Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.14 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4026 892750 731754 2026-08-08T05:56:37Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 892750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Eyjafjallaj%C3%B6kull_major_eruption_20100510.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Babban fashewar dutsin Eyjafjallajökull a cikin 2010]] [[File:Flag_of_Iceland.svg|thumb|250px|Tutar Ayislan.]] [[File:Iceland MKL Bd. 9 1890 (130808802).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Tarihin taswirar Iceland a shekarar (1890)]] [[File:Iceland satellite.jpg|thumb|ƙankaara]] '''Iceland''' (/ˈaɪslənd/;Icelandic: Ísland, ko a [[Hausa]] '''Ayislan''') wani tsibiri ne kuma ƙasa maicin gashin kanta a arewacin kogin Atlantik, tsakanin [[Greenland]] da [[Norway]], yanayin ta da al'adunta duka daidai ne da na [[Turawa]] da gabashi ta wajen Greenland Iceland nada fadin ƙasar kilomita dari uku da daya 301 ada kuma bangaren yammacin Norway Iceland nada fadin kasar kilomita 1001. Akwai kimanin mutane 329,100 a kasar ta Iceland. Gabadaya Iceland nada fadin kasar da yakai 103,000. Babban birnin ƙasar Ayislan [[Reykyavik]] ne. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Iceland_car_stuck_in_river_1972.jpg|Mota ta Makale a Kogi, Iceland File:IcelandicHorseInWinter.jpg|Wani Doki a yankin File:The_Blue_Lagoon_-_Flickr_-_big-ashb.jpg|Blue Lagoon File:MyvatnIsland.jpg|Tafkin M </gallery> [[Category:Ƙasashen Turai]] ==tarihi== Tarihi Babban labarin: Tarihin Iceland Don jagorar tarihin lokaci, duba Timeline na tarihin Icelandic. 874-1262: daidaitawa da Commonwealth Duba kuma: Zauren Iceland, Commonwealth Icelandic, da Kiristanci na Iceland <ref>The History of Viking Iceland</ref> Ingólfr Arnarson ( Icelandic ta zamani: Ingólfur Arnarson), ɗan ƙasar Scandinavia na farko na dindindin<ref>Iceland and the history</ref> Bisa ga duka Landnámabók da Íslendingabók, sufaye da aka fi sani da Papar sun rayu a Iceland kafin mazaunan Scandinavian su zo, mai yiwuwa mambobi ne na Hiberno-Scottish manufa. <ref>Hvers vegna hefur Náttfara ekki verið hampað sem fyrsta landnámsmanninum?</ref> Wani binciken binciken kayan tarihi ya gano rugujewar wani gida a Hafnir da ke tsibirin Reykjanes. Dangantakar Carbon ya nuna cewa an yi watsi da shi a wani lokaci tsakanin 770 zuwa 880.,<ref>"The Icelandic Welfare State and the Conditions of Children"</ref> A cikin 2016, masu binciken kayan tarihi sun gano wani dogon gida a Stöðvarfjörður wanda zai iya zuwa a farkon 800.<ref>"Major Archeological Find in Iceland"</ref> ==Iceland a matsayin mallaka== ===Tsakanin Zamani=== istorical Dictionary of the Vikings By Katherine Holman p252 scarecrow press 2003 discusses that both Scottish and Irish slaves were in <ref>Magnusson, M. (2003) The Vikings. Tempus</ref> Duba kuma: Shekarun Sturlungs<ref>"Two millennia of North Atlantic seasonality and implications for Norse colonies"</ref> Ƙasar Icelandic Commonwealth, wadda aka kafa a karni na 10, ta fuskanci rikici na cikin gida a lokacin Age of Sturlungs (c. 1220-1264).<ref> Modern Paganism in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives</ref> Wannan lokacin ya kasance alamar tashe-tashen hankula tsakanin sarakuna, musamman dangin Sturlung, wanda ya haifar da raunin tsarin siyasar Commonwealth.<ref>"The History of Iceland (Gunnar Karlsson) – book review"</ref> Ƙarshen gwagwarmayar ya haifar da rattaba hannu kan [[Tsohon Alkawari]] (Gamli sáttmáli) a cikin 1262-1264, wanda ya kawo Iceland karkashin mulkin Norwegian.<ref>Coroban, Costel (2018). Ideology and Power in Norway and Iceland, 1150-1250. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 2. ISBN 9781527506268</ref> <ref>"Chapter 5 – Norse Explorers from Erik the Red to Leif Erikson – Canadian Explorers | the History of Canada"</ref> Ƙalubalen muhalli sun ƙara yin tasiri ga al'ummar Icelandic na zamanin da.<ref> "What was farming like in medieval Iceland?"</ref> Bayan sasantawa, kusan 25-40% na Iceland an yi dazuzzuka. Duk da haka, an yi saran gandun daji mai yawa yayin da aka share dazuzzukan don katako, itacen wuta, da kuma samar da filin kiwo ga dabbobi. Wannan ya haifar da zaizayar ƙasa mai yawa da raguwar ƙasar noma, abin da ya ƙara ta'azzara wahalhalun da ake samu na dorewar noma a cikin yanayi mara kyau na Iceland<ref>developer, M. Özgür NevresI am a software; University, a science enthusiast I. was graduated from the Istanbul Technical; past, Computer Engineering In the; Earth, I. worked at the Istanbul Technical University Science Center as a science instructor I. write about the planet; Website, Science on This; cats, ourplnt com I. am also an animal lover! I. take care of stray; Patreon, dogs This website's all income goes directly to our furry friends Please consider supporting me on; animals!, so I. can help more (3 April 2018). "</ref> . Noma a wannan lokacin ya kasance makiyaya ne, inda aka fi mai da hankali kan dabbobi kamar tumaki, da shanu, da dawakai. Yayin da mazaunan farko suka noma sha'ir, yanayin sanyi daga ƙarni na 12 ya sa noman hatsi ya ƙara wahala. Zamanin Kankara ya fara kusan shekara 1300 yana kawo sanyi da yanayi maras tabbas, yana kara rage lokutan girma da kuma sa noma ya zama kalubale.[<ref> Holland, Marika M.</ref> <ref>"Farmsteads and Agriculture"</ref> <ref>"The History of Iceland (Gunnar Karlsson) – book review"</ref> Mutuwar Baƙar fata ta isa Iceland a cikin 1402-1404 da kuma a cikin 1494-1495, tare da mummunan tasiri.<ref>Medieval Scandinavia: An Encyclopedia</ref>An kiyasta barkewar cutar ta farko ta kashe kashi 50-60% na yawan jama’a, yayin da na biyu ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar kashi 30-50%. Wadannan annoba sun yi matukar rage yawan jama'a, suna haifar da rugujewar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.<ref>"6th–10th century AD"</ref> <ref>Coroban, Costel (2018). Ideology and Power in Norway and Iceland, 1150-1250. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge</ref> Masanin binciken Viking na [[Sweden]] Garɗar Svavarsson shine farkon wanda ya kewaya Iceland a cikin 870 kuma ya tabbatar da cewa tsibiri ne.<ref>The History of Viking Iceland</ref> Ya zauna a lokacin sanyi kuma ya gina gida a Húsavik. Garɗar ya tafi da rani na gaba, amma ɗaya daga cikin mutanensa, Náttfari, ya yanke shawarar zama tare da bayi biyu. Náttfari ya zauna a ƙasar da ake kira Náttfaravík a yanzu, kuma shi da bayinsa sun zama na farko da aka rubuta na dindindin a ƙasar Iceland.<ref>Archived</ref> <ref>Hvers vegna hefur Náttfara ekki verið hampað sem fyrsta landnámsmanninum?</ref> <ref>"What was farming like in medieval Iceland?"</ref> <ref>"When a killer cloud hit Britain"</ref> Basaraken Norwegian-Norse Ingólfr Arnarson ya gina gidansa a Reykjavík na yanzu a cikin 874. Ingólfr ya biyo bayan sauran ƙaura da yawa daga ƙaura, galibi 'yan Scandinavia da abubuwan burgewa, yawancinsu Irish ne ko kuma Scotland.<ref>Historical Dictionary of the Vikings By Katherine Holman p252 scarecrow press 2003 discusses that both Scottish and Irish slaves were in Iceland</ref> A shekara ta 930, an yi iƙirarin mafi yawan ƙasar noma a tsibirin; da Althing, an ƙaddamar da taron majalisa da shari'a don tsara tsarin Commonwealth na Icelandic. Rashin filin noma shi ma ya zama ƙwarin guiwa ga zama na Greenland wanda ya fara daga 986.<ref> "Chapter 5 – Norse Explorers from Erik the Red to Leif Erikson – Canadian Explorers | the History of Canada"</ref> Zamanin wadannan matsugunai na farko ya zo daidai da lokacin zafi na Medieval, lokacin da yanayin zafi ya yi kama da na farkon karni na 20.<ref>Magnusson, M. (2003) The Vikings. Tempus</ref> A wannan lokacin, kusan kashi 25% na Iceland an rufe su da gandun daji, idan aka kwatanta da 1% a halin yanzu.<ref>Magnusson, M. (2003) The Vikings. Tempus</ref> Kiristanci ya karɓi yarjejeniya ta kusan 999-1000, kodayake maguzanci na Norse ya ci gaba a tsakanin sassan jama'a na wasu shekaru bayan.<ref>Modern Paganism in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives</ref> <ref>"Iceland is growing new forests for the first time in 1,000 years - Our Planet"</ref> <ref>Medieval Scandinavia: An Encyclopedia</ref> tare da ɓawon teku yana yaduwa kuma ya haifar da sabon ɓawon burodi. Wannan bangare na kogin tsakiyar teku yana sama da tulun alkyabba, wanda ya sa Iceland ta kasance ƙarƙashin teku (sama da saman teku). Dutsen yana nuna iyaka tsakanin farantin Eurasian da Plate na Arewacin Amurka, kuma Iceland an halicce ta ta hanyar tarwatsawa da haɓaka ta hanyar volcanism tare da tudun.<ref>Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.</ref> <ref>"Farmsteads and Agriculture"</ref> <ref>"6th–10th century AD"</ref> Yawancin fjords suna nuna bakin tekun Iceland na tsawon kilomita 4,970 (3,090 mi), wanda kuma shine inda mafi yawan ƙauyuka suke. Cikin tsibirin, tsaunukan Iceland, sanyi ne da ba za a iya rayuwa ba, na yashi, tsaunuka, da filayen lava. Manyan garuruwan su ne babban birnin Reykjavík, tare da ɓangarorinsa na Kópavogur, Hafnarfjörður, da Garɗabær, kusa da Reykjanesbær inda filin jirgin saman ƙasa da ƙasa yake, da kuma garin Akureyri a arewacin Iceland. Tsibirin Grímsey da ke kan Arctic Circle ya ƙunshi mafi yawan mazaunin Iceland, yayin da Kolbeinsey ya ƙunshi mafi girman yanki na Iceland.<ref>"Hvaða heimildir eru til um Tyrkjaránið?"</ref>Iceland na da wuraren shakatawa na kasa guda uku: Vatnajökull National Park, Snæfellsjökull National Park, da Þingvellir National Park.<ref>Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500–1800</ref> Ana daukar kasar a matsayin "mai karfi" wajen kare muhalli.<ref>"Iceland: Milestones in Icelandic History"</ref> <ref>Ecological imperialism: the biological expansion of Europe, 900–1900</ref> <ref>Ecological imperialism: the biological expansion of Europe, 900–1900</ref> <ref>"How volcanoes can change the world"</ref> <ref>"For Iceland, an exodus of workers"</ref> ==Gyarawa da Zamani na Farko== Duba kuma: Gyaran Icelandic, Keɓaɓɓen cinikin Danish a Iceland, da Moðuharɗindin <ref>"Vigdis Finnbogadottir, the world's first elected female president"</ref> Ósvör, kwafin wani tsohon wurin kamun kifi a wajen Bolungarvík Kusan tsakiyar karni na 16, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Gyaran Furotesta, Sarki Kirista na III na [[Denmark]] ya fara sanya Lutheranism a kan dukan batutuwansa. Jón Arason, bishop Katolika na ƙarshe na Iceland, da ’ya’yansa biyu aka fille kai a shekara ta 1550. Bayan haka, Iceland ta zama Lutheran a hukumance, kuma addinin Lutheran ya kasance babban addini.<ref>"For Iceland, an exodus of workers"</ref> <ref>"Icelandic Roots | Post"</ref> <ref>"How volcanoes can change the world"</ref> <ref>Allies Study Post-War Security Etc</ref> <ref>Pathbreakers: Small European Countries Responding to Globalisation and Deglobalisation</ref> Taswirar Iceland da Gerardus Mercator ya buga a farkon karni na 17<ref>"History: British forces occupy Iceland"</ref> <ref>"Hversu há var Marshallaðstoðin sem Ísland fékk eftir seinni heimsstyrjöld?"</ref> A cikin ƙarni na 17 da 18, Denmark ta sanya takunkumi mai tsauri akan Iceland. Bala'o'i, da suka haɗa da aman wuta da cututtuka, sun taimaka wajen rage yawan jama'a. A lokacin rani na 1627, Barbary Pirates sun aikata abubuwan da aka sani a cikin gida a matsayin Tushen Turkawa, inda aka kwashe daruruwan mazauna cikin bauta a Arewacin Afirka kuma aka kashe da dama; wannan shi ne kawai mamayewa a tarihin Iceland wanda ya sami raunuka.<ref> "Hvaða heimildir eru til um Tyrkjaránið?"</ref> <ref>Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500–1800</ref> An kiyasta barkewar cutar sankara ta Iceland ta 1707-08 ta kashe kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu zuwa kashi uku na yawan jama'a.<ref>"Iceland: Milestones in Icelandic History"</ref> <ref>"When a killer cloud hit Britain"</ref> cikin 1783 dutsen mai aman wuta na Laki ya barke, tare da mummunar illa.<ref>"When a killer cloud hit Britain"</ref> A cikin shekaru da suka biyo bayan fashewar, wanda aka fi sani da Wahalar Hazo (Icelandan: Móðuharðindin), fiye da rabin dukan dabbobi a ƙasar sun mutu. Kusan kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na al'ummar ƙasar sun yi fama da yunwa a cikin yunwar da ta<ref>"Icelandic Roots | Post"</ref> == Manazarta == 95us5dryjy56tmoyiogbeunv26w4uqq 0 5392 892746 890548 2026-08-08T05:54:01Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 892746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''Makkah''', <ref>/ˈmɛkə/</ref> Makkah al-Mukarramah a hukumance, <ref>Arabic: مَكَّة ٱلْمُكَرَّمَة, romanized: Makkah al-Mukarramah, lit. 'Makkah the Noble', Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: [makːa almʊkarːama]</ref> babban birnin lardin Makka ne a yankin Hejaz na yammacin Saudiyya; shi ne birni mafi tsarki a Musulunci<ref>Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. 2001. p. 724. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-87779-546-9</nowiki>.</ref>. Yana da nisan kilomita 70 (mil 43) daga Jeddah akan Bahar Maliya, a cikin wani kunkuntar kwari mai tsayin mita 277 (909 ft) sama da matakin teku. Yawan jama'arta a cikin 2022 ya kasance miliyan 2.4, wanda ya sa ya zama birni na uku mafi yawan jama'a a Saudi Arabiya bayan Riyadh da Jeddah. Kusan kashi 44.5 cikin 100 na al’ummar Saudiyya ‘yan kasar ne kuma kusan kashi 55.5% ‘yan kasashen waje ne musulmi daga wasu kasashe.<ref>"Makkah (Makkah al-Mukarramah, Mecca Region, Saudi Arabia) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information". City Population. Retrieved 3 February 2024.</ref> Yawan alhazai fiye da sau uku a kowace shekara a lokacin [[Aikin Hajji|aikin hajji]], wanda ake yi a watan Hijira na sha biyu ga Zul-Hajji<ref>"Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage". Salamislam. 3 January 2021. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.</ref>. Tare da baƙi sama da miliyan 10.8 na duniya a cikin 2023, Makka tana ɗaya daga cikin birane goma da aka fi ziyarta a duniya.<ref>"Euromonitor International's report reveals world's Top 100…". Euromonitor. 13 December 2023. Retrieved 29 February 2024.</ref> Makka gaba daya ana daukarsa "tushen tushen Musulunci"<ref>Ogle, Vanessa (2015). The Global Transformation of Time: 1870–1950. Harvard University Press. p. 173. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-674-28614-6</nowiki>. Mecca, "the fountainhead and cradle of Islam," would be the center of Islamic timekeeping.</ref><ref>Nicholson, Reynold A. (2013). ''Literary History Of The Arabs''. Routledge. p. 62. ISBN <bdi>978-1-136-17016-4</bdi>. <q>Mecca was the cradle of Islam, and Islam, according to Muhammad, is the religion of Abraham.</q></ref>. Ana girmama Makka a Musulunci a matsayin mahaifar Annabi Muhammadu. Kogon Hira da ke saman Jabal al-Nur ("Dutsen Haske"), kusa da birnin, shi ne inda Musulmai suka yi imani da cewa an saukar da Alkur'ani ne ga Muhammadu<ref>Khan, A M (2003). Historical Value Of The Qur An And The Hadith. Global Vision Publishing Ho. pp. 26–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-81-87746-47-8</nowiki>.; Al-Laithy, Ahmed (2005). What Everyone Should Know About the Qur'an. Garant. pp. 61–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-90-441-1774-5</nowiki>.</ref>Ziyarar Makka don aikin Hajji wajibi ne a kan dukkan musulmin da ke da iko. [[Masjid al-Haram|Babban Masallacin Makkah]], wanda aka fi sani da Masjid al-Haram, gidan [[Kaaba|Ka'aba]] ne, wanda Musulmi suka yi imani da cewa Ibrahim da Isma'il ne suka gina shi. Shi ne wuri mafi tsarki na Musulunci kuma alkiblar salla ga dukkan musulmin duniya<ref>Nasr, Seyyed (2005). Mecca, The Blessed, Medina, The Radiant: The Holiest Cities of Islam. Aperture. <nowiki>ISBN 0-89381-752-X</nowiki>.</ref>. Mahukuntan musulmi na yankin da kewaye sun dade suna kokarin kwace birnin da kuma rike shi a hannunsu, don haka kamar yadda akasarin yankin [[Hijaz]] ya yi, birnin ya ga canje canjen gwamnatoci da dama. A kwanan baya ne [[Ibn Saud]] da abokansa suka mamaye birnin a lokacin da Saudiyya ta mamaye birnin Hejaz a shekarar 1925. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Makka ta samu gagarumin ci gaba a girma da ababen more rayuwa, tare da sabbin gine-gine na zamani irin su The Clock Towers, gini na hudu mafi tsayi a duniya da kuma na uku mafi girma a kasa<ref>Bayat, Ehsan (28 January 2021). "Dr. Ehsan Bayat - 6 Facts You Need to Know about the Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower". Dr. Ehsan Bayat. Retrieved 19 June 2024.</ref>.[[File:Bab Makkah 3.jpg|thumb|Kofa<ref>/ˈmɛkə/</ref>higa Makkah]] [[File:Makka.jpg|thumb|photon Ka'aba a birnin Makka mai girma]] [[Fayil:Kaaba 2.jpg|thumb|Ka'aba]] [[Fayil:Makkah Montage.jpg|thumb|gari mafitsarki aduniya]] [[Fayil:Uprooted palm trees at Makkah Street in Al Luqta.jpg|thumb|Jijiyar itace Na Makkah a ciki Al liqta]] [[File:Peace-Pakistan-Man-in-Ihram-Mecca.jpg|thumb]] == Tarihi == Tarihi A cikin 2010, Makka da kewaye sun zama wuri mai mahimmanci don ilimin burbushin halittu game da juyin halitta na farko, tare da gano burbushin Saadanius. Ana ɗaukar Saadanius a matsayin ɗan fari mai alaƙa da kakannin kakannin birai da birai na Tsohuwar Duniya. Wurin zama na burbushin halittu, kusa da abin da a yanzu ake kira Bahar Maliya a yammacin Saudiyya, yanki ne mai dausayi mai dausayi tsakanin shekaru miliyan 28 zuwa 29 da suka wuce.<ref>Sample, Ian (14 July 2010). "Ape ancestors brought to life by fossil skull of 'Saadanius' primate". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 27 September 2016.</ref> Masana burbushin halittu da ke cikin binciken suna fatan samun ƙarin burbushin halittu a yankin.<ref>Laursen, Lucas (2010). "Fossil skull fingered as ape–monkey ancestor". Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2010.354. ISSN 0028-0836.</ref> Tarihin farko (har zuwa karni na 6 AD) Tarihin farko na Makka har yanzu yana cike da rashin ingantaccen tushe. Garin yana cikin tsakiyar yankin yammacin Larabawa wanda akwai wasu mabubbugar rubutu ko kayan tarihi masu yawa.<ref>Peters, F. E. (1994). Mecca: a Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 135–136. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4008-8736-1</nowiki>. OCLC 978697983.</ref>Wannan rashin ilimin ya bambanta da yankunan arewaci da kudancin yammacin Larabawa, musamman yankin Syro-Falasdinawa da kuma [[Yemen]], inda masana tarihi ke da tushe daban-daban kamar ragowar wuraren ibada, rubuce-rubuce, abubuwan lura da marubutan Greco-Roman, da bayanan da masana tarihi na coci suka tattara. Yankin Hejaz da ke kewaye da Makka yana da yanayin nisa, dutsen da ba shi da kyau, wanda ke tallafawa tsirar jama'a a cikin warwatsewar tudu da kuma shimfidar ƙasa mai albarka. Gabar Tekun Bahar Maliya ba ta ba da tashar jiragen ruwa mai sauƙi ba kuma mazaunan bakin teku da ƙauyuka a yankin ba su da ilimi.<ref>Peters, F. E. (1994). ''Mecca: a Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land''. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 135–136. ISBN <bdi>978-1-4008-8736-1</bdi>. OCLC 978697983.</ref> Binciken ilimi ya nuna cewa a lokacin Muhammadu mutanen Makka sun kai kusan 550.[43] Malaman musulmi masu amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya na iya sanya adadin ya kai 10,000.[44] Maganar Makka ta farko a cikin adabin da ba na Musulunci ba ya zo ne a shekara ta 741, tun bayan rasuwar Muhammad, a cikin tarihin Byzantine-Arab, ko da yake a nan marubucin ya sanya yankin a Mesopotamiya maimakon Hejaz.[45][[File:Public Domain Mecca Maps 17.jpg|thumb|Zanen yanayin garin makka a wani karni na baya]] <gallery> File:Badr Saudi Arabia - panoramio (5).jpg|Yankin Badar a Saudi Arabiya </gallery> ==Tufafi == <gallery> File:Mitglieder verschiedener Scherifenfamilien in Mekka.png|Yanayin sanya kayan mutanen saudiya a zamanin da </gallery> == Mulki == <gallery> File:Public Security's Khalid Fahad al-Shunaber - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|Jami'i mai bayar da tsaro ga al'umma Khalid Fahad File:King Abdul Aziz Gate - panoramio.jpg|Babbar kofar Sarki Abdul Aziz </gallery> == Addini == <gallery> File:Supplicating Pilgrim at Masjid Al Haram. Mecca, Saudi Arabia.jpg|Masallacin harami File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|Mina File:Jabal Rahmat 2008 - panoramio.jpg|Dutsen Jabal Rahamat File:Worshippers eat at the Haram - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|Alhazai a Makka mai girma </gallery> ==Qur'ani == [[File:Madina Hilton.JPG|thumb|hotal madina]] ==Masallatai == [[File:Makka, Konkani vishvakosh.png|thumb|Masallacin ka'aba]] [[File:Makka Masjid, Hyderabad.JPG|thumb|Masallacin Hydrabad Makka]] [[File:Makka.jpg|thumb|Masallacin Ka'aba makka]] <gallery> File:Old Hubaidiyah Mosque - panoramio.jpg|Tsohon Masallaci a Hubaidiyah </gallery> ==Makkah == <gallery> File:Mekka .jpg|Massallacin Makkah da Dakin Ka'aba </gallery> ==Madina == [[File:Luxor El-Madina El-Monawwara R03.jpg|thumb|Cikin madina]] [[File:Luxor El-Madina El-Monawwara R01.jpg|thumb|Madina]] [[File:Madina Building, Hyderabad.jpg|thumb|Manyan gine ginen madina]] <gallery> File:Saudi arabia - panoramio (5).jpg|Masallacin Madina </gallery> == Mutane == <gallery> File:Essam Al Mojalid.JPG|Dan kasar Saudiya mai suna Essam Al Mojalid File:Hayat Sindi - PopTech 2012 - Camden Maine USA (8103609979).jpg|Hayat Sindi, Daya daga cikin sanannun mata a kasar Saudiya </gallery> == Noma == <gallery> File:Date Palm Tree.jpg|Bishiyan Dabino File:Date palm tree.jpg|Yayan Dabino File:Three palm trees during the sunset, Ayia Marina Chrysochous, Paphos District, Cyprus 02.jpg|Bishiyoyin dabino File:Nature of Cambodia. Palm trees.jpg|Gonan dabino File:Orangerieschloss, Potsdam (SPSG2277).jpg|Bishiyan dabino a wani muhalli inda ba gona ba File:Opaque and mirroring green paddy fields with palm tree.jpg| Gonan Dabino </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Makkah}} [[Category:Biranen Saudiyya]] f2meex5rsbg44nzrb2igl9yrnvvu4bx 0 5489 892897 822099 2026-08-08T10:31:25Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Football4.png|thumb|right|250px|Kofin duniya 2006 kenan.]] [[File:Boys playing street football in Egypt.jpg|thumb|yara na wasa da kwallo]] '''Ƙwallon kafa''' wasa ne wanda kuma ya samu karbuwa sosai a [[Duniya]]; an fara buga kwallon kafa tun a karni na goma, amma an kafa dokokin wasan a ƙarshen ƙarni na sha tara. Kasashe da dama sun samu damar lashe kambun kwallon kafa. ==Gasa Kwallon Kaga== * [[File:William Kempster 1966 World Cup stamp.jpg|thumb|William Kempster a gasar kofin duniya Wanda kuma aka yi a shekarar 1966]]Akwai shahararrun wasannin kwallon kafa da ake gudanarwa a fadin duniya daban-daban, kamar gasar cin kofin kwallon duniya, gasar kwallo ta Olympics da sauran su. == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150px"> 7-mannaplaner%E2%80%93flygbild_06_september_2014.jpg|Filin was an kwallo AHSS_Soccer_Field.jpg North_Stand_Skopje_Stadium_08.08.17.jpg Pel%C3%A9_1960.jpg|Pele a 1960 FWC_2018_-_Group_D_-_ARG_v_ISL_-_Messi_penalty_kick.jpg|Messi lokacin gasar kofin duniya 2018 20121209_PSG-Juvisy_-_Team_of_Paris_Saint-Germain_FC_Ladies.jpg Abd_al-Q%C3%A1dir_16.jpg Alt%C4%B1nordu%27dan_bir_sporcu_2014-05-20_23-36.jpg AQ_IMG_4989.JPG BabyFootballer_(3).jpg Bolivian_children_football.jpg Boys_playing_soccer_1_(OSCAL19_trip).jpg Children_play_Europe%27s_most_popular_sport,_soccer.jpg Children_play_football_at_University_of_Liberia_basketball_court.jpg EURO_2012-_UNICEF_Cup_for_Vulnerable_Children_in_Ukraine_(7308186680).jpg Futbol_mixto_ni%C3%B1a_futbol_femenino_river_boca_argentina.jpg Gentle_Pursuer.jpg Sailors_and_Marines_play_football_with_children_in_Thailand_110504-N-IC111-580.jpg SAIS_kids%27_soccer_practice_2.jpg Tallinn_Cup_Football_Tournament_2019-282.jpg </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{Stub}} [[Category:kwallo|*]] [[Category:Wasa]] kcrh865onquk8r72ylwjyj6yxolw7b1 892898 892897 2026-08-08T10:31:48Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Football4.png|thumb|right|250px|Kofin duniya 2006 kenan.]] [[File:Boys playing street football in Egypt.jpg|thumb|yara na wasa da kwallo]] '''Ƙwallon kafa''' wasa ne wanda kuma ya samu karbuwa sosai a [[Duniya]]; an fara buga kwallon kafa tun a karni na goma, amma an kafa dokokin wasan a ƙarshen ƙarni na sha tara. Kasashe da dama sun samu damar lashe kambun kwallon kafa. ==Gasa Kwallon Kaga== * [[File:William Kempster 1966 World Cup stamp.jpg|thumb|William Kempster a gasar kofin duniya Wanda kuma aka yi a shekarar 1966]]Akwai shahararrun wasannin kwallon kafa da ake gudanarwa a faɗin duniya daban-daban, kamar gasar cin kofin kwallon duniya, gasar kwallo ta Olympics da sauran su. == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150px"> 7-mannaplaner%E2%80%93flygbild_06_september_2014.jpg|Filin was an kwallo AHSS_Soccer_Field.jpg North_Stand_Skopje_Stadium_08.08.17.jpg Pel%C3%A9_1960.jpg|Pele a 1960 FWC_2018_-_Group_D_-_ARG_v_ISL_-_Messi_penalty_kick.jpg|Messi lokacin gasar kofin duniya 2018 20121209_PSG-Juvisy_-_Team_of_Paris_Saint-Germain_FC_Ladies.jpg Abd_al-Q%C3%A1dir_16.jpg Alt%C4%B1nordu%27dan_bir_sporcu_2014-05-20_23-36.jpg AQ_IMG_4989.JPG BabyFootballer_(3).jpg Bolivian_children_football.jpg Boys_playing_soccer_1_(OSCAL19_trip).jpg Children_play_Europe%27s_most_popular_sport,_soccer.jpg Children_play_football_at_University_of_Liberia_basketball_court.jpg EURO_2012-_UNICEF_Cup_for_Vulnerable_Children_in_Ukraine_(7308186680).jpg Futbol_mixto_ni%C3%B1a_futbol_femenino_river_boca_argentina.jpg Gentle_Pursuer.jpg Sailors_and_Marines_play_football_with_children_in_Thailand_110504-N-IC111-580.jpg SAIS_kids%27_soccer_practice_2.jpg Tallinn_Cup_Football_Tournament_2019-282.jpg </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{Stub}} [[Category:kwallo|*]] [[Category:Wasa]] 5ye6446zyhavbmis064xuaeml09hpbv 0 9027 892629 516098 2026-08-07T18:15:01Z Baffa ali 47435 892629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:A signpost at Sabon Gari Chori.jpg|thumb|A_signpost_at_Sabon_Gari_Chori]] [[File:Sabon Gari Post Office Zaria, Kaduna State.jpg|thumb|Sabon_Gari_Post_Office_Zaria,_Kaduna_State]] [[File:Cleaning exercise for world cleap day 2023 05.jpg|thumb|Cleaning_exercise_for_world_cleap_day_2023_05]] [[File:Hoton Kasuwar Sabon Gari.png|thumb|Hoton_Kasuwar_Sabon_Gari]] [[File:Sabon Gari Market Kano.jpg|thumb|Sabon_Gari_Market_Kano]] [[File:ECWA Church Sabon Gari Kafanchan.jpg|thumb|ECWA_Church_Sabon_Gari_Kafanchan]] Karamar hukumar '''Sabon Gari''' [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|karamar hukuma ce]] a [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna a]] [[Najeriya]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Mortimore |first=M.J |title=Zaria and it's regions: A. Nigerian Savannah city and it's environs |publisher=Department of Geography, Ahmadu Bello University, zaria |year=1970}}</ref> Yana daya daga cikin kananan hukumomin da ke cikin birnin garin [[Zariya]] sannan kuma daya ne daga cikin gundumomin masarautar kasar [[Zazzau]] . Birnin da koma kauye dogarawa, bomo, basawa, zabi, Samaru, kwari, Barashi, Machiya da Palladian. Majalisar karamar hukumar na karkashin jagorancin Alhaji Mohammed Usman. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2020-03-10 |title=Three to die by hanging in Zaria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/03/three-to-die-by-hanging-in-zaria/ |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Yawan jama'a == Karamar hukumar Sabon Gari tana da yawan jama'a da kiyasin mutane 204,562. Garuruwan sun karbi bakoncin mutane daban-daban na kabilu daban-daban. Babban harshen da ake amfani da shi shi ne harshen Hausa yayin da Musulunci da Kiristanci su ne addinan da ake yi a tsakanin mutanen yankin. == Geography == Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 32 ° C, tare da manyan yanayi guda biyu waɗanda suke bushe da damina. == Tattalin Arziki == Kasuwanci wani muhimmin aiki ne na tattalin arziki na Sabon Gari inda yankin ya mallaki kasuwanni da dama irin su Samaru zariya da manyan kasuwannin Sabon Gari wanda ke jan hankalin dubban kwastomomi kamar saye da sayarwa. Gida ne na ɗalibai da ayyukan ilimi tare da ayyukan noma masu fa'ida. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} arlz1ix5rg8z64caltlgz9wimiwrhg8 0 9131 892624 881804 2026-08-07T17:59:38Z Baffa ali 47435 892624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Konduga al'umma ce a Jihar Borno, Najeriya kuma tsakiyar wani yanki na Karamar Hukumar mai suna iri ɗaya, kimanin kilomita 25 daga kudu maso gabashin Maiduguri, tana gefen arewa na Kogin Ngadda. Yawan jama'ar yankin Karamar Hukumar Konduga ya kai kimanin 13,400.<ref>"Konduga Nigeria". Geonames. Retrieved 2009-10-03.</ref> Yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomi goma sha shida da suka ƙunshi Masarautar Borno, jiha ce ta gargajiya da ke Jihar Borno, Najeriya.<ref>Nigeria (2000). Nigeria: a people united, a future assured. Vol. 2, State Surveys (Millennium ed.). Abuja, Nigeria: Federal Ministry of Information. p. 106. <nowiki>ISBN 9780104089</nowiki></ref> Harsunan farko sune Shuwa Larabci, Kanuri, Mafa da Wandala / Malgwa.<ref>Dr. Uwe Seibert, University of Jos. "Languages of Borno State". University of Iowa. Archived from the original on 2009-11-26. Retrieved 2009-10-03</ref><ref>"Latest News About konduga". The Whistler Newspaper. 2026-06-02. Retrieved 2026-06-12.</ref> Shi ne wurin haihuwar Sanata Kaka Mallam Yale.<ref>Bosoma Sheriff; Shettima Maina Mohammed. "Senator Alhaji Kaka Mallam Yale". Kanuri Studies Association. Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2009-10-03.</ref><ref>"Konduga Blast Archives". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. Retrieved 2026-06-12.</ref> a kwai fadi Wanda ya kai kimanin 157322(2006) . == Tarihi == A shekara ta 6300 BP, tukwane ya fara bayyana a Konduga.<ref>McIntosh, Susan (2001). "West African Late Stone Age". Encyclopedia of Prehistory Volume 1: Africa. Encyclopedia of Prehistory. pp. 319–322. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1193-9_27. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-306-46255-9</nowiki>.</ref> A zamanin Mega Lake Chad, an yi wa tukwanen ado da kayan yumbu na Sahara.<ref>Breunig, Peter; Neumann, Katharina; Neer, Wim (1996). "New research on the Holocene settlement and environment of the Chad Basin in Nigeria". African Archaeological Review. 13 (2): 111–145. doi:10.1007/BF01956304.</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 2006, yawancin mazauna yankin ba su da ilimi kuma suna yin noma, tare da samun kuɗin shiga ƙasa da dala 20 a kowace shekara. Yawancin mutane ba su da damar samun ruwan sha ko wutar lantarki, kuma hanyoyin ba sa wucewa a lokacin damina.<ref>B. A. OMOTARA; S. J. YAHYA; U. SHEHU; H. S. BELLO; A. P. BASSI (July 2006). "Communities' Awareness, Perception and Participation in the Community-Based Medical Education of the University of Maiduguri" (PDF). Taylor & Francis. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-09-17. Retrieved 2009-10-03.</ref> Yawan mace-macen mata masu juna biyu yana da yawa. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2003 ya gano manyan cikas ga shiga asibiti don kula da lafiyar mata masu juna biyu saboda rashin kuɗi da matsalolin sufuri.<ref>Kawuwa MB, Mairiga AG, Usman HA. "Community perspective of maternal mortality: Experience from Konduga local government area, Borno State, Nigeria". Annals of African Medicine. 2007;6(3):109-114. Retrieved 2009-10-03.</ref> Yawan amfanin ƙasa a yankin yana raguwa.<ref>"Soil nutrient dynamics under small-holder agricultural practices in Konduga, north-eastern Nigeria". Centre national de la recherche scientifique. Retrieved 2009-10-03.</ref> == Boko Haram == A ranar 5 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 2015, "Sojojin Runduna ta 7 ta Sojojin Najeriya ... sun yi karo da waɗanda ake zargi da zama membobin ƙungiyar Boko Haram a ƙauyen Mainari da ke ƙaramar Hukumar Konduga ta Jihar Borno."<ref>Njadvara Musa (2015-01-07). "allAfrica.com: Nigeria: Troops, Insurgents Clash in Captured Borno Town". The Guardian - allAfrica.com. Retrieved 2015-01-08.</ref> Al'ummar ta kasance wurin da Boko Haram ta kai hare-hare.<ref>Adamczyk, Ed (March 29, 2017). "Ten abducted in Nigeria after Boko Haram attacks". UPI. Archived from the original on March 29, 2017. Retrieved March 29, 2017. Ten people in the Konduga area of Nigeria's Borno state were abducted after weekend raids by the Islamist insurgent group Boko Haram, a security official said [...] Ibrahim Abdullah of the Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Corps said that four women and six youths were kidnapped after insurgents on motorcycles attacked nearby villages, the newspaper Premium Times reported Wednesday, citing the News Agency of Nigeria. Abdullah added that the abductions are a sign that Boko Haram, which he said has been degraded by the Nigerian military, is attempting to recruit more young people by any means possible. The abductions are the first reported in the area, the former Boko Haram stronghold in northeastern Nigeria, in several months.</ref> Ayyukan BH a Konduga sun haɗa da harbin jama'a acikin shekara ta 2013, kisan gilla a watan Janairu da Fabrairu a shekara ta 2014, yaƙe-yaƙe a shekara ta 2014 da 2015, da kuma hare-haren kunar bakin wake a shekara ta 2018, 2019 da 2025.<ref>Ojo, Isah (2025-06-23). "Borno gov blames Konduga bombing on drug markets, vows crackdown". Punch Newspapers. Retrieved 2026-06-12.</ref> == Yanayi == Lokaci mai sauƙi, wanda ke ɗaukar daga 20 ga watan Yuli zuwa 22 ga Satumba, tare da matsakaicin zafin rana mai zafi ƙasa da 33 °C (92 °F), ya biyo bayan watan da ya fi zafi a Konduga, Afrilu, wanda ke da matsakaicin zafi na 41 °C (105 °F) da ƙasa da 25 °C (77 °F).<ref>"Konduga Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 2023-09-13.</ref>{{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category: Kananan hukumomin jihar Borno]] tex7eucdp3dzvtz0yxum0s4p54kkdsp 0 9277 892768 839946 2026-08-08T06:17:25Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Manazarta */ 892768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gwiwa'''({{ Audio|Gwiwa, Jigawa.ogg|Pronunciation}}) [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce dake a Jihar [[Jigawa]], Arewa maso yamman [[Nijeriya]]. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Jigawa]] It was reported that the Climate Of Jigawa State Located at an elevation of {{convert|372.98|metre}} above sea level, Jigawa has a [[Subtropics|Subtropical]] steppe climate (Classification: BSh). The city's yearly temperature is 31.23&nbsp;°C (88.21&nbsp;°F) and it is 1.77% higher than Nigeria's averages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Simulated historical climate & weather data for Gwiwa |url=https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/gwiwa_nigeria_2339704 |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=meteoblue |language=en}}</ref> With a year-round temperature range of {{convert|58|°F|°C|abbr=on|order=flip|link=on}} to {{convert|102|°F|°C|abbr=on|order=flip}}, with sporadic dips below {{convert|54|°F|°C|abbr=on|order=flip}} or above {{convert|106|°F|°C|abbr=on|order=flip}}, the climate is oppressive, mostly [[cloud]]y, and cool.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gwiwa Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) – Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/58598/Average-Weather-in-Gwiwa-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref> 56ghez9l1llyzhy6dxysgusgl4iwgmd 0 9763 892796 843841 2026-08-08T09:14:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oshimili ta Arewa''' na daga cikin [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|kananan hukumomin]] [[Jihar Delta]] dake a kudancin [[Nijeriya]].<ref name="pat">{{Cite news |date=2018-04-27 |title=2019: Re-elect my wife, Ajudua begs Oshimili North people |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/04/2019-re-elect-wife-ajudua-begs-oshimili-north-people/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-04-08 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Oshimili north LGA |url=http://localgovernment.ng/delta-state/oshimili-north-lga/ |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=Journal Of Local Governments Of Nigeria |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910100042/http://localgovernment.ng/delta-state/oshimili-north-lga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Delta]] aqrxbjdny084tqsbvobooi7q458gw2f 0 10151 892936 885434 2026-08-08T10:49:04Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Real Madrid players in 1902-1908.jpg|thumb|ƴan wasar real Madrid a shekara ta 1902-1908]] [[File:Real Madrid vs Atlético Madrid 28 September 2013 02.jpg|thumb|real madrid da atletico madrid suna fafatawa a 28 ga watan Satumba shekara ta 2013]] [[File:Real Madrid Kaka-2.jpg|thumb|ɗan wasar riyal madrid (Kaka)]] [[File:Real Madrid's Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, Madrid, Spain (Ank Kumar) 01.jpg|thumb|sitadiyom ɗin Real Madrid A Supaniya ( Real Madrid stadium at Spain)]] [[File:Real Madrid - Barça (3495454182).jpg|thumb|hoton real Madrid a gida]] [[Fayil:Real Madrid CF (ancien logo).svg|thumb|Hoton tambarin real madri]] [[Fayil:Real Madrid players in 1902-1908.jpg|thumb|yan kwallan real na farko]] [[Fayil:Di stefano real madrid cf (cropped).png|thumb|Hoton Dan kwalo stefano]] [[Fayil:Real Madrid celebration after winning the 2018 UEFA Champions League Final DSC 0494 (41680976994).jpg|thumb|hoyon shugaban real da yan kwalonsa]] [[Fayil:Di stefano real madrid cf (cropped)bw.png|thumb]] [[Fayil:Pasillo Real Madrid - F.C. Barcelona.jpg|thumb|hoton tawagar yan kwslon real da barca]] [[Fayil:Forcejeo Real Madrid - FC Barcelona.jpg|thumb|hoton real da barca lokacin wasa]] [[Fayil:Zinedine Zidane's 1998 Ballon d'Or trophy, Real Madrid Museum, Santiago Bernabéu, Madrid, Spain (Ank Kumar, Infosys Limited) 01.jpg|thumb|hoton kambjn baland or ta zidane]] [[Fayil:Real Madrid FC 1949.jpg|thumb|Hoton tawagar real a 1949]] [[Fayil:Real Madrid C.F. the Winner Of The Champions League in 2018 (1).jpg|thumb|hoton murnar Ashe kofin nshiyat turai a 2018]] [[Fayil:El Real Madrid ofreció la Undécima a los madridistas.webm|thumb|hogon shugan real da yan jarida]] '''[[Emad Hamdy PP|Emab]] Madrid Club de Fútbol''' "Royal Madrid Football Club"), Ana kuma kiran ta da '''Real Madrid''', kungiyar kwararrun kwalon kafa ne dake zaune a birnin [[Madrid]], kasar [[Ispaniya]]. An kuma kafa ƙungiyar a ranar 6 ga watan Maris, shekarar 1902 da sunan Madrid Football Club, kungiyar daman ta kasan ce tun kafuwar ta kayan sawan ýan'wasan ta fari ne. Kalmar ''real'' daga harshen spaniya ne dake nufin "royal" wato ''sarauta'' kuma an laka ba masu sunan ne daga [[Alfonso XIII of Spain|King Alfonso XIII]] a shekarar 1920 tare da royal crown in the emblem.Kulub din na wasan ta a fili mai daukan mutane 81,044 wato [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium]] dake Madrid tun daga shekarar 1947.Real Madrid kulub bakamar sauran kungiyoyin wasannin dake nahiyar turai bane, Dan kuwa waɗanda suka mallake ta tun a farko,Sune suka cigaba da kula da kuma Jan ragamar ta har yanzu. members ('socios'). The club was estimated to be [[Forbes' list of the most valuable football clubs|worth]] €3.47&nbsp;billion ($4.1&nbsp;billion) in 2018, and in the 2016–17 season it was the [[Deloitte Football Money League|second highest-earning]] football club in the world, with an annual revenue of €674.6&nbsp;million.<ref name="Deloitte">{{cite web|url=https://www2.deloitte.com/uk/en/pages/sports-business-group/articles/deloitte-football-money-league.html|title=Deloitte Football Money League 2018|date=23 January 2018|accessdate=23 January 2018|publisher=Deloitte}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams | url = https://www.forbes.com/soccer-valuations/ | publisher = Forbes}}</ref><ref name="Sports teams">{{cite news. |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2013/07/15/real-madrid-tops-the-worlds-most-valuable-sports-teams/ | title=Real Madrid Tops The World's Most Valuable Sports Teams |date=15 July 2013 |accessdate=13 December 2013 |agency=Forbes| first=Kurt | last=Badenhausen}}</ref> The club is one of the most widely supported teams in the world.<ref>[https://azscore.ng/football/leagues/europe/uefa-champions-league UEFA Champions League] </ref><ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport". p. 65. Routledge,</ref> Real Madrid is one of three founding members of [[La Liga]] that have [[List of unrelegated association football clubs|never been relegated]] from the top division since its inception in 1929, along with [[Athletic Bilbao]] and [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]. The club holds many long-standing rivalries, most notably ''[[El Clásico]]'' with Barcelona and ''[[Madrid Derby|El Derbi]]'' with [[Atlético Madrid]]. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Champions League A 16.JPG|Champions League A 16 File:Bernabeu en un Madrid-Atleti.JPG|Bernabeu en un Madrid-Atleti </gallery> ==Manazarta== <references/> {{DEFAULTSORT:FC, Real Madrid}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] g0i0g6l99b5485gzde6p7lkls7zr6zy 0 10211 892884 823906 2026-08-08T10:25:58Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Long khanh fallen.jpg|thumb|Yakin Duniya]] [[File:Willem van de Velde II - Dutch men-o'-war and other shipping in a calm.jpg|thumb|Ayarin Sojin Holland]] [[File:A Finnish Maxim M-32 machine gun nest during the Winter War.jpg|thumb|Sojoji sun yi kwantan bauna]] '''Yaƙin Duniya na I''' da turanci ''World War I'' (ana kintse sunan '''WWI''' ko '''WW1'''), kuma ana kiran shi da ''First World War'' da turanci wato '''Yaƙin Duniya na Farko''' kuma '''''Great''' War'' wato '''Babban Yaƙi''',wani yaƙin Duniya ne da ya faro daga nahiyar [[Turai]] wanda aka fara tun daga 28 ga watan Juli na shekara ta alif ɗari 1914 har zuwa 11 ga watan Nuwanban shekarar 1918. Wanda kuma ayanzu ake danganta shi da suna ''"the war to end all wars"'' wato ''Yaƙin da zai tsaida Yaƙoƙi'',<ref>{{cite news |date=10 November 1998 |title=The war to end all wars |publisher=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1998/10/98/world_war_i/198172.stm}}</ref> ya kai ga hada fiye da miliyan 70&nbsp;million na [[ma'aikatan soja]], da miliyan 60 na Turawa, wanda yasa yazama ɗaya daga cikin babban yaƙi ɗaya daga cikin yaƙin da aka rasa rayuka da dama a tarihi, an kuma ƙiyasta kusan mutane miliyan 9 [[Mayaƙa]] aka rasa da miliyan 7 na farin hula waɗanda suka mutu sanadiyar yaƙin, wanda ya haifar da kisan kiyashi da cutar wa. Kuma yayi sanadiyar rasa rayukan Mutane miliyan 50 zuwa 100 a duniya baki ɗaya.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Rachel |title=Dual Threat: The Spanish Influenza and World War I |date=2014 |publisher=Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange |location=University of Tennessee Thesis |pages=4–10 |url=https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2761&context=utk_chanhonoproj |accessdate=10 September 2018 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029163914/https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F&httpsredir=1&article=2761&context=utk_chanhonoproj |url-status=dead }}</ref> A 28 ga Yunin shekarar 1914, Gavrilo Princip, wani ɗan ƙasar [[Yugoslavia]], ya kashe Archduke Franz Ferdinand wanda shine magajin Archduke Franz Ferdinand a garin Sarajevo, hakan ya haifar da rikkicin watan Yuli.<ref name="AJPT2"> harvnb |Taylor |1998 |pp=80–93}}</ref> akan mayar da martani, a 23 Yuli Wanda amsar da ƙasar Serbia ta bayar bai gamsar da [[Austriya]] ba, yasa suka shiga yaƙi tsakanin su. Haɗakar ƙawance ya faɗaɗa rikicin akan wani ɗan tattaunawa ne tsakanin mutum biyu a Balkans zuwa ga babban rikici da ya game yawancin nahiyar [[Turai]]. A July na shekarar 1914, [[great powers]] dake Turai sun rabu zuwa haɗaka daban-daban: akwai [[Triple Entente]]—wanda ta haɗa da [[French Third Republic|France]], [[Russian Empire|Russia]] da [[British Empire|Britain]] aciki— da kuma [[Triple Alliance (1882)|Triple Alliance]] na [[German Empire|Germany]], [[Austria-Hungary]] da kuma [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] (wanda Triple Alliance sun kasance masu kariya ne, sun bar ƙasar Italiya ta fita daga yaƙin a shekara ta 1914).<ref name="Seymour">{{cite book |title=The Diplomatic Background of the War |author=Charles Seymour |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |year=1916 |pages=35, 147}}</ref> Rasha ta kasa yin abunda yakama ce ta, na kare Serbia da, bayan Austria-Hungary shelled da babban birnin Serbiya [[Belgrade]] a 28th, an yarda da haɗaka.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lieven |first1=Dominic |title=Towards the Flame: Empire, War and the End of Tsarist Russia |date=2016 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0141399744 |page=326}}</ref> Babban haɗakar da Rasha tayi, ta bayyana shi ne a yammacin 30 July; a 31st, Austria-Hungary da Germany suma suka yi haka, sai ita kuma Germany ta nema Rasha data rushe haɗakarta acikin awanni goma sha biyu (12 hours).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Martel |first1=Gordon |title=The Month that Changed the World: July 1914 and WWI |date=2014 |publisher=OUP |location=6286 |edition=Kindle |ref=B00K79UOPK}}</ref> itakuma Rasha taƙi bin wannan umurni, wanda hakan yasa Germany ta ƙaddamar da yaƙi a farkon (1) watan Augusta domin taimakon Austria-Hungary, a tareda Austria-Hungary following suit on 6th; sai ƙasar Faransa ta umurce cikakkiyar haɗaka domin taimakawa Rasha a biyu ga watan Agusta.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Le Président de la République, R. [Raymond] Poincaré et al., 'A La Nation Française' |journal=Journal Officiel de la République Française |date=2 August 1914 |pages=7053–7054 |url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/digitized-books/world-war-i-declarations/ww1-gazettes/France-doc-3-OCR-SPLIT.pdf |accessdate=26 August 2018}}</ref> Dabarun ƙasar Jamus na gabza yaƙi akan Faransa da Rasha shine ta tattara sojoji a yamma waɗanda zasu yi galaba akan France cikin makonni huɗu, sannan kuma ta aika da sojojin Gabas dan gabzawa da Rasha kafin ta gama shiryawa; wanan dabarar ce akasa wa suna [[Schlieffen Plan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zuber |first1=Terence |title=Inventing the Schlieffen Plan: German War Planning 1871–1914 |date=2011 |publisher=OUP |isbn=978-0198718055 |pages=46–49 |edition=2014}}</ref> A biyu ga watan August, Germany ta nemi hanya da zata riƙa wucewa ta kasar Belgium, itace muhimmin samun nasara akan Faransa.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Note Given 2 August 1914, at 19 hours, by M. de Below Saleske [Klaus von Below-Saleske], Minister of Germany, to M. Davignon, Minister of Foreign Affairs] |title=Documents Diplomatiques 1914: La Guerre Européenne Diplomatic Documents 1914: The European War |date=1914 |publisher=Ministère des Affaires Étrangères (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) |page=201 |url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/digitized-books/world-war-i-declarations/ww1-gazettes/Belgium-1-OCR.pdf |accessdate=26 August 2018}}</ref> bayan kin hakan, sai domin Jamus ta farwa ƙasar Belgium da safiyar ukun Augusta, kuma suka kaddamar da yaki a Faransa a wannan rana; the Belgian government invoked the [[Treaty of London (1839)|1839 Treaty of London]] and in compliance with its obligations under this, Britaniyasuka kaddamar da yaki akan Jamus (Germany ) a ranar hudu ga watan Agusta. A shabiyu ga watan Agusta, Burtaniya da Faransa suka kaddamar da yaki akan Austria-Hungary; a 23rd, [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] sided with the Entente, seizing German possessions in [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]] and the Pacific. In November 1914, the [[Ottoman Empire]] entered the war on the side of the Alliance, opening fronts in the [[Caucasus Campaign|Caucasus]], [[Mesopotamian campaign|Mesopotamia]] and the [[Sinai and Palestine Campaign|Sinai Peninsula]]. The war was fought in and drew upon each powers' colonial empires as well, spreading the conflict to [[African theatre of World War I|Africa]] and across the globe. The Entente and its allies would eventually become known as the [[Allies of World War I|Allied Powers]], while the grouping of Austria-Hungary, Germany and their allies would become known as the [[Central Powers]]. The German advance into France was halted at the [[First Battle of the Marne|Battle of the Marne]] and by the end of 1914, the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] settled into a [[battle of attrition]], marked by a long series of [[trench warfare|trench lines]] that changed little until 1917 (the [[Eastern Front (World War I)|Eastern Front]], by contrast, was marked by much greater exchanges of territory). In 1915, Italy joined the Allied Powers and opened a [[Alpine Front|front in the Alps]]. The [[Kingdom of Bulgaria]] joined the Central Powers in 1915 and the [[Kingdom of Greece]] joined the Allies in 1917, expanding the [[Balkans Campaign (World War I)|war in the Balkans]]. The United States initially remained neutral, though it was an important supplier of war material to the Allies. However, after the sinking of American merchant ships by German submarines, and [[Zimmermann Telegram|the revelation]] that the Germans were trying to incite Mexico to make war on the United States, the [[American entry into World War I|U.S. declared war on Germany]] on 6 April 1917. Trained American forces would not begin arriving at the front in large numbers until mid-1918, but ultimately the [[American Expeditionary Forces|American Expeditionary Force]] would reach some two million troops.<ref>Edward M. Coffman, ''The War to End All Wars: The American Military Experience in World War I'' (1998)</ref> Though [[Serbian Campaign of World War I|Serbia was defeated in 1915]], and [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] joined the Allied Powers in 1916 [[Romania during World War I|only to be defeated in 1917]], none of the great powers were knocked out of the war until 1918. The 1917 [[February Revolution]] in Russia replaced the [[Tsarist autocracy]] with the [[Russian Provisional Government|Provisional Government]], but continuing discontent at the cost of the war led to the [[October Revolution]], the creation of the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Socialist Republic]], and the signing of the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]] by the new government in March 1918, ending Russia's involvement in the war. This allowed the transfer of large numbers of German troops from the East to the Western Front, resulting in the [[Spring Offensive|German March 1918 Offensive]]. This offensive was initially successful, but the Allies rallied and drove the Germans back in their [[Hundred Days Offensive]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sheffield |first1=Gary |title=Forgotten Victory |date=2002 |publisher=Review |isbn=978-0747271574 |page=251}}</ref> Bulgaria was the first Central Power to sign an armistice—the [[Armistice of Salonica]] on 29 September 1918. On 30 October, the Ottoman Empire capitulated, signing the [[Armistice of Mudros]].<ref name="indiana.edu-1918" /> On 4 November, the Austro-Hungarian empire agreed to the [[Armistice of Villa Giusti]]. With its allies defeated, [[German Revolution of 1918–19|revolution]] at home, and the military no longer willing to fight, [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Kaiser Wilhelm]] abdicated on 9 November and Germany signed an [[Armistice of 11 November 1918|armistice on 11 November 1918]]. World War I was a significant turning point in the political, cultural, economic, and social climate of the world. The war [[Aftermath of World War I|and its immediate aftermath]] sparked numerous [[Revolutions of 1917–1923|revolutions and uprisings]]. The [[The Big Four (World War I)|Big Four]] (Britain, France, the United States, and Italy) imposed their terms on the defeated powers in a series of treaties agreed at the 1919 [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|Paris Peace Conference]], the most well known being the German peace treaty—the [[Treaty of Versailles]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gerwath |first1=Robert |title=The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End, 1917–1923 |date=2016 |publisher=Penguin |location=3323–3342 |isbn=978-0141976372 |edition=Kindle}}</ref> Ultimately, as a result of the war the Austro-Hungarian, German, Ottoman, and Russian Empires ceased to exist, with numerous new states created from their remains. However, despite the conclusive Allied victory (and the creation of the [[League of Nations]] during the Peace Conference, intended to prevent future wars), a [[World War II|Second World War]] would follow just over twenty years later. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} f2ezqr02jb09knt5jszi5uuylryf5f6 892885 892884 2026-08-08T10:26:18Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Long khanh fallen.jpg|thumb|Yakin Duniya]] [[File:Willem van de Velde II - Dutch men-o'-war and other shipping in a calm.jpg|thumb|Ayarin Sojin Holland]] [[File:A Finnish Maxim M-32 machine gun nest during the Winter War.jpg|thumb|Sojoji sun yi kwantan bauna]] '''Yaƙin Duniya na I''' da turanci ''World War I'' (ana kintse sunan '''WWI''' ko '''WW1'''), kuma ana kiran shi da ''First World War'' da turanci wato '''Yaƙin Duniya na Farko''' kuma '''''Great''' War'' wato '''Babban Yaƙi''',wani yaƙin Duniya ne da ya faro daga nahiyar [[Turai]] wanda aka fara tun daga 28 ga watan Juli na shekara ta alif ɗari 1914 har zuwa 11 ga watan Nuwanban shekarar 1918. Wanda kuma ayanzu ake danganta shi da suna ''"the war to end all wars"'' wato ''Yaƙin da zai tsaida Yaƙoƙi'',<ref>{{cite news |date=10 November 1998 |title=The war to end all wars |publisher=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1998/10/98/world_war_i/198172.stm}}</ref> ya kai ga hada fiye da miliyan 70&nbsp;million na [[ma'aikatan soja]], da miliyan 60 na Turawa, wanda yasa yazama ɗaya daga cikin babban yaƙi ɗaya daga cikin yaƙin da aka rasa rayuka da dama a tarihi, an kuma ƙiyasta kusan mutane miliyan 9 [[Mayaƙa]] aka rasa da miliyan 7 na farin hula waɗanda suka mutu sanadiyar yaƙin, wanda ya haifar da kisan kiyashi da cutar wa. Kuma yayi sanadiyar rasa rayukan Mutane miliyan 50 zuwa 100 a duniya baki ɗaya.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Rachel |title=Dual Threat: The Spanish Influenza and World War I |date=2014 |publisher=Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange |location=University of Tennessee Thesis |pages=4–10 |url=https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2761&context=utk_chanhonoproj |accessdate=10 September 2018 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029163914/https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F&httpsredir=1&article=2761&context=utk_chanhonoproj |url-status=dead }}</ref> A 28 ga Yunin shekarar 1914, Gavrilo Princip, wani ɗan ƙasar [[Yugoslavia]], ya kuma kashe Archduke Franz Ferdinand wanda shine magajin Archduke Franz Ferdinand a garin Sarajevo, hakan ya haifar da rikkicin watan Yuli.<ref name="AJPT2"> harvnb |Taylor |1998 |pp=80–93}}</ref> akan mayar da martani, a 23 Yuli Wanda amsar da ƙasar Serbia ta bayar bai gamsar da [[Austriya]] ba, yasa suka shiga yaƙi tsakanin su. Haɗakar ƙawance ya faɗaɗa rikicin akan wani ɗan tattaunawa ne tsakanin mutum biyu a Balkans zuwa ga babban rikici da ya game yawancin nahiyar [[Turai]]. A July na shekarar 1914, [[great powers]] dake Turai sun rabu zuwa haɗaka daban-daban: akwai [[Triple Entente]]—wanda ta haɗa da [[French Third Republic|France]], [[Russian Empire|Russia]] da [[British Empire|Britain]] aciki— da kuma [[Triple Alliance (1882)|Triple Alliance]] na [[German Empire|Germany]], [[Austria-Hungary]] da kuma [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] (wanda Triple Alliance sun kasance masu kariya ne, sun bar ƙasar Italiya ta fita daga yaƙin a shekara ta 1914).<ref name="Seymour">{{cite book |title=The Diplomatic Background of the War |author=Charles Seymour |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |year=1916 |pages=35, 147}}</ref> Rasha ta kasa yin abunda yakama ce ta, na kare Serbia da, bayan Austria-Hungary shelled da babban birnin Serbiya [[Belgrade]] a 28th, an yarda da haɗaka.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lieven |first1=Dominic |title=Towards the Flame: Empire, War and the End of Tsarist Russia |date=2016 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0141399744 |page=326}}</ref> Babban haɗakar da Rasha tayi, ta bayyana shi ne a yammacin 30 July; a 31st, Austria-Hungary da Germany suma suka yi haka, sai ita kuma Germany ta nema Rasha data rushe haɗakarta acikin awanni goma sha biyu (12 hours).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Martel |first1=Gordon |title=The Month that Changed the World: July 1914 and WWI |date=2014 |publisher=OUP |location=6286 |edition=Kindle |ref=B00K79UOPK}}</ref> itakuma Rasha taƙi bin wannan umurni, wanda hakan yasa Germany ta ƙaddamar da yaƙi a farkon (1) watan Augusta domin taimakon Austria-Hungary, a tareda Austria-Hungary following suit on 6th; sai ƙasar Faransa ta umurce cikakkiyar haɗaka domin taimakawa Rasha a biyu ga watan Agusta.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Le Président de la République, R. [Raymond] Poincaré et al., 'A La Nation Française' |journal=Journal Officiel de la République Française |date=2 August 1914 |pages=7053–7054 |url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/digitized-books/world-war-i-declarations/ww1-gazettes/France-doc-3-OCR-SPLIT.pdf |accessdate=26 August 2018}}</ref> Dabarun ƙasar Jamus na gabza yaƙi akan Faransa da Rasha shine ta tattara sojoji a yamma waɗanda zasu yi galaba akan France cikin makonni huɗu, sannan kuma ta aika da sojojin Gabas dan gabzawa da Rasha kafin ta gama shiryawa; wanan dabarar ce akasa wa suna [[Schlieffen Plan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zuber |first1=Terence |title=Inventing the Schlieffen Plan: German War Planning 1871–1914 |date=2011 |publisher=OUP |isbn=978-0198718055 |pages=46–49 |edition=2014}}</ref> A biyu ga watan August, Germany ta nemi hanya da zata riƙa wucewa ta kasar Belgium, itace muhimmin samun nasara akan Faransa.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Note Given 2 August 1914, at 19 hours, by M. de Below Saleske [Klaus von Below-Saleske], Minister of Germany, to M. Davignon, Minister of Foreign Affairs] |title=Documents Diplomatiques 1914: La Guerre Européenne Diplomatic Documents 1914: The European War |date=1914 |publisher=Ministère des Affaires Étrangères (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) |page=201 |url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/digitized-books/world-war-i-declarations/ww1-gazettes/Belgium-1-OCR.pdf |accessdate=26 August 2018}}</ref> bayan kin hakan, sai domin Jamus ta farwa ƙasar Belgium da safiyar ukun Augusta, kuma suka kaddamar da yaki a Faransa a wannan rana; the Belgian government invoked the [[Treaty of London (1839)|1839 Treaty of London]] and in compliance with its obligations under this, Britaniyasuka kaddamar da yaki akan Jamus (Germany ) a ranar hudu ga watan Agusta. A shabiyu ga watan Agusta, Burtaniya da Faransa suka kaddamar da yaki akan Austria-Hungary; a 23rd, [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] sided with the Entente, seizing German possessions in [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]] and the Pacific. In November 1914, the [[Ottoman Empire]] entered the war on the side of the Alliance, opening fronts in the [[Caucasus Campaign|Caucasus]], [[Mesopotamian campaign|Mesopotamia]] and the [[Sinai and Palestine Campaign|Sinai Peninsula]]. The war was fought in and drew upon each powers' colonial empires as well, spreading the conflict to [[African theatre of World War I|Africa]] and across the globe. The Entente and its allies would eventually become known as the [[Allies of World War I|Allied Powers]], while the grouping of Austria-Hungary, Germany and their allies would become known as the [[Central Powers]]. The German advance into France was halted at the [[First Battle of the Marne|Battle of the Marne]] and by the end of 1914, the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] settled into a [[battle of attrition]], marked by a long series of [[trench warfare|trench lines]] that changed little until 1917 (the [[Eastern Front (World War I)|Eastern Front]], by contrast, was marked by much greater exchanges of territory). In 1915, Italy joined the Allied Powers and opened a [[Alpine Front|front in the Alps]]. The [[Kingdom of Bulgaria]] joined the Central Powers in 1915 and the [[Kingdom of Greece]] joined the Allies in 1917, expanding the [[Balkans Campaign (World War I)|war in the Balkans]]. The United States initially remained neutral, though it was an important supplier of war material to the Allies. However, after the sinking of American merchant ships by German submarines, and [[Zimmermann Telegram|the revelation]] that the Germans were trying to incite Mexico to make war on the United States, the [[American entry into World War I|U.S. declared war on Germany]] on 6 April 1917. Trained American forces would not begin arriving at the front in large numbers until mid-1918, but ultimately the [[American Expeditionary Forces|American Expeditionary Force]] would reach some two million troops.<ref>Edward M. Coffman, ''The War to End All Wars: The American Military Experience in World War I'' (1998)</ref> Though [[Serbian Campaign of World War I|Serbia was defeated in 1915]], and [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] joined the Allied Powers in 1916 [[Romania during World War I|only to be defeated in 1917]], none of the great powers were knocked out of the war until 1918. The 1917 [[February Revolution]] in Russia replaced the [[Tsarist autocracy]] with the [[Russian Provisional Government|Provisional Government]], but continuing discontent at the cost of the war led to the [[October Revolution]], the creation of the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Socialist Republic]], and the signing of the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]] by the new government in March 1918, ending Russia's involvement in the war. This allowed the transfer of large numbers of German troops from the East to the Western Front, resulting in the [[Spring Offensive|German March 1918 Offensive]]. This offensive was initially successful, but the Allies rallied and drove the Germans back in their [[Hundred Days Offensive]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sheffield |first1=Gary |title=Forgotten Victory |date=2002 |publisher=Review |isbn=978-0747271574 |page=251}}</ref> Bulgaria was the first Central Power to sign an armistice—the [[Armistice of Salonica]] on 29 September 1918. On 30 October, the Ottoman Empire capitulated, signing the [[Armistice of Mudros]].<ref name="indiana.edu-1918" /> On 4 November, the Austro-Hungarian empire agreed to the [[Armistice of Villa Giusti]]. With its allies defeated, [[German Revolution of 1918–19|revolution]] at home, and the military no longer willing to fight, [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Kaiser Wilhelm]] abdicated on 9 November and Germany signed an [[Armistice of 11 November 1918|armistice on 11 November 1918]]. World War I was a significant turning point in the political, cultural, economic, and social climate of the world. The war [[Aftermath of World War I|and its immediate aftermath]] sparked numerous [[Revolutions of 1917–1923|revolutions and uprisings]]. The [[The Big Four (World War I)|Big Four]] (Britain, France, the United States, and Italy) imposed their terms on the defeated powers in a series of treaties agreed at the 1919 [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|Paris Peace Conference]], the most well known being the German peace treaty—the [[Treaty of Versailles]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gerwath |first1=Robert |title=The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End, 1917–1923 |date=2016 |publisher=Penguin |location=3323–3342 |isbn=978-0141976372 |edition=Kindle}}</ref> Ultimately, as a result of the war the Austro-Hungarian, German, Ottoman, and Russian Empires ceased to exist, with numerous new states created from their remains. However, despite the conclusive Allied victory (and the creation of the [[League of Nations]] during the Peace Conference, intended to prevent future wars), a [[World War II|Second World War]] would follow just over twenty years later. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 3cnbl3ar195c5znrfkta2d1z59pk2bz 0 13757 892784 322094 2026-08-08T08:22:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oluremi Oyo''' OON (An haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar 1952 kuma ta mutu a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 2014) yar' jarida ce a [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] kuma tsohuwar manajan darakta a [[Hukumar Labarai ta Najeriya|Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Najeriya]] Kuma itace mai taimakawa tsohon shugaban kasar Najeriya [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] akan watsa labarai.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://icirnigeria.org/former-managing-director-of-nan-oluremi-oyo-is-dead/|title=Former Managing Director of NAN, Oluremi Oyo Is Dead ‹ International Centre for Investigative Reporting|publisher=|accessdate=4 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://saharareporters.com/2014/10/02/former-president-obasanjo%E2%80%99s-spokesperson-remi-oyo-dies-62|title=Former President Obasanjo’s spokesperson, Remi Oyo, Dies At 62 {{!}} Sahara Reporters|last=siteadmin|date=2014-10-02|work=Sahara Reporters|access-date=2017-12-22}}</ref> == Farkon rayuwa da aiki == Remi Oyo an haife ta ne a cikin shekarar 1954 a [[Ilorin]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Jihar Kwara]], arewacin tsakiyar [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Ta halarci [[Jami'ar Legas]] ta sami digiri na farko a fannin sadarwa da aikin jarida.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/jonathan-obasanjo-mark-others-extol-remi-oyo-s-virtues-mourn-her-passing/190453/|publisher=Thisday|title=Jonathan, Obasanjo, Mark, others extol Remi Oyo's Virtues, Mourn her|access-date=2020-05-27|archive-date=2015-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411002934/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/jonathan-obasanjo-mark-others-extol-remi-oyo-s-virtues-mourn-her-passing/190453/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta kasance kakakin shugaban kasa [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], tsohon shugaban [[Nijeriya|tarayyar Najeriya]] (2003-2007)..<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/2014/10/02/former-president-obasanjo%E2%80%99s-spokesperson-remi-oyo-dies-62|title=Former President Obasanjo’s spokesperson, Remi Oyo, Dies At 62|date=October 2, 2014|website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref> Ta mutu a [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] a 1 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar 2014, bayan ta yi rashin nasara a kansa da cutar kansa An binne ta ne a makabartar Yaba, a jihar Legas Najeriya. An nada Oyoamatsayin Managing Director na News Agency na Nageriya a watan Juli shekarar 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.irinnews.org/report/47551/liberia-sierra-leone-interpol-warrant-for-taylor-illegal-says-defence-lawyer|title=IRIN Africa - LIBERIA-SIERRA LEONE: Interpol warrant for Taylor illegal, says defence lawyer - Liberia - Sierra Leone - Conflict|work=IRINnews|accessdate=4 October 2014}}{{Dead link|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3293613.stm|title=BBC NEWS - Africa - Nigeria rules out Taylor arrest|publisher=|accessdate=4 October 2014}}</ref> Oyo ba memba bace na kowane irin kongiyar jinsi na kungiyar yan'jarida. Tana da ganin cewa kwarewa da ilimi da kokarin mutuum sune zasu bayyana shi bawai wata kungiya ba, koda ko waye mutuum namiji ko mace. Takan kira kanta a koda yaushe da suna ‘pressman’.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/mum-was-the-force-that-held-us-together-oluremi-oyos-son/|title=Mum was the force that held us together – Oluremi Oyo’s son}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/168926-breaking-oluremi-oyo-dies.html|title=Oluremi Oyo, former News Agency of Nigeria boss dies - Premium Times Nigeria|date=October 2, 2014}}</ref>. Ta mutu a [[United Kingdom]] a watan October 1,shekarar 2014, bayan fama data tayi da cutar cancer<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=84406m|publisher=The Sun|title=Remi Oyo is dead|date=October 3, 2014|accessdate=November 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africanewshub.com/news/2020759-my-last-moment-with-remi-oyo-in-uk-hospital-nephew|title=My last moment with Remi Oyo in UK hospital – Nephew :: The Nation|publisher=|accessdate=4 October 2014|archive-date=6 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006143947/http://www.africanewshub.com/news/2020759-my-last-moment-with-remi-oyo-in-uk-hospital-nephew|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ereporter.com.ng/index.php/national-news/item/228-president-jonathan-mourns-ex-nan-boss-remi-oyo|title=President Jonathan Mourns Ex-Nan Boss, Remi Oyo|publisher=|accessdate=4 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006114007/http://www.ereporter.com.ng/index.php/national-news/item/228-president-jonathan-mourns-ex-nan-boss-remi-oyo|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> She was laid to rest at the Yaba Cemetery, Lagos<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=87780|title=Tears, tributes as Remi Oyo is buried in Lagos|publisher=The Sun|date=October 25, 2014|accessdate=November 14, 2014}}</ref> == Kyautuka da martabawa == * Ta karbi kyautar National Council of Catholic Women Organisation of Nigeria merit award.<ref>{{cite web |title=Former Obasanjo's Media Aide, Oluremi Oyo Dies Of Cancer In UK |url=http://www.africanexaminer.com/former-obasanjos-media-aide-oluremi-oyo-dies-of-cancer-in-uk |website=African Examiner |accessdate=22 May 2020 |date=2 October 2014 |archive-date=12 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112183631/http://www.africanexaminer.com/former-obasanjos-media-aide-oluremi-oyo-dies-of-cancer-in-uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * She was Fellow of the Nigerian Guild of Editors (NGE), Nigerian Institute of Management (NIM), and the Nigerian Institute of Public Administrators<ref name="auto"/> * Oyo an bata kyat a national award of Officer of the Order of Niger, OON, in 2006. <ref name="auto"/> * Oyo an bata kyauta a Fellow of the Nigerian Guild of Editors and the first female president of the Guild, she also served as the Senior Special Assistant to President Olusegun Obasanjo for media and publicity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndr.org.ng/remi-oyos-death-another-blow-to-the-media-ipc/|title=Remi Oyo’s Death: Another blow to the Media – IPC – Nigerian Democratic Report}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplatformnigeria.com/sites/2012/oct/mrs-oluremi-oyo/|title=Mrs. Oluremi Oyo}}</ref> == A duba kuma== *[[Olusegun Obasanjo]] *[[Moji Makanjuola]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Oyo, Oluremi}} fasav1viz0kh1jk91dm3a0sqc2noyh0 0 15916 892801 542111 2026-08-08T09:51:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Owen Omogiafo.jpg|thumb|Owen Omogiafo]] '''Owen D. Omogiafo''' (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga watan mayu na shekarar 1980) Babbar Jami'ar Harkokin Kasuwancin Nijeriya, Mai tsarawa da Ƙwarewar Dan Adam. Ita ce Shugaba da kuma Babbar Darakta na [https://transcorpnigeria.com/ Kamfanin Transnational Corporation of Nigeria Plc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119212932/http://transcorpnigeria.com/ |date=2020-11-19 }} (Transcorp) babbar ƙungiya tare da saka hannun jari mai ma'ana a cikin wutar lantarki, baƙuwa da [[Man fetur|Man Fetur]]. Lokacin da aka nada ta a cikin rawar a watan Maris na shekarar 2020, ita ce mafi kankantar Shugaba a Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta Nijeriya sannan kuma ita ce mace mafi karancin shekaru da mace ta farko da ta fara aiki a Transcorp.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nairametrics.com/2020/02/12/transcorp-group-announces-significant-new-executive-and-non-executive-board-appointments/|title=Transcorp Group announces significant new executive and non-executive board appointments|website=Nairametrics}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/20174060|title= Owen Diana Omogiafo - President/CEO, Transnational Corp of Nigeria|website=Bloomberg}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legit.ng/1302179-owen-omogiafo-meet-woman-leads-biggest-firms-africa.html|title=Owen Omogiafo: Meet woman who leads one of the biggest firms in Africa|website=Legit|access-date=2020-11-17|archive-date=2020-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922041813/https://www.legit.ng/1302179-owen-omogiafo-meet-woman-leads-biggest-firms-africa.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Owen memba ce na kwamitin amintattu na ƙungiyar kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki (APGC) a Najeriya, kungiya ce ta kamfanonin samar da wutar da ke wakiltar bukatun masu ci gaba da kuma masu aiki da cibiyoyin samar da makamashi mai zaman kanta . Tana rike da muƙamin Babban Darakta a kamfanoni daban-daban da suka hada da Transcorp Power Limited, Transcorp Hotels Plc da Avon Healthcare Limited, inda ta zauna a kwamitin kudi, da saka hannun jari & Hadarin, da kuma kwamitin binciken kudi da mulki. A shekarar 2019 an sake tantance ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Shugabannin Mata 100 a Afirka ta hanyar Reset Global People kuma a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Matan Nijeriya a cikin Corpoasashen Najeriyar ta Shugabannin Matan Afirka. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Owen a ranar 28 ga watan Mayu, na shekarar 1980, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Ta halarci Jami'ar Benin, inda ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a aji na biyu (girmamawa biyu) a cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam da ilimin halayyar dan adam. Tana da digiri na biyu na Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Gudanar da Harkokin Dan Adam daga Makarantar Tattalin Arziki da Kimiyyar Siyasa ta Landan kuma tsoffin daliban Makarantar Kasuwancin Legas ne da IESE Business School, Spain. Har ila yau, memba ce a Cibiyar Nazarin Ma'aikata da Ci Gaban Kasa, Burtaniya da kuma Manajan Canjin Canja tare da Cibiyar Prosci, Amurka. Ita memba ce a Cibiyar Daraktoci (IoD) Nijeriya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.proshareng.com/news/People/TRANSCORP-Plc-Appoints-Mrs-Owen-Omogiafo-as-an-Executive-Director/40490/|title=TRANSCORP Plc Appoints Mrs Owen Omogiafo as an Executive Director|website=Proshare}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Owen ya yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban ciki har da matsayin Darakta na Albarkatun Dan Adam a Kamfanin Magaji, Shugaban Ma’aikata, Mai ba da shawara kan Harkokin Ɗan Adam ga GMD / Shugaba a Bankin United Bank for Africa (UBA) da kuma matsayin Kungiya da mai ba da shawara kan ayyukan dan Adam a Accenture, ƙwararriya kan Canji. Gudanarwa. . === Farkon aiki === Aikin Owen na farko ya fara ne a Stockbroking kuma daga baya, ta koma Banki inda ta gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban da suka shafi Ayyuka, Gudanar da Ingancin Sabis da Kula da Alaƙar. Kafin ta shiga UBA, ta yi aiki tare da Accenture inda ta rufe ayyuka da dama da kuma kwastomomi da suka shafi Kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da na Jama'a da masana'antu daban-daban. === Mallakin kamfanin Holdings Limited da Tony Elumelu Foundation === A matsayin ta na ma'aikacin magaji, Owen yayi aiki a wurare daban-daban ciki harda matsayin Daraktan Albarkatun, wanda ke da alhakin kafa tsare-tsaren mutum mafi kyau da kuma hada-hada da injina da kuma turawa a cikin Heungiyar Magaji. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa a Gidauniyar Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF), inda, tare da Babban Darakta da Hukumar, ta kula da shirin na $ 100m da nufin ganowa, jagoranci, da kuma tallafawa 'yan kasuwa 10,000 a cikin shekaru 10. === Kamfanin Transnational Corporation of Nigeria Plc (Transcorp) === Ta shiga Transcorp a matsayin Babban Darakta, Ayyuka na Kamfanin a watan Yulin na shekarar 2018, sannan daga baya aka nada ta a matsayin Manajan Darakta kuma Babban Darakta na Transcorp Hotels Plc, wanda ke jagorantar gudanar da aiki na kamfanin na kamfanin Transcorp Hilton Abuja da Transcorp Hotels Calabar. A watan Maris na shekarar 2020, an sanar da ita a matsayin Shugaba / Babban Darakta na Transcorp == Rayuwar mutum == Owen ya auri Osato Omogiafo kuma sun sami 'ya'ya uku. == Daraja == Ta sami lambobin yabo da yawa ciki har da: * Business Day (Nigeria) Women’s Hub – 50 Most Inspiring Nigerian Women * Leading Ladies Africa - 50 Leading Ladies in Corporate Nigeria * YNaija - Power List for Corporate Nigeria 2018 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mata a Najeriya]] [[Category:Mata da suka kafa kamfani]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] frlsi8xhkvrvjafjl57i33qbohcwwej 0 16400 892736 739470 2026-08-08T05:42:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nneka Abulowe, OBE''' (''/ŋneka ˈabuːlɔːkwei/'') ita 'yar asalin Baturen Najeriya da ke kasuwanci da fasahar zamani. Ita ce ta kafa kuma Shugaba na MicroMax Consulting, kuma ɗayan farkon 'yan ƙwararrun Afro-Caribbean a Burtaniya da ke zaune a kan kujerar wata babbar ƙungiyar canjin dijital ta Turai.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://businessday.ng/women-hub/article/women-in-business-nneka-abulokwe/|title=Women in Business: Nneka Abulokwe|last1=Henry|first1=Ker|website=BusinessDay|accessdate=19 December 2019}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Sarauniya Elizabeth II ta girmama ta a matsayin Jami'in Masarautar Burtaniya (OBE) don hidimomin Kasuwanci.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201910230444.html|title=Dr Nneka Abulokwe awarded OBE by HM Queen Elizabeth II|date=2019-10-23|website=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2020-01-06|archive-date=2019-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218142100/https://allafrica.com/stories/201910230444.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haife ta a Landan ga mahaifinta dan Najeriya kuma mahaifiyarsa dan Jamaica kuma ta girma a garin Fatakwal, Najeriya. A shekarar 1991, ta yi digirinta na farko a fannin Tarihi daga Jami’ar Fatakwal. Daga baya ta samu digirinta na biyu a Jami’ar London da kuma babban digirin digirgir a fannin Kasuwanci a Jami’ar Cranfield School of Management.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201910230444.html|title=Dr Nneka Abulokwe awarded OBE by HM Queen Elizabeth II|date=2019-10-23|website=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2019-12-18|archive-date=2019-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218142100/https://allafrica.com/stories/201910230444.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Abulokwe shine wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba, MicroMax Consulting.<ref name=":0" />A cikin 2013, ta shiga kwamitin gudanarwa / kwamitin gudanarwa na Sopra Steria a matsayin babban darektan.<ref name=":1" />A shekarar 2017, Abulokwe ya zama shugaban kwamitin tantance tsarin tantance tsarin tantancewa da gudanarwa (ISACA).A matsayinta na shugabar hukumar, ta gabatar da tsarin tantance sunayen hukumar ta ayyukan gudanarwa na kamfanoni.Abulokwe ya inganta banbance-banbance da jagoranci a tsakanin gudanarwar kungiyar.<ref name=":1" />A cikin 2020 an nada ta Babban Darakta mara zartarwa, Jami'ar Cambridge, a kan Kwamitin Bincike da Hatsari da Darakta mara zartarwa na masu zaman kansu da ke goyon bayan Davies Group.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nneka_Abulokwe#cite_note-4</ref>A cikin 2022, Abulokwe an nada shi Babban Darakta mara zartarwa a kwamitin kungiyar FTSE da aka jera fitar da kayayyaki da kamfanonin sabis na kwararru, Capita.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nneka_Abulokwe#cite_note-5</ref> inda ita ce Shugaban Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Kasuwanci / Muhalli, zamantakewa da mulki (ESG).<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nneka_Abulokwe#cite_note-6</ref>An kuma nada ta mai ba da shawara na waje, Global SteerCo, Shell plc da kuma a cikin 2023 zuwa Hukumar Baƙi na Jami'ar Oxford Ashmolean Museum.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nneka_Abulokwe#cite_note-7</ref> == Kyaututtuka == A cikin 2019, Sarauniya Elizabeth II ta nada Abulokwe a matsayin Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE) don Sabis na Kasuwanci.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nneka_Abulokwe#cite_note-8</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nneka_Abulokwe#cite_note-9</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nneka_Abulokwe#cite_note-10</ref> A cikin 2018, ta kasance matsayi na huɗu a cikin Financial Times Top 100 Black Asian Minority Ethnic (BAME) Shugabannin Tech.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nneka_Abulokwe#cite_note-11</ref>Har ila yau, ta kasance cikin jerin sunayen ƙarshe na Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Mulki na Shekarar 2018 ta Cibiyar Mulki.<ref name=":0" /> A shekarar 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 Abulokwe ta kasance cikin jerin sunayen ‘Power-list 100’ a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan ‘yan kasuwa bakar fata, inda ya sanya ta cikin manyan baki 100 na Burtaniya.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nneka_Abulokwe#cite_note-12</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nneka_Abulokwe#cite_note-13</ref> An saka sunan Abulokwe cikin jerin mutane 100 mafi tasiri a Burtaniya, asalinsu 'yan Afirka da Caribbean.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nneka_Abulokwe#cite_note-14</ref> A shekarar 2021, an ba Abulokwe digirin girmamawa na Kimiyya daga Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Jami'ar Cranfield, don girmama hidimarta ga kasuwanci da masana'antu.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nneka_Abulokwe#cite_note-15</ref>An ba Abulokwe lambar yabo ta Fellowship na Cibiyar Chartered for IT, The British Computer Society, FBCS a shekarar 2014. == Manazarta == 92e1mr67pt0zu95anovjyg6t1j3izbk 0 19935 892776 816986 2026-08-08T07:24:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Obolon''' ( Ukrainian  [oboˈlɔnʲ] ( ya kasan ce wani tarihi ne a gargariyance wanda ya hada da wani yankin (masyv), tare da wasu masana'antu na shakatawa a cikin [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] 's babban birnin [[Kiev|Kyiv]] cewa an samar wuri a kan arewa, a cikin wani eponymous dake cikin Gundumar Obolonskyi (har 2001 &#x2013; Minskyi Gundumar). A yaren ''Yukreniyanci'' kalmar ''{{'}}'' ( {{Lang|uk|оболонь}} ) na nufin 'ƙaramar ƙasa kusa da kogi'<ref>[http://www.lingvo.ua/uk/Translate/uk-en/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C Ukrainian-English translation for "Оболонь" // English-Ukrainian dictionary, 2009, "Perun" publishing house // ABBYY Lingvo-Online]<br/>{{lang-uk|Українсько-англійський переклад «Оболонь» - ABBYY Lingvo-Online, Англо-український словник під загальною редакцією В'ячеслава Бусела, 2009, ВТФ "Перун", 250 тис. слів і словосполучень.}}</ref> ( ambaliyar ruwa ) ko ' makiyaya mai ambaliya ' ( Ukrainian:)).<ref>[http://www.lingvo.ua/uk/Translate/uk-uk/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C Meaning and Interpretation "Obolon"] // {{ILL|Great Dictionary of Modern Ukrainian Language|uk|Великий тлумачний словник сучасної української мови}}, 2005 "Perun" publishing house // ABBYY Lingvo-Online<br/>{{lang-uk|Значення та тлумачення «Оболонь» - ABBYY Lingvo-Online, Великий тлумачний словник сучасної української мови. Видавництво "Перун", 2005. 250 тис. слів та словосполучень.}}</ref><ref>[http://sum.in.ua/s/Obolon OBOLON]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} // {{ILL|Academic Dictionary of the Ukrainian language|uk|Академічний тлумачний словник української мови}}<br/>{{lang-uk|ОБОЛОНЬ – Академічний тлумачний словник української мови}}</ref> Kamar yadda ƙasar Obolon take yawan ambaliyar ta hanyar kogin Dnieper akwai wuraren kiwo na garin Kyiv da haymakings. == Labarin kasa == Gundumar tana cikin Kudancin Polesian Lowland, a arewacin wani yanki na yankin garin [[Kiev|Kyiv.]] An yi amfani da Dnieper din, kananan koguna, kududdufai da tabkuna a kusa da Obolon a matsayin tushen yashi don tsawan tsawa don ci gaba da ginin, ta amfani da fasaha mai cike da ruwa. <ref>[http://obolon.name/namyv-peska-na-oboloni-1970-e-gody/ The sand alluvium in Obolon, 1970. // Interesting Obolon]<br /><br />{{Lang-ru|Намыв песка на Оболони, 1970-е годы. // Интересная Оболонь}}</ref> Don haka mutane sun canza yanayin Obolon. Obolon ya keɓe daga wasu sassan garin Kyiv ta bakin kogin Dnieper tare da raƙuman ruwansa da gungun tabkuna . [[File:Bank of the Dnieper River in the Obolon area. Kiev, Ukraine.jpg|thumb|Obolon, Kyiv]] Tana iyaka da {{Interlanguage link|Opechen|uk|Озера Опечень}} tsarin tafkuna a yamma, wanda ake tsammani an kirkireshi ne a wurin da almara {{Interlanguage link|Pochaina River|uk|Почайна}} ya kasance A cikin 2016 wasu masana tarihi sun bayyana cewa kogin yana ci gaba da wanzuwa kuma yana cikin kusancin tsarin da aka ambata na tabkuna. <ref>Spivak, T. ''[http://lb.ua/society/2016/05/19/335446_vnov_obretennaya_pochayna.html The newly acquired Pochaina]''. Lb.ua. 19 May 2016</ref> Iyakar gabas ta yankin ita ce Dnieper tare da bays: the Sobache hyrlo ( ''bakin kogin Kare'' ) da kuma Obolon bay (tsoffin sunaye Starytsa, wanda za a iya fassara shi azaman tsohon kogi, ko Bratsky Staryk). Akwai Kogin Redkyne ( ''Ministerka'' ) da kuma gaɓar Verbliud ( [[Raƙumi|Rakumi]] ) a arewacin Obolon, wanda aka ƙirƙira shi ta girman faɗaɗa tafkin ''Lukove'' (Ulukovo) lokacin da ake karɓar ƙasa daga gare ta. {{Interlanguage link|Verbne Lake|uk|Вербне озеро}} <ref>[http://obolon.name/ozero-verbnoe/ Verbne Lake // Interesting Obolon]<br /><br />{{Lang-ru|Озеро Вербное // Интересная Оболонь}}</ref> ( ''Willow'' ) da kuma Vovkuvata bay suna kudu da yankin. Yankin da ke kusa da Obolon shine Redkyn Khutir, {{Interlanguage link|Minsky Masyv|uk|Мінський масив}}, {{Interlanguage link|Priorka|uk|Пріорка}}, Petrivka na Obolon Raion shima da Kurenivka, Rybalsky Ostriv na Podil Raion na [[Kiev|Kyiv]] . Ta hanyoyi, an sami yankin bayan gari: * [https://goo.gl/maps/2HkjfGES4KS2 Kilomita 10] zuwa tsakiyar garin Kyiv. * [https://goo.gl/maps/VppBhnN6DbE2 Kilomita 13] zuwa tashar tsakiyar garin - Kyiv-Pasazhyrskyi Railway Station . * [https://goo.gl/maps/E57xWEF3C9v 16 kilomita] zuwa Kyiv International Airport (Zhuliany) * [https://goo.gl/maps/z4D6xoNeXzq Kilomita 43] zuwa tashar [[Filin jirgin sama|jirgin saman]] babban birni - Filin jirgin saman Boryspil na Kasa. Akwai {{Interlanguage link|Road P69 (Ukraine)|uk|Автошлях Р 69}} ( P69, [[Kiev|Kyiv]] - Vyshhorod - Desna - Chernihiv ) suna wucewa ta yammacin ɓangare na yankin. === Nazarin taswirar tarihi === [[File:Kyev_Zakrvsky_map_04.png|thumb| Taswirar Kyiv a cikin karni na 18.]] Masanin tarihin dan kasar Ukraine {{Interlanguage link|Mykola Zakrevsky|uk|Закревський Микола Васильович}} ya zana jerin taswirar tarihi na Kyiv, tun lokacin Gimbiya Olga, karni na 20 har zuwa karni na 19. A duk maps map Obolon fara da zarar gari ta babbar katanga a kusa Podil a dama banki na {{Interlanguage link|Pochaina River|uk|Почайна}}, kusa da tashar tashar jirgin Taras Shevchenko na yanzu . A taswirar Kyiv na shekara ta 1902 wanda mai binciken filayen birni Tairov ya kirkira, Obolon an zana shi a gefen hagu na bakin Kogin Pochaina, inda yankin Rybalsky Ostriv na zamani yake. Akwai wuraren kiwo na gari da waƙoƙi waɗanda aka yiwa alama a wurin yankin Obolon na yau. Duk waɗannan filayen mallakar mallakar Kyiv ne na sashen gudanarwa a lokacin - Plosky Uchastok ( ''Плоскій Участокъ, Flat Area'' ). <ref name="1902 map">[http://toursdekiev.com.ua/files/map/kiev_map1902.jpg The map of Kyiv, 1902] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512202705/http://toursdekiev.com.ua/files/map/kiev_map1902.jpg |date=2022-05-12 }}<br /><br />{{Lang-ru|Планъ города Кіева, 1902 года}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Lokacin farko === Kewayen tarihin {{Interlanguage link|Pochaina River|uk|Почайна}}, a zamanin yau shine {{Interlanguage link|Opechen|uk|Озера Опечень}} tsarin tafkuna, an samo wuraren adana kayan tarihi na Mesolithic da Zarubintsy. An sami ragowar ƙauyuka na karni na 1 BC - 2nd AD ƙarni na 6 - 7th a Obolon. [[File:Obolon_flood_XIX_Svitoslavskiy.jpg|thumb| Ambaliyar Obolon a 1890s]] Na farkon da ya ja hankali na musamman ga Obolon shi ne ɗan tarihin Baƙi ɗan Yukren nan Volodymyr Antonovych, wanda ya sami kuɗin azurfa ɗari biyu na tagulla na Roman a can a 1876, waɗanda aka raba rabin rabin na 3 - rabin farko na ƙarni na 4. Sannan ya ba da shawarar cewa akwai sulhu a Obolon, wanda mazaunansa suka gudanar da musaya da biranen tsufa na Arewacin Baƙin Baƙin Arewa . An cigaba da binciken Obolon musamman ta hanyar Turvont Kybalchych, Mykola Biliashivsky, {{Interlanguage link|Oleksandr Ertel|uk|Ертель Олександр Дмитрович}}, AA Piantkovsky, {{Interlanguage link|Valeria Kozlovska|uk|Козловська Валерія Євгенівна}} da {{Interlanguage link|Petro Kurinny|uk|Курінний Петро Петровича}} . Kafin zamanin Kievan Rus yanki ne na Polans na Gabas. Wurin bautar Veles yana wurin a lokacin maguzawan . A lokacin Kievan Rus da Grand Duchy na Lithuania ƙasar mallakar Sarakunan Kyiv ne . Obolon sau da yawa ya zama wani wuri na fadace-fadace tare da makiyaya da kuma a lokacin 'ya'yan sarakuna ba feuds . Bayan Tarayyar Lublin wannan yankin wani yanki ne na Kyiv Voivodeship na Masarautar Masarautar Poland ta Tarayyar Poland-Lithuanian . A lokacin Cossack Hetmanate, Obolon na toungiyar {{Interlanguage link|Kyiv Regiment|uk|Київський полк}} . Obolon ta makiyaya da kuma haymakings sun sau da yawa wani abu na muhawara tsakanin Cossacks, da birni majistare, gidajen lama da sojojin na Tsardom na Muscovy a Kyiv. A lokacin Yaƙin Russo-Turkish, ana gina palisades a wurin. A cikin 1911 aka buɗe jirgin sama na Kurenivka a filayen Obolon. === Zamanin Soviet === Sakamakon Yakin Yukiren-Soviet (1917-1921) da Yakin Poland-Soviet (1919-1919) Kyiv City da kewayenta daga ƙarshe rundunar Red Army ta kama su. A shekarar 1967 aka amince da tsarin ci gaban Kyiv, gwargwadon yadda za a gina wuraren zama a yankin dausayi a bangarorin biyu na Dnieper. Don haka, ta amfani da fasaha mai cike da ruwa, а [[Yashi|yashi yashi]] mita 4-5 a tsayi an halicce shi sama da Obolon-makiyaya. A cikin 1972 - 1980 an gina babbar rukunin gidaje na rukunin hasumiya a Kyiv a Obolon. A cikin 1975 sabon rukunin gudanarwa - Minsky Raion aka kafa. Ya haɗa da rukunin gidaje na Obolon. Tunda aka sake fasalin tsarin mulki na Kyiv a 2001 Obolon suburbude mallakar mallakar Obolon Raion ne wanda aka kirkireshi akan Minsky Raion. A 1972 - 1980 akwai babbar Kyiv ta gidaje da dukiya na 9 da 16 storey hasumiya tubalan gina a cikin Obolon. Gidajen gine-ginen sune {{Interlanguage link|Grygory Slutsky|uk|Слуцький Григорій Маркович}}, {{Interlanguage link|Yurii Paskevych|uk|Паскевич Юрій Аврамович}}, {{Interlanguage link|Leonid Filenko|uk|Філенко Леонід Іванович}}, MI Kulchynsky, ZG Klebnikova da IG Verymovska. Sanannen sanannen gida ne saboda tsarin makwabtaka kamar zuma wanda aka tsara ci gaba tare da ɗakunan gidaje masu hawa da yawa masu hawa (duba gidajen jama'a ). A cikin 1980 a Obolon aka buɗe hukuma a hukumance kamfanin giya na Obolon wanda ake bikin tunawa da shi a wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1980 . == Ginin yanzu == [[File:Obolon3.jpg|thumb| Obolon Lypki yayi gini a shekarar 2009.]] Tun daga 1992 ana gina rukunin gidaje na zamani Obolon Lypki tsakanin Kogin Dnieper da {{Interlanguage link|Prospect Heroyiv Stalingradu|uk|Проспект Героїв Сталінграда (Київ)}}, wanda ya hada da tubalin hasumiya da kuma gidajen zama . An kira shi a kan kwatankwacin babbar unguwa Lypky a cikin Pechersk Raion . == Hoto == <gallery> File:View to Obolon from Drieper river.jpg|Gidajen gidaje da aka gani daga kogin File:Obolon embankment.jpg|Emaddamarwa File:Мінська площа Київ 2011 01.JPG|Minska ploshcha cityscape File:Пивзавод «Оболонь».jpg|[[Obolon (company)|Obolon]] kamfanin giya </gallery> == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://obolon.name/obolon-v-kartinkakh/ Obolon a cikin Art] * [http://tutbuv.com/?p=2733 Wasu hotunan Obolon na yanzu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503021959/http://tutbuv.com/?p=2733 |date=2021-05-03 }} == Manazarta == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fhcu4cq6zkyhv4xogz3jkpj3p8kv52a 0 20379 892703 408947 2026-08-07T23:26:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mohana Bhogaraju'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 August 2021 |title=Mohana Bhogaraju : బుల్లెట్టు బండి పాట పాడిన అమ్మాయి ఎవరో తెలుసా.. |work=[[News18]] |url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/who-is-the-singer-for-bullettu-bandi-here-are-the-details-sr-981950.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=20 August 2021 |title='బుల్లెట్టు బండి'కి అసలు సెలబ్రిటీ ఈ ఆంధ్రా పిల్లే..! |work=[[TV5 (India)]] |url=http://www.tv5news.in/tollywood/hatsoff-to-singer-mohana-bhogaraju-for-bullettu-bandi-song-769122 |access-date=2 April 2024 |archive-date=12 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250212135625/https://www.tv5news.in/tollywood/hatsoff-to-singer-mohana-bhogaraju-for-bullettu-bandi-song-769122 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=18 April 2021 |title='మోహన' గానానికి క్రేజ్‌ పెరిగిన వేళ |work=[[Eenadu]] |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/intersting-facts-about-celebrity-singer-mohana-bhogaraju/0201/121079862}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 August 2021 |title=A bride's impromptu dance goes viral, scores a hit for a new song |work=[[Business Line]] |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/a-brides-impromptu-dance-goes-viral-scores-a-hit-for-a-new-song/article36168133.ece}}</ref> mawaƙiyar [[Indiya]] ce mai kiɗan taushi. Ta yi waƙoƙi na finafinan Telugu da Tamil.<ref name="telanganatoday">{{cite web|title=Mohana Bhogaraju looks forward to a longer innings|url=https://telanganatoday.com/mohana-bhogaraju-looks-forward-to-a-longer-innings|website=telanganatoday.com|accessdate=2018-10-03}}</ref><ref name="deccanchronicle">{{cite web|title=Mohana Bhogaraju hits all the right notes!|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/280618/mohana-bhogaraju-hits-all-the-right-notes.html|website=deccanchronicle.com|accessdate=2018-10-03}}</ref> Wakar "Manohari" daga fim din ''Baahubali:'' ba wai kawai ta kwankwasa kofar karin samun dama gare ta ba ne kawai har ma ta sa ta lashe lambar yabo ta "Radio Mirchi –Mirchi Music Upcoming Female Vocalist a shekarar 2015" wadda aka ba ta a Telugu Cinema.<ref>"Mohana Bhogaraju : బుల్లెట్టు బండి పాట పాడిన అమ్మాయి ఎవరో తెలుసా." ''News18''. 4 August 2021.</ref><ref>"'బుల్లెట్టు బండి'కి అసలు సెలబ్రిటీ ఈ ఆంధ్రా పిల్లే..!". ''TV5 (India)''. 20 August 2021</ref> == Kuruciya Da Karatu == Mohana ta kammala digirinta na farko a Bhojreddy Engineering College ta kuma yi karatun digiri na biyu MBA daga Jami'ar Osmania. <ref>"'బుల్లెట్టు బండి'కి అసలు సెలబ్రిటీ ఈ ఆంధ్రా పిల్లే..!". ''TV5 (India)''. 20 August 2021</ref>Tun yarinta, Mohana koyaushe tana da sha'awar Waƙa kuma ta halarci gasanni da yawa da aka gudanar a makarantu da kuma a ɗakunan taro na ƙabilu daban-daban kamar Ravindra Bharati, Thyagaraja Ghana Sabha, da sauransu tun tana ƙarama. Ta fara waka tun tana 'yar shekara 6, mahaifiyarta ita ce mutum ta farko da ta fahimci hazakarta kuma koyaushe tana ba ta damar halartar gasar kade-kade da yawa da ake gudanarwa a wurare daban-daban.<ref>"A bride's impromptu dance goes viral, scores a hit for a new song". ''Business Line''. 29 August 2021.</ref> == Waƙoƙi == <ref>"Latest Telugu Songs 2018: Top 20 Telugu Songs, New Telugu Hit Music & Best Telugu Songs". ''radiomirchi.com''. Retrieved 3 October 2018.</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Take ! Harshe ! Daraktan kiɗa |- | 2019 | ''Sohne Sohne'' | Harshen Punjabi | Desi Routz |- | 2021 | ''Bullettu Bandi'' | Telugu | SK Baji |- |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje== * {{IMDb name|id=7448564|name=Mohana Bhogaraju}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]]   04szevs2yjfcuvv8dxs6v58nqsopvyf 0 20688 892711 460446 2026-08-08T01:59:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Mutanen '''Aro''' ko '''Arowa''' wani ƙaramin yanki ne na ƙabilar Ibo wanda ya samo asali daga masarautar [[Arochukwu]] a cikin [[Abiya|jihar Abia ta yanzu]], [[Najeriya]]. Hakanan ana iya samun Aroswa a cikin wasu ƙauyuka kimanin 250 galibi a yankin kudu maso gabashin Najeriya da yankunan da ke kusa da su. Arowa a yau an lasafta su a matsayin Inyamurai na Gabas ko Kuros Ribas saboda wurinsu, asalinsu, al'adunsu, da yare. Allahnsu, Chukwu Abiama, shine babban jigon kafa ƙungiyar hadin gwiwar Aro a matsayin yankin yanki a yankin [[Neja Delta|Niger Delta]] da Kudu maso gabashin Najeriya a lokacin karni na 18 da 19. == Asali da tarihi == Tarihin Aros ya kasance kafin hijirar Igbo da kafuwar masarautar Arochukwu. Kafin ‘yan kabilar Igbo su fara zuwa yankin Aro a karni na 17, Ibibios ya zo ne daga yankin Benue da plateau ya kafa jihohi irin su Obong Okon Ita da Ibom yamma da Kuros Riba . Hijirar Ibo karkashin jagorancin Eze Agwu da Nnachi zuwa yankin Aro sun faro ne a tsakiyar karni na 17. Waɗannan 'yan ci-rani' yan kabilar Ibo sun yi tsayayya da ɗan asalin Ibibio. Yaƙe-yaƙe na Aro-Ibibio da ƙaurawar Akpa daga gabashin gabashin Kuros Riba, sun kafa ƙasar a yayin juyawar karni na 17 zuwa ƙarni na 18. Kawancen Igbo da Akpa, sun kayar da asalin mutanen Ibibio bayan sun kwashe shekaru suna yaki. A wannan lokacin kuma man dabino da cinikin bayi ya shahara a bayan gari. Zuwa tsakiyar karni na 18, an yi kaura sosai na 'yan kasuwar Aro zuwa yankunan da ke kusa da Igbo da yankunan da ke kusa da su. Wannan hijirar, tasirin allahnsu Chukwu Abiama ta hanyar firistoci, da kuma karfin sojan su da goyan bayan kawance da wasu makwabta da ke makwabtaka da Igbo da gabashin jihohin Cross River (musamman [[Ohafia]], Abam, Ihechiowa, Abiriba, Nkporo, Afikpo, Ekoi, da sauransu) da sauri. kafa Aroungiyar Confederacy a matsayin ikon tattalin arziƙin yanki. Koyaya, mulkin mallaka na Aro ya kasance yana fuskantar barazanar shigowar Turawa, galibi [[Birtaniya|yan]] mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19. Tashin hankali daga ƙarshe ya haifar da zub da jini, kuma yaƙin Anglo-Aro ya faru daga shekarar 1901 zuwa 1902. Confungiyar Aroungiyar Aro da ƙarfi ta yi tsayayya amma daga ƙarshe ta sha kashi. Wannan ya taimaka wa Turawan ingila mamaye sauran abin da ya zama Gabashin Najeriya. == Al'adar == Aros suna da kyakkyawar al'ada. Factoraya daga cikin abubuwan shine zamantakewar Ekpe wanda yake al'umma ce mai tsarki asalin daga gabashin Kuros Riba. Theungiyar da ke da addini da kuma shari'a ta ɗauki babban matsayi a cikin al'ummar Aro. Amfani da tsarin rubutu, Nsibidi, ya dogara ne da ƙungiyoyin asiri kamar Ekpe. Uli, wani tsarin rubutu, ya faru galibi a cikin yanayin fasahar jiki. Wani lamarin kuma shine gidan ibada na Chukwu Abiama, wanda firistocin Aro suka sasanta. Sun rinjayi maƙwabta da ƙawaye kafin mamayar Birtaniyya da lalata Haikalin Chukwu Abiama da firist na Aro. Ayyukan masarufi na Ekeleke yana da mahimmanci a ƙauyukan Aro. Da aka kawo shi daga Aros da ke yammacin Neja Delta, a ƙarshe ya bazu zuwa yankin [[Oguta]] . Su ma an san su da saka shahararren zane "George". Rawar jarumar Ikperikpe ta shahara sosai tsakanin jarumawa a zamanin da kuma ana ci gaba da amfani da ita. == Mazauna mafi girma a Gabashin Najeriya == * Aro Ajatakiri: A Ikwuano, Umuahia, [[Abiya|Jihar Abia]] * Aro Achara : A cikin Ama-asa, Isiala Ngwa, [[Abiya|Jihar Abia]] . * Aro Umu Nkpe : A Isiala Ngwa, [[Abiya|Jihar Abia]] . * Aro Nbawsi : A Isiala Ngwa, [[Abiya|Jihar Abia]] . * Aro Omoba : A Isiala Ngwa, [[Abiya|Jihar Abia]] . * Aro Okporoenyi : A yankin Ikwuano na jihar Abia. * Aro Iyama : A cikin Ikwuano, yankin [[Abiya|jihar Abia]] . * Aro Amuru : A cikin Ikwuano, yankin [[Abiya|jihar Abia]] . * Aro Ndizuogu : Yankin Ideato [[Imo|na jihar Imo]] (Mafi girman dukkanin ƙauyuka). * Aro Ndi Ikerionwu : A [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]] . * Aro Ajalli : A cikin jihar Anambra. * Aro Nzerem : A cikin [[Ebonyi|jihar Ebonyi]] . * Aro Amokwe : A yankin Udi [[Enugu (jiha)|na jihar Enugu]] . * Aro Isuochi : A cikin jihar Abia. * Aro Isiokpo / Igwurita Ikwerre a [[Rivers|jihar Ribas]] . * Aro Abagana : A cikin jihar Anambra. * Aro Oru : A jihar Imo. * Aro Nempi : A jihar Imo * Aro Ngwa : A cikin jihar Abia. * Aro Ezeagu : A jihar Enugu. * Aro Achi : A cikin jihar Enugu. * Aro Oboro Ite * Aro Kalabari : A cikin jihar Ribas. * Aro Opobo : A cikin jihar Ribas. * Aro Uturu: A cikin jihar Abia * Aro Anwu Anwu : Eziukwu Durunnihe a Umudurunna ABBA Nwangele LGA Jihar Imo * Aro Okija (Ndi Ezennia Awa Okoro Orji): Jihar Anambra * Aro Egbuoma a yankin [oguta] na jihar Imo * Aro Abba, Nwangele, jihar Imo * Aro Ekwulobia * Aro Awa, Oguta, jihar Imo * [[Arochukwu]] * Aro Confederacy * Tarihin Ezi Njoku. == Manazarta == * Ka<nowiki/>http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0438/is_1_35/ai_90331352/pg_5 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041026124121/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0438/is_1_35/ai_90331352 |date=2004-10-26 }} * https://web.archive.org/web/20071009081317/http://www.aronetwork.org/others/ibini.html * https://web.archive.org/web/20070322182431/http://www.aronetwork.org/others/index.htm * https://web.archive.org/web/20060212061924/http://africanevents.com/AroChuku2003AnnualDinner.htm [[Category:Al'ummomin Nijeriya]] [[Category:Al'ummomi]] [[Category:Al'adun Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Afirka]] rsy6pqmi9bbixc82bqjq5tztzlsqk76 0 21878 892620 739378 2026-08-07T17:38:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maryam Rajavi''' (Persian , née Qajar-Azodanlu, Persian) ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar Mujahedin ta Iran (MEK), kungiyar tayi ƙoƙarin kifar da gwamnatin Iran da kuma zaɓaɓɓen shugaban ƙasa na National Council of Resistance Iran (NCRI). Ta auri [[Massoud Rajavi]], wanda shi ne mataimakin shugaban kungiyar ta MEK.<ref>{{cite web|title=Profile: Maryam Rajavi|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2980279.stm|website=BBC News|access-date=24 February 2017}}</ref> == Kuruciya da Karatu == An haifi [[Rajavi Maryam Qajar-Azodanlu]] ne a ranar 4 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 1953. a [[Tehran]], [[Iran]] . <ref name="Who's Who2">{{citation|first=Elizabeth|last=Sleeman|title=The International Who's Who of Women 2002|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2001|isbn=9781857431223|page=464|entry=RAJAVI, Maryam}}</ref> Tana cikin dangin masu karamin karfi wadanda suka fito daga zuriyar [[Qajar]] . <ref name="nytimes2">{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Craig S.|title=Exiled Iranians Try to Foment Revolution From France|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/24/international/europe/24rajavi.html?_r=0|access-date=7 November 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=24 September 2005}}</ref> Ta halarci Jami'ar Fasaha ta Sharif a Iran, inda ta samu BS a fannin karafa .<ref name="Who's Who2" /> == Harkar Siyasa == [[File:Maryam_Rajavi_with_Free_Iran_gathering,_2018.jpg|right|thumb|400x400px| Maryam Rajavi a wajen taron ''Ƴantar Iran'' a 2018]] Rajavi ta bayyana cewa gwagwarmayar siyasarta ta fara ne tun tana 'yar shekara ashirin da biyu bayan da SAVAK ta kashe' yar uwarta Narges. <ref name="nytimes2" /> Sannan ta zama memba na Mojahedin na Iran (PMOI / MEK), kuma ta fara harkar siyasa. Rajavi ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin kwamanda kuma Babban Sakataren MEK har zuwa shekara ta alif 1993. A ranar 22 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 1993, NCRI ta zabi Rajavi ya zama "Shugaban rikon kwarya na Iran" idan NCRI za ta karbi ragamar mulki a Iran.<ref>{{cite book|first=Kenneth|last=Katzman|chapter=Iran: The People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran|title=Iran: Outlaw, Outcast, Or Normal Country?|publisher=[[Nova]]|year=2001|editor-first=Albert V.|editor-last=Benliot|page=97-98|isbn=978-1-56072-954-9}}</ref> Rajavi tayi aiki a matsayin mai tsara kungiyar gwagwarmayar adawa da Shah a cikin 1970s. A cikin shekarar 1979, ta zama jami'in ɓangaren zamantakewar jama'a na PMOI / MEK, inda ta yi aiki har zuwa shekarar 1981. Rajavi ya kasance dan takarar majalisar dokoki a shekarar 1980.<ref name="Who's Who2" /> A cikin shekarar 1982, an canza Rajavi zuwa Auvers-sur-Oise, Île-de-France inda hedkwatar siyasa ta Mojahedin take.<ref name="Who's Who2" /> A shekarar 1985, ta zama Shugabar hadin gwiwa ta PMOI kuma tayi aiki a matsayin Sakatare Janar a tsakanin 1989 da 1993.<ref>{{citation|first=Ronen|last=Cohen|title=The Rise and Fall of the Mojahedin Khalq, 1987–1997: Their Survival After the Islamic Revolution and Resistance to the Islamic Republic of Iran|publisher=Sussex Academic Press|year=2009|isbn=978-1-84519-270-9|page=12}}</ref> A cikin wata sanarwa da ta yi Allah wadai da harin [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|da kungiyar ISIS ta]] kai wa majalisar dokokin Iran da kuma kabarin wanda ya assasa Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, Rajavi ya ce: "Halin da kungiyar ta ISIS take a bayyane yana amfanar da Jagoran gwamnatin Iran Khamenei, wanda da dukkan zuciyarsa ya yi maraba da shi a matsayin wata dama don shawo kan matsalar gwamnatinsa a yankin da kuma na duniya. da kebewa. Wanda ya kirkiro kungiyar kuma mai daukar nauyi na farko a jihar yana kokarin sauya wurin wanda ya yi kisan kai da wanda aka kashe da kuma nuna babban bankin ta'addanci a matsayin wanda aka zalunta. ” <ref>[http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/just-because-isis-attacked-iran-doesnt-mean-iran-isnt-supporting-terrorism/article/2625674 Just because ISIS attacked Iran doesn't mean Iran isn't supporting terrorism]. 12 June 2017. </ref> [[Fayil:Maryam Rajavi after defeat in Operation Mersad.gif|thumb|Maryam Rajavi]] Wani shiri mai ma'ana 10 wanda Rajavi ya wallafa ya tsara wani shiri na sauya Iran. Ta bayyana alƙawarin da ta yi game da Sanarwar Duniya game da 'Yancin Dan Adam da sauran kayan aiki na duniya. Ta yi kira da a soke hukuncin kisa, kirkirar tsarin shari’a na zamani da kuma samun ‘yancin alkalai. Rajavi zai kawo karshen kudaden da Tehran ke baiwa Hamas, [[Hezbollah]] da sauran kungiyoyin gwagwarmaya kuma tana da kudurin zama tare cikin lumana, huldar da dukkan kasashe da mutunta Yarjejeniyar [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] . <ref>[http://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/2016-12-08/debates/1117FCF0-EE8C-4A7A-BED2-DE9108AD65DC/IranHumanRights?highlight=Maryam%20Rajavi#contribution-6C120466-1CAA-4B8A-9EB6-E39D862B33EB Iran: Human Rights Debate in the UK House of Lords, House of Lord Hansard, 8 December 2016 ] [[File:UKOpenGovernmentLicence.svg|30x30px]] This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under the [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/ Open Government Licence v3.0]. </ref> Bayanin ya kunshi bayanin cewa "Mun amince da kadarorin masu zaman kansu, saka hannun jari da tattalin arzikin kasuwa."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usfliberty.org/maryam-rajavi/|title=Maryam Rajavi|access-date=2021-06-29|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612182535/http://www.usfliberty.org/maryam-rajavi/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Yunin shekarar 2020, akasarin mambobin Majalisar Wakilan Amurka sun goyi bayan "kudurin bangare biyu" da ke goyon bayan Rajavi da kuma "kira ga Iran mai bin tsarin dimokiradiyya" na NCRI yayin da "suka la'anci ta'addanci da kasar Iran ta dauki nauyi . Kudurin wanda ya samu goyon bayan ‘yan majalisa 221 (ciki har da Louie Gohmert da Sheila Jackson Lee ), ya ba da goyon baya ga matakai 10 na Rajavi game da makomar Iran (wadanda suka hada da“ ‘yancin kada kuri’a na duniya, tattalin arzikin kasuwa, da Iran din da ba ta nukiliya ba”) yana mai yin kira ga rigakafin "munanan ayyukan jami'an diflomasiyyar gwamnatin Iran."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/majority-house-members-back-resolution-supporting-iranian-opposition|title=Majority of House members back resolution supporting Iranian opposition, condemning regime's terror}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/the-world-is-watching-lawmakers-tout-bipartisan-resolution-condemning-iran|title='The world is watching': Lawmakers tout bipartisan resolution condemning Iran}}</ref> Rajavi ta gabatar da shirinta a Majalisar Turai a shekarar 2006, wanda ke tallafawa cikakken daidaito tsakanin mata da siyasa da zamantakewar al'umma, musamman, sadaukar da kai ga shigar mata daidai a cikin jagorancin siyasa. Shirye-shiryenta guda 10 kan makomar Iran ta tanadi cewa za a soke duk wani nau'i na nuna wariya ga mata kuma mata za su ji da 'yancin zabar tufafinsu kyauta. Hakanan ya haɗa da ƙarewar azaba da taƙama. <ref>[http://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2016-06-28/debates/92B47430-75B2-40B5-9FA6-76A24E8D1E7C/HumanRightsInIran?highlight=Maryam%20Rajavi#contribution-85B1A801-C8A8-449C-8097-8267042F9C10 Human Rights in Iran, Debate in the UK House of Commons, House of Commons Hansard, 28 June 2016] [[File:UKOpenGovernmentLicence.svg|30x30px]] This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under the [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/ Open Government Licence v3.0]. </ref> A watan Oktoba na shekarar 2011, [[Theresa May|Theresa May ta]] hana Rajavi zuwa Biritaniya a wata tafiya inda za ta "yi bayanin yadda ake cin zarafin mata a Iran". Daga nan sai babbar kotu ta shigar da karar Theresa May, tare da Lord Carlile na Berriew (tsohon mai nazarin gwamnati mai zaman kansa game da dokokin yaki da ta'addanci) yana mai cewa za a iya daukar hukuncin na May "a matsayin wanda zai gamsar da Mullahs"<ref>{{cite web|author=Muhanad Mohammed|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/may-appeases-iran-with-ban-on-opposition-leader-bmdfx3w70fg|title=Iraqi court seeks arrest of Iranian exiles|access-date=21 January 2020|work=[[The Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Muhanad Mohammed|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/may-appeases-iran-with-ban-on-opposition-leader-bmdfx3w70fg|title=Iraqi court seeks arrest of Iranian exiles|access-date=21 January 2020|work=[[The Times]]}}</ref> A cikin 2014, Kotun Koli ta Burtaniya ta yi watsi da daukaka kara daga Lord Carlile na Berriew QC da sauransu kuma ta goyi bayanta don ci gaba da haramcin, wanda aka fara aiwatarwa a shekarar 1997. Membobin Majalisar Iyayen Burtaniya sun yi iƙirarin cewa Sakataren Cikin Gida yana "keta doka ta 10 ('yancin faɗar albarkacin baki) na Yarjejeniyar Turai na' Yancin Dan Adam (Yarjejeniyar)", suna cewa "dalilan Sakataren cikin gida ba su da wata ma'ana ta doka, saboda sun dogara da tasirin da wata ƙasa za ta yi wanda bai yi daidai da ƙa'idodin da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar ba. "<ref>{{cite news|last1=Barakatt|first1=Marina|title=U.K. Supreme Court Upholds Home Secretary's Decision to Prevent an Iranian Politician from Entering the U.K. (November 12, 2014)|url=https://www.asil.org/blogs/uk-supreme-court-upholds-home-secretary%E2%80%99s-decision-prevent-iranian-politician-entering-uk|date=25 November 2014|access-date=14 September 2016|publisher=The American Society of International Law}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=R (on the application of Lord Carlile of Berriew QC and others) (Appellants) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Respondent) [2014] UKSC 60|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927010314/https://www.supremecourt.uk/decided-cases/docs/UKSC_2013_0098_PressSummary.pdf|url=https://www.supremecourt.uk/decided-cases/docs/UKSC_2013_0098_PressSummary.pdf|archive-date=25 November 2017|access-date=14 September 2016|publisher=Supreme Court of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Ba a cire Rajavi daga kowace ƙasar Turai ba kuma yana hulɗa tare da 'yan majalisa a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai a kai a kai.<ref>{{cite web|title=Parliamentarians lose Maryam Rajavi court battle|url=http://www.hillingdontimes.co.uk/news/11596593.Parliamentarians_lose_Maryam_Rajavi_court_battle/?ref=mr|website=Hillingdon & Uxbridge Times|publisher=Hillingdon & Uxbridge Times|access-date=10 February 2015}}</ref> Maryam Rajavi ta hadu a bainar jama'a tare da Shugaban Kasar Falasdinu [[Mahmoud Abbas|Mahmud Abbas]] a ranar 30 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2016. a birnin [[Faris|Paris]] na Faransa.<ref>{{cite news|title=Why Abbas-MEK meeting made waves everywhere but Palestine|url=http://al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/08/meeting-abbas-iran-opposition-rajavi.html|author=Marian Houk|date=9 August 2016|access-date=5 December 2016|publisher=Al-Monitor|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220145936/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/08/meeting-abbas-iran-opposition-rajavi.html|archive-date=20 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Fayil:Iran - Iranian Gathering - Villepinte -All For Freedom – Paris June 2014 - Maryam Rajavi - MEK - PMOI (4) (14625524773).jpg|thumb|Maryam Rajavi]] [[Fayil:PMOI 2018 rally at Parc des Expositions de Villepinte (4).jpg|thumb|Maryam Rajavi]] A watan Afrilun shekarar 2021, Maryam Rajavi ta amince da kudurin HR 118, wanda ke nuna “goyon baya ga muradin mutanen Iran game da jamhuriya ta demokradiyya” kuma “ta yi Allah wadai da take hakkin dan Adam da ta’addancin da gwamnati ke daukar nauyinta”<ref>{{cite news|title=Congressional leaders urge Biden to take tough stand on Iran|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1850101/middle-east|publisher=Arab News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Lawmakers urge Biden to push Iranian regime on rights abuses, amid bipartisan support for resolution|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/lawmakers-biden-iranian-regime-rights-abuses-resolution|publisher=Fox News}}</ref> == Tarihin Zaɓe == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !Shekara ! Zabe (Yankin) ! Kuri'u ! % ! Matsayi ! Sakamakon ! Ref |- | 1980 | Majalisar {{Small|([[Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr (electoral district)|Tehran, Rey and Shemiranat]])}} | 221,831 | 10.4 | Na 67 | style="background-color:#C66" | Rasa | |} == Gwaji == === Faransa === A ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 2003, Rajavi ya kama 'yan sanda na Paris tare da wasu mambobin MEK 150.<ref>{{citation|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2996132.stm|title=Paris police target Iranian groups|date=17 June 2003|access-date=28 December 2016|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Rajavi released on bail|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=4 July 2003|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/archive/2003/07/200849135442456351.html}}</ref> An binciketa ita da wasu mutane 23 kan zargin alaka da ta'addanci. <ref name="reuters2">{{citation|title=France drops case against Iranian dissidents after 11-year probe|publisher=Reuters|date=17 September 2014|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-iran-ncri/france-drops-case-against-iranian-dissidents-after-11-year-probe-idUSKBN0HC1OR20140917}}</ref> Rajavi ya musanta tuhumar, yana mai cewa "an shigar da karar ne domin a farantawa Iran rai." <ref>{{citation|title=France drops charges against Iran opposition group|publisher=Fox News|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/france-drops-charges-against-iran-opposition-group}}</ref> Daga baya aka dakatar da duk tuhumar.<ref>{{citation|first=David|last=Jolly|title=France Will Drop Charges Against Iranian Dissidents|work=The New York Times|date=12 May 2011|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/13/world/europe/13iht-iran13.html}}</ref><ref name="reuters3">{{citation|title=France drops case against Iranian dissidents after 11-year probe|publisher=Reuters|date=17 September 2014|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-iran-ncri/france-drops-case-against-iranian-dissidents-after-11-year-probe-idUSKBN0HC1OR20140917}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{citation|title=France Drops Case Against Iranian Dissidents|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=17 September 2014|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/france-drops-iran-dissidents-case/26590826.html}}</ref> === Iraq === A watan Yulin 2010, Babbar Kotun Iraki ta ba da sammacin kame mambobi 39 na kungiyar ta MEK, ciki har da Rajavi, "saboda shaidar da ke tabbatar da cewa sun aikata laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama " ta hanyar "hada hannu da tsoffin jami'an tsaron Iraki wajen murkushe boren 1991 na tsohuwar Iraqi. tsarin mulki da kisan 'yan kasar Iraki ". Kungiyar ta MEK ta musanta tuhumar, tana mai cewa "wata shawara ce ta siyasa kuma ita ce kyauta ta karshe da gwamnatin Nuri al-Maliki ta gabatar ga gwamnatin Iran"<ref name=":0" /> == Littattafai == * ''Babbar Maris zuwa Yanci<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rajavi|first=Maryam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=myOJzQEACAAJ|title=Great March Towards Freedom: Maryam Rajavi's Messages and Speeches to the Annual Gatherings of Iranian Resistance at Ashraf 3 - Albania July 2019|date=2020-03-20|publisher=National Council of Resistance of Iran|isbn=978-2-491615-01-7|language=en}}</ref>'' * ''A'a ga'' ''Addinin Tilas,'' ''Babu'' ''Bautar Tilas ga Gwamnatin <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-10-16|title=No to Compulsory Veil: No to Compulsory Religion, No to Compulsory Government|url=https://www.ncr-iran.org/en/publications/no-to-compulsory-veil-no-to-compulsory-religion-no-to-compulsory-government/|access-date=2020-12-03|website=NCRI|language=en-GB}}</ref>'' * ''Mata, Musulunci da Tsarin Addini <ref>{{cite book|author=Maryam Rajavi|title=Women, Islam & Fundamentalism|issue=Autumn 1995|location=Paris|url=https://moslemwomen.info/|language=En|format=pdf|access-date=2021-06-29|archive-date=2022-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124201704/https://moslemwomen.info/|url-status=dead}}</ref>'' * ''Iran Zata Samu 'Yanci<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rajavī|first=Maryam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UpMduwEACAAJ|title=Iran Will Be Free: Speech by Maryam Rajavi|date=2018-09-18|publisher=NCRI-US|isbn=978-1-944942-21-2|language=en}}</ref>'' * ''Mabuɗi don magance akidar Islama<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-24|title=Key to Countering Islamic Fundamentalism|url=https://www.ncr-iran.org/en/publications/key-to-countering-islamic-fundamentalism/|access-date=2020-12-03|website=NCRI|language=en-GB}}</ref>'' == Duba kuma == * Jerin matan Iran * Jerin mutanen daga Tehran * Faransa –Iran alaƙar   == Mahaɗa == * {{Official website|http://www.maryam-rajavi.com/en/}} {{S-start}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Co-leader of [[People's Mujahedin of Iran]]}} {{S-inc}} {{S-vac}} {{S-ttl|title=President-elect of the [[National Council of Resistance of Iran]]}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Secretay-General of [[People's Mujahedin of Iran]]}} {{S-aft}} {{S-new}} {{S-ttl|title=Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the [[People's Mujahedin of Iran]] military wing}} {{S-vac}} {{S-end}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Haifaffun 1953]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ewjqwygkd8vj9h0oy1pzkmzqbl7lddq 4 21908 892682 892421 2026-08-07T21:26:30Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 892682 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:Frnw26|Frnw26]] |[[Special:Contributions/Frnw26|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 5 ga Augusta 2026 |- |2 |[[User:Maryamharha|Maryamharha]] |[[Special:Contributions/Maryamharha|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |3 |[[User:Goodyoda|Goodyoda]] |[[Special:Contributions/Goodyoda|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |4 |[[User:Aliyu sabiu ngw|Aliyu sabiu ngw]] |[[Special:Contributions/Aliyu sabiu ngw|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Aloekhadijat|Aloekhadijat]] |[[Special:Contributions/Aloekhadijat|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |6 |[[User:Dynomite777|Dynomite777]] |[[Special:Contributions/Dynomite777|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |7 |[[User:Աստղիկ Աջամօղլյան|Աստղիկ Աջամօղլյան]] |[[Special:Contributions/Աստղիկ Աջամօղլյան|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |8 |[[User:C-0956|C-0956]] |[[Special:Contributions/C-0956|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |9 |[[User:SADIK ADAMU|SADIK ADAMU]] |[[Special:Contributions/SADIK ADAMU|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |10 |[[User:Aminabyakasai|Aminabyakasai]] |[[Special:Contributions/Aminabyakasai|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |11 |[[User:SHIFA CARES|SHIFA CARES]] |[[Special:Contributions/SHIFA CARES|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |12 |[[User:Nabmudy|Nabmudy]] |[[Special:Contributions/Nabmudy|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |13 |[[User:NurBlendFoods|NurBlendFoods]] |[[Special:Contributions/NurBlendFoods|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |14 |[[User:Themaamerhstreats and event|Themaamerhstreats and event]] |[[Special:Contributions/Themaamerhstreats and event|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |15 |[[User:Mems k makeover|Mems k makeover]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mems k makeover|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 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|[[Special:Contributions/Hamimh2|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |41 |[[User:Gowhar Nabi Wani|Gowhar Nabi Wani]] |[[Special:Contributions/Gowhar Nabi Wani|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |42 |[[User:VolodymyrShcherban|VolodymyrShcherban]] |[[Special:Contributions/VolodymyrShcherban|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |43 |[[User:Buacement|Buacement]] |[[Special:Contributions/Buacement|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |44 |[[User:Squidfam|Squidfam]] |[[Special:Contributions/Squidfam|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |45 |[[User:وسيم|وسيم]] |[[Special:Contributions/وسيم|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |46 |[[User:Aisha DM|Aisha DM]] |[[Special:Contributions/Aisha DM|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |47 |[[User:AGibberishUsername|AGibberishUsername]] |[[Special:Contributions/AGibberishUsername|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |48 |[[User:Neoptolemos7|Neoptolemos7]] |[[Special:Contributions/Neoptolemos7|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |49 |[[User:Ajsm712|Ajsm712]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ajsm712|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026 |- |50 |[[User:ToothandSaw|ToothandSaw]] |[[Special:Contributions/ToothandSaw|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 7 ga Augusta 2026 |- |51 |[[User:Maharazu|Maharazu]] |[[Special:Contributions/Maharazu|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 7 ga Augusta 2026 |- |52 |[[User:EmiBlu|EmiBlu]] |[[Special:Contributions/EmiBlu|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 7 ga Augusta 2026 |- |53 |[[User:Haniff88|Haniff88]] |[[Special:Contributions/Haniff88|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 7 ga Augusta 2026 |- |54 |[[User:AlbertSamosa|AlbertSamosa]] |[[Special:Contributions/AlbertSamosa|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 7 ga Augusta 2026 |- |55 |[[User:Wuxingqi|Wuxingqi]] |[[Special:Contributions/Wuxingqi|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 7 ga Augusta 2026 |- |56 |[[User:MADURAI V RAMAKRISHNAN|MADURAI V RAMAKRISHNAN]] |[[Special:Contributions/MADURAI V RAMAKRISHNAN|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 7 ga Augusta 2026 |- |57 |[[User:Ila.dic|Ila.dic]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ila.dic|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 7 ga Augusta 2026 |- |58 |[[User:MarkHunt|MarkHunt]] |[[Special:Contributions/MarkHunt|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 7 ga Augusta 2026 |- |59 |[[User:Farhood714|Farhood714]] |[[Special:Contributions/Farhood714|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 7 ga Augusta 2026 |- |60 |[[User:Mesopotamiainc|Mesopotamiainc]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mesopotamiainc|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 7 ga Augusta 2026 |- |61 |[[User:Seniorman.ng|Seniorman.ng]] |[[Special:Contributions/Seniorman.ng|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 7 ga Augusta 2026 |- |62 |[[User:SZLysms|SZLysms]] |[[Special:Contributions/SZLysms|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 7 ga Augusta 2026 |- |63 |[[User:LucaNővérem|LucaNővérem]] |[[Special:Contributions/LucaNővérem|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 7 ga Augusta 2026 |- |64 |[[User:Bobomoney|Bobomoney]] |[[Special:Contributions/Bobomoney|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 7 ga Augusta 2026 |- |65 |[[User:Desk-7006|Desk-7006]] |[[Special:Contributions/Desk-7006|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 7 ga Augusta 2026 |- |66 |[[User:Tukur Umar|Tukur Umar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Tukur Umar|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 7 ga Augusta 2026 |- |} s0wu58n4g60qei01dk7ewkv2f3mhbpa 0 22292 892684 744408 2026-08-07T21:37:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{fassara}} Mikiko Kainuma (甲斐沼 美紀子) (born 1950) is a Japanese [[Ilimin yanayi|climatologist]] at the [[Babban Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Japan|Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology]]. She is primarily known for her work on climate change and climate policy. She is a lead Japanese author on the 4th and 5th [[Kungiyar gwamnatoci a kan Canjin Yanayi|IPCC]] assessment reports.<ref>{{cite web |title=気温上昇2度と1.5度では大違い　温室効果ガス削減 |url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASNBZ3H1GNBVPLBJ00G.html |website=The Asahi Shimbun |access-date=14 January 2021 |archive-date=26 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326041631/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASNBZ3H1GNBVPLBJ00G.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=この瞬間にも消えてゆく森林　気候変動のツケは私たちに |url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASNBY67G2NB6PLBJ012.html |website=The Asahi Shimbun |access-date=14 January 2021 |archive-date=26 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326041552/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASNBY67G2NB6PLBJ012.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Ayyuka == Kainuma ta sami BS, MS, da kuma Ph.D digiri a cikin ilimin lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi daga Jami'ar Kyoto, Japan. Tun daga shekarar 1977, ta yi aiki a kan gurbatar iska da canjin yanayi a Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli ta Kasa (NIES), inda kuma a yanzu haka ita ce Shugabar Sashin Bincike Kan Manufofin Yanayi. Ita ce jagorar marubuciya kan Rahoton Bincike na Hudu da na Biyar na Majalisar [[Kungiyar gwamnatoci a kan Canjin Yanayi|Ɗinkin Duniya ta kan Canjin Yanayi]] (I.P.C.C). Ayyukanta sun haɗa da Misalin Hadaddiyar Asiya da Pasifik (AIM) da Integaddamar da ƙididdigar Muhalli mai ƙarfi na ƙaddamar da Innovation Muhalli na Asiya da Pacific (APEIS).<ref>{{cite web |title=CSD-14 Partnerships Fair Speaker Bio |url=http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/csd/csd14/PF/bios/M_Kainuma.pdf |access-date=14 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=甲斐沼美紀子 (かいぬま　みきこ） |url=https://imidas.jp/author_data/g258 |access-date=14 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Contributors to the IPCC WGIII Fourth Assessment Report |url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/annex3sannex-iii.html#contributors-to |access-date=14 January 2021 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128100615/https://archive.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/annex3sannex-iii.html#contributors-to |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Contributors to the IPCC WGIII Fifth Assessment Report |url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_annex-iv.pdf |access-date=14 January 2021 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121054309/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_annex-iv.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=As IPCC report warns of growing climate change risks, Japan seeks to adapt |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/10/29/national/ipcc-report-warns-growing-climate-change-risks-japan-seeks-adapt/ |website=The Japan Times |access-date=14 January 2021}}</ref>. == Babban wallafe-wallafe == * RH Moss ua: ''Zamani mai zuwa na al'amuran yanayi don bincike da canjin yanayi.'' A cikin: ''Yanayi .'' 46ungiyar 463, Nr. 7282, 2010, S. 747, [[doi:10.1038/nature08823|doi: 10.1038 / nature08823]] * M. Kainuma, Y. Matsuoka und T. Morita (Hrsg. ): ''Kididdigar manufofin yanayi: Tsarin hada-hadar hada-hadar Asia da Pacific.'' Masana Kimiyya da Kasuwancin Kasuwanci, 2011,  * DP Van Vuuren ua: ''Hanyar tattara hankalin wakilin: bayyani.'' A cikin: ''Canjin Yanayi.'' Ungiyar 109, Nr. 1-2, 2011, S. 5, [[doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0148-z|doi: 10.1007 / s10584-011-0148-z]]. == Manazarta ==   [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1950]] [[Category:Yanayi]] [[Category:Muhalli]] [[Category:Ƴancin muhalli]] [[Category:Ƴancin Ɗan Adam]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] s34smh9gkxak9ic78c4z3fl9telfh0y 0 22779 892628 583541 2026-08-07T18:13:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Mashrur Arefin by NKS-8.jpg|thumb|dan Franz mai fassara ]] '''Mashrur Arefin''' (an haife shi ne a ranar 9 ga watan Oktoba, 1969), ya kasan ce marubuci ne ɗan ƙasar [[Bangladesh]], marubuci, mai fassara da kuma banki.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|date=2020-02-25|title=Finance is my passion; literature is my divine calling|url=https://tbsnews.net/interviews/finance-my-passion-literature-my-divine-calling-47679|work=The Business Standard|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316161050/https://tbsnews.net/interviews/finance-my-passion-literature-my-divine-calling-47679|archive-date=2020-03-20|access-date=2020-10-22|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|script-title=bn:ঈশ্বরদী থেকে পৃথিবীর পথে|url=https://www.banglatribune.com/literature/news/646570/%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022115728/https://www.banglatribune.com/literature/news/646570/%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87|archive-date=2020-10-22|access-date=2020-10-22|work=[[Bangla Tribune]]|language=bn}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite news|title=Mashrur Arefin new MD of City Bank|url=https://en.prothomalo.com/corporate/Mashrur-Arefin-new-MD-of-City-Bank|work=Prothom Alo|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022133850/https://en.prothomalo.com/corporate/Mashrur-Arefin-new-MD-of-City-Bank|archive-date=2020-10-22|access-date=2020-10-22|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite news|last=হাসান|first=কামরুল|script-title=bn:আলথুসার: বাংলা উপন্যাসের বিশ্বায়ন|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/onnoalo/books/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%A8|publisher=Prothom Alo|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022134243/https://www.prothomalo.com/onnoalo/books/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%A8|archive-date=2020-10-22|access-date=2020-10-22|language=bn}}</ref> An san shi da fassarar Bengali na labaran Homer na ''Iliad'' da Franz Kafka, da litattafansa, ''August Abchchaya'' (The Eclipse of August, 2019) da ''Althusser'' (2020).<ref name=":13">{{Cite news|last=হাসান|first=কামরুল|script-title=bn:আলথুসার: বাংলা উপন্যাসের বিশ্বায়ন|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/onnoalo/books/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%A8|publisher=Prothom Alo|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022134243/https://www.prothomalo.com/onnoalo/books/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%A8|archive-date=2020-10-22|access-date=2020-10-22|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|script-title=bn:আলথুসার : পাঠ-প্রতিক্রিয়া|url=https://www.banglatribune.com/literature/news/622529/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE|work=Bangla Tribune|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811134543/https://www.banglatribune.com/literature/news/622529/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE|archive-date=2020-08-11|access-date=2020-10-22|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|script-title=bn:আলথুসার : রাষ্ট্রযন্ত্র বুঝতে চাওয়ার জটিলতায় নাগরিক|url=https://www.deshrupantor.com/home/printnews/205478/2020-03-20|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022134716/https://www.deshrupantor.com/home/printnews/205478/2020-03-20|archive-date=2020-10-22|access-date=2020-10-22|website=deshrupantor.com|language=bn}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Majumdar|first=Meghna|date=2020-05-06|title=Lockdown reads: Saikat Majumdar, author of 'The Scent of God', recommends these titles|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/lockdown-reads-saikat-majumdar-author-of-the-scent-of-god-recommends-these-titles/article31518827.ece|url-status=live|access-date=2020-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506200727/https://www.thehindu.com/books/lockdown-reads-saikat-majumdar-author-of-the-scent-of-god-recommends-these-titles/article31518827.ece|archive-date=2020-05-06|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>Ya sami lambar yabo ta BRAC Bank-Samakal Literature Award saboda fassarar labaran Franz Kafka a 2013<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":92">{{Cite news|script-title=bn:আকাশভরা সূর্যতারা|url=https://samakal.com/tp-kaler-kheya/article/140668695/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE|work=Samakal|language=bn|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722110028/https://samakal.com/tp-kaler-kheya/article/140668695/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE|access-date=2021-07-22|archive-date=2021-07-22}}</ref><ref name=":102">{{Cite news|script-title=bn:মঈনুল আহসান সাবের মাসরুর আরেফিন ও বদরুন নাহার এবার পুরস্কার পেলেন|url=https://samakal.com/print/140667485/print|work=Samakal|language=bn|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722110031/https://samakal.com/print/140667485/print|access-date=2021-07-22|archive-date=2021-07-22}}</ref> kuma ya ci Gemcon Shahitya Puroshkar 2020 don littafinsa na farko Agusta Abchhaya (The Eclipse of August).<ref name=":142">{{Cite news|title=Winners of Gemcon Shahitya Puroshkar 2020 announced|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/news/winners-gemcon-shahitya-puroshkar-2020-announced-2017617|work=The Daily Star|url-status=live|archive-url=}}</ref><ref name=":152">{{Cite news|script-title=bn:‘আমি আপ্লুত’|url=https://www.banglatribune.com/literature/news/659354/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E2%80%99|work=Bangla Tribune|language=bn|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229064918/https://www.banglatribune.com/literature/news/659354/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E2%80%99|access-date=2021-07-22|archive-date=2020-12-29}}</ref><ref name=":162">{{Cite news|title=Gemcon Sahitya Puraskar 2020 announced|url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/125412/gemcon-sahitya-puraskar-2020-announced|work=New Age|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722110029/https://www.newagebd.net/article/125412/gemcon-sahitya-puraskar-2020-announced|access-date=2021-07-22|archive-date=2021-07-22}}</ref><ref name=":172">{{Cite news|title=City Bank CEO Mashrur Arefin wins Gemcon Shahitya Puroshkar 2020|url=https://tbsnews.net/bangladesh/city-bank-ceo-mashrur-arefin-wins-gemcon-shahitya-puroshkar-2020-176719|work=The Business Standard|url-status=live|archive-url=}}</ref><ref name=":182">{{Cite news|title=A lot more actually happens in the outer, larger perimeters or the circumference of any centre|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/magazine/arts-letters/2020/12/31/a-lot-more-actually-happens-in-the-outer-larger-perimeters-or-the-circumference-of-any-centre?fbclid=IwAR1TUKoxNgAjwYGgs3faMOxJ_FhSt8iAySTq80w80ezWbUVG7KYWyeKlbrQ|work=Dhaka Tribune|url-status=live|archive-url=}}</ref> Arefin yana rubutu ne game da adabi da kuma rubutun adabi akan jarida da kuma karin adabi.<ref>{{Cite news|script-title=bn:কাফকায়েস্ক বেহালার সুর|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/onnoalo/others/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0|work=Prothom Alo|language=bn|url-status=live|archive-url=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|script-title=bn:বর্বরদের প্রতীক্ষায়|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/onnoalo/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC|work=Prothom Alo|language=bn|url-status=live|archive-url=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|script-title=bn:অনুবাদ-অযোগ্য কাফকা|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/onnoalo/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE|work=Prothom Alo|language=bn|url-status=live|archive-url=}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haife shi a Barishal . Daga baya danginsa suka koma Khulna kuma Arefin sun girma a can. === Ilimi da girma === [[Fayil:Mashrur Arefin by NKS-10.jpg|thumb|Mashrur Arefin]] Bayan ya wuce SSC da HSC daga Kwalejin Barishal Cadet ya yi karatun Adabin Turanci a Jami’ar Musulmai ta Aligarh . Sannan ya sami MA daga Jami'ar [[Dhaka]] . A shekarar 1995 Arefin ya fara aiki a ANZ Grindlays Bank Limited a matsayin mai horar da gudanarwa. Ya kammala MBA daga Jami'ar Victoria, [[Melbourne]], [[Asturaliya|Australia]].<ref name=":22"/> A matsayin banki tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1990, ya yi aiki da bankuna da yawa a wurare daban-daban.<ref name=":22" /> Mashrur Arefin shine manajan darakta kuma babban jami'i (Shugaba) na Bankin City Bank Limited.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-01-22|title=Mashrur Arefin new MD of City Bank|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/business/banking/news/mashrur-arefin-new-md-city-bank-1691047|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615212145/https://www.thedailystar.net/business/banking/news/mashrur-arefin-new-md-city-bank-1691047|archive-date=2020-10-22|access-date=2020-10-22|work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite news|script-title=bn:সিটি ব্যাংকের নতুন ব্যবস্থাপনা পরিচালক মাসরুর আরেফিন|url=https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/economy/21544/সিটি-ব্যাংকের-নতুন-ব্যবস্থাপনা-পরিচালক-মাসরুর-আরেফিন|work=The Daily Ittefaq|language=bn|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124023034/http://www.ittefaq.com.bd/economy/21544/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8|archive-date=2019-01-24|access-date=2020-10-22}}</ref><ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite news|script-title=bn:সিটি ব্যাংকের এমডি মাসরুর আরেফিন করোনা আক্রান্ত|url=https://www.banglanews24.com/economics-business/news/bd/802439.details|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808182350/https://www.banglanews24.com/economics-business/news/bd/802439.details|archive-date=2020-08-20|access-date=2020-10-22|work=[[banglanews24.com]]|language=bn}}</ref> === Rubutawa === Ya fara rubutu da fassara a farkon shekarun 90 yayin da yake dalibi. A wancan lokacin an buga ayyukan rubutu da fassara a cikin mujallu daban-daban na adabi da kuma abubuwan adabi na Bangladesh. ==== Magajin Ishwardi Ya Mule er Golpo (Waka) ==== Magajin garin Ishwardi O Mule er Golpo, an buga littafin doguwar waƙa a 2001 daga 'Da' Prokashoni. Shi ne littafinsa na farko. Magajin garin Ishwardi O Mule er Golpo ya kasance yunƙurin bincika sabon salon magana da hoto tare da yaren Bangla. ==== August Abchaya (Labari) ==== [[File:August_Aabchaya_Novel_Cover.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Murfin Mashrur Arefin sabon Novel Agusta Abchaya (The Eclipse of August). Mai zane - Selim Ahmed]] August Abchaya (The Eclipse of August) shine littafinsa na farko. Labarin kirkirarren labari ne kan kisan shugaban kasar Bangladesh na farko Sheikh Mujibur Rahman . An fara buga shi a cikin Bajan Littafin Ekushey, 2019. A cikin hira da Dhaka Tribune bayan lashe Gemcon Literary Prize, 2020, Mashrur Arefin ya lura:<blockquote>Abin da kawai zan iya cewa shi ne, 'Agusta Abchhaya' ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin labari na tarihi. Amma da gaske haka ne? Tabbas ba wanda yake bayar da nasa bayanin na dalilin da yasa abubuwa suka faru yadda abubuwan suka faru. Na yi imanin cewa saboda saukaka sanya littattafai wasu rukuni, muna kiran 'August Abchhaya' tatsuniyoyin tarihi ne kawai saboda kasuwancin kashe tarihi shine ginshikin littafin. Amma ginshiƙi kawai ginshiƙi ne. Yawancin abubuwa da yawa suna faruwa a zahiri, mafi girman kewaye ko kewayen kowace cibiyar.<ref name=":152"/></blockquote> ==== Althusser (Labari) ==== Littafinsa na biyu shine Althusser. An lakafta shi a kan shahararren masanin falsafar nan na Faransa Louis Althusser . An fara buga shi a cikin Baje kolin Littafin Ekushey, 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|script-title=bn:আলথুসার: বাংলা উপন্যাসের বিশ্বায়ন|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/onnoalo/books/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%A8|work=Prothom Alo|language=bn|url-status=live|archive-url=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|script-title=bn:আলথুসার : পাঠ-প্রতিক্রিয়া|url=https://www.banglatribune.com/c/622529/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE|work=Bangla Tribune|language=bn|url-status=live|archive-url=}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==== Prithibi Elomelo Sokalbelay (Waka) ==== Prithib Elomelo Sokalbelay shine littafin waka na biyu. An fara buga shi a cikin Baje kolin Littafin Ekushey, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|script-title=bn:কেন পৃথিবী এলোমেলো সকালবেলায়!|url=https://barta24.com/details/arts-literature/79215/book-review-prithibi-elomelo-sokalbelay|website=barta24.com|url-status=live|archive-url=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|script-title=bn:কেন পৃথিবী এলোমেলো সকালবেলায়!|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/bangla/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-137065|work=The Daily Star|language=bn|url-status=live|archive-url=}}</ref> ==== Kasa (Novel) ==== A karkashin kasa, an buga littafi na uku na Mashrur Arefin a shekarar 2021 ta baje kolin littattafai na Ekushey daga Katha Prokash. A cikin wannan littafin Mashrur Arefin yayi ma'amala da matakai daban-daban na iko da kuma gefen duhu. ==== Poristhiti Jehetu Agun Hoye Ache (Waka) ==== Poristhiti Jehetu Agun Hoye Ache, littafin mawaka na uku na Mashrur Arefin an buga shi a 2021 littafin baje koli na Ekushey daga Katha Prokash. == Salo == Akwai 'yan bangarorin da masu karatu za su iya tsammani a cikin rubutun Mashrur Arefin, kamar murƙushe tsarin magana da jimla, amma bai tsaya ga kowane salon da aka ƙaddara ba. Yana da niyyar yin gwaji tare da kyawawan halaye kuma ya fito da sabon nau'in ɗanɗano na karin magana. == Jigogi == === Powerarfi da siyasa === Iko da siyasa shine batun yawancin ayyukan Mashrur Arefin. Yawancin ayyukan da yake yi suna bincika yadda iko da siyasa ke aiki akan mutum da ɗan adam. === Rashin kulawa da rayuwar mutum === Wani muhimmin jigo a yawancin ayyukan Mashrur Arefin shi ne halin ko-in-kula game da rayuwar ɗan adam. === Yanayi === Yanayi halaye ne na yau da kullun da ayyukansa. === Lokaci === Wani taken a cikin ayyukan Mashrur Arefin shine lokaci- ko kuma, wucewar lokaci. == Ayyuka == === Littattafai === * ''August Abchaya'' (আগস্ট আবছায়া, The Eclipse of Agusta, 2019) * ''Althusser'' (আলথুসার, Althusser, 2020) * ''Karkashin kasa'' (আন্ডারগ্রাউন্ড, Karkashin kasa, 2021) === Waka === * ''Ishwardi, Magajin gari Ya Muler Golpo'' (ঈশ্বরদী, মেয়র ও মিউলের গল্প, 2001) * ''Prithibi Elomelo Sokalbelay'' (পৃথিবী এলোমেলো সকালবেলায়, 2020) * ''Poristhiti Jehetu Agun Hoye Ache'' (পরিস্থিতি যেহেতু আগুন হয়ে আছে, 2021) === Fassara === * ''Franz'' ''Kafka Galpa-Samagra'' (ফ্রানৎস কাফকা গল্পসমগ্র, Cikakkun Labaran Franz Kafka, 2013) * ''Iliad'' (ইলিয়াড, Iliad, 2015) == Ganewa == === Kyaututtuka ga littattafai === * 2013: BRAC Bank-Samakal Literature Award don labaran Franz Kafka (Fassara, 2013),<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":92" /><ref name=":102" /> * 2020: Gemcon Shahitya Puroshkar na watan Agusta Abchaya (Novel, 2019),<ref name=":142" /><ref name=":152" /><ref name=":162" /><ref name=":172" /><ref name=":182" /> == Manzarata == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3j7w15e2ww1pucr59pfgzqi6v5wdpxi 0 23805 892642 795258 2026-08-07T20:24:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mercy Catherine Adjabeng''' marubuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Ghana, babban edita kuma Manajan Edita na Mujallar Teen Gane.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-23|title=Discovery Teen Magazine engages young people to address adolescence muddle|url=https://ghananewsflash.com/discovery-teen-magazine-engages-young-people-to-address-adolescence-muddle/|access-date=2021-08-11|website=Ghana News Flash|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811140508/https://ghananewsflash.com/discovery-teen-magazine-engages-young-people-to-address-adolescence-muddle/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Asamoah|first=Renee|date=2021-03-23|title=Dicovery Teens Magazines Organises a Maiden Programme|url=https://newstodaygh.com/dicovery-teens-magazines-organises-a-maiden-programme/|access-date=2021-08-11|website=NewsTodayGh|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811135004/https://newstodaygh.com/dicovery-teens-magazines-organises-a-maiden-programme/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Cudjoe|first=Kizito|date=2021-03-23|title=Discovery Teen Magazine engages young people to address adolescence muddle|url=https://thebftonline.com/23/03/2021/discovery-teen-magazine-engages-young-people-to-address-adolescence-muddle/|access-date=2021-08-11|website=The Business & Financial Times|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811135005/https://thebftonline.com/23/03/2021/discovery-teen-magazine-engages-young-people-to-address-adolescence-muddle/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=News|first=Ghana|title=Book on Understanding English Literature launched - Ghanamma.com|url=https://www.ghanamma.com/2020/12/16/book-on-understanding-english-literature-launched/|access-date=2021-08-11|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ita ce kuma mai ba da shawara ta Sadarwa da Sadarwa ta Mata a Shari'a da Ci gaban yankin Afirka (WiLDAF).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Simpson|first=Tony|title=Communications Advisor donates to St. Thomas Aquinas, Armed Forces Schools|url=https://www.gna.org.gh/1.18614314|access-date=2021-08-11|website=www.gna.org.gh|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811135004/https://www.gna.org.gh/1.18614314|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Election Headquarters: Women activists lobby for female Veep - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/election-headquarters-women-activists-lobby-for-female-veep/|access-date=2021-08-11|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Aiki == Ta kasance tsohuwar malamar Harshen Ingilishi da Adabi a Makarantar Sakandaren 'Yan mata ta Wesley a garin Cape Coast.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Wesley Girls’ High School receives books to boost performance in English language and Literature|url=https://gh.afronews.org/wesley-girls-high-school-receives-books-to-boost-performance-in-english-language-and-literature|access-date=2021-08-11|website=AFRONEWS.ORG (GH)|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811135006/https://gh.afronews.org/wesley-girls-high-school-receives-books-to-boost-performance-in-english-language-and-literature|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta yi hira da Jakadan Amurka a Ghana, Robert Potter Jackson.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Human Trafficking: $500m Ghana’s Energy Compact With US To Be Abrogated If… {{!}} Comprehensive Ghana Oil and Gas news, information, updates, analysis|url=http://www.reportingoilandgas.org/human-trafficking-500m-ghanas-energy-compact-with-us-to-be-abrogated-if/|access-date=2021-08-11|website=www.reportingoilandgas.org|archive-date=2021-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811135006/http://www.reportingoilandgas.org/human-trafficking-500m-ghanas-energy-compact-with-us-to-be-abrogated-if/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta yi hadin gwiwa da Ofishin Jakadancin Faransa a Ghana, GOLDKEY Properties da UNFPA Ghana don kaddamar da Mujallar Matashi ta Discovery da dandalin Tattaunawar Matasa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=News Desk|date=14 June 2021|title=Meet Mercy Catherine Adjabeng: the gem empowering adolescents for a brighter future|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/meet-mercy-catherine-adjabeng-the-gem-empowering-adolescents-for-a-brighter-future/|url-status=live|access-date=11 August 2021|website=News Ghana}}</ref> Ta kuma yi hadin gwiwa da Bankin Stanbic Ghana, I-ZAR Group, Effe Farms da Trading Enterprise da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-22|title=St. Thomas Aquinas, Forces Senior High receive books to boost English language and Literature|url=https://angelonline.com.gh/2020/07/22/st-thomas-aquinas-forces-senior-high-receive-books-to-boost-english-language-and-literature/|access-date=2021-08-11|website=Angel Online|language=en-US}}</ref> A halin yanzu tana aiki a 3FM.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Series|date=2021-06-01|title=Wenchi School For The Blind|url=https://allghschools.com/wenchi-school-for-the-blind/|access-date=2021-08-11|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811135007/https://allghschools.com/wenchi-school-for-the-blind/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ita ce kuma Jami’ar Bincike da Hulda da Jama’a na Babban Hukumar Australia a Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sunyani needs ultra-modern shopping mall, Minister invites investors|url=https://www.businessghana.com/|access-date=2021-08-11|website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> == Kyauta == Ta ba da littafinta mai suna 'Fahimtar Adabin Ingilishi' ga makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata ta Wesley. Littattafan da aka bayar an yi ƙimar su da darajar GH ¢ 6,000.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=3FM|date=22 December 2019|title=Wesley Girls’ High School receives books to boost performance in English language and Literature|url=https://3news.com/wesley-girls-high-school-receives-books-to-boost-performance-in-english-language-and-literature/|url-status=dead|access-date=11 August 2021|website=3news.com|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129102413/https://3news.com/wesley-girls-high-school-receives-books-to-boost-performance-in-english-language-and-literature/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Opinari|first=Elsie's|date=2019-12-16|title=Wesley Girls’ High School presented Literature books valued at GHc6, 000|url=https://elsieopinari.com/wesley-girls-high-school-presented-literature-books-valued-at-ghc6-000/|access-date=2021-08-11|website=Elsie's Opinari|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811135016/https://elsieopinari.com/wesley-girls-high-school-presented-literature-books-valued-at-ghc6-000/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta kuma ba da littafinta ga St. Thomas Aquinas da Makarantar Fasaha ta Makarantar Sakandare a Accra. An yi iƙirarin cewa darajarsu ta kai GH ¢ 4,500.<ref>{{Cite web|title=English language and Literature books donated to St. Thomas Aquinas, Forces SHS|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/education/english-language-and-literature-books-donated-to-st-thomas-aquinas-forces-shs.html|access-date=2021-08-11|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} m4sk4eori4bhoonh8fiupr54djfs1ox 0 24546 892762 448754 2026-08-08T06:03:26Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 892762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sansanin Ruychaver''', shima '''Sansanin Ruijghaver''', gidan kasuwanci ne na Dutch a cikin gandun dajin Gold Coast, a Ghana ta zamani. Ya wanzu tsakanin 1654 da 1660 a bakin [[Kogin Ankobra]]. Sunan mukamin ya koma ga Jacob Ruijghaver, darektan kamfanin Dutch West [[Indiya|India]] na Kamfanin Gold Coast, wanda ya ba da umarnin kafa ta. Manufar wurin ciniki ita ce ta inganta cinikayyar gwal, saboda yankin da ke kewaye da sansanin ya shahara a cikin gida don ma<nowiki>'adanan zinari. Rarraba gidan ciniki a matsayin mai ƙarfi shine samfurin adabin zamani. Wataƙila ba a ƙarfafa matsayin ciniki ba kamar yadda kalmar ''sansanin''</nowiki> ke nufi, kuma mai yiwuwa ya ƙunshi madaidaicin masauki da wasu ƙananan bukkoki. == Wuri == A cikin wallafe -wallafen, an bayar da wurare guda biyu don sansanin. Taswirar tana nuna duka waɗannan wurare. Wataƙila yiwuwar ita ce Sansanin Ruychaver yana gefen dama na Kogin Ankobra, daura da Kogin Bonsa, a Yankin Egwira. Doorman, da sauransu, ya kasance daga wannan makarantar. Sauran ka'idar, da farko Daaku ke ba da shawara, tana ɗaukar shigarwar diary na Darakta-Janar Valckenburg a matsayin wurin tashi. Shigarwa ya ce tashar kasuwancin tana da nisan mil 30 daga bakin tekun. Kamar yadda mil mil na [[Amsterdam]] yayi daidai da mita 5,754.53, wannan yana nufin wurin sansanin shine kilomita 173 a cikin ƙasa. A wannan tazara ("kamar yadda kukan ke tashi") hakika wani mazaunin da ake kira Sanaya yana nan, inda a cewar Daaku ya taɓa tsayawa Sansanin Ruychaver. A wurare biyu, akwai filayen zinare da suka ƙare, waɗanda kuma sune cibiyoyin samar da gwal a zamanin mulkin mallaka. Da alama yana da wuya, duk da haka, Yaren mutanen Holland sun bi ta manyan filayen zinare don kafa sansanin kilomita 173 a cikin ƙasa. == Tarihi == Tarihin gidan ciniki ya kasance mai ban mamaki kamar yadda ya daɗe. Yaren mutanen Holland sun yi nasarar sarrafa yankin da ke kusa da [[Fort Saint Anthony|Fort Santo Antonio]] a [[Axim]] daga 1642 zuwa gaba, musamman bayan sanya hannu kan [[Yarjejeniyar Axim]] tare da Karamar Hukumar Axim a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu na shekarar. Tare da Axim a matsayin tushen su, Mutanen Holland sun yi ƙoƙarin yada tasirin su a cikin ƙasa, don samun kyakkyawar damar shiga filin zinare a can. Wannan ƙoƙarin ba koyaushe yake samun nasara sosai ba, ba kaɗan ba saboda tsayayyar yawan jama'ar ƙasa. Gasar Faransa a cikin yankin zinira na gundumar Egwira ya sanya Dutch yanke shawara a cikin 1654 don kama wuraren kasuwancin Faransa da ƙauyuka, wanda ya haɗa da wurin kasuwanci kusa da Sansanin Ruychaver na gaba. Tabbas mutanen ƙasar ba su yaba da kasancewar Dutch a cikin mahaifarsu da yawa ba, amma a lokaci guda sun yi maraba da yuwuwar kasuwanci tare da ikon Turai. Mutanen Holland sun yi ƙoƙarin tabbatar da zaman lafiya mai ɗorewa da ke wanzu a wannan lokacin ta hanyar aika 'yan kasuwar gishiri na Afirka daga Axim zuwa sansanin don yin ciniki tare da Egwira na gida. Zaman lafiya bai dade ba. A cikin 1659, jami'an Dutch a Axim sun lura cewa an toshe hanyoyin sufuri da sadarwa zuwa sansanin, kuma a farkon 1660, saƙo ya isa cewa mazauna yankin sun lalata sansanin, tare da fitar da 'yan kasuwar Axim. Ƙoƙarin da Holland ta yi na sarrafa cinikin zinare ya ci tura. Mutanen Holland kawai sun sabunta ƙoƙarin su a ƙarshen 1830s, a lokacin suna ƙoƙarin kafa ma'adinan zinare na kansu.<ref>{{harvnb|Doortmont|Smit|2007|p=291}}</ref> == Bayanan kula == <references /> == Manazarta == * {{cite book|last1=Doortmont|first1=Michel R.|last2=Smit|first2=Jinna|title=Sources for the Mutual History of Ghana and the Netherlands. An annotated guide to the Dutch archives relating to Ghana and West Africa in the Nationaal Archief, 1593-1960s|publisher=Brill|year=2007|location=Leiden|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-SBwMhYAZw0C&lpg=PA337&ots=asOfQu1m__&dq=Redoubt%20De%20Veer%20elmina&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=978-90-04-15850-4}} * Meredith, Henry (1812). ''An Account of the Gold Coast of Africa: with a brief history of the African Company'', London. * Cruickshank, Brodie (1855). ''Ein achtzehnjähriger Aufenthalt auf der Goldküste Afrika's'', [[Leipzig]]. * Doorman, J. G. (1898). ''Die Niederländisch-West-Indische Compagnie an der Goldküste'', In: ''Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde'' (Batavia), 40 (5/6), pp. 387–496. * Daaku, Kwame Yeboa (1970). ''Trade and politics on the Gold Coast 1600–1720 - A Study of the African Reaction to European Trade'', Oxford. [[Category: Ghana]] ah51nq2x2sdyqfyr86hda695b52si0h 0 26905 892956 715912 2026-08-08T11:20:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Paul Sambo''' (anhaife shi a Janairu 27, 1976) ɗan fim ne a Nijeriya, jarumin masana'antun finafinai na [[Kannywood]] da [[Nollywood]] kuma mai shirya finafinai.<ref name=Prom/> == Rayuwa == An haifi Sambo a [[Bauchi (jiha)|jihar Bauchi ta]] [[Najeriya]].<ref name=Prom>{{Cite web |url=https://m.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/nollywood-star-paul-sambo-mentors-students-on-careers/ |title=Nollywood star, Paul Sambo, mentors students on careers |last=Nwanne |first=Chuks |publisher=Guardian |date=June 23, 2018 |access-date=November 6, 2020}}</ref> <ref name=Ok/> Ya auri Lami Daniel tun Maris 2012. <ref name="Ok" /> ''TheInfoNG'' ta ruwaito ma'auratan cewa sun haifi wata yarinya cikin danginsu a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://theinfong.com/2015/09/actor-paul-sambo-and-wife-welcome-baby-girl-see-photos/ |title=Sambo And Wife Welcome Baby Girl (See Photos) |author=O., Paulinus |date=September 18, 2015 |publisher=TheInfoNG |access-date=November 7, 2020 |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112215425/https://theinfong.com/2015/09/actor-paul-sambo-and-wife-welcome-baby-girl-see-photos/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sai dai an ruwaito cewa yana matukar soyayya da wata mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen talabijin, Juliet Chidinma Mgborukwe, wadda a lokacin aka yi fim tare da ita.<ref name=Ok>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nigeriafilms.com/celebrity-gossips/103-couples-break-ups/17919-after-crashed-marriage-soundcity-s-presenter-juliet-mgborukwe-romances-married-actor-paul-sambo |title=After Crashed Marriage, Soundcity's Presenter, Juliet Mgborukwe Romances Married Actor, Paul Sambo |publisher=Nigeriafilms.com |access-date=November 6, 2020 |archive-date=October 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010010219/https://www.nigeriafilms.com/celebrity-gossips/103-couples-break-ups/17919-after-crashed-marriage-soundcity-s-presenter-juliet-mgborukwe-romances-married-actor-paul-sambo |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sana'a == An nuna shi a matsayin "Mr. Brown" a cikin fim ɗin soyayya na [[Ikechukwu Onyeka]] ''na 2012, Mr. da Mrs.'', also featuring [[Nse Ikpe-Etim|Nse Ikpe Etim]], Joseph Benjamin, [[Thelma Okoduwa]], Paul Apel.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt5465742/ |title=Mr and Mrs (2012) |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=November 7, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/dry-ben-murray-bruce-charles-novia-charley-boy-attend-abuja-premiere/cffr74q |title=Ben Murray Bruce, Charles Novia, Charley Boy attend Abuja premiere |date=August 17, 2015 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria |access-date=November 7, 2020 |archive-date=February 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200209002901/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/dry-ben-murray-bruce-charles-novia-charley-boy-attend-abuja-premiere/cffr74q |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2014, an nuna shi a cikin fim ɗin [[Stephanie Okereke Linus|Stephanie Okereke]] akan VVF mai suna, ''Dry'', wanda kuma ya fito da [[Nollywood]] da [[Liz Benson|kuma tauraro Liz Benson]], ɗan wasan Amurka, William McNamara da ɗan wasan Burtaniya, Darwin Shaw.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thewhistler.ng/nollywood-movie-king-of-boys-to-premiere-october-21/ |title=Nollywood Movie 'King Of Boys' To Premiere October 21 |last=Emmanuel |first=Esther |date=September 4, 2018 |publisher=The Whistler |access-date=November 7, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/291872-photos-nollywood-stars-storm-king-of-boys-premiere.html |title=PHOTOS: Nollywood stars storm 'King of Boys' Premiere |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |date=October 22, 2018 |publisher=Premium Times |access-date=November 6, 2020}}</ref> Ya fito a cikin [[Kemi Adetiba|fim din Kemi Adetiba]] na siyasa mai ban sha'awa 2018, ''King of Boys'', ya kuma fito a [[Adesua Etomi]], [[Sola Sobowale]], Reminisce, Illbliss, [[Osas Ighodaro]], Omoni Oboli, [[Akin Lewis]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/sons-of-the-caliphate-season-finale-of-northern-political-drama-to-air-tonight/4w7e5cy |title=Season finale of Northern political drama to air tonight |website=Pulse Nigeria |date=January 5, 2017 |access-date=November 6, 2020}}</ref> Ya fito a cikin shirin Kenneth Gyang na siyasa mai ban sha'awa na TV, ''Sons of the Caliphate'', inda ya taka rawar "Khalifa".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt10202268/ |title=Sons of the Caliphate (2018 - ) |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=November 6, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.netflix.com/ng/title/81164143?preventIntent=true |title=Sons of the Caliphate |publisher=[[Netflix]] |access-date=November 7, 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Fim ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Ref. |- | 2020 | ''Miji Nagari'' | | | |- | 2019 | ''Soyayya Bata isa ba'' | Dan wasan kwaikwayo | Trailer | |- | 2018 - | ''<nowiki/>'Ya'yan Halifanci'' | Actor ( ''Khalifa'' ) | Jerin Talabijin Na Siyasa | |- | 2018 | ''Sarkin Samari'' | Dan wasan kwaikwayo | Laifukan siyasa mai ban sha'awa | |- | 2014 | ''bushewa'' | Dan wasan kwaikwayo | | |- | rowspan="2" |2012 | ''Mr. da Mrs.'' | Jarumi ( ''Mr. Brown'' ) | | |- | ''Ebube'' | Dan wasan kwaikwayo | | |} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƴan Fim]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] nhd3pg6zvuc0d6xdjh2p9293v3goq3k 0 27377 892792 445550 2026-08-08T08:41:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Omugwo''''' fim ɗin Najeriya ne na 2017 wanda Kunle Afolayan ya bayar da umarni kuma ya rubuta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/omugwo-kunle-afolayan-omowunmi-dada-ayo-adesanya-attend-media-screening/fdg0qs2|title=Kunle Afolayan, Omowunmi Dada, Ayo Adesanya attend media screening|date=2017-04-05|website=www.pulse.ng|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-03|archive-date=2019-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103174942/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/omugwo-kunle-afolayan-omowunmi-dada-ayo-adesanya-attend-media-screening/fdg0qs2|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/228313-kunle-afolayans-latest-flick-omugwo-opens-nigerian-cinemas.html|title=Kunle Afolayan’s latest flick, Omugwo, opens in Nigerian Cinemas - Premium Times Nigeria|last=Augoye|first=Jayne|date=2017-04-08|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-11-03}}</ref> Fim ɗin ya samo asali ne daga al’adar Igbo na [https://senseinthat.ng/culture/omugwo-postpartum-care-in-nigeria-explained/ Omugwo],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-26|title=Omugwo (postpartum care) in Nigeria explained|url=https://senseinthat.ng/culture/omugwo-postpartum-care-in-nigeria-explained/|access-date=2020-11-26|website=senseinthat.ng|language=en-GB}}</ref> al’adar da ake ba da kulawar bayan haihuwa ga sabuwar mahaifiya, musamman uwaye na farko. == Yan wasa == * Ken Erics * Omuwunmi Dada * Patience Ozokwor * Ayo Adesanya ==Manazarta== [[Category:Fina-finan Najeriya]] [[Category:Fina-finai]] 7tjgiea6qi5haqca950q9hraqspgcd3 0 28091 892865 478416 2026-08-08T10:19:10Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gabriele Clarissa Hegerl''' FRS FRSE<ref name="frs2">{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/gabriele-hegerl-13394/|title=Professor Gabriele Hegerl FRS|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|location=London|author=Anon|year=2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523130214/https://royalsociety.org/people/gabriele-hegerl-13394/|archive-date=23 May 2017|df=dmy-all|website=royalsociety.org}} One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: {{quote|“All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under [[Creative Commons license|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]].” --{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111170346/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/|title=Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies|date=2016-11-11}}}}</ref> (an kuma haife ta aranar 9 ga watan Janairu a shekara ta 1962)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/homes/ghegerl/Vita_web2015b.pdf|title=Archived copy|access-date=12 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160824100306/http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/homes/ghegerl/Vita_web2015b.pdf|archive-date=24 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> ita ce Farfesa na Kimiyyar Tsarin yanayi a Jami'ar Edinburgh School of GeoSciences.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120626164103/http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/geosciences/people?indv=1613&cw_xml=person.html People | School of GeoSciences] archived 28 June 2012</ref> Kafin shekarar 2007 ta rike mukamai na bincike a Jami'ar Texas A&M da kuma Makarantar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Duke Nicholas, a lokacin ta kasance jagorar jagorar jagora ga Kwamitin Gudanar da Canjin Yanayi (IPCC) Rahoton Kima na Hudu da Na Biyar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_Chapter10_FINAL.pdf|title=Climate change report|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221070212/http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_Chapter10_FINAL.pdf|archive-date=21 February 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070501031449/http://ipcc-wg1.ucar.edu/wg1/wg1-report.html IPCC AR4]</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Interview of Hegerl] |url=http://coast.gkss.de/staff/storch/Media/interviews/AS/hegerl.1102.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814054746/http://coast.gkss.de/staff/storch/Media/interviews/AS/hegerl.1102.pdf |archive-date=14 August 2011 |df=dmy-all}} by [[Hans von Storch]], March 2011</ref> == Ilimi == [[Fayil:Gabriele Hegerl Royal Society (cropped).jpg|thumb|Gabriele C. Hegerl]] Hegerl ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Ludwig Maximilian ta Munich inda aka ba ta digiri na uku a cikin shekarar 1991<ref name="phd">{{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=University of Munich|year=1991|first=Gabriele Clarissa|last=Hegerl|title=Numerische Lösung der kompressiblen zweidimensionalen Navier-Stokes-Gleichungen in einem zeitabhängigen Gebiet mit Hilfe energievermindernder Randbedingungen|oclc=636829273|url=https://www.tib.eu/en/search/id/TIBKAT%3A027484750/Numerische-L%C3%B6sung-der-kompressiblen-zweidimensionalen/|website=tib.eu}}</ref> inda kasidarta ta yi amfani da maganin lambobi na ma'aunin Navier-Stokes ta amfani da yanayin iyaka.<ref name="phd" /> == Bincike da aiki == Hegerl ta yi bincike<ref>{{Citation|last1=Hegerl|first1=G.|title=The past as guide to the future|journal=Nature|volume=392|issue=6678|pages=758–759|doi=10.1038/33799|year=1998|url=http://www.meteo.psu.edu/holocene/public_html/shared/research/old/hegerl98-nature.pdf|bibcode=1998Natur.392..758H|s2cid=205002951}}</ref><ref name="sense">{{Citation|last1=Hegerl|journal=Nature|bibcode=2006Natur.440.1029H|pmid=16625192|doi=10.1038/nature04679|pages=1029–1032|issue=7087|volume=440|title=Climate sensitivity constrained by temperature reconstructions over the past seven centuries|first1=Gabriele C.|year=2006|first4=David J.|last4=Frame|first3=William T.|last3=Hyde|first2=Thomas J.|last2=Crowley|s2cid=4387059}}</ref><ref name="juckes">{{Citation|last1=Juckes|last8=Weber|url=http://www.clim-past.net/3/591/2007/cp-3-591-2007.pdf|bibcode=2007CliPa...3..591J|doi=10.5194/cp-3-591-2007|pages=591|issue=4|volume=3|journal=Climate of the Past|title=Millennial temperature reconstruction intercomparison and evaluation|year=2007|first8=S. L.|first7=T. J.|first1=M. N.|last7=Osborn|first6=Anders|last6=Moberg|first5=G. C.|last5=Hegerl|first4=J.|last4=Esper|first3=K. R.|last3=Briffa|first2=M. R.|last2=Allen|doi-access=free}}</ref> game da yanayin yanayin yanayin yanayi da canje-canje a yanayi saboda canjin yanayi da kuma canjin yanayi a cikin tilasta radiyo (kamar ɗumamar yanayi, tasirin yanayi na fashewar volcanic da canje-canje a hasken rana). Har ila yau, Hegerl ta jagoranci wani sanannen bincike a kan danganta canjin yanayi na zamani ga fitar da iskar gas mai gurbata yanayi. Ta jagoranci wani bincike na shekarar 2006 da ke nazarin yanayin yanayin yanayi, sannan aka yarda da shi azaman 1.5-4.5K don mayar da martani ga sau biyu na yanayi CO2, don nazarin nazarin binciken da ke nuna cewa yanayin yanayi zai iya zama kamar 7.7K ko ma wuce 9K. Ta hanyar yin amfani da babban tsarin ma'auni na makamashi don daidaita martanin zafin jiki ga canje-canjen tarihi a cikin tasirin tasirin sauye-sauyen hasken rana, fashewar volcanic da iskar gas, da kwatanta wannan da sake gina yanayi, sun samar da kiyasin mai zaman kansa cewa mai yiwuwa hankalin yanayi yana cikin kewayo. na 1.5-6.2K.<ref name="sense" /> A cikin wata hira da jaridar ''The Washington Times'', Hegerl ta ce "sake gina mu yana goyon bayan sauyin yanayi da yawa a baya".<ref>[http://www.washtimes.com/national/20060420-115953-7360r.htm Scientists cool outlook on global warming], The Washington Times – 21 April 2006</ref> Ita shugabar jagora ce mai haɗin kai akan Rahoton Ƙimar Na huɗu na IPCC don Ƙungiya mai Aiki I a cikin babin "Fahimta da Bayar da Canjin Yanayi".<ref>[http://ipcc-wg1.ucar.edu/wg1/wg1-report.html Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Working Group I: The Physical Science Basis of Climate Change] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070501031449/http://ipcc-wg1.ucar.edu/wg1/wg1-report.html|date=1 May 2007}}</ref> An ambaci sake gina ta a shekara ta 2006 a cikin babi na "Paleoclimate" don goyon bayan ƙaddamar da cewa karni na 20 zai iya zama mafi zafi a Arewacin Hemisphere na akalla shekaru 1,300.<ref>IPCC AR4 {{cite web|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch6s6-6.html|title=Section 6.6: The Last 2,000 Years|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328093747/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch6s6-6.html|archive-date=28 March 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ta sake nazarin sake fasalin kwanan nan na rikodin yanayin zafi na shekaru 1000 da suka gabata, kuma a cikin shekarar 2007 sun buga nasu sake ginawa daga wakilai, gano cewa matsakaicin zafin jiki kafin masana'antu a cikin shekaru 1,000 ya fi girma ta hanyar yanayin zafi na kayan aiki na baya-bayan nan. .<ref name="juckes" /> === Littattafan === Littattafan Hegerl<ref name="googlescholar3">{{Google scholar id}}</ref><ref name="scopus">{{Scopus id}}</ref> sun haɗa da: * "Halayen Annular a cikin Da'irar Wuta Mai Kyau. Sashe na II: Trends",<ref name="ThompsonWallace20002">{{cite journal|last1=Thompson|first1=David W. J.|last2=Wallace|first2=John M.|last3=Hegerl|first3=Gabriele C.|title=Annular Modes in the Extratropical Circulation. Part II: Trends|journal=Journal of Climate|volume=13|issue=5|year=2000|pages=1018–1036|issn=0894-8755|doi=10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1018:AMITEC>2.0.CO;2|bibcode=2000JCli...13.1018T|doi-access=free}}</ref> * "Simulation na tasirin tasirin hasken rana akan yanayin duniya tare da yanayin yanayin teku gabaɗaya", na U Cubasch, R Voss, GC Hegerl, J Waszkewitz, TJ Crowley - Climate Dynamics, a shekara ta 1997 * "Ganowa da yatsa da yawa da kuma ƙididdige ƙididdiga na iskar gas, greenhouse gas-plus-aerosol da canjin canjin yanayi", na GC Hegerl, K. Hasselmann, U. Cubasch, JFB Mitchell, E. Roeckner, R. Voss da J. Waszkewitz * "Gano Canjin Yanayi na Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Canjin Yanayi tare da Ingantacciyar Hanyar Hoton Yatsa",<ref name="Hegerlvon Storch1996">{{cite journal|last1=Hegerl|title=Detecting Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change with an Optimal Fingerprint Method|bibcode=1996JCli....9.2281H|doi=10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2281:DGGICC>2.0.CO;2|issn=0894-8755|pages=2281–2306|year=1996|issue=10|volume=9|journal=Journal of Climate|first6=Philip D.|first1=Gabriele C.|last6=Jones|first5=Ulrich|last5=Cubasch|first4=Benjamin D.|last4=Santer|first3=Klaus|last3=Hasselmann|first2=Hans|last2=von Storch|doi-access=free}}</ref> * "Gano canjin yanayi da kuma dalilinsa", na JFB Mitchell, DJ Karoly, GC Hegerl, FW Zwiers, MR… - Canjin Yanayi Na shekarar 2001: Tushen Kimiyya, a shekara ta 2001 * "Tasirin Yanayin Zazzaɓi na Ƙarshen Teku a kan Juyin yanayi a kan Tekun Atlantika mai zafi"<ref name="ChangSaravanan20002">{{cite journal|last1=Chang|volume=13|bibcode=2000JCli...13.2195C|doi=10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2195:TEOLSS>2.0.CO;2|issn=0894-8755|pages=2195–2216|year=2000|issue=13|journal=Journal of Climate|first1=Ping|title=The Effect of Local Sea Surface Temperatures on Atmospheric Circulation over the Tropical Atlantic Sector|first4=G. C.|last4=Hegerl|first3=Link|last3=Ji|first2=R.|last2=Saravanan|doi-access=free}}</ref> * "A kan gano yatsan yatsa da yawa da kuma alaƙar iskar gas- da iska mai ƙarfi da tilasta canjin yanayi"<ref name="fingerprint">{{cite journal|last1=Hegerl|title=Multi-fingerprint detection and attribution analysis of greenhouse gas, greenhouse gas-plus-aerosol and solar forced climate change|s2cid=54682278|hdl=21.11116/0000-0003-2DE4-A|bibcode=1997ClDy...13..613H|doi=10.1007/s003820050186|issn=0930-7575|pages=613–634|year=1997|issue=9|volume=13|journal=Climate Dynamics|first7=J.|first1=G. C.|last7=Waszkewitz|first6=R.|last6=Voss|first5=E.|last5=Roeckner|first4=J. F. B.|last4=Mitchell|first3=U.|last3=Cubasch|first2=K.|last2=Hasselmann|hdl-access=free}} {{closed access}}</ref> === Girmamawa da kyaututtuka === A cikin shekara ta 2013, an zabe ta a matsayin Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rse.org.uk/fellow/gabriele-hegerl/|title=Professor Gabriele Clarissa Hegerl FRSE, FRS - The Royal Society of Edinburgh|work=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|access-date=2018-02-01|language=en-GB}}</ref> kuma a cikin shekara ta 2017 an zabe ta Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS).<ref name="frs2" /> A cikin shekara ta 2018 ta sami digiri na girmamawa ta Jami'ar Leeds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leeds.ac.uk/info/130509/honorary_graduates/644/gabriele_hegerl|title=Gabriele Hegerl|publisher=University of Leeds|date=July 2018|access-date=10 July 2018|archive-date=21 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721095502/https://www.leeds.ac.uk/info/130509/honorary_graduates/644/gabriele_hegerl|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2016, Farfesa Hegerl ya lashe lambar yabo ta Hans Sigrist "saboda aikin kimiyya mai ban sha'awa a filin kyauta na wannan shekara, 'The Fingerprint on the Earth System'"<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-06|title=Prof. Dr. Gabriele Hegerl, University of Edinburgh|url=https://www.sigrist.unibe.ch/news/interviews_with_hans_sigrist_prize_winners/2016_prof_dr_gabriele_hegerl/index_eng.html|access-date=2020-09-02|website=The Hans Sigrist Foundation}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2018 ta zama memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Jamus Leopoldina.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gabriele Hegerl|url=https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/gabriele-hegerl/|publisher=German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina|access-date=26 May 2021}}</ref> == Manazarta == bb98t2o47oogw8gj3namoysscd26xs7 892866 892865 2026-08-08T10:19:22Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gabriele Clarissa Hegerl''' FRS FRSE<ref name="frs2">{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/gabriele-hegerl-13394/|title=Professor Gabriele Hegerl FRS|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|location=London|author=Anon|year=2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523130214/https://royalsociety.org/people/gabriele-hegerl-13394/|archive-date=23 May 2017|df=dmy-all|website=royalsociety.org}} One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: {{quote|“All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under [[Creative Commons license|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]].” --{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111170346/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/|title=Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies|date=2016-11-11}}}}</ref> (an kuma haife ta aranar 9 ga watan Janairu a shekara ta 1962)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/homes/ghegerl/Vita_web2015b.pdf|title=Archived copy|access-date=12 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160824100306/http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/homes/ghegerl/Vita_web2015b.pdf|archive-date=24 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> ita ce Farfesa na Kimiyyar Tsarin yanayi a Jami'ar Edinburgh School of GeoSciences.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120626164103/http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/geosciences/people?indv=1613&cw_xml=person.html People | School of GeoSciences] archived 28 June 2012</ref> Kafin shekarar 2007 ta rike mukamai na bincike a Jami'ar Texas A&M da kuma Makarantar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Duke Nicholas, a lokacin ta kasance jagorar jagorar jagora ga Kwamitin Gudanar da Canjin Yanayi (IPCC) Rahoton Kima na Hudu da Na Biyar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_Chapter10_FINAL.pdf|title=Climate change report|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221070212/http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_Chapter10_FINAL.pdf|archive-date=21 February 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070501031449/http://ipcc-wg1.ucar.edu/wg1/wg1-report.html IPCC AR4]</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Interview of Hegerl] |url=http://coast.gkss.de/staff/storch/Media/interviews/AS/hegerl.1102.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814054746/http://coast.gkss.de/staff/storch/Media/interviews/AS/hegerl.1102.pdf |archive-date=14 August 2011 |df=dmy-all}} by [[Hans von Storch]], March 2011</ref> == Ilimi == [[Fayil:Gabriele Hegerl Royal Society (cropped).jpg|thumb|Gabriele C. Hegerl]] Hegerl ta kuma yi karatu a Jami'ar Ludwig Maximilian ta Munich inda aka ba ta digiri na uku a cikin shekarar 1991<ref name="phd">{{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=University of Munich|year=1991|first=Gabriele Clarissa|last=Hegerl|title=Numerische Lösung der kompressiblen zweidimensionalen Navier-Stokes-Gleichungen in einem zeitabhängigen Gebiet mit Hilfe energievermindernder Randbedingungen|oclc=636829273|url=https://www.tib.eu/en/search/id/TIBKAT%3A027484750/Numerische-L%C3%B6sung-der-kompressiblen-zweidimensionalen/|website=tib.eu}}</ref> inda kasidarta ta yi amfani da maganin lambobi na ma'aunin Navier-Stokes ta amfani da yanayin iyaka.<ref name="phd" /> == Bincike da aiki == Hegerl ta yi bincike<ref>{{Citation|last1=Hegerl|first1=G.|title=The past as guide to the future|journal=Nature|volume=392|issue=6678|pages=758–759|doi=10.1038/33799|year=1998|url=http://www.meteo.psu.edu/holocene/public_html/shared/research/old/hegerl98-nature.pdf|bibcode=1998Natur.392..758H|s2cid=205002951}}</ref><ref name="sense">{{Citation|last1=Hegerl|journal=Nature|bibcode=2006Natur.440.1029H|pmid=16625192|doi=10.1038/nature04679|pages=1029–1032|issue=7087|volume=440|title=Climate sensitivity constrained by temperature reconstructions over the past seven centuries|first1=Gabriele C.|year=2006|first4=David J.|last4=Frame|first3=William T.|last3=Hyde|first2=Thomas J.|last2=Crowley|s2cid=4387059}}</ref><ref name="juckes">{{Citation|last1=Juckes|last8=Weber|url=http://www.clim-past.net/3/591/2007/cp-3-591-2007.pdf|bibcode=2007CliPa...3..591J|doi=10.5194/cp-3-591-2007|pages=591|issue=4|volume=3|journal=Climate of the Past|title=Millennial temperature reconstruction intercomparison and evaluation|year=2007|first8=S. L.|first7=T. J.|first1=M. N.|last7=Osborn|first6=Anders|last6=Moberg|first5=G. C.|last5=Hegerl|first4=J.|last4=Esper|first3=K. R.|last3=Briffa|first2=M. R.|last2=Allen|doi-access=free}}</ref> game da yanayin yanayin yanayin yanayi da canje-canje a yanayi saboda canjin yanayi da kuma canjin yanayi a cikin tilasta radiyo (kamar ɗumamar yanayi, tasirin yanayi na fashewar volcanic da canje-canje a hasken rana). Har ila yau, Hegerl ta jagoranci wani sanannen bincike a kan danganta canjin yanayi na zamani ga fitar da iskar gas mai gurbata yanayi. Ta jagoranci wani bincike na shekarar 2006 da ke nazarin yanayin yanayin yanayi, sannan aka yarda da shi azaman 1.5-4.5K don mayar da martani ga sau biyu na yanayi CO2, don nazarin nazarin binciken da ke nuna cewa yanayin yanayi zai iya zama kamar 7.7K ko ma wuce 9K. Ta hanyar yin amfani da babban tsarin ma'auni na makamashi don daidaita martanin zafin jiki ga canje-canjen tarihi a cikin tasirin tasirin sauye-sauyen hasken rana, fashewar volcanic da iskar gas, da kwatanta wannan da sake gina yanayi, sun samar da kiyasin mai zaman kansa cewa mai yiwuwa hankalin yanayi yana cikin kewayo. na 1.5-6.2K.<ref name="sense" /> A cikin wata hira da jaridar ''The Washington Times'', Hegerl ta ce "sake gina mu yana goyon bayan sauyin yanayi da yawa a baya".<ref>[http://www.washtimes.com/national/20060420-115953-7360r.htm Scientists cool outlook on global warming], The Washington Times – 21 April 2006</ref> Ita shugabar jagora ce mai haɗin kai akan Rahoton Ƙimar Na huɗu na IPCC don Ƙungiya mai Aiki I a cikin babin "Fahimta da Bayar da Canjin Yanayi".<ref>[http://ipcc-wg1.ucar.edu/wg1/wg1-report.html Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Working Group I: The Physical Science Basis of Climate Change] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070501031449/http://ipcc-wg1.ucar.edu/wg1/wg1-report.html|date=1 May 2007}}</ref> An ambaci sake gina ta a shekara ta 2006 a cikin babi na "Paleoclimate" don goyon bayan ƙaddamar da cewa karni na 20 zai iya zama mafi zafi a Arewacin Hemisphere na akalla shekaru 1,300.<ref>IPCC AR4 {{cite web|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch6s6-6.html|title=Section 6.6: The Last 2,000 Years|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328093747/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch6s6-6.html|archive-date=28 March 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ta sake nazarin sake fasalin kwanan nan na rikodin yanayin zafi na shekaru 1000 da suka gabata, kuma a cikin shekarar 2007 sun buga nasu sake ginawa daga wakilai, gano cewa matsakaicin zafin jiki kafin masana'antu a cikin shekaru 1,000 ya fi girma ta hanyar yanayin zafi na kayan aiki na baya-bayan nan. .<ref name="juckes" /> === Littattafan === Littattafan Hegerl<ref name="googlescholar3">{{Google scholar id}}</ref><ref name="scopus">{{Scopus id}}</ref> sun haɗa da: * "Halayen Annular a cikin Da'irar Wuta Mai Kyau. Sashe na II: Trends",<ref name="ThompsonWallace20002">{{cite journal|last1=Thompson|first1=David W. J.|last2=Wallace|first2=John M.|last3=Hegerl|first3=Gabriele C.|title=Annular Modes in the Extratropical Circulation. Part II: Trends|journal=Journal of Climate|volume=13|issue=5|year=2000|pages=1018–1036|issn=0894-8755|doi=10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1018:AMITEC>2.0.CO;2|bibcode=2000JCli...13.1018T|doi-access=free}}</ref> * "Simulation na tasirin tasirin hasken rana akan yanayin duniya tare da yanayin yanayin teku gabaɗaya", na U Cubasch, R Voss, GC Hegerl, J Waszkewitz, TJ Crowley - Climate Dynamics, a shekara ta 1997 * "Ganowa da yatsa da yawa da kuma ƙididdige ƙididdiga na iskar gas, greenhouse gas-plus-aerosol da canjin canjin yanayi", na GC Hegerl, K. Hasselmann, U. Cubasch, JFB Mitchell, E. Roeckner, R. Voss da J. Waszkewitz * "Gano Canjin Yanayi na Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Canjin Yanayi tare da Ingantacciyar Hanyar Hoton Yatsa",<ref name="Hegerlvon Storch1996">{{cite journal|last1=Hegerl|title=Detecting Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change with an Optimal Fingerprint Method|bibcode=1996JCli....9.2281H|doi=10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2281:DGGICC>2.0.CO;2|issn=0894-8755|pages=2281–2306|year=1996|issue=10|volume=9|journal=Journal of Climate|first6=Philip D.|first1=Gabriele C.|last6=Jones|first5=Ulrich|last5=Cubasch|first4=Benjamin D.|last4=Santer|first3=Klaus|last3=Hasselmann|first2=Hans|last2=von Storch|doi-access=free}}</ref> * "Gano canjin yanayi da kuma dalilinsa", na JFB Mitchell, DJ Karoly, GC Hegerl, FW Zwiers, MR… - Canjin Yanayi Na shekarar 2001: Tushen Kimiyya, a shekara ta 2001 * "Tasirin Yanayin Zazzaɓi na Ƙarshen Teku a kan Juyin yanayi a kan Tekun Atlantika mai zafi"<ref name="ChangSaravanan20002">{{cite journal|last1=Chang|volume=13|bibcode=2000JCli...13.2195C|doi=10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2195:TEOLSS>2.0.CO;2|issn=0894-8755|pages=2195–2216|year=2000|issue=13|journal=Journal of Climate|first1=Ping|title=The Effect of Local Sea Surface Temperatures on Atmospheric Circulation over the Tropical Atlantic Sector|first4=G. C.|last4=Hegerl|first3=Link|last3=Ji|first2=R.|last2=Saravanan|doi-access=free}}</ref> * "A kan gano yatsan yatsa da yawa da kuma alaƙar iskar gas- da iska mai ƙarfi da tilasta canjin yanayi"<ref name="fingerprint">{{cite journal|last1=Hegerl|title=Multi-fingerprint detection and attribution analysis of greenhouse gas, greenhouse gas-plus-aerosol and solar forced climate change|s2cid=54682278|hdl=21.11116/0000-0003-2DE4-A|bibcode=1997ClDy...13..613H|doi=10.1007/s003820050186|issn=0930-7575|pages=613–634|year=1997|issue=9|volume=13|journal=Climate Dynamics|first7=J.|first1=G. C.|last7=Waszkewitz|first6=R.|last6=Voss|first5=E.|last5=Roeckner|first4=J. F. B.|last4=Mitchell|first3=U.|last3=Cubasch|first2=K.|last2=Hasselmann|hdl-access=free}} {{closed access}}</ref> === Girmamawa da kyaututtuka === A cikin shekara ta 2013, an zabe ta a matsayin Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rse.org.uk/fellow/gabriele-hegerl/|title=Professor Gabriele Clarissa Hegerl FRSE, FRS - The Royal Society of Edinburgh|work=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|access-date=2018-02-01|language=en-GB}}</ref> kuma a cikin shekara ta 2017 an zabe ta Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS).<ref name="frs2" /> A cikin shekara ta 2018 ta sami digiri na girmamawa ta Jami'ar Leeds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leeds.ac.uk/info/130509/honorary_graduates/644/gabriele_hegerl|title=Gabriele Hegerl|publisher=University of Leeds|date=July 2018|access-date=10 July 2018|archive-date=21 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721095502/https://www.leeds.ac.uk/info/130509/honorary_graduates/644/gabriele_hegerl|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2016, Farfesa Hegerl ya lashe lambar yabo ta Hans Sigrist "saboda aikin kimiyya mai ban sha'awa a filin kyauta na wannan shekara, 'The Fingerprint on the Earth System'"<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-06|title=Prof. Dr. Gabriele Hegerl, University of Edinburgh|url=https://www.sigrist.unibe.ch/news/interviews_with_hans_sigrist_prize_winners/2016_prof_dr_gabriele_hegerl/index_eng.html|access-date=2020-09-02|website=The Hans Sigrist Foundation}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2018 ta zama memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Jamus Leopoldina.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gabriele Hegerl|url=https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/gabriele-hegerl/|publisher=German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina|access-date=26 May 2021}}</ref> == Manazarta == iyntn31en66ghc2y6xp3yatgcuy0tvo 892868 892866 2026-08-08T10:20:08Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gabriele Clarissa Hegerl''' FRS FRSE<ref name="frs2">{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/gabriele-hegerl-13394/|title=Professor Gabriele Hegerl FRS|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|location=London|author=Anon|year=2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523130214/https://royalsociety.org/people/gabriele-hegerl-13394/|archive-date=23 May 2017|df=dmy-all|website=royalsociety.org}} One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: {{quote|“All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under [[Creative Commons license|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]].” --{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111170346/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/|title=Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies|date=2016-11-11}}}}</ref> (an kuma haife ta aranar 9 ga watan Janairu a shekara ta 1962)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/homes/ghegerl/Vita_web2015b.pdf|title=Archived copy|access-date=12 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160824100306/http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/homes/ghegerl/Vita_web2015b.pdf|archive-date=24 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> ita ce Farfesa na Kimiyyar Tsarin yanayi a Jami'ar Edinburgh School of GeoSciences.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120626164103/http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/geosciences/people?indv=1613&cw_xml=person.html People | School of GeoSciences] archived 28 June 2012</ref> Kafin shekarar 2007 ta rike mukamai na bincike a Jami'ar Texas A&M da kuma Makarantar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Duke Nicholas, a lokacin ta kasance jagorar jagorar jagora ga Kwamitin Gudanar da Canjin Yanayi (IPCC) Rahoton Kima na Hudu da Na Biyar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_Chapter10_FINAL.pdf|title=Climate change report|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221070212/http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_Chapter10_FINAL.pdf|archive-date=21 February 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070501031449/http://ipcc-wg1.ucar.edu/wg1/wg1-report.html IPCC AR4]</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Interview of Hegerl] |url=http://coast.gkss.de/staff/storch/Media/interviews/AS/hegerl.1102.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814054746/http://coast.gkss.de/staff/storch/Media/interviews/AS/hegerl.1102.pdf |archive-date=14 August 2011 |df=dmy-all}} by [[Hans von Storch]], March 2011</ref> == Ilimi == [[Fayil:Gabriele Hegerl Royal Society (cropped).jpg|thumb|Gabriele C. Hegerl]] Hegerl ta kuma yi karatu a Jami'ar Ludwig Maximilian ta Munich inda aka ba ta digiri na uku a cikin shekarar 1991<ref name="phd">{{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=University of Munich|year=1991|first=Gabriele Clarissa|last=Hegerl|title=Numerische Lösung der kompressiblen zweidimensionalen Navier-Stokes-Gleichungen in einem zeitabhängigen Gebiet mit Hilfe energievermindernder Randbedingungen|oclc=636829273|url=https://www.tib.eu/en/search/id/TIBKAT%3A027484750/Numerische-L%C3%B6sung-der-kompressiblen-zweidimensionalen/|website=tib.eu}}</ref> inda kasidarta ta yi amfani da maganin lambobi na ma'aunin Navier-Stokes ta amfani da yanayin iyaka.<ref name="phd" /> == Bincike da aiki == Hegerl ta yi bincike<ref>{{Citation|last1=Hegerl|first1=G.|title=The past as guide to the future|journal=Nature|volume=392|issue=6678|pages=758–759|doi=10.1038/33799|year=1998|url=http://www.meteo.psu.edu/holocene/public_html/shared/research/old/hegerl98-nature.pdf|bibcode=1998Natur.392..758H|s2cid=205002951}}</ref><ref name="sense">{{Citation|last1=Hegerl|journal=Nature|bibcode=2006Natur.440.1029H|pmid=16625192|doi=10.1038/nature04679|pages=1029–1032|issue=7087|volume=440|title=Climate sensitivity constrained by temperature reconstructions over the past seven centuries|first1=Gabriele C.|year=2006|first4=David J.|last4=Frame|first3=William T.|last3=Hyde|first2=Thomas J.|last2=Crowley|s2cid=4387059}}</ref><ref name="juckes">{{Citation|last1=Juckes|last8=Weber|url=http://www.clim-past.net/3/591/2007/cp-3-591-2007.pdf|bibcode=2007CliPa...3..591J|doi=10.5194/cp-3-591-2007|pages=591|issue=4|volume=3|journal=Climate of the Past|title=Millennial temperature reconstruction intercomparison and evaluation|year=2007|first8=S. L.|first7=T. J.|first1=M. N.|last7=Osborn|first6=Anders|last6=Moberg|first5=G. C.|last5=Hegerl|first4=J.|last4=Esper|first3=K. R.|last3=Briffa|first2=M. R.|last2=Allen|doi-access=free}}</ref> game da yanayin yanayin yanayin yanayi da canje-canje a yanayi saboda canjin yanayi da kuma canjin yanayi a cikin tilasta radiyo (kamar ɗumamar yanayi, tasirin yanayi na fashewar volcanic da canje-canje a hasken rana). Har ila yau, Hegerl ta jagoranci wani sanannen bincike a kan danganta canjin yanayi na zamani ga fitar da iskar gas mai gurbata yanayi. Ta jagoranci wani bincike na shekarar 2006 da ke nazarin yanayin, sannan kuma aka yarda da shi azaman 1.5-4.5K don mayar da martani ga sau biyu na yanayi CO2, don nazarin nazarin binciken da ke nuna cewa yanayin yanayi zai iya zama kamar 7.7K ko ma wuce 9K. Ta hanyar yin amfani da babban tsarin ma'auni na makamashi don daidaita martanin zafin jiki ga canje-canjen tarihi a cikin tasirin tasirin sauye-sauyen hasken rana, fashewar volcanic da iskar gas, da kwatanta wannan da sake gina yanayi, sun samar da kiyasin mai zaman kansa cewa mai yiwuwa hankalin yanayi yana cikin kewayo. na 1.5-6.2K.<ref name="sense" /> A cikin wata hira da jaridar ''The Washington Times'', Hegerl ta ce "sake gina mu yana goyon bayan sauyin yanayi da yawa a baya".<ref>[http://www.washtimes.com/national/20060420-115953-7360r.htm Scientists cool outlook on global warming], The Washington Times – 21 April 2006</ref> Ita shugabar jagora ce mai haɗin kai akan Rahoton Ƙimar Na huɗu na IPCC don Ƙungiya mai Aiki I a cikin babin "Fahimta da Bayar da Canjin Yanayi".<ref>[http://ipcc-wg1.ucar.edu/wg1/wg1-report.html Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Working Group I: The Physical Science Basis of Climate Change] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070501031449/http://ipcc-wg1.ucar.edu/wg1/wg1-report.html|date=1 May 2007}}</ref> An ambaci sake gina ta a shekara ta 2006 a cikin babi na "Paleoclimate" don goyon bayan ƙaddamar da cewa karni na 20 zai iya zama mafi zafi a Arewacin Hemisphere na akalla shekaru 1,300.<ref>IPCC AR4 {{cite web|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch6s6-6.html|title=Section 6.6: The Last 2,000 Years|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328093747/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch6s6-6.html|archive-date=28 March 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ta sake nazarin sake fasalin kwanan nan na rikodin yanayin zafi na shekaru 1000 da suka gabata, kuma a cikin shekarar 2007 sun buga nasu sake ginawa daga wakilai, gano cewa matsakaicin zafin jiki kafin masana'antu a cikin shekaru 1,000 ya fi girma ta hanyar yanayin zafi na kayan aiki na baya-bayan nan. .<ref name="juckes" /> === Littattafan === Littattafan Hegerl<ref name="googlescholar3">{{Google scholar id}}</ref><ref name="scopus">{{Scopus id}}</ref> sun haɗa da: * "Halayen Annular a cikin Da'irar Wuta Mai Kyau. Sashe na II: Trends",<ref name="ThompsonWallace20002">{{cite journal|last1=Thompson|first1=David W. J.|last2=Wallace|first2=John M.|last3=Hegerl|first3=Gabriele C.|title=Annular Modes in the Extratropical Circulation. Part II: Trends|journal=Journal of Climate|volume=13|issue=5|year=2000|pages=1018–1036|issn=0894-8755|doi=10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1018:AMITEC>2.0.CO;2|bibcode=2000JCli...13.1018T|doi-access=free}}</ref> * "Simulation na tasirin tasirin hasken rana akan yanayin duniya tare da yanayin yanayin teku gabaɗaya", na U Cubasch, R Voss, GC Hegerl, J Waszkewitz, TJ Crowley - Climate Dynamics, a shekara ta 1997 * "Ganowa da yatsa da yawa da kuma ƙididdige ƙididdiga na iskar gas, greenhouse gas-plus-aerosol da canjin canjin yanayi", na GC Hegerl, K. Hasselmann, U. Cubasch, JFB Mitchell, E. Roeckner, R. Voss da J. Waszkewitz * "Gano Canjin Yanayi na Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Canjin Yanayi tare da Ingantacciyar Hanyar Hoton Yatsa",<ref name="Hegerlvon Storch1996">{{cite journal|last1=Hegerl|title=Detecting Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change with an Optimal Fingerprint Method|bibcode=1996JCli....9.2281H|doi=10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2281:DGGICC>2.0.CO;2|issn=0894-8755|pages=2281–2306|year=1996|issue=10|volume=9|journal=Journal of Climate|first6=Philip D.|first1=Gabriele C.|last6=Jones|first5=Ulrich|last5=Cubasch|first4=Benjamin D.|last4=Santer|first3=Klaus|last3=Hasselmann|first2=Hans|last2=von Storch|doi-access=free}}</ref> * "Gano canjin yanayi da kuma dalilinsa", na JFB Mitchell, DJ Karoly, GC Hegerl, FW Zwiers, MR… - Canjin Yanayi Na shekarar 2001: Tushen Kimiyya, a shekara ta 2001 * "Tasirin Yanayin Zazzaɓi na Ƙarshen Teku a kan Juyin yanayi a kan Tekun Atlantika mai zafi"<ref name="ChangSaravanan20002">{{cite journal|last1=Chang|volume=13|bibcode=2000JCli...13.2195C|doi=10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2195:TEOLSS>2.0.CO;2|issn=0894-8755|pages=2195–2216|year=2000|issue=13|journal=Journal of Climate|first1=Ping|title=The Effect of Local Sea Surface Temperatures on Atmospheric Circulation over the Tropical Atlantic Sector|first4=G. C.|last4=Hegerl|first3=Link|last3=Ji|first2=R.|last2=Saravanan|doi-access=free}}</ref> * "A kan gano yatsan yatsa da yawa da kuma alaƙar iskar gas- da iska mai ƙarfi da tilasta canjin yanayi"<ref name="fingerprint">{{cite journal|last1=Hegerl|title=Multi-fingerprint detection and attribution analysis of greenhouse gas, greenhouse gas-plus-aerosol and solar forced climate change|s2cid=54682278|hdl=21.11116/0000-0003-2DE4-A|bibcode=1997ClDy...13..613H|doi=10.1007/s003820050186|issn=0930-7575|pages=613–634|year=1997|issue=9|volume=13|journal=Climate Dynamics|first7=J.|first1=G. C.|last7=Waszkewitz|first6=R.|last6=Voss|first5=E.|last5=Roeckner|first4=J. F. B.|last4=Mitchell|first3=U.|last3=Cubasch|first2=K.|last2=Hasselmann|hdl-access=free}} {{closed access}}</ref> === Girmamawa da kyaututtuka === A cikin shekara ta 2013, an zabe ta a matsayin Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rse.org.uk/fellow/gabriele-hegerl/|title=Professor Gabriele Clarissa Hegerl FRSE, FRS - The Royal Society of Edinburgh|work=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|access-date=2018-02-01|language=en-GB}}</ref> kuma a cikin shekara ta 2017 an zabe ta Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS).<ref name="frs2" /> A cikin shekara ta 2018 ta sami digiri na girmamawa ta Jami'ar Leeds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leeds.ac.uk/info/130509/honorary_graduates/644/gabriele_hegerl|title=Gabriele Hegerl|publisher=University of Leeds|date=July 2018|access-date=10 July 2018|archive-date=21 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721095502/https://www.leeds.ac.uk/info/130509/honorary_graduates/644/gabriele_hegerl|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2016, Farfesa Hegerl ya lashe lambar yabo ta Hans Sigrist "saboda aikin kimiyya mai ban sha'awa a filin kyauta na wannan shekara, 'The Fingerprint on the Earth System'"<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-06|title=Prof. Dr. Gabriele Hegerl, University of Edinburgh|url=https://www.sigrist.unibe.ch/news/interviews_with_hans_sigrist_prize_winners/2016_prof_dr_gabriele_hegerl/index_eng.html|access-date=2020-09-02|website=The Hans Sigrist Foundation}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2018 ta zama memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Jamus Leopoldina.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gabriele Hegerl|url=https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/gabriele-hegerl/|publisher=German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina|access-date=26 May 2021}}</ref> == Manazarta == 801x93gheonfkr8niu7wzwdvq5cx9pv 892869 892868 2026-08-08T10:20:25Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gabriele Clarissa Hegerl''' FRS FRSE<ref name="frs2">{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/gabriele-hegerl-13394/|title=Professor Gabriele Hegerl FRS|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|location=London|author=Anon|year=2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523130214/https://royalsociety.org/people/gabriele-hegerl-13394/|archive-date=23 May 2017|df=dmy-all|website=royalsociety.org}} One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: {{quote|“All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under [[Creative Commons license|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]].” --{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111170346/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/|title=Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies|date=2016-11-11}}}}</ref> (an kuma haife ta aranar 9 ga watan Janairu a shekara ta 1962)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/homes/ghegerl/Vita_web2015b.pdf|title=Archived copy|access-date=12 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160824100306/http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/homes/ghegerl/Vita_web2015b.pdf|archive-date=24 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> ita ce Farfesa na Kimiyyar Tsarin yanayi a Jami'ar Edinburgh School of GeoSciences.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120626164103/http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/geosciences/people?indv=1613&cw_xml=person.html People | School of GeoSciences] archived 28 June 2012</ref> Kafin shekarar 2007 ta rike mukamai na bincike a Jami'ar Texas A&M da kuma Makarantar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Duke Nicholas, a lokacin ta kasance jagorar jagorar jagora ga Kwamitin Gudanar da Canjin Yanayi (IPCC) Rahoton Kima na Hudu da Na Biyar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_Chapter10_FINAL.pdf|title=Climate change report|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221070212/http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_Chapter10_FINAL.pdf|archive-date=21 February 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070501031449/http://ipcc-wg1.ucar.edu/wg1/wg1-report.html IPCC AR4]</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Interview of Hegerl] |url=http://coast.gkss.de/staff/storch/Media/interviews/AS/hegerl.1102.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814054746/http://coast.gkss.de/staff/storch/Media/interviews/AS/hegerl.1102.pdf |archive-date=14 August 2011 |df=dmy-all}} by [[Hans von Storch]], March 2011</ref> == Ilimi == [[Fayil:Gabriele Hegerl Royal Society (cropped).jpg|thumb|Gabriele C. Hegerl]] Hegerl ta kuma yi karatu a Jami'ar Ludwig Maximilian ta Munich inda aka ba ta digiri na uku a cikin shekarar 1991<ref name="phd">{{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=University of Munich|year=1991|first=Gabriele Clarissa|last=Hegerl|title=Numerische Lösung der kompressiblen zweidimensionalen Navier-Stokes-Gleichungen in einem zeitabhängigen Gebiet mit Hilfe energievermindernder Randbedingungen|oclc=636829273|url=https://www.tib.eu/en/search/id/TIBKAT%3A027484750/Numerische-L%C3%B6sung-der-kompressiblen-zweidimensionalen/|website=tib.eu}}</ref> inda kasidarta ta yi amfani da maganin lambobi na ma'aunin Navier-Stokes ta amfani da yanayin iyaka.<ref name="phd" /> == Bincike da aiki == Hegerl ta yi bincike<ref>{{Citation|last1=Hegerl|first1=G.|title=The past as guide to the future|journal=Nature|volume=392|issue=6678|pages=758–759|doi=10.1038/33799|year=1998|url=http://www.meteo.psu.edu/holocene/public_html/shared/research/old/hegerl98-nature.pdf|bibcode=1998Natur.392..758H|s2cid=205002951}}</ref><ref name="sense">{{Citation|last1=Hegerl|journal=Nature|bibcode=2006Natur.440.1029H|pmid=16625192|doi=10.1038/nature04679|pages=1029–1032|issue=7087|volume=440|title=Climate sensitivity constrained by temperature reconstructions over the past seven centuries|first1=Gabriele C.|year=2006|first4=David J.|last4=Frame|first3=William T.|last3=Hyde|first2=Thomas J.|last2=Crowley|s2cid=4387059}}</ref><ref name="juckes">{{Citation|last1=Juckes|last8=Weber|url=http://www.clim-past.net/3/591/2007/cp-3-591-2007.pdf|bibcode=2007CliPa...3..591J|doi=10.5194/cp-3-591-2007|pages=591|issue=4|volume=3|journal=Climate of the Past|title=Millennial temperature reconstruction intercomparison and evaluation|year=2007|first8=S. L.|first7=T. J.|first1=M. N.|last7=Osborn|first6=Anders|last6=Moberg|first5=G. C.|last5=Hegerl|first4=J.|last4=Esper|first3=K. R.|last3=Briffa|first2=M. R.|last2=Allen|doi-access=free}}</ref> game da yanayin yanayin yanayin yanayi da canje-canje a yanayi saboda canjin yanayi da kuma canjin yanayi a cikin tilasta radiyo (kamar ɗumamar yanayi, tasirin yanayi na fashewar volcanic da canje-canje a hasken rana). Har ila yau, Hegerl ta jagoranci wani sanannen bincike a kan danganta canjin yanayi na zamani ga fitar da iskar gas mai gurbata yanayi. Ta jagoranci wani bincike na shekarar 2006 da ke nazarin yanayin, sannan kuma aka yarda da shi azaman 1.5-4.5K don mayar da martani ga sau biyu na yanayi CO2, don nazarin nazarin binciken da ke nuna cewa yanayin yanayi zai iya zama kamar 7.7K ko ma wuce 9K. Ta hanyar yin amfani da babban tsarin ma'auni na makamashi don daidaita martanin zafin jiki ga canje-canjen tarihi a cikin tasirin tasirin sauye-sauyen hasken rana, fashewar volcanic da iskar gas, da kwatanta wannan da sake gina yanayi, sun samar da kiyasin mai zaman kansa cewa mai yiwuwa hankalin yanayi yana cikin kewayo. na 1.5-6.2K.<ref name="sense" /> A cikin wata hira da jaridar ''The Washington Times'', Hegerl ta ce "sake gina mu yana goyon bayan sauyin yanayi da yawa a baya".<ref>[http://www.washtimes.com/national/20060420-115953-7360r.htm Scientists cool outlook on global warming], The Washington Times – 21 April 2006</ref> Ita shugabar jagora ce mai haɗin kai akan Rahoton Ƙimar Na huɗu na IPCC don Ƙungiya mai Aiki I a cikin babin "Fahimta da Bayar da Canjin Yanayi".<ref>[http://ipcc-wg1.ucar.edu/wg1/wg1-report.html Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Working Group I: The Physical Science Basis of Climate Change] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070501031449/http://ipcc-wg1.ucar.edu/wg1/wg1-report.html|date=1 May 2007}}</ref> An ambaci sake gina ta a shekara ta 2006 a cikin babi na "Paleoclimate" don goyon bayan ƙaddamar da cewa karni na 20 zai iya zama mafi zafi a Arewacin Hemisphere na akalla shekaru 1,300.<ref>IPCC AR4 {{cite web|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch6s6-6.html|title=Section 6.6: The Last 2,000 Years|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328093747/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch6s6-6.html|archive-date=28 March 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ta kuma kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ta sake nazarin sake fasalin kwanan nan na rikodin yanayin zafi na shekaru 1000 da suka gabata, kuma a cikin shekarar 2007 sun buga nasu sake ginawa daga wakilai, gano cewa matsakaicin zafin jiki kafin masana'antu a cikin shekaru 1,000 ya fi girma ta hanyar yanayin zafi na kayan aiki na baya-bayan nan. .<ref name="juckes" /> === Littattafan === Littattafan Hegerl<ref name="googlescholar3">{{Google scholar id}}</ref><ref name="scopus">{{Scopus id}}</ref> sun haɗa da: * "Halayen Annular a cikin Da'irar Wuta Mai Kyau. Sashe na II: Trends",<ref name="ThompsonWallace20002">{{cite journal|last1=Thompson|first1=David W. J.|last2=Wallace|first2=John M.|last3=Hegerl|first3=Gabriele C.|title=Annular Modes in the Extratropical Circulation. Part II: Trends|journal=Journal of Climate|volume=13|issue=5|year=2000|pages=1018–1036|issn=0894-8755|doi=10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1018:AMITEC>2.0.CO;2|bibcode=2000JCli...13.1018T|doi-access=free}}</ref> * "Simulation na tasirin tasirin hasken rana akan yanayin duniya tare da yanayin yanayin teku gabaɗaya", na U Cubasch, R Voss, GC Hegerl, J Waszkewitz, TJ Crowley - Climate Dynamics, a shekara ta 1997 * "Ganowa da yatsa da yawa da kuma ƙididdige ƙididdiga na iskar gas, greenhouse gas-plus-aerosol da canjin canjin yanayi", na GC Hegerl, K. Hasselmann, U. Cubasch, JFB Mitchell, E. Roeckner, R. Voss da J. Waszkewitz * "Gano Canjin Yanayi na Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Canjin Yanayi tare da Ingantacciyar Hanyar Hoton Yatsa",<ref name="Hegerlvon Storch1996">{{cite journal|last1=Hegerl|title=Detecting Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change with an Optimal Fingerprint Method|bibcode=1996JCli....9.2281H|doi=10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2281:DGGICC>2.0.CO;2|issn=0894-8755|pages=2281–2306|year=1996|issue=10|volume=9|journal=Journal of Climate|first6=Philip D.|first1=Gabriele C.|last6=Jones|first5=Ulrich|last5=Cubasch|first4=Benjamin D.|last4=Santer|first3=Klaus|last3=Hasselmann|first2=Hans|last2=von Storch|doi-access=free}}</ref> * "Gano canjin yanayi da kuma dalilinsa", na JFB Mitchell, DJ Karoly, GC Hegerl, FW Zwiers, MR… - Canjin Yanayi Na shekarar 2001: Tushen Kimiyya, a shekara ta 2001 * "Tasirin Yanayin Zazzaɓi na Ƙarshen Teku a kan Juyin yanayi a kan Tekun Atlantika mai zafi"<ref name="ChangSaravanan20002">{{cite journal|last1=Chang|volume=13|bibcode=2000JCli...13.2195C|doi=10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2195:TEOLSS>2.0.CO;2|issn=0894-8755|pages=2195–2216|year=2000|issue=13|journal=Journal of Climate|first1=Ping|title=The Effect of Local Sea Surface Temperatures on Atmospheric Circulation over the Tropical Atlantic Sector|first4=G. C.|last4=Hegerl|first3=Link|last3=Ji|first2=R.|last2=Saravanan|doi-access=free}}</ref> * "A kan gano yatsan yatsa da yawa da kuma alaƙar iskar gas- da iska mai ƙarfi da tilasta canjin yanayi"<ref name="fingerprint">{{cite journal|last1=Hegerl|title=Multi-fingerprint detection and attribution analysis of greenhouse gas, greenhouse gas-plus-aerosol and solar forced climate change|s2cid=54682278|hdl=21.11116/0000-0003-2DE4-A|bibcode=1997ClDy...13..613H|doi=10.1007/s003820050186|issn=0930-7575|pages=613–634|year=1997|issue=9|volume=13|journal=Climate Dynamics|first7=J.|first1=G. C.|last7=Waszkewitz|first6=R.|last6=Voss|first5=E.|last5=Roeckner|first4=J. F. B.|last4=Mitchell|first3=U.|last3=Cubasch|first2=K.|last2=Hasselmann|hdl-access=free}} {{closed access}}</ref> === Girmamawa da kyaututtuka === A cikin shekara ta 2013, an zabe ta a matsayin Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rse.org.uk/fellow/gabriele-hegerl/|title=Professor Gabriele Clarissa Hegerl FRSE, FRS - The Royal Society of Edinburgh|work=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|access-date=2018-02-01|language=en-GB}}</ref> kuma a cikin shekara ta 2017 an zabe ta Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS).<ref name="frs2" /> A cikin shekara ta 2018 ta sami digiri na girmamawa ta Jami'ar Leeds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leeds.ac.uk/info/130509/honorary_graduates/644/gabriele_hegerl|title=Gabriele Hegerl|publisher=University of Leeds|date=July 2018|access-date=10 July 2018|archive-date=21 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721095502/https://www.leeds.ac.uk/info/130509/honorary_graduates/644/gabriele_hegerl|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2016, Farfesa Hegerl ya lashe lambar yabo ta Hans Sigrist "saboda aikin kimiyya mai ban sha'awa a filin kyauta na wannan shekara, 'The Fingerprint on the Earth System'"<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-06|title=Prof. Dr. Gabriele Hegerl, University of Edinburgh|url=https://www.sigrist.unibe.ch/news/interviews_with_hans_sigrist_prize_winners/2016_prof_dr_gabriele_hegerl/index_eng.html|access-date=2020-09-02|website=The Hans Sigrist Foundation}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2018 ta zama memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Jamus Leopoldina.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gabriele Hegerl|url=https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/gabriele-hegerl/|publisher=German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina|access-date=26 May 2021}}</ref> == Manazarta == eib2esfas5edu12rqyuincjincfasee 3 28200 892659 891254 2026-08-07T21:22:47Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Language Diversity Hub evaluation survey: your input needed! */ sabon sashe 892659 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hussaini Mohammed Inusa! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hussaini Mohammed Inusa|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 00:01, 24 Disamba 2021 (UTC) == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2022 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twentysecond newsletter, covering December 2022. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 13, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> '''Meetings''' * January 15: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|Online user group meeting]] (SDG all) '''Activities''' * [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 15) * [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13) * [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 & 13) '''News''' * [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2022/11/28/museology-myosotis-and-metadata-oh-my-sharing-sustainably-in-wikipedia/ Museology, Myosotis, and metadata oh my! Sharing sustainably in Wikipedia] (SDG 15) '''Resources''' * New Book: [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-05182-1 Open Mapping Towards Sustainable Development Goals] (SDG all) '''Videos''' * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t66i3ztg-1E&t=1717s Margaret Donald - Wikidata, OpenRefine & Biota] (SDG 15) '''Featured content''' * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_alismatid_families|List of alismatid families]] (SDG 15) '''New Wikidata properties''' * [[d:Property:P11231|has biological vector]] (SDG 15) * [[d:Property:P11272|Bureau of Meteorology location ID]] (SDG 13) * [[d:Property:P11277|CIViC gene ID]] (SDG 3) * [[d:Property:P11281|Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11282|Tanzania Parliament member ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11311|Lygaeoidea Species File ID]] (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 14:37, 1 ga Janairu, 2023 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=24307628 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2023 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twentythird newsletter, covering January 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 16<!-- insert related SDGs here -->.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> '''Meetings''' * Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|19 February - User group meeting]] (SDG all) * Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230115|15 January - User group meeting]] (SDG all) '''Activities''' * Ongoing: [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 14) * Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13) * Upcoming: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/Dunedin_5|The 2023 Bug of the Year Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 14) * Past: [https://dicare.toolforge.org/lexemes/challenge.php?id=74 Lexeme challenge Urology] (SDG 3) * Past: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Veckans_tävling/Grodor_versus_ödlor|Swedish Wikipedia weekly challenge - Frogs versus lizards]] (SDG 14) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December_2022/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Three_hundred_episodes_of_Critter_of_the_Week|Three hundred episodes of Critter of the Week]] (SDG 14) * Past: [https://zenodo.org/record/7521891#.Y9p6MdLMKw4 Wikidata Queries around the SARS-CoV-2 virus and pandemic] (SDG 3) * Past: [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 & 13) '''News''' * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/05/the-stories-behind-the-wiki-loves-earth-2022-photos-from-turkiye/ The stories behind the Wiki Loves Earth 2022 photos from Türkiye] (SDG 14) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/05/announcing-our-funding-support-from-the-patient-centered-outcomes-research-institute-pcori/ Announcing our funding support from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)] (SDG 3) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/04/jumping-for-science-how-wikipedia-assignments-inspire-stem-students/ Jumping for science: how Wikipedia assignments inspire STEM students] (SDG 14) * [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Birds_of_NYC_Photo_Contest/Winners|Birds of NYC Photo Contest Winners announced!]] (SDG 14) * [https://anchor.fm/civichackerpodcast/episodes/Using-Wikidata-to-Connect-Constituents-With-Their-Government-e1or922 Using Wikidata to Connect Constituents With Their Government] (SDG 16) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/23/wiki-loves-earth-2022-presents-the-winners-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment/ Wiki Loves Earth 2022 presents the winners of the special nomination “Human rights and environment”!] (SDG 10 & 14) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/19/equity-diversity-inclusion-in-affiliate-governance/ Equity, diversity & inclusion in affiliate governance] (SDG 5 & 10) '''Resources''' * [https://www.databricks.com/blog/2023/01/26/building-life-sciences-knowledge-graph-data-lake.htmlBuilding a Life Sciences Knowledge Graph with a Data Lake] (SDG 3) '''Videos''' * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HW6YxXRL18 Editor uses Wikidata to find new uses for existing drugs and speed up approval process for new treatments] (SDG 3) * [[c:File:WikiForHumanRights_Information_Session_2023.webm|WikiForHumanRights Information Session]] (SDG 10) '''Featured content''' * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_birds_of_Tuvalu|List of birds of Tuvalu]] (SDG 14) * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Laos|List of World Heritage Sites in Laos]] (SDG 11) * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bangladesh|List of World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh]] (SDG 11) '''New Wikidata properties''' * [[d:Property:P11429|NIP]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11402|NSR doctor ID]] (SDG 3) * [[d:/Property:P11430|UniProt disease ID]] (SDG 3) * [[d:Property:P11446|Strazha ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11500|United States House of Representatives ID]] (SDG 16) </div> This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 16:25, 1 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=24426147 --> == Request for filling up Google Form for Feminism and Folklore 2023 == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg | logo.svg|right|frameless|300px]] Greetings Organisers, We appreciate your enthusiasm for '''Feminism and Folklore''' and your initiative in setting up the competition on your local wikipedia. We would want to learn more about the needs of your community and for that please fill out the google form ([https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScusayFXTzNWV-QgIiT3bRHQbAs_pVczvput2jehOcahnCdMg/viewform here]) as soon as possible so that we can plan and adapt the demands according to your specifications. By February 8, 2023, all entries for this form will be closed. Do share about the contest on your local Wikipedia. Ask your local administrator to add Feminism and Folklore to [[Mediawiki:Sitenotice]]. Create your own or see an example [[:m:User:Tiven2240/sn-fnf|on meta]] Also a reminder regarding the prior Google form sent for Internet and Childcare Support Financial Aid ([https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this]). Anyone who hasn't already filled it out has until February 5, 2023 to do so. Feel free to contact us via talkpage if you have any questions or concerns. Thanks and Regards, Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team --[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] ([[User talk:Tiven2240|talk]]) 17:22, 5 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2023 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twentyfourth newsletter, covering February 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16<!-- insert related SDGs here -->.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> '''Meetings''' * [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|2023-03-05 User group meeting]] (SDG all) * [[m:2023-03-19 User group meeting|Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting]] (SDG all) '''Activities''' * Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13) * Ongoing: [[wikimania:2023:Program/Submissions|Suggest "Environmental sustainability and climate crisis" topics for Wikimania]] (SDG all) * Ongoing: [[m:Africa_Environment|Africa Environment WikiFocus]] (SDG 13) * Past: [https://www.eventbrite.com/x/edit-for-climate-change-wikipedia-editathon-registration-526291811977 Edit for Climate Change: Wikipedia Editathon] (SDG 13) * Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|Capacity Building Sessions on "Tools for Finding the Right Articles" and "Building Article List with Petscan"]] (SDG 10 & 13) * Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Resources|Regional Office Hours for Africa and Maghreb Regions]] (SDG 10 & 13) '''News''' * [https://observablehq.com/@thadk/garden NCBI breakdown of common garden foods with photographs by Phytotheca] (SDG 2) '''Resources''' * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Sweden_report|3000 Arctic images]] (SDG 13) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Content_Partnerships_Hub_report|SMART-Servier Medical Art upload]] (SDG 3) '''Research''' * [https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/sustainability/ Open Source in Environmental Sustainability] (SDG 13) '''New Wikidata properties''' * [[d:Property:P11576|Norwegian war prisoner detention camp ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11587|Iowa legislator ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11610|National Grid Balancing Mechanism unit ID]] (SDG 7) '''Wikidata query examples''' * [https://w.wiki/5Vu8 Map of disasters by type] (SDG 11) '''Featured articles''' * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:South_Asian_river_dolphin|South Asian river dolphin]] (SDG 14) * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sri_Lanka|List of World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka]] (SDG 11) * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_lamiid_families|List of lamiid families]] (SDG 15) </div> <gallery mode=packed caption="Featured images"> File:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96.jpg|Three horses (SDG 15) File:Hunter_baby_chameleon.jpg|Hunter baby chameleon (SDG 15) File:Rice_paper_butterfly_%2816709%29.jpg|Rice paper butterfly (SDG 15) File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28top_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (top view) (SDG 15) File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28side_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (side view).jpg (SDG 15) File:Mockingbird_on_the_North_Lake_Trail_%2836851%29.jpg|Mockingbird on the North Lake Trail (SDG 15) File:Striated_Pardalote_0012.jpg|Striated Pardalote (SDG 15) File:Kleines_Wiesenv%C3%B6gelchen_am_Morgen.jpg|Wiesenvögelchen (SDG 15) File:Immature_herring_gull_%2816259%29.jpg|Herring gull (SDG 15) File:Northern_shoveler_male_in_Marine_Park_%2833296%29.jpg|Northern shoveler (SDG 15) </gallery> This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 18:57, 1 ga Maris, 2023 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=24647320 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2023 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twentyfifth newsletter, covering March 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 13, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> '''Meetings''' * Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all) * Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230305|User group meeting 2023-03-05]] (SDG all) '''Activities''' * Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13) * Upcoming: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/30/join-the-wikiforhumanrights-campaign-and-contribute-knowledge-that-connects-human-rights-with-solutions-for-a-sustainable-future/ WikiForHumanRights] (SDG 10 & 13) * Upcoming: April 19 - [[m:Translat-a-thon/NYC/2023|LaGuardia Community College Earth Day Translatathon with Casa de las Américas NYC]] (SDG 13) * Upcoming: April 22 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_2023_Bushwick|Earth Day 2023 Edit-a-thon Environment of Brooklyn Focus with Sure We Can]] (SDG 13) * Upcoming: April 23 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_Wiknic|Earth Day Wiknic NYC]] (SDG 13) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/WMF_GLAM_report|Gender and culture related event to test image suggestions on Wikipedia]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[m:Feminism_and_Folklore_2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[m:Edit_a_thon/artfeminism-edit-a-thon-for-nigerian-female-artists-2023|Art+Feminism edit-a-thon for Nigerian female artists]] (SDG 5) '''News''' * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/08/putting-our-energy-into-wikipedia-as-climate-action/ Putting our energy into Wikipedia as climate action] (SDG 13) * [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/07/how-artfeminism-is-using-wikipedia-to-promote-equity-in-the-art-world/ How Art+Feminism is using Wikipedia to promote equity in the art world] (SDG 5) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/New_Zealand_report|Biodiversity Heritage Library and Wikidata]] (SDG 15) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/USA_report|Black history month and more]] (SDG 10) * [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/14/women-do-news-tackling-the-gender-divide-in-journalism-through-wikipedia/ Women Do News: Tackling the Gender Divide in Journalism Through Wikipedia] (SDG 5) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/17/wiki-loves-earth-2023-is-starting/ Wiki Loves Earth 2023 is starting!] (SDG 15) * [https://medium.com/@openheritagefoundation/the-quest-to-close-the-gender-gap-on-wikipedia-continues-five-year-anniversary-with-feminism-ebd7a3b3185e The Quest to Close the Gender Gap on Wikipedia Continues; Five-Year Anniversary with Feminism & Folklore] (SDG 5) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/28/wikigap-malaysia-2023-empowering-women-in-indigenous-languages/ WikiGap Malaysia 2023: Empowering women in indigenous languages] (SDG 5) * [https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/climate-crisis/wikipedia-has-a-climatetech-problem Wikipedia has a climatetech problem] (SDG 13) '''New Wikidata properties''' * [[d:Property:P11623|NCI Drug Dictionary ID]] (SDG 3) * [[d:Property:P11649|Malaysia Federal Legislation act ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11650|Moscow University Herbarium ID]] (SDG 15) * [[d:Property:P11666|Norwegian Petroleum Directorate field ID]] (SDG 13) '''Featured content''' * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_Saxifragales_families|List of Saxifragales families]] (SDG 15) * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:Red-throated_wryneck|Red-throated wryneck]] (SDG 15) </div> <gallery mode=packed caption="Featured images"> Ourapteryx_yerburii_ssp._specimens_and_male_genitalia.jpg|Ourapteryx yerburii ssp. specimens and male genitalia (SDG 15) Pterophorus_pentadactyla_-_Keila.jpg|Pterophorus pentadactyla (SDG 15) Wood_duck_drake_%2886815%29.jpg|Wood duck drake (SDG 15) Cardinal_%2886755%29.jpg|Cardinal (SDG 15) Bunten_Kronwicke_%28Securigera_varia%29_Bl%C3%BCte-20200626-RM-173640.jpg|Bunten Kronwicke (Securigera varia) (SDG 15) Neubrunn_Steinbruch_Blutrote_Heidelibelle_%28Sympetrum_sanguineum%29_8262082.jpg|Sympetrum sanguineum (SDG 15) Boerenkrokus_%28Crocus_tommasinianus%29_28-02-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Crocus tommasinianus (SDG 15) Papaya_-_longitudinal_section_close-up_view.jpg|Papaya - longitudinal section close-up view (SDG 15) Aphantopus_hyperantus_-_Keila.jpg|Aphantopus hyperantus (SDG 15) Australian_Zebra_Finch_0A2A3013.jpg|Australian Zebra Finch (SDG 15) Melospiza_melodia_JRVdH_03.jpg|Melospiza melodia (SDG 15) Roadside_hawk_%28Rupornis_magnirostris_griseocauda%29_eating_speckled_racer_%28Drymobius_margaritiferus%29_Orange_Walk.jpg|Roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda) eating speckled racer (Drymobius margaritiferus) (SDG 15) Black_iguana_%28Ctenosaura_similis%29_Cayo.jpg|Black iguana (Ctenosaura similis) (SDG 15) Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28side_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (side view) (SDG 15) Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28dorsal_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (dorsal view) (SDG 15) Fr%C3%BChlings-Knotenblume_%28Leucojum_vernum%29-20230220-RM-161056.jpg|Frühlings-Knotenblume (Leucojum vernum) (SDG 15) Ocellated_turkey_%28Meleagris_ocellata%29_male_Peten.jpg|Ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata) male (SDG 15) Geoffroy%27s_spider_monkey_%28Ateles_geoffroyi_yucatanensis%29_Peten_2.jpg|Geoffroy's spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis) (SDG 15) Bessen_van_een_Ophiopogon_planiscapus_%27Niger%27._28-02-2023._%28d.j.b%29.jpg|Ophiopogon planiscapus (SDG 15) Protaetic_cuprea_ignicollis_2023-03-22_IZE-066.jpg|Protaetic cuprea ignicollis (SDG 15) Monarch_butterflies_%28Danaus_plexippus_plexippus%29_Piedra_Herrada_2.jpg|Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus plexippus) (SDG 15) Cepaea_nemoralis_Paarung-20230314-RM-110511.jpg|Cepaea nemoralis (SDG 15) Wiesen_Pippau_%28Crepis_biennis%29-20220624-RM-123950.jpg|Crepis biennis (SDG 15) Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) Cayo.jpg|Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) (SDG 15) Trifolium_spadiceum_-_Niitv%C3%A4lja.jpg|Trifolium spadiceum (SDG 15) </gallery> This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 07:42, 1 ga Afirilu, 2023 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=24816279 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2023 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twenty-sixth newsletter, covering April 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> '''Meetings''' * Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting 2023-05-07]] (SDG all) * Past: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20230402|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all) '''Activities''' * Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13) * Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_the_Challenge|WikiForHumanRights 2023 International Writing Contest]] (SDG 13, 14, 6) * Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_Community_Events|WikiForHumanRights 2023 local community events]] (SDG 13, 15, 14, 6) * Ongoing: [[m:Wiki_Climate_Campus_Tour_Nigeria|WikiCampusTourNigeria Project]] (SDG 6, 13, 14, 15) * Upcoming (and past): [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Kvinnor,_arkitektur_och_design|Women, architecture and design]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Albania_report|WikiGap Tirana 2023, Albania]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|BBC 100 women editathon]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Kosovo_report|WikiGAP in Prishtina]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Switzerland_report|15 Days of French women writers]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/DC/TSU_USF_Women%27s_History_Month_Wikipedia_Edit-a-thon|TSU USF Women's History Month Wikipedia Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:WikiProject_Smithsonian_AWHI/Meetup/Crafting_a_Better_Wikipedia:_Women_of_Color_in_the_Renwick_Gallery|Crafting a Better Wikipedia: Women of Color in the Renwick Gallery]] (SDG 5) '''News''' * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/07/tuswug-s2e2-women-in-wiki/ TUSWUG S2E2: Women in Wiki] (SDG 5) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/13/inaugural-edition-of-the-organizer-lab-awards-6-community-grants/ Inaugural edition of the organizer lab awards – 6 community grants] (SDG 5 & SDG 13) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/29/bolstering-womens-voices-and-histories-on-wikipedia/ Bolstering women’s voices and histories on Wikipedia] (SDG 5) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|A huge upload for biologists]] (SDG 15) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycPPBhuQPhs&ab_channel=WikimediaFoundation WikiForHumanRights 2023 Launch Webinar] (SDG 13, 14, 6) * [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|WikiForHumanRights 2023 and WMF Human Rights Team Online Safety Capacity Building for Organizers]] (SDG 13) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLBSSlrI2vo WikiForHummanRights 2023 and Let's Connect Capacity building on good practices for retention] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/living-through-a-triple-planetary-emergency-capturing-the-most-impactful-knowledge-to-weather-the-storm/ Living through a Triple Planetary Emergency: Capturing the Most Impactful Knowledge to Weather the Storm] (SDG 10 & SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/wikimedia-foundation-environmental-sustainability-report-for-2022/ Wikimedia Foundation Environmental Sustainability Report for 2022] (SDG 13) * [[:File:Wikimedia_h%C3%A5llbarhetsrapport_2022.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige sustainability report 2022]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13) '''Research''' * [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12964 Hypotheses in urban ecology: building a common knowledge base] (SDG 15) '''New Wikidata properties''' * [[d:Property:P11698|student retention rate]] (SDG 4) * [[d:Property:P11704|INEP ID]] (SDG 4) [51] * [[d:Property:P11729|Kulturenvanteri.com ID]] (SDG 11) * [[d:Property:P11747|holds diplomatic passport of]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11741|SINTA affiliation ID]] (SDG 4) '''Featured content''' * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_afrosoricids|List of afrosoricids]] (SDG 15) </div> <gallery mode=packed caption="Featured images"> Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15) Leptura_quadrifasciata_female_-_Keila.jpg|Leptura quadrifasciata (SDG 15) Bursa_lamarckii_01.jpg|Bursa lamarckii (SDG 15) Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_head_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15) Western_Bowerbird_0A2A0436.jpg|Chlamydera guttata (SDG 15) White-breasted_nuthatch_%2826471%29.jpg|Sitta carolinensis (SDG 15) Patzmannsdorf_-_K%C3%BCrbisfeld_mit_Pfarrkirche_und_Raiffeisen-Silo_in_Stronsdorf.jpg|Pumpkin field (SDG 2) Cinnamon-bellied_flowerpiercer_%28Diglossa_baritula%29_male_on_Indian_shot_%28Canna_indica%29_Finca_El_Pilar.jpg|Diglossa baritula & Canna indica (SDG 15) Knoppen_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer_platanoides%29._03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer platanoides (SDG 15) Cinnamon_hummingbird_%28Amazilia_rutila%29_in_flight_Los_Tarrales.jpg|Amazilia rutila (SDG 15) Passion_fruits_-_whole_and_halved.jpg|Passiflora edulis (SDG 15) Golden-fronted_%28Velasquez%27s%29_woodpecker_%28Melanerpes_aurifrons%29_male_Copan.jpg|Melanerpes aurifrons (SDG 15) Argiope_spider_female_adult_on_her_web_dorsal_view_black_background_Don_Det_Laos.jpg|Argiope versicolor (SDG 15) Daslook._Allium_ursinum%2C_zwellende_bloemknop._18-04-2022_%28actm.%29_04.jpg|Allium ursinum (SDG 15) Fallen_leaf_of_Platanus_x_hispanica_%281%29.jpg|Platanus x hispanica (SDG 15) Thymelicus_lineola_underside_-_Keila.jpg|Thymelicus lineola (SDG 15) Japanse_esdoorn_%28Acer_palmatum%29_03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer palmatum (SDG 15) [38] Common_kestrel_%28Falco_tinnunculus%29_female_%28IMGP1648r2-DNA%29.jpg|Falco tinnunculus (SDG 15) [39] California_sea_lion_nap_time_in_La_Jolla_%2870474%29.jpg|Zalophus californianus (SDG 15) [40] Bladknop_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer%29._13-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29_01.jpg|Acer pseudoplatanus (SDG 15) Tamarind_fruits_%28Tamarindus_indica_%27Si_Thong%27%29.jpg|Tamarindus indica (SDG 15) White_leucistic_squirrel_with_a_peanut_%2885668%29.jpg|Sciurus carolinensis (SDG 15) [43] Fork-tailed_flycatcher_%28Tyrannus_savana_monachus%29_in_flight_Cayo.jpg|Tyrannus savana monachus (SDG 15) Rapa_incurva_01.jpg|Rapa incurva (SDG 15) Arboreal_stingless_bee_nest_%28Trigona_sp.%29_Flores.jpg|Trigona sp. (SDG 15) </gallery> This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 19:31, 2 Mayu 2023 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=24969562 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2023 - Local prize winners == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Congratulations on your remarkable achievement of winning a local prize in the '''Feminism and Folklore 2023''' writing competition! We greatly appreciate your valuable contribution and the effort you put into documenting your local Folk culture and Women on Wikipedia. To ensure you receive your prize, please take a moment to complete the preferences form before the 1st of July 2023. You can access the form [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdWlxDwI6UgtPXPfjQTbVjgnAYUMSYqShA5kEe4P4N5zwxaEw/viewform?usp=sf_link by clicking here]. We kindly request you to submit the form before the deadline to avoid any potential disappointments. If you have any questions or require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us via talkpage or Email. We are more than happy to help. Best wishes, [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|FNF 2023 International Team]] ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:47, 10 ga Yuni, 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf2023&oldid=25134473 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2023 - A Heartfelt Appreciation for Your Impactful Contribution! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|center|500px]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikimedian, We extend our sincerest gratitude to you for making an extraordinary impact in the '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition. Your remarkable dedication and efforts have been instrumental in bridging cultural and gender gaps on Wikipedia. We are truly grateful for the time and energy you've invested in this endeavor. As a token of our deep appreciation, we'd love to send you a special postcard. It serves as a small gesture to convey our immense thanks for your involvement in the competition. To ensure you receive this token of appreciation, kindly fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeXZaej264LOTM0WQBq9QiGGAC1SWg_pbPByD7gp3sC4j7VKQ/viewform this form] by August 15th, 2023. Looking ahead, we are thrilled to announce that we'll be hosting Feminism and Folklore in 2024. We eagerly await your presence in the upcoming year as we continue our journey to empower and foster inclusivity. Once again, thank you for being an essential part of our mission to promote feminism and preserve folklore on Wikipedia. With warm regards, '''Feminism and Folklore International Team'''. --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:37, 25 ga Yuli, 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf2023p&oldid=25345565 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2023 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twenty-seventh newsletter, a sort of year-in-review for 2023.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> Dear Wikimedians for Sustainable Development, As we bid farewell to 2023, we reflect on a year that has been an uneven year for our user group. While the journey has been marked by some truly inspiring events, most of our efforts have been largely uncoordinated and the user group hasn't been the support it could have been. Yet, there's a glimmer of hope and a world of potential for 2024. '''Highlights of 2023:''' ;Newsletters Galore: We kicked off the year with zeal, sharing updates and inspiration through four newsletters. The number of things happening in the movement is astounding, but we need to rethink the format of the newsletter going into the next year. ;Growing Strong: The Wikimedians for Sustainable Development family welcomed 33 new members in 2023. Your passion and dedication continue to inspire us, and we look forward to nurturing this community spirit in the year ahead. ;Wikimania Talks: Our voices echoed far and wide at Wikimania, where several members of our community took the virtual stage to share insights and ideas about everything from Wikipedians-in-Residence's to open data. Your contributions showcased our commitment to sustainable development on a global scale. ;Content Creation Magic: Throughout the year, our extended community demonstrated incredible dedication to expanding the knowledge base on Wikipedia. Countless hours were spent creating and curating content that aligns with our mission, contributing to a more sustainable digital ecosystem. ;Campaigning hard: We saw a large variety of campaigns, from writing challenges to editathons. The willingness to experiment with new formats and partners, as well as learning from past efforts, shows great promise for the future. '''Acknowledging Challenges:''' While we celebrate these achievements, we acknowledge that 2023 presented its fair share of challenges. A lack of global coordination reminded us that the road to sustainable development is not always linear. However, it is precisely these challenges that fuel our determination to work together more cohesively in the coming year and proof that the user group is needed. '''Hopeful Anticipation for 2024:''' As we turn the page to 2024, let's carry forward the lessons learned and the successes celebrated. We are optimistic that, with renewed energy and a collective commitment, we will overcome obstacles and create an even more impactful and connected Wikimedians for Sustainable Development community. Here's to a year of collaboration, growth, and making a lasting impact on the world through our shared passion for sustainability. Together, we can turn challenges into opportunities and pave the way for a brighter future. Wishing you all a joyous holiday season and a Happy New Year! Warm regards, [[m:User:Ainali|User:Ainali]], [[m:User:Daniel Mietchen|User:Daniel Mietchen]] PS. We have started writing [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|our yearly report]], please add your activities to it. This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 17:23, 1 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=25817439 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twenty-eighth newsletter.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> <!--Add content here --> ; User group news * We have submitted our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|2023 annual report]]. * Upcoming meeting: on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|9 February]], we'll have a call about roles and responsibilities in the user group. This is an attempt to make more opportunities to engage more of the user groups members in its activities. If you want to help out in some way, but don't know how, this is a meeting for you to get help creating that opportunity. If you know how you would like to help, but don't know how to get started, this is also the meeting for you. ; Other news * New Wikiproject for Climate Change on Basque Wikipedia: [[:eu:Wikiproiektu:Klima aldaketa|Wikiproiektu Klima Aldaketa]] * Climate Justice, Digital Rights and Indigenous Voices international Wikimedia event in Huaraz, Peru 2024: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeDIuZQ61v35y3Q293ZV9YjNWOHsgwvq3t2XjP2cQ0OHG-EPA/viewform Engagement Survey] (closes 2 Feb) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 20:22, 2 ga Faburairu, 2024 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=26169519 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twenty-ninth newsletter.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * On 9 February, we had a user group meeting on roles and responsibilities ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240209|minutes]]) * Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 17 March]] ; Other news * Wiki Loves Earth: Reminder that if you want to [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Earth_2024/Organise|organize a local competition]], it is time to get started. (SDG 15 and 14) * Wiki for Human Rights: Reminder that if you would like to [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|organize a local event]], there is support available. (SDG 10) * Study: [https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/650852934/Meier_Wiki_Climate.pdf Using Wikipedia Pageview Data to Investigate Public Interest in Climate Change at a Global Scale] (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 10:40, 9 ga Maris, 2024 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=26331508 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirtieth newsletter covering March and April 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * * Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 19 May]] ; Other news * [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2024-03-29/Recent_research#Other_recent_publications|Wikipedia Signpost highlighted five papers about climate change editing]]. (SDG 13) * On Wikidata, [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|a model for documenting green house gas emissions]] has been created. (SDG 13) * [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/EPA_Victoria_WiR_April_2024_Update An update] from the Wikipedian in Residence at the Environment Protection Authority in Victoria, Australia. * WikiAcción Perú organized a training session: "[[m:Volunteer Supporters Network/VSN Training: Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement|Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement]]" (SDG 13) * WikiForHumanRights organized a session: "[[m:Event:Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage|Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage]]" ; Events * [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, starts in May. (SDG 14 & 15) * [[m:Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region|Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region]] starts in May. (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 19:17, 1 Mayu 2024 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=26428292 --> == Tunatarwa don jefa kuri'a yanzu don zaɓar membobin U4C na farko == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|Kuna iya samun wannan sakon da aka fassara zuwa ƙarin harsuna akan Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Ya ku 'yan Wikimedia, Kuna karɓar wannan saƙo saboda a baya kun shiga cikin tsarin UCoC. Wannan tunatarwa ce cewa lokacin jefa ƙuri'a na Kwamitin Daidaitawa da Gamayyar Tsarin Gudanarwa (U4C) yana ƙare ranar 9 ga Mayu, 2024. Karanta bayanin akan [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Shafin jefa ƙuri'a akan Meta-wiki]] don ƙarin koyo game da zaɓe da cancantar masu jefa ƙuri'a. Kwamitin Daidaitawa da Gamayyar Tsarin Gudanarwa (U4C) ƙungiya ce ta duniya da aka keɓe don samar da daidaito da daidaiton aiwatar da UCoC. An gayyaci membobin al'umma don gabatar da aikace-aikacen su na U4C. Don ƙarin bayani da alhakin U4C, da fatan [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|sake duba Tsarin Dokan ta U4C]]. Da fatan za a raba wannan sakon tare da membobin al'ummar ku don su ma su shiga ciki. A madadin Kungiyar Ayyukan UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 23:11, 2 Mayu 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list_2&oldid=26721207 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirtyfirst newsletter, covering May 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> <!--Add content here --> ; User group news * Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]], 16 June * [[m:Talk:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development#Mini_report_from_the_Wikimedia_Summit_2024|Mini report from the Wikimedia Summit 2024]] * [https://wikipediapodden.se/jan-ainali-wikimedians-for-sustainable-development-wikimedia-summit-2024-265/ User group representative interviewed by Wikipediapodden] at Wikimedia Summit ([[:File:WP265 - Jan Ainali, Wikimedians for Sustainable Development, Wikimedia Summit 2024.mp3|commons]]) * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240519|Minutes from user group meeting in May]] ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/05/02/reflecting-_women-for-sustainability-africa-arts-feminism-her-voice-campaign-2023/ Reflecting _Women For Sustainability Africa Arts + Feminism #Her Voice Campaign 2023] * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Macedonia report: Climate change and GLAM]] (SDG 13) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library April monthly highlights]] (SDG 14 & 15) * [https://www.nature.com/articles/d44148-024-00166-y WikiProject Biodiversity featured in Nature Africa] (SDG 14 & 15) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFWS7hfetZk Wikimedia UK releases a video about their climate focus] (SDG 13) ; Events * [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, continues in some countries. (SDG 14 & 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 13:18, 1 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=26852366 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirtysecond newsletter, covering June 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 13, 14, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Movement Charter Vote|User group vote on the adoption of the Movement Charter]] (closes 7 July 23.59 UTC) * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming user group meeting]] 21 July * User group meeting held in June - [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240616|minutes]] * The group was featured in the latest WikiAfrica Hour: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B6VI20qopk #36: Does the Wikimedia movement contribute to the SDGs?] ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/stories-from-the-anti-disinformation-repository-how-wikiproject-covid-19-and-other-wikimedia-initiatives-counter-health-disinformation/ Stories from the anti-disinformation repository: How WikiProject COVID-19 and other Wikimedia initiatives counter health disinformation] (SDG 3) * [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/Environment_Centre_NT_Wikipedian_in_Residence Environment Centre Northern Territory Wikipedian in Residence] (SDG 15) * [https://www.gp.se/debatt/med-ai-kan-vi-oka-transparensen-om-foretagens-klimatavtryck.2dd4e006-57e3-4534-a0be-70ca56a289e4 With AI can we increase transparency of companies' carbon footprints] (in Swedish). Op-ed that mentions that the greenhouse gas emissions of the top 150 companies on the Stockholm stock exchange has been uploaded to Wikidata. The model is documented on [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|WikiProject Climate Change on Wikidata]]. (SDG 13) * [[wmfblog:2024/06/25/another-year-in-review-where-is-wikimedia-in-the-climate-crisis-seeing-the-impact-of-wikimedia-projects/|Another Year in Review: Where is Wikimedia in the Climate Crisis? Seeing the impact of Wikimedia Projects]] (SDG 13) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/06/24/46-scholars-self-advocates-bring-knowledge-to-wikipedias-disability-healthcare-content/ 46 scholars, self-advocates bring knowledge to Wikipedia’s disability healthcare content] (SDG 3) * [[c:File:Wikimedia klimatpåverkansrapport 2023.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige publishes their 2023 climate impact report]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13) * WikiProject Govdirectory has started [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Weekly collaboration|weekly collaboration on countries]] (SDG 16) ; Events * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/wikimedia-chapters-and-groups-organise-the-first-sharks-and-rays-wikimarathon/ Wikimedia chapters and groups organise the first Sharks and Rays Wikimarathon] (29 June, but edits in the weeks after are welcome) (SDG 14) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 09:27, 1 ga Yuli, 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27039469 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty third newsletter, covering July 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 10, 13, and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting held in July, [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240721|minutes]] * Next user group meeting will be 18 August ; Other news * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Climate change editahon and workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/wikiforhumanrights-in-nigeria-2024-campaign-virtual-launch/ WikiForHumanRights in Nigeria 2024 Campaign Virtual Launch] (SDG 10&16) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/what-we-learned-from-wiki-women-in-red-8-campaign-2023-women-for-sustainability-africa/ What we Learned from Wiki Women In Red @8 Campaign 2023 Women for Sustainability Africa] (SDG 5) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/ghanaian-wikipedians-set-to-educate-students-on-open-climate/ Ghanaian Wikipedians set to educate students on Open Climate] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/23/using-wikipedia-as-a-tool-for-climate-action/ Using Wikipedia as a Tool for Climate Action] (SDG 13) ; Events * 5th August, [[m:Event:Wiki-Green_Conference_2024 Wiki-Green Conference]] (SDG 13) * 7-10 August, Wikimania - [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|All SDG related sessions]] * 7-9 November, [https://wikimedia.org.ar/2024/07/03/justicia-climatica-voces-indigenas-y-plataformas-wikimedia/ Justicia climática, voces indígenas y plataformas Wikimedia] (SDG 13) ; Participate * Share an example of a successful [[m:Campaigns/WikiProjects|WikiProject or topical collaboration]] in this on-wiki survey This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 18:57, 1 ga Augusta, 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27042528 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 11, 15, and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20240915|Next user group meeting]], 15 September, will be focused on starting to develop a strategy for the group. If you cannot attend, you can leave your input on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030/Ideas|the ideas page]]. * User group meeting held in August ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240818|minutes]]) ; Other news * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|Report from WikiProject International Botanical Congress 2024]] (SDG 15) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Meeting for Writing on Femenist Strikes and Wiki for Peace Camp St. Imier]] (SDG 5 & 16) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]] (SDG 15) * Wikimania had a lot of [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|SDG related sessions]] and you can watch them back now ; Events * [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Monuments 2024|Wiki Loves Monuments]] starts in September (SDG 11) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 06:24, 2 Satumba 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27262444 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty-fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240915|User group meeting held in September on strategy for the group]] ; Other news * [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2024/Submissions/Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region|Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region]], presentation at CEE meeting. ([https://www.youtube.com/live/iB3KNFtA4xI?t=6739 YouTube]) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/09/30/all-about-wiki-green-conference-2024/ All About Wiki-Green Conference 2024] (SDG 13) ; Events * Course: [https://wikiedu.org/courses/global-approaches-to-climate-finance-4/ Global Approaches to Climate Finance] by WikiEdu (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 20:26, 1 Oktoba 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27437535 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty-sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming meeting]], 24 November, 17.00 UTC ; Other news * Talk at WikiIndaba: [[m:WikiIndaba 2024/Proposal/Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region|Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region]] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/17/championing-inclusion-in-the-wikimedia-movement-africa-wiki-women-presentation-at-the-wiki-niger-conference/ Championing Inclusion in the Wikimedia Movement: Africa Wiki Women Presentation at the Wiki Niger Conference] (SDG 5) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/25/mountains-birds-and-lakes-wiki-loves-earth-2024-central-asia-edition/ Mountains, Birds and Lakes: Wiki Loves Earth 2024 – Central Asia Edition] (SDG 15) ; Events * November 6, 12 and 21: [https://universityofexeter.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJAkdeqrrzMoGdEeMYlR6q0A7QMHwwwM2VIZ#/registration Climate Change & Health in the UK - Wikipedia workshop] (SDG 3 and 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 20:01, 1 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27587619 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty-seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 8, 12, 13, 15, 16 and 17.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting, 24 November ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241124|minutes]]) * We are working on our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]], please add activities that you would like to work on. ; Other news * [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 8 (November 2024)|CEE Catch up Nr. 8 with a sustainability theme]] * [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia|Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia]] (SDG 13) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/New_Zealand_report#nz-edit|Report from New Zealand Species Edit-a-thons]] (SDG 15) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/Macedonia_report#vvc|Report from climate change editing workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2024/Contents/Croatia_report|DeGrowth in November with students, artists and academics in Croatia]] (SDG 8&12) * The new [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#November_2024:_Production_deployment_and_security_review_complete|Charts extension has been enabled on Wikimedia Commons]]. It's time to start bringing all your local sustainability related charts over there! (SDG 17) ; Events * Ongoing: [[m:Event:Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers|Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers]] (SDG 13) * Ongoing: [[m:Event:Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia|Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia]] (SDG 13) * Just started: [[m:Event:African Legislators in Red|African Legislators in Red]] (SDG 16) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 19:29, 1 Disamba 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27830533 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty-eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 10, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting in December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241229|minutes]]) * We have adopted an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]]! ; Other news * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_hWBwaQxaw Lightning talk by Adam Harangzo - National Institute for Health and Care Research on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/11/top-photos-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2024%f0%9f%a4%9d/ Top photos of the special nomination “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2024!] (SDG 10&15) * [https://www.wikimedia.nz/nz-species-editathon-recap/ Two days, 15 editors, 750 edits] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/28/a-peekaboo-into-our-butterflying-trip-from-the-amazon-of-the-east/ A Peekaboo Into Our Butterflying Trip from the Amazon of the East] (SDG 15) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/12/27/brooklyn-college-students-bring-ecology-course-content-to-wikipedia/ Brooklyn College students bring ecology course content to Wikipedia] (SDG 13&15 * [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09636625241268890 Declaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on WikipediaDeclaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on Wikipedia] (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 08:04, 2 ga Janairu, 2025 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27983472 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty-ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 11, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250223|User group meeting 23 February]] * User group meeting in January ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250119|minutes]]). * The user group submitted an annual report in the new [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Affiliates Strategy/Implementation/Affiliate health criteria/Reports/2024/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|affiliate health criteria format]], and as an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2024|activity report]]. * The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030|2030 strategy]] for the user group was adopted. ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/06/swiss-server-helped-optimise-wikidata-in-the-field-of-medicine/ Swiss server helped optimise Wikidata in the field of medicine] (SDG 3) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/08/photographers-from-turkiye-tell-the-story-of-award-wining-photos-in-wiki-loves-earth-2024/ Photographers from Türkiye tell the story of award wining photos in Wiki Loves Earth 2024] (SDG 15) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZnAp7oovlg OpenStreetMap and Wikidata in Disaster Times - CEE Meeting 2024 Istanbul] (SDG 11) ; Events * 1-28 February: [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/5DC7IKHKGBEE5KOD4PY2XNKT55EA6LW4/|Wiki Loves Africa: Climate & Weather ISA campaign]] (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 14:05, 4 ga Faburairu, 2025 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28153013 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fortieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 8, 11, 13, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting in February ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250223|minutes]]). ; Other news * [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2025/Organise|Time to get ready to organize Wiki Loves Earth]] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/02/05/women-of-the-future-international-womens-day-2025/ ‘Women of the Future’ – International Women’s Day 2025] (SDG 5) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/02/17/the-experts-behind-the-edits-expanding-public-understanding-of-healthcare/ The Experts Behind the Edits: Expanding public understanding of healthcare] (SDG 3) * [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/ecosia-and-wikimedia-enterprise-partner/ Wikimedia Enterprise and Ecosia Partner to Drive Sustainable Search Innovation] (SDG 13) * A [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Climate Change/Policies|subproject to WikiProject Climate Change about Climate Change Policies]] has just started on Wikidata (SDG 13) ; Events * 1 March: [[m:Event:Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire|Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire]] (SDG 8) * 7 March [[m:Event:Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025|Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025]] (SDG 16) * 8 March–1 April: [[m:Event:Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025|Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025]] (SDG 5) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 07:51, 1 ga Maris, 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28259111 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13, 15 and 17.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/03/27/organise-your-local-wiki-loves-earth-in-2025/ Organise your local Wiki Loves Earth in 2025!] (SDG 15) * [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Climate Policy Radar ID|Wikidata property proposal for the Climate Policy Radar]] (SDG 13) * [https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/handle/2077/85640/NKB_Debatt_Wikipedia.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Biologists encourage other biologists to edit Wikipedia] (in Swedish) (SDG 15) * A [[c:File:Langzeitkooperationen zwischen Museen und dem Wikipedia-Universum.pdf|presentation on long-term collaborations between museums and the Wikimedia universe]] was given on March 10 at a [https://www.kiekeberg-museum.de/fileadmin/user_upload/3_4_1_Tagungen/geplante_tagungen/Programm_Tagung_Mittwochs_ist_Museumstag_-_Langzeitkooperationen_im_Museum_10-11.3.2025_FLMK3.pdf symposium on long-term collaborations with museums in Germany](SDG 17) * A [[c:File:Gemeinsam mehr erreichen Freies Wissen als Grundlage der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wikimedia und anderen Ehrenamtsinitiativen.pdf|presentation on existing and potential collaborations between the Wikimedia community and other volunteer communities]] was given on March 29 at a [https://tdsummit.d-s-e-e.de/ national volunteering convention] in Germany (SDG 17) ; Events * [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250420|Next user group meeting: 20 April]] This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 09:28, 1 ga Afirilu, 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28259111 --> == Reminder: Submit Your Local Results for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 by 15 May == Dear El-hussain14, Thank you for your valuable contributions to '''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025''' in your communities! This is a kind reminder that the '''deadline to submit your local results is 15 May 2025'''. Please make sure to submit the '''complete and detailed results''' of your local contest on the following Meta-Wiki page: '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Results]]''' Additionally, feel free to add a brief summary of your local event under the '''Results''' section in your country/region’s row on the participants page: '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants]]''' If you need any assistance during this process, don’t hesitate to reach out. Thank you for your continued dedication and support! For, Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team 11:51, 2 Mayu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Local_organizers&oldid=28651179 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250420|minutes]]) ; Other news * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/09/zombie-ants-to-bioremediation-the-world-of-entomopathogenic-fungi/ Zombie ants to bioremediation: The world of entomopathogenic fungi] (SDG 15) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/21/with-foundation-increases-support-to-expand-disability-healthcare-information-on-wikipedia/ WITH Foundation increases support to expand disability healthcare information on Wikipedia] (SDG 3) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/04/04/women-and-health-project-improving-the-representation-of-womens-health-on-wikipedia/ Women and Health Project: Improving the representation of women’s health on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&5) ; Events * May 19: [[m:Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025|Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025]] (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 07:22, 11 Mayu 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28259111 --> == Final Reminder – Submit Full Local Results for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 by 15 May EOD == Dear El-hussain14, This is a final reminder that the deadline to submit your '''full and detailed local results''' for '''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025''' is '''15 May 2025''' EOD. Please ensure you complete the following as soon as possible: * Submit your full results on Meta-Wiki here: '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Results]]''' * Add a brief summary of your local event under the "Results" column on: '''[[Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants]]''' Failure to submit by the deadline may result in exclusion from the international jury consideration. If you need help or encounter any issues, feel free to contact the international team. Thank you once again for your dedication and hard work! ''Warm regards,''<br/> '''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team''', 02:39, 15 Mayu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Local_organizers&oldid=28651179 --> == Share Your Feedback – Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 == Dear El-hussain14 Thank you for being a part of '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]]''' — whether as a contributor, jury member, or local organizer. Your efforts helped make this campaign a meaningful celebration of culture, heritage, and community on Wikimedia platforms. To help us improve and grow this initiative in future years, we kindly ask you to complete a short '''feedback form'''. Your responses are valuable in shaping how we support contributors like you. * '''Feedback Form:''' [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdXEtaqszxcwmTJa8pGT60E7GDtpbssNadR9vZFVFbLicGFBg/viewform Submit your feedback here] * '''Deadline to submit:''' 31 May 2025 It will only take a few minutes to complete, and your input will directly impact how we plan, communicate, and collaborate in the future. Thank you again for your support. We look forward to having you with us in future campaigns! Warm regards,<br/> ''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team'' 08:51, 19 Mayu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Participants&oldid=28751574 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 10, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * 22 June: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]] ; Other news * Several papers presented at WikiWorkshop: ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_24.pdf EcoWikiRS: Using Species Descriptions in Wikipedia and Remote Sensing to Learn about the Ecological Properties of a Place] (SDG 15) ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_6.pdf Data Extraction Methods for Analyzing Gender Bias on Wikipedia's Front Page] (SDG 5) ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_28.pdf Measuring Cross-Lingual Information Gaps in English Wikipedia: A Case Study of LGBT People Portrayals] (SDG 10) ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_14.pdf Exploring Wikipedia community practices during the 2024 European Parliament election] (SDG 16) ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_55.pdf Wikipedia as a Tool for Tracking Mass Migration Flows: Insights from the Russian Invasion of Ukraine] (SDG 10) ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_65.pdf Regulations in Wikidata: The case of PFAS-related regulations] (SDG 3 & 16) * [https://wikipediapodden.se/minimal-viable-species-stub-315/ Podcast about the minimal viable species stub] (SDG 15) * [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/05/media-literacy-and-responding-to-emergencies-and-disinformation/ Wikimedia UK and the Royal Society host workshop on information literacy and future health emergencies] (SDG 3) ; Events * 16 June: [[w:en:Event:Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon|Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon]] This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 09:37, 12 ga Yuni, 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28771610 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * 6 July: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250706|User group meeting]] ; Other news * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9I8Nr_UamtM Biodiversidade na Wiki] (in Portuguese) (SDG 15) * [https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.70050 The women honoured in flowering plant genera: From myth to reality] (SDG 5&15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/20/rethinking-wiki-engagement-in-medical-research-insights-from-a-residency-at-nihr/ Rethinking Wiki engagement in medical research: insights from a residency at NIHR] (SDG 3) ; Events * 24 July: [https://mdi.georgetown.edu/events/guwikieditathonsummer2025/ Editing for Equity: Closing the Wikipedia Gender Gap] (SDG 5) * 2 & 9 August: [https://events.humanitix.com/nz-species-editathon-wellington New Zealand Species Edit-a-thon] (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 21:06, 1 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28881683 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 10, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> <!--Add content here --> ; User group news * 6 July: User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250706|minutes]]) * We are trying to establish better governance for the user group and [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Draft by-laws|have some inspiration]] on which your comments are requested. ; Other news * To promote sustainability and increase the visibility of the Sustainable Development Goals, the [[w:tr:Vikiproje:S%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BClebilir_Kalk%C4%B1nma|"Sustainable Development Wikiproject" was launched on the Turkish Wikipedia]] * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/11/wiki-loves-butterfly-community-led-contributions-in-dzongu-valley-north-sikkim-india/ Wiki Loves Butterfly: Community-Led Contributions in Dzongu Valley, North Sikkim, India] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/12/gender-climate-and-sustainability-my-journey-with-the-awa-fellowship-2025/ Gender, Climate and Sustainability: My Journey with the AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 5 & 13) * [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2025/07/14/the-power-and-potential-of-wikidata-for-botany/ The power and potential of Wikidata for botany] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/amplifying-inclusion-and-climate-justice-through-open-knowledge-my-journey-as-a-fellow-under-awa-fellowship-2025/ Amplifying Inclusion and Climate Justice Through Open Knowledge: My Journey as a Fellow under AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/justice-through-open-knowledge-training-human-rights-advocate-to-document-human-rights-incident-with-wikipedia-and-wikimedia-commons/ Justice through Open Knowledge: Training Human Rights Advocate to Document Human Rights Incident with Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons] (SDG 10) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/16/wings-of-bengal-the-winners-of-wiki-loves-bangla-2025/ Wings of Bengal: The Winners of Wiki Loves Bangla 2025] (SDG 15) * [https://infomgnt.org/posts/2025-07-16-Connecting-Knowledge-with-Wikidata-a-practical-Project-with-the-Museum-fuer-Naturkunde-Berlin/ Connecting Knowledge with Wikidata: A Practical Project with the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/19/when-time-slows-down-documenting-butterflies-in-the-north-eastern-himalayas/ When Time Slows Down: Documenting Butterflies in the North Eastern Himalayas] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/23/wiki-loves-earth-celebrates-1000000-images-of-the-natural-heritage-worldwide/ Wiki Loves Earth celebrates 1,000,000 images of the natural heritage worldwide!] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/28/closing-content-gaps-highlights-from-my-july-as-an-awa-inclusion-and-climate-justice-fellow/ Closing Content Gaps: Highlights from my July as an AWA Inclusion and Climate Justice Fellow] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/01/thrilling-two-day-butterfly-expedition-in-central-odisha/ Thrilling Two-Day Butterfly Expedition in Central Odisha] (SDG 15) ; Events * 6-9 August: Wikimania is coming up, and you can easily [[wikimania:2025:Registration|join remotely]]. Find [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|all sessions related to the Sustainable Development Goals]]. This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 09:27, 2 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28881683 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * 21 September: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User Group Meeting]] ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/07/when-butterflies-took-over-a-classroom/ When Butterflies Took Over a Classroom] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/13/a-walk-with-butterflies-that-healed-the-heart/ A Walk with Butterflies That Healed the Heart] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/21/wikimania-2025-information-integrity-on-climate-change-on-wikimedia-projects/ Wikimania 2025: Information Integrity on Climate Change on Wikimedia projects] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/botanical-perspective-of-wikitutuwuhan-project/ Botanical Perspective of WikiTutuwuhan Project] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/past-present-and-future-a-wikimedian-in-residence-at-the-biodiversity-heritage-library/ Past, present and future: a Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Biodiversity Heritage Library] (SDG 15) * [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|All SDG related sessions at Wikimania]] This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 20:24, 1 Satumba 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29165157 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 7 and 13.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250921|minutes]]) ; Other news * The OpenStreetMap community has an initiative called "[https://mapyourgrid.org/ MapYourGrid]" focused on energy infrastructure on Wikidata and Open Streetmap. (SDG 7) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/18/bridging-climate-science-and-the-public-how-the-austrian-climate-report-found-a-home-on-wikipedia/ Bridging Climate Science and the Public: How the Austrian Climate Report Found a Home on Wikipedia] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/27/microworld-a-wikimedia-fueled-microbial-exhibition-in-northern-argentina/ Microworld: a Wikimedia-fueled microbial exhibition in northern Argentina] (SDG 4) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/30/wiki-green-conference-2025/ Wiki-Green Conference 2025] This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 20:46, 1 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29165157 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10 and 13.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/01/ewe-language-activists-trained-to-translate-the-sustainable-development-goals-online/ Ewe Language Activists Trained to Translate the Sustainable Development Goals Online] * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/11/how-wikimedia-commons-is-making-microbiology-open-lessons-from-wikimedistas-de-jujuy-argentina/ How Wikimedia Commons is making microbiology open: lessons from Wikimedistas de Jujuy, Argentina] (SDG 4) * The [https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Faktamall_f%C3%B6retag&diff=58499099&oldid=57412306 Swedish Wikipedia company infobox now shows carbon emissions data] retreived from Wikidata for over 200 companies. (SDG 13) ; Events * 6 November–3 December: [[m:Event:Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025|Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025]] (SDG 5) * 11 November: [[m:Event:First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community|First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community]] (SDG 10) * 1–30 November: [[w:id:Wikipedia:Bulan_Asia_Wikipedia_2025|Bulan Asia Wikipedia 2025]] (SDG 10) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 16:47, 3 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29554723 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * 11 December: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20251211|User group call]] * As are ending the year and will be wrapping up on the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|current annual plan]] we are doing a few sprints. If every member of the user group makes just one contribution, we will finish these easily and have a great resource for the entire community. Please check out these and see if you can help out: ** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Video translation|Videos with translatable subtitles]] *** Help by identifying which videos need translation ** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Charts coordination|Charts]] *** Help by identifying charts that should be used in SDG topics <br/> ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/09/wikimedia-project-from-south-america-selected-by-the-unesco-global-initiative-for-information-integrity-on-climate-change-fund/ Wikimedia Project from South America Selected by the UNESCO Global Initiative for Information Integrity on Climate Change Fund] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/10/northern-argentine-wikimedians-recognized-in-regional-openstreetmap-contest/ Northern Argentine Wikimedians recognized in regional OpenStreetMap Contest] (SDG 15) * [https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/LMyQBP/ny-ai-modell-svenska-foretags-utslapp-av-koldioxid Garbo gräver fram siffror på utsläpp av koldioxid] news in Swedish about carbon emissions data being added to the company infoboxes (SDG 13) * [https://wikimedia.at/der-klimabericht-und-die-wikipedia-teil-3-wissenschaftskommunikation/ Der Klimabericht und die Wikipedia Teil 3: Wissenschaftskommunikation] (SDG 13) ; Events * [[m:SheSaid|SheSaid campaign on Wikiquote]]. From 1 September until 31 December 2025. (SDG 5) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 14:39, 1 Disamba 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29620767 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fiftieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 7, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> <!--Add content here --> ; User group news * User group call, 11 December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20251211|minutes]]) ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/08/wikiforhumanrights-2025-documenting-ghanas-just-energy-transition-through-the-lens/ WikiForHumanRights 2025: Documenting Ghana’s Just Energy Transition Through the Lens] (SDG 7) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2025/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Update_on_the_Bioeconomy_Science_Institute_Wikimedian_in_Residence|Update on the Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence]] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/14/wikiforhumanrights-2025-campaign-in-ghana/ WikiForHumanRights 2025 campaign in Ghana] (SDG 7&13) * [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/12/topics-for-impact/ Topics for impact] by Wikimedia UK * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/22/project-gayatri-a-year-of-building-knowledge-closing-with-heart/ Project Gayatri: A Year of Building Knowledge, Closing with Heart] (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 21:24, 4 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29844481 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2025|annual report for 2025]] was published. * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Next user group meeting]] is 22 February. * The drafting of the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2026|2026 annual plan]] is under way, please help. ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/09/winning-images-of-the-special-category-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2025%F0%9F%A4%9D/ Winning images of the special category “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2025🤝] (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 14:22, 4 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29928029 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10, 13, 15, 16 and 17.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * A proposal for a climate and sustainability meetup at Wikimania has been submitted. Keep your fingers crossed it gets accepted! ; Other news * [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud Metabase], a project to create a [[m:Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Knowledge Base|movement-wide knowledgebase for activities and initiatives]], now has the property [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud/wiki/Property:P109 relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator] and all the Sustainable Development Goals, Targets and Indicators. This makes it possible to make sure that your projects and initiative that supports these are marked as doing so and also find previous efforts related to them. * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/11/wiki-for-botanists-why-thematic-engagement-matters/ Wiki for Botanists: Why thematic engagement matters] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/influence-of-seasonal-and-eco-climatic-factors-on-butterfly-diversity-insights-from-wiki-loves-butterfly/ Influence of Seasonal and Eco-climatic Factors on Butterfly Diversity: Insights from Wiki Loves Butterfly] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/african-women-in-climate-action-a-continued-editing-journey-through-the-edither-africa-contest-2026/ African Women in Climate Action: A Continued Editing Journey through the EditHer Africa Contest 2026] (SDG 5 & 13) ; Events * March is Women's History Month and also has the Internaltional Women's day, so there are plenty of related events. Check out [[m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]] to find some near you. (SDG 5) * [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_India/Events/International_Mother_Language_Day_2026_Datathon|International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon]] (SDG 4, 10 &17) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 12:13, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29928029 --> == Join the LDH General Assembly | April 18, 2026 == We are delighted to invite you to the General Assembly of the [[m:Wikimedia Language Diversity Hub|'''Language Diversity Hub''']] (LDH) on Saturday, '''April 18th, 2026''', at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1776517200 13:00 UTC]'''. === About the General Assembly === The General Assembly (GA) is a community-wide consultation and engagement space. It is the primary forum through which LDH connects with the broader language and Wikimedia communities. The GA is designed to: * Keep community members informed about LDH activities, decisions, and ongoing work. * Gather feedback and perspectives from across the language and Wikimedia ecosystem. * Create open pathways for participation, collaboration, and community-driven input. === How to participate === Everyone is welcome! If you work on language access, language diversity, or Wikimedia projects in any language community, this is a space for you. * '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfFCqPF3H-Yax0t-AbgRasoDdXLom23n2SsZR5fw74bxMuPCQ/viewform Register here to attend]''' [[File:LDH General Assembly E-flyer.jpg|frameless|center|280px|link=https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfFCqPF3H-Yax0t-AbgRasoDdXLom23n2SsZR5fw74bxMuPCQ/viewform]] Looking forward to your participation, Language Diversity Hub Team, 18:21, 20 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) ''<small>You can opt out of our distribution list by removing your username from [[m:MassMessage/Lists/LDH|this list]]</small>'' (This message was sent to [[:User:El-hussain14]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Oscar .@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/LDH&oldid=30182212 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * There is now a [[c:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|user box template on Wikimedia Commons]] that you can use to show that you are participant of the user group. There were already user boxes on [[m:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Meta]], [[d:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Wikidata]], [[w:en:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|English]] and [[w:sv:Mall:Användare Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Swedish]] Wikipedia. If your home wiki uses user boxes but lacks one, feel free to copy any of these to it. ; Other news * [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2026/03/02/the-winners-of-wiki-loves-earth-2025/ “Cinematic intensity”: The winners of Wiki Loves Earth 2025] (SDG 15) * [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-00940-y Scientists should join collaborative online editing communities for biodiversity] (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 11:26, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30155800 --> == Programme submissions open: Language Diversity Conference, Accra 2026 == [[File:Official logo for language diversity conference 03.png|frameless|250px|right]] The '''[[m:Language Diversity Conference|Language Diversity Conference 2026]]''' will take place '''2–4 October 2026 in Accra, Ghana''', under the theme: ''Strengthening Language Communities in the Open Knowledge Movement''. The Programming Team is inviting the following types of session proposals: * '''Lightning talks''' – 10-minute short presentations on any relevant topic * '''Presentations''' – 20–25 minutes (including audience Q&A) * '''Workshops and tutorials''' – 50 or 110-minute interactive sessions (e.g. on Content Translation, Wikidata, or other topics) * '''Panel discussions''' – 50-minute panels; collaborations with others are encouraged Submissions will be evaluated by the Programme Committee based on: * Potential impact and expected outcomes * Relevance to the conference theme or focus areas Sessions may be recorded and made publicly available. If you prefer not to be filmed, you may indicate this during submission. '''→ [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/langdiv/cfp Submit your proposal on Eventyay]''' For more information, or questions, contact: languagediversitycon{{@}}gmail.com <!-- Message sent by User:~~~~~ on behalf of the Language Diversity Hub --> (This message was sent to [[:User:El-hussain14]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Oscar .@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/LDH&oldid=30405990 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 5, 6, 7, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [[diffblog:2026/04/15/from-lens-to-knowledge-citizen-science-through-wiki-loves-butterfly/|From Lens to Knowledge: Citizen Science through Wiki Loves Butterfly]] (SDG 15) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Wikidata type specimen data model]] (SDG 15) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|Edit-a-thon "Women Botanists" and “Plants Around Us: Veles” workshop]] (SDG 5 & 15) ; Events * Ongoing: [[w:en:Wikipedia:100 Days 100 Edits|100 Days 100 Edits]] (SDG 13) * Ongoing: [[m:Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026|Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026]] (SDG 2, 6 & 7) * May 9-10: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Projekt naturgeografi/Fotosafari: Fåglar i Skåne 2026|Bird photography trip]] in south Sweden (SDG 15) * May 30: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Biologisk mångfald|Editathon about biodiversity]] in Stockholm (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 12:47, 6 Mayu 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30472224 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 6, 7, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [[diffblog:2026/05/19/wikimedia-projects-and-the-climate-crisis-how-wiki-for-sustainable-futures-2026-is-being-built/|Wikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being BuiltWikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being Built]] (SDG 2 & 6 & 7 & 13) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2026/05/21/earth-day-every-day-preserving-biodiversity-on-wikipedia/ Earth Day, Every Day: Preserving Biodiversity on Wikipedia] (SDG 15) *[[diffblog:ar/2026/05/29/%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-2026-%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a9/|Launch of the Arabic Environmental Contest 2026: an ambitious initiative to enrich environmental content]] (SDG 2 & 6 & 7) * [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/From_the_field_to_the_free_web From the field to the free web] (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 17:47, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30606764 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5 and 10.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; In the news * [[diffblog:2026/06/08/reading-wikipedia-in-the-classroom-in-wa-ghana-empowering-educators-with-media-and-information-literacy-skills/|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom in Wa, Ghana: Empowering Educators with Media and Information Literacy Skills]] (SDG 4) * [[diffblog:2026/06/12/amplifying-womens-stories-and-indigenous-knowledge-feminism-and-folklore-2026-in-the-igbo-community/|Amplifying Women’s Stories and Indigenous Knowledge: Feminism and Folklore 2026 in the Igbo Community]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/13/artfeminism-network-organizers-at-eseap-conference-2026/|Art+Feminism Network Organizers at ESEAP Conference 2026]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/14/a-reflection-on-what-i-learned-at-my-first-international-womens-day-celebration/|A Reflection on What I Learned at My First International Women’s Day Celebration]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/16/from-mentee-to-builder-my-six-months-in-the-eduwiki-hub-mentorship-program/|From Mentee to Builder: My Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program]] (SDG 4) * [[diffblog:2026/06/16/building-skills-and-confidence-during-my-three-month-journey-through-the-on-wiki-skill-program-organized-by-africa-wiki-women/|Building Skills and Confidence During My Three-Month Journey Through the On Wiki Skill Program Organized by Africa Wiki Women]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/17/why-the-eduwiki-starter-kit-matters-for-the-future-of-education/|Why the EduWiki Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education]] (SDG 4) * [[diffblog:2026/06/17/empowering-new-editors-to-bridge-the-gender-gap-my-experience-as-a-mentor-in-the-edither-africa-april-2026-contest/|Empowering New Editors to Bridge the Gender Gap: My Experience as a Mentor in the EditHer Africa April 2026 Contest]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/18/visible-women-edit-a-thon-piloting-a-collaborative-approach-to-free-knowledge-in-hong-kong/|Visible Women Edit-a-thon: Piloting a Collaborative Approach to Free Knowledge in Hong Kong]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/23/guiding-new-voices-training-women-in-wikidata-during-the-april-edither-africa-contest/|Guiding New Voices: Training Women in Wikidata during the April EditHer Africa Contest]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/23/wikimedia-community-usergroup-botswana-in-collaboration-with-art-and-feminism-on-wikidata-mobile-training-2026/|Wikimedia Community Usergroup Botswana in collaboration with Art and Feminism on Wikidata Mobile Training 2026]] (SDG 5) ; Events * 10-18 July: [[m:Event:Wikiwomen Camp 2026|Wikiwomen Camp 2026]] (SDG 5) * 14 July [[w:de:Veranstaltung:Queers & Frauen 14.07.2026|Queers & Frauen]] (SDG 5 & 10) * 21-25 July: Wikimania is coming up and there are plenty of sessions related to sustainable development. There is now a dedicated page for those sessions at [[wikimania:2026:Program/SDG related sessions]]. * 23 July: [[m:Event:From Constitution to Community — Documenting Queer Rights Movements|From Constitution to Community — Documenting Queer Rights Movements]] (SDG 10) * 14 July [[w:de:Veranstaltung:Queers & Frauen 28.07.2026|Queers & Frauen]] (SDG 5 & 10) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 19:20, 3 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30633243 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 6, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [[diffblog:2026/07/04/photowalk-at-the-purbachal-reserve-forest/|Photowalk at the Purbachal Reserve Forest]] (SDG 15) * [[diffblog:2026/07/13/welcoming-women-into-wikimedia-tech-a-guide-based-on-lived-experiences/|Welcoming Women+ into Wikimedia Tech: A Guide Based on Lived Experiences]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/07/14/empowering-youth-through-knowledge-wikipedia-for-freedom-of-elections-in-armenia/|Empowering Youth Through Knowledge: “Wikipedia for Freedom of Elections” in Armenia]] (SDG 16) * [[diffblog:2026/07/19/water-for-life-knowledge-for-all-how-wikiverse-botswana-is-showcasing-africas-water-story-through-the-africa-wiki-challenge-2026/|Water for Life, Knowledge for All: How WikiVerse Botswana is Showcasing Africa’s Water Story Through the Africa Wiki Challenge 2026]] (SDG 6) * Wikimania: There were so many sessions and posters related to the SDGs, they can't all be listed here. But on [[wikimania:2026:Program/SDG related sessions|this Wikimania page]] you can find them all and the session pages have links to the recordings. This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 08:56, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)• [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30853204 --> == Language Diversity Hub evaluation survey: your input needed! == The Wikimedia Foundation is evaluating hub pilots to understand their work, outcomes, and future direction. As part of this, we're gathering feedback on how hub services and activities have contributed to concrete, measurable outcomes. You're receiving this because you're part of the Language Diversity Hub audience group, and we'd value your perspective. Your feedback will help inform the evaluation and strengthen our understanding of the Hub's impact. The survey takes about 10–15 minutes, and we kindly ask that you respond by '''10 August 2026.''' '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_6KXVndZhZvlSoUS Survey Link]''' The Foundation is not collecting personal data through this survey. Responses will be reviewed and consolidated by audience group — analyzed collectively rather than attributed to individuals. Thank you for contributing. Your feedback helps ensure this evaluation reflects the perspectives of communities, affiliates, and others connected to the Hub. Questions? Contact strategy2030@wikimedia.org. Sincerely, Oscar on behalf of the [[Wikimedia Language Diversity Hub]], 21:22, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User:El-hussain14]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Oscar .@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/LDH&oldid=30514061 --> 2mkl79y3hw6n7dtqev3k4i4ddv2fs06 0 32166 892860 279718 2026-08-08T10:17:51Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tajine''' ko '''tagine''' abinci ne na Arewacin Afirka, ana kiransa da tukunyar yumbu da ake dafa shi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Histoire du tajine, un éloge berbère de la lenteur|trans-title=History of the tagine, a Berber praise of slowness|magazine=GEO|date=12 November 2018|url=https://www.geo.fr/voyage/maroc-petite-histoire-du-tajine-un-eloge-berbere-de-la-lenteur-193370}}</ref> Ana kuma kiransa ''maraq'' ko ''marqa''. == Etymology == Larabci طجين (ṭažin) an samo shi daga Berber ''ṭajin'' "tukun ƙasa marar zurfi", daga tsohuwar Girkanci τάγηνον (''tágēnon'') "kwannonin soya, tukunya".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Albala|first1=Ken|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia, Volume 1|date=2011|publisher=Greenwood|isbn=978-0313376269|page=234|quote=The Arabic word ṭažin is derived from the Greek teganon, meaning “frying pan".}}</ref><ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dta%2Fghnon τάγηνον], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref><ref name="WR2">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/arabic/middle_east_news/newsid_7429000/7429173.stm|title=الطاجين المغربي يقاوم التشويه|date=31 May 2008|publisher=[[BBC Arabic]]|access-date=12 December 2012}}</ref> == Asalin == A kan bangon Antonine wanda kuma gwamnan Numidiya na Roman Birtaniyya, Quintus Lollius Urbicus ya gina, an gano nau'ikan tukwane iri-iri, ɗaya kasancewar tasa ce mai yuwuwa ya zama mafari ga Tajine na zamani.<ref>[https://blog.historicenvironment.scot/2018/10/africans-antonine-wall/ Africans on the Antonine Wall?] Rebecca Jones Historic Environment Scotland</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17567505.2021.1916703|doi=10.1080/17567505.2021.1916703|title=What Divides Us Also Connects Us: Roman Frontiers, World Heritage and Community|year=2021|last1=Jones|first1=Rebecca H.|journal=The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice|volume=12|issue=2|pages=120–145|s2cid=236625898}}</ref> Hakanan an gano guntuwar tajin a tsakanin yumbu na Numidian.<ref>Ben Moussa, Moncef, Joan Ramon, Víctor Revilla Calvo, Joan (Sanmartí i Grego) Sanmartí, Maria Carme Belarte Franco, Chokri Touihri, Imed Ben Jarbania, and Sami Ben Tahar. [https://www.recercat.cat/bitstream/handle/2072/289485/2011-Belarte-Althiburos.pdf?sequence=1 Catalogue Du Mobilier] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717084504/https://www.recercat.cat/bitstream/handle/2072/289485/2011-Belarte-Althiburos.pdf?sequence=1 |date=2022-07-17 }}. 2011. Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya.</ref> Tarihin tagine ya samo asali ne tun zamanin Haruna Al-Rashid, Halifan Abbasiyawa na biyar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r723owliVz8C&pg=PA254|title=The New Book of Middle Eastern Food|last=Roden|first=Claudia|date=2008-12-24|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=9780307558565|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/04/22/146374.html|title=Tagine in heartwarming spoonfuls|website=english.alarabiya.net|date=22 April 2011|publisher=Al Arabiya Newsdate=22 April 2011|access-date=2017-10-14}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IYeOAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT1608|title=Encyclopedia of Kitchen History|last=Snodgrass|first=Mary Ellen|date=2004-12-29|publisher=Routledge|isbn=1135455716|language=en}}</ref> Rubuce-rubucen farko game da manufar dafa abinci a cikin tajine sun bayyana a cikin shahararren ''One Thousand and One Nights'', tarin labaran larabci daga ƙarni na 9.<ref name=":03" /> A yau, tukunyar dafa abinci da naman ta na gargajiya ana shirya su ne a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka. Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don shirya tajine. A tsarin qidra na asali, ana amfani da ''saman'' (man shanu mai tsabta) don shafawa saman ƙasa sannan a ƙara yankakken albasa don dandano da ƙamshi. Don dafa abinci irin na ''muqawlli'', ana sanya kayan aikin a cikin man zaitun don wadatar da dandano. Akwai bayanai da yawa na yadda ake shirya tajine daga malaman Larabawa. Shahararriyar bayanin shi ne na ibn al-Adim (1192-1262): {{Blockquote|text=A tafasa naman sai a soya da sabo, albasa da kayan kamshi mai zafi da tafarnuwa kadan. Sa'an nan kuma ku fitar da zukatan fennel a yanka a rabi. Saka kan nama. Sai ki mayar da ruwan romon a kai tare da wutsiyar tumaki. Tafasa har sai an dahu kuma broth ya nutse. Cire [daga zafi].|author=Ibn al-Adim|title={{transl|ar|Kitab Al Wuslah il Al-Habib fi wasf al tayyibat wa Al-Tib}}}} [[File:Tagine_aux_olives_algérien.jpg|thumb|Aljeriya tajine zitoun (kaza da zaitun tajine).]] == Tukwane == Tukwane na gargajiya na tajine, wani lokacin fenti ko glazed, ya ƙunshi sassa biyu: rukunin tushe mai madauwari wanda ke da lebur tare da ƙananan gefe da babban murfin mazugi ko kumbura wanda ke zaune a gindi yayin dafa abinci. An ƙera murfin don mayar da duk abin da ke ciki zuwa ƙasa. Ana iya inganta wannan tsari ta ƙara ruwan sanyi a cikin rijiyar da aka kera ta musamman a saman murfi. A al'adance ana dafa Tajine akan gawayi mai zafi yana barin isasshen sarari tsakanin garwashin da tukunyar tajine don gujewa tashin zafi da sauri. Ana amfani da manyan bulo na gawayi, musamman don iya zama da zafi na awanni. Sauran hanyoyin su ne yin amfani da tajine a cikin tanda a hankali ko kuma a saman murhu mai iskar gas ko lantarki, a kan mafi ƙarancin zafi da ake buƙata don kiyaye stew ɗin a hankali. Ana amfani da na'ura mai yatsa, kayan aikin madauwari da aka sanya tsakanin tajine da harshen wuta, ana amfani da shi don rarraba zafin murhu daidai gwargwado. Masana'antun Turai sun ƙirƙira tajin tare da babban simintin ƙarfe na ƙarfe waɗanda za a iya dumama su a kan murhu mai zafi zuwa zafi mai zafi, wanda ke ba da izinin yin launin nama da kayan lambu kafin dafa abinci. Ana iya maimaita girkin Tajine ta amfani da jinkirin mai dafa abinci ko makamancin haka, amma sakamakon zai ɗan bambanta. Yawancin tajin yumbu abubuwa ne na ado da kuma tasoshin dafa abinci. Wasu tajin, duk da haka, ana nufin kawai a yi amfani da su azaman kayan abinci na ado. == Tajine na Aljeriya da Morocco == [[File:طاجن_بيض_ومطيش_وكرات_د_اللحم.jpg|thumb|Tajine tare da tumatir, naman nama, da kwai suna yin hidimar zafi a Casablanca.]] Jita-jita tajine na Aljeriya da na Moroko su ne miya mai daɗin dafawa a hankali, yawanci ana yin su da yankakken nama, kaji ko kifi tare da kayan lambu ko 'ya'yan itace.<ref name="Long20152">{{cite book|author=Lucy M. Long|title=Ethnic American Food Today: A Cultural Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DBzYCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA24|date=17 July 2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-2731-6|pages=24–27}}</ref><ref name="Edelstein20112">{{cite book|author=Sari Edelstein|title=Food, Cuisine, and Cultural Competency for Culinary, Hospitality, and Nutrition Professionals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lj0CeaIIETkC&pg=PA344|year=2011|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=978-0-7637-5965-0|page=344}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fescooking.com/come-cook-with-us/the-art-of-moroccan-cuisine|title=The Art of Moroccan Cuisine|work=fescooking.com|date=10 October 2007}}</ref> Ana kuma amfani da kayan yaji, goro, da busassun 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kayan yaji na yau da kullun sun haɗa da ginger, cumin, turmeric, kirfa, da saffron. Ana amfani da paprika da chili a cikin kayan lambu tajines. Haɗin zaki da tsami ya zama ruwan dare a cikin abinci tajine kamar rago tare da prunes da kayan yaji. Gabaɗaya ana ba da Tajine da burodi. Domin murfin tukunyar tajine mai siffar domed ko mazugi yana kama tururi kuma ya mayar da ruwan da aka dasa cikin tukunyar, ana buƙatar ƙaramin adadin ruwa don dafa nama da kayan lambu. Wannan hanyar dafa abinci tana da mahimmanci a wuraren da ruwa ke da iyaka ko kuma inda ba a samu ruwan jama'a ba.<ref>https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-use-a-moroccan-tagine#how-to-use-a-tagine {{Bare URL inline|date=May 2022}}</ref> == Tajine na Tunisia == [[File:Tajine_tunisien.JPG|thumb|Tajine na Tunisia]] Abin da 'yan Tunisiya ke kira "tajine" ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan tasa.<ref name="Wolfert-Tunisian2">{{cite web|url=http://www.paula-wolfert.com/recipes/tun_tagine.html|author=Paula Wolfert|title=Recipe for Tunisian Tajine|access-date=2014-07-21}}</ref> Tajine na Tunisiya ya fi kama da frittata na Italiyanci ko eggah. Da farko, ana shirya ragout mai sauƙi, na naman da aka yanka a ƙanana sosai, ana dafa shi da albasa da kayan yaji, kamar haɗaɗɗen busassun furen fure da kirfa na ƙasa wanda aka fi sani da baharat ko haɗakar daɗaɗɗen ciyawa da caraway tsaba; wannan ake ce ma tabil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foodandwine.com/articles/divine-secrets-of-the-mahjoub-sisterhood|author=Nancy Harmon Jenkins|title=Divine Secrets of the Mahjoub Sisterhood|access-date=2008-04-27|archive-date=2008-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509162927/http://www.foodandwine.com/articles/divine-secrets-of-the-mahjoub-sisterhood|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sannan a zuba wani abu mai sitaci domin ya kauri. Masu kauri na gama-gari sun haɗa da wake cannellini, chickpeas, breadcrumbs ko dankali mai cubed. Lokacin da naman ya yi laushi, ana haɗa shi tare da abubuwan da aka zaɓa don zama mafi yawan dandano. Misalai sun haɗa da faski, busasshen mint, saffron, busasshen tumatiri da rana, dafaffen kayan lambu da ƙwalwar maruƙa. Bayan haka, an wadatar da stew da cuku da ƙwai. A karshe ana toya wannan kwai da stew a cikin wani kwanon abinci mai zurfi, ko dai a kan murhu ko kuma a cikin tanda har sai an dahu sama da kasa sosai sannan a ajiye kwai. Idan tajine ta shirya sai a juye a faranti a yanka ta cikin murabba'i, tare da yankan lemo. Hakanan ana iya yin tajin Tunisiya da abincin teku ko a matsayin abinci mai cin ganyayyaki gaba ɗaya. A yankunan karkarar Tunisiya, masu dafa abinci na gida suna sanya wani farantin ƙasa mai zurfi a kan garwashin itacen zaitun, su cika shi, a rufe shi da kasko mai lebur, sannan su tara garwashi a sama. Sakamakon tajine yana da ɓawon ciki a sama da ƙasa, ɗanɗano ne a ciki kuma ana zuba shi da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi. == Tagine na Yahudancin Maghrebi == Yahudawan Maghrebi kuma suna cin abinci kuma suna shirya tagine, saboda kasancewarsu na tarihi a Arewacin Afirka. Tagine abinci ne mai matukar muhimmanci a cikin abinci na Sephardi, kuma Yahudawan Moroko, Yahudawan Aljeriya, Yahudawan Tunisiya, Yahudawan Libya, Yahudawan Djerban, da Yahudawan Faransanci, Bayahude Ba’amurke, da Isra’ilawa ne suke cin su kuma suna shirya su. Sephardim a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe. Tagine shine babban jigon abinci na Sephardic<ref>{{cite news|title=Seven Sephardic Foods that won't make buzzfeed gag|url=https://forward.com/opinion/206532/9-sephardi-dishes-that-won-t-make-buzzfeed-gag/|access-date=18 October 2019|agency=The Forward}}</ref> wanda aka saba shirya don abincin dare na Shabbat a cikin al'ummar Sephardi, kuma ana yin hidima tare da couscous. Sephardim daga yankuna daban-daban suna shirya nau'o'in Tagine daban-daban, misali Yahudawa na Moroccan sukan shirya tagine tare da busassun 'ya'yan itatuwa, yayin da Yahudawan Tunisiya sukan shirya tagine na kayan lambu mai dauke da dankali, karas, da zucchini a yanka a cikin manyan dice. Hakanan ana shirya Tagine akai-akai don bukukuwan Yahudawa kamar Rosh Hashanah da kalacin Yom Kippur.<ref>{{cite news|title=You're Doing it Wrong: Tagine|url=https://slate.com/culture/2014/09/tagine-recipe-for-rosh-hashanah-yom-kippur-or-just-because-youre-hungry.amp|access-date=18 October 2019|agency=Slate|archive-date=18 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018061034/https://slate.com/culture/2014/09/tagine-recipe-for-rosh-hashanah-yom-kippur-or-just-because-youre-hungry.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed"> File:Le plus grand Tajine au monde.jpg|Hoton Tajine a Safi, Morocco File:Tajine potter.jpg|Tajine mai tukwane File:Kelaa-des-Mgouna (rosino-02).jpg|Tajine dafa abinci File:ElectricalTajine3.jpg|Tajine na lantarki File:Cascades d'Ouzoud 015.JPG|An yi amfani da Tajine a waje File:Md.Boualam Tajine,Outdoor cooking.jpg|Dafa abinci a waje ta amfani da tajine File:Tajin aux pruneaux.JPG|Tajine tare da rago, prunes da almonds </gallery> == Manazarta == fulr36rcfptr6dy3d5j4mszhp3cp820 892861 892860 2026-08-08T10:18:08Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tajine''' ko '''tagine''' abinci ne na Arewacin Afirka, ana kiransa da tukunyar yumbu da ake dafa shi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Histoire du tajine, un éloge berbère de la lenteur|trans-title=History of the tagine, a Berber praise of slowness|magazine=GEO|date=12 November 2018|url=https://www.geo.fr/voyage/maroc-petite-histoire-du-tajine-un-eloge-berbere-de-la-lenteur-193370}}</ref> Ana kuma kiransa ''maraq'' ko ''marqa''. == Etymology == Larabci طجين (ṭažin) an samo shi daga Berber ''ṭajin'' "tukun ƙasa marar zurfi", daga tsohuwar Girkanci τάγηνον (''tágēnon'') "kwannonin soya, tukunya".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Albala|first1=Ken|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia, Volume 1|date=2011|publisher=Greenwood|isbn=978-0313376269|page=234|quote=The Arabic word ṭažin is derived from the Greek teganon, meaning “frying pan".}}</ref><ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dta%2Fghnon τάγηνον], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref><ref name="WR2">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/arabic/middle_east_news/newsid_7429000/7429173.stm|title=الطاجين المغربي يقاوم التشويه|date=31 May 2008|publisher=[[BBC Arabic]]|access-date=12 December 2012}}</ref> == Asalin == A kan bangon Antonine wanda kuma gwamnan Numidiya na Roman Birtaniyya, Quintus Lollius Urbicus ya gina, an gano nau'ikan tukwane iri-iri, ɗaya kasancewar tasa ce mai yuwuwa ya zama mafari ga Tajine na zamani.<ref>[https://blog.historicenvironment.scot/2018/10/africans-antonine-wall/ Africans on the Antonine Wall?] Rebecca Jones Historic Environment Scotland</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17567505.2021.1916703|doi=10.1080/17567505.2021.1916703|title=What Divides Us Also Connects Us: Roman Frontiers, World Heritage and Community|year=2021|last1=Jones|first1=Rebecca H.|journal=The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice|volume=12|issue=2|pages=120–145|s2cid=236625898}}</ref> Hakanan an gano guntuwar tajin a tsakanin yumbu na Numidian.<ref>Ben Moussa, Moncef, Joan Ramon, Víctor Revilla Calvo, Joan (Sanmartí i Grego) Sanmartí, Maria Carme Belarte Franco, Chokri Touihri, Imed Ben Jarbania, and Sami Ben Tahar. [https://www.recercat.cat/bitstream/handle/2072/289485/2011-Belarte-Althiburos.pdf?sequence=1 Catalogue Du Mobilier] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717084504/https://www.recercat.cat/bitstream/handle/2072/289485/2011-Belarte-Althiburos.pdf?sequence=1 |date=2022-07-17 }}. 2011. Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya.</ref> Tarihin tagine ya kuma samo asali ne tun zamanin Haruna Al-Rashid, Halifan Abbasiyawa na biyar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r723owliVz8C&pg=PA254|title=The New Book of Middle Eastern Food|last=Roden|first=Claudia|date=2008-12-24|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=9780307558565|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/04/22/146374.html|title=Tagine in heartwarming spoonfuls|website=english.alarabiya.net|date=22 April 2011|publisher=Al Arabiya Newsdate=22 April 2011|access-date=2017-10-14}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IYeOAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT1608|title=Encyclopedia of Kitchen History|last=Snodgrass|first=Mary Ellen|date=2004-12-29|publisher=Routledge|isbn=1135455716|language=en}}</ref> Rubuce-rubucen farko game da manufar dafa abinci a cikin tajine sun bayyana a cikin shahararren ''One Thousand and One Nights'', tarin labaran larabci daga ƙarni na 9.<ref name=":03" /> A yau, tukunyar dafa abinci da naman ta na gargajiya ana shirya su ne a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka. Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don shirya tajine. A tsarin qidra na asali, ana amfani da ''saman'' (man shanu mai tsabta) don shafawa saman ƙasa sannan a ƙara yankakken albasa don dandano da ƙamshi. Don dafa abinci irin na ''muqawlli'', ana sanya kayan aikin a cikin man zaitun don wadatar da dandano. Akwai bayanai da yawa na yadda ake shirya tajine daga malaman Larabawa. Shahararriyar bayanin shi ne na ibn al-Adim (1192-1262): {{Blockquote|text=A tafasa naman sai a soya da sabo, albasa da kayan kamshi mai zafi da tafarnuwa kadan. Sa'an nan kuma ku fitar da zukatan fennel a yanka a rabi. Saka kan nama. Sai ki mayar da ruwan romon a kai tare da wutsiyar tumaki. Tafasa har sai an dahu kuma broth ya nutse. Cire [daga zafi].|author=Ibn al-Adim|title={{transl|ar|Kitab Al Wuslah il Al-Habib fi wasf al tayyibat wa Al-Tib}}}} [[File:Tagine_aux_olives_algérien.jpg|thumb|Aljeriya tajine zitoun (kaza da zaitun tajine).]] == Tukwane == Tukwane na gargajiya na tajine, wani lokacin fenti ko glazed, ya ƙunshi sassa biyu: rukunin tushe mai madauwari wanda ke da lebur tare da ƙananan gefe da babban murfin mazugi ko kumbura wanda ke zaune a gindi yayin dafa abinci. An ƙera murfin don mayar da duk abin da ke ciki zuwa ƙasa. Ana iya inganta wannan tsari ta ƙara ruwan sanyi a cikin rijiyar da aka kera ta musamman a saman murfi. A al'adance ana dafa Tajine akan gawayi mai zafi yana barin isasshen sarari tsakanin garwashin da tukunyar tajine don gujewa tashin zafi da sauri. Ana amfani da manyan bulo na gawayi, musamman don iya zama da zafi na awanni. Sauran hanyoyin su ne yin amfani da tajine a cikin tanda a hankali ko kuma a saman murhu mai iskar gas ko lantarki, a kan mafi ƙarancin zafi da ake buƙata don kiyaye stew ɗin a hankali. Ana amfani da na'ura mai yatsa, kayan aikin madauwari da aka sanya tsakanin tajine da harshen wuta, ana amfani da shi don rarraba zafin murhu daidai gwargwado. Masana'antun Turai sun ƙirƙira tajin tare da babban simintin ƙarfe na ƙarfe waɗanda za a iya dumama su a kan murhu mai zafi zuwa zafi mai zafi, wanda ke ba da izinin yin launin nama da kayan lambu kafin dafa abinci. Ana iya maimaita girkin Tajine ta amfani da jinkirin mai dafa abinci ko makamancin haka, amma sakamakon zai ɗan bambanta. Yawancin tajin yumbu abubuwa ne na ado da kuma tasoshin dafa abinci. Wasu tajin, duk da haka, ana nufin kawai a yi amfani da su azaman kayan abinci na ado. == Tajine na Aljeriya da Morocco == [[File:طاجن_بيض_ومطيش_وكرات_د_اللحم.jpg|thumb|Tajine tare da tumatir, naman nama, da kwai suna yin hidimar zafi a Casablanca.]] Jita-jita tajine na Aljeriya da na Moroko su ne miya mai daɗin dafawa a hankali, yawanci ana yin su da yankakken nama, kaji ko kifi tare da kayan lambu ko 'ya'yan itace.<ref name="Long20152">{{cite book|author=Lucy M. Long|title=Ethnic American Food Today: A Cultural Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DBzYCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA24|date=17 July 2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-2731-6|pages=24–27}}</ref><ref name="Edelstein20112">{{cite book|author=Sari Edelstein|title=Food, Cuisine, and Cultural Competency for Culinary, Hospitality, and Nutrition Professionals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lj0CeaIIETkC&pg=PA344|year=2011|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=978-0-7637-5965-0|page=344}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fescooking.com/come-cook-with-us/the-art-of-moroccan-cuisine|title=The Art of Moroccan Cuisine|work=fescooking.com|date=10 October 2007}}</ref> Ana kuma amfani da kayan yaji, goro, da busassun 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kayan yaji na yau da kullun sun haɗa da ginger, cumin, turmeric, kirfa, da saffron. Ana amfani da paprika da chili a cikin kayan lambu tajines. Haɗin zaki da tsami ya zama ruwan dare a cikin abinci tajine kamar rago tare da prunes da kayan yaji. Gabaɗaya ana ba da Tajine da burodi. Domin murfin tukunyar tajine mai siffar domed ko mazugi yana kama tururi kuma ya mayar da ruwan da aka dasa cikin tukunyar, ana buƙatar ƙaramin adadin ruwa don dafa nama da kayan lambu. Wannan hanyar dafa abinci tana da mahimmanci a wuraren da ruwa ke da iyaka ko kuma inda ba a samu ruwan jama'a ba.<ref>https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-use-a-moroccan-tagine#how-to-use-a-tagine {{Bare URL inline|date=May 2022}}</ref> == Tajine na Tunisia == [[File:Tajine_tunisien.JPG|thumb|Tajine na Tunisia]] Abin da 'yan Tunisiya ke kira "tajine" ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan tasa.<ref name="Wolfert-Tunisian2">{{cite web|url=http://www.paula-wolfert.com/recipes/tun_tagine.html|author=Paula Wolfert|title=Recipe for Tunisian Tajine|access-date=2014-07-21}}</ref> Tajine na Tunisiya ya fi kama da frittata na Italiyanci ko eggah. Da farko, ana shirya ragout mai sauƙi, na naman da aka yanka a ƙanana sosai, ana dafa shi da albasa da kayan yaji, kamar haɗaɗɗen busassun furen fure da kirfa na ƙasa wanda aka fi sani da baharat ko haɗakar daɗaɗɗen ciyawa da caraway tsaba; wannan ake ce ma tabil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foodandwine.com/articles/divine-secrets-of-the-mahjoub-sisterhood|author=Nancy Harmon Jenkins|title=Divine Secrets of the Mahjoub Sisterhood|access-date=2008-04-27|archive-date=2008-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509162927/http://www.foodandwine.com/articles/divine-secrets-of-the-mahjoub-sisterhood|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sannan a zuba wani abu mai sitaci domin ya kauri. Masu kauri na gama-gari sun haɗa da wake cannellini, chickpeas, breadcrumbs ko dankali mai cubed. Lokacin da naman ya yi laushi, ana haɗa shi tare da abubuwan da aka zaɓa don zama mafi yawan dandano. Misalai sun haɗa da faski, busasshen mint, saffron, busasshen tumatiri da rana, dafaffen kayan lambu da ƙwalwar maruƙa. Bayan haka, an wadatar da stew da cuku da ƙwai. A karshe ana toya wannan kwai da stew a cikin wani kwanon abinci mai zurfi, ko dai a kan murhu ko kuma a cikin tanda har sai an dahu sama da kasa sosai sannan a ajiye kwai. Idan tajine ta shirya sai a juye a faranti a yanka ta cikin murabba'i, tare da yankan lemo. Hakanan ana iya yin tajin Tunisiya da abincin teku ko a matsayin abinci mai cin ganyayyaki gaba ɗaya. A yankunan karkarar Tunisiya, masu dafa abinci na gida suna sanya wani farantin ƙasa mai zurfi a kan garwashin itacen zaitun, su cika shi, a rufe shi da kasko mai lebur, sannan su tara garwashi a sama. Sakamakon tajine yana da ɓawon ciki a sama da ƙasa, ɗanɗano ne a ciki kuma ana zuba shi da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi. == Tagine na Yahudancin Maghrebi == Yahudawan Maghrebi kuma suna cin abinci kuma suna shirya tagine, saboda kasancewarsu na tarihi a Arewacin Afirka. Tagine abinci ne mai matukar muhimmanci a cikin abinci na Sephardi, kuma Yahudawan Moroko, Yahudawan Aljeriya, Yahudawan Tunisiya, Yahudawan Libya, Yahudawan Djerban, da Yahudawan Faransanci, Bayahude Ba’amurke, da Isra’ilawa ne suke cin su kuma suna shirya su. Sephardim a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe. Tagine shine babban jigon abinci na Sephardic<ref>{{cite news|title=Seven Sephardic Foods that won't make buzzfeed gag|url=https://forward.com/opinion/206532/9-sephardi-dishes-that-won-t-make-buzzfeed-gag/|access-date=18 October 2019|agency=The Forward}}</ref> wanda aka saba shirya don abincin dare na Shabbat a cikin al'ummar Sephardi, kuma ana yin hidima tare da couscous. Sephardim daga yankuna daban-daban suna shirya nau'o'in Tagine daban-daban, misali Yahudawa na Moroccan sukan shirya tagine tare da busassun 'ya'yan itatuwa, yayin da Yahudawan Tunisiya sukan shirya tagine na kayan lambu mai dauke da dankali, karas, da zucchini a yanka a cikin manyan dice. Hakanan ana shirya Tagine akai-akai don bukukuwan Yahudawa kamar Rosh Hashanah da kalacin Yom Kippur.<ref>{{cite news|title=You're Doing it Wrong: Tagine|url=https://slate.com/culture/2014/09/tagine-recipe-for-rosh-hashanah-yom-kippur-or-just-because-youre-hungry.amp|access-date=18 October 2019|agency=Slate|archive-date=18 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018061034/https://slate.com/culture/2014/09/tagine-recipe-for-rosh-hashanah-yom-kippur-or-just-because-youre-hungry.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed"> File:Le plus grand Tajine au monde.jpg|Hoton Tajine a Safi, Morocco File:Tajine potter.jpg|Tajine mai tukwane File:Kelaa-des-Mgouna (rosino-02).jpg|Tajine dafa abinci File:ElectricalTajine3.jpg|Tajine na lantarki File:Cascades d'Ouzoud 015.JPG|An yi amfani da Tajine a waje File:Md.Boualam Tajine,Outdoor cooking.jpg|Dafa abinci a waje ta amfani da tajine File:Tajin aux pruneaux.JPG|Tajine tare da rago, prunes da almonds </gallery> == Manazarta == 8c3parfym94mulzrlmaz98mg46ykf42 892863 892861 2026-08-08T10:18:27Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tajine''' ko '''tagine''' abinci ne na Arewacin Afirka, ana kiransa da tukunyar yumbu da ake dafa shi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Histoire du tajine, un éloge berbère de la lenteur|trans-title=History of the tagine, a Berber praise of slowness|magazine=GEO|date=12 November 2018|url=https://www.geo.fr/voyage/maroc-petite-histoire-du-tajine-un-eloge-berbere-de-la-lenteur-193370}}</ref> Ana kuma kiransa ''maraq'' ko ''marqa''. == Etymology == Larabci طجين (ṭažin) an samo shi daga Berber ''ṭajin'' "tukun ƙasa marar zurfi", daga tsohuwar Girkanci τάγηνον (''tágēnon'') "kwannonin soya, tukunya".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Albala|first1=Ken|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia, Volume 1|date=2011|publisher=Greenwood|isbn=978-0313376269|page=234|quote=The Arabic word ṭažin is derived from the Greek teganon, meaning “frying pan".}}</ref><ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dta%2Fghnon τάγηνον], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref><ref name="WR2">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/arabic/middle_east_news/newsid_7429000/7429173.stm|title=الطاجين المغربي يقاوم التشويه|date=31 May 2008|publisher=[[BBC Arabic]]|access-date=12 December 2012}}</ref> == Asalin == A kan bangon Antonine wanda kuma gwamnan Numidiya na Roman Birtaniyya, Quintus Lollius Urbicus ya gina, an gano nau'ikan tukwane iri-iri, ɗaya kasancewar tasa ce mai yuwuwa ya zama mafari ga Tajine na zamani.<ref>[https://blog.historicenvironment.scot/2018/10/africans-antonine-wall/ Africans on the Antonine Wall?] Rebecca Jones Historic Environment Scotland</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17567505.2021.1916703|doi=10.1080/17567505.2021.1916703|title=What Divides Us Also Connects Us: Roman Frontiers, World Heritage and Community|year=2021|last1=Jones|first1=Rebecca H.|journal=The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice|volume=12|issue=2|pages=120–145|s2cid=236625898}}</ref> Hakanan an gano guntuwar tajin a tsakanin yumbu na Numidian.<ref>Ben Moussa, Moncef, Joan Ramon, Víctor Revilla Calvo, Joan (Sanmartí i Grego) Sanmartí, Maria Carme Belarte Franco, Chokri Touihri, Imed Ben Jarbania, and Sami Ben Tahar. [https://www.recercat.cat/bitstream/handle/2072/289485/2011-Belarte-Althiburos.pdf?sequence=1 Catalogue Du Mobilier] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717084504/https://www.recercat.cat/bitstream/handle/2072/289485/2011-Belarte-Althiburos.pdf?sequence=1 |date=2022-07-17 }}. 2011. Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya.</ref> Tarihin tagine ya kuma samo asali ne tun zamanin Haruna Al-Rashid, Halifan Abbasiyawa na biyar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r723owliVz8C&pg=PA254|title=The New Book of Middle Eastern Food|last=Roden|first=Claudia|date=2008-12-24|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=9780307558565|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/04/22/146374.html|title=Tagine in heartwarming spoonfuls|website=english.alarabiya.net|date=22 April 2011|publisher=Al Arabiya Newsdate=22 April 2011|access-date=2017-10-14}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IYeOAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT1608|title=Encyclopedia of Kitchen History|last=Snodgrass|first=Mary Ellen|date=2004-12-29|publisher=Routledge|isbn=1135455716|language=en}}</ref> Rubuce-rubucen farko game da manufar dafa abinci a cikin tajine sun bayyana a cikin shahararren ''One Thousand and One Nights'', tarin labaran larabci daga ƙarni na 9.<ref name=":03" /> A yau, tukunyar dafa abinci da naman ta na gargajiya ana shirya su ne a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka. Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don shirya tajine. A tsarin qidra na asali, ana amfani da ''saman'' (man shanu mai tsabta) don shafawa saman ƙasa sannan a ƙara yankakken albasa don dandano da ƙamshi. Don dafa abinci irin na ''muqawlli'', ana kuma sanya kayan aikin a cikin man zaitun don wadatar da dandano. Akwai bayanai da yawa na yadda ake shirya tajine daga malaman Larabawa. Shahararriyar bayanin shi ne na ibn al-Adim (1192-1262): {{Blockquote|text=A tafasa naman sai a soya da sabo, albasa da kayan kamshi mai zafi da tafarnuwa kadan. Sa'an nan kuma ku fitar da zukatan fennel a yanka a rabi. Saka kan nama. Sai ki mayar da ruwan romon a kai tare da wutsiyar tumaki. Tafasa har sai an dahu kuma broth ya nutse. Cire [daga zafi].|author=Ibn al-Adim|title={{transl|ar|Kitab Al Wuslah il Al-Habib fi wasf al tayyibat wa Al-Tib}}}} [[File:Tagine_aux_olives_algérien.jpg|thumb|Aljeriya tajine zitoun (kaza da zaitun tajine).]] == Tukwane == Tukwane na gargajiya na tajine, wani lokacin fenti ko glazed, ya ƙunshi sassa biyu: rukunin tushe mai madauwari wanda ke da lebur tare da ƙananan gefe da babban murfin mazugi ko kumbura wanda ke zaune a gindi yayin dafa abinci. An ƙera murfin don mayar da duk abin da ke ciki zuwa ƙasa. Ana iya inganta wannan tsari ta ƙara ruwan sanyi a cikin rijiyar da aka kera ta musamman a saman murfi. A al'adance ana dafa Tajine akan gawayi mai zafi yana barin isasshen sarari tsakanin garwashin da tukunyar tajine don gujewa tashin zafi da sauri. Ana amfani da manyan bulo na gawayi, musamman don iya zama da zafi na awanni. Sauran hanyoyin su ne yin amfani da tajine a cikin tanda a hankali ko kuma a saman murhu mai iskar gas ko lantarki, a kan mafi ƙarancin zafi da ake buƙata don kiyaye stew ɗin a hankali. Ana amfani da na'ura mai yatsa, kayan aikin madauwari da aka sanya tsakanin tajine da harshen wuta, ana amfani da shi don rarraba zafin murhu daidai gwargwado. Masana'antun Turai sun ƙirƙira tajin tare da babban simintin ƙarfe na ƙarfe waɗanda za a iya dumama su a kan murhu mai zafi zuwa zafi mai zafi, wanda ke ba da izinin yin launin nama da kayan lambu kafin dafa abinci. Ana iya maimaita girkin Tajine ta amfani da jinkirin mai dafa abinci ko makamancin haka, amma sakamakon zai ɗan bambanta. Yawancin tajin yumbu abubuwa ne na ado da kuma tasoshin dafa abinci. Wasu tajin, duk da haka, ana nufin kawai a yi amfani da su azaman kayan abinci na ado. == Tajine na Aljeriya da Morocco == [[File:طاجن_بيض_ومطيش_وكرات_د_اللحم.jpg|thumb|Tajine tare da tumatir, naman nama, da kwai suna yin hidimar zafi a Casablanca.]] Jita-jita tajine na Aljeriya da na Moroko su ne miya mai daɗin dafawa a hankali, yawanci ana yin su da yankakken nama, kaji ko kifi tare da kayan lambu ko 'ya'yan itace.<ref name="Long20152">{{cite book|author=Lucy M. Long|title=Ethnic American Food Today: A Cultural Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DBzYCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA24|date=17 July 2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-2731-6|pages=24–27}}</ref><ref name="Edelstein20112">{{cite book|author=Sari Edelstein|title=Food, Cuisine, and Cultural Competency for Culinary, Hospitality, and Nutrition Professionals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lj0CeaIIETkC&pg=PA344|year=2011|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=978-0-7637-5965-0|page=344}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fescooking.com/come-cook-with-us/the-art-of-moroccan-cuisine|title=The Art of Moroccan Cuisine|work=fescooking.com|date=10 October 2007}}</ref> Ana kuma amfani da kayan yaji, goro, da busassun 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kayan yaji na yau da kullun sun haɗa da ginger, cumin, turmeric, kirfa, da saffron. Ana amfani da paprika da chili a cikin kayan lambu tajines. Haɗin zaki da tsami ya zama ruwan dare a cikin abinci tajine kamar rago tare da prunes da kayan yaji. Gabaɗaya ana ba da Tajine da burodi. Domin murfin tukunyar tajine mai siffar domed ko mazugi yana kama tururi kuma ya mayar da ruwan da aka dasa cikin tukunyar, ana buƙatar ƙaramin adadin ruwa don dafa nama da kayan lambu. Wannan hanyar dafa abinci tana da mahimmanci a wuraren da ruwa ke da iyaka ko kuma inda ba a samu ruwan jama'a ba.<ref>https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-use-a-moroccan-tagine#how-to-use-a-tagine {{Bare URL inline|date=May 2022}}</ref> == Tajine na Tunisia == [[File:Tajine_tunisien.JPG|thumb|Tajine na Tunisia]] Abin da 'yan Tunisiya ke kira "tajine" ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan tasa.<ref name="Wolfert-Tunisian2">{{cite web|url=http://www.paula-wolfert.com/recipes/tun_tagine.html|author=Paula Wolfert|title=Recipe for Tunisian Tajine|access-date=2014-07-21}}</ref> Tajine na Tunisiya ya fi kama da frittata na Italiyanci ko eggah. Da farko, ana shirya ragout mai sauƙi, na naman da aka yanka a ƙanana sosai, ana dafa shi da albasa da kayan yaji, kamar haɗaɗɗen busassun furen fure da kirfa na ƙasa wanda aka fi sani da baharat ko haɗakar daɗaɗɗen ciyawa da caraway tsaba; wannan ake ce ma tabil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foodandwine.com/articles/divine-secrets-of-the-mahjoub-sisterhood|author=Nancy Harmon Jenkins|title=Divine Secrets of the Mahjoub Sisterhood|access-date=2008-04-27|archive-date=2008-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509162927/http://www.foodandwine.com/articles/divine-secrets-of-the-mahjoub-sisterhood|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sannan a zuba wani abu mai sitaci domin ya kauri. Masu kauri na gama-gari sun haɗa da wake cannellini, chickpeas, breadcrumbs ko dankali mai cubed. Lokacin da naman ya yi laushi, ana haɗa shi tare da abubuwan da aka zaɓa don zama mafi yawan dandano. Misalai sun haɗa da faski, busasshen mint, saffron, busasshen tumatiri da rana, dafaffen kayan lambu da ƙwalwar maruƙa. Bayan haka, an wadatar da stew da cuku da ƙwai. A karshe ana toya wannan kwai da stew a cikin wani kwanon abinci mai zurfi, ko dai a kan murhu ko kuma a cikin tanda har sai an dahu sama da kasa sosai sannan a ajiye kwai. Idan tajine ta shirya sai a juye a faranti a yanka ta cikin murabba'i, tare da yankan lemo. Hakanan ana iya yin tajin Tunisiya da abincin teku ko a matsayin abinci mai cin ganyayyaki gaba ɗaya. A yankunan karkarar Tunisiya, masu dafa abinci na gida suna sanya wani farantin ƙasa mai zurfi a kan garwashin itacen zaitun, su cika shi, a rufe shi da kasko mai lebur, sannan su tara garwashi a sama. Sakamakon tajine yana da ɓawon ciki a sama da ƙasa, ɗanɗano ne a ciki kuma ana zuba shi da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi. == Tagine na Yahudancin Maghrebi == Yahudawan Maghrebi kuma suna cin abinci kuma suna shirya tagine, saboda kasancewarsu na tarihi a Arewacin Afirka. Tagine abinci ne mai matukar muhimmanci a cikin abinci na Sephardi, kuma Yahudawan Moroko, Yahudawan Aljeriya, Yahudawan Tunisiya, Yahudawan Libya, Yahudawan Djerban, da Yahudawan Faransanci, Bayahude Ba’amurke, da Isra’ilawa ne suke cin su kuma suna shirya su. Sephardim a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe. Tagine shine babban jigon abinci na Sephardic<ref>{{cite news|title=Seven Sephardic Foods that won't make buzzfeed gag|url=https://forward.com/opinion/206532/9-sephardi-dishes-that-won-t-make-buzzfeed-gag/|access-date=18 October 2019|agency=The Forward}}</ref> wanda aka saba shirya don abincin dare na Shabbat a cikin al'ummar Sephardi, kuma ana yin hidima tare da couscous. Sephardim daga yankuna daban-daban suna shirya nau'o'in Tagine daban-daban, misali Yahudawa na Moroccan sukan shirya tagine tare da busassun 'ya'yan itatuwa, yayin da Yahudawan Tunisiya sukan shirya tagine na kayan lambu mai dauke da dankali, karas, da zucchini a yanka a cikin manyan dice. Hakanan ana shirya Tagine akai-akai don bukukuwan Yahudawa kamar Rosh Hashanah da kalacin Yom Kippur.<ref>{{cite news|title=You're Doing it Wrong: Tagine|url=https://slate.com/culture/2014/09/tagine-recipe-for-rosh-hashanah-yom-kippur-or-just-because-youre-hungry.amp|access-date=18 October 2019|agency=Slate|archive-date=18 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018061034/https://slate.com/culture/2014/09/tagine-recipe-for-rosh-hashanah-yom-kippur-or-just-because-youre-hungry.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed"> File:Le plus grand Tajine au monde.jpg|Hoton Tajine a Safi, Morocco File:Tajine potter.jpg|Tajine mai tukwane File:Kelaa-des-Mgouna (rosino-02).jpg|Tajine dafa abinci File:ElectricalTajine3.jpg|Tajine na lantarki File:Cascades d'Ouzoud 015.JPG|An yi amfani da Tajine a waje File:Md.Boualam Tajine,Outdoor cooking.jpg|Dafa abinci a waje ta amfani da tajine File:Tajin aux pruneaux.JPG|Tajine tare da rago, prunes da almonds </gallery> == Manazarta == 37751ua6d0zo2odh7zbf2rpfb8axl8z 892864 892863 2026-08-08T10:18:44Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tajine''' ko '''tagine''' abinci ne na Arewacin Afirka, ana kiransa da tukunyar yumbu da ake dafa shi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Histoire du tajine, un éloge berbère de la lenteur|trans-title=History of the tagine, a Berber praise of slowness|magazine=GEO|date=12 November 2018|url=https://www.geo.fr/voyage/maroc-petite-histoire-du-tajine-un-eloge-berbere-de-la-lenteur-193370}}</ref> Ana kuma kiransa ''maraq'' ko ''marqa''. == Etymology == Larabci طجين (ṭažin) an samo shi daga Berber ''ṭajin'' "tukun ƙasa marar zurfi", daga tsohuwar Girkanci τάγηνον (''tágēnon'') "kwannonin soya, tukunya".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Albala|first1=Ken|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia, Volume 1|date=2011|publisher=Greenwood|isbn=978-0313376269|page=234|quote=The Arabic word ṭažin is derived from the Greek teganon, meaning “frying pan".}}</ref><ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dta%2Fghnon τάγηνον], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref><ref name="WR2">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/arabic/middle_east_news/newsid_7429000/7429173.stm|title=الطاجين المغربي يقاوم التشويه|date=31 May 2008|publisher=[[BBC Arabic]]|access-date=12 December 2012}}</ref> == Asalin == A kan bangon Antonine wanda kuma gwamnan Numidiya na Roman Birtaniyya, Quintus Lollius Urbicus ya gina, an gano nau'ikan tukwane iri-iri, ɗaya kasancewar tasa ce mai yuwuwa ya zama mafari ga Tajine na zamani.<ref>[https://blog.historicenvironment.scot/2018/10/africans-antonine-wall/ Africans on the Antonine Wall?] Rebecca Jones Historic Environment Scotland</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17567505.2021.1916703|doi=10.1080/17567505.2021.1916703|title=What Divides Us Also Connects Us: Roman Frontiers, World Heritage and Community|year=2021|last1=Jones|first1=Rebecca H.|journal=The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice|volume=12|issue=2|pages=120–145|s2cid=236625898}}</ref> Hakanan an gano guntuwar tajin a tsakanin yumbu na Numidian.<ref>Ben Moussa, Moncef, Joan Ramon, Víctor Revilla Calvo, Joan (Sanmartí i Grego) Sanmartí, Maria Carme Belarte Franco, Chokri Touihri, Imed Ben Jarbania, and Sami Ben Tahar. [https://www.recercat.cat/bitstream/handle/2072/289485/2011-Belarte-Althiburos.pdf?sequence=1 Catalogue Du Mobilier] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717084504/https://www.recercat.cat/bitstream/handle/2072/289485/2011-Belarte-Althiburos.pdf?sequence=1 |date=2022-07-17 }}. 2011. Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya.</ref> Tarihin tagine ya kuma samo asali ne tun zamanin Haruna Al-Rashid, Halifan Abbasiyawa na biyar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r723owliVz8C&pg=PA254|title=The New Book of Middle Eastern Food|last=Roden|first=Claudia|date=2008-12-24|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=9780307558565|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/04/22/146374.html|title=Tagine in heartwarming spoonfuls|website=english.alarabiya.net|date=22 April 2011|publisher=Al Arabiya Newsdate=22 April 2011|access-date=2017-10-14}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IYeOAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT1608|title=Encyclopedia of Kitchen History|last=Snodgrass|first=Mary Ellen|date=2004-12-29|publisher=Routledge|isbn=1135455716|language=en}}</ref> Rubuce-rubucen farko game da manufar dafa abinci a cikin tajine sun bayyana a cikin shahararren ''One Thousand and One Nights'', tarin labaran larabci daga ƙarni na 9.<ref name=":03" /> A yau, tukunyar dafa abinci da naman ta na gargajiya ana shirya su ne a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka. Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don shirya tajine. A tsarin qidra na asali, ana amfani da ''saman'' (man shanu mai tsabta) don shafawa saman ƙasa sannan a ƙara yankakken albasa don dandano da ƙamshi. Don dafa abinci irin na ''muqawlli'', ana kuma sanya kayan aikin a cikin man zaitun don wadatar da dandano. Akwai bayanai da yawa na yadda ake shirya tajine daga malaman Larabawa. Shahararriyar bayanin shi ne na ibn al-Adim (1192-1262): {{Blockquote|text=A tafasa naman sai a soya da sabo, albasa da kayan kamshi mai zafi da tafarnuwa kadan. Sa'an nan kuma ku fitar da zukatan fennel a yanka a rabi. Saka kan nama. Sai ki mayar da ruwan romon a kai tare da wutsiyar tumaki. Tafasa har sai an dahu kuma broth ya nutse. Cire [daga zafi].|author=Ibn al-Adim|title={{transl|ar|Kitab Al Wuslah il Al-Habib fi wasf al tayyibat wa Al-Tib}}}} [[File:Tagine_aux_olives_algérien.jpg|thumb|Aljeriya tajine zitoun (kaza da zaitun tajine).]] == Tukwane == Tukwane na gargajiya na tajine, wani lokacin fenti ko glazed, ya ƙunshi sassa biyu: rukunin tushe mai madauwari wanda ke da lebur tare da ƙananan gefe da babban murfin mazugi ko kumbura wanda ke zaune a gindi yayin dafa abinci. An ƙera murfin don mayar da duk abin da ke ciki zuwa ƙasa. Ana iya inganta wannan tsari ta ƙara ruwan sanyi a cikin rijiyar da aka kera ta musamman a saman murfi. A al'adance ana dafa Tajine akan gawayi mai zafi yana barin isasshen sarari tsakanin garwashin da tukunyar tajine don gujewa tashin zafi da sauri. Ana amfani da manyan bulo na gawayi, musamman don iya zama da zafi na awanni. Sauran hanyoyin su ne yin amfani da tajine a cikin tanda a hankali ko kuma a saman murhu mai iskar gas ko lantarki, a kan mafi ƙarancin zafi da ake buƙata don kiyaye stew ɗin a hankali. Ana amfani da na'ura mai yatsa, kayan aikin madauwari da aka sanya tsakanin tajine da harshen wuta, ana amfani da shi don rarraba zafin murhu daidai gwargwado. Masana'antun Turai sun ƙirƙira tajin tare da babban simintin ƙarfe na ƙarfe waɗanda za a iya dumama su a kan murhu mai zafi zuwa zafi mai zafi, wanda ke ba da izinin yin launin nama da kayan lambu kafin dafa abinci. Ana kuma iya maimaita girkin Tajine ta amfani da jinkirin mai dafa abinci ko makamancin haka, amma sakamakon zai ɗan bambanta. Yawancin tajin yumbu abubuwa ne na ado da kuma tasoshin dafa abinci. Wasu tajin, duk da haka, ana nufin kawai a yi amfani da su azaman kayan abinci na ado. == Tajine na Aljeriya da Morocco == [[File:طاجن_بيض_ومطيش_وكرات_د_اللحم.jpg|thumb|Tajine tare da tumatir, naman nama, da kwai suna yin hidimar zafi a Casablanca.]] Jita-jita tajine na Aljeriya da na Moroko su ne miya mai daɗin dafawa a hankali, yawanci ana yin su da yankakken nama, kaji ko kifi tare da kayan lambu ko 'ya'yan itace.<ref name="Long20152">{{cite book|author=Lucy M. Long|title=Ethnic American Food Today: A Cultural Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DBzYCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA24|date=17 July 2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-2731-6|pages=24–27}}</ref><ref name="Edelstein20112">{{cite book|author=Sari Edelstein|title=Food, Cuisine, and Cultural Competency for Culinary, Hospitality, and Nutrition Professionals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lj0CeaIIETkC&pg=PA344|year=2011|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=978-0-7637-5965-0|page=344}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fescooking.com/come-cook-with-us/the-art-of-moroccan-cuisine|title=The Art of Moroccan Cuisine|work=fescooking.com|date=10 October 2007}}</ref> Ana kuma amfani da kayan yaji, goro, da busassun 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kayan yaji na yau da kullun sun haɗa da ginger, cumin, turmeric, kirfa, da saffron. Ana amfani da paprika da chili a cikin kayan lambu tajines. Haɗin zaki da tsami ya zama ruwan dare a cikin abinci tajine kamar rago tare da prunes da kayan yaji. Gabaɗaya ana ba da Tajine da burodi. Domin murfin tukunyar tajine mai siffar domed ko mazugi yana kama tururi kuma ya mayar da ruwan da aka dasa cikin tukunyar, ana buƙatar ƙaramin adadin ruwa don dafa nama da kayan lambu. Wannan hanyar dafa abinci tana da mahimmanci a wuraren da ruwa ke da iyaka ko kuma inda ba a samu ruwan jama'a ba.<ref>https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-use-a-moroccan-tagine#how-to-use-a-tagine {{Bare URL inline|date=May 2022}}</ref> == Tajine na Tunisia == [[File:Tajine_tunisien.JPG|thumb|Tajine na Tunisia]] Abin da 'yan Tunisiya ke kira "tajine" ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan tasa.<ref name="Wolfert-Tunisian2">{{cite web|url=http://www.paula-wolfert.com/recipes/tun_tagine.html|author=Paula Wolfert|title=Recipe for Tunisian Tajine|access-date=2014-07-21}}</ref> Tajine na Tunisiya ya fi kama da frittata na Italiyanci ko eggah. Da farko, ana shirya ragout mai sauƙi, na naman da aka yanka a ƙanana sosai, ana dafa shi da albasa da kayan yaji, kamar haɗaɗɗen busassun furen fure da kirfa na ƙasa wanda aka fi sani da baharat ko haɗakar daɗaɗɗen ciyawa da caraway tsaba; wannan ake ce ma tabil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foodandwine.com/articles/divine-secrets-of-the-mahjoub-sisterhood|author=Nancy Harmon Jenkins|title=Divine Secrets of the Mahjoub Sisterhood|access-date=2008-04-27|archive-date=2008-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509162927/http://www.foodandwine.com/articles/divine-secrets-of-the-mahjoub-sisterhood|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sannan a zuba wani abu mai sitaci domin ya kauri. Masu kauri na gama-gari sun haɗa da wake cannellini, chickpeas, breadcrumbs ko dankali mai cubed. Lokacin da naman ya yi laushi, ana haɗa shi tare da abubuwan da aka zaɓa don zama mafi yawan dandano. Misalai sun haɗa da faski, busasshen mint, saffron, busasshen tumatiri da rana, dafaffen kayan lambu da ƙwalwar maruƙa. Bayan haka, an wadatar da stew da cuku da ƙwai. A karshe ana toya wannan kwai da stew a cikin wani kwanon abinci mai zurfi, ko dai a kan murhu ko kuma a cikin tanda har sai an dahu sama da kasa sosai sannan a ajiye kwai. Idan tajine ta shirya sai a juye a faranti a yanka ta cikin murabba'i, tare da yankan lemo. Hakanan ana iya yin tajin Tunisiya da abincin teku ko a matsayin abinci mai cin ganyayyaki gaba ɗaya. A yankunan karkarar Tunisiya, masu dafa abinci na gida suna sanya wani farantin ƙasa mai zurfi a kan garwashin itacen zaitun, su cika shi, a rufe shi da kasko mai lebur, sannan su tara garwashi a sama. Sakamakon tajine yana da ɓawon ciki a sama da ƙasa, ɗanɗano ne a ciki kuma ana zuba shi da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi. == Tagine na Yahudancin Maghrebi == Yahudawan Maghrebi kuma suna cin abinci kuma suna shirya tagine, saboda kasancewarsu na tarihi a Arewacin Afirka. Tagine abinci ne mai matukar muhimmanci a cikin abinci na Sephardi, kuma Yahudawan Moroko, Yahudawan Aljeriya, Yahudawan Tunisiya, Yahudawan Libya, Yahudawan Djerban, da Yahudawan Faransanci, Bayahude Ba’amurke, da Isra’ilawa ne suke cin su kuma suna shirya su. Sephardim a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe. Tagine shine babban jigon abinci na Sephardic<ref>{{cite news|title=Seven Sephardic Foods that won't make buzzfeed gag|url=https://forward.com/opinion/206532/9-sephardi-dishes-that-won-t-make-buzzfeed-gag/|access-date=18 October 2019|agency=The Forward}}</ref> wanda aka saba shirya don abincin dare na Shabbat a cikin al'ummar Sephardi, kuma ana yin hidima tare da couscous. Sephardim daga yankuna daban-daban suna shirya nau'o'in Tagine daban-daban, misali Yahudawa na Moroccan sukan shirya tagine tare da busassun 'ya'yan itatuwa, yayin da Yahudawan Tunisiya sukan shirya tagine na kayan lambu mai dauke da dankali, karas, da zucchini a yanka a cikin manyan dice. Hakanan ana shirya Tagine akai-akai don bukukuwan Yahudawa kamar Rosh Hashanah da kalacin Yom Kippur.<ref>{{cite news|title=You're Doing it Wrong: Tagine|url=https://slate.com/culture/2014/09/tagine-recipe-for-rosh-hashanah-yom-kippur-or-just-because-youre-hungry.amp|access-date=18 October 2019|agency=Slate|archive-date=18 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018061034/https://slate.com/culture/2014/09/tagine-recipe-for-rosh-hashanah-yom-kippur-or-just-because-youre-hungry.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed"> File:Le plus grand Tajine au monde.jpg|Hoton Tajine a Safi, Morocco File:Tajine potter.jpg|Tajine mai tukwane File:Kelaa-des-Mgouna (rosino-02).jpg|Tajine dafa abinci File:ElectricalTajine3.jpg|Tajine na lantarki File:Cascades d'Ouzoud 015.JPG|An yi amfani da Tajine a waje File:Md.Boualam Tajine,Outdoor cooking.jpg|Dafa abinci a waje ta amfani da tajine File:Tajin aux pruneaux.JPG|Tajine tare da rago, prunes da almonds </gallery> == Manazarta == eulknxhfqc42qy5ezogi602zmonzyl2 0 32823 892774 874902 2026-08-08T07:10:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nyiko Sydney Mobbie''' (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga Satumba, 1994) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne ɗan ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan baya na dama]] ga [[SuperSport United FC|SuperSport United]] da kuma [[Tawagar Kwallon kafar Afirka ta Kudu|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Afirka ta Kudu]] . == Aikin kulob == === Taurarin Jiha na 'Yanci === An haife shi a [[Xikundu]], Malamulele, Afirka ta Kudu, <ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|75945|access-date=1 May 2023}}</ref> Bayan ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta amateur a ƙungiyar FC Basel ta gida, ya koma Free State Stars a 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndebele |first=Sihle |date=23 May 2018 |title=Nyiko Mobbie's heroics recognised |url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sport/soccer/2018-05-23-nyiko-mobbies-heroics-recognised/ |access-date=10 October 2021 |website=[[The Sowetan]]}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 11 ga Mayu 2016 a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 a gida da [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta Kaizer Chiefs|Kaizer Chiefs]] . Ya zura kwallo ɗaya a wasanni 58 kafin ƙungiyar ta koma gasar National First Division a 2019. <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Breakfast |first=Siviwe |date=8 July 2019 |title=Mamelodi Sundowns seal deal with Free State Stars for talented defender |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/sport/soccer/psl-south-africa/mamelodi-sundowns-transfer-news-nyiko-mobbie/ |access-date=10 October 2021 |website=[[The South African]] |archive-date=10 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010132302/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/sport/soccer/psl-south-africa/mamelodi-sundowns-transfer-news-nyiko-mobbie/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Mamelodi Sundowns === Bayan faduwa daga gasar Free State Stars, Mobbie ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da za ta yi da Mamelodi Sundowns a lokacin bazara na 2019. <ref name="auto1"/> Duk da haka, an cire Mobbie daga sansanin atisayen ƙungiyar kafin kakar wasa kuma ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da za ta yi da [[Stellenbosch F.C.|Stellenbosch]] a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa a watan Agusta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2019 |title=Sundowns put Mobbie on ice |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/phakaaathi/local-soccer/2156951/sundowns-put-mobbie-on-ice/ |access-date=10 October 2021 |website=[[The Citizen (South African newspaper)|The Citizen]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dladla |first=Nkululeko |date=23 August 2019 |title=Nyiko Mobbie joins Stellenbosch FC on loan from Mamelodi Sundowns |url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/premiership/nyiko-mobbie-joins-stellenbosch-fc-on-loan-from-mamelodi-sundowns/661786 |access-date=10 October 2021 |website=Kick Off}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye sau ɗaya a wasanni 27 da ya buga wa Stellenbosch a gasar. A watan Disamba na 2020, Mobbie ya koma [[Chippa United FC|Chippa United]] a matsayin aro har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Madyira |first=Michael |date=2 December 2020 |title=Mobbie & Phewa: Mamelodi Sundowns duo sent to Chippa United on loan |url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/mobbie-phewa-mamelodi-sundowns-duo-sent-to-chippa-united-on/13dxkv6dvobd61j4nta07lcmw6 |access-date=10 October 2021 |website=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni 20 a gasar Chippa United. A ranar 9 ga Satumba, 2021, an sanar da cewa Mobbie ta koma [[Sekhukhune United F.C.|Sekhukhune United]] a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa, inda aka kammala yarjejeniyar mako guda da ya gabata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Khoza |first=Neville |date=9 September 2021 |title=Mobbie gets third loan move in three years |url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sport/soccer/2021-09-09-mobbie-gets-third-loan-move-in-three-years/ |access-date=10 October 2021 |website=The Sowetan}}</ref> Matakin ya zama na dindindin kafin kakar wasa ta 2022-23. <ref>{{Cite web |title='He has never let me down' - Broos defends selection of Mobbie |url=https://www.snl24.com/kickoff/sanews/bafana/he-has-never-let-me-down-hugo-broos-defends-selection-of-sekhukhune-united-star-nyiko-mobbie-20221109}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Mobbie ya fara buga wa [[Tawagar Kwallon kafar Afirka ta Kudu|tawagar ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu]] wasa a ranar 4 ga Agusta 2019 a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 2020 da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Lesotho|Lesotho]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Said |first=Nick |date=4 August 2019 |title=Lesotho dump South Africa out of the African Nations Championship qualifiers |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/soccer/2019-08-04-lesotho-dump-south-africa-out-of-the-african-nations-championship-qualifiers/ |access-date=10 October 2021 |website=[[TimesLIVE]]}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni 5 a gasar cin kofin COSAFA ta 2021, wadda Afirka ta Kudu ta lashe bayan ta doke Senegal a wasan ƙarshe. <ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|75945}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/75945.html "Nyiko Mobbie"]. ''National Football Teams''. Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === : ''Tun daga wasan da aka buga a ranar 26 ga Maris 2024.'' <ref name="NFT"/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !Tawagar ƙasa ! Shekara ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="5" | [[Tawagar Kwallon kafar Afirka ta Kudu|Afirka ta Kudu]] | 2019 | 1 | 0 |- | 2021 | 11 | 0 |- | 2022 | 5 | 0 |- | 2023 | 5 | 0 |- | 2024 | 5 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 27 ! 0 |} == Daraja == '''Afirka ta Kudu''' * Gasar Cin [[Gasar cin kofin Afrika|Kofin Kasashen Afirka ta]] zo ta uku: [[Gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afrika 2023|2023]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Edwards |first=Piers |date=10 February 2024 |title=South Africa 0–0 DR Congo |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68190249 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212015031/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68190249 |archive-date=12 February 2024 |access-date=12 February 2024 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] 31876tnti5zl2nlsgj2vf99qoh6b2gz 0 34362 892741 702299 2026-08-08T05:49:32Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 892741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Modern_Plunketts_Creek_Bridge_No._3_C.jpg |thumb| Gadar]] [[Category:Pages using infobox bridge with unknown parameters|map_captionPlunketts Creek Bridge No. 3]] [[Category:Pages using infobox bridge with unknown parameters|map_typePlunketts Creek Bridge No. 3]] [[Category:Pages using infobox bridge with id]] [[Category:Pages using infobox bridge with extra embedded table]] [[Fayil:Modern Plunketts Creek Bridge No 3 A.jpg|thumb|Plunketts Creek Bridge No. 3]] '''Plunketts Creek Bridge No. 3,'''wata gada ce mai ruguza masonry dutse a kan Plunketts Creek a cikin Garin Plunketts Creek, gundumar Lycoming a [[Jihohi a Tarayyar Amurika|jihar]] [[Pennsylvania]] ta Amurka. An gina shi tsakanin 1840 zuwa 1875, mai yiwuwa kusa da 1840, lokacin da aka gina titin da ke kan rafin da ke tsakanin ƙauyukan Barbours da Proctor da ba a haɗa su ba. Tafiya daga baki,gadar ita ce ta uku da ta haye rafin, saboda haka sunanta. Gadar ta kasance {{Convert|75|ft}} tsawo, tare da baka wanda ya kai {{Convert|44|ft}} {{Convert|18|ft|8|in}} fadi, da fadin titin {{Convert|15|ft|3|in}} .Ya ɗauki hanya ɗaya ta zirga-zirga. A cikin karni na 19, katako, fata, da masana'antun kwal da ke aiki tare da rafin sun yi amfani da gadar da hanyarta. A farkon karni na 20, waɗannan masana'antu sun kusan barin gaba ɗaya, kuma ƙauyuka sun ƙi. Yankin da gadar ta yi aiki ya koma mafi yawa zuwa gandun girma na biyu kuma an yi amfani da shi don shiga filayen Wasannin Jihar Pennsylvania da kuma gonar ciyawar jiha. Plunketts Creek Bridge No. 3 an dauke shi "mahimmanci a matsayin cikakken misali na ginin gada na tsakiyar karni na 19", kuma an ƙara shi zuwa National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 1988. Ko da yake an gyara ta bayan wata babbar ambaliyar ruwa a shekara ta 1918, ambaliya mai tarihi a ranar 21 ga Janairu, 1996, ta lalata gadar sosai, kuma ta rushe a cikin Maris 1996. Kafin ambaliya ta 1996 kimanin motoci 450 ne ke wucewa a kowace rana. Daga baya waccan shekarar, an gina gada mai maye gurbin kuma an rubuta tsohon tsarin dutse ta Tarihin Injiniya na Amurka . An cire shi daga NRHP a ranar 22 ga Yuli, 2002. == Tarihi == === Mazaunan farko da suna === Plunketts Creek yana cikin Kogin Susquehanna na Yammacin Kogin Susquehanna , farkon mazaunan da aka yi rikodin su ne Susquehannocks . Yawansu ya ragu sosai saboda cututtuka da yaƙe-yaƙe da Al'ummai biyar na Iroquois, kuma a shekara ta 1675 sun mutu, sun ƙaura, ko kuma an haɗa su cikin wasu kabilu. Kwarin Kogin Susquehanna na Yamma ya kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Iroquois, waɗanda suka gayyaci ƙabilun da suka yi gudun hijira, ciki har da Lenape ([[Delaware]]) da Shawnee don zama a cikin ƙasashen da Susquehannocks suka bar. Yaƙin Faransanci da Indiya (1754–1763) ya haifar da ƙaura na ƴan asalin ƙasar Amirka da yawa zuwa yamma zuwa rafin Kogin [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]]. <ref name="indians" /> Ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 1768, Birtaniya sun sami Sabon Sayi daga Iroquois a cikin Yarjejeniyar Fort Stanwix, ciki har da abin da yake yanzu Plunketts Creek. Matsala ta farko tare da rafin da turawan mulkin mallaka ya yi tsakanin 1770 da 1776. Ana kiran Plunketts Creek don Kanar William Plunkett, likita, wanda shine shugaban farko na alƙali na Northumberland County bayan an kafa shi a 1772. A lokacin rikice-rikice da ’yan asalin ƙasar Amirka, ya yi wa mutanen da suka ji rauni ya yi yaƙi da ’yan ƙasar. Plunkett ya jagoranci wani balaguro na Pennsylvania a cikin Yaƙin Pennamite-Yankee don tilastawa ƙaura daga [[Connecticut]], waɗanda suka yi iƙirari kuma suka zauna a filaye a cikin [[Wyoming]] Valley kuma Pennsylvania ta yi iƙirarin. Don ayyukansa, an bai wa Plunkett fili fili guda shida wanda ya kai {{Convert|1978|acre}} a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 1776, kodayake ba a bincika ƙasar ba har sai Satumba 1783. Ƙasar Plunkett ta haɗa da [[Delta|bakin]] raƙuman ruwa, don haka an ba Plunketts Creek sunansa. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1791, yana da kimanin shekaru 100, kuma an binne shi a Northumberland ba tare da wani alamar kabari ko abin tunawa ba (sai dai rafin da ke ɗauke da sunansa). <ref name="haer" /> <ref name="history" /> An kafa gundumar Lycoming daga gundumar Northumberland a cikin 1795. Lokacin da aka kafa garin Plunketts Creek Township a cikin gundumar Lycoming a cikin 1838, asalin sunan da aka gabatar shine "Plunkett Township", amma rashin goyon bayan Plunkett ga juyin juya halin Amurka wasu shekarun baya ya sa wasu suyi imani da amincinsa yana tare da Daular Burtaniya. Zargin da ake yi na nuna juyayinsa na aminci ya sa aka ƙi sunan da aka tsara. Bayar da sunan garin don rafi maimakon sunan sa ana ganin sa a matsayin sulhu mai karbuwa. === Kauyuka da hanya === A cikin 1832, John Barbour ya gina katako a kan Loyalsock Creek kusa da bakin Plunketts Creek. Wannan ya ci gaba zuwa ƙauyen Barbours Mills, a yau da ake kira Barbours. A cikin karni na 19th, Barbours yana da maƙera da yawa, otal mai zafin rai, ofis ɗin gidan waya, masana'antar katako da yawa, makaranta, kantin sayar da kaya da kera wagon. A cikin 1840, an gina wata hanya daga arewa daga Barbours tare da Plunketts Creek, ta haye ta sau da yawa. Wannan ita ce ranar farko da za a fara aikin ginin gadar, amma tashar titin gundumar da ta tsira a kan ginin ba ta ambaci gadoji ko mashigar ruwa don tsallaka rafin ba. [[File:1916_Plunketts_Creek_Map.png|alt=Detail of a map showing Barbours at bottom, Proctor near the top, the creek and road between them with each place the road crosses the creek labeled with a number from 1 to 4.|left|thumb| Taswirar 1916 da ke nuna Plunketts Creek da gadoji huɗu da ke samanta tsakanin ƙauyukan Barbours da Proctor]] Gadar tana bakin Coal Mine Hollow, <ref name="topo">{{Cite web|last3=United States Geological Survey}}</ref> kuma hanyar da take kan itacen katako ne da masana'antun kwal waɗanda ke aiki a cikin garin Plunketts Creek Township a cikin ƙarni na 19 da farkon 20th. Creeks a cikin garin sun ba da wutar lantarki zuwa niƙa 14 a cikin 1861, kuma zuwa 1876 akwai injinan katako 19, injin shingle, masana'antar woolen, da masana'anta . <ref name="haer" /> A ƙarshen rabin karni na 19, waɗannan masana'antu sun tallafa wa mazauna ƙauyuka biyu a cikin Garin Plunketts Creek. A cikin 1868 an kafa ƙauyen Proctorville a matsayin garin kamfani na masana'antar fata ta Thomas E. Proctor, wanda aka kammala a cikin 1873. <ref name="now and then" /> Proctor, kamar yadda aka sani yanzu, {{Convert|1.66|mi}} arewa da Barbours tare da Plunketts Creek, kuma babbar hanyar zuwa gare ta ta haye gada. An yi amfani da bawon bishiyar hemlock na gabas wajen aikin tanning, kuma ƙauyen ya fara zama a tsakiyar dazuzzukan dazuzzuka. <ref name="haer" /> Ma'aikatar fatu ta dauki ma'aikata "daruruwan" aiki a kan albashi tsakanin cent 50 zuwa $1.75 a rana. Wadannan ma'aikata sun rayu a cikin 120&nbsp;gidajen kamfanoni, wanda kowannensu yakan biya dala 2 a wata don yin haya. A cikin 1892, Proctor yana da shagon aski, maƙera biyu, tsayawar cigar, Independent Order of Odd Fellows hall, shagon fata, tashar labarai, gidan waya (wanda aka kafa a 1885), makarantar [[ɗaki]] biyu, shaguna biyu, da kantin wagon. . <ref name="history" /> <ref name="now and then" /> Hanyar da ke tsakanin Barbours da Proctor ta ratsa Plunketts Creek sau hudu kuma gadoji hudu an lissafta su cikin tsari, suna farawa daga kudu maso kudu a Barbours kusa da baki kuma suna hawa sama. Yayin da shaidu irin su taswirori ke nuna cewa an gina gada ta uku kusa da 1840, tabbataccen tabbaci na farko na wanzuwarsa shine binciken da aka yi don mayar da hanyar tsakanin gadoji na biyu da na uku a 1875. An maye gurbin gada ta farko akan Plunketts Creek da gada da aka rufe a 1880, kuma gada ta biyu ta maye gurbin a 1886. A wannan shekarar, hanyar da ke tsakanin gadoji ta biyu da ta uku ta sake motsawa, ta koma matsayinta na farko a yammacin rafin. Ƙarshen fata ta tafin kafa an ɗauko ta a kan gada ta keken doki kudu {{Convert|8|mi}} zuwa Little Bear Creek, inda aka musanya shi da "kore" boye da sauran kayayyaki da aka kawo arewa daga Montoursville . Daga nan aka kai su arewa gadar zuwa Proctor. Fatukan, waɗanda aka yi wa tangar fata don yin fata, sun fito ne daga Amurka, har zuwa [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], [[Argentina]], da [[Sin|China]] . Bawon Hemlock, wanda aka yi amfani da shi wajen aikin tanning, an ɗauko shi zuwa masana'antar fatu daga har zuwa {{Convert|8|mi}} nesa da lokacin rani da hunturu, ta amfani da keken keke da sleds. Haɓakar katako akan Plunketts Creek ya ƙare lokacin da katakon budurwar ya ƙare. A shekara ta 1898, tsohuwar hemlock na girma ya ƙare kuma an rufe shi kuma an rushe kamfanin Proctor Tannery, wanda ke da kamfanin Elk Tanning. === Karni na 20 === [[File:Plunketts_Creek_Bridge_No._3,_photo_5,_Crop.jpg|alt=Black and white photograph looking along the roadway of a bridge flanked by low stone walls with a large "ROAD CLOSED" sign on the bridge. Snow covers some of the bridge and the forested hillside in the background.|thumb| Duba arewa maso gabas a kan gadar zuwa filayen Wasan Jiha Lamba 134 a cikin Janairu 1996 (lalacewar ambaliyar ruwa ta riga ta rufe gadar a lokacin)]] Ƙananan katako ya ci gaba a cikin magudanar ruwa a cikin karni na 20, amma an yi ta shawagi na ƙarshe a ƙarƙashin gadar Plunketts Creek zuwa Loyalsock Creek a 1905. A cikin 1918, ambaliya a kan rafin ya lalata hanya tsawon {{Convert|100|ft}} a bangarorin biyu na gadar, kuma ya haifar da "tsattsauran ra'ayi da fashe gada kanta". Gadar ta bukaci gyara da sake ginawa. A cikin 1931, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ta zartar da doka wacce ta ba wa jihar alhakin farashin titi da gada don yawancin manyan tituna na [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]]. Wannan ya fara aiki a cikin 1932, tare da sauke Plunketts Creek Township da Lycoming County na alhakin. <ref name="haer" /> Ba tare da katako da masana'antar fatu ba, al'ummar Proctor da Barbours sun ragu, haka kuma zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a kan hanya da gadoji a tsakanin su. Ofishin gidan waya na Barbours ya rufe a cikin 1930s kuma ofishin gidan waya na Proctor ya rufe a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1953. Kauyukan biyu kuma sun rasa makarantunsu da kuma kusan dukkanin kasuwancinsu. Proctor ya yi bikin cika shekaru ɗari a 1968, kuma labarin jarida na 1970 akan taron shekara-shekara na "Proctor Homecoming" karo na 39 ya kira shi "tsohon garin tannery da ke kusa". <ref name="proctor history" /> A cikin 1980s, kantin sayar da na ƙarshe a Barbours ya rufe, kuma tsohon otal (wanda ya zama kulob na farauta) ya tsage don yin hanyar sabuwar gada a kan Loyalsock Creek. Plunketts Creek wuri ne na katako da yawon shakatawa tun lokacin da aka kafa ƙauyuka, kuma yayin da masana'antu suka ragu, yanayin ya dawo. Dazuzzuka na biyu na girma tun daga lokacin sun mamaye mafi yawan wuraren da aka yanke. Majalisar dokokin jihar Pennsylvania ta ba da izinin mallakar filaye da aka yi watsi da ita don filayen Wasannin Jihar Pennsylvania a cikin 1919, kuma Hukumar Wasannin Pennsylvania (PGC) ta sami dukiya tare da Plunketts Creek don Lamba na Ƙasar Wasan Jiha 134 tsakanin 1937 da 1945. ] Babban kofar shiga Lands Game Lands 134 tana arewa da wurin gadar, a gefen gabas na rafin. <ref name="haer" /> PGC ta kafa Farmakin Wasannin Jiha ta Arewa ta Tsakiya a cikin 1945 a wani yanki na filayen Wasan Jiha 134 don kiwon turkey daji. An canza gonar zuwa samar da pheasant na ringneck a cikin 1981, kuma, tun daga 2007, ɗaya ce daga cikin gonakin wasan wasan Pennsylvania guda huɗu waɗanda ke samar da dabbobi kusan 200,000 kowace shekara don sakin ƙasa a buɗe don farautar jama'a. Farmakin Wasannin Jiha ta Arewa ta Tsakiya yana cikin kwarin Plunketts Creek, kudu da Proctor da arewacin gada. Bude karshen mako na lokacin kamun kifi yana kawo ƙarin mutane zuwa ƙauyen Barbours a bakin Plunketts Creek fiye da kowane lokaci na shekara. A ranar 22 ga Yuni, 1988, an ƙara gadar zuwa National Register of Places Historic Places (NRHP), a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ƙididdiga da yawa (MPS) na Babbar Hanya Mallaka ta Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Sashen Sufuri, TR. MPS sun haɗa da gadoji 135 mallakar Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Pennsylvania (PennDOT), 58 daga cikinsu na nau'in baka ne na dutse. Yayin da mutum NRHP form na gada ya kawo rahoton bincike na 1932 (shekarar da jihar ta karɓi kulawar ta), <ref name="nrhp">"Bridge in Plunketts Creek Township". [[National Park Service]] (June 22, 1988). ''Note'': this file contains not only the NRHP Nomination Form, but also the May 31, 2002 letter from the [[Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission]] requesting removal of the bridge from the NRHP.</ref> form ɗin MPS cikin kuskure ya ba da ranar ginin gadar a matsayin 1932. === Ambaliyar ruwa da halaka === [[File:Plunketts_Creek_Bridge_No._3,_photo_6,_Crop.jpg|alt=Black and white photograph of a road lined by a low, cracked stone wall with a house and wooded mountains in the background.|right|thumb| Fashewar fage da gadon gadon gada bayan ambaliya ta Janairu 1996; wannan da sauran barna ne suka haddasa rugujewar gadar a watan Maris na wannan shekarar.]] A cikin Janairu 1996, an yi babban ambaliyar ruwa a duk faɗin Pennsylvania. Farkon lokacin sanyi na 1995–1996 ya yi sanyi da ba a saba gani ba, kuma ƙanƙara mai yawa da aka samu a cikin rafukan gida. Babban guguwa a ranar 6-8 ga Janairu&nbsp;An samar da har zuwa {{Convert|40|in|cm}} na dusar ƙanƙara, wanda aka biyo bayan Janairu 19-21&nbsp;da fiye da {{Convert|3|in|mm}} ruwan sama tare da yanayin zafi sama da {{Convert|62|F}} da iska har zuwa {{Convert|38|mph}} . Ruwan sama da narkewar dusar ƙanƙara sun haifar da ambaliya a ko'ina cikin Pennsylvania da cunkoson kankara ya sa hakan ya fi muni a koguna da yawa. A wani wurin kuma a gundumar Lycoming, ambaliyar ruwa a Lycoming Creek a ciki da kusa da Williamsport ta kashe mutane shida tare da haddasa asarar miliyoyin daloli. A kan Plunketts Creek, cunkoson kankara ya haifar da rikodin ambaliya, wanda ya haifar da babbar lahani ga gadar dutsen tsakiyar karni na 19. A ƙasa a cikin Barbours, ruwan ya kasance {{Convert|4|ft}} a cikin abin da ake kira "ƙauyen mafi muni a tarihi". {{Ref label|A|Note a|none}} Plunketts Creek Bridge No. 3 daya daga cikin biyu da aka lalata a gundumar Lycoming, kuma a ranar 31 ga Janairu an nuna hoton gadar da ta lalace a shafin farko na ''Williamsport Sun-Gazette'' tare da taken "Wannan tsohuwar gadar dutsen da ke kan Plunketts Creek dole ne. canza." A cikin gundumar Sullivan da ke maƙwabta, gadar Sonestown Covered, kuma a kan NRHP, ambaliyar ta lalace sosai har ta kasance a rufe don gyarawa har zuwa ƙarshen Disamba 1996. A duk faɗin Pennsylvania, waɗannan ambaliya sun yi sanadin mutuwar mutane 20 da kuma gadoji 69 na birni ko na jihohi ko dai an “lalata ko kuma an rufe su har sai an tabbatar da amincin su”. Lokacin da ya bayyana a fili cewa ba za a iya gyara gadar ba, PennDOT ya ba da kwangilar gaggawa don gadar wucin gadi kafin karshen watan Janairu, yana mai nuni da "motocin gaggawa wadanda ba za su iya tafiya kai tsaye daga Barbours" zuwa Proctor da kuma bayan haka ba. Gadar wucin gadi ta kashe $87,000 kuma ta kasance {{Convert|24|ft}} fadi. <ref name="bridge costs" /> Hotunan shigar da gadar a cikin Tarihin Injiniya na Tarihi na Amurka (HAER) an ɗauki su a cikin Janairu, kuma HAER "an shirya fakitin takardu a matsayin raguwa don rushewar gaggawa" na gadar, wacce ta rushe a watan Maris. An kammala gadar maye gurbin dindindin a cikin 1996, <ref name="nrhp">"Bridge in Plunketts Creek Township". [[National Park Service]] (June 22, 1988). ''Note'': this file contains not only the NRHP Nomination Form, but also the May 31, 2002 letter from the [[Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission]] requesting removal of the bridge from the NRHP.</ref> kuma an cire tsohuwar gadar daga NRHP a ranar 22 ga Yuli, 2002. == Bayani da gini == [[File:Plunketts_Creek_Bridge_No._3_Summer.jpg|alt=Black and white photograph of the side of a stone bridge arching over a shallow rocky stream. The torso and head of a person wearing a hard hat can be seen on the left side of the bridge.|left|thumb| Gadar da ba ta da kyau kamar yadda ake gani daga kudu a lokacin rani, tare da mutum akan ta don girma da ma'auni]] Plunketts Creek Bridge No. 3 wata gada ce mai tarkace masonry dutse gada, wacce take fuskantar gabas – yamma akan Plunketts Creek. Gabaɗaya tsayinsa ya kasance {{Convert|75|ft}} kuma bakansa na madauwari guda ɗaya ya kai {{Convert|44|ft}} . <ref name="nrhp">"Bridge in Plunketts Creek Township". [[National Park Service]] (June 22, 1988). ''Note'': this file contains not only the NRHP Nomination Form, but also the May 31, 2002 letter from the [[Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission]] requesting removal of the bridge from the NRHP.</ref> Faɗin benen gadar ya kasance {{Convert|18|ft|8|in}}, kuma hanyarsa ta kasance {{Convert|15|ft|3|in}} fadi, wanda zai iya ɗaukar hanya ɗaya kawai na zirga-zirga. Kafin ambaliyar ruwan da ta kai ga lalata gadar, motoci kusan 450 ne ke tsallaka gadar a kullum. Kusurwoyin waje na bangon reshe sun kasance {{Convert|25|ft}} baya, wanda ya haɗu tare da tsayin tsayin {{Convert|75|ft}} ya jagoranci zuwa jimlar yanki na {{Convert|1875|sqft}} ana jera su akan NRHP. <ref name="nrhp" /> Gadar ta ta'allaka ne a kan abubuwan da aka yi wa ado da siminti bayan an fara gina ta. An goyan bayan baka ta hanyar voussoirs da aka yi da "dutsen tarkace marasa tsari", ba tare da dutsen maɓalli ba. Har ila yau, babu wani dutse da ya ba da kwanan wata ko wasu bayanan ginin. Hannun hanyoyin sun kasance gefen bangon fuka-fuki da aka gina da duwatsun tsage- tsafe, kuma bangon spandrel ya kasance saman da tarkace da aka yi da “tsararrun duwatsu masu kauri”. <ref name="haer" /> Titin titin gadar ya tsaya kai tsaye a saman bakanta. Wannan ya haifar da "ƙunƙuntaccen bango a kambin baka" da kuma "tushen dutse mai fitowa" a saman wannan bangon spandrel na kowane gefe. <ref name="nrhp">"Bridge in Plunketts Creek Township". [[National Park Service]] (June 22, 1988). ''Note'': this file contains not only the NRHP Nomination Form, but also the May 31, 2002 letter from the [[Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission]] requesting removal of the bridge from the NRHP.</ref> Yawancin gadoji na dutse suna da ɗorewa masu ƙarfi ba tare da ado ba; wannan gada ta dandali crnellation kasance a ado siffa. <ref name="haer" /> Gine-gine da bayyanar da aka yi wa gadar ta zama ta musamman tsakanin gadajen dutse 58 na Pennsylvania wanda aka zaɓe ta don NRHP. <ref name="nrhp" /> Pennsylvania tana da dogon tarihin gadoji na dutse, gami da mafi tsufa irin wannan gada da ake amfani da su a cikin Amurka, gadar 1697 Frankford Avenue akan Pennypack Creek a [[Philadelphia]] . Irin waɗannan gadoji yawanci suna amfani da dutse na gida, tare da nau'ikan ƙarewa iri uku. Rubble ko ginin gine-gine na aji na uku sun yi amfani da duwatsu kamar yadda suka fito daga dutsen; dutse mai murabba'i ko masonry na aji na biyu sun yi amfani da duwatsun da aka yi wa ado da murabba'i; kuma ashlar ko masonry na farko sun yi amfani da duwatsun da aka yi musu ado da kyau kuma a tsanake. Rubble masonry shine mafi sauri kuma mafi arha don gini, kuma yana da mafi girman juriya . Yawancin tsoffin gadoji na dutse a Pennsylvania an gina su ne ta amfani da fasahohin ginin gine-gine. <ref name="haer" /> An fara aikin ginin gadar dutse tare da tono harsashin ginin ginin. Sannan wani tsari na wucin gadi da aka sani da cibiya ko tsakiya zai kasance da katako ko ƙarfe. Wannan tsari ya goyi bayan baka na dutse yayin gini. Da zarar an gina baka na dutse, ana iya ƙara ganuwar spandrel da bangon reshe. Sa'an nan kuma aka gina gadon titin, tare da cika (dutse maras kyau ko datti) don tallafawa shi yadda ake bukata. Gabaɗaya an saita bangon bango da duwatsun baka a bushe don tabbatar da dacewa mai kyau, sannan an saita su a [[turmi]] . Da zarar an gama gadar kuma turmin ya taurare sosai, sai a sauke cibiyar a hankali sannan a cire. A cikin Maris 1996, bayan tsayawa tsakanin shekaru 156 zuwa 121, baka na gada mai lamba 3 ta rushe. == Lura ==   == Duba kuma == * Jerin gadoji da Rubutun Injiniya na Tarihi na Amurka ya rubuta a Pennsylvania * Jerin gadoji akan Rajista na Wuraren Tarihi na Ƙasa a Pennsylvania == Nassoshi == {{Reflist|30em}}  [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] einlprxpsrpzg8hb4tv5ldfe8qv1wva 0 34770 892740 276080 2026-08-08T05:48:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Noah Mbamba-Muanda''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Noah Mbamba''' (An haifeshi 5 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2005). Ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Belgium wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron baya]] ga Club Brugge. == Aikin kulob == A ranar 22 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2021, Mbamba ya fara buga wasansa na farko a bangaren ajiyar Brugge, Club NXT a rukunin B na farko na Belgium da Lierse.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lierse 3–1 Club NXT |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/01/22/belgium/second-division/lierse-kempenzonen/belgium-club-brugge-kv-ii/3323882/ |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar ga manyan 'yan wasan Brugge a rukunin farko na Belgium A ranar 23 ga watan Mayu 2021, lokacin da ya fara wasan da Genk yana da shekara 16. Ya buga wasansa na farko a gasar zakarun Turai a ranar 3 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 2021 da Manchester City yana da shekaru 16<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Soccerway|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/05/23/belgium/pro-league/club-brugge-kv/krc-genk/3496949/|title=Brugge v Genk game report|date=23 May 2021|accessdate=12 October 2021}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An haife shi a Belgium, Mbamba dan asalin Congo ne. Shi matashi ne na duniya daga Belgium.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Taecke|first=Tomas|date=2021-05-24|title=Geslaagd debuut voor 16-jarige Noah Mbamba: “Aan de bal is hij fenomenaal”|url=https://www.hln.be/belgisch-voetbal/geslaagd-debuut-voor-16-jarige-noah-mbamba-aan-de-bal-is-hij-fenomenaal~afe6d087/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-03|website=[[Het Laatste Nieuws]]|language=nl}}</ref> == Kididdigar sana'a == === Kulob === {{Updated|match played 17 July 2021}}<ref name="soccerway">{{Soccerway|687815}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da burin ta kulob, kakar da gasar ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kaka ! colspan="3" | Kungiyar ! colspan="2" | Kofin kasa ! colspan="2" | Nahiyar ! colspan="2" | Sauran ! colspan="2" | Jimlar |- ! Rarraba ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | Club NXT | 2020-21 | Belgium First Division B | 1 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | 1 | 0 |- | Club Brugge | 2021-22 | Belgium First Division A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 {{Efn|Appearance in [[Belgian Super Cup]]}} | 0 | 1 | 0 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimlar sana'a ! 1 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 1 ! 0 ! 2 ! 0 |} {{Notelist}} == Girmamawa == '''Club Brugge''' * Belgium Super Cup : 2021 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Noah Mbamba at WorldFootball.net * [https://www.clubbrugge.be/en/noah-mbamba Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730220111/https://www.clubbrugge.be/en/noah-mbamba |date=2022-07-30 }} at the Club Brugge website {{Club Brugge KV squad}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 2005]] 01e9chw9g98ipk65glkxkbbdzw6ybgu 0 34888 892721 828921 2026-08-08T03:08:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nana Amaniampong Marfo''' (an haife shi 6 Maris 1957) ɗan siyasan [[Ghana]] ne kuma memba na Majalisar 6th na Jamhuriyyar [[Ghana]] ta huɗu. == Ilimi da farkon rayuwa == Marfo ya sami takardar shaidar matakin GCE O daga Makarantar Tetrem da GCE A-level daga Kwalejin St. Augustine, Cape Coast . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps.php?mp=15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020165455/https://www.parliament.gh/mps.php?mp=15 |archive-date=2023-10-20 |access-date=2020-01-26 |website=Parliament Of Ghana}}</ref> Ya sami digiri na BSc a fannin Kudi da Gudanarwa da MBA a fannin Kasuwanci a [[Jami'ar Ghana]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Amaniampong, Nana Marfo |url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5272 |access-date=2020-01-26 |website=Ghana MPs |archive-date=2024-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927053111/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=5272 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Marfo ya fito daga Tetrem-Afigya a [[yankin Ashanti]] na Ghana. <ref name=":1"/> Yana da aure da ’ya’ya biyu. <ref name=":1" /> Shi Kirista ne (Mai Baftisma). <ref name=":1"/> == Siyasa == Marfo dan siyasan [[Ghana]] ne kuma dan majalisar wakilai ta bakwai a jamhuriyar [[Ghana]] ta huɗu mai wakiltar mazaɓar Afigya-Kwabre ta arewa a [[yankin Ashanti]] na Ghana kan tikitin sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013183652/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=15 |archive-date=2023-10-13 |access-date=2019-02-17}}</ref> == zaɓen 2012 == Marfo ya fara tsayawa takara ne a zaɓen kasar Ghana a shekara ta 2012 a kan tikitin sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party na Afughya-Kwabre North a yankin Ashanti na Ghana kuma ya lashe zaben da kuri'u 17,597, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 69.34% na yawan ƙuri'un. Ya lashe zaɓen a kan Alex Yaw-Poku na National Democratic Congress, Daniel Atta Asenso Preprah na PPP, Duah Hubert na Jam'iyyar Convention People's Party, Francis Boadu na NDP da Joyce Oduro ta PNC. Sun samu kuri'u 6,207, kuri'u 1,073, kuri'u 205, kuri'u 175 da kuri'u 120, daidai da kashi 24.46%, 4.23%, 0.81%, 0.69%, da 0.47% bi da bi .<ref>{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=Afigya Kwabre North Constituency Results - Election 2012 |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/ashanti/afigya_kwabre_north/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206112951/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/ashanti/afigya_kwabre_north/ |archive-date=2023-02-06 |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary Results - Afigya Kwabre NorthConstituency |url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/election2012/parliament.constituency.php?ID=104&res=pm |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=mobile ghanaweb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Afigya Kwabre North – Election Data Center – The Ghana Report |url=https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/ashanti-region/afigya-kwabre-north/ |access-date=2023-10-13 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106103239/https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/ashanti-region/afigya-kwabre-north/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == zaɓen 2016 == Marfo ya tsaya takarar ɗan majalisar dokokin Afughya-Kwabre ta Arewa a babban zaɓen Ghana na shekarar 2016 a kan tikitin sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party kuma ya lashe zaben da kuri'u 17,978 da ke wakiltar kashi 71.52% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. Ya lashe zaɓen ne a kan Kwaku Agyekum Asare na National Democratic Congress wanda ya samu ƙuri'u 6,689 daidai da kashi 26.61%, dan takarar majalisar wakilai na jam'iyyar Convention People's Party Frank Opoku ya samu kuri'u 204 da ke wakiltar 0.81%, dan takarar majalisar wakilai na jam'iyyar PPP Francis Boadu ya samu kuri'u 197 mai wakiltar 0.78% na majalisar dokoki, kuma dan takarar jam'iyyar PPP ya samu kuri'u 0.78%. daidai da 0.27% na jimlar kuri'un. <ref>{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=Afigya Kwabre North Constituency Results - Election 2016 |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/ashanti/afigya_kwabre_north/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025095553/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/ashanti/afigya_kwabre_north/ |archive-date=2023-10-25 |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Afigya Kwabre North – Election Data Center – The Ghana Report |url=https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/ashanti-region/afigya-kwabre-north/ |access-date=2023-10-13 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106103239/https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/ashanti-region/afigya-kwabre-north/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin zaɓen fidda gwani na NPP na shekarar 2020, Marfo ya sha kaye a zaɓen a hannun [[Collins Adomako-Mensah|Collins Adomako Mensah]] don wakiltar Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Patriotic a babban zaɓen Ghana na 2020 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-20 |title=#NPPDecides: Full list of winners and losers |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/06/nppdecides-full-list-of-winners-and-losers/ |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> == Aiki == Bayan kammala karatunsa a [[Jami'ar Ghana]] a 1989, Marfo ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin bautar ƙasa a National Mobilisation. Daga shekarar 1991 zuwa 1994 ya kasance Babban Sufeto a [[Ofishin Ilimi na Ghana|Sashen Ilimi na Ghana]] (GES). Shekara daya da barin GES, an nada shi babban manaja a bankin kasuwanci na Ghana yana aiki a matsayin shugaban SME na Arewa Sector. Ya yi wannan aiki daga 1995 zuwa 2012. Daga 2009 zuwa 2012 ya ninka matsayin malami a Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jami'ar. <ref name=":0"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1957]] 4i9nu040yh7msiqprjae53y72e56miw 0 35322 892798 685386 2026-08-08T09:33:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q370522}} '''Osei Tutu II''' (an haife shi '''Nana Barima Kwaku Duah'''; 6 May 1950) shine 16th Asantehene, wanda aka kafa a ranar 26 ga Afrilun shekara ta 1999.<ref name="Kings And Queens of Asante">[http://www.ghanatoghana.com/Ghanahomepage/kings-queens-asante Kingdom of Ashanti Kings And Queens Of Asante.]</ref> Da suna, Otumfuo Osei Tutu II yana cikin matsayi kai tsaye ga wanda ya kafa Daular Ashanti na karni na 17, Otumfuo Osei Tutu I.<ref name="Kings And Queens of Asante" /> Sannan kuma shi ne Shugaban Jami’ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah. Otumfuo Osei Tutu II shine Babban Majiɓinci na Grand Lodge na Ghana kuma Mai ɗaukar Takobi na United Grand Lodge na Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/John-Kufuor-Asantehene-attend-Grand-Freemasons-meeting-in-London-597669|title=John Kufuor, Asantehene attend Grand Freemasons meeting in London|website=ghanaweb.com|date=6 November 2017|language=en|access-date=2019-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106140910/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/John-Kufuor-Asantehene-attend-Grand-Freemasons-meeting-in-London-597669|archive-date=6 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/I-am-a-proud-freemason-Otumfuo-Osei-Tutu-II-605614|title=I am a proud freemason – Otumfuo Osei Tutu II|website=ghanaweb.com|date=December 2017|language=en|access-date=2019-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://classfmonline.com/1.11470505|title=Otumfuo, Kufuor to grace launch of Freemasons book|last=Apinga|first=David|website=classfmonline.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402221419/http://www.classfmonline.com/1.11470505|archive-date=2 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/John-Kufuor-Asantehene-attend-Grand-Freemasons-meeting-in-London-597669|title=John Kufuor, Asantehene attend Grand Freemasons meeting in London|website=ghanaweb.com|date=6 November 2017|language=en|access-date=2019-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106140910/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/John-Kufuor-Asantehene-attend-Grand-Freemasons-meeting-in-London-597669|archive-date=6 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haife shi a ranar 6 ga Mayu 1950 kuma ya sa masa suna Nana Barima Kwaku Duah, ɗa na uku kuma ƙarami cikin yara biyar ('ya'ya maza uku da mata biyu) Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem II, Asantehemaa ([[Sarauniya|Sarauniya-uwar]] Ashanti). Mahaifinsa Nana Kwame Boakye-Dankwa mutumin Kantinkyere ne a Ashanti kuma shi ne Brehyia Duke na Asante. Nana Kwame Boakye-Dankwa ya rasu a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2002, a Kumasi, Ashanti. An ba Otumfuo Osei Tutu sunan kakan mahaifinsa, Ohenenana Kwaku Duah (Nana Agari), Brahyiahene, na Kantinkyiren a gundumar Atwima.<ref name=":0"/> 'Yan uwansa sun hada da Nana Ama Konadu, (Nana Konadu Yiadom III) wanda shine Asanteheemaa na 14, da kuma marigayi Barima Kwabena Poku, Barima Akwasi Prempeh.<ref name=":0"/> A lokacin da yake da kimanin shekara biyar, Otumfuo ya koma gidan sarautar kawunsa, Oheneba Mensah Bonsu, Hiahene, ya kwanta a 1952, a matsayin shiri da wuri don rawar da zai taka a nan gaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-Asantehene-his-wife-and-children-740139|title=Meet Asantehene, his wife and children|website=ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-04-22|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422144741/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-Asantehene-his-wife-and-children-740139|archive-date=2019-04-22}}</ref> Osei Tutu yana da yara shida. Mahaifinsa yana da wasu 'ya'ya daga wasu aure, ciki har da Yaw Boateng, Kwaku Duah, Kwabena Agyei-Bohyen, Afua Sarpong da Ama Agyemang (Kumasi, Ashanti), Fredua Agyeman Prempeh, Nana Kwasi Agyemang Prempeh da Nana Kwasi Boachie Gyambibi (Kumasi, Ashanti). [[File:Otumfuo Osei Tutu II (3).jpg|thumb|Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II.]] Sunan Asantehene Osei Tutu II a lokacin haihuwa, Nana Barima Kwaku Duah, shine sunan kakan sarki Asante. === Ilimi === Ya yi karatun firamare a Kumasi kuma a shekarar 1964, ya wuce makarantar Sakandare ta Sefwi Wiaso inda ya sami ‘O’ Level wanda marigayi Omanhene na Sefwi Wiawso, Nana Kwadwo Aduhene II wanda kani ne ga waliyin Otumfuo. Oheneba Mensah Bonsu, Hiahene.<ref name=":0"/> Ya kuma halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Osei Kyeretwie (OKESS). Ya karanci karatun lissafin kudi a tsohuwar Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙwararru, wadda a yau ake kira Jami'ar Nazarin Ƙwararru a Accra.<ref name=":0" /> Daga nan ya shiga Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Arewacin Landan (yanzu Jami'ar Metropolitan London), inda ya samu Difloma a fannin Gudanarwa da Gudanarwa.<ref name=":0" /> Jami'ar ta ba shi digirin girmamawa a wani biki a Cibiyar Barbican ranar 11 ga Janairu 2006. === Sana'ar kamfanoni masu zaman kansu === Tsakanin 1981 zuwa 1985, ya kasance babban mai ba da shawara a Mutual of Omaha Insurance Company a Toronto, Kanada. Ya koma London a cikin 1985 kuma ya zama Jami'in Ma'aikata a Aikin Garage Bus Garage na HPCC Stonebridge, a cikin gundumar London na Brent. Sannan ya kafa nasa kamfani na kuɗin jinginar gida, Primoda Financial Services Limited, dake kan Kilburn High Road, North West London.<ref name=":0"/> Ya koma kasar sa ta Ghana a shekarar 1989 don fara harkar sufuri, Transpomech International (Ghana) Limited.<ref name=":0" /> == Asantehene (1999-yanzu) == Ana girmama Asantehene sosai a yankin Ashanti na Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asantehene celebrates 21 years on the Golden Stool|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Asantehene-celebrates-21-years-on-the-Golden-Stool-936166|website=ghanaweb.com|date=28 April 2020|language=en|access-date=2020-05-25}}</ref> Osei Tutu ya sha yin tsokaci kan ayyukan 'yan siyasar Ghana.<ref>[http://www.ghananewsagency.org/details/Economics/Asantehene-expresses-frustration-over-Sunshine-CITI-Project-delay/?ci=3&ai=50093#.UHpGhXaf0l8 "Asantehene expresses frustration over Sunshine CITI Project delay"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007002634/http://www.ghananewsagency.org/details/Economics/Asantehene-expresses-frustration-over-Sunshine-CITI-Project-delay/?ci=3&ai=50093#.UHpGhXaf0l8|date=7 October 2012}}.</ref><ref>[http://www.ghananewsagency.org/details/Social/Asantehene-appeals-to-all-to-share-in-the-development-of-education/?ci=4&ai=49700#.UHpHnXaf0l8 "Asantehene appeals to all to share in the development of education"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510200942/http://www.ghananewsagency.org/details/Social/Asantehene-appeals-to-all-to-share-in-the-development-of-education/?ci=4&ai=49700#.UHpHnXaf0l8|date=10 May 2013}}.</ref><ref>[http://www.gbcghana.com/index.php?id=1.1090218 "Asantehene Urges President Mahama & Vice Amissah-Arthur To Remain Focused In Their Work"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821205432/http://www.gbcghana.com/index.php?id=1.1090218|date=21 August 2016}}.</ref><ref>[http://edition.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/201210/95058.php "Vice-President Amissah-Arthur pays courtesy call on Asantehene"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007203943/http://edition.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/201210/95058.php|date=7 October 2012}}.</ref><ref>[http://www.ghananewsagency.org/details/Social/Asantehene-urges-teachers-to-continue-working-hard/?ci=4&ai=51174#.UIitDHaf0l8 "Asantehene urges teachers to continue working hard"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510212206/http://www.ghananewsagency.org/details/Social/Asantehene-urges-teachers-to-continue-working-hard/?ci=4&ai=51174#.UIitDHaf0l8|date=10 May 2013}}.</ref> Ya samu kulawar kafafen yada labarai na duniya bayan da aka yi zargin an sace wasu kayan kambi na Ashanti a wani otel na Oslo a watan Oktoban 2012 lokacin da yake halartar wani taro a babban birnin Norway.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19919062|title=Ghana's Ashanti crown jewels stolen in Norway hotel|publisher=BBC News|date=12 October 2012|access-date=11 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213133308/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19919062|archive-date=13 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://pmnewsnigeria.com/2012/10/13/asantehenes-jewel-norway-police-release-cctv-footage-of-suspects/ "Asantehene's jewel: Norway police release CCTV footage of suspects"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018090747/http://pmnewsnigeria.com/2012/10/13/asantehenes-jewel-norway-police-release-cctv-footage-of-suspects/|date=18 October 2012}}.</ref><ref>[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Two-items-in-Otumfuo-s-jewel-case-retrieved-253769 "Two items in Asantehene's jewel case retrieved"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914081020/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Two-items-in-Otumfuo-s-jewel-case-retrieved-253769|date=14 September 2016}}, GhanaWeb, 20 October 2012.</ref> A watan Agusta 2019, ya yi bikin Akwasidae tare da al'ummar Ghana a Burtaniya yayin da ya kai wata gajeriyar ziyara a can. Manyan baki da suka halarci taron sun hada da Paapa Owusu Ankomah, babban kwamishinan Ghana a kasar Birtaniya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Asantehene-marks-Akwasidae-in-London-776205|title=Asantehene marks Akwasidae in London|website=ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-30|archive-date=2019-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830141413/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Asantehene-marks-Akwasidae-in-London-776205|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin Fabrairu 2020, ya zama mutum na farko da ya karɓi 'Pillar of Peace Award'. Hakan ya biyo bayan kokarin da ya yi na maido da zaman lafiya a Masarautar Dagbon da ta shafe kusan shekaru ashirin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/otumfuo-grabs-peace-award/|title=Otumfuo Grabs Peace Award|date=2020-01-08|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-19}}</ref> Ya kuma samu lambar yabo ta musamman na shugaban CIMG na 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-14|title=List of winners at CIMG Awards 2019|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/business/economy/list-of-winners-at-cimg-awards-2019/|access-date=2020-11-16|website=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Mazauni === Asantehene Otumfuo Osei Tutu II na Daular Asante yana zaune a fadar Manhyia da ke Kumasi, babban birnin yankin Ashanti da kuma daular Asante.<ref>[http://www.ghananewsagency.org/s_social/r_22187/ "Asantehene Calls for More Education on Forest Plantation"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305080645/http://www.ghananewsagency.org/s_social/r_22187/|date=5 March 2012}}.</ref> === Gudunmawar da za ta maido da zaman lafiya a Masarautar Dagbon === Shugaba [[John Kufuor|John Agyekum Kufuor]] ya kafa kwamitin manyan sarakuna, karkashin jagorancin Osei Tutu II, don shiga cikin rikicin masarautar Dagbon na 2002. Ayyukan kwamitin sun hada da gudanar da tattaunawa da sasantawa tsakanin iyalan masarautar Andani da Abudu, da kuma zana taswirar zaman lafiya a masarautar Dagbon. Kwamitin ya gabatar da shawarwarin su ga gwamnatin Ghana a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Roadmap-for-Dagbon-peace-presented-to-government-702690|title=Roadmap for Dagbon peace presented to government|website=ghanaweb.com|date=21 November 2018|language=en|access-date=2019-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121224257/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Roadmap-for-Dagbon-peace-presented-to-government-702690|archive-date=21 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Gwamnati ta aiwatar da shawarwarin da suka hada da gudanar da jana'izar Mahamadu IV da Yakubu II daga 14 ga Disamba 2018 zuwa 18 ga Janairu 2019. Daga nan sai aka bi diddigin Bukali II a matsayin babban mai mulki na Masarautar Dagbon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2019/01/18/savelugu-naa-abubakari-mahama-chosen-as-new-yaa-naa/|title=Savelugu Naa; Abubakari Mahama chosen as new Yaa-Naa|date=2019-01-18|website=Citi Newsroom|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421021107/https://citinewsroom.com/2019/01/18/savelugu-naa-abubakari-mahama-chosen-as-new-yaa-naa/|archive-date=21 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Disambar 2019, Bukali II ya kai ziyarar ban girma ga Otumfuo Osei Tutu a fadar Manhyia, domin nuna jin dadinsa kan rawar da Sarkin Asante ya taka wajen samar da zaman lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/yaa-naa-calls-on-asantehene.html|title=Yaa-Naa calls on Asantehene|date=2019-12-12|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-12-12}}</ref> === Bikin cika shekara 20 === An yi bikin cika shekaru 20 na Osei Tutu II a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 2019, a Dwabirem na Fadar Manhyia. Wannan ya kasance a babban durbar na Akwasidae Kaise. Manyan mutane kamar [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo]] da Michael Ashwin Satyandre Adhin mataimakin shugaban Suriname da Torgbui Sri, Awomefia na jihar Anlo ne suka halarci taron.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-let-s-not-allow-political-differences-to-undermine-bond-between-us-asantehene.html|website=graphic.com.gh|access-date=2019-04-22|title=Let's not allow political differences to undermine bond between us – Asantehene|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421220513/https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-let-s-not-allow-political-differences-to-undermine-bond-between-us-asantehene.html|archive-date=21 April 2019|url-status=live|date=21 April 2019}}</ref> Sauran manyan baki sun hada da jami'an diflomasiyya da na sarauta daga Namibia, Kuwait, Jamus, China, Morocco, Latvia, Botswana da Palestine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/April-21st/in-pictures-climax-of-otumfuo20-anniversary.php|title=In Pictures: Climax of majestic Otumfuo@20 anniversary|website=myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-06-08|archive-date=2019-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608124856/http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/April-21st/in-pictures-climax-of-otumfuo20-anniversary.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2019, an gudanar da bikin yankan sod don kaddamar da ginin dakunan kwanan dalibai a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah. Washegari aka yanke sod ɗin don wasu ayyuka kamar GUSS Sports Complex, Park Soccer Park da Park Car Park.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/April-28th/asantehene-cuts-sod-knust-hostels-other-projects.php|title=Asantehene cuts sod for KNUST hostels, other projects|website=myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429023841/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/April-28th/asantehene-cuts-sod-knust-hostels-other-projects.php|archive-date=29 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> === Rushewar manyan sarakuna === A watan Yunin 2019, Osei Tutu II ya tsige hakimai biyu bisa laifuka daban-daban a kan kujera. An tsige Akyamfou Kwame Akowuah daga kan karagar mulki saboda keta babbar rantsuwar Asanteman. An kuma kori Nana Ahenkro Sei Ababio III saboda watsi da umarni game da sarauta da rikicin filaye.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/June-25th/asantehene-destools-second-chief-in-a-week.php|title=Asantehene destools second chief in a week|website=myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-07-13|archive-date=2019-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713183445/http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/June-25th/asantehene-destools-second-chief-in-a-week.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin Afrilu 2018, Asantehene ya lalatar da Atwimahene, Nana Antwi Agyei Brempong II. An same shi da laifin yin amfani da Babban Rantsuwa ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba, da yin watsi da dokokin da sarki ya bayar game da gudanar da filaye da wasu munanan ayyuka da dama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/otumfuo-destools-chief/|title=Otumfuo Destools Chief|date=2018-04-19|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-13}}</ref> Daga baya aka yi masa afuwa tare da mayar da shi bakin aiki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thechronicle.com.gh/index.php/2018/07/11/otumfuo-pardons-atwimahene/|title=Otumfuo pardons Atwimahene – The Chronicle|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-04|archive-date=2019-09-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904063146/http://thechronicle.com.gh/index.php/2018/07/11/otumfuo-pardons-atwimahene/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekara ta 2009, Nana Kofi Agyei Bi III, an tsige shugaban Atwimah bisa laifin sayar da filaye na yaudara.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Nana-Kyere|first1=Sacrifice|last2=Agyei Boateng|first2=Francis|last3=Kofi Hoggar|first3=Glory|last4=Jonathan|first4=Paddy|date=2018-02-26|title=A Dynamic Allocation Scheme for Resource Blocks Using ARQ Status Reports in LTE Networks|journal=Advances in Computer Sciences|volume=1|issue=1|doi=10.31021/acs.20181105|issn=2517-5718|doi-access=free}}</ref> A shekarar 2015, an tsige shugaban Nana Mensah Bonsu na Pakyi Number One saboda ingiza matasa su yi barna a yankin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/619122/otumfuo-destools-pakyi-chief.html|title=Otumfuo Destools Pakyi Chief|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-07-13}}</ref> A cikin 2002 Osei Tutu ya tsige Ohenenana Kwaku Duah, shugaban Bonwire, saboda rashin biyayya da rashin kula da kwastam wajen nadawa da sauke manyan hafsoshinsa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/26771/asantehene-destools-his-sub-chief.html|title=Asantehene Destools His Sub Chief|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-08-30}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2020, an gayyaci Bantamahene a gaban sarki bisa zargin yin amfani da filaye da karkatar da kogin Subin ba tare da izini ba. An yi masa afuwa ne bayan da wasu daga cikin hakiman sashe suka nemi a yi masa afuwa. An umarce shi da ya dawo da duk wani mataki da aka dauka na keta haddin kasa da karkatar da koguna da kuma ci tarar shi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asantehene chastises Bantamahene Baffour Owusu Amankwatia VI over land issues|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/asantehene-chastises-bantamahene-baffour-owusu-amankwatia-vi.html|access-date=2020-08-25|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> === Alƙawarin kare muhalli da kiyayewa === [[File:Otumfuo Osei Tutu II.jpg|thumb|Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II]] A watan Yulin 2019, Otumfuo Osei Tutu II ya ba da sanarwar sadaukarwarsa don kare rafukan ruwa na Masarautar Asante. Wannan zai kunshi dasa itatuwa miliyan 2.5 a kusa da tafkin Bosomtwe kuma zai kai kadada 400. Wannan zai taimaka wajen inganta yanayin muhalli, kwantar da sauyin yanayi da haɓaka wayar da kan muhalli tsakanin al'ummomin da ke kewayen tafkin. Shirin dashen bishiyar hadin gwiwa ne tsakanin Gidauniyar Oheneba Poku da Fadar Manhyia. Hukumar kula da gandun daji, Hukumar Kare Muhalli (EPA), Hukumar Kula da Albarkatun Ruwa, Hukumar Kula da Yawon shakatawa ta Ghana, UNESCO, Majalisun gundumomi na Bosome-Freho da Bosumtwe, da kuma Lake Bosomtwe Community Management Areas (CREMA), wanda kungiya ce mai zaman kanta. su ne sauran masu ruwa da tsaki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/asantehene-to-plant-2-5-million-trees-around-lake-bosomtwe.html|website=graphic.com.gh|access-date=2019-07-22|title=Asantehene to plant 2.5 million trees around Lake Bosomtwe|date=18 July 2019}}</ref> === Wasan Lottery na Otumfuo === Kungiyar Asantehene ta hada karfi da karfe da hukumar kula da irin caca ta kasa (NLA) kuma tana shirin kaddamar da wasan Otumfuo Lottery. Wannan shiri ne na tara kudade don tallafawa gidauniyar agaji ta Otumfuo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.todaygh.com/otumfuo-lottery-game-hit-ksi-raise-funds-develop-asanteman/|title=Otumfuo Lottery Game to hit K'si *To raise funds to develop Asanteman|date=2019-05-06|newspaper=Today|location=Singapore|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-05}}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A watan Mayun 2019, kwamitin aiki wanda ya kunshi mambobin Hukumar Kula da Lottery ta Kasa (NLA), Hukumar Kasuwancin Jiha (SEC) da kuma kungiyar gudanarwar jihar Asante, sun gabatar da rahoto ga Sarkin domin amincewa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thechronicle.com.gh/index.php/2019/06/03/otumfuo-lottery-game-report-presented-to-asantehene/|title=Otumfuo Lottery Game Report presented to Asantehene – The Chronicle|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-05|archive-date=2019-09-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904232747/http://thechronicle.com.gh/index.php/2019/06/03/otumfuo-lottery-game-report-presented-to-asantehene/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kungiyar masu gudanar da ayyukan Lotto masu zaman kansu a Ghana sun bayyana shirinsu na rungumar wasan domin cimma burinsa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Lotto-receivers-pledge-support-for-Otumfuo-Lottery-Game-753543|title=Lotto receivers pledge support for Otumfuo Lottery Game|website=ghanaweb.com|date=10 June 2019|language=en|access-date=2019-10-05}}</ref> == Otumfuo Osei Tutu II Foundation (OOTIIF) == An kaddamar da gidauniyar agaji ta Otumfuo Osei Tutu II a hukumance a watan Afrilun 2009. An kafa ta ne domin baiwa sarki damar yiwa jama’arsa hidima a bangarorin biyu da ya fi mayar da hankali a kai: ilimi da lafiya. Dangane da haka, an kafa "Asusun Ilimi na Otumfuo" a shekarar 1999 don inganta ilimi ga 'yan Ghana da gidauniyar Serwah Ampem AIDS ga yaran da ke dauke da cutar kanjamau ko kuma abin ya shafa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asantehene sets up charity foundation|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/211354/asantehene-sets-up-charity-foundation.html|access-date=2021-02-05|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Otumfoↄ Osei Tutu II Charity Foundation, Kumasi (2021)|url=http://www.findglocal.com/GH/Kumasi/374308706453318/Otumfo%E2%86%84-Osei-Tutu-II-Charity-Foundation|access-date=2021-02-08|website=www.findglocal.com}}</ref> Asusun Ilimi ya sami zuwa Afrilu 2019, yana tallafawa ɗalibai 301,980 tare da tallafin karatu da sauran nau'ikan tallafi. Wannan lambar ta ƙunshi ɗalibai 25,756  waɗanda suka sami cikakken tallafin karatu da wasu 276,224 waɗanda suka sami nau'i ɗaya na tallafin kuɗi ko ɗayan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=301,980 students benefit from Otumfuo Education Fund|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-301-980-students-benefit-from-otumfuo-education-fund.html|access-date=2021-02-08|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Ya zuwa Oktoba 2019, sama da malamai 600 ne aka amince da su a cikin shirin bayar da kyaututtukan malamai na gidauniyar. Hakan ya kasance don nuna godiya ga malaman da ke aiki a yankunan da ke fama da talauci kuma ba su da wutar lantarki, tarho, ruwan sha da sauran abubuwan more rayuwa. Malamai da yawa sun ki yarda a tura su wadannan yankuna saboda halin kuncin rayuwa. Kyautar tana cikin nau'ikan kuɗi, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, firiji da kuma tallafin karatu har zuwa karatun digiri na uku.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Anim|first=Kwadwo|date=2019-10-24|title=Otumfuo to award 100 teachers across the country on 27th Nov.|url=https://kasapafmonline.com/2019/10/otumfuo-to-award-100-teachers-across-the-country-on-27th-nov/|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Kasapa102.5FM|language=en-US|archive-date=2019-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106204158/https://kasapafmonline.com/2019/10/otumfuo-to-award-100-teachers-across-the-country-on-27th-nov/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin Oktoba 2017, Global Communities sun haɗa kai da Gidauniyar don fara aikin Haɓaka Harkokin Kasuwancin Matasa don Aiki (YIEDIE). An dauki wannan shiri na tsawon shekaru biyar da nufin samar da damammaki a harkar gine-gine, domin amfanar matasa masu fama da matsalar tattalin arziki. Global Communities, ƙungiya mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta tare da isa ga duniya, tana aiki tare da al'ummomi don ƙirƙirar canje-canje masu dorewa waɗanda ke inganta rayuwa da rayuwar marasa galihu. Aiwatar da wannan aikin ya kasance tare da Gidauniyar Mastercard. Aikin yana aiki a manyan biranen Ghana biyar: Accra, Kumasi, Sekondi-Takoradi, Ashaiman, da Tema kuma zai samar da damammaki ga matasa akalla 23,700, masu shekaru 17-24, wadanda ke samun kasa da dala $2 a kowace rana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=YIEDIE Launched in Kumasi – Global Communities Ghana|url=https://www.globalcommunitiesgh.org/index.php/in-the-news/featured-news/63-yiedie-launched-in-kumasi|access-date=2021-02-08|website=globalcommunitiesgh.org|archive-date=2021-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215022507/https://www.globalcommunitiesgh.org/index.php/in-the-news/featured-news/63-yiedie-launched-in-kumasi|url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba 2017, an ba yara 4,946 daga gundumomi takwas a yankunan Ashanti, Ahafo, Bono da Bono Gabas (Sekyere North, Bekwai Municipality, Atwima Mponua, Bibaini-Anwhiaso-Bekwai, Bosomtwe, Offinso Municipality, New Edubaise da gundumar Goaso) kyauta horon kwamfuta. An yi hakan ne ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Otumfuo-Agroecom Mobile Library Project (OAMLP), wanda wani reshe ne na Otumfuo Charity Foundation, da Agroecom Ghana Ltd, kamfanin siyan koko. Wannan shiri dai ya yi daidai da manufarsa na cike gibin da ake samu a yanayin koyo tsakanin al'ummomin birane da marasa galihu da sanya karatu da amfani da ICT ga dalibai a matakin farko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=OTUMFUO and AGROECOM TRAINS 4,946 SCHOOL CHILDREN IN ICT – GUBA Awards|url=http://gubausa.com/2017/11/otumfuo-and-agroecom-trains-4946-school-children-in-ict/|access-date=2021-02-08|language=en|archive-date=2021-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214135720/http://gubausa.com/2017/11/otumfuo-and-agroecom-trains-4946-school-children-in-ict/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, Gidauniyar da Gidauniyar Masu Ilimin Matasa wadanda su ne masu shirya gasar <nowiki>''</nowiki>Spelling Bee<nowiki>''</nowiki> suka shiga yarjejeniya. Wannan an yi niyya ne don samar da shirye-shiryen adabi na Gidauniyar Masu Ilmantarwa ga al'ummomin da ba su da gata da kuma makarantun gwamnati a yankin Ashanti. Hakan zai baiwa dalibai 100 damar cin gajiyar shirin a duk shekara.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-20|title=Otumfuo Charity Foundation pledges support for Spelling Bee competition|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2019/01/otumfuo-charity-foundation-pledges-support-for-spelling-bee-competition/|access-date=2021-02-08|website=Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin Mayu 2020, ƙananan ɗaliban makarantar sakandare a Kumasi sun karɓi littattafai da ƙamus sama da 2000. Wasu daga cikin al'ummomin da suka ci gajiyar wannan karimcin sun hada da Bohyen, Aduato, Adumanu, Ampabame da South Suntreso. An yi hakan ne don sanya ɗalibai su kasance masu ƙwazo yayin da aka rufe makarantu don shawo kan yaduwar COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-19|title=Covid-19 Otumfuo foundation donates story books to keep JHS students active at home|url=http://dailyheritage.com.gh/?p=28495|access-date=2021-02-08|website=Daily Heritage|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A watan Yuni na 2020, Gidauniyar ta ba da gudummawar littattafai ga kusan ɗaliban Makarantar Sakandare 750 daga manyan makarantu 11 a yankin Ahafo na Ghana. Hakan ya kasance domin saukaka kyakyawan aikin da daliban ke yi, musamman a jarrabawar kammala karatun boko (BECE).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-04|title=Otumfuo Charity Foundation supports education in Ahafo Region|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Otumfuo-Charity-Foundation-supports-education-in-Ahafo-Region-971296|access-date=2021-02-06|website=ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref> A cikin Yuli 2020, AngloGold Ashanti ya haɗu tare da Otumfuo Osei Tutu II Charity Foundation da Obuasi Municipal and East Educational Directorates don ƙaddamar da Shirin Koyon Radiyo kai tsaye da Nisa a Obuasi. Wannan ya kasance don tabbatar da ci gaba a cikin koyo, kodayake an rufe makarantu don sarrafa COVID-19. Gidauniyar ta sami tallafi daga ma'adinan da adadin Ghana Cedis (GH₵) 150,000 don siye da rarraba kwafin 10,000 na Masu Karatu da Littattafan Aiki ga Daliban Makarantar Sakandare a yankin.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-25|title=AGAG and Otumfuo Charity Foundation Launches Live Radio and Distance Learning Programme in Obuasi.|url=https://obuasitoday.com/agag-and-otumfuo-charity-foundation-launches-live-radio-and-distance-learning-programme-in-obuasi/|access-date=2021-02-08|website=Obuasitoday.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Atoklo|first=Dziedzom|date=2020-07-24|title=COVID-19 School Shutdown: AngloGold partners Otumfuo Foundation and GES to rollout virtual learning|url=https://thebftonline.com/24/07/2020/covid-19-school-shutdown-anglogold-partners-otumfuo-foundation-and-ges-to-rollout-virtual-learning/|access-date=2021-02-08|website=The Business & Financial Times|language=en-GB|archive-date=2020-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214040207/https://thebftonline.com/24/07/2020/covid-19-school-shutdown-anglogold-partners-otumfuo-foundation-and-ges-to-rollout-virtual-learning/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Ashanti King Otumfour Osei Tutu II.jpg|thumb|Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II]] A cikin Maris 2021, an canza sunan gidauniyar zuwa Otumfuo Osei Tutu II Foundation (OOTIIF). Wannan dai na zuwa ne a sakamakon hadewar Asusun Ilimi na Otumfuo da gidauniyar Serwaa Ampem Foundation for Children da Otumfuo Osei Tutu II Charity Foundation da aka hade su zuwa wata kungiya mai zaman kanta tare da sabon kwamitin amintattu da gudanarwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asantehene's charity foundations merge to become Otumfuo Osei Tutu II Foundation|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/asantehene-s-charity-foundations-merge-to-become-otumfuo-osei-tutu-ii-foundation.html|access-date=2021-03-22|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Sabuwar hukumar ta kunshi Nana Prof. Oheneba Boachie-Adjei Woahene II a matsayin shugaba da Sir Samuel Esson Jonah, Dr. Kwaku Mensa-Bonsu, Mrs. Margaret Boateng Sekyere, Dr. Kwame Bawuah-Edusei, Rev. Akua Ofori-Boateng, Mr. Andrew Asamoah, Nana Akuoku Boateng da Mrs. Mariam Agyeman Gyasi Jawhary.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sam Jonah, others form new board of Otumfuo Osei Tutu II Foundation – MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/sam-jonah-others-form-new-board-of-otumfuo-osei-tutu-ii-foundation/|access-date=2021-12-18|website=myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] c8jgc3kpe19inw1m0ksd20tyj2ctury 0 38692 892795 727658 2026-08-08T09:11:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Osei Kyei Mensah Bonsu''' (wanda aka fi sani da Lawrence Addae<ref>{{cite web|url=https://peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/202202/460083.php/|title=Why I No Longer Use the Name 'Lawrence Addae' – Majority Leader Osei Kyei Explains|access-date=2022-11-13|archive-date=2024-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925100310/https://peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/202202/460083.php/|url-status=dead}}</ref> kuma an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 1957)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghanadistricts.com/mps/?&mpd=38|title=Ghana Districts - A repository of all districts in the republic of Ghana|access-date=2012-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423215830/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/mps/?&mpd=38|archive-date=2012-04-23|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Rodgers|first=Ferdie|date=2020-04-16|title=Top facts about Osei Kyei Mensah Bonsu and his political journey|url=https://yen.com.gh/153603-osei-kyei-mensah-bonsu-bio-wife-religion-education-net-worth.html|access-date=2022-06-15|website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en}}</ref> ɗan Ghana ne mai tsara birane kuma ɗan siyasa. A halin yanzu shi ne shugaban masu rinjaye a majalisar dokokin Ghana sannan kuma shi ne minista mai nadin harkokin majalisar a Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=We're ready to debate Minority on their call for rejection of C.I 126 - Majority Leader|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/05/were-ready-to-debate-minority-on-their-call-for-rejection-of-c-i-126-majority-leader/|date=2020-05-23|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana, Current Affairs, Business News , Headlines, Ghana Sports, Entertainment, Politics, Articles, Opinions, Viral Content|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Nartey|first=Laud|date=2022-01-24|title=E-levy: Concerns on proposed rate must be addressed - Afenyo-Markin|url=https://3news.com/e-levy-concerns-on-proposed-rate-must-be-addressed-afenyo-markin/|access-date=2022-01-24|website=3NEWS|archive-date=2022-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124125554/https://3news.com/e-levy-concerns-on-proposed-rate-must-be-addressed-afenyo-markin/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Osei a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 1957. Ya fito ne daga Bremang-Afrancho, wani gari a Kumasi, yankin Ashanti.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Kyei-Mensah-Bonsu, Osei|url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5277|access-date=2020-07-08|website=www.ghanamps.com|archive-date=2020-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708133958/http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5277|url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekarar 1982, ya sauke karatu a Jami’ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah inda ya yi digirin farko na Kimiyya a Tsare-tsaren Birane.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=272|access-date=2020-07-08|website=www.parliament.gh|archive-date=2023-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106115246/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=272|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == Osei memba ne na New Patriotic Party. Ya fara zama dan majalisa ne a watan Janairun 1997. Ya ci gaba da rike kujerarsa tun daga lokacin, inda ya wakilci mazabarsa a majalisar wakilai ta 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 da 7 na jamhuriya ta hudu ta Ghana.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Shi ne shugaban kwamitin kasafin kudi na musamman, House, da kwamitocin kasuwanci. Shi ma memba ne a Ma'aikatar Kudi, Ma'adinai da Makamashi, Dokokin Tsaya, da Kwamitocin Zabe.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=E-Levy Won't Solve All Our Problems - Charles Owusu|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/202201/459289.php|access-date=2022-01-24|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news|archive-date=2022-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113135431/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/202201/459289.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Zabe == === Zaben 'Yan Majalisu 1996 === An fara zaben Osei a matsayin dan majalisa a [[Lokacin Yammacin Afirka|lokacin]] [[Babban Zaɓen Nijar na 2020|babban]] zaben Ghana na 1996 kan tikitin sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party mai wakiltar mazabar Suame a yankin Ashanti na [[Ghana]]. Ya samu kuri'u 47,455 daga cikin 64,394 masu inganci da aka kada wanda ke [[wakiltar]] kashi 57.40% inda Paul Yeboah dan jam'iyyar NDC ya samu kuri'u 10,828, Azong Alhassan dan jam'iyyar PNC ya samu kuri'u 3,219 da Habiba Atta 'yar CPP wacce ta samu kuri'u 2,892.<ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 1996 Results - Old Tafo / Suame Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/ashanti/234/index.php|access-date=2020-10-04|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=2022-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017061554/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/ashanti/234/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Zaben 'Yan Majalisu 2004 === An zabi Osei a [[Matsayin dan majalisa|matsayin]] dan majalisa na [[Mazabar Boe|mazabar]] Suame na yankin Ashanti na Ghana a babban zaben Ghana na 2004. Ya yi nasara akan tikitin sabuwar jam'iyyar kishin kasa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2004 Results - Suame Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/ashanti/38/index.php|access-date=2020-08-05|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=Ghana Elections 2008|publisher=Friedrich Ebert Stiftung|year=2010|location=Ghana|pages=129}}</ref> Mazabarsa wani [[Bangaren|bangare]] ne na kujeru 36 na 'yan majalisa daga cikin kujeru 39 da sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party ta lashe a wancan zaben na yankin Ashanti.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-08-10|title=Statistics of Presidential and Parliamentary Election Results|url=https://www.fact-checkghana.com/statistics-presidential-parliamentary-election-results/|access-date=2020-08-05|website=Fact Check Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Black Panther|Sabuwar]] jam'iyyar kishin kasa ta samu rinjayen kujeru 128 na 'yan majalisa daga cikin kujeru 230.<ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2008|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/index.php|access-date=2020-08-05|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An zabe shi da kuri'u 48,500 daga cikin 59,039 da aka jefa. Wannan yayi daidai da kashi 82.1% na jimlar ingantattun ƙuri'un da aka jefa. An zabe shi a kan Agonno Sampson Young na Babban Taron Jama'a, Paul Richard Kofi Yeboah na National Democratic Congress da Frederick Antwi na Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Convention. Wadannan sun samu kuri'u 934, 8,448 da 1,157 bi da bi na yawan kuri'un da aka kada. Waɗannan sun yi daidai da 1.6%, 14.3% da 2% bi da bi na jimlar ingantattun ƙuri'un da aka jefa.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2004 Results - Suame Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/ashanti/38/index.php|access-date=2020-08-05|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite book|title=Ghana Elections 2008|publisher=Friedrich Ebert Stiftung|year=2010|location=Ghana|pages=129}}</ref> === Zaben 'Yan Majalisu 2008 === A shekara ta 2008, ya ci zaben gama gari a kan tikitin sabuwar jam’iyyar Patriotic Party na wannan mazaba.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2008 Results - Suame Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/ashanti/38/index.php|access-date=2020-08-05|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=2022-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120153239/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/ashanti/38/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2008 Results - Suame Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/ashanti/38/index.php|access-date=2020-08-05|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=2022-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120153239/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/ashanti/38/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mazabarsa tana cikin kujeru 34 na 'yan majalisa daga cikin kujeru 39 da sabuwar [[jam'iyyar]] Patriotic Party ta lashe a wancan zaben na yankin Ashanti.<ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2008 Results - Ashanti Region|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/ashanti/index.php|access-date=2020-08-05|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=2023-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807211816/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/ashanti/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sabuwar jam'iyyar kishin kasa ta samu 'yan tsiraru na kujeru 109 na 'yan majalisa daga cikin kujeru 230.<ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2008|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/index.php|access-date=2020-08-05|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An zabe shi da kuri'u 45,235 daga cikin 57,765 da aka kada. Wannan yayi daidai da kashi 78.31% na jimlar ingantattun ƙuri'un da aka jefa. An zabe shi a kan David Osei Manu na National Democratic Congress, Ameyaw Aboagye Peter na Democratic People's Party da Frederick Antwi-Nsiah na Jam'iyyar Convention People's Party. Wadannan sun samu kuri'u 9,742, 2,409 da 379 bi da bi na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada. Waɗannan sun yi daidai da 37.59%, 5.43% da 1.28% bi da bi na jimlar ƙuri'un da aka jefa.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2008 Results - Suame Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/ashanti/38/index.php|access-date=2020-08-05|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=2022-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120153239/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/ashanti/38/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2008 Results - Suame Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/ashanti/38/index.php|access-date=2020-08-05|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=2022-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120153239/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/ashanti/38/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Zaben 'Yan Majalisu 2012 === A shekarar 2012, ya ci zaben gama-gari a kan tikitin sabuwar jam’iyyar Patriotic Party na wannan mazaba. An zabe shi da kuri'u 60,829 daga cikin 76,852 da aka kada. Wannan yayi daidai da kashi 79.15% na jimlar ingantattun ƙuri'un da aka jefa. An zabe shi a kan Alidu Baba [[Dambasea]] na National Democratic Congress, Solomon Nkrumah Appia Kubi na jam'iyyar Progressive People's Party, Adam Mohammed na People's National Convention, Frederick Antwi-Nsiah na Convention People's Party, Mavis Afriyie na Democratic People's Party, Abena. Nyarko na National Democratic Party, Osei-Bempah Hayford da Paul Richard Kofi Yeboah duk 'yan takara masu zaman kansu. Wadannan sun samu kuri'u 10,589, 434, 376, 220, 71, 194, 3,752 da 387 bi da bi na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada. Wadannan sun yi daidai da 13.78%, 0.56%, 0.49%, 0.29%, 0.09%, 0.25%, 4.88% and 0.50% bi da bi na yawan kuri'un da aka kada. Yayin da jam'iyyarsa ke adawa ya rike mukamin shugaban marasa rinjaye a majalisar dokokin Ghana daga 2013 zuwa 2017.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2012 Results - Suame Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/ashanti/38/index.php|access-date=2020-08-05|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=Elections 2012|publisher=Friedrich Ebert Stiftung|year=2012|location=Ghana|pages=133}}</ref> === Zaben 'Yan Majalisu 2020 === Ya sake tsayawa takara a babban zaben Ghana na 2020 a matsayin dan takarar majalisar dokoki na Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Patriotic Party. Hon. Osei Kyei Mensah Bonsu ya fafata da wasu hudu da suka hada da Dodoovi Francis na jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress, jam'iyyar Convention People's Party Sulemana Mohammed, All People Congress, Mohammed Mubarak da kuma dan takara mai zaman kansa. A karshen zaben, dan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar Suame Hon. Osei Kyei Mensah Bonsu ya sake lashe kujerar New Patriotic Party NPP da kuri'u 67,095 da ke wakiltar kashi 76.1%, dan takarar jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress NDC Dodoovi Francis ya samu kuri'u 9,312 da ke wakiltar kashi 10.6% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada. Yayin da jam'iyyar Convention People's Party Sulemana Mohammed ke gudanar da zaben da kuri'u 299 wanda ke nufin ya samu kashi 0.3% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada. All People Congress kuma na da kuri'u 213 wanda ya zama kashi 0.2% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada. A karshe dan takara mai zaman kansa George Prempeh shi ma ya zo na biyu da kuri'u 11,217 wanda ya samu kashi 12.7% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/ashanti/suame/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-11-25 |archive-date=2024-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619063958/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/ashanti/suame/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Zaɓen Ƙungiyoyin Majalisun Ƙasa na Commonwealth (CPA). == Osei Kyei-Mensah-Bonsu, kwamitin zartarwa na kungiyar majalissar dokokin Commonwealth (CPA) ne ya zabe shi a matsayin sabon mataimakin shugaban riko. Osei Kyei-Mensah-Bonsu ya samu babban mukami ne bayan da ya samu nasara a zaben da ya sa ya doke Garry Brownlee na New Zealand, dan takararsa daya tilo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-08|title=Osei Kyei Mensah Bonsu elected Ag. Vice-Chair of Commonwealth Parliamentary Association|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/08/osei-kyei-mensah-bonsu-elected-ag-vice-chair-of-commonwealth-parliamentary-association/|access-date=2022-11-25|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kyei-Mensah-Bonsu elected as acting Vice-Chairman of Commonwealth Parliamentary Association|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/kyei-mensah-bonsu-elected-as-acting-vice-chairman-of-commonwealth-parliamentary-association.html|website=Graphic Online|access-date=2022-11-25|language=en-gb}}</ref> == Haƙƙin sanya suna == Kafin kammala ginin Ayuba 600 na majalisar, Mensah Bonsu ya ba da shawarar canza sunan babban ginin Ayuba 600. Ya ba da shawarar a sanya wa ginin sunan mai shari’a D. F. Annan na farko a majalisar dokokin Ghana ta hudu domin girmama irin gudunmawar da ya bayar wajen ci gaban harkokin majalisar dokoki da dimokradiyya a Ghana. Ya kuma ba da shawarar cewa daya daga cikin sabbin tubalan guda biyu da aka gina a bayan babban Ayuba 600 a sawa sunan Peter Ala Adjetey, wanda ya gaji Justice Annan. Mambobin jam'iyyar Convention People's Party ne suka jagoranci adawa da waɗannan batutuwan suna, waɗanda suka yi imanin canza sunan Ayuba 600 zai shafe gudunmawar Kwame Nkrumah daga tarihin Ghana.<ref name="CHANGE">{{cite web|title=Name 'Job 600' building after Justice Annan|url=http://www.ghananewslink.com/indexxxxxx.php?id=10911|publisher=www.ghananewslink.com|access-date=5 April 2012}}{{dead link|date=March 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref name="RENAME">{{cite web|title=Name Job 600 after Justice Annan -- Minority leader|url=http://www.ghanamps.gov.gh/news-events/details.php?id=684|publisher=www.ghanamps.gov.gv|access-date=5 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033708/http://www.ghanamps.gov.gh/news-events/details.php?id=684|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Osei yayi aure da ‘ya’ya takwas.<ref name=":1" /> Shi Kirista ne da ke yin ibada a Assemblies of God Church.<ref name=":1" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1957]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 19ntbdq18uz2tvdn3oh6mi2ubeaurtc 0 39066 892749 408659 2026-08-08T05:55:50Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 892749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cara Dunne-Yates''' (an haifeta aMaris 17, 1970 - Oktoba 20, 2004) ƙwararriyar 'yar wasa ce, ƙwararrun ilimin halitta, ƙwararren harshe, lauya, lauya, marubuci, mawaƙi, kuma uwar 'ya'ya biyu. Ta kasance mai lambar yabo ta Paralympic a duka wasannin hunturu da na bazara. Ta kasance mai ilimin Harvard, kuma ita kaɗai ce naƙasasshiyar farko Marshall (shugaban aji) na kowace babbar jami'a. Ita kuma lauya ce mai ilimi ta UCLA (1997), wacce ita ce ta farko da ta yi yaƙi da Majalisar shigar da Makarantar Law bisa doka don ta sa su yi amfani da tsarin jarrabawar Braille na LSAT. == Ciwon daji == An haife ta kuma ta girma a arewa maso yammacin Chicago, Illinois, an gano Dunne-Yates a cikin watanni 15 tare da retinoblastoma (RB), ciwon daji na retinal. Nan da nan aka cire ido daya, kuma bayan shekaru uku na chemotherapy da maganin radiation, an cire dayan idonta a matsayin maganin ceton rai. Bayan 'yan watanni da kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Harvard, an gano ta da ciwon daji na fuska osteosarcoma. A wasu ayyuka guda biyu, an cire wani bangare na kuncinta na dama da farantinta. Ta jimre na tsawon watanni shida na maganin chemotherapy da gyaran gyare-gyare. Bayan shekaru takwas, a shekara ta 2000, an sake gano ta tana da wani leiomyosarcoma mai wuyar gaske a cikin ciki. Nan da nan ciwon daji ya shiga hanta kuma ya yi sanadiyar mutuwarta a watan Oktoba, 2004. == Ilimi == Ajin 1984 - Dunne-Yates ya halarci Makarantar Elementary ta Farnsworth. Darasi na 1988 - Makarantar Sakandare ta Taft a Chicago. Ajin 1992 - Dunne-Yates ya sauke karatu a matsayin Farko Marshall (shugaban aji) kuma ''magna cum laude'' daga Harvard tare da A.B. a cikin Nazarin Gabashin Asiya kuma ƙarami a fannin Tattalin Arziki. Class na 1997 - Dunne-Yates ya sauke karatu daga Makarantar Shari'a ta UCLA, bayan jinkirin jinya na shekara guda, kuma yayin horo ga 1996 US Paralympic cycling Team. 2002–2004 - Aboki a Jami'ar Brandeis, Waltham, Massachusetts - Shirin Malaman Nazarin Mata. == Aikin motsa jiki == A cikin 1976, lokacin da Dunne-Yates ke da shekaru shida, mahaifiyarta Mary Zabelski ta gabatar da ita wasan tseren tsalle-tsalle a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar Chicago, Ƙungiyar Makafi ta Amurka (ABSF). Daga ƙarshe, Dunne-Yates da mahaifinta wanda zai kasance ba da daɗewa ba, Richard Zabelski, sun sami horo tare da ABSF a wuraren wasan kankara na gida a matsayin wani ɓangare na tseren ƙungiyoyi. A cikin 1979, bayan yanayi biyu na wasan tsere don nishadi a matsayin aikin iyali, ta shiga tseren kankara na farko. Tare da farkon bala'i, Dunne-Yates da uba, waɗanda suka yi aiki na musamman a matsayin mai horar da ƙwallan ƙwallon ƙafa a duk lokacin da take gudanar da wasan tsere, sun ɓullo da wata sabuwar dabarar jagora, inda mai tseren zai bi jagorar. Wannan dabarar “jagora ta gaba” ba a taɓa yin nuni da ita a baya ba a cikin tseren kankara makaho. Bayan fafatawa tsakanin ƙungiyoyi masu yawa tare da makafi daga ƙungiyoyi daga [[Wisconsin]] da Michigan, dabarun Dunne-Yates da kwarin gwiwa a matsayin ɗan tseren kankara ya inganta. Lokacin da ta kai shekaru 11, ta yi takara a rukunin mata na manya, inda ta nuna a karon farko dabarun jagora. An zabe ta a matsayin mafi karancin shekaru a kungiyar. Ta yi gasa tare da Ƙungiyar Alpine Ski ta Amurka daga 1982 zuwa 1989, kuma ta sami lambar yabo a gasar zakarun duniya a Switzerland, Kanada, [[Austriya|Austria]], da Sweden. A cikin 1994, Dunne-Yates ya shiga Makarantar Shari'a ta UCLA. A cikin 1995, ta sadu kuma ta fara horo tare da Scott Evans, ƙwararren mai tseren keke na velodrome. Sun horar da kullun akan keken waƙar tandem, yayin da kowannensu ya halarci darasi a UCLA. Dunne-Yates da Evans sun shiga tsere da yawa don haɓaka ƙarfi, daidaitawa, da dabaru. A cikin 1996, sun shiga gasar tseren keken keke na farko ta Amurka a Houston, [[Texas]], suna shiga cikin rukuni don masu keke na gani. Sun ci matsayi na farko kuma an zaɓi su don 1996 Atlanta Paralympic cycling Team. A duk tsawon aikinta na keke, Dunne-Yates ta kasance matukin jirgi na musamman daga Evans. '''Gasar kankara ta Alpine ta Amurka''' 1979 – An haɓaka da kuma fara aikin fasaha na "Jagora ta Gaba", inda ake jagorantar skier ta hanyar sautin skis na jagora da umarnin magana daga gaban mai wasan skier na gani. 1981 – Wanda ta ci lambar zinare don giant slalom na mata a Gasar Skiing na 1st na Amurka don Makafi, Gasar Alpine National Championship (Upper Peninsula, Michigan); tseren da Ƙungiyar Makafi ta Amurka (USABA) ta haramta. 1981 - An zaɓa a matsayin ƙaramin memba na Ƙungiyar Ski na Paralympic na Amurka yana da shekaru 11. 1981 - Mawallafan gasar zakarun kasa da yawa a Gasar tseren tsalle-tsalle na 88th na Amurka, Ƙungiyar Makafi Skiers (USABA). '''Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi''' 1984 – Lambun tagulla na mata masu tsalle-tsalle masu tsalle-tsalle (Innsbruck, Austria). 1984 – Lambun tagulla na mata masu tsalle-tsalle (Innsbruck, Austria). 1984 – Lambun Azurfa na Giant Slalom Alpine Skiing (Innsbruck, Austria). 1988 – Lambobin Azurfa na mata masu tsalle-tsalle (Innsbruck, Austria). 1988 - Lambar Azurfa don Giant Slalom Alpine Skining (Innsbruck, Austria). '''IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships''' 1982 – Lambun tagulla na mata masu tsalle-tsalle (Le Diablerets, Switzerland). 1982 – Lambun tagulla ga mata masu tsalle-tsalle (Le Diablerets, Switzerland). 1982 – Lambar Azurfa don Giant Slalom Alpine Skiing (Le Diablerets, Switzerland). 1986 – Lambun tagulla na mata masu tsalle-tsalle (Salen, Sweden). 1986 – Lambun Azurfa don Giant Slalom Alpine Skiing (Salen, Sweden). 1986 – Lambun tagulla na mata masu tsalle-tsalle (Salen, Sweden). '''Wasannin Nakasassu na bazara''' 1996 – Lambun Azurfa don gaurayawan tandem 1 km keke (Atlanta, Jojiya). 1996 - Lambar tagulla don tseren tandem na mita 200, (Atlanta, Jojiya). 2000 - Matsayi na 10 a cikin kilo a 2000 (Sydney, Australia). '''Gasar Keke Duniya''' Gasar Kekuna ta Duniya ta 1998 - Memba na ƙungiyar tseren keke ta Amurka (Colorado Springs, Colorado). == Shawara == Daga cikin nasarorin da ta samu a wajen fagen wasanni, Dunne-Yates ƙwararriyar marubuci ce kuma mawaƙi. Ta kasance 'yar jarida ga jaridun al'umma da yawa a Illinois, Massachusetts, da Colorado, gami da Gidan Yanar Gizo na Kwamitin Olympic na Amurka na 1998–2001. Ta kasance mai ba da gudummawa ga ''Encyclopedia of Women and Sport'' a Amurka tare da rubutunta kan 'yan wasa mata da wasannin motsa jiki, kuma ta buga a duka Amurka da Japan. Nasarar bayar da shawarwarin Dunne-Yates sun haɗa da: * 1988 - An buga shi a cikin ''Journal of Law and Medicine'' (Oktoba 1998) akan ka'idodin ganewar asali na rashin lafiya na asali. * 1989 – Ta yi balaguro zuwa Japan a matsayin wakiliyar magajin gari Richard M. Daley da birnin Chicago. * 1991 - Komawa Japan don yin lacca kan haƙƙin nakasassu. Ta bayyana sau da yawa a talabijin da rediyo na Japan da kuma a cikin kafofin watsa labaru. Ta ba da shaida a gaban 'yan majalisar Japan. * 1991 - Nasarar tilasta Majalisar Shiga Makarantar Shari'a don samar da LSAT a Braille a karon farko. * 1992 - Co-director na National Retinoblastoma Foundation. * 1993 - Co-shugaban New England Retinoblastoma Family Foundation. * 1997 - An nuna shi akan ABC's 20/20 a cikin "Cara Dunne-Yates: Labari na Keɓaɓɓu". == Iyali == Dunne-Yates 'yar Mary S. Zabelski ce kuma diyar Richard Zabelski na Chicago. Ta yi aure a cikin 1998 ga Spencer Yates, ɗan tseren keke. Dunne-Yates yana da diya, Elise, an haife shi a 2000, da ɗa, Carson, an haife shi a 2003. == Girmamawa == 1987 – Harvard Club na Chicago (HCC) ta naɗa babban ɗan takara daga 400 tare da aikace-aikacen yanki na Chicago don shiga Jami'ar Harvard - dalibi. 1988 - An shigar da farkon shiga Jami'ar Harvard Digiri na farko. Ita kadai ce makauniyar daliba. 1989 – Wakilin hukuma na Richard M. Daley da birnin Chicago, ya ziyarci garuruwa da larduna daban-daban a cikin Japan, yana karantarwa, da rubuce-rubuce. 1992 – Ya kammala karatun magna cum laude tare da Bachelor of Arts a cikin Harsunan Gabashin Asiya da ƙarami a fannin Tattalin Arziki. Ta kasance "First Marshall" na Class 1992. 1996 – Ta karɓi lambar yabo ta Reynolds daga Babban Asibitin Massachusetts don ƙoƙarinta na bayar da shawarwari a madadin iyalai da yara makafi, gami da waɗanda ke da ƙarin nakasa. Ta kasance abokin haɗin gwiwa tare da tsohon Sanata Edward Kennedy. 1997 – Gwarzon 'yar wasa mata na Ƙungiyar Makafi ta Amurka 1998 - Gidauniyar Gene Autry Courage Award don nuna jarumtaka a yayin fuskantar wahala. 2001 - Kyautar Carpe Diem daga Gidauniyar Lance Armstrong. 2001 - An shigar da shi cikin Babban Masanin Ilimin-Dan wasa na Duniya, wanda ke Cibiyar Wasannin Duniya (Kingston, Rhode Island). 2002 - An ba da lambar yabo ta Jane Rainie Opel '50 Young Alumna Award daga Radcliffe Association, Jami'ar Harvard. Ana ba da lambar yabo a kowace shekara ga wata tsofaffin ɗalibai a aji na 10 na haɗuwa don gagarumin gudunmawar ci gaban mata, ga sana'arta, ko kuma ga cibiyar. 2002 - Jarumi na Gaskiya na Kyautar Wasanni daga Cibiyar Nazarin Wasanni a cikin Al'umma, Jami'ar Arewa maso Gabas (Boston, Massachusetts). 2010 - Wani mutum-mutumi mai girman rai mai kama da Cara Dunne-Yates da karen jagorarta, Haley, an gina shi kusa da gindin Elk Camp Gondola a ƙauyen Snowmass, Colorado. An matsar da mutum-mutumin a cikin 2019 zuwa wani wuri kusa da Cibiyar Canja wurin Base Village. == Manazarta == * [http://www.boston.com/news/globe/obituaries/articles/2004/10/22/cara_dunne_yates_34_earned_medals_gave_inspiration_in_sports/ Article in the ''Boston Globe''] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070816192337/http://www.acb.org/magazine/2005/bf022005-13.html Article in the Braille Forum] * [https://archive.today/20080107032109/http://www.usoc.org/paralympics/news_51248.htm Article at USOC] * [https://www.usacycling.org/news/user/story.php?id=1422 Article at USA Cycling] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175310/https://www.usacycling.org/news/user/story.php?id=1422 |date=2016-03-03 }} * [https://aspensnowmassshrines.com/index.php?the-cara-dunne-yates-statue-snowmass Article at The Shrines and Memorials of Aspen/Snowmass] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116195932/https://www.aspensnowmassshrines.com/index.php?the-cara-dunne-yates-statue-snowmass |date=2022-11-16 }} [[Category:Haifaffun 1970]] dpd9yah22n6rxnjnaxdv9fz0wsn680m 0 39517 892720 726627 2026-08-08T02:44:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Naana Eyiah.jpg|thumb|Naana Eyiah Quansah]] '''Naana Eyiah Quansah''' 'yar siyasar Ghana ce kuma mamba a New Patriotic Party. A halin yanzu ita ce ‘yar majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Gomoa ta tsakiya a yankin tsakiyar ƙasar Ghana.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/854369/mp-advocates-for-girl-child-education-in-gomoa-central.html|title=MP Advocates For Girl-Child Education In Gomoa Central|last=Nkrumah|first=Benedict Kweku|work=Modern Ghana|access-date=2018-11-02|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/naana-eyiah-supports-gomoa-obuasi-health-centre.html|title=Naana Eyiah supports Gomoa Obuasi Health Centre|last=Agbey|first=Gilbert Mawuli|work=Graphic Online|access-date=2018-11-02|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/mp-settles-bills-of-55-gyaman-shs-students/|title=MP settles bills of 55 Gyaman SHS students {{!}} News Ghana|website=www.newsghana.com.gh|language=en-US|access-date=2018-11-02}}</ref> A halin yanzu ita ce mataimakiyar ministar harkokin cikin gida.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jul 30|last2=2021|title=Police Ladies Association calls on Interior Deputy Minister|url=https://www.mint.gov.gh/police-ladies-association-calls-on-interior-deputy-minister/|access-date=2022-12-02|website=Ministry of the Interior│Republic of Ghana|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agyeman|first=Nana Konadu|date=19 June 2021|title=Parliament approves second batch deputy ministerial appointees|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-parliament-approves-second-batch-deputy-ministerial-appointees.html#|url-status=live|access-date=2 December 2022|website=Graphic Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=GTonline|date=2022-09-09|title=British Royal Army member donates equipment to GNFS|url=https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/british-royal-army-member-donates-equipment-to-gnfs/|access-date=2022-12-02|website=Ghanaian Times|language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Quansah a ranar 14 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1963 kuma ta fito daga Gomoa Lome da ke yankin tsakiyar kasar Ghana. Ta sami takardar shaidar a Gudanar da Ayyuka a cikin shekarar 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eyiah, Naana|url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/naana-eyiah-quansah/|access-date=2022-12-02|website=Ghana MPS|language=en-US}}</ref> == Aiki == Quansah ta kasance shugabar gudanarwa na Naaba Company Limited..<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=26|access-date=2022-12-02|website=www.parliament.gh|archive-date=2023-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328052154/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=26|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Siyasa == Quansah 'yar sabuwar jam'iyyar kishin kasa ce.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MP Commends President Akufo Addo for creating Gomoa Central District Assembly|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/842561/mp-commends-president-akufo-addo-for-creating-gomoa-central.html|access-date=2022-12-02|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Allotey|first=Godwin Akweiteh|date=2016-10-07|title=NPP’s Gomoa Central candidate can’t unseat Appoh – DCE|url=https://citifmonline.com/2016/10/npps-gomoa-central-candidate-cant-unseat-appoh-dce/|access-date=2022-12-02|website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202163739/https://citifmonline.com/2016/10/npps-gomoa-central-candidate-cant-unseat-appoh-dce/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta kasance tsohuwar mataimakiyar ministar filaye da albarkatun kasa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Agyeman|first=Adwoa|date=2020-12-14|title=Central Region gets six women Parliamentarians|url=https://www.adomonline.com/central-region-gets-six-women-parliamentarians/|access-date=2022-12-02|website=Adomonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-10|title=Deputy Minister of Lands and Natural Resources breaks ground for 6-unit classroom block - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/deputy-minister-of-lands-and-natural-resources-breaks-ground-for-6-unit-classroom-block/|access-date=2022-12-02|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> === Zaben 2016 === A babban zaben kasar Ghana na shekarar 2016, ta lashe kujerar majalisar dokokin mazabar Gomoa ta tsakiya da kuri'u 14,178 inda ta samu kashi 51.6% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada yayin da 'yar takarar majalisar dokokin kasar ta NDC Rachel Florence Appoh ta samu kuri'u 12,858 da ya samu kashi 46.8% na kuri'un da aka kada, 'yar takarar majalisar dokoki ta CPP. Emmanuel Appoh Mensah ya samu kuri'u 280 wanda ya zama kashi 1.0% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada yayin da 'yar takarar majalisar dokokin jam'iyyar PPP Grace Ignophia Appiah ta samu kuri'u 174 wanda ya zama kashi 0.6% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada.<ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=2016 Election - Gomoa Central Constituency Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/parliament/central/gomoa_central/|access-date=2022-12-02|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=2023-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513002034/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/parliament/central/gomoa_central/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Zaben 2020 === A babban zaben kasar Ghana na 2020, ta sake lashe kujerar majalisar dokokin mazabar Gomoa ta tsakiya da kuri'u 20,527 wanda ya samu kashi 56.81% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada yayin da dan takarar majalisar dokokin kasar ta NDC Jonamoah Moses Jehu-Appiah ya samu kuri'u 14,568 da ya samu kashi 42.32% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada. 'Yar takarar majalisar dokoki ta GUM Hannah Chrissam ta samu kuri'u 561 wanda ya zama kashi 1.6% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada sannan dan takarar majalisar dokokin kasar ta NDP Frank Otchere Painstil ya samu kuri'u 476 wanda ya samu kashi 1.3% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada.<ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=2020 Election - Gomoa Central Constituency Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/gomoa_central/|access-date=2022-12-02|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=2023-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513002250/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/gomoa_central/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Kwamitoci === Quansah mamba ce a kwamitin tabbatar da gwamnati kuma mamba ce a kwamitin lafiya.<ref name=":1" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Quansah ta bayyana a matsayin Kirista da ke da aure da ɗa guda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Eyiah, Naana|url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5375|access-date=2018-11-02|website=www.ghanamps.com|archive-date=2024-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928195634/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=5375|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tallafawa == A watan Mayun 2019, ta baiwa mata sama da 300 kayan sawa da abinci da abin sha a mazabarta.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-15|title=Mothers Day: Gomoa Central MP Celebrates Mothers In Grand Style|url=https://www.thepublisheronline.com/mothers-day-gomoa-central-mp-celebrates-mothers-in-grand-style/|access-date=2022-12-02|website=The Publisher Online|language=en-GB}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2020, ta ba da gudummawar kayan aikin lafiya da na ofis ga cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya a mazabar Gomoa ta Tsakiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MP donates items to Health Facilities in Gomoa Central {{!}} 07th February, 2020 - Ghana Hospitals|url=http://ghanahospitals.org/news/details.php?id=2557|access-date=2022-12-02|website=ghanahospitals.org}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2022, ta ba da gudummawar wasu kayan makaranta ga kimanin dalibai 120 da suka kammala karatunsu a mazabarta da suka sami shiga manyan makarantun sakandare.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hammad|date=2022-04-17|title=Deputy Interior Minister supports 120 needy students in Gomoa Central -|url=https://ghanaonlinenews.com/deputy-interior-minister-supports-120-needy-students-in-gomoa-central-2/|access-date=2022-12-02|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202163916/https://ghanaonlinenews.com/deputy-interior-minister-supports-120-needy-students-in-gomoa-central-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=120 needy students in Gomoa Central get support from MP|url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/ReaderDistrict/6426ed9-5218-4c73-a4|access-date=2022-12-02|website=www.ghanadistricts.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] mgddgu1t73frl0xh3s08vlam5h3fc4a 0 40689 892806 283710 2026-08-08T09:58:23Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[File:Ghanta_et_Vajra_(British_Museum)_(8697431158).jpg|thumb| A vajra da kararrawa (ghanta), waxanda kuma su ne na gargajiya alamomin al'ada na Vajrayāna.]] '''Vajrayāna''' (Sanskrit, "'''thunderbolt vehicle'''", "diamond vehicle", ko "indestructible vehicle"), tare da '''Mantrayāna''', '''Guhyamantrayāna''', Tantrayāna, secret '''Mantra''', '''Tantric Buddhism''', da '''addinin Buddah na Esoteric''', sunaye ne da ke magana akan al'adun [[Buddha]] masu alaƙa da Tantra da "secret Mantra", wanda ya ci gaba a cikin tsakiyar Indiya kuma ya bazu zuwa Tibet, [[Nepal]], da sauran jihohin Himalayan, Gabashin Asiya, da [[Mangoliya|Mongoliya]]. Ayyukan Vajrayāna suna da alaƙa da ƙayyadaddun zuriya a cikin addinin Buddha, ta hanyar koyarwar masu riƙe da zuriya. Wasu na iya komawa ga matani a matsayin Buddhist Tantras. {{Sfn|Macmillan Publishing|2004}} Ya haɗa da ayyukan da ke amfani da mantras, dharanis, mudras, mandalas da hangen nesa na alloli da Buddha. Majiyoyin Vajrayāna na al'ada sun ce [[Gautama Buddha|Śākyamuni Buddha]] ne suka koyar da tantras da zuriyar Vajrayāna da sauran adadi irin su bodhisattva Vajrapani da Padmasambhava. Masana tarihi na zamani na nazarin addinin Buddha suna jayayya cewa wannan motsi ya samo asali ne daga zamanin daular Indiya ta tsakiya (kimanin karni na 5 CE zuwa gaba). A cewar nassosin Vajrayāna, kalmar ''Vajrayāna'' tana nufin ɗaya daga cikin three-vehicle ko hanyoyin zuwa wayewa, sauran biyun kuma su ne Śrāvakayāna (wanda aka fi sani da Hīnayāna) da [[Mahayana|Mahāyāna]] (a.k.a Pāramitāyāna). Akwai al'adun addinin Buddha da yawa da ake aiwatar da su a halin yanzu, ciki har da addinin Buddha na Tibet, addinin Buddha na Esoteric na kasar Sin, Buddha na Shingon da addinin Buddah na Newar. == Kalmomi == [[File:Thiksey Monastery, Tibetan Buddhism in Ladakh, North India.jpg|thumb|Vajrayana]] A cikin addinin Buddha na Tibet ''da'' ake yi a yankunan Himalayan na [[Indiya]], [[Nepal]], da [[Bhutan]], Buddhist Tantra galibi ana ''kiransa'' ''Vajrayāna'' (''Tib''. ''Guhyamantra'', Tib. གསང་སྔགས་, ''sang ngak'', Wyl. ''gsang sngags''). Vajra wani makami ne na tatsuniya da ke da alaƙa da Indra wanda aka ce ba ya lalacewa kuma ba ya karyewa (kamar lu'u-lu'u) kuma mai matuƙar ƙarfi (kamar tsawa). Don haka, ana fassara kalmar daban-daban da Diamond vehicle, Motar Thunderbolt, vehicle da ba ta lalacewa da sauransu. addinin Buddah na Esoteric na kasar Sin gabaɗaya an san shi da kalmomi daban-daban kamar ''Zhēnyan'' ([[Sinanci]]: 真言, a zahiri "kalmar gaskiya", tana nufin mantra), <nowiki><i id="mwUg">Tángmì</i></nowiki> ko ''Hanmì'' (唐密 - 漢密," Tang Esotericism" ko "[[Han Chinese|Han]] Esotericism") ''. Mìzōng'' (密宗, "Darikar Esoteric") ko ''Mìjiao'' (Sinanci: 密教; Koyarwar Esoteric). A Kalmar Sinanci ''mì''密 ("asiri, esoteric") fassara ce ta kalmar Sanskrit ''Guhya'' ("asirin, ɓoye, mai zurfi, abstruse"). <ref>Jianfu Lü (2017). ''Chinese and Tibetan Esoteric Buddhism.'' pp. 72–82 . Studies on East Asian Religions, Volume: 1. Brill.</ref> A [[Japan]], an san esotericism na Buddha Mikkyō (密教, "koyarwar sirri") ko kuma ta kalmar Shingon (ma'anar Jafananci na ''Zhēnyán'' ), wanda kuma yana nufin wani takamaiman makaranta na ''Shingon-shū'' (真言宗). == Manazarta == [[File:Eight_Mahasiddhas_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|right|thumb| Mahasiddhas, Palpung monastery. Ka lura da adadi na babban adept Putalipa a tsakiya, zaune a cikin wani kogo da gazing a wani image na zuzzurfan tunani allahntaka Samvara da adadi a kasa hagu rike da kwanyar-ma'aikatan (''khaṭvāṅga'') da flaying wuka (''kartika'').]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ls56raoidnzzoo5hoipc8wa168podj5 892807 892806 2026-08-08T09:58:47Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[File:Ghanta_et_Vajra_(British_Museum)_(8697431158).jpg|thumb| A vajra da kararrawa (ghanta), waxanda kuma su ne na gargajiya alamomin al'ada na Vajrayāna.]] '''Vajrayāna''' (Sanskrit, "'''thunderbolt vehicle'''", "diamond vehicle", ko "indestructible vehicle"), tare da '''Mantrayāna''', '''Guhyamantrayāna''', Tantrayāna, secret '''Mantra''', '''Tantric Buddhism''', da '''addinin Buddah na Esoteric''', sunaye ne da ke magana akan al'adun [[Buddha]] masu alaƙa da Tantra da "secret Mantra", wanda ya ci gaba a cikin tsakiyar Indiya kuma ya bazu zuwa Tibet, [[Nepal]], da sauran jihohin Himalayan, Gabashin Asiya, da kuma [[Mangoliya|Mongoliya]]. Ayyukan Vajrayāna suna da alaƙa da ƙayyadaddun zuriya a cikin addinin Buddha, ta hanyar koyarwar masu riƙe da zuriya. Wasu na iya komawa ga matani a matsayin Buddhist Tantras. {{Sfn|Macmillan Publishing|2004}} Ya haɗa da ayyukan da ke amfani da mantras, dharanis, mudras, mandalas da hangen nesa na alloli da Buddha. Majiyoyin Vajrayāna na al'ada sun ce [[Gautama Buddha|Śākyamuni Buddha]] ne suka koyar da tantras da zuriyar Vajrayāna da sauran adadi irin su bodhisattva Vajrapani da Padmasambhava. Masana tarihi na zamani na nazarin addinin Buddha suna jayayya cewa wannan motsi ya samo asali ne daga zamanin daular Indiya ta tsakiya (kimanin karni na 5 CE zuwa gaba). A cewar nassosin Vajrayāna, kalmar ''Vajrayāna'' tana nufin ɗaya daga cikin three-vehicle ko hanyoyin zuwa wayewa, sauran biyun kuma su ne Śrāvakayāna (wanda aka fi sani da Hīnayāna) da [[Mahayana|Mahāyāna]] (a.k.a Pāramitāyāna). Akwai al'adun addinin Buddha da yawa da ake aiwatar da su a halin yanzu, ciki har da addinin Buddha na Tibet, addinin Buddha na Esoteric na kasar Sin, Buddha na Shingon da addinin Buddah na Newar. == Kalmomi == [[File:Thiksey Monastery, Tibetan Buddhism in Ladakh, North India.jpg|thumb|Vajrayana]] A cikin addinin Buddha na Tibet ''da'' ake yi a yankunan Himalayan na [[Indiya]], [[Nepal]], da [[Bhutan]], Buddhist Tantra galibi ana ''kiransa'' ''Vajrayāna'' (''Tib''. ''Guhyamantra'', Tib. གསང་སྔགས་, ''sang ngak'', Wyl. ''gsang sngags''). Vajra wani makami ne na tatsuniya da ke da alaƙa da Indra wanda aka ce ba ya lalacewa kuma ba ya karyewa (kamar lu'u-lu'u) kuma mai matuƙar ƙarfi (kamar tsawa). Don haka, ana fassara kalmar daban-daban da Diamond vehicle, Motar Thunderbolt, vehicle da ba ta lalacewa da sauransu. addinin Buddah na Esoteric na kasar Sin gabaɗaya an san shi da kalmomi daban-daban kamar ''Zhēnyan'' ([[Sinanci]]: 真言, a zahiri "kalmar gaskiya", tana nufin mantra), <nowiki><i id="mwUg">Tángmì</i></nowiki> ko ''Hanmì'' (唐密 - 漢密," Tang Esotericism" ko "[[Han Chinese|Han]] Esotericism") ''. Mìzōng'' (密宗, "Darikar Esoteric") ko ''Mìjiao'' (Sinanci: 密教; Koyarwar Esoteric). A Kalmar Sinanci ''mì''密 ("asiri, esoteric") fassara ce ta kalmar Sanskrit ''Guhya'' ("asirin, ɓoye, mai zurfi, abstruse"). <ref>Jianfu Lü (2017). ''Chinese and Tibetan Esoteric Buddhism.'' pp. 72–82 . Studies on East Asian Religions, Volume: 1. Brill.</ref> A [[Japan]], an san esotericism na Buddha Mikkyō (密教, "koyarwar sirri") ko kuma ta kalmar Shingon (ma'anar Jafananci na ''Zhēnyán'' ), wanda kuma yana nufin wani takamaiman makaranta na ''Shingon-shū'' (真言宗). == Manazarta == [[File:Eight_Mahasiddhas_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|right|thumb| Mahasiddhas, Palpung monastery. Ka lura da adadi na babban adept Putalipa a tsakiya, zaune a cikin wani kogo da gazing a wani image na zuzzurfan tunani allahntaka Samvara da adadi a kasa hagu rike da kwanyar-ma'aikatan (''khaṭvāṅga'') da flaying wuka (''kartika'').]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jnfgnz2cxjfnzh6uy6l6cutxon2jws6 892810 892807 2026-08-08T09:59:18Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[File:Ghanta_et_Vajra_(British_Museum)_(8697431158).jpg|thumb| A vajra da kararrawa (ghanta), waxanda kuma su ne na gargajiya alamomin al'ada na Vajrayāna.]] '''Vajrayāna''' (Sanskrit, "'''thunderbolt vehicle'''", "diamond vehicle", ko "indestructible vehicle"), tare da '''Mantrayāna''', '''Guhyamantrayāna''', Tantrayāna, secret '''Mantra''', '''Tantric Buddhism''', da '''addinin Buddah na Esoteric''', sunaye ne da ke magana akan al'adun [[Buddha]] masu alaƙa da Tantra da "secret Mantra", wanda ya ci gaba a cikin tsakiyar Indiya kuma ya bazu zuwa Tibet, [[Nepal]], da sauran jihohin Himalayan, Gabashin Asiya, da kuma [[Mangoliya|Mongoliya]]. Ayyukan Vajrayāna suna da alaƙa da ƙayyadaddun zuriya a cikin addinin Buddha, ta hanyar koyarwar masu riƙe da zuriya. Wasu na iya komawa ga matani a matsayin Buddhist Tantras. {{Sfn|Macmillan Publishing|2004}} Ya haɗa da ayyukan da ke amfani da mantras, dharanis, mudras, mandalas da hangen nesa na alloli da Buddha. Majiyoyin Vajrayāna na al'ada sun ce [[Gautama Buddha|Śākyamuni Buddha]] ne suka koyar da tantras da zuriyar Vajrayāna da sauran adadi irin su bodhisattva Vajrapani da Padmasambhava. Masana tarihi na zamani na nazarin addinin Buddha suna jayayya cewa wannan motsi ya samo asali ne daga zamanin daular Indiya ta tsakiya (kimanin karni na 5 CE zuwa gaba). A cewar nassosin Vajrayāna, kalmar ''Vajrayāna'' tana nufin ɗaya daga cikin three-vehicle ko hanyoyin zuwa wayewa, sauran biyun kuma su ne Śrāvakayāna (wanda aka fi sani da Hīnayāna) da [[Mahayana|Mahāyāna]] (a.k.a Pāramitāyāna). Akwai al'adun addinin Buddha da yawa da ake aiwatar da su a halin yanzu, ciki har da addinin Buddha na Tibet, addinin Buddha na Esoteric na ƙasar Sin, Buddha na Shingon da addinin Buddah na Newar. == Kalmomi == [[File:Thiksey Monastery, Tibetan Buddhism in Ladakh, North India.jpg|thumb|Vajrayana]] A cikin addinin Buddha na Tibet ''da'' ake yi a yankunan Himalayan na [[Indiya]], [[Nepal]], da [[Bhutan]], Buddhist Tantra galibi ana ''kiransa'' ''Vajrayāna'' (''Tib''. ''Guhyamantra'', Tib. གསང་སྔགས་, ''sang ngak'', Wyl. ''gsang sngags''). Vajra wani makami ne na tatsuniya da ke da alaƙa da Indra wanda aka ce ba ya lalacewa kuma ba ya karyewa (kamar lu'u-lu'u) kuma mai matuƙar ƙarfi (kamar tsawa). Don haka, ana fassara kalmar daban-daban da Diamond vehicle, Motar Thunderbolt, vehicle da ba ta lalacewa da sauransu. addinin Buddah na Esoteric na kasar Sin gabaɗaya an san shi da kalmomi daban-daban kamar ''Zhēnyan'' ([[Sinanci]]: 真言, a zahiri "kalmar gaskiya", tana nufin mantra), <nowiki><i id="mwUg">Tángmì</i></nowiki> ko ''Hanmì'' (唐密 - 漢密," Tang Esotericism" ko "[[Han Chinese|Han]] Esotericism") ''. Mìzōng'' (密宗, "Darikar Esoteric") ko ''Mìjiao'' (Sinanci: 密教; Koyarwar Esoteric). A Kalmar Sinanci ''mì''密 ("asiri, esoteric") fassara ce ta kalmar Sanskrit ''Guhya'' ("asirin, ɓoye, mai zurfi, abstruse"). <ref>Jianfu Lü (2017). ''Chinese and Tibetan Esoteric Buddhism.'' pp. 72–82 . Studies on East Asian Religions, Volume: 1. Brill.</ref> A [[Japan]], an san esotericism na Buddha Mikkyō (密教, "koyarwar sirri") ko kuma ta kalmar Shingon (ma'anar Jafananci na ''Zhēnyán'' ), wanda kuma yana nufin wani takamaiman makaranta na ''Shingon-shū'' (真言宗). == Manazarta == [[File:Eight_Mahasiddhas_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|right|thumb| Mahasiddhas, Palpung monastery. Ka lura da adadi na babban adept Putalipa a tsakiya, zaune a cikin wani kogo da gazing a wani image na zuzzurfan tunani allahntaka Samvara da adadi a kasa hagu rike da kwanyar-ma'aikatan (''khaṭvāṅga'') da flaying wuka (''kartika'').]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] awfan8ngw9sxbihsyk3iksbrjvq91mo 0 43140 892710 722133 2026-08-08T01:44:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|Musa Halilu Ahmed}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Musa Halilu-Ahmed''',<ref>https://independent.ng/we-were-threatened-during-apc-ward-congress-in-oyo-committee-chair/alhaji-musa-halilu-ahmed/</ref> wanda aka fi sani da '''Dujima ko Musa Yola,''' (An [[Haifa Abdelhak|haife]] shi a [[Ranar Arafa|ranar]] 13 ga [[Wata|watan]] [[Mayu]] a [[Shekara|shekarar]] 1976) ɗan kasuwa ne kuma ɗan siyasar [[Najeriya]]. Shi ne Dujuma na [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], wani ladabin gargajiya da ake girmamawa sosai wanda ya samo asali tun tsohuwar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|daular Borno]] a karni na 18 a Najeriya.<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/03/apc-chieftain-musa-halilu-ahmed-bags-dujuma-adamawa-title-tomorrow/</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Musa a tsohon garin [[Gembu, Najeriya|Gembu]] ([[Tudun Mambilla|Mambila Plateau]]) da ke tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] (daga baya an raba shi zuwa jihohin [[Adamawa]] da [[Jahar Taraba|Taraba]]) ga Alhaji Halilu Ahmadu Chiroma da Mama Hauwa Halilu. Tun yana Kuma yaro da aka haifa a cikin dangin musulmi masu kishin addini, Musa ya fara karatun kur’ani tun yana dan shekara huɗu, daga baya kuma ya shiga makarantar firamare ta Musdafa da ke [[Yola]] tsakanin shekarata 1983 zuwa 1988.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.legit.ng/1159961-apc-chieftain-musa-yola-turbaned-dujima-adamawa-1.html#1159961 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307205158/https://www.legit.ng/1159961-apc-chieftain-musa-yola-turbaned-dujima-adamawa-1.html#1159961 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan ya kammala karatunsa na firamare ya wuce [[Kwalejin Aliyu Musdafa|makarantar gwamnati ta Yelwa]] da ke Yola inda ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1994. Ba da daɗewa ba ya samu gurbi a [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kaduna|Kaduna Polytechnic]] inda ya yi karatun Difloma ta Ƙasa (OND) a fannin Gudanarwa tsakanin 1999 zuwa 2001.<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/03/apc-chieftain-musa-halilu-ahmed-bags-dujuma-adamawa-title-tomorrow/</ref> A shekarar 2005, ya samu nasarar kammala karatunsa na Higher National Diploma (HND) a [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kaduna|Kaduna Polytechnic]] a makarantar da ya samu OND. A bisa tsarin dole na shekara ɗaya na masu yi wa kasa hidima (NYSC) ga duk waɗanda suka kammala karatunsu a Najeriya, Musa ya shiga NYSC a 2006.<ref>https://www.reportnaija.ng/2018/03/26/musa-yola-to-be-turbaned-as-dujima-adamawa-1/?m=1{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A kokarinsa na ganin ya samu nasara a shekarar NYSC, Musa ya yi karatun difloma a fannin fasahar sadarwa a cibiyar fasaha ta lasa, kuma tun daga nan ya samu horo kan kwasa-kwasan shugabanci da gudanarwa a gida da waje, wanda hakan ya ba shi dama. don samun darussan rayuwa da mafi kyawun ayyuka na duniya wadanda yake amfani da su har zuwa yau.<ref>https://www.newtelegraphng.com/2018/03/musa-yola-to-be-turbaned-as-dujima-adamawa-1/{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Sana'ar sana'a == Nan da nan bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi nazari sosai kan harkokin kasuwanci a tsakanin ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma cikin kankanin lokaci, ya samu karbuwa sosai a fadin [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]]. Kwarewar Musa ta asali da aiwatar da hadaddun kasuwanci na cikin gida/na duniya ya ci gaba da cin gajiyar cancantar karatunsa da takaddun shaida. Ya gan shi ya ratsa nahiya daban-daban a faɗin duniya.<ref>https://thecitypulsenews.com/musa-yola-turbaned-dujima-adamawa-1/</ref> A halin yanzu Musa yana aiki a matsayin shugaba kuma yana zaune a kwamitin kamfanoni da yawa masu sha'awar Gine-gine, Gidajen Gidaje, [[Makamashi]], Noma, Fasaha, Sarrafa Sarƙar Samar da Samfura da Babban jari.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mojidelano.com/2018/04/adamawa-stands-still-as-musa-halilu-ahmed-gets-turbaned-as-dujima-adamawa/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307205159/https://www.mojidelano.com/2018/04/adamawa-stands-still-as-musa-halilu-ahmed-gets-turbaned-as-dujima-adamawa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Musa ya taka rawa kuma ya yi ayyuka da dama a manyan jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban a [[Najeriya]] cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata. Ya taka rawa a matakai daban-daban na juyin halitta, girma da kuma rayuwar wasu fitattun jam’iyyun siyasa da suka haɗa da: All Nigerian Peoples Party (ANPP), Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), da [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC).<ref>https://www.xtra.net/news/politics/governor-ajimobi-carpets-apc-group-apc-ward-congress-112845{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya taka rawar gani wajen inganta zaben shugaban kasa na 2015 a Najeriya . Musa ya taka rawa a bangarori daban-daban na dabaru inda ya tsaya takarar neman kujerar wakilai ta kasa kuma ya samu nasara, taron da ya nuna tarihin hawan shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] a matsayin dan takarar shugaban kasa na [[All Progressives Congress|jam’iyyar APC]] a lokacin. Duk da irin gudunmawar da jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] mai mulki ta samu a zaben shugaban kasa na 2015, Musa ya hau kujerar baya a fagen siyasa, ya koma fagen sana'arsa ta kasuwanci mai zaman kanta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newsexpressngr.com/news/51639 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307205159/https://www.newsexpressngr.com/news/51639 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekarar 2018, Musa ya zama shugaban kwamitin jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] Ward Congress na [[Oyo (jiha)|jihar Oyo]]. Ya jagoranci kwamitin mutum bakwai da aka aika daga babban birnin tarayya [[Abuja]] domin aikin ungozoma taron da aka gudanar a faɗin unguwanni 351 na [[Oyo (jiha)|jihar Oyo]].<ref>https://tribuneonlineng.com/apc-committee-declares-oyo-ward-congress-successful-near-peaceful/</ref> == Girmamawa == A ranar 31 ga watan Mayu, 2018 [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa|Lamiɗon Adamawa Mai]] Martaba [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]] ya naɗa Musa Halilu-Ahmed a matsayin Dujima na [[Adamawa|jihar Adamawa]] a hukumance. An ba da laƙabin gargajiya ga masu hannu da shuni waɗanda suka nuna jagoranci na musamman a cikin al'amuran jama'a da na agaji. An gudanar da bikin ne a fadar Lamiɗo Adamawa dake Yola, jihar Adamawa, kuma ya samu halartar [[Mataimakin shugaban Kasar Najeriya|mataimakin shugaban]] ƙasar tarayyar Najeriya Farfesa [[Yemi Osinbajo]], gwamnan [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]], [[Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai|Malam Nasir Ahmad El-Rufai]], gwamnan jihar Adamawa,<ref>https://thecitypulsenews.com/photos-as-aisha-buharis-brother-musa-halilu-ahmed-turbaned-as-dujima-adamawa/</ref> [[Bindo Jibrilla|Muhammadu Jibrilla Bindow]], National Security Adviser (NSA), Major- [[Babagana Monguno|General Babagana Mungono]] (rtd.), Ministan Babban Birnin Tarayya (FCT), Malam Muhammad Musa Bello, da sarakunan gargajiya na shiyyoyin siyasar ƙasa shida, shugabannin siyasa da ‘yan kasuwa da dai sauransu.<ref>https://www.legit.ng/1161105-osinbajo-el-rufai-yola-turban-ceremony-dujima-adamawa.html</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1976]] [[category:Attajiran Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jf24wxivbbda5jcq1xgvs6oihkxbr3b 0 44553 892853 411886 2026-08-08T10:14:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Pape Ibnou Ba''' (an haife shi 5 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1993) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne wanda ke buga wasan gaba a ƙungiyar Ligue 2 Pau, aro daga Le Havre. An haife shi a Senegal kuma yana buga wa [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Mauritania|tawagar ƙasar Mauritania]] wasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndarinfo.com/Pape-Ibnou-BA-de-la-Linguere-couronne-apres-son-sacre_a16657.html|title=Pape Ibnou BA de la Linguère, couronné après son sacre.|website=NDARINFO.COM}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == Ba samfurin matasa ne na kulob ɗin Linguère na gida, kuma shi ne ɗan wasan da ya fi zira ƙwallaye a gasar firimiya ta Senegal guda ɗaya, tare da ƙwallaye 17 a kakar 2015-16. A cikin 3 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2017, Ba ya sanya hannu kan ƙungiyar Ahed Premier League ta Lebanon, inda ya zira ƙwallaye uku a wasanni biyar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=حدث في مثل هذا اليوم {{!}} صفقات نجماوية وعهداوية وأنصارية.. العمري في النصر وتمرين أخير للمنتخب|url=http://lebanonfg.com/single/2458|access-date=4 January 2021|website=lebanonfg.com|language=en|archive-date=3 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103095348/http://www.lebanonfg.com/single/2458|url-status=dead}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Yunin 2020, Ba ya rattaɓa hannu tare da Niort bayan da ya yi fice tare da Athlético Marseille a gasar firimiya ta Faransa. Ya buga wasansa na farko na ƙwararru tare da Niort a gasar Ligue 2 da ci 1-0 a kan En Avant Guingamp a ranar 22 ga watan Agustan 2020, inda ya zura ƙwallo ɗaya tilo da ƙungiyarsa ta ci a wasan. A ranar 1 ga watan Satumba, Ba ya shiga Pau kan yarjejeniyar lamuni na kakar wasa guda.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mercato – Officiel : Le Havre prête Pape Ibnou Ba au Pau FC !|url=https://maligue2.fr/2022/09/01/mercato-officiel-le-havre-prete-pape-ibnou-ba-au-pau-fc/|access-date=1 September 2022|website=maligue2.fr|language=fr|archive-date=2 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902081908/https://maligue2.fr/2022/09/01/mercato-officiel-le-havre-prete-pape-ibnou-ba-au-pau-fc/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == An haife shi a Senegal, Ba ɗan asalin Mauritania ne. An kira shi ne domin ya wakilci tawagar [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Mauritania|ƴan wasan ƙasar Mauritania]] a gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka na shekarar 2021 . Ya yi karo da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Mauritania|tawagar ƙasar Mauritania]] a wasan sada zumunci da suka yi da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Burkina Faso|Burkina Faso]] a ranar 30 ga watan Disambar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/32940/Mauritania_Burkina_Faso.html|title=Mauritania vs. Burkina Faso (0:0)|first=Benjamin|last=Strack-Zimmermann|website=www.national-football-teams.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1993]] 8njm8wuv05jhcef9gpxb0ve73coazgb 0 44792 892600 235087 2026-08-07T13:22:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mamadou Diatta''' (an haife shi ranar 5 ga watan Afrilun 2001) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na ƙasar Senegal wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. == Sana'a == A ranar 6 ga watan Agustan 2020, Diatta ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrun sa na farko tare da Pau FC.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://maligue2.fr/2020/08/06/officiel-pau-enregistre-la-signature-de-mamadou-diatta/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-21 |archive-date=2023-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321221911/https://maligue2.fr/2020/08/06/officiel-pau-enregistre-la-signature-de-mamadou-diatta/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya fara wasansa na farko tare da Pau a wasan 1-1 Ligue 2 da Rodez AF a ranar 29 ga ga watan Agustan 2020.<ref>https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/08/29/france/ligue-2/pau-football-club/rodez-aveyron-football/3287832/</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|mamadou-diatta/663863}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 2001]] 7yxtm1y09i593lfkf25bkdgif9lxz8h 0 46472 892800 889239 2026-08-08T09:47:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oussama Abdeldjelil''' (an haife shi a shekarar 1993), shi ne [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa na ƙasar <nowiki>[[Aljeriya]]</nowiki> wanda ke buga wasan gaba a ƙungiyar Seden a gasar cin kofin ƙasa na Faransa Championnat National.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usma.dz/index.php/component/content/article/88-a-la-une/1821-oussama-abdeldjelil-1ere-recrue?Itemid=437|title=Oussama ABDELDJELIL, 1ère recrue|access-date=2023-04-06|archive-date=2020-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716013959/https://www.usma.dz/index.php/component/content/article/88-a-la-une/1821-oussama-abdeldjelil-1ere-recrue?Itemid=437|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == An haifi Abdeldjelil a Algeria, kuma ya koma ƙasar Faransa yana ɗan shekaru 6. Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙungiyoyin gida Belligny da FC Villefranche <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.actufoot.com/national/oussama-abdeldjelil-larme-fatale-du-so-cholet|title=Oussama Abdeldjelil, l'arme fatale du SO Cholet|date=25 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref> kafin ya koma ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru a Faransa da Aljeriya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/sports/ile-de-france/ligue-2-oussama-abdeldjelil-un-serial-buteur-au-red-star-13-01-2019-7987950.php|title=Ligue 2 : Oussama Abdeldjelil, un serial buteur au Red Star|date=13 January 2019|website=leparisien.fr}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Janairun shekarar 2019, Abdeldjelil ya rattaba hannu a matsayin kwararren ɗan wasa tare da ƙungiyar [[Red Star FC]] Mai buga gasar Ligue 2 ta Faransa, bayan fara kakar wasa a matsayin wanda ya fi zura ƙwallaye a gasar Championnat National tare da SO Cholet. Ya buga wasansa na farko a matsayin kwararre tare da Red Star a cikin nasara da ci 1-0 a Ligue 2 akan RC Lens a ranar 14 ga Janairun 2019 yana zira ƙwallaye ɗaya da cin nasara.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lfp.fr/ligue2/feuille_match/85188|title=Red Star FC - RC Lens (1-0) - Saison 2018/2019 - Domino's Ligue 2|website=www.lfp.fr}}</ref> A lokacin rani na shekarar 2019, Abdeldjelil ya rattaba hannu a ƙungiyar Paris FC makwabciyarta ta Ligue 2 bayan da Red Star ta fadi a karshen kakar 2018-19 Ligue 2 . Ba tare da zira ƙwallaye a wasanni 14 ba, ya bar kulob ɗin ya koma Cholet a cikin Janairun 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://maligue2.fr/2020/01/22/mercato-oussama-abdeldjelil-va-quitter-le-paris-fc-pour-le-national-1/|title=Mercato – Oussama Abdeldjelil va quitter le Paris FC pour le National 1|publisher=maligue2.fr|language=fr|date=22 January 2020|access-date=6 April 2023|archive-date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408110256/https://maligue2.fr/2020/01/22/mercato-oussama-abdeldjelil-va-quitter-le-paris-fc-pour-le-national-1/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2020, tsohon darektan wasanni na Orléans Anthar Yahia ya dauki Abdeldjelil, don bugawa [[USM Alger]] a cikin ƙasar haihuwarsa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.actufoot.com/69/oussama-abdeldjelil-quitte-cholet-nouveau-challenge/|title=Oussama Abdeldjelil quitte Cholet pour un nouveau challenge|publisher=actufoot.com|language=fr|date=19 June 2020}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Janairun 2021, Abdeljelil ya rattaba hannu a ƙungiyar Championnat ta Faransa US Boulogne kan kwantiragi har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa ta bana, bayan da ya ƙare kwantiraginsa da USM Alger. Wasu majiyoyi sun ce ya ci ƙwallo ukku rigis a farkon wasan sa a kulob ɗin, a wasannin zagaye na takwas na gasar Coupe de France ranar 16 ga watan Fabrairun 2021, ko da yake wasu majiyoyi a lokacin sun ba da ƙwallo ta uku a matsayin ƙwallon da abokan karawa su ka ci gidansu da kansu-(own goal). <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ie/news/oussama-abdeldjelils-hat-trick-propels-us-boulogne-past/oq6otcbmm9f019qx3pe0ollgw|title=Oussama Abdeldjelil’s hat-trick propels US Boulogne past Lambresienne in French Cup|publisher=goal.com|date=16 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/02/16/france/coupe-de-france/union-sportive-de-boulogne-cote-dopale/lambresienne/3454335/|title=Boulogne vs. Lambresienne 5-0|publisher=Soccerway|date=16 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fff.fr/competition/match/23343571-u-s-boulogne-cote-d-opale-ent-s-lambres-lez-douai.html|title=US Boulogne CO 5-0 ES Lambres|publisher=FFF.fr|language=fr|date=16 February 2021|access-date=6 April 2023|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406135156/https://www.fff.fr/competition/match/23343571-u-s-boulogne-cote-d-opale-ent-s-lambres-lez-douai.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An haifi Abdeldjelil a Aljeriya, kuma ya wakilci Aljeriya U23 don samun cancantar shiga gasar Olympics .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dzballon.com/2015/10/11/interview-oussama-abdeldjelil-as-saint-priest-en-algerie-espoir/|title=Interview: Oussama Abdeldjelil, AS Saint Priest (EN-Algérie espoir)|first=|last=farid|date=11 October 2015|publisher=}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|264075}} * Oussama Abdeldjelil – French league stats at Ligue 2 (in French) – English translation [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Aljeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1993]] 9dfu5vb9c0nijuu3yt7ajf5sgb4ut7f 0 47724 892704 249817 2026-08-07T23:40:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Moira Gatens''' [[Australian Academy of the Humanities|FAHA]] [[Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia|FASSA]] masaniyar falsafar mata ce ta ilimi a Australiya kuma Farfesa Challis ta Falsafa a [[Jami'ar Sydney]]. Ta taɓa riƙe shugabancin Spinoza a Jami'ar Amsterdam, Netherlands. == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Aikin ilimi === Gatens ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Australiya a cikin 2011. An naɗa ta a matsayinta na yanzu a matsayin Challis Farfesa ta Falsafa a 2012.<ref name=Gatens2>{{cite web |author = |title = CfH Lectures, Speakers, Moira Gatens|url =http://cfh-lectures.hum.uu.nl/moira-gatens/|publisher =Utrecht University, Netherlands|accessdate = 8 January 2018 |date = 27 May 2010}}</ref><ref name=Gatens3>{{cite web |author = |title = Professor Moira Gatens|url =http://sydney.edu.au/arts/philosophy/staff/profiles/moira.gatens.php|publisher =University of Sydney, Australia|accessdate = 8 January 2018 |date = 11 April 2013}}</ref> An zaɓi Gatens Fellow na Academy of Social Sciences a Australia a 1999<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Academy Fellow: Professor Moira Gatens FASSA, FAHA|url=https://socialsciences.org.au/academy-fellow/?sId=0032v000033l9VUAAY|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-07|website=Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia|language=en-US}}</ref> da kuma na Australian Academy of Humanities a 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Fellows: Moira Gatens|url=https://www.humanities.org.au/fellows/fellows/?find_contact_id=3014|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-07|website=Australian Academy of the Humanities|language=en-AU}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Wallafe-wallafen da aka zaɓa == * ''Feminism da Falsafa: Ra'ayoyi akan Bambance-bambance da Daidaituwar'' United Kingdom, Press Polity, 1991  * ''Halayen Hasashen: Da'a, Ƙarfi da Ƙarfafawa'' . Ƙasar Ingila: Routledge, 1996. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0415082105|978-0415082105]] * ''Fassarar Mata na Benedict Spinoza'' . Amurka: Jami'ar Jihar Pennsylvania ta Press, 2009. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780271035161|9780271035161]] * ''Hanyar Spinoza Zuwa 'Yanci'' . Assen, Netherlands, Royal Van Gorcum, 2011. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9789023249399|9789023249399]] == Kara karantawa == * {{Cite journal|last=Walsh|first=Mary|date=2004-07-01|title=Twenty years since 'a critique of the sex/gender distinction': a conversation with Moira Gatens|journal=Australian Feminist Studies|volume=19|issue=44|pages=213–224|doi=10.1080/0816464042000226447|s2cid=145425374|issn=0816-4649}} *[[Feminist Legal Studies]]: ''Revisiting the Continental Shelf: Moira Gatens on Law, Religion, and Human Rights in Eliot, Feuerbach, and Spinoza''. {{doi|10.1007/s10691-011-9167-4}} *Laurie, Timothy (2019), 'Thinking Without Monsters: The Role of Philosophy in Moira Gatens' <ref>{{Citation | title= Thinking Without Monsters: The Role of Philosophy in Moira Gatens | first= Timothy | last= Laurie | journal= Parrhesia: A Journal of Critical Philosophy | year= 2019 | volume= 30 | url= https://www.academia.edu/35991434}}</ref> *Richardson-Self, Louise (2019), 'Reflections on Imagination and Embodiment in the Work of Moira Gatens, 1983-2008' <ref>{{Citation | title= Reflections on Imagination and Embodiment in the Work of Moira Gatens, 1983-2008 | first= Louise | last= Richardson-Self| journal= Parrhesia: A Journal of Critical Philosophy | year= 2019 | volume= 30 | url= https://www.academia.edu/37722573}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://sydney.edu.au/arts/philosophy/staff/profiles/moira.gatens.php Moira Gatens] a Jami'ar Sydney {{Authority control}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1954]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 31bbpdocq7l8jzx75pgnt5qqp0tsbqx 0 49197 892748 705657 2026-08-08T05:55:21Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 892748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Griqua_Tokens_resized.png|alt=A Set of Griqua Tokens|right|500x500px| Saitin Griqua Token]] '''Tsabar kudin Griqua''' ita ce tsabar kudin al'umma ta farko a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Engelbrecht|first1=CL|title=Money in South Africa}}</ref> kuma Ƙungiyar Mishan ta London ta gabatar da ita. == Tarihin Griquatown == [[File:Griquatown_-_Griqua_1820_SA.jpg|right|frameless]] Griquatown yana cikin lardin Arewacin Cape na Afirka ta Kudu. Garin, wanda a da ake kira Klaarwater, an kafa shi a cikin Afrilu 1805 ta ɗan mishan William Anderson na Ƙungiyar Mishan ta London . <ref>Schoeman, Karel. The Mission at Griquatown 1801-1821</ref> Griqua, ƙungiya ce ta kabilanci da al'ada, ta samo asali ne daga auratayya da alaƙar jima'i tsakanin 'yan asalin Khoikhoi, iyayen bayi da mazan Turawa. Sun kira kansu a matsayin Bastaard da sauransu. Ƙungiyar Bastaard, masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje suka rinjaye su, suka zauna a Klaarwater. A lokacin ziyararsa a garin a ranar 7 ga Agusta 1813 John Campbell, Daraktan Kungiyar Mishan ta London ya yi tunanin sunan Bastaard ya zama abin ban haushi. Campbell ya ba da shawarar su ɗauki sunan Griqua, cin hanci da rashawa na sunan kakanninsu na [http://www.sawestcoast.com/history.html ChariGuriQua] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525053337/http://www.sawestcoast.com/history.html |date=2023-05-25 }} . A yayin wannan taron an canza sunan Klaarwater zuwa Garin Griqua. <ref>Travels in S Africa (1815) Rev John Campbell</ref> == Siyasa da ciniki == Griquas na farko wanda ya ƙunshi galibin iyalai na Bastaard sun ƙaura kusan 1780 daga yankin arewacin yankin Cape don zama tare da Kogin Orange . Iyalan Kok da Barends masu ƙarfi, dukansu tare da ɗimbin yawa, sun kafa tsakiyar al'ummar Griqua. Ko da yake iyalan Kok da Barends mai yiwuwa ne ke kula da al'amuran Griquas waɗanda suka zauna tare da su, ƙungiyoyi masu cin gashin kansu sun kafa a yankin. John Mellville, wakilin mai wa’azi a ƙasashen waje, ya yi nazarin waɗannan rukunoni kuma ya lura cewa ɗayan rukunin ya ƙaru daga wataƙila iyalai 3 zuwa 4 na Griqua zuwa sama da 40 tsakanin 1817 zuwa 1823. Baƙi kuma sun zauna a yankin, suna kafa da'awar maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da kwanon rufi yayin da suke riƙe alaƙa da jagorancin Griqua. Griquas sun kasance manyan 'yan kasuwa waɗanda suka fahimci manufar kuɗi, suna aiki a matsayin 'yan tsaka-tsaki tsakanin mulkin mallaka da al'ummomin arewa. An gudanar da cinikayya ta yau da kullun a bajekolin kasuwanci da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta shirya, yayin da cinikin haramtacciyar hanya da ’yan mulkin mallaka ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. == Griquatown tsabar kudi == [[File:John_Campbell_(missionary)01.jpg|alt=Travels in South Africa - John Campbell|right|frameless| Tafiya a Afirka ta Kudu - John Campbell]] An gabatar da tsabar kudin Griqua zuwa Griquatown, Afirka ta Kudu kusan 1817-1818 ta Ƙungiyar Mishan ta London. Wannan ita ce fitowar farko da aka sani na kudin da Kiristoci mishaneri suka yi a Afirka ta Kudu. Kungiyar Mishan ta [[Landan]] ta kira tsabar kudin a matsayin alamu kuma an tsara ta a cikin ƙungiyoyi huɗu: 1/4 da 1/2 pence cikin jan karfe, da <big>ɪɪɪɪɪ</big> (5) da pence 10 a azurfa. A taron na 7 Agusta 1813 an tattauna wasu batutuwa daban-daban, ciki har da tsabar kudi, inda "Haka kuma aka yanke shawarar cewa tunda ba su da wata hanyar zagayawa a cikinsu da za su iya siyan kowace karamar kasida, kamar wukake, almakashi, da sauransu. suna zaton wani shago da za a kafa a tsakaninsu - wanda suka damu ya kamata a samu - sai su kasance. nemi Ƙungiyar Mishan don samun kuɗin azurfa na ƙima daban-daban da aka yi musu a Ingila, waɗanda Mishan za su karɓi alawus ɗin su daga Society, suna da sunan garin Griqua. Mai yiyuwa ne idan aka karvi wannan a cikin kankanin lokaci za su yi ta yawo a cikin dukkan al'ummomi, kuma su zama mafi dacewa"<ref name="Stuart">{{cite journal|last1=Carroll & Stuart|date=2017|title=The Failed Community Coinage of Griqualand}}</ref> Abubuwan da ke faruwa a Cape na nufin ƙarancin ƙarancin kuɗin da aka zagaya a Griquatown da kewaye. Kasuwancin Griqua an yi shi ne ta hanyar barter, beads da rixdollars. Wannan yanayin dole ne ya sa John Campbell ya ba da shawarar tsabar kudin gundumar Griqua.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2018}} == Siyan kudin shiga na Griquatown == A taron mako-mako na Daraktocin Ƙungiyar Mishan ta London da aka yi a ranar 15 ga Janairu 1816, ya kasance. "An yanke shawarar cewa Gentlemen masu zuwa su zama kwamiti don yin la'akari da mafi kyawun yanayin samar da tsabar kudi na Azurfa don Griqua Town vizt Messrs Campbell, Muston, Steven & Bateman". Watanni biyu bayan haka, a taron da Daraktoci da aka yi a dakunan taronsu na tsohuwar Yahudawa a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 1816, ya kasance. ''"An yanke shawarar cewa za a zabi £ 100 don tsabar kudi na Azurfa a matsayin cibiyar watsa labarai a garin Griqua da kewayenta a Afirka - cewa wannan kasuwancin a koma Messrs Bateman da Muston" [1'' A ranar 10 ga Mayu 1816 a taron shekara-shekara na 22 (wanda ya shafi lokacin 1815/1816) na Ƙungiyar Mishan ta London, an ba da rahoton cewa. "Al'umma ta taimaka wa al'umma ta taimaka wa jama'a, masu biyan kudi wanda, ba shi da kuɗi (don kuɗi ba a sani ba a cikin duniyar da za a sayar da su don amfanin al'umma. …Domin magance wahalhalun da jama’a ke fama da su, (waɗanda a yanzu suka sami ci gaba mai yawa a cikin wayewa,) ta hanyar neman hanyar zagayawa, Daraktoci yanzu suna sayo musu tsabar kuɗi na azurfa.” 15 Yuli 1816 ya kasance "An yanke shawarar cewa £ 200 a cikin Coins [wanda aka yi ta hanyar] Alamu don amfani… a matsayin hauhawar farashin kaya… Za a tura garin Griqua zuwa Cape of Good Hope maimakon £ 100 kawai - kamar yadda aka ba da umarni." An maye gurbin kalmar Coins da Tokens. Dole ne hauhawar farashin da aka ambata ya dogara ne akan rashin aikin Rixdollar a Cape, kamar yadda hauhawar farashin kaya a Biritaniya ya kasance -8.4%. A taron da aka yi a ranar 21 ga Oktoba 1816 an rubuta cewa "An ba da umarnin biyan waɗannan takaddun kudi…William Westall…Silver Tokens £191.12" Mintunan Gidan Gidan LMS sun rubuta cewa a taron ranar 23 ga Disamba 1816 ya kasance ''"Ya yanke shawarar cewa wannan Al'umma ta biya Mista Bateman saboda asarar da ya yi a sakamakon sace yaronsa da yawa na Azurfa, don Tokens, da yardar rai ta hanyar Mista Bateman don amfani da Settlement a GriquaTown" [1'' A cikin juzu'i mai zuwa, an rubuta cewa a wani taro na Daraktoci a ranar 27 ga Janairu 1817 "An zaɓe jimlar £49 ga Mista Bateman a ranar 23 ga Disamba na ƙarshe don biyan diyya ga asarar da ya yi, ta hanyar fashin yaronsa. na Azurfa, don Alamu, da aka yi umarni" Rajistar gudummawar don Ƙungiyar Mishan ta London na tsawon Maris 1816 zuwa Maris 1817 ta ba da rahoton "Kudi a Musanya don Griqua Tokens, kowane Mr Langton - £ 3.8.0" (David Langton shi ne mataimakin sakatare kuma ma'ajin na Ofishin Jakadancin London. Al'umma a wannan lokacin). Ana tsammanin an sayar da alamun ga mai tarawa. Wannan labarin ya nuna mana daraktocin LMS sun shiga kuma sun amince da siyan Griquatown Coinage. == Zuwan Afirka ta Kudu == A ranar 21 ga Yuli 1817 PF Hammes da R. Beck (wakilan LMS a [[Cape Town]]) suka aika da wasiƙa zuwa ga David Langton. Wani sashi daga cikin wasikar yana cewa: ''“Yallabai, mun amince da karbar naka mai kwanan wata 20 ga Maris da ya gabata kuma muna da farin cikin dawowa don Amsa, cewa mun karbi kararrakin guda biyu, dauke da kananan nau’in Silver Specie da Copper cikin tsari mai kyau, kuma za mu yi aiki da su kamar yadda niyya da fatan Al’umma”.'' Wannan shine kawai sanannen rikodin inda aka ambaci alamun jan karfe. A ziyararsa ta biyu a Afirka ta Kudu, John Campbell ya sake ziyartar tashar mishan na Griqua kuma ya lura a cikin littafinsa a ranar 8 ga Agusta 1820: ''"The Landdrost (Andries Stockenstroom) yayi tunanin yana da mahimmanci don kafa sadarwa ta yau da kullum tsakanin Griquatown da Graaff Reynet; Har ila yau, ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da gwamnati don takunkumi ga ƙaddamar da kuɗin Griqua a gundumar Graaff Reynet da Beaufort."'' (Yankunan biyu sun kasance ɓangare na Cape Colony, yayin da Griquatown ba) Bayan 'yan kwanaki, a ranar 12 ga Agusta, Campbell ya rubuta: ''"An tattauna kuma akan tsabar kudin.'' ''Sun ce idan zai wuce a cikin mulkin mallaka Griquas zai ɗauka da sauri.'' ''Na yi alƙawarin zan nemi Gwamna don ya ba da izinin wucewa a gundumomin Graaff-reynet da Beaufort. "'' == bayarwa == Heinrich Helm, ɗan mishan mazaunin Griquatown, a wata wasiƙa mai kwanan wata 21 ga Yuni 1821 zuwa ga wakilin LMS a Afirka ta Kudu, Dokta John Philip, ya rubuta: ''"Mafi girman ɓangaren kuɗin Griqua har yanzu shine dukiyar Al'umma wanda Br. Anderson lokacin da ya bar mu zuwa kulawa ta.'' ''Kamar yadda Mista Campbell ya yi tunanin cewa Br. Anderson ya jefar da kuɗaɗen azurfar akan farashi mai rahusa, na tambaye shi ya sanar da ni ainihin ƙimar kowane nau'i wanda ya yi alkawarin zai yi, amma har yanzu ban sami amsa ba, don haka har yanzu yana cikina. mallaka.'' ''Ya kamata in yi farin ciki idan kai, Yallabai, za ka sami alheri ka sanar da ni abin da zan yi da shi."'' Wannan shine kawai rikodin tsabar kudin da ake bayarwa. Ba a san yadda aka tantance adadin ba. Ko tsabar kuɗin da aka taɓa zagayawa shima jigo ne na muhawara mai yawa. Ba a taɓa samun rikodin asusu ta amfani da tsabar kudin Griqua ba. Griqua Coinage ita ce tsabar kudin Afirka ta Kudu ta farko mai cin gashin kanta kuma ta zama muhimmin bangare na tarihin adadi na Afirka ta Kudu. == Takaitawa bisa takaddun zamani == 1) An fara tattauna batun Griqua coinage a watan Agusta 1813 tsakanin mai girma John Campbell da Griquas a Klaarwater (Griquatown). Tunani na farko shine a ba wa ’yan mishan kuɗin kuɗin a matsayin wani ɓangare na alawus ɗinsu. Masu mishan ɗin za su ba da kuɗin kuɗin zuwa Griquas don biyan kuɗin ƙananan kayan. 2) A cikin Janairu 1816 an kafa kwamitin Griqua coinage a hedkwatar LMS a London. 3) A cikin Afrilu 1816, kwamitin ya yanke shawarar cewa za a zabi fam 100 don tsabar kudin da za a yi amfani da shi azaman hanyar zagayawa a Garin Griqua. A ranar 15 ga Yuli 1816 an soke wannan shawarar kuma adadin ya karu zuwa £ 200. 4) A cikin Oktoba 1816 an ba da umarnin biyan LMS lissafin da ya shafi tsabar kudin akan adadin £191.12 5 Taimako na LMS-rejista na tsawon Maris 1816 zuwa Maris 1817 ya ba da rahoton cewa an sayi Griqua coinage zuwa darajar fam 3 da shilling 8 daga jama'a kafin a tura yawancin zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. 6) A cikin Yuli 1817 wakilin LMS a Cape Town ya tabbatar da cewa duka tsabar tagulla da azurfa sun isa Afirka ta Kudu. 7) A cikin Agusta 1820, Reverend John Campbell ya lura cewa zai nemi Gwamnatin Cape don sanya takunkumin wucewar kudin Griqua a cikin Cape Colony. Idan haka ne takunkumi, ya lura cewa Griquas zai ɗauki tsabar kudi da sauri. 8) A cikin Yuni 1821 an ba da rahoton cewa mafi girman ɓangaren kuɗin Griqua har yanzu yana hannun tashar manufa a Griquatown kuma an jefa ƙaramin ɓangaren tsabar kuɗin azurfa ga Griquas a daidai lokacin da ba daidai ba. == Darikoki == [[File:GT12.png|frameless]] '''Tagulla Quarter "Pence''' " : Na dabam: Kurciya tana tashi da reshen zaitun a baki. Juya: ¼ tare da rubutu GRIQUA (a sama) GARIN (a ƙasa da kife). Matsakaicin diamita: 20.76&nbsp;mm. Matsakaicin kauri: 1.33&nbsp;mm. Matsakaicin nauyi: 3.63 g. Gefen: Reeded kusan a tsaye. [[File:GT2.png|frameless]] '''Rabin Tagulla "Pence"''' : Wuta: Kurciya tana tashi da reshen zaitun a baki. Juya: ½ tare da rubutu GRIQUA (a sama) GARIN (a ƙasa da kife). Matsakaicin diamita: 24.86&nbsp;mm. Matsakaicin kauri: 1.46&nbsp;mm. Matsakaicin nauyi: 6.20 g. Gefen: Reeded kusan a tsaye. [[File:GT5.png|frameless]] '''Azurfa Biyar''' "Pence" : Kurciya tana tashi da reshen zaitun a baki. Juyawa: IIIII tsakanin layi biyu a sama da ƙasa tare da rubutu GRIQUA (sama) GARIN (a ƙasa da juye). Matsakaicin diamita: 20.96 mm. Matsakaicin kauri: 0.66 mm. Matsakaicin nauyi: 2.37 g. Edge: Reeded obliquely [[File:Griqua_ten.png|frameless]] '''Azurfa Goma na "Pence"''' : Kurciya tana tashi da reshen zaitun a baki. Juya: 10 tsakanin layi biyu sama da ƙasa tare da rubutu GRIQUA (sama) GARIN (a ƙasa da juye). Matsakaicin diamita: 25.90&nbsp;mm. Matsakaicin kauri: 1.06&nbsp;mm. Matsakaicin nauyi: 4.90 g. Gefen: Reeded a fili Hern ya ba da rahoto da yawa nau'i-nau'i, alal misali, "pens" biyar da goma da aka buga a cikin tagulla da rabi "pens" a cikin gubar da kuma jan karfe. == Nassoshi == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.samint.co.za/ Mint na Afirka ta Kudu] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ifr90tlwx08s8hmlr09a7n03rbo993o 0 49914 892625 470501 2026-08-07T18:03:58Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Manazarta */ 892625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Still Standing at St. Paul's.jpg|thumb|wani waje na Victor Ehikhamentor]] '''Victor Ehikhamenor''' ƙwararren ɗan wasan Najeriya ne, marubuci kuma mai suka. Ayyukansa na fasaha sun haɗa da zane-zane, sassaka, shigarwa, da kafofin watsa labaru masu gauraya. Ayyukan Ehikhamenor suna bincika jigogi na ainihi, ruhi, da al'amuran zamantakewa, galibi suna haɗa alamomi da abubuwa daga ƙayatarwa na gargajiyar Najeriya. An san shi da tsattsauran tsarinsa, da ƙarfin yin amfani da launi, da hotuna masu jawo tunani. An baje kolin fasahar Ehikhamenor a duk duniya kuma ya ba da gudummawa wajen tsara jawabin fasaha na zamani na Afirka. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} Ehikhamenor was born in Udomi-Uwessan, [[Edo State]], [[Nigeria]], part of the ancient [[Benin Kingdom]], known for its historical bronze-casting tradition. He was educated in Nigeria and in the United States. He returned from the United States in 2008 to work in [[Lagos]]. His grandmother was a cloth weaver, his uncle a photographer, his maternal grandfather a blacksmith, and his mother a local artist.<ref name="maverick" /> riusv0sjxa0y4t8vrpd6h9qz49eydo7 0 56597 892622 892348 2026-08-07T17:51:49Z Baffa ali 47435 892622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Esuk Anwang''' ƙauyen [[Mutanen Oron|Effiat]] ne a cikin ƙaramar hukumar [[Mbo (Nijeriya)|Mbo]] a [[Akwa Ibom|jihar Akwa Ibom]] a [[Najeriya]]. A kwai sashen gudanar wa.{{stub}} {{Reflist}} {{coord missing|Nigeria}} [[Category:Places in Oron Nation]] [[Category:Villages in Akwa Ibom State]] {{AkwaIbom-geo-stub}} f5u6suioz0pgvfdke604nax8btwy2xl 0 56644 892621 428838 2026-08-07T17:48:04Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Manazarta */ 892621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Gari ne da yake a karkashin jahar Andhra Pradesh wadda take a kudancin kasar indiya wanda Kuma birnin yana a yankin Rayalaseema. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[File:SA Rajampet.jpg|thumb|10-story tall statue of Annamacharya located at the entrance of Tallapaka.]] Annamacharya is traditionally believed to have composed around 32,000 sankirtanas dedicated primarily to Lord Venkateswara, though only a portion of these compositions survive today.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=A. D. |title=TTD to popularise 270 Annamayya Sankeertans |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ttd-to-popularise-270-annamayya-sankeertans/article66478157.ece |work=The Hindu |date=2023-02-07 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Khandrika |first=Gautami |title=How Annamacharya kirtanas are a treasure trove of emotions |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/how-annamacharya-kirtanas-are-a-treasure-trove-of-emotions/article68681161.ece |work=The Hindu |date=2024-09-26 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref>[[Kirtan|samkirtana]]s (songs) on the praise of Venkateswara of which only about 12,000 are available today. He is also the author of musical treatise called ''"Saṁkīrtana Lakṣaṇamu"''.<ref name="Source of his history">{{cite web|url=http://www.svasa.org/annamacharya1.html |title=Life and Times of Sri Tallapaka Annamacharya |publisher=Svasa.org |access-date=2013-06-20}}</ref> Annamacharya viewed his devotional compositions as spiritual offerings to Lord Venkateswara, expressing surrender, devotion, philosophical reflection, and divine love through poetry and music.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Ranee |title=Venkat Garikapati: Celebration of Annamacharya’s devotion |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/venkat-garikapati-celebration-of-annamacharyas-devotion/article17867246.ece |work=The Hindu |date=2017-04-07 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Staff |first=Reporter |title=The essence of Annamacharya |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/featured/sunday-hans/the-essence-of-annamacharya-734172 |work=The Hans India |date=2022-03-20 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> In the poems, he praises the deity, describes his love for him, argues and quarrels with the deity, confesses the devotee's failures and apprehensions, and surrenders himself to Venkateswara. His compositions are broadly classified into Adhyatma (spiritual-philosophical) and Shringara (devotional-romantic) categories, reflecting both metaphysical devotion and poetic expressions centred on Lord Venkateswara and Goddess Alamelu Manga.<ref>{{cite news |last=Reviewer |title=Drawing a parallel between Annamacharya and Tyagaraja compositions |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/sarvani-sangeetha-sabha-tyagayya-annamayya-sangitarchana-vlv-sudharsan-and-calcutta-vn-shankar-ragasudha-hall/article66842057.ece |work=The Hindu |date=2023-05-12 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Srikanth |first=Rupa |title=Tamrapatra series decodes Annamayya kritis for dance |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/tamrapatra-series-decodes-annamayya-kritis-for-dance/article65234051.ece |work=The Hindu |date=2022-03-17 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> His songs in the ''sringara'' genre worship Venkateswara by describing the romantic adventures of the deity and his consort [[Alamelu]], while others describe the ''[[bhakti]]'' of his devotees. In his later Samkeertanas, he espouses subjects such as [[morality]], [[dharma]], and [[righteousness]].Several scholars and cultural commentators describe Annamacharya as an early social reformer whose compositions emphasised spiritual equality beyond caste and social divisions.<ref>{{cite news |last=Staff |first=Reporter |title=Saint poet Annamacharya was a crusader against caste barriers, says TTD Chairman |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/saint-annamacharya-was-a-crusader-against-caste-barriers-says-ttd-chairman/article67303647.ece |work=The Hindu |date=2023-09-13 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref>Scholars say Annamacharya was a social reformer<ref>{{cite news |last=Staff |first=Reporter |title=Annamayya paved the way for egalitarian society |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/annamayya-paved-the-way-for-egalitarian-society/article6992228.ece |work=The Hindu |date=2015-03-14 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> in his era,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2000/07/14/stories/10140906.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604150031/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2000/07/14/stories/10140906.htm |archive-date=4 June 2011 |location=Chennai, India |date=14 July 2000 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=All are equal before God |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> with his samkirtanas explaining that the relationship between God and humans is the same irrespective of the latter's colour, caste and financial status, Compositions such as ‘Brahmam Okate’ are frequently cited for promoting the idea of universal spiritual equality irrespective of caste, wealth, or social status.<ref>{{cite news |last=Khandrika |first=Gautami |title=How Annamacharya kirtanas are a treasure trove of emotions |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/how-annamacharya-kirtanas-are-a-treasure-trove-of-emotions/article68681161.ece |work=The Hindu |date=2024-09-26 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Staff |first=Reporter |title=Annamayya paved the way for egalitarian society |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/annamayya-paved-the-way-for-egalitarian-society/article6992228.ece |work=The Hindu |date=2015-03-14 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/02/05/stories/2005020515030300.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050210030433/http://www.hindu.com/2005/02/05/stories/2005020515030300.htm | archive-date=10 February 2005 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=A classical touch to Annamayya kritis | date=5 February 2005}}</ref> lhof759g7n7hdtdee6jni95h2xhl6f2 0 63849 892623 452825 2026-08-07T17:53:55Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Manazarta */ 892623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Emma ta sami digirinta na farko a fannin lissafi a Kwalejin Swarthmore a 1916 kuma ta yi aiki a Kwalejin Smith a matsayin mai baje kolin astronomy<ref name=":0" /> /mathematics<ref name=":1" />na tsawon shekara guda kafin ta sami aiki a kamfanin inshora a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo.A cikin 1927,bayan da ta sami Fellowship Whitney da Bartol Scholarship, ta shiga cikin ilimin taurari a Kwalejin Radcliffe (yanzu ɓangare na Harvard).<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|url-status=255–258}}</ref>A can,ta yi aiki tare da Cecilia Payne a kan "madaidaicin layin layi na hydrogen da ionized calcium a cikin jerin bakan."<ref name=":0" />{{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1975]] Emma earned her bachelor's degree in mathematics at [[Swarthmore College]] in 1916<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Oakes |first=Elizabeth H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uPRB-OED1bcC&dq=Emma+Vyssotsky+october+1894&pg=PA745 |title=Encyclopedia of World Scientists |date=2007 |publication-place=New York |publisher=Facts on File |others=Library Genesis |isbn=978-0-8160-6158-7 |pages=745–746}} (also available on [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00oake archive.org]</ref> and worked at [[Smith College]] as an astronomy<ref name=":0" />/mathematics<ref name=":1" /> demonstrator for a year before finding work at an insurance company as an [[actuary]]. In 1927, after receiving a Whitney Fellowship and a Bartol Scholarship, she enrolled in astronomy at [[Radcliffe College]] (now part of Harvard).<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last=Broughton |first=Peter |title=Education Notes: A Photograph of Nine Young Women Astronomers at Harvard College Observatory in 1928 |journal=Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada |year=2002 |volume=96 |issue=6 |pages=255–258 |bibcode=2002JRASC..96..255B |format=PDF |access-date=July 16, 2021 |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/2002JRASC..96..255B}}</ref> There, she worked with [[Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin|Cecilia Payne]] on the "spectral line contours of hydrogen and ionized calcium throughout the spectral sequence."<ref name=":0" /> Emma received her [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] in astronomy from [[Harvard College]] in 1930 for her dissertation titled, ''A [[Spectrophotometry|Spectrophotometric]] Study of A Stars''.<ref name=":0" /> At the time, she was only the third individual to be awarded a PhD in astronomy from Harvard.<ref name=":1" /> She followed her husband, astronomer [[Alexander N. Vyssotsky]], to the [[University of Virginia]], where he was offered a professorship; she was offered an instructor position.<ref name=":1" /> She spent her astronomy career at the [[McCormick Observatory]] at the university,<ref name=":0" /> where her specialty was the motion of [[star]]s and the [[kinematics]] of the [[Milky Way]]. The couple worked together. <blockquote>[They were] studying stellar parallaxes by applying trigonometric functions to observations made on multiple photographic exposures. They discovered many of these parallaxes by attaching a special objective prism to the observatory's astrograph. Their research led to accurate calculations of stellar motions and the determination of the structure of galaxies.<ref name=":1" /></blockquote>She worked at the observatory "for more than a dozen years" before the university promoted her to professor in 1945, but by then she had taken a medical leave of absence after contracting a debilitating illness, [[Brucellosis|Malta Fever]], which restricted her activities. Still, she continued to publish.<ref name=":1" /> mx1pwnpqvnyzu6uq9obp37gts36vs57 0 64329 892722 736073 2026-08-08T03:08:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] == Rayuwa ta sirri == [[Fayil:Dr Nana Anima Wiafe Akenten, Ghanaian media practitioner and lecturer.jpg|thumb|Nana Anima Wiafe-Akenten]] W,iafe-Akenten daga Atwima-Ofoase ce a [[yankin Ashanti]] take.<ref name=":0"/> Dakta Anima ta taso ne a cikin dangin masana ilimi. Ta auri Dr. Charles B. Wiafe-Akenten, wanda kuma Malama ce a Sashen ilimin halin ɗan Adam na Jami'ar Ghana.<ref name=":0"/> Yaranta na farko, Dr Michael Wiafe-Kwagyan, malami ne a Sashen Kimiyyar Tsirrai a wannan cibiyar.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Nuhu Billa |first1=Hadiza |title=Nana Anima Wiafe-Akenten - First PhD holder in Twi |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/nana-anima-wiafe-akenten-first-phd-holder-in-twi.html |accessdate=31 August 2017 |website=graphic ghana |publisher=}}</ref> Tana da 'ya'ya mata uku Nana Adwoa, Awo Asantewaa, da Ohenemaa Wiafewaa.<ref name=":0"/> == Ilimi == Wiafe-Akenten ta yi karatun sakandare a makarantar sakandare ta St. Roses, [[Akwatia]] a [[Yankin Gabashi (Ghana)|yankin Gabashin]] Ghana tsakanin shekarun 1991 zuwa 1993.<ref name=":0"/> Ta halarci Jami'ar Ghana a digirinta na farko, inda ta kammala karatun digiri tare da Bachelor of Arts in Linguistics and [[Gidan wasan kwaikwayo|Theater Arts]] (Theater for Extension Communication) a shekara ta 1995.<ref name=":0"/> Ta sami Digiri na Doctorate daga Jami'ar Ghana a watan Yuli, 2017 a cikin Nazarin Harshen Ghana (Akan Linguistics - Media Disccourse).<ref name=":0"/> Musamman ma, ta rubuta kasidarta akan Modern usage of Akan on radio and TV ({{Lang|tw|Sɛ dea wɔde akan kasa dzi dwuma enɛ mbre yi wɔ radio ne TV so}}) a cikin yaren Twi, wanda ta fara yin haka. A cewarta, babban ƙalubalen rubuta takardar ilimi a cikin Twi shine daidai fassarar fassarori da kalmomi na rubutun kimiyya daga Ingilishi.<ref name=":0" /> According to her, the main challenge of writing an academic paper in Twi was correctly translating quotations and terminology of [[scientific writing]] from English.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Citation|last=MyJoyOnline TV|title=Studying Local Language - News Desk on Joy News (4-8-17)|date=2017-08-04|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFFzH3mj0VU|access-date=2019-03-21}}</ref> == Aikin Media == Ta yi aiki a gidan talabijin na GTV, daga shekarun 2003 zuwa 2013.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2017-07-30 |title=Nana Anima Wiafe-Akenten becomes first PhD holder in Twi |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/nana-anima-wiafe-akenten-becomes-first-phd-holder-in-twi/p18w1kw |access-date=2019-03-19 |website=pulse ghana |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090532/https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/nana-anima-wiafe-akenten-becomes-first-phd-holder-in-twi/p18w1kw |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kuma shirya wani shiri mai suna ''Amammerefie'' a gidan rediyon gida, Asempa FM tsakanin shekarun 2008 zuwa 2010.2013.<ref name=":0" /> Bugu da ƙari, ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar labarai na [[Yaren Akan|Akan]] a Top Radio da Radio Universe duk a [[Accra]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"/> == Ayyukan zamantakewa == Wiafe-Akenten ta kafa gidauniyar Language Watch Foundation don taimakawa wajen dakile amfani da kalaman batanci.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"/> Ta na kan aiwatar da kafa Cibiyar Yaɗa Labarai ta Nananom don horar da mutane dabarun rubutun Twi, zaɓar kalmomi, magana da jama'a, amfani da karin magana na Twi da kalmomin camfi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"/> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 09jrs3q46xflimrybxygusou3258yjq 0 64529 892765 577659 2026-08-08T06:06:41Z Baffa ali 47435 892765 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Deiver Andrés Machado Mena''' (an haife shi 2 ga watan Satumba Shekara ta 1993) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Colombia wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai wasan baya na hagu ko na hagu don ƙungiyar Lens ta Ligue 1 da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Colombia.{{stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1993]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] hopg9v510wc39nnogxf9nd8nqcuyd6d 892766 892765 2026-08-08T06:10:54Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Manazarta */ 892766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Deiver Andrés Machado Mena''' (an haife shi 2 ga watan Satumba Shekara ta 1993) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Colombia wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai wasan baya na hagu ko na hagu don ƙungiyar Lens ta Ligue 1 da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Colombia.{{stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1993]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] Machado was born in [[Tadó]], in the [[Chocó Department]] of [[Colombia]], on 2 September 1993.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/mercato-recrue-deiver-machado-rclens-20210707 |title=Deiver Machado est lensois |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=7 July 2021 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> He came through the academy of [[Atlético Nacional]] in [[Medellín]], making his professional debut for the club in 2013 and making 2 appearances in that season's [[Categoría Primera A]], the same year he won both the Apertura and Clausura league titles and a national cup with the side.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/72006/Deiver_Machado.html |title=Deiver Machado |website=National-Football-Teams.com |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.infobae.com/colombia/deportes/2026/07/02/esta-es-la-historia-de-deiver-machado-figura-de-la-seleccion-colombia-en-el-mundial-2026/ |title=Este es Déiver Machado, el debutante de Colombia en el Mundial 2026 |website=Infobae Colombia |language=es |date=2 July 2026 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> In 2014, he was loaned to [[Alianza Petrolera]] — listed in club records as [[Alianza FC]] — where he made 28 appearances in the [[Categoría Primera A]] without scoring, before returning to Atlético Nacional and subsequently joining [[Millonarios F.C.|Millonarios]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/72006/Deiver_Machado.html |title=Deiver Machado |website=National-Football-Teams.com |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.noticiascaracol.com/golcaracol/colombianos-en-el-exterior/jugador-de-seleccion-colombia-tiene-nuevo-equipo-firmo-hasta-junio-2028 |title=Jugador de Selección Colombia tiene nuevo equipo; firmó hasta junio 2028 |website=Noticias Caracol |language=es |date=7 December 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> === Millonarios === Machado signed for [[Millonarios F.C.|Millonarios]] of [[Bogotá]] on 31 December 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/mercato-recrue-deiver-machado-rclens-20210707 |title=Deiver Machado est lensois |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=7 July 2021 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> He established himself as first-choice left-back across three seasons in the [[Liga Águila]], making 32 appearances in 2015, 29 in 2016 and a further 26 before his departure in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://colombia.as.com/resultados/ficha/deportista/deiver_machado/28961/ |title=Deiver Machado: estadísticas, trayectoria y palmarés |website=AS Colombia |language=es |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> He scored his first competitive goal for Millonarios on 20 March 2017 against [[Independiente Santa Fe]] at [[El Campín]], netting the third in a 3–0 league victory — his goal completing a scoreline opened by [[Andrés Cadavid]] and [[Ayron del Valle]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/472166/millonarios-atletico-nacional |title=Millonarios 3-0 Independiente Santa Fe |website=ESPN |date=20 March 2017 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.co.cr/futbol/colombia/nota/_/id/3038541 |title=Nacional, Cali y Millonarios festejaron en la fecha de clásicos |website=ESPN Colombia |language=es |date=20 March 2017 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> He scored a second league goal for the club later in the 2017 [[2017 Categoría Primera A season|Apertura]] season before Millonarios went on to win the [[2017 Categoría Primera A season|2017 Torneo Finalización]], their fifteenth national title, defeating crosstown rivals [[Independiente Santa Fe]] in an all-[[Bogotá]] final.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://colombia.as.com/resultados/ficha/deportista/deiver_machado/28961/ |title=Deiver Machado: estadísticas, trayectoria y palmarés |website=AS Colombia |language=es |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> He left the club in July 2017 to join [[K.A.A. Gent]] in [[Belgium]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/mercato-recrue-deiver-machado-rclens-20210707 |title=Deiver Machado est lensois |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=7 July 2021 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> === Gent and loan back to Atlético Nacional (2017–2020) === In July 2017, Machado moved to Europe for the first time, signing a four-year contract with [[K.A.A. Gent]] in the [[Belgian Pro League]], becoming the eleventh Colombian player to compete in the Belgian top flight.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://colombia.as.com/colombia/2017/07/18/futbol/1500341561_231993.html |title=Bélgica prefiere colombiano: Machado llega al Gent |website=AS Colombia |language=es |date=18 July 2017 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> He made his debut for the club on 6 August 2017, starting at home against [[Royal Antwerp F.C.|Royal Antwerp]] at the [[Ghelamco Arena]] — a 0–1 defeat in the opening round of the [[2017–18 Belgian First Division A|2017–18 Jupiler Pro League]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/mercato-recrue-deiver-machado-rclens-20210707 |title=Deiver Machado est lensois |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=7 July 2021 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/72006/Deiver_Machado.html |title=Deiver Machado |website=National-Football-Teams.com |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> He made 12 league appearances and 2 Belgian Cup appearances for Gent across the 2017–18 season.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flashscore.com/player/machado-deiver/CSjPEukJ/ |title=Deiver Machado Stats |website=Flashscore |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> In July 2018, Gent loaned Machado back to [[Atlético Nacional]], with the club's official website noting he remained under contract at Gent until 2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kaagent.be/nl/team/first-team/spelers/machado-deiver |title=Deiver Machado |website=KAA Gent |language=nl |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> He made 14 appearances for Nacional in 2018 and 13 in 2019, featuring in the [[2019 Copa Sudamericana]] against [[Fluminense F.C.|Fluminense]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/mercato-recrue-deiver-machado-rclens-20210707 |title=Deiver Machado est lensois |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=7 July 2021 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/72006/Deiver_Machado.html |title=Deiver Machado |website=National-Football-Teams.com |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> During the 2018 loan he was part of the Nacional squad that beat [[Once Caldas]] 4–3 on aggregate to win the [[2018 Copa Colombia|Copa Colombia]], with [[Daniel Bocanegra]]'s 91st-minute free kick at the [[Estadio Atanasio Girardot]] in the second leg securing a 2–1 victory and the title.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thebogotapost.com/atletico-nacional-tops-once-caldas-2-1-to-take-out-copa-colombia-2018/33121/amp/ |title=Atlético Nacional tops Once Caldas 2–1 to take out Copa Colombia 2018 |website=The Bogotá Post |date=1 November 2018 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-11/02/c_137576861.htm |title=Atletico Nacional win Copa Colombia, earn Libertadores spot |website=Xinhua |date=2 November 2018 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> He returned to Gent for the 2019–20 season, making 2 further league appearances, before departing to join [[Toulouse FC]] in [[France]] in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flashscore.com/player/machado-deiver/CSjPEukJ/ |title=Deiver Machado Stats |website=Flashscore |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/mercato-recrue-deiver-machado-rclens-20210707 |title=Deiver Machado est lensois |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=7 July 2021 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> === Toulouse === In 2020, Machado joined [[Ligue 2]] side [[Toulouse FC|Toulouse]], having accumulated over 130 career starts by the time of his arrival.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/mercato-recrue-deiver-machado-rclens-20210707 |title=Deiver Machado est lensois |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=7 July 2021 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> In the [[2020–21 Ligue 2]] season he made 32 league appearances, scoring once and contributing five assists, with the RC Lens recruitment announcement describing his campaign as "full and noticed by all observers".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/mercato-recrue-deiver-machado-rclens-20210707 |title=Deiver Machado est lensois |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=7 July 2021 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> He scored against [[FC Nantes|Nantes]] in the [[Ligue 1]] promotion play-offs in May 2021, one of the defining moments of his single season at the [[Occitania|Occitan]] club.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/mercato-recrue-deiver-machado-rclens-20210707 |title=Deiver Machado est lensois |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=7 July 2021 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> === Lens === On 7 July 2021, Machado signed for [[Ligue 1]] club [[RC Lens|Lens]] on a three-year contract, joining from Toulouse.<ref>{{cite web |title=Transferts : Deiver Machado (Toulouse) signe à RC Lens |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Transferts-deiver-machado-toulouse-signe-a-rc-lens/1268776 |website=[[L'Équipe]] |language=fr |date=2 July 2021 |access-date=2023-01-31}}</ref> He made his [[Ligue 1]] debut on 8 August 2021 on the road at [[Stade Rennais F.C.|Stade Rennais]], playing 66 minutes in a 1–1 draw, immediately impressing with his intensity along the left flank before being replaced by [[Przemysław Frankowski]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/rclens-depart-deiver-machado-20251208 |title=Merci Macha' |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=8 December 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://theanalyst.com/players/3587/deiver-machado |title=Deiver Machado |website=The Analyst |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> He made his home debut at [[Stade Bollaert-Delelis]] on 15 August 2021, in a 2–2 draw against [[AS Saint-Étienne]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/100e-match-rclens-deiver-machado-20250127 |title=Deiver Machado, 100 gre y oro ! |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=27 January 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> He featured in 11 of Lens's first 12 matches of the season before being sidelined for four months with a [[meniscus]] injury.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/rclens-depart-deiver-machado-20251208 |title=Merci Macha' |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=8 December 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> On his return, he delivered his first Lens assist in the 34th matchday fixture against [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] at the [[Parc des Princes]], setting up [[Corentin Jean]] with a precise cross in the final seconds to earn a 1–1 draw for a ten-man Lens side.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/100e-match-rclens-deiver-machado-20250127 |title=Deiver Machado, 100 gre y oro ! |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=27 January 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> He finished the campaign with 22 league appearances as Lens ended the season seventh in Ligue 1.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/b3f8bdef/Deiver-Machado |title=Deiver Machado Stats, Goals, Records, Assists, Cups and more |website=FBref |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> Machado began the [[2022–23 Ligue 1]] season in emphatic form, opening his Lens goalscoring account in only the third matchday with a powerful cross-shot against [[AS Monaco FC|Monaco]], contributing to a 4–1 away victory.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/100e-match-rclens-deiver-machado-20250127 |title=Deiver Machado, 100 gre y oro ! |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=27 January 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> He scored two further important goals during the second half of the campaign — at [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]] (matchday 23, 2–1) and against [[FC Nantes|Nantes]] at Bollaert-Delelis (matchday 24, 3–1) — and assisted [[Loïs Openda]] against Monaco on matchday 32 as Lens remained unbeaten across the final seven fixtures.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/rclens-depart-deiver-machado-20251208 |title=Merci Macha' |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=8 December 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> He finished the season with 4 goals and 3 assists in 33 Ligue 1 matches, as Lens reached second place with 84 points — the highest league finish in the club's history — and qualified for the [[UEFA Champions League]] for the first time.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/rclens-depart-deiver-machado-20251208 |title=Merci Macha' |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=8 December 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ligue1.com/en/articles/l1_article_3811-mercato-deiver-machado-de-lens-a-nantes |title=Deiver Machado de Lens à Nantes |website=Ligue 1 |date=7 December 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> On 31 January 2023, French newspaper ''[[Le Figaro]]'' reported that he had extended his contract with Lens until 2026, acknowledging his growing importance to the side.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 January 2023 |title=Mercato : Deiver Machado prolonge dans la durée à Lens |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/sports/football/transferts/mercato-deiver-machado-prolonge-dans-la-duree-a-lens-20230131 |website=[[Le Figaro]] |language=fr |access-date=2023-01-31}}</ref> Machado opened the [[2023–24 Ligue 1]] season with goals in each of Lens's first two matches — against [[Stade Brestois 29|Brest]] on 13 August (3–2 defeat) and against [[Stade Rennais F.C.|Stade Rennais]] on 20 August with a struck left-footed effort from outside the penalty area (1–1 draw).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0285-18f0d22037ff-fe52d1e8223f-1000--sevilla-vs-lens-match-facts/ |title=Sevilla vs Lens match facts |website=UEFA |date=20 September 2023 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/rclens-depart-deiver-machado-20251208 |title=Merci Macha' |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=8 December 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> On 20 September 2023, Machado made his [[UEFA Champions League]] debut away at [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], starting in the 1–1 draw at the [[Estadio Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán|Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán]] and recording two dribbles, six clearances and five tackles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/100e-match-rclens-deiver-machado-20250127 |title=Deiver Machado, 100 gre y oro ! |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=27 January 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0285-18f0d22037ff-fe52d1e8223f-1000--sevilla-vs-lens-match-facts/ |title=Sevilla vs Lens match facts |website=UEFA |date=20 September 2023 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> He went on to appear in five of Lens's six Champions League group-stage fixtures, including the celebrated 2–1 home victory over [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] at [[Stade Bollaert-Delelis|Bollaert-Delelis]], during which his recovery of possession directly led to [[Adrien Thomasson]]'s equaliser.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/rclens-depart-deiver-machado-20251208 |title=Merci Macha' |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=8 December 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> The second half of the season was disrupted by an adductor injury, but he returned to score against [[Montpellier HSC|Montpellier]] (2–2) and contribute to Lens finishing seventh and qualifying for European football for a second consecutive year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/rclens-depart-deiver-machado-20251208 |title=Merci Macha' |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=8 December 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/b3f8bdef/Deiver-Machado |title=Deiver Machado Stats, Goals, Records, Assists, Cups and more |website=FBref |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> Machado began the [[2024–25 Ligue 1]] season under new head coach [[Will Still]], adapting rapidly to the new tactical principles and completing 78.9% of his tackles and delivering 22 crosses from open play across the campaign.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/rclens-depart-deiver-machado-20251208 |title=Merci Macha' |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=8 December 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> In the first half of the season he scored a header at [[Le Havre AC|Le Havre]] (matchday 17, 1–2) from a [[Przemysław Frankowski]] cross, providing Lens with three valuable points.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/100e-match-rclens-deiver-machado-20250127 |title=Deiver Machado, 100 gre y oro ! |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=27 January 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> He also appeared in the [[2024–25 UEFA Europa Conference League]], Lens's second successive European campaign.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/b3f8bdef/Deiver-Machado |title=Deiver Machado Stats, Goals, Records, Assists, Cups and more |website=FBref |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> On 26 January 2025, Machado made his 100th appearance for Lens in the 1–0 home win against [[Angers SCO|Angers]], coming on as a substitute in the second half to replace the injured [[Florian Sotoca]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/100e-match-rclens-deiver-machado-20250127 |title=Deiver Machado, 100 gre y oro ! |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=27 January 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> The club presented him with a personalised shirt bearing the number 100 after the final whistle, and the RC Lens official release noted that the milestone made Lens the club for which he had made the most appearances, surpassing his 91 matches at Millonarios.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/100e-match-rclens-deiver-machado-20250127 |title=Deiver Machado, 100 gre y oro ! |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=27 January 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> In the second half of the season, he contributed assists against [[AS Saint-Étienne|Saint-Étienne]] (1–0) and [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]] (0–1 away) as Lens climbed the table under coach [[Pierre Sage]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/rclens-depart-deiver-machado-20251208 |title=Merci Macha' |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=8 December 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> === Nantes === On 8 December 2025, [[FC Nantes]] announced that Machado had joined the club from Lens on a permanent transfer, signing a contract until June 2028.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fcnantes.com/articles/article2809.php?num=48247 |title=Deiver Machado rejoint le FC Nantes ! |website=FC Nantes |language=fr |date=8 December 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> The RC Lens farewell statement noted that he departed with 117 total appearances for the club, having been a key contributor to two European qualification campaigns including one in the [[UEFA Champions League]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/rclens-depart-deiver-machado-20251208 |title=Merci Macha' |website=RC Lens |language=fr |date=8 December 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> The [[Ligue 1]] official website described him as a mid-season reinforcement on the left side of defence and highlighted his record of more than 100 [[Ligue 1]] appearances.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ligue1.com/en/articles/l1_article_3811-mercato-deiver-machado-de-lens-a-nantes |title=Deiver Machado de Lens à Nantes |website=Ligue 1 |date=7 December 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> The transfer fee was reported to be around €500,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://caracol.com.co/2025/12/08/deiver-machado-presentado-oficialmente-como-nuevo-jugador-del-nantes/ |title=Déiver Machado, presentado oficialmente como nuevo jugador del Nantes |website=Caracol Radio |language=es |date=8 December 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.somosfutboleros.co/2025/12/machado-deja-el-lens-para-firmar-por-nantes.html |title=El colombiano Déiver Machado firma con el Nantes hasta 2028 |website=Somos Futboleros |language=es |date=7 December 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> Machado made his debut for Nantes on 12 December 2025, starting from the first minute in a 4–1 [[Ligue 1]] away defeat against [[Angers SCO|Angers]] at the [[Stade Raymond Kopa]], playing 80 minutes in his first appearance for the club.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://colombia.as.com/futbol/colombianos-por-el-mundo/deiver-machado-debuta-con-nantes-en-derrota-ante-angers-f202512-n/ |title=Deiver Machado debuta con Nantes en derrota ante Angers |website=AS Colombia |language=es |date=12 December 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://theanalyst.com/players/3587/deiver-machado |title=Deiver Machado |website=The Analyst |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> He went on to make 21 total appearances for Nantes across all competitions during the 2025–26 season.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ligue1.com/en/player-sheet/l1_championship_player_2025_12_91746/profile |title=Deiver Machado – FC Nantes |website=Ligue 1 |access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> p2orl9yazexakxjb71hcb16hf7z5gkg 0 64576 892626 472923 2026-08-07T18:05:24Z Baffa ali 47435 892626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:2022128150908 2022-05-08 Fussball Eintracht Frankfurt vs Borussia Mönchengladbach - Sven - 1D X MK II - 0312 - B70I6423 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Jens Grahl]] [[Fayil:2022128151403 2022-05-08 Fussball Eintracht Frankfurt vs Borussia Mönchengladbach - Sven - 1D X MK II - 0411 - B70I6522.jpg|thumb|Jens Grahl]] '''Jens Grahl''' (an haife shi 22 Satumba 1988) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kasar Jamus wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida na ƙungiyar Bundesliga Eintracht Frankfurt.{{stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1988]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] n8vyritlbhu86mqip56oo2v1gcdvcox 892627 892626 2026-08-07T18:08:05Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Manazarta */ 892627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:2022128150908 2022-05-08 Fussball Eintracht Frankfurt vs Borussia Mönchengladbach - Sven - 1D X MK II - 0312 - B70I6423 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Jens Grahl]] [[Fayil:2022128151403 2022-05-08 Fussball Eintracht Frankfurt vs Borussia Mönchengladbach - Sven - 1D X MK II - 0411 - B70I6522.jpg|thumb|Jens Grahl]] '''Jens Grahl''' (an haife shi 22 Satumba 1988) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kasar Jamus wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida na ƙungiyar Bundesliga Eintracht Frankfurt.{{stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1988]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] Grahl joined [[1899 Hoffenheim]] in 2009 from [[SpVgg Greuther Fürth]]. He made 29 appearances for [[SpVgg Greuther Fürth]] during his time with the club.<ref name="Jens Paderborn" /> During the 2011–12 season, he was announced at [[SC Paderborn 07]] on a loan deal, fighting for a place with [[Lukas Kruse]] and [[Nico Burchert]].<ref name="Jens Paderborn">{{cite web |url=https://www.nw.de/sport/kreis_paderborn/paderborn/4670288_Jens-ist-kein-Lehmann-Fan.html |title=Jens ist kein Lehmann-Fan |trans-title=Jens is not a Lehmann fan |website=nw.de}}</ref> He noted that he was "fascinated" with the performances of [[Gianluigi Buffon]] and had learnt a lot from fellow Paderborn goalkeepers [[Tom Starke]] and [[Stephan Loboué]].<ref name="Jens Paderborn" /> Grahl suffered a torn medial meniscus during his time with the club and was out for an extended period of time.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kicker.de/grahl-faellt-laenger-aus-557025/artikel |title=Grahl fällt länger aus |trans-title=Grahl is out for a longer period |language=German |website=kicker.de}}</ref> He made his [[Bundesliga]] debut with [[1899 Hoffenheim]] on 7 December 2013 against [[Eintracht Frankfurt]] in a 1–2 away win.<ref>{{cite web |title=Eintracht Frankfurt 1 Hoffenheim 2 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/12/07/germany/bundesliga/eintracht-frankfurt/tsg-1899-hoffenheim-ev/1487158/ |publisher=soccerway |access-date=7 December 2013}}</ref> On 30 June 2016, Grahl was announced at [[VfB Stuttgart]] on a two-year contract, as a replacement for [[Przemysław Tytoń]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vfb.de/en/vfb/latest/newsarchive/2016/329068-jens-grahl-coming-----przemyslaw-tyton-departs/ |title=Jens Grahl coming – Przemyslaw Tyton departs |work=vfb.de |publisher=[[VfB Stuttgart]] |date=30 June 2016 |access-date=30 June 2016}}</ref> On 14 May 2018, he extended his contract with Stuttgart until June 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vfb.de/en/vfb/latest/news/professionals/2018/vertragsverlaengerungen-insua-und-grahl/ |title=Two contract extensions |publisher=[[VfB Stuttgart]] |date=14 May 2018 |access-date=14 May 2018}}</ref> On 19 July 2021, Grahl signed a three-year contract with [[Eintracht Frankfurt]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vfb.de/en/vfb/latest/news/professionals/2122/wechsel-jens-grahl/ |title=Jens Grahl leaves VfB |publisher=VfB Stuttgart |date=19 July 2021 |access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref> He made his league debut for the club against [[1. FC Union Berlin]].<ref name="Grahl 2026 Contract" /> On 2 February 2023, Grahl extended his contract with the club until 2026, and as part of the contract agreement, will stay with Eintracht Frankfurt as a goalkeeping coach after he retires.<ref name="Grahl 2026 Contract">{{cite web |url=https://profis.eintracht.de/news/jens-grahl-bleibt-eintrachtler-147810 |title=Jens Grahl bleibt Eintrachtler |trans-title=Jens Grahl remains a Eintracht player |language=German |website=profis.eintracht.de}}</ref> He made his European debut in the [[UEFA Conference League]] against [[Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi|HJK Helsinki]] on 26 October 2023, keeping a clean sheet.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/match-report/ma9914105/lineup/ |title=Eintracht Frankfurt vs HJK Helsinki - 26 October nzahy31fpjl0kir7bevewkkg4pm34ly 0 64767 892602 482416 2026-08-07T13:33:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Manasseh Nshuti''' akawunta ne ɗan [[Ruwanda|ƙasar Rwanda]], ɗan kasuwa, malami kuma ɗan siyasa. Yana aiki a matsayin ƙaramin ministan kula da al'amuran yankin gabashin Afirka a majalisar ministocin ƙasar Rwanda, daga ranar 1 ga watan Mayu 2020.<ref name="1R">{{cite web |newspaper=[[The EastAfrican]] | url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Rwanda-names-new-EAC-minister/4552908-5539426-11aauocz/index.html |title=Rwanda names new EAC minister | date=1 May 2020 |author=Ivan Mugisha |access-date=3 May 2020 | location=Nairobi}}</ref> Kafin haka, daga shekarun 2013 zuwa 2020, ya kasance Shugaban Jami'ar Kigali, jami'a mai zaman kanta a [[Kigali]], babban birnin ƙasar.<ref name="1R"/> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Nshuti yana da digiri na farko na kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Makerere, a Uganda. Digiri na biyu, a Master of Business Administration, in Accounting, a Jami'ar Aberdeen ta Scotland ce ta ba shi.<ref name="2R">{{cite web |url=https://taarifa.rw/kagame-appoints-nshuti-manasseh-for-eac-portfolio-who-is-he/ |date=30 April 2020 |title=Kagame Appoints Nshuti Manasseh For EAC Portfolio, Who Is He? |newspaper=Taarifa Rwanda |access-date=3 May 2020 |author=Taarifa Rwanda |location=Kigali |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225235722/https://taarifa.rw/kagame-appoints-nshuti-manasseh-for-eac-portfolio-who-is-he/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har ila yau, yana da digiri na Doctor of Philosophy a Finance, wanda ya samu daga Jami'ar Aberdeen kuma. Tun daga shekarun 2013, Nshuti ya zama Shugaban Jami'ar Kigali, jami'a mai zaman kanta wanda ya taimaka wajen samo ta.<ref name="3R"/> == Sana'a == Nshuti ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Strathmore da ke [[Nairobi|Nairobi, Kenya]] tsawon shekaru goma sha huɗu. An kwashe wasu shekaru bakwai suna koyarwa da gudanarwa a Jami'ar Katolika ta Gabashin Afirka, kuma a Nairobi, Kenya. Ya kuma yi karatu a jami'ar Aberdeen na tsawon shekaru biyu, a lokacin da yake karatun digirinsa na uku.<ref name="3R">{{cite web |url=https://uok.ac.rw/dr-kamiya-hakizimana-jean-marie-vianney/ |title=Profile of Professor Manasseh Nshuti, Chairman of the University of Kigali |publisher=[[University of Kigali]] |date=2019 |author=University of Kigali |access-date=3 May 2020 |location=Kigali |archive-date=26 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226002138/https://uok.ac.rw/dr-kamiya-hakizimana-jean-marie-vianney/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Sana'ar siyasa === Nshuti ya fara aiki a majalisar ministocin ƙasar Rwanda daga shekarun 2003 zuwa 2005, a matsayin ministan kasuwanci, masana'antu, bunƙasa zuba jari, yawon buɗe ido da haɗin gwiwa. An canza shi zuwa Ma'aikatar Kuɗi a shekara ta 2005, don maye gurɓin Donald Kaberuka,<ref name="esid">http://www.effective-states.org/wp-content/uploads/working_papers/final-pdfs/esid_wp_120_chemouni_POE.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307050804/http://www.effective-states.org/wp-content/uploads/working_papers/final-pdfs/esid_wp_120_chemouni_POE.pdf |date=2020-03-07 }} {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> wanda aka naɗa shi Shugaban Bankin Raya Afirka.<ref name="2R"/> A shekara ta 2006, an naɗa shi Ministan Ma'aikata da Kwadago, yana aiki a can har zuwa shekara ta 2008, lokacin da aka naɗa shi a matsayin babban mai ba da shawara kan tattalin arziki ga shugaban ƙasar Ruwanda. Na wani lokaci, tsakanin shekarun 2008 da 2013, Nshuti ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban ''Crystal Ventures Limited'', sashin kasuwanci na sojojin Rwandan.<ref name="2R"/> A watan Mayun 2020, ya karɓi ragamar kungiyar Gabashin Afirka, inda ya maye gurɓin Olivier Nduhungirehe, wanda aka kora daga majalisar ministocin, a ranar 10 ga watan Afrilu, 2020, saboda "gabatar da ra'ayinsa na kansa a gaban manufofin gwamnati..." Alhakinsa ne ya jagoranci yunkurin maido da dangantakar da ke tsakaninta da makwabciyarta Uganda, wadda ta taɓarɓare cikin shekaru biyu zuwa uku da suka gabata.<ref name="1R"/> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] amvpo4cxb87681k5fxiaw57xvkoipcv 0 64774 892601 489079 2026-08-07T13:27:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[File:ECAS2019McEwanHall.jpg|thumb| Bude taron ECAS na 2019, Hall McEwan, Jami'ar Edinburgh. A mataki daga hagu Mamadou Diouf ( Jami'ar Columbia ), Thomas Molony (Jami'ar Edinburgh), da Amanda Hammar (shugaban AEGIS, Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka, Copenhagen).]] '''Mamadou Diouf''' shine [[Farfesa|Farfesa na]] Iyali na Leitner na Nazarin Afirka, Daraktan Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka, kuma farfesa na tarihin Yammacin Afirka a Jami'ar Columbia.<ref name="Columbia">{{cite web |url=https://mesaas.columbia.edu/faculty-directory/mamadou-diouf/ |title=Mamadou Diouf Leitner Professor of African Studies. Columbia Middle Eastern, South Asian and African Studies (MESAAS) |last= |first= |date=28 September 2018 |website=mesaas.columbia.edu |publisher=Columbia University |access-date=12 August 2022 |quote= }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Fayil:MamadouDiouf20110429.jpg|thumb|Mamadou Diouf]] Ya kuma kasance darakta na Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka a Makarantar Harkokin Ƙasa da Ƙasa da Harkokin Jama'a, Jami'ar Columbia (SIPA) kuma ya taka rawa wajen sake<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/public-culture/search-results?page=1&q=diouf&fl_SiteID=1000071 |title = Public Culture, Duke University Press. Search for Diouf |access-date=12 August 2022}}</ref> fasalin ta kwanan nan. Diouf yana da Ph.D. a fannin [[tarihi]] daga Jami'ar Paris-Sorbonne.<ref name="Columbia"/> Kafin koyarwa a Columbia, ya koyar a Jami'ar Michigan kuma kafin haka a Jami'ar Cheikh Anta Diop da ke [[Dakar|Dakar, Senegal]]. Diouf yana aiki a kwamitin edita na mujallu na ilimi da yawa, ciki har da ''Journal of African History'', ''[[Psychopathologie Africaine]]'', da ''Al'adun Jama'a.''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/public-culture/search-results?page=1&q=diouf&fl_SiteID=1000071 |title = Public Culture, Duke University Press. Search for Diouf |access-date=12 August 2022}}</ref> Buƙatun bincikensa sun haɗa da birane, siyasa, zamantakewa, da tarihin hankali na mulkin mallaka da na Afirka bayan mulkin mallaka.<ref name="Columbia"/> Littattafansa na baya-bayan nan su ne ''La Construction de l'Etat au Sénégal'', wanda aka rubuta tare da MC Diop & D. Cruise O'Brien kuma aka wallafa a shekarar 2002 da ''Histoire du Sénégal: Le modèle islamo-wolof et ses périphéries'', wanda aka wallafa a shekarar 2001. A halin yanzu yana gyara ''Rhythms na Duniyar Atlantika'' tare da [[Ifeoma Nwanko]] da ''Sabon Ra'ayi akan Musulunci a Senegal: Juyawa, Hijira, Arziki, Ƙarfi da Mata'' tare da [[Mara Leichtman]].<ref name="Columbia"/> == Wallafe-wallafe == * L'Afrique dans le temps du monde, Rot·Bò·Krik, 2023 * Tolerance, Democracy, and Sufis in Senegal, ed. 2013 * with Mara A. Leichtman: New Perspectives on Islam in Senegal. Conversion, Migration, Wealth, and Power, 2009 * With MC Diop & D. Cruise O'Brien: ''La Construction de l'Etat au Sénégal'', 2002 * ''Histoire du Sénégal: Le Modèle Islamo-Wolof et ses Périphéries'', 2001 * With Ulbe Bosma: ''Histoires et Identités dans la Caraïbe.'' ''Trajectoires Plurielles'', 2004 * With R. Collignon: ''Les Jeunes, Hantise de l'espace public dans les sociétés du sud?'' , 2001 * With MC Diop: ''Les Figures du siyasa : Des pouvoirs hérités aux pouvoirs élus'', 1999 * ''L'Historiographie indienne en débat.'' Sur le nationalisme, le colonialisme et les sociétés postcoloniales, ed. 1999 * with Mahmood Mamdani: Academic Freedom and Social Responsibility of the Intellectuals in Africa, 1994 * With MC Diop: ''Le Sénégal sous Abdou Diouf'', 1990 * ''La Kajoor ko XIXe siècle : Pouvoir Ceddo et Conquête Coloniale'', 1990 == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] flx4w3liuh3gfjjzir7zc4br1c37un4 0 67827 892767 508589 2026-08-08T06:14:16Z Baffa ali 47435 892767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Bruno Delbonnel (ciné club Louis Lumière).jpg|thumb|Bruno Delbonnel]] '''Bruno Delbonnel''', ASC, AFC, (an haife shi a shekara ta 1957) ɗan fim ne na Faransa. Ya yi aiki a fina-finai Amélie (2001), A Very Long Engagement (2004), Harry Potter da the Half-Blood Prince (2009), Inside Llewyn Davis (2013) da Darkest Hour (2017), kuma ya bayyana a cikin Wes Anderson's The French Dispatch (2021) a matsayin Tip-Top . [[Fayil:Cherokee .tif|thumb|Bruno Delbonnel]] Kyautar Delbonnel ta haɗa da César Award da European Film Award, da kuma gabatarwa shida na Academy Award da kuma gabar BAFTA Award hudu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.globalcinematography.com/teacher-profile-bruno-delbonnel |access-date=2024-01-25 |archive-date=2022-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401085448/https://www.globalcinematography.com/teacher-profile-bruno-delbonnel |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Delbonnel a Nancy, Meurthe-et-Moselle, Faransa kuma ta kammala karatu a 1978 daga ESEC (Paris, Île-de-France). Ya yi aiki tare sau biyu tare da ɗan'uwansa darektan Faransa Jean-Pierre Jeunet a kan Amélie da A Very Long Engagement . Daga nan sai ya fara aiki tare da wasu daraktoci da yawa, kamar Tim Burton, 'Yan uwan Coen da Joe Wright. An zabi Delbonnel don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Cinematography sau shida, don fina-finai Amélie (2001), A Very Long Engagement (2004), Harry Potter da Half-Blood Prince (2009), Inside Llewyn Davis (2013), Darkest Hour (2017), da The Tragedy of Macbeth (2021). nada shi a shekarar 2019 a matsayin shugaban sashen fim na makarantar fim ta Paris, La Femis .<ref>https://www.afcinema.com/Nomination-et-renouvellement-a-la-tete-de-La-Femis.html</ref><ref>https://www.femis.fr/departement-image</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce == <references />{{Stub}} hb0dgxebmfj9v5pluk9wxtvluwtvgml 0 68815 892791 462781 2026-08-08T08:39:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Omoniyun''' fim ne na Najeriya na 2019 wanda [[Dayo Amusa]] ya samar kuma [[Muyiwa Ademola]] ya ba da umarni a karkashin kamfanin samar da Amzadol Productions . din ya shafi tashin hankali game da cin zarafin yarinya 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da' yan wasan kwaikwayo irin su [[Segun Arinze]], Toyin Alausa, [[Dayo Amusa]] da Bimbo Thomas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bada |first=Gbenga |date=12 November 2019 |title=Dayo Amusa releases trailer for a new film, ‘Omoniyun’ featuring Segun Arinze |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/dayo-amusa-releases-trailer-for-new-film-omoniyun/zkv8wsq |access-date=6 August 2022 |website=Pulse Nigeria |archive-date=6 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806200905/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/dayo-amusa-releases-trailer-for-new-film-omoniyun/zkv8wsq |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kehinde |first=Opeyemi |date=11 November 2019 |title=Dayo Amusa’s movie, ‘Omoniyun’ debuts in cinemas Nov 29 |url=https://dailytrust.com/dayo-amusas-movie-omoniyun-debuts-in-cinemas-nov-29 |access-date=6 August 2022 |website=Daily Trust |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=7 December 2019 |title=Odunlade Adekola, Iyabo Ojo, others light up Dayo Amusa’s Omoniyun premiere |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/odunlade-adekola-iyabo-ojo-others-light-up-dayo-amusas-omoniyun-premiere/ |access-date=6 August 2022 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US |archive-date=6 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806200844/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/odunlade-adekola-iyabo-ojo-others-light-up-dayo-amusas-omoniyun-premiere/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=23 November 2019 |title=In Omoniyun, Dayo Amusa makes case for girl child |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/in-omoniyun-dayo-amusa-makes-case-for-girl-child/ |access-date=6 August 2022 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US |archive-date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025061758/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/in-omoniyun-dayo-amusa-makes-case-for-girl-child/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayani game da shi == Fim din ya kewaye da labarin wata yarinya wacce yarima ta yi mata cin zarafin jima'i wanda yawanci yakan tafi 'yan Scot da mugunta. din zama mai wahala lokacin da yarima ya yi gwagwarmaya don rayuwarsa lokacin da masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam suka yanke shawarar ɗaukar al'amarin.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Tribune |date=16 November 2019 |title=Omoniyun is for the girl-child —Dayo Amusa |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/omoniyun-is-for-the-girl-child-dayo-amusa/ |access-date=6 August 2022 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> == Farko == An fara fim din ne a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 2019 a Ozone Cinema a Yaba. Tun lokacin aka shirya fim din a cikin shekarun 1980, duk masu halarta kamar Iyabo Ojo, Sotayo, Bimbo Thomas, Toyin Alausa, [[Odunlade Adekola]], Muyiwa Ademola, Seliat Adebowale da sauransu da yawa sun yi ado da kayan ado na shekarun 1980.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> == Ƴan wasan kwaikwayo == * [[Segun Arinze]] * [[Dayo Amusa]] * [[Muyiwa Ademola]] * Toyin Alausa * Olaiya Igwe * Albarka ta Nkechi * Seilat Adebowale * Bimbo Thomas<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Manazarta == 0xxzn0o0di15674hyquomhrfjfenecd 0 70476 892737 836958 2026-08-08T05:47:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''No Simple Way Home''''' wanda kuma akafi sani da '''''Nie ma prostej drogi do domu'''''<ref>{{Citation |title=Nie ma prostej drogi do domu {{!}} Film {{!}} 2022 |url=https://www.filmweb.pl/film/Nie+ma+prostej+drogi+do+domu-2022-10008173 |access-date=2023-04-15 |language=pl}}</ref> fim ne da aka shirya shi a shekarar 2022 na Sudan ta Kudu-Afirka ta Kudu [[Documentary film|fim ne dakwamentiri]] wanda mai shirya fina-finan Sudan ta Kudu Akuol de Mabior ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni a farkon fitowar ta na darakta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NO SIMPLE WAY HOME |url=https://www.filmafrica.org/films/no-simple-way-home-doc/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=Film Africa |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607121205/https://www.filmafrica.org/films/no-simple-way-home-doc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An ƙaddamar da fim ɗin a 2022 International Filmfestival Amsterdam.<ref>{{Citation |last=www.oberon.nl |first=Oberon Amsterdam |title=No Simple Way Home (2022) - Akuol de Mabior {{!}} IDFA |url=https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/e616e551-fe5d-40b1-8c52-b39a7df9085a/no-simple-way-home |access-date=2023-04-15 |archive-date=2023-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415063904/https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/e616e551-fe5d-40b1-8c52-b39a7df9085a/no-simple-way-home |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fim ɗin ya ci karo da gwagwarmayar yau da kullun na al'ummar Sudan ta Kudu tare da ba da labarin fitattun dangin siyasa a tarihin Sudan ta Kudu. Ya zama fim ɗin Sudan ta Kudu na farko da aka nuna a bikin fina-finai na ƙasa da ƙasa na Berlin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Berlinale 2022: ‘No Simple Way Home’ (Panorama) {{!}} Review |url=https://www.film-fest-report.com/home/berlinale-2022-no-simple-way-home-review |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=Film Fest Report |language=en-US}}</ref> == Takaitaccen bayani == Fim ɗin ya yaba wa mai shirya fina-finai Akuol de Mabior mahaifinsa John Garang de Mabior wanda ya samu karbuwa da kuma karramawa saboda rawar da ya taka wajen jajircewar rundunar sojojin Sudan ta Kudu kusan shekaru ashirin ko makamancin haka a yankin Kudancin [[Sudan]] (wato shi ne). yanzu an san shi a matsayin wata kasa ta daban mai cin gashin kanta da sunan [[Sudan ta Kudu]] wacce ta samu ‘yancin kai a shekarar 2011) kuma a halin yanzu ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mahaifin wanda ya kafa Sudan ta Kudu wanda a karshe ya mutu a wani hatsarin jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu a shekarar 2005 makonni uku kacal da rantsar da shi a matsayin mataimakin shugaban ƙasa na Sudan kuma daga baya za a yaba masa a matsayin gwarzon ƙasa na Sudan ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No Simple Way Home - Panorama Dokumente 2022 |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2022/programme/202204998.html |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=www.berlinale.de |language=en}}</ref> Akuol tana da shekaru 16 kacal lokacin da mahaifinta ya mutu a hadarin helikwafta. Shirin ya kuma ba da haske kan tsohuwar mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasar Sudan ta Kudu Rebecca Nyandeng De Mabior wacce aka yiwa lakabi da uwa uba ta Sudan ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-30 |title=Perspective - 'No Simple Way Home': New film portrays South Sudan's 'mother of the nation' |url=https://www.france24.com/en/tv-shows/perspective/20220330-no-simple-way-home-new-film-portrays-south-sudan-s-mother-of-the-nation |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> Bayan ta girma a gudun hijira, mai shirya fina-finai Akuol de Mabior ta koma gida [[Sudan ta Kudu]] don bin tafiyar mahaifiyarta cikin harkokin siyasa. Lokacin da zaman lafiya a Sudan ta Kudu ya rataya a wuya, 'yar fim ta dawo gida daga gudun hijira tare da mahaifiyarta da 'yar uwarta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No Simple Way Home: From exile to vice president in South Sudan |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/witness/2022/10/20/no-simple-way-home-from-exile-to-vice-president-in-south-sudan |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> == Samarwa == Generation Africa ne suka shirya fim ɗin tare da haɗin gwiwar Deutsche Welle Akademie, Robert Bosch Foundation, Social Transformation and Empowerment Projects (STEPS), Bertha Foundation, Ma'aikatar Haɗin Kan Tattalin Arziƙi da Ci Gaban Tarayyar Jamus da Haɗin gwiwar Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No Simple Way Home |url=https://www.generationafrica.co.za/films/no-simple-way-home/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=Generation Africa |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251114075041/https://www.generationafrica.co.za/films/no-simple-way-home/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Welle (www.dw.com) |first=Deutsche |title=Four "Generation Africa" films to screen at DOK.fest Munich {{!}} DW {{!}} 05.05.2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/four-generation-africa-films-to-screen-at-dokfest-munich/a-61682586 |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=DW.COM |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sakewa == An fara nuna fim ɗin a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya daban-daban da suka haɗa da Zanzibar International Film Festival 2022,<ref>{{Citation |title=No Simple Way Home |url=https://mubi.com/films/no-simple-way-home |access-date=2023-04-15 |language=en}}</ref> Sheffield DocFest 2022, San Francisco International Film Festival 2022, Durban International Film Festival 2022,<ref>{{Citation |title=DIFF {{!}} No Simple Way Home Durban International Film Festival - 21–30 July 2022 |url=https://www.durbanfilmfest.com/film/no-simple-way-home/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |language=en |archive-date=2023-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415063906/https://www.durbanfilmfest.com/film/no-simple-way-home/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Encounters South African International Documentary Festival 2022, 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |title=DOK.fest München |url=https://www.dokfest-muenchen.de/African_Encounters_2022?lang=en |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=DOK.fest München |language=en}}</ref> [[Internationales Dokumentarfilmfestival München|DOK.fest München]] 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |title=No Simple Way Home {{!}} Hot Docs |url=https://hotdocs.ca/archive/festival/2022/no-simple-way-home |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=hotdocs.ca |archive-date=2023-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415063904/https://hotdocs.ca/archive/festival/2022/no-simple-way-home |url-status=dead }}</ref> HotDocs 2022 Cinéma du Réel 2022, 2022 Sydney Film Festival kuma a cikin sashin panorama a bikin Fim na Duniya na 72nd Berlin.<ref name=":0" /> == Duba kuma == * Yakin basajar Sudan na biyu == Manazarta == [[Category:fim]] d5qrev2v8idmb7pmbcd1trlh0dzzwvz 0 70936 892687 892556 2026-08-07T21:42:28Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Fitarwa */ 892687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Elesin Oba, The King's Horseman''''' Elesin Oba, Dokin Sarki fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na [[Tarihin Kasar Sin|tarihi]] na [[Najeriya]] na harshen Yarbanci a shekarar 2022 wanda Biyi Bandele ya shirya kuma Netflix ne ya rarraba shi, bisa la’akari da Mutuwar Wole Soyinka da Dokin Sarki, wasan kwaikwayo da ya rubuta yayin da yake Cambridge, inda kuma ya kasance abokin aikin sa. Kwalejin Churchill a lokacin gudun hijirar sa na siyasa daga Najeriya,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-04-07 |title=Wole Soyinka on how he came to write Death and the King's Horseman |url=http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2009/apr/08/wole-soyinka-death-kings-horseman |first=Andrew|last=Gumbel|access-date=2022-08-01 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref>kuma ta samo asali ne kan wani lamari na gaske da ya faru a ƙasar Yoruba a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agency Report |author-link=News Agency of Nigeria|date=2018-06-12 |title=Film adaptation of Wole Soyinka's ''Death and the King's Horseman'' underway |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/272076-film-adaptation-of-wole-soyinkas-death-and-the-kings-horseman-underway.html |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=[[Premium Times]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The King's Horseman, Nigeria's Most Famous Play, Now On Netflix: What Makes It A Classic |url=https://independent.ng/the-kings-horseman-nigerias-most-famous-play-now-on-netflix-what-makes-it-a-classic/ |website=Independent Newspapers}}</ref> Fim din ya fito Odunlade Adekola a matsayin babban jarumi, tare da Shaffy Bello, Brymo, Deyemi Okanlawon, Omowunmi Dada, Jide Kosoko, Langley Kirkwood, Joke Silva daga cikin sauran mutane wajen tallafawa ayyukan. == Labarin fim == Fim ɗin kuma ya samo asali ne daga labarin gaskiya kuma an kafa shi a cikin garin Oyo na shekarar 1940, kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Sarkin mutu ne kawai, kuma kamar yadda al'ada ta bukaci Elesin Oba dole ne ya yi al'ada don ya haɗu da marigayi sarkinsa a bayan rayuwa don sarki ya sami damar shiga ƙasar alloli, don haka ya hana bala'i daga mamaye al'umma. Sha'awar jima'i ta Elesin Oba ta sa ya guje, wanda ke haifar da rikici mai tsanani tare da Birtaniya kuma tare da mummunar sakamako. Lokacin mahayin ya kasa cika alhakinsa na ƙarshe, an yi imanin cewa fatalwar Sarki tana yawo a duniya, tana rubuta bala'i ga ƙasar da mutanenta. ila yau, saboda rashin iya cika aikinsa, ɗansa, Olunde, ya ɗauki matsayinsa a cikin al'ada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afolayan's 'Death' and Bandele's 'The King's Horseman' |url=https://thelagosreview.ng/afolayans-death-and-bandeles-the-king-horseman-a-tale-of-two-tributes-joba-ojelabi/ |access-date=12 January 2023 |website=The Lagos Review}}</ref> == ƴan Wasa == * [[Odunlade Adekola]]: Elesin * [[Shafy Bello|Shaffy Bello]]: Iyaloja * Ọlawale Olofọrọ (Brymo): Yabo Mai raira waƙa * [[Deyemi Okanlawon]]: Olunde * [[Omowumi Dada|Omowunmi Dada]]: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oyero |first=Ezekiel |date=2022-08-27 |title=My challenge playing Elesin Oba's bride - Omowunmi Dada |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/550922-my-challenge-playing-elesin-obas-bride-omowunmi-dada.html |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> Bride * [[Jide Kosoko]]: Sajan Amusa * Kevin Ushi: Yusufu * Jenny Stead: Jane * Mark Elderkin: Simon * Langley Kirkwood: Mazaunin * [[Taiwo Ajai-Lycett]]: Madam Taiwo * [[Joke Silva]]: Madam Bola == Tsari == == Production == Fim ɗin ya fara ne a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Toronto (TIFF) a ranar 9 ga Satumban shekarar 2022 kuma an sake shi a gidajen silima na Najeriya a ranar 28 ga Oktoban shekarar 2022 sannan aka sake shi a Netflix a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The King's Horseman |url=https://tiff.net/events/the-kings-horseman |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=TIFF |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wole Soyinka's Film Adaptation Elesin Oba, The King's Horseman Premiered at TIFF 2022 |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/10/wole-soyinkas-film-adaptation-elesin-oba-the-kings-horseman-premiered-at-tiff-2022/ |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=brittlepaper.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-10-21 |title=Biyi Bandele's Elesin Oba: The King's Horseman set for October 28 release The Nation Newspaper |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/biyi-bandeles-elesin-oba-the-kings-horseman-set-for-october-28-release/ |access-date=2022-10-25 |language=en-US |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> .<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-10-21 |title=Biyi Bandele's Elesin Oba: The King's Horseman set for October 28 release The Nation Newspaper |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/biyi-bandeles-elesin-oba-the-kings-horseman-set-for-october-28-release/ |access-date=2022-10-25 |language=en-US |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> == Fitarwa == ɗin ya haɗa da Ebonylife TV Studio da [[Netflix]] kuma Biyi Bandele ne ya daidaita shi don allo kuma ya ba da umarni. fassara rubutun zuwa Yorùbá, kuma fim din daga baya ya sami subtitle zuwa Turanci, daga masanin harshe na Najeriya Kola Tubosun, yanke shawara da aka bayyana a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da fim din" da kuma "hanya daya tilo don yin fim din nan da nan ga masu sauraro na duniya.Fim din ya fara ne a bikin fina-finai na Toronto na kasa da kasa na 2022 (TIFF) a ranar 9 ga Satumban shekarar 2022 kuma an sake shi a cikin fina-finen Najeriya a ranar 28 ga Oktoban shekarar 2022 sannan aka saki Netflix a ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamba. shine aikin farko na Soyinka da za a yi fim din motsi tun fim ɗin a shekarar 1970 Kongi's Harvest na Ossie Davies da fim na farko na yaren Yoruba da aka fara bugawa a TIFF. , Biyi Bandele, ya mutu jim kadan kafin fara fim din, a watan Agustan shekarar 2022. == Karɓuwa == An sami ra'ayoyi da yawa game da fim din tun lokacin da aka saki shi. bayyana fim ɗin a matsayin mai ban sha'awa da jin daɗi An kuma yaba da fim din don nuna muhimmancin al'ada. == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] r4neou3oyz4m6bxxy60r33g6jd81ke3 0 74195 892809 393997 2026-08-08T09:58:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Paballo Koza''' (an haife shi a ranar 19 March 2002) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Afirka ta Kudu. Koza ya fara wasan kwaikwayo yana da shekaru 5, kuma daga baya ya sami lambar yabo ta Afirka Movie Academy Award for Best Young Actor saboda rawar da ya taka a [[Dora's Aminci|Dora’s Peace]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/sowetan/20140520/281565173794432 |title=Caught in the act at 5 |via=PressReader|access-date=2019-12-13}}</ref> == Aikin fim == Koza ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo yana da shekaru biyar ta hanyar yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin kasuwanci.<ref>{{Cite web|title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Paballo Koza|url=https://www.youthvillage.co.za/2019/11/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-paballo-koza/|date=2019-11-28|website=Youth Village|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-08|archive-date=2021-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009090206/https://youthvillage.co.za/2019/11/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-paballo-koza/|url-status=dead}}</ref> daga wannan lokacin, ya kasance a cikin wasu tallace-tallace da yawa kuma ya yi aiki a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin da fina-finai daban-daban. cikin 2018, Koza ya ɗora bidiyonsa na farko a tashar YouTube.<ref>{{Cite web|title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Paballo Koza|url=https://www.youthvillage.co.za/2019/11/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-paballo-koza/|date=2019-11-28|website=Youth Village|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-08|archive-date=2021-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009090206/https://youthvillage.co.za/2019/11/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-paballo-koza/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Filmography == === Talabijin <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=17778|title=Paballo Koza {{!}} TVSA|website=www.tvsa.co.za|access-date=2019-12-13|archive-date=2019-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212164422/https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=17778|url-status=dead}}</ref>=== {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |2023-ya zuwa yanzu |''An rarraba su'' |Lolo |Hannun hannu |- |2018–2022 |''Masu kula da gidaje'' |Mtho |Hannun hannu |- |2016–2021 |''Sarauniyar'' |Khaya Khoza |Sauye-sauye |- |2020 |''Isono'' |Dombollo |Taimako |- |2017–2018 |''Kudin Sauƙi'' |Moagi |Hannun hannu |- |2017 |''Mai yaudara'' |Themba |Taimako |- |2014–2017 |''Thola'' |Shoni Makwarela |Hannun hannu |- |2018 |''Littafin Thandeka'' |Themba |Taimako |- |2015–2016 |''Birnin Rhythm'' |Zama |Taimako |- |2018 |''Isithembiso'' |Abokin Junior |Taimako |} === Fim === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi |- |2022 |''Amandla'' |Phakiso |- |2020 |''[[Riding With Sugar|Yin Hawan Shukari]]'' |Vetkoek |- |2016 |''[[Dora's Aminci|Zaman Lafiya na Dora]]'' |Zaman Lafiya |- |2015 |''Skorokoro'' |Umfaan |- |2014 |''Rufin Rufin Ruwan Ruwan Ruwar Ruwan Rufin Ruwar Ruwar Ru'' |Mandla |} == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 2002]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lcnwxvkabitvp82gxit20u3ij7oyspg 0 76419 892787 406073 2026-08-08T08:23:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Olutoyin "Toyin" Augustus''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1979) tsohon dan wasan Najeriya ne wanda ya yi gasa a tseren mita 100. Ta fara aikinta ne tare da nasara a Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka a cikin Wasanni a shekara ta 2006, ta doke 'yan adawa da 100 m hurdles. &nbsp;Ta ci gaba da wakiltar Afirka a gasar cin kofin duniya ta IAAF ta 2006, inda ta kammala a matsayi na takwas. A shekara ta 2007, ta kara da taken [[Wasannin Afirka]] na Afirka ga na nahiyar, ta dakatar da kalubale daga 'yar'uwarta [[Jessica Ohanaja]]. Ta fara fafatawa a matakin duniya, ta fito a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2007, Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta IAAF ta 2008 da Wasannin Olympics na Beijing na 2008, amma ba ta wuce matakin zafi a kowane abin da ya faru ba. Ta fuskanci gwagwarmaya mai karfi a matakin nahiyar kuma, yayin da Fatmata Fofanah ta dauki lambar yabo ta 100 m a Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta 2008, ta bar Augustus ya daidaita don lambar azurfa.&nbsp; Ta yi tsere a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2009 a cikin Wasanni, ta shiga gasar tseren da kuma tseren mata na mita 4×100 na Najeriya. Ta kai matakin kusa da na karshe a cikin shingen amma daga baya aka dakatar da ita kuma ta gama 16th gabaɗaya a cikin taron tseren tsere. A Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Berlin, Augustus ya kasance ƙarƙashin gwajin jini da fitsari don WADA. Samfurin jininta ba shi da wani binciken da ba a rubuta ba, amma samfurin fitsari ya tabbatar da inganci don matakan testosterone masu yawa. Ra'ayin likitan IAAF ya bayyana cewa "Wannan binciken na iya jituwa da gudanarwar testosterone da / ko masu alaƙa da su..." Jerin gwaje-gwaje da gwaje-gaje da kwararren MD ya gudanar a cikin ilimin mata da ilimin haihuwa a asibitin likitancin USC (Jami'ar Kudancin California) sun gano cewa Augustus yana da ƙwayoyin ovarian da yawa wanda likita ya haɗa da cuta da ake kira Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ko PCOS. PCOS cuta ce ta metabolism wacce ke haifar da rushewar hormonal da kuma DHEA mai girma, hormone mai gabatarwa ga wasu hormones na haihuwa kamar testosterone. Don yin hamayya da gwajin doping mai kyau da kuma kare shari'arta, an buƙaci Augustus (wani mazaunin Amurka) ya halarci gwajin samfurin B da aka gudanar a Jamus. Idan samfurin B ma yana da kyau, to dole ne ta tashi zuwa Najeriya don gabatar da shari'arta ga kwamitin da kungiyar 'yan wasa ta kasar ta nada. Wannan kwamitin zai zama mai mulki a kan shari'arta. Kodayake likita a USC ya kammala cewa matsalar PCOS ta haifar da matakan DHEA masu yawa a cikin samfurin fitsari na Augustus, kwamitin Najeriya ya ki amincewa da waɗannan binciken. An umarci Augustus da ya yi amfani da haramcin shekaru biyu daga wasannin da IAAF ta ba da izini. An sake duba shari'ar Augustus na watanni da yawa, ta zo kusa da ƙarshen a cikin 2010. A wannan lokacin Augustus ta ci gaba da yin gasa a duniya, amma ta janye daga gasar a Belgium bayan sanarwar cewa an ki amincewa da shari'arta. An tsawaita haramcin har zuwa watan Fabrairun 2012 bayan an gano cewa ta yi gasa yayin da ba ta cancanci ba.<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/mm/Document/News/GeneralNews/05/65/77/20100427082001_httppostedfile_NEWS112_20049.pdf IAAF Newsletter Edition 112]. [[IAAF]] (2010-04-27). Retrieved 2010-04-27.</ref> Toyin kwanan nan an nuna shi a wurare daban-daban na talabijin don Xfinity 3D, Shin kun kasance mai basira fiye da aji na 5? kuma mafi mahimmanci NCAA inda ita da sauran 'yan wasan dalibai suka fallasa almara na jarumin shiru.<ref>[https://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/public/NCAA/Resources/Latest+News/2011/March/NCAA+pushes+back+on+dumb+jock+myth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212042445/http://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/public/NCAA/Resources/Latest+News/2011/March/NCAA+pushes+back+on+dumb+jock+myth |date=2013-12-12 }}. ''"[https://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/public/NCAA/Resources/Latest+News/2011/March/NCAA+pushes+back+on+dumb+jock+myth NCAA Pushes Back on Dumb Jock Myth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212042445/http://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/public/NCAA/Resources/Latest+News/2011/March/NCAA+pushes+back+on+dumb+jock+myth |date=2013-12-12 }}" National Collegiate Athletic Association'' (2011-03-18). Retrieved 2011-03-27.</ref> Lokaci mafi kyau shine 12.85 seconds, wanda aka samu a 2009 a [[Nantes]]. An bar ta daga matsayinta na Darakta na Bambanci, Adalci, Haɗuwa da Kasancewa a Makarantar Oakwood a Los Angeles, California a cikin 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=School Leadership |url=https://www.oakwoodschool.org/about/school-leadership |access-date=2021-12-05 |website=www.oakwoodschool.org}}</ref>A baya, ta horar da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] da waƙa a Phillips Exeter Academy . == Nasarorin da aka samu == {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes|NotesOff=yes}} |- |rowspan="2"|2006 |[[2006 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Bambous, Mauritius|Bambous]], [[Mauritius]] |style="background:gold"| 1st |100 m hurdles |- |[[2006 IAAF World Cup|IAAF World Cup]] |[[Athens]], [[Greece]] | 8th |100 m hurdles |- |rowspan="2"|2007 |[[Athletics at the 2007 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |[[Algiers]], [[Algeria]] |style="background:gold"| 1st |100 m hurdles |- |[[2007 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Osaka]], Japan |6th (heats) |100 m hurdles |- |rowspan="3"|2008 |[[2008 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] |[[Valencia, Spain]] |5th (heats) |[[2008 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's 60 metres hurdles|60 m hurdles]] |- |[[2008 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Addis Ababa]], [[Ethiopia]] |style="background:silver"| 2nd |100 m hurdles |- |[[Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]] |[[Beijing]], China |7th (heats) |[[Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metre hurdles|100 m hurdles]] |- |rowspan="2"|2009 |rowspan="2"|[[2009 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |rowspan="2"|[[Berlin]], Germany |style="background:#F8E0F7"|6th (semis) |[[2009 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]] |- |style="background:#F8E0F7"|6th (heats) |[[2009 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|4 × 100 m relay]] |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1979]] sb3khgs9rdlrmniuxx1urqu6sfmw7ni 0 77739 892953 540249 2026-08-08T11:02:34Z Halima Waziri 29451 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357328095|Yinka Ayefele]]" 892953 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Olayinka Joel Ayefele listen ⓘ MON fitaccen mai shirya waƙoƙi ne na Najeriya, mawaƙin bishara, mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen rediyo, kuma wanda ya kafa cibiyar sadarwa ta Fresh and Blast FM ta tashoshin rediyo a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. [1] [2] [3] == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Ayefele a Ipoti-Ekiti, wani gari a [[Ekiti|jihar Ekiti]] a kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]] ga dangin Joshua Taiwo Ayefele == Ilimi == Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Anglican ta Our Saviours da ke Ipoti-Ekiti don karatunsa na firamare da sakandare kafin daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Jihar Ondo da ke Ikare Akoko, Jihar Ondo, [[Najeriya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yinka Ayefele discusses his accident, marital life, Patience Jonathan rally and music in new interview |url=http://dailystar.com.ng/2013/10/17/yinka-ayefele-discusses-accident-marital-life-patience-jonathan-rally-music-new-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023011925/http://dailystar.com.ng/2013/10/17/yinka-ayefele-discusses-accident-marital-life-patience-jonathan-rally-music-new-interview/ |archive-date=23 October 2013 |access-date=11 February 2015 |website=dailystar.com.ng}}</ref> == Sana'a == Ayefele ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin ɗan jarida kuma mai watsa shirye-shirye a [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria]], [[Ibadan]], inda ya kuma shirya waƙoƙi da waƙoƙi a rediyo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yinka Ayefele Bereaved As Late Father Wanted Him To Be A Banker |url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/29520/54/yinka-ayefele-bereaved-as-late-father-wanted-him-t.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211145206/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/29520/54/yinka-ayefele-bereaved-as-late-father-wanted-him-t.html |archive-date=11 February 2015 |access-date=11 February 2015 |website=nigeriafilms.com}}</ref> Ya fara aikinsa na waƙa a shekarar 1997 bayan ya yi hatsarin mota wanda ya lalata ƙashin bayansa kuma ya sa ya dogara da keken guragu. A lokacin da yake asibiti inda ya shafe kimanin watanni 9, abokinsa, Kola Olootu, ya ziyarce shi ya kuma ba shi shawara ya haɗa wasu waƙoƙi. Wannan shawara ta haifar da fitowar kundin wakokinsa na farko mai suna ''Bitter Experience'' a shekarar 1998 wanda ya jawo hankalinsa ga jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |title=People Take Advantage of My Condition----Yinka Ayefele |url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/6075/3/people-take-advantage-of-my-condition-yinka-ayefel.html |access-date=11 February 2015 |website=modernghana.com}}</ref> Bayan fitowar ''Bitter Experience'', sai aka fitar da ''Sweet Experience'' . Sauran kundin waƙoƙin da mawaƙin bishara ya fitar sune ''Something Else'', ''Divine Intervention'' da ''Life after death'', waɗanda aka fitar don girmama [[Gbenga Adeboye]], wani mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen rediyo na Najeriya, mawaƙi kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yinka Ayefele – Gbenga Adeboye Life after death |url=http://www.last.fm/music/Yinka+Ayefele/_/Gbenga+Adeboye+Life+after+death |access-date=11 February 2015 |website=Last.fm}}</ref> Taken ''Bitter Experience'' ya nuna wahalarsa kuma ''Sweet Experience'' shine zaki bayan "Bitter Experience". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Administrator |title=About Yinka Ayefele |url=http://ayefeleradio.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=109&Itemid=191 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211145017/http://ayefeleradio.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=109&Itemid=191 |archive-date=11 February 2015 |access-date=11 February 2015 |website=ayefeleradio.com}}</ref> Wakokin Ayefele sun fito ne daga kamfanoni daban-daban, ciki har da API Music (Alloy Production International) daga 1998 zuwa 2009, Galaxy Music (2008–2018), da kuma Role Model Entertainment (2019). [[Fayil:Yinka_Ayefele_music_house_ado_ekiti.jpg|thumb| Yinka Ayefele music house ado ekiti]] == Lambobin yabo da girmamawa == Ayefele ya sami kyaututtuka sama da 200. <ref>{{Cite web |title=HISTORIC: HONOR NIGHT IN TORONTO! Ayefele Bags 200th Award in Canada...Receives Special Lifetime Achievement Award * Nigeria Embassy Officials to witness Ceremony * Sir Shina Peters as Special Guest! |url=http://nigeriastandardnewspaper.com/ng/historic-honor-night-in-toronto-ayefele-bags-200th-award-in-canadareceives-special-lifetime-achievement-award-nigeria-embassy-officials-to-witness-ceremony-sir-shina-peters-as-special/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211131859/http://nigeriastandardnewspaper.com/ng/historic-honor-night-in-toronto-ayefele-bags-200th-award-in-canadareceives-special-lifetime-achievement-award-nigeria-embassy-officials-to-witness-ceremony-sir-shina-peters-as-special/ |archive-date=11 February 2015 |access-date=11 February 2015 |website=nigeriastandardnewspaper.com}}</ref> Daga cikin wasu kyaututtuka akwai: * An ba wa [[Goodluck Jonathan|Goodluck Ebele Jonathan]], shugaban [[Najeriya|tarayyar Najeriya]] kyautar memba na [[Order of the Niger]] (2011) * Kyautar jakadan al'adu na [[Ekiti]] == Tashar rediyo == '''Yinka Ayefele''' tana da hanyar sadarwa ta gidajen rediyo a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya mai suna Fresh FM. An kafa sashen Ibadan na cibiyar sadarwa a shekarar 2015 kuma [[Hukumar watsa shirye-shirye ta kasa|Hukumar Yaɗa Labarai ta Ƙasa]] ta Najeriya ta ba da lasisi a ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 2015. An buɗe wasu sassan gidajen rediyo na Ayefele, a lokuta daban-daban tun daga lokacin, a [[Abeokuta]], [[Ado-Ekiti|Ado Ekiti]], [[Akure]], [[Osogbo]] da [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=People |first=City |date=2022-07-07 |title=AYEFELE'S FRESH FM BEGINS TRANSMISSION IN LAGOS |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/ayefeles-fresh-fm-begins-transmission-in-lagos/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:AYEFELE_MUSIC_HOUSE,_Challenge_Ibadan_3.jpg|thumb| Gidan Wakar Ayefele, Kalubalen Ibadan]] Gwamnatin [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]] ta rushe gidan kida na Ayefele, wanda kuma ke dauke da gidan rediyon Fresh FM da kuma wani sitidiyo a ranar 19 ga Agusta, 2018 . Dalilin da gwamnati ta bayar na rushe gidan shine saboda wurin da gidan yake ya saba wa ka'idojin hukumar tsara birane. Wannan ya haifar da fushi daga magoya baya da masu tausayawa. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Yinka Ayefele ta auri Temitope Titilope Ayefele kuma an albarkace ta da 'ya'ya huɗu, uku da aka haifa a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 2019, kuma an haifi ɗa na huɗu a watan Oktoba, 2024. == Takaddama == A watan Fabrairun 2026, mawakin gargajiya mai suna Beautiful Nubia (Segun Akinlolu) ya zargi Ayefele da amfani da wakarsa ta 1997 mai suna "Seven Lifes" ba tare da izini ba. Takaddamar ta ta'allaka ne akan waƙar Ayefele ta 2012 mai suna "My Faith in God (Igbagbo Ireti)," wadda Beautiful Nubia ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta karɓi manyan waƙoƙi daga aikinsa na asali ba tare da izini ko lasisi ba. Ayefele ya riga ya tattauna ra'ayoyinsa kan aro mai daɗi a lokacin hira da aka yi da shi a Fresh FM, yana mai ba da shawarar yin amfani da waƙoƙin da ake da su a cikin nau'in bishara. Har zuwa ƙarshen watan Fabrairun 2026, babu wani martani da aka bayar a hukumance game da waɗannan zarge-zargen. <ref name="ReportersAtLarge2026">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-02-21 |title=Yinka Ayefele, Beautiful Nubia Copyright Dispute |url=https://reportersatlarge.com/2026/02/21/yinka-ayefele-beautiful-nubia-copyright-dispute/ |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=Reporters At Large}}</ref> == Kundin Waƙoƙi == * ''Ƙwarewa Mai Ɗaci'' (1998) * ''Kwarewa Mai Daɗi'' (1999) * ''Wani Abu'' (2000) * ''Shiga Cikin Allah'' (2001) * ''Bikin Baje Kolin Nishaɗi'' (2002) * ''Rayuwa bayan Mutuwa'' (2003) * ''Buri'' (2004) * ''Cika'' (2005) * ''Sabon Alfijir'' (2005) * ''Mataki na Gaba'' (2006) * ''Godiya'' (2007) * ''Yabo Mai Kyau'' (2008) * ''Sauye-sauye'' (2009) * ''Alheri Madawwami'' (2010) * ''Wurin Addu'a'' (2011) * ''Alherin Allah'' (2012) * ''Mai Ta'aziyya'' (2013) * ''Mai Nasara'' (2014) * ''Ƙarfafawa'' (2015) * ''Farin Tsarki'' (2016) * ''Shaida Mai Rai'' (2017) * ''Favour'' (2018) * ''Bayan Iyakoki'' (2019) * Ekundayo (Exhilaration) (2020) * Bayyanar (2021) * Ya Yi Kyau Sosai (2022) * ''Ta'aziyya'' (2023) * Tungba Praise Pro max (2024) * Tunani (2025) == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] 0n5fvs256yara1t1mui3zvyr5gq0pde 892954 892953 2026-08-08T11:04:19Z Halima Waziri 29451 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357328095|Yinka Ayefele]]" 892954 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Olayinka Joel Ayefele''' [[Order of the Niger|MON]] mai samar da kiɗa ne na Najeriya, mawaƙin bishara, mai gabatar da rediyo, kuma wanda ya kafa cibiyar sadarwa ta Fresh da Blast FM na tashoshin rediyo a duk faɗin kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-27 |title=Nigeria's Fresh FM radio station partially demolished following critical reporting |url=https://cpj.org/2018/08/nigerias-fresh-fm-radio-station-partially-demolish/ |access-date=2021-03-13 |website=Committee to Protect Journalists |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Ayefele a Ipoti-Ekiti, wani gari a [[Ekiti|jihar Ekiti]] a kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]] ga dangin Joshua Taiwo Ayefele == Ilimi == Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Anglican ta Our Saviours da ke Ipoti-Ekiti don karatunsa na firamare da sakandare kafin daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Jihar Ondo da ke Ikare Akoko, Jihar Ondo, Najeriya . [1] == Sana'a == Ayefele ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin ɗan jarida kuma mai watsa shirye-shirye a [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria]], [[Ibadan]], inda ya kuma shirya waƙoƙi da waƙoƙi a rediyo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yinka Ayefele Bereaved As Late Father Wanted Him To Be A Banker |url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/29520/54/yinka-ayefele-bereaved-as-late-father-wanted-him-t.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211145206/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/29520/54/yinka-ayefele-bereaved-as-late-father-wanted-him-t.html |archive-date=11 February 2015 |access-date=11 February 2015 |website=nigeriafilms.com}}</ref> Ya fara aikinsa na waƙa a shekarar 1997 bayan ya yi hatsarin mota wanda ya lalata ƙashin bayansa kuma ya sa ya dogara da keken guragu. A lokacin da yake asibiti inda ya shafe kimanin watanni 9, abokinsa, Kola Olootu, ya ziyarce shi ya kuma ba shi shawara ya haɗa wasu waƙoƙi. Wannan shawara ta haifar da fitowar kundin wakokinsa na farko mai suna ''Bitter Experience'' a shekarar 1998 wanda ya jawo hankalinsa ga jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |title=People Take Advantage of My Condition----Yinka Ayefele |url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/6075/3/people-take-advantage-of-my-condition-yinka-ayefel.html |access-date=11 February 2015 |website=modernghana.com}}</ref> Bayan fitowar ''Bitter Experience'', sai aka fitar da ''Sweet Experience'' . Sauran kundin waƙoƙin da mawaƙin bishara ya fitar sune ''Something Else'', ''Divine Intervention'' da ''Life after death'', waɗanda aka fitar don girmama [[Gbenga Adeboye]], wani mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen rediyo na Najeriya, mawaƙi kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yinka Ayefele – Gbenga Adeboye Life after death |url=http://www.last.fm/music/Yinka+Ayefele/_/Gbenga+Adeboye+Life+after+death |access-date=11 February 2015 |website=Last.fm}}</ref> Taken ''Bitter Experience'' ya nuna wahalarsa kuma ''Sweet Experience'' shine zaki bayan "Bitter Experience". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Administrator |title=About Yinka Ayefele |url=http://ayefeleradio.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=109&Itemid=191 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211145017/http://ayefeleradio.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=109&Itemid=191 |archive-date=11 February 2015 |access-date=11 February 2015 |website=ayefeleradio.com}}</ref> Wakokin Ayefele sun fito ne daga kamfanoni daban-daban, ciki har da API Music (Alloy Production International) daga 1998 zuwa 2009, Galaxy Music (2008–2018), da kuma Role Model Entertainment (2019). [[Fayil:Yinka_Ayefele_music_house_ado_ekiti.jpg|thumb| Yinka Ayefele music house ado ekiti]] == Lambobin yabo da girmamawa == Ayefele ya sami kyaututtuka sama da 200. <ref>{{Cite web |title=HISTORIC: HONOR NIGHT IN TORONTO! Ayefele Bags 200th Award in Canada...Receives Special Lifetime Achievement Award * Nigeria Embassy Officials to witness Ceremony * Sir Shina Peters as Special Guest! |url=http://nigeriastandardnewspaper.com/ng/historic-honor-night-in-toronto-ayefele-bags-200th-award-in-canadareceives-special-lifetime-achievement-award-nigeria-embassy-officials-to-witness-ceremony-sir-shina-peters-as-special/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211131859/http://nigeriastandardnewspaper.com/ng/historic-honor-night-in-toronto-ayefele-bags-200th-award-in-canadareceives-special-lifetime-achievement-award-nigeria-embassy-officials-to-witness-ceremony-sir-shina-peters-as-special/ |archive-date=11 February 2015 |access-date=11 February 2015 |website=nigeriastandardnewspaper.com}}</ref> Daga cikin wasu kyaututtuka akwai: * An ba wa [[Goodluck Jonathan|Goodluck Ebele Jonathan]], shugaban [[Najeriya|tarayyar Najeriya]] kyautar memba na [[Order of the Niger]] (2011) * Kyautar jakadan al'adu na [[Ekiti]] == Tashar rediyo == '''Yinka Ayefele''' tana da hanyar sadarwa ta gidajen rediyo a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya mai suna Fresh FM. An kafa sashen Ibadan na cibiyar sadarwa a shekarar 2015 kuma [[Hukumar watsa shirye-shirye ta kasa|Hukumar Yaɗa Labarai ta Ƙasa]] ta Najeriya ta ba da lasisi a ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 2015. An buɗe wasu sassan gidajen rediyo na Ayefele, a lokuta daban-daban tun daga lokacin, a [[Abeokuta]], [[Ado-Ekiti|Ado Ekiti]], [[Akure]], [[Osogbo]] da [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=People |first=City |date=2022-07-07 |title=AYEFELE'S FRESH FM BEGINS TRANSMISSION IN LAGOS |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/ayefeles-fresh-fm-begins-transmission-in-lagos/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:AYEFELE_MUSIC_HOUSE,_Challenge_Ibadan_3.jpg|thumb| Gidan Wakar Ayefele, Kalubalen Ibadan]] Gwamnatin [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]] ta rushe gidan kida na Ayefele, wanda kuma ke dauke da gidan rediyon Fresh FM da kuma wani sitidiyo a ranar 19 ga Agusta, 2018 . Dalilin da gwamnati ta bayar na rushe gidan shine saboda wurin da gidan yake ya saba wa ka'idojin hukumar tsara birane. Wannan ya haifar da fushi daga magoya baya da masu tausayawa. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Yinka Ayefele ta auri Temitope Titilope Ayefele kuma an albarkace ta da 'ya'ya huɗu, uku da aka haifa a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 2019, kuma an haifi ɗa na huɗu a watan Oktoba, 2024. == Takaddama == A watan Fabrairun 2026, mawakin gargajiya mai suna Beautiful Nubia (Segun Akinlolu) ya zargi Ayefele da amfani da wakarsa ta 1997 mai suna "Seven Lifes" ba tare da izini ba. Takaddamar ta ta'allaka ne akan waƙar Ayefele ta 2012 mai suna "My Faith in God (Igbagbo Ireti)," wadda Beautiful Nubia ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta karɓi manyan waƙoƙi daga aikinsa na asali ba tare da izini ko lasisi ba. Ayefele ya riga ya tattauna ra'ayoyinsa kan aro mai daɗi a lokacin hira da aka yi da shi a Fresh FM, yana mai ba da shawarar yin amfani da waƙoƙin da ake da su a cikin nau'in bishara. Har zuwa ƙarshen watan Fabrairun 2026, babu wani martani da aka bayar a hukumance game da waɗannan zarge-zargen. <ref name="ReportersAtLarge2026">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-02-21 |title=Yinka Ayefele, Beautiful Nubia Copyright Dispute |url=https://reportersatlarge.com/2026/02/21/yinka-ayefele-beautiful-nubia-copyright-dispute/ |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=Reporters At Large}}</ref> == Kundin Waƙoƙi == * ''Ƙwarewa Mai Ɗaci'' (1998) * ''Kwarewa Mai Daɗi'' (1999) * ''Wani Abu'' (2000) * ''Shiga Cikin Allah'' (2001) * ''Bikin Baje Kolin Nishaɗi'' (2002) * ''Rayuwa bayan Mutuwa'' (2003) * ''Buri'' (2004) * ''Cika'' (2005) * ''Sabon Alfijir'' (2005) * ''Mataki na Gaba'' (2006) * ''Godiya'' (2007) * ''Yabo Mai Kyau'' (2008) * ''Sauye-sauye'' (2009) * ''Alheri Madawwami'' (2010) * ''Wurin Addu'a'' (2011) * ''Alherin Allah'' (2012) * ''Mai Ta'aziyya'' (2013) * ''Mai Nasara'' (2014) * ''Ƙarfafawa'' (2015) * ''Farin Tsarki'' (2016) * ''Shaida Mai Rai'' (2017) * ''Favour'' (2018) * ''Bayan Iyakoki'' (2019) * Ekundayo (Exhilaration) (2020) * Bayyanar (2021) * Ya Yi Kyau Sosai (2022) * ''Ta'aziyya'' (2023) * Tungba Praise Pro max (2024) * Tunani (2025) == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] apu56icr5pti2990l8yz3douyyvb4pz 892955 892954 2026-08-08T11:04:57Z Halima Waziri 29451 Saka databox 892955 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  {{Databox}} '''Olayinka Joel Ayefele''' [[Order of the Niger|MON]] mai samar da kiɗa ne na Najeriya, mawaƙin bishara, mai gabatar da rediyo, kuma wanda ya kafa cibiyar sadarwa ta Fresh da Blast FM na tashoshin rediyo a duk faɗin kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-27 |title=Nigeria's Fresh FM radio station partially demolished following critical reporting |url=https://cpj.org/2018/08/nigerias-fresh-fm-radio-station-partially-demolish/ |access-date=2021-03-13 |website=Committee to Protect Journalists |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Ayefele a Ipoti-Ekiti, wani gari a [[Ekiti|jihar Ekiti]] a kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]] ga dangin Joshua Taiwo Ayefele == Ilimi == Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Anglican ta Our Saviours da ke Ipoti-Ekiti don karatunsa na firamare da sakandare kafin daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Jihar Ondo da ke Ikare Akoko, Jihar Ondo, Najeriya . [1] == Sana'a == Ayefele ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin ɗan jarida kuma mai watsa shirye-shirye a [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria]], [[Ibadan]], inda ya kuma shirya waƙoƙi da waƙoƙi a rediyo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yinka Ayefele Bereaved As Late Father Wanted Him To Be A Banker |url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/29520/54/yinka-ayefele-bereaved-as-late-father-wanted-him-t.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211145206/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/29520/54/yinka-ayefele-bereaved-as-late-father-wanted-him-t.html |archive-date=11 February 2015 |access-date=11 February 2015 |website=nigeriafilms.com}}</ref> Ya fara aikinsa na waƙa a shekarar 1997 bayan ya yi hatsarin mota wanda ya lalata ƙashin bayansa kuma ya sa ya dogara da keken guragu. A lokacin da yake asibiti inda ya shafe kimanin watanni 9, abokinsa, Kola Olootu, ya ziyarce shi ya kuma ba shi shawara ya haɗa wasu waƙoƙi. Wannan shawara ta haifar da fitowar kundin wakokinsa na farko mai suna ''Bitter Experience'' a shekarar 1998 wanda ya jawo hankalinsa ga jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |title=People Take Advantage of My Condition----Yinka Ayefele |url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/6075/3/people-take-advantage-of-my-condition-yinka-ayefel.html |access-date=11 February 2015 |website=modernghana.com}}</ref> Bayan fitowar ''Bitter Experience'', sai aka fitar da ''Sweet Experience'' . Sauran kundin waƙoƙin da mawaƙin bishara ya fitar sune ''Something Else'', ''Divine Intervention'' da ''Life after death'', waɗanda aka fitar don girmama [[Gbenga Adeboye]], wani mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen rediyo na Najeriya, mawaƙi kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yinka Ayefele – Gbenga Adeboye Life after death |url=http://www.last.fm/music/Yinka+Ayefele/_/Gbenga+Adeboye+Life+after+death |access-date=11 February 2015 |website=Last.fm}}</ref> Taken ''Bitter Experience'' ya nuna wahalarsa kuma ''Sweet Experience'' shine zaki bayan "Bitter Experience". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Administrator |title=About Yinka Ayefele |url=http://ayefeleradio.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=109&Itemid=191 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211145017/http://ayefeleradio.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=109&Itemid=191 |archive-date=11 February 2015 |access-date=11 February 2015 |website=ayefeleradio.com}}</ref> Wakokin Ayefele sun fito ne daga kamfanoni daban-daban, ciki har da API Music (Alloy Production International) daga 1998 zuwa 2009, Galaxy Music (2008–2018), da kuma Role Model Entertainment (2019). [[Fayil:Yinka_Ayefele_music_house_ado_ekiti.jpg|thumb| Yinka Ayefele music house ado ekiti]] == Lambobin yabo da girmamawa == Ayefele ya sami kyaututtuka sama da 200. <ref>{{Cite web |title=HISTORIC: HONOR NIGHT IN TORONTO! Ayefele Bags 200th Award in Canada...Receives Special Lifetime Achievement Award * Nigeria Embassy Officials to witness Ceremony * Sir Shina Peters as Special Guest! |url=http://nigeriastandardnewspaper.com/ng/historic-honor-night-in-toronto-ayefele-bags-200th-award-in-canadareceives-special-lifetime-achievement-award-nigeria-embassy-officials-to-witness-ceremony-sir-shina-peters-as-special/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211131859/http://nigeriastandardnewspaper.com/ng/historic-honor-night-in-toronto-ayefele-bags-200th-award-in-canadareceives-special-lifetime-achievement-award-nigeria-embassy-officials-to-witness-ceremony-sir-shina-peters-as-special/ |archive-date=11 February 2015 |access-date=11 February 2015 |website=nigeriastandardnewspaper.com}}</ref> Daga cikin wasu kyaututtuka akwai: * An ba wa [[Goodluck Jonathan|Goodluck Ebele Jonathan]], shugaban [[Najeriya|tarayyar Najeriya]] kyautar memba na [[Order of the Niger]] (2011) * Kyautar jakadan al'adu na [[Ekiti]] == Tashar rediyo == '''Yinka Ayefele''' tana da hanyar sadarwa ta gidajen rediyo a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya mai suna Fresh FM. An kafa sashen Ibadan na cibiyar sadarwa a shekarar 2015 kuma [[Hukumar watsa shirye-shirye ta kasa|Hukumar Yaɗa Labarai ta Ƙasa]] ta Najeriya ta ba da lasisi a ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 2015. An buɗe wasu sassan gidajen rediyo na Ayefele, a lokuta daban-daban tun daga lokacin, a [[Abeokuta]], [[Ado-Ekiti|Ado Ekiti]], [[Akure]], [[Osogbo]] da [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=People |first=City |date=2022-07-07 |title=AYEFELE'S FRESH FM BEGINS TRANSMISSION IN LAGOS |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/ayefeles-fresh-fm-begins-transmission-in-lagos/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:AYEFELE_MUSIC_HOUSE,_Challenge_Ibadan_3.jpg|thumb| Gidan Wakar Ayefele, Kalubalen Ibadan]] Gwamnatin [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]] ta rushe gidan kida na Ayefele, wanda kuma ke dauke da gidan rediyon Fresh FM da kuma wani sitidiyo a ranar 19 ga Agusta, 2018 . Dalilin da gwamnati ta bayar na rushe gidan shine saboda wurin da gidan yake ya saba wa ka'idojin hukumar tsara birane. Wannan ya haifar da fushi daga magoya baya da masu tausayawa. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Yinka Ayefele ta auri Temitope Titilope Ayefele kuma an albarkace ta da 'ya'ya huɗu, uku da aka haifa a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 2019, kuma an haifi ɗa na huɗu a watan Oktoba, 2024. == Takaddama == A watan Fabrairun 2026, mawakin gargajiya mai suna Beautiful Nubia (Segun Akinlolu) ya zargi Ayefele da amfani da wakarsa ta 1997 mai suna "Seven Lifes" ba tare da izini ba. Takaddamar ta ta'allaka ne akan waƙar Ayefele ta 2012 mai suna "My Faith in God (Igbagbo Ireti)," wadda Beautiful Nubia ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta karɓi manyan waƙoƙi daga aikinsa na asali ba tare da izini ko lasisi ba. Ayefele ya riga ya tattauna ra'ayoyinsa kan aro mai daɗi a lokacin hira da aka yi da shi a Fresh FM, yana mai ba da shawarar yin amfani da waƙoƙin da ake da su a cikin nau'in bishara. Har zuwa ƙarshen watan Fabrairun 2026, babu wani martani da aka bayar a hukumance game da waɗannan zarge-zargen. <ref name="ReportersAtLarge2026">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-02-21 |title=Yinka Ayefele, Beautiful Nubia Copyright Dispute |url=https://reportersatlarge.com/2026/02/21/yinka-ayefele-beautiful-nubia-copyright-dispute/ |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=Reporters At Large}}</ref> == Kundin Waƙoƙi == * ''Ƙwarewa Mai Ɗaci'' (1998) * ''Kwarewa Mai Daɗi'' (1999) * ''Wani Abu'' (2000) * ''Shiga Cikin Allah'' (2001) * ''Bikin Baje Kolin Nishaɗi'' (2002) * ''Rayuwa bayan Mutuwa'' (2003) * ''Buri'' (2004) * ''Cika'' (2005) * ''Sabon Alfijir'' (2005) * ''Mataki na Gaba'' (2006) * ''Godiya'' (2007) * ''Yabo Mai Kyau'' (2008) * ''Sauye-sauye'' (2009) * ''Alheri Madawwami'' (2010) * ''Wurin Addu'a'' (2011) * ''Alherin Allah'' (2012) * ''Mai Ta'aziyya'' (2013) * ''Mai Nasara'' (2014) * ''Ƙarfafawa'' (2015) * ''Farin Tsarki'' (2016) * ''Shaida Mai Rai'' (2017) * ''Favour'' (2018) * ''Bayan Iyakoki'' (2019) * Ekundayo (Exhilaration) (2020) * Bayyanar (2021) * Ya Yi Kyau Sosai (2022) * ''Ta'aziyya'' (2023) * Tungba Praise Pro max (2024) * Tunani (2025) == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] 5gvhlco5dz2trxwfxfsezx4664nrazb 0 80051 892763 506978 2026-08-08T06:03:53Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 892763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:UniversityOfVenda.JPG|thumb|Shigarwa zuwa Jami'ar Venda]] [[Fayil:Univen.jpg|thumb|Jami'ar Venda]] [[Fayil:University of Agenda Freedom Square.jpg|thumb|Jamiar venda]] '''Jami'ar Venda''' ('''Univen''') cikakkiyar cibiya ce ta [[Afirka ta Kudu]], wacce ke cikin Thohoyandou a lardin Limpopo . An kafa ta a cikin 1981 a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Venda ta lokacin. <ref>https://www.univen.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Univen-History-Book.pdf</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa jami'ar ne a shekarar 1981 don yin hidima ga mazaunan Venda Bantustan; duk da haka, ɗaliban ɗalibai a Univen ba su taɓa kunshe da ɗaliban Venda ba kawai yayin da ɗalibai daga ko'ina cikin Arewacin Transvaal suka halarci ma'aikatar. Bayan karshen wariyar launin fata da sake hadewar bantustans a Afirka ta Kudu, an jawo ɗaliban Univen daga ko'ina cikin Afirka ta Kudu. Tare da shirin gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu na sake fasalin ilimi na sakandare a cikin sabon karni, Univen ya zama "[[Jami'a|jami'a mai zurfi]]", yana ba da darussan da aka tsara da kuma kusan.<ref>https://www.univen.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Univen-History-Book.pdf</ref> == Cibiyar == Jami'ar Venda tana da babban harabar guda ɗaya a Thohoyandou . Cibiyar tana da dukkan bangarori huɗu na ma'aikatar, wato * Kwalejin Kimiyya, Injiniya da Aikin Gona, * Ma'aikatar Humanities, Social Sciences da Ilimi, * Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Lafiya, * Ma'aikatar Gudanarwa, Kasuwanci da Shari'a. Har ila yau, harabar tana da Gidan zane-zane, wanda ke nuna zane-zane da tukwane na yumɓu da dalibai da membobin yankin suka yi. Bugu da ƙari, harabar tana da Cibiyar Wasanni ta cikakken lokaci don wasanni na cikin gida da sauran ayyukan nishaɗi kamar wasan kwaikwayo da rawa. Babban harabar tana da gidaje 13 na hukuma: Bernard Ncube, Carousel, F3, F4, F5, Lost City Boys, Lost City Girls, Mango Groove, Riverside, New Male Res, New Female Res, Mvelaphanda Male da Mvelaphand Female. == Taron Wakilin Dalibai == Wakilan ɗalibai na Jami'ar Venda sun ƙunshi tsarin majalisa mai mambobi 84. Kwamitin majalisa mai mambobi 14, shugaban SRC, yana jagorantar shi. Za'a iya raba taron zuwa kashi uku: sashi na farko shine majalisar ministocin da shugaban kasa ke jagoranta, sannan mataimakin shugaban kasa, sakatare janar, da mataimakin sakatare-janar; akwai fannoni tara na ministoci kamar haka: Ma'aikatar Campus da Gidajen waje, Ma'aikalin Ilimi, Ma'aikatan Kudi, Bursaries da Ayyuka, Ma'aikata da Ayyuka na Jima'aikatun da Masu nakasa, Ma'adikatar Lafiya, Tsaro da Tsaro, Ma'amala, Ma'antar Kasuwanci, Ma'antu, Ma'anar, Ma'Ayyuka, Ma Ma'aikin Kasuwanci da Harkokin Kasuwanci a can, Ma'aikacin Kasuwanci na Shari'aikataikatar, Ma'aduwa, Ma'ana, Ma' Yanayi, Ma'ada, Ma'aurata, Ma'umma, Ma'adanar, Ma Ma Ma'aikata, Ma'anda, Ma'atu, Harkokin Kasasa, Harkokin Shari'a, Harkokin Mulki, Harkokin Waje, Harkokin Kasa da Har Sashe na biyu na SRC shine Tsarin. Wadannan sun hada da shugabannin mutane hudu na Majalisar Dalibai Masu nakasa (DSC), Majalisar Wakilai ta Gidaje (HRC), Kwamitin Wasanni, Nishaɗi da Al'adu (SRCC) da kuma Kwamitin Makarantu daga dukkan makarantu takwas na jami'ar. Sashe na uku shine majalisa, wanda ya ƙunshi kwamitoci a ƙarƙashin kowane matsayi na minista. Kowane memba na SRC ana tura shi majalisa ta hanyar ƙungiyar ɗalibai da suke ciki, ban da kashi na uku na Majalisar Wakilai ta Dalibai, waɗanda ke yin kamfen da kansu. Ana zabar Kakakin majalisa a zaman majalisa na farko da majalisar ta hanyar. Majalisar dalibai tana zaune sau hudu a shekara, sau ɗaya a kowane kwata na shekara. Univen SRC ta ƙunshi mambobi daga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai da aka amince da su a harabar su ne: AZAPO Student Convention (AZASCO), Democratic Alliance Student Organization (DASO), Economic Freedom Fighters Student Command (EFFSC), Pan-Africanist Student Movement of Azania (PASMA), South African Student Congress (SASCO), Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Kirista (SCO) da sabuwar ƙungiyar ABSC (ABANTU BATHO STUDENT CONGRESS). Kowace kungiya tana fafatawa a cikin babban zabe don tura mambobi zuwa SRC, wa'adin ofis shekara guda ne, kuma lokacin yana farawa bayan zaben shekara-shekara a ƙarshen Satumba ko farkon Oktoba. Jam'iyyar da ke mulki a shekarar 2023-2024 ita ce Kwamitin Dalibai na Yaki da 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki (EFFSC) wanda ba a ba da shi ba. John Daka shine zababben shugaban kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Economic Freedom Fighters Student Command (EFFSC) is leading the UNIVEN 2023/24 SRC elections |url=https://www.univen.ac.za/news/economic-freedom-fighters-student-command-effsc-is-leading-the-univen-2023-24-src-elections/ |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=University of Venda |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kafofin watsa labarai da wallafe-wallafe == Jami'ar Venda tana da tashar rediyo, UNIVEN FM, wacce ke watsa shirye-shirye a 99.8 MHz. Tashar ta kai ga yankunan Vhembe da Mopani, da kuma yankin arewacin Kruger National Park a gefen gabas. Manyan harsunan watsa shirye-shirye sune Turanci, Tshivenda, Sepedi, da Xitsonga. UNIVEN FM ta fara watsa shirye-shirye a cikin 1997, tana ba da mahimman bayanai da nishaɗi ga al'ummar da ke kewaye.UNIVEN kuma ta buga wata takarda, Nendila, wacce ke nuna nasarorin da jami'ar ta samu. Nendila tushe ne mai mahimmanci na bayanai ga ɗalibai, ma'aikata, da kuma al'umma. Baya ga tashar rediyo da takardar labarai, Jami'ar Venda tana da muhimmiyar kasancewar a kafofin sada zumunta. Jami'ar tana kula da asusun [[Fezbuk|Facebook]], TikTok, Instagram, da LinkedIn, inda take sanya labarai, abubuwan da suka faru, da sauran bayanai game da ma'aikatar. Wadannan dandamali suna ba da damar jami'ar ta kai ga masu sauraro da yawa kuma ta gina dangantaka da al'ummarta. == Abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan == * A cikin 2022, UNIVEN ta yi bikin cika shekaru 40 na samar da ilimi da tsara tsararraki masu zuwa a cikin al'ummomin gida da na duniya. A cikin tarihinta, jami'ar ta ci gaba da himmatu ga aikinta na inganta ingantaccen ilimi, bincike, da sabis ga al'ummominta. * A ƙarshen 2022, UNIVEN tana da masu bincike 33 na NRF: maza 26 da mata 7. * An sanya jami'ar a cikin manyan cibiyoyin duniya. A watan Janairun 2024, Times Higher Education ta buga matsayi na shekara-shekara na manyan jami'o'in duniya na 2024, tare da lissafin jami'o-kashen Afirka ta Kudu daga cikinsu, tare da Jami'ar Venda ta kasance ta 17 mafi kyawun Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu. * A cikin 2023, Jami'ar Venda ta yi tarihi ta hanyar zama cibiyar ta biyu da ba ta da masaniya a Afirka ta Kudu don karɓar bakuncin Cibiyar Fasaha ta Green Confucius. Wannan gagarumin nasarar ya ba jami'ar damar fadada abubuwan da take bayarwa a cikin fasahar kore da dorewa, da kuma bunkasa ci gaba da dangantaka da Jami'ar Fasaha ta Hubei, China. Wannan shirin zai inganta musayar ilimi da ra'ayoyi a fannonin fasahar kore da ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Cibiyar za ta kuma sauƙaƙa musayar harshe da fahimtar al'adu tsakanin ɗalibai da malamai daga jami'o'i biyu. * A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, Jami'ar Venda ta dauki wani muhimmin mataki ta hanyar ƙaddamar da Cibiyar Kasuwanci da Saurin Gudanarwa. Cibiyar tana ba da tallafin ci gaban kasuwanci ga 'yan kasuwa a duk faɗin ƙasar, tare da mai da hankali ga waɗanda ke cikin ƙauyuka da yankunan da ba su da wadata. * Jami'ar Venda ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa a 2023 HUAWEI SOUTH AFRICA ICT Talent Development Awards. UNIVEN ta lashe kyaututtuka a cikin rukunin Mafi Kyawun Cibiyar ICT, Mafi Kyawun Mai Sabuntawa na Dalibai, da Mafi Kyawun Masu Gudanar da Software na Dalibai. Wadannan kyaututtuka suna nuna kyawawan jami'ar a cikin fasahar bayanai da sadarwa, da kuma jajircewarta ga bunkasa ƙarni na gaba na ƙwarewar ICT. Haɗin gwiwar tare da Huawei yana bawa ɗaliban Jami'ar damar fallasa shirye-shiryen masana'antu masu alaƙa da ICT, suna haɓaka damar samun aiki. Shirye-shiryen da aka bayar sun haɗa da 5G, AI da sadarwa ta bayanai. * UNIVEN: Alamar jami'a mafi kyau a Afirka ta Kudu. Jami'ar Venda (UNIVEN) an kira ta daya daga cikin manyan alamomi a Afirka ta Kudu bisa ga binciken Sunday Times GenNext na baya-bayan nan. Binciken ya gano alamun Afirka ta Kudu da aka fi sha'awa a cikin nau'o'i 70 waɗanda suka haɗa da cibiyoyin ilimi mafi girma. UNIVEN ta fito ne daga saman doke dukkan sanannun jami'o'in Afirka ta Kudu da ke cikin birane. Binciken ya nuna cewa alamar UNIVEN ta shahara a tsakanin matasa na Kudu a yankunan karkara da birane. An gudanar da binciken Sunday Times GenNext tare da mahalarta 5,900, kuma PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) sun bincika sakamakon don inganci. Binciken ya rufe makarantu 98 kuma ya shiga cikin dalibai masu shekaru 8-18, da kuma matasa masu sana'a masu shekaru 25-30. == Kudi == UNIVEN jami'a ce da ke da tallafin jama'a a Afirka ta Kudu, ma'ana tana samun tallafin kuɗi daga gwamnatin ƙasa. Duk da yake jami'ar tana samun tallafi daga gwamnati, tana kuma dogara da gudummawar masu zaman kansu da sauran nau'ikan tallafi don ci gaba da aikinta. UNIVEN tana ba da tallafin kuɗi da tallafi ga ɗalibai, gami da Shirin Taimako na Dalibai na Kasa (NSFAS), Bursary na Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa, da Ma'aikatar Kimiyya da Innovation (DSI) da kuma Majalisar Binciken Kimiyya da Masana'antu (CSIR). Wadannan tallafin suna rufe farashi iri-iri, gami da kudaden karatu, masauki, littattafai, da sauran kayan ilmantarwa. Wadannan damar taimakon kudi an tsara su ne don tallafawa dalibai wajen samun damar ilimi mai inganci a UNIVEN. == Matsayi == {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |'''Lokaci Mafi Girma Ilimi Matsayi 2024''' |- !Shekara !Matsayi na Duniya |- |2024 |1201–1500 |- | colspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-20 |title=World University Rankings 2024 (South Africa) |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2024/world-ranking#!/length/25/locations/ZAF/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=Times Higher Education (THE) |language=en}}</ref> |} == Manazarta == j1m1e6h738pr146axyzalhcjza4ogs0 0 80868 892772 722807 2026-08-08T06:54:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Masroor Hosain, Nur Khan, Ayub Khan (Sargodha; 1965).png|thumb|nur khan]] [[Fayil:Masroor Hosain, Nur Khan, Ayub Khan (Sargodha; 1965).png|thumb|nur khan]] '''Nur Khan Liton''' lauya ne ɗan ƙasar [[Bangladesh]] kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin ɗan Adam.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-09-10 |title=An unending wait for justice |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/unending-wait-justice-2172671 |access-date=2023-03-06 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ahasan |first=Nazmul |date=2019-02-01 |title=Vigilante justice or what? |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/more-just-facts/news/vigilante-justice-or-what-1695634 |access-date=2023-03-06 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Shi ne tsohon shugaba kuma babban sakatare na Ain o Salish Kendra, ƙungiyar agaji ta ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Fears of radicalization loom |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/504766/jserrors/ajax/aggregate |access-date=2023-03-06 |work=Arab News |language=en}}</ref> Ya yi magana kan kisan gilla da take hakin bil Adama a Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rights violations eclipse development |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/134295/rights-violations-eclipse-development |access-date=2023-03-06 |work=New Age |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306150255/https://www.newagebd.net/article/134295/rights-violations-eclipse-development |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="AFP/Dhaka">{{Cite news |date=2016-10-26 |title=Police kill two Islamist party men in gunfights |url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/518793/police-kill-two-islamist-party-men-in-gunfights |access-date=2023-03-06 |work=Gulf Times |agency=Agence France-Presse |language=en}}</ref> Ya yi suka kan ɓacewar da aka yi a Bangladesh tare da yin kira da a gudanar da bincike kan lamarin.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-01-20 |title=Form credible probe commission |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/rights/news/form-credible-probe-commission-2942901 |access-date=2023-03-06 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> == Sana'a == A cikin shekarar 1993, Liton ya rubuta wata kasida a cikin Dhaka Courier mai sukar Dokar Hana Ma'aikata na Yara Sanata Tom Harkin. Ya kasance tare da ƙungiyoyi a Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T6FuAAAAMAAJ&q=Nur+Khan+Liton |title=Indonesia News Service |date=1994 |publisher=Indonesia Publications,. |pages=11 |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga watan Mayu 2014, an yi yunkurin sace Liton daga Lalmatia, [[Dhaka]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ALERT! Attempted Abduction of Bangladesh Human Rights Defender |url=https://www.askbd.org/ask/?wysija-page=1&controller=email&action=view&email_id=19&wysijap=subscriptions |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=askbd.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=BANGLADESH: Abduction insanity targets Nur Khan |url=http://www.humanrights.asia/news/ahrc-news/AHRC-STM-090-2014/ |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=Asian Human Rights Commission |language=en-US}}</ref> Wannan dai ya kasance ne a daidai lokacin da wasu fitattun mutane suka yi garkuwa da su a Bangladesh da suka hrefaɗa da Kisa Bakwai na Narayangadia<ref>https://www-tbsnews-net.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/waiting-govt-disband-rab-nur-khan-liton-1024166?amp_js_v=a6&amp_gsa=1&amp&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#aoh=17479079679439&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbsnews.net%2Fbangladesh%2Fwaiting-govt-disband-rab-nur-khan-liton-1024166</ref> Liton ya shigar da littafin diary ga ofishin ‘yan sanda na Mohammadpur game da lamarin. <ref name=":0" /> Liton da wasu fitattun masu fafutuka 58 sun yi kira ga gwamnati da ta saki Mahmudur Rahman Manna, mai gabatar da kara na Nagorik Oikya, a watan Disamba 2015.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2014-05-15 |title=Rights activist Nur Khan escapes abduction bid |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/rights-activist-nur-khan-escapes-abduction-bid-24236 |access-date=2023-03-06 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> A watan Oktoban 2016, ya yi kira da a gudanar da bincike kan mutuwar shugabannin Jamaat-e-Islami na Bangladesh guda biyu da aka kashe a wani harin bindiga da ake zargin 'yan sandan Bangladesh ne. Liton ya shaidawa [[New York Times|jaridar The New York Times]] cewa bayan harin Dhaka na watan Yulin 2016 gwamnatin Bangladesh ta kashe mutane akalla 31 da ake zargi da ta'addanci a harbe-harbe.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mahmud |first=Faisal |title=Over 100 drug dealers surrender in Bangladesh crackdown |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/2/16/over-100-drug-dealers-surrender-in-bangladesh-crackdown |access-date=2023-03-06 |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Liton ya yi magana game da sace Farhad Mazhar a watan Yuli 2017. Ya soki kisan gilla da aka yi a lokacin yakin miyagun kwayoyi na Bangladesh a cikin shekarar 2018. A shekarar 2019, Liton ya bayyana gobara a cikin unguwannin marasa galihu a matsayin dabarar korar talakawa daga gidajensu sakamakon wata babbar gobara a Chittagong. Ya yi kira ga gwamnatin Bangladesh da ta yi wa wani jami’in ‘ yan sandan tsaron kan iyaka na Myanmar tambayoyi da ke tsare a yankin Bangladesh, ya kuma ce ‘yan gudun hijirar Rohingya a Bangladesh sun yi zargin cewa suna da hannu a take hakkin bil’adama a kan ‘yan [[Rohingya]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=cy |first=Lu |date=2019-01-28 |title=Missing Myanmar Border Guard Officer Found in Bangladesh Still Waiting Return |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/missing-myanmar-border-guard-officer-found-bangladesh-still-waiting-return.html |access-date=2023-03-06 |magazine=The Irrawaddy |language=en-US}}</ref> Liton ya yi Allah-wadai da kama Ahmed Kabir Kishore, wani mai zane-zane, a shekarar 2020 yayin ɓarkewar cutar COVID-19 a Bangladesh. Ya soki 'yan sanda da suka ziyarci gidan Zillur Rahman, mai masaukin baki Tritiyo Matra, kuma ya bayyana hakan a matsayin dabarar tsoratarwa a cikin watan Disamba 2022. Ya yabawa takunkumin da Amurka ta kakabawa Bangladesh da cewa ta dakatar da kashe-kashen ba bisa ka'ida ba a kasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=US sanctions have stopped Bangladesh killings: rights activists - Region - World |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/460931.aspx |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=Ahram Online}}</ref> A cikin watan 2023, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ba Liton lambar yabo ta Global Defender Defender Awards. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2023 |title=U.S. Ambassador Honors Bangladeshi Winners of Environmental, Governance, and Human Rights Awards |url=https://bd.usembassy.gov/29263/ |access-date=6 March 2023 |website=[[Embassy of the United States, Dhaka]]}}</ref> Liton mai ba da shawara ne na Ƙungiyar Tallafawa Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] s9jcqksutdmpe6rxi1j0r47nrve9v7m 0 81339 892745 890970 2026-08-08T05:52:55Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 892745 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:BiodegradablePlasticUtensils1.jpg|thumb|Kayan filastik da za a iya lalata suKayan aiki]] [[Fayil:Flower_Wrapping_made_of_PLA-Blend_Bio-Flex.jpg|thumb|Rufewar furanni da akayi da PLA-blend bio-flex]] [[Fayil:Classification of bioplastics.jpg|thumb|rabe raben kayan roba]] '''Bioplastics''' kayan filastik ne da aka samar daga tushen biomass mai sabuntawa, kamar su kitse na kayan lambu da mai, [[starch]]" id="mwFA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Corn starch">starch na masara, kara, woodchips, sawdust, sharar abinci da aka sake amfani da su, da dai sauransu. Ana samun wasu bioplastics ta hanyar sarrafawa kai tsaye daga Biopolymers na halitta ciki har da polysaccharides (misali, starch, cellulose, chitosan, da Alginate) da sunadarai (misali), yayin da suka samo asali daga [[sukari]] ko kuma shuke-shuke da suka zama sinadarin sukari, sinadarin sinadarin (sugar, sinadarai) (sugar da sinadarin da sinadarai, sinadurin sinadarin) (samar, sinadari, sinadaran (misali) (s. Sabanin haka, filastik na yau da kullun, kamar filastik mai burbushin halittu (wanda ake kira polymers na [[Danyen mai|man fetur]]) an samo su ne daga man fetur ko iskar gas. Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin bioplastics shine 'yancin kansu daga man fetur a matsayin albarkatun kasa, wanda shine iyaka kuma ba'a rarraba shi ba'a duniya wanda keda alaƙa da siyasar man fetur da Tasirin muhalli. Nazarin nazarin sake zagayowar rayuwa ya nuna cewa ana iya yin wasu bioplastics tare da ƙananan sawun carbon fiye da takwarorinsu na burbushin halittu, misali lokacin da ake amfani da biomass a matsayin albarkatun kasa da kuma samar da makamashi. Koyaya, wasu hanyoyin bioplastics basu da inganci kuma suna haifar da sawun carbon mafi girma fiye da burbushin filastik. <ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Rosenboom |first=Jan-Georg |last2=Langer |first2=Robert |last3=Traverso |first3=Giovanni |date=2022-02-20 |title=Bioplastics for a circular economy |journal=Nature Reviews Materials |language=en |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=117–137 |bibcode=2022NatRM...7..117R |doi=10.1038/s41578-021-00407-8 |issn=2058-8437 |pmc=8771173 |pmid=35075395}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=S. |last2=Rothman |first2=R. |date=2020-07-10 |title=Life cycle assessment of bio-based and fossil-based plastic: A review |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652620312051 |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |language=en |volume=261 |page=121158 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121158 |issn=0959-6526 |s2cid=216414551 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pellis |first=Alessandro |last2=Malinconico |first2=Mario |last3=Guarneri |first3=Alice |last4=Gardossi |first4=Lucia |date=2021-01-25 |title=Renewable polymers and plastics: Performance beyond the green |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871678420301813 |journal=New Biotechnology |language=en |volume=60 |pages=146–158 |doi=10.1016/j.nbt.2020.10.003 |issn=1871-6784 |pmid=33068793 |s2cid=224321496}}</ref> Bambanci tsakanin filastik daba na ''burbushin halittu'' ba (bio) da filastik na burbushi yana da iyakacin dacewa tunda kayan kamar man fetur kansu kawai burbushin burbushin halitta ne. Saboda haka, ko kowane irin filastik yana da lalacewa ko wanda ba zai iya lalacewa ba (mai dorewa) ya dogara da tsarin kwayoyinsa, ba'a kan ko biomass dake samar da albarkatun kasa ya zama burbushin ba. Dukkanin bioplastics masu ɗorewa, kamar su Bio-PET ko [[polyethylene]]" id="mwOQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Biopolyethylene">biopolyethylene (masu kama da polyethylene terephthalate da polyethylene na burbushin halittu), da bioplastics mai lalacewa, kamar Polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, ko polyhydroxyalkanoates, sun wanzu. Bioplastics dole ne a sake amfani dasu kamar filastik na burbushin halittu don kauce wa gurɓata filastik; "sauka-in" bioplastics (kamar biopolyethylene) ya dace da kogunan sake amfani da yanzu. A gefe guda, sake amfani da kwayoyin halitta a cikin kogunan sake amfani na yanzu yana haifar da ƙarin ƙalubale, saboda yana iya haɓaka farashin rarrabawa da rage amfanin gona da ingancin sake amfani. Koyaya, biodegradation ba shine kawai hanyar da aka yarda da ita ba don maganin halittu mai lalacewa, kuma sake amfani da inji da sinadarai galibi shine zaɓi da aka fi so daga ra'ayin muhalli.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fredi |first=Giulia |last2=Dorigato |first2=Andrea |date=2021-07-01 |title=Recycling of bioplastic waste: A review |journal=Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research |language=en |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=159–177 |doi=10.1016/j.aiepr.2021.06.006 |s2cid=237852939 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Biodegradability na iya bada hanyar ƙarshen rayuwa a wasu aikace-aikace, kamar su mulch na noma, amma manufar biodegradation ba ta da sauƙi kamar yadda mutane da yawa suka yi imani. Samun yiwuwar biodegradation ya dogara sosai da tsarin kashin sinadarai na polymer, kuma bioplastics daban-daban suna da tsari daban-daban, don haka ba za'a iya ɗauka cewa bioplastic a cikin muhalli zai rushe cikin sauƙi ba. Hakanan, ana iya haɗa filastik masu narkewa daga man fetur.<ref name=":5"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bioplastics (PLA) - World Centric |url=http://www.worldcentric.org/biocompostables/bioplastics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190309234733/http://www.worldcentric.org/biocompostables/bioplastics |archive-date=2019-03-09 |access-date=2018-07-15 |website=worldcentric.org}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2018, bioplastics ya wakilci kusan 2% na fitar da filastik na duniya (> tan miliyan 380). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chinthapalli |first=Raj |last2=Skoczinski |first2=Pia |last3=Carus |first3=Michael |last4=Baltus |first4=Wolfgang |last5=de Guzman |first5=Doris |last6=Käb |first6=Harald |last7=Raschka |first7=Achim |last8=Ravenstijn |first8=Jan |date=2019-08-01 |title=Biobased Building Blocks and Polymers—Global Capacities, Production and Trends, 2018–2023 |url=https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/ind.2019.29179.rch |journal=Industrial Biotechnology |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=237–241 |doi=10.1089/ind.2019.29179.rch |issn=1550-9087 |s2cid=202017074}}</ref> Tare da cigaba da bincike kan bioplastics, saka hannun jari a cikin kamfanonin bioplastic da haɓaka bincike kan filastik na burbushin burbushin halittu, bioplastics suna zama mafi rinjaye a wasu kasuwanni, yayin da fitar da filastik burbushin kuma ke ƙaruwa a hankali. == Ma'anar IUPAC == Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Pure da Applied Chemistry ta bayyana polymer mai laushi kamar haka: {{Reflist|2}} == Aikace-aikacen da aka gabatar == [[Fayil:Bio-K_Abfallbeutel_Kompostbeutel_CG.jpg|thumb|Kayayyakin akwatin da akayi daga bioplastics da sauran filastik masu lalacewa]] Akwai aikace-aikacen kasuwanci kaɗan don bioplastics. Farashi da aiki sun kasance matsala. Misali na Italiya ne, inda jakunkunan filastik masu lalacewa suka zama tilas ga masu siye tun daga 2011 tare da gabatar da takamaiman doka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consiglio dei Ministri conferma la messa al bando dei sacchetti di plastica non biodegradabili - Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare |url=http://www.minambiente.it/comunicati/consiglio-dei-ministri-conferma-la-messa-al-bando-dei-sacchetti-di-plastica-non |website=minambiente.it}}</ref> Baya ga kayan tsari, ana haɓaka bioplastics na lantarki wanda ke alkawarin ɗaukar wutar lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suszkiw |first=Jan |date=December 2005 |title=Electroactive Bioplastics Flex Their Industrial Muscle |url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/dec05/plastic1205.htm |access-date=2011-11-28 |website=News & Events |publisher=[[USDA]] Agricultural Research Service}}</ref> Ana amfani da kwayoyin halitta don abubuwan da za'a iya zubar dasu, kamar marufi, kayan kwalliya, tukwane, kwano, da kara.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chen |first=G. |last2=Patel |first2=M. |year=2012 |title=Plastics derived from biological sources: Present and future: P technical and environmental review |journal=Chemical Reviews |volume=112 |issue=4 |pages=2082–2099 |doi=10.1021/cr200162d |pmid=22188473}}</ref> Biopolymers suna samuwa a matsayin murfin takarda maimakon murfin man fetur na yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khwaldia |first=Khaoula |last2=Elmira Arab-Tehrany |last3=Stephane Desobry |year=2010 |title=Biopolymer Coatings on Paper Packaging Materials |journal=Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=82–91 |doi=10.1111/j.1541-4337.2009.00095.x |pmid=33467805 |doi-access=}}</ref> Bioplastics da ake kira drop-in bioplastics suna da sunadarai iri ɗaya da takwarorinsu na burbushin halittu amma anyi sune daga albarkatun sabuntawa. Misalan sun hada da [[bio-PE]], [[bio-PET]], [[Propylene|bio-propylene]], [[bio-PP]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bio-based drop-in, smart drop-in and dedicated chemicals |url=https://www.roadtobio.eu/uploads/news/2017_October/RoadToBio_Drop-in_paper.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102122527/https://www.roadtobio.eu/uploads/news/2017_October/RoadToBio_Drop-in_paper.pdf |archive-date=2020-11-02 |access-date=2020-10-30}}</ref> da kuma biobased nylons. <ref>[https://www.wur.nl/nl/Onderzoek-Resultaten/Onderzoeksinstituten/food-biobased-research/Oplossingen/Duurzame-bioplastics-op-basis-van-hernieuwbare-grondstoffen.htm Duurzame bioplastics op basis van hernieuwbare grondstoffen]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bioplastics.guide/ref/bioplastics/what-are-bioplastics/ |title=What are bioplastics? |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-date=2022-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605220227/http://www.bioplastics.guide/ref/bioplastics/what-are-bioplastics/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Drop in bioplastics2">[https://bioplasticsnews.com/2018/08/28/drop-ins-bioplastics/ Drop in bioplastics]</ref> Ana iya amfani da kayan aikin bioplastics da ke cikin fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bio-based drop-in, smart drop-in and dedicated chemicals |url=https://www.roadtobio.eu/uploads/news/2017_October/RoadToBio_Drop-in_paper.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102122527/https://www.roadtobio.eu/uploads/news/2017_October/RoadToBio_Drop-in_paper.pdf |archive-date=2020-11-02 |access-date=2020-10-30}}</ref> Hanyar da aka keɓe ta hanyar rayuwa tana ba da damar samar da samfuran da baza'a iya samun su bata hanyar halayen sunadarai na gargajiya kuma suna iya ƙirƙirar samfuran dake da halaye na musamman da mafi girma, idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin da suka dace da burbushin halittu.<ref name="Drop in bioplastics2" /> == Nau'o'in == === Polysaccharide-based bioplastics === ==== Gilashin da aka samo asali ==== [[Fayil:Stärke-Packstoff_Pömpel_CG.jpg|thumb|Ruwan kwalliya da akayi daga bioplastics (thermoplastic starch) ]] Thermoplastic starch yana wakiltar mafi yawan amfani da bioplastic, wanda ya zama kusan kashi 50 cikin 100 na kasuwar bioplastics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Types of Bioplastic {{!}} InnovativeIndustry.net |url=http://www.innovativeindustry.net/types-of-bioplastic |access-date=2020-07-11 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409192929/http://www.innovativeindustry.net/types-of-bioplastic |url-status=dead }}</ref> Za'a iya yin fim din bioplastic mai sauƙi a gida ta hanyar gelatinizing starch da kuma Maganin gyare-gyare.<ref>[http://www.instructables.com/id/Make-Potato-Plastic!/ Make Potato Plastic!]. Instructables.com (2007-07-26). Retrieved 2011-08-14.</ref> Tsarkake starch yana iya shan [[danshi]], kuma saboda haka kayan da suka dace don samar da magungunan magunguna ta bangaren magunguna. Koyaya, tsattsarkan kwayoyin halitta masu tsabta suna da rauni. Plasticizer irin su glycerol, glycol, da sorbitol kuma ana iya ƙara su don a iya sarrafa starch ta hanyar thermo-plastically.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Hongsheng |last2=Xie |first2=Fengwei |last3=Yu |first3=Long |last4=Chen |first4=Ling |last5=Li |first5=Lin |date=2009-12-01 |title=Thermal processing of starch-based polymers |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079670009000653 |journal=Progress in Polymer Science |language=en |volume=34 |issue=12 |pages=1348–1368 |doi=10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.07.001 |issn=0079-6700}}</ref> Ana iya daidaita halaye na sakamakon bioplastic (wanda ake kira "thermoplastic starch") don takamaiman buƙatu ta hanyar daidaita adadin waɗannan abubuwan. Ana iya amfani da dabarun sarrafa polymer na al'ada don aiwatar da starch a cikin bioplastic, kamar extrusion, injection molding, matsa lamba molding da kuma warwarewa simintin.<ref name=":1" /> Abubuwan dake tattare da starch bioplastic suna da tasiri sosai ta hanyar amylose / amylopectin ratio. Gabaɗaya, starch mai ƙarfi yana haifar da kyawawan halaye na inji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Ming |last2=Liu |first2=Peng |last3=Zou |first3=Wei |last4=Yu |first4=Long |last5=Xie |first5=Fengwei |last6=Pu |first6=Huayin |last7=Liu |first7=Hongshen |last8=Chen |first8=Ling |date=2011-09-01 |title=Extrusion processing and characterization of edible starch films with different amylose contents |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0260877411002196 |journal=Journal of Food Engineering |language=en |volume=106 |issue=1 |pages=95–101 |doi=10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.04.021 |issn=0260-8774}}</ref> Koyaya, starch mai girma yana da ƙarancin sarrafawa saboda yawan zafin jiki na gelatinization da ƙaranci mai narkewa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Hongsheng |last2=Yu |first2=Long |last3=Xie |first3=Fengwei |last4=Chen |first4=Ling |date=2006-08-15 |title=Gelatinization of cornstarch with different amylose/amylopectin content |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861706000506 |journal=Carbohydrate Polymers |language=en |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=357–363 |doi=10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.01.026 |issn=0144-8617 |s2cid=85239192}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Xie |first=Fengwei |last2=Yu |first2=Long |last3=Su |first3=Bing |last4=Liu |first4=Peng |last5=Wang |first5=Jun |last6=Liu |first6=Hongshen |last7=Chen |first7=Ling |date=2009-05-01 |title=Rheological properties of starches with different amylose/amylopectin ratios |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0733521009000083 |journal=Journal of Cereal Science |language=en |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=371–377 |doi=10.1016/j.jcs.2009.01.002 |issn=0733-5210}}</ref> Sau dayawa ana haɗa kwayoyin halitta na Starch tare da polyesters masu lalacewa don samar da starch / polylactic acid, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khalid |first=Saud |last2=Yu |first2=Long |last3=Meng |first3=Linghan |last4=Liu |first4=Hongsheng |last5=Ali |first5=Amjad |last6=Chen |first6=Ling |year=2017 |title=Poly(lactic acid)/starch composites: Effect of microstructure and morphology of starch granules on performance |journal=Journal of Applied Polymer Science |volume=134 |issue=46 |page=45504 |doi=10.1002/app.45504}}</ref> starch / polykrolactone <ref>{{Cite web |title=Starch based Bioplastic Manufacturers and Suppliers |url=http://bioplasticsonline.net/2010/06/starch-based-bioplastic-manufacturers-and-suppliers/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814061041/http://bioplasticsonline.net/2010/06/starch-based-bioplastic-manufacturers-and-suppliers/ |archive-date=August 14, 2011 |website=bioplasticsonline.net}}</ref> ko starch / Ecoflex <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherman |first=Lilli Manolis |date=1 July 2008 |title=Enhancing biopolymers: additives are needed for toughness, heat resistance & processability. |url=https://www.ptonline.com/articles/enhancing-biopolymers-additives-are-needed-for-toughness-heat-resistance-processability |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417023038/https://www.ptonline.com/articles/enhancing-biopolymers-additives-are-needed-for-toughness-heat-resistance-processability |archive-date=17 April 2016 |website=Plastics Technology}}</ref> (polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate wanda BASF <ref>{{Cite web |title=BASF announces major bioplastics production expansion |url=http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2008/04/22/basf-announces-major-bioplastics-production-expansion/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331122532/http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2008/04/22/basf-announces-major-bioplastics-production-expansion/ |archive-date=2012-03-31 |access-date=2011-08-31}}</ref> ya samar). Ana amfani da waɗannan cakuda don aikace-aikacen masana'antu kuma ana iya yin compostable. Sauran masu samarwa, kamar Roquette, sun haɓaka wasu cakuda starch / polyolefin. Wadannan cakuda ba su da biodegradable, amma suna da ƙananan sawun carbon fiye da filastik na man fetur da akayi amfani da su don aikace-aikace iri ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Roquette, nouvel acteur sur le marché des plastiques, lance GAÏALENE®: une gamme innovante de plastique végétal |url=http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2010/10/16/roquette-nouvel-acteur-sur-le-marche-des-plastiques-lance-gaialene%C2%AE-une-gamme-innovante-de-plastique-vegetal/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331122551/http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2010/10/16/roquette-nouvel-acteur-sur-le-marche-des-plastiques-lance-gaialene%C2%AE-une-gamme-innovante-de-plastique-vegetal/ |archive-date=2012-03-31 |access-date=2011-08-31}}</ref> Starch yana da arha, mai yawa, kuma mai sabuntawa. Fim din da aka samo asali (wanda akafi amfani dashi don dalilai na marufi) galibi ana yin su ne daga starch da aka gauraya da polyesters na thermoplastic don samar da kayayyakin biodegradable da compostable. Ana ganin waɗannan fina-finai musamman a cikin kayan masarufi na mujallu da fina-ffinai. A cikin Kunshin abinci, ana ganin waɗannan fina-finai a matsayin burodi ko jakar 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu. Ana amfani da jaka masu hadawa tare da wannan fina-finai a cikin zaɓaɓɓen tattara sharar gida. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da fina-finai na starch a matsayin takarda.<ref name="StarchPlasticsPaperUsda">{{Cite web |last=Avant |first=Sandra |date=April 2017 |title=Better Paper, Plastics With Starch |url=https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/2017/apr/starch/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214152835/https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/2017/apr/starch/ |archive-date=2018-12-14 |access-date=2018-12-14 |publisher=USDA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cate |first=Peter |date=January 2017 |title=Collaboration delivers better results |journal=Reinforced Plastics |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=51–54 |doi=10.1016/j.repl.2016.09.002 |issn=0034-3617}}</ref> An yi nazarin nanocomposites na Starch-based a ko'ina, suna nuna ingantaccen kayan aikin inji, kwanciyar hankali na zafi, juriya na danshi, da kuma kayan shingen gas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Xie |first=Fengwei |last2=Pollet |first2=Eric |last3=Halley |first3=Peter J. |last4=Avérous |first4=Luc |date=2013-10-01 |title=Starch-based nano-biocomposites |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079670013000439 |journal=Progress in Polymer Science |series=Progress in Bionanocomposites: from green plastics to biomedical applications |language=en |volume=38 |issue=10 |pages=1590–1628 |doi=10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.05.002 |issn=0079-6700}}</ref> ==== Gilashin dake dauke da cellulose ==== [[Fayil:Bio-K_Blister_CG.jpg|thumb|Blisin kunshe-kunshe da akayi da cellulose acetate, bioplastic]] Cellulose bioplastics galibi sune cellulose esters (ciki har da cellulose acetate da nitrocellulose) da abubuwan da suka samo asali, gami da celluloid. Cellulose na iya zama thermoplastic lokacin da aka canza shi sosai. Misali na wannan shine cellulose acetate, wanda yake da tsada sabili da haka ba'a amfani dashi don marufi. Koyaya, fiber na cellulosic da aka kara zuwa starches na iya inganta kaddarorin inji, permeability ga gas, da juriya na ruwa saboda kasancewa ƙasa da hydrophilic fiye da starch. Wata kungiya a Jami'ar [[Shanghai]] ta sami damar gina sabon filastik mai kore wanda ya dogara da cellulose ta hanyar hanyar da ake kira matsin zafi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Song |first=Na |last2=Hou |first2=Xingshuang |last3=Chen |first3=Li |last4=Cui |first4=Siqi |last5=Shi |first5=Liyi |last6=Ding |first6=Peng |date=2017-05-16 |title=A Green Plastic Constructed from Cellulose and Functionalized Graphene with High Thermal Conductivity |journal=ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces |volume=9 |issue=21 |pages=17914–17922 |doi=10.1021/acsami.7b02675 |issn=1944-8244 |pmid=28467836}}</ref> === Gilashin dake da tushen furotin === [[Fayil:Edible_packaging_film.jpg|thumb|Cigaban fim din casein mai cin abinci a USDA <ref>{{Cite journal |last=OBrien |date=February 2018 |title=That's a Wrap: Edible Food Wraps from ARS |url=https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/2018/feb/wraps/#printdiv |journal=USDA Agricultural Research |page=22 |access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref>]] Bioplastics za'a iyayin su daga sunadarai daga tushe daban-daban. Misali, gluten na alkama da casein suna nuna kyawawan halaye a matsayin albarkatun kasa don polymers daban-daban masu lalacewa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Song |first=J. H. |last2=Murphy |first2=R. J. |last3=Narayan |first3=R. |last4=Davies |first4=G. B. H. |date=2009-07-27 |title=Biodegradable and compostable alternatives to conventional plastics |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=364 |issue=1526 |pages=2127–2139 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2008.0289 |issn=0962-8436 |pmc=2873018 |pmid=19528060}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ana ɗaukar furotin soya a matsayin wani tushen bioplastic. Anyi amfani da sunadarai na soya a cikin samar da filastik sama da shekaru ɗari. Misali, bangarorin jiki na motar Ford ta asali anyi su ne da filastik na soya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ralston |first=Brian E. |last2=Osswald |first2=Tim A. |date=February 2008 |title=The History of Tomorrow's Materials: Protein-Based Biopolymers |journal=Plastics Engineering |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=36–40 |doi=10.1002/j.1941-9635.2008.tb00292.x |issn=0091-9578}}</ref> Akwai matsaloli tare da amfani da filastik na soya mai gina jiki saboda ƙarancin ruwa da tsada mai yawa. Sabili da haka, samar da cakuda furotin soya tare da wasu polyesters masu lalacewa da suka riga sun kasance yana inganta ƙwarewar ruwa da tsada.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zhang |first=Jinwen |last2=Jiang |first2=Long |last3=Zhu |first3=Linyong |last4=Jane |first4=Jay-lin |last5=Mungara |first5=Perminus |date=May 2006 |title=Morphology and Properties of Soy Protein and Polylactide Blends |url=http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/fshn_ag_pubs/108 |journal=Biomacromolecules |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=1551–1561 |doi=10.1021/bm050888p |issn=1525-7797 |pmid=16677038}}</ref> === Wasu polyesters na aliphatic === Aliphatic biopolyesters galibi polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) ne kamar poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyhydrexyvalerate (PHV) da polyhydроxyhexanoate (PHH). ==== Polylactic acid (PLA) ==== [[Fayil:Mulch_Film_made_of_PLA-Blend_Bio-Flex.jpg|left|thumb|Fim din Mulch da aka yi da Polylactic acid (PLA) -blend bio-flex]] Polylactic acid (PLA) filastik ne mai haske wanda aka samar daga [[masara]] <ref name="smithsonianmag.com">{{Cite web |title=History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/plastic.html |website=smithsonianmag.com}}</ref> ko dextrose . A saman, yana kama da filastik na al'ada na petrochemical kamar PS. An samo shine daga tsire-tsire, kuma yana raguwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin masana'antu. Abin takaici, yana nuna ƙarfin tasirin ƙasa, ƙarfin zafi, da kuma abubuwan shingen (toshe jigilar iska a fadin membrane) idan aka kwatanta da filastik marasa lalacewa. Haɗuwa da PLA yawanci suna zuwa a cikin nau'ikan granulates. Ana amfani da PLA a kan iyakantaccen sikelin don samar da fina-finai, fiber, kwantena na filastik, kofuna, da kwalabe. PLA kuma shine mafi yawan nau'in filastik da akayi amfani dashi don yin samfurin igiya a cikin na'urorin bugawa na 3D. ==== Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate ==== biopolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) polyester ne wanda wasu kwayoyin cuta ke samar da glucose, starch na masara <ref name="bioplastic-innovation.com">{{Cite web |title=Mirel: PHAs grades for Rigid Sheet and Thermoforming |url=http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2011/06/08/mirel-phas-grades-for-rigid-sheet-and-thermoforming/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331122556/http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2011/06/08/mirel-phas-grades-for-rigid-sheet-and-thermoforming/ |archive-date=2012-03-31 |access-date=2011-08-31}}</ref> ko ruwa mai guba. <ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |title=Micromidas is using carefully constructed populations of bacteria to convert organic waste into bio-degradable plastics. |url=http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2011/07/29/micromidas-is-using-carefully-constructed-populations-of-bacteria-to-convert-organic-waste-into-bio-degradable-plastics/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023230713/http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2011/07/29/micromidas-is-using-carefully-constructed-populations-of-bacteria-to-convert-organic-waste-into-bio-degradable-plastics/ |archive-date=October 23, 2011}}</ref> Halayensa suna kama da na polypropylene (PP). Fitar da PHB yana ƙaruwa. Masana'antar [[sukari]] ta [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]], alal misali, ta yanke shawarar fadada samar da PHB zuwa sikelin masana'antu. PHB ya bambanta da farko ta hanyar halaye na jiki. Ana iya sarrafa shi a cikin fim mai haske tare da narkewa sama da digiri 130 na Celsius, kuma yana iya lalacewa batare da raguwa ba. === Polyhydroxyalkanoates === Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) sune polyesters na layi wanda aka samar a cikin yanayi ta hanyar fermentation na [[sukari]] ko lipids. Kwayoyin cuta ne ke samar da su don adana carbon da makamashi. A cikin samar da masana'antu, ana cire polyester kuma an tsarkake shi daga ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar inganta yanayin fermentation na sukari. Fiye da 150 daban-daban monomers za'a iya haɗawa a cikin wannan iyali don ba da kayan dake da kyawawan halaye daban-daban. PHA yafi ductile kuma bashi da ƙarfi fiye da sauran filastik, kuma yana da biodegradable. Ana amfani da waɗannan filastik a masana'antar kiwon lafiya. === Kashewa 11 === PA 11 wani abu ne wanda aka samo daga man fetur. An kuma san shi a ƙarƙashin sunan kasuwanci Rilsan B, wanda Arkema ke kasuwanci. PA 11 na cikin dangin polymers na fasaha kuma ba biodegradable ba ne. Abubuwan dake ciki suna kama da na PA 12, kodayake ana rage hayaki na iskar gas da amfani da albarkatun da baza'a iya sabuntawa ba yayin samar da shi. Har ila yau, juriya ta zafi ta fi ta PA 12. Ana amfani dashi a cikin aikace-aikace masu inganci kamar layin man fetur na mota, bututun iska na pneumatic, bututun kebul na lantarki, bututun mai da gas mai sassauƙa, bututun ruwa na sarrafawa, takalma na wasanni, kayan aikin lantarki, da catheters. Irin wannan filastik shine Polyamide 410 (PA 410), wanda aka samo kashi 70% daga man castor, a ƙarƙashin sunan kasuwanci EcoPaXX, wanda DSM ke kasuwanci.<ref name="EcoPaXX">{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.dsm.com/en_US/cworld/public/media/pages/press-releases/19_10_dsm_launches_bio_based_performance_materials_for_automotive_industry.jsp |website=dsm.com |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-date=2012-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121074454/http://www.dsm.com/en_US/cworld/public/media/pages/press-releases/19_10_dsm_launches_bio_based_performance_materials_for_automotive_industry.jsp |url-status=dead }}</ref>PA 410 babban polyamide ne wanda ya haɗu da fa'idodin babban narkewa (kimanin 250 °C), ƙarancin danshi da kyakkyawan juriya ga abubuwa masu sinadarai daban-daban.&nbsp; === Polyethylene da aka samo daga kwayoyin halitta === {{Plastics}}Tsarin gini na asali (monomer) na [[polyethylene]] shine ethylene . Ethylene yana da kama da, kuma ana iya samo shi daga ethanol, wanda za'a iya samar dashi ta hanyar fermentation na kayan aikin gona kamar sukari ko masara. Polyethylene da aka samo daga kwayoyin halitta yana da kama da polyethylene na gargajiya - ba ya lalacewa amma ana iya sake amfani dashi. &nbsp;Kungiyar sunadarai ta [[Brazil]] tayi iƙirarin cewa ta amfani da hanyar samar da polyethylene daga sukari ethanol kamawa (yana cirewa daga muhalli) tan 2.15 na CO a kowace tan na Green Polyethylene da aka samar === Abinci da aka canza ta hanyar kwayar halitta === Tare da masara na GM kasancewa abinci na yau da kullun, ba abin mamaki bane cewa anyi wasu kwayoyin halitta daga wannan. A karkashin fasahar masana'antar bioplastics akwai samfurin "masana'antar [[shuka]]", wanda ke amfani da amfanin gona da aka canza kwayoyin halitta ko kwayoyin halitta don inganta inganci. === Polyhydroxyurethanes === Rashin polyamines da cyclic carbonates suna samar da polyhydroxyurethanes . <ref name="From Petrochemical Polyurethanes to Biobased Polyhydroxyurethanes">{{Cite journal |last=Nohra |first=Bassam |last2=Laure Candy |last3=Jean-Francois Blanco |last4=Celine Guerin |last5=Yann Raoul |last6=Zephirin Mouloungui |year=2013 |title=From Petrochemical Polyurethanes to Biobased Polyhydroxyurethanes |url=https://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9942/1/Nohra_9942.pdf |journal=Macromolecules |volume=46 |issue=10 |pages=3771–3792 |bibcode=2013MaMol..46.3771N |doi=10.1021/ma400197c |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-date=2020-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918232716/https://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9942/1/Nohra_9942.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ba kamar polyurethanes da aka haɗa da giciye ba, polyhydroxyurethanes dake da alaƙa da giciye suna da ka'ida mai sauƙi ga sake amfani da sake sarrafawa ta hanyar halayen transcarbamoylation.<ref name="Mechanically Activated, Catalyst-Free Polyhydroxyurethane Vitrimers">{{Cite journal |last=Fortman |first=David J. |last2=Jacob P. Brutman |last3=[[Christopher J. Cramer]] |last4=Marc A. Hillmyer |last5=William R. Dichtel |year=2015 |title=Mechanically Activated, Catalyst-Free Polyhydroxyurethane Vitrimers |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |volume=137 |issue=44 |pages=14019–14022 |doi=10.1021/jacs.5b08084 |pmid=26495769 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Polymers da aka samo daga lipid === An kirkiro nau'ikan bioplastic dayawa daga kitse da mai da aka samo daga shuka da dabba.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meier |first=Michael A. R. |last2=Metzger |first2=Jürgen O. |last3=Schubert |first3=Ulrich S. |date=2007-10-02 |title=Plant oil renewable resources as green alternatives in polymer science |journal=Chemical Society Reviews |volume=36 |issue=11 |pages=1788–802 |doi=10.1039/b703294c |issn=1460-4744 |pmid=18213986}}</ref> Polyurethanes, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Floros |first=Michael |last2=Hojabri |first2=Leila |last3=Abraham |first3=Eldho |last4=Jose |first4=Jesmy |last5=Thomas |first5=Sabu |last6=Pothan |first6=Laly |last7=Leao |first7=Alcides Lopes |last8=Narine |first8=Suresh |year=2012 |title=Enhancement of thermal stability, strength and extensibility of lipid-based polyurethanes with cellulose-based nanofibers |journal=Polymer Degradation and Stability |volume=97 |issue=10 |pages=1970–1978 |doi=10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.02.016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pillai |first=Prasanth K. S. |last2=Floros |first2=Michael C. |last3=Narine |first3=Suresh S. |date=2017-07-03 |title=Elastomers from Renewable Metathesized Palm Oil Polyols |journal=ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering |volume=5 |issue=7 |pages=5793–5799 |doi=10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00517}}</ref> polyesters, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Can |first=E. |last2=Küsefoğlu |first2=S. |last3=Wool |first3=R. P. |date=2001-07-05 |title=Rigid, thermosetting liquid molding resins from renewable resources. I. Synthesis and polymerization of soy oil monoglyceride maleates |journal=Journal of Applied Polymer Science |volume=81 |issue=1 |pages=69–77 |doi=10.1002/app.1414 |issn=1097-4628}}</ref> epoxy resins <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stemmelen |first=M. |last2=Pessel |first2=F. |last3=Lapinte |first3=V. |last4=Caillol |first4=S. |last5=Habas |first5=J.-P. |last6=Robin |first6=J.-J. |date=2011-06-01 |title=A fully biobased epoxy resin from vegetable oils: From the synthesis of the precursors by thiol-ene reaction to the study of the final material |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00587993/file/JPOLSCI.pdf |journal=Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry |volume=49 |issue=11 |pages=2434–2444 |bibcode=2011JPoSA..49.2434S |doi=10.1002/pola.24674 |issn=1099-0518 |s2cid=78089334}}</ref> da wasu nau'ikan polymers an haɓaka su tare da kwatankwacin kaddarorin kayan mai. Cigaban da aka samu kwanan nan na olefin metathesis ya buɗe nau'ikan abinci iri-iri zuwa sauya tattalin arziki zuwa biomonomers da polymers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meier |first=Michael A. R. |date=2009-07-21 |title=Metathesis with Oleochemicals: New Approaches for the Utilization of Plant Oils as Renewable Resources in Polymer Science |journal=Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics |volume=210 |issue=13–14 |pages=1073–1079 |doi=10.1002/macp.200900168 |issn=1521-3935 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tare da karuwar samar da man kayan lambu na gargajiya da kuma man fetur da aka samo daga microalgae mai arha, akwai babbar damar ci gaba a wannan yanki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mata |first=Teresa M. |last2=Martins |first2=António A. |last3=Caetano |first3=Nidia. S. |year=2010 |title=Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review |journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=217–232 |doi=10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.020 |s2cid=15481966 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Tasirin muhalli == [[Fayil:Bottle_made_from_Cellulose_Acetate_Biograde.JPG|thumb|Gilashin da aka yi da cellulose acetate biograde]] Ana amfani da kayan aiki irin su starch, cellulose, itace, sukari da biomass a matsayin maye gurbin albarkatun man fetur don samar da bioplastics; wannan ya sa samar da bioplatics ya zama aiki mai ɗorewa idan aka kwatanta da samar da filastik na al'ada.<ref name="Gironi and Piemonte">Gironi, F., and Vincenzo Piemonte. "Bioplastics and Petroleum-Based Plastics: Strengths and Weaknesses." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, vol. 33, no. 21, 2011, pp. 1949–59, doi:10.1080/15567030903436830.</ref> Sau dayawa ana muhawara game da tasirin muhalli na bioplastics, saboda akwai ma'auni daban-daban don "kore" (misali, amfani da ruwa, amfani da makamashi, sare daji, biodegradation, da dai sauransu). <ref>Yates, Madeleine R., and Claire Y. Barlow. "Life Cycle Assessments of Biodegradable, Commercial Biopolymers - A Critical Review." Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 78, Elsevier B.V., 2013, pp. 54–66, doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.06.010.</ref> <ref name="BiodegradableEnvironmentalImpactAxion">{{Cite web |date=6 February 2018 |title=Are biodegradable plastics better for the environment? |url=https://axiongroup.co.uk/news/biodegradable-plastics-better-environment/ |access-date=2018-12-14 |publisher=Axion}}</ref><ref name="BiodegradableImpactMiles">{{Cite web |last=Miles |first=Lindsay |date=22 March 2018 |title=Biodegradable Plastic: Is It Really Eco-Friendly? |url=https://treadingmyownpath.com/2018/03/22/biodegradable-plastic-is-it-really-eco-friendly/ |access-date=2018-12-14}}</ref> Saboda haka tasirin muhalli na bioplastic ana rarraba shi cikin amfani da makamashi mara sabuntawa, canjin yanayi, eutrophication da acid.<ref name="Weis et al">Weiss, Martin, et al. "A Review of the Environmental Impacts of Biobased Materials." Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 16, no. SUPPL.1, 2012, doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00468.x.</ref> Samar da kwayoyin halitta yana rage fitar da iskar gas kuma yana rage amfani da makamashi mara sabuntawa.<ref name="Gironi and Piemonte" /> Kamfanoni a duk duniya zasu iya kara dorewar muhalli na samfuran su ta hanyar amfani da bioplastics <ref>Brockhaus, Sebastian, et al. "A Crossroads for Bioplastics: Exploring Product Developers' Challenges to Move beyond Petroleum-Based Plastics." Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 127, Elsevier Ltd, 2016, pp. 84–95, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.003. </ref> Kodayake bioplastics suna adana karin makamashi wanda baza'a iya sabuntawa ba fiye da filastik na al'ada kuma suna fitar da ƙananan iskar gas idan aka kwatanta da filastic na al'adu, bioplastics suma suna da mummunan tasirin muhalli kamar eutrophication da acidization.<ref name="Weis et al">Weiss, Martin, et al. "A Review of the Environmental Impacts of Biobased Materials." Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 16, no. SUPPL.1, 2012, doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00468.x.</ref> Bioplastics suna haifar da mafi girman yiwuwar eutrophication fiye da filastik na al'ada.<ref name="Weis et al" /> Samar da kwayoyin halitta a lokacin ayyukan noma na masana'antu yana haifar da nitrate da phosphate don tacewa cikin jikin ruwa; wannan yana haifar da eutrophication, tsarin da jiki na ruwa ke samun wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki.<ref name="Weis et al" /> Eutrophication barazana ce ga albarkatun ruwa a duniya tun lokacin da yake haifar da fure mai cutarwa wanda ke haifar da wuraren da suka mutu na oxygen, yana kashe dabbobin ruwa.<ref>Sinha, E., et al. "Eutrophication Will Increase during the 21st Century as a Result of Precipitation Changes." Science, vol. 357, no. July, 2017, pp. 405–08.</ref> Bioplastics kuma suna kara yawan acid.<ref name="Weis et al" /> Babban karuwa a cikin eutrophication da acidisation wanda bioplastics ya haifar ya haifar da amfani da taki na sinadarai a cikin noman albarkatun kasa masu sabuntawa don samar da bioplastics.<ref name="Gironi and Piemonte">Gironi, F., and Vincenzo Piemonte. "Bioplastics and Petroleum-Based Plastics: Strengths and Weaknesses." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, vol. 33, no. 21, 2011, pp. 1949–59, doi:10.1080/15567030903436830.</ref> Sauran tasirin muhalli na bioplastics sun haɗa da yin amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na ɗan adam da na ƙasa da kuma yiwuwar cutar kansa idan aka kwatanta da filastik na al'ada.<ref name="Weis et al">Weiss, Martin, et al. "A Review of the Environmental Impacts of Biobased Materials." Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 16, no. SUPPL.1, 2012, doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00468.x.</ref> Koyaya, bioplastics suna yin amfani da mafi girman ecotoxicity na ruwa fiye da kayan al'ada.<ref name="Weis et al" /> Bioplastics da sauran kayan da suka danganci halittu suna kara raguwar ozone na stratospheric idan aka kwatanta da filastik na al'ada; wannan shine sakamakon fitar da nitrous oxide yayin aikace-aikacen taki yayin aikin gona na masana'antu don samar da biomass.<ref name="Weis et al" /> takin zamani yana ƙara hayakin nitrous oxide musamman lokacin da amfanin gona ba ya buƙatar duk nitrogen.<ref>Rosas, Francisco, et al. "Nitrous Oxide Emission Reductions from Cutting Excessive Nitrogen Fertilizer Applications." Climatic Change, vol. 132, no. 2, 2015, pp. 353–67, doi:10.1007/s10584-015-1426-y.</ref> Ƙananan tasirin muhalli na bioplastics sun haɗa da guba ta hanyar amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta a kan amfanin gona da akayi amfani dasu don yin bioplastics.<ref name="Gironi and Piemonte">Gironi, F., and Vincenzo Piemonte. "Bioplastics and Petroleum-Based Plastics: Strengths and Weaknesses." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, vol. 33, no. 21, 2011, pp. 1949–59, doi:10.1080/15567030903436830.</ref> Bioplastics kuma suna haifar da hayakin carbon dioxide daga motocin girbi.<ref name="Gironi and Piemonte" /> Sauran ƙananan tasirin muhalli sun haɗa da yawan amfani da ruwa don noma, rushewar ƙasa, asarar carbon na ƙasa da asarar halittu masu yawa, kuma galibi sakamakon amfani da ƙasa ne da ke da alaƙa da bioplastics.<ref name="Weis et al" /> Amfani da ƙasa don samar da kwayoyin halitta yana haifar da ɓacewar carbon kuma yana ƙara farashin carbon yayin karkatar da ƙasa daga amfanin dake akwai <ref>Gironi, F., and Vincenzo Piemonte. "Land-Use Change Emissions: How Green Are the Bioplastics?" Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, vol. 30, no. 4, 2010, pp. 685–691, doi:10.1002/ep.10518.</ref> Kodayake bioplastics suna da fa'ida sosai saboda suna rage amfani da baza'a iya sabuntawa bada kuma fitar da GHG, suna kuma shafar muhalli ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa da ruwa, ta amfani da maganin ƙwayoyin cuta da taki, eutrophication da acidization; saboda haka fifiko na mutum ga ko dai bioplastics ko filastik na al'ada ya dogara da abinda mutum ya ɗauka mafi mahimmancin tasirin muhalli.<ref name="Gironi and Piemonte">Gironi, F., and Vincenzo Piemonte. "Bioplastics and Petroleum-Based Plastics: Strengths and Weaknesses." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, vol. 33, no. 21, 2011, pp. 1949–59, doi:10.1080/15567030903436830.</ref> Wani batu tare da bioplastics, shine cewa wasu bioplastics ana yin su ne daga sassan amfanin gona masu cin abinci. Wannan yana sa bioplastics su yi gasa da samar da abinci saboda amfanin gona da ke samar da bioplastics ana iya amfani da su don ciyar da mutane.<ref name="Cho">{{Cite web |last=Cho |first=Renee |title=The truth about bioplastics |url=https://phys.org/news/2017-12-truth-bioplastics.html |access-date=31 October 2021 |website=phys.org |language=en}}</ref> Wadannan bioplastics ana kiransu "1st generation feedstock bioplastics".Bioplastics na ƙarni na 2 suna amfani da amfanin gona wanda ba abinci ba (abinci na cellulosic) ko kayan sharar gida daga kayan shararru na ƙarni 1 (misali man kayan lambu). Bioplastics na ƙarni na uku suna amfani da algae a matsayin kayan abinci.<ref>[https://bioplasticsnews.com/2018/09/12/bioplastic-feedstock-1st-2nd-and-3rd-generations/ Bioplastic Feedstock 1st, 2nd and 3rd Generations]</ref> === Biodegradation na Bioplastics === {{Packaging}} [[Fayil:Air_Pillow_made_of_PLA-Blend_Bio-Flex.jpg|thumb|Kunshin matashin iska da akayi da PLA-blend bio-flex]] Biodegradation na kowane filastik tsari ne wanda ke faruwa a tsayayyen / ruwa inda enzymes a cikin ruwa suka lalata tsayayyen.<ref>Degli-Innocenti, Francesco. "Biodegradation of Plastics and Ecotoxicity Testing: When Should It Be Done." Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 5, no. SEP, 2014, pp. 1–3, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00475.</ref> Wasu nau'ikan bioplastics da filastik na al'ada dake dauke da kari suna iya lalacewa.<ref>Gómez, Eddie F., and Frederick C. Michel. "Biodegradability of Conventional and Bio-Based Plastics and Natural Fiber Composites during Composting, Anaerobic Digestion and Long-Term Soil Incubation." Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 98, no. 12, 2013, pp. 2583–2591., doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.09.018.</ref> Bioplastics suna iya lalacewa a cikin mahalli daban-daban saboda haka sunfi karɓa fiye da filastik na al'ada.<ref name="Emadian et al">Emadian, S. Mehdi, et al. "Biodegradation of Bioplastics in Natural Environments." Waste Management, vol. 59, Elsevier Ltd, 2017, pp. 526–36, doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2016.10.006.</ref> Biodegradability na bioplastics yana faruwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na muhalli ciki har da ƙasa, yanayin ruwa da takin mai.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Dukkanin tsari da abun dake ciki na biopolymer ko bio-composite suna da tasiri a kan tsarin biodegradation, saboda haka canza abun da ke cikinsa da tsari na iya kara biodegradability.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Ƙasa da takin mai a matsayin yanayin muhalli sunfi dacewa a cikin biodegradation saboda yawan bambancin microbial.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Compoosting ba wai kawai biodegrades bioplastics yadda ya kamata ba amma kuma yana rage fitar da iskar gas.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Biodegradability na bioplastics a cikin mahalli mai narkewa za a iya inganta ta hanyar ƙara karin sukari mai narkewar da kara yawan zafin jiki.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Yanayin ƙasa a gefe guda suna da babban bambancin microorganisms wanda ke sauƙaƙa lalacewar bioplastics.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Koyaya, bioplastics a cikin yanayin ƙasa suna buƙatar yanayin zafi mafi girma da kuma lokaci mai tsawo don biodegrade.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Wasu kwayoyin halitta sun lalace yadda ya kamata a cikin ruwa da tsarin ruwa; duk da haka, wannan yana haifar da haɗari ga yanayin halittu na ruwa da ruwa mai laushi.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Saboda haka daidai ne a kammala cewa biodegradation na bioplastics a cikin ruwa jiki wanda ke haifar da mutuwar ruwa da ruwa mara lafiya ana iya lura da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin mummunar tasirin muhalli na bioplastic. == Bioplastics don kayan gini == Ma'anar bioplastics ta samo asali ne daga farkon karni na 20. Koyaya, gagarumin cigaba yafaru a cikin shekarun 1980 da 1990 lokacin da masu bincike suka fara haɓaka filastik masu narkewa daga tushen halitta. Masana'antar gine-gine ta fara lura da yiwuwar bioplastics a ƙarshen 2000s, wanda aka motsa ta hanyar turawa ta duniya don ayyukan gine-gine masu kyau. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, bioplastics sun ga ci gaba mai yawa dangane da dorewa, tsada-tasiri, da aiki. Sabbin abubuwa a cikin cakuda biopolymer da sinadarai sun sanya bioplastics sunfi dacewa da aikace-aikacen gini, daga rufi zuwa kayan aikin tsari. === Aikace-aikacen A Ginin === ; Rufewa : Ana iya amfani da kwayoyin halitta don ƙirƙirar kayan kariya masu inganci da muhalli. Polylactic acid (PLA) da polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) ana amfani da su don wannan dalili saboda yanayin zafi da biodegradability.<ref>https://www.ecbf.vc/biodegradable-bioplastics</ref> ; Gidauniyar ƙasa : Abubuwan dake tattare da halittu, kamar waɗanda aka yi daga PLA da fiber na halitta, suna bada madaidaiciya da ɗorewa ga kayan ado na gargajiya. Suna da daraja musamman saboda ƙananan sawun carbon da sake amfani dasu. ; Panels da Rufewa : Binciken Bioplastic, wanda akayi daga cakuda fiber na halitta da biopolymers, suna bada zaɓi mai kyau don rufe bango da rarraba. Wadannan kayan suna da sauƙi, masu ɗorewa, kuma ana iya tsara su don kwaikwayon kayan gargajiya kamar itace ko dutse. ; Ayyuka : Ana amfani da kwayoyin halitta a cikin tsari don simintin simintin. Suna bada fa'idodi dangane da sake amfani, rage nauyi, da rage tasirin muhalli idan aka kwatanta da kayan al'ada.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://plasticconcreteformwork.com/environmental-benefits-of-plastic-formwork-in-concrete-construction/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-date=2024-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708211733/https://plasticconcreteformwork.com/environmental-benefits-of-plastic-formwork-in-concrete-construction/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ; Ƙarfafawa : Za'a iya amfani da sinadaran Bioplastic da aka ƙarfafa tare da fiber na halitta ko wasu kayan aiki a aikace-aikacen tsari, suna bada madadin mai ɗorewa ga ƙarfe ko fiberglass. === Fa'idodin Bioplastics a cikin Gine-gine Tasirin Muhalli === ; Rage sawun carbon : Bioplastics an samo su ne daga hanyoyin sabuntawa, wanda ke rage sawun carbon na kayan gini. ; Rashin lalacewa : Yawancin bioplastics suna iya lalacewa, wanda ke taimakawa wajen rage sharar gida da gurɓata muhalli a ƙarshen rayuwarsu. ; Ingancin Makamashi : Samar da kwayoyin halitta gabaɗaya yana buƙatar ƙarancin makamashi idan aka kwatanta da filastik na al'ada, ƙara rage tasirin muhalli. === Fa'idodin Tattalin Arziki === ; Kyakkyawan albarkatu : Amfani da bioplastics na iya rage dogaro da man fetur na burbushin halittu kuma yabada gudummawa ga ingantaccen amfani da albarkatun halitta. ; Cigaban Kasuwanci : Kasuwar bioplastics tana fadada, ta hanyar karuwar buƙatun kayan gini masu ɗorewa. Wannan ci gaban yana gabatar da sabbin damar tattalin arziki ga masana'antun da masu samarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vantagemarketresearch.com/industry-report/bioplastics-market-2274?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-date=2024-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708210043/https://www.vantagemarketresearch.com/industry-report/bioplastics-market-2274?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ƙalubalen da Ƙuntatawa === ; Kudin : Bioplastics sau dayawa sunfi tsada don samarwa fiye da filastik na gargajiya, wanda zai iya zama shingen ga yaduwar tallafi a cikin masana'antar gine-gine mai tsada. Koyaya, anasa ran cigaban bincike da fasaha don rage farashin a tsawon lokaci. ; Ayyuka : Duk da yake bioplastics sunyi gagarumin cigaba, wasu nau'ikan har yanzu suna bayan kayan gargajiya dangane da ƙarfi, tsayi, da juriya ga abubuwan muhalli kamar bayyanar UV da danshi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://primebiopol.com/bioplasticos-y-plasticos-convencionales-un-analisis-comparativo/?lang=en |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-date=2024-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708213727/https://primebiopol.com/bioplasticos-y-plasticos-convencionales-un-analisis-comparativo/?lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> ; Ƙayyadaddun Aikace-aikace : A halin yanzu, bioplastics sun dace da iyakantaccen aikace-aikace a cikin gini. fadada amfani dasu zuwa matsayi mai mahimmanci zai buƙaci cigaba da gwaji. === Abubuwan da za su faru a nan gaba === Makomar bioplastics a cikin gini tana da kyau, tare da cigaba da bincike da kirkire-kirkire masu yiwuwa su faɗaɗa aikace-aikacen su da inganta ayyukansu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sameerabuildingconstruction.com/can-bioplastics-replace-traditional-materials-in-building/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-date=2024-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708213339/https://sameerabuildingconstruction.com/can-bioplastics-replace-traditional-materials-in-building/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayinda masana'antar gine-gine ke karuwa da dorewa, bioplastics suna shirye su taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban kayan gini masu aminci.<ref>https://itechmag.org/paper/volume%201/03-08.pdf{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bioplastics suna bada zaɓi mai ɗorewa da amfani ga kayan gini na gargajiya, tare da fa'idodin muhalli da tattalin arziki. Duk da yake ƙalubalen sun kasance, musamman dangane da farashi da aiki, cigaban dake gudana a cikin fasahar bioplastic <ref>https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1158/1/012008/pdf</ref> yana da damar canza masana'antar gine-gine da kuma bada gudummawa ga makomar da tafi dacewa. == Masana'antu da kasuwanni == [[Fayil:Teebeutel_Polylactid_2009.jpg|thumb|Takalma na shayi da akayi da polylactide (PLA) (sha'irori) ]] Duk da yake filastik da suka danganci kayan kwayoyin halitta sun ƙera sune ta kamfanonin sunadarai a cikin karni na 20, kamfanin farko daya mai da hankali kan bioplastics - Marlborough Biopolymers - an kafa shine a 1983. Koyaya, Marlborough da sauran kamfanonin da suka biyo baya sun kasa samun nasarar kasuwanci, tare da irin wannan kamfani na farko don samun nasarar kudi na dogon lokaci shine kamfanin Novamont na Italiya, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1989. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Axel |date=5 September 2018 |title=The History and Most Important Innovations of Bioplastics |url=https://bioplasticsnews.com/2018/07/05/history-of-bioplastics/ |website=Bioplastics News}}</ref> Bioplastics sun kasance ƙasa da kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na duk filastik da aka ƙera a duk duniya.<ref name="dx.doi.org2">{{Cite journal |date=March 2016 |title=Ready to Grow: The Biodegradable Polymers Market |journal=Plastics Engineering |volume=72 |issue=3 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1002/j.1941-9635.2016.tb01489.x |issn=0091-9578}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Darby |first=Debra |date=August 2012 |title=Bioplastics Industry Report |url=https://www.biocycle.net/2012/08/15/bioplastics-industry-report/ |journal=BioCycle |volume=53 |issue=8 |pages=40–44}}</ref> Yawancin bioplastics basu adana karin hayaki na carbon ba fiye da yadda ake buƙata don ƙera su.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rujnić-Sokele |first=Maja |last2=Pilipović |first2=Ana |date=September 2017 |title=Challenges and Opportunities of Biodegradable Plastics: A Mini Review |journal=Waste Management & Research |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=132–140 |doi=10.1177/0734242x16683272 |pmid=28064843 |s2cid=23782848}}</ref> An kiyasta cewa maye gurbin tan miliyan 250 na filastik da aka ƙera a kowace shekara tare da filastik na rayuwa zai buƙaci hekta miliyan 100 na ƙasa, ko kashi 7 cikin dari na ƙasar noma a Duniya. Kuma lokacin da bioplastics suka kai ƙarshen rayuwarsu, waɗanda aka tsara don zama compostable kuma ana tallata su azaman biodegradable galibi ana aika su zuwa wuraren zubar da shara saboda rashin kayan aikin composting ko rarraba sharar gida, inda suke saki methane yayin da suke rushewa anaerobically. COPA (Kwamitin Kungiyar Aikin Gona a Tarayyar Turai) da COGEGA (Kwamnatin Aikin Gida a Tarayyen Turai) sunyi kimantawa game da yiwuwar bioplastics a bangarori daban-daban na tattalin arzikin Turai: {| class="wikitable" !Yankin ! colspan="2" |Tunanin shekara-shekara |- |Kayayyakin abinci||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|450,000||0.0005}} |- |Takalma na sharar gida||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|100,000||0.0005}} |- |Biodegradable mulch foils||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|130,000||0.0005}} |- |Biodegradable foils for diapers||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|80,000||0.0005}} |- |Diapers, 100% biodegradable||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|240,000||0.0005}} |- |Kunshin kwalliya||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|400,000||0.0005}} |- |Kunshin kayan lambu||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|400,000||0.0005}} |- |Abubuwan da ke cikin taya||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|200,000||0.0005}} |- !'''Jimillar:''' ! style="text-align:right;" |2,000,000 ! |} == Tarihi da cigaban bioplastics == {{Blockquote|''Biobased polymer'' derived from the ''[[biomass]]'' or issued from monomers derived from the biomass and which, at some stage in its processing into finished products, can be shaped by flow. :''Note 1'': Bioplastic is generally used as the opposite of polymer derived from fossil resources. :''Note 2'': Bioplastic is misleading because it suggests that any polymer derived from the biomass is ''environmentally friendly''. :''Note 3'': The use of the term "bioplastic" is discouraged. Use the expression "biobased polymer". :''Note 4'': A biobased polymer similar to a petrobased one does not imply any superiority with respect to the environment unless the comparison of respective ''life cycle assessments'' is favourable.<ref name="IUPAC2012">{{cite journal|title=Terminology for biorelated polymers and applications (IUPAC Recommendations 2012)|journal=[[Pure and Applied Chemistry]]|year=2012|volume=84|issue=2|pages=377–410|doi=10.1351/PAC-REC-10-12-04|url=http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2012/pdf/8402x0377.pdf|last1=Vert|first1=Michel|s2cid=98107080|access-date=2013-07-17|archive-date=2015-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319032817/http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2012/pdf/8402x0377.pdf}}</ref>}} * 1855: First (inferior) version of linoleum produced * 1862: At the Great London Exhibition, Alexander Parkes displays Parkesine, the first thermoplastic. Parkesine is made from nitrocellulose and had very good properties, but exhibits extreme flammability. (White 1998)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=White |first=J. L. |date=December 1998 |title=Fourth in a Series: Pioneers of Polymer Processing Alexander Parkes |journal=International Polymer Processing |volume=13 |issue=4 |page=326 |doi=10.3139/217.980326 |issn=0930-777X |s2cid=137545344}}</ref> * 1897: Still produced today, Galalith is a milk-based bioplastic that was created by German chemists in 1897. Galalith is primarily found in buttons. (Thielen 2014) * 1907: Leo Baekeland invented Bakelite, which received the National Historic Chemical Landmark for its non-conductivity and heat-resistant properties. It is used in radio and telephone casings, kitchenware, firearms and many more products. (Pathak, Sneha, Mathew 2014) * 1912: Brandenberger invents Cellophane out of wood, cotton, or hemp cellulose. (Thielen 2014)<ref name=":0" /> * 1920s: Wallace Carothers finds Polylactic Acid (PLA) plastic. PLA is incredibly expensive to produce and is not mass-produced until 1989. (Whiteclouds 2018) * 1925: Polyhydroxybutyrate was isolated and characterised by French microbiologist [[Maurice Lemoigne]] * 1926: Maurice Lemoigne invents polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) which is the first bioplastic made from bacteria. (Thielen 2014)<ref name=":0" /> * 1930s: The first bioplastic car was made from soy beans by Henry Ford. (Thielen 2014)<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Soybean Car - The Henry Ford |url=https://www.thehenryford.org/collections-and-research/digital-resources/popular-topics/soy-bean-car/ |access-date=2020-12-09 |website=www.thehenryford.org |language=en}}</ref> * 1940-1945: During World War II, an increase in plastic production is seen as it is used in many wartime materials. Due to government funding and oversight the United States production of plastics (in general, not just bioplastics) tripled during 1940-1945 (Rogers 2005).<ref name="A Brief History of Plastic">{{Cite web |date=May 2005 |title=A Brief History of Plastic |url=https://brooklynrail.org/2005/05/express/a-brief-history-of-plastic |access-date=2018-09-27 |website=The Brooklyn Rail}}</ref> The 1942 U.S. government short film ''The Tree in a Test Tube'' illustrates the major role bioplastics played in the World War II victory effort and the American economy of the time. * 1950s: Amylomaize (>50% amylose content corn) was successfully bred and commercial bioplastics applications started to be explored. (Liu, Moult, Long, 2009) A decline in bioplastic development is seen due to the cheap oil prices, however the development of synthetic plastics continues. * 1970s: The environmental movement spurred more development in bioplastics. (Rogers 2005)<ref name="A Brief History of Plastic" /> * 1983: The first bioplastics company, Marlborough Biopolymers, is started which uses a bacteria-based bioplastic called {{Not a typo|biopal}}. (Feder 1985)<ref>{{Cite journal |date=May 1995 |title=New fibre could make stronger parts |journal=Reinforced Plastics |volume=39 |issue=5 |page=17 |doi=10.1016/0034-3617(95)91746-2 |issn=0034-3617}}</ref> * 1989: The further development of PLA is made by Dr. Patrick R. Gruber when he figures out how to create PLA from corn. (Whiteclouds 2018). The leading bioplastic company is created called Novamount. Novamount uses matter-bi, a bioplastic, in multiple different applications. (Novamount 2018) * Late 1990s: The development of TP starch and BIOPLAST from research and production of the company BIOTEC lead to the BIOFLEX film. BIOFLEX film can be classified as blown film extrusion, flat film extrusion, and injection moulding lines. These three classifications have applications as follows: Blown films - sacks, bags, trash bags, mulch foils, hygiene products, diaper films, air bubble films, protective clothing, gloves, double rib bags, labels, barrier ribbons; Flat films - trays, flower pots, freezer products and packaging, cups, pharmaceutical packaging; Injection moulding - disposable cutlery, cans, containers, performed pieces, CD trays, cemetery articles, golf tees, toys, writing materials. (Lorcks 1998)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lörcks |first=Jürgen |date=January 1998 |title=Properties and applications of compostable starch-based plastic material |journal=Polymer Degradation and Stability |volume=59 |issue=1–3 |pages=245–249 |doi=10.1016/s0141-3910(97)00168-7 |issn=0141-3910}}</ref> * 1992: It is reported in Science that PHB can be produced by the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. (Poirier, Dennis, Klomparens, Nawrath, Somerville 1992)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Poirier |first=Yves |last2=Dennis |first2=Douglas |last3=Klomparens |first3=Karen |last4=Nawrath |first4=Christiane |last5=Somerville |first5=Chris |date=December 1992 |title=Perspectives on the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in plants |journal=FEMS Microbiology Letters |volume=103 |issue=2–4 |pages=237–246 |doi=10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05843.x |issn=0378-1097 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * 2001: Metabolix inc. purchases Monsanto's biopol business (originally Zeneca) which uses plants to produce bioplastics. (Barber and Fisher 2001)<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1985-12-02 |title=Monsanto finds buyer for oil and gas assets |journal=Chemical & Engineering News |volume=63 |issue=48 |page=5 |doi=10.1021/cen-v063n048.p005a |issn=0009-2347}}</ref> * 2001: Nick Tucker uses elephant grass as a bioplastic base to make plastic car parts. (Tucker 2001) * 2005: Cargill and Dow Chemicals is rebranded as NatureWorks and becomes the leading PLA producer. (Pennisi 2016)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pennisi |first=Elizabeth |author-link=Elizabeth Pennisi |date=1992-05-16 |title=Natureworks |journal=Science News |volume=141 |issue=20 |pages=328–331 |doi=10.2307/3976489 |issn=0036-8423 |jstor=3976489}}</ref> * 2007: Metabolix inc. market tests its first 100% biodegradable plastic called Mirel, made from corn sugar fermentation and genetically engineered bacteria. (Digregorio 2009)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=DiGregorio |first=Barry E. |date=January 2009 |title=Biobased Performance Bioplastic: Mirel |journal=Chemistry & Biology |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=1–2 |doi=10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.01.001 |issn=1074-5521 |pmid=19171300 |doi-access=}}</ref> * 2012: A bioplastic is developed from seaweed proving to be one of the most environmentally friendly bioplastics based on research published in the journal of pharmacy research. (Rajendran, Puppala, Sneha, Angeeleena, Rajam 2012) * 2013: A patent is put on bioplastic derived from blood and a crosslinking agent like sugars, proteins, etc. (iridoid derivatives, diimidates, diones, carbodiimides, acrylamides, dimethylsuberimidates, aldehydes, Factor XIII, dihomo bifunctional NHS esters, carbonyldiimide, {{Sic|glyoxyls}}, proanthocyanidin, reuterin). This invention can be applied by using the bioplastic as tissue, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, bones, and being used in stem cell delivery. (Campbell, Burgess, Weiss, Smith 2013)<ref>{{Cite journal |date=November 2004 |title=Nanotube technology gains US patent |journal=Reinforced Plastics |volume=48 |issue=10 |page=17 |doi=10.1016/s0034-3617(04)00461-8 |issn=0034-3617}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Phil G. |last2=Burgess |first2=James E. |last3=Weiss |first3=Lee E. |last4=Smith |first4=Jason |date=18 June 2015 |title=Methods and Apparatus for Manufacturing Plasma Based Plastics and Bioplastics Produced Therefrom |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US20150165093A1/en |language=en}}</ref> * 2014: It is found in a study published in 2014 that bioplastics can be made from blending vegetable waste (parsley and spinach stems, the husks from cocoa, the hulls of rice, etc.) with TFA solutions of pure cellulose creates a bioplastic. (Bayer, Guzman-Puyol, Heredia-Guerrero, Ceseracciu, Pignatelli, Ruffilli, Cingolani, and Athanassiou 2014)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bayer |first=Ilker S. |last2=Guzman-Puyol |first2=Susana |last3=Heredia-Guerrero |first3=José Alejandro |last4=Ceseracciu |first4=Luca |last5=Pignatelli |first5=Francesca |last6=Ruffilli |first6=Roberta |last7=Cingolani |first7=Roberto |last8=Athanassiou |first8=Athanassia |date=2014-07-15 |title=Direct Transformation of Edible Vegetable Waste into Bioplastics |url=https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/74866 |journal=Macromolecules |volume=47 |issue=15 |pages=5135–5143 |bibcode=2014MaMol..47.5135B |doi=10.1021/ma5008557 |issn=0024-9297 |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-date=2024-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202142027/https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/74866 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2016: An experiment finds that a car bumper that passes regulation can be made from nano-cellulose based bioplastic biomaterials using banana peels. (Hossain, Ibrahim, Aleissa 2016)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharif Hossain |first=A.B.M. |last2=Ibrahim |first2=Nasir A. |last3=AlEissa |first3=Mohammed Saad |date=September 2016 |title=Nano-cellulose derived bioplastic biomaterial data for vehicle bio-bumper from banana peel waste biomass |journal=Data in Brief |volume=8 |pages=286–294 |doi=10.1016/j.dib.2016.05.029 |issn=2352-3409 |pmc=4906129 |pmid=27331103}}</ref> * 2017: A new proposal for bioplastics made from Lignocellulosics resources (dry plant matter). (Brodin, Malin, Vallejos, Opedal, Area, Chinga-Carrasco 2017)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brodin |first=Malin |last2=Vallejos |first2=María |last3=Opedal |first3=Mihaela Tanase |last4=Area |first4=María Cristina |last5=Chinga-Carrasco |first5=Gary |date=September 2017 |title=Lignocellulosics as sustainable resources for production of bioplastics – A review |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=162 |pages=646–664 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.209 |issn=0959-6526 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> * 2018: Many developments occur including Ikea starting industrial production of bioplastics furniture (Barret 2018), Project Effective focusing on replacing nylon with bio-nylon (Barret 2018), and the first packaging made from fruit (Barret 2018). * 2019: Five different types of Chitin nanomaterials were extracted and synthesized by the 'Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology' to verify strong personality and antibacterial effects. When buried underground, 100% biodegradation was possible within six months.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Tran TH, Nguyen HL, Hwang DS, Lee JY, Cha HG, Koo JM, Hwang SY, Park J, Oh DX |year=2019 |title=Five different chitin nanomaterials from identical source with different advantageous functions and performances |journal=Carbohydrate Polymers |publisher=Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. |volume=205 |pages=392–400 |doi=10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.089 |issn=0144-8617 |pmid=30446120 |s2cid=53569630}}</ref> <nowiki>*</nowiki> ba cikakken jerin bane. Wadannan abubuwan kirkirar suna nuna bambancin bioplastics da muhimman cigaba. Sabbin aikace-aikace da abubuwan kirkirar bioplastics suna cigaba da faruwa. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Binciken Bioplastic ko Ci gaba |- |1862 |Parkesine - Alexander Parkes |- |1868 |Celluloid - John Wesley Hyatt |- |1897 |Galalith - likitocin Jamus |- |1907 |Bakelite - Leo Baekeland |- |1912 |Cellophane - Jacques E. Brandenberger |- |Shekaru na 1920 |Polylactic Acid (PLA) - Wallace Carothers |- |1926 |Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) - Maurice Lemoigne |- |Shekaru na 1930 |Soya-bean-based bioplastic mota - Henry Ford |- |1983 |Biopal - Marlborough Biopolymers |- |1989 |PLA daga masara - Dokta Patrick R. Gruber; Matter-bi - Novamount |- |1992 |Ana iya samar da PHB ta hanyar Arabidopsis thaliana (ƙaramin shuka mai fure) |- |1998 |Fim din Bioflex (bugawa, kwance, gyaran allura) yana haifar da aikace-aikace daban-daban na bioplastic |- |2001 |PHB za a iya samar da shi ta hanyar giwayen |- |2007 |Mirel (100% biodegradable filastik) ta Metabolic inc. an gwada shi a kasuwa |- |2012 |Bioplastic an haɓaka shi ne daga albasa |- |2013 |Bioplastic da aka yi daga jini da kuma mai haɗin giciye wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin hanyoyin kiwon lafiya |- |2014 |Bioplastic da aka yi daga sharar kayan lambu |- |2016 |Kamfanin mota da aka yi da kwayar cutar ayaba |- |2017 |Bioplastics da aka yi daga albarkatun lignocellulosic (tsire mai bushe) |- |2018 |Kayan kwalliya na bioplastic, bio-nylon, marufi daga 'ya'yan itace |} [[Fayil:Bioplastics_Development_Center_-_University_of_Massachusetts_Lowell_-_DSC00107.JPG|thumb|Cibiyar Cigaban Bioplastics - Jami'ar Massachusetts Lowell]] [[Fayil:PLA-Kugelschreiber_NatureWorks_CG.jpg|thumb|Fensir da akayi da bioplastics (Polylactide, PLA) ]] == Hanyoyin gwaji == [[Fayil:Shampoo_Bottle_made_of_PLA-Blend_Bio-Flex.jpg|thumb|264x264px|Gilashin shampoo na bioplastic da aka yi da PLA-blend bio-flex]] === Kasuwancin masana'antu - EN 13432, ASTM D6400 === Dole ne A cikin ma'aunin masana'antu na EN 13432 don da'awar cewa samfurin filastik yana iyayin compostable a kasuwar Turai. A taƙaice, yana buƙatar gwaje-gwaje da yawa da kuma saita ka'idojin wucewa / gazawar, gami da rushewa (rugujewar jiki da gani) na abin da aka gama a cikin makonni 1, biodegradation (canja carbon zuwa CO) na sinadaran polymeric a cikin kwanaki 180, guba na shuka da ƙarfe mai nauyi. Matsayin ASTM 6400 shine tsarin tsari na Amurka kuma yana da irin wannan buƙatu. Yawancin filastik na [[starch]], filastik da ke PLA da wasu mahaɗan co-[[polyester]] na [[Aliphatic]]-aromatic, kamar su succinates da adipates, sun sami waɗannan takaddun shaida. Additive-based bioplastics sayar a matsayin photodegradable ko [[Oxo Biodegradable]] basu bi waɗannan ka'idoji a halin yanzu ba. === Compostability - ASTM D6002 === Hanyar ASTM D 6002 don ƙayyade compostability na filastik ya bayyana kalmar compostable kamar haka:<blockquote>wanda ke iya fuskantar lalacewar halittu a cikin wani shafin mai mai mai mai amfani dashi don kayan baza'a iya rarrabe su ba kuma ya rushe cikin carbon dioxide, ruwa, mahaɗan inorganic da biomass a cikin adadin daya dace da sanannun kayan mai amfani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Compostable.info |url=http://www.compostable.info/compostable.htm}}</ref></blockquote>  Wannan ma'anar ta jawo zargi da yawa saboda, sabanin yadda aka bayyana kalmar a al'ada, ya rabu da tsarin "composting" daga bukatar hakan wanda ke haifar da [[humus]] / compost a matsayin samfurin ƙarshe. Abinda kawai wannan ma'auni ya bayyana shi ne cewa filastik mai sarrafawa dole ne ya nemi yatafi da sauri kamar yadda wani abu da mutum ya riga ya kafa ya zama mai sarrafawa a ƙarƙashin ma'anar gargajiya. ==== . ASTM D 6002 ==== A watan Janairun 2011, ASTM ta janye ma'auni na ASTM D 6002, wanda yaba masana'antun filastik amincin doka don lakafta filastik a matsayin mai sarrafawa. Bayanansa kamar haka:<blockquote>Wannan jagorar da aka rufe ta bada shawarar ka'idoji, hanyoyin, da kuma hanyar gaba ɗaya don kafa compostability na filastik masu lalacewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASTM D6002 - 96(2002)e1 Standard Guide for Assessing the Compostability of Environmentally Degradable Plastics (Withdrawn 2011) |url=http://www.astm.org/Standards/D6002.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221192326/https://www.astm.org/Standards/D6002.htm |archive-date=2019-12-21 |access-date=2012-09-05 |website=astm.org}}</ref> </blockquote>ASTM har yanzu bai maye gurbin wannan ma'auni ba. === Biobased - ASTM D6866 === An haɓaka hanyar ASTM D6866 don tabbatar da abubuwan da aka samo daga kwayoyin halitta na bioplastics. Hasken sararin samaniya dake haɗuwa da yanayi yana nufin cewa wasu daga cikin carbon shine isotope carbon-14. CO₂ daga yanayi ana amfani dashi ta shuke-shuke a cikin photosynthesis, don haka sabon kayan shuke-huke zasu ƙunshi carbon-14 da carbon-12. A karkashin yanayin daya dace, da kuma a kan lokutan geological, za'a iya canza ragowar halittu masu rai zuwa burbushin burbushin halittu. Bayan ~ shekaru 100,000 duk carbon-14 dake cikin asalin kwayoyin halitta zasu sha wahala a cikin lalacewar rediyo inda suka bar carbon-12 kawai. Samfurin da aka yi daga biomass zai sami matakin carbon-14, yayin da samfurin da akayi da sinadarin man fetur bazai sami carbon-14. Za'a iya auna kashi na carbon mai sabuntawa a cikin kayan (mai ƙarfi ko ruwa) tare da ma'aunin ma'auni mai sauri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASTM D6866 - 11 Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Samples Using Radiocarbon Analysis |url=http://www.astm.org/Standards/D6866.htm |access-date=2011-08-14 |publisher=Astm.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-02-24 |title=NNFCC Newsletter&nbsp;– Issue 16. Understanding Bio-based Content&nbsp;— NNFCC |url=http://www.nnfcc.co.uk/publications/nnfcc-newsletter-issue-16-understanding-bio-based-content |access-date=2011-08-14 |publisher=Nnfcc.co.uk |archive-date=2011-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720182801/http://www.nnfcc.co.uk/publications/nnfcc-newsletter-issue-16-understanding-bio-based-content |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akwai muhimmiyar bambanci tsakanin [[Rashin lalacewa|biodegradability]] da abun ciki na biobased. A bioplastic irin su high-density polyethylene (HDPE) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Braskem |url=http://www.braskem.com.br/site/portal_braskem/en/sala_de_imprensa/sala_de_imprensa_detalhes_6062.aspx |access-date=2011-08-14 |publisher=Braskem}}</ref> iya zama 100% biobased (watau dauke da 100% sabunta carbon), duk da haka ba-biodegradable. Wadannan bioplastics irin su HDPE duk da haka suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rage iskar gas, musamman lokacin da aka ƙone su don samar da makamashi. Sashe na biobased na waɗannan bioplastics ana ɗaukar su carbon-neutral tunda asalin su ya fito ne daga biomass === Anaerobic biodegradability - ASTM D5511-02 da ASTM D 5526 === ASTM D5511-12 da ASTM D 5526-12 hanyoyin gwaji ne waɗanda suka bi ka'idodin duniya kamar ISO DIS 15985 don biodegradability na filastik. == Dubi kuma ==    == Manazarta ==   == Ƙarin karantawa == * [https://www.proquest.com/docview/1347639560 Flastik ba tare da Tarihin Man Fetur ba da Siyasa na 'Green' Flastik a Amurka] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=KZCNJ8qSWKYC ''Filastik da muhalli''] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=SUCtOwns7TEC&pg=PA155 "Ginin Jama'a na Bakelite: Zuwa ga ka'idar kirkirar"] a cikin The Social Construction of Technological Systems, shafuffuka 155-182&nbsp; == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.gcis.com.cn/11-multi-client-market-research-reports/204-china-biodegradable-plastics-market-research-report Binciken Kasuwar China don Flastik mai lalacewa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904192810/http://www.gcis.com.cn/11-multi-client-market-research-reports/204-china-biodegradable-plastics-market-research-report |date=2021-09-04 }} An adana shi 2021-09-04 a , Mayu 2017, GCiS China Strategic Research [[Rukuni:Muhalli]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jseqg29qs5kjjrv0kyc2o65aeev8qhj 0 81583 892694 828685 2026-08-07T21:47:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Milly Nassolo Kikomeko''' 'yar [[Kasuwancin zamantakewa|kasuwan zamantakewar jama'a]] [[Uganda|ce ta Uganda]], mai fafutuka kare hakkin ɗan Adam kuma [[lauya]]. Ita ce ta kafa ''gidauniyar Maisha Holistic Africa'', wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke gundumar Kagadi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Editorial |first=PML DAILY EDITOR &#124; PML Daily |date=October 26, 2023 |title=MILLY NASSOLO: Passion for Empowering Women |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2023/10/milly-nassolo-passion-for-empowering-women.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Asingwire |first=Mzee |date=May 17, 2023 |title=Milly Nassolo's legal career: Balancing law practice and activism for social change |url=https://www.pulse.ug/lifestyle/milly-nassolos-legal-career-balancing-law-practice-and-activism-for-social-change/6zdx3pw |website=Pulse Uganda}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Milly Nassolo Unveils Maisha Holistic Africa Foundation in Kagadi District &#124; the Kampala Post |url=https://kampalapost.com/content/milly-nassolo-unveils-maisha-holistic-africa-foundation-kagadi-district }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2021 |title=Working for women makes Nassolo happy |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/working-for-women-makes-nassolo-happy--3339696 |website=Monitor}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Nassolo a ƙauyen Kikumbo, ƙaramar hukumar Kibibi, a gundumar Butambala. Ta halarci makarantar firamare ta Gombe, sannan ta yi karatun firamare, sai kuma Mpigi Mixed Secondary School for O-Level, sannan ta yi karatun A-level a makarantar sakandaren Mpigi. Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin shari'a a [[Jami'ar Kasa da Kasa ta Kampala|Kampala International University]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2021 |title=Working for women makes Nassolo happy |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/working-for-women-makes-nassolo-happy--3339696 |website=Monitor}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/working-for-women-makes-nassolo-happy--3339696 "Working for women makes Nassolo happy"]. ''Monitor''. March 28, 2021.</cite></ref> == Sana'a == Tun daga shekarar 2014, Nassolo tana aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar lauya a Lubega, Ssaka da Co. Advocates yayin da take karatun digiri. <ref name>{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2021 |title=Working for women makes Nassolo happy |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/working-for-women-makes-nassolo-happy--3339696 |website=Monitor}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/working-for-women-makes-nassolo-happy--3339696 "Working for women makes Nassolo happy"]. ''Monitor''. March 28, 2021.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 26, 2023 |title=Activist Milly Kikomeko Launches "Get Talking with Milly" Tweet Chat Initiative – TowerPostNews |url=https://thetowerpost.com/2023/10/26/activist-milly-kikomeko-launches-get-talking-with-milly-tweet-chat-initiative/ |website=thetowerpost.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wampula |first=Arajab |date=October 25, 2023 |title=Here Are All The Amazing Things Milly Nassolo Is Doing To Advocate For The Girl Child* &#124; DaParrot &#124; Building Communities, Outlining Possibilities |url=https://daparrot.com/here-are-all-the-amazing-things-milly-nassolo-is-doing-to-advocate-for-the-girl-child/ }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2014, ta kafa ''Maisha Holistic Africa Foundation'', <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nassolo supports disadvantaged people |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/NV_125540 |website=Bukedde |access-date=2024-07-15 |archive-date=2023-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218210455/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/NV_125540 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Asingwire |first=Mzee |date=May 17, 2023 |title=Milly Nassolo's legal career: Balancing law practice and activism for social change |url=https://www.pulse.ug/lifestyle/milly-nassolos-legal-career-balancing-law-practice-and-activism-for-social-change/6zdx3pw |website=Pulse Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFAsingwire2023">Asingwire, Mzee (May 17, 2023). [https://www.pulse.ug/lifestyle/milly-nassolos-legal-career-balancing-law-practice-and-activism-for-social-change/6zdx3pw "Milly Nassolo's legal career: Balancing law practice and activism for social change"]. ''Pulse Uganda''.</cite></ref> kungiya mai zaman kanta a gundumar Kagadi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeya |first=John Kenny |date=October 19, 2023 |title=Milly Nassolo Fostering Children's and Women's Rights in Uganda |url=https://kampalaedgetimes.com/milly-nassolo-fostering-childrens-and-womens-rights-in-uganda/ |website=Kampala Edge Times |access-date=July 15, 2024 |archive-date=April 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421075546/https://kampalaedgetimes.com/milly-nassolo-fostering-childrens-and-womens-rights-in-uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugisha |first=Mugibson |date=May 18, 2023 |title=Meet Milly Nassolo: A Champion For A Brighter Future For Children & Women In Uganda - MUGIBSON |url=https://mugibson.com/meet-milly-nassolo-a-champion-for-a-brighter-future-for-children-women-inuganda/ |website=mugibson.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugisha |first=Mugibson |date=February 1, 2023 |title=Activist Milly Nassolo Extends Helping Hand Through Health Camp In Kagadi District - MUGIBSON |url=https://mugibson.com/activist-milly-nassolo-extends-helping-hand-through-health-camp-in-kagadi-district/ |website=mugibson.com}}</ref> amma an kaddamar da kungiyar a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2019 |title=Through Maisha Holistic Africa Foundation, Social Entrepreneur Milly Nassolo Seeks to Help Those in Need - MUGIBSON |url=https://mugibson.com/through-maisha-holistic-africa-foundation-social-entrepreneur-milly-nassolo-seeks-to-help-those-in-need/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2019 |title=Social Entrepreneur Milly Nassolo Launches Maisha Holistic Africa Foundation |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/world/2019/04/social-entrepreneur-milly-nassolo-launches-maisha-holistic-africa-foundation.html}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Nassolo ta auri Robert Kikomeko Tumusabe a cikin shekara ta 2016 a Kamwokya Church of God. Tare, suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Tyler Kaeb K. Tumusabe da Travis Silver K. Tumusabe <ref name="auto1"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lisimba |first=Hillary |date=December 21, 2021 |title=I lied to him about everything the first time we met, Ugandan wife discloses |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/people/family/437690-ugandan-wife-admits-she-lied-about-everything-first-time-she-met-man-who-married-her/ |website=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2019 |title=Social Entrepreneur Milly Nassolo Launches Maisha Holistic Africa Foundation |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/world/2019/04/social-entrepreneur-milly-nassolo-launches-maisha-holistic-africa-foundation.html}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] lfrygvsyqmn1p8wy01suv8oepvkqun8 0 82106 892752 874263 2026-08-08T05:57:08Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 892752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Julie Laraine Cliff AO''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1944) likita ce kuma masaniyar cututtukan dabbobi ta ƙasar [[Ostiraliya (nahiya)|Ostiraliya]] wadda aka sani da aikinta na rigakafi da kuma shawo kan cututtuka masu yaɗuwa ta hanyar binciken cututtuka da manufofin lafiya, musamman a Mozambique, inda aikinta ya ɗauki kimanin shekaru 40. A can, bincikenta ya nuna cewa sake bullowar cutar konzo mai gurguwar jini a cikin al'ummomin karkara marasa galihu ya faru ne sakamakon yawan cyanide a cikin rogo da ba a sarrafa shi yadda ya kamata ba, sakamakon canje-canje a ayyukan shirya abinci saboda tasirin tattalin arziki na yaƙi da fari. A shekara ta 1996, an naɗa Cliff a matsayin Jami'in Order of [[Asturaliya|Australia]], kuma an ba shi digirin girmamawa na Doctor of Laws daga Jami'ar Monash. A shekara ta 2013, ta gabatar da Lakca ta Pumpandle ta John Snow Society, mai taken "Daga London zuwa Mozambique, daga kwalara zuwa konzo".<ref>Harford, Tim (2020). "32. Cassava processing". The Next Fifty Things that Made the Modern Economy. London: Little, Brown Book Group. pp. 112–114. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4087-1264-1</nowiki>.</ref> == Rayuwa da ilimi na farko == An haifi Julie Cliff a shekara ta 1944 a Essendon, Victoria. A matsayinta na ɗalibar likitanci, ta yi karatun zaɓe a New Guinea, kuma a shekarar 1967 ta kammala karatun MBBS daga Jami'ar [[Melbourne]]. Daga baya ta kammala karatun difloma a fannin likitancin wurare masu zafi a Makarantar Tsabtace Muhalli da Magungunan Wurare Masu Yawa ta London (LSHTM) da kuma karatun digiri na biyu a fannin likitanci a London. == Lokacin datafara aikinta == A shekarar 1974 an naɗa Cliff ƙwararren likita mai daraja a Asibitin Muhimbili kuma malami a fannin likitanci a Jami'ar Dar es Salaam da ke Tanzania; ta shafe shekaru biyu a wannan ƙasar. Daga 1976 zuwa 1979 ta kasance ƙwararriyar likita kuma darakta a Sashen Cututtuka Masu Yawa a Asibitin [[Maputo]] da ke Mozambique, inda ta shiga can jim kaɗan bayan ƙasar ta sami 'yancin kai. Ta kasance cikin ƙungiyar ƙwararru da aka ɗauka don sake gina wani sabis na kiwon lafiya a Mozambique, cikakken bayani game da shi an bayar a cikin babinta mai suna "Cutar marayu a Mozambique" a cikin littafin Julie Pearlman mai suna The Practice of International Health (2009). A shekarar 1976 an kuma naɗa ta farfesa mai taimakawa a Faculdade de Medicina a Jami'ar Eduardo Mondlane ta Maputo kuma ta ci gaba da haka har zuwa 1998. Aikinta a can ya haɓaka haɗin gwiwa da Jami'ar Melbourne.<ref>Cliff, Julie (2009). "4. An orphan disease in Mozambique". In Pearlman, Daniel; Roy, Ananya (eds.). The Practice of International Health. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 70–87. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-19-531027-6</nowiki>.</ref> Daga 1980 zuwa 1984 Cliff ta kasance ƙwararren masanin cututtuka a Hukumar Kula da Magungunan Rigakafi ta Mozambique. Ta koma LSHTM don kammala digiri na biyu a fannin lafiyar al'umma sannan ta koma Mozambique.[3] Daga baya, ta yi shekaru huɗu a matsayin shugabar Sashen Cututtuka na Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Ƙasa ta Maputo, da kuma shekaru biyu a matsayin shugabar riƙo ta Sashen Lafiyar Al'umma a Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Eduardo Mondlane. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} qylwtrdehy97e17tr7cwav131iylecs 0 82319 892613 610056 2026-08-07T15:49:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892613 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Marie Rose Abousefian''' ( Armenian </link> ) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Armeniya, marubuci, mai bincike, marubuci, mawaƙi kuma daraktan mataki wanda ya binciki wallafe-wallafen tarihi, wakoki da larabci, da ke nuna bala'in ɗan adam, da kisan kiyashin Armeniya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Marie Rose Abousefian, PhD - Academia.edu |url=http://independent.academia.edu/MarieRoseAbousefianPhD |access-date=2020-01-02 |website=independent.academia.edu}}</ref> Har ila yau, tana da hannu wajen gudanar da bincike kan batutuwan da suka shafi matsayin kasa, 'yancin ɗan adam, 'yancin mata da 'yancin al'ummar Armeniya. == Sana'a == Abousefian ta yi karatu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Jiha ta Armeniya . Ta fara aiki a Arshaluys Theater. Ba da daɗewa ba, ta shiga gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Yerevan Dramatic Theater (yanzu an fi sani da Hrachya Ghaplanyan Drama Theater ), tana ɗaukar ayyuka da yawa a cikin talabijin, rediyo, da wallafe-wallafen wallafe-wallafe da wasan kwaikwayo, wanda Hayfilm ya yi fim. <ref name="panarmenian.net">{{Cite web |title=Մարի Ռոզ Աբուսեֆյան. Եթե ելույթ ունենայի անգլերեն, շատ ավելի մեծ փառքի կհասնեի |url=http://www.panarmenian.net/arm/news/108574/ |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=PanARMENIAN.Net}}</ref> A 1983, ta yi hijira zuwa [[San Francisco]] inda ta ci gaba da aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo. <ref name="panarmenian.net"/> Anan, ta fara nunin "Mace Daya", (yin aiki a matsayin nau'i daban-daban, samar da hasken wuta, tsara zane, kiɗa da rubutun). A halin yanzu, ta kafa "Saroyan Theater" na Hamazkayin, San Francisco, tsawon shekaru biyar a matsayin furodusa. Ayyukanta a wasan kwaikwayo, fim da wasan kwaikwayo, sun haɗa da matsayin marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, darakta da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo. Ta rubuta, shirya da kuma buga faifan faifan sauti da yawa, gami da wasan kwaikwayo na [[Armenian genocide|kisan kiyashin Armeniya]] da kuma rayuwar marubuta, mawaƙa da masu tarihi. Wasanta na ban mamaki na "Mace Daya" sun zagaya birane da yawa a cikin [[Armeniya]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], [[Kanada]], [[Turai]], [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]] da [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] . Ayyukan adabi na Abousefian suna fitowa a cikin wallafe-wallafe a cikin Armeniya da ko'ina cikin Ƙasashen Armeniya . Ta yawaita rubuta labaran jarida don Asbarez, Aztag, Azad Ko da Horizon Weekly . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Մարի Ռոզ Աբուսէֆեան |url=http://asbarez.com/arm/?s=%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB+%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A6+%D4%B1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A7%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6&submit=Search |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-01-02 |website=Asbarez (in Armenian) |language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Մարի Ռոզ Աբուսէֆեան |url=https://azator.gr/?s=%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB+%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A6+%D4%B1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A7%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-01-02 |website=Azat Or |language=hy}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Մարի Ռոզ Աբուսէֆեան |url=http://www.aztagdaily.com/search/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB+%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A6+%D4%B1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A7%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-01-02 |website=Aztag Daily - Ազդակ Օրաթերթ (Armenian Daily Newspaper, Lebanon) |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aprahamian |first=Viken |date=19 June 2019 |title=Իր ցեղին սրտի զարկերուն մէջ մտած 135-ամեայ մեր հանճարեղ բանաստեղծ՝ Դանիէլ Վարուժանի երթը — Բ. |url=http://kragan.horizonweekly.ca/?p=890 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-01-02 |website=Horizon Weekly Kragan |language=en-US}}</ref> Ma'aikatar Al'adun Armeniya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Zinariya ta girmamawa a cikin 2010. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=ԻՄ ՄԱՍԻՆ |url=http://marieroseabousefian.jimdofree.com/իմ-մասին/ |access-date=2020-01-01 |website=Сайт marieroseabousefian! |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Мария-Роза Абусефян |url=https://www.kino-teatr.ru/kino/acter/w/sov/33734/bio/ |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=Кино-Театр.РУ}}</ref> A cikin 2013, Cibiyar Nazarin Adabi ta M. Abeghyan ta Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Armeniya ta ba ta digirin digiri a cikin adabi da Falsafa (Ph.D). Ƙididdiga na digirinta ya kasance akan ''Trilogy na Shekara ɗari da ɗaya da The Pierced Pot'', litattafan marubucin Armeniya na Yamma na karni na 20, Hagop Oshagan . Mai kula da ita shi ne Farfesa Sergey Sarinyan. Abousefian memba ce na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Armeniya. Ita ma memba ce ta Ararat International Academy of Sciences (AIAS) a Paris, Faransa. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2006 |title=Conférence: Journées Scientifiques Franco-Arméniennes |url=http://www.ararat-academy.org/Programme%20Conference%20Ararat.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=ACADÉMIE INTERNATIONALE DES SCIENCES ARARAT}}</ref> A cikin 2015, AIAS ta ba ta lambar yabo ta cika shekaru 100 na kisan kiyashin Armeniya. Wakilin AIAS, ta halarci taron shekara-shekara na Kimiyya na Duniya a [[Faris|Paris]], siriin su. A cikin 2017, Jami'ar Nazarin Ilimi ta Duniya (IUFS) da ke Moscow, Rasha ta ba ta matsayin "Farfesa na Hulda da Diflomasiya". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Professors |url=https://www.iufs.edu/professors.html |access-date=2020-01-01 |website=www.iufs.edu |archive-date=2019-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716225842/http://www.iufs.edu/professors.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Filmography === Abousefian ya fito a cikin fina-finai na Armeniya daban-daban, yana aiki tare da shahararrun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da suka hada da Frunzik Mkrtchyan, Avet Avetisyan, Sofiko Chiaureli, Varduhi Varderesyan, Vladimir Msryan da Verjaluys Mirijanyan . * ''Dangin Morgan / Մորգանի խնամին'' (1970) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Morgan's Relative by Marriage |url=http://arm-cinema.am/en/features_and_shorts/246.html |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=arm-cinema.am |archive-date=2020-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121224218/http://www.arm-cinema.am/en/features_and_shorts/246.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Blonde Plane / Շեկ Ինքնաթիռ'' (1975) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ginger Plane |url=http://arm-cinema.am/en/features_and_shorts/275.html |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=arm-cinema.am |archive-date=2020-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123044745/http://www.arm-cinema.am/en/features_and_shorts/275.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Arevik'' (1978) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arevik |url=http://arm-cinema.am/en/features_and_shorts/295.html |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=arm-cinema.am |archive-date=2020-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121224309/http://www.arm-cinema.am/en/features_and_shorts/295.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Oh, Gevorg'' / Օ՜, Գևորգ (1979) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oh, Gevorg |url=http://arm-cinema.am/en/features_and_shorts/313.html |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=arm-cinema.am |archive-date=2020-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121223538/http://www.arm-cinema.am/en/features_and_shorts/313.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Wani yanki na Sky / Կտոր մը երկինք'' (1980) <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Piece of Sky |url=http://arm-cinema.am/en/features_and_shorts/321.html |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=arm-cinema.am |archive-date=2020-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122101410/http://www.arm-cinema.am/en/features_and_shorts/321.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ayyuka === Duk wasan kwaikwayo na mataki an daidaita su daga rubutun asali zuwa wasan kwaikwayo na Abousefian. Daga cikin ayyukanta akwai: * ''Hasumiyar Tsaro ta'' ''Ever-Tolling Bell'' - Paruyr Sevak * ''Daga Kars zuwa Troy'' - Vardges Petrosyan * ''Krikor Zohrab akan hanyar Golgotha'' * ''Babban Ƙaunar Payrur Sevak'' * ''Remnants -'' Hagop Oshagan * ''Rendezvous tare da Soyayya'' * ''Amaryar Dadrakom'' - Gostan Zarian * ''Mahaukaci'' - Matheos Zarifian * ''Tukunyar Soke'' - Hagop Oshagan * ''Gwajin Soghomon Tehlrian'' * ''Kwanaki 40 na Musa Dagh'' - Franz Werfel * ''Wannan Maraice tare da Vahan Terian'' * ''Tigran Mai Girma'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-29 |title=SARF Fundraiser to Feature Abousefian in 'Tikran Medz' |url=http://asbarez.com/127417/sarf-fundraiser-to-feature-abousefian-in-tikran-medz/ |access-date=2020-01-02 |website=Asbarez.com |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Takardu === * [http://hpj.asj-oa.am/5890/ ''Tunanin kisan kiyashin da aka yi wa Armeniya a cikin ayyukan Hakob Oshagan / Հայոց''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628223847/http://hpj.asj-oa.am/5890/ |date=2020-06-28 }} * [https://www.academia.edu/25335289/Germanys_Responsibility_in_the_Armenian_Genocide ''Alhakin Jamus a kisan kiyashin Armeniya'' (2015)] * [https://www.academia.edu/31127656/The_Importance_of_National_Identity ''Muhimmancin Shaida ta Ƙasa'' (2016)] * [https://www.academia.edu/41396126/The_World_Needs_Peace ''Duniya Na Bukatar Zaman Lafiya'' (2019)] <ref name=":0"/> * [https://www.academia.edu/44177452/Taniel_Varoujan_Life_Work_and_Times ''Taniel Varoujan: Rayuwa, Aiki da Lokaci'' (2019)] * [https://www.academia.edu/69077942/Hagop_Oshagan_Short_Story_Reflections_on_the_Armenian_Genocide ''Hagop Oshagan: Gajerun Labarin Tunanin Kisan Kisan Armeniya'' (2022)] === Littattafai === * ''Tare da Hanyoyi na Hankali da Ruhi'' * ''Trilogy na shekara ɗari da ɗaya'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=ՄԱՐԻ ՌՈԶ ԱԲՈՒՍԷՖԵԱՆԻ ՄԵԿՆԱԲԱՆԱԿԱՆ ԱՇԽԱՏՈՒԹԻՒՆԸ - Diplomat.am |url=http://www.diplomat.am/publ/diaspora_1/mari_roz/17-1-0-459 |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=www.diplomat.am |archive-date=2020-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507203112/http://www.diplomat.am/publ/diaspora_1/mari_roz/17-1-0-459 |url-status=dead }}</ref> </link> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://marieroseabousefian.jimdofree.com/ Marie Rose Abousefian Official Yanar Gizo] * {{IMDb name|1583967}} * [https://independent.academia.edu/MarieRoseAbousefianPhD Marie Rose Abousefian] akan Amademia.edu * [https://www.youtube.com/@ActressMarieRose Marie Rose Abousefian] a kan [[YouTube]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bt2430beok4s1zm0eb59vr92j8p2gh3 0 84523 892788 786995 2026-08-08T08:25:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892788 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox person | name = Oluwami Dosunmu-Ogunbi | citizenship = [[United States|American]] | alma_mater = {{ubl|[[University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign]] (BSc)|[[University of Michigan Ann Arbor]] (MSE)|[[University of Michigan Ann Arbor]] (MS)|[[University of Michigan Ann Arbor]] (PhD)}} | occupation = [[Educator]], Roboticist | known_for = First Black woman to obtain a PhD in Robotics | title = Robotics Engineer | mother = Dr Sesi Dosunmu Ogunbi | father = Dr Adedoyin Dosunmu Ogunbi | website = {{url|https://wamiogunbi.com}} }} '''Oluwami Dosunmu-Ogunbi''' yar kasan Najeriya ne mazauniyar kasan Amurka, masanar harkan robots, [[injiniya]] ce, kuma malama. An san ta a matsayin mace baƙar fata ta farko da ta sami Ph.D. a cikin Robotics daga Jami'ar Michigan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-13 |title=Meet Oluwami Dosunmu-Ogunbi, the First Black Woman to Earn PhD in Robotics from University of Michigan {{!}} Duchess International Magazine |url=https://duchessinternationalmagazine.com/meet-oluwami-dosunmu-ogunbi-the-first-black-woman-to-earn-phd-in-robotics-from-university-of-michigan/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-14 |title=Oluwami Dosunmu-Ogunbi Makes History As The First Black Woman To Obtain A Ph.D. In Robotics At The University Of Michigan |url=https://www.yahoo.com/tech/oluwami-dosunmu-ogunbi-makes-history-182051802.html |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=Yahoo Tech |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanusi |first=Deborah |date=2024-05-08 |title=Nigerian emerges first black woman to bag PhD in Robotics at Michigan varsity |url=https://punchng.com/nigerian-emerges-first-black-woman-to-bag-phd-in-robotics-at-michigan-varsity/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ogunseyin |first=Oluyemi |date=2024-05-07 |title=Nigerian makes history as first Black woman to earn U-M Robotics PhD |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigerian-makes-history-as-first-black-woman-to-earn-u-m-robotics-phd/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa da aiki == === Zuriya da tarihin ilimi === An haifi Oluwami ga 'yan ci ranin iyayen na Najeriya, Adedoyin Dosunmu Ogunbi da Sesi Dosunmu Ugunbi . Mahaifin Oluwami ya kasance Daraktan Kiwon Lafiya ne a Duchess International Hospital dake cikin [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas,]] [[Najeriya]] kuma Mataimakin Farfesa a Jami'ar Alabama Birmingham<ref>{{Cite web |title=Duchess Executive Team |url=https://duchesshospital.com/about/duchess-executive-team/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=Duchess International Hospital |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827175324/https://duchesshospital.com/about/duchess-executive-team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adedoyin Bodunrin Oluyemisi DOSUNMU-OGUNBI personal appointments - Find and update company information - GOV.UK |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/ZGNFcQqBpDrcifkUttsJsFWj7e4/appointments |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref>. Mahaifiyarta Sesi ta kasance ƙwararriyar likitan da ake wa lakabi da pediatric gastroenterology.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sesi Dosunmu-Ogunbi, M.D., F.A.A.P. |url=https://www.usahealthsystem.com/providers/sesi-dosunmu-ogunbi |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=USA Health |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827175526/https://www.usahealthsystem.com/providers/sesi-dosunmu-ogunbi |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Sesi Dosunmu-Ogunbi, MD - Pediatric Gastroenterologist in Billings, MT {{!}} Healthgrades |url=https://www.healthgrades.com/physician/dr-sesi-dosunmu-ogunbi-x2vsx |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=www.healthgrades.com}}</ref> Oluwami ta sami takardar shedar digirin ta na farko a fannin [[Injiniyanci]] daga Jami'ar Illinois Urbana-Champaign, a inda ta samu nasarar kammala karatu tare da karramawa a shekara ta 2017. Daga nan sai Oluwami ta ci gaba da karatu a Jami'ar Michigan Ann Arbor, inda ta samu takardar shedar digiri na biyu a fannin [[Injiniyanci]] a shekara ta 2020, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu (master's degree) da digiri na uku (Ph.D) a ilimin Robotics a shekara ta 2021 da 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Communications |first=Grainger Engineering Office of Marketing and |title=This undergrad has perfected the balancing act |url=https://mechse.illinois.edu/news/undergrad-has-perfected-balancing-act |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=mechse.illinois.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Everett |first=Herman |date=2024-05-09 |title=Dosunmu-Ogunbi Becomes First Black Woman to Earn PhD in Robotics |url=https://www.tv360nigeria.com/dosunmu-ogunbi-becomes-first-black-woman-to-earn-phd-in-robotics/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=TV360 Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://wamiogunbi.com/about |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=Wami Ogunbi |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Oluwami (Wami) Dosunmu-Ogunbi {{!}} Michigan Robotics |url=https://robotics.umich.edu/profile/oluwami-wami-dosunmu-ogunbi/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=robotics.umich.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> ==== Ayyuka ==== Oluwami ta samu kanta a matsayin malaman dalibai a Jami'ar Michigan daga 2019 zuwa 2020. Ta kuma kasance Lead [[Injiniyanci|Engineering]] Learning Assistant na shirin Illinois Engineering First-Year Experience (IEFX) kuma ta rike matsayin Sand Casting Chair na Pi Tau Sigma, ƙungiyar girmama aikin [[injiniyanci]]. Kuma ta kasance mai nusarwa da ba da shawara ga ɗalibai kuma jagora a cikin Shirin [[Injiniyanci]] na Morrill, wanda ke mai da hankali kan karfafa ɗaliban injiniyan Afirka, Hispanic, da 'yan asalin Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-13 |title=Meet Oluwami Dosunmu-Ogunbi, the First Black Woman to Earn PhD in Robotics from University of Michigan {{!}} Duchess International Magazine |url=https://duchessinternationalmagazine.com/meet-oluwami-dosunmu-ogunbi-the-first-black-woman-to-earn-phd-in-robotics-from-university-of-michigan/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Communications |first=Grainger Engineering Office of Marketing and |title=Dosunmu-Ogunbi wins college leadership award |url=https://mechse.illinois.edu/news/dosunmu-ogunbi-wins-college-leadership-award |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=mechse.illinois.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Teaching |url=https://wamiogunbi.com/teaching |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=Wami Ogunbi |language=en-US}}</ref> A halin yanzun, Oluwami ta na rike da matsayin Mataimakiyar Farfesa Mai Ziyara a Sashen Mechanical Engineering a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Rose-Hulman. A ranar 6 ga Afrilun shekara ta 2024, an kaddamar da Oluwami cikin Edward Alexander Bouchet Graduate Honor Society (Bouchet Society), wanda aka masa suna a matsayin dan Afirka na farko da ya karbi digiri a Amurka (Physics, Jami'ar Yale, 1876). <ref>{{Cite web |last=tedxdet |title=Speakers 2024 |url=https://www.tedxdetroit.com/speakers-2024/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=TEDxDetroit |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://wamiogunbi.com/about |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=Wami Ogunbi |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Wallafe-Wallafen limi === * Terrain-adaptive, alip-based bipedal locomotion controller via model predictive control and virtual constraints <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terrain-adaptive, alip-based bipedal locomotion controller via model predictive control and virtual constraints |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=HfUop_cAAAAJ&citation_for_view=HfUop_cAAAAJ:u-x6o8ySG0sC |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> * Stair climbing using the angular momentum linear inverted pendulum model and model predictive control <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stair climbing using the angular momentum linear inverted pendulum model and model predictive control |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=HfUop_cAAAAJ&citation_for_view=HfUop_cAAAAJ:d1gkVwhDpl0C |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> * Demonstrating a Robust Walking Algorithm for Underactuated Bipedal Robots in Non-flat, Non-stationary Environments <ref>{{Citation|last=Dosunmu-Ogunbi|first=Oluwami|title=Demonstrating a Robust Walking Algorithm for Underactuated Bipedal Robots in Non-flat, Non-stationary Environments|date=2024-03-04|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=HfUop_cAAAAJ&citation_for_view=HfUop_cAAAAJ:9yKSN-GCB0IC|access-date=2024-08-27|last2=Shrivastava|first2=Aayushi|last3=Grizzle|first3=Jessy W.}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == Oluwami ta sami kyaututtuka da dama, fellowship da sauran karramawa, daga cikinsu su ne: * Karramawar Paul E. Parker (2016) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Honors & Awards |url=https://wamiogunbi.com/honors-awards |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=Wami Ogunbi |language=en-US}}</ref> * Karramawar Mechanical Engineering Pi Tau Sigma MVP (2016) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Everett |first=Herman |date=2024-05-09 |title=Dosunmu-Ogunbi Becomes First Black Woman to Earn PhD in Robotics |url=https://www.tv360nigeria.com/dosunmu-ogunbi-becomes-first-black-woman-to-earn-phd-in-robotics/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=TV360 Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> * Karramawar Nasara ta Janet Eakman (2017) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Honors & Awards |url=https://wamiogunbi.com/honors-awards |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=Wami Ogunbi |language=en-US}}</ref> * Rackham Merit Fellowship (2017)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honors & Awards |url=https://wamiogunbi.com/honors-awards |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Wami Ogunbi |language=en-US}}</ref> * GEM Fellowship ( 2017) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Honors & Awards |url=https://wamiogunbi.com/honors-awards |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Wami Ogunbi |language=en-US}}</ref> * Karramawar Nasara na Willie Hobbs Moore (2022) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Honors & Awards |url=https://wamiogunbi.com/honors-awards |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=Wami Ogunbi |language=en-US}}</ref> * Ford Foundation Pre-Doctoral Fellowship (Honourable Mention - 2022) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ford Foundation |url=https://ra.nas.edu/FordFellows20/ExtRpts/PressReleaseRoster.aspx?CompYr=2021&RptMode=HM |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=ra.nas.edu |archive-date=2024-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827191021/https://ra.nas.edu/FordFellows20/ExtRpts/PressReleaseRoster.aspx?CompYr=2021&RptMode=HM |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Engineering Innovation Runner-Up in the 3 Minute Thesis Competition (2023) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Honors & Awards |url=https://wamiogunbi.com/honors-awards |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=Wami Ogunbi |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Martin Luther King|MLK]] Spirit Award for Mentoring and Inspiration (2024) <ref>{{Cite web |title=North Campus Deans’ MLK Spirit Awards – Office of Culture, Community and Equity (OCCE) |url=https://culture.engin.umich.edu/an-inclusive-campus/mlk-spirit-awards/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=culture.engin.umich.edu |archive-date=2024-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827190805/https://culture.engin.umich.edu/an-inclusive-campus/mlk-spirit-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Maluman jami'a]] s10acq3olzmu42bo5qcbsnjjbjoa9w5 0 88923 892900 822096 2026-08-08T10:32:32Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Azza Transport Company (alternatively known as Azza Air Transport) was a cargo airline based in Khartoum, Sudan. It operated a cargo charter service throughout Africa and the Middle East and was planning services for Europe. Its main base was at Khartoum International Airport.<ref>"Directory: World Airlines". Flight International. 2007-03-27. p.</ref> ==Tarihi== An kafa kamfanin a shekarar 1993 kuma ya fara aiki a watan Satumbar 1993. Kamfanin na Omdurman National Bank, Shaikan Insurances da Sheikan Insurance. Yana da ma'aikata 350.<ref>"Directory: World Airlines". Flight International. 2007-03-27. p.</REF>30 ga Mayu, 2007, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta sanya sunan wani bangare na takunkumin tattalin arziki jerin kamfanonin Sudan, ciki har da Kamfanin Sufuri na Azza, saboda "mayar da kananan makamai, alburusai da manyan bindigogi ga sojojin gwamnatin Sudan da mayakan Janjaweed a Darfur.<ref>Grounding Sudan's Air Force". wired.com. Retrieved November 27, 2024.</ref> <ref>"Treasury Designation Targets Sudanese Government, Rebel Leader". treasury.gov. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY. Retrieved 29 June 2023</ref> <ref>Financial Institution Letters 05/29/2007". fdic.gov. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Retrieved 29 June 2023</ref> A cikin watan Mayun shekarar 2009, masu sa ido na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun lura da wani jirgin saman Azza yana jigilar dakaru sama da dari na Sojojin Sudan da kayan aikin soja zuwa filin jirgin saman Geneina da ke Darfur, wanda ya saba wa takunkumin kasa da kasa. <ref>Financial Institution Letters 05/29/2007". fdic.gov. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Retrieved 29 June 2023</ref> ==Hatsari da aukuwa== A ranar 21 ga Oktoban shekarar 2009, Jirgin sama mai lamba 2241, wanda jirgin Boeing 707-330C ke sarrafa shi, ya yi hatsari a filin jirgin saman Sharjah na kasa da kasa,  Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Jirgin Boeing 707 ne ke sarrafa jirgin kuma dukkan ma'aikatan jirgin shida sun mutu.<ref>"Six dead as cargo plane crashes at Sharjah Airport". Arabian Business. Archived from the original on 23 October 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2009</ref> <ref>UAE crashed cargo plane owned by Sudan's Azza Air". Reuters. 21 October 2009. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2009.</ref> A ranar 7 ga Oktoban shekarar 2012, wani ST-ASA mai rijista na An-12 yana aikin jirgin soji lokacin da ya fado bayan tashinsa daga Khartoum lokacin da duka injinan dake gefen hagu suka gaza. ==Jirgin ruwa== Jirgin Jirgin Azza Air Transport ya haɗa da jiragen sama masu zuwa a cikin Oktoba 2009: <ref>Directory: World Airlines". Flight International. 2007-03-27. p.</ref> •1 Antonov An-12 •1 Antonov An-26 •2 Ilyushin Il-76TD ==Duba kuma== Tashar jiragen sama Portal na kamfanoni ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category: Kamfanonin jiragen sama]] m7uojcz3ltroyqopn6k41rvr69xnqkd 892901 892900 2026-08-08T10:32:46Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Azza Transport Company (alternatively known as Azza Air Transport) was a cargo airline based in Khartoum, Sudan. It operated a cargo charter service throughout Africa and the Middle East and was planning services for Europe. Its main base was at Khartoum International Airport.<ref>"Directory: World Airlines". Flight International. 2007-03-27. p.</ref> ==Tarihi== An kafa kamfanin a shekarar 1993 kuma ya fara aiki a watan Satumbar 1993. Kamfanin na Omdurman National Bank, Shaikan Insurances da Sheikan Insurance. Yana da ma'aikata 350.<ref>"Directory: World Airlines". Flight International. 2007-03-27. p.</REF>30 ga Mayu, 2007, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta sanya sunan wani bangare na takunkumin tattalin arziki jerin kamfanonin Sudan, ciki har da Kamfanin Sufuri na Azza, saboda "mayar da kananan makamai, alburusai da manyan bindigogi ga sojojin gwamnatin Sudan da mayakan Janjaweed a Darfur.<ref>Grounding Sudan's Air Force". wired.com. Retrieved November 27, 2024.</ref> <ref>"Treasury Designation Targets Sudanese Government, Rebel Leader". treasury.gov. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY. Retrieved 29 June 2023</ref> <ref>Financial Institution Letters 05/29/2007". fdic.gov. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Retrieved 29 June 2023</ref> A cikin watan Mayun shekarar 2009, masu sa ido na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun lura da wani jirgin saman Azza yana jigilar dakaru sama da dari na Sojojin Sudan da kayan aikin soja zuwa filin jirgin saman Geneina da ke Darfur, wanda ya saba wa takunkumin kasa da kasa. <ref>Financial Institution Letters 05/29/2007". fdic.gov. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Retrieved 29 June 2023</ref> ==Hatsari da aukuwa== A ranar 21 ga Oktoban shekarar 2009, Jirgin sama mai lamba 2241, wanda jirgin Boeing 707-330C ke sarrafa shi, ya yi hatsari a filin jirgin saman Sharjah na ƙasa da ƙasa,  Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Jirgin Boeing 707 ne ke sarrafa jirgin kuma dukkan ma'aikatan jirgin shida sun mutu.<ref>"Six dead as cargo plane crashes at Sharjah Airport". Arabian Business. Archived from the original on 23 October 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2009</ref> <ref>UAE crashed cargo plane owned by Sudan's Azza Air". Reuters. 21 October 2009. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2009.</ref> A ranar 7 ga Oktoban shekarar 2012, wani ST-ASA mai rijista na An-12 yana aikin jirgin soji lokacin da ya fado bayan tashinsa daga Khartoum lokacin da duka injinan dake gefen hagu suka gaza. ==Jirgin ruwa== Jirgin Jirgin Azza Air Transport ya haɗa da jiragen sama masu zuwa a cikin Oktoba 2009: <ref>Directory: World Airlines". Flight International. 2007-03-27. p.</ref> •1 Antonov An-12 •1 Antonov An-26 •2 Ilyushin Il-76TD ==Duba kuma== Tashar jiragen sama Portal na kamfanoni ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category: Kamfanonin jiragen sama]] qvvsq3cn4mkff9a09siasuuc9xrzubj 0 90952 892902 822098 2026-08-08T10:33:49Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William Henry Thorman''' (29 August 1869 – 13 August 1922)<ref name=":0" /> was an English rugby union forward who was a member of the British Isles XV that toured South Africa in 1891. Despite playing for Cambridge and the British Isles, Thorman was never awarded a national cap. == Rayuwar Gida == An haifi Thorman a Seaham, County Durham a cikin shekarar 1869 ga Robert Thorman, dillalin jirgi da Harriet Marshall. Ya kuma yi karatu a Makarantar Grammar Richmond sannan West Riding, ya shiga Gonville da Kwalejin Caius, Cambridge a 1887.<ref name=":0">"Thorman, William Henry (THRN887WH)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge</ref> Ya sami Bachelor of Arts a cikin shekarar 1890 kuma ya koma Landan don zama Mataimakin Clinical a Asibitin St Thomas. A shekara ta 1897 Thorman ya kasance Licentiate na Royal College of Physicians, ya zama Likitan Likitan Gida da Jami'in Kiwon Lafiyar Mazauna a Asibitin Royal United a Bath, Somerset. Daga karshe ya koma Arewacin Ingila, inda ya yi aiki a Huddersfield kafin ya zama Jami’in Kiwon lafiya na gundumar Kirkburton da Farnley Tyas. Ya mutu a Bournemouth a 1922.<ref>Griffiths, John (1987). The Phoenix Book of International Rugby Records. London: Phoenix House. <nowiki>ISBN 0-460-07003-7</nowiki>.</ref> == Aikin Ragabe == Thorman ya fara saninsa a matsayin ɗan wasan rugby lokacin da aka zaɓa shi don ƙungiyar Jami'ar Cambridge, kodayake bai taɓa yin wasa a The Varsity Match ba don haka bai sami shuɗi mai shuɗi don rugby ba. Bayan ya gama lokacinsa a Cambridge, an gayyace shi don shiga tawagar Bill Maclagan na Birtaniyya a wani rangadin Afirka ta Kudu. Thorman ya taka leda a duk wasannin shida na farko da kungiyoyin yanki da na gayyata, duk nasara ce ga masu yawon bude ido. Amma bayan wasan da suka yi da Port Elizabeth a ranar 25 ga Yuli, Thorman bai buga wani wasa ba a rangadin wasanni ashirin, gami da duk wasannin gwaji guda uku da suka yi da 'yan Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>WH Thorman player profile Lionsrugby.com</ref> Hakan ya faru ne saboda ya sami rauni a gwiwa. Da ya koma Biritaniya, Thorman ya shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Asibitin St. Thomas, asibitin inda ya kasance Mataimakin Assistant. Thorman ya kasance kyaftin na St. Thomas na yanayi uku, daga 1892 zuwa 1895.<ref>Honours Board - St. Thomas's Hospital Rugby Football Club Captains guysrugby.com</ref> A cikin 1894 yayin da yake wakiltar St. Thomas, an zaɓi shi don shiga ɓangaren yawon shakatawa, Barbarian F.C.<ref>Starmer-Smith, Nigel (1977). The Barbarians. Macdonald & Jane's Publishers. <nowiki>ISBN 0-86007-552-4</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Starmer-Smith (1977), pg 231.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1922]] 13p867ye9e3wsucvvd7hvtrh2jvryxv 892903 892902 2026-08-08T10:34:07Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William Henry Thorman''' (29 August 1869 – 13 August 1922)<ref name=":0" /> was an English rugby union forward who was a member of the British Isles XV that toured South Africa in 1891. Despite playing for Cambridge and the British Isles, Thorman was never awarded a national cap. == Rayuwar Gida == An haifi Thorman a Seaham, County Durham a cikin shekarar 1869 ga Robert Thorman, dillalin jirgi da Harriet Marshall. Ya kuma yi karatu a Makarantar Grammar Richmond sannan West Riding, ya shiga Gonville da Kwalejin Caius, Cambridge a 1887.<ref name=":0">"Thorman, William Henry (THRN887WH)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge</ref> Ya sami Bachelor of Arts a cikin shekarar 1890 kuma ya koma Landan don zama Mataimakin Clinical a Asibitin St Thomas. A shekara ta 1897 Thorman ya kasance Licentiate na Royal College of Physicians, ya zama Likitan Likitan Gida da Jami'in Kiwon Lafiyar Mazauna a Asibitin Royal United a Bath, Somerset. Daga karshe ya koma Arewacin Ingila, inda ya yi aiki a Huddersfield kafin ya zama Jami’in Kiwon lafiya na gundumar Kirkburton da Farnley Tyas. Ya mutu a Bournemouth a 1922.<ref>Griffiths, John (1987). The Phoenix Book of International Rugby Records. London: Phoenix House. <nowiki>ISBN 0-460-07003-7</nowiki>.</ref> == Aikin Ragabe == Thorman ya fara saninsa a matsayin ɗan wasan rugby lokacin da aka zaɓa shi don ƙungiyar Jami'ar Cambridge, kodayake bai taɓa yin wasa a The Varsity Match ba don haka bai sami shuɗi mai shuɗi don rugby ba. Bayan ya gama lokacinsa a Cambridge, an kuma gayyace shi don shiga tawagar Bill Maclagan na Birtaniyya a wani rangadin Afirka ta Kudu. Thorman ya taka leda a duk wasannin shida na farko da kungiyoyin yanki da na gayyata, duk nasara ce ga masu yawon bude ido. Amma bayan wasan da suka yi da Port Elizabeth a ranar 25 ga Yuli, Thorman bai buga wani wasa ba a rangadin wasanni ashirin, gami da duk wasannin gwaji guda uku da suka yi da 'yan Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>WH Thorman player profile Lionsrugby.com</ref> Hakan ya faru ne saboda ya sami rauni a gwiwa. Da ya koma Biritaniya, Thorman ya shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Asibitin St. Thomas, asibitin inda ya kasance Mataimakin Assistant. Thorman ya kasance kyaftin na St. Thomas na yanayi uku, daga 1892 zuwa 1895.<ref>Honours Board - St. Thomas's Hospital Rugby Football Club Captains guysrugby.com</ref> A cikin 1894 yayin da yake wakiltar St. Thomas, an zaɓi shi don shiga ɓangaren yawon shakatawa, Barbarian F.C.<ref>Starmer-Smith, Nigel (1977). The Barbarians. Macdonald & Jane's Publishers. <nowiki>ISBN 0-86007-552-4</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Starmer-Smith (1977), pg 231.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1922]] nur7x2r0d1eres2ifnac0xq9mxed3jk 892904 892903 2026-08-08T10:34:21Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William Henry Thorman''' (29 August 1869 – 13 August 1922)<ref name=":0" /> was an English rugby union forward who was a member of the British Isles XV that toured South Africa in 1891. Despite playing for Cambridge and the British Isles, Thorman was never awarded a national cap. == Rayuwar Gida == An haifi Thorman a Seaham, County Durham a cikin shekarar 1869 ga Robert Thorman, dillalin jirgi da Harriet Marshall. Ya kuma yi karatu a Makarantar Grammar Richmond sannan West Riding, ya shiga Gonville da Kwalejin Caius, Cambridge a 1887.<ref name=":0">"Thorman, William Henry (THRN887WH)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge</ref> Ya sami Bachelor of Arts a cikin shekarar 1890 kuma ya koma Landan don zama Mataimakin Clinical a Asibitin St Thomas. A shekara ta 1897 Thorman ya kasance Licentiate na Royal College of Physicians, ya zama Likitan Likitan Gida da Jami'in Kiwon Lafiyar Mazauna a Asibitin Royal United a Bath, Somerset. Daga karshe ya koma Arewacin Ingila, inda ya yi aiki a Huddersfield kafin ya zama Jami’in Kiwon lafiya na gundumar Kirkburton da Farnley Tyas. Ya mutu a Bournemouth a 1922.<ref>Griffiths, John (1987). The Phoenix Book of International Rugby Records. London: Phoenix House. <nowiki>ISBN 0-460-07003-7</nowiki>.</ref> == Aikin Ragabe == Thorman ya fara saninsa a matsayin ɗan wasan rugby lokacin da aka zaɓa shi don ƙungiyar Jami'ar Cambridge, kodayake bai taɓa yin wasa a The Varsity Match ba don haka bai sami shuɗi mai shuɗi don rugby ba. Bayan ya gama lokacinsa a Cambridge, an kuma gayyace shi don shiga tawagar Bill Maclagan na Birtaniyya a wani rangadin Afirka ta Kudu. Thorman ya taka leda a duk wasannin shida na farko da ƙungiyoyin yanki da na gayyata, duk nasara ce ga masu yawon bude ido. Amma bayan wasan da suka yi da Port Elizabeth a ranar 25 ga Yuli, Thorman bai buga wani wasa ba a rangadin wasanni ashirin, gami da duk wasannin gwaji guda uku da suka yi da 'yan Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>WH Thorman player profile Lionsrugby.com</ref> Hakan ya faru ne saboda ya sami rauni a gwiwa. Da ya koma Biritaniya, Thorman ya shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Asibitin St. Thomas, asibitin inda ya kasance Mataimakin Assistant. Thorman ya kasance kyaftin na St. Thomas na yanayi uku, daga 1892 zuwa 1895.<ref>Honours Board - St. Thomas's Hospital Rugby Football Club Captains guysrugby.com</ref> A cikin 1894 yayin da yake wakiltar St. Thomas, an zaɓi shi don shiga ɓangaren yawon shakatawa, Barbarian F.C.<ref>Starmer-Smith, Nigel (1977). The Barbarians. Macdonald & Jane's Publishers. <nowiki>ISBN 0-86007-552-4</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Starmer-Smith (1977), pg 231.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1922]] cidhhrwfyqkphwt1940mgcwbx8d88hf 892906 892904 2026-08-08T10:34:31Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William Henry Thorman''' (29 August 1869 – 13 August 1922)<ref name=":0" /> was an English rugby union forward who was a member of the British Isles XV that toured South Africa in 1891. Despite playing for Cambridge and the British Isles, Thorman was never awarded a national cap. == Rayuwar Gida == An haifi Thorman a Seaham, County Durham a cikin shekarar 1869 ga Robert Thorman, dillalin jirgi da Harriet Marshall. Ya kuma yi karatu a Makarantar Grammar Richmond sannan West Riding, ya shiga Gonville da Kwalejin Caius, Cambridge a 1887.<ref name=":0">"Thorman, William Henry (THRN887WH)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge</ref> Ya sami Bachelor of Arts a cikin shekarar 1890 kuma ya koma Landan don zama Mataimakin Clinical a Asibitin St Thomas. A shekara ta 1897 Thorman ya kasance Licentiate na Royal College of Physicians, ya zama Likitan Likitan Gida da Jami'in Kiwon Lafiyar Mazauna a Asibitin Royal United a Bath, Somerset. Daga karshe ya koma Arewacin Ingila, inda ya yi aiki a Huddersfield kafin ya zama Jami’in Kiwon lafiya na gundumar Kirkburton da Farnley Tyas. Ya mutu a Bournemouth a 1922.<ref>Griffiths, John (1987). The Phoenix Book of International Rugby Records. London: Phoenix House. <nowiki>ISBN 0-460-07003-7</nowiki>.</ref> == Aikin Ragabe == Thorman ya fara saninsa a matsayin ɗan wasan rugby lokacin da aka zaɓa shi don ƙungiyar Jami'ar Cambridge, kodayake bai taɓa yin wasa a The Varsity Match ba don haka bai sami shuɗi mai shuɗi don rugby ba. Bayan ya gama lokacinsa a Cambridge, an kuma gayyace shi don shiga tawagar Bill Maclagan na Birtaniyya a wani rangadin Afirka ta Kudu. Thorman ya taka leda a duk wasannin shida na farko da ƙungiyoyin yanki da na gayyata, duk nasara ce ga masu yawon bude ido. Amma bayan wasan da suka yi da Port Elizabeth a ranar 25 ga Yuli, Thorman bai buga wani wasa ba a rangadin wasanni ashirin, gami da duk wasannin gwaji guda uku da suka yi da 'yan Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>WH Thorman player profile Lionsrugby.com</ref> Hakan ya faru ne saboda ya sami rauni a gwiwa. Da ya koma Biritaniya, Thorman ya shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Asibitin St. Thomas, asibitin inda ya kasance Mataimakin Assistant. Thorman ya kasance kyaftin na St. Thomas na yanayi uku, daga shekarar 1892 zuwa 1895.<ref>Honours Board - St. Thomas's Hospital Rugby Football Club Captains guysrugby.com</ref> A cikin 1894 yayin da yake wakiltar St. Thomas, an zaɓi shi don shiga ɓangaren yawon shakatawa, Barbarian F.C.<ref>Starmer-Smith, Nigel (1977). The Barbarians. Macdonald & Jane's Publishers. <nowiki>ISBN 0-86007-552-4</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Starmer-Smith (1977), pg 231.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1922]] csbjjcxo6mjufeqr3bxomntbuvj6vbw 892907 892906 2026-08-08T10:34:43Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William Henry Thorman''' (29 August 1869 – 13 August 1922)<ref name=":0" /> was an English rugby union forward who was a member of the British Isles XV that toured South Africa in 1891. Despite playing for Cambridge and the British Isles, Thorman was never awarded a national cap. == Rayuwar Gida == An haifi Thorman a Seaham, County Durham a cikin shekarar 1869 ga Robert Thorman, dillalin jirgi da Harriet Marshall. Ya kuma yi karatu a Makarantar Grammar Richmond sannan West Riding, ya shiga Gonville da Kwalejin Caius, Cambridge a 1887.<ref name=":0">"Thorman, William Henry (THRN887WH)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge</ref> Ya sami Bachelor of Arts a cikin shekarar 1890 kuma ya koma Landan don zama Mataimakin Clinical a Asibitin St Thomas. A shekara ta 1897 Thorman ya kasance Licentiate na Royal College of Physicians, ya zama Likitan Likitan Gida da Jami'in Kiwon Lafiyar Mazauna a Asibitin Royal United a Bath, Somerset. Daga karshe ya koma Arewacin Ingila, inda ya yi aiki a Huddersfield kafin ya zama Jami’in Kiwon lafiya na gundumar Kirkburton da Farnley Tyas. Ya mutu a Bournemouth a 1922.<ref>Griffiths, John (1987). The Phoenix Book of International Rugby Records. London: Phoenix House. <nowiki>ISBN 0-460-07003-7</nowiki>.</ref> == Aikin Ragabe == Thorman ya fara saninsa a matsayin ɗan wasan rugby lokacin da aka zaɓa shi don ƙungiyar Jami'ar Cambridge, kodayake bai taɓa yin wasa a The Varsity Match ba don haka bai sami shuɗi mai shuɗi don rugby ba. Bayan ya gama lokacinsa a Cambridge, an kuma gayyace shi don shiga tawagar Bill Maclagan na Birtaniyya a wani rangadin Afirka ta Kudu. Thorman ya taka leda a duk wasannin shida na farko da ƙungiyoyin yanki da na gayyata, duk nasara ce ga masu yawon bude ido. Amma bayan wasan da suka yi da Port Elizabeth a ranar 25 ga Yuli, Thorman bai buga wani wasa ba a rangadin wasanni ashirin, gami da duk wasannin gwaji guda uku da suka yi da 'yan Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>WH Thorman player profile Lionsrugby.com</ref> Hakan ya faru ne saboda ya sami rauni a gwiwa. Da ya koma Biritaniya, Thorman ya shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Asibitin St. Thomas, asibitin inda ya kasance Mataimakin Assistant. Thorman ya kasance kyaftin na St. Thomas na yanayi uku, daga shekarar 1892 zuwa 1895.<ref>Honours Board - St. Thomas's Hospital Rugby Football Club Captains guysrugby.com</ref> A cikin shekarar 1894 yayin da yake wakiltar St. Thomas, an zaɓi shi don shiga ɓangaren yawon shakatawa, Barbarian F.C.<ref>Starmer-Smith, Nigel (1977). The Barbarians. Macdonald & Jane's Publishers. <nowiki>ISBN 0-86007-552-4</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Starmer-Smith (1977), pg 231.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1922]] pqnz8ky4qx3xn4t63iwv3rbtcmq5zyj 0 91303 892739 695351 2026-08-08T05:48:51Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 892739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} =='''Dokar kasar Tanzaniya'''== Daga Wikipedia, encyclopedia na kyauta Dokar zama ɗan ƙasar Tanzaniya Majalisar Tanzaniya Dogon take Dokar zama ɗan ƙasar Tanzaniya mai lamba 6 na 1995 Gwamnatin Tanzaniya ta sanya hannu Matsayi: Dokoki na yanzu Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Tanzaniya ne ya tsara dokar kasa ta Tanzaniya, kamar yadda aka yi wa kwaskwarima; Dokar zama dan kasa ta Tanzaniya, da sake fasalinta; da wasu yarjejeniyoyin duniya daban-daban wadanda kasar ta rattaba hannu akan su.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law#CITEREFManb</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020</ref>Waɗannan dokokin sun ƙayyade ko wanene, ko kuma ya cancanci zama, ɗan ƙasar Tanzaniya.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManby20166%E2%80%937-3</ref> Hanyar doka don samun ɗan ƙasa, zama memba na shari'a na yau da kullun a cikin al'umma, ya bambanta da dangantakar cikin gida na haƙƙoƙi da wajibai tsakanin ƙasa da ƙasa, wanda aka sani da zama ɗan ƙasa. Ƙasar ƙasa tana bayyana dangantakar mutum da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin dokokin ƙasa, yayin da ɗan ƙasa shine dangantakar cikin gida na mutum a cikin ƙasa.<ref>Fransman 2011, p. 4.</ref> Ƙasashen Commonwealth, ciki har da Tanzaniya, galibi suna amfani da kalmomin ƙasa da zama ɗan ƙasa a matsayin ma'ana, duk da sanin bambancin doka da kuma gaskiyar cewa ƙungiyoyin gudanarwa na gwamnati daban-daban suna tsara su.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law#CITEREFFransman2011</ref>Domin yawancin tarihin ƙasar Tanzaniya manufofin wariyar launin fata sun tauye haƙƙin cikin gida da ɗan ƙasa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020</ref> Ƙasar Tanzaniya yawanci ana samun su ne a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idar jus soli, watau ta hanyar haihuwa a cikin ƙasa, ko jus sanguinis, watau haihuwa a Tanzaniya ko waje ga iyaye masu asalin Tanzaniya.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law#CITEREFManby2016</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law#CITEREFNaluleNambooze2020</ref>. Ana iya ba da ita ga mutanen da ke da alaƙa da ƙasar, ko kuma ga mazaunin dindindin waɗanda suka zauna a cikin ƙasar na wani ɗan lokaci ta hanyar ba da izinin zama.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law#CITEREFManby2016</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/66748/RSC_GLOBALCIT_2020_6.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-01-13 |archive-date=2021-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008014208/https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/66748/RSC_GLOBALCIT_2020_6.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{databox}} =='''zama dan kasa'''== Dan kasa na Commonwealth Commonwealth of Nations (Tarihi) Jama'ar Commonwealth Kasashe membobi Dokokin kasa Antiguan da Barbudan Australiya BahamianBangladeshiBelizeanBarbadiyanBasothoBotswananBritishBruneianKanadiyanCypriotDominicanFijianGambianGhanaianGrenadiyanGuyaneseI-KiribatiIndiyaJamaicanKenyanMalawiyanMalaysiyaMaladibiyaMalteseMauritiya ZealandNigerianNi-VanuatuPakistaniPapua New GuineanSaint Kitts da NevisSaint LucianSaint Vicent da GrenadinesSamoan SeychelloisSierra LeoneanSingaporean Sulemanu tsibiran Afirka ta KuduSri LankanSwaziTanzanianTonganTrinidadiya da TobagonianZazzamTuvaluanUganiyar Batutuwa, hakkoki, da biza [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] na dindindin zama Biritaniya mara iyaka izinin zama Mazauni na dindindin na Kanada [[Sabuwar Zelandiya|New Zealand]] zama na dindindin Mazauni na dindindin na Singapore Izinin mara iyaka don ci gaba da zama a Burtaniya Matsayin abokin tarayya (a wasu yankunan Burtaniya na ketare) Visa na asali na UK UK hakkin zama Dokokin da suka dace Dokar Ƙasa ta Biritaniya 1948/1981 Dokar zama ɗan ƙasar Kanada 1946 Dokar Ireland 1949 Dokar Shige da Fice ta 1971 Dokar Baƙi ta Commonwealth 1962/1968 Ƙasar Biritaniya (tsibirin Falkland) Dokar 1983 Dokar Yankunan Kasashen Waje na Burtaniya 2002 vte Mutane za su iya samun ' ya'ya a Tanzania ta haihuwa ko kuma daga baya ta wurin zama ' yan ƙasa. <ref>Manby 2016, pp. 6–7.</ref><ref>Nalule & Nambooze 2020, pp. 12–13.</ref> '''Da haihuwa''' Duk wani yaro da aka haifa a cikin iyakokin Jamhuriyyar Tanzaniya, a ranar ko bayan ranar tarayya, 26 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 1964, an ba shi ɗan ƙasar Tanzaniya, sai dai 'ya'yan uba da ke da kariyar diflomasiyya, ko iyayen da suka kasance baƙi abokan gaba kuma yankin yana ƙarƙashin ƙasa. aikin ma kiyaye. <ref>Manby 2016, pp. 4, 56.</ref><ref>Nalule & Nambooze 2020, p. 12.</ref><ref>Nalule & Nambooze 2020, p. 12.</ref>A aikace, don yaro ya sami ɗan ƙasa a lokacin da aka haife shi dole ne ɗaya daga cikin iyayensa ya zama ɗan Tanzaniya, ko kuma ba a san iyayen ba, kamar yadda yake a cikin yaron da aka yi watsi da shi.<ref>Nalule & Nambooze 2020, p. 12.</ref><ref>Manby 2016, p. 47.</ref> Haka nan mutumin da aka haifa a wajen Tanzaniya yana da yancin zama ɗan ƙasar Tanzaniya ta hanyar haihuwa matuƙar cewa aƙalla iyayensu ɗan ƙasar Tanzaniya ne ta haihuwa ko kuma kasancewarsu.<ref>Manby 2016, p. 56.</ref>Duk da haka, ubanni na Tanzaniya da aka haifa a ƙasashen waje ba sa iya ba wa 'ya'yansu ƙasarsu, ma'ana cewa idan mahaifin yaro ya sami ɗan ƙasa ta hanyar haihuwa a waje, ɗansa zai iya samun ɗan ƙasa kawai ta hanyar ba da izinin zama. Irin wannan doka ba ta shafi yaran da aka haifa a ƙasashen waje ga uwayen Tanzaniya waɗanda suka sami ɗan ƙasa ta hanyar haihuwa a ƙasashen waje.<ref>Nalule & Nambooze 2020, p. 12. </ref> '''Ta hanyar zama ɗan adam''' Duk wani ɗan ƙasar waje wanda ba shi da nasaba ko dangantaka ta haihuwa tare da Tanzaniya na iya neman izinin zama ɗan ƙasa. Domin wani ɗan ƙasar waje ya zama ɗan Tanzaniya dole ne su zauna a cikin ƙasa na ɗan lokaci don tabbatar da cewa sun fahimci ko dai Swahili ko Ingilishi da al'adu da al'adun al'umma[15]. Gabaɗaya tanade-tanade su ne cewa masu nema dole ne su kasance na shekarun girma kuma suna da ikon doka; suna da kyawawan halaye; suna da ikon ba da gudummawa don haɓaka ci gaban zamantakewa da al'adu na ƙasa; kuma suna da niyyar zama na dindindin a yankin.[15][10] Ana buƙatar zama na cikakken shekara kafin aikace-aikacen, da kuma shaidar cewa a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, mai nema ya zauna a Tanzaniya aƙalla shekaru bakwai.[10] Bayan shigar da aikace-aikacen da biyan kuɗi ga Babban Sakatare na Ward ko Zanzibari Sheha, masu kula da ƙauyen, ana aika aikace-aikacen zuwa Ofishin Shige da Fice na gundumar.[10][16] Dole ne mai nema ya buga sanarwar niyya ta zama ɗan adam a cikin al'amuran biyu a jere na jaridun da suka yi rajista. Bayan da jami'ai daban-daban suka binciki aikace-aikacen, ana ba da shawara ta ƙarshe ga Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida.[10]. Idan aikace-aikacen ya yi nasara, masu nema dole ne su yi watsi da asalin ƙasar waje kuma su yi mubaya'a.[15][10] Bayan baki da suka cika sharuddan, [15] sauran mutanen da za a iya ba da izinin zama ɗan ƙasa sun haɗa da: =='''Manazarta'''== dieeevgmpphxnrreccswcdnlpxa0trw 0 93185 892715 587273 2026-08-08T02:25:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Márcia de Campos Pereira''' 'yar gwagwarmayar Brazil ce wacce tun daga shekarun 1970s ta yi gwagwarmaya don inganta haƙƙin dimokuradiyya na' yan ƙasa, musamman na mata. Musamman, ta taimaka wajen shirya kungiyar Democrat ta Brazil, gami da reshen mata, kuma ta shiga kungiyoyin Brazil da kungiyoyin mata daban-daban. A shekara ta 2008, ta zama memba na Majalisar Dokokin Mata ta Kasa (National Council of Women's Rights). A taron Beirut na shekara ta 2007, Ƙungiyar Demokradiyya ta Duniya ta Mata (WIDF) ta zabi Campos a matsayin shugabanta. An sake zabar ta a matsayin shugabar WIDF a taron Caracas na 2007 a 2007 kuma a taron 2012 a Brasilia.<ref name="cn">{{Cite web |title=Breve apresentação das mulheres indicadas para vaga de Conselheira de Notório Conhecimento no CNDM |url=https://www.gov.br/mdh/pt-br/navegue-por-temas/politicas-para-mulheres/arquivo/assuntos/conselho/atas-das-reunioes/anexos-reunioes/breve-apresentacao-indicadas-notorio-conhecimento |access-date=14 November 2023 |publisher=Conselho Nacional dos Directos do Mulher |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2010 |title=Condição feminina é tema de encontro pré-Fórum Social do Mercosul |url=https://mobilizadores.org.br/noticias/condicao-feminina-e-tema-de-encontro-pre-forum-social-do-mercosul/ |access-date=14 November 2023 |publisher=rede mobilizadores |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2004 |editor-last=Frossard, Heloisa |title=I Conferência Nacional de Políticas para as Mulheres: ANAIS |url=https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/anais1cnpm.pdf |access-date=14 November 2023 |publisher=Presidência da República |language=pt |archive-date=14 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114170044/https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/anais1cnpm.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == Ana tunawa da Campos saboda kokarin da aka yi na tallafawa dimokuradiyya na Brazil. Yayinda take daliba, ta shiga cikin ayyukan dimokuradiyya don inganta yanayin ilimi, mata, matasa da ma'aikata. A cikin shekarun 1970s, ta yi tafiya a duk faɗin ƙasar, tana tallafawa ƙungiyoyin mata da ƙoƙarin su a cikin ƙungiyoyin kwadago. Ta kuma kasance mai shiga tsakani a cikin Ƙungiyar Amnesty ta Mata (Movimento Feminino pela Anistia). [1] A shekara ta 1980, ta ƙaura daga [[Rio de Janeiro]] zuwa [[São Paulo]] inda ta kafa kuma ta jagoranci Tarayyar Mata ta São Paulo (Federação das Mulheres Paulistas, FMP). A shekara ta 1981, ta ci gaba da kafa Confederation of Brazilian Women (Confederação das Mulheres do Brasil, CMB) wanda aka tsara don inganta rayuwar mata da yanayin aiki a jihohi daban-daban. Daga shekara ta 1988, ta goyi bayan kokarin bunkasa gidaje ga uwaye marasa aure a birane da yawa. Ta zama memba na jam'iyyar siyasa ta Brazilian Democratic Movement (Movimento Democrático Brasileiro, MDB) da ƙungiyar mata amma daga baya, a cikin 2011, ta shiga sabuwar Jam'iyyar Free Fatherland Party (Partido Pátria Livre, PPL). Daga shekara ta 2008, ta yi aiki a Majalisar Dokokin Mata ta Kasa (National Council of Women's Rights).<ref name="cn"/> A shekara ta 2002, a taron Beirut na Ƙungiyar Demokradiyyar Mata ta Duniya an zabe ta shugabar kungiyar. An sake zabar ta a matsayin shugabar a taron WIDF na 2007 a Caracas kuma ta sake tsayawa a taron 2012 a Brasilia . Campos kuma yana wakiltar WIDF a Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . <ref name="cn"/> A matsayinta na mukaddashin sakataren kasa na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Brazil, Campos ya kasance babban mai gabatar da "Mulheres Juntas Pelo Brasil" (Mata Tare Don Brazil), yana kira ga mata a duk faɗin ƙasar da su fito a kan tituna a ranar 13 ga Agusta 2022 don yaki da yunwa, talauci, da rashin daidaito tsakanin maza da mata. A lokacin da kasar ke fuskantar matsalar tattalin arziki, ta yi kira ga wani mataki, ta bayyana cewa: "Abin da ke da matukar muhimmanci kuma ya kawo mu tare, abin da ke fitar da zukatanmu a kan tituna a ranar 13, shine bin, fadadawa da zama wani ɓangare na tafiyar jama'a yanzu a cikin cikakken ci gaba a kasarmu. Abin da muke so ga iyalanmu da mutane mata ne na Brazil su gina kasar. "<ref>{{Cite web |last=Luz, Barbara |date=5 August 2022 |title="Mulheres Juntas Pelo Brasil" vão às ruas em todo país, dia 13 de agosto |url=https://vermelho.org.br/2022/08/05/mulheres-juntas-pelo-brasil-vao-as-ruas-em-todo-pais-dia-13-de-agosto/ |access-date=15 November 2023 |publisher=Vermelho |language=pt}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] jmxnby86w6p0e53u8y1kn3uyya4vahi 0 94178 892598 591082 2026-08-07T12:53:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892598 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''Malcolm David Ross''' FAHA (an haife shi a shekara ta 1942) masanin harshe ne na kasar Australiya. Shi ne farfesa mai daraja na ilimin harshe a Jami'ar Kasa ta Australia . Ross ya fi sananne ne tsakanin masana harsuna saboda aikinsa a kan harsunan Austronesian da Papuan, ilimin harsuna na tarihi, da hulɗar harshe (musamman metatypy). An zabe shi a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Humanities ta Australia a shekarar 1996. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fellow Profile: Malcolm Ross |url=https://humanities.org.au/fellows/fellow-profile/?fellow_id=513 |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=Australian Academy of the Humanities |language=en-AU |archive-date=2024-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401193654/https://humanities.org.au/fellows/fellow-profile/?fellow_id=513 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ross ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban [[Goroka Teachers College|Kwalejin Malamai ta Goroka]] a [[Sabuwar Gini Papuwa|Papua New Guinea]] daga 1980 zuwa 1982, a lokacin da ya nuna kansa yana da sha'awar harsuna na gida, kuma ya fara tattara bayanai game da su. A shekara ta 1986, ya sami digirinsa na PhD daga ANU a karkashin kulawar Stephen Wurm, Bert Voorhoeve da Darrell Tryon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Search titles |url=https://press.anu.edu.au/publications/authors-editors/malcolm-ross |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=press.anu.edu.au}}</ref> Rubutun nasa ya kasance a kan asalin harsunan Oceanic na yammacin Melanesia, kuma ya ƙunshi sake ginawa na farko na Proto Oceanic. Malcolm Ross ya gabatar da manufar haɗi kai, ƙungiyar harsuna waɗanda ke tasowa ta hanyar bambancin yare maimakon ta hanyar rarrabuwa kamar itace. Tare da Andrew Pawley da Meredith Osmond, Ross ya ba da gudummawa ga aikin Proto-Oceanic Lexicon, wanda ya samar da kundin da yawa na sake gina ƙamus na Proto-Océanic a cikin yankuna daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Oceanic Lexicon Project |url=https://sites.google.com/view/theoceaniclexiconproject/home |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=sites.google.com |language=en-AU}}</ref> Kwanan nan, Ross ya buga a kan [[Harsunan Formosan]], [[Harsunan Papuan|Harsunan Papua]] da sake gina ilimin sauti na Proto-Austronesian da haɗin kai. == Bayani == <references /> == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] p2v71q0u7mrw6bxffityipa2vawtjen 0 95452 892638 879171 2026-08-07T19:47:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mavis Nduchwa''', wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Rewana Nduchwa''' (28 ga Agusta 1982 - 13 ga Agusta 2021), ita ce wacc ta kafa kuma Shugaba na gonakin Chabana agribusiness, wanda kuma ke kasuwanci da Kalahari Honey. Matar aure ce kuma mahaifiyar 'ya'ya maza biyu kyawawa da aka haifa a watan Afrilu 2014 da Afrilu 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-09 |title=The journey so far: Mavis Nduchwa, CEO, Chabana Farms |url=https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/the-journey-so-far-mavis-nduchwa-ceo-chabana-farms/63974/ |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=How We Made It In Africa |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913045738/https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/the-journey-so-far-mavis-nduchwa-ceo-chabana-farms/63974/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 'yar kasuwa ce [[Botswana|ta motswana]], wacce tana ɗaya daga cikin 2020 Jack Ma foundation <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rw |first=Taarifa |last2=a |title=Jack Ma Foundation’s Top 50 finalists of 2020 “Africa’s Business Heroes” Competition |url=https://furtherafrica.com/2020/07/28/jack-ma-foundations-top-50-finalists-of-2020-africas-business-heroes-competition/ |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=FurtherAfrica |language=en-GB}}</ref> na 50 na Jaruman Kasuwancin Afirka na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ngwako |first=Taboka |date=July 28, 2020 |title=Nduchwa among Top 50 finalists |url=https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/57438 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312112150/https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/57438 |archive-date=March 12, 2025 |access-date=August 24, 2020 |website=Botswana Daily News }}</ref> == Tarihi da ilimi == An haifi Mavis Nduchwa a cikin shekara ta 1983, a Francistown, [[Botswana]], kuma tana da digiri na farko a fannin gidaje da kula da baƙi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-23 |title=The new face of farming: youth making agribusiness ‘cool’! |url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/special-edition-youth-2017/new-face-farming-youth-making-agribusiness-%E2%80%98cool%E2%80%99 |access-date=2020-08-08 |website=Africa Renewal |language=en}}</ref> == Sana'a == Nduchwa ita ce wacce ta kafa kuma Shugaba na Chabana farms, wanda ke kasuwanci a matsayin Kalahari Honey. Tsarin kasuwancin zuma na Kalahari ya ta'allaka ne kan magance rikicin giwayen mutane a Botswana. Kamfaninta na tantance manoma don kafa rumfunan kuɗan zuma a matsayin hanyar rage ɓarnar amfanin gona. Ta tsarin kasuwancinta tana neman yin nazarin hanyoyin haɓaka yawan kuɗan zuma. <ref>{{Cite web |title=When Life Gives You Elephants, Make Honey (And Money!) |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewwight/2020/11/08/when-life-gives-you-elephants-make-honey-and-money/ |access-date=2020-11-09 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Kamfaninta na zamantakewa da ke Kalahari Ruwan Zuma na samar da rumbun zuma ga matan karkara a matsayin hanyar kare gonakinsu daga giwaye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mavis Nduchwa |url=https://www.vitalvoices.org/people/mavis-nduchwa/ |access-date=2020-08-23 |website=Vital Voices |language=en}}</ref> Nduchwa ita ce 2020 Women Empower UN SDG ta lashe ƙalubalen a [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Afirka kudu da Sahara]], lambar yabo ta duniya ga mata a cikin kasuwanci <ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Awardees |url=https://sustainability.asu.edu/we-empower/awardees-finalists/ |access-date=2020-08-25 |website=WE Empower UN SDG Challenge |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811111235/https://sustainability.asu.edu/we-empower/awardees-finalists/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> da 2019 AFRINIC (Cibiyar Sadarwar ta Afirka). <ref>{{Cite web |last=COMMS |first=AFRINIC |title=AFRINIC-31 Fellowship Winners Announced |url=https://www.afrinic.net/blog/485-afrinic-31-fellowship-winners-announced |access-date=2020-08-06 |website=www.afrinic.net |language=en-gb |archive-date=2019-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215071749/https://www.afrinic.net/blog/485-afrinic-31-fellowship-winners-announced |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2017 ta kasance cikin waɗanda suka yi nasara a gidauniyar [[Tony Elumelu]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=Agunbiade |first=Tolu |date=2015-06-16 |title=cofoundHER Interviews: Mavis Nduchwa of Chabana Farms |url=https://innov8tiv.com/cofoundher-interviews-mavis-nduchwa-of-chabana-farms/ |access-date=2020-08-06 |website=Innov8tiv |language=en-US}}</ref> inda aka zaɓe ta don shirin Mandela Washington Fellow, Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI). Nduchwa tana riƙe da 2019 Mace 'yar Kasuwancin Botswana (Grant Thornton), Mafi kyawun Kyautar Kasuwancin Afirka na 2018 ( [[Gidauniyar Tony Elumelu|Tony Elumelu Foundation]]) da Botswana Innovation Award 2019 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mavis Nduchwa |url=https://meaningful.business/team/mavis-nduchwa/ |access-date=2020-08-23 |website=Meaningful Business Community |language=en-GB}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2017 an zaɓe ta a [[Tony Elumelu|Tony Elumelu Entrepreneurship]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Agunbiade |first=Tolu |date=2015-06-16 |title=cofoundHER Interviews: Mavis Nduchwa of Chabana Farms |url=https://innov8tiv.com/cofoundher-interviews-mavis-nduchwa-of-chabana-farms/ |access-date=2020-08-04 |website=Innov8tiv |language=en-US}}</ref> aka zaɓa don Kasuwancin Tony Elumelu2 wanda ya dogara da Shirin Kasuwancin Afirka. horar da kasuwanci da tallafin $5000. A cikin shekara ta 2019, an nuna Nduchwa a cikin Gasar Abinci ta Duniya a matsayin alkalya baƙuwa tare da Samin Nosrat, Gaggan Anand, Marion Nestle da Arnold Kreilhuber. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Food Chain Global Champion Award 2019 winner: Akshaya Patra |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/4svxDH03tg5yHsR7f91gsj3/the-food-chain-global-champion-award-2019-winner-akshaya-patra |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] ftdo7uydzdncly6dwfiw90br5uv88s2 0 96022 892597 597853 2026-08-07T12:49:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892597 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Makoto Niitsu , wanda aka fi sani da (新海 誠, Shinkai Makoto),shi ɗan fim ne kuma [[marubuci]]. An san shi da [[Feature film|fina-finai]] na wasan kwaikwayo da aka samar tare da CoMix Wave Films . Shinkai ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo na [[Wasan Bidiyo|Wasan bidiyo]] tare da Nihon Falcom a cikin 1996, kuma ya sami karbuwa a matsayin mai shirya fina-finai tare da sakin wasan kwaikwayo na bidiyo na asali (OVA) She and Her Cat (1999). Shinkai daga nan ya fitar da fiction kimiyya OVA Voices of a Distant Star a 2002 a matsayin fasalinsa na farko tare da CoMix Wave, sannan ya biyo bayan fim dinsa na farko The Place Promised in Our Early Days (2004). Fim din Shinkai ya sami kyakkyawan bita daga masu sukar da masu sauraro, kuma an dauke shi daya daga cikin masu shirya fina-finai na kasuwanci na Japan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schilling |first=Mark |date=2023-02-20 |title='Suzume' Director Shinkai Makoto on Hand-Drawn Animation and the Importance of Original Stories |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/suzume-shinkai-makoto-animation-1235528766/ |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> Fim dinsa guda uku na baya-bayan nan Your Name (2016), Weathering with You (2019), da ''Suzume'' (2022) duk suna daga cikin fina-finai na Japan mafi girma a kowane lokaci, a Japan da kuma duniya a lokacin da aka saki su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-05-05 |title=Makoto Shinkai – 'Distant Star' creator now in view |url=https://variety.com/gallery/10-animators-to-watch-2016/#!8/makoto-shinkai-10-animators-to-watch |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513003731/http://variety.com/gallery/10-animators-to-watch-2016/#!8/makoto-shinkai-10-animators-to-watch |archive-date=2016-05-13 |access-date=2016-05-10 |website=Variety}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brzeski |first=Patrick |date=2023-03-27 |title=China Box Office: Makoto Shinkai's Anime Hit 'Suzume' Soars With $50M Opening |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/china-box-office-makoto-shinkais-anime-suzume-50m-opening-1235361248/ |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Makoto Shinkai a Koumi, Nagano . Iyalinsa suna gudanar da kamfanin gini.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 4, 2016 |title=新海誠 監督　最新作のご紹介 |url=http://www.niitsu-gumi.co.jp/news/post-23/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909014609/http://www.niitsu-gumi.co.jp/news/post-23/ |archive-date=September 9, 2016 |access-date=September 4, 2016 |website=新津組ホームページ |publisher=株式会社新津組 |language=Japanese}}</ref> Shinkai ya yi karatun adabin Jafananci a Jami'ar Chuo, inda ya kasance memba na kulob din adabin yara kuma ya zana littattafan hoto. Shinkai ya gano sha'awarsa ga halitta zuwa manga, anime da [[Ƙagaggen Labari|litattafai]] da aka fallasa a makarantar sakandare. == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin wallafe-wallafen Jami'ar Chuo a watan Maris na shekara ta 1996, <ref>{{Cite web |title=新海誠監督×川田十夢氏、母校で対談 {{!}} 中央大学グローバル人材育成推進事業 |url=http://globalization.chuo-u.ac.jp/global_person/special/taidan4/ |access-date=2020-05-02 |website=globalization.chuo-u.ac.jp |archive-date=2019-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206114836/http://globalization.chuo-u.ac.jp/global_person/special/taidan4/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shinkai ya sami aiki a Nihon Falcom, kamfanin [[Wasan Bidiyo|Wasan bidiyo]]. Ya yi aiki a can na tsawon shekaru 5, yana yin shirye-shiryen bidiyo don wasanni da zane-zane, gami da abun cikin yanar gizo. A wannan lokacin Shinkai ya sadu da mawaƙa Tenmon, wanda daga baya ya zira kwallaye da yawa daga cikin fina-finai. A cikin 1999, Shinkai ta saki She and Her Cat, wani ɗan gajeren minti biyar da aka yi a monochrome. Ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da babban kyautar a 12th DoGA CG Animation Contest (2000). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Project Team DoGA |url=http://www.doga.co.jp/english/top.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090807070720/http://www.doga.co.jp/english/top.html |archive-date=2009-08-07 |access-date=2011-12-19 |website=DoGA}}</ref> Wannan gajeren ya ba da cikakken bayani game da rayuwar cat, gaba ɗaya daga hangen nesa na cat, yayin da yake ciyar da lokaci tare da mai shi, budurwa. Bayan ya lashe babban kyautar, Shinkai ya fara tunani game da bin diddigin yayin da yake ci gaba da aiki ga Falcom. A watan Yunin 2000, an yi wa Shinkai wahayi don fara aiki a kan Voices of a Distant Star ta hanyar zana hoton yarinya a cikin jirgin da ke riƙe da [[Salula|Wayar hannu]]. Wani lokaci daga baya, Manga Zoo (a yau aikace-aikacen wayar salula) ya tuntube shi, wanda ya ba shi tallafi don juya ra'ayinsa zuwa wasan kwaikwayo da za su iya siyarwa. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2001, Shinkai ya bar aikinsa a Falcom kuma ya fara aiki a kan Voices of a Distant Star . A cikin wata hira, Shinkai ya lura cewa samarwa ya ɗauki kusan watanni bakwai na "aiki na ainihi". Voices of a Distant Star ya biyo bayan minti 90 The Place Promised in Our Early Days, wanda aka saki a Japan a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2004. An yaba da shi sosai, ya lashe girmamawa da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Makoto Shinkai |url=https://www.japanspeakerbureau.com/en/speakers/makoto-shinkai/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810235424/https://www.japanspeakerbureau.com/en/speakers/makoto-shinkai/ |archive-date=2018-08-10 |access-date=2018-08-10 |publisher=Japan Speaker Bureau}}</ref> Shirin Shinkai na gaba shine ''5 Centimeters a kowace dakika'', wanda aka fara a ranar 3 ga Maris, 2007 kuma ya ƙunshi gajeren fina-finai guda uku: ''Cherry Blossom'', Cosmonaut, da 5 Centiometers a kowace sakan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Scheib |first=Ronnie |date=2008-03-06 |title=Five Centimeters Per Second |url=https://variety.com/2008/film/reviews/five-centimeters-per-second-1200536043/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224232641/http://variety.com/2008/film/reviews/five-centimeters-per-second-1200536043/ |archive-date=2014-12-24 |access-date=2010-08-28}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2007, babbar jaridar Nagano, ''Shinano Mainichi Shinbun'', ta fitar da tallan talabijin da Shinkai ya shirya. [[Fayil:Makoto_Shinkai_at_Otakon_2011.jpg|left|thumb|Shinkai a taron Otakon Anime a cikin 2011]] Shinkai ya shafe shekara ta 2008 a [[Landan]], yana hutawa bayan kammala ''5 Centimeters a kowace dakika''.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2024}}Ya koma Japan a shekara ta 2009 don fara aiki a kan aikinsa na gaba. Ya fitar da zane-zane guda biyu don wannan fim a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2009. Shinkai ya lura cewa zai zama fim dinsa mafi tsawo har zuwa yau kuma ya bayyana labarin a matsayin fim din "mai rai" tare da kasada, aiki, da soyayya da ke kan yarinya mai farin ciki da ruhu a kan tafiya don yin "farkawa".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Loo |first=Egan |date=2009-12-24 |title=Distant Star's Shinkai Posts Images for Next Anime |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-12-24/distant-star-shinkai-posts-images-from-next-anime/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819131217/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-12-24/distant-star-shinkai-posts-images-from-next-anime |archive-date=2010-08-19 |access-date=2010-08-28 |publisher=Anime News Network}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010, ya bayyana cewa aikinsa na gaba zai kasance mai taken Children Who Chase Lost Voices from Deep Below . An saki trailer a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, kuma an saki fim din a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Loo |first=Egan |date=2010-11-02 |title=Paradise Kiss, Mardock Scramble, Gon Promos Streamed (Makoto Shinkai's latest work, Hoshi o Ou Kodomo, to have teaser on November 9) |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-11-02/paradise-kiss-mardock-scramble-gon-promos-streamed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101104052331/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-11-02/paradise-kiss-mardock-scramble-gon-promos-streamed |archive-date=2010-11-04 |access-date=2010-11-04 |publisher=Anime News Network}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Loo |first=Egan |date=2010-11-09 |title=Makoto Shinkai's Hoshi o Ou Kodomo Teaser Posted in HD |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-11-09/makoto-shinkai-hoshi-o-ou-kodomo-teaser-posted-in-hd |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101110204834/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-11-09/makoto-shinkai-hoshi-o-ou-kodomo-teaser-posted-in-hd |archive-date=2010-11-10 |access-date=2010-11-09 |publisher=Anime News Network}}</ref> [[Fayil:Makoto_Shinkhai_in_Moscow_(cropped).JPG|thumb|Shinkai a cikin 2013]] An saki fasalinsa na gaba, The Garden of Words, a ranar 31 ga Mayu, 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-05-12 |title=Video: Japanese anime movie 'Garden of Words' 5-min preview |url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/350036 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104005750/http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/350036 |archive-date=2014-11-04 |access-date=2016-05-10 |publisher=Digital Journal}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, 2016, Shinkai ta fitar da ''Sunanka.'' Fim din ya sami yabo mai yawa daga masu sauraro da masu sukar, <ref>{{Cite web |title='Your Name.' Reviews |url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/your-name |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625184332/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/your-name |archive-date=2018-06-25 |access-date=2018-08-10 |publisher=[[Metacritic]]}}</ref> suna yabon fim din saboda labarinsa, hotuna, raye-raye, kiɗa, nauyin motsin rai, da kuma amfani da jigogi na post-modernist. Fim din kuma ya kasance nasarar kasuwanci, ya zama fim na biyar mafi girma a kowane lokaci a Japan. A shekara ta 2019, fim din ya zama Fim din anime mafi girma a kowane lokaci, ya wuce Hayao Miyazaki's Spirited Away. Fim din Shinkai na gaba, Weathering with You, an sake shi a Japan a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2019 . Fim din kuma ya kasance nasarar kasuwanci, ya tara dala miliyan 193.8 a duk duniya kuma ya zama fim na goma mafi girma na Japan a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weathering with You (天気の子) (2019) - Financial Information |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Weathering-with-You-(2019-Japan) |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=The Numbers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Weathering with You |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt9426210/ |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref> ''Suzume'', fim na bakwai na Shinkai, an sake shi a Japan a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 15, 2021 |title=新海誠監督の最新作「すずめの戸締まり」2022年秋に全国公開！ 主人公は災いの元となる"扉"を閉めていく少女 |url=https://eiga.com/news/20211215/16/ |access-date=December 15, 2021 |publisher=Eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> Fim din ya ci gaba da samun nasara sosai kuma ya samu nasarar kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala miliyan 300 a duk duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Suzume (すずめの戸締まり) (2022) - Financial Information |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Suzume-(2022-Japan) |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=The Numbers}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Shinkai ta auri 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da kuma furodusa {{Interlanguage link|Misaka Chieko|ja|三坂知絵子}} , wanda aka fi sani da rawar gani a Versus; ma'auratan suna da 'yar, yar wasan kwaikwayo {{Interlanguage link|Chise Niitsu|ja|新津ちせ}} , wacce aka haifa a shekara ta 2010. Fim din da ya fi so shi ne Castle in the Sky, ''[[Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (film)|Nausicaä]]'' da The Castle of Cagliostro na Hayao Miyazaki, The End of Evangelion na Hideaki Anno, da Patlabor 2: The Movie na Mamoru Oshii . Wani asteroid, 55222 Makotoshinkai, an sanya masa suna.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001-09-12 |title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser — 55222 Makotoshinkai (2001 RP63) |url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=55222 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412073334/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=55222 |archive-date=2018-04-12 |access-date=2011-12-19 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref> == manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 62i2cazqgq8ao0wdzgyfnf6ab0pm5yo 0 96029 892697 705204 2026-08-07T21:58:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892697 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Mirai Shida 2024.jpg|thumb|Mirai Shida matashiya sannan'yar wasan kwaikwayo Dake kasar Japan tayi suna ne a dalilin fim Joō no Kyōshitsu" ]]  {{databox}} Mirai Shida (志田 未来, Shida Mirai, an haife ta a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 1993) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=志田 未来 KEN-ON Group Official Website |url=http://www.ken-on.co.jp/artists/shida |access-date=2015-03-31 |publisher=Ken-On Group |language=ja}}</ref> Ta zama sananne bayan rawar da ta taka a matsayin Kazumi Kanda a cikin "''Joō no Kyōshitsu''" ("The Queen's Classroom") wanda ya jagoranci ta zuwa manyan matsayi, kamar Miki Ichinose a cikin Uwar mai shekaru 14.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:志田未来のプロフィール |trans-title=Mirai Shida's Profile |url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/380148/profile/ |access-date=2015-03-31 |publisher=oricon ME inc. |language=ja}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Shida a Ayase, Kanagawa . Ta auri wata mace da ba ta shahara ba a watan Satumbar 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=志田未来、一般男性との結婚発表 お相手は「古くからの友人」 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2119560/full/ |access-date=September 15, 2018 |website=Oricon}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim din === * Kamen Rider 555: Aljanna da aka rasa (2003), Mina (Yarinya) * Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger The Movie: Full Blast Action (2004), yarinya daga duniyar "Leslie" * ''Amemasu no Kawa "Ƙaunar Farko"'' (2004), Sayuri Takakura (Yarinya) <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:雨鱒の川 |url=http://eiga.com/movie/41175/ |access-date=2015-03-31 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> * Spring Snow (2005), Satoko Ayakura * ''Tsubakiyama Kachō no Nanokakan'' (2006) <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:椿山課長の七日間 |url=http://eiga.com/movie/33745/ |access-date=2015-03-31 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> * ''Kabei: Uwarmu'' (2008), Hatsuko Nogami <ref name="MYCOM">{{Cite web |title=MYCOM Journal |url=http://journal.mycom.co.jp/articles/2007/02/22/kabe/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228000259/http://journal.mycom.co.jp/articles/2007/02/22/kabe/ |archive-date=2007-02-28 |access-date=2007-03-11}}</ref> * ''Dare mo Mamotte Kurenai'' (2009), Saori Funamura <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:誰も守ってくれない |url=http://eiga.com/movie/53118/ |access-date=2015-03-31 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> * ''Shokudō Katatsumuri'' (2008), Momo-chan <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:食堂かたつむり |url=http://eiga.com/movie/54663/ |access-date=2015-03-31 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> * Mai ba da bashi Arrietty (2010), Arrietty (murya) <ref name="sports-hochi">{{Cite web |date=April 13, 2010 |script-title=ja:志田未来、ジブリ新作主演！声優初挑戦「借りぐらしのアリエッティ」 |trans-title=Mirai Shida stars in new Ghibli release! First time voice acting in ''The Borrower Arrietty'' |url=http://hochi.yomiuri.co.jp/entertainment/news/20100413-OHT1T00018.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416155949/http://hochi.yomiuri.co.jp/entertainment/news/20100413-OHT1T00018.htm |archive-date=April 16, 2010 |access-date=April 12, 2010 |language=ja}}</ref> * ''POV: Fim din Norowareta'' (2012), Mirai Shida (Herself) * ''Taron'' (2013), Yūko Terui * The Wind Rises (2013), Kayo Horikoshi (murya) * ''Eiga ST Aka zuwa Shirō no Sōsa File'' (2015), Shō Aoyama <ref>{{Cite web |title=志田未来 映画『ST 赤と白の捜査ファイル』1月10日（土）公開 |url=http://www.ken-on.co.jp/topics/2015/01/09/7576 |access-date=2015-03-31 |publisher=Ken-On Group |language=ja |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402105931/http://www.ken-on.co.jp/topics/2015/01/09/7576 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Itacen Uwa'' (2015) <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:志田未来 東映戦後70年映画『おかあさんの木』出演 |url=http://www.ken-on.co.jp/headline/2015/02/02/7830 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402141420/http://www.ken-on.co.jp/headline/2015/02/02/7830 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |access-date=2015-03-31 |publisher=Ken-On Group |language=ja}}</ref> * ''Good Morning Show'' (2016), Saya Miki * Yell for the Blue Sky (2016), Yūka Mori * ''Fuskokin da yawa na Ito'' (2018), Shūko Nose (B) * Laplace's Witch (2018), Tetsuko Okunishi * ''My Hero Academia: Jarumai Biyu'' (2018) - Melissa Shield <ref>{{Cite web |title=Melissa Shield |url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/tv-shows/My-Hero-Academia/Melissa-Shield/ |access-date=20 June 2020 |website=Behind the Voice Actors}}</ref> * Littafin Yarinya mai ban mamaki (2020) * A Whisker Away (2020), Miyo, Tarō (murya) * ''#HandballStrive'' (2020), Teruteru * Ta hanyar Window (2022), Yukino Arisaka <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2022 |title=稲垣吾郎主演、映画『窓辺にて』中村ゆり、玉城ティナ、若葉竜也ら出演 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2241153/full/?anc=014 |access-date=July 7, 2022 |website=Oricon}}</ref> * Samurai Detective Onihei: Jinin don Jini (2024) <ref>{{Cite web |title="新たな鬼平" 第一弾「鬼平犯科帳 本所・桜屋敷」が遂に完成！ 松本幸四郎、市川染五郎、松平健が登場！ |url=https://kyodonewsprwire.jp/release/202312063902 |access-date=December 13, 2023 |website=Kyodo News PR Wire}}</ref> * ''Acma: Wasan: Maɓallin Ƙarshe'' (2024), Ran Kuroda <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-01 |title=Live-Action ACMA:Game Film's Trailer Reveals More Cast |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-07-30/live-action-acma-game-film-trailer-reveals-more-cast/.213761 |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=Anime News Network |language=en}}</ref> * ''Shinpei'' (2025), Toshiko <ref>{{Cite web |title=シンペイ 歌こそすべて |url=https://eiga.com/movie/102441/ |access-date=12 September 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> === Talabijin === * Eien na 1/2 (TBS, 2000) * ''Nukumori'' (NTV, 2000), Kana Murayama * Gekai Arimori Saeko II (NTV, 2000), Rie Ogawa * ''Shikei Dai no Ropeway'' (BS Japan, 2001), Kyōko Fujiki * ''Mariko'' (NHK, 2001), Mariko (Yarinya) * ''Hatsu Taiken'' Kashi na 3, 4 (Fuji TV, 2002) * ''Inubue'' (BS Japan, 2002), Ryōko Akizu * ''Shōnentachi 3'' (NHK, 2002) * ''Bara no Jūjika'' Kashi na 5 (Fuji TV, 2002) * ''Zako Kenji Ushio Tadashi no Jikenbo'' (TBS, 2002), Senju Ushio * Mai kula da jirgin Keiji 7 (Fuji TV, 2003), Kyōko * ''Kamen Rider Ryuki'' (TV Asahi, 2003) * ''Honto ni Atta Kowai Hanashi: Haru no Kyōfu Mystery'' (Fuji TV, 2003), Marie * ''Kawa, Itsuka Umie'' Kashi na 1 (NHK, 2003), Tami Honma * ''Zako Kenji Ushio Tadashi no Jikenbo 2'' (TBS, 2004), Senju Ushio * ''Itoshi Kimi e'' Kashi na 3 (Fuji TV, 2004), Rina Nakagawa * Reikan Bus Guide Jikenbo Episode 6 (TV Asahi, 2004), Yuki Shinozaki * ''Gidan Sarauniya'' (Joō no Kyōshitsu) (NTV, 2005), Kazumi Kanda * ''Haru zuwa Natsu'' (NHK, 2005), Natsu Takakura * ''Honto ni Atta Kowai Hanashi: Nanika ga Soko ni Iru'' (Fuji TV, 2005), Rie Sasada * ''Zako Kenji Ushio Tadashi no Jikenbo 3'' (TBS, 2005), Senju Ushio * ''Manbiki G-Men Nikaidou Yuki'' Kashi na 13 (TBS, 2005), Aya Nakamura * ''Tantei Gakuen Q'' (NTV, 2006), Minami Megumi (Meg) * ''An ba da shi'' (Fuji TV, 2006), Natsuki Konno * Uwar mai shekaru 14 (NTV, 2006), Miki Ichinose * ''Gidan aji na Sarauniya na Musamman: Datenshi'' Episode 1 (NTV, 2006), Kazumi Kanda * ''Watashitachi no Kyōkasho'' (Fuji TV, 2007), Asuka Aizawa * ''Tantei Gakuen Q'' (NTV, 2007), Minami Megumi (Meg) * Mafarki kuma (NTV, 2007), Hina Asahina / Hina Fujimoto * ''Kujira zuwa Medaka'' (Fuji TV, 2008), Sachiko Imai * ''Seigi no Mikata'' (NTV, 2008), Yōko Nakata * ''Murya: Inochi Naki Mono no Koe'' Kashi na 6 (Fuji TV, 2009), Tomoko Sōma * ''Kurobe no Taiyō'' (Fuji TV, 2009), Mitsuko Takiyama * ''Shugaba'' Kashi na 6 (Fuji TV, 2009), Yuki Ishihara * ''Shōkōjo Seira'' (TBS, 2009), Seira Kuroda <ref>{{Cite web |title=小公女セイラの出演者・キャスト一覧 |url=https://thetv.jp/program/0000005082/cast/ |access-date=12 November 2024 |website=The Televisionlanguage=ja}}</ref> * ''Sakuramichi'' (NTV, 2009), Miki Kobayashi * ''Honto ni Atta Kowai Hanashi na Musamman'' (Fuji TV, 2009), Yukari Mutō * Sotsu Uta: Aboki mafi kyau (Fuji TV, 2010), Ayumi Takano * ''Hammer Session!'' (TBS, 2010), Kaede Tachibana * ''Himitsu'' (TV Asahi, 2010), Monami Sugita/Naoko Sugita * ''Dokta Bull'' (NTV, 2011), Mia Takeda * ''Yonimo Kimyōna Monogatari: Aki no Tokubetsuhen'' (Fuji TV, 2011), Yuri Dōjima * ''Ghost Mama Sōsasen: Boku zuwa Mama no Fushigina 100-nichi'' (NTV, 2012), Aoi Uehara * ''Kagi no Kakatta Heya'' Kashi na 8 (Fuji TV, 2012) * ''Black Board: Jidai zuwa Tatakatta Kyōshi Tachi'' (TBS, 2012) * ''Maimaitawa: Hontō no Shiawase no Mitsukekata'' (TBS, 2012), Tomoko Miyoshi * ''Tazunebito'' (2012), Mitsuki Ōmae * The Knife and the Sword (TV Asahi, 2013), Natsu * ''ST: Keishichō Kagaku Tokusōhan'' (NTV, 2013), Shō Aoyama * ''Naru Youni Narusa'' (TBS, 2013), Yōko Uchida * ''Dandarin: Rōdō Kijun Kantokukan'' Kashi na 4 (NTV, 2013), Yumi Sanada * ''Naru Youni Narusa'' Season 2 (TBS, 2014), Yōko Uchida * The Knife and the Sword Sashe na 2 (TV Asahi, 2014), Natsu * ''ST Aka zuwa Shirō no Sōsa File'' (2014), Shō Aoyama * ''Masshiro'' (2015), Nana Matsuoka * ''Daddy Sister'' (2016) * 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo masu tallafawa (2017), kanta * Fuskokin Ito da yawa (2017), Shūko Nose (B) * ''Ma'aikatan Lokaci Psychic Ataru'' (2019) * Asagao: Likita na Shari'a (2019) * ''Yell'' (2020) * The Supporting Actors 3 (2021), kanta * ''Me Za ku yi, Ieyasu?'' (2023), Ito <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2022 |title=どうする家康:志田未来が大河ドラマ初出演で「まさか」まだまだ遠い存在も「とても光栄」 |url=https://mantan-web.jp/article/20220714dog00m200016000c.html |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=Mantan-web}}</ref> * ''Oshi no Ko'' (2024), Abiko Samejima <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-01 |title=Live-Action Oshi no Ko Series, Film Reveal 28 Cast Members |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-09-01/live-action-oshi-no-ko-series-film-unveil-28-cast-members/.214997 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Anime News Network |language=en}}</ref> * Hot Spot (2025), Mizuki Manabe <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2025 |title=ホットスポット:MEGUMIと志田未来が次回第6話から新たに出演 スナックのママと従業員役 |url=https://mantan-web.jp/article/20250209dog00m200049000c.html |access-date=10 March 2025 |website=Mantan-web |language=ja}}</ref> === Dubbing === * Tomorrowland (Yuni 2015), Casey Newton (Britt Robertson) <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:志田未来、洋画吹き替え初挑戦 |trans-title=Mirai Shida tried foreign film dubbing for the first time. |url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2051913/full/ |access-date=2015-05-05 |publisher=oricon ME inc. |language=ja}}</ref> == Kasuwanci == * [[Tokyo]] Denryōku ** IH Mai dafa abinci ** TEPCO Hikari *** "Mama no Manzoku (Shopping) " (Mayu 2006 - Nuwamba 2006) *** "Ojīchan no Manzoku" (Mayu 2006 - Nuwamba 2006) * Muhimman Harkokin Kasuwanci "Bokujō Monogatari Series" ** Nintendo DS "Bokujō Kimi zuwa Sodatsu Shima" (Satumba 2006) ** "Sekai ga Sodatsu" (Disamba 2006 - yanzu) * KDDI "a" ** Oyako de, a farkon ba Haru ba. *** "Kenka" (Fabrairu 2007) *** "Chichi wa Tatsujin" (Fabrairu 2007) * Kamfanin Abinci na Gida "Fruity" (Fabrairu 2007) <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:News Release 18 January 2007 |url=https://housefoods.jp/company/news/news_1460.html |access-date=2015-05-05 |publisher=House Foods Corporation |language=ja}}</ref> * Kankō Gakuseifuku (Oktoba 2008) <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:CM Library |url=http://kanko-gakuseifuku.co.jp/press/library.html |access-date=2015-05-05 |publisher=Kankō Gakuseifuku Co., Ltd. |language=ja}}</ref> * Cibiyar Sadarwar Kyushu "BBIQ" (Oktoba 2008 - Oktoba 2012) * Bridgestone Cycle "Albelt" (Janairu 2009) <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:aiko「ボーイフレンド」が志田未来出演自転車CMソングに |url=http://natalie.mu/music/news/42687 |access-date=2015-05-05 |publisher=Natasha, Inc. |language=ja |archive-date=2015-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518054319/http://natalie.mu/music/news/42687 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Bourbon "Alfort Mini Chocolate" (Satumba 2014) <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:ブルボン、「アルフォートミニチョコレート」向井理、志田未来が兄妹を演じるTVCM第3弾とメイキングを公開 |trans-title=Bourbon released the 3rd Alfort Mini Chocolate TVCM and making. |url=http://navicon.jp/news/27807/ |access-date=2015-05-05 |language=ja}}</ref> * Mataki-5 Nintendo 3DS "Fantasy Life" (Disamba 2012) <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:レベルファイブ、3DS「ファンタジーライフ」を発売、志田未来出演TVCMを公開 |url=http://navicon.jp/news/16856/ |access-date=2015-05-05 |website=navicon |language=ja}}</ref> * Daihatsu "Move" (Mayu 2013) <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 December 2013 |script-title=ja:6位ダイハツの「ムーヴ」大げさな法廷劇で注目 女子大生役の志田未来がチョーかわいい |url=http://www.sankei.com/economy/news/131230/ecn1312300029-n1.html |access-date=2015-05-05 |publisher=Sankei Shimbun&Sankei Digital |language=ja}}</ref> * [[Ajinomoto]] "Pal Sweet Bioligo" (Afrilu 2015) <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:女優・志田未来さん登場！「コップのフチ子」と初共演～味の素ＫＫ「パルスイート(R)ビオリゴ(R)」新ＴＶＣＭスタート！ |url=http://www.ajinomoto.com/jp/presscenter/press/detail/2015_04_09.html |access-date=2015-05-05 |publisher=Ajinomoto Co., Inc. |language=ja}}</ref> == Bayanan littattafai == === Littattafai === * ''Mirai Nikki'' (Ameba Books, Oktoba 2009),   === Littattafan hoto === * ''14-sai, 15-sai, 16-sai no Mirai'' (Kadokawa Marketing, 6 Nuwamba 2009),   * ''Mirai: Chiisai Desukedo, Nanika?'' (Tokyo News Service, Maris 2012),   * ''Arigatou'' (Kadokawa, 11 Janairu 2014),   == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Ƙungiya !Kyautar !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- |2005 |Kyautar Kwalejin Wasanni ta Talabijin ta 46 |Sabon Sabon Mafi Kyau |''Joō no Kyōshitsu''||{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.television.co.jp/drama/academy/2005/10/post_68.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027180117/http://blog.television.co.jp/drama/academy/2005/10/post_68.html|script-title=ja:新人俳優賞|archive-date=2007-10-27|access-date=2015-03-30|publisher=Television Drama Academy Awards|language=ja}}</ref> |- |2006 |Kyautar Rayuwar Talabijin ta shekara-shekara 2006 |Mafi kyawun Sabon, Mafi kyawun Actress |''Mahaifiyar mai shekaru 14''||{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tvlife.jp/dramaaward|title=TV LIFE年間ドラマ大賞 受賞リスト|access-date=2015-03-31|publisher=Gakken Publishing Co., Ltd|language=ja}}</ref> |- |2006 |Kyautar Galaxy (Japan) |Suisenshō |''Mahaifiyar mai shekaru 14''||{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.houkon.jp/galaxy/44th_shourei.html|script-title=ja:放送批評懇談会|access-date=2015-03-31|publisher=Japan Council For Better Radio and Television NPO|language=ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810074452/http://www.houkon.jp/galaxy/44th_shourei.html|archive-date=2016-08-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2007 |Kyautar Hashida ta 15 |Rookie na Shekara |''Mahaifiyar mai shekaru 14''||{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tokyograph.com/news/id-466|title=Shida becomes youngest winner of Hashida newcomer award|date=2007-02-13|publisher=Tokyograph|access-date=2010-02-07}}</ref> |- |2008 |Kyautar Kwalejin Wasanni ta Talabijin ta 58 |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo |''Seigi no Mikata''||{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.television.co.jp/drama/academy/2008/11/post_313.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216065117/http://blog.television.co.jp/drama/academy/2008/11/post_313.html|script-title=ja:主演女優賞|archive-date=2008-12-16|access-date=2015-03-30|publisher=Television Drama Academy Awards|language=ja}}</ref> |- |2010 |Kyautar Elan na zinariya ta 2010 |Kyautar Sabon |Shi da kansa||{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tokyograph.com/news/id-5767|title=2010 Elan d'or Awards|date=2010-02-05|publisher=Tokyograph|access-date=2010-02-07}}</ref> |- |2010 |Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Japan ta 33 |Kyautar Sabon |''Dare mo Mamotte Kurenai''||{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://career.oricon.co.jp/news/74004/full/|script-title=ja:【日本アカデミー賞】新人俳優賞・水嶋ヒロ、映画製作にも意欲|access-date=2015-03-30|publisher=oricon ME inc.|language=ja}}</ref> |- |2010 |Kyautar Kwalejin Wasanni ta Talabijin ta 63 |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo |''Shōkōjo Seira''||{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.television.co.jp/drama/academy/2010/02/post_352.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312165123/http://blog.television.co.jp/drama/academy/2010/02/post_352.html#more|script-title=ja:ザテレビジョンドラマアカデミー賞: 【第63回&主演女優賞】志田未来|trans-title=The Television Drama Academy Prise|archive-date=2013-03-12|access-date=2015-03-31|work=The Television|language=ja}}</ref> |- |} == manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] 8u5pjim8vhdz7lmy4wp6zql7itpkp2h 0 96061 892688 828683 2026-08-07T21:42:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mildred Reason Dube''' (ta mutu a ranar 27 ga watan Yuni 2022) 'yar siyasar [[Zimbabwe]] ce wacce ta yi aiki a Majalisar Dattawan Zimbabwe daga shekarun 2018 har zuwa mutuwarta a shekarar 2022, mai wakiltar [[Bulawayo]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=HON DUBE MILDRET REASON |url=https://parlzim.gov.zw/dt_team/hon-dube-mildret-reason/ |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=[[Parliament of Zimbabwe]] |language=en-US |archive-date=31 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731223220/https://parlzim.gov.zw/dt_team/hon-dube-mildret-reason/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Da farko an zaɓe ta a babban zaɓen ƙasar Zimbabwe na shekarar 2018, Dube ta kasance makusancin Thokozani Khupe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Lulu Brenda |date=12 August 2018 |title=Fiery Misihairabwi-Mushonga back in Parliament |url=https://www.gwerugazette.com/2018/08/12/fiery-misihairabwi-mushonga-back-in-parliament/ |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=Gweru Gazette |language=en-US |archive-date=15 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715021537/https://www.gwerugazette.com/2018/08/12/fiery-misihairabwi-mushonga-back-in-parliament/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=29 April 2020 |title=Khupe reacts angrily to her 'expulsion' as MDC-T leader |url=https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/politics/khupe-reacts-angrily-to-her-expulsion-as-mdc-t-leader/ |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=[[The Zimbabwe Mail]] |archive-date=20 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120105754/https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/politics/khupe-reacts-angrily-to-her-expulsion-as-mdc-t-leader/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 2020, Dube, wacce 'yar jam'iyyar Movement for Democratic Change-Tsvangirai jam'iyyar, ta yi barazanar korar ta daga jam'iyyar da shugaban jam'iyyar Nixon Nyikadzino; duk da haka, Khupe, wanda shi ne mukaddashin shugaban jam'iyyar ya ba ta kariya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mpofu |first=Muza |date=5 May 2020 |title=MDC-T Secretary General Nixon Nyikadzino fires 2 top MDC-T officials |url=https://www.myzimbabwe.co.zw/news/64003-breaking-mdc-t-secretary-general-nixon-nyikadzino-fires-2-top-mdc-t-officials.html |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=My Zimbabwe News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dube |first=Casper |date=5 May 2020 |title=MDC-T Khupe MPs recalled from Parliament by Nyikadzino |url=https://savannanews.com/mdc-t-khupe-mps-recalled-from-parliament-by-nixon-nyikadzino/ |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=Savanna News |language=en-US |archive-date=19 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119102050/https://savannanews.com/mdc-t-khupe-mps-recalled-from-parliament-by-nixon-nyikadzino/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga baya Dube ta zama shugaban jam'iyyar MDC-T ta majalisar dokoki. <ref name=":0"/> Sai dai a watan Janairun 2022, an kori Dube, Khupe, da wasu kawayen Khupe guda biyu daga jam'iyyar, sakamakon shawarar da Khupe ya yanke na ɓallewa daga jam'iyyar MDC-T tare da kafa sabuwar jam'iyyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2022 |title=Douglas Mwonzora's MDC-T Expels VP Thokozani Khupe |url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/douglas-mwonzora-mdc-t-expels-thokozani-khupe/6418272.html |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=[[Voice of America]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=29 January 2022 |title=MDC T expels Dr Thokozani Khupe |url=https://zwnews.com/mdc-t-expels-dr-thokozani-khupe/ |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=Zim News |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2021, Dube ta goyi bayan wani kudirin doka da [[ZANU-PF|Zimbabwe African National Union- Patriotic Front]], jam'iyya mai mulki ta Zimbabwe ta gabatar, wanda zai gyara kundin tsarin mulkin Zimbabwe don cire zaɓen mataimakin shugaban ƙasa kai tsaye, da tsawaita wa'adin alkalai, da kuma ba da tabbacin adadin mata a majalisa da ƙananan hukumomi. Ana ganin tanade-tanade guda biyu da suka gabata a matsayin wani yunkuri ne na mayar da madafun iko a fadar shugaban ƙasa. Baya ga Dube, wasu Sanatocin MDC-T guda goma sun goyi bayan gyaran. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=4 May 2021 |title=11 Mwonzora senators vote with Zanu PF to pass constitutional amendment bill |url=https://www.zimlive.com/2021/05/11-mwonzora-senators-vote-with-zanu-pf-to-pass-constitutional-amendment-bill/ |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=Zimbabwe News Now |language=en-US}}</ref> Dube ta mutu ranar 27 ga watan Yuni 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goba |first=Cynthia |date=28 June 2022 |title=Ex Home Affairs minister dies, Zimbabwe plunged into mourning |url=https://www.myzimbabwe.co.zw/news/97511-sad-news-ex-home-affairs-minister-dies-zimbabwe-plunged-into-mourning.html |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=My Zimbabwe News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2022 |title=MDC Alliance's Giles Mutseyekwa dies |url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-220839.html |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=Bulawayo24 News}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2022]] fdst6x4oyd3m0laiaf1tkj3fpqos5z8 0 96137 892641 600600 2026-08-07T20:21:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mercy Adu Gyamfi''' (an haife ta 1 ga Mayu 1971) 'yar majalisar dokokin Ghana ce, memba ce a sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party, kungiya mafi rinjaye a majalisa, kuma memba a majalisar dokoki ta bakwai na jamhuriyar Ghana ta hudu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=UKGCC |date=2018-07-10 |title=HON. MERCY ADU-GYAMFI |url=https://ukgcc.com.gh/hon-mercy-adu-gyamfi/ |access-date=2019-03-09 |website=UK-Ghana Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta yi aure da yara shida. <ref name="ghanamps.com">{{Cite web |title=MPS |url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5506 |website=Ghana Mps |access-date=2025-03-15 |archive-date=2019-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226011552/http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5506 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Mercy Adu-Gyamfi ta fito daga [[Akwatia]], a [[Yankin Gabashi (Ghana)|yankin Gabas]], na [[Ghana]], kuma an haife ta a ranar 1 ga Mayu 1971. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=35 |website=Parliament of Ghana |access-date=2025-03-15 |archive-date=2023-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525132657/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=35 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ilimi == Misis Mercy Adu-Gyamfi ta halarci makarantar Presby Middle School a Akwatia kuma a shekarar 1988 ta samu takardar shedar kammala makarantar Middle. (MSLC). == Sana'a == 'Yar kasuwa ce kuma mai gyaran gashi a sana'a. Ta zama ‘yar majalisar dokokin Ghana ne a watan Disambar 2016, lokacin da ta lashe zaben mazabar Akwatia a yankin Gabas. Ta kasance manajan darakta, na Amasey Pharmacy, a Kade, a yankin Gabas. <ref name=":0"/> Ita mamba ce a wasu kwamitoci a majalisar, tana aiki a kwamitin kula da ayyukan yi da na majalisar jin dadin jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/opinion/2017/march-13th/lord-boats-files-mp-ama-sey-epitomises-the-can-do-spirit.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506173842/https://www.myjoyonline.com/opinion/2017/march-13th/lord-boats-files-mp-ama-sey-epitomises-the-can-do-spirit.php |archive-date=6 May 2018 |access-date=5 May 2018}}</ref> Ta samu kuri'u 21,433 daga cikin sahihin kuri'u 37,716 da aka kada, kwatankwacin kashi 57,21% akan abokin hamayyarta Baba Jamal Mohammed Ahmed da Joice Sakei. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Adu-Gyamfi, Mercy |url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps-by-year-group/details.php?id=5506&group=5262 |access-date=2020-01-25 |website=www.ghanamps.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Mercy Adu Gyamfi tana da aure kuma tana da ‘ya’ya shida. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Adu-Gyamfi, Mercy |url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5506 |access-date=2019-03-09 |website=ghanamps.com}}</ref> Ita Kirista ce kuma memba na Cocin Fentikos. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Adu-Gyamfi, Mercy |url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5506 |access-date=2019-03-02 |website=www.ghanamps.com |archive-date=2019-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226011552/http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5506 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Mata ƴan majalisar dokokin Ghana]] onpr5sc7mat45mewwg20unbw9ny98ey 0 96172 892681 703132 2026-08-07T21:26:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Miho Kanno''' (An haife ta ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, 1977) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta ƙasar [[Japan]] kuma mawaƙiyan J-Pop. Sunan laƙabi shi ne Kanchan. An haife ta ne a Sakado, Saitama, Japan. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 1992, Kanno ta fara fitowa a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar da ake kira Sakurakko Club bayan ta wuce jagora don shirin talabijin na Sakurakko Kurabu . A matsayinta na memba na Sakura Gumi, ta fara shiga cikin ƙungiyar ta biyu ta DO-shite. Saboda kungiyar ta kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka ba da damar mambobinta su gudanar da ayyukansu, Kanno ta kara matakin aikinta a waje da wasan kwaikwayo iri-iri, yayin da ta kasance a matsayin na yau da kullun a cikin wasan kwaikwayon. A shekara ta 1993, ta fara Wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin na Japan a cikin Twins Kyōshi (Malami biyu), kuma ta ci gaba da bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo tun daga lokacin. A shekara ta 1996, Kanno ya bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Iguana no Musume'' (The Iguana's Daughter). Bayan haka, ta ci gaba da daukar matsayi a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa. Matsayinta a matsayin mutum da ke ƙoƙarin shawo kan raunin ji yayin ƙoƙarin gina iyali ya lashe kuri'un ra'ayi na jama'a, wanda daga baya ya fassara zuwa kyaututtuka da yawa a gare ta, kamar kyautar ATP da kyautar "Erando-ru New Talent". Ta fara fitowa a ranar 24 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1995 tare da "Koi o shiyō!" (Bari mu soyayya!), bayan ''Sakura Gumi'' ta rabu. An saki kundi na farko daga baya a wannan shekarar. Ta kuma shiga cikin samfurin daukar hoto. A ranar haihuwarta ta 20, wani littafi da ke nuna hotunan ''Tsirara'' da Miyzawa Masaaki ta dauka mai taken Nudity ya fara sayarwa kuma yana daya daga cikin littattafai goma da aka fi sayarwa a Japan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PhotoHistory 1997 - PHOTOGUIDE.JP |url=https://photoguide.jp/txt/PhotoHistory_1997 |website=photoguide.jp}}</ref> Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, Kanno yana aiki a cikin shirye-shirye iri-iri. A shekara ta 2005, ta fito a cikin shirin Fuji TV ''Burogu Taipu'' a matsayin na yau da kullun. Duk da yake Kanno galibi tana mai da hankali kan yin wasan kwaikwayo, har yanzu tana ci gaba da raira waƙa. == Rayuwa ta mutum == A ranar 2 ga Afrilu 2013, Miho Kanno ta yi rajistar aurenta da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Masato Sakai a [[Tokyo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sakai Masato & Kanno Miho register their marriage |url=https://www.tokyohive.com/article/2013/04/sakai-masato-kanno-miho-register-their-marriage |website=tokyohive}}</ref> Tana da 'ya'ya biyu tare da mijinta, babba yaro ne da aka haifa a shekarar 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-13 |title=菅野美穂、第１子男児を出産！「家族が増えた喜びでいっぱい」 |url=http://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/news/2015/08/13/kiji/K20150813010934290.html |access-date=2015-08-13 |publisher=Sponichi Annex}}</ref> kuma ƙarami yarinya ce da aka haifi a shekarar 2018. == Hotunan fina-finai == === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |1993 |''Malamin tagwaye'' |Keiko | |<ref name="oriconprof" /><ref name="mantan2017" /> |- |1994 |''Yarinyar da ta Tsallake a cikin Lokaci'' |Megumi Okamoto |Ministoci |<ref>{{Cite web |title=時をかける少女 |url=http://www.tvdrama-db.com/drama_info/p/id-29990 |access-date=June 18, 2024 |website=TV drama database}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |1996 |''Hashirannka!'' |Mari Miura |''Mai dafa abinci'' |<ref name="oriconprof" /> |- |''[[Yarinyar Iguana]]'' |Rika |Matsayin jagora |<ref name="oriconprof">{{Cite web |title=菅野美穂のプロフィール |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/224870/ |access-date=June 18, 2024 |website=Oricon}}</ref><ref name="mantan2017" /> |- |1997–2001 |''Hannunka suna yin murmushi'' |Mieko |Matsayin jagora |<ref name="oriconprof" /><ref name="mantan2017" /> |- |1998 |''Mai shayarwa'' |Na'u | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ソムリエの出演者・キャスト一覧 |url=https://thetv.jp/program/0000936668/cast/ |access-date=June 18, 2024 |website=The Television}}</ref> |- |1999 |''Mu'ujiza ta Ƙauna'' |Yukino Kurata |Matsayin jagora |<ref name="oricon202306" /> |- |2000 |''Ai o Kudasai'' |Ririka |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=愛をくださいの出演者・キャスト一覧 |url=https://thetv.jp/program/0000000446/cast/ |access-date=June 18, 2024 |website=The Television}}</ref> |- |2001 |''Churasan'' |Maria Jōnouchi |''Mai dafa abinci'' |<ref name="mantan2017" /> |- |2003–2007 |''Churasan 2, 3, 4'' |Maria Jōnouchi |Lokaci 3 |<ref name="mantan2017" /> |- |2003 |''Ōoku'' |Tenshō-in |Matsayin jagora |<ref name="oriconprof" /> |- |2005 |''Waƙar Ƙauna'' |Yōko Matsuda |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=あいのうた |url=https://www.ntv.co.jp/ai/ |access-date=20 August 2024 |website=Nippon Television}}</ref> |- |2007 |''Mutumin Hataraki'' |Hiroko Matsukata |Matsayin jagora |<ref name="oriconprof" /> |- |2009–2011 |''Girgije a kan Dutsen'' |Ritsu Masaoka | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=坂の上の雲 |url=https://haiyaku.web.fc2.com/09-saka.html |access-date=June 18, 2024 |website=Haiyaku Jiten}}</ref> |- |2010 |''Laifi'' |Meiko Nogami |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ギルティ 悪魔と契約した女の出演者・キャスト一覧 |url=https://thetv.jp/program/0000005776/cast/ |access-date=26 November 2024 |website=The Television |language=ja}}</ref> |- |2017 |''Hiyokko'' |Setsuko Kawamoto |''Mai dafa abinci'' |<ref name="mantan2017">{{Cite web |title=菅野美穂:「ひよっこ」世津子役は「宿題」岡田惠和作品の魅力…対峙シーン秘話も！ |url=https://mantan-web.jp/article/20170825dog00m200018000c.html |access-date=June 18, 2024 |website=Mantan-web}}</ref> |- |2021 |''Ranar da 'Yata!'' |Aoi Minase |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=菅野美穂がシングルマザーの恋愛小説家役でドラマ主演、脚本は北川悦吏子 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/400160 |access-date=October 30, 2020 |website=Natalie |archive-date=October 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014174750/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/400160 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2023 |''Yuria Red String of Destiny'' |Yuria Izawa |Matsayin jagora |<ref name="oricon202306">{{Cite web |title=菅野美穂、地味で平凡な主婦ヒロインに 24年ぶりテレ朝連ドラで主演「この役と出会えるなんてめっけもの!」 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2282122/full/ |access-date=June 18, 2024 |website=Oricon}}</ref> |- |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] a5qrc3o7jo3xpn6k9eyizq79mzb5hid 0 96263 892706 888791 2026-08-07T23:53:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892706 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Mone Kamishiraishi decokatsu sentei.jpg|thumb|Mone Kamishiraishi]]   {{databox}} Mone Kamishiraishi (上白石 Ō音, Kamishiraish Mone, an haife ta 27 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1998), 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma mawaƙiya ta Japan.[2] Ita ce 'yar'uwar' yar wasan kwaikwayo [[Moka Kamishiraishi]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haife ta a Kagoshima, Iyalinta sun zauna a Mexico na tsawon shekaru uku saboda aikin mahaifinta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 Nov 2011 |title=13歳・上白石萌音、デビュー半年で初ドラマ…ＮＨＫ大河「江」最終回 |url=http://hochi.yomiuri.co.jp/entertainment/news/20111103-OHT1T00340.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627210504/http://hochi.yomiuri.co.jp/entertainment/news/20111103-OHT1T00340.htm |archive-date=27 June 2012 |access-date=23 Jan 2021 |publisher=スポーツ報知 |language=ja}}</ref> Tana iya magana da Turanci da ɗan Mutanen Espanya.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=PROFILE |url=https://kamishiraishimone.com/profiles |access-date=2021-01-24 |website=上白石萌音 オフィシャルホームページ}}</ref> Malamin makarantar kiɗa ya ba da shawarar cewa ta shiga cikin 2011 Toho Cinderella Audition - gasa da kamfanin fim din, Toho Entertainment ya gudanar - ta lashe Kyautar Juri ta Musamman.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 Sep 2016 |title=上白石萌音さん インタビュー |url=http://shinronavi.com/present/2016/mone/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021011136/http://shinronavi.com/present/2016/mone/ |archive-date=21 October 2016 |access-date=23 Jan 2021 |publisher=進路ナビ |language=ja}}</ref> Ta fara wasan kwaikwayo a wasan kwaikwayo na karshe na wasan kwaikwayo na NHK Taiga <nowiki><i id="mwKA">Gō: Hime-tachi no Sengoku</i></nowiki> tare da Juri Ueno . Ta fara bugawa a cikin King and I a shekarar 2012. Ta taka rawar geisha a fim din kiɗa "Lady Maiko" wanda Masayuki Suo ya jagoranta. Ta kasance mai kula da taken "Maiko wa Lady" wanda aka saki a matsayin guda a ƙarƙashin sunan "Koharu". A shekara ta 2016, ta tashi zuwa shahararriyar kasa da kasa a matsayin jagorar mata a fim din anime na [[Makoto Shinkai]] Your Name, inda ta lashe kyautar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a 11th Seiyu Awards . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=第11回 声優アワード受賞者 発表！主演賞は『君の名は。』コンビ {{!}} アニメイトタイムズ |url=https://www.animatetimes.com/news/details.php?id=1489817579 |access-date=2021-01-03 |website=第11回 声優アワード受賞者 発表！主演賞は『君の名は。』コンビ {{!}} アニメイトタイムズ |language=ja}}</ref> Kamishiraishi ta yi amfani da piano wanda ta nuna don A Forest of Wool and Steel . <ref>{{Cite web |title=上白石萌音、萌歌が映画初共演「お互い高め合える」 - シネマ : 日刊スポーツ |url=https://www.nikkansports.com/entertainment/news/201711230000035.html |access-date=2021-01-03 |website=nikkansports.com |language=ja}}</ref> Ta kuma koyi ballet na gargajiya a lokaci guda da na kiɗa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2014 |title=卒業生の活躍 – マリアミュージカルアカデミー |url=http://maria-musical.com/graduates/ |access-date=2021-01-03 |language=ja}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai wani wuri inda ta yi rawa a cikin karo na huɗu na gajeren fim din "Sky Blue Story" "''Mone Kamishiraishi ~ Nike da Snail ~''".<ref>{{Cite web |title=美少女がずらり登壇！ 「東宝シンデレラ」受賞者4人が初主演デビュー : 映画ニュース |url=https://eiga.com/news/20111129/11/ |access-date=2021-01-03 |website=映画.com |language=ja}}</ref> Ta buga Kanade Ooe a ''Chihayafuru'', Aoi Nishimori a cikin fim din L-DK: Two Loves, Under One Roof da Nanase Sakura daga wasan kwaikwayo na TBS "An Incurable Case of Love" a cikin 2020.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=April 26, 2017 |script-title=ja:広瀬すず主演「ちはやふる」続編に優希美青×佐野勇斗×清原果耶×賀来賢人！ |url=http://eiga.com/news/20170426/1/ |access-date=August 21, 2017 |publisher=eiga.com |language=Japanese}}</ref> Ta fito a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo, "Oh My Boss! Love is a Separate Volume" a matsayin Nami Suzuki da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na taiga Reach Beyond the Blue Sky a matsayin Tenshō-in Atsuhime .<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2020-11-23 |title=今度は「ボス恋」！上白石萌音、来年１月ＴＢＳ火１０ドラマ主演 「恋つづ」以来１年ぶり |url=https://hochi.news/articles/20201122-OHT1T50361.html |access-date=2021-01-03 |website=スポーツ報知 |language=ja}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=26 November 2020 |title=上白石萌音 NHK大河ドラマ「青天を衝け」に出演決定！ {{!}} 東宝芸能 |url=https://www.toho-ent.co.jp/news/21771 |access-date=2021-01-03 |website=www.toho-ent.co.jp |language=ja}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Disamba, 2020, an ba da sanarwar cewa za ta taka rawar Yasuko a cikin 105th asadora Come Everybody . Wannan shi ne karo na farko a tarihin asadora cewa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo uku za su buga kowane haruffa a matsayin jarumi daban-daban. An zaɓi Kamishiraishi da [[Rina Kawaei]] ta hanyar sauraro daga masu neman 3061.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=日本放送協会 |title=上白石萌音×深津絵里×川栄李奈 2021年度後期連続テレビ小説「カムカムエヴリバディ」ヒロイン決定！ |url=http://www.nhk.or.jp/dramatopics-blog/1000/441427.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010122500/http://www.nhk.or.jp/dramatopics-blog/1000/441427.html |archive-date=2021-10-10 |access-date=2021-01-03 |website=ドラマトピックス |language=ja}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim din === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |- |2011 |''Sorairo Monogatari: Dai 4-wa Mone Kamishiraishi -Nike zuwa Katatsumuri-'' |Nike |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 Nov 2011 |title=長澤まさみに続け！東宝シンデレラ4人が初主演デビュー |url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2004180/full/ |access-date=28 Dec 2016 |website=Oricon Style |publisher=[[Oricon]] |language=ja}}</ref> |- |2012 |''Yaran Wolf'' |Keno (murya) | | |- |2013 |''Daijōbu 3-kumi'' |Fumin Nakanishi | | |- |2014 |''Lady Maiko'' |Haruko Saigo |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2013 |title=周防正行監督、新作は17年ぶり娯楽作！『マイ・フェア・レディ』をもじった『舞妓はレディ』 |url=http://www.cinematoday.jp/page/N0052793 |access-date=28 Dec 2016 |website=Cinema Today |language=ja |archive-date=25 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825112051/http://www.cinematoday.jp/page/N0052793 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2016 |''Chihayafuru Sashe na 1'' / ''Sashe na 2'' |Kanade Ōe | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 Jun 2015 |title=実写映画「ちはやふる」は2部作で公開！千早役は映画初主演の広瀬すず |url=http://natalie.mu/comic/news/151648 |access-date=28 Dec 2016 |website=Comic Natalie |publisher=Natasha |language=ja |archive-date=22 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422094856/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/151648 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''Sunanka'' |Mitsuha Miyamizu (murya) |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 Dec 2015 |title=新海誠の新作アニメ「君の名は。」に神木隆之介＆上白石萌音が声の主演、特報も公開 |url=http://natalie.mu/eiga/news/168813 |access-date=28 Dec 2016 |website=Eiga Natalie |publisher=Natasha |language=ja |archive-date=23 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923003835/http://natalie.mu/eiga/news/168813 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''Wutsiyar Oboreru'' |Kana Matsunaga | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 Mar 2016 |title=小松菜奈＆菅田将暉「溺れるナイフ」で恋愛映画Ｗ主演 |url=http://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/news/2016/03/07/kiji/K20160307012171500.html |access-date=28 Dec 2016 |website=Sponichi Annex |publisher=[[Sports Nippon]] |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 Sep 2016 |title=上白石萌音の"高校デビュー"写真が公開 映画『溺れるナイフ』 |url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2078790/full/ |access-date=28 Dec 2016 |website=Oricon Style |publisher=Oricon |language=ja}}</ref> |- |2017 |''Yo-kai Watch Shadowside: Oni-ō no Fukkatsu'' |Natsume Amano (murya) | | |- | rowspan="3" |2018 |''Chihayafuru Sashe na 3'' |Kanade Ōe | |<ref name=":2"/> |- |''Dajin Gishiri da Karfe'' |Kazune Sakura | | |- |''Mu'ujizar Crybaby Shottan'' |Mariko | | |- | rowspan="4" |2019 |''L-DK: Soyayya Biyu, A ƙarƙashin Rufi ɗaya'' |Aoi Nishimori |Matsayin jagora | |- |''<nowiki/>'Yan mata masu farawa'' |Hikari Komatsu |Matsayin jagora | |- |''Magana da Hotuna'' |Kinuyo Tanaka | | |- |''Yanayi tare da Kai'' |Mitsuha Miyamizu (murya) | | |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |''Dukkanin Doguwar Dare'' |Misa Fujisawa |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=松村北斗と上白石萌音が瀬尾まいこ原作「夜明けのすべて」でW主演、監督は三宅唱 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/512538 |access-date=February 13, 2023 |website=Natalie}}</ref> |- |''Fushigi Dagashiya Zenitendō'' |Yodomi | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=上白石萌音、映画『ふしぎ駄菓子屋 銭天堂』で自身初の"悪役"に挑戦 天海祐希とにらみ合う場面も |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2342141/full/ |access-date=28 August 2024 |website=Oricon}}</ref> |- |2025 |''Alkawarin Shekaru 35'' |Kyoko Nishihata (matashi) | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=35年目のラブレター |url=https://eiga.com/movie/101326/ |access-date=6 September 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |} === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |- |2011 |''Gō'' |Tokugawa Masako |Wasan kwaikwayo na <nowiki><i id="mwAS8">Taiga</i></nowiki> |<ref>{{Cite web |title=江 姫たちの戦国 |url=https://haiyaku.web.fc2.com/11-taiga.html |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=Haiyaku Jiten |language=ja}}</ref> |- |2012 |''Koi Aji Oyako'' |Naho Nishiyama | | |- | rowspan="3" |2017 |''Hokusai zuwa Meshi Saeareba'' |Fumiko Yamada |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 Nov 2016 |title=『君の名は。』ヒロイン、上白石萌音が連ドラ初主演 『ホクサイと飯さえあれば』実写化 |url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2081469/full/ |access-date=28 Nov 2016 |website=Oricon Style |publisher=Oricon |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 Nov 2016 |title=「ホクサイと飯さえあれば」上白石萌音が連ドラ初主演！来年1月より放送 |url=http://natalie.mu/eiga/news/209356 |access-date=28 Dec 2016 |website=Comic Natalie |publisher=Natasha |language=ja }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |''Saƙo daga Mudflats'' |Mirai Katase |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2019 |title=上白石萌音、NHKドラマ初主演 相手役はタイの若手スター俳優 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2085839/full/ |access-date=2021-01-03 |website=ORICON NEWS}}</ref> |- |''Rikuoh'' |Akane Miyazawa | | |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |''Segodon'' |Saigō Kiyo |Wasan kwaikwayo na <nowiki><i id="mwAWM">Taiga</i></nowiki> |<ref>{{Cite web |title=西郷どん |url=https://haiyaku.web.fc2.com/18-taiga.html |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=Haiyaku Jiten |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Suits'' |Haruka Fujishima |Kashi na 11 | |- | rowspan="6" |2019 |''Binciken ƙwaƙwalwa: Shirin Ofishin Shinjuku na Gabas'' |Saki Toyama | | |- |''Labarin Gimbiya Michiko Ba a sani ba Ƙaunar da Hanyar Rashin Jin daɗi'' |Hiroko Miyamoto | | |- |''Labaran Ruwa mai ban mamaki na 2019 "Gwarzon Har abada"'' |Aki Oba | | |- |''Peony Lantern: Labarin Ghost'' |Otsuyu | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Peony Lantern: A Ghost Story |url=https://pf.nhk-ep.co.jp/detail/2258 |access-date=December 23, 2021 |website=NHK Enterprises}}</ref> |- |''Abincin soyayya'' |Madoka Sawamura |Lokaci na 8, kashi na 2 | |- |''Akahige 2nd "Kindness and Lies"'' |Oritsu | | |- | rowspan="7" |2020 |''Wani lamari na soyayya marar warkewa'' |Nanase Sakura |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=AN INCURABLE CASE OF LOVE |url=https://www.tbscontents.com/en/program/anincurablecaseoflove |access-date=May 26, 2020 |website=TBS}}</ref> |- |''Mai tsere mai tsere na tsakar dare'' |Aboki |Abubuwa na 2 da 3 |<ref>{{Cite web |last=ザテレビジョン |title=上白石萌音が中島健人＆平野紫耀W主演ドラマ「未満警察」にゲスト出演！ （1/2） {{!}} 芸能ニュースならザテレビジョン |url=https://thetv.jp/news/detail/228684/ |access-date=2021-01-03 |website=ザテレビジョン |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Binciken Tunawa: 2020 na Musamman'' |Saki Toyama | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=最新情報｜金曜8時のドラマ「記憶捜査～新宿東署事件ファイル～」｜主演：北大路 欣也｜テレビ東京 |url=https://www.tv-tokyo.co.jp/kiokusousa/news/ |access-date=2021-01-03 |website=テレビ東京 |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Suits Season 2'' |Haruka Fujishima |Abubuwa 11, 13-15 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2020 |title=上白石萌音「SUITS／スーツ2」レギュラー出演決定「2年の時を経てガツガツ系に…」 - モデルプレス |url=https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/2223240 |access-date=2021-01-03 |website=モデルプレス - ライフスタイル・ファッションエンタメニュース |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Binciken ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya 2: Shirin Ofishin Gabashin Shinjuku'' |Saki Toyama | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=上白石萌音、ドラマ『記憶捜査』シーズン2で「成長した姿をお見せしたい」 |url=https://news.dwango.jp/tv/53990-2009/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415065423/https://news.dwango.jp/tv/53990-2009 |archive-date=2023-04-15 |access-date=2021-01-03 |website=ドワンゴジェイピーnews}}</ref> |- |''HTrue Labaran Tsoro: 2020 Special Edition'' |Sasa Kiirodori |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=上白石萌音「ほんとにあった怖い話」で片岡愛之助と初共演、撮影現場は「ほんわか」（コメントあり） |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/401975 |access-date=2021-01-03 |website=映画ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2023-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412003257/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/401975 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''Gida Sweet Tokyo Season 4'' |Setsuko | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2020 |title=上白石萌音、全編英語ドラマに出演決定 騒動を巻き起こす役＜ホーム・スイート東京＞ - モデルプレス |url=https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/2334708 |access-date=2021-01-03 |website=モデルプレス - ライフスタイル・ファッションエンタメニュース |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2021 |''Ya Maigidan! Ƙaunar da ba a haɗa ta ba'' |Nami Suzuki |Matsayin jagora |<ref name=":3"/> |- |''Zuwa Bayan Sama Mai Tsarki'' |Tenshō-in |Wasan kwaikwayo na <nowiki><i id="mwAfY">Taiga</i></nowiki> |<ref name=":4"/> |- |''Nakamura Nakazo: Shusse no Kizahashi'' |Okishi |Ƙananan jerin |<ref>{{Cite web |title=中村勘九郎がNHKドラマで"伝説の歌舞伎俳優"中村仲蔵に、共演に上白石萌音ら |url=https://natalie.mu/stage/news/437469 |access-date=July 20, 2021 |website=eiga.com |archive-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318235016/https://natalie.mu/stage/news/437469 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2021–22 |''Ka zo Kowane Mutum'' |Yasuko Tachibana |Matsayin jagora; Asadora''Mai dafa abinci'' |<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=朝ドラ「カムカムエヴリバディ」ヒロインは上白石萌音、深津絵里、川栄李奈 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/410152 |access-date=December 24, 2020 |website=Natalie |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224030909/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/410152 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |} == manazarta == === Bayani === {{Notelist}} === Tushen === [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hpu6ewr1nqgeo69mzdo1jsfjl964hqm 0 96265 892637 607901 2026-08-07T19:32:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matsumoto Koshiro''' (十代目 松本幸四郎, Jūdaime Matsumoto Kobeiro, an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun 1973 [1] a Tokyo) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Japan kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na kabuki . yagō nasa shine Kōraiya . mon dinsa shine Mitsu Ichō, kuma kaemon dinsa (maɓallin alama) shine Yotsu Hana-bishi. == Hotunan fina-finai == === Sabon kabuki === {| class="wikitable" !Taken !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !Tabbacin. |- |2015 |''Aterui'' |Aterui | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 Jul 2015 |title=市川染五郎、アテルイ歌舞伎化「完璧です」 |url=http://www.sanspo.com/geino/news/20150705/geo15070516290026-n1.html |access-date=8 Dec 2016 |website=Sanspo.com |publisher=Sankei Digital |language=ja}}</ref> |- |2016 |''Gensō Kami Kūkai: Shamonkūkai Tō no Kuni nite Oni to Utage su'' |Kūkai | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 Mar 2016 |title=空海演じる染五郎、高野山で成功祈願「力をください」 |url=http://www.sanspo.com/geino/news/20160310/geo16031005030002-n1.html |access-date=8 Dec 2016 |website=Sanspo.com |publisher=Sankei Digital |language=ja}}</ref> |} === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !Tabbacin. |- |1978 |''Ōgon no Hibi'' |Sukeza |Wasan kwaikwayo na <nowiki><i id="mwUg">Taiga</i></nowiki> |<ref>{{Cite web |title=黄金の日日 |url=https://haiyaku.web.fc2.com/78-taiga.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Hiyaku Jiten}}</ref> |- |2013 |''Sakura ta Yae'' |Sarkin sarakuna Kōmei |Wasan kwaikwayo na ''Taiga'' |<ref>{{Cite web |title=吉川晃司:大河「八重の桜」で西郷隆盛役「むちゃぶり」と本人もびっくり |url=https://mantan-web.jp/article/20120719dog00m200017000c.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Mantan-web}}</ref> |- |2015 |''Inyōshi'' |Abe no Seimei |Matsayin jagora; Fim din Talabijin |<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 Jun 2015 |title=市川染五郎&堂本光一、『陰陽師』単発ドラマ化 光一は時代モノ初挑戦 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2053744/full/ |access-date=March 11, 2024 |publisher=Oricon}}</ref> |- |2024 |''Onihei Hankachō'' |Hasegawa "Onihei" Heizō |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=松本幸四郎主演の「鬼平犯科帳」キャスト発表、市川染五郎は若き日の鬼平に |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/527870 |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Natalie |archive-date=May 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510191405/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/527870 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |} {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !Tabbacin. |- | rowspan="2" |2005 |''Ashura'' |Izumo Wakaraba |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=阿修羅城の瞳 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/1265/ |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''Samurai da nake so'' |Shiro Makibun |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=蝉しぐれ |url=https://eiga.com/movie/1637/ |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |2016 |''Pokémon fim: Volcanion da Mechanical Marvel'' |Volcanion (murya) | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ポケモン・ザ・ムービーXY＆Z 「ボルケニオンと機巧（からくり）のマギアナ」 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/83801/ |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |2024 |''Samurai Detective Onihei: Jinin don Jinin'' |Hasegawa "Onihei" Heizō |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=鬼平犯科帳：松本幸四郎が5代目長谷川平蔵に 「仕掛人・藤枝梅安」は豊川悦司が主人公・梅安 |url=https://mantan-web.jp/article/20210312dog00m200028000c.html |access-date=March 12, 2021 |website=Mantan.web}}</ref> |- |} === Wasannin bidiyo === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !Tabbacin. |- |2001 |''Kessen na II'' |Zhuge Liang | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=コーエー、PS2用ゲーム『決戦II』を今冬発売 |url=https://ascii.jp/elem/000/000/316/316789/ |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=ASCII}}</ref> |- |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jdtjadaikrl7yxgiq1czqlnx0yjomtl 0 96297 892725 881237 2026-08-08T03:39:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892725 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{databox}} Nashiko Momotsuki (Japanese: 桃月なしこ, Hepburn: Momotsuki Nashiko, An haife ta 8 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 1995,)<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=桃月なしこ {{!}} 株式会社ゼロイチファミリア －01familia－ |url=https://01familia.co.jp/talent/ladies/nashiko/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531100444/https://01familia.co.jp/talent/ladies/nashiko/ |archive-date=2022-05-31 |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=01familia.co.jp}}</ref> is a Japanese professional [[cosplayer]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-19 |title=桃月なしこ『鬼滅の刃』禰豆子のコスプレ披露 ファン絶賛「たまらん」「シャー!」 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2164917/full/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026224830/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2164917/full/ |archive-date=2021-10-26 |access-date=2022-01-04 |website=ORICON NEWS |publisher=oricon ME}}</ref> model,<ref name="oricon201910022" /> actress,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-15 |title=桃月なしこ、ラムちゃんのコスプレに絶賛の声 「再現度高すぎ」 |url=https://sirabee.com/2020/01/15/20162236624/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104063702/https://sirabee.com/2020/01/15/20162236624/ |archive-date=2022-01-04 |access-date=2022-01-04 |publisher=しらべぇ}}</ref> and [[licensed practical nurse]].<ref name="nashico" /><ref name=":12" /> She is represented by [[01familia]] and is an exclusive model for the women's fashion magazine ''[[Bis (magazine)|Bis]]''. She is best known for portraying the villain Yodonna in ''[[Mashin Sentai Kiramager]]'' (2020). Asalin ma'aikaciyar jinya, Momotsuki ta fito ne daga hukumar ta a shekarar 2017 kuma ta shiga masana'antar nishaɗi a matsayin samfurin zane, tana jawo hankali saboda aikinta na rana. An nada ta a matsayin samfurin musamman na ''Bis'' a watan Oktoba 2019 kuma ta fitar da nata littattafan hoto a cikin 2020 da 2022. A matsayinta na 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, ta fara fitowa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin a cikin 2019 kuma ta bayyana a cikin ''Mashin Sentai Kiramager'' a shekara bayan haka, sannan ta fito a fina-finai da yawa a cikin ikon mallakar, da kuma Garo: Versus Road (2020) da Short Program (2022). Har ila yau, ita ma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta yau da kullun a tashar YouTube ta ''Zeroichi TV'' kuma ta fara yin muryarta a cikin Love After World Domination (2022). == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Momotsuki kuma ta girma a Toyohashi, Aichi Prefecture . Bayan kammala karatunta daga makarantar sakandare, Momotsuki ta fara aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar ma'aikaciyar jinya a asibiti a garinsu bayan ta koyi cewa hakan zai ba ta damar halartar makarantar jinya yayin da take aiki don biyan kuɗin karatun. Ta zama ma'aikaciyar jinya a shekara ta 2016, kuma bayan fara nishaɗi, ta bar Toyohashi kuma ta fara aiki a wani asibiti a [[Tokyo]].<ref name="nashico">{{Cite web |date=2018-08-03 |title=ナース∞無限大｜ナース・タレント・コスプレイヤー桃月なしこ「やればできる」と自分に言い聞かせる。そしたら、できるから。 |url=https://square.nurse-senka.jp/articles/239689 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024003138/https://square.nurse-senka.jp/articles/239689 |archive-date=2021-10-24 |access-date=2022-01-04 |website=ナーススクエア【ナース専科】 |publisher=株式会社エス・エム・エス}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2020, har yanzu tana aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya.<ref name="datazoo20180424">{{Cite web |date=2018-04-24 |title=有吉弘行のダレトク！？ 2018/04/24(火)22:00 の放送内容 ページ1 |url=https://datazoo.jp/tv/有吉弘行のダレトク！？/1157269 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623154200/https://datazoo.jp/tv/%E6%9C%89%E5%90%89%E5%BC%98%E8%A1%8C%E3%81%AE%E3%83%80%E3%83%AC%E3%83%88%E3%82%AF%EF%BC%81%EF%BC%9F/1157269 |archive-date=2022-06-23 |access-date=2022-01-04 |website=TVでた蔵}}</ref><ref name="encount20200920">{{Cite web |date=2020-09-20 |title=現役ナースのコスプレーヤー・桃月なしこ降臨 巫女役に興奮「めちゃくちゃ本格的」 |url=https://encount.press/archives/87818/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123132303/https://encount.press/archives/87818/ |archive-date=2022-01-23 |access-date=2022-01-04 |publisher=エンタメネット}}</ref> Momotsuki ta fara wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta uku ta makarantar sakandare a wani taron wasan kwaikwayo na gida. An dauki sunanta daga mascot Funassyi <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=nashiko_cos|title=|language=ja|trans-title=From Funasshi (lol)}}</ref> da kuma halin yanar gizo Shinya Momotsuki . <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=nashiko_cos|title=|language=ja|trans-title=I like Shinya Momotsuki from a work called ''[[Momokuri]]'' on [[Comico (NHN Japan)|Comico]], so I became Nashiko Momotsuki. Nice to meet you.}}</ref> Ta kasance a cikin 2017 ta hanyar hukumar ta kuma ta fara mujallarta a cikin Nuwamba na Weekly Young Magazine, mai suna "The Exceedingly Beautiful Nurse" (美人ƙiƙiƙiƙi). <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=INC |first=SANKEI DIGITAL |date=2017-11-13 |title=２万人の視線独占！現役看護師、桃月なしこが鮮烈グラビアデビュー |url=https://www.sanspo.com/article/20171113-4LDESHGE7VNKVM26NYVXMUUAZ4/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610045419/https://www.sanspo.com/article/20171113-4LDESHGE7VNKVM26NYVXMUUAZ4/ |archive-date=2022-06-10 |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=サンスポ |language=ja}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=WEBザテレビジョン |title=桃月なしこ「最大の目標の一つ」ファッション誌レギュラーモデルに！＜Interview＞ |url=https://thetv.jp/news/detail/207250/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610200258/https://thetv.jp/news/detail/207250/ |archive-date=2022-06-10 |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=WEBザテレビジョン |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="キラメイジャー"桃月なしこ、白い肌映える水着姿 1st写真集アザーカット |url=https://www.crank-in.net/news/83139/1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605152410/https://www.crank-in.net/news/83139/1 |archive-date=2022-06-05 |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=クランクイン！- エンタメの「今」がわかる 映画＆エンタメニュースサイト |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=INC |first=SANKEI DIGITAL |date=2017-11-13 |title=２万人の視線独占！現役看護師、桃月なしこが鮮烈グラビアデビュー |url=https://www.sanspo.com/article/20171113-4LDESHGE7VNKVM26NYVXMUUAZ4/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610045419/https://www.sanspo.com/article/20171113-4LDESHGE7VNKVM26NYVXMUUAZ4/ |archive-date=2022-06-10 |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=サンスポ |language=ja}}</ref> Yayinda aikinta ke ƙaruwa, ta koma Tokyo don ci gaba da haɓaka aikinta na nishaɗi kuma ta halarci azuzuwan da suka shafi wasan kwaikwayo da ƙira, da kuma darussan Turanci da Sinanci.<ref name=":5" /><ref name="oricon201910022">{{Cite web |date=2019-10-02 |title=桃月なしこ『bis』レギュラーモデル抜てき 目標達成に「意味の無いことなんてなかった」 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2145673/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026175036/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2145673/ |archive-date=2021-10-26 |access-date=2022-01-04 |website=ORICON NEWS |publisher=oricon ME}}</ref> Momotsuki ta fara fitowa a talabijin a cikin shirin tattaunawa na Hatsumimigaku [ja] a kan MBS a watan Fabrairun 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=「初耳学」"美人すぎる看護師"桃月なしこが話題 コスプレ＆グラビアに注目集まる「無敵」「リアル白衣の天使」＜プロフィール＞ - モデルプレス |trans-title=Nashiko Momotsuki, the "exceedingly beautiful nurse," attracts attention for her cosplay and gravure shoots |url=https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/1746121 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622152515/https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/1746121 |archive-date=2022-06-22 |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=モデルプレス - ライフスタイル・ファッションエンタメニュース |language=ja}}</ref> Ta bayyana a 2018 Nurse Fes Tokyo a matsayin mai gudanarwa don taron "Nurse Plus One", wanda ya gabatar da ma'aikatan jinya waɗanda suke aiki a wasu fannoni kamar kanta.<ref name="nashico"/> Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin alƙali don gasar DC Comics cosplay a Tokyo Comic-Con 2018 kuma ta fara kasuwanci don wasan wayar hannu For Whom the Alchemist Exists [ja]. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=東京コミコン2018："現役美人ナース"桃月なしこがスーパーガールのコスプレ 美脚も！ |url=https://mantan-web.jp/article/20181202dog00m200008000c.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616073809/https://mantan-web.jp/article/20181202dog00m200008000c.html |archive-date=2022-06-16 |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=MANTANWEB（まんたんウェブ） |language=ja-JP}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="美人すぎるナース"桃月なしこCM初演技にプレッシャー |trans-title=Nashiko Momotsuki, the "exceedingly beautiful nurse," under pressure for her first commercial appearance |url=https://lineblog.me/dessart/archives/13196933.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109070927/https://lineblog.me/dessart/archives/13196933.html |archive-date=2020-11-09 |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=デザート 公式ブログ |language=ja}}</ref> Ta fara wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin a cikin kashi na 4 na 10-jin Spy Daisakusen: Code Balikata, wanda aka watsa a gidan talabijin na Saitama da tashoshin da ke da alaƙa a watan Fabrairun 2019. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=WEBザテレビジョン |title="コスプレ美女"桃月なしこ、初ドラマ出演で乙女な女の子に！「少し小悪魔的要素も…」 |url=https://thetv.jp/news/detail/178079/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610200259/https://thetv.jp/news/detail/178079/ |archive-date=2022-06-10 |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=WEBザテレビジョン |language=ja}}</ref> A watan Oktoba, an zaɓi Momotsuki a matsayin samfurin yau da kullun don mujallar tufafin mata ta ''Bis'' . <ref name="oricon201910022"/> A baya an nuna ta a cikin fitowar Yuni, kuma ta ambaci cewa kasancewa samfurin mujallar yau da kullun yana daya daga cikin "manyan burinta".<ref>{{Cite web |last=WEBザテレビジョン |title=桃月なしこ、ファッション誌初登場で「新しい自分」を発見 |url=https://thetv.jp/news/detail/192156/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610200300/https://thetv.jp/news/detail/192156/ |archive-date=2022-06-10 |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=WEBザテレビジョン |language=ja}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Satumba, 2020, Momotsuki ta fara fitowa a matsayin mai riƙe da bulala mai goyon bayan mai adawa da Mashin Sentai Kiramager characters">Yodonna a cikin kashi na 25 na Mashin Sentai Kiramager . <ref name="encount20200920"/> <ref name="テレ朝POST20200927">{{Cite web |date=2020-09-27 |title=『魔進戦隊キラメイジャー』桃月なしこ、実は敵だった！オーディション合格秘話明かす |url=https://post.tv-asahi.co.jp/post-130827/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123132303/https://post.tv-asahi.co.jp/post-130827/ |archive-date=2022-01-23 |access-date=2022-01-04 |website=テレ朝POST |publisher=テレビ朝日}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=桃月なしこ：「キラメイジャー」ヨドンナ役 好評の裏に大きな重圧と不安 「特撮ファンに受け入れられるか…」 |url=https://mantan-web.jp/article/20210105dog00m200026000c.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610060110/https://mantan-web.jp/article/20210105dog00m200026000c.html |archive-date=2022-06-10 |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=MANTANWEB（まんたんウェブ） |language=ja-JP}}</ref> An karɓi halin sosai, ana ba da laƙabi kamar "The Exceedingly Beautiful Enemy Officer", kuma a cikin 2021 ta zama mai gabatarwa a fina-finai biyu na yanar gizo da aka kafa bayan abubuwan da suka faru na babban jerin, ''Yodonna'' da ''Yodonna 2.''<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=桃月なしこが舞台『あの花』で鳴子役を熱演「原作ファンの方にも届くように…」 {{!}} ENTAME next - アイドル情報総合ニュースサイト |url=https://entamenext.com/articles/detail/16131 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216064656/https://entamenext.com/articles/detail/16131 |archive-date=2022-02-16 |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=entamenext.com |language=ja}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-05-30 |title=キラメイスピンオフ『ヨドンナ』に柿原さん・西葉瑞希登場 ヨドンナ様と顔密着 石黒英雄に岸洋佑も参加 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2195010/full/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227003511/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2195010/full/ |archive-date=2022-02-27 |access-date=2022-01-04 |website=ORICON NEWS |publisher=oricon ME}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-08-08 |title=『ヨドンナ2』配信決定 ヨドンナと瑞希の関係に変化 場面写真が一挙公開 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2202816/full/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227002613/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2202816/full/ |archive-date=2022-02-27 |access-date=2022-01-04 |website=ORICON NEWS |publisher=oricon ME}}</ref> An saki fina-finai a kan sabis na Toei Tokusatsu Fan Club (TTFC) kuma sune kafofin watsa labarai na farko da ke fitowa da wani mummunan hali a cikin ''Super Sentai'' franchise.<ref name=":1" /> A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 2020, Momotsuki ta fitar da littafin hoto na farko, mai taken Mikan (ba a kammala ba, lit. 'Ba cikakke ba') kuma Kodansha ta buga shi. Hoton littafin ya faru ne a Tsibirin Ishigaki, Okinawa, kuma taken an yi shi ne a matsayin furcin "rashin girma" da kuma homophone na "tangerine" (''mikan''), wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi da kalmomin "peach" da "pear" (''nashi'') a cikin sunanta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-01 |title=桃月なしこ、待望の1st写真集『未完』 先行カット解禁で高まる期待 |url=https://kai-you.net/article/78354 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514074521/https://kai-you.net/article/78354 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |access-date=2022-01-04 |website=KAI-YOU.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-13 |title=桃月なしこ、発売前重版のヒット写真集の秘蔵カット公開「集大成とも言える作品」 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2176736/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514074521/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2176736/ |archive-date=2022-05-14 |access-date=2022-01-04 |website=ORICON NEWS |publisher=oricon ME}}</ref> An sake buga shi sau uku kuma an sayar da fiye da 10,000 a cikin watanni 2 bayan an sake shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=桃月なしこ、写真集が3度目重版に歓喜「クリスマスプレゼントかな？」 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2180121/full/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610184316/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2180121/full/ |archive-date=2022-06-10 |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=ORICON NEWS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=桃月なしこ「写真集」5位再浮上 "衝撃裸身"収録作が累計売上1万部突破 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2182491/full/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622154906/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2182491/full/ |archive-date=2022-06-22 |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=ORICON NEWS}}</ref> Momotsuki na yau da kullun ne a tashar YouTube ta 01familia ''Zeroichi TV'' kuma shine mai karɓar bakuncin shirin farko na Duniya na kowane wata, Zeroichi Familia wa Homeraretai [ja] a kan MBS TV, dukansu sun fara ne a watan Oktoba 2021. A ranar 30 ga Maris, 2022, Momotsuki ta fitar da littafin hoto na biyu tare da taken Ingilishi ''Peachy'', ambaton sunanta da ainihin kalmar Ingilishi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-09 |title=桃月なしこ、初スタイルブックでランジェリー姿披露「私のすべてを…」 |url=https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20220309-2288777/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605152409/https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20220309-2288777/ |archive-date=2022-06-05 |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=マイナビニュース |language=ja}}</ref> Littafin zai bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwarta ta sirri, gami da hotuna na ainihin gidanta da hira da ɗan'uwanta, kuma yana nuna "ranar" tare da Gunkin Jafananci da ta fi so, {{Interlanguage link|Rin Kurisu|ja|来栖りん}} na {{Interlanguage link|26-ji no Masquerade|ja|26時のマスカレイド}} .<ref>{{Cite web |title=桃月なしこ：「私のすべてをこの一冊に」 初フォトスタイルブック「PEACHY」電子書籍化 |url=https://mantan-web.jp/article/20220531dog00m200042000c.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610051632/https://mantan-web.jp/article/20220531dog00m200042000c.html |archive-date=2022-06-10 |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=MANTANWEB（まんたんウェブ） |language=ja-JP}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=桃月なしこ「写真集」5位 見せたことないランジェリー姿に"ラブラブデート"、自宅公開まで収録 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2230858/full/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622154907/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2230858/full/ |archive-date=2022-06-22 |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=ORICON NEWS}}</ref> Littafin ya sayar da kusan 2000 a cikin makon farko.<ref name=":7" /> A wannan watan, ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin jakada ga DC Comics 'The Dawn of Superheroes' tafiya nune-nunen kuma ta fitar da filin wasa na farko don wasan baseball a Vantelin Dome Nagoya a cosplay a matsayin Supergirl . <ref>{{Cite web |last=INC |first=SANKEI DIGITAL |date=2022-03-19 |title="スーパーガール"大暴投 桃月なしこが始球式 |url=https://www.sankei.com/article/20220319-KD7XY6VLJFIDHI2F7W67MRBTPQ/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321154623/https://www.sankei.com/article/20220319-KD7XY6VLJFIDHI2F7W67MRBTPQ/ |archive-date=2022-03-21 |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=産経ニュース |language=ja}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Abubuwan da Momotsuki ke so sun haɗa da cosplay, manga, wasanni, piano, da bin kungiyoyin gumaka na [[Japan]].<ref name="famitsu20181230">{{Cite web |last=ソムタム井田 |date=2018-12-30 |title=【桃月なしこ登場!】コミケ95参加の人気コスプレイヤーたちと過ごす年末年始SP企画"ゆくコスくるコス" |url=https://www.famitsu.com/news/201812/30170087.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514074522/https://www.famitsu.com/news/201812/30170087.html |archive-date=2022-05-14 |access-date=2022-01-04 |website=ファミ通.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-21 |title=「相思相愛すぎて誰も勝てない」桃月なしこ、"推しメン"来栖りんとの親密2ショットを公開 |url=https://entamenext.com/articles/detail/5830 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508223404/https://entamenext.com/articles/detail/5830 |archive-date=2021-05-08 |access-date=2022-01-04 |website=ENTAME next |publisher=徳間書店}}</ref> Tana hannun hagu, amma tana amfani da hannunta na dama yayin rubutu da amfani da wuƙaƙe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-19 |title="スーパーガール"大暴投 桃月なしこが始球式 |url=https://www.sankei.com/article/20220319-KD7XY6VLJFIDHI2F7W67MRBTPQ/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321154623/https://www.sankei.com/article/20220319-KD7XY6VLJFIDHI2F7W67MRBTPQ/ |archive-date=2022-03-21 |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=産経新聞}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == === Fim din === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !Tabbacin. |- | rowspan="3" |2021 |''Yodonna'' |Yodonna |Matsayin jagora |<ref name=":0"/> |- |''Yodonna 2'' |Yodonna |Matsayin jagora |<ref name=":1"/> |- |''Mashin Sentai Kiramager da Ryusoulger'' |Yodonna | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2021 |title=桃月なしこ、ヨドンナ様の反響に感謝「嫌われる覚悟も」 『キラリュウ』カナロ求婚に苦笑い |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2192972/full/ |access-date=2022-07-07 |website=ORICON NEWS}}</ref> |- |2022 |''Matasa Uku a Tsakar dare: Fim ɗin'' |Mai ba da abinci | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE3名様 リモートだけじゃ無理じゃね？ |url=https://eiga.com/movie/96693/ |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |2023 |''Yodonna 3: Yodonna no Valentine'' |Yodonna |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2023 |title=ヨドンナの新たな姿「ヨドンナ・バースト」スピンオフ第3弾で変身｜シネマトゥデイ |url=https://www.cinematoday.jp/news/N0135368 |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=シネマトゥデイ |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |''Yodonna: Ƙarshe'' |Yodonna |Matsayin jagora | |- |''Matasa Uku a Tsakar dare: Fim din 2'' |Mai ba da abinci | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=映画 THE3名様Ω これってフツーに事件じゃね?! |url=https://eiga.com/movie/101672/ |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |} === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Cibiyar sadarwa !Bayani !Tabbacin. |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''{{Interlanguage link|10-jin Actor|ja|10神ACTOR}} ɗan leƙen asirin Daisakusen: Code Balikata'' |Shinon Koinaka |Talabijin Saitama |Kashi na 4 |<ref name=":8"/> |- |''Yarinyar bidiyo Mayu 2019'' |Sayaka Katō |Talabijin na Tokyo | |<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Live-Action Video Girl Ai Sequel Series Adds 11 Cast Members |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-03-27/live-action-video-girl-ai-sequel-series-adds-11-cast-members/.145071 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617100347/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-03-27/live-action-video-girl-ai-sequel-series-adds-11-cast-members/.145071 |archive-date=2022-06-17 |access-date=2022-06-17 |website=Anime News Network |language=en}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''Mashin Sentai Kiramager'' |Yodonna |Talabijin Asahi | |<ref name="テレ朝POST20200927"/> |- |''Garo: Tare da Hanyar'' |Shuka |Tokyo MX | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-01 |title=『牙狼』新作出演の桃月なしこ、100人の冷ややかな視線にさらされ「足が震えた」 (1) |url=https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20200401-1008864/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516064548/https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20200401-1008864/ |archive-date=2022-05-16 |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=マイナビニュース |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2022 |''{{Interlanguage link|Kasouken no Onna|ja|科捜研の女}}'' |Jun Kawakubo |Talabijin Asahi |Lokaci na 21, kashi na 12 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=桃月なしこ、『科捜研の女』に初出演！"ヨドンナ"で話題のコスプレイヤーが女優役に |url=https://post.tv-asahi.co.jp/post-177919/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605152410/https://post.tv-asahi.co.jp/post-177919/ |archive-date=2022-06-05 |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=テレ朝POST |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Ƙauna Bayan Mulkin Duniya'' |Ran Ran (murya) |AT-X, Tokyo MX, BS Asahi, TV AichiTalabijin na Aichi | |<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Love After World Domination Anime Casts Nashiko Momotsuki |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-12-10/love-after-world-domination-anime-casts-nashiko-momotsuki/.180501 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523131454/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-12-10/love-after-world-domination-anime-casts-nashiko-momotsuki/.180501 |archive-date=2022-05-23 |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Anime News Network |language=en}}</ref> |- |<nowiki><i id="mwAc0">Shirin gajeren lokaci</i></nowiki> |Misato Yamane |Bidiyo na farko na Amazon | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=JO1主演ドラマ「ショート・プログラム」矢作穂香、馬場ふみか、桃月なしこらヒロイン11名発表（全ヒロインコメントあり / 写真12枚） |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/465796 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215113923/https://natalie.mu/music/news/465796 |archive-date=2022-02-15 |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |''Mentsuyu Hitorimeshi 2'' |Yuzuna Motosu |BS Shochiku Tokyu | |<ref>{{Cite web |title= |script-title=ja:鞘師里保「めんつゆひとり飯2」新キャスト発表、桃月なしこが“ポン酢マスター”（コメントあり） |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/589020 |access-date=2024-12-17 |website=映画ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2024-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241220032334/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/589020 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Reiwa no San-eiketsu! (Ka sa da kumaの三英傑!) |Miho Takeda |Talabijin na Nippon | |<ref>{{Cite web |title= |script-title=ja:山本舞香主演「令和の三英傑！」に岐洲匠・関智一・桃月なしこ、平野莉玖は挿入歌も（コメントあり） |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/599504 |access-date=2024-12-17 |website=映画ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2024-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241220031926/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/599504 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} === Hotuna iri-iri === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Cibiyar sadarwa !Bayani !Tabbacin. |- |2021-yanzu |''Zeroichi Iyalin wa Homeraretai'' |Mai karɓar bakuncin |MBS TV | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZipangWEB｜地域と輝くニュースメディア〜エンタメ情報満載〜 |url=https://zipang-web.com/articles/c-c5LvwdgKyZNn67SzY83C |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211013123843/https://zipang-web.com/articles/c-c5LvwdgKyZNn67SzY83C |archive-date=2021-10-13 |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=ZipangWEB｜地域と輝くニュースメディア〜エンタメ情報満載〜 |language=ja}}</ref> |} === Gidan wasan kwaikwayo === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !Tabbacin. |- |2019 |''Ɗalibi Mai canja wuri'' |Misato Yamane | |<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=本広克行演出「転校生」キャスト決定、オーディションで選ばれた男女42人が出演（コメントあり） |url=https://natalie.mu/stage/news/332471 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610200259/https://natalie.mu/stage/news/332471 |archive-date=2022-06-10 |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=ステージナタリー |language=ja}}</ref> |- |2022 |''Anohana'' |Naruko Anjo | |<ref name=":3"/><ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=anohana Anime Gets Stage Play in February |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-12-08/anohana-anime-gets-stage-play-in-february/.180413 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617100351/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-12-08/anohana-anime-gets-stage-play-in-february/.180413 |archive-date=2022-06-17 |access-date=2022-06-17 |website=Anime News Network |language=en}}</ref> |} === Abubuwan da suka faru a Cosplay === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi (s) !Bayani !Tabbacin. |- |2017 |Niconico Chokaigi 2017 |Biyu da Biyu | |<ref name=":2"/> |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |Ready Player One Japan premiere |Chun-Li | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2018 |title=レディ・プレイヤー1：人気コスプレーヤー・桃月なしこが春麗に レッドカーペッドに叶姉妹、グラドルも |url=https://mantan-web.jp/article/20180418dog00m200054000c.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610055934/https://mantan-web.jp/article/20180418dog00m200054000c.html |archive-date=2022-06-10 |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=MANTANWEB（まんたんウェブ） |language=ja-JP}}</ref> |- |Tokyo Comic-Con 2018 |Supergirl |Har ila yau alƙali ne na gasar DC Comics cosplay |<ref name=":6"/> |} == manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5nctbh8q0lg3a8zoi92il4itf0asnsi 0 96572 892714 842920 2026-08-08T02:22:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Akindele Justina Omowunmi''' (an haife ta a watan Satumba 1, 1996), wacce aka fi sani da sunanta '''Mz Kiss''', 'yar [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ce mai raɗaɗi, mawaƙa, kuma marubuci. <ref name="TN">{{Cite web |title=Female rapper, Mz Kiss drops new album 'Street on the loose' |url=http://thenet.ng/female-rapper-mz-kiss-drops-new-album-street-on-the-loose/ |access-date=March 11, 2019 |publisher=Thenet.ng}}</ref> <ref name="VNGR">{{Cite web |date=August 29, 2014 |title=Some people go as far as wanting to kiss me —Mz Kiss |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/08/people-go-far-wanting-kiss-mz-kiss/ |access-date=March 11, 2019 |publisher=Vanguardngr.com}}</ref> <ref name="BellaNaija">{{Cite web |date=September 2, 2018 |title=Mz Kiss rocks a Silver Ensemble in Birthday Photos! |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/09/mz-kiss-rocks-silver-ensemble-birthday-photos/ |access-date=March 11, 2019 |publisher=Bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref name="NIGFilms">{{Cite web |title='Maybe Yung6ix Is Dead' – Mz Kiss Says |url=https://www.nigeriafilms.com/music-news/78-musical-news/45369-maybe-yung6ix-is-dead-mz-kiss-says |access-date=March 11, 2019 |publisher=Nigeriafilms.com |archive-date=May 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506095643/https://www.nigeriafilms.com/music-news/78-musical-news/45369-maybe-yung6ix-is-dead-mz-kiss-says |url-status=dead }}</ref> [ <ref name="BellaNG">{{Cite web |date=December 10, 2018 |title=All Eyes are on Mz Kiss as She Covers Mystreetz Magazine's Latest Issue |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/12/all-eyes-are-on-mz-kiss-as-she-covers-mystreetz-magazines-latest-issue/ |access-date=March 11, 2019 |publisher=Bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref name="36ng">{{Cite web |date=December 7, 2015 |title=Chidinma & Mz Kiss All Smiles As They Pose Together |url=https://www.36ng.ng/2015/12/07/chidinma-mz-kiss-all-smiles-as-they-pose-together/ |access-date=March 11, 2019 |publisher=36ng.ng }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2015 |title=15 Nigerian Female Rappers Who Changed The Game |url=http://woman.ng/2015/12/15-nigerian-female-rappers-who-changed-the-game/ |access-date=March 13, 2019 |publisher=Woman Nigeria |archive-date=March 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313224219/http://woman.ng/2015/12/15-nigerian-female-rappers-who-changed-the-game |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="The Point">{{Cite web |title=Capital Hills didn't drop Chidinma for me, says Mz Kiss |url=http://www.thepointng.com/capital-hills-didnt-drop-chidinma-for-me-says-mz-kiss/ |access-date=March 11, 2019 |publisher=Thepointng.com}}</ref> == Fage == An haifi Mz Kiss a ranar 1 ga Satumba 1996 a [[Okitipupa]], wani gari a [[Ondo (jiha)|karamar hukumar Ondo]], <ref name="bloomplaymusic">{{Cite web |title=Mz Kiss |url=https://www.boomplaymusic.com/BoomPlayer/#/webitem/musics?cid=12349 |access-date=March 11, 2019 |website=boomplaymusic.com |archive-date=April 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430112831/https://www.boomplaymusic.com/BoomPlayer/#/webitem/musics?cid=12349 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="SilverbirdTV">{{Cite web |title=Female Wrapper MZ Kiss Narrates Pain Behind The Fame |url=http://silverbirdtv.com/entertainment/46561/female-wrapper-mz-kiss-narrates-pain-behind-fame/ |access-date=March 11, 2019 |publisher=Silverbirdtv.com |archive-date=March 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319172118/http://silverbirdtv.com/entertainment/46561/female-wrapper-mz-kiss-narrates-pain-behind-fame/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yammacin Najeriya. Ta karanta Mass Communication. == Aikin kiɗa == A cikin 2010, Mz Kiss ta fara tafiya cikin kiɗa, <ref name="Pulse">{{Cite web |date=June 2016 |title='Enemy of progress', 'Last year' [Video] |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/mz-kiss-enemy-of-progress-last-year-video/0pg2b81 |access-date=March 11, 2019 |publisher=Pulse.ng }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ta sake sakin waƙoƙinta na farko '''You Go Craze''' a cikin 2012, '''Holla a Ni''' a cikin 2013. <ref name="AllAfrica">{{Cite web |last=Grace Kerongo |title=Kenya: Introducing Mz Kiss |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201407090375.html |access-date=March 11, 2019 |publisher=Allafrica.com}}</ref> <ref name="Notjustok">{{Cite web |last=Ovie O |title=VIDEO: Mz Kiss – Figure 8 |url=https://notjustok.com/videos/video-mz-kiss-figure-8/ |access-date=March 11, 2019 |publisher=Notjustok.com/ |archive-date=August 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809174928/https://notjustok.com/videos/video-mz-kiss-figure-8/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta saki Hoto na 8 akan Afrilu 3, 2013,<ref name="VGR">{{cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/10/maheeda-thing-mz-kiss/|title=I cannot do the 'Maheeda thing'— Mz Kiss|date=October 10, 2014|publisher=Vanguardngr.com|accessdate=March 11, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.naijapals.com/music/Figure_8_KISS-27121| title=Figure 8 – KISS (Download + Lyrics)| publisher=Woman Nigeria| date=April 4, 2013| access-date=March 13, 2019| archive-date=May 16, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516084830/http://www.naijapals.com/music/Figure_8_KISS-27121| url-status=dead}}</ref> na farko bayan rera waƙa ga Taurus Musik da Bad Dog Entertainment wanda ya sami gagarumin liyafar, ta haka ya sami sababbin filaye a cikin masana'antar. A cikin 2016, Mz Kiss an zabi shi don '''Rookie of the Year''' a The Headies 2016 edition, <ref name="headies2016">{{Cite web |title=Dice Ailes, Terry Apala, Dremo, Mayorkun & Mz. Kiss – Who Will Win The Headies 2016 Rookie of the Year Award? |url=http://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/talk-zone/dice-ailesterry-apaladremomayorkun-mz-kiss-who-will-win-the-headies-2016-rookie-of-the-year-award |access-date=March 11, 2019 |website=naijaloaded.com.ng |archive-date=November 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110185506/https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/talk-zone/dice-ailesterry-apaladremomayorkun-mz-kiss-who-will-win-the-headies-2016-rookie-of-the-year-award |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="headiesnominees">{{Cite web |date=December 29, 2016 |title=2016 Headies: Organizers Finally Announces Rookie Of The Year |url=https://tooxclusive.com/news/2016-headies-organizers-finally-announces-rookie-of-the-year/ |access-date=March 11, 2019 |website=tooxclusive.com}}</ref> <ref name="headies">{{Cite web |date=December 29, 2016 |title=Mayorkun Wins 'Rookie of the Year' Award at The Headies 2016 |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/12/mayorkun-wins-rookie-of-the-year-award-at-the-headies-2016/ |access-date=March 11, 2019 |website=bellanaija.com}}</ref> kuma an zabe shi a cikin '''Mafi kyawun Sabon Dokar''' a 2016 [[Nigeria Entertainment Awards|Nigeria Nishaɗi Awards]] . <ref name="NEA2016">{{Cite web |date=June 16, 2016 |title=Nominations are Here! Find out who Made the 2016 Nigerian Entertainment Awards Nominees List |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/nominations-are-here-find-out-who-made-the-2016-nigerian-entertainment-awards-nominees-list/ |access-date=March 11, 2019 |website=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref name="NEANEWACT">{{Cite web |date=September 5, 2016 |title=Adekunle Gold beats Ycee, Humblesmith to win 'best new act' at 2016 NEA awards |url=http://thenet.ng/adekunle-gold-beats-ycee-humblesmith-to-win-best-new-act-at-2016-nea/ |access-date=March 11, 2019 |website=thenet.ng}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Satumba, 2018, ta sami zaɓi na 1 a cikin '''Trailblazer of the Year''' category a 2018 [[Nigeria Entertainment Awards]] . <ref name="NEA2018">{{Cite web |date=September 12, 2018 |title=Wizkid, Davido, Tiwa Savage, Simi top NEA 2018 Nomination |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/09/wizkid-davido-tiwa-savage-simi-top-nea-2018-nomination-full-list/ |access-date=March 11, 2019 |website=bellanaija.com}}</ref> == Hotuna == === EP ta === * ''Titin Kan Sako'' (2016) <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2016 |title=Mz Kiss – "Street on the Loose" EP |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/new-mixtape-mz-kiss-street-on-the-loose-ep/psfex5d |access-date=March 13, 2019 |publisher=Pulse NG |archive-date=February 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204005558/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/new-mixtape-mz-kiss-street-on-the-loose-ep/psfex5d |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2016 |title=Female rapper, Mz Kiss drops new mixtape 'Street on the loose' |url=http://thenet.ng/female-rapper-mz-kiss-drops-new-mixtape-street-on-the-loose/ |access-date=March 13, 2019 |publisher=Thenet NG}}</ref> === Marasa aure === * Za ka yi hauka (2012) * Holla a Ni (2013) * Hoto 8 (2013) * Holla a Ni (2013) * Spatacuz (2014) * Owo Meta (2015) * Stopid yana nuna Falz (2015) * Shekarar data gabata (2016) * Ikilo (2016) * Maƙiyin Ci gaba (2016) * Fuji (2017) <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 20, 2017 |title=Mz Kiss features dance group Awanjo in 'Fuji' video |url=http://thenet.ng/mz-kiss-features-dance-group-awanjo-fuji-video/}}</ref> * Ijo (2017) * Wawu (2017) <ref name="Mz Kiss Wawu">{{Cite web |date=July 9, 2017 |title=New Video: Mz Kiss – Wawu |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/07/new-video-mz-kiss-wawu/ |access-date=March 11, 2019 |publisher=Bellanaija.com}}</ref> * Sannu a hankali (2017) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Read Latest News, Breaking Stories & Headlines on Okay.ng |url=https://www.okay.ng/music-mz-kiss-slow-down/ }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Merule <small>(wanda ke nuna [[Slim Case]] ) (Tiwezi ne ya samar) (2018)</small> * Gbewa (2018) <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2018 |title=Mz Kiss – "Gbewa" « tooXclusive |url=https://tooxclusive.com/download-mp3/mz-kiss-gbewa-new-song/ }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Igara (2018) * Braaa (2019) <ref name="Mz Kiss -Braaa">{{Cite web |date=February 20, 2019 |title=New Music: Mz Kiss – BRAAA |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/02/new-music-mz-kiss-braaa/ |access-date=March 11, 2019 |publisher=Bellanaija.com}}</ref> * Farkawa Matasa (2019) <ref>https://latestnews.ng/mz-kiss-youth-wake-up-music/ {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Kamar yadda mai zane ya fito ! Shekara ! Take ! Album |- | rowspan="4" | 2016 | " Korra Obidi " <small>(Kilibe featuring Mz Kiss)</small> | Mara album guda |- | "Koshi" <small>(Dah Ray featuring Mz Kiss)</small> | ''Mara album guda'' |- | "Ma Lo Ro" <small>(TobyGrey featuring Mz Kiss)</small> | ''Mara album guda'' |- | "Sade" <small>(Stars featuring Mz Kiss)</small> | ''Mara album guda'' |- | rowspan="4" | 2017 | "Ba zan tafi Babu Lokaci" <small>(Pepenazi featuring Lucy Q, Phlow & Mz Kiss)</small> |- | "Lambar Daya" <small>(Jenny.O da ke nuna Mayorkun, Dremo & Mz Kizz)</small> |- | "Ba Ni Ƙaunarku" <small>(Flosha featuring Mz Kiss)</small> |- | "Hustle & Pray" <small>( [[Lamboginny]] featuring Mz Kiss)</small> |- | rowspan="8" | 2018 | "Bayyana Rap" <small>(VJ Adams yana nuna Ice Prince, Vector, Sound Sultan, MI & Mz Kiss)</small> |- | "Ya Shapranpran 2.0" <small>(TeeBlaQ featuring Trod & Mz Kiss)</small> |- | "Shempe" <small>(DJ Xclusive yana nuna Slimcase & Mz Kiss)</small> |- | "ShoTiwa Online" <small>(Active Donsun featuring Mz Kiss)</small> |- | "Move" <small>(G Money yana nuna Mz Kiss & Small Doctor)</small> |- | "O Sha Pran Pran 2.0" <small>(TeeBlaq featuring Mz Kiss & T-Rod)</small> |- | "Chase" <small>(Stackz yana nuna Mz Kiss)</small> |- | "Ji Masun" <small>(DJ Faze featuring Mz Kiss & Sound Sultan)</small> |- | rowspan="1" | 2019 | "Jaiye" <small>(KAJ featuring Mz Kiss)</small> |- |} == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Bikin bayar da kyaututtuka ! Kyauta ! Aikin da aka zaɓa/Mai karɓa ! Sakamako ! Ref |- | 2018 | [[Nigeria Entertainment Awards]] | Trailblazer na Shekara | "Kanta"|{{Nom}} | <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 13, 2018 |title=Duncan Mighty Nominated for the 2018 Nigerian Entertainment Awards |url=https://guardian.ng/life/duncan-mighty-nominated-for-the-2018-nigerian-entertainment-awards/ |access-date=March 11, 2019 |website=[[Guardian NG]]}}</ref> |- | 2016 | Headies 2016 | Kyautar Gwarzon Shekara | "Kanta"|{{Nom}} | <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 30, 2016 |title=Mayorkun Wins Rookie of the Year Awards in 2016 Headies |url=https://www.nigeriafilms.com/music-news/78-musical-news/43673-mayorkun-wins-rookie-of-the-year-awards-in-2016-headies |access-date=March 11, 2019 |website=[[nigeriafilms]] }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | 2016 | [[Nigeria Entertainment Awards]] | Sabuwar Dokar Mafi Kyau | "Kanta"|{{Nom}} | <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2016 |title=Stonebwoy, Shatta Wale, Abraham Attah, Sarkodie, others nominated |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/nigeria-entertainment-awards-2016-stonebwoy-shatta-wale-abraham-attah-sarkodie-others/np5ddf8 |access-date=March 11, 2019 |website=[[pulse]]}}</ref> |} == Magana == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] ekr4q2lkunno34pyi14f5wkjpjn24nt 3 97923 892611 606830 2026-08-07T15:02:30Z Adavyd 5693 Adavyd moved page [[Tattaunawar user:Incall]] to [[Tattaunawar user:Ch]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Incall|Incall]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Ch|Ch]]" 606830 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Incall! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Incall|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 27 ga Maris, 2025 (UTC) tpmrwqhy1ijsqte0kept3v3bkb7ycbl 0 98482 892734 610705 2026-08-08T04:37:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nivine El-Kabbag''' (an haife ta a ranar 10 ga watan Nuwamba 1965) 'yar siyasar ƙasar Masar ce kuma Ministar Haɗin kai na yanzu tun a watan Disamba 2019, ta gaji Minista Ghada Waly. <ref>{{Cite web |title=وزارة التضامن الإجتماعى تفاصيل الإعلان |url=https://www.moss.gov.eg/ar-eg/Pages/advert-details.aspx?AdID=18 |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=www.moss.gov.eg |archive-date=2022-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130131344/https://www.moss.gov.eg/ar-eg/Pages/advert-details.aspx?AdID=18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=ننشر السيرة الذاتية لنيفين القباج نائب وزير التضامن للحماية الاجتماعية |url=https://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/1969596.aspx |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=بوابة الأهرام |language=ar}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=البدوي |first=محمود |date=2019-12-22 |title="التضامن الاجتماعي" تنشر السيرة الذاتية للوزيرة الجديدة نيفين القباج |url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/4495573 |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=الوطن |language=ar}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Social Solidarity launches integrated electronic system for civil society organisations in Egypt - Society - Egypt |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/2/482517/Egypt/Society/Ministry-of-Social-Solidarity-launches-integrated-.aspx |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=Ahram Online}}</ref> Kafin naɗa El-Kabbag ta taɓa zama mataimakiyar ministan haɗin kai na kare al'umma sannan kuma mataimakiyar haɗin kai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-22 |title=Niveen Al-Qabbaj who pledged to back poor, women becomes solidarity minister |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/78951/Niveen-Al-Qabbaj-who-pledged-to-back-poor-women-becomes |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=EgyptToday}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] rv60casrncbdijk87c9bc82ef8akl2x 0 98645 892895 823769 2026-08-08T10:30:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patience Pomary''' (an Haife ta a ranar 14 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1940) 'yar siyasar ƙasar Ghana ce kuma ƴar kasuwa. Ta kasance ‘yar majalisa mai wakiltar mazaɓar Hohoe ta Arewa a [[yankin Volta]] na [[Ghana]] kuma mace ɗaya tilo a majalisar wakilai daga yankin Volta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs - List of 2013 - 2017 (6th Parliament) MPs |url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps-by-year-group/index.php?group=2463 |access-date=2021-02-13 |website=GhanaMps. |archive-date=2020-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803144702/http://www.ghanamps.com/mps-by-year-group/index.php?group=2463 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-08-21 |title=Rawlings gifts former MP car - GOB NEWS % |url=https://gobnewsonline.com/2019/08/21/rawlings-gifts-former-mp-car/ |access-date=2021-02-17 |website=GOB NEWS |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Patience Pomary a ranar 14 ga watan Yuli, 1940. Ta halarci Seddoh Business Commercial College inda ta sami Diploma a Turanci, Shorthand da kuma Typing. == Sana'a == A cikin shekarar 1970s, Pomary ta koma Hohoe a matsayin ma'aikacinyar Hukumar Kasuwancin Cocoa Ghana. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Rawlings Dash Former Hohoe North MP A Car |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/951210/rawlings-dash-former-hohoe-north-mp-a.html |access-date=2021-02-17 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> Pomary tsohuwar 'yar majalisa ce ta farko a jamhuriya ta huɗu ta Ghana daga watan Janairu 1993 zuwa watan Janairu 1997, 'yar kasuwa ce. == Siyasa == Pomary ta tsunduma cikin harkokin siyasa a lokacin juyin-juya hali a Ghana, kuma ta kasance wani ɓangare na majalisar wakilai da ta tsara [https://books.google.com/books?id=R3QNAQAAIAAJ&q=1992+constitution+of+ghana kundin tsarin mulkin Ghana na 1992.] Kazalika mamba a kungiyar mata ta 31 ga watan Disamba a Ghana. A shekarar 1991, a lokacin zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress, ta yi nasara a kan maza biyu masu adawa da su wakilci mazaɓar Hohoe ta Arewa. An fara zaɓen Pomary ne a lokacin zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokokin Ghana a shekarar 1992 kan tikitin jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress, Ta yi aiki na wa'adi ɗaya a majalisa. <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":2"/> Ta rasa kujerar ne a babban zaɓen ƙasar Ghana na shekarar 1996 a hannun [[Nathaniel Kwadzo Aduadjoe]] wanda ya lashe zaɓen jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress da kuri'u 39,008 wanda ya samu kashi 62.80% na kaso 62.80% bayan da ta doke Stanley Tsaku Harker na jam'iyyar People's National Convention (PNC) wanda ya samu kuri'u 4,264 na kashi 6;90. Anthony Akoto-Ampaw na jam'iyyar Convention People's Party (CPP) wanda ya samu kuri'u 3,740 wanda ke da kashi 6.00% na kaso 6.00 da Ray Kakrabah-Quarshie na New Patriotic Party (NPP) wanda ya samu kuri'u 2,752 wanda ya nuna kashi 4.40% na kason. <ref>{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=Ghana Election 1996 Results - Hohoe Constituency |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/volta/196/index.php |access-date=2021-02-13 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM |archive-date=2024-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127042423/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/volta/196/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=Ghana Election 1992 Results - Hohoe Constituency |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1992/volta/196/index.php |access-date=2021-02-13 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM |archive-date=2023-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721053013/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1992/volta/196/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 2019, tsohon shugaban ƙasar [[Jerry Rawlings|Jerry John Rawlings]] ya baiwa madam Pomary sabuwar mota, ta nuna godiyarta ga tsohon shugaban ƙasar bisa goyon bayan da ya nuna mata, inda ta bayyana cewa wannan karimcin ya cika ta. Tsohon shugaban ƙasar ya ce : << Jajircewar Madam Pomary da sadaukar da kai ga jama'arta abin yabawa ne kwarai da gaske kuma ta bayyana fatan mutanen da suka sadaukar da rayuwarsu don amfanin al'ummarsu da ƙasarsu za su gane da nasu domin karfafawa wasu >>. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-21 |title=Rawlings gives former NDC MP brand new vehicle |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/rawlings-gives-former-ndc-mp-brand-new-vehicle/bxkjtlw |access-date=2021-02-13 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ita [[Kiristanci|Kirista ce]]. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] 4b5vey80g1ocnyblp7st0ya33pivfqd 0 99023 892727 612809 2026-08-08T04:08:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jb8HQqqM1JM|title=Ncuti & Kedar from Sex Education Interview Each Other|work=Between 2 Favs|publisher=Netflix|date=25 January 2020|access-date=28 January 2020|archive-date=2 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602082507/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jb8HQqqM1JM|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |title=Sex Education: Thirst Trap 101 |url=https://www.imdb.com/video/vi1333509401/ |publisher=IMDb |accessdate=9 May 2022 |archive-date=9 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509182641/https://www.imdb.com/video/vi1333509401/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrqQIAYRz_4|title=10 Things Doctor Who's Ncuti Gatwa Can't Live Without {{!}} 10 Essentials|work=British GQ|date=20 November 2023|access-date=18 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Zorc|first1=R. David|last2=Nibagwire|first2=Louise|year=2007|title=Kinyarwanda and Kirundi Comparative Grammar|location=Hyattsville, Maryland|publisher=Dunwoody Press|page=47|isbn=978-1-931546-32-4}}</ref> an haife shi 15 Oktoba 1992) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Rwanda da <ref> name="TNS">{{Cite web |last=Jane McLeod |date=9 May 2022 |title=Who is Ncuti Gatwa? Meet the Rwandan-Scottish actor taking over as Doctor Who |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/20124252.ncuti-gatwa-meet-rwandan-scottish-actor-taking-doctor/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509101549/https://www.thenational.scot/news/20124252.ncuti-gatwa-meet-rwandan-scottish-actor-taking-doctor/ |archive-date=9 May 2022 |access-date=20 November 2022 |publisher=[[The National (Scotland)]]}}</ref> Da ya fara aikinsa a kan mataki a [[HOME (Manchester)|Gida]] wasan kwaikwayo na Dundee Repertory, ya kasance wanda aka zaba don [[Ian Charleson Award|Kyautar Ian Charleson]] don aikinsa a matsayin [[Mercutio]] a cikin samar da ''[[Romeo & Juliet]]'' a HOME a shekarar 2014. Gatwa ta nuna [[Breakthrough role|ci gaba]] allo ya zo yana nuna Eric Effiong a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Netflix Sex Education (2019-2023). Ya taka rawar gani a fim din ''[[Barbie (film)|Barbie]]'' (2023) da kuma jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Masters of the Air (2024), kuma ya kara shahara a matsayin mutum na goma sha biyar na Doctor a cikin jerin labaran kimiyya na BBC Doctor Who tun 2023. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Mizero Ncuti Gatwa a Nyarugenge, [[Kigali]], [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], a ranar 15 ga Oktoba 1992.   Mahaifinsa, Tharcisse Gatwa, daga Gundumar Karongi ta Rwanda, ɗan jarida ne.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gatwa |first=Tharcisse |date=25 March 2009 |title=Victims or Guilty? |journal=International Review of Mission |publisher=World Council of Churches |volume=88 |issue=351 |pages=347–363 |doi=10.1111/j.1758-6631.1999.tb00164.x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2019 |title=Ncuti Gatwa, Umunyarwanda wihagazeho muri filime 'Sex Education' yaciye ibintu kuri Netflix |url=http://isimbi.rw/sinema/article/ncuti-gatwa-umunyarwanda-wihagazeho-muri-filime-sex-education-yaciye-ibintu-kuri-netflix |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719125526/http://isimbi.rw/sinema/article/ncuti-gatwa-umunyarwanda-wihagazeho-muri-filime-sex-education-yaciye-ibintu-kuri-netflix |archive-date=19 July 2019 |access-date=19 July 2019 |publisher=Isimbi.rw |language=Nyanja}}</ref> Iyalin Gatwa sun tsere daga Rwanda a lokacin kisan kare dangi na 1994 a kan Tutsi kuma sun zauna a Scotland.<ref> name="Scottish">{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Black and Scottish — 'I thought I was the only black person in the world' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/4bf7LlCc20QDcd2r0PYGC0c/black-and-scottish-i-thought-i-was-the-only-black-person-in-the-world |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712235729/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/4bf7LlCc20QDcd2r0PYGC0c/black-and-scottish-i-thought-i-was-the-only-black-person-in-the-world |archive-date=12 July 2022 |access-date=8 August 2022 |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref> name="TNS">{{Cite web |last=Jane McLeod |date=9 May 2022 |title=Who is Ncuti Gatwa? Meet the Rwandan-Scottish actor taking over as Doctor Who |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/20124252.ncuti-gatwa-meet-rwandan-scottish-actor-taking-doctor/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509101549/https://www.thenational.scot/news/20124252.ncuti-gatwa-meet-rwandan-scottish-actor-taking-doctor/ |archive-date=9 May 2022 |access-date=20 November 2022 |publisher=[[The National (Scotland)]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFJane_McLeod2022">Jane McLeod (9 May 2022). [https://www.thenational.scot/news/20124252.ncuti-gatwa-meet-rwandan-scottish-actor-taking-doctor/ "Who is Ncuti Gatwa? Meet the Rwandan-Scottish actor taking over as Doctor Who"]. [[The National (Scotland)]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220509101549/https://www.thenational.scot/news/20124252.ncuti-gatwa-meet-rwandan-scottish-actor-taking-doctor/ Archived] from the original on 9 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Sun zauna a Oxgangs a Edinburgh, kuma sun koma Dunfermline lokacin da yake dan shekara 15.<ref> name="Greenwood-2023">{{Cite web |last=Greenwood |first=Douglas |date=8 November 2023 |title=Ncuti Gatwa Rising |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ncuti-gatwa-interview-2023 |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=[[British GQ]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Gatwa ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Boroughmuir da Makarantar Sakandare ta Dunfermline kafin ta koma [[Glasgow]] don yin karatu a Royal Conservatoire na Scotland, ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a cikin wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ncuti Gatwa |url=https://www.dundeerep.co.uk/person/ncuti-gatwa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022150135/https://dundeerep.co.uk/person/ncuti-gatwa |archive-date=22 October 2020 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Dundee Rep Theatre}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BA Acting Showcase Class of 2013 |url=https://www.rcs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/BA_Acting_Showcase_Brochure_2013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116050012/https://www.rcs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/BA_Acting_Showcase_Brochure_2013.pdf |archive-date=16 January 2019 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Royal Conservatoire of Scotland}}</ref> Yayinda yake karatu, ya yi aiki a kulob din LGBTQ + The Polo Lounge, yana ba da takardu kuma daga baya ya zama mai rawa.<ref name="Greenwood-2023" /> Conservatoire ta ba shi digiri na girmamawa a bikin kammala karatun 2022.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Webster |first=Laura |date=7 July 2022 |title=New Doctor Who star Ncuti Gatwa back in Glasgow to collect honorary degree |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/20264440.new-doctor-star-ncuti-gatwa-back-glasgow-collect-honorary-degree/ |url-status=live |journal=The National |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707190503/https://www.thenational.scot/news/20264440.new-doctor-star-ncuti-gatwa-back-glasgow-collect-honorary-degree/ |archive-date=7 July 2022 |access-date=9 July 2022}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === 2013-2021: Ayyukan farko da ci gaba tare da ''Ilimin Jima'i'' === [[Fayil:Ncuti_Gatwa,_Jan_2019_on_MTV_International_01.jpg|thumb|Gatwa a cikin 2019]] Bayan kammala karatunsa, an ba Gatwa matsayi a cikin shirin kammala karatun Dundee Repertory Theatre inda ya yi wasan kwaikwayo da yawa ciki har da Victoria na David Greig. A wannan lokacin, baƙi uku ne suka kai wa Gatwa hari a kan titi wadanda suka karye wutsiyarsa; an gyara wannan da titanium. Ya taka rawar gani a cikin sitcom na 2014 Bob Servant, wanda aka kuma saita kuma aka yi fim a Dundee. A cikin 2014, Gatwa ya sami yabo a Ian Charleson Awards don wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi na 2014 na Mercutio a Romeo da Juliet a Home, Manchester . A shekara ta 2015, ya bayyana a cikin rawar da ya taka a cikin Miniserie ''Stonemouth'', karbuwa da littafin 2012 na wannan sunan. <ref> name="Review-2019">{{Cite web |date=3 December 2019 |title=Educating Ncuti |url=https://www.rcs.ac.uk/review/educating-ncuti-gatwa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219002449/https://www.rcs.ac.uk/review/educating-ncuti-gatwa/ |archive-date=19 December 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=Review |language=en}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya yi aiki a cikin Kneehigh Theatre's production of 946: The Amazing Story of Adolphus Tips, wanda aka daidaita daga Michael Morpurgo's The Amazing Story and Adolphus tips, game da Babban maimaitawa don saukowar D-Day a 1944 wanda ya haifar da mutuwar mutane da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2015 |title=946 review – Kneehigh's D-day drama brings cats and razzmatazz |url=http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2015/aug/05/946-kneehigh-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116014741/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2015/aug/05/946-kneehigh-review |archive-date=16 January 2021 |access-date=13 January 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Gatwa ya buga Demetrius a cikin samar da A Midsummer Night's Dream a Shakespeare's Globe wanda Emma Rice ta jagoranta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Midsummer Night's Dream (2016) |url=https://player.shakespearesglobe.com/productions/a-midsummer-nights-dream-2016/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508162830/https://player.shakespearesglobe.com/productions/a-midsummer-nights-dream-2016/ |archive-date=8 May 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |website=player.shakespearesglobe.com}}</ref><ref> name="CBrown">{{Cite web |title=Ncuti Gatwa – Curtis Brown |url=https://www.curtisbrown.co.uk/client/ncuti-gatwa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508120546/https://www.curtisbrown.co.uk/client/ncuti-gatwa |archive-date=8 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2018, an jefa Gatwa a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na [[Netflix]] na Jima'i a matsayin Eric Effiong; <ref name="BBCBobServant">{{Cite web |title=BBC One – Bob Servant, Series 2, The Van |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04tmjcd |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607002649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04tmjcd |archive-date=7 June 2021 |access-date=6 June 2021 |publisher=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> an saki wasan kwaikwayon a cikin shekara ta 2019 kuma ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sex Education: Season 1 |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/sex_education/s01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523214512/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/sex_education/s01/ |archive-date=23 May 2019 |access-date=15 January 2019 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher=[[Fandango Media|Fandango]]}}</ref> Watanni biyar kafin wannan jefawa, ya kasance ba shi da gida bayan ya ƙare ajiya, kuma yana da sofa surfing.<ref> name="TNS">{{Cite web |last=Jane McLeod |date=9 May 2022 |title=Who is Ncuti Gatwa? Meet the Rwandan-Scottish actor taking over as Doctor Who |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/20124252.ncuti-gatwa-meet-rwandan-scottish-actor-taking-doctor/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509101549/https://www.thenational.scot/news/20124252.ncuti-gatwa-meet-rwandan-scottish-actor-taking-doctor/ |archive-date=9 May 2022 |access-date=20 November 2022 |publisher=[[The National (Scotland)]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFJane_McLeod2022">Jane McLeod (9 May 2022). [https://www.thenational.scot/news/20124252.ncuti-gatwa-meet-rwandan-scottish-actor-taking-doctor/ "Who is Ncuti Gatwa? Meet the Rwandan-Scottish actor taking over as Doctor Who"]. [[The National (Scotland)]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220509101549/https://www.thenational.scot/news/20124252.ncuti-gatwa-meet-rwandan-scottish-actor-taking-doctor/ Archived] from the original on 9 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McLoughlin |first=Lisa |date=2 February 2023 |title=Doctor Who's Ncuti Gatwa shows off new London pad, having battled homelessness |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/doctor-who-star-ncuti-gatwa-shows-off-new-london-home-homelessness-b1057395.html |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=[[Evening Standard]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Harris-2020">{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Hunter |date=20 January 2020 |title=Ncuti Gatwa Is Such a Libra |url=https://www.vulture.com/2020/01/ncuti-gatwa-sex-education-season-2.html |access-date=19 November 2023 |website=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] |language=en}}</ref> Gatwa ya sami yabo saboda yadda ya nuna Eric daga masu sukar, musamman ga yadda ba a sake mayar da halinsa ga "gay ko baki mafi kyawun abokin fata".<ref name="vulture" /><ref name="dazed" /> Ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa don rawar, ciki har da lambar yabo ta BAFTA Scotland don Mafi kyawun Actor a Talabijin a cikin 2020, da kuma gabatarwa uku na BAFTA Television Award don Mafi kyawun Maza Comedy Performance, ɗaya a cikin 2020, 2021 da 2022 a jere.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2021 |title=BAFTA TV 2021: Nominations for the Virgin Media British Academy Television Awards and British Academy Television Craft Awards |url=https://www.bafta.org/television/awards/tv-2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605134128/https://www.bafta.org/television/awards/tv-2021 |archive-date=5 June 2021 |access-date=28 April 2021 |publisher=[[BAFTA]]}}</ref> === 2022-ya zuwa yanzu: Doctor Who da tashi zuwa shahararren === [[Fayil:Ncuti_Gatwa_3_cropped.png|thumb|Gatwa a matsayin Dokta na goma sha biyar a cikin 2024.]] == Rayuwa ta mutum == Gatwa ya fito a fili a matsayin mai son kai a cikin wata hira da aka yi da ''Ita ce'' watan Agustan 2023 tare da mujallar Elle, bayan da ya guje wa tattauna batun jima'i, duk da shahararrun hasashe, saboda "tsaronsa da lafiyar kwakwalwa". <ref> name="Mahanty-2023">{{Cite web |last=Mahanty |first=Shannon |date=30 August 2023 |title=ELLE Style Awards: Ncuti Gatwa Is The Modern Pioneer |url=https://www.elle.com/uk/life-and-culture/a44827957/ncuti-gatwa-interview-elle-style-awards/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831203851/https://www.elle.com/uk/life-and-culture/a44827957/ncuti-gatwa-interview-elle-style-awards/ |archive-date=31 August 2023 |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Riedel |first=Samantha |date=31 August 2023 |title='Sex Education' Star Ncuti Gatwa Has Come Out As Queer |url=https://www.them.us/story/ncuti-gatwa-coming-out |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831203852/https://www.them.us/story/ncuti-gatwa-coming-out |archive-date=31 August 2023 |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=[[Them (website)|Them]] |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin hira, Gatwa ya lura cewa ya fi so kada ya lakafta kansa, kuma aikinsa a kan ''Ilimin Jima'i'' da kuma gamuwa da wata mace ta Rwanda a Manchester Pride wasu shekaru da suka gabata, bayan "ba ta sadu da wani mutumin Rwanda ba a baya ba".<ref> name="Lewis-2023">{{Cite web |last=Lewis |first=Isobel |date=8 November 2023 |title=Ncuti Gatwa addresses 'confusing' sexuality comments |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/ncuti-gatwa-sexuality-queer-come-out-b2443818.html |access-date=19 November 2023 |website=[[The Independent]] |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya ya bayyana cewa "ba ya taɓa kasancewa a cikin ɗaki ba, ka sani. Ba ni taɓa magana game da shi ba. Aikin da nake yi shi ne abin da ke da muhimmanci".<ref name="Greenwood-2023">{{Cite web |last=Greenwood |first=Douglas |date=8 November 2023 |title=Ncuti Gatwa Rising |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ncuti-gatwa-interview-2023 |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=[[British GQ]] |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGreenwood2023">Greenwood, Douglas (8 November 2023). [https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ncuti-gatwa-interview-2023 "Ncuti Gatwa Rising"]. ''[[British GQ]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Lewis-2023" /> A cikin 2024, Gatwa ya amsa wasu maganganu game da jefa kansa a cikin Doctor Who saboda tserensa, yana mai cewa "Akwai yawan fararen matsakaici da ke yin bikin, kuma baƙar fata, dole ne mu kasance cikakke ba tare da lahani ba don samun rabin [wannan]. Don haka, ina sannu a hankali horar da kaina daga wannan kuma ina kamar, 'Babu komai.' Kuna cancanci ƙauna kawai don wanzuwarmu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Riedel |first=Samantha |date=18 April 2024 |title='Doctor Who' Star Ncuti Gatwa Denounced U.K. Politicians for "Openly Attacking" Trans People |url=https://www.them.us/story/doctor-who-ncuti-gatwa-denounced-uk-politicians-attacking-trans-people |website=[[Them (website)|Them]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Haring |first=Bruce |date=20 April 2024 |title='Doctor Who' Star Ncuti Gatwa Complains That "White Mediocrity" Is Celebrated While Black People Struggle To Get Half That |url=https://deadline.com/2024/04/doctor-who-star-ncuti-gatwa-complains-about-white-mediocrity-1235890889/ |access-date=27 December 2024 |website=[[Deadline (website)|Deadline]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=21 April 2024 |title=Ncuti Gatwa Says While 'White Mediocrity' Gets Celebrated, Black People Must Be "Flawless" to Get Half That |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/ncuti-gatwa-complains-white-mediocrity-celebrated-1235878397/ |access-date=27 December 2024 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en-US}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim din === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |2019 |''Tarihi mai ban tsoro: Fim din - Rotten Romans'' |Timidius | |- |2021 |''Wasika ta Ƙarshe daga Ƙaunarka'' |Nick | |- |2023 |''Barbie'' |Mai zane Ken | |- |2025 |''Roses'' | |Fim |} === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Taken ! scope="col" |Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |2014 |''Bob Bawan'' |Abokin Ciniki na Maza |Fim: "The Van" | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2022 |title=Ncuti Gatwa: A Timelord making history |url=https://rts.org.uk/article/ncuti-gatwa-timelord-making-history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219002450/https://rts.org.uk/article/ncuti-gatwa-timelord-making-history |archive-date=19 December 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=Royal Television Society |language=en}}</ref> |- |2015 |''Stonemouth'' |Rashin ƙarfi |Abubuwa 2 | style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Review-2019">{{Cite web |date=3 December 2019 |title=Educating Ncuti |url=https://www.rcs.ac.uk/review/educating-ncuti-gatwa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219002449/https://www.rcs.ac.uk/review/educating-ncuti-gatwa/ |archive-date=19 December 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=Review |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.rcs.ac.uk/review/educating-ncuti-gatwa/ "Educating Ncuti"]. ''Review''. 3 December 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221219002449/https://www.rcs.ac.uk/review/educating-ncuti-gatwa/ Archived] from the original on 19 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> |- |2019–2023 |''Ilimin Jima'i'' |Eric Effiong |Babban rawar, aukuwa 32 | style="text-align: center;" | |- |2023 |''Wani Kasuwanci a sararin samaniya da lokaci'' | rowspan="2" |Dokta na goma sha biyar |Bayyanar Cameo; sake gyara fim din 2013 | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor Who's Ncuti Gatwa appears in revamped An Adventure in Space and Time |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-ncuti-gatwa-adventure-space-time-newsupdate/ |access-date=23 November 2023 |website=Radio Times |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |2023-ya zuwa yanzu |''Dokta Wanene'' |Matsayin jagora | style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Belam-2022">{{Cite web |last=Belam |first=Martin |date=8 May 2022 |title=Doctor Who: Ncuti Gatwa to replace Jodie Whittaker, BBC announces |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/may/08/doctor-who-ncuti-gatwa-to-replace-jodie-whittaker-bbc-announces |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508114940/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/may/08/doctor-who-ncuti-gatwa-to-replace-jodie-whittaker-bbc-announces |archive-date=8 May 2022 |access-date=9 May 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |''Masters na Air'' |Lt. Robert Daniels na biyu |Ministoci | style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="CBrown">{{Cite web |title=Ncuti Gatwa – Curtis Brown |url=https://www.curtisbrown.co.uk/client/ncuti-gatwa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508120546/https://www.curtisbrown.co.uk/client/ncuti-gatwa |archive-date=8 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.curtisbrown.co.uk/client/ncuti-gatwa "Ncuti Gatwa – Curtis Brown"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220508120546/https://www.curtisbrown.co.uk/client/ncuti-gatwa Archived] from the original on 8 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> |- |''Labaran TARDIS'' | rowspan="2" |Dokta na goma sha biyar |Fim: "Pyramids na Mars" | |- |Labaran BBC |Fim: "Doctor Who a Proms" | |} === Mataki === {| class="wikitable plain sortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Taken ! scope="col" |Matsayi !Wurin da ake ciki ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- | rowspan="3" |2013 |''Victoria'' |Gavin / Callum / Patrick | rowspan="5" |Dundee Rep | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2013 |title=Theatre review: Victoria, Dundee Rep |url=https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/theatre-and-stage/theatre-review-victoria-dundee-rep-1561945 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508130941/https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/theatre-and-stage/theatre-review-victoria-dundee-rep-1561945 |archive-date=8 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |''Hecuba'' |Polydorus | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2013 |title=Hecuba Dundee Rep |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/life_style/arts_ents/13128158.hecuba-dundee-rep/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521100244/https://www.heraldscotland.com/life_style/arts_ents/13128158.hecuba-dundee-rep/ |archive-date=21 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |''BFG'' |Sam / Shugaban Sojoji / Mai shayarwa | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The BFG |url=https://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/kids-show/the-bfg/L3693324/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012124626/https://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/kids-show/the-bfg/L3693324/ |archive-date=12 October 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2014 |''Sa'an nan kuma Babu'' |Anthony James Marston | style="text-align: center;" | |- |''Motoci da Yara'' |Robert | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2014 |title=Cars and Boys review – A dreamlike play that never ceases to grip |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2014/apr/22/cars-and-boys-review-dundee-rep-theatre |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515092408/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2014/apr/22/cars-and-boys-review-dundee-rep-theatre |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> |- |''Mata a Zuciya'' |Tony |Dundee Rep / Birmingham Rep | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Photo Flash: First Look at Birmingham Repertory Theatre's WOMAN IN MIND, Opening Tonight |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/uk-regional/article/Photo-Flash-First-Look-at-Birmingham-Repertory-Theatres-WOMAN-IN-MIND-Opening-Tonight-20140617 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515092410/https://www.broadwayworld.com/uk-regional/article/Photo-Flash-First-Look-at-Birmingham-Repertory-Theatres-WOMAN-IN-MIND-Opening-Tonight-20140617 |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |''Romeo &amp;amp; Juliet'' |Mercutio |Gida | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2014 |title=Review: Romeo & Juliet @ Victoria Baths |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/arts-culture-news/review-romeo--juliet--7790584 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515092408/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/arts-culture-news/review-romeo--juliet--7790584 |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Shakespeare a cikin soyayya'' |Wabash |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Noël Coward | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Cast to Take Over in West End's Shakespeare in Love |url=https://playbill.com/article/new-cast-to-take-over-in-west-ends-shakespeare-in-love-com-336716 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515092408/https://playbill.com/article/new-cast-to-take-over-in-west-ends-shakespeare-in-love-com-336716 |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |''Lines'' |Valentin |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Yard | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lines Review, Yard Theatre |url=https://www.culturewhisper.com/r/theatre/preview/5417 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012124630/https://www.culturewhisper.com/r/theatre/preview/5417 |archive-date=12 October 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=Culture Whisper}}</ref> |- |2015–2017 |''946: Labari Mai ban mamaki na Adolphus Tips'' |Adolphus | rowspan="2" |Shakespeare's Globe | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2016 |title='946: The Amazing Story of Adolphus Tips' at Berkeley Rep |url=https://www.berkeleyside.org/2016/12/12/946-the-amazing-story-of-adolphus-tips-at-berkeley-rep |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523141608/https://www.berkeleyside.org/2016/12/12/946-the-amazing-story-of-adolphus-tips-at-berkeley-rep |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |2016 |''Mafarki na Dare na Tsakiyar'' |Demetrius | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=SHAKESPEARE, W.: Midsummer Night's Dream (A) (Shakespeare's Globe, 2016) (NTSC) |url=https://www.naxos.com/catalogue/item.asp?item_code=OA1183D |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515092408/https://www.naxos.com/catalogue/item.asp?item_code=OA1183D |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |2017 |''Matsala a Zuciya'' |John Nevins |Gidan bugawa a Coronet | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2017 |title=Trouble in Mind, The Print Room review – Tanya Moodie is a treat to watch |url=https://theartsdesk.com/theatre/trouble-mind-print-room-review-tanya-moodie-treat-watch |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012124625/https://theartsdesk.com/theatre/trouble-mind-print-room-review-tanya-moodie-treat-watch |archive-date=12 October 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |2017–2018 |''Da'awar'' |Serge |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Crucible | style="text-align: center;" | |- |2018 |''Abokan hamayya'' |Kyaftin Jack Absolute |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Watermill | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rivals |url=https://jonathanhumphreys.com/The-Rivals |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528100528/https://jonathanhumphreys.com/The-Rivals |archive-date=28 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=jonathanhumphreys.com}}</ref> |- |2024–2025 |''Muhimmancin Kasancewa Mai Ƙauna'' |Algernon Moncrief |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lyttelton, Gidan wasan kwaikwayon Kasa, London | style="text-align: center;" | |- |2025 |''An haife shi da hakora'' |Christopher Marlowe |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Wyndham |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Born With Teeth {{!}} About the Play {{!}} Royal Shakespeare Company |url=https://www.rsc.org.uk/born-with-teeth |access-date=2025-04-11 |website=www.rsc.org.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon ! class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |2014 |Kyautar Ian Charleson |Mafi kyawun Aiki a Wasan |''Romeo &amp;amp; Juliet''|{{Nom}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ncuti Gatwa {{!}} BBA Shakespeare |url=https://bbashakespeare.warwick.ac.uk/people/ncuti-gatwa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221122721/https://bbashakespeare.warwick.ac.uk/people/ncuti-gatwa |archive-date=21 December 2022 |access-date=21 December 2022 |publisher=University of Warwick}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2019 | rowspan="2" |Kyautar Fim ta MTV |Mafi kyawun Ayyuka | rowspan="19" |''Ilimin Jima'i''| {{Nom}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="MTV">{{Cite web |last=Dupre |first=Elyse |date=14 May 2019 |title=MTV Movie & TV Awards 2019: The Complete List of Nominations |url=https://www.eonline.com/uk/news/1041360/mtv-movie-tv-awards-2019-the-complete-list-of-nominations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707165206/https://www.eonline.com/uk/news/1041360/mtv-movie-tv-awards-2019-the-complete-list-of-nominations |archive-date=7 July 2019 |access-date=15 May 2019 |website=E! News}}</ref> |- |Mafi kyawun Kiss <small> (tare da Connor Swindells) </small> || {{Nom}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="MTV" /> |- |Kyautar BAFTA Scotland |Mafi kyawun Actor a Talabijin|{{Nom}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 Scotland Actor – Television |url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2019/scotland/actor-television |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610033710/http://awards.bafta.org/award/2019/scotland/actor-television |archive-date=10 June 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=BAFTA Awards}}</ref> |- |Bikin Talabijin na Duniya na Edinburgh |Kyakkyawan Kwarewa|{{Nom}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=EDINBURGH TV AWARDS 2019 |url=https://www.thetvfestival.com/whats-on/edinburgh-tv-awards-2019/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005161442/https://www.thetvfestival.com/whats-on/edinburgh-tv-awards-2019/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=5 October 2022 |website=The Edinburgh International Television Festival. |language=en}}</ref> |- | rowspan="8" |2020 |Bikin Fim na Newport Beach |Mai Girma Mai Girma|{{Won}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2020 |title=2020 UK Honours |url=https://newportbeachfilmfest.com/2020-uk-honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016181147/https://newportbeachfilmfest.com/2020-uk-honours/ |archive-date=16 October 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=Newport Beach Film Festival}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |Kyautar 'yan jarida ta watsa shirye-shirye |Mafi kyawun Actor|{{Nom}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Broadcasting Press Guild Awards (2020) |url=http://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000134/2020/1/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613220214/https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000134/2020/1/ |archive-date=13 June 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022 |publisher=IMDb}}</ref> |- |Mafi Kyawun Ci gaba|{{Won}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2020 |title=2020 |url=https://www.broadcastingpressguild.org/2020-awards/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520101115/http://www.broadcastingpressguild.org/2020-awards/ |archive-date=20 May 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=Broadcasting Press Guild |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Royal Television Society |Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo (Mutum) |{{Won}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2019 |title=RTS Programme Awards 2020 in partnership with Audio Network |url=https://rts.org.uk/award/rts-programme-awards-2020-partnership-audio-network |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126064745/https://rts.org.uk/award/rts-programme-awards-2020-partnership-audio-network |archive-date=26 November 2020 |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=Royal Television Society}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Matasan Scot |Nishaɗi|{{Won}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the #YSAwards 2020 Winners |url=https://young.scot/get-informed/national/meet-the-ysawards-2020-winners |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817170251/https://young.scot/get-informed/national/meet-the-ysawards-2020-winners |archive-date=17 August 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=Young Scot |language=en}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Talabijin ta BAFTA |Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na maza|{{Nom}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Television Male Performance in a Comedy Programme {{!}} BAFTA Awards |url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2020/television/male-performance-in-a-comedy-programme |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012124629/http://awards.bafta.org/award/2020/television/male-performance-in-a-comedy-programme |archive-date=12 October 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=awards.bafta.org}}</ref> |- |Kyautar BAFTA Scotland |Mafi kyawun Actor a Talabijin|{{Won}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scotland {{!}} Actor – Television in 2020 |url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2020/scotland/actor-television |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610033704/http://awards.bafta.org/award/2020/scotland/actor-television |archive-date=10 June 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=BAFTA Awards}}</ref> |- |Rose na Zinariya |Ayyukan Shekara|{{Won}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rose d'Or 2020 winners announced – Rose d'Or Awards |url=https://www.rosedor.com/2020/12/09/rose-dor-2020-winners-announced/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518085817/https://www.rosedor.com/2020/12/09/rose-dor-2020-winners-announced/ |archive-date=18 May 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022 |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |2021 |Kyautar Talabijin ta BAFTA |Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na maza| {{Nom}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 Television Male Performance in a Comedy Programme {{!}} BAFTA Awards |url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2021/television/male-performance-in-a-comedy-programme |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610033707/http://awards.bafta.org/award/2021/television/male-performance-in-a-comedy-programme |archive-date=10 June 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=awards.bafta.org}}</ref> |- | rowspan="6" |2022 |Kyautar Comedy ta Kasa |Matsayin Tallafawa na Musamman|{{Won}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2022 |title=In Full: National Comedy Awards 2022 – The Winners |url=https://www.mediamole.co.uk/entertainment/tv/feature/in-full-national-comedy-awards-2022-the-winners_479672.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526153545/https://www.mediamole.co.uk/entertainment/tv/feature/in-full-national-comedy-awards-2022-the-winners_479672.html |archive-date=26 May 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=Media Mole |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Zaɓin Talabijin na Masu sukar |Mafi kyawun Mai Taimako a cikin Jerin Comedy|{{Nom}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |date=6 December 2021 |title=Critics Choice TV Nominations: 'Succession' Leads Field As HBO Edges Netflix |url=https://deadline.com/2021/12/critics-choice-awards-tv-nominations-2021-succession-hbo-netflix-1234885460/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214160901/https://deadline.com/2021/12/critics-choice-awards-tv-nominations-2021-succession-hbo-netflix-1234885460/ |archive-date=14 December 2021 |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=Deadline}}</ref> |- |Kyautar NME |Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin|{{Nom}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Erica |date=2 March 2022 |title=Aisling Bea wins Best TV Actor at the BandLab NME Awards 2022 |url=https://www.nme.com/news/tv/aisling-bea-wins-best-tv-actor-at-the-bandlab-nme-awards-2022-3172612 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221122714/https://www.nme.com/news/tv/aisling-bea-wins-best-tv-actor-at-the-bandlab-nme-awards-2022-3172612 |archive-date=21 December 2022 |access-date=21 December 2022 |website=NME |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Talabijin ta BAFTA |Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na maza|{{Nom}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 Television Male Performance in a Comedy Programme {{!}} BAFTA Awards |url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2022/television/male-performance-in-a-comedy-programme |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610033713/http://awards.bafta.org/award/2022/television/male-performance-in-a-comedy-programme |archive-date=10 June 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=awards.bafta.org}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |Kyautar BAFTA Scotland |Mafi kyawun Actor a Talabijin|{{Nom}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="BAFTAScotland2022">{{Cite web |date=12 October 2022 |title=BAFTA Scotland Awards 2022: Full Nominations List |url=https://www.bafta.org/bafta-scotland-awards-2022-nominations-announced |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030151528/https://www.bafta.org/bafta-scotland-awards-2022-nominations-announced |archive-date=30 October 2022 |access-date=19 November 2022 |website=bafta.org}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Masu sauraro|{{Nom}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="BAFTAScotland2022" /> |- |2024 |BAFTA Cymru |Mai wasan kwaikwayo | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |''Dokta Wanene'' | class="yes table-yes2 notheme" style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " |Ya ci nasara | style="text-align: center;" | |- |2025 |Kyautar Zaɓin Masu sukar |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin Jerin Wasan kwaikwayo|{{Nom}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2024 |title=Television Nominations Announced For The 30th Annual Critics Choice Awards |url=https://www.criticschoice.com/2024/12/05/television-nominations-announced-for-the-30th-annual-critics-choice-awards/ |access-date=9 December 2024 |website=criticschoice.com |archive-date=7 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207192834/https://www.criticschoice.com/2024/12/05/television-nominations-announced-for-the-30th-annual-critics-choice-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] rsqnayn0suxlfddpya9wesnapkd4odk 0 99338 892769 613848 2026-08-08T06:19:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Norman Bluhm''' (Maris 28, 1921 - Fabrairu 3, 1999), wani mai zane kuma Ba'amurke ne wanda aka lasafta shi azaman mai fa'ida, kuma a matsayin mai zane-zane . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dannatt |first=Adrian |date=20 February 1999 |title=Obituary: Norman Bluhm |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-norman-bluhm-1071937.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220621/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-norman-bluhm-1071937.html |archive-date=2022-06-21 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=The Independent}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife shi a ranar 28 ga Maris, 1921, a [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]] . Mahaifinsa Henry Bluhm na zuriyar Yahudawa ne daga Bialystok, Poland. An jera mahaifiyarsa Rosa Goldstein a cikin ƙidayar shekarar 1940 kamar yadda iyayen Rasha suka haifa tare da Rashanci a gida Ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Mies van der Rohe a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Armor (yanzu Illinois). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olson |first=Craig |date=December 2009 |title=Norman Bluhm: A Retrospective of Works on Paper, 1948-1998 |url=http://brooklynrail.org/2009/12/artseen/norman-bluhm-a-retrospective-of-works-on-paper-1948-1998 |journal=The Brooklyn Rail}}</ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] tare da USAAF ya ci gaba da karatun gine-gine har zuwa shekarar 1948. Bayan ya karanci fasaha a Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze, Florence, [[Italiya]] da kuma Ecole des Beaux Arts a [[Faris|Paris]] . Daga shekarar 1948 zuwa 1956 ya zauna a Paris. Yana da abokai da yawa a fannin fasaha, adabi, da sauran fannonin kere-kere. Daga cikin abokansa na kusa akwai Joan Mitchell, Sam Francis, Jean-Paul Riopelle, Zao Wou-ki da sauransu. Ya auri Claude Souvrain har zuwa 1956. Ya koma Amurka a shekarar 1956. Ya auri Carolyn Ogle a 1961. Sun zauna a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] har zuwa 1969 tare da 'ya'yansu biyu, David da Nina. Daga shekarar 1970 zuwa 1980 sun zauna a Millbrook, New York. Daga 1980 zuwa 1987 sun zauna a Gabashin Hampton, New York. Bayan haka, sun zauna a Gabashin Wallingford, Vermont har zuwa mutuwar Bluhm a ranar 3 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1999. == Art == Ayyukan Bluhm sun sami yabo sosai kuma ayyukansa suna cikin tarin manyan gidajen tarihi da yawa. Ayyukansa suna da alamun sauye-sauye masu salo yayin da ya ci gaba da kalubalantar kansa don isa sababbin fannoni na nasarorin fasaha bisa zurfin iliminsa na fasaha da tarihin fasaha, amfani da siffar ɗan adam, launi, da sha'awar rayuwa. Ko da yake salon sa ya canza sosai a kan lokaci, ya kasance mai matukar sha'awar abstraction na gestural, da ethos na Abstract Expressionism. Daga cikin ayyukansa da aka fi sani akwai jerin zane-zane na waka da aka yi tare da abokinsa nagari mawaƙa Frank O'Hara . Ba da daɗewa ba kafin Bluhm ya mutu, a cikin 1999, editan ''Art a Amurka'' Raphael Rubinstein ya annabta cewa ayyukan da Bluhm ya yi a cikin shekarar 1980s da 1990s a ƙarshen aikinsa zai kasance da mahimmanci ga ƙarni na 21st kamar yadda fitowar Cézanne daga baya ya kasance zuwa 20th. == Sharhi == Ayyukan Bluhm yayin da aka gane da kuma yabo bai taba samun ma'auni na kulawa da wasu daga cikin mutanen zamaninsa, irin su Joan Mitchell da Riopelle, suke da shi ba. A wani ɓangare, wannan ya faru ne saboda rashin son Bluhm don biyan isasshe ga waɗanda ke cikin duniyar fasahar kasuwanci. Hakanan canza dandanon fasaha a cikin 60's tare da zuwan Pop Art (wanda Bluhm ya sami ƙarancin kyan gani da sha'awa) ya sanya Bluhm a cikin [[wiktionary:netherworld|ƙasa]] mai mahimmanci. Estate of Norman Bluhm, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Edizioni Mazotta, Milan, sun buga littafin rubutu a cikin shekarar 2000 akan Norman Bluhm tare da rubutun [[James Harithas]], Raphael Rubinstein da Luigi Sansone. . A cikin shekarar 2007, Gidan Tarihi na Gidan Tarihi na Art na zamani a [[Houston|Houston, Texas]], ya shirya babban nuni a ƙarƙashin taken 'The Late Painting of Norman Bluhm' [http://www.stationmuseum.com/Norman_Bluhm/bluhm.htm] . The Houston Press ya ruwaito cewa ''The New York artist ta panoramic zane-zane an yi su kamar tabo gilashin tagogi ko mandalas, amma siffofin a cikin su ne sexy'' yayin da Garland Fielder ta review a Glasstire da aka ambata cewa ''Bluhm ta zane-zane aiwatar da irin wannan rayuwa mai tabbatar da gaskiya da gaskiya, wanda ba zai iya taimaka amma ji ash a cikin wani haske na ruhaniya farin ciki'' . A cikin shekarar 2015, Christie's New York ya gudanar da "Norman Bluhm: Divine Proportion", yana nuna ayyukan 1960s, 70s da 80s. Kundin nunin ya sake buga gabatarwar James Harithas zuwa nunin Bluhm na 1973 a gidan kayan tarihi na Everson da kuma hirar a shekarar1987 na mai zane da William Salzillo ya yi. .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christies - Norman Bluhm Divine Proportion |url=https://www.christies.com/privatesales/2015/norman-bluhm-divine-proportion#about-section}}</ref> Daga Fabrairu - Mayu, 2020, an sake duba aikin nasa, "Norman Bluhm: Metamorphosis" an gudanar da shi a Gidan Tarihi na Newark, tare da kasida wanda ya buga kasidu game da aikinsa da kuma hira da mai zane Paul Cummings ya yi a 1969. Tricia Laughlin Bloom, Newark Museum of Art's curator for art's art's American art, kuma bako Jay Grimm, abokin Bluhm ne ya shirya wannan baje kolin. <ref name="njitvector">{{Cite web |last=Dhaduk |first=Birju |date=2020-02-27 |title=NORMAN BLUHM: METAMORPHOSIS |url=https://njitvector.com/2020/02/norman-bluhm-metamorphosis/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225050040/https://njitvector.com/2020/02/norman-bluhm-metamorphosis/ |archive-date=February 25, 2021 |access-date=2021-05-26 |website=The Vector |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.normanbluhm.com Yanar Gizo na sirri] * [https://www.findlaygalleries.com/artists/abstract-expressionist/norman-bluhm/ Norman Bluhm Bio - Findlay Galleries] * https://www.facebook.com/pages/Norman-Bluhm/174392542611007?ref=ts * [http://www.artnet.com/Artists/ArtistHomePage.aspx?artist_id=2654&page_tab=Artworks_for_sale Hotuna, tarin manyan hotuna na zanen Bluhm] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120325193547/http://168.144.121.83/cultureport/artists/bluhm/index.html ''Abubuwa 26 a Sau ɗaya'', hira da Bluhm a cikin 1996 da 1997] * [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0268/is_8_37/ai_54454979 ''Obituary'', wanda aka buga a ArtForum, 1999] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506115719/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0268/is_8_37/ai_54454979/print |date=2008-05-06 }} * [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1248/is_4_87/ai_54432691 Ilimi daga Art a Amurka, 1999] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507162419/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1248/is_4_87/ai_54432691?tag=rbxcra.2.a.1 |date=2008-05-07 }} * [http://www.stationmuseum.com/Norman_Bluhm/bluhm.htm ''The Late Painting na Norman Bluhm'', wani panoramic view of nuni a tashar Museum, Houston, Maris-Mayu 2007] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1999]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921]] jus5slt5lxqsj5t4p6d8wen7pc2g55v 0 99507 892702 617346 2026-08-07T22:53:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mobolaji Olufunso Johnson''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1936 -ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Oktoban shekarar 2019) ya kasance Brigadier na [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojojin Najeriya]] wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Mai Gudanar da Soja na Tarayyar Legas daga Janairun shekarar 1966 zuwa Mayun shekarar 1967 a lokacin mulkin soja na Janar Aguyi-Ironsi (zuwa Yulin shekarar 1966, da Janar Gowon daga baya), sannan kuma a matsayin majagaba da Gwamna na farko na [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] daga Mayun shekarar 1967 zuwa Yulin shekarar 1975 a lokacin mulkin soji na Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] . <ref name="Vanguard-Johnson">{{Cite web |last=Ekunkubor |first=Jemi |title=I am not a hustler – Brigadier -General MOBOLAJI JOHNSON (rtd) |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/06/i-am-not-a-hustler-brigadier-general-mobolaji-johnson-rtd/ |access-date=1 September 2015 |website=Vanguard Nigeria}}</ref> A matsayinsa na Gwamna na Legas, gwamnatinsa ta kula da rushewar [[Ajele Cemetery|Kabari na Ajele]] a farkon shekarun 1970. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Johnson ne a cikin dangin iyalin Joshua Motola Johnson da matarsa, Gbemisola Johnson <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-09 |title=Brigadier-General Mobolaji Olufunso Johnson (1936-2019) |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/brigadier-general-mobolaji-olufunso-johnson-1936-2019/ |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> (née Dudley-Coker). Mahaifinsa ya fito ne daga Eko Division na Jihar Legas kuma ya kasance memba na Royal West African Frontier Force a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . Johnson yana da wasu 'yan uwa biyar ciki har da ɗan'uwansa, Femi Johnson, wanda ya kafa Femi Johnson da Kamfanin [[Ibadan]].<ref name="Autobio">{{Cite web |title=My Life of Service with Integrity |url=http://inspiration-ebooks.com/_/_/417535/lagos-state-my-life-of-service-with-integrity |access-date=2015-08-29 |publisher=Kola Olutimehin/Smashwords |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075755/http://inspiration-ebooks.com/_/_/417535/lagos-state-my-life-of-service-with-integrity |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mobolaji Johnson ya fara karatunsa a makarantar Reagean Memorial Baptist, [[Yaba, Lagos|Yaba]], makarantar Methodist a shekarar 1941. Daga nan ya halarci [[Warri]]" Kwalejin Hussey, Warri, a shekarar 1954. A shekara ta 1955, ya koma makarantar sakandare ta Methodist Boys, Legas, makarantar da mahaifinsa ya halarta, inda ya kammala karatun sakandare a shekara ta 1957. Yayinda yake a MBHS, Legas, Mobolaji ya kasance mai kyau a duk faɗin wasanni. A cikin Shekarar 1959 Mobolaji ta halarci Makarantar Horar da Jami'in Cadet a [[Ghana]]. Mobolaji Johnson ya kuma halarci Makarantar Mons Officer Cadet a Aldershot da Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, United Kingdom, tsakanin Shekarar 1960 da Shekarar 1961. == Ayyukan soja == * [[Zariya|Zaria]] Sojojin Depot, 1958-1959. * Sojojin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Kongo]] * An ɗaukaka shi a matsayin Lieutenant na biyu, Sojojin Najeriya, 1961. * Lieutenant, 1962, Kyaftin, Oktoba 1962. * An nada shi Mataimakin Kwamandan, Jami'an Tsaro na Tarayya, 1964. * Kwamandan, Jami'an Tsaro na Tarayya, 1964. * Mataimakin Adjutant da Quartermaster-General Headquarters, Brigade na 2, [[Apapa]], Legas, 1964. * Major, Fabrairu 1966; * Na biyu a cikin umurni, 4th Battalion, [[Ibadan]]. * Kwamandan tashar, [[Benin City (Birnin Benin)|Benin]], Midwest (tsohuwar jihar Bendel). == Yaƙin Biafra == A ƙarshen sanannen [[Yaƙin basasar Najeriya|Yaƙin Biafra]], Johnson yana cikin wakilan tarayya a ƙarshen bikin yaƙi.A shekara ta 1966, bayan juyin mulki da ya yi nasara wanda ya biya gwamnatin farar hula ta farko ta Najeriya, ya zama Mai Gudanar da Sojoji na Jihar Legas. A shekara ta 1967 ya zama Gwamna na farko na Jihar Legas . Lokacin da Johnson ya kasance a matsayin Gwamnan Soja na Jihar Legas ya gina manyan ababen more rayuwa a Jihar Legasa. == Gwamna == [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi|Aguiyi-Ironsi]] ne ya fara naɗa Johnson a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tsohon yankin tarayya na Jihar Legas a shekarar 1966. Ironsi shi ne shugaban ƙasa kuma yana son wani daga Legas ya magance wasu matsalolin yankin tarayya.<ref name="Re">{{Cite web |title=Reunion Black Family. |url=https://www.reunionblackfamily.com/ |website=Reunion Black Family. |access-date=2025-05-03 |archive-date=2023-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927053018/https://reunionblackfamily.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1967, an ƙirƙiro Jihar Legas kuma Johnson ya zama gwamnan farko na Legas; jihar yanzu ta ƙunshi tsohuwar Tarayyar ta [[Tsibirin Victoria, Lagos|Tsibirin Victoria]], [[Ikoyi]] da [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] tare da ƙarin yankunan Epe, [[Badagry]], [[Ikorodu]] da [[Ikeja]]. Ya shiga cikin bunkasa aikin gwamnati a Jihar Legas. Johnson da farko an taimaka masa wajen gudanar da jihar tare da taimakon wasu manyan ma'aikatan gwamnati kamar Sakataren Gudanarwa, Adeymi-Bero, Sakataren Shari'a, Alh. I. O Agoro, Sakataren Kudi, F.C.O Coker, da kuma muƙaddashin sakataren Gwamnatin Soja, Howson Wright kuma ya jira har zuwa Afrilun shekara ta 1968 kafin ya naɗa kwamishinoninsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-11 |title=We started Lagos State with only 10,000 pounds — Mobolaji Johnson |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/started-lagos-state-10000-pounds-mobolaji-johnson/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-US}}</ref> === Gina Legas === * Hanyar gaggawa ta kasa da kasa mai nisan kilomita 60.7 (Lagos-[[Badagry]] Expressway) da ke haɗa Najeriya da ƙasashe makwabta Benin, Ghana da Togo. * Toikin Bridge don haɗa Epe zuwa Ikorodu * [[Gadar Eko-Bridge|Ginin Eko]] * [[Third Mainland Bridge|Babbar Babbar Babba ta Uku]] * Cibiyar sadarwa ta hanyoyi da gadoji waɗanda suka zama abin da ke faruwa a zamanin yau a Legas * Neman bakin tekun Bar Beach. Wani juyin mulki ya kawo sabuwar gwamnatin soja a Shekarar 1975. Sabuwar gwamnati ta shigo, a ƙarƙashin tutar yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa. === Rushewar Kabari na Ajele === Gwamnatin Johnson ce ke da alhakin rushewa da kuma binne mutanen da aka binne a [[Ajele Cemetery|Kabari na Ajele]] kamar su [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]], [[James Pinson Labulo Davies]], [[Efunroye Tinubu|Madam Tinubu]], [[Thomas Babington Macaulay (Nijeriya)|Thomas Babington Macaulay]], da sauransu da yawa. Rushewar ta gamu da zargi da yawa: Farfesa [[JDY Peel|J.D.Y. Peel]] ya lura cewa rushewar ta hana "Lagosians ba kawai sararin samaniya mai daraja a cikin zuciyar birnin ba amma daga abubuwan tunawa da kakanninsu". Nobel Laureate [[Wole Soyinka]] ya kira rushewar " keta wannan wurin kakanninmu" yana mai lura da cewa "shirin ya fito ne daga gwamnan soja [Mobolaji Johnson]: 'Ka tono wadanda suka mutu kuma ka manta da kakanninmu kuma ka dasa ginin majalisa na zamani - tare da duk abubuwan da ke da riba a wannan wuri mai barci". == Yin ritaya == A shekara ta 1975 a lokacin da aka fara gwamnatin Janar [[Murtala Mohammed]] Johnson na ɗaya daga cikin gwamnonin jihohi biyu (tare da Brigadier Janar [[Christopher Oluwole Rotimi|Oluwole Rotimi]]) wanda kwamitin mutum uku da aka ba su izinin bincika zarge-zargen cin hanci da rashawa tsakanin gwamnonin jihohin. Janar Johnson ya yi ritaya daga Sojojin Najeriya a Shekarar 1975 kuma ya shiga kasuwancin sirri.Yana da 'ya'ya huɗu, maza uku da mace. == Rayuwa ta baya == Johnson shi ne Shugaban Gidauniyar Kare Hakkin Najeriya. Ya zama Darakta na gine-gine mai girma [[Julius Berger|Julius Berger Najeriya]] a Shekarar 1979 kuma shugabanta a Shekarar 1996, muƙamin da ya riƙe har zuwa Shekarar 2009. Johnson ya kasance Shugaban Kwamitin Zartarwa na Gidauniyar Ci gaban [[Jami'ar Jihar Lagos|Jami'ar Jihar Legas]] . Ya kasance shugaban kwamitin amintattu na makarantar sakandare ta Methodist Boys, ƙungiyar Legas Old Boys ta ƙasa. An girmama shi da matsayin saboda shi fitaccen Tsohon yaro ne wanda ke da taimako sosai ga alma mater. Surukirsa ita ce [[Omobola Johnson]] . Mobolaji Johnson ya mutu <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2019 |title=Former governor of Lagos, Mobolaji Johnson dies aged 83 • Okay.ng |url=https://www.okay.ng/former-governor-of-lagos-mobolaji-johnson-dies-aged-83/ |access-date=2021-08-18 |website=www.okay.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> a ranar 30 ga Oktoban shekarar 2019, yana da shekaru 83 a gidansa. Ɗansa, Deji Johnson ne ya sanar da mutuwarsa. Deji yana da 'ya'ya 3 da kansa, 'ya'yan mata biyu da ɗa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BREAKING: Mobolaji Johnson is dead |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/breaking-mobolaji-johnson-is-dead/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030232959/https://thenationonlineng.net/breaking-mobolaji-johnson-is-dead/ |archive-date=2019-10-30}}</ref> Seyi Johnson wanda a halin yanzu shine Daraktan Ci gaban Kasuwanci a [[Julius Berger]] kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yansa maza uku. == Kyauta == [[Fayil:Mobolaji_Johnson_Station.jpg|thumb]] Hanyar, hanya, da kuma wasanni a cikin jihar Mobolaji suna ɗauke da sunansa da kuma Tsarin Gidaje a Lekki duka a jihar Legas. An sanya wa tashar jirgin ƙasa a [[Ebute Metta]], Legas suna don girmama shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Odutola |first=Abiola |date=2021-04-11 |title=FG to name new train station after Mobolaji Johnson |url=https://nairametrics.com/2021/04/11/fg-to-name-new-train-station-after-mobolaji-johnson/ |access-date=2021-08-18 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin lokaci na Legas, shekarun 1960-1970 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   [[Rukuni:Yarbawa yan siyasa]] [[Rukuni:Gwamnonin jihar Lagos]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1936]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dj2h9wo83ibkyg4ovsxgr21oxljh95h 0 99913 892747 658568 2026-08-08T05:54:56Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 892747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cecil Belfield Clarke''' (12 Afrilu 1894 - 28 Nuwamba 1970) wanda aka fi sani da '''Belfield Clarke''', likita ne haifaffen Barbadiya wanda ya cancanta a Burtaniya kuma ya yi aiki a kusa da Giwa & Castle a [[Landan]]. Shi ɗan Afirka ne kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar masu launi a 1931. == Rayuwar farko == An san kadan game da farkon rayuwar Clarke. Ya halarci makarantar Combermere a Barbados.<ref>"St Catharine's College, Cambridge: Cecil Belfield Clarke". Retrieved 11 January 2021</ref> Ya samu gurbin karatu a tsibirin don yin karatun likitanci a Jami'ar Cambridge.<ref>Dabydeen, David; John Gilmore; Cecily Jones (eds.). "Cecil Belfield Clarke". The Oxford Companion to Black British History | Oxford Reference. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2021.</ref> Ya isa Landan a ranar 28 ga Satumba 1914, bayan barkewar yakin duniya na daya, ya yi tafiya a kan jirgin ruwa na RMS Tagus,<ref name=":0">"Tagus ship's manifest via Ancestry". Retrieved 12 January 2021</ref> wanda, bayan wannan tafiya, ya zama jirgin ruwa na asibiti. Sauran fasinjojin sun hada da Aucher Warner, dan wasan cricket da kuma babban mai shari'a na Trinidad da Tobago na gaba; mai kula da mulkin mallaka Herbert Peebles; Kenneth Knaggs, ɗan Sir Samuel Knaggs, Sakataren mulkin mallaka na Trinidad da Tobago a lokacin; Roland Allport, likitan likita; Thomas Orford, jami'in kula da lafiya na gwamnati na Grenada; da Richard Batson, wanda ya buga wasan cricket don Barbados kuma ya cancanta a matsayin likita a Edinburgh, Scotland, a cikin 1920.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Clyde Ships: RMS Tagus". Retrieved 10 January 2021</ref> == Sana'a == Clarke ya tafi Kwalejin St Catharine, Cambridge, kuma an ba shi BA a cikin 1917. Ya kasance memba mai kishin Kwalejin, kasancewarsa Shugaban Kwalejin Kwalejin a 1965-66<ref>Election of Officers, the Benevolent Fund and Honoraria" (PDF). St Catharine's College Society Magazine: 18. September 1965. Retrieved 11 January 2021.</ref> sannan kuma ɗayan Mataimakin Shugaban kasa har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1970.<ref>Officers of the Society 1966–67" (PDF). St Catharine's College Society Magazine: 5. September 1966. Retrieved 11 January 2021</ref> Ya ba da lambar yabo don Kimiyyar Halitta, wanda aka fara ba da ita a cikin 1955.<ref>Officers of the Society 1968–69" (PDF). St Catharine's College Society Magazine: 5. September 1968. Retrieved 11 January 2021</ref> Har yanzu kwalejin tana ba da lambar yabo ta Belfield Clarke.<ref>Obituaries | CECIL BELFIELD CLARKE Died—28th November 1970" (PDF). St Catharine's College Society Magazine: 22. September 1971. Retrieved 11 January 2021.</ref> Clarke ya cancanta a cikin 1918 tare da Diploma Conjoint (MRCS (Eng) da LRCP (Lond)), a cikin 1919 a matsayin DPH, a cikin 1920 a matsayin BChir, kuma a cikin 1921 a matsayin FRCS (Edin) da MB (Cambridge).<ref>College Awards" (PDF). St Catherine's Society Magazine: 68. September 1955</ref> A cikin 1923, yana Landan a Asibitin Kwalejin Jami'ar. Aƙalla 1924 yana aiki a Southwark a 112 Newington Causeway SE1, inda zai yi aiki har tsawon aikinsa na ƙwararru, ko da yake yana iya yin aiki a can tun a farkon 1920.<ref>Bourne, Stephen (2020). Under Fire: Black Britain in Wartime, 1939–45. The History Press. pp. 91–92.</ref> Ya yi aiki a Newington Causeway a duk lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]], duk da mummunan tashin bama-bamai a yankin. A cikin 1941, an kai harin bam sosai a yankin har 112 Newington Causeway ya kasance ginin tilo da ke tsaye a jere na shaguna da gidaje; bango daya na tiyatar da aka yi masa ya bude ga abubuwan da ke faruwa. A lokacin binciken Ordnance na 1950, 112 Newington Causeway ya kasance da kansa, yana kewaye da wuraren bama-bamai. Clarke ya yi ritaya a 1965, kuma an rushe 112 Newington Causeway bayan haka. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya daga 1954 zuwa 1967.<ref>National Library of Scotland: TQ3179SE". Retrieved 11 January 2021.</ref> == Mulkin Clark == === Babban labarin: Mulkin Clark === Clarke ya ƙirƙiri ƙa'idar Clark da ba a ba da suna ba, tsarin lissafi da ake amfani da shi don ƙididdige adadin maganin da ya dace ga yara masu shekaru 2-17. == Pan-Africanism == Clarke yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a ta League of Colored Peoples tare da wani likitan Kudancin London, Harold Moody, a cikin 1931, kuma ya kasance memba na kwamitin zartarwa na League. Sauran mambobin farko sun hada da CL R. James, Jomo Kenyatta, Una Marson, da Paul Robeson. Clarke ya shirya bukukuwan lambu a gidansa da ke Barnet don League. An zabe shi shugaban farko na Kwamitin House na Aggrey House, masaukin da aka kafa a Landan a cikin 1934 don ɗalibai daga Afirka da Caribbean. A cikin 1930s Clarke kuma yana aiki a Ofishin Hidima na Afirka ta Duniya, tare da C.L. R. James da George Padmore, wata kungiya mai hedkwata a Landan da ke da niyya don magance matsalolin da suka shafi Afirka da mazaunan Afirka. Clarke ya rubuta labarin rasuwar George Padmore mai fafutuka na Afirka ta Kudu a cikin jaridar The Times a shekarar 1959. Ya kasance mai aiki a kungiyar daliban Afirka ta Yamma (WASU), wanda ya taimaka wajen yin tasiri ga kishin kasa a Ghana. Ta hanyar WASU, Clarke ya saba da Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka W. E. B. Du Bois. Jami'ar [[Massachusetts]] Amherst tana riƙe da takaddun Du Bois, waɗanda suka haɗa da babban rubutu tare da Clarke. Haruffa ba koyaushe suna ƙarewa “tare da gaisuwa ga Pat”. Clarke ya kasance mai himma a cikin da'irar likitancin Ghana: ya kasance Shugaban Kwamitin Ba da Shawarar Likitoci na Ghana, kuma ya rubuta wasiku zuwa Jaridar Likitanci ta Burtaniya (BMJ) game da makarantar likitancin Ghana ta farko mai zaman kanta, Jami'ar Ghana Medical School. Clarke ya buɗe wa Indiyawan Yamma a gidansa da ke Barnet a ranar Lahadi da yamma.<ref>Spartacus Educational: Harold Moody". Retrieved 12 January 2021</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Clarke ɗan luwaɗi ne. Kamar yadda aka saba kafin yanke hukunci a cikin 1967, Clarke ya kasance mai hankali. Abokin zamansa na rayuwa shine Pat Walker (Edward George Walker, 1902–1999), wanda Clarke ya yi aiki a matsayin sakatarensa. Aƙalla 1939 suna zaune tare a gidan Clarke a Barnet, wanda Clarke ya kira Belfield House, amma dukansu sun kasance a rajistar zabe a 112 Newington Causeway a 1929. Bayan mutuwar Clarke, Walker ya kasance a Belfield House, amma bayan mutuwar ta ƙarshe a 1999, an bar shi zuwa Kwalejin St Catharine. Tun daga lokacin kwalejin ta sayar da gidan, kuma yanzu wurin gandun daji ne, Belfield Montessori. Clarke ya mutu a cikin 1970, yana da shekaru 76, a Asibitin St Stephen, Barnet. (St Stephen's wani asibiti ne na geriatric wanda aka rufe a 1989. Tarihin mutuwar Clarke a cikin BMJ ba daidai ba ya bayyana cewa ya mutu a Babban Asibitin Barnet.)<ref>"Belfield Montessori". Retrieved 12 January 2021</ref> == Gado == An sanya alamar shuɗi mai shuɗi don girmama Clarke a kan wani gini kusa da wurin da ya yi aiki a cikin Afrilu 2023, wanda Black History Walks ya dauki nauyinsa tare da haɗin gwiwar Nubian Jak Community Trust. Kyautar da Clarke ya bayar a Kwalejin St Catharine, Cambridge, ana ci gaba da bayar da ita. Ya kasance daya daga cikin Black Londoners da aka nuna a wani nuni a gidan kayan tarihi na Cuming a 2008, wanda masanin tarihi Stephen Bourne ya tsara, Ci gaba da murmushi: Black Londoners on the Home Front, 1939 zuwa 1945. Belfield Clarke yana ɗaya daga cikin alkalumman da LGBT History Month UK ya haskaka a cikin Fabrairu 2024, dangane da taken wannan shekarar: Magunguna.<ref>"Keep Smiling Through: Black Londoners on the Home Front, 1939 to 1945 : Resource Pack : April 1 to November 1 2008" (PDF). Cuming Museum, Southwark Council. 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2021</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1970]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1894]] eiyl1rn3dtxet35fhy8374kj3fa0jj7 0 101766 892599 815923 2026-08-07T13:14:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Malika Gaïd''' (1933 – 1957) ma’aikaciyar jinya ce ’yar Algeria wadda ta shiga [[National Liberation Army (Algeria)|rundunar ‘yantar da ƙasa Aljeriya]] (ALN) don kula da waɗanda suka jikkata da kuma yakin neman ‘yancin kai daga Faransawa a lokacin [[Yaƙin Aljeriya|yakin Aljeriya]] a shekarar 1955. A watan Yunin 1958, wani sojan Faransa ya harbe ta a lokacin da take kare waɗanda suka jikkata a wani kogo kusa da M'Chedallah. A yanzu dai ana tunawa da Gaid a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin jaruma kuma shahidan yakin neman'yancin kai na Aljeriya. <ref name="qa">{{Cite web |last=Abachi L. |date=6 July 2017 |title=Malika GAID, une icône de la guerre de libération |url=https://lequotidienalgerie.org/2017/07/06/malika-gaid-une-icone-de-la-guerre-de-liberation/ |access-date=4 January 2021 |publisher=Le Soir d'Algérie |language=fr |archive-date=8 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108080837/https://lequotidienalgerie.org/2017/07/06/malika-gaid-une-icone-de-la-guerre-de-liberation/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="dk">{{Cite web |last=Mihoubi, Rachid |date=22 August 2007 |title=Malika Gaïd (1933-1957) |url=https://www.depechedekabylie.com/culture/44360-malika-gaid-1933-1957// |access-date=4 January 2021 |publisher=La Dépêche de Kabylie |language=fr}}</ref> Tare da sauran shahidai, an gudanar da bikin tunawa da ita a jerin tambarin aikawasiku a shekarar 2019. <ref name="poste">{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Martyres de la révolution |url=https://www.poste.dz/philately/s/1425 |access-date=4 January 2021 |publisher=Algérie Poste |language=fr |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604163555/https://www.poste.dz/philately/s/1425 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife ta a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta 1933 a gundumar Belcourt na [[Aljir|Algiers]], Malika Gaïd ita ce ƙarama a cikin yara bakwai a cikin dangi masu matsakaicin ilimi, mai sha'awar shiga fagen samun 'yancin kai. Mahaifinta, Mohand Amokrane, malamin makaranta ne. <ref name="qa"/> Bayan ta kammala karatunta na makaranta, a cikin shekarar 1948 ta horar da aikin jinya a Sétif, inda ta sami difloma a shekarar 1951. Ta yi aiki a asibitocin Kherrata, Guenzet da kuma a ƙarshe Bougaâ inda ta zauna har shekara ta 1956. A wannan lokacin ta kasance tana kula da 'yan uwa Mujahid a asirce. <ref name="dk"/> A cikin watan Yuni 1955, Kanar Amirouche ya gayyace ta don shiga cikin sojojin National Liberation Army (ALN) a cikin Soummam Valley. A watan Agustan 1956, ta shiga a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya kuma mace ɗaya tilo a [[taron Soummam]] inda FLN ta yi shirin samun 'yancin kai. <ref name="qa"/> Ta ci gaba da yin hidima tare da Amirouche a matsayin ma’aikaciyar jinya da mayakiya har zuwa ranar 27 ga watan Yunin 1957 lokacin da wani sojan Faransa ya harbe ta a lokacin da take kula da waɗanda suka jikkata a wani kogo a tsaunin yammacin Bouïra. Sojojin Faransa sun shirya wani gagarumin hari a yankin domin shawo kan masu fafutukar kwato 'yancin kai. Bayan rasuwarta, Amirouche ta rubuta wa ’yan uwanta takarda, tana mai jaddada cewa, ba wai ta kula da mayakan Mujahidan ba ne, da kuma tada hankalinsu, amma ita kanta ta zama mayakoya na gaske. <ref name="qa"/> An bayar da tambarin sakon tunawa don girmama ta a shekarar 2019. <ref name="poste"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Malika Gaïd (1933-1958) timbres-poste catalogue |url=https://www.lastdodo.fr/fr/areas/4695979-malika-gaid-1933-1958 |access-date=6 January 2021 |publisher=LastDodo |language=French |archive-date=26 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126194906/https://www.lastdodo.fr/fr/areas/4695979-malika-gaid-1933-1958 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1957]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1933]] 71j9dpxzix6q0x3tw06ufik25ehnmo8 0 101981 892832 631572 2026-08-08T10:06:44Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tippu Tip''', ko '''Tippu Tib''' ( {{Circa|1837}} &#x2013; Yuni 14n shekarar 1905), ainihin suna '''Hamad ibn Muḥammad ibn Jum'ah bn Rajab bn Muḥammad ibn Sa'īd al Murjabi''' ( Arabic ), ya kasance Afro-Omani hauren giwa kuma mai bawa kuma mai ciniki, mai bincike, gwamna kuma mai shuka . Ya yi aiki ga wasu sarakunan Zanzibar kuma shi ne Sarkin Uterera, jihar da ba ta daɗe ba a Kasongo, Maniema ya yi mulkin kansa da ɗansa [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu]] . Tippu Tip an yi ciniki da bayi don gonakin kaka na [[Zanzibar]] . A matsayin wani ɓangare na babban ciniki mai riba, ya jagoranci balaguron kasuwanci da yawa zuwa [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]], ya gina wuraren kasuwanci masu riba a cikin yankin [[Kongo Basin]] kuma ya zama sanannen bawa da hauren giwa a Afirka, yana wadatar da yawancin duniya da hauren hauren giwa daga 'yan Afirka da aka bautar. == Rayuwar farko == [[Fayil:TipputipPortrait.jpg|thumb| Hoton Tippu Tukwici, Gidan kayan tarihi na Al'ajabi, [[Garin Dutse]], [[Zanzibar]] .]] Dangane da bayanin shekarunsa a wurare daban-daban a rayuwarsa, an yi imanin cewa an haifi Tippu Tip a shekara ta 1832 a Zanzibar. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Mahaifiyar Tippu Tip, Bint Habib bin Bushir, [[Larabawa|Balaraben]] [[Muskat|Muscat]] ce ta masu mulki. Mahaifinsa da kakan mahaifinsa [[Larabawa]] ne na bakin teku na gabar tekun Swahili waɗanda suka shiga balaguron fataucin bayi zuwa cikin gida. Kakansa na mahaifinsa, matar Rajab bin Mohammed bin Said el Murgebi, diyar Juma bin Mohammed el Nebhani, dan gidan Muscat ( [[Oman]] ) mai daraja, kuma mace [[Mutanen Bantu|Bantu]] daga mazauni na Mbuamaji, kudancin abin da zai zama babban birnin Jamus na [[Dar es Salaam]] a gundumar Kigamboni a yau. A tsawon rayuwarsa Hamad bin Muhammad bin Juma bin Rajab el Murjebi an fi saninsa da ''Tippu Tib'', wanda ke fassara zuwa "masu tara dukiya". <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> A cewarsa, an yi masa lakabin Tippu Tip bayan sautin "tiptip" da bindigoginsa suka yi a lokacin balaguro a yankin Chungu. Tun yana ƙarami, Tippu Tip ya jagoranci gungun maza kusan 100 zuwa Afirka ta Tsakiya suna neman bayi da hauren giwa. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Bayan ya wawure filaye da dama, sai ya koma Zanzibar domin ya hada dukiyarsa da daukar mayaƙansa. Bayan haka ya koma babban yankin Afirka. <ref name="Hinde9">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> == Sana'a == Tippu Tukwici ya gina daular cinikin bayi, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin musulmi na biyu mafi arziƙi mai fataucin bayi a tarihi, ta hanyar amfani da kuɗin da aka samu don kafa gonakin ƙwaya a [[Zanzibar]] . Abdul Sheriff ya ruwaito cewa, lokacin da ya bar shekaru goma sha biyu na "gina daular" a kan kasa, bai da wani shuka nasa. A shekara ta 1895, ya sami "shambas" bakwai da 10,000.&nbsp;bayi" Ya sadu da taimaka wa masu bincike na [[Afirka|yammacin Afirka]] da dama, ciki har da David Livingstone da Henry Morton Stanley . {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}} {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}}Tsakanin 1884 da 1887, ya yi iƙirarin [[Kongo Basin|gabashin Kongo]] don kansa da kuma Sarkin Zanzibar, Bargash bin Said el Busaidi . Duk da matsayinsa na mai kare muradun Zanzibar a [[Kongo Basin|Kongo]], ya ci gaba da kyautata alaka da Turawa. A cikin watan Agustan 1886, fada ya barke tsakanin [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] da wakilan Sarki Leopold na biyu na Belgium a Stanley Falls, al-Murjabī ya tafi wurin karamin jakadan Belgium a [[Zanzibar]] domin ya tabbatar masa da "kyakkyawar niyyarsa". Duk da cewa har yanzu yana da karfi a siyasar Afirka ta Tsakiya, amma ya ga a shekara ta 1886 cewa mulki yana canzawa a yankin. === Gwamnan gundumar Stanley Falls === [[Fayil:The_contract_signed_by_Henry_Morton_Stanley_with_slave_trader_Tippu_Tip_on_behalf_of_King_Leopold_II_at_the_British_consulate_in_Zanzibar_in_1887.jpg|thumb| Kwangilar da aka sanya hannu tsakanin Henry Morton Stanley da Tippu Tip a madadin Sarki Leopold II a karamin ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya a Zanzibar a 1887, inda Leopold ya nada Tippu Tip a matsayin gwamnan Stanley Falls District.]] A farkon 1887, Stanley ya isa Zanzibar kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa Tippu Tip ya zama gwamna na gundumar Stanley Falls a cikin Jihar Free Kongo . Dukansu Leopold da Sultan Barghash bin Said na Zanzibar sun yarda kuma a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1887, Tippu Tip ya karɓa. A lokaci guda kuma, ya amince wa mutum balaguron da Stanley ya ba da umarnin shirya domin ceto Emin Pasha (E. Schnitzer), gwamnan Jamus na Equatoria (wani yanki na Ottoman Masar, a yau a [[Sudan ta Kudu]] ) wanda ya makale a yankin Bahr el Ghazal sakamakon tawayen Mahdi a Sudan. Tippu Tukwici ya koma Ƙasar Kongo a cikin kamfanin Stanley, amma wannan lokacin ta hanyar Tekun Atlantika da [[Kogin Congo|kogin Kongo]] . Baya ga shakkun amfaninsa, balaguron agajin ya gamu da cikas saboda kusan halakar da masu tsaronsa suka yi. === Kongo – Yaƙin Larabawa === Bayan ya zama gwamna, [[Yaƙin Larabawa na Kongo|yakin Kongo da Larabawa]] ya barke. Bangarorin biyu sun gwabza da sojojin da suka kunshi galibin sojojin Afirka na cikin gida da ke yaki karkashin jagorancin shugabannin kasashen Larabawa ko na Turai. Lokacin da Tippu Tukwici ya bar Kongo, ikon King Leopold's Free State yana da rauni sosai a sassan Gabashin ƙasar kuma ikon yana tare da manyan Larabci ko Swahili na gida. Daga cikin waɗannan akwai ɗan Tippu Tip [[Sefu bin Hamid]] da wani ɗan kasuwa da aka sani da [[Rumaliza]] a yankin kusa da [[tafkin Tanganyika]] . A shekara ta 1892, [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu bin Hamed]] ya kai hari kan masu sana'ar hauren giwa na Belgium, wadanda ake ganin barazana ce ga kasuwancin Larabawa da Swahili. Gwamnatin Jihar Free ta tura dakaru karkashin kwamanda Francis Dhanis zuwa Gabas. Dhanis ya samu nasara da wuri lokacin da shugaban Ngongo Lutete ya canza salo daga Sefu zuwa nasa. Sojojin Belgium da suka fi dacewa da makamai da tsari sun yi galaba a kan abokan hamayyarsu a fada da dama har zuwa mutuwar Sefu a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1893, daga karshe kuma suka tilasta wa Rumaliza gudu zuwa yankin Jamus a 1895. === Mutuwa === [[Fayil:ZanzibarTipputip.jpg|thumb| Gidan Tippu Tukwici a Garin Dutse, Birnin Zanzibar]] Bayan komawa Zanzibar a kusa da 1890/1891, Tippu Tip ya yi ritaya. Ya tashi ya rubuta labarin rayuwarsa, wanda shine misali na farko na nau'in wallafe-wallafen tarihin kansa a cikin harshen Bantu Swahili . Heinrich Brode [de], wanda ya san shi a Zanzibar, ya rubuta rubutun zuwa rubutun Roman kuma ya fassara shi zuwa Jamusanci. Daga baya aka fassara shi zuwa Turanci kuma aka buga shi a Biritaniya a cikin 1907. Tippu Tip ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1905, sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] (a cewar Brode) a gidansa da ke [[Garin Dutse|Dutsen Dutse]], babban gari a tsibirin Zanzibar. == Magana == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] i8svi9a4q3we7ov9vxoflsnh8kofi3c 892833 892832 2026-08-08T10:07:10Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tippu Tip''', ko '''Tippu Tib''' ( {{Circa|1837}} &#x2013; Yuni 14n shekarar 1905), ainihin suna '''Hamad ibn Muḥammad ibn Jum'ah bn Rajab bn Muḥammad ibn Sa'īd al Murjabi''' ( Arabic ), ya kasance Afro-Omani hauren giwa kuma mai bawa kuma mai ciniki, mai bincike, gwamna kuma mai shuka . Ya yi aiki ga wasu sarakunan Zanzibar kuma shi ne Sarkin Uterera, jihar da ba ta daɗe ba a Kasongo, Maniema ya yi mulkin kansa da ɗansa [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu]] . Tippu Tip an yi ciniki da bayi don gonakin kaka na [[Zanzibar]] . A matsayin wani ɓangare na babban ciniki mai riba, ya jagoranci balaguron kasuwanci da yawa zuwa [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]], ya gina wuraren kasuwanci masu riba a cikin yankin [[Kongo Basin]] kuma ya zama sanannen bawa da hauren giwa a Afirka, yana wadatar da yawancin duniya da hauren hauren giwa daga ƴan Afirka da aka bautar. == Rayuwar farko == [[Fayil:TipputipPortrait.jpg|thumb| Hoton Tippu Tukwici, Gidan kayan tarihi na Al'ajabi, [[Garin Dutse]], [[Zanzibar]] .]] Dangane da bayanin shekarunsa a wurare daban-daban a rayuwarsa, an yi imanin cewa an haifi Tippu Tip a shekara ta 1832 a Zanzibar. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Mahaifiyar Tippu Tip, Bint Habib bin Bushir, [[Larabawa|Balaraben]] [[Muskat|Muscat]] ce ta masu mulki. Mahaifinsa da kakan mahaifinsa [[Larabawa]] ne na bakin teku na gabar tekun Swahili waɗanda suka shiga balaguron fataucin bayi zuwa cikin gida. Kakansa na mahaifinsa, matar Rajab bin Mohammed bin Said el Murgebi, diyar Juma bin Mohammed el Nebhani, dan gidan Muscat ( [[Oman]] ) mai daraja, kuma mace [[Mutanen Bantu|Bantu]] daga mazauni na Mbuamaji, kudancin abin da zai zama babban birnin Jamus na [[Dar es Salaam]] a gundumar Kigamboni a yau. A tsawon rayuwarsa Hamad bin Muhammad bin Juma bin Rajab el Murjebi an fi saninsa da ''Tippu Tib'', wanda ke fassara zuwa "masu tara dukiya". <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> A cewarsa, an yi masa lakabin Tippu Tip bayan sautin "tiptip" da bindigoginsa suka yi a lokacin balaguro a yankin Chungu. Tun yana ƙarami, Tippu Tip ya jagoranci gungun maza kusan 100 zuwa Afirka ta Tsakiya suna neman bayi da hauren giwa. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Bayan ya wawure filaye da dama, sai ya koma Zanzibar domin ya hada dukiyarsa da daukar mayaƙansa. Bayan haka ya koma babban yankin Afirka. <ref name="Hinde9">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> == Sana'a == Tippu Tukwici ya gina daular cinikin bayi, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin musulmi na biyu mafi arziƙi mai fataucin bayi a tarihi, ta hanyar amfani da kuɗin da aka samu don kafa gonakin ƙwaya a [[Zanzibar]] . Abdul Sheriff ya ruwaito cewa, lokacin da ya bar shekaru goma sha biyu na "gina daular" a kan kasa, bai da wani shuka nasa. A shekara ta 1895, ya sami "shambas" bakwai da 10,000.&nbsp;bayi" Ya sadu da taimaka wa masu bincike na [[Afirka|yammacin Afirka]] da dama, ciki har da David Livingstone da Henry Morton Stanley . {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}} {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}}Tsakanin 1884 da 1887, ya yi iƙirarin [[Kongo Basin|gabashin Kongo]] don kansa da kuma Sarkin Zanzibar, Bargash bin Said el Busaidi . Duk da matsayinsa na mai kare muradun Zanzibar a [[Kongo Basin|Kongo]], ya ci gaba da kyautata alaka da Turawa. A cikin watan Agustan 1886, fada ya barke tsakanin [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] da wakilan Sarki Leopold na biyu na Belgium a Stanley Falls, al-Murjabī ya tafi wurin karamin jakadan Belgium a [[Zanzibar]] domin ya tabbatar masa da "kyakkyawar niyyarsa". Duk da cewa har yanzu yana da karfi a siyasar Afirka ta Tsakiya, amma ya ga a shekara ta 1886 cewa mulki yana canzawa a yankin. === Gwamnan gundumar Stanley Falls === [[Fayil:The_contract_signed_by_Henry_Morton_Stanley_with_slave_trader_Tippu_Tip_on_behalf_of_King_Leopold_II_at_the_British_consulate_in_Zanzibar_in_1887.jpg|thumb| Kwangilar da aka sanya hannu tsakanin Henry Morton Stanley da Tippu Tip a madadin Sarki Leopold II a karamin ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya a Zanzibar a 1887, inda Leopold ya nada Tippu Tip a matsayin gwamnan Stanley Falls District.]] A farkon 1887, Stanley ya isa Zanzibar kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa Tippu Tip ya zama gwamna na gundumar Stanley Falls a cikin Jihar Free Kongo . Dukansu Leopold da Sultan Barghash bin Said na Zanzibar sun yarda kuma a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1887, Tippu Tip ya karɓa. A lokaci guda kuma, ya amince wa mutum balaguron da Stanley ya ba da umarnin shirya domin ceto Emin Pasha (E. Schnitzer), gwamnan Jamus na Equatoria (wani yanki na Ottoman Masar, a yau a [[Sudan ta Kudu]] ) wanda ya makale a yankin Bahr el Ghazal sakamakon tawayen Mahdi a Sudan. Tippu Tukwici ya koma Ƙasar Kongo a cikin kamfanin Stanley, amma wannan lokacin ta hanyar Tekun Atlantika da [[Kogin Congo|kogin Kongo]] . Baya ga shakkun amfaninsa, balaguron agajin ya gamu da cikas saboda kusan halakar da masu tsaronsa suka yi. === Kongo – Yaƙin Larabawa === Bayan ya zama gwamna, [[Yaƙin Larabawa na Kongo|yakin Kongo da Larabawa]] ya barke. Bangarorin biyu sun gwabza da sojojin da suka kunshi galibin sojojin Afirka na cikin gida da ke yaki karkashin jagorancin shugabannin kasashen Larabawa ko na Turai. Lokacin da Tippu Tukwici ya bar Kongo, ikon King Leopold's Free State yana da rauni sosai a sassan Gabashin ƙasar kuma ikon yana tare da manyan Larabci ko Swahili na gida. Daga cikin waɗannan akwai ɗan Tippu Tip [[Sefu bin Hamid]] da wani ɗan kasuwa da aka sani da [[Rumaliza]] a yankin kusa da [[tafkin Tanganyika]] . A shekara ta 1892, [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu bin Hamed]] ya kai hari kan masu sana'ar hauren giwa na Belgium, wadanda ake ganin barazana ce ga kasuwancin Larabawa da Swahili. Gwamnatin Jihar Free ta tura dakaru karkashin kwamanda Francis Dhanis zuwa Gabas. Dhanis ya samu nasara da wuri lokacin da shugaban Ngongo Lutete ya canza salo daga Sefu zuwa nasa. Sojojin Belgium da suka fi dacewa da makamai da tsari sun yi galaba a kan abokan hamayyarsu a fada da dama har zuwa mutuwar Sefu a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1893, daga karshe kuma suka tilasta wa Rumaliza gudu zuwa yankin Jamus a 1895. === Mutuwa === [[Fayil:ZanzibarTipputip.jpg|thumb| Gidan Tippu Tukwici a Garin Dutse, Birnin Zanzibar]] Bayan komawa Zanzibar a kusa da 1890/1891, Tippu Tip ya yi ritaya. Ya tashi ya rubuta labarin rayuwarsa, wanda shine misali na farko na nau'in wallafe-wallafen tarihin kansa a cikin harshen Bantu Swahili . Heinrich Brode [de], wanda ya san shi a Zanzibar, ya rubuta rubutun zuwa rubutun Roman kuma ya fassara shi zuwa Jamusanci. Daga baya aka fassara shi zuwa Turanci kuma aka buga shi a Biritaniya a cikin 1907. Tippu Tip ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1905, sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] (a cewar Brode) a gidansa da ke [[Garin Dutse|Dutsen Dutse]], babban gari a tsibirin Zanzibar. == Magana == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] iylhgcd9vec52p7qr0ue9tjw6f4397u 892835 892833 2026-08-08T10:07:24Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tippu Tip''', ko '''Tippu Tib''' ( {{Circa|1837}} &#x2013; Yuni 14n shekarar 1905), ainihin suna '''Hamad ibn Muḥammad ibn Jum'ah bn Rajab bn Muḥammad ibn Sa'īd al Murjabi''' ( Arabic ), ya kasance Afro-Omani hauren giwa kuma mai bawa kuma mai ciniki, mai bincike, gwamna kuma mai shuka . Ya yi aiki ga wasu sarakunan Zanzibar kuma shi ne Sarkin Uterera, jihar da ba ta daɗe ba a Kasongo, Maniema ya yi mulkin kansa da ɗansa [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu]] . Tippu Tip an yi ciniki da bayi don gonakin kaka na [[Zanzibar]] . A matsayin wani ɓangare na babban ciniki mai riba, ya jagoranci balaguron kasuwanci da yawa zuwa [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]], ya gina wuraren kasuwanci masu riba a cikin yankin [[Kongo Basin]] kuma ya zama sanannen bawa da hauren giwa a Afirka, yana wadatar da yawancin duniya da hauren hauren giwa daga ƴan Afirka da aka bautar. == Rayuwar farko == [[Fayil:TipputipPortrait.jpg|thumb| Hoton Tippu Tukwici, Gidan kayan tarihi na Al'ajabi, [[Garin Dutse]], [[Zanzibar]] .]] Dangane da bayanin shekarunsa a wurare daban-daban a rayuwarsa, an kuma yi imanin cewa an haifi Tippu Tip a shekara ta 1832 a Zanzibar. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Mahaifiyar Tippu Tip, Bint Habib bin Bushir, [[Larabawa|Balaraben]] [[Muskat|Muscat]] ce ta masu mulki. Mahaifinsa da kakan mahaifinsa [[Larabawa]] ne na bakin teku na gabar tekun Swahili waɗanda suka shiga balaguron fataucin bayi zuwa cikin gida. Kakansa na mahaifinsa, matar Rajab bin Mohammed bin Said el Murgebi, diyar Juma bin Mohammed el Nebhani, dan gidan Muscat ( [[Oman]] ) mai daraja, kuma mace [[Mutanen Bantu|Bantu]] daga mazauni na Mbuamaji, kudancin abin da zai zama babban birnin Jamus na [[Dar es Salaam]] a gundumar Kigamboni a yau. A tsawon rayuwarsa Hamad bin Muhammad bin Juma bin Rajab el Murjebi an fi saninsa da ''Tippu Tib'', wanda ke fassara zuwa "masu tara dukiya". <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> A cewarsa, an yi masa lakabin Tippu Tip bayan sautin "tiptip" da bindigoginsa suka yi a lokacin balaguro a yankin Chungu. Tun yana ƙarami, Tippu Tip ya jagoranci gungun maza kusan 100 zuwa Afirka ta Tsakiya suna neman bayi da hauren giwa. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Bayan ya wawure filaye da dama, sai ya koma Zanzibar domin ya hada dukiyarsa da daukar mayaƙansa. Bayan haka ya koma babban yankin Afirka. <ref name="Hinde9">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> == Sana'a == Tippu Tukwici ya gina daular cinikin bayi, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin musulmi na biyu mafi arziƙi mai fataucin bayi a tarihi, ta hanyar amfani da kuɗin da aka samu don kafa gonakin ƙwaya a [[Zanzibar]] . Abdul Sheriff ya ruwaito cewa, lokacin da ya bar shekaru goma sha biyu na "gina daular" a kan kasa, bai da wani shuka nasa. A shekara ta 1895, ya sami "shambas" bakwai da 10,000.&nbsp;bayi" Ya sadu da taimaka wa masu bincike na [[Afirka|yammacin Afirka]] da dama, ciki har da David Livingstone da Henry Morton Stanley . {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}} {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}}Tsakanin 1884 da 1887, ya yi iƙirarin [[Kongo Basin|gabashin Kongo]] don kansa da kuma Sarkin Zanzibar, Bargash bin Said el Busaidi . Duk da matsayinsa na mai kare muradun Zanzibar a [[Kongo Basin|Kongo]], ya ci gaba da kyautata alaka da Turawa. A cikin watan Agustan 1886, fada ya barke tsakanin [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] da wakilan Sarki Leopold na biyu na Belgium a Stanley Falls, al-Murjabī ya tafi wurin karamin jakadan Belgium a [[Zanzibar]] domin ya tabbatar masa da "kyakkyawar niyyarsa". Duk da cewa har yanzu yana da karfi a siyasar Afirka ta Tsakiya, amma ya ga a shekara ta 1886 cewa mulki yana canzawa a yankin. === Gwamnan gundumar Stanley Falls === [[Fayil:The_contract_signed_by_Henry_Morton_Stanley_with_slave_trader_Tippu_Tip_on_behalf_of_King_Leopold_II_at_the_British_consulate_in_Zanzibar_in_1887.jpg|thumb| Kwangilar da aka sanya hannu tsakanin Henry Morton Stanley da Tippu Tip a madadin Sarki Leopold II a karamin ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya a Zanzibar a 1887, inda Leopold ya nada Tippu Tip a matsayin gwamnan Stanley Falls District.]] A farkon 1887, Stanley ya isa Zanzibar kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa Tippu Tip ya zama gwamna na gundumar Stanley Falls a cikin Jihar Free Kongo . Dukansu Leopold da Sultan Barghash bin Said na Zanzibar sun yarda kuma a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1887, Tippu Tip ya karɓa. A lokaci guda kuma, ya amince wa mutum balaguron da Stanley ya ba da umarnin shirya domin ceto Emin Pasha (E. Schnitzer), gwamnan Jamus na Equatoria (wani yanki na Ottoman Masar, a yau a [[Sudan ta Kudu]] ) wanda ya makale a yankin Bahr el Ghazal sakamakon tawayen Mahdi a Sudan. Tippu Tukwici ya koma Ƙasar Kongo a cikin kamfanin Stanley, amma wannan lokacin ta hanyar Tekun Atlantika da [[Kogin Congo|kogin Kongo]] . Baya ga shakkun amfaninsa, balaguron agajin ya gamu da cikas saboda kusan halakar da masu tsaronsa suka yi. === Kongo – Yaƙin Larabawa === Bayan ya zama gwamna, [[Yaƙin Larabawa na Kongo|yakin Kongo da Larabawa]] ya barke. Bangarorin biyu sun gwabza da sojojin da suka kunshi galibin sojojin Afirka na cikin gida da ke yaki karkashin jagorancin shugabannin kasashen Larabawa ko na Turai. Lokacin da Tippu Tukwici ya bar Kongo, ikon King Leopold's Free State yana da rauni sosai a sassan Gabashin ƙasar kuma ikon yana tare da manyan Larabci ko Swahili na gida. Daga cikin waɗannan akwai ɗan Tippu Tip [[Sefu bin Hamid]] da wani ɗan kasuwa da aka sani da [[Rumaliza]] a yankin kusa da [[tafkin Tanganyika]] . A shekara ta 1892, [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu bin Hamed]] ya kai hari kan masu sana'ar hauren giwa na Belgium, wadanda ake ganin barazana ce ga kasuwancin Larabawa da Swahili. Gwamnatin Jihar Free ta tura dakaru karkashin kwamanda Francis Dhanis zuwa Gabas. Dhanis ya samu nasara da wuri lokacin da shugaban Ngongo Lutete ya canza salo daga Sefu zuwa nasa. Sojojin Belgium da suka fi dacewa da makamai da tsari sun yi galaba a kan abokan hamayyarsu a fada da dama har zuwa mutuwar Sefu a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1893, daga karshe kuma suka tilasta wa Rumaliza gudu zuwa yankin Jamus a 1895. === Mutuwa === [[Fayil:ZanzibarTipputip.jpg|thumb| Gidan Tippu Tukwici a Garin Dutse, Birnin Zanzibar]] Bayan komawa Zanzibar a kusa da 1890/1891, Tippu Tip ya yi ritaya. Ya tashi ya rubuta labarin rayuwarsa, wanda shine misali na farko na nau'in wallafe-wallafen tarihin kansa a cikin harshen Bantu Swahili . Heinrich Brode [de], wanda ya san shi a Zanzibar, ya rubuta rubutun zuwa rubutun Roman kuma ya fassara shi zuwa Jamusanci. Daga baya aka fassara shi zuwa Turanci kuma aka buga shi a Biritaniya a cikin 1907. Tippu Tip ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1905, sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] (a cewar Brode) a gidansa da ke [[Garin Dutse|Dutsen Dutse]], babban gari a tsibirin Zanzibar. == Magana == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8ighclrea2p31oew5o7ae5fjnq1n583 892836 892835 2026-08-08T10:07:46Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tippu Tip''', ko '''Tippu Tib''' ( {{Circa|1837}} &#x2013; Yuni 14n shekarar 1905), ainihin suna '''Hamad ibn Muḥammad ibn Jum'ah bn Rajab bn Muḥammad ibn Sa'īd al Murjabi''' ( Arabic ), ya kasance Afro-Omani hauren giwa kuma mai bawa kuma mai ciniki, mai bincike, gwamna kuma mai shuka . Ya yi aiki ga wasu sarakunan Zanzibar kuma shi ne Sarkin Uterera, jihar da ba ta daɗe ba a Kasongo, Maniema ya yi mulkin kansa da ɗansa [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu]] . Tippu Tip an yi ciniki da bayi don gonakin kaka na [[Zanzibar]] . A matsayin wani ɓangare na babban ciniki mai riba, ya jagoranci balaguron kasuwanci da yawa zuwa [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]], ya gina wuraren kasuwanci masu riba a cikin yankin [[Kongo Basin]] kuma ya zama sanannen bawa da hauren giwa a Afirka, yana wadatar da yawancin duniya da hauren hauren giwa daga ƴan Afirka da aka bautar. == Rayuwar farko == [[Fayil:TipputipPortrait.jpg|thumb| Hoton Tippu Tukwici, Gidan kayan tarihi na Al'ajabi, [[Garin Dutse]], [[Zanzibar]] .]] Dangane da bayanin shekarunsa a wurare daban-daban a rayuwarsa, an kuma yi imanin cewa an haifi Tippu Tip a shekara ta 1832 a Zanzibar. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Mahaifiyar Tippu Tip, Bint Habib bin Bushir, [[Larabawa|Balaraben]] [[Muskat|Muscat]] ce ta masu mulki. Mahaifinsa da kakan mahaifinsa [[Larabawa]] ne na bakin teku na gabar tekun Swahili waɗanda suka shiga balaguron fataucin bayi zuwa cikin gida. Kakansa na mahaifinsa, matar Rajab bin Mohammed bin Said el Murgebi, diyar Juma bin Mohammed el Nebhani, dan gidan Muscat ( [[Oman]] ) mai daraja, kuma mace [[Mutanen Bantu|Bantu]] daga mazauni na Mbuamaji, kudancin abin da zai zama babban birnin Jamus na [[Dar es Salaam]] a gundumar Kigamboni a yau. A tsawon rayuwarsa Hamad bin Muhammad bin Juma bin Rajab el Murjebi an fi saninsa da ''Tippu Tib'', wanda ke fassara zuwa "masu tara dukiya". <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> A cewarsa, an yi masa lakabin Tippu Tip bayan sautin "tiptip" da bindigoginsa suka yi a lokacin balaguro a yankin Chungu. Tun yana ƙarami, Tippu Tip ya kuma jagoranci gungun maza kusan 100 zuwa Afirka ta Tsakiya suna neman bayi da hauren giwa. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Bayan ya wawure filaye da dama, sai ya koma Zanzibar domin ya hada dukiyarsa da daukar mayaƙansa. Bayan haka ya koma babban yankin Afirka. <ref name="Hinde9">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> == Sana'a == Tippu Tukwici ya gina daular cinikin bayi, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin musulmi na biyu mafi arziƙi mai fataucin bayi a tarihi, ta hanyar amfani da kuɗin da aka samu don kafa gonakin ƙwaya a [[Zanzibar]] . Abdul Sheriff ya ruwaito cewa, lokacin da ya bar shekaru goma sha biyu na "gina daular" a kan kasa, bai da wani shuka nasa. A shekara ta 1895, ya sami "shambas" bakwai da 10,000.&nbsp;bayi" Ya sadu da taimaka wa masu bincike na [[Afirka|yammacin Afirka]] da dama, ciki har da David Livingstone da Henry Morton Stanley . {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}} {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}}Tsakanin 1884 da 1887, ya yi iƙirarin [[Kongo Basin|gabashin Kongo]] don kansa da kuma Sarkin Zanzibar, Bargash bin Said el Busaidi . Duk da matsayinsa na mai kare muradun Zanzibar a [[Kongo Basin|Kongo]], ya ci gaba da kyautata alaka da Turawa. A cikin watan Agustan 1886, fada ya barke tsakanin [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] da wakilan Sarki Leopold na biyu na Belgium a Stanley Falls, al-Murjabī ya tafi wurin karamin jakadan Belgium a [[Zanzibar]] domin ya tabbatar masa da "kyakkyawar niyyarsa". Duk da cewa har yanzu yana da karfi a siyasar Afirka ta Tsakiya, amma ya ga a shekara ta 1886 cewa mulki yana canzawa a yankin. === Gwamnan gundumar Stanley Falls === [[Fayil:The_contract_signed_by_Henry_Morton_Stanley_with_slave_trader_Tippu_Tip_on_behalf_of_King_Leopold_II_at_the_British_consulate_in_Zanzibar_in_1887.jpg|thumb| Kwangilar da aka sanya hannu tsakanin Henry Morton Stanley da Tippu Tip a madadin Sarki Leopold II a karamin ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya a Zanzibar a 1887, inda Leopold ya nada Tippu Tip a matsayin gwamnan Stanley Falls District.]] A farkon 1887, Stanley ya isa Zanzibar kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa Tippu Tip ya zama gwamna na gundumar Stanley Falls a cikin Jihar Free Kongo . Dukansu Leopold da Sultan Barghash bin Said na Zanzibar sun yarda kuma a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1887, Tippu Tip ya karɓa. A lokaci guda kuma, ya amince wa mutum balaguron da Stanley ya ba da umarnin shirya domin ceto Emin Pasha (E. Schnitzer), gwamnan Jamus na Equatoria (wani yanki na Ottoman Masar, a yau a [[Sudan ta Kudu]] ) wanda ya makale a yankin Bahr el Ghazal sakamakon tawayen Mahdi a Sudan. Tippu Tukwici ya koma Ƙasar Kongo a cikin kamfanin Stanley, amma wannan lokacin ta hanyar Tekun Atlantika da [[Kogin Congo|kogin Kongo]] . Baya ga shakkun amfaninsa, balaguron agajin ya gamu da cikas saboda kusan halakar da masu tsaronsa suka yi. === Kongo – Yaƙin Larabawa === Bayan ya zama gwamna, [[Yaƙin Larabawa na Kongo|yakin Kongo da Larabawa]] ya barke. Bangarorin biyu sun gwabza da sojojin da suka kunshi galibin sojojin Afirka na cikin gida da ke yaki karkashin jagorancin shugabannin kasashen Larabawa ko na Turai. Lokacin da Tippu Tukwici ya bar Kongo, ikon King Leopold's Free State yana da rauni sosai a sassan Gabashin ƙasar kuma ikon yana tare da manyan Larabci ko Swahili na gida. Daga cikin waɗannan akwai ɗan Tippu Tip [[Sefu bin Hamid]] da wani ɗan kasuwa da aka sani da [[Rumaliza]] a yankin kusa da [[tafkin Tanganyika]] . A shekara ta 1892, [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu bin Hamed]] ya kai hari kan masu sana'ar hauren giwa na Belgium, wadanda ake ganin barazana ce ga kasuwancin Larabawa da Swahili. Gwamnatin Jihar Free ta tura dakaru karkashin kwamanda Francis Dhanis zuwa Gabas. Dhanis ya samu nasara da wuri lokacin da shugaban Ngongo Lutete ya canza salo daga Sefu zuwa nasa. Sojojin Belgium da suka fi dacewa da makamai da tsari sun yi galaba a kan abokan hamayyarsu a fada da dama har zuwa mutuwar Sefu a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1893, daga karshe kuma suka tilasta wa Rumaliza gudu zuwa yankin Jamus a 1895. === Mutuwa === [[Fayil:ZanzibarTipputip.jpg|thumb| Gidan Tippu Tukwici a Garin Dutse, Birnin Zanzibar]] Bayan komawa Zanzibar a kusa da 1890/1891, Tippu Tip ya yi ritaya. Ya tashi ya rubuta labarin rayuwarsa, wanda shine misali na farko na nau'in wallafe-wallafen tarihin kansa a cikin harshen Bantu Swahili . Heinrich Brode [de], wanda ya san shi a Zanzibar, ya rubuta rubutun zuwa rubutun Roman kuma ya fassara shi zuwa Jamusanci. Daga baya aka fassara shi zuwa Turanci kuma aka buga shi a Biritaniya a cikin 1907. Tippu Tip ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1905, sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] (a cewar Brode) a gidansa da ke [[Garin Dutse|Dutsen Dutse]], babban gari a tsibirin Zanzibar. == Magana == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mnvw1gm1h39fdt96f1ik5qj1lfkraut 892837 892836 2026-08-08T10:08:00Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tippu Tip''', ko '''Tippu Tib''' ( {{Circa|1837}} &#x2013; Yuni 14n shekarar 1905), ainihin suna '''Hamad ibn Muḥammad ibn Jum'ah bn Rajab bn Muḥammad ibn Sa'īd al Murjabi''' ( Arabic ), ya kasance Afro-Omani hauren giwa kuma mai bawa kuma mai ciniki, mai bincike, gwamna kuma mai shuka . Ya yi aiki ga wasu sarakunan Zanzibar kuma shi ne Sarkin Uterera, jihar da ba ta daɗe ba a Kasongo, Maniema ya yi mulkin kansa da ɗansa [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu]] . Tippu Tip an yi ciniki da bayi don gonakin kaka na [[Zanzibar]] . A matsayin wani ɓangare na babban ciniki mai riba, ya jagoranci balaguron kasuwanci da yawa zuwa [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]], ya gina wuraren kasuwanci masu riba a cikin yankin [[Kongo Basin]] kuma ya zama sanannen bawa da hauren giwa a Afirka, yana wadatar da yawancin duniya da hauren hauren giwa daga ƴan Afirka da aka bautar. == Rayuwar farko == [[Fayil:TipputipPortrait.jpg|thumb| Hoton Tippu Tukwici, Gidan kayan tarihi na Al'ajabi, [[Garin Dutse]], [[Zanzibar]] .]] Dangane da bayanin shekarunsa a wurare daban-daban a rayuwarsa, an kuma yi imanin cewa an haifi Tippu Tip a shekara ta 1832 a Zanzibar. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Mahaifiyar Tippu Tip, Bint Habib bin Bushir, [[Larabawa|Balaraben]] [[Muskat|Muscat]] ce ta masu mulki. Mahaifinsa da kakan mahaifinsa [[Larabawa]] ne na bakin teku na gabar tekun Swahili waɗanda suka shiga balaguron fataucin bayi zuwa cikin gida. Kakansa na mahaifinsa, matar Rajab bin Mohammed bin Said el Murgebi, diyar Juma bin Mohammed el Nebhani, dan gidan Muscat ( [[Oman]] ) mai daraja, kuma mace [[Mutanen Bantu|Bantu]] daga mazauni na Mbuamaji, kudancin abin da zai zama babban birnin Jamus na [[Dar es Salaam]] a gundumar Kigamboni a yau. A tsawon rayuwarsa Hamad bin Muhammad bin Juma bin Rajab el Murjebi an fi saninsa da ''Tippu Tib'', wanda ke fassara zuwa "masu tara dukiya". <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> A cewarsa, an yi masa lakabin Tippu Tip bayan sautin "tiptip" da bindigoginsa suka yi a lokacin balaguro a yankin Chungu. Tun yana ƙarami, Tippu Tip ya kuma jagoranci gungun maza kusan 100 zuwa Afirka ta Tsakiya suna neman bayi da hauren giwa. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Bayan ya wawure filaye da dama, sai ya koma Zanzibar domin ya hada dukiyarsa da daukar mayaƙansa. Bayan haka ya koma babban yankin Afirka. <ref name="Hinde9">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> == Sana'a == Tippu Tukwici ya gina daular cinikin bayi, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin musulmi na biyu mafi arziƙi mai fataucin bayi a tarihi, ta hanyar amfani da kuɗin da aka samu don kafa gonakin ƙwaya a [[Zanzibar]] . Abdul Sheriff ya ruwaito cewa, lokacin da ya bar shekaru goma sha biyu na "gina daular" a kan ƙasa, bai da wani shuka nasa. A shekara ta 1895, ya sami "shambas" bakwai da 10,000.&nbsp;bayi" Ya sadu da taimaka wa masu bincike na [[Afirka|yammacin Afirka]] da dama, ciki har da David Livingstone da Henry Morton Stanley . {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}} {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}}Tsakanin 1884 da 1887, ya yi iƙirarin [[Kongo Basin|gabashin Kongo]] don kansa da kuma Sarkin Zanzibar, Bargash bin Said el Busaidi . Duk da matsayinsa na mai kare muradun Zanzibar a [[Kongo Basin|Kongo]], ya ci gaba da kyautata alaka da Turawa. A cikin watan Agustan 1886, fada ya barke tsakanin [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] da wakilan Sarki Leopold na biyu na Belgium a Stanley Falls, al-Murjabī ya tafi wurin karamin jakadan Belgium a [[Zanzibar]] domin ya tabbatar masa da "kyakkyawar niyyarsa". Duk da cewa har yanzu yana da karfi a siyasar Afirka ta Tsakiya, amma ya ga a shekara ta 1886 cewa mulki yana canzawa a yankin. === Gwamnan gundumar Stanley Falls === [[Fayil:The_contract_signed_by_Henry_Morton_Stanley_with_slave_trader_Tippu_Tip_on_behalf_of_King_Leopold_II_at_the_British_consulate_in_Zanzibar_in_1887.jpg|thumb| Kwangilar da aka sanya hannu tsakanin Henry Morton Stanley da Tippu Tip a madadin Sarki Leopold II a karamin ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya a Zanzibar a 1887, inda Leopold ya nada Tippu Tip a matsayin gwamnan Stanley Falls District.]] A farkon 1887, Stanley ya isa Zanzibar kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa Tippu Tip ya zama gwamna na gundumar Stanley Falls a cikin Jihar Free Kongo . Dukansu Leopold da Sultan Barghash bin Said na Zanzibar sun yarda kuma a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1887, Tippu Tip ya karɓa. A lokaci guda kuma, ya amince wa mutum balaguron da Stanley ya ba da umarnin shirya domin ceto Emin Pasha (E. Schnitzer), gwamnan Jamus na Equatoria (wani yanki na Ottoman Masar, a yau a [[Sudan ta Kudu]] ) wanda ya makale a yankin Bahr el Ghazal sakamakon tawayen Mahdi a Sudan. Tippu Tukwici ya koma Ƙasar Kongo a cikin kamfanin Stanley, amma wannan lokacin ta hanyar Tekun Atlantika da [[Kogin Congo|kogin Kongo]] . Baya ga shakkun amfaninsa, balaguron agajin ya gamu da cikas saboda kusan halakar da masu tsaronsa suka yi. === Kongo – Yaƙin Larabawa === Bayan ya zama gwamna, [[Yaƙin Larabawa na Kongo|yakin Kongo da Larabawa]] ya barke. Bangarorin biyu sun gwabza da sojojin da suka kunshi galibin sojojin Afirka na cikin gida da ke yaki karkashin jagorancin shugabannin kasashen Larabawa ko na Turai. Lokacin da Tippu Tukwici ya bar Kongo, ikon King Leopold's Free State yana da rauni sosai a sassan Gabashin ƙasar kuma ikon yana tare da manyan Larabci ko Swahili na gida. Daga cikin waɗannan akwai ɗan Tippu Tip [[Sefu bin Hamid]] da wani ɗan kasuwa da aka sani da [[Rumaliza]] a yankin kusa da [[tafkin Tanganyika]] . A shekara ta 1892, [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu bin Hamed]] ya kai hari kan masu sana'ar hauren giwa na Belgium, wadanda ake ganin barazana ce ga kasuwancin Larabawa da Swahili. Gwamnatin Jihar Free ta tura dakaru karkashin kwamanda Francis Dhanis zuwa Gabas. Dhanis ya samu nasara da wuri lokacin da shugaban Ngongo Lutete ya canza salo daga Sefu zuwa nasa. Sojojin Belgium da suka fi dacewa da makamai da tsari sun yi galaba a kan abokan hamayyarsu a fada da dama har zuwa mutuwar Sefu a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1893, daga karshe kuma suka tilasta wa Rumaliza gudu zuwa yankin Jamus a 1895. === Mutuwa === [[Fayil:ZanzibarTipputip.jpg|thumb| Gidan Tippu Tukwici a Garin Dutse, Birnin Zanzibar]] Bayan komawa Zanzibar a kusa da 1890/1891, Tippu Tip ya yi ritaya. Ya tashi ya rubuta labarin rayuwarsa, wanda shine misali na farko na nau'in wallafe-wallafen tarihin kansa a cikin harshen Bantu Swahili . Heinrich Brode [de], wanda ya san shi a Zanzibar, ya rubuta rubutun zuwa rubutun Roman kuma ya fassara shi zuwa Jamusanci. Daga baya aka fassara shi zuwa Turanci kuma aka buga shi a Biritaniya a cikin 1907. Tippu Tip ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1905, sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] (a cewar Brode) a gidansa da ke [[Garin Dutse|Dutsen Dutse]], babban gari a tsibirin Zanzibar. == Magana == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] f0ugdiphx6ww5291uagjjs28tgbn1dk 892838 892837 2026-08-08T10:08:12Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tippu Tip''', ko '''Tippu Tib''' ( {{Circa|1837}} &#x2013; Yuni 14n shekarar 1905), ainihin suna '''Hamad ibn Muḥammad ibn Jum'ah bn Rajab bn Muḥammad ibn Sa'īd al Murjabi''' ( Arabic ), ya kasance Afro-Omani hauren giwa kuma mai bawa kuma mai ciniki, mai bincike, gwamna kuma mai shuka . Ya yi aiki ga wasu sarakunan Zanzibar kuma shi ne Sarkin Uterera, jihar da ba ta daɗe ba a Kasongo, Maniema ya yi mulkin kansa da ɗansa [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu]] . Tippu Tip an yi ciniki da bayi don gonakin kaka na [[Zanzibar]] . A matsayin wani ɓangare na babban ciniki mai riba, ya jagoranci balaguron kasuwanci da yawa zuwa [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]], ya gina wuraren kasuwanci masu riba a cikin yankin [[Kongo Basin]] kuma ya zama sanannen bawa da hauren giwa a Afirka, yana wadatar da yawancin duniya da hauren hauren giwa daga ƴan Afirka da aka bautar. == Rayuwar farko == [[Fayil:TipputipPortrait.jpg|thumb| Hoton Tippu Tukwici, Gidan kayan tarihi na Al'ajabi, [[Garin Dutse]], [[Zanzibar]] .]] Dangane da bayanin shekarunsa a wurare daban-daban a rayuwarsa, an kuma yi imanin cewa an haifi Tippu Tip a shekara ta 1832 a Zanzibar. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Mahaifiyar Tippu Tip, Bint Habib bin Bushir, [[Larabawa|Balaraben]] [[Muskat|Muscat]] ce ta masu mulki. Mahaifinsa da kakan mahaifinsa [[Larabawa]] ne na bakin teku na gabar tekun Swahili waɗanda suka shiga balaguron fataucin bayi zuwa cikin gida. Kakansa na mahaifinsa, matar Rajab bin Mohammed bin Said el Murgebi, diyar Juma bin Mohammed el Nebhani, dan gidan Muscat ( [[Oman]] ) mai daraja, kuma mace [[Mutanen Bantu|Bantu]] daga mazauni na Mbuamaji, kudancin abin da zai zama babban birnin Jamus na [[Dar es Salaam]] a gundumar Kigamboni a yau. A tsawon rayuwarsa Hamad bin Muhammad bin Juma bin Rajab el Murjebi an fi saninsa da ''Tippu Tib'', wanda ke fassara zuwa "masu tara dukiya". <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> A cewarsa, an yi masa lakabin Tippu Tip bayan sautin "tiptip" da bindigoginsa suka yi a lokacin balaguro a yankin Chungu. Tun yana ƙarami, Tippu Tip ya kuma jagoranci gungun maza kusan 100 zuwa Afirka ta Tsakiya suna neman bayi da hauren giwa. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Bayan ya wawure filaye da dama, sai ya koma Zanzibar domin ya hada dukiyarsa da daukar mayaƙansa. Bayan haka ya koma babban yankin Afirka. <ref name="Hinde9">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> == Sana'a == Tippu Tukwici ya gina daular cinikin bayi, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin musulmi na biyu mafi arziƙi mai fataucin bayi a tarihi, ta hanyar amfani da kuɗin da aka samu don kafa gonakin ƙwaya a [[Zanzibar]] . Abdul Sheriff ya ruwaito cewa, lokacin da ya bar shekaru goma sha biyu na "gina daular" a kan ƙasa, bai da wani shuka nasa. A shekara ta 1895, ya sami "shambas" bakwai da 10,000.&nbsp;bayi" Ya sadu da taimaka wa masu bincike na [[Afirka|yammacin Afirka]] da dama, ciki har da David Livingstone da Henry Morton Stanley . {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}} {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}}Tsakanin shekarar 1884 da 1887, ya yi iƙirarin [[Kongo Basin|gabashin Kongo]] don kansa da kuma Sarkin Zanzibar, Bargash bin Said el Busaidi . Duk da matsayinsa na mai kare muradun Zanzibar a [[Kongo Basin|Kongo]], ya ci gaba da kyautata alaka da Turawa. A cikin watan Agustan 1886, fada ya barke tsakanin [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] da wakilan Sarki Leopold na biyu na Belgium a Stanley Falls, al-Murjabī ya tafi wurin karamin jakadan Belgium a [[Zanzibar]] domin ya tabbatar masa da "kyakkyawar niyyarsa". Duk da cewa har yanzu yana da karfi a siyasar Afirka ta Tsakiya, amma ya ga a shekara ta 1886 cewa mulki yana canzawa a yankin. === Gwamnan gundumar Stanley Falls === [[Fayil:The_contract_signed_by_Henry_Morton_Stanley_with_slave_trader_Tippu_Tip_on_behalf_of_King_Leopold_II_at_the_British_consulate_in_Zanzibar_in_1887.jpg|thumb| Kwangilar da aka sanya hannu tsakanin Henry Morton Stanley da Tippu Tip a madadin Sarki Leopold II a karamin ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya a Zanzibar a 1887, inda Leopold ya nada Tippu Tip a matsayin gwamnan Stanley Falls District.]] A farkon 1887, Stanley ya isa Zanzibar kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa Tippu Tip ya zama gwamna na gundumar Stanley Falls a cikin Jihar Free Kongo . Dukansu Leopold da Sultan Barghash bin Said na Zanzibar sun yarda kuma a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1887, Tippu Tip ya karɓa. A lokaci guda kuma, ya amince wa mutum balaguron da Stanley ya ba da umarnin shirya domin ceto Emin Pasha (E. Schnitzer), gwamnan Jamus na Equatoria (wani yanki na Ottoman Masar, a yau a [[Sudan ta Kudu]] ) wanda ya makale a yankin Bahr el Ghazal sakamakon tawayen Mahdi a Sudan. Tippu Tukwici ya koma Ƙasar Kongo a cikin kamfanin Stanley, amma wannan lokacin ta hanyar Tekun Atlantika da [[Kogin Congo|kogin Kongo]] . Baya ga shakkun amfaninsa, balaguron agajin ya gamu da cikas saboda kusan halakar da masu tsaronsa suka yi. === Kongo – Yaƙin Larabawa === Bayan ya zama gwamna, [[Yaƙin Larabawa na Kongo|yakin Kongo da Larabawa]] ya barke. Bangarorin biyu sun gwabza da sojojin da suka kunshi galibin sojojin Afirka na cikin gida da ke yaki karkashin jagorancin shugabannin kasashen Larabawa ko na Turai. Lokacin da Tippu Tukwici ya bar Kongo, ikon King Leopold's Free State yana da rauni sosai a sassan Gabashin ƙasar kuma ikon yana tare da manyan Larabci ko Swahili na gida. Daga cikin waɗannan akwai ɗan Tippu Tip [[Sefu bin Hamid]] da wani ɗan kasuwa da aka sani da [[Rumaliza]] a yankin kusa da [[tafkin Tanganyika]] . A shekara ta 1892, [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu bin Hamed]] ya kai hari kan masu sana'ar hauren giwa na Belgium, wadanda ake ganin barazana ce ga kasuwancin Larabawa da Swahili. Gwamnatin Jihar Free ta tura dakaru karkashin kwamanda Francis Dhanis zuwa Gabas. Dhanis ya samu nasara da wuri lokacin da shugaban Ngongo Lutete ya canza salo daga Sefu zuwa nasa. Sojojin Belgium da suka fi dacewa da makamai da tsari sun yi galaba a kan abokan hamayyarsu a fada da dama har zuwa mutuwar Sefu a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1893, daga karshe kuma suka tilasta wa Rumaliza gudu zuwa yankin Jamus a 1895. === Mutuwa === [[Fayil:ZanzibarTipputip.jpg|thumb| Gidan Tippu Tukwici a Garin Dutse, Birnin Zanzibar]] Bayan komawa Zanzibar a kusa da 1890/1891, Tippu Tip ya yi ritaya. Ya tashi ya rubuta labarin rayuwarsa, wanda shine misali na farko na nau'in wallafe-wallafen tarihin kansa a cikin harshen Bantu Swahili . Heinrich Brode [de], wanda ya san shi a Zanzibar, ya rubuta rubutun zuwa rubutun Roman kuma ya fassara shi zuwa Jamusanci. Daga baya aka fassara shi zuwa Turanci kuma aka buga shi a Biritaniya a cikin 1907. Tippu Tip ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1905, sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] (a cewar Brode) a gidansa da ke [[Garin Dutse|Dutsen Dutse]], babban gari a tsibirin Zanzibar. == Magana == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bw74kzjm7fa8vrjbe4veezufmk096d7 892839 892838 2026-08-08T10:08:23Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tippu Tip''', ko '''Tippu Tib''' ( {{Circa|1837}} &#x2013; Yuni 14n shekarar 1905), ainihin suna '''Hamad ibn Muḥammad ibn Jum'ah bn Rajab bn Muḥammad ibn Sa'īd al Murjabi''' ( Arabic ), ya kasance Afro-Omani hauren giwa kuma mai bawa kuma mai ciniki, mai bincike, gwamna kuma mai shuka . Ya yi aiki ga wasu sarakunan Zanzibar kuma shi ne Sarkin Uterera, jihar da ba ta daɗe ba a Kasongo, Maniema ya yi mulkin kansa da ɗansa [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu]] . Tippu Tip an yi ciniki da bayi don gonakin kaka na [[Zanzibar]] . A matsayin wani ɓangare na babban ciniki mai riba, ya jagoranci balaguron kasuwanci da yawa zuwa [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]], ya gina wuraren kasuwanci masu riba a cikin yankin [[Kongo Basin]] kuma ya zama sanannen bawa da hauren giwa a Afirka, yana wadatar da yawancin duniya da hauren hauren giwa daga ƴan Afirka da aka bautar. == Rayuwar farko == [[Fayil:TipputipPortrait.jpg|thumb| Hoton Tippu Tukwici, Gidan kayan tarihi na Al'ajabi, [[Garin Dutse]], [[Zanzibar]] .]] Dangane da bayanin shekarunsa a wurare daban-daban a rayuwarsa, an kuma yi imanin cewa an haifi Tippu Tip a shekara ta 1832 a Zanzibar. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Mahaifiyar Tippu Tip, Bint Habib bin Bushir, [[Larabawa|Balaraben]] [[Muskat|Muscat]] ce ta masu mulki. Mahaifinsa da kakan mahaifinsa [[Larabawa]] ne na bakin teku na gabar tekun Swahili waɗanda suka shiga balaguron fataucin bayi zuwa cikin gida. Kakansa na mahaifinsa, matar Rajab bin Mohammed bin Said el Murgebi, diyar Juma bin Mohammed el Nebhani, dan gidan Muscat ( [[Oman]] ) mai daraja, kuma mace [[Mutanen Bantu|Bantu]] daga mazauni na Mbuamaji, kudancin abin da zai zama babban birnin Jamus na [[Dar es Salaam]] a gundumar Kigamboni a yau. A tsawon rayuwarsa Hamad bin Muhammad bin Juma bin Rajab el Murjebi an fi saninsa da ''Tippu Tib'', wanda ke fassara zuwa "masu tara dukiya". <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> A cewarsa, an yi masa lakabin Tippu Tip bayan sautin "tiptip" da bindigoginsa suka yi a lokacin balaguro a yankin Chungu. Tun yana ƙarami, Tippu Tip ya kuma jagoranci gungun maza kusan 100 zuwa Afirka ta Tsakiya suna neman bayi da hauren giwa. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Bayan ya wawure filaye da dama, sai ya koma Zanzibar domin ya hada dukiyarsa da daukar mayaƙansa. Bayan haka ya koma babban yankin Afirka. <ref name="Hinde9">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> == Sana'a == Tippu Tukwici ya gina daular cinikin bayi, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin musulmi na biyu mafi arziƙi mai fataucin bayi a tarihi, ta hanyar amfani da kuɗin da aka samu don kafa gonakin ƙwaya a [[Zanzibar]] . Abdul Sheriff ya ruwaito cewa, lokacin da ya bar shekaru goma sha biyu na "gina daular" a kan ƙasa, bai da wani shuka nasa. A shekara ta 1895, ya sami "shambas" bakwai da 10,000.&nbsp;bayi" Ya sadu da taimaka wa masu bincike na [[Afirka|yammacin Afirka]] da dama, ciki har da David Livingstone da Henry Morton Stanley . {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}} {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}}Tsakanin shekarar 1884 da 1887, ya yi iƙirarin [[Kongo Basin|gabashin Kongo]] don kansa da kuma Sarkin Zanzibar, Bargash bin Said el Busaidi . Duk da matsayinsa na mai kare muradun Zanzibar a [[Kongo Basin|Kongo]], ya ci gaba da kyautata alaka da Turawa. A cikin watan Agustan 1886, fada ya barke tsakanin [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] da wakilan Sarki Leopold na biyu na Belgium a Stanley Falls, al-Murjabī ya tafi wurin ƙaramin jakadan Belgium a [[Zanzibar]] domin ya tabbatar masa da "kyakkyawar niyyarsa". Duk da cewa har yanzu yana da karfi a siyasar Afirka ta Tsakiya, amma ya ga a shekara ta 1886 cewa mulki yana canzawa a yankin. === Gwamnan gundumar Stanley Falls === [[Fayil:The_contract_signed_by_Henry_Morton_Stanley_with_slave_trader_Tippu_Tip_on_behalf_of_King_Leopold_II_at_the_British_consulate_in_Zanzibar_in_1887.jpg|thumb| Kwangilar da aka sanya hannu tsakanin Henry Morton Stanley da Tippu Tip a madadin Sarki Leopold II a karamin ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya a Zanzibar a 1887, inda Leopold ya nada Tippu Tip a matsayin gwamnan Stanley Falls District.]] A farkon 1887, Stanley ya isa Zanzibar kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa Tippu Tip ya zama gwamna na gundumar Stanley Falls a cikin Jihar Free Kongo . Dukansu Leopold da Sultan Barghash bin Said na Zanzibar sun yarda kuma a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1887, Tippu Tip ya karɓa. A lokaci guda kuma, ya amince wa mutum balaguron da Stanley ya ba da umarnin shirya domin ceto Emin Pasha (E. Schnitzer), gwamnan Jamus na Equatoria (wani yanki na Ottoman Masar, a yau a [[Sudan ta Kudu]] ) wanda ya makale a yankin Bahr el Ghazal sakamakon tawayen Mahdi a Sudan. Tippu Tukwici ya koma Ƙasar Kongo a cikin kamfanin Stanley, amma wannan lokacin ta hanyar Tekun Atlantika da [[Kogin Congo|kogin Kongo]] . Baya ga shakkun amfaninsa, balaguron agajin ya gamu da cikas saboda kusan halakar da masu tsaronsa suka yi. === Kongo – Yaƙin Larabawa === Bayan ya zama gwamna, [[Yaƙin Larabawa na Kongo|yakin Kongo da Larabawa]] ya barke. Bangarorin biyu sun gwabza da sojojin da suka kunshi galibin sojojin Afirka na cikin gida da ke yaki karkashin jagorancin shugabannin kasashen Larabawa ko na Turai. Lokacin da Tippu Tukwici ya bar Kongo, ikon King Leopold's Free State yana da rauni sosai a sassan Gabashin ƙasar kuma ikon yana tare da manyan Larabci ko Swahili na gida. Daga cikin waɗannan akwai ɗan Tippu Tip [[Sefu bin Hamid]] da wani ɗan kasuwa da aka sani da [[Rumaliza]] a yankin kusa da [[tafkin Tanganyika]] . A shekara ta 1892, [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu bin Hamed]] ya kai hari kan masu sana'ar hauren giwa na Belgium, wadanda ake ganin barazana ce ga kasuwancin Larabawa da Swahili. Gwamnatin Jihar Free ta tura dakaru karkashin kwamanda Francis Dhanis zuwa Gabas. Dhanis ya samu nasara da wuri lokacin da shugaban Ngongo Lutete ya canza salo daga Sefu zuwa nasa. Sojojin Belgium da suka fi dacewa da makamai da tsari sun yi galaba a kan abokan hamayyarsu a fada da dama har zuwa mutuwar Sefu a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1893, daga karshe kuma suka tilasta wa Rumaliza gudu zuwa yankin Jamus a 1895. === Mutuwa === [[Fayil:ZanzibarTipputip.jpg|thumb| Gidan Tippu Tukwici a Garin Dutse, Birnin Zanzibar]] Bayan komawa Zanzibar a kusa da 1890/1891, Tippu Tip ya yi ritaya. Ya tashi ya rubuta labarin rayuwarsa, wanda shine misali na farko na nau'in wallafe-wallafen tarihin kansa a cikin harshen Bantu Swahili . Heinrich Brode [de], wanda ya san shi a Zanzibar, ya rubuta rubutun zuwa rubutun Roman kuma ya fassara shi zuwa Jamusanci. Daga baya aka fassara shi zuwa Turanci kuma aka buga shi a Biritaniya a cikin 1907. Tippu Tip ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1905, sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] (a cewar Brode) a gidansa da ke [[Garin Dutse|Dutsen Dutse]], babban gari a tsibirin Zanzibar. == Magana == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7wannfje0kjlhq3yj55grnq6zjfpfbb 892840 892839 2026-08-08T10:08:41Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tippu Tip''', ko '''Tippu Tib''' ( {{Circa|1837}} &#x2013; Yuni 14n shekarar 1905), ainihin suna '''Hamad ibn Muḥammad ibn Jum'ah bn Rajab bn Muḥammad ibn Sa'īd al Murjabi''' ( Arabic ), ya kasance Afro-Omani hauren giwa kuma mai bawa kuma mai ciniki, mai bincike, gwamna kuma mai shuka . Ya yi aiki ga wasu sarakunan Zanzibar kuma shi ne Sarkin Uterera, jihar da ba ta daɗe ba a Kasongo, Maniema ya yi mulkin kansa da ɗansa [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu]] . Tippu Tip an yi ciniki da bayi don gonakin kaka na [[Zanzibar]] . A matsayin wani ɓangare na babban ciniki mai riba, ya jagoranci balaguron kasuwanci da yawa zuwa [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]], ya gina wuraren kasuwanci masu riba a cikin yankin [[Kongo Basin]] kuma ya zama sanannen bawa da hauren giwa a Afirka, yana wadatar da yawancin duniya da hauren hauren giwa daga ƴan Afirka da aka bautar. == Rayuwar farko == [[Fayil:TipputipPortrait.jpg|thumb| Hoton Tippu Tukwici, Gidan kayan tarihi na Al'ajabi, [[Garin Dutse]], [[Zanzibar]] .]] Dangane da bayanin shekarunsa a wurare daban-daban a rayuwarsa, an kuma yi imanin cewa an haifi Tippu Tip a shekara ta 1832 a Zanzibar. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Mahaifiyar Tippu Tip, Bint Habib bin Bushir, [[Larabawa|Balaraben]] [[Muskat|Muscat]] ce ta masu mulki. Mahaifinsa da kakan mahaifinsa [[Larabawa]] ne na bakin teku na gabar tekun Swahili waɗanda suka shiga balaguron fataucin bayi zuwa cikin gida. Kakansa na mahaifinsa, matar Rajab bin Mohammed bin Said el Murgebi, diyar Juma bin Mohammed el Nebhani, dan gidan Muscat ( [[Oman]] ) mai daraja, kuma mace [[Mutanen Bantu|Bantu]] daga mazauni na Mbuamaji, kudancin abin da zai zama babban birnin Jamus na [[Dar es Salaam]] a gundumar Kigamboni a yau. A tsawon rayuwarsa Hamad bin Muhammad bin Juma bin Rajab el Murjebi an fi saninsa da ''Tippu Tib'', wanda ke fassara zuwa "masu tara dukiya". <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> A cewarsa, an yi masa lakabin Tippu Tip bayan sautin "tiptip" da bindigoginsa suka yi a lokacin balaguro a yankin Chungu. Tun yana ƙarami, Tippu Tip ya kuma jagoranci gungun maza kusan 100 zuwa Afirka ta Tsakiya suna neman bayi da hauren giwa. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Bayan ya wawure filaye da dama, sai ya koma Zanzibar domin ya hada dukiyarsa da daukar mayaƙansa. Bayan haka ya koma babban yankin Afirka. <ref name="Hinde9">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> == Sana'a == Tippu Tukwici ya gina daular cinikin bayi, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin musulmi na biyu mafi arziƙi mai fataucin bayi a tarihi, ta hanyar amfani da kuɗin da aka samu don kafa gonakin ƙwaya a [[Zanzibar]] . Abdul Sheriff ya ruwaito cewa, lokacin da ya bar shekaru goma sha biyu na "gina daular" a kan ƙasa, bai da wani shuka nasa. A shekara ta 1895, ya sami "shambas" bakwai da 10,000.&nbsp;bayi" Ya sadu da taimaka wa masu bincike na [[Afirka|yammacin Afirka]] da dama, ciki har da David Livingstone da Henry Morton Stanley . {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}} {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}}Tsakanin shekarar 1884 da 1887, ya yi iƙirarin [[Kongo Basin|gabashin Kongo]] don kansa da kuma Sarkin Zanzibar, Bargash bin Said el Busaidi . Duk da matsayinsa na mai kare muradun Zanzibar a [[Kongo Basin|Kongo]], ya ci gaba da kyautata alaka da Turawa. A cikin watan Agustan 1886, fada ya barke tsakanin [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] da wakilan Sarki Leopold na biyu na Belgium a Stanley Falls, al-Murjabī ya tafi wurin ƙaramin jakadan Belgium a [[Zanzibar]] domin ya tabbatar masa da "kyakkyawar niyyarsa". Duk da cewa har yanzu yana da karfi a siyasar Afirka ta Tsakiya, amma ya ga a shekara ta 1886 cewa mulki yana canzawa a yankin. === Gwamnan gundumar Stanley Falls === [[Fayil:The_contract_signed_by_Henry_Morton_Stanley_with_slave_trader_Tippu_Tip_on_behalf_of_King_Leopold_II_at_the_British_consulate_in_Zanzibar_in_1887.jpg|thumb| Kwangilar da aka sanya hannu tsakanin Henry Morton Stanley da Tippu Tip a madadin Sarki Leopold II a karamin ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya a Zanzibar a shekarar 1887, inda Leopold ya nada Tippu Tip a matsayin gwamnan Stanley Falls District.]] A farkon shekara ta 1887, Stanley ya isa Zanzibar kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa Tippu Tip ya zama gwamna na gundumar Stanley Falls a cikin Jihar Free Kongo . Dukansu Leopold da Sultan Barghash bin Said na Zanzibar sun yarda kuma a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1887, Tippu Tip ya karɓa. A lokaci guda kuma, ya amince wa mutum balaguron da Stanley ya ba da umarnin shirya domin ceto Emin Pasha (E. Schnitzer), gwamnan Jamus na Equatoria (wani yanki na Ottoman Masar, a yau a [[Sudan ta Kudu]] ) wanda ya makale a yankin Bahr el Ghazal sakamakon tawayen Mahdi a Sudan. Tippu Tukwici ya koma Ƙasar Kongo a cikin kamfanin Stanley, amma wannan lokacin ta hanyar Tekun Atlantika da [[Kogin Congo|kogin Kongo]] . Baya ga shakkun amfaninsa, balaguron agajin ya gamu da cikas saboda kusan halakar da masu tsaronsa suka yi. === Kongo – Yaƙin Larabawa === Bayan ya zama gwamna, [[Yaƙin Larabawa na Kongo|yakin Kongo da Larabawa]] ya barke. Bangarorin biyu sun gwabza da sojojin da suka kunshi galibin sojojin Afirka na cikin gida da ke yaki karkashin jagorancin shugabannin kasashen Larabawa ko na Turai. Lokacin da Tippu Tukwici ya bar Kongo, ikon King Leopold's Free State yana da rauni sosai a sassan Gabashin ƙasar kuma ikon yana tare da manyan Larabci ko Swahili na gida. Daga cikin waɗannan akwai ɗan Tippu Tip [[Sefu bin Hamid]] da wani ɗan kasuwa da aka sani da [[Rumaliza]] a yankin kusa da [[tafkin Tanganyika]] . A shekara ta 1892, [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu bin Hamed]] ya kai hari kan masu sana'ar hauren giwa na Belgium, wadanda ake ganin barazana ce ga kasuwancin Larabawa da Swahili. Gwamnatin Jihar Free ta tura dakaru karkashin kwamanda Francis Dhanis zuwa Gabas. Dhanis ya samu nasara da wuri lokacin da shugaban Ngongo Lutete ya canza salo daga Sefu zuwa nasa. Sojojin Belgium da suka fi dacewa da makamai da tsari sun yi galaba a kan abokan hamayyarsu a fada da dama har zuwa mutuwar Sefu a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1893, daga karshe kuma suka tilasta wa Rumaliza gudu zuwa yankin Jamus a 1895. === Mutuwa === [[Fayil:ZanzibarTipputip.jpg|thumb| Gidan Tippu Tukwici a Garin Dutse, Birnin Zanzibar]] Bayan komawa Zanzibar a kusa da 1890/1891, Tippu Tip ya yi ritaya. Ya tashi ya rubuta labarin rayuwarsa, wanda shine misali na farko na nau'in wallafe-wallafen tarihin kansa a cikin harshen Bantu Swahili . Heinrich Brode [de], wanda ya san shi a Zanzibar, ya rubuta rubutun zuwa rubutun Roman kuma ya fassara shi zuwa Jamusanci. Daga baya aka fassara shi zuwa Turanci kuma aka buga shi a Biritaniya a cikin 1907. Tippu Tip ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1905, sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] (a cewar Brode) a gidansa da ke [[Garin Dutse|Dutsen Dutse]], babban gari a tsibirin Zanzibar. == Magana == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1qbsx991gfzrwxks10cqzcr85yaln6o 892841 892840 2026-08-08T10:08:53Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tippu Tip''', ko '''Tippu Tib''' ( {{Circa|1837}} &#x2013; Yuni 14n shekarar 1905), ainihin suna '''Hamad ibn Muḥammad ibn Jum'ah bn Rajab bn Muḥammad ibn Sa'īd al Murjabi''' ( Arabic ), ya kasance Afro-Omani hauren giwa kuma mai bawa kuma mai ciniki, mai bincike, gwamna kuma mai shuka . Ya yi aiki ga wasu sarakunan Zanzibar kuma shi ne Sarkin Uterera, jihar da ba ta daɗe ba a Kasongo, Maniema ya yi mulkin kansa da ɗansa [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu]] . Tippu Tip an yi ciniki da bayi don gonakin kaka na [[Zanzibar]] . A matsayin wani ɓangare na babban ciniki mai riba, ya jagoranci balaguron kasuwanci da yawa zuwa [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]], ya gina wuraren kasuwanci masu riba a cikin yankin [[Kongo Basin]] kuma ya zama sanannen bawa da hauren giwa a Afirka, yana wadatar da yawancin duniya da hauren hauren giwa daga ƴan Afirka da aka bautar. == Rayuwar farko == [[Fayil:TipputipPortrait.jpg|thumb| Hoton Tippu Tukwici, Gidan kayan tarihi na Al'ajabi, [[Garin Dutse]], [[Zanzibar]] .]] Dangane da bayanin shekarunsa a wurare daban-daban a rayuwarsa, an kuma yi imanin cewa an haifi Tippu Tip a shekara ta 1832 a Zanzibar. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Mahaifiyar Tippu Tip, Bint Habib bin Bushir, [[Larabawa|Balaraben]] [[Muskat|Muscat]] ce ta masu mulki. Mahaifinsa da kakan mahaifinsa [[Larabawa]] ne na bakin teku na gabar tekun Swahili waɗanda suka shiga balaguron fataucin bayi zuwa cikin gida. Kakansa na mahaifinsa, matar Rajab bin Mohammed bin Said el Murgebi, diyar Juma bin Mohammed el Nebhani, dan gidan Muscat ( [[Oman]] ) mai daraja, kuma mace [[Mutanen Bantu|Bantu]] daga mazauni na Mbuamaji, kudancin abin da zai zama babban birnin Jamus na [[Dar es Salaam]] a gundumar Kigamboni a yau. A tsawon rayuwarsa Hamad bin Muhammad bin Juma bin Rajab el Murjebi an fi saninsa da ''Tippu Tib'', wanda ke fassara zuwa "masu tara dukiya". <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> A cewarsa, an yi masa lakabin Tippu Tip bayan sautin "tiptip" da bindigoginsa suka yi a lokacin balaguro a yankin Chungu. Tun yana ƙarami, Tippu Tip ya kuma jagoranci gungun maza kusan 100 zuwa Afirka ta Tsakiya suna neman bayi da hauren giwa. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Bayan ya wawure filaye da dama, sai ya koma Zanzibar domin ya hada dukiyarsa da daukar mayaƙansa. Bayan haka ya koma babban yankin Afirka. <ref name="Hinde9">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> == Sana'a == Tippu Tukwici ya gina daular cinikin bayi, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin musulmi na biyu mafi arziƙi mai fataucin bayi a tarihi, ta hanyar amfani da kuɗin da aka samu don kafa gonakin ƙwaya a [[Zanzibar]] . Abdul Sheriff ya ruwaito cewa, lokacin da ya bar shekaru goma sha biyu na "gina daular" a kan ƙasa, bai da wani shuka nasa. A shekara ta 1895, ya sami "shambas" bakwai da 10,000.&nbsp;bayi" Ya sadu da taimaka wa masu bincike na [[Afirka|yammacin Afirka]] da dama, ciki har da David Livingstone da Henry Morton Stanley . {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}} {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}}Tsakanin shekarar 1884 da 1887, ya yi iƙirarin [[Kongo Basin|gabashin Kongo]] don kansa da kuma Sarkin Zanzibar, Bargash bin Said el Busaidi . Duk da matsayinsa na mai kare muradun Zanzibar a [[Kongo Basin|Kongo]], ya ci gaba da kyautata alaka da Turawa. A cikin watan Agustan 1886, fada ya barke tsakanin [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] da wakilan Sarki Leopold na biyu na Belgium a Stanley Falls, al-Murjabī ya tafi wurin ƙaramin jakadan Belgium a [[Zanzibar]] domin ya tabbatar masa da "kyakkyawar niyyarsa". Duk da cewa har yanzu yana da karfi a siyasar Afirka ta Tsakiya, amma ya ga a shekara ta 1886 cewa mulki yana canzawa a yankin. === Gwamnan gundumar Stanley Falls === [[Fayil:The_contract_signed_by_Henry_Morton_Stanley_with_slave_trader_Tippu_Tip_on_behalf_of_King_Leopold_II_at_the_British_consulate_in_Zanzibar_in_1887.jpg|thumb| Kwangilar da aka sanya hannu tsakanin Henry Morton Stanley da Tippu Tip a madadin Sarki Leopold II a karamin ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya a Zanzibar a shekarar 1887, inda Leopold ya nada Tippu Tip a matsayin gwamnan Stanley Falls District.]] A farkon shekara ta 1887, Stanley ya isa Zanzibar kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa Tippu Tip ya zama gwamna na gundumar Stanley Falls a cikin Jihar Free Kongo . Dukansu Leopold da Sultan Barghash bin Said na Zanzibar sun yarda kuma a ranar 24 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1887, Tippu Tip ya karɓa. A lokaci guda kuma, ya amince wa mutum balaguron da Stanley ya ba da umarnin shirya domin ceto Emin Pasha (E. Schnitzer), gwamnan Jamus na Equatoria (wani yanki na Ottoman Masar, a yau a [[Sudan ta Kudu]] ) wanda ya makale a yankin Bahr el Ghazal sakamakon tawayen Mahdi a Sudan. Tippu Tukwici ya koma Ƙasar Kongo a cikin kamfanin Stanley, amma wannan lokacin ta hanyar Tekun Atlantika da [[Kogin Congo|kogin Kongo]] . Baya ga shakkun amfaninsa, balaguron agajin ya gamu da cikas saboda kusan halakar da masu tsaronsa suka yi. === Kongo – Yaƙin Larabawa === Bayan ya zama gwamna, [[Yaƙin Larabawa na Kongo|yakin Kongo da Larabawa]] ya barke. Bangarorin biyu sun gwabza da sojojin da suka kunshi galibin sojojin Afirka na cikin gida da ke yaki karkashin jagorancin shugabannin kasashen Larabawa ko na Turai. Lokacin da Tippu Tukwici ya bar Kongo, ikon King Leopold's Free State yana da rauni sosai a sassan Gabashin ƙasar kuma ikon yana tare da manyan Larabci ko Swahili na gida. Daga cikin waɗannan akwai ɗan Tippu Tip [[Sefu bin Hamid]] da wani ɗan kasuwa da aka sani da [[Rumaliza]] a yankin kusa da [[tafkin Tanganyika]] . A shekara ta 1892, [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu bin Hamed]] ya kai hari kan masu sana'ar hauren giwa na Belgium, wadanda ake ganin barazana ce ga kasuwancin Larabawa da Swahili. Gwamnatin Jihar Free ta tura dakaru karkashin kwamanda Francis Dhanis zuwa Gabas. Dhanis ya samu nasara da wuri lokacin da shugaban Ngongo Lutete ya canza salo daga Sefu zuwa nasa. Sojojin Belgium da suka fi dacewa da makamai da tsari sun yi galaba a kan abokan hamayyarsu a fada da dama har zuwa mutuwar Sefu a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1893, daga karshe kuma suka tilasta wa Rumaliza gudu zuwa yankin Jamus a 1895. === Mutuwa === [[Fayil:ZanzibarTipputip.jpg|thumb| Gidan Tippu Tukwici a Garin Dutse, Birnin Zanzibar]] Bayan komawa Zanzibar a kusa da 1890/1891, Tippu Tip ya yi ritaya. Ya tashi ya rubuta labarin rayuwarsa, wanda shine misali na farko na nau'in wallafe-wallafen tarihin kansa a cikin harshen Bantu Swahili . Heinrich Brode [de], wanda ya san shi a Zanzibar, ya rubuta rubutun zuwa rubutun Roman kuma ya fassara shi zuwa Jamusanci. Daga baya aka fassara shi zuwa Turanci kuma aka buga shi a Biritaniya a cikin 1907. Tippu Tip ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1905, sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] (a cewar Brode) a gidansa da ke [[Garin Dutse|Dutsen Dutse]], babban gari a tsibirin Zanzibar. == Magana == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qwy89ib8vahh52eox5f9c4yo7o344il 892842 892841 2026-08-08T10:09:06Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tippu Tip''', ko '''Tippu Tib''' ( {{Circa|1837}} &#x2013; Yuni 14n shekarar 1905), ainihin suna '''Hamad ibn Muḥammad ibn Jum'ah bn Rajab bn Muḥammad ibn Sa'īd al Murjabi''' ( Arabic ), ya kasance Afro-Omani hauren giwa kuma mai bawa kuma mai ciniki, mai bincike, gwamna kuma mai shuka . Ya yi aiki ga wasu sarakunan Zanzibar kuma shi ne Sarkin Uterera, jihar da ba ta daɗe ba a Kasongo, Maniema ya yi mulkin kansa da ɗansa [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu]] . Tippu Tip an yi ciniki da bayi don gonakin kaka na [[Zanzibar]] . A matsayin wani ɓangare na babban ciniki mai riba, ya jagoranci balaguron kasuwanci da yawa zuwa [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]], ya gina wuraren kasuwanci masu riba a cikin yankin [[Kongo Basin]] kuma ya zama sanannen bawa da hauren giwa a Afirka, yana wadatar da yawancin duniya da hauren hauren giwa daga ƴan Afirka da aka bautar. == Rayuwar farko == [[Fayil:TipputipPortrait.jpg|thumb| Hoton Tippu Tukwici, Gidan kayan tarihi na Al'ajabi, [[Garin Dutse]], [[Zanzibar]] .]] Dangane da bayanin shekarunsa a wurare daban-daban a rayuwarsa, an kuma yi imanin cewa an haifi Tippu Tip a shekara ta 1832 a Zanzibar. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Mahaifiyar Tippu Tip, Bint Habib bin Bushir, [[Larabawa|Balaraben]] [[Muskat|Muscat]] ce ta masu mulki. Mahaifinsa da kakan mahaifinsa [[Larabawa]] ne na bakin teku na gabar tekun Swahili waɗanda suka shiga balaguron fataucin bayi zuwa cikin gida. Kakansa na mahaifinsa, matar Rajab bin Mohammed bin Said el Murgebi, diyar Juma bin Mohammed el Nebhani, dan gidan Muscat ( [[Oman]] ) mai daraja, kuma mace [[Mutanen Bantu|Bantu]] daga mazauni na Mbuamaji, kudancin abin da zai zama babban birnin Jamus na [[Dar es Salaam]] a gundumar Kigamboni a yau. A tsawon rayuwarsa Hamad bin Muhammad bin Juma bin Rajab el Murjebi an fi saninsa da ''Tippu Tib'', wanda ke fassara zuwa "masu tara dukiya". <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> A cewarsa, an yi masa lakabin Tippu Tip bayan sautin "tiptip" da bindigoginsa suka yi a lokacin balaguro a yankin Chungu. Tun yana ƙarami, Tippu Tip ya kuma jagoranci gungun maza kusan 100 zuwa Afirka ta Tsakiya suna neman bayi da hauren giwa. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Bayan ya wawure filaye da dama, sai ya koma Zanzibar domin ya hada dukiyarsa da daukar mayaƙansa. Bayan haka ya koma babban yankin Afirka. <ref name="Hinde9">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> == Sana'a == Tippu Tukwici ya gina daular cinikin bayi, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin musulmi na biyu mafi arziƙi mai fataucin bayi a tarihi, ta hanyar amfani da kuɗin da aka samu don kafa gonakin ƙwaya a [[Zanzibar]] . Abdul Sheriff ya ruwaito cewa, lokacin da ya bar shekaru goma sha biyu na "gina daular" a kan ƙasa, bai da wani shuka nasa. A shekara ta 1895, ya sami "shambas" bakwai da 10,000.&nbsp;bayi" Ya sadu da taimaka wa masu bincike na [[Afirka|yammacin Afirka]] da dama, ciki har da David Livingstone da Henry Morton Stanley . {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}} {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}}Tsakanin shekarar 1884 da 1887, ya yi iƙirarin [[Kongo Basin|gabashin Kongo]] don kansa da kuma Sarkin Zanzibar, Bargash bin Said el Busaidi . Duk da matsayinsa na mai kare muradun Zanzibar a [[Kongo Basin|Kongo]], ya ci gaba da kyautata alaka da Turawa. A cikin watan Agustan 1886, fada ya barke tsakanin [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] da wakilan Sarki Leopold na biyu na Belgium a Stanley Falls, al-Murjabī ya tafi wurin ƙaramin jakadan Belgium a [[Zanzibar]] domin ya tabbatar masa da "kyakkyawar niyyarsa". Duk da cewa har yanzu yana da karfi a siyasar Afirka ta Tsakiya, amma ya ga a shekara ta 1886 cewa mulki yana canzawa a yankin. === Gwamnan gundumar Stanley Falls === [[Fayil:The_contract_signed_by_Henry_Morton_Stanley_with_slave_trader_Tippu_Tip_on_behalf_of_King_Leopold_II_at_the_British_consulate_in_Zanzibar_in_1887.jpg|thumb| Kwangilar da aka sanya hannu tsakanin Henry Morton Stanley da Tippu Tip a madadin Sarki Leopold II a karamin ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya a Zanzibar a shekarar 1887, inda Leopold ya nada Tippu Tip a matsayin gwamnan Stanley Falls District.]] A farkon shekara ta 1887, Stanley ya isa Zanzibar kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa Tippu Tip ya zama gwamna na gundumar Stanley Falls a cikin Jihar Free Kongo . Dukansu Leopold da Sultan Barghash bin Said na Zanzibar sun yarda kuma a ranar 24 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1887, Tippu Tip ya karɓa. A lokaci guda kuma, ya amince wa mutum balaguron da Stanley ya ba da umarnin shirya domin ceto Emin Pasha (E. Schnitzer), gwamnan Jamus na Equatoria (wani yanki na Ottoman Masar, a yau a [[Sudan ta Kudu]] ) wanda ya makale a yankin Bahr el Ghazal sakamakon tawayen Mahdi a Sudan. Tippu Tukwici ya koma Ƙasar Kongo a cikin kamfanin Stanley, amma wannan lokacin ta hanyar Tekun Atlantika da [[Kogin Congo|kogin Kongo]] . Baya ga shakkun amfaninsa, balaguron agajin ya gamu da cikas saboda kusan halakar da masu tsaronsa suka yi. === Kongo – Yaƙin Larabawa === Bayan ya kuma zama gwamna, [[Yaƙin Larabawa na Kongo|yakin Kongo da Larabawa]] ya barke. Bangarorin biyu sun gwabza da sojojin da suka kunshi galibin sojojin Afirka na cikin gida da ke yaki karkashin jagorancin shugabannin kasashen Larabawa ko na Turai. Lokacin da Tippu Tukwici ya bar Kongo, ikon King Leopold's Free State yana da rauni sosai a sassan Gabashin ƙasar kuma ikon yana tare da manyan Larabci ko Swahili na gida. Daga cikin waɗannan akwai ɗan Tippu Tip [[Sefu bin Hamid]] da wani ɗan kasuwa da aka sani da [[Rumaliza]] a yankin kusa da [[tafkin Tanganyika]] . A shekara ta 1892, [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu bin Hamed]] ya kai hari kan masu sana'ar hauren giwa na Belgium, wadanda ake ganin barazana ce ga kasuwancin Larabawa da Swahili. Gwamnatin Jihar Free ta tura dakaru karkashin kwamanda Francis Dhanis zuwa Gabas. Dhanis ya samu nasara da wuri lokacin da shugaban Ngongo Lutete ya canza salo daga Sefu zuwa nasa. Sojojin Belgium da suka fi dacewa da makamai da tsari sun yi galaba a kan abokan hamayyarsu a fada da dama har zuwa mutuwar Sefu a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1893, daga karshe kuma suka tilasta wa Rumaliza gudu zuwa yankin Jamus a 1895. === Mutuwa === [[Fayil:ZanzibarTipputip.jpg|thumb| Gidan Tippu Tukwici a Garin Dutse, Birnin Zanzibar]] Bayan komawa Zanzibar a kusa da 1890/1891, Tippu Tip ya yi ritaya. Ya tashi ya rubuta labarin rayuwarsa, wanda shine misali na farko na nau'in wallafe-wallafen tarihin kansa a cikin harshen Bantu Swahili . Heinrich Brode [de], wanda ya san shi a Zanzibar, ya rubuta rubutun zuwa rubutun Roman kuma ya fassara shi zuwa Jamusanci. Daga baya aka fassara shi zuwa Turanci kuma aka buga shi a Biritaniya a cikin 1907. Tippu Tip ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1905, sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] (a cewar Brode) a gidansa da ke [[Garin Dutse|Dutsen Dutse]], babban gari a tsibirin Zanzibar. == Magana == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ekdgnsm8jaht54vdpjlm164rfkcu8xn 892843 892842 2026-08-08T10:09:50Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tippu Tip''', ko '''Tippu Tib''' ( {{Circa|1837}} &#x2013; Yuni 14n shekarar 1905), ainihin suna '''Hamad ibn Muḥammad ibn Jum'ah bn Rajab bn Muḥammad ibn Sa'īd al Murjabi''' ( Arabic ), ya kasance Afro-Omani hauren giwa kuma mai bawa kuma mai ciniki, mai bincike, gwamna kuma mai shuka . Ya yi aiki ga wasu sarakunan Zanzibar kuma shi ne Sarkin Uterera, jihar da ba ta daɗe ba a Kasongo, Maniema ya yi mulkin kansa da ɗansa [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu]] . Tippu Tip an yi ciniki da bayi don gonakin kaka na [[Zanzibar]] . A matsayin wani ɓangare na babban ciniki mai riba, ya jagoranci balaguron kasuwanci da yawa zuwa [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]], ya gina wuraren kasuwanci masu riba a cikin yankin [[Kongo Basin]] kuma ya zama sanannen bawa da hauren giwa a Afirka, yana wadatar da yawancin duniya da hauren hauren giwa daga ƴan Afirka da aka bautar. == Rayuwar farko == [[Fayil:TipputipPortrait.jpg|thumb| Hoton Tippu Tukwici, Gidan kayan tarihi na Al'ajabi, [[Garin Dutse]], [[Zanzibar]] .]] Dangane da bayanin shekarunsa a wurare daban-daban a rayuwarsa, an kuma yi imanin cewa an haifi Tippu Tip a shekara ta 1832 a Zanzibar. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Mahaifiyar Tippu Tip, Bint Habib bin Bushir, [[Larabawa|Balaraben]] [[Muskat|Muscat]] ce ta masu mulki. Mahaifinsa da kakan mahaifinsa [[Larabawa]] ne na bakin teku na gabar tekun Swahili waɗanda suka shiga balaguron fataucin bayi zuwa cikin gida. Kakansa na mahaifinsa, matar Rajab bin Mohammed bin Said el Murgebi, diyar Juma bin Mohammed el Nebhani, dan gidan Muscat ( [[Oman]] ) mai daraja, kuma mace [[Mutanen Bantu|Bantu]] daga mazauni na Mbuamaji, kudancin abin da zai zama babban birnin Jamus na [[Dar es Salaam]] a gundumar Kigamboni a yau. A tsawon rayuwarsa Hamad bin Muhammad bin Juma bin Rajab el Murjebi an fi saninsa da ''Tippu Tib'', wanda ke fassara zuwa "masu tara dukiya". <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> A cewarsa, an yi masa lakabin Tippu Tip bayan sautin "tiptip" da bindigoginsa suka yi a lokacin balaguro a yankin Chungu. Tun yana ƙarami, Tippu Tip ya kuma jagoranci gungun maza kusan 100 zuwa Afirka ta Tsakiya suna neman bayi da hauren giwa. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Bayan ya wawure filaye da dama, sai ya koma Zanzibar domin ya hada dukiyarsa da daukar mayaƙansa. Bayan haka ya koma babban yankin Afirka. <ref name="Hinde9">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> == Sana'a == Tippu Tukwici ya gina daular cinikin bayi, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin musulmi na biyu mafi arziƙi mai fataucin bayi a tarihi, ta hanyar amfani da kuɗin da aka samu don kafa gonakin ƙwaya a [[Zanzibar]] . Abdul Sheriff ya ruwaito cewa, lokacin da ya bar shekaru goma sha biyu na "gina daular" a kan ƙasa, bai da wani shuka nasa. A shekara ta 1895, ya sami "shambas" bakwai da 10,000.&nbsp;bayi" Ya sadu da taimaka wa masu bincike na [[Afirka|yammacin Afirka]] da dama, ciki har da David Livingstone da Henry Morton Stanley . {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}} {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}}Tsakanin shekarar 1884 da 1887, ya yi iƙirarin [[Kongo Basin|gabashin Kongo]] don kansa da kuma Sarkin Zanzibar, Bargash bin Said el Busaidi . Duk da matsayinsa na mai kare muradun Zanzibar a [[Kongo Basin|Kongo]], ya ci gaba da kyautata alaka da Turawa. A cikin watan Agustan 1886, fada ya barke tsakanin [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] da wakilan Sarki Leopold na biyu na Belgium a Stanley Falls, al-Murjabī ya tafi wurin ƙaramin jakadan Belgium a [[Zanzibar]] domin ya tabbatar masa da "kyakkyawar niyyarsa". Duk da cewa har yanzu yana da karfi a siyasar Afirka ta Tsakiya, amma ya ga a shekara ta 1886 cewa mulki yana canzawa a yankin. === Gwamnan gundumar Stanley Falls === [[Fayil:The_contract_signed_by_Henry_Morton_Stanley_with_slave_trader_Tippu_Tip_on_behalf_of_King_Leopold_II_at_the_British_consulate_in_Zanzibar_in_1887.jpg|thumb| Kwangilar da aka sanya hannu tsakanin Henry Morton Stanley da Tippu Tip a madadin Sarki Leopold II a karamin ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya a Zanzibar a shekarar 1887, inda Leopold ya nada Tippu Tip a matsayin gwamnan Stanley Falls District.]] A farkon shekara ta 1887, Stanley ya isa Zanzibar kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa Tippu Tip ya zama gwamna na gundumar Stanley Falls a cikin Jihar Free Kongo . Dukansu Leopold da Sultan Barghash bin Said na Zanzibar sun yarda kuma a ranar 24 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1887, Tippu Tip ya karɓa. A lokaci guda kuma, ya amince wa mutum balaguron da Stanley ya ba da umarnin shirya domin ceto Emin Pasha (E. Schnitzer), gwamnan Jamus na Equatoria (wani yanki na Ottoman Masar, a yau a [[Sudan ta Kudu]] ) wanda ya makale a yankin Bahr el Ghazal sakamakon tawayen Mahdi a Sudan. Tippu Tukwici ya koma Ƙasar Kongo a cikin kamfanin Stanley, amma wannan lokacin ta hanyar Tekun Atlantika da [[Kogin Congo|kogin Kongo]] . Baya ga shakkun amfaninsa, balaguron agajin ya gamu da cikas saboda kusan halakar da masu tsaronsa suka yi. === Kongo – Yaƙin Larabawa === Bayan ya kuma zama gwamna, [[Yaƙin Larabawa na Kongo|yakin Kongo da Larabawa]] ya barke. Bangarorin biyu sun gwabza da sojojin da suka kunshi galibin sojojin Afirka na cikin gida da ke yaki karkashin jagorancin shugabannin kasashen Larabawa ko na Turai. Lokacin da Tippu Tukwici ya bar Kongo, ikon King Leopold's Free State yana da rauni sosai a sassan Gabashin ƙasar kuma ikon yana tare da manyan Larabci ko Swahili na gida. Daga cikin waɗannan akwai ɗan Tippu Tip [[Sefu bin Hamid]] da wani ɗan kasuwa da aka sani da [[Rumaliza]] a yankin kusa da [[tafkin Tanganyika]] . A shekara ta 1892, [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu bin Hamed]] ya kai hari kan masu sana'ar hauren giwa na Belgium, wadanda ake ganin barazana ce ga kasuwancin Larabawa da Swahili. Gwamnatin Jihar Free ta tura dakaru karkashin kwamanda Francis Dhanis zuwa Gabas. Dhanis ya samu nasara da wuri lokacin da shugaban Ngongo Lutete ya canza salo daga Sefu zuwa nasa. Sojojin Belgium da suka fi dacewa da makamai da tsari sun yi galaba a kan abokan hamayyarsu a faɗa da dama har zuwa mutuwar Sefu a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1893, daga ƙarshe kuma suka tilasta wa Rumaliza gudu zuwa yankin Jamus a 1895. === Mutuwa === [[Fayil:ZanzibarTipputip.jpg|thumb| Gidan Tippu Tukwici a Garin Dutse, Birnin Zanzibar]] Bayan komawa Zanzibar a kusa da 1890/1891, Tippu Tip ya yi ritaya. Ya tashi ya rubuta labarin rayuwarsa, wanda shine misali na farko na nau'in wallafe-wallafen tarihin kansa a cikin harshen Bantu Swahili . Heinrich Brode [de], wanda ya san shi a Zanzibar, ya rubuta rubutun zuwa rubutun Roman kuma ya fassara shi zuwa Jamusanci. Daga baya aka fassara shi zuwa Turanci kuma aka buga shi a Biritaniya a cikin 1907. Tippu Tip ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1905, sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] (a cewar Brode) a gidansa da ke [[Garin Dutse|Dutsen Dutse]], babban gari a tsibirin Zanzibar. == Magana == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nnkjvw199cw8h4nmz9avbeac9ieaudy 892844 892843 2026-08-08T10:11:34Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tippu Tip''', ko '''Tippu Tib''' ( {{Circa|1837}} &#x2013; Yuni 14n shekarar 1905), ainihin suna '''Hamad ibn Muḥammad ibn Jum'ah bn Rajab bn Muḥammad ibn Sa'īd al Murjabi''' ( Arabic ), ya kasance Afro-Omani hauren giwa kuma mai bawa kuma mai ciniki, mai bincike, gwamna kuma mai shuka . Ya yi aiki ga wasu sarakunan Zanzibar kuma shi ne Sarkin Uterera, jihar da ba ta daɗe ba a Kasongo, Maniema ya yi mulkin kansa da ɗansa [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu]] . Tippu Tip an yi ciniki da bayi don gonakin kaka na [[Zanzibar]] . A matsayin wani ɓangare na babban ciniki mai riba, ya jagoranci balaguron kasuwanci da yawa zuwa [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]], ya gina wuraren kasuwanci masu riba a cikin yankin [[Kongo Basin]] kuma ya zama sanannen bawa da hauren giwa a Afirka, yana wadatar da yawancin duniya da hauren hauren giwa daga ƴan Afirka da aka bautar. == Rayuwar farko == [[Fayil:TipputipPortrait.jpg|thumb| Hoton Tippu Tukwici, Gidan kayan tarihi na Al'ajabi, [[Garin Dutse]], [[Zanzibar]] .]] Dangane da bayanin shekarunsa a wurare daban-daban a rayuwarsa, an kuma yi imanin cewa an haifi Tippu Tip a shekara ta 1832 a Zanzibar. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Mahaifiyar Tippu Tip, Bint Habib bin Bushir, [[Larabawa|Balaraben]] [[Muskat|Muscat]] ce ta masu mulki. Mahaifinsa da kakan mahaifinsa [[Larabawa]] ne na bakin teku na gabar tekun Swahili waɗanda suka shiga balaguron fataucin bayi zuwa cikin gida. Kakansa na mahaifinsa, matar Rajab bin Mohammed bin Said el Murgebi, diyar Juma bin Mohammed el Nebhani, dan gidan Muscat ( [[Oman]] ) mai daraja, kuma mace [[Mutanen Bantu|Bantu]] daga mazauni na Mbuamaji, kudancin abin da zai zama babban birnin Jamus na [[Dar es Salaam]] a gundumar Kigamboni a yau. A tsawon rayuwarsa Hamad bin Muhammad bin Juma bin Rajab el Murjebi an fi saninsa da ''Tippu Tib'', wanda ke fassara zuwa "masu tara dukiya". <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> A cewarsa, an yi masa lakabin Tippu Tip bayan sautin "tiptip" da bindigoginsa suka yi a lokacin balaguro a yankin Chungu. Tun yana ƙarami, Tippu Tip ya kuma jagoranci gungun maza kusan 100 zuwa Afirka ta Tsakiya suna neman bayi da hauren giwa. <ref name="Hinde8">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> Bayan ya wawure filaye da dama, sai ya koma Zanzibar domin ya hada dukiyarsa da daukar mayaƙansa. Bayan haka ya koma babban yankin Afirka. <ref name="Hinde9">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hinde|1897}}</ref> == Sana'a == Tippu Tukwici ya gina daular cinikin bayi, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin musulmi na biyu mafi arziƙi mai fataucin bayi a tarihi, ta hanyar amfani da kuɗin da aka samu don kafa gonakin ƙwaya a [[Zanzibar]] . Abdul Sheriff ya ruwaito cewa, lokacin da ya bar shekaru goma sha biyu na "gina daular" a kan ƙasa, bai da wani shuka nasa. A shekara ta 1895, ya sami "shambas" bakwai da 10,000.&nbsp;bayi" Ya sadu da taimaka wa masu bincike na [[Afirka|yammacin Afirka]] da dama, ciki har da David Livingstone da Henry Morton Stanley . {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}} {{Rp|Vol. Two,91–97}}Tsakanin shekarar 1884 da 1887, ya yi iƙirarin [[Kongo Basin|gabashin Kongo]] don kansa da kuma Sarkin Zanzibar, Bargash bin Said el Busaidi . Duk da matsayinsa na mai kare muradun Zanzibar a [[Kongo Basin|Kongo]], ya ci gaba da kyautata alaka da Turawa. A cikin watan Agustan 1886, fada ya barke tsakanin [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] da wakilan Sarki Leopold na biyu na Belgium a Stanley Falls, al-Murjabī ya tafi wurin ƙaramin jakadan Belgium a [[Zanzibar]] domin ya tabbatar masa da "kyakkyawar niyyarsa". Duk da cewa har yanzu yana da karfi a siyasar Afirka ta Tsakiya, amma ya ga a shekara ta 1886 cewa mulki yana canzawa a yankin. === Gwamnan gundumar Stanley Falls === [[Fayil:The_contract_signed_by_Henry_Morton_Stanley_with_slave_trader_Tippu_Tip_on_behalf_of_King_Leopold_II_at_the_British_consulate_in_Zanzibar_in_1887.jpg|thumb| Kwangilar da aka sanya hannu tsakanin Henry Morton Stanley da Tippu Tip a madadin Sarki Leopold II a karamin ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya a Zanzibar a shekarar 1887, inda Leopold ya nada Tippu Tip a matsayin gwamnan Stanley Falls District.]] A farkon shekara ta 1887, Stanley ya isa Zanzibar kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa Tippu Tip ya zama gwamna na gundumar Stanley Falls a cikin Jihar Free Kongo . Dukansu Leopold da Sultan Barghash bin Said na Zanzibar sun yarda kuma a ranar 24 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1887, Tippu Tip ya karɓa. A lokaci guda kuma, ya amince wa mutum balaguron da Stanley ya ba da umarnin shirya domin ceto Emin Pasha (E. Schnitzer), gwamnan Jamus na Equatoria (wani yanki na Ottoman Masar, a yau a [[Sudan ta Kudu]] ) wanda ya makale a yankin Bahr el Ghazal sakamakon tawayen Mahdi a Sudan. Tippu Tukwici ya koma Ƙasar Kongo a cikin kamfanin Stanley, amma wannan lokacin ta hanyar Tekun Atlantika da [[Kogin Congo|kogin Kongo]] . Baya ga shakkun amfaninsa, balaguron agajin ya gamu da cikas saboda kusan halakar da masu tsaronsa suka yi. === Kongo – Yaƙin Larabawa === Bayan ya kuma zama gwamna, [[Yaƙin Larabawa na Kongo|yakin Kongo da Larabawa]] ya barke. Bangarorin biyu sun gwabza da sojojin da suka kunshi galibin sojojin Afirka na cikin gida da ke yaki karkashin jagorancin shugabannin kasashen Larabawa ko na Turai. Lokacin da Tippu Tukwici ya bar Kongo, ikon King Leopold's Free State yana da rauni sosai a sassan Gabashin ƙasar kuma ikon yana tare da manyan Larabci ko Swahili na gida. Daga cikin waɗannan akwai ɗan Tippu Tip [[Sefu bin Hamid]] da wani ɗan kasuwa da aka sani da [[Rumaliza]] a yankin kusa da [[tafkin Tanganyika]] . A shekara ta 1892, [[Sefu bin Hamid|Sefu bin Hamed]] ya kai hari kan masu sana'ar hauren giwa na Belgium, wadanda ake ganin barazana ce ga kasuwancin Larabawa da Swahili. Gwamnatin Jihar Free ta tura dakaru karkashin kwamanda Francis Dhanis zuwa Gabas. Dhanis ya samu nasara da wuri lokacin da shugaban Ngongo Lutete ya canza salo daga Sefu zuwa nasa. Sojojin Belgium da suka fi dacewa da makamai da tsari sun yi galaba a kan abokan hamayyarsu a faɗa da dama har zuwa mutuwar Sefu a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1893, daga ƙarshe kuma suka tilasta wa Rumaliza gudu zuwa yankin Jamus a 1895. === Mutuwa === [[Fayil:ZanzibarTipputip.jpg|thumb| Gidan Tippu Tukwici a Garin Dutse, Birnin Zanzibar]] Bayan komawa Zanzibar a kusa da 1890/1891, Tippu Tip ya yi ritaya. Ya tashi ya rubuta labarin rayuwarsa, wanda shine misali na farko na nau'in wallafe-wallafen tarihin kansa a cikin harshen Bantu Swahili . Heinrich Brode [de], wanda ya san shi a Zanzibar, ya rubuta rubutun zuwa rubutun Roman kuma ya fassara shi zuwa Jamusanci. Daga baya aka fassara shi zuwa Turanci kuma aka buga shi a Biritaniya a cikin shekarar 1907. Tippu Tip ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Yunin shekarar 1905, sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] (a cewar Brode) a gidansa da ke [[Garin Dutse|Dutsen Dutse]], babban gari a tsibirin Zanzibar. == Magana == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2n0my9k39uxwli0m82x3pppxxgcu90z 0 102656 892742 665308 2026-08-08T05:50:02Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 892742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Otal din Ledger Plaza''' otal ne mai taurari 5 a [[Bangui]], [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]] . == Tarihi == François Bozizé, Sylvie Annick Mazoungou, da Jakadan [[Libya]] a CAR sun kaddamar da Otal din Ledger Plaza a ranar 15 ga Satumba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Krock |first=Fred |date=19 September 2012 |title=Centrafrique : inauguration du premier hôtel 5 étoiles, Ledger Plaza à Bangui |url=https://www.afrik.com/centrafrique-inauguration-du-premier-hotel-5-etoiles-ledger-plaza-a-bangui |access-date=12 November 2023 |website=afrik.com |publisher=Afrik}}</ref> A lokacin gwamnatin [[Seleka]], 'yan bindiga sun mamaye otal ɗin kuma Michel Djotodia ya zauna a cikin ɗakin ɗakin shugaban kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AP |first=AP |title=C. African Republic rebels refuge at luxury hotel |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/04/17/african-rebels-luxury-hotel/2090945/ |access-date=12 November 2023 |website=usatoday.com |publisher=USA Today}}</ref> A cikin 2014, Ziad Zarzour ya zama Shugaba na otal ɗin kuma a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, an yi amfani da kuɗi na miliyoyin CFA. A cikin 2021, an maye gurbin Shugaba na otal ɗin zuwa Chokri Ben Abdallah . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pabandji |first=Pacôme |title=Centrafrique : au Ledger Plaza, la fin d'un improbable feuilleton ? |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1289819/politique/centrafrique-au-ledger-plaza-la-fin-dun-improbable-feuilleton/ |access-date=12 November 2023 |website=jeuneafrique.com |publisher=Jeune Afrique}}</ref> Arem Group ta sayi Otal din Ledger Plaza daga LAICO a watan Maris na shekara ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Africa Intelligence |first=Africa Intelligence |date=15 April 2022 |title=Tunisian Walid Arem seizes Libyan state-owned hotels in Africa |url=https://tabadul.tv/en/tunisian-walid-arem-seizes-libyan-state-owned-hotels-in-africa/ |access-date=12 November 2023 |website=tabadul.tv |publisher=Tabadul}}</ref> == Gidaje == Otal din yana da dakuna 156.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ledger Plaza Bangui Hotel |url=https://ledgerplaza-bangui.com/?page_id=28&lang=en |website=ledgerplaza-bangui.com |publisher=Ledger Plaza Hotel Bangui |access-date=12 November 2023}}</ref> Baya ga wannan, akwai gidan cin abinci, mashaya mai cin abinci, tafkin yin iyo, dakin motsa jiki, filin wasan tennis, wurin shakatawa, da kuma zauren biki. Ana samun WIFI kyauta a otal ɗin.<ref>{{cite web |last1=David |first1=David |title=Experience: Laico Ledger Plaza Bangui |url=https://world-adventurer.com/experience-laico-ledger-plaza-bangui/ |website=world-adventurer.com |date=10 November 2016 |publisher=World Adventurer |access-date=12 November 2023 |archive-date=12 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112160309/https://world-adventurer.com/experience-laico-ledger-plaza-bangui/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rikici == === Yanayin aiki === A cikin 2020, ma'aikatan Afirka ta Tsakiya sun yi kuka game da yanayin talauci da suka samu, kamar albashi, babu fa'idodi, da kuma dakatar da rance na shekaru biyu, ba kamar ma'aikatan kasashen waje da suka sami albashi da fa'idori masu yawa ba. Saboda haka, ma'aikatan yankin sun bukaci karuwar albashi har zuwa 50% da biyan amfanin yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moloma |first=Gisèle |date=18 November 2020 |title=RCA : hôtel Ledger Plazza, les employés dénoncent leur condition de travail difficile |url=https://corbeaunews-centrafrique.org/rca-hotel-ledger-plazza-les-employes-denoncent-leur-condition-de-travail-difficile/ |access-date=12 November 2023 |website=corbeaunews-centrafrique.org |publisher=Corbeau News Centrafrique}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Moloma |first=Gisèle |date=19 November 2020 |title=RCA : hôtel Ledger Plazza, les employés dénoncent le management de leur DG (troisième partie) |url=https://corbeaunews-centrafrique.org/rca-hotel-ledger-plazza-les-employes-denoncent-le-management-de-leur-dg-troisieme-partie/ |access-date=12 November 2023 |website=corbeaunews-centrafrique.org |publisher=Corbeau News Centrafrique}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == t39l5w8hak3b9aso307cd36dk0d6ovk 0 102999 892603 727204 2026-08-07T13:37:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mandisa Monakali''' (ya mutu 3 Nuwamba 2024) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gugulethu mourns loss of activist Mandisa Monakali, champion for women and children's rights |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/community-newspaper/city-vision/gugulethu-mourns-loss-of-activist-mandisa-monakali-champion-for-women-and-childrens-rights-20241107}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Rights activist, Mandisa Monakali laid to rest - eNCA |url=https://www.enca.com/news/human-rights-activist-mandisa-monakali-laid-rest}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement by the United Nations Resident Coordinator and Country Team in South Africa on the Passing of Ms. Mandisa Monakali &#124; United Nations in South Africa |url=https://southafrica.un.org/en/283046-statement-united-nations-resident-coordinator-and-country-team-south-africa-passing-ms}}</ref> ta kasance mai magana da jama'a na Afirka ta Kudu, malama, ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa, mai bincike, mai ba da shawara, mai ba da shawara, manajar ayyuka, mai tsara dabaru, bita da kuma mai shirya al'umma. Ita ce ta kafa kuma Babbar Darakta na Ilitha Labantu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 Dec 2017 |title=Taking A Stand Against Abuse |url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/cape-argus/20171204/281818579158267 |via=PressReader}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=#DontLookAway: Founder of Ilitha Labantu takes a stand against abuse |url=https://www.iol.co.za/capeargus/news/dontlookaway-founder-of-ilitha-labantu-takes-a-stand-against-abuse-12260166}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Free wi-fi spots declared in Gugs |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Local/City-Vision/free-wi-fi-spots-declared-in-gugs-20160629}}</ref> Ayyukan Monakali sun magance batutuwa kamar cin zarafin mata da yara, 'yancin ɗan adam, daidaito, raya karkara, muradun ƙarni , da kuma ci gaba mai ɗorewa. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Mandisa Monakali a birnin Cape Town na Afirka ta Kudu. Ta fara bayar da shawarwari kan yancin mata tun tana shekara 16. A lokacin mulkin wariyar launin fata, ta fara wani shiri na ilmantar da mata a gidanta. An kama ta kuma ta yi watanni 18 a gidan yari. Bayan an sake ta ta zauna a ƙarƙashin ƙasa tsawon shekara guda har sai da ta kasance lafiya.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta ID Mkize a [[Cape Town]]. Daga nan ta halarci [[Jami'ar Yammacin Cape|Jami'ar Western Cape]], inda ta karanta ilimin preschool. Ta kammala karatu daga jami'a tare da Bachelor of Arts a shekarar 1983.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Sana'a == Monakali ta yi amfani da mafi yawan shekarunta na balaga wajen ci gaban bil'adama da al'umma, tare da mai da hankali kan bunƙasa jinsi da horar da mata da matasa jagoranci.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2024}}Ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Muhalli da Ci gaban Mata (WEDO), kuma ta shirya Tantin Ayyukan Mata a taron koli na duniya kan ci <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">gaba</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D; &#x5B;</sup> . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2016 |title=AFRICA: PROGRESS MADE ON LAND ACCESS FOR WOMEN |url=https://www.pambazuka.org/gender-minorities/africa-progress-made-land-access-women |website=Pambazuka News}}</ref> Monakali da Litha Musyimi-Ogana, Daraktan Yanki na Cibiyar Ƙarfafawa ta Afirka a [[Kenya]], sun shirya Jirgin Lafiya na Mata a lokacin taron 2002 na Duniya kan Ci Gaba mai Ɗorewa (WSSD), 27 Agusta - 4 Satumba 2002. Jirgin zaman lafiya na mata ya yi tattaki daga [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Mata daga ƙasashen Afirka da dama sun raka jirgin kasan zaman lafiya domin bayar da shawarwari da neman kawo ƙarshen yake-yake da rikici a ƙasashen su. Manufar Train Peace kamar yadda ya bayyana a cikin gayyata da suka aika; "Don isar da sako mai karfi ga shugabannin nahiyar, masu fafutukar yaki, da sojoji, da 'yan daba, masu sayar da makamai da dillalai a nahiyar Afirka cewa, mata na son zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali ga 'ya'yansu da kuma al'ummomin da za su zo nan gaba tare da yin kira ga shugabanni da masu yin waɗannan yake-yake da su kawo ƙarshen su." Sakon zuwa ga WSSD shine cewa za a iya samun ci gaba mai ɗorewa ba tare da magance zaman lafiya ba. A ranar 15 ga watan Agusta ne aka kaddamar da jirgin kasan mata na Afirka na zaman lafiya a birnin Kampala na ƙasar Uganda tare da wani biki inda aka karɓi Tocilan zaman lafiya. Jirgin zaman lafiya ya bi ta Kenya, [[Tanzaniya]], Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Botswana kuma ya ƙare a Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu don taron koli na duniya kan ci gaba mai ɗorewa (WSSD) a ranar 25 ga watan Agusta 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Africa Women′s Peace Train: 16 August - ... {{!}} Gale Contemporary Women′s Issues |url=http://www.genios.de/fachzeitschriften/artikel,CWI,20021201,the-africa-women-s-peace-train-16-a,3752981.html |access-date=2018-01-24 |website=www.genios.de |language=de |archive-date=2017-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044239/http://www.genios.de/fachzeitschriften/artikel,CWI,20021201,the-africa-women-s-peace-train-16-a,3752981.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Un World Summit on Sustainable Development |url=http://www.fire.or.cr/agosto02/ingles/wssd2.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090911122221/http://www.fire.or.cr/agosto02/ingles/wssd2.htm |archive-date=11 September 2009 |access-date=22 November 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=UN WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT |url=http://www.fire.or.cr/agosto02/ingles/wssd2.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090911122221/http://www.fire.or.cr/agosto02/ingles/wssd2.htm |archive-date=11 September 2009 |access-date=22 November 2017 |website=www.fire.or.cr}}</ref> <ref name="city">{{Cite web |date=2002-10-16 |title=A Sustainable World is Possible – Outcomes of the Global Peoples Forum at the World Summit on Sustainable Development |url=http://www.staff.city.ac.uk/p.willetts/NGOS/WSSD/GPFOUTCM.PDF |access-date=2017-11-22}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2005 da 2015, Monakali ta wakilci Afirka ta Kudu a taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na shekara-shekara kan matsayin mata. Ta bayyana a CSW59 a cikin shekarar 2015; "A gare mu Beijing +20 ba batun Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ba ne, ya shafi rayuwarmu ta yau da kullum a matsayin matan Afirka ta Kudu kuma kuna iya ganin abin da ke faruwa a ƙasar yanzu. Yawan matan da muke da su a gine-gine ya ƙaru." <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2015 |title=Our country's women - Municipal Focus Magazine |url=http://municipalfocus.co.za/our-countrys-women/ |publisher= |access-date=24 June 2025 |archive-date=1 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040635/http://municipalfocus.co.za/our-countrys-women/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu shirya shirin Take Back the Night a Afirka ta Kudu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Ilithia Labantu === An kafa Ilitha Labantu a cikin shekarar 1989 kuma an yi masa rajista a matsayin NGO mai zaman kanta a [[Afirka ta Kudu]] tare da Sashen Ci gaban Jama'a a shekarar 2003. Sabis ne na zamantakewa da ƙungiyar ilimi na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ke aiki kuma yana ba da sabis ga marasa galihu na Gugulethu, Township (Afrika ta Kudu) a cikin Western Cape Town. Mandisa tana shiga duniya a cikin taro da abubuwan da ke wakiltar Ilitha da Afirka ta Kudu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hearings |url=https://www.unngls.org/index.php/hearings-mgd10 |access-date=2018-01-24 |website=www.unngls.org |language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref name="bizcommunity">{{Cite web |title=Committed to providing essential support |url=http://m.bizcommunity.com/Print.aspx?l=196&c=13&ct=1&ci=92405 |access-date=2017-11-22 |website=m.bizcommunity.com}}</ref> Kungiyar na inganta zaman lafiya da ci gaba tare da mai da hankali kan karfafa tattalin arziki, da kuma kawar da cin zarafin mata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Woman of courage |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/woman-of-courage-20180502 |access-date=18 March 2023 |website=News24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=www.siphokazisings.co.za&#124;Siphokazi Sings&#124;Ethembeni&#124;Amacala&#124;Vula Mama&#124;Ubuntu Bam&#124;Usemcane&#124;Love So Deep&#124;Siphokazi Mohape &#124;Siphokazi Maraqana&#124;Siphokazi Singer&#124;siphokazisings.co.za&#124;siphokazi sings |url=http://www.siphokazisings.co.za/About |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905164203/http://siphokazisings.co.za/About |archive-date=5 September 2018 |access-date=25 July 2018}}</ref> Babban abin da Ilitha ya mayar da hankali a kai shi ne manufar ci gaba mai ɗorewa ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta 5: cimma daidaiton jinsi da ƙarfafa dukkan mata da 'yan mata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sustainable & Millennium Development Goals |url=https://www.womenandchildrenfirst.org.uk/sdgs-and-mdgs |website=www.womenandchildrenfirst.org.uk |access-date=2025-06-24 |archive-date=2018-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725184103/https://www.womenandchildrenfirst.org.uk/sdgs-and-mdgs |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ilitha yana mai da hankali kan wayar da kan al'umma, wayar da kan jama'a, da shirye-shirye don mata su shiga cikin shirye-shiryen da ke da fa'ida ta fuskar tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. An kafa kungiyar ne domin magance cin zarafin mata da ƙananan yara wanda ake ganin zai kawo cikas ga ci gaban al’ummar garin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Who we are - Ilitha Labantu |url=http://ilithalabantu.org.za/who-we-are/ |publisher= |access-date=2025-06-24 |archive-date=2019-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716011937/https://ilithalabantu.org.za/who-we-are/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=Building the Nation - Bou Die Nasie |url=http://sakhisizwe.blogspot.com/2013/12/?m=1 |website=Sakhisizwe |publisher=[[Blogspot]]}}</ref> <ref name="worldshelterconference.org">{{Cite web |title=3rd World Conference of Women's Shelters - Mandisa Monakali |url=http://www.worldshelterconference.org/en/mandisa-monakali/1123/ |website=www.worldshelterconference.org |access-date=2025-06-24 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032718/http://www.worldshelterconference.org/en/mandisa-monakali/1123/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ilitha Labantu ya ɗauki nauyin abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin bikin shekara-shekara na Women's March na shekarar 1956, zanga-zangar adawa da wariyar launin fata da aka gudanar a Pretoria, Afirka ta Kudu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Kyautattuka == * Matar Cape Towns ta Shekara{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}} * Mace na shekara{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}} * Matan SAA na shekara{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}} * Kyautar masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}} * Kyautar Kallon Mata na New York <ref name="worldshelterconference.org"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.ilithalabantu.org.za/] * [https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Local/City-Vision/mothers-pass-baton-of-struggle-20160831 Iyaye mata sun wuce sandar gwagwarmaya - 2016] * [https://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/news/women-urged-to-overcome-patriarchy-abuse-2062761 Mata sun bukaci su shawo kan ubangida, cin zarafi] * [https://www.parliament.gov.za/project-event-details/3 KWANA 16 NA FARUWA DOMIN KARFIN FITINA GA MATA DA YARA.] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tcpCvtXRlXo Ilitha Labantu - Wando Ga Yara Makaranta] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 314oicp1al2wtrimcbybgom5fbwgs6p 0 103757 892755 874319 2026-08-08T05:58:41Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 892755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Afro-Guatemalan''' (Spanish: Afroguatemaltecos) ko Black Guatemalans (Spanish: Guatemaltecos negros) su ne Guatemalan galibi ko duka zuriyar Baƙar fata Afirka. Wannan kalmar ta haɗu da cin nasara da Mutanen Espanya suka yi wa Amurka. Al'ummar Afro-Guatemalan ba su da yawa a yau. Ko da yake yana da wuya a iya tantance takamaiman alkaluma, an ba da rahoton cewa Afro-Guatemalans suna wakiltar tsakanin kashi 0.1% zuwa 0.3% na al'ummar ƙasar. A cewar Majalisar kula da harkokin Hemispheric. Suna asalin Ingilishi ne na Yammacin Indiya (Antillean) da asalin Garifuna. Ana samun su a bakin tekun Caribbean, a Livingston (mazauna Garifuna), Puerto Barrios da Santo Tomas. A ƙarni na 17, baƙar fata da yawa da aka bautar sun sami damar samun wa kansu ko kuma aƙalla ’ya’yansu na gaba ta wurin auren ’yan adam. Yawancin waɗannan auren sun kasance tare da Mayan ko Turawa, wanda ya haifar da cakude tsakanin baki, Maya da Turawa. Wannan ya haifar da gagarumin yawan jama'ar mestizo wanda, a cikin shekaru da yawa, ya ci gaba da karkatar da asalin asalin Afirka a lokuta da yawa. A yau ana iya kiran wannan a matsayin Afro-mestizos saboda rashin fahimta.<ref>A, Ayah (2021-08-17). "Everything You Need To Know About The History Of Afro-Guatemalans". TravelNoire. Retrieved 2023-12-11</ref> Duk da haka, akwai wasu ƙungiyoyi biyu a cikin ƙasar waɗanda 'yan asalin Afirka ne: Garifunas, ƙungiyar Afro/Indigenous (na farko) da aka yi gudun hijira, wanda aka sani da Mutanen Espanya da zambo. Asalinsu sun fito ne daga tsibirin Caribbean na Saint Vincent (Antilles), inda ’yan Afirka da suka tsere daga bauta suka yi cudanya da jama’a da al’adunsu. ’Yan mulkin mallaka na [[Ispaniya|Spain]] sun tsorata kuma suka kwashe su zuwa ƙaramin tsibirin Roatan. Bayan da suka fahimci cewa tsibirin ba zai iya ci gaba da ci gaban al'ummarsu ba, daga baya kungiyoyin Garifuna suka zauna a gabar tekun Caribbean na wasu kasashen tsakiyar Amurka, ciki har da Guatemala. Sauran rukunin su ne zuriyar bakin haure na Afro-West Indiya waɗanda suka fito daga tsibirin Caribbean masu magana da Ingilishi a ƙarshen 19th da farkon ƙarni na 20 da farko don yin aiki da Kamfanin United Fruit Company, da kuma yin aikin ginin titin jirgin ƙasa, da kuma masana'antar whaling.<ref>Portal de Resultados del Censo 2018". Censopoblacion.gt. Retrieved 2022-04-14.</ref> == Tarihin== Saboda wahalar jiragen bayi da ke isa Guatemala, masu sayan Masarautar Guatemala sun dogara ne da ɓarkewar kasuwar da ba sa sarrafa su. Don jerin jigilar kayayyaki, mun san cewa bayi sun zo tsakanin ƙarni na 15th da 16th, galibi daga Senegambia, Saliyo da Gold Coast; a karni na sha bakwai, sun fito ne daga gabar tekun Gold da kuma Bight na Benin. Kuma a cikin karni na sha takwas, sun fito ne daga Biafra (Nigeria), Kongo ta Yamma, Angola, Guinea da Benin (daga Masarautar Whydah). A cikin wannan karni kuma ya isa bayin Aja (wanda aka sani da Arará, ya fito daga Allada, Benin) da "creole", daga Puerto Rico da Jamaica. Hakanan ya isa Calabari, daga Havana, Cuba.<ref>Google Books: Rutas de la Esclavitud en África Y América Latina (in Spanish: Routes of Slavery in Africa and Latin America). Page 202. Posted in 2001, by Rina Cáceres Gómez</ref> Yawancin bayin baƙar fata da ke aiki a yankunan karkara sun zo, yawanci na Senegambia. Bugu da ƙari, akwai kuma bayi da yawa da aka saya a [[Luanda]], Angola. Akwai kuma aƙalla wasu ƙabilun Afirka 30 - daga Afirka ta Tsakiya - a Guatemala, manyan cikinsu akwai Kongo, da mongiolos da anchico. Har ila yau, akwai aƙalla goma sha biyu na bayi daga Afirka ta Yamma, wasu daga cikinsu ɓangarorin ne (kungiyoyi daga yammacin Ghana), Banyun (waɗanda aka fi sani da Banon, an kafa su a Senegal, [[Gambiya|Gambia]] da Guinea Bissau) da kuma biafadas (ƙabilar Guinea Bissau).<ref>Del olvido a la memoria: africanos y afromestizos en la historia colonial de Centroamérica (in spanish: From Oblivion to Memory: Africans and Mulattoes in the colonial history of Central</ref> == Tarihi == === Bauta === Afro-Guatemalan na farko ya isa Guatemala a 1524 tare da Pedro de Alvarado ("Mai nasara na Guatemala"). Bayanai na Cabildo na Santiago, a cikin Almolonga daga 1530s kuma sun ambaci wasu baƙi bayi. Wannan birni na farko, wanda aka kafa a cikin 1527 tare da mazaunan Mutanen Espanya 150, an lalata shi a watan Satumba na 1541 da ƙawancen ruwa da laka na Volcán de Agua (Volcano na Ruwa) wanda ya binne sashin Sipaniya na babban birnin tare da ɗimbin ƴan asalin ƙasar Amurka da ƙananan baƙar fata bayi. Duk da haka, na farko muhimmanci halin kaka bayar da rahoton bayanai daga 1543, lokacin da aka kiyasta "150 guda alade" na Santo Domingo aka kai zuwa Caribbean Coast na Guatemala. Bayin Afirka sun isa Guatemala don maye gurbin ƴan asalin ƙasar a matsayin ƙwadago, saboda an rage adadinsu sosai daga cututtuka irin su kyanda, ƙanƙara ko annoba ta bubonic. Masarayan Spain sun kamu da cutar, kuma sun ragu zuwa kusan kashi uku na yawan jama'arta. An yi amfani da bayi na Afirka a cikin sukari, indigo, da gonakin cochineal. An kuma yi amfani da su a cikin hacienda ko manyan wuraren kiwon dabbobi. Tun da Santiago ya kasance cibiyar siyasa da tattalin arziki na Guatemala (da kuma ko'ina cikin Amurka ta Tsakiya ta Spain), yawancin bayin da aka kawo zuwa yankin an saya da sayar da su a can, kuma an yi musu baftisma a cikin majami'u da majami'unsu da kuma yiwu ma a cikin gidajensu. Tsakanin 1524 zuwa 1620, an kawo jimlar 'yan Afirka 10,000 zuwa Guatemala. Saboda karuwar iko a Gabas ta Tsakiya a karshen karni na sha shida, an fara bayyana adadi mai yawa na mutane a matsayin mulatto. A cewar Robinson Herrera, na ’yan Afirka 250 da suke saye da sayarwa a Santiago, kusan kashi 40% sun fito ne kai tsaye daga Afirka. Bayi 80 ne suka fito daga Afirka ta Yamma, musamman a Senegambia da Tsakiyar - Afirka ta Yamma. Ga sauran mutane 50, 20% sun kasance criollos (bayi da aka haifa a Spain, Portugal ko Amurka), sauran goma kuma sun kasance mulattoes. Ko da yake akwai ƴan ƴaƴan mulatto a yankin a wannan lokacin, adadinsu ya zarce na bayin da aka yi. Tsakanin 1595 zuwa 1640 an sami karuwar shigo da bayi zuwa Guatemala, amma bayan 1640, shigo da kayayyaki ya ragu sosai[4] (wasu marubuta sun nuna ko da shigo da bayi ya daina[5]). Baƙar fata na farko na kyauta na Santiago ya fara bayyana a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na sha shida. Saboda ƙarancin yawan jama'arta, baƙar fata masu 'yanci dole ne su yi aure tare da wasu ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da yawa.[4] Tsakanin 1595 zuwa 1640, kambin Mutanen Espanya ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar kwangila tare da 'yan kasuwa na Portuguese don ƙara yawan adadin bayi na Afirka a Amurka. Bayi da yawa sun zo daga tashar jiragen ruwa na Luanda na Angola. Har ila yau, a cikin karni na 17, wasu bayi za su iya sayen ’yancinsu, suna kafa wata karamar al’umma ta baƙar fata masu ’yanci. Bayin da suka gudu sun kafa ƙungiyoyin Cimarrons, suna zaune a cikin yawan jama'a. An kafa shi a cikin 1590, basirar Asís, wanda ya zama mafi mahimmanci a karni na sha bakwai, yana da bayi fiye da 200 kuma a cikin 1633, fasaha na San Geronimo, arewacin Santiago, a Verapaz, ya kasance gida ga daruruwan bayi "na al'ummai daban-daban" kuma ya zama mafi girma a Amurka ta tsakiya. A shekara ta 1821 akwai bayi fiye da 500.[4] A ƙarshen karni na sha bakwai, zuriyar Afro ta warwatse zuwa kudu da gabas na Guatemala da El Salvador. Tasirin shige da fice na Afirka a farkon lokacin mulkin mallaka ya fi zurfi a cikin masana'antar sukari a Amatitlán da Mint na Tekun Escuintepeque a San Diego de la Gomera. Afro - zuriyar sun rayu a kusan wurare dozin biyu tsakanin Guatemala da El Salvador. A cikin 1823, bayan samun 'yancin kai ga ƙungiyoyin Guatemala Garífuna daga Honduras, sun mamaye yankunan Caribbean.[4] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Afrika]] l7th7r0sdl9bacwjf66exk3fjzpx19v 0 104223 892709 653308 2026-08-08T01:40:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Moses Cleopas''' ɗan [[Ɗan siyasa|siyasar]] Najeriya ne wanda ya lashe zaɓen Sanatan [[Bayelsa]] ta tsakiya a shekarar 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Odunsi |first=Wale |date=2020-12-07 |title=PDP floors APC as Cleopas wins Bayelsa Central Senatorial bye-election |url=https://dailypost.ng/2020/12/07/pdp-floors-apc-as-cleopas-wins-bayelsa-central-senatorial-bye-election/ |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lawal |first=Nurudeen |date=2020-12-07 |title=APC suffers huge defeat as PDP wins Bayelsa Central senatorial by-election |url=https://www.legit.ng/1390301-pdps-cleopas-wins-bayelsa-central-senatorial-bye-election.html |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news. |language=en |archive-date=2023-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110061837/https://www.legit.ng/1390301-pdps-cleopas-wins-bayelsa-central-senatorial-bye-election.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oye |first=Comfort |date=2020-12-07 |title=PDP’s Cleopas wins Bayelsa Central Senatorial by-election |url=https://royalnews.com.ng/pdps-cleopas-wins-bayelsa-central-senatorial-by-election/ |access-date=2023-11-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] hnndiji45w71n6yzq9b01z2bs66ki97 0 104521 892708 668370 2026-08-08T01:25:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muktar Tolani Shagaya''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1989) <ref name="g828">{{Cite web |last=Abdulkadir |first=Yusuf |date=2022-12-03 |title=Why Kwarans are saying ‘ma se lo’ to Governor Abdulrazak —Muktar Shagaya, House of Reps candidate |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/why-kwarans-are-saying-ma-se-lo-to-governor-abdulrazak-muktar-shagaya-house-of-reps-candidate/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=Tribune Online}}</ref> <ref name="s540">{{Cite web |title=10th National Assembly Members - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation |url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Muktar-Shagaya-Tolani-2925 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=orderpaper.ng}}</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma memba ne na Majalisar Wakilai na yanzu a [[Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya ta 10|Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ta 10]], wanda ke wakiltar Majalisa ta Tarayya ta Ilorin West / Asa tun watan Yunin shekara ta 2023. <ref name="z190">{{Cite web |title=Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation |url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Muktar-Shagaya-Tolani-2925 |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Voter}}</ref> Shi ne mataimakin shugaban, [[Kwamitin Majalisar kan Ilimi da Hidima|Kwamitin Majalisar Wakilai kan Ilimi da Ayyuka]] na asali. <ref name="b724">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-21 |title=Reps mull increase in allocation to UBEC to boost education |url=https://guardian.ng/news/reps-mull-increase-in-allocation-to-ubec-to-boost-education/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kwarapedian |date=2024-07-20 |title=Muktar Shagaya {{!}} Kwarapedia |url=https://kwarapedia.com/muktar-shagaya/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202035250/https://kwarapedia.com/muktar-shagaya/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tun lokacin da ya hau mulki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, Shagaya Tolani ya dauki nauyin takardun kudi sama da 15, ya dauki nauyin wasu da yawa, kuma ya gabatar da shawarwari a Majalisar Wakilai.<ref name="i724">{{Cite web |last=Edache |first=Ekpo |date=2024-11-20 |title=Spotlight on Shagaya’s legislative feats |url=https://blueprint.ng/spotlight-on-shagayas-legislative-feats/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Tolani Shagaya a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 1989, <ref name="i855">{{Cite web |date=2023-04-01 |title=Dynasty: Children, relatives of prominent Nigerians who won, lost elections |url=https://dailytrust.com/dynasty-children-relatives-of-prominent-nigerians-who-won-lost-elections/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Daily Trust}}</ref> a Ilorin, Jihar Kwara, Najeriya, a cikin iyalin Shagaya. <ref name="s176">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-22 |title=Tolani Shagaya |url=https://currentaffairs.ng/representative/tolani-shagaya/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Current Affairs Nigeria}}</ref> Shi ɗan wata 'yar kasuwa ce kuma mai masana'antu a Najeriya, [[Bola Shagaya]] . <ref name="c688">{{Cite web |last=Sofowora |first=Oladapo |date=2024-06-04 |title=Bola Shagaya plans classy wedding for son |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/bola-shagaya-plans-classy-wedding-for-son/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=The Nation Newspaper}}</ref> Ya fara karatunsa a Makarantar Jama'ar Lebanon da ke Yaba, Legas, inda ya sami takardar shaidar barin makarantar farko a shekarar 1999. Daga baya ya halarci Kwalejin Adesoye a Offa, [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]], sannan daga baya Kwalejin Rockwell a Ireland.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Featured: What To Know About Muktar Shagaya - 9japarrot |url=https://www.9japarrotonline.com.ng/2022/09/featured-what-to-know-about-muktar.html |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=www.9japarrotonline.com.ng |archive-date=2024-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201101706/https://www.9japarrotonline.com.ng/2022/09/featured-what-to-know-about-muktar.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga 2003 zuwa 2008, Shagaya ya bi karatun A-level da GCSE a Kwalejin Malvern da ke Worcestershire, Ingila. Ya ci gaba zuwa [[University of Plymouth|Jami'ar Plymouth]], inda ya sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya (B.Sc.) a Harkokin Kasashen Duniya. Daga baya ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin Ci gaban Duniya da Gudanar da Ci Gaban daga [[University of Manchester|Jami'ar Manchester]], Ingila .<ref name=":0"/> A shekara ta 2013, ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Junior a Bankin Infrastructure PLC . Daga baya ya rike mukamai a matsayin Manajan Ci gaban Kasuwanci a Karmod Nigeria Prefabricated Technologies kuma a matsayin Babban Jami'in Makamashi a Hukumar Kula da Wutar Lantarki ta Karkara (REA). Ya kasance babban darakta, Asolar Systems Nigeria Limited <ref name="v149">{{Cite web |date=2023-09-27 |title=Muktar Tolani Shagaya |url=https://statecraftinc.com/muktar-tolani-shagaya/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=StateCraft Inc.}}</ref> A cikin 2023, ya shiga siyasa kuma ya samu nasarar yin takara don zama a Majalisar Wakilai, wakiltar Kwara / Asa Tarayyar Tarayya.<ref name="z190"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Sadiq |first=Shakirat |date=2023-02-27 |title=APC Wins House Of Reps Seat For Ilorin West |url=https://von.gov.ng/apc-wins-house-of-reps-seat-for-ilorin-west/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=Voice of Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Tolani Shagaya memba ne na All Progressives Congress (APC) kuma yana aiki a matsayin wakilin Ilorin / Asa Tarayyar Tarayya ta Jihar Kwara a cikin Majalisar Wakilai . <ref name=":1"/> Yana riƙe da matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar kan Ilimi da Ayyuka na asali.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-17 |title=The Maiden Edition of Basic Education School Sports (BESS) Concludes in Abuja – Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC) |url=https://ubec.gov.ng/the-maiden-edition-of-basic-education-school-sports-bess-concludes-in-abuja/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> Shagaya ya dauki nauyin takardun kudi da yawa kuma ya motsa matakai da yawa a lokacin da yake cikin Majalisar Dokoki.<ref name="p927">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-24 |title=Muktar Shagaya: The Distinguished House of Representatives Member |url=https://factualtimesng.com/muktar-shagaya-the-distinguished-house-of-representatives-member/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |publisher=Princewill Press}}</ref><ref name="i656">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-14 |title=Reps move to ban styrofoam, others in Nigeria |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/02/reps-move-to-ban-styrofoam-others-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=Vanguard News}}</ref> === Kudin da aka tallafawa === * Takardun don kafa Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya Afon, Jihar Kwara. * Kudin dokar samar da kafa Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya, Aboto, Jihar Kwara; kwamitin likitan ilimin kiwon lafiya * Dokar don yin gyare-gyare ga kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya na 1999 don ba da damar mazajen kasashen waje da suka yi aure su ba da iko a kan Babban Kotun Tarayya da kuma gurfanar da masu aikata laifukan zabe. * Dokar don canza sashi na 11, sashi na 1A na Dokar Ilimi ta Duniya don kara Asusun Haraji wanda aka rarraba ga Asusun Ilimi na Duniya daga 2% zuwa 4%. * Dokar don yin gyare-gyare ga Dokar Ilimi ta Duniya don samar da cewa gwamnatin tarayya ta ba da ilimi na asali kyauta, tilas da na duniya har zuwa matakin sakandare da sauran batutuwa masu alaƙa. * Kudin kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon daji da Kulawa ta Tarayya, Asa, Jihar Kwara. * Kudin kafa Cibiyar Bincike da Kula da Ciwon daji ta Tarayya a duk yankunan siyasa a Najeriya.<ref name="o053">{{Cite web |last=Ipoola |first=Dapo |date=2024-06-16 |title=Entrenching the narratives of core legislative advocacy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/06/entrenching-the-narratives-of-core-legislative-advocacy/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=Vanguard News}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] nvdf753nssb1t8zmm9bl3nr842q9iuo 0 104581 892871 654660 2026-08-08T10:21:36Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892871 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Msiri_1830_1891.jpg|thumb|283x283px| An kwatanta Msiri a cikin littafi na 1886.]]{{Databox}} '''Msiri''' (c. 1830 - Disamba 20, 1891) ya kafa daular Yeke (wanda ake kira daular Garanganze ko Garenganze) a kudu maso gabashin Katanga (yanzu a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DR Congo]] ) daga kimanin shekarar 1856 zuwa 1891. Wani lokaci ana rubuta sunansa 'M'Siri' a cikin labaran Faransanci. Sauran bambance-bambancen su ne "Mziri", "Msidi", da "Mushidi"; kuma cikakken sunansa '''Mwenda Msiri Ngelengwa Shitambi''' . == Asalin Msiri da hawan mulki == [[Fayil:Msiri's_kingdom_in_1880_760x460_lo-res.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Kudancin Afirka ta Tsakiya a cikin 1890 yana nuna matsayi na tsakiya na Msiri ta Yeke Kingdom da kuma manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, tare da kimanin yankuna na manyan abokan Msiri (sunaye a cikin rawaya) da kuma yankunan da ke da ikon Turai (sunaye a orange - baya nuna tasirin tasiri ko iyakoki). Sarkin Zanzibar ne ke kula da cinikin gabar tekun gabas . Ba a nuna yankunan tasirin wasu kabilu da na Faransa da Jamus ba.]] === Daga Tabora zuwa Katanga === Msiri ya kasance Nyamwezi daga Tabora a [[Tanzaniya]] ta zamani kuma ɗan kasuwa, kamar mahaifinsa Kalasa, yana da hannu cikin [[Bauta a Zanzibar|cinikin bayi]] na tagulla, hauren giwa da Gabashin Afirka wanda Sarkin Zanzibar da wakilansa [[Larabawa|na Larabawa]] da [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] ke sarrafawa. Babban hanyar kasuwanci ta tafi Ujiji a [[tafkin Tanganyika]] sannan zuwa tafkin Mweru da Katanga. <ref>Moloney, Joseph Augustus (1893). ''With Captain Stairs to Katanga'', pp. 172−3, London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company ({{ISBN|0-9553936-5-5}}).</ref> === Ikon soja === Msiri ya gane samun bindigogi shine mabuɗin wutar lantarki, kuma a Katanga, yana da albarkatun tagulla da hauren giwa da zai yi ciniki da su. Ya kafa rundunar soji ya fara cin maƙwabtansa. Ya kuma yi aure a gidan sarautar Luba, inda ya fara amfani da mata a matsayin ’yan leƙen asiri. Ya dogara ne da cinikin bindigu na gabas da bindigu da foda, wanda ya ratsa cikin yankin abokan hamayyarsa, yana sanya kayayyaki masu tsada da rashin dogaro. A maimakon haka sai ya juya zuwa gaɓar yamma, ya aika da ɗan'uwansa Molenga zuwa ga Ovimbundu da [[Portugal|Portuguese]] 'yan kasuwa a kusa da [[Benguela]] a [[Angola]], kuma wani dan kasuwa a can mai suna Coimbra ya zama mai kawo masa kaya. [[Mutanen Luba]] da ke arewa-maso-yamma sun mallaki kasuwancin gabar tekun yamma, amma Msiri ya karbe shi ya dakatar da fadada su zuwa kudu. A yanzu Msiri yana da iko da tasiri wajen kulla kawance kamar yadda ya zama daidai da shugabannin yaki irin su [[Tippu Tip]], wanda ke iko da gabashin Kongo daga tafkin Tanganyika har ya zuwa yanzu Uganda a arewa maso gabas, da kuma shugaban Nyamwezi Mirambo wanda ke kula da hanyar kasa tsakanin tafkin Tanganyika da bakin teku, kuma ya nemi yin koyi da su. Msiri ya cimma abin da wasu kabilu da Portuguese suka yi ƙoƙari ba tare da samun nasara mai yawa ba, wanda shine kasuwanci a fadin nahiyar, tare da iyakokin biyu. A lokacin ziyarar David Livingstone zuwa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VIII]] a cikin 1867, Msiri ya mallaki mafi yawan yankunan Mwata da kasuwanci a yammacin gabar kogin Luapula . <ref name="Gordon" /> Tippu Tip ya so daukar fansa kan Kazembe saboda kashe shida daga cikin mutanensa, kuma ya kulla kawance da Msiri don kai hari kuma ya kashe Mwata Kazembe a 1870, kuma Msiri daga baya ya yi tasiri wajen nada magajinsa. An ƙarfafa ikon Msiri na kudu maso gabashin Katanga da albarkatun tagulla. === Dabarar Msiri === [[Fayil:Maria_de_Fonseca.jpg|thumb| Matar da Msiri ya fi so, Baturen-Angolan Maria de Fonseca, wacce ta mutu da mugunyar mutuwa a hannun ɗan da Msiri ya ɗauka kuma magajinsa.]] A cikin yanki da shekarun da 'yan kasuwa masu dauke da makamai suka mamaye, Msiri ya yi nasara sosai. Gudanar da hanyoyin kasuwancin da ke tsakanin Tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantika]] da [[Tekun Indiya|Indiya]] ya ɗauki rashin tausayi da makamai (kuma a kan maƙwabtansa, Msiri yana da abin da za a kira a yammacin ' fasahar soja mafi girma'). Amma kuma ya dauki ido mai ma'ana, kuma yaudara da lallashi da ake bukata don kulla kawance da daruruwan sauran kabilu, masu mulki da 'yan kasuwa. Ya yi haka ne ta hannun matansa wadanda adadinsu ya haura 500. Ya ɗauki mata daga ƙauyen kowane basarake, wanda ya sa sarkin ya ɗauka cewa wannan ya ba shi lauya a kotun Msiri, amma matar ta yi amfani da ita don leken asiri ga sarki kuma don samun bayanai game da mu'amalarsa da amincinsa. Ana iya amfani da matar a matsayin garkuwa idan duk wani tawaye daga wannan sarkin. Msiri ya kuma kulla kawance da wasu manyan abokan ciniki ta hanyar aure. An ce matar da ya fi so ita ce Maria de Fonseca, 'yar'uwar abokin ciniki na Portuguese-Angolan Coimbra. Msiri ya auri daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa mata ga [[Tippu Tip]] . A cikin 1884, yana son samun shawarwari kan yadda za a tunkari turawan mulkin mallaka [[Turai|na gabatowa]], ya gayyaci wani ɗan mishan [[Scotland|dan Scotland]], Frederick Stanley Arnot, wanda ya ji yana Angola, ya zo babban birninsa a Bunkeya, 180.&nbsp;km yamma da kogin Luapula . A cikin 1886 Arnot ya isa kuma shine farar fata na farko da ya zauna a Katanga. Bayan shekaru uku ya koma [[Birtaniya|Biritaniya]] don ɗaukar ƙarin masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje, gami da Charles Swan da Dan Crawford . Saboda haka, masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje na farko a Katanga ba su tsai da shawarar zuwa can da nasu yunƙurin ba. Dabarar Msiri ta yi aiki: shawarwarin mishan sun hana shi shiga ta balaguron farko na Burtaniya da Belgium (duba ƙasa). Hakanan yana iya yiwuwa Msiri yana da ra'ayin yin garkuwa da 'yan mishan a duk wani yaki da Turawa, kamar yadda ya yi garkuwa da matan kabilu. == Rikicin Katanga da kashe Msiri == === Balaguron Biritaniya (Sharpe da Thomson), 1890 === [[Cecil Rhodes]] ' Kamfani na Afirka ta Kudu na Burtaniya (BSAC) da [[Beljik|Belgian]] King Leopold II 's Kongo Free State (CFS) duk sun so rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin da Msiri don cika burinsu na mulkin mallaka kuma sun yi takara don yin hakan. Wasu daga cikin sarakunan da ke karkashin Msiri da masu fafatawa a kasuwanci sun yi amfani da damar zuwan sabbin iko a yankin don fara tawaye ga ikonsa. A cikin Nuwamba 1890 Alfred Sharpe ya isa Bunkeya daga Nyasaland a madadin BSAC da Kwamishinan Biritaniya a Afirka ta Tsakiya/ Nyasaland, Sir Harry Johnston, tare da rangwamen haƙƙin ma'adinai da yarjejeniyar kariyar Birtaniyya don sanya hannu. BSAC ne ta aiko mai binciken Joseph Thomson don saduwa da ƙarfafa aikin Sharpe a Bunkeya, amma cutar [[Agana|sankarau]] ta toshe hanyarta kuma ta kasa ci gaba. Har yanzu Arnot yana Biritaniya amma Charles Swan da Dan Crawford sun halarta. Msiri da jami'ansa ba su iya karanta Turanci ba kuma Sharpe ya kwatanta yarjejeniyar da kyau, amma Arnot ya shawarci Msiri da a fassara duk wata yarjejeniya, kuma Swan yanzu ya ba da irin wannan shawara. Don haka daga baya masu mishan sun zama batun bacin rai da fushi a madadin BSAC, domin lokacin da aka bayyana ainihin abin da yarjejeniyar ta kunsa ga Msiri, ya fusata, ya sallami Sharpe hannu wofi. Sharpe ya tabbata Msiri ba zai rattaba hannu kan ikon mallakar wani iko ba, kuma ya shawarci Johnston da ya jira har sai ya fita daga hanya. === Balaguron Belgian (Le Marinel da Delcommune), 1891 === A ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1891 Leopold ya aika da balaguro na mutane kusan 350 karkashin jagorancin Paul Le Marinel . Ya sami ɗan gajeren wasiƙa da Msiri ya sa hannu kuma Swan ya shaida (kuma mai yiwuwa shi ne ya rubuta shi), cewa Msiri zai karɓi wakilan CFS a yankinsa. Ba a ambaci yarda da a daga tutar CFS ba ko kuma a amince da ikon Leopold, kuma da alama rashin daidaito an tsara shi ne don kiyaye Leopold a bakin teku, don haka bayan 'yan watanni [[Alexandre Delcommune|Delcommune Expedition]] ya biyo baya don ƙoƙarin cimma waɗannan manufofin, amma kuma Msiri ya ƙi. Da tsammanin cewa BSAC za ta sake gwadawa tare da Thomson, Leopold ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar mataki mai ƙarfi tare da balaguron sa na uku na 1891. === Balaguron Matakala da kashe Msiri === {{Blockquote|In all truth, we don't know where this head went. Is it in Europe, in some Museum, in the house of Leopold II, or with whom? Up to this day, we don't know."<ref name=Fabian/>}} A ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1891 da makamai masu linzami Expedition na CFS ya isa Bunkeya tare da sojoji 400 da 'yan dako, karkashin jagorancin [[Kanada]], Kyaftin WG Stairs, wanda Leopold ya umarta don tayar da tutar CFS kuma ya yi ikirarin Katanga da karfi idan ya cancanta. An fara tattaunawa kuma Msiri ya nuna cewa zai iya amincewa da wata yarjejeniya idan aka kawo masa foda. A cewar Likitan Expedition na Stairs Expedition Joseph Moloney da jami'in na uku Christian de Bonchamps, tare da yin shawarwari a tsaka-tsaki, Msiri ya mayar da martani ga matsananci kuma ga Matakan da ke tashi da tutar CFS ba tare da izininsa ba, ta hanyar tashi da dare zuwa wani kauye mai garu a Munema a gefen Bunkeya. Washegari, 20 ga Disamba, 1891, Stairs ya aika da babban kwamandan sa na biyu, Laftanar Omer Bodson na Belgium tare da de Bonchamps da sojoji 100 don kama Msiri. Duk da damuwar de Bonchamps game da hatsarin, Bodson ya shiga cikin Munema tare da mutane goma sha biyu ya fuskanci Msiri a gaban mayakansa kusan 300. Msiri bai ce komai ba sai a fusace ya fara zare [[Takobi|takobin]] da aka yi masa kyauta daga Stairs. Bodson ya zana bijirewa ya harbe Msiri har sau uku, ya kashe shi. Fada ya barke, kuma daya daga cikin mutanen Msiri ya harbe Bodson har lahira, ya mutu daga baya. Tarihin baka na mutanen Garanganze ya ƙunshi wasu sabani game da lamarin. A cikin wani labari, Msiri ya yi wa Bodson mashi har lahira kuma wasu 'yan tawagar sun harbe shi. === Kaddarar kan Msiri === A cikin wata kasida da aka buga a birnin Paris a shekara ta 1892, de Bonchamps ya bayyana cewa bayan da suka dawo da gawar Msiri zuwa sansaninsu, balaguron ya yanke kansa tare da ɗaga shi a kan sandar sanda a matsayin 'darasi mara kyau' ga Garanganze. Littafin Moloney yayi shiru akan batun. Dan Crawford ya kasance a wani waje na Belgium 40&nbsp;km daga nesa kuma, ya dogara da rahoton Garanganze, ya rubuta cewa bayan ya harbe Msiri, 'Bodson' ya yanke kansa kuma ya yi ihu "Na kashe tiger! Vive le Roi!". Tarihi na baka na Garanganze ya ce gawar da aka mayar musu da Stairs don binne gawar ba ta da kai, kuma balaguron ya kiyaye kan. Wani labari ya ce ta la'anci kuma ta kashe duk wanda ya ɗauke ta <ref name="Fabian">[http://www2.fmg.uva.nl/lpca/aps/tshibumba1a.html Fabian, Johannes (11 November 1998). "The history of Zaire as told and painted by Tshibumba Kanda Matulu in conversation with Johannes Fabian."] ''Archives of Popular Swahili'' '''2''' (2). {{ISSN|1570-0178}}.</ref> kuma daga ƙarshe, wannan ya haɗa da Stairs da kansa, wanda ya mutu sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] bayan watanni shida a hanyar dawowa, kuma an yi zargin cewa yana tare da kan Msiri a cikin gwangwani na kananzir. Tarihin wadanda suka gaji Msiri ya ce an binne kan a karkashin wani tsauni na duwatsu a kasar Zambiya, amma kuma ya ce magajin Msiri ya 'kama ya kashe dukkan Turawa a wannan balaguron'. A cikin 1998 mai zane [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|ɗan Kongo]] Tshibumba Kanda-Matulu ya ce: {{Blockquote|There can be little doubt, judging from various contemporary accounts, that his rule was arbitrary, vindictive, cruel, and despotic. He was a warlord who enslaved his neighbours and whose capital was surrounded by palisades on which hung the skulls of his enemies.<ref name="DACBFA"/>}} === Katanga bayan Msiri === Sojojin balaguron sun kashe da yawa daga cikin mutanen Msiri a ranar a Munema, kuma jama'a sun watse. Da sharadin ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin CFS, Stairs ya nada dan renon Msiri a matsayin shugaba a madadinsa amma na yanki da ya ragu sosai, ya maido da masarautun Wasanga wadanda Msiri ya hambarar da su shekaru 30 da suka gabata. Balaguron Matakan ya bar bayan makonni bakwai lokacin da wani balaguron CFS ( [[Bia Expedition|Batun Bia]] ) ya zo daga arewa. Ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai don kiyaye ingantaccen iko, kuma ya ƙaura zuwa gabashin Katanga. Hagu ba tare da wani sojojin CFS ba don kiyaye zaman lafiya, rikice-rikice da rashin zaman lafiya sun mamaye wuraren da Msiri ya bari na ɗan lokaci yayin da sarakunan suka yi yaƙi da juna, kuma Dan Crawford ya ƙaura zuwa tafkin Mweru kuma ya kafa manufa wanda Garanganze da yawa suka ƙaura don tserewa rikicin. Birtaniya ta yarda da mallakar Katanga na Free State na Kongo (gwamnatin da Leopold ya ba wa Compagnie du Katanga) kuma an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Anglo-Belgian a 1894. Kasuwancin bayi daga kudu maso gabashin Katanga zuwa tafkin Tanganyika ya ragu, ko da yake a Kongo 'Yancin Bautar da aka yi a Kongo kamar yadda jami'an sarki Leopold na biyu suka yi bai ƙare ba sai bayan da kasar Belgian ta kwace kasar a shekara ta 1908. Wasu daga cikin mutanen Garanganze sun koma Bunkeya kuma suka ci gaba da sarautar Garanganze wanda, duk da gudun hijira na cikin gida na wasu shekaru, yana ci gaba da yin amfani da sunan 'Mwami Mwenda' bayan sunan farko na Msiri, yana mulkin jama'a kusan 20,000. == Kimantawa == {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Mummunan hukunci === [[Fayil:Msiris_compound.jpg|thumb| ''Boma'' Msiri a Bunkeya. Abubuwan da ke saman sandunan nan huɗu, waɗanda aka tattara wasu mayaka na Msiri a ƙasa, shugabannin abokan gāba ne. Ƙarin kokon kai suna kan gungumen azaba suna samar da hannun jari. ]] An ce Msiri yana azabtar da makiyansa da sauran miyagu ta hanyar yankan kunne (yanke kunne), binne shi har wuyansa a bar shi da yunwa, ko kuma a rufe shi a cikin bukka don cin abincin karnuka. An aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ta hanyar fille kai, kamar yadda kawukan da aka ɗora akan sanduna suka shaida. Abin ban mamaki balaguron matakala ya yi wa Msiri da kansa (kuma gwamnatin Leopold a cikin Kongo Free State sun rataye kawuna da gawarwakin mazauna kauyuka a kan shinge a matsayin gargadi ga wasu abin da ya faru da wadanda ba su cika adadin roba ba). Babban birnin Msiri na Bunkeya da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye yana da yawan jama'a 60,000-80,000 a 1891. Shekara guda bayan mutuwar Msiri, 10,000-20,000 ne. A wannan yanki na Afirka mutane suna tarwatsewa cikin daji lokacin da aka yi musu barazana. Alal misali, David Livingstone ya ruwaito shekaru ashirin da suka shige cewa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VII Chinkonkole Kafuti]] ya zaluntar mutanensa har da yawa sun yi hijira, kuma da kyar ya iya tara mazaje 1000. A ci gaba da sabanin da Msiri, lokacin da makasan da Msiri da Tippu Tib suka aika suka ci gaba da kai hari kan boma, mutanen Chinkonkole Kafuti ba su gargade shi ba, amma sai suka ba shi mamaki. === Bayanin Arnot na Msiri === Daga cikin rubutattun asusun Msiri na zamani, duk sun kasance ta ko bisa asusun mutane a cikin albashin Leopold ko BSAC, banda Arnot da abokan aikinsa na mishan, mafi kusancin akwai masu lura da tsaka tsaki. Arnot ya kira Msiri a matsayin "mai gaskiya," kuma ya kafa dangantakar aiki tare da shi, tare da wani adadin mutunta juna. Msiri ya bai wa Arnot filin ya gina nasa bukka, ƙaramin asibiti, coci, da makaranta. Lokacin da Arnot ya koma Landan ya ɗauki ƙarin mishan uku don su je Msiri a Bunkeya. Littattafai na Arnot sun ce rayuwa a Bunkeya: {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Rahoton The Stairs Expedition === Gidan yanar gizon maganganun siyasa yana ba da waɗannan azaman kalmomin ƙarshe na Omer Bodson: {{Blockquote|I don't mind dying now that I've killed Msiri. Thank God my death will not be in vain. I've delivered Africa from one of her most detestable tyrants.<br>— Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney.<ref>[http://www.politicalquotes.org/Quotedisplay.aspx?DocID=13222 "Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney, 1892".] ''Eigen's Political & Historical Quotations''. Retrieved 10 February 2007.</ref>}} Moloney, likitan matattakalar balaguron balaguro, ya rubuta asusunsa lokacin da ya koma Landan a 1892. Sakamakon rubuce-rubucen maza irin su Livingstone, ra'ayin jama'a a Biritaniya ya fara yin yunƙurin yin gyare-gyare wanda ya amfanar da 'yan asalin daular Burtaniya. Moloney ya lura cewa Msiri yana da "masu neman gafara" a Landan. Sarki Leopold dole ne ya halasta da'awarsa ta Kwango Free State ta Katanga a ƙarƙashin [[Taron Berlin|ƙa'idar Tasirin Babban Taron Berlin]], don haka ana buƙatar hujja don kashe Msiri. An yi amfani da rahotannin The Stairs Expedition a Turai don jaddada kare kai a matsayin dalilin mutuwarsa, tare da ikirarin cewa shi azzalumi ne mai kishin jini. Maganar Moloney ta Bodson na ban mamaki kalmomi masu mutuwa sun taimaka a wannan fannin. Tambayar ita ce ko ana bayyana Msiri a matsayin azzalumi mai kishin jini tun kafin a kashe shi, a lokacin da mahukuntan masarauta ke neman sa hannun sa kan wata yarjejeniya. == Duba kuma == * William Grant Stairs ** Balaguron Matakala * Mulkin Yeke * Yau mutane * Lardin Katanga * Kasar Congo Free State * Maria de Fonseca * Alfred Sharpe * Omer Bodson * Joseph Moloney * Christian de Bonchamps * Congo Pedicle * [[Taron Berlin|1884-85 Taron Berlin]] * [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe]] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929144902/http://www.kingmsiri.com/fr/kings/king1.htm ''Mwami Msiri, Sarkin Garanganze'' .] Shafin yanar gizo na magadan Msiri a matsayin sarakunan mutanen Garanganze. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4cymitku9wbcg06vewnfh9ujs64q27w 892872 892871 2026-08-08T10:21:49Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892872 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Msiri_1830_1891.jpg|thumb|283x283px| An kwatanta Msiri a cikin littafi na 1886.]]{{Databox}} '''Msiri''' (c. 1830 - Disamba 20, 1891) ya kafa daular Yeke (wanda ake kira daular Garanganze ko Garenganze) a kudu maso gabashin Katanga (yanzu a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DR Congo]] ) daga kimanin shekarar 1856 zuwa 1891. Wani lokaci ana rubuta sunansa 'M'Siri' a cikin labaran Faransanci. Sauran bambance-bambancen su ne "Mziri", "Msidi", da "Mushidi"; kuma cikakken sunansa '''Mwenda Msiri Ngelengwa Shitambi''' . == Asalin Msiri da hawan mulki == [[Fayil:Msiri's_kingdom_in_1880_760x460_lo-res.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Kudancin Afirka ta Tsakiya a cikin shekarar 1890 yana nuna matsayi na tsakiya na Msiri ta Yeke Kingdom da kuma manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, tare da kimanin yankuna na manyan abokan Msiri (sunaye a cikin rawaya) da kuma yankunan da ke da ikon Turai (sunaye a orange - baya nuna tasirin tasiri ko iyakoki). Sarkin Zanzibar ne ke kula da cinikin gabar tekun gabas . Ba a nuna yankunan tasirin wasu kabilu da na Faransa da Jamus ba.]] === Daga Tabora zuwa Katanga === Msiri ya kasance Nyamwezi daga Tabora a [[Tanzaniya]] ta zamani kuma ɗan kasuwa, kamar mahaifinsa Kalasa, yana da hannu cikin [[Bauta a Zanzibar|cinikin bayi]] na tagulla, hauren giwa da Gabashin Afirka wanda Sarkin Zanzibar da wakilansa [[Larabawa|na Larabawa]] da [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] ke sarrafawa. Babban hanyar kasuwanci ta tafi Ujiji a [[tafkin Tanganyika]] sannan zuwa tafkin Mweru da Katanga. <ref>Moloney, Joseph Augustus (1893). ''With Captain Stairs to Katanga'', pp. 172−3, London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company ({{ISBN|0-9553936-5-5}}).</ref> === Ikon soja === Msiri ya gane samun bindigogi shine mabuɗin wutar lantarki, kuma a Katanga, yana da albarkatun tagulla da hauren giwa da zai yi ciniki da su. Ya kafa rundunar soji ya fara cin maƙwabtansa. Ya kuma yi aure a gidan sarautar Luba, inda ya fara amfani da mata a matsayin ’yan leƙen asiri. Ya dogara ne da cinikin bindigu na gabas da bindigu da foda, wanda ya ratsa cikin yankin abokan hamayyarsa, yana sanya kayayyaki masu tsada da rashin dogaro. A maimakon haka sai ya juya zuwa gaɓar yamma, ya aika da ɗan'uwansa Molenga zuwa ga Ovimbundu da [[Portugal|Portuguese]] 'yan kasuwa a kusa da [[Benguela]] a [[Angola]], kuma wani dan kasuwa a can mai suna Coimbra ya zama mai kawo masa kaya. [[Mutanen Luba]] da ke arewa-maso-yamma sun mallaki kasuwancin gabar tekun yamma, amma Msiri ya karbe shi ya dakatar da fadada su zuwa kudu. A yanzu Msiri yana da iko da tasiri wajen kulla kawance kamar yadda ya zama daidai da shugabannin yaki irin su [[Tippu Tip]], wanda ke iko da gabashin Kongo daga tafkin Tanganyika har ya zuwa yanzu Uganda a arewa maso gabas, da kuma shugaban Nyamwezi Mirambo wanda ke kula da hanyar kasa tsakanin tafkin Tanganyika da bakin teku, kuma ya nemi yin koyi da su. Msiri ya cimma abin da wasu kabilu da Portuguese suka yi ƙoƙari ba tare da samun nasara mai yawa ba, wanda shine kasuwanci a fadin nahiyar, tare da iyakokin biyu. A lokacin ziyarar David Livingstone zuwa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VIII]] a cikin 1867, Msiri ya mallaki mafi yawan yankunan Mwata da kasuwanci a yammacin gabar kogin Luapula . <ref name="Gordon" /> Tippu Tip ya so daukar fansa kan Kazembe saboda kashe shida daga cikin mutanensa, kuma ya kulla kawance da Msiri don kai hari kuma ya kashe Mwata Kazembe a 1870, kuma Msiri daga baya ya yi tasiri wajen nada magajinsa. An ƙarfafa ikon Msiri na kudu maso gabashin Katanga da albarkatun tagulla. === Dabarar Msiri === [[Fayil:Maria_de_Fonseca.jpg|thumb| Matar da Msiri ya fi so, Baturen-Angolan Maria de Fonseca, wacce ta mutu da mugunyar mutuwa a hannun ɗan da Msiri ya ɗauka kuma magajinsa.]] A cikin yanki da shekarun da 'yan kasuwa masu dauke da makamai suka mamaye, Msiri ya yi nasara sosai. Gudanar da hanyoyin kasuwancin da ke tsakanin Tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantika]] da [[Tekun Indiya|Indiya]] ya ɗauki rashin tausayi da makamai (kuma a kan maƙwabtansa, Msiri yana da abin da za a kira a yammacin ' fasahar soja mafi girma'). Amma kuma ya dauki ido mai ma'ana, kuma yaudara da lallashi da ake bukata don kulla kawance da daruruwan sauran kabilu, masu mulki da 'yan kasuwa. Ya yi haka ne ta hannun matansa wadanda adadinsu ya haura 500. Ya ɗauki mata daga ƙauyen kowane basarake, wanda ya sa sarkin ya ɗauka cewa wannan ya ba shi lauya a kotun Msiri, amma matar ta yi amfani da ita don leken asiri ga sarki kuma don samun bayanai game da mu'amalarsa da amincinsa. Ana iya amfani da matar a matsayin garkuwa idan duk wani tawaye daga wannan sarkin. Msiri ya kuma kulla kawance da wasu manyan abokan ciniki ta hanyar aure. An ce matar da ya fi so ita ce Maria de Fonseca, 'yar'uwar abokin ciniki na Portuguese-Angolan Coimbra. Msiri ya auri daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa mata ga [[Tippu Tip]] . A cikin 1884, yana son samun shawarwari kan yadda za a tunkari turawan mulkin mallaka [[Turai|na gabatowa]], ya gayyaci wani ɗan mishan [[Scotland|dan Scotland]], Frederick Stanley Arnot, wanda ya ji yana Angola, ya zo babban birninsa a Bunkeya, 180.&nbsp;km yamma da kogin Luapula . A cikin 1886 Arnot ya isa kuma shine farar fata na farko da ya zauna a Katanga. Bayan shekaru uku ya koma [[Birtaniya|Biritaniya]] don ɗaukar ƙarin masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje, gami da Charles Swan da Dan Crawford . Saboda haka, masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje na farko a Katanga ba su tsai da shawarar zuwa can da nasu yunƙurin ba. Dabarar Msiri ta yi aiki: shawarwarin mishan sun hana shi shiga ta balaguron farko na Burtaniya da Belgium (duba ƙasa). Hakanan yana iya yiwuwa Msiri yana da ra'ayin yin garkuwa da 'yan mishan a duk wani yaki da Turawa, kamar yadda ya yi garkuwa da matan kabilu. == Rikicin Katanga da kashe Msiri == === Balaguron Biritaniya (Sharpe da Thomson), 1890 === [[Cecil Rhodes]] ' Kamfani na Afirka ta Kudu na Burtaniya (BSAC) da [[Beljik|Belgian]] King Leopold II 's Kongo Free State (CFS) duk sun so rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin da Msiri don cika burinsu na mulkin mallaka kuma sun yi takara don yin hakan. Wasu daga cikin sarakunan da ke karkashin Msiri da masu fafatawa a kasuwanci sun yi amfani da damar zuwan sabbin iko a yankin don fara tawaye ga ikonsa. A cikin Nuwamba 1890 Alfred Sharpe ya isa Bunkeya daga Nyasaland a madadin BSAC da Kwamishinan Biritaniya a Afirka ta Tsakiya/ Nyasaland, Sir Harry Johnston, tare da rangwamen haƙƙin ma'adinai da yarjejeniyar kariyar Birtaniyya don sanya hannu. BSAC ne ta aiko mai binciken Joseph Thomson don saduwa da ƙarfafa aikin Sharpe a Bunkeya, amma cutar [[Agana|sankarau]] ta toshe hanyarta kuma ta kasa ci gaba. Har yanzu Arnot yana Biritaniya amma Charles Swan da Dan Crawford sun halarta. Msiri da jami'ansa ba su iya karanta Turanci ba kuma Sharpe ya kwatanta yarjejeniyar da kyau, amma Arnot ya shawarci Msiri da a fassara duk wata yarjejeniya, kuma Swan yanzu ya ba da irin wannan shawara. Don haka daga baya masu mishan sun zama batun bacin rai da fushi a madadin BSAC, domin lokacin da aka bayyana ainihin abin da yarjejeniyar ta kunsa ga Msiri, ya fusata, ya sallami Sharpe hannu wofi. Sharpe ya tabbata Msiri ba zai rattaba hannu kan ikon mallakar wani iko ba, kuma ya shawarci Johnston da ya jira har sai ya fita daga hanya. === Balaguron Belgian (Le Marinel da Delcommune), 1891 === A ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1891 Leopold ya aika da balaguro na mutane kusan 350 karkashin jagorancin Paul Le Marinel . Ya sami ɗan gajeren wasiƙa da Msiri ya sa hannu kuma Swan ya shaida (kuma mai yiwuwa shi ne ya rubuta shi), cewa Msiri zai karɓi wakilan CFS a yankinsa. Ba a ambaci yarda da a daga tutar CFS ba ko kuma a amince da ikon Leopold, kuma da alama rashin daidaito an tsara shi ne don kiyaye Leopold a bakin teku, don haka bayan 'yan watanni [[Alexandre Delcommune|Delcommune Expedition]] ya biyo baya don ƙoƙarin cimma waɗannan manufofin, amma kuma Msiri ya ƙi. Da tsammanin cewa BSAC za ta sake gwadawa tare da Thomson, Leopold ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar mataki mai ƙarfi tare da balaguron sa na uku na 1891. === Balaguron Matakala da kashe Msiri === {{Blockquote|In all truth, we don't know where this head went. Is it in Europe, in some Museum, in the house of Leopold II, or with whom? Up to this day, we don't know."<ref name=Fabian/>}} A ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1891 da makamai masu linzami Expedition na CFS ya isa Bunkeya tare da sojoji 400 da 'yan dako, karkashin jagorancin [[Kanada]], Kyaftin WG Stairs, wanda Leopold ya umarta don tayar da tutar CFS kuma ya yi ikirarin Katanga da karfi idan ya cancanta. An fara tattaunawa kuma Msiri ya nuna cewa zai iya amincewa da wata yarjejeniya idan aka kawo masa foda. A cewar Likitan Expedition na Stairs Expedition Joseph Moloney da jami'in na uku Christian de Bonchamps, tare da yin shawarwari a tsaka-tsaki, Msiri ya mayar da martani ga matsananci kuma ga Matakan da ke tashi da tutar CFS ba tare da izininsa ba, ta hanyar tashi da dare zuwa wani kauye mai garu a Munema a gefen Bunkeya. Washegari, 20 ga Disamba, 1891, Stairs ya aika da babban kwamandan sa na biyu, Laftanar Omer Bodson na Belgium tare da de Bonchamps da sojoji 100 don kama Msiri. Duk da damuwar de Bonchamps game da hatsarin, Bodson ya shiga cikin Munema tare da mutane goma sha biyu ya fuskanci Msiri a gaban mayakansa kusan 300. Msiri bai ce komai ba sai a fusace ya fara zare [[Takobi|takobin]] da aka yi masa kyauta daga Stairs. Bodson ya zana bijirewa ya harbe Msiri har sau uku, ya kashe shi. Fada ya barke, kuma daya daga cikin mutanen Msiri ya harbe Bodson har lahira, ya mutu daga baya. Tarihin baka na mutanen Garanganze ya ƙunshi wasu sabani game da lamarin. A cikin wani labari, Msiri ya yi wa Bodson mashi har lahira kuma wasu 'yan tawagar sun harbe shi. === Kaddarar kan Msiri === A cikin wata kasida da aka buga a birnin Paris a shekara ta 1892, de Bonchamps ya bayyana cewa bayan da suka dawo da gawar Msiri zuwa sansaninsu, balaguron ya yanke kansa tare da ɗaga shi a kan sandar sanda a matsayin 'darasi mara kyau' ga Garanganze. Littafin Moloney yayi shiru akan batun. Dan Crawford ya kasance a wani waje na Belgium 40&nbsp;km daga nesa kuma, ya dogara da rahoton Garanganze, ya rubuta cewa bayan ya harbe Msiri, 'Bodson' ya yanke kansa kuma ya yi ihu "Na kashe tiger! Vive le Roi!". Tarihi na baka na Garanganze ya ce gawar da aka mayar musu da Stairs don binne gawar ba ta da kai, kuma balaguron ya kiyaye kan. Wani labari ya ce ta la'anci kuma ta kashe duk wanda ya ɗauke ta <ref name="Fabian">[http://www2.fmg.uva.nl/lpca/aps/tshibumba1a.html Fabian, Johannes (11 November 1998). "The history of Zaire as told and painted by Tshibumba Kanda Matulu in conversation with Johannes Fabian."] ''Archives of Popular Swahili'' '''2''' (2). {{ISSN|1570-0178}}.</ref> kuma daga ƙarshe, wannan ya haɗa da Stairs da kansa, wanda ya mutu sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] bayan watanni shida a hanyar dawowa, kuma an yi zargin cewa yana tare da kan Msiri a cikin gwangwani na kananzir. Tarihin wadanda suka gaji Msiri ya ce an binne kan a karkashin wani tsauni na duwatsu a kasar Zambiya, amma kuma ya ce magajin Msiri ya 'kama ya kashe dukkan Turawa a wannan balaguron'. A cikin 1998 mai zane [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|ɗan Kongo]] Tshibumba Kanda-Matulu ya ce: {{Blockquote|There can be little doubt, judging from various contemporary accounts, that his rule was arbitrary, vindictive, cruel, and despotic. He was a warlord who enslaved his neighbours and whose capital was surrounded by palisades on which hung the skulls of his enemies.<ref name="DACBFA"/>}} === Katanga bayan Msiri === Sojojin balaguron sun kashe da yawa daga cikin mutanen Msiri a ranar a Munema, kuma jama'a sun watse. Da sharadin ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin CFS, Stairs ya nada dan renon Msiri a matsayin shugaba a madadinsa amma na yanki da ya ragu sosai, ya maido da masarautun Wasanga wadanda Msiri ya hambarar da su shekaru 30 da suka gabata. Balaguron Matakan ya bar bayan makonni bakwai lokacin da wani balaguron CFS ( [[Bia Expedition|Batun Bia]] ) ya zo daga arewa. Ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai don kiyaye ingantaccen iko, kuma ya ƙaura zuwa gabashin Katanga. Hagu ba tare da wani sojojin CFS ba don kiyaye zaman lafiya, rikice-rikice da rashin zaman lafiya sun mamaye wuraren da Msiri ya bari na ɗan lokaci yayin da sarakunan suka yi yaƙi da juna, kuma Dan Crawford ya ƙaura zuwa tafkin Mweru kuma ya kafa manufa wanda Garanganze da yawa suka ƙaura don tserewa rikicin. Birtaniya ta yarda da mallakar Katanga na Free State na Kongo (gwamnatin da Leopold ya ba wa Compagnie du Katanga) kuma an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Anglo-Belgian a 1894. Kasuwancin bayi daga kudu maso gabashin Katanga zuwa tafkin Tanganyika ya ragu, ko da yake a Kongo 'Yancin Bautar da aka yi a Kongo kamar yadda jami'an sarki Leopold na biyu suka yi bai ƙare ba sai bayan da kasar Belgian ta kwace kasar a shekara ta 1908. Wasu daga cikin mutanen Garanganze sun koma Bunkeya kuma suka ci gaba da sarautar Garanganze wanda, duk da gudun hijira na cikin gida na wasu shekaru, yana ci gaba da yin amfani da sunan 'Mwami Mwenda' bayan sunan farko na Msiri, yana mulkin jama'a kusan 20,000. == Kimantawa == {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Mummunan hukunci === [[Fayil:Msiris_compound.jpg|thumb| ''Boma'' Msiri a Bunkeya. Abubuwan da ke saman sandunan nan huɗu, waɗanda aka tattara wasu mayaka na Msiri a ƙasa, shugabannin abokan gāba ne. Ƙarin kokon kai suna kan gungumen azaba suna samar da hannun jari. ]] An ce Msiri yana azabtar da makiyansa da sauran miyagu ta hanyar yankan kunne (yanke kunne), binne shi har wuyansa a bar shi da yunwa, ko kuma a rufe shi a cikin bukka don cin abincin karnuka. An aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ta hanyar fille kai, kamar yadda kawukan da aka ɗora akan sanduna suka shaida. Abin ban mamaki balaguron matakala ya yi wa Msiri da kansa (kuma gwamnatin Leopold a cikin Kongo Free State sun rataye kawuna da gawarwakin mazauna kauyuka a kan shinge a matsayin gargadi ga wasu abin da ya faru da wadanda ba su cika adadin roba ba). Babban birnin Msiri na Bunkeya da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye yana da yawan jama'a 60,000-80,000 a 1891. Shekara guda bayan mutuwar Msiri, 10,000-20,000 ne. A wannan yanki na Afirka mutane suna tarwatsewa cikin daji lokacin da aka yi musu barazana. Alal misali, David Livingstone ya ruwaito shekaru ashirin da suka shige cewa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VII Chinkonkole Kafuti]] ya zaluntar mutanensa har da yawa sun yi hijira, kuma da kyar ya iya tara mazaje 1000. A ci gaba da sabanin da Msiri, lokacin da makasan da Msiri da Tippu Tib suka aika suka ci gaba da kai hari kan boma, mutanen Chinkonkole Kafuti ba su gargade shi ba, amma sai suka ba shi mamaki. === Bayanin Arnot na Msiri === Daga cikin rubutattun asusun Msiri na zamani, duk sun kasance ta ko bisa asusun mutane a cikin albashin Leopold ko BSAC, banda Arnot da abokan aikinsa na mishan, mafi kusancin akwai masu lura da tsaka tsaki. Arnot ya kira Msiri a matsayin "mai gaskiya," kuma ya kafa dangantakar aiki tare da shi, tare da wani adadin mutunta juna. Msiri ya bai wa Arnot filin ya gina nasa bukka, ƙaramin asibiti, coci, da makaranta. Lokacin da Arnot ya koma Landan ya ɗauki ƙarin mishan uku don su je Msiri a Bunkeya. Littattafai na Arnot sun ce rayuwa a Bunkeya: {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Rahoton The Stairs Expedition === Gidan yanar gizon maganganun siyasa yana ba da waɗannan azaman kalmomin ƙarshe na Omer Bodson: {{Blockquote|I don't mind dying now that I've killed Msiri. Thank God my death will not be in vain. I've delivered Africa from one of her most detestable tyrants.<br>— Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney.<ref>[http://www.politicalquotes.org/Quotedisplay.aspx?DocID=13222 "Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney, 1892".] ''Eigen's Political & Historical Quotations''. Retrieved 10 February 2007.</ref>}} Moloney, likitan matattakalar balaguron balaguro, ya rubuta asusunsa lokacin da ya koma Landan a 1892. Sakamakon rubuce-rubucen maza irin su Livingstone, ra'ayin jama'a a Biritaniya ya fara yin yunƙurin yin gyare-gyare wanda ya amfanar da 'yan asalin daular Burtaniya. Moloney ya lura cewa Msiri yana da "masu neman gafara" a Landan. Sarki Leopold dole ne ya halasta da'awarsa ta Kwango Free State ta Katanga a ƙarƙashin [[Taron Berlin|ƙa'idar Tasirin Babban Taron Berlin]], don haka ana buƙatar hujja don kashe Msiri. An yi amfani da rahotannin The Stairs Expedition a Turai don jaddada kare kai a matsayin dalilin mutuwarsa, tare da ikirarin cewa shi azzalumi ne mai kishin jini. Maganar Moloney ta Bodson na ban mamaki kalmomi masu mutuwa sun taimaka a wannan fannin. Tambayar ita ce ko ana bayyana Msiri a matsayin azzalumi mai kishin jini tun kafin a kashe shi, a lokacin da mahukuntan masarauta ke neman sa hannun sa kan wata yarjejeniya. == Duba kuma == * William Grant Stairs ** Balaguron Matakala * Mulkin Yeke * Yau mutane * Lardin Katanga * Kasar Congo Free State * Maria de Fonseca * Alfred Sharpe * Omer Bodson * Joseph Moloney * Christian de Bonchamps * Congo Pedicle * [[Taron Berlin|1884-85 Taron Berlin]] * [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe]] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929144902/http://www.kingmsiri.com/fr/kings/king1.htm ''Mwami Msiri, Sarkin Garanganze'' .] Shafin yanar gizo na magadan Msiri a matsayin sarakunan mutanen Garanganze. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mis9tgpwa6tfrrxz648hqsb9yo7yd7p 892873 892872 2026-08-08T10:22:05Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892873 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Msiri_1830_1891.jpg|thumb|283x283px| An kwatanta Msiri a cikin littafi na 1886.]]{{Databox}} '''Msiri''' (c. 1830 - Disamba 20, 1891) ya kafa daular Yeke (wanda ake kira daular Garanganze ko Garenganze) a kudu maso gabashin Katanga (yanzu a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DR Congo]] ) daga kimanin shekarar 1856 zuwa 1891. Wani lokaci ana rubuta sunansa 'M'Siri' a cikin labaran Faransanci. Sauran bambance-bambancen su ne "Mziri", "Msidi", da "Mushidi"; kuma cikakken sunansa '''Mwenda Msiri Ngelengwa Shitambi''' . == Asalin Msiri da hawan mulki == [[Fayil:Msiri's_kingdom_in_1880_760x460_lo-res.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Kudancin Afirka ta Tsakiya a cikin shekarar 1890 yana nuna matsayi na tsakiya na Msiri ta Yeke Kingdom da kuma manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, tare da kimanin yankuna na manyan abokan Msiri (sunaye a cikin rawaya) da kuma yankunan da ke da ikon Turai (sunaye a orange - baya nuna tasirin tasiri ko iyakoki). Sarkin Zanzibar ne ke kula da cinikin gabar tekun gabas . Ba a nuna yankunan tasirin wasu kabilu da na Faransa da Jamus ba.]] === Daga Tabora zuwa Katanga === Msiri ya kuma kasance Nyamwezi daga Tabora a [[Tanzaniya]] ta zamani kuma ɗan kasuwa, kamar mahaifinsa Kalasa, yana da hannu cikin [[Bauta a Zanzibar|cinikin bayi]] na tagulla, hauren giwa da Gabashin Afirka wanda Sarkin Zanzibar da wakilansa [[Larabawa|na Larabawa]] da [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] ke sarrafawa. Babban hanyar kasuwanci ta tafi Ujiji a [[tafkin Tanganyika]] sannan zuwa tafkin Mweru da Katanga. <ref>Moloney, Joseph Augustus (1893). ''With Captain Stairs to Katanga'', pp. 172−3, London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company ({{ISBN|0-9553936-5-5}}).</ref> === Ikon soja === Msiri ya gane samun bindigogi shine mabuɗin wutar lantarki, kuma a Katanga, yana da albarkatun tagulla da hauren giwa da zai yi ciniki da su. Ya kafa rundunar soji ya fara cin maƙwabtansa. Ya kuma yi aure a gidan sarautar Luba, inda ya fara amfani da mata a matsayin ’yan leƙen asiri. Ya dogara ne da cinikin bindigu na gabas da bindigu da foda, wanda ya ratsa cikin yankin abokan hamayyarsa, yana sanya kayayyaki masu tsada da rashin dogaro. A maimakon haka sai ya juya zuwa gaɓar yamma, ya aika da ɗan'uwansa Molenga zuwa ga Ovimbundu da [[Portugal|Portuguese]] 'yan kasuwa a kusa da [[Benguela]] a [[Angola]], kuma wani dan kasuwa a can mai suna Coimbra ya zama mai kawo masa kaya. [[Mutanen Luba]] da ke arewa-maso-yamma sun mallaki kasuwancin gabar tekun yamma, amma Msiri ya karbe shi ya dakatar da fadada su zuwa kudu. A yanzu Msiri yana da iko da tasiri wajen kulla kawance kamar yadda ya zama daidai da shugabannin yaki irin su [[Tippu Tip]], wanda ke iko da gabashin Kongo daga tafkin Tanganyika har ya zuwa yanzu Uganda a arewa maso gabas, da kuma shugaban Nyamwezi Mirambo wanda ke kula da hanyar kasa tsakanin tafkin Tanganyika da bakin teku, kuma ya nemi yin koyi da su. Msiri ya cimma abin da wasu kabilu da Portuguese suka yi ƙoƙari ba tare da samun nasara mai yawa ba, wanda shine kasuwanci a fadin nahiyar, tare da iyakokin biyu. A lokacin ziyarar David Livingstone zuwa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VIII]] a cikin 1867, Msiri ya mallaki mafi yawan yankunan Mwata da kasuwanci a yammacin gabar kogin Luapula . <ref name="Gordon" /> Tippu Tip ya so daukar fansa kan Kazembe saboda kashe shida daga cikin mutanensa, kuma ya kulla kawance da Msiri don kai hari kuma ya kashe Mwata Kazembe a 1870, kuma Msiri daga baya ya yi tasiri wajen nada magajinsa. An ƙarfafa ikon Msiri na kudu maso gabashin Katanga da albarkatun tagulla. === Dabarar Msiri === [[Fayil:Maria_de_Fonseca.jpg|thumb| Matar da Msiri ya fi so, Baturen-Angolan Maria de Fonseca, wacce ta mutu da mugunyar mutuwa a hannun ɗan da Msiri ya ɗauka kuma magajinsa.]] A cikin yanki da shekarun da 'yan kasuwa masu dauke da makamai suka mamaye, Msiri ya yi nasara sosai. Gudanar da hanyoyin kasuwancin da ke tsakanin Tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantika]] da [[Tekun Indiya|Indiya]] ya ɗauki rashin tausayi da makamai (kuma a kan maƙwabtansa, Msiri yana da abin da za a kira a yammacin ' fasahar soja mafi girma'). Amma kuma ya dauki ido mai ma'ana, kuma yaudara da lallashi da ake bukata don kulla kawance da daruruwan sauran kabilu, masu mulki da 'yan kasuwa. Ya yi haka ne ta hannun matansa wadanda adadinsu ya haura 500. Ya ɗauki mata daga ƙauyen kowane basarake, wanda ya sa sarkin ya ɗauka cewa wannan ya ba shi lauya a kotun Msiri, amma matar ta yi amfani da ita don leken asiri ga sarki kuma don samun bayanai game da mu'amalarsa da amincinsa. Ana iya amfani da matar a matsayin garkuwa idan duk wani tawaye daga wannan sarkin. Msiri ya kuma kulla kawance da wasu manyan abokan ciniki ta hanyar aure. An ce matar da ya fi so ita ce Maria de Fonseca, 'yar'uwar abokin ciniki na Portuguese-Angolan Coimbra. Msiri ya auri daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa mata ga [[Tippu Tip]] . A cikin 1884, yana son samun shawarwari kan yadda za a tunkari turawan mulkin mallaka [[Turai|na gabatowa]], ya gayyaci wani ɗan mishan [[Scotland|dan Scotland]], Frederick Stanley Arnot, wanda ya ji yana Angola, ya zo babban birninsa a Bunkeya, 180.&nbsp;km yamma da kogin Luapula . A cikin 1886 Arnot ya isa kuma shine farar fata na farko da ya zauna a Katanga. Bayan shekaru uku ya koma [[Birtaniya|Biritaniya]] don ɗaukar ƙarin masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje, gami da Charles Swan da Dan Crawford . Saboda haka, masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje na farko a Katanga ba su tsai da shawarar zuwa can da nasu yunƙurin ba. Dabarar Msiri ta yi aiki: shawarwarin mishan sun hana shi shiga ta balaguron farko na Burtaniya da Belgium (duba ƙasa). Hakanan yana iya yiwuwa Msiri yana da ra'ayin yin garkuwa da 'yan mishan a duk wani yaki da Turawa, kamar yadda ya yi garkuwa da matan kabilu. == Rikicin Katanga da kashe Msiri == === Balaguron Biritaniya (Sharpe da Thomson), 1890 === [[Cecil Rhodes]] ' Kamfani na Afirka ta Kudu na Burtaniya (BSAC) da [[Beljik|Belgian]] King Leopold II 's Kongo Free State (CFS) duk sun so rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin da Msiri don cika burinsu na mulkin mallaka kuma sun yi takara don yin hakan. Wasu daga cikin sarakunan da ke karkashin Msiri da masu fafatawa a kasuwanci sun yi amfani da damar zuwan sabbin iko a yankin don fara tawaye ga ikonsa. A cikin Nuwamba 1890 Alfred Sharpe ya isa Bunkeya daga Nyasaland a madadin BSAC da Kwamishinan Biritaniya a Afirka ta Tsakiya/ Nyasaland, Sir Harry Johnston, tare da rangwamen haƙƙin ma'adinai da yarjejeniyar kariyar Birtaniyya don sanya hannu. BSAC ne ta aiko mai binciken Joseph Thomson don saduwa da ƙarfafa aikin Sharpe a Bunkeya, amma cutar [[Agana|sankarau]] ta toshe hanyarta kuma ta kasa ci gaba. Har yanzu Arnot yana Biritaniya amma Charles Swan da Dan Crawford sun halarta. Msiri da jami'ansa ba su iya karanta Turanci ba kuma Sharpe ya kwatanta yarjejeniyar da kyau, amma Arnot ya shawarci Msiri da a fassara duk wata yarjejeniya, kuma Swan yanzu ya ba da irin wannan shawara. Don haka daga baya masu mishan sun zama batun bacin rai da fushi a madadin BSAC, domin lokacin da aka bayyana ainihin abin da yarjejeniyar ta kunsa ga Msiri, ya fusata, ya sallami Sharpe hannu wofi. Sharpe ya tabbata Msiri ba zai rattaba hannu kan ikon mallakar wani iko ba, kuma ya shawarci Johnston da ya jira har sai ya fita daga hanya. === Balaguron Belgian (Le Marinel da Delcommune), 1891 === A ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1891 Leopold ya aika da balaguro na mutane kusan 350 karkashin jagorancin Paul Le Marinel . Ya sami ɗan gajeren wasiƙa da Msiri ya sa hannu kuma Swan ya shaida (kuma mai yiwuwa shi ne ya rubuta shi), cewa Msiri zai karɓi wakilan CFS a yankinsa. Ba a ambaci yarda da a daga tutar CFS ba ko kuma a amince da ikon Leopold, kuma da alama rashin daidaito an tsara shi ne don kiyaye Leopold a bakin teku, don haka bayan 'yan watanni [[Alexandre Delcommune|Delcommune Expedition]] ya biyo baya don ƙoƙarin cimma waɗannan manufofin, amma kuma Msiri ya ƙi. Da tsammanin cewa BSAC za ta sake gwadawa tare da Thomson, Leopold ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar mataki mai ƙarfi tare da balaguron sa na uku na 1891. === Balaguron Matakala da kashe Msiri === {{Blockquote|In all truth, we don't know where this head went. Is it in Europe, in some Museum, in the house of Leopold II, or with whom? Up to this day, we don't know."<ref name=Fabian/>}} A ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1891 da makamai masu linzami Expedition na CFS ya isa Bunkeya tare da sojoji 400 da 'yan dako, karkashin jagorancin [[Kanada]], Kyaftin WG Stairs, wanda Leopold ya umarta don tayar da tutar CFS kuma ya yi ikirarin Katanga da karfi idan ya cancanta. An fara tattaunawa kuma Msiri ya nuna cewa zai iya amincewa da wata yarjejeniya idan aka kawo masa foda. A cewar Likitan Expedition na Stairs Expedition Joseph Moloney da jami'in na uku Christian de Bonchamps, tare da yin shawarwari a tsaka-tsaki, Msiri ya mayar da martani ga matsananci kuma ga Matakan da ke tashi da tutar CFS ba tare da izininsa ba, ta hanyar tashi da dare zuwa wani kauye mai garu a Munema a gefen Bunkeya. Washegari, 20 ga Disamba, 1891, Stairs ya aika da babban kwamandan sa na biyu, Laftanar Omer Bodson na Belgium tare da de Bonchamps da sojoji 100 don kama Msiri. Duk da damuwar de Bonchamps game da hatsarin, Bodson ya shiga cikin Munema tare da mutane goma sha biyu ya fuskanci Msiri a gaban mayakansa kusan 300. Msiri bai ce komai ba sai a fusace ya fara zare [[Takobi|takobin]] da aka yi masa kyauta daga Stairs. Bodson ya zana bijirewa ya harbe Msiri har sau uku, ya kashe shi. Fada ya barke, kuma daya daga cikin mutanen Msiri ya harbe Bodson har lahira, ya mutu daga baya. Tarihin baka na mutanen Garanganze ya ƙunshi wasu sabani game da lamarin. A cikin wani labari, Msiri ya yi wa Bodson mashi har lahira kuma wasu 'yan tawagar sun harbe shi. === Kaddarar kan Msiri === A cikin wata kasida da aka buga a birnin Paris a shekara ta 1892, de Bonchamps ya bayyana cewa bayan da suka dawo da gawar Msiri zuwa sansaninsu, balaguron ya yanke kansa tare da ɗaga shi a kan sandar sanda a matsayin 'darasi mara kyau' ga Garanganze. Littafin Moloney yayi shiru akan batun. Dan Crawford ya kasance a wani waje na Belgium 40&nbsp;km daga nesa kuma, ya dogara da rahoton Garanganze, ya rubuta cewa bayan ya harbe Msiri, 'Bodson' ya yanke kansa kuma ya yi ihu "Na kashe tiger! Vive le Roi!". Tarihi na baka na Garanganze ya ce gawar da aka mayar musu da Stairs don binne gawar ba ta da kai, kuma balaguron ya kiyaye kan. Wani labari ya ce ta la'anci kuma ta kashe duk wanda ya ɗauke ta <ref name="Fabian">[http://www2.fmg.uva.nl/lpca/aps/tshibumba1a.html Fabian, Johannes (11 November 1998). "The history of Zaire as told and painted by Tshibumba Kanda Matulu in conversation with Johannes Fabian."] ''Archives of Popular Swahili'' '''2''' (2). {{ISSN|1570-0178}}.</ref> kuma daga ƙarshe, wannan ya haɗa da Stairs da kansa, wanda ya mutu sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] bayan watanni shida a hanyar dawowa, kuma an yi zargin cewa yana tare da kan Msiri a cikin gwangwani na kananzir. Tarihin wadanda suka gaji Msiri ya ce an binne kan a karkashin wani tsauni na duwatsu a kasar Zambiya, amma kuma ya ce magajin Msiri ya 'kama ya kashe dukkan Turawa a wannan balaguron'. A cikin 1998 mai zane [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|ɗan Kongo]] Tshibumba Kanda-Matulu ya ce: {{Blockquote|There can be little doubt, judging from various contemporary accounts, that his rule was arbitrary, vindictive, cruel, and despotic. He was a warlord who enslaved his neighbours and whose capital was surrounded by palisades on which hung the skulls of his enemies.<ref name="DACBFA"/>}} === Katanga bayan Msiri === Sojojin balaguron sun kashe da yawa daga cikin mutanen Msiri a ranar a Munema, kuma jama'a sun watse. Da sharadin ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin CFS, Stairs ya nada dan renon Msiri a matsayin shugaba a madadinsa amma na yanki da ya ragu sosai, ya maido da masarautun Wasanga wadanda Msiri ya hambarar da su shekaru 30 da suka gabata. Balaguron Matakan ya bar bayan makonni bakwai lokacin da wani balaguron CFS ( [[Bia Expedition|Batun Bia]] ) ya zo daga arewa. Ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai don kiyaye ingantaccen iko, kuma ya ƙaura zuwa gabashin Katanga. Hagu ba tare da wani sojojin CFS ba don kiyaye zaman lafiya, rikice-rikice da rashin zaman lafiya sun mamaye wuraren da Msiri ya bari na ɗan lokaci yayin da sarakunan suka yi yaƙi da juna, kuma Dan Crawford ya ƙaura zuwa tafkin Mweru kuma ya kafa manufa wanda Garanganze da yawa suka ƙaura don tserewa rikicin. Birtaniya ta yarda da mallakar Katanga na Free State na Kongo (gwamnatin da Leopold ya ba wa Compagnie du Katanga) kuma an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Anglo-Belgian a 1894. Kasuwancin bayi daga kudu maso gabashin Katanga zuwa tafkin Tanganyika ya ragu, ko da yake a Kongo 'Yancin Bautar da aka yi a Kongo kamar yadda jami'an sarki Leopold na biyu suka yi bai ƙare ba sai bayan da kasar Belgian ta kwace kasar a shekara ta 1908. Wasu daga cikin mutanen Garanganze sun koma Bunkeya kuma suka ci gaba da sarautar Garanganze wanda, duk da gudun hijira na cikin gida na wasu shekaru, yana ci gaba da yin amfani da sunan 'Mwami Mwenda' bayan sunan farko na Msiri, yana mulkin jama'a kusan 20,000. == Kimantawa == {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Mummunan hukunci === [[Fayil:Msiris_compound.jpg|thumb| ''Boma'' Msiri a Bunkeya. Abubuwan da ke saman sandunan nan huɗu, waɗanda aka tattara wasu mayaka na Msiri a ƙasa, shugabannin abokan gāba ne. Ƙarin kokon kai suna kan gungumen azaba suna samar da hannun jari. ]] An ce Msiri yana azabtar da makiyansa da sauran miyagu ta hanyar yankan kunne (yanke kunne), binne shi har wuyansa a bar shi da yunwa, ko kuma a rufe shi a cikin bukka don cin abincin karnuka. An aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ta hanyar fille kai, kamar yadda kawukan da aka ɗora akan sanduna suka shaida. Abin ban mamaki balaguron matakala ya yi wa Msiri da kansa (kuma gwamnatin Leopold a cikin Kongo Free State sun rataye kawuna da gawarwakin mazauna kauyuka a kan shinge a matsayin gargadi ga wasu abin da ya faru da wadanda ba su cika adadin roba ba). Babban birnin Msiri na Bunkeya da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye yana da yawan jama'a 60,000-80,000 a 1891. Shekara guda bayan mutuwar Msiri, 10,000-20,000 ne. A wannan yanki na Afirka mutane suna tarwatsewa cikin daji lokacin da aka yi musu barazana. Alal misali, David Livingstone ya ruwaito shekaru ashirin da suka shige cewa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VII Chinkonkole Kafuti]] ya zaluntar mutanensa har da yawa sun yi hijira, kuma da kyar ya iya tara mazaje 1000. A ci gaba da sabanin da Msiri, lokacin da makasan da Msiri da Tippu Tib suka aika suka ci gaba da kai hari kan boma, mutanen Chinkonkole Kafuti ba su gargade shi ba, amma sai suka ba shi mamaki. === Bayanin Arnot na Msiri === Daga cikin rubutattun asusun Msiri na zamani, duk sun kasance ta ko bisa asusun mutane a cikin albashin Leopold ko BSAC, banda Arnot da abokan aikinsa na mishan, mafi kusancin akwai masu lura da tsaka tsaki. Arnot ya kira Msiri a matsayin "mai gaskiya," kuma ya kafa dangantakar aiki tare da shi, tare da wani adadin mutunta juna. Msiri ya bai wa Arnot filin ya gina nasa bukka, ƙaramin asibiti, coci, da makaranta. Lokacin da Arnot ya koma Landan ya ɗauki ƙarin mishan uku don su je Msiri a Bunkeya. Littattafai na Arnot sun ce rayuwa a Bunkeya: {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Rahoton The Stairs Expedition === Gidan yanar gizon maganganun siyasa yana ba da waɗannan azaman kalmomin ƙarshe na Omer Bodson: {{Blockquote|I don't mind dying now that I've killed Msiri. Thank God my death will not be in vain. I've delivered Africa from one of her most detestable tyrants.<br>— Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney.<ref>[http://www.politicalquotes.org/Quotedisplay.aspx?DocID=13222 "Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney, 1892".] ''Eigen's Political & Historical Quotations''. Retrieved 10 February 2007.</ref>}} Moloney, likitan matattakalar balaguron balaguro, ya rubuta asusunsa lokacin da ya koma Landan a 1892. Sakamakon rubuce-rubucen maza irin su Livingstone, ra'ayin jama'a a Biritaniya ya fara yin yunƙurin yin gyare-gyare wanda ya amfanar da 'yan asalin daular Burtaniya. Moloney ya lura cewa Msiri yana da "masu neman gafara" a Landan. Sarki Leopold dole ne ya halasta da'awarsa ta Kwango Free State ta Katanga a ƙarƙashin [[Taron Berlin|ƙa'idar Tasirin Babban Taron Berlin]], don haka ana buƙatar hujja don kashe Msiri. An yi amfani da rahotannin The Stairs Expedition a Turai don jaddada kare kai a matsayin dalilin mutuwarsa, tare da ikirarin cewa shi azzalumi ne mai kishin jini. Maganar Moloney ta Bodson na ban mamaki kalmomi masu mutuwa sun taimaka a wannan fannin. Tambayar ita ce ko ana bayyana Msiri a matsayin azzalumi mai kishin jini tun kafin a kashe shi, a lokacin da mahukuntan masarauta ke neman sa hannun sa kan wata yarjejeniya. == Duba kuma == * William Grant Stairs ** Balaguron Matakala * Mulkin Yeke * Yau mutane * Lardin Katanga * Kasar Congo Free State * Maria de Fonseca * Alfred Sharpe * Omer Bodson * Joseph Moloney * Christian de Bonchamps * Congo Pedicle * [[Taron Berlin|1884-85 Taron Berlin]] * [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe]] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929144902/http://www.kingmsiri.com/fr/kings/king1.htm ''Mwami Msiri, Sarkin Garanganze'' .] Shafin yanar gizo na magadan Msiri a matsayin sarakunan mutanen Garanganze. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] aviw66kq565vyhbmxjlrse328gzq76e 892874 892873 2026-08-08T10:22:30Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892874 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Msiri_1830_1891.jpg|thumb|283x283px| An kwatanta Msiri a cikin littafi na 1886.]]{{Databox}} '''Msiri''' (c. 1830 - Disamba 20, 1891) ya kafa daular Yeke (wanda ake kira daular Garanganze ko Garenganze) a kudu maso gabashin Katanga (yanzu a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DR Congo]] ) daga kimanin shekarar 1856 zuwa 1891. Wani lokaci ana rubuta sunansa 'M'Siri' a cikin labaran Faransanci. Sauran bambance-bambancen su ne "Mziri", "Msidi", da "Mushidi"; kuma cikakken sunansa '''Mwenda Msiri Ngelengwa Shitambi''' . == Asalin Msiri da hawan mulki == [[Fayil:Msiri's_kingdom_in_1880_760x460_lo-res.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Kudancin Afirka ta Tsakiya a cikin shekarar 1890 yana nuna matsayi na tsakiya na Msiri ta Yeke Kingdom da kuma manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, tare da kimanin yankuna na manyan abokan Msiri (sunaye a cikin rawaya) da kuma yankunan da ke da ikon Turai (sunaye a orange - baya nuna tasirin tasiri ko iyakoki). Sarkin Zanzibar ne ke kula da cinikin gabar tekun gabas . Ba a nuna yankunan tasirin wasu kabilu da na Faransa da Jamus ba.]] === Daga Tabora zuwa Katanga === Msiri ya kuma kasance Nyamwezi daga Tabora a [[Tanzaniya]] ta zamani kuma ɗan kasuwa, kamar mahaifinsa Kalasa, yana da hannu cikin [[Bauta a Zanzibar|cinikin bayi]] na tagulla, hauren giwa da Gabashin Afirka wanda Sarkin Zanzibar da wakilansa [[Larabawa|na Larabawa]] da [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] ke sarrafawa. Babban hanyar kasuwanci ta tafi Ujiji a [[tafkin Tanganyika]] sannan zuwa tafkin Mweru da Katanga. <ref>Moloney, Joseph Augustus (1893). ''With Captain Stairs to Katanga'', pp. 172−3, London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company ({{ISBN|0-9553936-5-5}}).</ref> === Ikon soja === Msiri ya gane samun bindigogi shine mabuɗin wutar lantarki, kuma a Katanga, yana da albarkatun tagulla da hauren giwa da zai yi ciniki da su. Ya kafa rundunar soji ya fara cin maƙwabtansa. Ya kuma yi aure a gidan sarautar Luba, inda ya fara amfani da mata a matsayin ƴan leƙen asiri. Ya dogara ne da cinikin bindigu na gabas da bindigu da foda, wanda ya ratsa cikin yankin abokan hamayyarsa, yana sanya kayayyaki masu tsada da rashin dogaro. A maimakon haka sai ya juya zuwa gaɓar yamma, ya aika da ɗan'uwansa Molenga zuwa ga Ovimbundu da [[Portugal|Portuguese]] 'yan kasuwa a kusa da [[Benguela]] a [[Angola]], kuma wani dan kasuwa a can mai suna Coimbra ya zama mai kawo masa kaya. [[Mutanen Luba]] da ke arewa-maso-yamma sun mallaki kasuwancin gabar tekun yamma, amma Msiri ya karbe shi ya dakatar da fadada su zuwa kudu. A yanzu Msiri yana da iko da tasiri wajen kulla kawance kamar yadda ya zama daidai da shugabannin yaki irin su [[Tippu Tip]], wanda ke iko da gabashin Kongo daga tafkin Tanganyika har ya zuwa yanzu Uganda a arewa maso gabas, da kuma shugaban Nyamwezi Mirambo wanda ke kula da hanyar kasa tsakanin tafkin Tanganyika da bakin teku, kuma ya nemi yin koyi da su. Msiri ya cimma abin da wasu kabilu da Portuguese suka yi ƙoƙari ba tare da samun nasara mai yawa ba, wanda shine kasuwanci a fadin nahiyar, tare da iyakokin biyu. A lokacin ziyarar David Livingstone zuwa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VIII]] a cikin 1867, Msiri ya mallaki mafi yawan yankunan Mwata da kasuwanci a yammacin gabar kogin Luapula . <ref name="Gordon" /> Tippu Tip ya so daukar fansa kan Kazembe saboda kashe shida daga cikin mutanensa, kuma ya kulla kawance da Msiri don kai hari kuma ya kashe Mwata Kazembe a 1870, kuma Msiri daga baya ya yi tasiri wajen nada magajinsa. An ƙarfafa ikon Msiri na kudu maso gabashin Katanga da albarkatun tagulla. === Dabarar Msiri === [[Fayil:Maria_de_Fonseca.jpg|thumb| Matar da Msiri ya fi so, Baturen-Angolan Maria de Fonseca, wacce ta mutu da mugunyar mutuwa a hannun ɗan da Msiri ya ɗauka kuma magajinsa.]] A cikin yanki da shekarun da 'yan kasuwa masu dauke da makamai suka mamaye, Msiri ya yi nasara sosai. Gudanar da hanyoyin kasuwancin da ke tsakanin Tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantika]] da [[Tekun Indiya|Indiya]] ya ɗauki rashin tausayi da makamai (kuma a kan maƙwabtansa, Msiri yana da abin da za a kira a yammacin ' fasahar soja mafi girma'). Amma kuma ya dauki ido mai ma'ana, kuma yaudara da lallashi da ake bukata don kulla kawance da daruruwan sauran kabilu, masu mulki da 'yan kasuwa. Ya yi haka ne ta hannun matansa wadanda adadinsu ya haura 500. Ya ɗauki mata daga ƙauyen kowane basarake, wanda ya sa sarkin ya ɗauka cewa wannan ya ba shi lauya a kotun Msiri, amma matar ta yi amfani da ita don leken asiri ga sarki kuma don samun bayanai game da mu'amalarsa da amincinsa. Ana iya amfani da matar a matsayin garkuwa idan duk wani tawaye daga wannan sarkin. Msiri ya kuma kulla kawance da wasu manyan abokan ciniki ta hanyar aure. An ce matar da ya fi so ita ce Maria de Fonseca, 'yar'uwar abokin ciniki na Portuguese-Angolan Coimbra. Msiri ya auri daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa mata ga [[Tippu Tip]] . A cikin 1884, yana son samun shawarwari kan yadda za a tunkari turawan mulkin mallaka [[Turai|na gabatowa]], ya gayyaci wani ɗan mishan [[Scotland|dan Scotland]], Frederick Stanley Arnot, wanda ya ji yana Angola, ya zo babban birninsa a Bunkeya, 180.&nbsp;km yamma da kogin Luapula . A cikin 1886 Arnot ya isa kuma shine farar fata na farko da ya zauna a Katanga. Bayan shekaru uku ya koma [[Birtaniya|Biritaniya]] don ɗaukar ƙarin masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje, gami da Charles Swan da Dan Crawford . Saboda haka, masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje na farko a Katanga ba su tsai da shawarar zuwa can da nasu yunƙurin ba. Dabarar Msiri ta yi aiki: shawarwarin mishan sun hana shi shiga ta balaguron farko na Burtaniya da Belgium (duba ƙasa). Hakanan yana iya yiwuwa Msiri yana da ra'ayin yin garkuwa da 'yan mishan a duk wani yaki da Turawa, kamar yadda ya yi garkuwa da matan kabilu. == Rikicin Katanga da kashe Msiri == === Balaguron Biritaniya (Sharpe da Thomson), 1890 === [[Cecil Rhodes]] ' Kamfani na Afirka ta Kudu na Burtaniya (BSAC) da [[Beljik|Belgian]] King Leopold II 's Kongo Free State (CFS) duk sun so rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin da Msiri don cika burinsu na mulkin mallaka kuma sun yi takara don yin hakan. Wasu daga cikin sarakunan da ke karkashin Msiri da masu fafatawa a kasuwanci sun yi amfani da damar zuwan sabbin iko a yankin don fara tawaye ga ikonsa. A cikin Nuwamba 1890 Alfred Sharpe ya isa Bunkeya daga Nyasaland a madadin BSAC da Kwamishinan Biritaniya a Afirka ta Tsakiya/ Nyasaland, Sir Harry Johnston, tare da rangwamen haƙƙin ma'adinai da yarjejeniyar kariyar Birtaniyya don sanya hannu. BSAC ne ta aiko mai binciken Joseph Thomson don saduwa da ƙarfafa aikin Sharpe a Bunkeya, amma cutar [[Agana|sankarau]] ta toshe hanyarta kuma ta kasa ci gaba. Har yanzu Arnot yana Biritaniya amma Charles Swan da Dan Crawford sun halarta. Msiri da jami'ansa ba su iya karanta Turanci ba kuma Sharpe ya kwatanta yarjejeniyar da kyau, amma Arnot ya shawarci Msiri da a fassara duk wata yarjejeniya, kuma Swan yanzu ya ba da irin wannan shawara. Don haka daga baya masu mishan sun zama batun bacin rai da fushi a madadin BSAC, domin lokacin da aka bayyana ainihin abin da yarjejeniyar ta kunsa ga Msiri, ya fusata, ya sallami Sharpe hannu wofi. Sharpe ya tabbata Msiri ba zai rattaba hannu kan ikon mallakar wani iko ba, kuma ya shawarci Johnston da ya jira har sai ya fita daga hanya. === Balaguron Belgian (Le Marinel da Delcommune), 1891 === A ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1891 Leopold ya aika da balaguro na mutane kusan 350 karkashin jagorancin Paul Le Marinel . Ya sami ɗan gajeren wasiƙa da Msiri ya sa hannu kuma Swan ya shaida (kuma mai yiwuwa shi ne ya rubuta shi), cewa Msiri zai karɓi wakilan CFS a yankinsa. Ba a ambaci yarda da a daga tutar CFS ba ko kuma a amince da ikon Leopold, kuma da alama rashin daidaito an tsara shi ne don kiyaye Leopold a bakin teku, don haka bayan 'yan watanni [[Alexandre Delcommune|Delcommune Expedition]] ya biyo baya don ƙoƙarin cimma waɗannan manufofin, amma kuma Msiri ya ƙi. Da tsammanin cewa BSAC za ta sake gwadawa tare da Thomson, Leopold ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar mataki mai ƙarfi tare da balaguron sa na uku na 1891. === Balaguron Matakala da kashe Msiri === {{Blockquote|In all truth, we don't know where this head went. Is it in Europe, in some Museum, in the house of Leopold II, or with whom? Up to this day, we don't know."<ref name=Fabian/>}} A ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1891 da makamai masu linzami Expedition na CFS ya isa Bunkeya tare da sojoji 400 da 'yan dako, karkashin jagorancin [[Kanada]], Kyaftin WG Stairs, wanda Leopold ya umarta don tayar da tutar CFS kuma ya yi ikirarin Katanga da karfi idan ya cancanta. An fara tattaunawa kuma Msiri ya nuna cewa zai iya amincewa da wata yarjejeniya idan aka kawo masa foda. A cewar Likitan Expedition na Stairs Expedition Joseph Moloney da jami'in na uku Christian de Bonchamps, tare da yin shawarwari a tsaka-tsaki, Msiri ya mayar da martani ga matsananci kuma ga Matakan da ke tashi da tutar CFS ba tare da izininsa ba, ta hanyar tashi da dare zuwa wani kauye mai garu a Munema a gefen Bunkeya. Washegari, 20 ga Disamba, 1891, Stairs ya aika da babban kwamandan sa na biyu, Laftanar Omer Bodson na Belgium tare da de Bonchamps da sojoji 100 don kama Msiri. Duk da damuwar de Bonchamps game da hatsarin, Bodson ya shiga cikin Munema tare da mutane goma sha biyu ya fuskanci Msiri a gaban mayakansa kusan 300. Msiri bai ce komai ba sai a fusace ya fara zare [[Takobi|takobin]] da aka yi masa kyauta daga Stairs. Bodson ya zana bijirewa ya harbe Msiri har sau uku, ya kashe shi. Fada ya barke, kuma daya daga cikin mutanen Msiri ya harbe Bodson har lahira, ya mutu daga baya. Tarihin baka na mutanen Garanganze ya ƙunshi wasu sabani game da lamarin. A cikin wani labari, Msiri ya yi wa Bodson mashi har lahira kuma wasu 'yan tawagar sun harbe shi. === Kaddarar kan Msiri === A cikin wata kasida da aka buga a birnin Paris a shekara ta 1892, de Bonchamps ya bayyana cewa bayan da suka dawo da gawar Msiri zuwa sansaninsu, balaguron ya yanke kansa tare da ɗaga shi a kan sandar sanda a matsayin 'darasi mara kyau' ga Garanganze. Littafin Moloney yayi shiru akan batun. Dan Crawford ya kasance a wani waje na Belgium 40&nbsp;km daga nesa kuma, ya dogara da rahoton Garanganze, ya rubuta cewa bayan ya harbe Msiri, 'Bodson' ya yanke kansa kuma ya yi ihu "Na kashe tiger! Vive le Roi!". Tarihi na baka na Garanganze ya ce gawar da aka mayar musu da Stairs don binne gawar ba ta da kai, kuma balaguron ya kiyaye kan. Wani labari ya ce ta la'anci kuma ta kashe duk wanda ya ɗauke ta <ref name="Fabian">[http://www2.fmg.uva.nl/lpca/aps/tshibumba1a.html Fabian, Johannes (11 November 1998). "The history of Zaire as told and painted by Tshibumba Kanda Matulu in conversation with Johannes Fabian."] ''Archives of Popular Swahili'' '''2''' (2). {{ISSN|1570-0178}}.</ref> kuma daga ƙarshe, wannan ya haɗa da Stairs da kansa, wanda ya mutu sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] bayan watanni shida a hanyar dawowa, kuma an yi zargin cewa yana tare da kan Msiri a cikin gwangwani na kananzir. Tarihin wadanda suka gaji Msiri ya ce an binne kan a karkashin wani tsauni na duwatsu a kasar Zambiya, amma kuma ya ce magajin Msiri ya 'kama ya kashe dukkan Turawa a wannan balaguron'. A cikin 1998 mai zane [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|ɗan Kongo]] Tshibumba Kanda-Matulu ya ce: {{Blockquote|There can be little doubt, judging from various contemporary accounts, that his rule was arbitrary, vindictive, cruel, and despotic. He was a warlord who enslaved his neighbours and whose capital was surrounded by palisades on which hung the skulls of his enemies.<ref name="DACBFA"/>}} === Katanga bayan Msiri === Sojojin balaguron sun kashe da yawa daga cikin mutanen Msiri a ranar a Munema, kuma jama'a sun watse. Da sharadin ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin CFS, Stairs ya nada dan renon Msiri a matsayin shugaba a madadinsa amma na yanki da ya ragu sosai, ya maido da masarautun Wasanga wadanda Msiri ya hambarar da su shekaru 30 da suka gabata. Balaguron Matakan ya bar bayan makonni bakwai lokacin da wani balaguron CFS ( [[Bia Expedition|Batun Bia]] ) ya zo daga arewa. Ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai don kiyaye ingantaccen iko, kuma ya ƙaura zuwa gabashin Katanga. Hagu ba tare da wani sojojin CFS ba don kiyaye zaman lafiya, rikice-rikice da rashin zaman lafiya sun mamaye wuraren da Msiri ya bari na ɗan lokaci yayin da sarakunan suka yi yaƙi da juna, kuma Dan Crawford ya ƙaura zuwa tafkin Mweru kuma ya kafa manufa wanda Garanganze da yawa suka ƙaura don tserewa rikicin. Birtaniya ta yarda da mallakar Katanga na Free State na Kongo (gwamnatin da Leopold ya ba wa Compagnie du Katanga) kuma an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Anglo-Belgian a 1894. Kasuwancin bayi daga kudu maso gabashin Katanga zuwa tafkin Tanganyika ya ragu, ko da yake a Kongo 'Yancin Bautar da aka yi a Kongo kamar yadda jami'an sarki Leopold na biyu suka yi bai ƙare ba sai bayan da kasar Belgian ta kwace kasar a shekara ta 1908. Wasu daga cikin mutanen Garanganze sun koma Bunkeya kuma suka ci gaba da sarautar Garanganze wanda, duk da gudun hijira na cikin gida na wasu shekaru, yana ci gaba da yin amfani da sunan 'Mwami Mwenda' bayan sunan farko na Msiri, yana mulkin jama'a kusan 20,000. == Kimantawa == {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Mummunan hukunci === [[Fayil:Msiris_compound.jpg|thumb| ''Boma'' Msiri a Bunkeya. Abubuwan da ke saman sandunan nan huɗu, waɗanda aka tattara wasu mayaka na Msiri a ƙasa, shugabannin abokan gāba ne. Ƙarin kokon kai suna kan gungumen azaba suna samar da hannun jari. ]] An ce Msiri yana azabtar da makiyansa da sauran miyagu ta hanyar yankan kunne (yanke kunne), binne shi har wuyansa a bar shi da yunwa, ko kuma a rufe shi a cikin bukka don cin abincin karnuka. An aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ta hanyar fille kai, kamar yadda kawukan da aka ɗora akan sanduna suka shaida. Abin ban mamaki balaguron matakala ya yi wa Msiri da kansa (kuma gwamnatin Leopold a cikin Kongo Free State sun rataye kawuna da gawarwakin mazauna kauyuka a kan shinge a matsayin gargadi ga wasu abin da ya faru da wadanda ba su cika adadin roba ba). Babban birnin Msiri na Bunkeya da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye yana da yawan jama'a 60,000-80,000 a 1891. Shekara guda bayan mutuwar Msiri, 10,000-20,000 ne. A wannan yanki na Afirka mutane suna tarwatsewa cikin daji lokacin da aka yi musu barazana. Alal misali, David Livingstone ya ruwaito shekaru ashirin da suka shige cewa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VII Chinkonkole Kafuti]] ya zaluntar mutanensa har da yawa sun yi hijira, kuma da kyar ya iya tara mazaje 1000. A ci gaba da sabanin da Msiri, lokacin da makasan da Msiri da Tippu Tib suka aika suka ci gaba da kai hari kan boma, mutanen Chinkonkole Kafuti ba su gargade shi ba, amma sai suka ba shi mamaki. === Bayanin Arnot na Msiri === Daga cikin rubutattun asusun Msiri na zamani, duk sun kasance ta ko bisa asusun mutane a cikin albashin Leopold ko BSAC, banda Arnot da abokan aikinsa na mishan, mafi kusancin akwai masu lura da tsaka tsaki. Arnot ya kira Msiri a matsayin "mai gaskiya," kuma ya kafa dangantakar aiki tare da shi, tare da wani adadin mutunta juna. Msiri ya bai wa Arnot filin ya gina nasa bukka, ƙaramin asibiti, coci, da makaranta. Lokacin da Arnot ya koma Landan ya ɗauki ƙarin mishan uku don su je Msiri a Bunkeya. Littattafai na Arnot sun ce rayuwa a Bunkeya: {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Rahoton The Stairs Expedition === Gidan yanar gizon maganganun siyasa yana ba da waɗannan azaman kalmomin ƙarshe na Omer Bodson: {{Blockquote|I don't mind dying now that I've killed Msiri. Thank God my death will not be in vain. I've delivered Africa from one of her most detestable tyrants.<br>— Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney.<ref>[http://www.politicalquotes.org/Quotedisplay.aspx?DocID=13222 "Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney, 1892".] ''Eigen's Political & Historical Quotations''. Retrieved 10 February 2007.</ref>}} Moloney, likitan matattakalar balaguron balaguro, ya rubuta asusunsa lokacin da ya koma Landan a 1892. Sakamakon rubuce-rubucen maza irin su Livingstone, ra'ayin jama'a a Biritaniya ya fara yin yunƙurin yin gyare-gyare wanda ya amfanar da 'yan asalin daular Burtaniya. Moloney ya lura cewa Msiri yana da "masu neman gafara" a Landan. Sarki Leopold dole ne ya halasta da'awarsa ta Kwango Free State ta Katanga a ƙarƙashin [[Taron Berlin|ƙa'idar Tasirin Babban Taron Berlin]], don haka ana buƙatar hujja don kashe Msiri. An yi amfani da rahotannin The Stairs Expedition a Turai don jaddada kare kai a matsayin dalilin mutuwarsa, tare da ikirarin cewa shi azzalumi ne mai kishin jini. Maganar Moloney ta Bodson na ban mamaki kalmomi masu mutuwa sun taimaka a wannan fannin. Tambayar ita ce ko ana bayyana Msiri a matsayin azzalumi mai kishin jini tun kafin a kashe shi, a lokacin da mahukuntan masarauta ke neman sa hannun sa kan wata yarjejeniya. == Duba kuma == * William Grant Stairs ** Balaguron Matakala * Mulkin Yeke * Yau mutane * Lardin Katanga * Kasar Congo Free State * Maria de Fonseca * Alfred Sharpe * Omer Bodson * Joseph Moloney * Christian de Bonchamps * Congo Pedicle * [[Taron Berlin|1884-85 Taron Berlin]] * [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe]] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929144902/http://www.kingmsiri.com/fr/kings/king1.htm ''Mwami Msiri, Sarkin Garanganze'' .] Shafin yanar gizo na magadan Msiri a matsayin sarakunan mutanen Garanganze. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6zk8en3vwjgxykk9tbxwb83erjlnlx9 892875 892874 2026-08-08T10:22:43Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892875 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Msiri_1830_1891.jpg|thumb|283x283px| An kwatanta Msiri a cikin littafi na 1886.]]{{Databox}} '''Msiri''' (c. 1830 - Disamba 20, 1891) ya kafa daular Yeke (wanda ake kira daular Garanganze ko Garenganze) a kudu maso gabashin Katanga (yanzu a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DR Congo]] ) daga kimanin shekarar 1856 zuwa 1891. Wani lokaci ana rubuta sunansa 'M'Siri' a cikin labaran Faransanci. Sauran bambance-bambancen su ne "Mziri", "Msidi", da "Mushidi"; kuma cikakken sunansa '''Mwenda Msiri Ngelengwa Shitambi''' . == Asalin Msiri da hawan mulki == [[Fayil:Msiri's_kingdom_in_1880_760x460_lo-res.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Kudancin Afirka ta Tsakiya a cikin shekarar 1890 yana nuna matsayi na tsakiya na Msiri ta Yeke Kingdom da kuma manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, tare da kimanin yankuna na manyan abokan Msiri (sunaye a cikin rawaya) da kuma yankunan da ke da ikon Turai (sunaye a orange - baya nuna tasirin tasiri ko iyakoki). Sarkin Zanzibar ne ke kula da cinikin gabar tekun gabas . Ba a nuna yankunan tasirin wasu kabilu da na Faransa da Jamus ba.]] === Daga Tabora zuwa Katanga === Msiri ya kuma kasance Nyamwezi daga Tabora a [[Tanzaniya]] ta zamani kuma ɗan kasuwa, kamar mahaifinsa Kalasa, yana da hannu cikin [[Bauta a Zanzibar|cinikin bayi]] na tagulla, hauren giwa da Gabashin Afirka wanda Sarkin Zanzibar da wakilansa [[Larabawa|na Larabawa]] da [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] ke sarrafawa. Babban hanyar kasuwanci ta tafi Ujiji a [[tafkin Tanganyika]] sannan zuwa tafkin Mweru da Katanga. <ref>Moloney, Joseph Augustus (1893). ''With Captain Stairs to Katanga'', pp. 172−3, London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company ({{ISBN|0-9553936-5-5}}).</ref> === Ikon soja === Msiri ya gane samun bindigogi shine mabuɗin wutar lantarki, kuma a Katanga, yana da albarkatun tagulla da hauren giwa da zai yi ciniki da su. Ya kafa rundunar soji ya fara cin maƙwabtansa. Ya kuma yi aure a gidan sarautar Luba, inda ya fara amfani da mata a matsayin ƴan leƙen asiri. Ya kuma dogara ne da cinikin bindigu na gabas da bindigu da foda, wanda ya ratsa cikin yankin abokan hamayyarsa, yana sanya kayayyaki masu tsada da rashin dogaro. A maimakon haka sai ya juya zuwa gaɓar yamma, ya aika da ɗan'uwansa Molenga zuwa ga Ovimbundu da [[Portugal|Portuguese]] 'yan kasuwa a kusa da [[Benguela]] a [[Angola]], kuma wani dan kasuwa a can mai suna Coimbra ya zama mai kawo masa kaya. [[Mutanen Luba]] da ke arewa-maso-yamma sun mallaki kasuwancin gabar tekun yamma, amma Msiri ya karbe shi ya dakatar da fadada su zuwa kudu. A yanzu Msiri yana da iko da tasiri wajen kulla kawance kamar yadda ya zama daidai da shugabannin yaki irin su [[Tippu Tip]], wanda ke iko da gabashin Kongo daga tafkin Tanganyika har ya zuwa yanzu Uganda a arewa maso gabas, da kuma shugaban Nyamwezi Mirambo wanda ke kula da hanyar kasa tsakanin tafkin Tanganyika da bakin teku, kuma ya nemi yin koyi da su. Msiri ya cimma abin da wasu kabilu da Portuguese suka yi ƙoƙari ba tare da samun nasara mai yawa ba, wanda shine kasuwanci a fadin nahiyar, tare da iyakokin biyu. A lokacin ziyarar David Livingstone zuwa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VIII]] a cikin 1867, Msiri ya mallaki mafi yawan yankunan Mwata da kasuwanci a yammacin gabar kogin Luapula . <ref name="Gordon" /> Tippu Tip ya so daukar fansa kan Kazembe saboda kashe shida daga cikin mutanensa, kuma ya kulla kawance da Msiri don kai hari kuma ya kashe Mwata Kazembe a 1870, kuma Msiri daga baya ya yi tasiri wajen nada magajinsa. An ƙarfafa ikon Msiri na kudu maso gabashin Katanga da albarkatun tagulla. === Dabarar Msiri === [[Fayil:Maria_de_Fonseca.jpg|thumb| Matar da Msiri ya fi so, Baturen-Angolan Maria de Fonseca, wacce ta mutu da mugunyar mutuwa a hannun ɗan da Msiri ya ɗauka kuma magajinsa.]] A cikin yanki da shekarun da 'yan kasuwa masu dauke da makamai suka mamaye, Msiri ya yi nasara sosai. Gudanar da hanyoyin kasuwancin da ke tsakanin Tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantika]] da [[Tekun Indiya|Indiya]] ya ɗauki rashin tausayi da makamai (kuma a kan maƙwabtansa, Msiri yana da abin da za a kira a yammacin ' fasahar soja mafi girma'). Amma kuma ya dauki ido mai ma'ana, kuma yaudara da lallashi da ake bukata don kulla kawance da daruruwan sauran kabilu, masu mulki da 'yan kasuwa. Ya yi haka ne ta hannun matansa wadanda adadinsu ya haura 500. Ya ɗauki mata daga ƙauyen kowane basarake, wanda ya sa sarkin ya ɗauka cewa wannan ya ba shi lauya a kotun Msiri, amma matar ta yi amfani da ita don leken asiri ga sarki kuma don samun bayanai game da mu'amalarsa da amincinsa. Ana iya amfani da matar a matsayin garkuwa idan duk wani tawaye daga wannan sarkin. Msiri ya kuma kulla kawance da wasu manyan abokan ciniki ta hanyar aure. An ce matar da ya fi so ita ce Maria de Fonseca, 'yar'uwar abokin ciniki na Portuguese-Angolan Coimbra. Msiri ya auri daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa mata ga [[Tippu Tip]] . A cikin 1884, yana son samun shawarwari kan yadda za a tunkari turawan mulkin mallaka [[Turai|na gabatowa]], ya gayyaci wani ɗan mishan [[Scotland|dan Scotland]], Frederick Stanley Arnot, wanda ya ji yana Angola, ya zo babban birninsa a Bunkeya, 180.&nbsp;km yamma da kogin Luapula . A cikin 1886 Arnot ya isa kuma shine farar fata na farko da ya zauna a Katanga. Bayan shekaru uku ya koma [[Birtaniya|Biritaniya]] don ɗaukar ƙarin masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje, gami da Charles Swan da Dan Crawford . Saboda haka, masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje na farko a Katanga ba su tsai da shawarar zuwa can da nasu yunƙurin ba. Dabarar Msiri ta yi aiki: shawarwarin mishan sun hana shi shiga ta balaguron farko na Burtaniya da Belgium (duba ƙasa). Hakanan yana iya yiwuwa Msiri yana da ra'ayin yin garkuwa da 'yan mishan a duk wani yaki da Turawa, kamar yadda ya yi garkuwa da matan kabilu. == Rikicin Katanga da kashe Msiri == === Balaguron Biritaniya (Sharpe da Thomson), 1890 === [[Cecil Rhodes]] ' Kamfani na Afirka ta Kudu na Burtaniya (BSAC) da [[Beljik|Belgian]] King Leopold II 's Kongo Free State (CFS) duk sun so rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin da Msiri don cika burinsu na mulkin mallaka kuma sun yi takara don yin hakan. Wasu daga cikin sarakunan da ke karkashin Msiri da masu fafatawa a kasuwanci sun yi amfani da damar zuwan sabbin iko a yankin don fara tawaye ga ikonsa. A cikin Nuwamba 1890 Alfred Sharpe ya isa Bunkeya daga Nyasaland a madadin BSAC da Kwamishinan Biritaniya a Afirka ta Tsakiya/ Nyasaland, Sir Harry Johnston, tare da rangwamen haƙƙin ma'adinai da yarjejeniyar kariyar Birtaniyya don sanya hannu. BSAC ne ta aiko mai binciken Joseph Thomson don saduwa da ƙarfafa aikin Sharpe a Bunkeya, amma cutar [[Agana|sankarau]] ta toshe hanyarta kuma ta kasa ci gaba. Har yanzu Arnot yana Biritaniya amma Charles Swan da Dan Crawford sun halarta. Msiri da jami'ansa ba su iya karanta Turanci ba kuma Sharpe ya kwatanta yarjejeniyar da kyau, amma Arnot ya shawarci Msiri da a fassara duk wata yarjejeniya, kuma Swan yanzu ya ba da irin wannan shawara. Don haka daga baya masu mishan sun zama batun bacin rai da fushi a madadin BSAC, domin lokacin da aka bayyana ainihin abin da yarjejeniyar ta kunsa ga Msiri, ya fusata, ya sallami Sharpe hannu wofi. Sharpe ya tabbata Msiri ba zai rattaba hannu kan ikon mallakar wani iko ba, kuma ya shawarci Johnston da ya jira har sai ya fita daga hanya. === Balaguron Belgian (Le Marinel da Delcommune), 1891 === A ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1891 Leopold ya aika da balaguro na mutane kusan 350 karkashin jagorancin Paul Le Marinel . Ya sami ɗan gajeren wasiƙa da Msiri ya sa hannu kuma Swan ya shaida (kuma mai yiwuwa shi ne ya rubuta shi), cewa Msiri zai karɓi wakilan CFS a yankinsa. Ba a ambaci yarda da a daga tutar CFS ba ko kuma a amince da ikon Leopold, kuma da alama rashin daidaito an tsara shi ne don kiyaye Leopold a bakin teku, don haka bayan 'yan watanni [[Alexandre Delcommune|Delcommune Expedition]] ya biyo baya don ƙoƙarin cimma waɗannan manufofin, amma kuma Msiri ya ƙi. Da tsammanin cewa BSAC za ta sake gwadawa tare da Thomson, Leopold ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar mataki mai ƙarfi tare da balaguron sa na uku na 1891. === Balaguron Matakala da kashe Msiri === {{Blockquote|In all truth, we don't know where this head went. Is it in Europe, in some Museum, in the house of Leopold II, or with whom? Up to this day, we don't know."<ref name=Fabian/>}} A ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1891 da makamai masu linzami Expedition na CFS ya isa Bunkeya tare da sojoji 400 da 'yan dako, karkashin jagorancin [[Kanada]], Kyaftin WG Stairs, wanda Leopold ya umarta don tayar da tutar CFS kuma ya yi ikirarin Katanga da karfi idan ya cancanta. An fara tattaunawa kuma Msiri ya nuna cewa zai iya amincewa da wata yarjejeniya idan aka kawo masa foda. A cewar Likitan Expedition na Stairs Expedition Joseph Moloney da jami'in na uku Christian de Bonchamps, tare da yin shawarwari a tsaka-tsaki, Msiri ya mayar da martani ga matsananci kuma ga Matakan da ke tashi da tutar CFS ba tare da izininsa ba, ta hanyar tashi da dare zuwa wani kauye mai garu a Munema a gefen Bunkeya. Washegari, 20 ga Disamba, 1891, Stairs ya aika da babban kwamandan sa na biyu, Laftanar Omer Bodson na Belgium tare da de Bonchamps da sojoji 100 don kama Msiri. Duk da damuwar de Bonchamps game da hatsarin, Bodson ya shiga cikin Munema tare da mutane goma sha biyu ya fuskanci Msiri a gaban mayakansa kusan 300. Msiri bai ce komai ba sai a fusace ya fara zare [[Takobi|takobin]] da aka yi masa kyauta daga Stairs. Bodson ya zana bijirewa ya harbe Msiri har sau uku, ya kashe shi. Fada ya barke, kuma daya daga cikin mutanen Msiri ya harbe Bodson har lahira, ya mutu daga baya. Tarihin baka na mutanen Garanganze ya ƙunshi wasu sabani game da lamarin. A cikin wani labari, Msiri ya yi wa Bodson mashi har lahira kuma wasu 'yan tawagar sun harbe shi. === Kaddarar kan Msiri === A cikin wata kasida da aka buga a birnin Paris a shekara ta 1892, de Bonchamps ya bayyana cewa bayan da suka dawo da gawar Msiri zuwa sansaninsu, balaguron ya yanke kansa tare da ɗaga shi a kan sandar sanda a matsayin 'darasi mara kyau' ga Garanganze. Littafin Moloney yayi shiru akan batun. Dan Crawford ya kasance a wani waje na Belgium 40&nbsp;km daga nesa kuma, ya dogara da rahoton Garanganze, ya rubuta cewa bayan ya harbe Msiri, 'Bodson' ya yanke kansa kuma ya yi ihu "Na kashe tiger! Vive le Roi!". Tarihi na baka na Garanganze ya ce gawar da aka mayar musu da Stairs don binne gawar ba ta da kai, kuma balaguron ya kiyaye kan. Wani labari ya ce ta la'anci kuma ta kashe duk wanda ya ɗauke ta <ref name="Fabian">[http://www2.fmg.uva.nl/lpca/aps/tshibumba1a.html Fabian, Johannes (11 November 1998). "The history of Zaire as told and painted by Tshibumba Kanda Matulu in conversation with Johannes Fabian."] ''Archives of Popular Swahili'' '''2''' (2). {{ISSN|1570-0178}}.</ref> kuma daga ƙarshe, wannan ya haɗa da Stairs da kansa, wanda ya mutu sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] bayan watanni shida a hanyar dawowa, kuma an yi zargin cewa yana tare da kan Msiri a cikin gwangwani na kananzir. Tarihin wadanda suka gaji Msiri ya ce an binne kan a karkashin wani tsauni na duwatsu a kasar Zambiya, amma kuma ya ce magajin Msiri ya 'kama ya kashe dukkan Turawa a wannan balaguron'. A cikin 1998 mai zane [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|ɗan Kongo]] Tshibumba Kanda-Matulu ya ce: {{Blockquote|There can be little doubt, judging from various contemporary accounts, that his rule was arbitrary, vindictive, cruel, and despotic. He was a warlord who enslaved his neighbours and whose capital was surrounded by palisades on which hung the skulls of his enemies.<ref name="DACBFA"/>}} === Katanga bayan Msiri === Sojojin balaguron sun kashe da yawa daga cikin mutanen Msiri a ranar a Munema, kuma jama'a sun watse. Da sharadin ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin CFS, Stairs ya nada dan renon Msiri a matsayin shugaba a madadinsa amma na yanki da ya ragu sosai, ya maido da masarautun Wasanga wadanda Msiri ya hambarar da su shekaru 30 da suka gabata. Balaguron Matakan ya bar bayan makonni bakwai lokacin da wani balaguron CFS ( [[Bia Expedition|Batun Bia]] ) ya zo daga arewa. Ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai don kiyaye ingantaccen iko, kuma ya ƙaura zuwa gabashin Katanga. Hagu ba tare da wani sojojin CFS ba don kiyaye zaman lafiya, rikice-rikice da rashin zaman lafiya sun mamaye wuraren da Msiri ya bari na ɗan lokaci yayin da sarakunan suka yi yaƙi da juna, kuma Dan Crawford ya ƙaura zuwa tafkin Mweru kuma ya kafa manufa wanda Garanganze da yawa suka ƙaura don tserewa rikicin. Birtaniya ta yarda da mallakar Katanga na Free State na Kongo (gwamnatin da Leopold ya ba wa Compagnie du Katanga) kuma an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Anglo-Belgian a 1894. Kasuwancin bayi daga kudu maso gabashin Katanga zuwa tafkin Tanganyika ya ragu, ko da yake a Kongo 'Yancin Bautar da aka yi a Kongo kamar yadda jami'an sarki Leopold na biyu suka yi bai ƙare ba sai bayan da kasar Belgian ta kwace kasar a shekara ta 1908. Wasu daga cikin mutanen Garanganze sun koma Bunkeya kuma suka ci gaba da sarautar Garanganze wanda, duk da gudun hijira na cikin gida na wasu shekaru, yana ci gaba da yin amfani da sunan 'Mwami Mwenda' bayan sunan farko na Msiri, yana mulkin jama'a kusan 20,000. == Kimantawa == {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Mummunan hukunci === [[Fayil:Msiris_compound.jpg|thumb| ''Boma'' Msiri a Bunkeya. Abubuwan da ke saman sandunan nan huɗu, waɗanda aka tattara wasu mayaka na Msiri a ƙasa, shugabannin abokan gāba ne. Ƙarin kokon kai suna kan gungumen azaba suna samar da hannun jari. ]] An ce Msiri yana azabtar da makiyansa da sauran miyagu ta hanyar yankan kunne (yanke kunne), binne shi har wuyansa a bar shi da yunwa, ko kuma a rufe shi a cikin bukka don cin abincin karnuka. An aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ta hanyar fille kai, kamar yadda kawukan da aka ɗora akan sanduna suka shaida. Abin ban mamaki balaguron matakala ya yi wa Msiri da kansa (kuma gwamnatin Leopold a cikin Kongo Free State sun rataye kawuna da gawarwakin mazauna kauyuka a kan shinge a matsayin gargadi ga wasu abin da ya faru da wadanda ba su cika adadin roba ba). Babban birnin Msiri na Bunkeya da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye yana da yawan jama'a 60,000-80,000 a 1891. Shekara guda bayan mutuwar Msiri, 10,000-20,000 ne. A wannan yanki na Afirka mutane suna tarwatsewa cikin daji lokacin da aka yi musu barazana. Alal misali, David Livingstone ya ruwaito shekaru ashirin da suka shige cewa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VII Chinkonkole Kafuti]] ya zaluntar mutanensa har da yawa sun yi hijira, kuma da kyar ya iya tara mazaje 1000. A ci gaba da sabanin da Msiri, lokacin da makasan da Msiri da Tippu Tib suka aika suka ci gaba da kai hari kan boma, mutanen Chinkonkole Kafuti ba su gargade shi ba, amma sai suka ba shi mamaki. === Bayanin Arnot na Msiri === Daga cikin rubutattun asusun Msiri na zamani, duk sun kasance ta ko bisa asusun mutane a cikin albashin Leopold ko BSAC, banda Arnot da abokan aikinsa na mishan, mafi kusancin akwai masu lura da tsaka tsaki. Arnot ya kira Msiri a matsayin "mai gaskiya," kuma ya kafa dangantakar aiki tare da shi, tare da wani adadin mutunta juna. Msiri ya bai wa Arnot filin ya gina nasa bukka, ƙaramin asibiti, coci, da makaranta. Lokacin da Arnot ya koma Landan ya ɗauki ƙarin mishan uku don su je Msiri a Bunkeya. Littattafai na Arnot sun ce rayuwa a Bunkeya: {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Rahoton The Stairs Expedition === Gidan yanar gizon maganganun siyasa yana ba da waɗannan azaman kalmomin ƙarshe na Omer Bodson: {{Blockquote|I don't mind dying now that I've killed Msiri. Thank God my death will not be in vain. I've delivered Africa from one of her most detestable tyrants.<br>— Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney.<ref>[http://www.politicalquotes.org/Quotedisplay.aspx?DocID=13222 "Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney, 1892".] ''Eigen's Political & Historical Quotations''. Retrieved 10 February 2007.</ref>}} Moloney, likitan matattakalar balaguron balaguro, ya rubuta asusunsa lokacin da ya koma Landan a 1892. Sakamakon rubuce-rubucen maza irin su Livingstone, ra'ayin jama'a a Biritaniya ya fara yin yunƙurin yin gyare-gyare wanda ya amfanar da 'yan asalin daular Burtaniya. Moloney ya lura cewa Msiri yana da "masu neman gafara" a Landan. Sarki Leopold dole ne ya halasta da'awarsa ta Kwango Free State ta Katanga a ƙarƙashin [[Taron Berlin|ƙa'idar Tasirin Babban Taron Berlin]], don haka ana buƙatar hujja don kashe Msiri. An yi amfani da rahotannin The Stairs Expedition a Turai don jaddada kare kai a matsayin dalilin mutuwarsa, tare da ikirarin cewa shi azzalumi ne mai kishin jini. Maganar Moloney ta Bodson na ban mamaki kalmomi masu mutuwa sun taimaka a wannan fannin. Tambayar ita ce ko ana bayyana Msiri a matsayin azzalumi mai kishin jini tun kafin a kashe shi, a lokacin da mahukuntan masarauta ke neman sa hannun sa kan wata yarjejeniya. == Duba kuma == * William Grant Stairs ** Balaguron Matakala * Mulkin Yeke * Yau mutane * Lardin Katanga * Kasar Congo Free State * Maria de Fonseca * Alfred Sharpe * Omer Bodson * Joseph Moloney * Christian de Bonchamps * Congo Pedicle * [[Taron Berlin|1884-85 Taron Berlin]] * [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe]] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929144902/http://www.kingmsiri.com/fr/kings/king1.htm ''Mwami Msiri, Sarkin Garanganze'' .] Shafin yanar gizo na magadan Msiri a matsayin sarakunan mutanen Garanganze. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lblf27de9dg4joyitdzy1wb7q51lof7 892876 892875 2026-08-08T10:23:00Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892876 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Msiri_1830_1891.jpg|thumb|283x283px| An kwatanta Msiri a cikin littafi na 1886.]]{{Databox}} '''Msiri''' (c. 1830 - Disamba 20, 1891) ya kafa daular Yeke (wanda ake kira daular Garanganze ko Garenganze) a kudu maso gabashin Katanga (yanzu a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DR Congo]] ) daga kimanin shekarar 1856 zuwa 1891. Wani lokaci ana rubuta sunansa 'M'Siri' a cikin labaran Faransanci. Sauran bambance-bambancen su ne "Mziri", "Msidi", da "Mushidi"; kuma cikakken sunansa '''Mwenda Msiri Ngelengwa Shitambi''' . == Asalin Msiri da hawan mulki == [[Fayil:Msiri's_kingdom_in_1880_760x460_lo-res.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Kudancin Afirka ta Tsakiya a cikin shekarar 1890 yana nuna matsayi na tsakiya na Msiri ta Yeke Kingdom da kuma manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, tare da kimanin yankuna na manyan abokan Msiri (sunaye a cikin rawaya) da kuma yankunan da ke da ikon Turai (sunaye a orange - baya nuna tasirin tasiri ko iyakoki). Sarkin Zanzibar ne ke kula da cinikin gabar tekun gabas . Ba a nuna yankunan tasirin wasu kabilu da na Faransa da Jamus ba.]] === Daga Tabora zuwa Katanga === Msiri ya kuma kasance Nyamwezi daga Tabora a [[Tanzaniya]] ta zamani kuma ɗan kasuwa, kamar mahaifinsa Kalasa, yana da hannu cikin [[Bauta a Zanzibar|cinikin bayi]] na tagulla, hauren giwa da Gabashin Afirka wanda Sarkin Zanzibar da wakilansa [[Larabawa|na Larabawa]] da [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] ke sarrafawa. Babban hanyar kasuwanci ta tafi Ujiji a [[tafkin Tanganyika]] sannan zuwa tafkin Mweru da Katanga. <ref>Moloney, Joseph Augustus (1893). ''With Captain Stairs to Katanga'', pp. 172−3, London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company ({{ISBN|0-9553936-5-5}}).</ref> === Ikon soja === Msiri ya gane samun bindigogi shine mabuɗin wutar lantarki, kuma a Katanga, yana da albarkatun tagulla da hauren giwa da zai yi ciniki da su. Ya kafa rundunar soji ya fara cin maƙwabtansa. Ya kuma yi aure a gidan sarautar Luba, inda ya fara amfani da mata a matsayin ƴan leƙen asiri. Ya kuma dogara ne da cinikin bindigu na gabas da bindigu da foda, wanda ya ratsa cikin yankin abokan hamayyarsa, yana sanya kayayyaki masu tsada da rashin dogaro. A maimakon haka sai ya juya zuwa gaɓar yamma, ya aika da ɗan'uwansa Molenga zuwa ga Ovimbundu da [[Portugal|Portuguese]] 'yan kasuwa a kusa da [[Benguela]] a [[Angola]], kuma wani dan kasuwa a can mai suna Coimbra ya zama mai kawo masa kaya. [[Mutanen Luba]] da ke arewa-maso-yamma sun mallaki kasuwancin gabar tekun yamma, amma Msiri ya karbe shi ya dakatar da fadada su zuwa kudu. A yanzu Msiri yana da iko da tasiri wajen kulla kawance kamar yadda ya zama daidai da shugabannin yaki irin su [[Tippu Tip]], wanda ke iko da gabashin Kongo daga tafkin Tanganyika har ya zuwa yanzu Uganda a arewa maso gabas, da kuma shugaban Nyamwezi Mirambo wanda ke kula da hanyar kasa tsakanin tafkin Tanganyika da bakin teku, kuma ya nemi yin koyi da su. Msiri ya cimma abin da wasu kabilu da Portuguese suka yi ƙoƙari ba tare da samun nasara mai yawa ba, wanda shine kasuwanci a fadin nahiyar, tare da iyakokin biyu. A lokacin ziyarar David Livingstone zuwa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VIII]] a cikin shekarar 1867, Msiri ya mallaki mafi yawan yankunan Mwata da kasuwanci a yammacin gabar kogin Luapula . <ref name="Gordon" /> Tippu Tip ya so ɗaukar fansa kan Kazembe saboda kashe shida daga cikin mutanensa, kuma ya kulla kawance da Msiri don kai hari kuma ya kashe Mwata Kazembe a 1870, kuma Msiri daga baya ya yi tasiri wajen nada magajinsa. An ƙarfafa ikon Msiri na kudu maso gabashin Katanga da albarkatun tagulla. === Dabarar Msiri === [[Fayil:Maria_de_Fonseca.jpg|thumb| Matar da Msiri ya fi so, Baturen-Angolan Maria de Fonseca, wacce ta mutu da mugunyar mutuwa a hannun ɗan da Msiri ya ɗauka kuma magajinsa.]] A cikin yanki da shekarun da 'yan kasuwa masu dauke da makamai suka mamaye, Msiri ya yi nasara sosai. Gudanar da hanyoyin kasuwancin da ke tsakanin Tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantika]] da [[Tekun Indiya|Indiya]] ya ɗauki rashin tausayi da makamai (kuma a kan maƙwabtansa, Msiri yana da abin da za a kira a yammacin ' fasahar soja mafi girma'). Amma kuma ya dauki ido mai ma'ana, kuma yaudara da lallashi da ake bukata don kulla kawance da daruruwan sauran kabilu, masu mulki da 'yan kasuwa. Ya yi haka ne ta hannun matansa wadanda adadinsu ya haura 500. Ya ɗauki mata daga ƙauyen kowane basarake, wanda ya sa sarkin ya ɗauka cewa wannan ya ba shi lauya a kotun Msiri, amma matar ta yi amfani da ita don leken asiri ga sarki kuma don samun bayanai game da mu'amalarsa da amincinsa. Ana iya amfani da matar a matsayin garkuwa idan duk wani tawaye daga wannan sarkin. Msiri ya kuma kulla kawance da wasu manyan abokan ciniki ta hanyar aure. An ce matar da ya fi so ita ce Maria de Fonseca, 'yar'uwar abokin ciniki na Portuguese-Angolan Coimbra. Msiri ya auri daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa mata ga [[Tippu Tip]] . A cikin 1884, yana son samun shawarwari kan yadda za a tunkari turawan mulkin mallaka [[Turai|na gabatowa]], ya gayyaci wani ɗan mishan [[Scotland|dan Scotland]], Frederick Stanley Arnot, wanda ya ji yana Angola, ya zo babban birninsa a Bunkeya, 180.&nbsp;km yamma da kogin Luapula . A cikin 1886 Arnot ya isa kuma shine farar fata na farko da ya zauna a Katanga. Bayan shekaru uku ya koma [[Birtaniya|Biritaniya]] don ɗaukar ƙarin masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje, gami da Charles Swan da Dan Crawford . Saboda haka, masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje na farko a Katanga ba su tsai da shawarar zuwa can da nasu yunƙurin ba. Dabarar Msiri ta yi aiki: shawarwarin mishan sun hana shi shiga ta balaguron farko na Burtaniya da Belgium (duba ƙasa). Hakanan yana iya yiwuwa Msiri yana da ra'ayin yin garkuwa da 'yan mishan a duk wani yaki da Turawa, kamar yadda ya yi garkuwa da matan kabilu. == Rikicin Katanga da kashe Msiri == === Balaguron Biritaniya (Sharpe da Thomson), 1890 === [[Cecil Rhodes]] ' Kamfani na Afirka ta Kudu na Burtaniya (BSAC) da [[Beljik|Belgian]] King Leopold II 's Kongo Free State (CFS) duk sun so rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin da Msiri don cika burinsu na mulkin mallaka kuma sun yi takara don yin hakan. Wasu daga cikin sarakunan da ke karkashin Msiri da masu fafatawa a kasuwanci sun yi amfani da damar zuwan sabbin iko a yankin don fara tawaye ga ikonsa. A cikin Nuwamba 1890 Alfred Sharpe ya isa Bunkeya daga Nyasaland a madadin BSAC da Kwamishinan Biritaniya a Afirka ta Tsakiya/ Nyasaland, Sir Harry Johnston, tare da rangwamen haƙƙin ma'adinai da yarjejeniyar kariyar Birtaniyya don sanya hannu. BSAC ne ta aiko mai binciken Joseph Thomson don saduwa da ƙarfafa aikin Sharpe a Bunkeya, amma cutar [[Agana|sankarau]] ta toshe hanyarta kuma ta kasa ci gaba. Har yanzu Arnot yana Biritaniya amma Charles Swan da Dan Crawford sun halarta. Msiri da jami'ansa ba su iya karanta Turanci ba kuma Sharpe ya kwatanta yarjejeniyar da kyau, amma Arnot ya shawarci Msiri da a fassara duk wata yarjejeniya, kuma Swan yanzu ya ba da irin wannan shawara. Don haka daga baya masu mishan sun zama batun bacin rai da fushi a madadin BSAC, domin lokacin da aka bayyana ainihin abin da yarjejeniyar ta kunsa ga Msiri, ya fusata, ya sallami Sharpe hannu wofi. Sharpe ya tabbata Msiri ba zai rattaba hannu kan ikon mallakar wani iko ba, kuma ya shawarci Johnston da ya jira har sai ya fita daga hanya. === Balaguron Belgian (Le Marinel da Delcommune), 1891 === A ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1891 Leopold ya aika da balaguro na mutane kusan 350 karkashin jagorancin Paul Le Marinel . Ya sami ɗan gajeren wasiƙa da Msiri ya sa hannu kuma Swan ya shaida (kuma mai yiwuwa shi ne ya rubuta shi), cewa Msiri zai karɓi wakilan CFS a yankinsa. Ba a ambaci yarda da a daga tutar CFS ba ko kuma a amince da ikon Leopold, kuma da alama rashin daidaito an tsara shi ne don kiyaye Leopold a bakin teku, don haka bayan 'yan watanni [[Alexandre Delcommune|Delcommune Expedition]] ya biyo baya don ƙoƙarin cimma waɗannan manufofin, amma kuma Msiri ya ƙi. Da tsammanin cewa BSAC za ta sake gwadawa tare da Thomson, Leopold ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar mataki mai ƙarfi tare da balaguron sa na uku na 1891. === Balaguron Matakala da kashe Msiri === {{Blockquote|In all truth, we don't know where this head went. Is it in Europe, in some Museum, in the house of Leopold II, or with whom? Up to this day, we don't know."<ref name=Fabian/>}} A ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1891 da makamai masu linzami Expedition na CFS ya isa Bunkeya tare da sojoji 400 da 'yan dako, karkashin jagorancin [[Kanada]], Kyaftin WG Stairs, wanda Leopold ya umarta don tayar da tutar CFS kuma ya yi ikirarin Katanga da karfi idan ya cancanta. An fara tattaunawa kuma Msiri ya nuna cewa zai iya amincewa da wata yarjejeniya idan aka kawo masa foda. A cewar Likitan Expedition na Stairs Expedition Joseph Moloney da jami'in na uku Christian de Bonchamps, tare da yin shawarwari a tsaka-tsaki, Msiri ya mayar da martani ga matsananci kuma ga Matakan da ke tashi da tutar CFS ba tare da izininsa ba, ta hanyar tashi da dare zuwa wani kauye mai garu a Munema a gefen Bunkeya. Washegari, 20 ga Disamba, 1891, Stairs ya aika da babban kwamandan sa na biyu, Laftanar Omer Bodson na Belgium tare da de Bonchamps da sojoji 100 don kama Msiri. Duk da damuwar de Bonchamps game da hatsarin, Bodson ya shiga cikin Munema tare da mutane goma sha biyu ya fuskanci Msiri a gaban mayakansa kusan 300. Msiri bai ce komai ba sai a fusace ya fara zare [[Takobi|takobin]] da aka yi masa kyauta daga Stairs. Bodson ya zana bijirewa ya harbe Msiri har sau uku, ya kashe shi. Fada ya barke, kuma daya daga cikin mutanen Msiri ya harbe Bodson har lahira, ya mutu daga baya. Tarihin baka na mutanen Garanganze ya ƙunshi wasu sabani game da lamarin. A cikin wani labari, Msiri ya yi wa Bodson mashi har lahira kuma wasu 'yan tawagar sun harbe shi. === Kaddarar kan Msiri === A cikin wata kasida da aka buga a birnin Paris a shekara ta 1892, de Bonchamps ya bayyana cewa bayan da suka dawo da gawar Msiri zuwa sansaninsu, balaguron ya yanke kansa tare da ɗaga shi a kan sandar sanda a matsayin 'darasi mara kyau' ga Garanganze. Littafin Moloney yayi shiru akan batun. Dan Crawford ya kasance a wani waje na Belgium 40&nbsp;km daga nesa kuma, ya dogara da rahoton Garanganze, ya rubuta cewa bayan ya harbe Msiri, 'Bodson' ya yanke kansa kuma ya yi ihu "Na kashe tiger! Vive le Roi!". Tarihi na baka na Garanganze ya ce gawar da aka mayar musu da Stairs don binne gawar ba ta da kai, kuma balaguron ya kiyaye kan. Wani labari ya ce ta la'anci kuma ta kashe duk wanda ya ɗauke ta <ref name="Fabian">[http://www2.fmg.uva.nl/lpca/aps/tshibumba1a.html Fabian, Johannes (11 November 1998). "The history of Zaire as told and painted by Tshibumba Kanda Matulu in conversation with Johannes Fabian."] ''Archives of Popular Swahili'' '''2''' (2). {{ISSN|1570-0178}}.</ref> kuma daga ƙarshe, wannan ya haɗa da Stairs da kansa, wanda ya mutu sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] bayan watanni shida a hanyar dawowa, kuma an yi zargin cewa yana tare da kan Msiri a cikin gwangwani na kananzir. Tarihin wadanda suka gaji Msiri ya ce an binne kan a karkashin wani tsauni na duwatsu a kasar Zambiya, amma kuma ya ce magajin Msiri ya 'kama ya kashe dukkan Turawa a wannan balaguron'. A cikin 1998 mai zane [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|ɗan Kongo]] Tshibumba Kanda-Matulu ya ce: {{Blockquote|There can be little doubt, judging from various contemporary accounts, that his rule was arbitrary, vindictive, cruel, and despotic. He was a warlord who enslaved his neighbours and whose capital was surrounded by palisades on which hung the skulls of his enemies.<ref name="DACBFA"/>}} === Katanga bayan Msiri === Sojojin balaguron sun kashe da yawa daga cikin mutanen Msiri a ranar a Munema, kuma jama'a sun watse. Da sharadin ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin CFS, Stairs ya nada dan renon Msiri a matsayin shugaba a madadinsa amma na yanki da ya ragu sosai, ya maido da masarautun Wasanga wadanda Msiri ya hambarar da su shekaru 30 da suka gabata. Balaguron Matakan ya bar bayan makonni bakwai lokacin da wani balaguron CFS ( [[Bia Expedition|Batun Bia]] ) ya zo daga arewa. Ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai don kiyaye ingantaccen iko, kuma ya ƙaura zuwa gabashin Katanga. Hagu ba tare da wani sojojin CFS ba don kiyaye zaman lafiya, rikice-rikice da rashin zaman lafiya sun mamaye wuraren da Msiri ya bari na ɗan lokaci yayin da sarakunan suka yi yaƙi da juna, kuma Dan Crawford ya ƙaura zuwa tafkin Mweru kuma ya kafa manufa wanda Garanganze da yawa suka ƙaura don tserewa rikicin. Birtaniya ta yarda da mallakar Katanga na Free State na Kongo (gwamnatin da Leopold ya ba wa Compagnie du Katanga) kuma an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Anglo-Belgian a 1894. Kasuwancin bayi daga kudu maso gabashin Katanga zuwa tafkin Tanganyika ya ragu, ko da yake a Kongo 'Yancin Bautar da aka yi a Kongo kamar yadda jami'an sarki Leopold na biyu suka yi bai ƙare ba sai bayan da kasar Belgian ta kwace kasar a shekara ta 1908. Wasu daga cikin mutanen Garanganze sun koma Bunkeya kuma suka ci gaba da sarautar Garanganze wanda, duk da gudun hijira na cikin gida na wasu shekaru, yana ci gaba da yin amfani da sunan 'Mwami Mwenda' bayan sunan farko na Msiri, yana mulkin jama'a kusan 20,000. == Kimantawa == {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Mummunan hukunci === [[Fayil:Msiris_compound.jpg|thumb| ''Boma'' Msiri a Bunkeya. Abubuwan da ke saman sandunan nan huɗu, waɗanda aka tattara wasu mayaka na Msiri a ƙasa, shugabannin abokan gāba ne. Ƙarin kokon kai suna kan gungumen azaba suna samar da hannun jari. ]] An ce Msiri yana azabtar da makiyansa da sauran miyagu ta hanyar yankan kunne (yanke kunne), binne shi har wuyansa a bar shi da yunwa, ko kuma a rufe shi a cikin bukka don cin abincin karnuka. An aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ta hanyar fille kai, kamar yadda kawukan da aka ɗora akan sanduna suka shaida. Abin ban mamaki balaguron matakala ya yi wa Msiri da kansa (kuma gwamnatin Leopold a cikin Kongo Free State sun rataye kawuna da gawarwakin mazauna kauyuka a kan shinge a matsayin gargadi ga wasu abin da ya faru da wadanda ba su cika adadin roba ba). Babban birnin Msiri na Bunkeya da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye yana da yawan jama'a 60,000-80,000 a 1891. Shekara guda bayan mutuwar Msiri, 10,000-20,000 ne. A wannan yanki na Afirka mutane suna tarwatsewa cikin daji lokacin da aka yi musu barazana. Alal misali, David Livingstone ya ruwaito shekaru ashirin da suka shige cewa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VII Chinkonkole Kafuti]] ya zaluntar mutanensa har da yawa sun yi hijira, kuma da kyar ya iya tara mazaje 1000. A ci gaba da sabanin da Msiri, lokacin da makasan da Msiri da Tippu Tib suka aika suka ci gaba da kai hari kan boma, mutanen Chinkonkole Kafuti ba su gargade shi ba, amma sai suka ba shi mamaki. === Bayanin Arnot na Msiri === Daga cikin rubutattun asusun Msiri na zamani, duk sun kasance ta ko bisa asusun mutane a cikin albashin Leopold ko BSAC, banda Arnot da abokan aikinsa na mishan, mafi kusancin akwai masu lura da tsaka tsaki. Arnot ya kira Msiri a matsayin "mai gaskiya," kuma ya kafa dangantakar aiki tare da shi, tare da wani adadin mutunta juna. Msiri ya bai wa Arnot filin ya gina nasa bukka, ƙaramin asibiti, coci, da makaranta. Lokacin da Arnot ya koma Landan ya ɗauki ƙarin mishan uku don su je Msiri a Bunkeya. Littattafai na Arnot sun ce rayuwa a Bunkeya: {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Rahoton The Stairs Expedition === Gidan yanar gizon maganganun siyasa yana ba da waɗannan azaman kalmomin ƙarshe na Omer Bodson: {{Blockquote|I don't mind dying now that I've killed Msiri. Thank God my death will not be in vain. I've delivered Africa from one of her most detestable tyrants.<br>— Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney.<ref>[http://www.politicalquotes.org/Quotedisplay.aspx?DocID=13222 "Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney, 1892".] ''Eigen's Political & Historical Quotations''. Retrieved 10 February 2007.</ref>}} Moloney, likitan matattakalar balaguron balaguro, ya rubuta asusunsa lokacin da ya koma Landan a 1892. Sakamakon rubuce-rubucen maza irin su Livingstone, ra'ayin jama'a a Biritaniya ya fara yin yunƙurin yin gyare-gyare wanda ya amfanar da 'yan asalin daular Burtaniya. Moloney ya lura cewa Msiri yana da "masu neman gafara" a Landan. Sarki Leopold dole ne ya halasta da'awarsa ta Kwango Free State ta Katanga a ƙarƙashin [[Taron Berlin|ƙa'idar Tasirin Babban Taron Berlin]], don haka ana buƙatar hujja don kashe Msiri. An yi amfani da rahotannin The Stairs Expedition a Turai don jaddada kare kai a matsayin dalilin mutuwarsa, tare da ikirarin cewa shi azzalumi ne mai kishin jini. Maganar Moloney ta Bodson na ban mamaki kalmomi masu mutuwa sun taimaka a wannan fannin. Tambayar ita ce ko ana bayyana Msiri a matsayin azzalumi mai kishin jini tun kafin a kashe shi, a lokacin da mahukuntan masarauta ke neman sa hannun sa kan wata yarjejeniya. == Duba kuma == * William Grant Stairs ** Balaguron Matakala * Mulkin Yeke * Yau mutane * Lardin Katanga * Kasar Congo Free State * Maria de Fonseca * Alfred Sharpe * Omer Bodson * Joseph Moloney * Christian de Bonchamps * Congo Pedicle * [[Taron Berlin|1884-85 Taron Berlin]] * [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe]] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929144902/http://www.kingmsiri.com/fr/kings/king1.htm ''Mwami Msiri, Sarkin Garanganze'' .] Shafin yanar gizo na magadan Msiri a matsayin sarakunan mutanen Garanganze. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8ddatsw4l7h4gi9scunbr3so2hi5edb 892878 892876 2026-08-08T10:23:29Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892878 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Msiri_1830_1891.jpg|thumb|283x283px| An kwatanta Msiri a cikin littafi na 1886.]]{{Databox}} '''Msiri''' (c. 1830 - Disamba 20, 1891) ya kafa daular Yeke (wanda ake kira daular Garanganze ko Garenganze) a kudu maso gabashin Katanga (yanzu a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DR Congo]] ) daga kimanin shekarar 1856 zuwa 1891. Wani lokaci ana rubuta sunansa 'M'Siri' a cikin labaran Faransanci. Sauran bambance-bambancen su ne "Mziri", "Msidi", da "Mushidi"; kuma cikakken sunansa '''Mwenda Msiri Ngelengwa Shitambi''' . == Asalin Msiri da hawan mulki == [[Fayil:Msiri's_kingdom_in_1880_760x460_lo-res.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Kudancin Afirka ta Tsakiya a cikin shekarar 1890 yana nuna matsayi na tsakiya na Msiri ta Yeke Kingdom da kuma manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, tare da kimanin yankuna na manyan abokan Msiri (sunaye a cikin rawaya) da kuma yankunan da ke da ikon Turai (sunaye a orange - baya nuna tasirin tasiri ko iyakoki). Sarkin Zanzibar ne ke kula da cinikin gabar tekun gabas . Ba a nuna yankunan tasirin wasu kabilu da na Faransa da Jamus ba.]] === Daga Tabora zuwa Katanga === Msiri ya kuma kasance Nyamwezi daga Tabora a [[Tanzaniya]] ta zamani kuma ɗan kasuwa, kamar mahaifinsa Kalasa, yana da hannu cikin [[Bauta a Zanzibar|cinikin bayi]] na tagulla, hauren giwa da Gabashin Afirka wanda Sarkin Zanzibar da wakilansa [[Larabawa|na Larabawa]] da [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] ke sarrafawa. Babban hanyar kasuwanci ta tafi Ujiji a [[tafkin Tanganyika]] sannan zuwa tafkin Mweru da Katanga. <ref>Moloney, Joseph Augustus (1893). ''With Captain Stairs to Katanga'', pp. 172−3, London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company ({{ISBN|0-9553936-5-5}}).</ref> === Ikon soja === Msiri ya gane samun bindigogi shine mabuɗin wutar lantarki, kuma a Katanga, yana da albarkatun tagulla da hauren giwa da zai yi ciniki da su. Ya kafa rundunar soji ya fara cin maƙwabtansa. Ya kuma yi aure a gidan sarautar Luba, inda ya fara amfani da mata a matsayin ƴan leƙen asiri. Ya kuma dogara ne da cinikin bindigu na gabas da bindigu da foda, wanda ya ratsa cikin yankin abokan hamayyarsa, yana sanya kayayyaki masu tsada da rashin dogaro. A maimakon haka sai ya juya zuwa gaɓar yamma, ya aika da ɗan'uwansa Molenga zuwa ga Ovimbundu da [[Portugal|Portuguese]] 'yan kasuwa a kusa da [[Benguela]] a [[Angola]], kuma wani dan kasuwa a can mai suna Coimbra ya zama mai kawo masa kaya. [[Mutanen Luba]] da ke arewa-maso-yamma sun mallaki kasuwancin gabar tekun yamma, amma Msiri ya karbe shi ya dakatar da fadada su zuwa kudu. A yanzu Msiri yana da iko da tasiri wajen kulla kawance kamar yadda ya zama daidai da shugabannin yaki irin su [[Tippu Tip]], wanda ke iko da gabashin Kongo daga tafkin Tanganyika har ya zuwa yanzu Uganda a arewa maso gabas, da kuma shugaban Nyamwezi Mirambo wanda ke kula da hanyar kasa tsakanin tafkin Tanganyika da bakin teku, kuma ya nemi yin koyi da su. Msiri ya cimma abin da wasu kabilu da Portuguese suka yi ƙoƙari ba tare da samun nasara mai yawa ba, wanda shine kasuwanci a fadin nahiyar, tare da iyakokin biyu. A lokacin ziyarar David Livingstone zuwa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VIII]] a cikin shekarar 1867, Msiri ya mallaki mafi yawan yankunan Mwata da kasuwanci a yammacin gabar kogin Luapula . <ref name="Gordon" /> Tippu Tip ya so ɗaukar fansa kan Kazembe saboda kashe shida daga cikin mutanensa, kuma ya kulla kawance da Msiri don kai hari kuma ya kashe Mwata Kazembe a 1870, kuma Msiri daga baya ya yi tasiri wajen nada magajinsa. An ƙarfafa ikon Msiri na kudu maso gabashin Katanga da albarkatun tagulla. === Dabarar Msiri === [[Fayil:Maria_de_Fonseca.jpg|thumb| Matar da Msiri ya fi so, Baturen-Angolan Maria de Fonseca, wacce ta mutu da mugunyar mutuwa a hannun ɗan da Msiri ya ɗauka kuma magajinsa.]] A cikin yanki da shekarun da 'yan kasuwa masu ɗauke da makamai suka mamaye, Msiri ya yi nasara sosai. Gudanar da hanyoyin kasuwancin da ke tsakanin Tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantika]] da [[Tekun Indiya|Indiya]] ya ɗauki rashin tausayi da makamai (kuma a kan maƙwabtansa, Msiri yana da abin da za a kira a yammacin ' fasahar soja mafi girma'). Amma kuma ya dauki ido mai ma'ana, kuma yaudara da lallashi da ake bukata don kulla kawance da daruruwan sauran ƙabilu, masu mulki da 'yan kasuwa. Ya yi haka ne ta hannun matansa wadanda adadinsu ya haura 500. Ya ɗauki mata daga ƙauyen kowane basarake, wanda ya sa sarkin ya ɗauka cewa wannan ya ba shi lauya a kotun Msiri, amma matar ta yi amfani da ita don leken asiri ga sarki kuma don samun bayanai game da mu'amalarsa da amincinsa. Ana iya amfani da matar a matsayin garkuwa idan duk wani tawaye daga wannan sarkin. Msiri ya kuma kulla kawance da wasu manyan abokan ciniki ta hanyar aure. An ce matar da ya fi so ita ce Maria de Fonseca, 'yar'uwar abokin ciniki na Portuguese-Angolan Coimbra. Msiri ya auri daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa mata ga [[Tippu Tip]] . A cikin 1884, yana son samun shawarwari kan yadda za a tunkari turawan mulkin mallaka [[Turai|na gabatowa]], ya gayyaci wani ɗan mishan [[Scotland|dan Scotland]], Frederick Stanley Arnot, wanda ya ji yana Angola, ya zo babban birninsa a Bunkeya, 180.&nbsp;km yamma da kogin Luapula . A cikin 1886 Arnot ya isa kuma shine farar fata na farko da ya zauna a Katanga. Bayan shekaru uku ya koma [[Birtaniya|Biritaniya]] don ɗaukar ƙarin masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje, gami da Charles Swan da Dan Crawford . Saboda haka, masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje na farko a Katanga ba su tsai da shawarar zuwa can da nasu yunƙurin ba. Dabarar Msiri ta yi aiki: shawarwarin mishan sun hana shi shiga ta balaguron farko na Burtaniya da Belgium (duba ƙasa). Hakanan yana iya yiwuwa Msiri yana da ra'ayin yin garkuwa da 'yan mishan a duk wani yaki da Turawa, kamar yadda ya yi garkuwa da matan kabilu. == Rikicin Katanga da kashe Msiri == === Balaguron Biritaniya (Sharpe da Thomson), 1890 === [[Cecil Rhodes]] ' Kamfani na Afirka ta Kudu na Burtaniya (BSAC) da [[Beljik|Belgian]] King Leopold II 's Kongo Free State (CFS) duk sun so rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin da Msiri don cika burinsu na mulkin mallaka kuma sun yi takara don yin hakan. Wasu daga cikin sarakunan da ke karkashin Msiri da masu fafatawa a kasuwanci sun yi amfani da damar zuwan sabbin iko a yankin don fara tawaye ga ikonsa. A cikin Nuwamba 1890 Alfred Sharpe ya isa Bunkeya daga Nyasaland a madadin BSAC da Kwamishinan Biritaniya a Afirka ta Tsakiya/ Nyasaland, Sir Harry Johnston, tare da rangwamen haƙƙin ma'adinai da yarjejeniyar kariyar Birtaniyya don sanya hannu. BSAC ne ta aiko mai binciken Joseph Thomson don saduwa da ƙarfafa aikin Sharpe a Bunkeya, amma cutar [[Agana|sankarau]] ta toshe hanyarta kuma ta kasa ci gaba. Har yanzu Arnot yana Biritaniya amma Charles Swan da Dan Crawford sun halarta. Msiri da jami'ansa ba su iya karanta Turanci ba kuma Sharpe ya kwatanta yarjejeniyar da kyau, amma Arnot ya shawarci Msiri da a fassara duk wata yarjejeniya, kuma Swan yanzu ya ba da irin wannan shawara. Don haka daga baya masu mishan sun zama batun bacin rai da fushi a madadin BSAC, domin lokacin da aka bayyana ainihin abin da yarjejeniyar ta kunsa ga Msiri, ya fusata, ya sallami Sharpe hannu wofi. Sharpe ya tabbata Msiri ba zai rattaba hannu kan ikon mallakar wani iko ba, kuma ya shawarci Johnston da ya jira har sai ya fita daga hanya. === Balaguron Belgian (Le Marinel da Delcommune), 1891 === A ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1891 Leopold ya aika da balaguro na mutane kusan 350 karkashin jagorancin Paul Le Marinel . Ya sami ɗan gajeren wasiƙa da Msiri ya sa hannu kuma Swan ya shaida (kuma mai yiwuwa shi ne ya rubuta shi), cewa Msiri zai karɓi wakilan CFS a yankinsa. Ba a ambaci yarda da a daga tutar CFS ba ko kuma a amince da ikon Leopold, kuma da alama rashin daidaito an tsara shi ne don kiyaye Leopold a bakin teku, don haka bayan 'yan watanni [[Alexandre Delcommune|Delcommune Expedition]] ya biyo baya don ƙoƙarin cimma waɗannan manufofin, amma kuma Msiri ya ƙi. Da tsammanin cewa BSAC za ta sake gwadawa tare da Thomson, Leopold ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar mataki mai ƙarfi tare da balaguron sa na uku na 1891. === Balaguron Matakala da kashe Msiri === {{Blockquote|In all truth, we don't know where this head went. Is it in Europe, in some Museum, in the house of Leopold II, or with whom? Up to this day, we don't know."<ref name=Fabian/>}} A ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1891 da makamai masu linzami Expedition na CFS ya isa Bunkeya tare da sojoji 400 da 'yan dako, karkashin jagorancin [[Kanada]], Kyaftin WG Stairs, wanda Leopold ya umarta don tayar da tutar CFS kuma ya yi ikirarin Katanga da karfi idan ya cancanta. An fara tattaunawa kuma Msiri ya nuna cewa zai iya amincewa da wata yarjejeniya idan aka kawo masa foda. A cewar Likitan Expedition na Stairs Expedition Joseph Moloney da jami'in na uku Christian de Bonchamps, tare da yin shawarwari a tsaka-tsaki, Msiri ya mayar da martani ga matsananci kuma ga Matakan da ke tashi da tutar CFS ba tare da izininsa ba, ta hanyar tashi da dare zuwa wani kauye mai garu a Munema a gefen Bunkeya. Washegari, 20 ga Disamba, 1891, Stairs ya aika da babban kwamandan sa na biyu, Laftanar Omer Bodson na Belgium tare da de Bonchamps da sojoji 100 don kama Msiri. Duk da damuwar de Bonchamps game da hatsarin, Bodson ya shiga cikin Munema tare da mutane goma sha biyu ya fuskanci Msiri a gaban mayakansa kusan 300. Msiri bai ce komai ba sai a fusace ya fara zare [[Takobi|takobin]] da aka yi masa kyauta daga Stairs. Bodson ya zana bijirewa ya harbe Msiri har sau uku, ya kashe shi. Fada ya barke, kuma daya daga cikin mutanen Msiri ya harbe Bodson har lahira, ya mutu daga baya. Tarihin baka na mutanen Garanganze ya ƙunshi wasu sabani game da lamarin. A cikin wani labari, Msiri ya yi wa Bodson mashi har lahira kuma wasu 'yan tawagar sun harbe shi. === Kaddarar kan Msiri === A cikin wata kasida da aka buga a birnin Paris a shekara ta 1892, de Bonchamps ya bayyana cewa bayan da suka dawo da gawar Msiri zuwa sansaninsu, balaguron ya yanke kansa tare da ɗaga shi a kan sandar sanda a matsayin 'darasi mara kyau' ga Garanganze. Littafin Moloney yayi shiru akan batun. Dan Crawford ya kasance a wani waje na Belgium 40&nbsp;km daga nesa kuma, ya dogara da rahoton Garanganze, ya rubuta cewa bayan ya harbe Msiri, 'Bodson' ya yanke kansa kuma ya yi ihu "Na kashe tiger! Vive le Roi!". Tarihi na baka na Garanganze ya ce gawar da aka mayar musu da Stairs don binne gawar ba ta da kai, kuma balaguron ya kiyaye kan. Wani labari ya ce ta la'anci kuma ta kashe duk wanda ya ɗauke ta <ref name="Fabian">[http://www2.fmg.uva.nl/lpca/aps/tshibumba1a.html Fabian, Johannes (11 November 1998). "The history of Zaire as told and painted by Tshibumba Kanda Matulu in conversation with Johannes Fabian."] ''Archives of Popular Swahili'' '''2''' (2). {{ISSN|1570-0178}}.</ref> kuma daga ƙarshe, wannan ya haɗa da Stairs da kansa, wanda ya mutu sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] bayan watanni shida a hanyar dawowa, kuma an yi zargin cewa yana tare da kan Msiri a cikin gwangwani na kananzir. Tarihin wadanda suka gaji Msiri ya ce an binne kan a karkashin wani tsauni na duwatsu a kasar Zambiya, amma kuma ya ce magajin Msiri ya 'kama ya kashe dukkan Turawa a wannan balaguron'. A cikin 1998 mai zane [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|ɗan Kongo]] Tshibumba Kanda-Matulu ya ce: {{Blockquote|There can be little doubt, judging from various contemporary accounts, that his rule was arbitrary, vindictive, cruel, and despotic. He was a warlord who enslaved his neighbours and whose capital was surrounded by palisades on which hung the skulls of his enemies.<ref name="DACBFA"/>}} === Katanga bayan Msiri === Sojojin balaguron sun kashe da yawa daga cikin mutanen Msiri a ranar a Munema, kuma jama'a sun watse. Da sharadin ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin CFS, Stairs ya nada dan renon Msiri a matsayin shugaba a madadinsa amma na yanki da ya ragu sosai, ya maido da masarautun Wasanga wadanda Msiri ya hambarar da su shekaru 30 da suka gabata. Balaguron Matakan ya bar bayan makonni bakwai lokacin da wani balaguron CFS ( [[Bia Expedition|Batun Bia]] ) ya zo daga arewa. Ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai don kiyaye ingantaccen iko, kuma ya ƙaura zuwa gabashin Katanga. Hagu ba tare da wani sojojin CFS ba don kiyaye zaman lafiya, rikice-rikice da rashin zaman lafiya sun mamaye wuraren da Msiri ya bari na ɗan lokaci yayin da sarakunan suka yi yaƙi da juna, kuma Dan Crawford ya ƙaura zuwa tafkin Mweru kuma ya kafa manufa wanda Garanganze da yawa suka ƙaura don tserewa rikicin. Birtaniya ta yarda da mallakar Katanga na Free State na Kongo (gwamnatin da Leopold ya ba wa Compagnie du Katanga) kuma an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Anglo-Belgian a 1894. Kasuwancin bayi daga kudu maso gabashin Katanga zuwa tafkin Tanganyika ya ragu, ko da yake a Kongo 'Yancin Bautar da aka yi a Kongo kamar yadda jami'an sarki Leopold na biyu suka yi bai ƙare ba sai bayan da kasar Belgian ta kwace kasar a shekara ta 1908. Wasu daga cikin mutanen Garanganze sun koma Bunkeya kuma suka ci gaba da sarautar Garanganze wanda, duk da gudun hijira na cikin gida na wasu shekaru, yana ci gaba da yin amfani da sunan 'Mwami Mwenda' bayan sunan farko na Msiri, yana mulkin jama'a kusan 20,000. == Kimantawa == {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Mummunan hukunci === [[Fayil:Msiris_compound.jpg|thumb| ''Boma'' Msiri a Bunkeya. Abubuwan da ke saman sandunan nan huɗu, waɗanda aka tattara wasu mayaka na Msiri a ƙasa, shugabannin abokan gāba ne. Ƙarin kokon kai suna kan gungumen azaba suna samar da hannun jari. ]] An ce Msiri yana azabtar da makiyansa da sauran miyagu ta hanyar yankan kunne (yanke kunne), binne shi har wuyansa a bar shi da yunwa, ko kuma a rufe shi a cikin bukka don cin abincin karnuka. An aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ta hanyar fille kai, kamar yadda kawukan da aka ɗora akan sanduna suka shaida. Abin ban mamaki balaguron matakala ya yi wa Msiri da kansa (kuma gwamnatin Leopold a cikin Kongo Free State sun rataye kawuna da gawarwakin mazauna kauyuka a kan shinge a matsayin gargadi ga wasu abin da ya faru da wadanda ba su cika adadin roba ba). Babban birnin Msiri na Bunkeya da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye yana da yawan jama'a 60,000-80,000 a 1891. Shekara guda bayan mutuwar Msiri, 10,000-20,000 ne. A wannan yanki na Afirka mutane suna tarwatsewa cikin daji lokacin da aka yi musu barazana. Alal misali, David Livingstone ya ruwaito shekaru ashirin da suka shige cewa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VII Chinkonkole Kafuti]] ya zaluntar mutanensa har da yawa sun yi hijira, kuma da kyar ya iya tara mazaje 1000. A ci gaba da sabanin da Msiri, lokacin da makasan da Msiri da Tippu Tib suka aika suka ci gaba da kai hari kan boma, mutanen Chinkonkole Kafuti ba su gargade shi ba, amma sai suka ba shi mamaki. === Bayanin Arnot na Msiri === Daga cikin rubutattun asusun Msiri na zamani, duk sun kasance ta ko bisa asusun mutane a cikin albashin Leopold ko BSAC, banda Arnot da abokan aikinsa na mishan, mafi kusancin akwai masu lura da tsaka tsaki. Arnot ya kira Msiri a matsayin "mai gaskiya," kuma ya kafa dangantakar aiki tare da shi, tare da wani adadin mutunta juna. Msiri ya bai wa Arnot filin ya gina nasa bukka, ƙaramin asibiti, coci, da makaranta. Lokacin da Arnot ya koma Landan ya ɗauki ƙarin mishan uku don su je Msiri a Bunkeya. Littattafai na Arnot sun ce rayuwa a Bunkeya: {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Rahoton The Stairs Expedition === Gidan yanar gizon maganganun siyasa yana ba da waɗannan azaman kalmomin ƙarshe na Omer Bodson: {{Blockquote|I don't mind dying now that I've killed Msiri. Thank God my death will not be in vain. I've delivered Africa from one of her most detestable tyrants.<br>— Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney.<ref>[http://www.politicalquotes.org/Quotedisplay.aspx?DocID=13222 "Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney, 1892".] ''Eigen's Political & Historical Quotations''. Retrieved 10 February 2007.</ref>}} Moloney, likitan matattakalar balaguron balaguro, ya rubuta asusunsa lokacin da ya koma Landan a 1892. Sakamakon rubuce-rubucen maza irin su Livingstone, ra'ayin jama'a a Biritaniya ya fara yin yunƙurin yin gyare-gyare wanda ya amfanar da 'yan asalin daular Burtaniya. Moloney ya lura cewa Msiri yana da "masu neman gafara" a Landan. Sarki Leopold dole ne ya halasta da'awarsa ta Kwango Free State ta Katanga a ƙarƙashin [[Taron Berlin|ƙa'idar Tasirin Babban Taron Berlin]], don haka ana buƙatar hujja don kashe Msiri. An yi amfani da rahotannin The Stairs Expedition a Turai don jaddada kare kai a matsayin dalilin mutuwarsa, tare da ikirarin cewa shi azzalumi ne mai kishin jini. Maganar Moloney ta Bodson na ban mamaki kalmomi masu mutuwa sun taimaka a wannan fannin. Tambayar ita ce ko ana bayyana Msiri a matsayin azzalumi mai kishin jini tun kafin a kashe shi, a lokacin da mahukuntan masarauta ke neman sa hannun sa kan wata yarjejeniya. == Duba kuma == * William Grant Stairs ** Balaguron Matakala * Mulkin Yeke * Yau mutane * Lardin Katanga * Kasar Congo Free State * Maria de Fonseca * Alfred Sharpe * Omer Bodson * Joseph Moloney * Christian de Bonchamps * Congo Pedicle * [[Taron Berlin|1884-85 Taron Berlin]] * [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe]] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929144902/http://www.kingmsiri.com/fr/kings/king1.htm ''Mwami Msiri, Sarkin Garanganze'' .] Shafin yanar gizo na magadan Msiri a matsayin sarakunan mutanen Garanganze. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m3tkqo8sxwv8km5f4rfghpu7elkgtz3 892879 892878 2026-08-08T10:23:52Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892879 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Msiri_1830_1891.jpg|thumb|283x283px| An kwatanta Msiri a cikin littafi na 1886.]]{{Databox}} '''Msiri''' (c. 1830 - Disamba 20, 1891) ya kafa daular Yeke (wanda ake kira daular Garanganze ko Garenganze) a kudu maso gabashin Katanga (yanzu a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DR Congo]] ) daga kimanin shekarar 1856 zuwa 1891. Wani lokaci ana rubuta sunansa 'M'Siri' a cikin labaran Faransanci. Sauran bambance-bambancen su ne "Mziri", "Msidi", da "Mushidi"; kuma cikakken sunansa '''Mwenda Msiri Ngelengwa Shitambi''' . == Asalin Msiri da hawan mulki == [[Fayil:Msiri's_kingdom_in_1880_760x460_lo-res.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Kudancin Afirka ta Tsakiya a cikin shekarar 1890 yana nuna matsayi na tsakiya na Msiri ta Yeke Kingdom da kuma manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, tare da kimanin yankuna na manyan abokan Msiri (sunaye a cikin rawaya) da kuma yankunan da ke da ikon Turai (sunaye a orange - baya nuna tasirin tasiri ko iyakoki). Sarkin Zanzibar ne ke kula da cinikin gabar tekun gabas . Ba a nuna yankunan tasirin wasu kabilu da na Faransa da Jamus ba.]] === Daga Tabora zuwa Katanga === Msiri ya kuma kasance Nyamwezi daga Tabora a [[Tanzaniya]] ta zamani kuma ɗan kasuwa, kamar mahaifinsa Kalasa, yana da hannu cikin [[Bauta a Zanzibar|cinikin bayi]] na tagulla, hauren giwa da Gabashin Afirka wanda Sarkin Zanzibar da wakilansa [[Larabawa|na Larabawa]] da [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] ke sarrafawa. Babban hanyar kasuwanci ta tafi Ujiji a [[tafkin Tanganyika]] sannan zuwa tafkin Mweru da Katanga. <ref>Moloney, Joseph Augustus (1893). ''With Captain Stairs to Katanga'', pp. 172−3, London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company ({{ISBN|0-9553936-5-5}}).</ref> === Ikon soja === Msiri ya gane samun bindigogi shine mabuɗin wutar lantarki, kuma a Katanga, yana da albarkatun tagulla da hauren giwa da zai yi ciniki da su. Ya kafa rundunar soji ya fara cin maƙwabtansa. Ya kuma yi aure a gidan sarautar Luba, inda ya fara amfani da mata a matsayin ƴan leƙen asiri. Ya kuma dogara ne da cinikin bindigu na gabas da bindigu da foda, wanda ya ratsa cikin yankin abokan hamayyarsa, yana sanya kayayyaki masu tsada da rashin dogaro. A maimakon haka sai ya juya zuwa gaɓar yamma, ya aika da ɗan'uwansa Molenga zuwa ga Ovimbundu da [[Portugal|Portuguese]] 'yan kasuwa a kusa da [[Benguela]] a [[Angola]], kuma wani dan kasuwa a can mai suna Coimbra ya zama mai kawo masa kaya. [[Mutanen Luba]] da ke arewa-maso-yamma sun mallaki kasuwancin gabar tekun yamma, amma Msiri ya karbe shi ya dakatar da fadada su zuwa kudu. A yanzu Msiri yana da iko da tasiri wajen kulla kawance kamar yadda ya zama daidai da shugabannin yaki irin su [[Tippu Tip]], wanda ke iko da gabashin Kongo daga tafkin Tanganyika har ya zuwa yanzu Uganda a arewa maso gabas, da kuma shugaban Nyamwezi Mirambo wanda ke kula da hanyar kasa tsakanin tafkin Tanganyika da bakin teku, kuma ya nemi yin koyi da su. Msiri ya cimma abin da wasu kabilu da Portuguese suka yi ƙoƙari ba tare da samun nasara mai yawa ba, wanda shine kasuwanci a fadin nahiyar, tare da iyakokin biyu. A lokacin ziyarar David Livingstone zuwa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VIII]] a cikin shekarar 1867, Msiri ya mallaki mafi yawan yankunan Mwata da kasuwanci a yammacin gabar kogin Luapula . <ref name="Gordon" /> Tippu Tip ya so ɗaukar fansa kan Kazembe saboda kashe shida daga cikin mutanensa, kuma ya kulla kawance da Msiri don kai hari kuma ya kashe Mwata Kazembe a 1870, kuma Msiri daga baya ya yi tasiri wajen nada magajinsa. An ƙarfafa ikon Msiri na kudu maso gabashin Katanga da albarkatun tagulla. === Dabarar Msiri === [[Fayil:Maria_de_Fonseca.jpg|thumb| Matar da Msiri ya fi so, Baturen-Angolan Maria de Fonseca, wacce ta mutu da mugunyar mutuwa a hannun ɗan da Msiri ya ɗauka kuma magajinsa.]] A cikin yanki da shekarun da 'yan kasuwa masu ɗauke da makamai suka mamaye, Msiri ya yi nasara sosai. Gudanar da hanyoyin kasuwancin da ke tsakanin Tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantika]] da [[Tekun Indiya|Indiya]] ya ɗauki rashin tausayi da makamai (kuma a kan maƙwabtansa, Msiri yana da abin da za a kira a yammacin ' fasahar soja mafi girma'). Amma kuma ya dauki ido mai ma'ana, kuma yaudara da lallashi da ake bukata don kulla kawance da daruruwan sauran ƙabilu, masu mulki da 'yan kasuwa. Ya yi haka ne ta hannun matansa wadanda adadinsu ya haura 500. Ya ɗauki mata daga ƙauyen kowane basarake, wanda ya sa sarkin ya ɗauka cewa wannan ya ba shi lauya a kotun Msiri, amma matar ta yi amfani da ita don leken asiri ga sarki kuma don samun bayanai game da mu'amalarsa da amincinsa. Ana iya amfani da matar a matsayin garkuwa idan duk wani tawaye daga wannan sarkin. Msiri ya kuma kulla kawance da wasu manyan abokan ciniki ta hanyar aure. An ce matar da ya fi so ita ce Maria de Fonseca, 'yar'uwar abokin ciniki na Portuguese-Angolan Coimbra. Msiri ya auri daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa mata ga [[Tippu Tip]] . A cikin shekarar 1884, yana son samun shawarwari kan yadda za a tunkari turawan mulkin mallaka [[Turai|na gabatowa]], ya gayyaci wani ɗan mishan [[Scotland|dan Scotland]], Frederick Stanley Arnot, wanda ya ji yana Angola, ya zo babban birninsa a Bunkeya, 180.&nbsp;km yamma da kogin Luapula . A cikin shekarar 1886 Arnot ya isa kuma shine farar fata na farko da ya zauna a Katanga. Bayan shekaru uku ya koma [[Birtaniya|Biritaniya]] don ɗaukar ƙarin masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje, gami da Charles Swan da Dan Crawford . Saboda haka, masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje na farko a Katanga ba su tsai da shawarar zuwa can da nasu yunƙurin ba. Dabarar Msiri ta yi aiki: shawarwarin mishan sun hana shi shiga ta balaguron farko na Burtaniya da Belgium (duba ƙasa). Hakanan yana iya yiwuwa Msiri yana da ra'ayin yin garkuwa da 'yan mishan a duk wani yaki da Turawa, kamar yadda ya yi garkuwa da matan kabilu. == Rikicin Katanga da kashe Msiri == === Balaguron Biritaniya (Sharpe da Thomson), 1890 === [[Cecil Rhodes]] ' Kamfani na Afirka ta Kudu na Burtaniya (BSAC) da [[Beljik|Belgian]] King Leopold II 's Kongo Free State (CFS) duk sun so rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin da Msiri don cika burinsu na mulkin mallaka kuma sun yi takara don yin hakan. Wasu daga cikin sarakunan da ke karkashin Msiri da masu fafatawa a kasuwanci sun yi amfani da damar zuwan sabbin iko a yankin don fara tawaye ga ikonsa. A cikin Nuwamba 1890 Alfred Sharpe ya isa Bunkeya daga Nyasaland a madadin BSAC da Kwamishinan Biritaniya a Afirka ta Tsakiya/ Nyasaland, Sir Harry Johnston, tare da rangwamen haƙƙin ma'adinai da yarjejeniyar kariyar Birtaniyya don sanya hannu. BSAC ne ta aiko mai binciken Joseph Thomson don saduwa da ƙarfafa aikin Sharpe a Bunkeya, amma cutar [[Agana|sankarau]] ta toshe hanyarta kuma ta kasa ci gaba. Har yanzu Arnot yana Biritaniya amma Charles Swan da Dan Crawford sun halarta. Msiri da jami'ansa ba su iya karanta Turanci ba kuma Sharpe ya kwatanta yarjejeniyar da kyau, amma Arnot ya shawarci Msiri da a fassara duk wata yarjejeniya, kuma Swan yanzu ya ba da irin wannan shawara. Don haka daga baya masu mishan sun zama batun bacin rai da fushi a madadin BSAC, domin lokacin da aka bayyana ainihin abin da yarjejeniyar ta kunsa ga Msiri, ya fusata, ya sallami Sharpe hannu wofi. Sharpe ya tabbata Msiri ba zai rattaba hannu kan ikon mallakar wani iko ba, kuma ya shawarci Johnston da ya jira har sai ya fita daga hanya. === Balaguron Belgian (Le Marinel da Delcommune), 1891 === A ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1891 Leopold ya aika da balaguro na mutane kusan 350 karkashin jagorancin Paul Le Marinel . Ya sami ɗan gajeren wasiƙa da Msiri ya sa hannu kuma Swan ya shaida (kuma mai yiwuwa shi ne ya rubuta shi), cewa Msiri zai karɓi wakilan CFS a yankinsa. Ba a ambaci yarda da a daga tutar CFS ba ko kuma a amince da ikon Leopold, kuma da alama rashin daidaito an tsara shi ne don kiyaye Leopold a bakin teku, don haka bayan 'yan watanni [[Alexandre Delcommune|Delcommune Expedition]] ya biyo baya don ƙoƙarin cimma waɗannan manufofin, amma kuma Msiri ya ƙi. Da tsammanin cewa BSAC za ta sake gwadawa tare da Thomson, Leopold ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar mataki mai ƙarfi tare da balaguron sa na uku na 1891. === Balaguron Matakala da kashe Msiri === {{Blockquote|In all truth, we don't know where this head went. Is it in Europe, in some Museum, in the house of Leopold II, or with whom? Up to this day, we don't know."<ref name=Fabian/>}} A ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1891 da makamai masu linzami Expedition na CFS ya isa Bunkeya tare da sojoji 400 da 'yan dako, karkashin jagorancin [[Kanada]], Kyaftin WG Stairs, wanda Leopold ya umarta don tayar da tutar CFS kuma ya yi ikirarin Katanga da karfi idan ya cancanta. An fara tattaunawa kuma Msiri ya nuna cewa zai iya amincewa da wata yarjejeniya idan aka kawo masa foda. A cewar Likitan Expedition na Stairs Expedition Joseph Moloney da jami'in na uku Christian de Bonchamps, tare da yin shawarwari a tsaka-tsaki, Msiri ya mayar da martani ga matsananci kuma ga Matakan da ke tashi da tutar CFS ba tare da izininsa ba, ta hanyar tashi da dare zuwa wani kauye mai garu a Munema a gefen Bunkeya. Washegari, 20 ga Disamba, 1891, Stairs ya aika da babban kwamandan sa na biyu, Laftanar Omer Bodson na Belgium tare da de Bonchamps da sojoji 100 don kama Msiri. Duk da damuwar de Bonchamps game da hatsarin, Bodson ya shiga cikin Munema tare da mutane goma sha biyu ya fuskanci Msiri a gaban mayakansa kusan 300. Msiri bai ce komai ba sai a fusace ya fara zare [[Takobi|takobin]] da aka yi masa kyauta daga Stairs. Bodson ya zana bijirewa ya harbe Msiri har sau uku, ya kashe shi. Fada ya barke, kuma daya daga cikin mutanen Msiri ya harbe Bodson har lahira, ya mutu daga baya. Tarihin baka na mutanen Garanganze ya ƙunshi wasu sabani game da lamarin. A cikin wani labari, Msiri ya yi wa Bodson mashi har lahira kuma wasu 'yan tawagar sun harbe shi. === Kaddarar kan Msiri === A cikin wata kasida da aka buga a birnin Paris a shekara ta 1892, de Bonchamps ya bayyana cewa bayan da suka dawo da gawar Msiri zuwa sansaninsu, balaguron ya yanke kansa tare da ɗaga shi a kan sandar sanda a matsayin 'darasi mara kyau' ga Garanganze. Littafin Moloney yayi shiru akan batun. Dan Crawford ya kasance a wani waje na Belgium 40&nbsp;km daga nesa kuma, ya dogara da rahoton Garanganze, ya rubuta cewa bayan ya harbe Msiri, 'Bodson' ya yanke kansa kuma ya yi ihu "Na kashe tiger! Vive le Roi!". Tarihi na baka na Garanganze ya ce gawar da aka mayar musu da Stairs don binne gawar ba ta da kai, kuma balaguron ya kiyaye kan. Wani labari ya ce ta la'anci kuma ta kashe duk wanda ya ɗauke ta <ref name="Fabian">[http://www2.fmg.uva.nl/lpca/aps/tshibumba1a.html Fabian, Johannes (11 November 1998). "The history of Zaire as told and painted by Tshibumba Kanda Matulu in conversation with Johannes Fabian."] ''Archives of Popular Swahili'' '''2''' (2). {{ISSN|1570-0178}}.</ref> kuma daga ƙarshe, wannan ya haɗa da Stairs da kansa, wanda ya mutu sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] bayan watanni shida a hanyar dawowa, kuma an yi zargin cewa yana tare da kan Msiri a cikin gwangwani na kananzir. Tarihin wadanda suka gaji Msiri ya ce an binne kan a karkashin wani tsauni na duwatsu a kasar Zambiya, amma kuma ya ce magajin Msiri ya 'kama ya kashe dukkan Turawa a wannan balaguron'. A cikin 1998 mai zane [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|ɗan Kongo]] Tshibumba Kanda-Matulu ya ce: {{Blockquote|There can be little doubt, judging from various contemporary accounts, that his rule was arbitrary, vindictive, cruel, and despotic. He was a warlord who enslaved his neighbours and whose capital was surrounded by palisades on which hung the skulls of his enemies.<ref name="DACBFA"/>}} === Katanga bayan Msiri === Sojojin balaguron sun kashe da yawa daga cikin mutanen Msiri a ranar a Munema, kuma jama'a sun watse. Da sharadin ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin CFS, Stairs ya nada dan renon Msiri a matsayin shugaba a madadinsa amma na yanki da ya ragu sosai, ya maido da masarautun Wasanga wadanda Msiri ya hambarar da su shekaru 30 da suka gabata. Balaguron Matakan ya bar bayan makonni bakwai lokacin da wani balaguron CFS ( [[Bia Expedition|Batun Bia]] ) ya zo daga arewa. Ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai don kiyaye ingantaccen iko, kuma ya ƙaura zuwa gabashin Katanga. Hagu ba tare da wani sojojin CFS ba don kiyaye zaman lafiya, rikice-rikice da rashin zaman lafiya sun mamaye wuraren da Msiri ya bari na ɗan lokaci yayin da sarakunan suka yi yaƙi da juna, kuma Dan Crawford ya ƙaura zuwa tafkin Mweru kuma ya kafa manufa wanda Garanganze da yawa suka ƙaura don tserewa rikicin. Birtaniya ta yarda da mallakar Katanga na Free State na Kongo (gwamnatin da Leopold ya ba wa Compagnie du Katanga) kuma an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Anglo-Belgian a 1894. Kasuwancin bayi daga kudu maso gabashin Katanga zuwa tafkin Tanganyika ya ragu, ko da yake a Kongo 'Yancin Bautar da aka yi a Kongo kamar yadda jami'an sarki Leopold na biyu suka yi bai ƙare ba sai bayan da kasar Belgian ta kwace kasar a shekara ta 1908. Wasu daga cikin mutanen Garanganze sun koma Bunkeya kuma suka ci gaba da sarautar Garanganze wanda, duk da gudun hijira na cikin gida na wasu shekaru, yana ci gaba da yin amfani da sunan 'Mwami Mwenda' bayan sunan farko na Msiri, yana mulkin jama'a kusan 20,000. == Kimantawa == {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Mummunan hukunci === [[Fayil:Msiris_compound.jpg|thumb| ''Boma'' Msiri a Bunkeya. Abubuwan da ke saman sandunan nan huɗu, waɗanda aka tattara wasu mayaka na Msiri a ƙasa, shugabannin abokan gāba ne. Ƙarin kokon kai suna kan gungumen azaba suna samar da hannun jari. ]] An ce Msiri yana azabtar da makiyansa da sauran miyagu ta hanyar yankan kunne (yanke kunne), binne shi har wuyansa a bar shi da yunwa, ko kuma a rufe shi a cikin bukka don cin abincin karnuka. An aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ta hanyar fille kai, kamar yadda kawukan da aka ɗora akan sanduna suka shaida. Abin ban mamaki balaguron matakala ya yi wa Msiri da kansa (kuma gwamnatin Leopold a cikin Kongo Free State sun rataye kawuna da gawarwakin mazauna kauyuka a kan shinge a matsayin gargadi ga wasu abin da ya faru da wadanda ba su cika adadin roba ba). Babban birnin Msiri na Bunkeya da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye yana da yawan jama'a 60,000-80,000 a 1891. Shekara guda bayan mutuwar Msiri, 10,000-20,000 ne. A wannan yanki na Afirka mutane suna tarwatsewa cikin daji lokacin da aka yi musu barazana. Alal misali, David Livingstone ya ruwaito shekaru ashirin da suka shige cewa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VII Chinkonkole Kafuti]] ya zaluntar mutanensa har da yawa sun yi hijira, kuma da kyar ya iya tara mazaje 1000. A ci gaba da sabanin da Msiri, lokacin da makasan da Msiri da Tippu Tib suka aika suka ci gaba da kai hari kan boma, mutanen Chinkonkole Kafuti ba su gargade shi ba, amma sai suka ba shi mamaki. === Bayanin Arnot na Msiri === Daga cikin rubutattun asusun Msiri na zamani, duk sun kasance ta ko bisa asusun mutane a cikin albashin Leopold ko BSAC, banda Arnot da abokan aikinsa na mishan, mafi kusancin akwai masu lura da tsaka tsaki. Arnot ya kira Msiri a matsayin "mai gaskiya," kuma ya kafa dangantakar aiki tare da shi, tare da wani adadin mutunta juna. Msiri ya bai wa Arnot filin ya gina nasa bukka, ƙaramin asibiti, coci, da makaranta. Lokacin da Arnot ya koma Landan ya ɗauki ƙarin mishan uku don su je Msiri a Bunkeya. Littattafai na Arnot sun ce rayuwa a Bunkeya: {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Rahoton The Stairs Expedition === Gidan yanar gizon maganganun siyasa yana ba da waɗannan azaman kalmomin ƙarshe na Omer Bodson: {{Blockquote|I don't mind dying now that I've killed Msiri. Thank God my death will not be in vain. I've delivered Africa from one of her most detestable tyrants.<br>— Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney.<ref>[http://www.politicalquotes.org/Quotedisplay.aspx?DocID=13222 "Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney, 1892".] ''Eigen's Political & Historical Quotations''. Retrieved 10 February 2007.</ref>}} Moloney, likitan matattakalar balaguron balaguro, ya rubuta asusunsa lokacin da ya koma Landan a 1892. Sakamakon rubuce-rubucen maza irin su Livingstone, ra'ayin jama'a a Biritaniya ya fara yin yunƙurin yin gyare-gyare wanda ya amfanar da 'yan asalin daular Burtaniya. Moloney ya lura cewa Msiri yana da "masu neman gafara" a Landan. Sarki Leopold dole ne ya halasta da'awarsa ta Kwango Free State ta Katanga a ƙarƙashin [[Taron Berlin|ƙa'idar Tasirin Babban Taron Berlin]], don haka ana buƙatar hujja don kashe Msiri. An yi amfani da rahotannin The Stairs Expedition a Turai don jaddada kare kai a matsayin dalilin mutuwarsa, tare da ikirarin cewa shi azzalumi ne mai kishin jini. Maganar Moloney ta Bodson na ban mamaki kalmomi masu mutuwa sun taimaka a wannan fannin. Tambayar ita ce ko ana bayyana Msiri a matsayin azzalumi mai kishin jini tun kafin a kashe shi, a lokacin da mahukuntan masarauta ke neman sa hannun sa kan wata yarjejeniya. == Duba kuma == * William Grant Stairs ** Balaguron Matakala * Mulkin Yeke * Yau mutane * Lardin Katanga * Kasar Congo Free State * Maria de Fonseca * Alfred Sharpe * Omer Bodson * Joseph Moloney * Christian de Bonchamps * Congo Pedicle * [[Taron Berlin|1884-85 Taron Berlin]] * [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe]] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929144902/http://www.kingmsiri.com/fr/kings/king1.htm ''Mwami Msiri, Sarkin Garanganze'' .] Shafin yanar gizo na magadan Msiri a matsayin sarakunan mutanen Garanganze. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hw9pfh1yfoyqe5kw3p7rt0gd1tj9ymr 892880 892879 2026-08-08T10:24:09Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892880 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Msiri_1830_1891.jpg|thumb|283x283px| An kwatanta Msiri a cikin littafi na 1886.]]{{Databox}} '''Msiri''' (c. 1830 - Disamba 20, 1891) ya kafa daular Yeke (wanda ake kira daular Garanganze ko Garenganze) a kudu maso gabashin Katanga (yanzu a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DR Congo]] ) daga kimanin shekarar 1856 zuwa 1891. Wani lokaci ana rubuta sunansa 'M'Siri' a cikin labaran Faransanci. Sauran bambance-bambancen su ne "Mziri", "Msidi", da "Mushidi"; kuma cikakken sunansa '''Mwenda Msiri Ngelengwa Shitambi''' . == Asalin Msiri da hawan mulki == [[Fayil:Msiri's_kingdom_in_1880_760x460_lo-res.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Kudancin Afirka ta Tsakiya a cikin shekarar 1890 yana nuna matsayi na tsakiya na Msiri ta Yeke Kingdom da kuma manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, tare da kimanin yankuna na manyan abokan Msiri (sunaye a cikin rawaya) da kuma yankunan da ke da ikon Turai (sunaye a orange - baya nuna tasirin tasiri ko iyakoki). Sarkin Zanzibar ne ke kula da cinikin gabar tekun gabas . Ba a nuna yankunan tasirin wasu kabilu da na Faransa da Jamus ba.]] === Daga Tabora zuwa Katanga === Msiri ya kuma kasance Nyamwezi daga Tabora a [[Tanzaniya]] ta zamani kuma ɗan kasuwa, kamar mahaifinsa Kalasa, yana da hannu cikin [[Bauta a Zanzibar|cinikin bayi]] na tagulla, hauren giwa da Gabashin Afirka wanda Sarkin Zanzibar da wakilansa [[Larabawa|na Larabawa]] da [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] ke sarrafawa. Babban hanyar kasuwanci ta tafi Ujiji a [[tafkin Tanganyika]] sannan zuwa tafkin Mweru da Katanga. <ref>Moloney, Joseph Augustus (1893). ''With Captain Stairs to Katanga'', pp. 172−3, London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company ({{ISBN|0-9553936-5-5}}).</ref> === Ikon soja === Msiri ya gane samun bindigogi shine mabuɗin wutar lantarki, kuma a Katanga, yana da albarkatun tagulla da hauren giwa da zai yi ciniki da su. Ya kafa rundunar soji ya fara cin maƙwabtansa. Ya kuma yi aure a gidan sarautar Luba, inda ya fara amfani da mata a matsayin ƴan leƙen asiri. Ya kuma dogara ne da cinikin bindigu na gabas da bindigu da foda, wanda ya ratsa cikin yankin abokan hamayyarsa, yana sanya kayayyaki masu tsada da rashin dogaro. A maimakon haka sai ya juya zuwa gaɓar yamma, ya aika da ɗan'uwansa Molenga zuwa ga Ovimbundu da [[Portugal|Portuguese]] 'yan kasuwa a kusa da [[Benguela]] a [[Angola]], kuma wani dan kasuwa a can mai suna Coimbra ya zama mai kawo masa kaya. [[Mutanen Luba]] da ke arewa-maso-yamma sun mallaki kasuwancin gabar tekun yamma, amma Msiri ya karbe shi ya dakatar da fadada su zuwa kudu. A yanzu Msiri yana da iko da tasiri wajen kulla kawance kamar yadda ya zama daidai da shugabannin yaki irin su [[Tippu Tip]], wanda ke iko da gabashin Kongo daga tafkin Tanganyika har ya zuwa yanzu Uganda a arewa maso gabas, da kuma shugaban Nyamwezi Mirambo wanda ke kula da hanyar kasa tsakanin tafkin Tanganyika da bakin teku, kuma ya nemi yin koyi da su. Msiri ya cimma abin da wasu kabilu da Portuguese suka yi ƙoƙari ba tare da samun nasara mai yawa ba, wanda shine kasuwanci a fadin nahiyar, tare da iyakokin biyu. A lokacin ziyarar David Livingstone zuwa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VIII]] a cikin shekarar 1867, Msiri ya mallaki mafi yawan yankunan Mwata da kasuwanci a yammacin gabar kogin Luapula . <ref name="Gordon" /> Tippu Tip ya so ɗaukar fansa kan Kazembe saboda kashe shida daga cikin mutanensa, kuma ya kulla kawance da Msiri don kai hari kuma ya kashe Mwata Kazembe a 1870, kuma Msiri daga baya ya yi tasiri wajen nada magajinsa. An ƙarfafa ikon Msiri na kudu maso gabashin Katanga da albarkatun tagulla. === Dabarar Msiri === [[Fayil:Maria_de_Fonseca.jpg|thumb| Matar da Msiri ya fi so, Baturen-Angolan Maria de Fonseca, wacce ta mutu da mugunyar mutuwa a hannun ɗan da Msiri ya ɗauka kuma magajinsa.]] A cikin yanki da shekarun da 'yan kasuwa masu ɗauke da makamai suka mamaye, Msiri ya yi nasara sosai. Gudanar da hanyoyin kasuwancin da ke tsakanin Tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantika]] da [[Tekun Indiya|Indiya]] ya ɗauki rashin tausayi da makamai (kuma a kan maƙwabtansa, Msiri yana da abin da za a kira a yammacin ' fasahar soja mafi girma'). Amma kuma ya dauki ido mai ma'ana, kuma yaudara da lallashi da ake bukata don kulla kawance da daruruwan sauran ƙabilu, masu mulki da 'yan kasuwa. Ya yi haka ne ta hannun matansa wadanda adadinsu ya haura 500. Ya ɗauki mata daga ƙauyen kowane basarake, wanda ya sa sarkin ya ɗauka cewa wannan ya ba shi lauya a kotun Msiri, amma matar ta yi amfani da ita don leken asiri ga sarki kuma don samun bayanai game da mu'amalarsa da amincinsa. Ana iya amfani da matar a matsayin garkuwa idan duk wani tawaye daga wannan sarkin. Msiri ya kuma kulla kawance da wasu manyan abokan ciniki ta hanyar aure. An ce matar da ya fi so ita ce Maria de Fonseca, 'yar'uwar abokin ciniki na Portuguese-Angolan Coimbra. Msiri ya auri daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa mata ga [[Tippu Tip]] . A cikin shekarar 1884, yana son samun shawarwari kan yadda za a tunkari turawan mulkin mallaka [[Turai|na gabatowa]], ya gayyaci wani ɗan mishan [[Scotland|dan Scotland]], Frederick Stanley Arnot, wanda ya ji yana Angola, ya zo babban birninsa a Bunkeya, 180.&nbsp;km yamma da kogin Luapula . A cikin shekarar 1886 Arnot ya isa kuma shine farar fata na farko da ya zauna a Katanga. Bayan shekaru uku ya koma [[Birtaniya|Biritaniya]] don ɗaukar ƙarin masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje, gami da Charles Swan da Dan Crawford . Saboda haka, masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje na farko a Katanga ba su tsai da shawarar zuwa can da nasu yunƙurin ba. Dabarar Msiri ta yi aiki: shawarwarin mishan sun hana shi shiga ta balaguron farko na Burtaniya da Belgium (duba ƙasa). Hakanan yana iya yiwuwa Msiri yana da ra'ayin yin garkuwa da 'yan mishan a duk wani yaki da Turawa, kamar yadda ya yi garkuwa da matan kabilu. == Rikicin Katanga da kashe Msiri == === Balaguron Biritaniya (Sharpe da Thomson), 1890 === [[Cecil Rhodes]] ' Kamfani na Afirka ta Kudu na Burtaniya (BSAC) da [[Beljik|Belgian]] King Leopold II 's Kongo Free State (CFS) duk sun so rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin da Msiri don cika burinsu na mulkin mallaka kuma sun yi takara don yin hakan. Wasu daga cikin sarakunan da ke karkashin Msiri da masu fafatawa a kasuwanci sun yi amfani da damar zuwan sabbin iko a yankin don fara tawaye ga ikonsa. A cikin Nuwamba 1890 Alfred Sharpe ya isa Bunkeya daga Nyasaland a madadin BSAC da Kwamishinan Biritaniya a Afirka ta Tsakiya/ Nyasaland, Sir Harry Johnston, tare da rangwamen haƙƙin ma'adinai da yarjejeniyar kariyar Birtaniyya don sanya hannu. BSAC ne ta aiko mai binciken Joseph Thomson don saduwa da ƙarfafa aikin Sharpe a Bunkeya, amma cutar [[Agana|sankarau]] ta toshe hanyarta kuma ta kasa ci gaba. Har yanzu kuma Arnot yana Biritaniya amma Charles Swan da Dan Crawford sun halarta. Msiri da jami'ansa ba su iya karanta Turanci ba kuma Sharpe ya kwatanta yarjejeniyar da kyau, amma Arnot ya shawarci Msiri da a fassara duk wata yarjejeniya, kuma Swan yanzu ya ba da irin wannan shawara. Don haka daga baya masu mishan sun zama batun bacin rai da fushi a madadin BSAC, domin lokacin da aka bayyana ainihin abin da yarjejeniyar ta kunsa ga Msiri, ya fusata, ya sallami Sharpe hannu wofi. Sharpe ya tabbata Msiri ba zai rattaba hannu kan ikon mallakar wani iko ba, kuma ya shawarci Johnston da ya jira har sai ya fita daga hanya. === Balaguron Belgian (Le Marinel da Delcommune), 1891 === A ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1891 Leopold ya aika da balaguro na mutane kusan 350 karkashin jagorancin Paul Le Marinel . Ya sami ɗan gajeren wasiƙa da Msiri ya sa hannu kuma Swan ya shaida (kuma mai yiwuwa shi ne ya rubuta shi), cewa Msiri zai karɓi wakilan CFS a yankinsa. Ba a ambaci yarda da a daga tutar CFS ba ko kuma a amince da ikon Leopold, kuma da alama rashin daidaito an tsara shi ne don kiyaye Leopold a bakin teku, don haka bayan 'yan watanni [[Alexandre Delcommune|Delcommune Expedition]] ya biyo baya don ƙoƙarin cimma waɗannan manufofin, amma kuma Msiri ya ƙi. Da tsammanin cewa BSAC za ta sake gwadawa tare da Thomson, Leopold ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar mataki mai ƙarfi tare da balaguron sa na uku na 1891. === Balaguron Matakala da kashe Msiri === {{Blockquote|In all truth, we don't know where this head went. Is it in Europe, in some Museum, in the house of Leopold II, or with whom? Up to this day, we don't know."<ref name=Fabian/>}} A ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1891 da makamai masu linzami Expedition na CFS ya isa Bunkeya tare da sojoji 400 da 'yan dako, karkashin jagorancin [[Kanada]], Kyaftin WG Stairs, wanda Leopold ya umarta don tayar da tutar CFS kuma ya yi ikirarin Katanga da karfi idan ya cancanta. An fara tattaunawa kuma Msiri ya nuna cewa zai iya amincewa da wata yarjejeniya idan aka kawo masa foda. A cewar Likitan Expedition na Stairs Expedition Joseph Moloney da jami'in na uku Christian de Bonchamps, tare da yin shawarwari a tsaka-tsaki, Msiri ya mayar da martani ga matsananci kuma ga Matakan da ke tashi da tutar CFS ba tare da izininsa ba, ta hanyar tashi da dare zuwa wani kauye mai garu a Munema a gefen Bunkeya. Washegari, 20 ga Disamba, 1891, Stairs ya aika da babban kwamandan sa na biyu, Laftanar Omer Bodson na Belgium tare da de Bonchamps da sojoji 100 don kama Msiri. Duk da damuwar de Bonchamps game da hatsarin, Bodson ya shiga cikin Munema tare da mutane goma sha biyu ya fuskanci Msiri a gaban mayakansa kusan 300. Msiri bai ce komai ba sai a fusace ya fara zare [[Takobi|takobin]] da aka yi masa kyauta daga Stairs. Bodson ya zana bijirewa ya harbe Msiri har sau uku, ya kashe shi. Fada ya barke, kuma daya daga cikin mutanen Msiri ya harbe Bodson har lahira, ya mutu daga baya. Tarihin baka na mutanen Garanganze ya ƙunshi wasu sabani game da lamarin. A cikin wani labari, Msiri ya yi wa Bodson mashi har lahira kuma wasu 'yan tawagar sun harbe shi. === Kaddarar kan Msiri === A cikin wata kasida da aka buga a birnin Paris a shekara ta 1892, de Bonchamps ya bayyana cewa bayan da suka dawo da gawar Msiri zuwa sansaninsu, balaguron ya yanke kansa tare da ɗaga shi a kan sandar sanda a matsayin 'darasi mara kyau' ga Garanganze. Littafin Moloney yayi shiru akan batun. Dan Crawford ya kasance a wani waje na Belgium 40&nbsp;km daga nesa kuma, ya dogara da rahoton Garanganze, ya rubuta cewa bayan ya harbe Msiri, 'Bodson' ya yanke kansa kuma ya yi ihu "Na kashe tiger! Vive le Roi!". Tarihi na baka na Garanganze ya ce gawar da aka mayar musu da Stairs don binne gawar ba ta da kai, kuma balaguron ya kiyaye kan. Wani labari ya ce ta la'anci kuma ta kashe duk wanda ya ɗauke ta <ref name="Fabian">[http://www2.fmg.uva.nl/lpca/aps/tshibumba1a.html Fabian, Johannes (11 November 1998). "The history of Zaire as told and painted by Tshibumba Kanda Matulu in conversation with Johannes Fabian."] ''Archives of Popular Swahili'' '''2''' (2). {{ISSN|1570-0178}}.</ref> kuma daga ƙarshe, wannan ya haɗa da Stairs da kansa, wanda ya mutu sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] bayan watanni shida a hanyar dawowa, kuma an yi zargin cewa yana tare da kan Msiri a cikin gwangwani na kananzir. Tarihin wadanda suka gaji Msiri ya ce an binne kan a karkashin wani tsauni na duwatsu a kasar Zambiya, amma kuma ya ce magajin Msiri ya 'kama ya kashe dukkan Turawa a wannan balaguron'. A cikin 1998 mai zane [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|ɗan Kongo]] Tshibumba Kanda-Matulu ya ce: {{Blockquote|There can be little doubt, judging from various contemporary accounts, that his rule was arbitrary, vindictive, cruel, and despotic. He was a warlord who enslaved his neighbours and whose capital was surrounded by palisades on which hung the skulls of his enemies.<ref name="DACBFA"/>}} === Katanga bayan Msiri === Sojojin balaguron sun kashe da yawa daga cikin mutanen Msiri a ranar a Munema, kuma jama'a sun watse. Da sharadin ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin CFS, Stairs ya nada dan renon Msiri a matsayin shugaba a madadinsa amma na yanki da ya ragu sosai, ya maido da masarautun Wasanga wadanda Msiri ya hambarar da su shekaru 30 da suka gabata. Balaguron Matakan ya bar bayan makonni bakwai lokacin da wani balaguron CFS ( [[Bia Expedition|Batun Bia]] ) ya zo daga arewa. Ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai don kiyaye ingantaccen iko, kuma ya ƙaura zuwa gabashin Katanga. Hagu ba tare da wani sojojin CFS ba don kiyaye zaman lafiya, rikice-rikice da rashin zaman lafiya sun mamaye wuraren da Msiri ya bari na ɗan lokaci yayin da sarakunan suka yi yaƙi da juna, kuma Dan Crawford ya ƙaura zuwa tafkin Mweru kuma ya kafa manufa wanda Garanganze da yawa suka ƙaura don tserewa rikicin. Birtaniya ta yarda da mallakar Katanga na Free State na Kongo (gwamnatin da Leopold ya ba wa Compagnie du Katanga) kuma an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Anglo-Belgian a 1894. Kasuwancin bayi daga kudu maso gabashin Katanga zuwa tafkin Tanganyika ya ragu, ko da yake a Kongo 'Yancin Bautar da aka yi a Kongo kamar yadda jami'an sarki Leopold na biyu suka yi bai ƙare ba sai bayan da kasar Belgian ta kwace kasar a shekara ta 1908. Wasu daga cikin mutanen Garanganze sun koma Bunkeya kuma suka ci gaba da sarautar Garanganze wanda, duk da gudun hijira na cikin gida na wasu shekaru, yana ci gaba da yin amfani da sunan 'Mwami Mwenda' bayan sunan farko na Msiri, yana mulkin jama'a kusan 20,000. == Kimantawa == {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Mummunan hukunci === [[Fayil:Msiris_compound.jpg|thumb| ''Boma'' Msiri a Bunkeya. Abubuwan da ke saman sandunan nan huɗu, waɗanda aka tattara wasu mayaka na Msiri a ƙasa, shugabannin abokan gāba ne. Ƙarin kokon kai suna kan gungumen azaba suna samar da hannun jari. ]] An ce Msiri yana azabtar da makiyansa da sauran miyagu ta hanyar yankan kunne (yanke kunne), binne shi har wuyansa a bar shi da yunwa, ko kuma a rufe shi a cikin bukka don cin abincin karnuka. An aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ta hanyar fille kai, kamar yadda kawukan da aka ɗora akan sanduna suka shaida. Abin ban mamaki balaguron matakala ya yi wa Msiri da kansa (kuma gwamnatin Leopold a cikin Kongo Free State sun rataye kawuna da gawarwakin mazauna kauyuka a kan shinge a matsayin gargadi ga wasu abin da ya faru da wadanda ba su cika adadin roba ba). Babban birnin Msiri na Bunkeya da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye yana da yawan jama'a 60,000-80,000 a 1891. Shekara guda bayan mutuwar Msiri, 10,000-20,000 ne. A wannan yanki na Afirka mutane suna tarwatsewa cikin daji lokacin da aka yi musu barazana. Alal misali, David Livingstone ya ruwaito shekaru ashirin da suka shige cewa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VII Chinkonkole Kafuti]] ya zaluntar mutanensa har da yawa sun yi hijira, kuma da kyar ya iya tara mazaje 1000. A ci gaba da sabanin da Msiri, lokacin da makasan da Msiri da Tippu Tib suka aika suka ci gaba da kai hari kan boma, mutanen Chinkonkole Kafuti ba su gargade shi ba, amma sai suka ba shi mamaki. === Bayanin Arnot na Msiri === Daga cikin rubutattun asusun Msiri na zamani, duk sun kasance ta ko bisa asusun mutane a cikin albashin Leopold ko BSAC, banda Arnot da abokan aikinsa na mishan, mafi kusancin akwai masu lura da tsaka tsaki. Arnot ya kira Msiri a matsayin "mai gaskiya," kuma ya kafa dangantakar aiki tare da shi, tare da wani adadin mutunta juna. Msiri ya bai wa Arnot filin ya gina nasa bukka, ƙaramin asibiti, coci, da makaranta. Lokacin da Arnot ya koma Landan ya ɗauki ƙarin mishan uku don su je Msiri a Bunkeya. Littattafai na Arnot sun ce rayuwa a Bunkeya: {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Rahoton The Stairs Expedition === Gidan yanar gizon maganganun siyasa yana ba da waɗannan azaman kalmomin ƙarshe na Omer Bodson: {{Blockquote|I don't mind dying now that I've killed Msiri. Thank God my death will not be in vain. I've delivered Africa from one of her most detestable tyrants.<br>— Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney.<ref>[http://www.politicalquotes.org/Quotedisplay.aspx?DocID=13222 "Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney, 1892".] ''Eigen's Political & Historical Quotations''. Retrieved 10 February 2007.</ref>}} Moloney, likitan matattakalar balaguron balaguro, ya rubuta asusunsa lokacin da ya koma Landan a 1892. Sakamakon rubuce-rubucen maza irin su Livingstone, ra'ayin jama'a a Biritaniya ya fara yin yunƙurin yin gyare-gyare wanda ya amfanar da 'yan asalin daular Burtaniya. Moloney ya lura cewa Msiri yana da "masu neman gafara" a Landan. Sarki Leopold dole ne ya halasta da'awarsa ta Kwango Free State ta Katanga a ƙarƙashin [[Taron Berlin|ƙa'idar Tasirin Babban Taron Berlin]], don haka ana buƙatar hujja don kashe Msiri. An yi amfani da rahotannin The Stairs Expedition a Turai don jaddada kare kai a matsayin dalilin mutuwarsa, tare da ikirarin cewa shi azzalumi ne mai kishin jini. Maganar Moloney ta Bodson na ban mamaki kalmomi masu mutuwa sun taimaka a wannan fannin. Tambayar ita ce ko ana bayyana Msiri a matsayin azzalumi mai kishin jini tun kafin a kashe shi, a lokacin da mahukuntan masarauta ke neman sa hannun sa kan wata yarjejeniya. == Duba kuma == * William Grant Stairs ** Balaguron Matakala * Mulkin Yeke * Yau mutane * Lardin Katanga * Kasar Congo Free State * Maria de Fonseca * Alfred Sharpe * Omer Bodson * Joseph Moloney * Christian de Bonchamps * Congo Pedicle * [[Taron Berlin|1884-85 Taron Berlin]] * [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe]] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929144902/http://www.kingmsiri.com/fr/kings/king1.htm ''Mwami Msiri, Sarkin Garanganze'' .] Shafin yanar gizo na magadan Msiri a matsayin sarakunan mutanen Garanganze. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 10syqh785qbdixxmgwoodaycatgiscw 892881 892880 2026-08-08T10:24:25Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892881 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Msiri_1830_1891.jpg|thumb|283x283px| An kwatanta Msiri a cikin littafi na 1886.]]{{Databox}} '''Msiri''' (c. 1830 - Disamba 20, 1891) ya kafa daular Yeke (wanda ake kira daular Garanganze ko Garenganze) a kudu maso gabashin Katanga (yanzu a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DR Congo]] ) daga kimanin shekarar 1856 zuwa 1891. Wani lokaci ana rubuta sunansa 'M'Siri' a cikin labaran Faransanci. Sauran bambance-bambancen su ne "Mziri", "Msidi", da "Mushidi"; kuma cikakken sunansa '''Mwenda Msiri Ngelengwa Shitambi''' . == Asalin Msiri da hawan mulki == [[Fayil:Msiri's_kingdom_in_1880_760x460_lo-res.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Kudancin Afirka ta Tsakiya a cikin shekarar 1890 yana nuna matsayi na tsakiya na Msiri ta Yeke Kingdom da kuma manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, tare da kimanin yankuna na manyan abokan Msiri (sunaye a cikin rawaya) da kuma yankunan da ke da ikon Turai (sunaye a orange - baya nuna tasirin tasiri ko iyakoki). Sarkin Zanzibar ne ke kula da cinikin gabar tekun gabas . Ba a nuna yankunan tasirin wasu kabilu da na Faransa da Jamus ba.]] === Daga Tabora zuwa Katanga === Msiri ya kuma kasance Nyamwezi daga Tabora a [[Tanzaniya]] ta zamani kuma ɗan kasuwa, kamar mahaifinsa Kalasa, yana da hannu cikin [[Bauta a Zanzibar|cinikin bayi]] na tagulla, hauren giwa da Gabashin Afirka wanda Sarkin Zanzibar da wakilansa [[Larabawa|na Larabawa]] da [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] ke sarrafawa. Babban hanyar kasuwanci ta tafi Ujiji a [[tafkin Tanganyika]] sannan zuwa tafkin Mweru da Katanga. <ref>Moloney, Joseph Augustus (1893). ''With Captain Stairs to Katanga'', pp. 172−3, London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company ({{ISBN|0-9553936-5-5}}).</ref> === Ikon soja === Msiri ya gane samun bindigogi shine mabuɗin wutar lantarki, kuma a Katanga, yana da albarkatun tagulla da hauren giwa da zai yi ciniki da su. Ya kafa rundunar soji ya fara cin maƙwabtansa. Ya kuma yi aure a gidan sarautar Luba, inda ya fara amfani da mata a matsayin ƴan leƙen asiri. Ya kuma dogara ne da cinikin bindigu na gabas da bindigu da foda, wanda ya ratsa cikin yankin abokan hamayyarsa, yana sanya kayayyaki masu tsada da rashin dogaro. A maimakon haka sai ya juya zuwa gaɓar yamma, ya aika da ɗan'uwansa Molenga zuwa ga Ovimbundu da [[Portugal|Portuguese]] 'yan kasuwa a kusa da [[Benguela]] a [[Angola]], kuma wani dan kasuwa a can mai suna Coimbra ya zama mai kawo masa kaya. [[Mutanen Luba]] da ke arewa-maso-yamma sun mallaki kasuwancin gabar tekun yamma, amma Msiri ya karbe shi ya dakatar da fadada su zuwa kudu. A yanzu Msiri yana da iko da tasiri wajen kulla kawance kamar yadda ya zama daidai da shugabannin yaki irin su [[Tippu Tip]], wanda ke iko da gabashin Kongo daga tafkin Tanganyika har ya zuwa yanzu Uganda a arewa maso gabas, da kuma shugaban Nyamwezi Mirambo wanda ke kula da hanyar kasa tsakanin tafkin Tanganyika da bakin teku, kuma ya nemi yin koyi da su. Msiri ya cimma abin da wasu kabilu da Portuguese suka yi ƙoƙari ba tare da samun nasara mai yawa ba, wanda shine kasuwanci a fadin nahiyar, tare da iyakokin biyu. A lokacin ziyarar David Livingstone zuwa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VIII]] a cikin shekarar 1867, Msiri ya mallaki mafi yawan yankunan Mwata da kasuwanci a yammacin gabar kogin Luapula . <ref name="Gordon" /> Tippu Tip ya so ɗaukar fansa kan Kazembe saboda kashe shida daga cikin mutanensa, kuma ya kulla kawance da Msiri don kai hari kuma ya kashe Mwata Kazembe a 1870, kuma Msiri daga baya ya yi tasiri wajen nada magajinsa. An ƙarfafa ikon Msiri na kudu maso gabashin Katanga da albarkatun tagulla. === Dabarar Msiri === [[Fayil:Maria_de_Fonseca.jpg|thumb| Matar da Msiri ya fi so, Baturen-Angolan Maria de Fonseca, wacce ta mutu da mugunyar mutuwa a hannun ɗan da Msiri ya ɗauka kuma magajinsa.]] A cikin yanki da shekarun da 'yan kasuwa masu ɗauke da makamai suka mamaye, Msiri ya yi nasara sosai. Gudanar da hanyoyin kasuwancin da ke tsakanin Tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantika]] da [[Tekun Indiya|Indiya]] ya ɗauki rashin tausayi da makamai (kuma a kan maƙwabtansa, Msiri yana da abin da za a kira a yammacin ' fasahar soja mafi girma'). Amma kuma ya dauki ido mai ma'ana, kuma yaudara da lallashi da ake bukata don kulla kawance da daruruwan sauran ƙabilu, masu mulki da 'yan kasuwa. Ya yi haka ne ta hannun matansa wadanda adadinsu ya haura 500. Ya ɗauki mata daga ƙauyen kowane basarake, wanda ya sa sarkin ya ɗauka cewa wannan ya ba shi lauya a kotun Msiri, amma matar ta yi amfani da ita don leken asiri ga sarki kuma don samun bayanai game da mu'amalarsa da amincinsa. Ana iya amfani da matar a matsayin garkuwa idan duk wani tawaye daga wannan sarkin. Msiri ya kuma kulla kawance da wasu manyan abokan ciniki ta hanyar aure. An ce matar da ya fi so ita ce Maria de Fonseca, 'yar'uwar abokin ciniki na Portuguese-Angolan Coimbra. Msiri ya auri daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa mata ga [[Tippu Tip]] . A cikin shekarar 1884, yana son samun shawarwari kan yadda za a tunkari turawan mulkin mallaka [[Turai|na gabatowa]], ya gayyaci wani ɗan mishan [[Scotland|dan Scotland]], Frederick Stanley Arnot, wanda ya ji yana Angola, ya zo babban birninsa a Bunkeya, 180.&nbsp;km yamma da kogin Luapula . A cikin shekarar 1886 Arnot ya isa kuma shine farar fata na farko da ya zauna a Katanga. Bayan shekaru uku ya koma [[Birtaniya|Biritaniya]] don ɗaukar ƙarin masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje, gami da Charles Swan da Dan Crawford . Saboda haka, masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje na farko a Katanga ba su tsai da shawarar zuwa can da nasu yunƙurin ba. Dabarar Msiri ta yi aiki: shawarwarin mishan sun hana shi shiga ta balaguron farko na Burtaniya da Belgium (duba ƙasa). Hakanan yana iya yiwuwa Msiri yana da ra'ayin yin garkuwa da 'yan mishan a duk wani yaki da Turawa, kamar yadda ya yi garkuwa da matan kabilu. == Rikicin Katanga da kashe Msiri == === Balaguron Biritaniya (Sharpe da Thomson), 1890 === [[Cecil Rhodes]] ' Kamfani na Afirka ta Kudu na Burtaniya (BSAC) da [[Beljik|Belgian]] King Leopold II 's Kongo Free State (CFS) duk sun so rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin da Msiri don cika burinsu na mulkin mallaka kuma sun yi takara don yin hakan. Wasu daga cikin sarakunan da ke karkashin Msiri da masu fafatawa a kasuwanci sun yi amfani da damar zuwan sabbin iko a yankin don fara tawaye ga ikonsa. A cikin Nuwamba 1890 Alfred Sharpe ya isa Bunkeya daga Nyasaland a madadin BSAC da Kwamishinan Biritaniya a Afirka ta Tsakiya/ Nyasaland, Sir Harry Johnston, tare da rangwamen haƙƙin ma'adinai da yarjejeniyar kariyar Birtaniyya don sanya hannu. BSAC ne ta aiko mai binciken Joseph Thomson don saduwa da ƙarfafa aikin Sharpe a Bunkeya, amma cutar [[Agana|sankarau]] ta toshe hanyarta kuma ta kasa ci gaba. Har yanzu kuma Arnot yana Biritaniya amma Charles Swan da Dan Crawford sun halarta. Msiri da jami'ansa ba su iya karanta Turanci ba kuma Sharpe ya kwatanta yarjejeniyar da kyau, amma Arnot ya shawarci Msiri da a fassara duk wata yarjejeniya, kuma Swan yanzu ya ba da irin wannan shawara. Don haka daga baya masu mishan sun zama batun bacin rai da fushi a madadin BSAC, domin lokacin da aka bayyana ainihin abin da yarjejeniyar ta kunsa ga Msiri, ya fusata, ya sallami Sharpe hannu wofi. Sharpe ya tabbata Msiri ba zai rattaba hannu kan ikon mallakar wani iko ba, kuma ya shawarci Johnston da ya jira har sai ya fita daga hanya. === Balaguron Belgian (Le Marinel da Delcommune), 1891 === A ranar 18 ga Afrilun shekarar 1891 Leopold ya aika da balaguro na mutane kusan 350 ƙarƙashin jagorancin Paul Le Marinel . Ya sami ɗan gajeren wasiƙa da Msiri ya sa hannu kuma Swan ya shaida (kuma mai yiwuwa shi ne ya rubuta shi), cewa Msiri zai karɓi wakilan CFS a yankinsa. Ba a ambaci yarda da a daga tutar CFS ba ko kuma a amince da ikon Leopold, kuma da alama rashin daidaito an tsara shi ne don kiyaye Leopold a bakin teku, don haka bayan 'yan watanni [[Alexandre Delcommune|Delcommune Expedition]] ya biyo baya don ƙoƙarin cimma waɗannan manufofin, amma kuma Msiri ya ƙi. Da tsammanin cewa BSAC za ta sake gwadawa tare da Thomson, Leopold ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar mataki mai ƙarfi tare da balaguron sa na uku na 1891. === Balaguron Matakala da kashe Msiri === {{Blockquote|In all truth, we don't know where this head went. Is it in Europe, in some Museum, in the house of Leopold II, or with whom? Up to this day, we don't know."<ref name=Fabian/>}} A ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1891 da makamai masu linzami Expedition na CFS ya isa Bunkeya tare da sojoji 400 da 'yan dako, karkashin jagorancin [[Kanada]], Kyaftin WG Stairs, wanda Leopold ya umarta don tayar da tutar CFS kuma ya yi ikirarin Katanga da karfi idan ya cancanta. An fara tattaunawa kuma Msiri ya nuna cewa zai iya amincewa da wata yarjejeniya idan aka kawo masa foda. A cewar Likitan Expedition na Stairs Expedition Joseph Moloney da jami'in na uku Christian de Bonchamps, tare da yin shawarwari a tsaka-tsaki, Msiri ya mayar da martani ga matsananci kuma ga Matakan da ke tashi da tutar CFS ba tare da izininsa ba, ta hanyar tashi da dare zuwa wani kauye mai garu a Munema a gefen Bunkeya. Washegari, 20 ga Disamba, 1891, Stairs ya aika da babban kwamandan sa na biyu, Laftanar Omer Bodson na Belgium tare da de Bonchamps da sojoji 100 don kama Msiri. Duk da damuwar de Bonchamps game da hatsarin, Bodson ya shiga cikin Munema tare da mutane goma sha biyu ya fuskanci Msiri a gaban mayakansa kusan 300. Msiri bai ce komai ba sai a fusace ya fara zare [[Takobi|takobin]] da aka yi masa kyauta daga Stairs. Bodson ya zana bijirewa ya harbe Msiri har sau uku, ya kashe shi. Fada ya barke, kuma daya daga cikin mutanen Msiri ya harbe Bodson har lahira, ya mutu daga baya. Tarihin baka na mutanen Garanganze ya ƙunshi wasu sabani game da lamarin. A cikin wani labari, Msiri ya yi wa Bodson mashi har lahira kuma wasu 'yan tawagar sun harbe shi. === Kaddarar kan Msiri === A cikin wata kasida da aka buga a birnin Paris a shekara ta 1892, de Bonchamps ya bayyana cewa bayan da suka dawo da gawar Msiri zuwa sansaninsu, balaguron ya yanke kansa tare da ɗaga shi a kan sandar sanda a matsayin 'darasi mara kyau' ga Garanganze. Littafin Moloney yayi shiru akan batun. Dan Crawford ya kasance a wani waje na Belgium 40&nbsp;km daga nesa kuma, ya dogara da rahoton Garanganze, ya rubuta cewa bayan ya harbe Msiri, 'Bodson' ya yanke kansa kuma ya yi ihu "Na kashe tiger! Vive le Roi!". Tarihi na baka na Garanganze ya ce gawar da aka mayar musu da Stairs don binne gawar ba ta da kai, kuma balaguron ya kiyaye kan. Wani labari ya ce ta la'anci kuma ta kashe duk wanda ya ɗauke ta <ref name="Fabian">[http://www2.fmg.uva.nl/lpca/aps/tshibumba1a.html Fabian, Johannes (11 November 1998). "The history of Zaire as told and painted by Tshibumba Kanda Matulu in conversation with Johannes Fabian."] ''Archives of Popular Swahili'' '''2''' (2). {{ISSN|1570-0178}}.</ref> kuma daga ƙarshe, wannan ya haɗa da Stairs da kansa, wanda ya mutu sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] bayan watanni shida a hanyar dawowa, kuma an yi zargin cewa yana tare da kan Msiri a cikin gwangwani na kananzir. Tarihin wadanda suka gaji Msiri ya ce an binne kan a karkashin wani tsauni na duwatsu a kasar Zambiya, amma kuma ya ce magajin Msiri ya 'kama ya kashe dukkan Turawa a wannan balaguron'. A cikin 1998 mai zane [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|ɗan Kongo]] Tshibumba Kanda-Matulu ya ce: {{Blockquote|There can be little doubt, judging from various contemporary accounts, that his rule was arbitrary, vindictive, cruel, and despotic. He was a warlord who enslaved his neighbours and whose capital was surrounded by palisades on which hung the skulls of his enemies.<ref name="DACBFA"/>}} === Katanga bayan Msiri === Sojojin balaguron sun kashe da yawa daga cikin mutanen Msiri a ranar a Munema, kuma jama'a sun watse. Da sharadin ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin CFS, Stairs ya nada dan renon Msiri a matsayin shugaba a madadinsa amma na yanki da ya ragu sosai, ya maido da masarautun Wasanga wadanda Msiri ya hambarar da su shekaru 30 da suka gabata. Balaguron Matakan ya bar bayan makonni bakwai lokacin da wani balaguron CFS ( [[Bia Expedition|Batun Bia]] ) ya zo daga arewa. Ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai don kiyaye ingantaccen iko, kuma ya ƙaura zuwa gabashin Katanga. Hagu ba tare da wani sojojin CFS ba don kiyaye zaman lafiya, rikice-rikice da rashin zaman lafiya sun mamaye wuraren da Msiri ya bari na ɗan lokaci yayin da sarakunan suka yi yaƙi da juna, kuma Dan Crawford ya ƙaura zuwa tafkin Mweru kuma ya kafa manufa wanda Garanganze da yawa suka ƙaura don tserewa rikicin. Birtaniya ta yarda da mallakar Katanga na Free State na Kongo (gwamnatin da Leopold ya ba wa Compagnie du Katanga) kuma an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Anglo-Belgian a 1894. Kasuwancin bayi daga kudu maso gabashin Katanga zuwa tafkin Tanganyika ya ragu, ko da yake a Kongo 'Yancin Bautar da aka yi a Kongo kamar yadda jami'an sarki Leopold na biyu suka yi bai ƙare ba sai bayan da kasar Belgian ta kwace kasar a shekara ta 1908. Wasu daga cikin mutanen Garanganze sun koma Bunkeya kuma suka ci gaba da sarautar Garanganze wanda, duk da gudun hijira na cikin gida na wasu shekaru, yana ci gaba da yin amfani da sunan 'Mwami Mwenda' bayan sunan farko na Msiri, yana mulkin jama'a kusan 20,000. == Kimantawa == {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Mummunan hukunci === [[Fayil:Msiris_compound.jpg|thumb| ''Boma'' Msiri a Bunkeya. Abubuwan da ke saman sandunan nan huɗu, waɗanda aka tattara wasu mayaka na Msiri a ƙasa, shugabannin abokan gāba ne. Ƙarin kokon kai suna kan gungumen azaba suna samar da hannun jari. ]] An ce Msiri yana azabtar da makiyansa da sauran miyagu ta hanyar yankan kunne (yanke kunne), binne shi har wuyansa a bar shi da yunwa, ko kuma a rufe shi a cikin bukka don cin abincin karnuka. An aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ta hanyar fille kai, kamar yadda kawukan da aka ɗora akan sanduna suka shaida. Abin ban mamaki balaguron matakala ya yi wa Msiri da kansa (kuma gwamnatin Leopold a cikin Kongo Free State sun rataye kawuna da gawarwakin mazauna kauyuka a kan shinge a matsayin gargadi ga wasu abin da ya faru da wadanda ba su cika adadin roba ba). Babban birnin Msiri na Bunkeya da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye yana da yawan jama'a 60,000-80,000 a 1891. Shekara guda bayan mutuwar Msiri, 10,000-20,000 ne. A wannan yanki na Afirka mutane suna tarwatsewa cikin daji lokacin da aka yi musu barazana. Alal misali, David Livingstone ya ruwaito shekaru ashirin da suka shige cewa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VII Chinkonkole Kafuti]] ya zaluntar mutanensa har da yawa sun yi hijira, kuma da kyar ya iya tara mazaje 1000. A ci gaba da sabanin da Msiri, lokacin da makasan da Msiri da Tippu Tib suka aika suka ci gaba da kai hari kan boma, mutanen Chinkonkole Kafuti ba su gargade shi ba, amma sai suka ba shi mamaki. === Bayanin Arnot na Msiri === Daga cikin rubutattun asusun Msiri na zamani, duk sun kasance ta ko bisa asusun mutane a cikin albashin Leopold ko BSAC, banda Arnot da abokan aikinsa na mishan, mafi kusancin akwai masu lura da tsaka tsaki. Arnot ya kira Msiri a matsayin "mai gaskiya," kuma ya kafa dangantakar aiki tare da shi, tare da wani adadin mutunta juna. Msiri ya bai wa Arnot filin ya gina nasa bukka, ƙaramin asibiti, coci, da makaranta. Lokacin da Arnot ya koma Landan ya ɗauki ƙarin mishan uku don su je Msiri a Bunkeya. Littattafai na Arnot sun ce rayuwa a Bunkeya: {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Rahoton The Stairs Expedition === Gidan yanar gizon maganganun siyasa yana ba da waɗannan azaman kalmomin ƙarshe na Omer Bodson: {{Blockquote|I don't mind dying now that I've killed Msiri. Thank God my death will not be in vain. I've delivered Africa from one of her most detestable tyrants.<br>— Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney.<ref>[http://www.politicalquotes.org/Quotedisplay.aspx?DocID=13222 "Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney, 1892".] ''Eigen's Political & Historical Quotations''. Retrieved 10 February 2007.</ref>}} Moloney, likitan matattakalar balaguron balaguro, ya rubuta asusunsa lokacin da ya koma Landan a 1892. Sakamakon rubuce-rubucen maza irin su Livingstone, ra'ayin jama'a a Biritaniya ya fara yin yunƙurin yin gyare-gyare wanda ya amfanar da 'yan asalin daular Burtaniya. Moloney ya lura cewa Msiri yana da "masu neman gafara" a Landan. Sarki Leopold dole ne ya halasta da'awarsa ta Kwango Free State ta Katanga a ƙarƙashin [[Taron Berlin|ƙa'idar Tasirin Babban Taron Berlin]], don haka ana buƙatar hujja don kashe Msiri. An yi amfani da rahotannin The Stairs Expedition a Turai don jaddada kare kai a matsayin dalilin mutuwarsa, tare da ikirarin cewa shi azzalumi ne mai kishin jini. Maganar Moloney ta Bodson na ban mamaki kalmomi masu mutuwa sun taimaka a wannan fannin. Tambayar ita ce ko ana bayyana Msiri a matsayin azzalumi mai kishin jini tun kafin a kashe shi, a lokacin da mahukuntan masarauta ke neman sa hannun sa kan wata yarjejeniya. == Duba kuma == * William Grant Stairs ** Balaguron Matakala * Mulkin Yeke * Yau mutane * Lardin Katanga * Kasar Congo Free State * Maria de Fonseca * Alfred Sharpe * Omer Bodson * Joseph Moloney * Christian de Bonchamps * Congo Pedicle * [[Taron Berlin|1884-85 Taron Berlin]] * [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe]] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929144902/http://www.kingmsiri.com/fr/kings/king1.htm ''Mwami Msiri, Sarkin Garanganze'' .] Shafin yanar gizo na magadan Msiri a matsayin sarakunan mutanen Garanganze. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2k0e4mkhfdoey3y29orv4ag9z0nniym 892882 892881 2026-08-08T10:24:42Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892882 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Msiri_1830_1891.jpg|thumb|283x283px| An kwatanta Msiri a cikin littafi na 1886.]]{{Databox}} '''Msiri''' (c. 1830 - Disamba 20, 1891) ya kafa daular Yeke (wanda ake kira daular Garanganze ko Garenganze) a kudu maso gabashin Katanga (yanzu a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DR Congo]] ) daga kimanin shekarar 1856 zuwa 1891. Wani lokaci ana rubuta sunansa 'M'Siri' a cikin labaran Faransanci. Sauran bambance-bambancen su ne "Mziri", "Msidi", da "Mushidi"; kuma cikakken sunansa '''Mwenda Msiri Ngelengwa Shitambi''' . == Asalin Msiri da hawan mulki == [[Fayil:Msiri's_kingdom_in_1880_760x460_lo-res.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Kudancin Afirka ta Tsakiya a cikin shekarar 1890 yana nuna matsayi na tsakiya na Msiri ta Yeke Kingdom da kuma manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, tare da kimanin yankuna na manyan abokan Msiri (sunaye a cikin rawaya) da kuma yankunan da ke da ikon Turai (sunaye a orange - baya nuna tasirin tasiri ko iyakoki). Sarkin Zanzibar ne ke kula da cinikin gabar tekun gabas . Ba a nuna yankunan tasirin wasu kabilu da na Faransa da Jamus ba.]] === Daga Tabora zuwa Katanga === Msiri ya kuma kasance Nyamwezi daga Tabora a [[Tanzaniya]] ta zamani kuma ɗan kasuwa, kamar mahaifinsa Kalasa, yana da hannu cikin [[Bauta a Zanzibar|cinikin bayi]] na tagulla, hauren giwa da Gabashin Afirka wanda Sarkin Zanzibar da wakilansa [[Larabawa|na Larabawa]] da [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] ke sarrafawa. Babban hanyar kasuwanci ta tafi Ujiji a [[tafkin Tanganyika]] sannan zuwa tafkin Mweru da Katanga. <ref>Moloney, Joseph Augustus (1893). ''With Captain Stairs to Katanga'', pp. 172−3, London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company ({{ISBN|0-9553936-5-5}}).</ref> === Ikon soja === Msiri ya gane samun bindigogi shine mabuɗin wutar lantarki, kuma a Katanga, yana da albarkatun tagulla da hauren giwa da zai yi ciniki da su. Ya kafa rundunar soji ya fara cin maƙwabtansa. Ya kuma yi aure a gidan sarautar Luba, inda ya fara amfani da mata a matsayin ƴan leƙen asiri. Ya kuma dogara ne da cinikin bindigu na gabas da bindigu da foda, wanda ya ratsa cikin yankin abokan hamayyarsa, yana sanya kayayyaki masu tsada da rashin dogaro. A maimakon haka sai ya juya zuwa gaɓar yamma, ya aika da ɗan'uwansa Molenga zuwa ga Ovimbundu da [[Portugal|Portuguese]] 'yan kasuwa a kusa da [[Benguela]] a [[Angola]], kuma wani dan kasuwa a can mai suna Coimbra ya zama mai kawo masa kaya. [[Mutanen Luba]] da ke arewa-maso-yamma sun mallaki kasuwancin gabar tekun yamma, amma Msiri ya karbe shi ya dakatar da fadada su zuwa kudu. A yanzu Msiri yana da iko da tasiri wajen kulla kawance kamar yadda ya zama daidai da shugabannin yaki irin su [[Tippu Tip]], wanda ke iko da gabashin Kongo daga tafkin Tanganyika har ya zuwa yanzu Uganda a arewa maso gabas, da kuma shugaban Nyamwezi Mirambo wanda ke kula da hanyar kasa tsakanin tafkin Tanganyika da bakin teku, kuma ya nemi yin koyi da su. Msiri ya cimma abin da wasu kabilu da Portuguese suka yi ƙoƙari ba tare da samun nasara mai yawa ba, wanda shine kasuwanci a fadin nahiyar, tare da iyakokin biyu. A lokacin ziyarar David Livingstone zuwa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VIII]] a cikin shekarar 1867, Msiri ya mallaki mafi yawan yankunan Mwata da kasuwanci a yammacin gabar kogin Luapula . <ref name="Gordon" /> Tippu Tip ya so ɗaukar fansa kan Kazembe saboda kashe shida daga cikin mutanensa, kuma ya kulla kawance da Msiri don kai hari kuma ya kashe Mwata Kazembe a 1870, kuma Msiri daga baya ya yi tasiri wajen nada magajinsa. An ƙarfafa ikon Msiri na kudu maso gabashin Katanga da albarkatun tagulla. === Dabarar Msiri === [[Fayil:Maria_de_Fonseca.jpg|thumb| Matar da Msiri ya fi so, Baturen-Angolan Maria de Fonseca, wacce ta mutu da mugunyar mutuwa a hannun ɗan da Msiri ya ɗauka kuma magajinsa.]] A cikin yanki da shekarun da 'yan kasuwa masu ɗauke da makamai suka mamaye, Msiri ya yi nasara sosai. Gudanar da hanyoyin kasuwancin da ke tsakanin Tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantika]] da [[Tekun Indiya|Indiya]] ya ɗauki rashin tausayi da makamai (kuma a kan maƙwabtansa, Msiri yana da abin da za a kira a yammacin ' fasahar soja mafi girma'). Amma kuma ya dauki ido mai ma'ana, kuma yaudara da lallashi da ake bukata don kulla kawance da daruruwan sauran ƙabilu, masu mulki da 'yan kasuwa. Ya yi haka ne ta hannun matansa wadanda adadinsu ya haura 500. Ya ɗauki mata daga ƙauyen kowane basarake, wanda ya sa sarkin ya ɗauka cewa wannan ya ba shi lauya a kotun Msiri, amma matar ta yi amfani da ita don leken asiri ga sarki kuma don samun bayanai game da mu'amalarsa da amincinsa. Ana iya amfani da matar a matsayin garkuwa idan duk wani tawaye daga wannan sarkin. Msiri ya kuma kulla kawance da wasu manyan abokan ciniki ta hanyar aure. An ce matar da ya fi so ita ce Maria de Fonseca, 'yar'uwar abokin ciniki na Portuguese-Angolan Coimbra. Msiri ya auri daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa mata ga [[Tippu Tip]] . A cikin shekarar 1884, yana son samun shawarwari kan yadda za a tunkari turawan mulkin mallaka [[Turai|na gabatowa]], ya gayyaci wani ɗan mishan [[Scotland|dan Scotland]], Frederick Stanley Arnot, wanda ya ji yana Angola, ya zo babban birninsa a Bunkeya, 180.&nbsp;km yamma da kogin Luapula . A cikin shekarar 1886 Arnot ya isa kuma shine farar fata na farko da ya zauna a Katanga. Bayan shekaru uku ya koma [[Birtaniya|Biritaniya]] don ɗaukar ƙarin masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje, gami da Charles Swan da Dan Crawford . Saboda haka, masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje na farko a Katanga ba su tsai da shawarar zuwa can da nasu yunƙurin ba. Dabarar Msiri ta yi aiki: shawarwarin mishan sun hana shi shiga ta balaguron farko na Burtaniya da Belgium (duba ƙasa). Hakanan yana iya yiwuwa Msiri yana da ra'ayin yin garkuwa da 'yan mishan a duk wani yaki da Turawa, kamar yadda ya yi garkuwa da matan kabilu. == Rikicin Katanga da kashe Msiri == === Balaguron Biritaniya (Sharpe da Thomson), 1890 === [[Cecil Rhodes]] ' Kamfani na Afirka ta Kudu na Burtaniya (BSAC) da [[Beljik|Belgian]] King Leopold II 's Kongo Free State (CFS) duk sun so rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin da Msiri don cika burinsu na mulkin mallaka kuma sun yi takara don yin hakan. Wasu daga cikin sarakunan da ke karkashin Msiri da masu fafatawa a kasuwanci sun yi amfani da damar zuwan sabbin iko a yankin don fara tawaye ga ikonsa. A cikin Nuwamba 1890 Alfred Sharpe ya isa Bunkeya daga Nyasaland a madadin BSAC da Kwamishinan Biritaniya a Afirka ta Tsakiya/ Nyasaland, Sir Harry Johnston, tare da rangwamen haƙƙin ma'adinai da yarjejeniyar kariyar Birtaniyya don sanya hannu. BSAC ne ta aiko mai binciken Joseph Thomson don saduwa da ƙarfafa aikin Sharpe a Bunkeya, amma cutar [[Agana|sankarau]] ta toshe hanyarta kuma ta kasa ci gaba. Har yanzu kuma Arnot yana Biritaniya amma Charles Swan da Dan Crawford sun halarta. Msiri da jami'ansa ba su iya karanta Turanci ba kuma Sharpe ya kwatanta yarjejeniyar da kyau, amma Arnot ya shawarci Msiri da a fassara duk wata yarjejeniya, kuma Swan yanzu ya ba da irin wannan shawara. Don haka daga baya masu mishan sun zama batun bacin rai da fushi a madadin BSAC, domin lokacin da aka bayyana ainihin abin da yarjejeniyar ta kunsa ga Msiri, ya fusata, ya sallami Sharpe hannu wofi. Sharpe ya tabbata Msiri ba zai rattaba hannu kan ikon mallakar wani iko ba, kuma ya shawarci Johnston da ya jira har sai ya fita daga hanya. === Balaguron Belgian (Le Marinel da Delcommune), 1891 === A ranar 18 ga Afrilun shekarar 1891 Leopold ya aika da balaguro na mutane kusan 350 ƙarƙashin jagorancin Paul Le Marinel . Ya sami ɗan gajeren wasiƙa da Msiri ya sa hannu kuma Swan ya shaida (kuma mai yiwuwa shi ne ya rubuta shi), cewa Msiri zai karɓi wakilan CFS a yankinsa. Ba a ambaci yarda da a daga tutar CFS ba ko kuma a amince da ikon Leopold, kuma da alama rashin daidaito an tsara shi ne don kiyaye Leopold a bakin teku, don haka bayan 'yan watanni [[Alexandre Delcommune|Delcommune Expedition]] ya biyo baya don ƙoƙarin cimma waɗannan manufofin, amma kuma Msiri ya ƙi. Da tsammanin cewa BSAC za ta sake gwadawa tare da Thomson, Leopold ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar mataki mai ƙarfi tare da balaguron sa na uku na 1891. === Balaguron Matakala da kashe Msiri === {{Blockquote|In all truth, we don't know where this head went. Is it in Europe, in some Museum, in the house of Leopold II, or with whom? Up to this day, we don't know."<ref name=Fabian/>}} A ranar 14 ga Disamban shekarar 1891 da makamai masu linzami Expedition na CFS ya isa Bunkeya tare da sojoji 400 da 'yan dako, karkashin jagorancin [[Kanada]], Kyaftin WG Stairs, wanda Leopold ya umarta don tayar da tutar CFS kuma ya yi ikirarin Katanga da karfi idan ya cancanta. An fara tattaunawa kuma Msiri ya nuna cewa zai iya amincewa da wata yarjejeniya idan aka kawo masa foda. A cewar Likitan Expedition na Stairs Expedition Joseph Moloney da jami'in na uku Christian de Bonchamps, tare da yin shawarwari a tsaka-tsaki, Msiri ya mayar da martani ga matsananci kuma ga Matakan da ke tashi da tutar CFS ba tare da izininsa ba, ta hanyar tashi da dare zuwa wani kauye mai garu a Munema a gefen Bunkeya. Washegari, 20 ga Disamba, 1891, Stairs ya aika da babban kwamandan sa na biyu, Laftanar Omer Bodson na Belgium tare da de Bonchamps da sojoji 100 don kama Msiri. Duk da damuwar de Bonchamps game da hatsarin, Bodson ya shiga cikin Munema tare da mutane goma sha biyu ya fuskanci Msiri a gaban mayakansa kusan 300. Msiri bai ce komai ba sai a fusace ya fara zare [[Takobi|takobin]] da aka yi masa kyauta daga Stairs. Bodson ya zana bijirewa ya harbe Msiri har sau uku, ya kashe shi. Fada ya barke, kuma daya daga cikin mutanen Msiri ya harbe Bodson har lahira, ya mutu daga baya. Tarihin baka na mutanen Garanganze ya ƙunshi wasu sabani game da lamarin. A cikin wani labari, Msiri ya yi wa Bodson mashi har lahira kuma wasu 'yan tawagar sun harbe shi. === Kaddarar kan Msiri === A cikin wata kasida da aka buga a birnin Paris a shekara ta 1892, de Bonchamps ya bayyana cewa bayan da suka dawo da gawar Msiri zuwa sansaninsu, balaguron ya yanke kansa tare da ɗaga shi a kan sandar sanda a matsayin 'darasi mara kyau' ga Garanganze. Littafin Moloney yayi shiru akan batun. Dan Crawford ya kasance a wani waje na Belgium 40&nbsp;km daga nesa kuma, ya dogara da rahoton Garanganze, ya rubuta cewa bayan ya harbe Msiri, 'Bodson' ya yanke kansa kuma ya yi ihu "Na kashe tiger! Vive le Roi!". Tarihi na baka na Garanganze ya ce gawar da aka mayar musu da Stairs don binne gawar ba ta da kai, kuma balaguron ya kiyaye kan. Wani labari ya ce ta la'anci kuma ta kashe duk wanda ya ɗauke ta <ref name="Fabian">[http://www2.fmg.uva.nl/lpca/aps/tshibumba1a.html Fabian, Johannes (11 November 1998). "The history of Zaire as told and painted by Tshibumba Kanda Matulu in conversation with Johannes Fabian."] ''Archives of Popular Swahili'' '''2''' (2). {{ISSN|1570-0178}}.</ref> kuma daga ƙarshe, wannan ya haɗa da Stairs da kansa, wanda ya mutu sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] bayan watanni shida a hanyar dawowa, kuma an yi zargin cewa yana tare da kan Msiri a cikin gwangwani na kananzir. Tarihin wadanda suka gaji Msiri ya ce an binne kan a karkashin wani tsauni na duwatsu a kasar Zambiya, amma kuma ya ce magajin Msiri ya 'kama ya kashe dukkan Turawa a wannan balaguron'. A cikin 1998 mai zane [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|ɗan Kongo]] Tshibumba Kanda-Matulu ya ce: {{Blockquote|There can be little doubt, judging from various contemporary accounts, that his rule was arbitrary, vindictive, cruel, and despotic. He was a warlord who enslaved his neighbours and whose capital was surrounded by palisades on which hung the skulls of his enemies.<ref name="DACBFA"/>}} === Katanga bayan Msiri === Sojojin balaguron sun kashe da yawa daga cikin mutanen Msiri a ranar a Munema, kuma jama'a sun watse. Da sharadin ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin CFS, Stairs ya nada dan renon Msiri a matsayin shugaba a madadinsa amma na yanki da ya ragu sosai, ya maido da masarautun Wasanga wadanda Msiri ya hambarar da su shekaru 30 da suka gabata. Balaguron Matakan ya bar bayan makonni bakwai lokacin da wani balaguron CFS ( [[Bia Expedition|Batun Bia]] ) ya zo daga arewa. Ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai don kiyaye ingantaccen iko, kuma ya ƙaura zuwa gabashin Katanga. Hagu ba tare da wani sojojin CFS ba don kiyaye zaman lafiya, rikice-rikice da rashin zaman lafiya sun mamaye wuraren da Msiri ya bari na ɗan lokaci yayin da sarakunan suka yi yaƙi da juna, kuma Dan Crawford ya ƙaura zuwa tafkin Mweru kuma ya kafa manufa wanda Garanganze da yawa suka ƙaura don tserewa rikicin. Birtaniya ta yarda da mallakar Katanga na Free State na Kongo (gwamnatin da Leopold ya ba wa Compagnie du Katanga) kuma an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Anglo-Belgian a 1894. Kasuwancin bayi daga kudu maso gabashin Katanga zuwa tafkin Tanganyika ya ragu, ko da yake a Kongo 'Yancin Bautar da aka yi a Kongo kamar yadda jami'an sarki Leopold na biyu suka yi bai ƙare ba sai bayan da kasar Belgian ta kwace kasar a shekara ta 1908. Wasu daga cikin mutanen Garanganze sun koma Bunkeya kuma suka ci gaba da sarautar Garanganze wanda, duk da gudun hijira na cikin gida na wasu shekaru, yana ci gaba da yin amfani da sunan 'Mwami Mwenda' bayan sunan farko na Msiri, yana mulkin jama'a kusan 20,000. == Kimantawa == {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Mummunan hukunci === [[Fayil:Msiris_compound.jpg|thumb| ''Boma'' Msiri a Bunkeya. Abubuwan da ke saman sandunan nan huɗu, waɗanda aka tattara wasu mayaka na Msiri a ƙasa, shugabannin abokan gāba ne. Ƙarin kokon kai suna kan gungumen azaba suna samar da hannun jari. ]] An ce Msiri yana azabtar da makiyansa da sauran miyagu ta hanyar yankan kunne (yanke kunne), binne shi har wuyansa a bar shi da yunwa, ko kuma a rufe shi a cikin bukka don cin abincin karnuka. An aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ta hanyar fille kai, kamar yadda kawukan da aka ɗora akan sanduna suka shaida. Abin ban mamaki balaguron matakala ya yi wa Msiri da kansa (kuma gwamnatin Leopold a cikin Kongo Free State sun rataye kawuna da gawarwakin mazauna kauyuka a kan shinge a matsayin gargadi ga wasu abin da ya faru da wadanda ba su cika adadin roba ba). Babban birnin Msiri na Bunkeya da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye yana da yawan jama'a 60,000-80,000 a 1891. Shekara guda bayan mutuwar Msiri, 10,000-20,000 ne. A wannan yanki na Afirka mutane suna tarwatsewa cikin daji lokacin da aka yi musu barazana. Alal misali, David Livingstone ya ruwaito shekaru ashirin da suka shige cewa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VII Chinkonkole Kafuti]] ya zaluntar mutanensa har da yawa sun yi hijira, kuma da kyar ya iya tara mazaje 1000. A ci gaba da sabanin da Msiri, lokacin da makasan da Msiri da Tippu Tib suka aika suka ci gaba da kai hari kan boma, mutanen Chinkonkole Kafuti ba su gargade shi ba, amma sai suka ba shi mamaki. === Bayanin Arnot na Msiri === Daga cikin rubutattun asusun Msiri na zamani, duk sun kasance ta ko bisa asusun mutane a cikin albashin Leopold ko BSAC, banda Arnot da abokan aikinsa na mishan, mafi kusancin akwai masu lura da tsaka tsaki. Arnot ya kira Msiri a matsayin "mai gaskiya," kuma ya kafa dangantakar aiki tare da shi, tare da wani adadin mutunta juna. Msiri ya bai wa Arnot filin ya gina nasa bukka, ƙaramin asibiti, coci, da makaranta. Lokacin da Arnot ya koma Landan ya ɗauki ƙarin mishan uku don su je Msiri a Bunkeya. Littattafai na Arnot sun ce rayuwa a Bunkeya: {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Rahoton The Stairs Expedition === Gidan yanar gizon maganganun siyasa yana ba da waɗannan azaman kalmomin ƙarshe na Omer Bodson: {{Blockquote|I don't mind dying now that I've killed Msiri. Thank God my death will not be in vain. I've delivered Africa from one of her most detestable tyrants.<br>— Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney.<ref>[http://www.politicalquotes.org/Quotedisplay.aspx?DocID=13222 "Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney, 1892".] ''Eigen's Political & Historical Quotations''. Retrieved 10 February 2007.</ref>}} Moloney, likitan matattakalar balaguron balaguro, ya rubuta asusunsa lokacin da ya koma Landan a 1892. Sakamakon rubuce-rubucen maza irin su Livingstone, ra'ayin jama'a a Biritaniya ya fara yin yunƙurin yin gyare-gyare wanda ya amfanar da 'yan asalin daular Burtaniya. Moloney ya lura cewa Msiri yana da "masu neman gafara" a Landan. Sarki Leopold dole ne ya halasta da'awarsa ta Kwango Free State ta Katanga a ƙarƙashin [[Taron Berlin|ƙa'idar Tasirin Babban Taron Berlin]], don haka ana buƙatar hujja don kashe Msiri. An yi amfani da rahotannin The Stairs Expedition a Turai don jaddada kare kai a matsayin dalilin mutuwarsa, tare da ikirarin cewa shi azzalumi ne mai kishin jini. Maganar Moloney ta Bodson na ban mamaki kalmomi masu mutuwa sun taimaka a wannan fannin. Tambayar ita ce ko ana bayyana Msiri a matsayin azzalumi mai kishin jini tun kafin a kashe shi, a lokacin da mahukuntan masarauta ke neman sa hannun sa kan wata yarjejeniya. == Duba kuma == * William Grant Stairs ** Balaguron Matakala * Mulkin Yeke * Yau mutane * Lardin Katanga * Kasar Congo Free State * Maria de Fonseca * Alfred Sharpe * Omer Bodson * Joseph Moloney * Christian de Bonchamps * Congo Pedicle * [[Taron Berlin|1884-85 Taron Berlin]] * [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe]] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929144902/http://www.kingmsiri.com/fr/kings/king1.htm ''Mwami Msiri, Sarkin Garanganze'' .] Shafin yanar gizo na magadan Msiri a matsayin sarakunan mutanen Garanganze. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 54clqrry7in6mgkxaqhk213ihbigv2h 892883 892882 2026-08-08T10:24:59Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892883 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Msiri_1830_1891.jpg|thumb|283x283px| An kwatanta Msiri a cikin littafi na 1886.]]{{Databox}} '''Msiri''' (c. 1830 - Disamba 20, 1891) ya kafa daular Yeke (wanda ake kira daular Garanganze ko Garenganze) a kudu maso gabashin Katanga (yanzu a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DR Congo]] ) daga kimanin shekarar 1856 zuwa 1891. Wani lokaci ana rubuta sunansa 'M'Siri' a cikin labaran Faransanci. Sauran bambance-bambancen su ne "Mziri", "Msidi", da "Mushidi"; kuma cikakken sunansa '''Mwenda Msiri Ngelengwa Shitambi''' . == Asalin Msiri da hawan mulki == [[Fayil:Msiri's_kingdom_in_1880_760x460_lo-res.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Kudancin Afirka ta Tsakiya a cikin shekarar 1890 yana nuna matsayi na tsakiya na Msiri ta Yeke Kingdom da kuma manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, tare da kimanin yankuna na manyan abokan Msiri (sunaye a cikin rawaya) da kuma yankunan da ke da ikon Turai (sunaye a orange - baya nuna tasirin tasiri ko iyakoki). Sarkin Zanzibar ne ke kula da cinikin gabar tekun gabas . Ba a nuna yankunan tasirin wasu kabilu da na Faransa da Jamus ba.]] === Daga Tabora zuwa Katanga === Msiri ya kuma kasance Nyamwezi daga Tabora a [[Tanzaniya]] ta zamani kuma ɗan kasuwa, kamar mahaifinsa Kalasa, yana da hannu cikin [[Bauta a Zanzibar|cinikin bayi]] na tagulla, hauren giwa da Gabashin Afirka wanda Sarkin Zanzibar da wakilansa [[Larabawa|na Larabawa]] da [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] ke sarrafawa. Babban hanyar kasuwanci ta tafi Ujiji a [[tafkin Tanganyika]] sannan zuwa tafkin Mweru da Katanga. <ref>Moloney, Joseph Augustus (1893). ''With Captain Stairs to Katanga'', pp. 172−3, London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company ({{ISBN|0-9553936-5-5}}).</ref> === Ikon soja === Msiri ya gane samun bindigogi shine mabuɗin wutar lantarki, kuma a Katanga, yana da albarkatun tagulla da hauren giwa da zai yi ciniki da su. Ya kafa rundunar soji ya fara cin maƙwabtansa. Ya kuma yi aure a gidan sarautar Luba, inda ya fara amfani da mata a matsayin ƴan leƙen asiri. Ya kuma dogara ne da cinikin bindigu na gabas da bindigu da foda, wanda ya ratsa cikin yankin abokan hamayyarsa, yana sanya kayayyaki masu tsada da rashin dogaro. A maimakon haka sai ya juya zuwa gaɓar yamma, ya aika da ɗan'uwansa Molenga zuwa ga Ovimbundu da [[Portugal|Portuguese]] 'yan kasuwa a kusa da [[Benguela]] a [[Angola]], kuma wani dan kasuwa a can mai suna Coimbra ya zama mai kawo masa kaya. [[Mutanen Luba]] da ke arewa-maso-yamma sun mallaki kasuwancin gabar tekun yamma, amma Msiri ya karbe shi ya dakatar da fadada su zuwa kudu. A yanzu Msiri yana da iko da tasiri wajen kulla kawance kamar yadda ya zama daidai da shugabannin yaki irin su [[Tippu Tip]], wanda ke iko da gabashin Kongo daga tafkin Tanganyika har ya zuwa yanzu Uganda a arewa maso gabas, da kuma shugaban Nyamwezi Mirambo wanda ke kula da hanyar kasa tsakanin tafkin Tanganyika da bakin teku, kuma ya nemi yin koyi da su. Msiri ya cimma abin da wasu kabilu da Portuguese suka yi ƙoƙari ba tare da samun nasara mai yawa ba, wanda shine kasuwanci a fadin nahiyar, tare da iyakokin biyu. A lokacin ziyarar David Livingstone zuwa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VIII]] a cikin shekarar 1867, Msiri ya mallaki mafi yawan yankunan Mwata da kasuwanci a yammacin gabar kogin Luapula . <ref name="Gordon" /> Tippu Tip ya so ɗaukar fansa kan Kazembe saboda kashe shida daga cikin mutanensa, kuma ya kulla kawance da Msiri don kai hari kuma ya kashe Mwata Kazembe a 1870, kuma Msiri daga baya ya yi tasiri wajen nada magajinsa. An ƙarfafa ikon Msiri na kudu maso gabashin Katanga da albarkatun tagulla. === Dabarar Msiri === [[Fayil:Maria_de_Fonseca.jpg|thumb| Matar da Msiri ya fi so, Baturen-Angolan Maria de Fonseca, wacce ta mutu da mugunyar mutuwa a hannun ɗan da Msiri ya ɗauka kuma magajinsa.]] A cikin yanki da shekarun da 'yan kasuwa masu ɗauke da makamai suka mamaye, Msiri ya yi nasara sosai. Gudanar da hanyoyin kasuwancin da ke tsakanin Tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantika]] da [[Tekun Indiya|Indiya]] ya ɗauki rashin tausayi da makamai (kuma a kan maƙwabtansa, Msiri yana da abin da za a kira a yammacin ' fasahar soja mafi girma'). Amma kuma ya dauki ido mai ma'ana, kuma yaudara da lallashi da ake bukata don kulla kawance da daruruwan sauran ƙabilu, masu mulki da 'yan kasuwa. Ya yi haka ne ta hannun matansa wadanda adadinsu ya haura 500. Ya ɗauki mata daga ƙauyen kowane basarake, wanda ya sa sarkin ya ɗauka cewa wannan ya ba shi lauya a kotun Msiri, amma matar ta yi amfani da ita don leken asiri ga sarki kuma don samun bayanai game da mu'amalarsa da amincinsa. Ana iya amfani da matar a matsayin garkuwa idan duk wani tawaye daga wannan sarkin. Msiri ya kuma kulla kawance da wasu manyan abokan ciniki ta hanyar aure. An ce matar da ya fi so ita ce Maria de Fonseca, 'yar'uwar abokin ciniki na Portuguese-Angolan Coimbra. Msiri ya auri daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa mata ga [[Tippu Tip]] . A cikin shekarar 1884, yana son samun shawarwari kan yadda za a tunkari turawan mulkin mallaka [[Turai|na gabatowa]], ya gayyaci wani ɗan mishan [[Scotland|dan Scotland]], Frederick Stanley Arnot, wanda ya ji yana Angola, ya zo babban birninsa a Bunkeya, 180.&nbsp;km yamma da kogin Luapula . A cikin shekarar 1886 Arnot ya isa kuma shine farar fata na farko da ya zauna a Katanga. Bayan shekaru uku ya koma [[Birtaniya|Biritaniya]] don ɗaukar ƙarin masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje, gami da Charles Swan da Dan Crawford . Saboda haka, masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje na farko a Katanga ba su tsai da shawarar zuwa can da nasu yunƙurin ba. Dabarar Msiri ta yi aiki: shawarwarin mishan sun hana shi shiga ta balaguron farko na Burtaniya da Belgium (duba ƙasa). Hakanan yana iya yiwuwa Msiri yana da ra'ayin yin garkuwa da 'yan mishan a duk wani yaki da Turawa, kamar yadda ya yi garkuwa da matan kabilu. == Rikicin Katanga da kashe Msiri == === Balaguron Biritaniya (Sharpe da Thomson), 1890 === [[Cecil Rhodes]] ' Kamfani na Afirka ta Kudu na Burtaniya (BSAC) da [[Beljik|Belgian]] King Leopold II 's Kongo Free State (CFS) duk sun so rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin da Msiri don cika burinsu na mulkin mallaka kuma sun yi takara don yin hakan. Wasu daga cikin sarakunan da ke karkashin Msiri da masu fafatawa a kasuwanci sun yi amfani da damar zuwan sabbin iko a yankin don fara tawaye ga ikonsa. A cikin Nuwamba 1890 Alfred Sharpe ya isa Bunkeya daga Nyasaland a madadin BSAC da Kwamishinan Biritaniya a Afirka ta Tsakiya/ Nyasaland, Sir Harry Johnston, tare da rangwamen haƙƙin ma'adinai da yarjejeniyar kariyar Birtaniyya don sanya hannu. BSAC ne ta aiko mai binciken Joseph Thomson don saduwa da ƙarfafa aikin Sharpe a Bunkeya, amma cutar [[Agana|sankarau]] ta toshe hanyarta kuma ta kasa ci gaba. Har yanzu kuma Arnot yana Biritaniya amma Charles Swan da Dan Crawford sun halarta. Msiri da jami'ansa ba su iya karanta Turanci ba kuma Sharpe ya kwatanta yarjejeniyar da kyau, amma Arnot ya shawarci Msiri da a fassara duk wata yarjejeniya, kuma Swan yanzu ya ba da irin wannan shawara. Don haka daga baya masu mishan sun zama batun bacin rai da fushi a madadin BSAC, domin lokacin da aka bayyana ainihin abin da yarjejeniyar ta kunsa ga Msiri, ya fusata, ya sallami Sharpe hannu wofi. Sharpe ya tabbata Msiri ba zai rattaba hannu kan ikon mallakar wani iko ba, kuma ya shawarci Johnston da ya jira har sai ya fita daga hanya. === Balaguron Belgian (Le Marinel da Delcommune), 1891 === A ranar 18 ga Afrilun shekarar 1891 Leopold ya aika da balaguro na mutane kusan 350 ƙarƙashin jagorancin Paul Le Marinel . Ya sami ɗan gajeren wasiƙa da Msiri ya sa hannu kuma Swan ya shaida (kuma mai yiwuwa shi ne ya rubuta shi), cewa Msiri zai karɓi wakilan CFS a yankinsa. Ba a ambaci yarda da a daga tutar CFS ba ko kuma a amince da ikon Leopold, kuma da alama rashin daidaito an tsara shi ne don kiyaye Leopold a bakin teku, don haka bayan 'yan watanni [[Alexandre Delcommune|Delcommune Expedition]] ya biyo baya don ƙoƙarin cimma waɗannan manufofin, amma kuma Msiri ya ƙi. Da tsammanin cewa BSAC za ta sake gwadawa tare da Thomson, Leopold ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar mataki mai ƙarfi tare da balaguron sa na uku na 1891. === Balaguron Matakala da kashe Msiri === {{Blockquote|In all truth, we don't know where this head went. Is it in Europe, in some Museum, in the house of Leopold II, or with whom? Up to this day, we don't know."<ref name=Fabian/>}} A ranar 14 ga Disamban shekarar 1891 da makamai masu linzami Expedition na CFS ya isa Bunkeya tare da sojoji 400 da 'yan dako, karkashin jagorancin [[Kanada]], Kyaftin WG Stairs, wanda Leopold ya umarta don tayar da tutar CFS kuma ya yi ikirarin Katanga da karfi idan ya cancanta. An fara tattaunawa kuma Msiri ya nuna cewa zai iya amincewa da wata yarjejeniya idan aka kawo masa foda. A cewar Likitan Expedition na Stairs Expedition Joseph Moloney da jami'in na uku Christian de Bonchamps, tare da yin shawarwari a tsaka-tsaki, Msiri ya mayar da martani ga matsananci kuma ga Matakan da ke tashi da tutar CFS ba tare da izininsa ba, ta hanyar tashi da dare zuwa wani kauye mai garu a Munema a gefen Bunkeya. Washegari, 20 ga Disamban shekarar 1891, Stairs ya aika da babban kwamandan sa na biyu, Laftanar Omer Bodson na Belgium tare da de Bonchamps da sojoji 100 don kama Msiri. Duk da damuwar de Bonchamps game da hatsarin, Bodson ya shiga cikin Munema tare da mutane goma sha biyu ya fuskanci Msiri a gaban mayakansa kusan 300. Msiri bai ce komai ba sai a fusace ya fara zare [[Takobi|takobin]] da aka yi masa kyauta daga Stairs. Bodson ya zana bijirewa ya harbe Msiri har sau uku, ya kashe shi. Fada ya barke, kuma daya daga cikin mutanen Msiri ya harbe Bodson har lahira, ya mutu daga baya. Tarihin baka na mutanen Garanganze ya ƙunshi wasu sabani game da lamarin. A cikin wani labari, Msiri ya yi wa Bodson mashi har lahira kuma wasu 'yan tawagar sun harbe shi. === Kaddarar kan Msiri === A cikin wata kasida da aka buga a birnin Paris a shekara ta 1892, de Bonchamps ya bayyana cewa bayan da suka dawo da gawar Msiri zuwa sansaninsu, balaguron ya yanke kansa tare da ɗaga shi a kan sandar sanda a matsayin 'darasi mara kyau' ga Garanganze. Littafin Moloney yayi shiru akan batun. Dan Crawford ya kasance a wani waje na Belgium 40&nbsp;km daga nesa kuma, ya dogara da rahoton Garanganze, ya rubuta cewa bayan ya harbe Msiri, 'Bodson' ya yanke kansa kuma ya yi ihu "Na kashe tiger! Vive le Roi!". Tarihi na baka na Garanganze ya ce gawar da aka mayar musu da Stairs don binne gawar ba ta da kai, kuma balaguron ya kiyaye kan. Wani labari ya ce ta la'anci kuma ta kashe duk wanda ya ɗauke ta <ref name="Fabian">[http://www2.fmg.uva.nl/lpca/aps/tshibumba1a.html Fabian, Johannes (11 November 1998). "The history of Zaire as told and painted by Tshibumba Kanda Matulu in conversation with Johannes Fabian."] ''Archives of Popular Swahili'' '''2''' (2). {{ISSN|1570-0178}}.</ref> kuma daga ƙarshe, wannan ya haɗa da Stairs da kansa, wanda ya mutu sakamakon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] bayan watanni shida a hanyar dawowa, kuma an yi zargin cewa yana tare da kan Msiri a cikin gwangwani na kananzir. Tarihin wadanda suka gaji Msiri ya ce an binne kan a karkashin wani tsauni na duwatsu a kasar Zambiya, amma kuma ya ce magajin Msiri ya 'kama ya kashe dukkan Turawa a wannan balaguron'. A cikin 1998 mai zane [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|ɗan Kongo]] Tshibumba Kanda-Matulu ya ce: {{Blockquote|There can be little doubt, judging from various contemporary accounts, that his rule was arbitrary, vindictive, cruel, and despotic. He was a warlord who enslaved his neighbours and whose capital was surrounded by palisades on which hung the skulls of his enemies.<ref name="DACBFA"/>}} === Katanga bayan Msiri === Sojojin balaguron sun kashe da yawa daga cikin mutanen Msiri a ranar a Munema, kuma jama'a sun watse. Da sharadin ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin CFS, Stairs ya nada dan renon Msiri a matsayin shugaba a madadinsa amma na yanki da ya ragu sosai, ya maido da masarautun Wasanga wadanda Msiri ya hambarar da su shekaru 30 da suka gabata. Balaguron Matakan ya bar bayan makonni bakwai lokacin da wani balaguron CFS ( [[Bia Expedition|Batun Bia]] ) ya zo daga arewa. Ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai don kiyaye ingantaccen iko, kuma ya ƙaura zuwa gabashin Katanga. Hagu ba tare da wani sojojin CFS ba don kiyaye zaman lafiya, rikice-rikice da rashin zaman lafiya sun mamaye wuraren da Msiri ya bari na ɗan lokaci yayin da sarakunan suka yi yaƙi da juna, kuma Dan Crawford ya ƙaura zuwa tafkin Mweru kuma ya kafa manufa wanda Garanganze da yawa suka ƙaura don tserewa rikicin. Birtaniya ta yarda da mallakar Katanga na Free State na Kongo (gwamnatin da Leopold ya ba wa Compagnie du Katanga) kuma an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Anglo-Belgian a 1894. Kasuwancin bayi daga kudu maso gabashin Katanga zuwa tafkin Tanganyika ya ragu, ko da yake a Kongo 'Yancin Bautar da aka yi a Kongo kamar yadda jami'an sarki Leopold na biyu suka yi bai ƙare ba sai bayan da kasar Belgian ta kwace kasar a shekara ta 1908. Wasu daga cikin mutanen Garanganze sun koma Bunkeya kuma suka ci gaba da sarautar Garanganze wanda, duk da gudun hijira na cikin gida na wasu shekaru, yana ci gaba da yin amfani da sunan 'Mwami Mwenda' bayan sunan farko na Msiri, yana mulkin jama'a kusan 20,000. == Kimantawa == {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Mummunan hukunci === [[Fayil:Msiris_compound.jpg|thumb| ''Boma'' Msiri a Bunkeya. Abubuwan da ke saman sandunan nan huɗu, waɗanda aka tattara wasu mayaka na Msiri a ƙasa, shugabannin abokan gāba ne. Ƙarin kokon kai suna kan gungumen azaba suna samar da hannun jari. ]] An ce Msiri yana azabtar da makiyansa da sauran miyagu ta hanyar yankan kunne (yanke kunne), binne shi har wuyansa a bar shi da yunwa, ko kuma a rufe shi a cikin bukka don cin abincin karnuka. An aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ta hanyar fille kai, kamar yadda kawukan da aka ɗora akan sanduna suka shaida. Abin ban mamaki balaguron matakala ya yi wa Msiri da kansa (kuma gwamnatin Leopold a cikin Kongo Free State sun rataye kawuna da gawarwakin mazauna kauyuka a kan shinge a matsayin gargadi ga wasu abin da ya faru da wadanda ba su cika adadin roba ba). Babban birnin Msiri na Bunkeya da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye yana da yawan jama'a 60,000-80,000 a 1891. Shekara guda bayan mutuwar Msiri, 10,000-20,000 ne. A wannan yanki na Afirka mutane suna tarwatsewa cikin daji lokacin da aka yi musu barazana. Alal misali, David Livingstone ya ruwaito shekaru ashirin da suka shige cewa [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe VII Chinkonkole Kafuti]] ya zaluntar mutanensa har da yawa sun yi hijira, kuma da kyar ya iya tara mazaje 1000. A ci gaba da sabanin da Msiri, lokacin da makasan da Msiri da Tippu Tib suka aika suka ci gaba da kai hari kan boma, mutanen Chinkonkole Kafuti ba su gargade shi ba, amma sai suka ba shi mamaki. === Bayanin Arnot na Msiri === Daga cikin rubutattun asusun Msiri na zamani, duk sun kasance ta ko bisa asusun mutane a cikin albashin Leopold ko BSAC, banda Arnot da abokan aikinsa na mishan, mafi kusancin akwai masu lura da tsaka tsaki. Arnot ya kira Msiri a matsayin "mai gaskiya," kuma ya kafa dangantakar aiki tare da shi, tare da wani adadin mutunta juna. Msiri ya bai wa Arnot filin ya gina nasa bukka, ƙaramin asibiti, coci, da makaranta. Lokacin da Arnot ya koma Landan ya ɗauki ƙarin mishan uku don su je Msiri a Bunkeya. Littattafai na Arnot sun ce rayuwa a Bunkeya: {{Blockquote|...&nbsp;the quietness and peace that reigns is remarkable. The fear of Msidi is great. He is sharp and severe in his government, though I see or hear of nothing in the way of torture or cruelty ... executions are common, but death is inflicted at once ... [the cases] have been those of actual crime....<ref name="Arnot"/>}} === Rahoton The Stairs Expedition === Gidan yanar gizon maganganun siyasa yana ba da waɗannan azaman kalmomin ƙarshe na Omer Bodson: {{Blockquote|I don't mind dying now that I've killed Msiri. Thank God my death will not be in vain. I've delivered Africa from one of her most detestable tyrants.<br>— Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney.<ref>[http://www.politicalquotes.org/Quotedisplay.aspx?DocID=13222 "Omer Bodson, dying words to Military Doctor Moloney, 1892".] ''Eigen's Political & Historical Quotations''. Retrieved 10 February 2007.</ref>}} Moloney, likitan matattakalar balaguron balaguro, ya rubuta asusunsa lokacin da ya koma Landan a 1892. Sakamakon rubuce-rubucen maza irin su Livingstone, ra'ayin jama'a a Biritaniya ya fara yin yunƙurin yin gyare-gyare wanda ya amfanar da 'yan asalin daular Burtaniya. Moloney ya lura cewa Msiri yana da "masu neman gafara" a Landan. Sarki Leopold dole ne ya halasta da'awarsa ta Kwango Free State ta Katanga a ƙarƙashin [[Taron Berlin|ƙa'idar Tasirin Babban Taron Berlin]], don haka ana buƙatar hujja don kashe Msiri. An yi amfani da rahotannin The Stairs Expedition a Turai don jaddada kare kai a matsayin dalilin mutuwarsa, tare da ikirarin cewa shi azzalumi ne mai kishin jini. Maganar Moloney ta Bodson na ban mamaki kalmomi masu mutuwa sun taimaka a wannan fannin. Tambayar ita ce ko ana bayyana Msiri a matsayin azzalumi mai kishin jini tun kafin a kashe shi, a lokacin da mahukuntan masarauta ke neman sa hannun sa kan wata yarjejeniya. == Duba kuma == * William Grant Stairs ** Balaguron Matakala * Mulkin Yeke * Yau mutane * Lardin Katanga * Kasar Congo Free State * Maria de Fonseca * Alfred Sharpe * Omer Bodson * Joseph Moloney * Christian de Bonchamps * Congo Pedicle * [[Taron Berlin|1884-85 Taron Berlin]] * [[Kazembe|Mwata Kazembe]] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929144902/http://www.kingmsiri.com/fr/kings/king1.htm ''Mwami Msiri, Sarkin Garanganze'' .] Shafin yanar gizo na magadan Msiri a matsayin sarakunan mutanen Garanganze. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4iqmotd9eby7r6k6fjt2xssxbc93ft2 0 107785 892947 837083 2026-08-08T10:52:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick Reinsborough''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1972) ɗan gwagwarmayar Amurka ne, marubuci, masanin canjin zamantakewa kuma mai aiki. Shi ne co-marubucin Re:Imagining Change: Yadda za a Yi amfani da dabarun da suka danganci Labari don cin nasarar Kamfen, Gina Motsi da Canja Duniya ([[PM Press]], 2010/2017) kuma mai ba da gudummawa ga tarihin motsi na zamantakewa ciki har da Globalize Liberation: Yadda za'a Tushen Tsarin da Gina Duniya mafi Kyau (City Lights, 2004) da Kyakkyawan Matsala: Akwatin Kayan Kayan Kwarewa don Juyin Juya Halin ([[OR Books|OR Littattafai]], 2012). [[Fayil:Decolonizing_the_Revolutionary_Imagination_Zine_Cover_2003.png|thumb|393x393px|Asalin murfin 2003 na Decolonizing the Revolutionary Imagination zine . An sake shi a karkashin "mai adawa da haƙƙin mallaka" kuma an sake buga shi a ko'ina ciki har da a cikin tarihin Globalize Liberation . An sake buga rubutun a ko'ina kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin bincike daban-daban na ilimi da kuma al'adun gargajiya na zamanin ciki har da littafin Jenny Fran Davis Everything Must Go . ]] == Shirye-shiryen ba da labari == Rubuce-rubucen Reinsborough da aikin siyasa suna hulɗa da gina ƙungiyoyin canji, sauya labaran al'adu da tunanin siyasa tare da mai da hankali kan rikicin muhalli.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reinsborough |first=Patrick |date=November 2010 |title=Giant Whispers: Narrative Power, Radical Imagination and a Future Worth Fighting For... |url=https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/affinities/article/view/6140 |journal=Affinities: A Journal of Radical Theory, Culture, and Action |volume=4 |via=RefWorks}}</ref> Ya rubuta rubutun / jaridar da aka rarraba "Decolonizing the Revolutionary Imagination".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Journal of Aesthetics & Protest |url=http://www.joaap.org/1/de_colonizing/index.html |access-date=2018-04-06 |website=www.joaap.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Decolonizing the Revolutionary Imagination... {{!}} Environmental Research Foundation |url=http://www.rachel.org/?q=en/node/3665 |access-date=2018-04-06 |website=www.rachel.org |language=en |archive-date=2018-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406102235/http://www.rachel.org/?q=en/node/3665 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kasance memba ne na kafa Smartmeme Strategy & Training Project, wanda ya fara a 2002 horar da masu gwagwarmayar gari don amfani da ka'idar meme a matsayin hanyar canza muhawara ta siyasa, fadada kokarin canjin zamantakewa da "canja labarin. "<ref>{{Cite web |last=Farrell |first=Bryan |date=February 21, 2011 |title=SmartMeme pioneers social change storytelling |url=https://wagingnonviolence.org/2011/02/smartmeme-pioneers-social-change-storytelling/ |access-date=September 13, 2017 |website=Waging Nonviolence}}</ref> Reinsborough yana daya daga cikin masu kirkirar tsarin dabarun da ke da tushe a cikin labarin kuma yana da alaƙa da tsarin canjin zamantakewar da aka yi amfani da shi sosai kamar "bincike na ikon ba da labari", "maɓallan shiga tsakani, da kuma "yaƙin labarin". <ref>{{Cite web |last=VanDeCarr |first=Paul |date=December 30, 2010 |title=Inside Stories Podcast 27: Patrick Reinsborough of smartMeme |url=http://www.insidestoriesonline.com/2010_12_01_archive.html |access-date=September 20, 2017 |website=Inside Stories |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035112/http://www.insidestoriesonline.com/2010_12_01_archive.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Erler |first=Carolyn |date=Spring 2009 |title=Memory and Erasure: Applying Visual Narrative Power Analysis to the Image War Between Dow Chemical Corporation and the International Campaign for Justice in Bhopal |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/be0c3f5496b42713c678f9992866031d/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=40077 |journal=Journal of Cultural Research in Art Education |volume=27 |pages=42–62 |id={{ProQuest|<!-- Add ProQuest data here -->}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reinsborough |first=Patrick |last2=Canning |first2=Doyle |date=November 17, 2017 |title=The best way to fight Trump is to challenge his narrative |url=https://wagingnonviolence.org/2017/11/fight-trump-challenge-his-narrative/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reinsborough |first=Patrick |date=August 2023 |title=Commons Library: Points of Intervention |url=https://commonslibrary.org/points-of-intervention/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Engler |first=Mark |last2=Engler |first2=Paul |date=August 9, 2024 |title=How to make sure your disruptive protest helps your cause |url=https://wagingnonviolence.org/2024/08/how-to-make-sure-disruptive-protest-helps-cause/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 16, 2008 |title=Our Storied Future |url=https://orionmagazine.org/article/our-storied-future/ |access-date=September 18, 2017 |website=Orion Magazine}}</ref> Ya kafa kuma ya kasance babban darakta na Cibiyar Shirye-shiryen Labari.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Center for Story-based Strategy - KeyWiki |url=http://keywiki.org/Center_for_Story-based_Strategy |access-date=2018-02-05 |website=keywiki.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools in Action: Center for Story-Based Strategy {{!}} Social Transformation Project |url=http://stproject.org/from-the-field/tools-action-center-story-based-strategy/ |access-date=2018-02-05 |website=stproject.org |language=en-US |archive-date=2018-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205130426/http://stproject.org/from-the-field/tools-action-center-story-based-strategy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Yunkurin adalci na duniya == Reinsborough ya kasance fitaccen mai shirya, mai horar da kuma mai magana da yawun kafofin watsa labarai ga reshen Amurka na ƙungiyar adawa da kamfanoni ta duniya da aka fi sani da ƙungiyar adalci ta duniya <ref>{{Cite web |title=IMF World Bank Protests Wrap, Apr 17 2000 |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?156615-1/imf-world-bank-protests-wrap |access-date=2018-02-05 |website=C-SPAN.org |language=en-US |format=Video}}</ref> kuma ya shiga cikin manyan ayyuka kamar rufewar Kungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya a cikin ayyukan 1999 a kan [[Bankin Duniya]] da Asusun Kuɗi na Duniya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=IMF World Bank Meeting Protest, Sep 3 2002 |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?172394-1/imfworld-bank-meeting-protest |access-date=2018-02-05 |website=C-SPAN.org |language=en-US |format=Video}}</ref> Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya da zanga-zangar da aka yi wa Yankin Ciniki na Amurka a Miami a 2003. == Masu adawa da yaki == Ya kasance muryar jama'a game da militarism na Amurka kuma ya yi kira ga jama'ar Amurka da su shiga cikin rikice-rikice ba tare da tashin hankali ba don dakatar da yaƙe-yaƙe. Ya kasance mai shirya yaki da yaƙi kuma mai dabarun kafofin watsa labarai yana aiki tare da San Francisco-based Direct Action to Stop the War, wanda ya jagoranci zanga-zangar jama'a game da mamayar Amurka ta 2003 a Iraki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chicago Indymedia: From Piece Movement to Peace Movement: San Francisco Self-Organizes to Implode Empire |url=http://chicago.indymedia.org/archive/newswire/display/76316/index.php |access-date=2018-04-06 |website=chicago.indymedia.org |language=en}}</ref> Ya goyi bayan tsoffin sojan Iraki da ke adawa da yaki kuma ya ba da shawarar yin alaƙa tsakanin adawa da yaƙi da sauran batutuwa kamar adalci na launin fata da tattalin arziki, ikon kamfanoni da rikicin yanayi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Patrick Reinsborough, "Connecting the Imperial Dots" {{!}} InterActivist Info Exchange |url=http://dev.autonomedia.org/node/2297 |access-date=2018-02-05 |website=dev.autonomedia.org |archive-date=2018-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205130224/http://dev.autonomedia.org/node/2297 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Muhalli, yanayi da 'yancin' yan asalin ƙasar == Reinsborough an haɗa shi da kamfen da yawa da ke kalubalantar haƙƙin ɗan adam da tasirin muhalli na man fetur da kuma neman ƙarin mataki don [[Rage canjin yanayi|magance canjin yanayi]] da tallafawa haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Ya taimaka wajen shirya kamfen na hadin kai na kasa da kasa don tallafawa 'yan asalin U'wa na Colombia, wadanda suka yi barazanar kashe kansu don nuna rashin amincewa da hako mai a yankunan kakanninsu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colombia's U'Wa People: The Real Price of Oil |url=https://nacla.org/article/colombias-uwa-people-real-price-oil |access-date=2018-02-05 |website=NACLA |language=en |archive-date=2018-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205184526/https://nacla.org/article/colombias-uwa-people-real-price-oil |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=Autumn 2002 |title=Victory for the Uwa |url=http://www.reclaimingquarterly.org/88/rq-88-uwavictory.html |website=Reclaiming Quarterly}}</ref> Reinsborough ya ambaci sau da yawa ƙungiyar Zapatista ta asali ta Mexico a matsayin wahayi ga tunaninsa da aikin siyasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Knasnabish |first=Alex |date=2007 |title=Insurgent Imaginations |url=http://www.ephemerajournal.org/sites/default/files/7-4khasnabish.pdf |journal=Ephemera |volume=7 |pages=505–525 |access-date=2025-07-25 |archive-date=2024-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617181749/https://ephemerajournal.org/sites/default/files/7-4khasnabish.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Patrick Reinsborough – KeyWiki |url=https://keywiki.org/Patrick_Reinsborough |access-date=2021-06-22 |website=keywiki.org}}</ref> Ya goyi bayan zanga-zangar a cikin Tattaunawar Yanayi ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta COP wacce ke sukar gazawar tsarin magance rikicin yanayi <ref>{{Cite web |date=Nov 19, 2019 |title=Climate Justice: The Copenhagen Moment |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m4fP_DNu0C8 |website=YouTube}}</ref> da kuma aiki don fadada muryoyin shugabannin 'yan asalin Arewacin Amurka da ke shiga taron Majalisar Dinkinobho. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Now! |first=Democracy |date=2010-12-15 |title=Civil Society Groups Protest Exclusion from U.N. Climate Summit, Photojournalist Detained and Beaten |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/democracy-now/iced-out-of-global-warmin_b_796125.html |access-date=2018-02-05 |website=Huffington Post |language=en-US}}</ref> Reinsborough mai goyon bayan adalci ne na yanayi musamman yana ba da shawara ga yunkurin yanayi mai zurfi wanda ke karɓar jagoranci mai ƙarfi daga al'ummomin da ke fama da burbushin burbushin halittu a matsayin hanyar hanzarta sauyawa mai kyau zuwa makamashi mai sabuntawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moe |first=Kristin |date=June 21, 2014 |title=Yes! Magazine The Storytelling Issue: In Depth |url=https://www.yesmagazine.org/issue/storytelling/2014/06/21/first-he-came-out-undocumented-gay-lgbt-dreamers-immigration}}</ref> Ya kasance mai sukar Gwamnatin Trump, yana kiransu "Neo-Fascist" da kuma magoya bayan "mai na duniya". == Labaran Apocalyptic da COVID == Ayyukan Reinsborough sau da yawa suna magana ne game da labaran apocalyptic, gami da ƙirƙirar kalmar nan "slow-motion apocalypse" don bayyana martani na jama'a ga rikicin muhalli na duniya. A lokacin annobar COVID a cikin 2020 ya yi jerin watsa shirye-shirye wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci ta [[California]] ta tallafawa game da rawar da labaran apocalyptic ke takawa wajen tsara maganganun siyasa game da rikice-rikicen tsarin da annobar ta bayyana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CIIS Public Programs Podcast |url=https://www.ciispod.com/ |access-date=2021-06-22 |website=CIIS Public Programs Podcast |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kalubale ga labaran da suka fi dacewa da inganta canjin tsarin == Tsakanin aikin Reinsborough da maganganun jama'a shine ra'ayin cewa dole ne ƙungiyoyi su shiga tsakani a cikin manyan labaran don canza abin da ake la'akari da yiwuwar siyasa. Wannan ya haɗa da kalubalanci "ƙididdigar sarrafawa" waɗanda galibi ana amfani da su don ware ƙoƙarin yin canjin tsarin, kamar ra'ayin cewa "kasuwar za ta cece mu" ko "fasahar za ta ceɓe mu". <ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reinsborough |first=Patrick |date=October 31, 2010 |title=Convergence: Cutting Edge Communications |url=https://convergencemag.com/articles/cutting-edge-communications |access-date=July 25, 2025 |archive-date=May 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515003102/https://convergencemag.com/articles/cutting-edge-communications/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar sababbin kalmomi Marsification da Marsify don yin ba'a da mulkin mallaka na sararin samaniya da kuma sukar greenwashing "techno-fixes. Reinsborough ya kira tsarin tattalin arzikinmu na yanzu "tattalin tattalin arziki na ƙarshe" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau of Linguistically Reality |date=August 2022 |title=Marsification, Marsify |url=https://bureauoflinguisticalreality.com/portfolio/marsify-verb/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reinsborough |first=Patrick |date=July 2024 |title=Marsification: neologism as intervention |url=https://www.patrickreinsborough.com/marsification-neologism-as-intervention/}}</ref> kuma ya ba da shawara don taimakawa wajen gina ƙungiyoyin canji.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winters |first=Ben |date=April 30, 2001 |title=In these Times: Camp Ruckus |url=https://inthesetimes.com/issue/25/11/winters2511.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reinsborough |first=Patrick |date=May 2003 |title=De-Colonizing the Revolutionary Imagination: Value Crisis, the Politics of Reality and why there's Going to be a Common Sense Revolution in this Generation |url=https://www.patrickreinsborough.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/De-ColonizingRevolutionaryImagination.pd }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reinsborough |first=Patrick |date=July 2024 |title=Commons Library: Narrating Change During Psychic Breaks |url=https://commonslibrary.org/narrating-change-during-psychic-breaks/}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] 5r65bdlp5qu1un7ne1odjyciok8mg50 0 108358 892632 839819 2026-08-07T18:40:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tyre Extinguishers''' kungiya ce ta kasa da kasa da ke aiki kai tsaye wanda ke kashe tayoyin a kan Motocin motsa jiki (SUVs). Kungiyar ta bayyana tuki na SUV a matsayin "daga cikin mafi munin ayyukan da mutum zai iya ɗauka dangane da tasirin yanayi da mummunan tasirinsa akan lafiyar jama'a", tare da SUVs da ke da tasiri mai yawa a kan rikicin yanayi dangane da wasu motoci, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cozzi |first=Laura |last2=Petropoulos |first2=Apostolos |date=15 January 2021 |title=Carbon emissions fell across all sectors in 2020 except for one – SUVs |url=https://www.iea.org/commentaries/carbon-emissions-fell-across-all-sectors-in-2020-except-for-one-suvs |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=IEA}}</ref> wanda ke kara gurɓata iska kuma yana iya kashe masu tafiya fiye da ƙananan Motocin sedan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Are You Doing This? |url=https://tyreextinguishers.com/why-are-you-doing-this |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=Tyre Extinguishers |language=en}}</ref> Kungiyar ta yi kira ga haramta SUVs a cikin birane, kuma ta ce "suna sa ba zai yiwu a mallaki babbar gurbataccen 4x4 a cikin biranen duniya ba". Kungiyar ta ba da shawarar saka wani yanki na dutse, lentil ko wani karamin abu don rage pin a kan bawul na taya ta SUV, don taya ta ragu a hankali a tsawon lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How To Deflate An SUV Tyre |url=https://tyreextinguishers.com/how-to-deflate-an-suv-tyre |access-date=2 June 2023 |website=Tyre Extinguishers}}</ref> Masu fafutuka suna barin takardu a ƙarƙashin masu goge gilashin iska na motocin "don mai shi ya san cewa motar ba za a iya amfani da ita ba kuma ya sami bayani game da dalilin da ya sa aka yi wannan. "<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Douglas |date=2022-05-22 |title=Who Are the Tyre Extinguishers? The Climate Activists Sabotaging SUVs |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/who-are-the-tyre-extinguishers/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=Vice.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How To Deflate An SUV Tyre |url=https://tyreextinguishers.com/how-to-deflate-an-suv-tyre |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=Tyre Extinguishers |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Tsakanin 7 Maris 2022 da Yuli 2022, kungiyar ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta kashe fiye da tayoyin SUV 5000 a duk duniya, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-20 |title=Meet the climate activists deflating tyres to stop SUV ownership |url=https://www.channel4.com/news/meet-the-climate-activists-deflating-tyres-to-stop-suv-ownership |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=Channel 4 News |language=en-GB}}</ref> gami da yankunan London, Cambridge, Brighton da Hove, Bristol, Edinburgh, Liverpool da Sheffield, birnin Zurich na Switzerland, biranen Jamus na Essen da Dortmund, birnin Gothenburg, a cikin biranen New Zealand na Auckland, Christchurch da Wellington, da kuma Los Angeles. {{Refn|{{efn|{{cite web |date=4 March 2022 |title=Climate activists deflate SUV tyres in wealthy London neighbourhoods |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/mar/04/climate-activists-deflate-suv-tyres-in-wealthy-london-neighbourhoods |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=The Guardian}}}}{{efn|{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Barney |date=8 March 2022 |title=Eco-warriors deflate SUV tyres in Chelsea, Primrose Hill and Dulwich |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/the-tyre-extinguishers-suv-chelsea-primrose-hill-kensington-climate-protestors-b986677.html |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=www.standard.co.uk}}}}{{efn|{{cite web |date=8 March 2022 |title=Climate activists have deflated hundreds of SUV tyres in affluent areas across the UK |url=https://www.bigissue.com/news/environment/climate-activists-have-deflated-hundreds-of-suv-tyres-in-affluent-areas-across-the-uk/ |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=The Big Issue}}}}{{efn|{{cite news |date=8 March 2022 |title=Tyre Extinguishers: Scores of SUVs have tyres deflated by activists |newspaper=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-60660711 |access-date=2022-03-18}}}}{{efn|{{cite web |title=Climate activists deflating car tyres in carbon emissions protest |url=https://www.theargus.co.uk/news/19977286.climate-activists-deflate-tyres-brighton-cars-protest/ |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=The Argus}}}}{{efn|{{Cite news |title=Climate activists let down SUV tyres across Britain in 'gas guzzler' protest |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/transport/article/climate-protesters-let-down-suv-tyres-across-britain-0x736tt0t}}}}{{efn|{{cite web |last1=Streeting |first1=Louisa |date=8 March 2022 |title=Climate activists deflate hundreds of SUV tyres in the night |url=https://www.bristolpost.co.uk/news/bristol-news/tyre-extinguishers-target-bristol-suvs-6769297 |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=Bristol Post}}}}{{efn|{{cite web |last1=Shepherd |first1=Jordan |date=10 March 2022 |title=Tyre-deflating eco-warriors say driving a gas-guzzling SUV is 'racist' |url=https://www.scottishdailyexpress.co.uk/news/uk-news/tyre-deflating-eco-warriors-edinburgh-26429680 |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=scottishdailyexpress}}}}{{efn|{{cite web |title=New group of activists are targeting 'well to-do' areas of Yorkshire - by letting down tyres |url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/people/new-group-of-activists-are-targeting-well-to-do-areas-of-yorkshire-3603000 |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=www.yorkshirepost.co.uk}}}}{{efn|{{cite web |last1=Flood |first1=Rebecca |date=9 March 2022 |title=Eco-warriors targeting SUVs by deflating tires claim to have struck in L.A. |url=https://www.newsweek.com/deflate-tire-suv-car-eco-warrior-target-l-viral-1686405 |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=Newsweek}}}}{{efn|name=:1|{{cite web |title=Identity appeal after car tyres deflated in Brighton and Hove |url=https://www.sussex.police.uk/news/sussex/news/witness-appeals/identity-appeal-after-car-tyres-deflated-in-brighton-and-hove/ |publisher=Sussex Police |access-date=15 April 2022}}}}{{efn|{{cite web|access-date=2022-04-12|title=Tyre Extinguishers go global as activists vow to make owning SUVs 'impossible'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/tyre-extinguishers-suv-global-b2043124.html|date=24 March 2022|website=The Independent}}}}{{efn|{{Cite web |title=Zurich - Climate activists deflate SUV tires - 20 minutes - 247newsbulletin |url=https://247newsbulletin.news/politics/269344.html |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=247newsbulletin.news |archive-date=2022-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412181024/https://247newsbulletin.news/politics/269344.html |url-status=dead }}}}{{efn|name="bbc-april"|{{cite news|access-date=2022-04-12|title=Activists deflate tyres on SUVs in Edinburgh|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-61067183|newspaper=BBC News|date=11 April 2022}}}}{{efn|{{cite web|access-date=2022-04-12|title='Tyre Extinguishers' climate activists deflate the tyres of SUVs in Edinburgh|url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/tyre-extinguishers-climate-activists-deflate-the-tyres-of-su-vs-in-edinburgh-163256151.html|website=uk.news.yahoo.com}}}}{{efn|{{Cite web |last=Keane |first=Daniel |date=2022-04-22 |title=London climate activists deflate tyres on 120 SUVs |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/tyre-extinguishers-deflate-suvs-london-kensington-paddington-hampstead-primrose-hill-b995835.html |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=Evening Standard}}}}{{efn|{{Cite web |last=Sigodo |first=Melissa |date=2022-04-22 |title=Climate activists boast their 'biggest night' as they deflate tyres on 120 cars |url=https://www.mylondon.news/news/uk-world-news/climate-activists-boast-biggest-night-23759154 |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=MyLondon}}}}{{efn|{{Cite web |title=Tyre Extinguishers in New Zealand spread as Christchurch SUVs hit |url=http://www.voxy.co.nz/national/5/402344 |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=www.voxy.co.nz |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516103934/http://www.voxy.co.nz/national/5/402344 |url-status=dead }}}}{{efn|{{Cite web |last=Strang |first=Ben |date=2022-06-02 |title=Police tracking climate activists after tampering with car, causing near miss |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/news/wellington/128838319/police-tracking-climate-activists-after-tampering-with-car-causing-near-miss |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=Stuff |language=en}}}}{{efn|{{cite web|access-date=2022-05-09 |title=Climate action group claims responsibility for deflated Auckland tyres |website=[[1News]] |date=2022-05-06 |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/05/06/climate-action-group-claims-responsibility-for-deflated-auckland-tyres/ }}}}{{efn|{{Cite web |title=Klimataktivister i stort däcksabotage i Göteborg |url=https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/klimat/klimataktivister-i-stort-dacksabotage-i-goteborg/ |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=www.expressen.se |language=sv}}}}{{efn|{{Cite web |title=Tyre Extinguishers' actions 'amount to harassment' says councillor as same vehicles targeted again |url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/crime/edinburgh-tyre-extinguishers-deflate-tyres-of-20-vehicles-in-bruntsfield-in-latest-spree-3713237 |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com |language=en}}}}}} An kafa kungiyoyi masu yawa na Tyre Extinguishers a cikin biranen Scotland ciki har da Dundee (The Dundeeflators) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Keith |first=Jake |title=Eco vandals strike again in Dundee as tyres on 20 cars deflated overnight |url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/3339369/tyre-extinguishers-dundee-suvs-craigiebank/ |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=The Courier |language=en-GB}}</ref> da [[Glasgow]] (The Deflationists), <ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Craig |date=2022-06-01 |title=Glasgow wealthy areas targeted as climate activists let down 70 SUV tyres |url=https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/news/glasgow-news/glasgow-wealthy-areas-targeted-climate-24118328 |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=GlasgowLive |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-01 |title=Rival climate groups deflate SUV tyres in Glasgow and Edinburgh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jun/01/deflationists-tyre-extinguishers-climate-groups-deflate-suv-tyres-glasgow-edinburgh |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-27 |title='Reckless' eco vandals deflate car tyres in crusade against SUVs |url=https://news.stv.tv/north/eco-vandals-tyre-extinguishers-claim-responsibility-for-deflation-of-suv-tyres-in-dundee |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=STV News |language=en-GB}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2022, ayyukan kungiyar a Amurka sun faru ne a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-01 |title=Climate activists deflate tires on 40 SUVs in NYC, cops seeking suspects |url=https://nypost.com/2022/07/01/climate-activists-deflate-tires-on-40-suvs-in-nyc/ |access-date=2022-07-09 |website=New York Post |language=en-US}}</ref> Chicago, Scranton, Pennsylvania <ref>{{Cite web |title=News |url=https://www.tyreextinguishers.com/news?slug=20-suvs-deflated-in-chicago-in-first-american-midwest-action |access-date=2022-07-09 |website=Tyre Extinguishers |language=en}}</ref> da San Francisco Bay Area. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cano |first=Ricardo |date=2022-07-07 |title='Your gas guzzler kills': Bay Area drivers' SUV tires deflated by apparent climate activists |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Your-gas-guzzler-kills-Bay-Area-woman-s-17291033.php |access-date=2022-07-09 |website=San Francisco Chronicle |language=en-US}}</ref> Kungiyar ta yi ikirarin ayyukanta na farko a Kanada (Waterloo, Ontario) da Faransa ([[Faris|Paris]]) a wannan watan. <ref>{{Cite web |title='Your gas guzzler kills': Environmental group says it deflated tires on Kitchener SUVs {{!}} Globalnews.ca |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8997655/environmental-group-deflates-tires-suvs-kitchener/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=Global News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=News |url=https://www.tyreextinguishers.com/news?slug=first-action-in-france-and-more-action-in-wellington-new-zealand-and-gothenburg-sweden |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=Tyre Extinguishers |language=en}}</ref> A wata dare a watan Satumbar 2022, kungiyar ta kashe tayoyi a kan SUV sama da 600 a Burtaniya, Faransa, Jamus, Switzerland, Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Jamhuriyar Czech da Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-07 |title=Tyre Extinguishers claim more than 600 SUVs 'disarmed' in one night |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/sep/07/tyre-extinguishers-claim-more-than-600-suvs-disarmed-in-one-night |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Kungiyar ta yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan su ne ayyukanta na farko a Denmark, Norway da Jamhuriyar Czech.<ref>{{Cite web |title=News |url=https://www.tyreextinguishers.com/news?slug=600-suvs-deflated-in-nine-countries-in-worldwide-night-of-action-against-climate-wrecking-vehicles |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=Tyre Extinguishers |language=en}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2022, kungiyar ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta kai ga burinta na farko na SUV 10,000 da aka kashe tun watan Maris na shekara ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=News |url=https://www.tyreextinguishers.com/news?slug=tyre-extinguishers-hit-target-of-10000-suvs-disarmed-worldwide |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=Tyre Extinguishers |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=NacióSantCugat |title=Els ecologistes "Tyre Extinguishers" reivindiquen haver actuat a Sant Cugat |url=https://www.naciodigital.cat/santcugat/noticia/8717/ecologistes-tyre-extinguishers-sant-cugat |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=www.naciodigital.cat |language=ca}}</ref> Kungiyar ta bayyana Ostiraliya a matsayin "babban burinta na gaba" a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2023. A watan Agustan 2023 Tyre Extinguishers sun yi ikirarin alhakin "kwayar halitta mai zaman kanta" na ƙungiyarsu wacce ta yi amfani da motsa jiki na wutar lantarki don fashe taya na fiye da 60 SUVs a wani dillalin mota a Exeter, Ingila. Kungiyar ta bayyana aikin a matsayin "ƙaruwar da ake bukata", da kuma ramuwar gayya ga wani abin da ya faru a watan da ya gabata inda Land Rover ya karya shinge kuma ya kashe yara biyu. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2023, kungiyar ta sanar da aikinta na farko a [[Riga]], Latvia, tana mai da'awar cewa wannan ita ce kasa ta 20 tare da kungiyoyin Tyre Extinguisher masu aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Environment activists' deflate car tires in Rīga |url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/society/crime/19.10.2023-environment-activists-deflate-car-tires-in-riga.a528356/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=eng.lsm.lv |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=News |url=https://www.tyreextinguishers.com/news?slug=200-suvs-deflated-in-four-countries-as-suvs-halt-emissions-decline |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Tyre Extinguishers |language=en}}</ref> == Shirye-shiryen == Sunan "Tyre Extinguishers" ya fara bayyana a cikin 2021, amma ayyukan kungiyar ba su fara ba har zuwa Maris 2022.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Douglas |date=2022-05-22 |title=Who Are the Tyre Extinguishers? The Climate Activists Sabotaging SUVs |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/who-are-the-tyre-extinguishers/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=Vice.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2007, wata kungiya ta Sweden da ake kira "The Indians of the Asphalt Jungle" ta rungumi wannan dabarar, ta kashe SUV sama da 1,500 (bisa ga lambobinta) kuma, kamar yadda Mataimakin ya ruwaito, "taimaka don aika da ci gaban yawanci na tallace-tallace na SUV na cikin gida zuwa wani abu mai ban mamaki<ref name=":0" /> Masana kimiyya na Jami'ar Aston Oscar Berglund da Graeme Hayes sun bayyana kungiyar a matsayin "motsi na yanayi," saboda girmamawar kungiyar kan mutane ko kananan kungiyoyi da ke daukar mataki a duk inda suke amfani da kayan a shafin yanar gizon Tyre Extinguishers, maimakon tsarin da ya fi dacewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hayes |first=Graeme |last2=Berglund |first2=Oscar |title=Tyre Extinguishers: activists are deflating SUV tyres in the latest pop-up climate movement |url=http://theconversation.com/tyre-extinguishers-activists-are-deflating-suv-tyres-in-the-latest-pop-up-climate-movement-178911 |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=The Conversation}}</ref> Farfesa na Jami'ar Lund Andreas Malm (wanda littafinsa How to Blow Up a Pipeline ya yi jayayya da goyon bayan sabotage na kayan aikin man fetur na burbushin halittu a matsayin wani nau'i na gwagwarmayar muhalli, kuma wanda Tyre Extinguishers suka ambata a matsayin wahayi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Childs |first=Simon |last2=selimbulut |date=2022-08-11 |title=Tyre Extinguishers: direct action group deflating climate change |url=https://www.rollingstone.co.uk/politics/features/tyre-extinguishers-suv-4x4-climate-action-campaign-21323/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=Rolling Stone UK |language=en-GB}}</ref>) ya kira ayyukan kungiyar wani nau'in "mai zaman lafiya da tawali'u sabotage ba zai iya lalata SUV ba: kusan tsarin yara ba, babu kudade, babu kayan aiki mai sauƙi ba tare da ake amfani da ba.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2022-04-19 |title=Andreas Malm introduces Verso's new free ebook, Property Will Cost Us the Earth |url=https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/5322-andreas-malm-introduces-verso-s-new-free-ebook-property-will-cost-us-the-earth |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=Versobooks.com}}</ref> Ƙungiyoyi daban-daban sun fara amfani da irin wannan dabarun, kamar ƙungiyar da ake kira Reclaim Our Communities a [[Bristol]], Burtaniya, wanda ya kashe tayoyi a kan fiye da 100 SUVs da 4x4s a cikin birni a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cork |first=Tristan |date=2023-10-20 |title=Tyres deflated on more than 100 SUVs and 4x4s in Bristol overnight |url=https://www.bristolpost.co.uk/news/bristol-news/tyres-deflated-more-100-suvs-8845965 |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Bristol Live |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> 2vceyvpowhocdesr00hw16rajm4b3dq 0 108494 892754 846437 2026-08-08T05:58:17Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 892754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abokan Duniya''' (FoE) Ostiraliya ƙungiya ce ta ƙungiyoyin gida masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke aiki don daidaitaccen zamantakewa da dorewar muhalli nan gaba. Ya yi imanin cewa bin kariyar muhalli ba shi da bambanci da manyan matsalolin zamantakewa, kuma a sakamakon haka yana amfani da yanayin adalci na muhalli a cikin yakin sa. An kafa shi a cikin 1974 [1] kuma memba ne na Ostiraliya na Abokan Duniya na Duniya.<ref>Walker, Cam (26 August 2019). "30 years of creative resistance". The Commons Social Change Library. Retrieved 23 October 2023</ref> == Matsalolin yakin neman zabe == Abokan Duniya suna la'akari da al'amuran muhalli a cikin zamantakewa, siyasa da haƙƙin ɗan adam. Kamfen nasu ya wuce fagen al'ada na ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa da neman magance tattalin arziki, adalci na zamantakewa da ci gaban abubuwan dorewa. Kamfen na ƙasa na yanzu da ayyukan FoEA sune: == Adalci na yanayi == Halin adalci na yanayi yana magance ɗumamar yanayi ta hanyar kallon wanda [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]] ya cutar da shi, da kuma yadda, da kuma wanda ke da alhakin fitar da hayaki da ya haifar da dumamar yanayi. A zahiri wannan yana nufin FoEA yaƙin neman zaɓe ga Ostiraliya don rage fitar da iskar carbon zuwa matakin 'daidaituwar duniya' yayin da kuma ta yarda da karɓar adadin 'yan gudun hijirar yanayi'. A cikin 2009 ta ƙaddamar da Ƙungiyar Haɗin kai don Matsugunin Yanayi tare da faɗaɗa aikin yaƙin neman zaɓen zuwa ayyukan da aka kafa a jahohin da ke adawa da faɗaɗa hakar kwal da fitarwa zuwa ketare. Babban abin da ya fi mayar da hankali a yanzu na yaƙin neman zaɓen yanayi shine adawa da faɗaɗa dogaro da Ostiraliya akan kwal da haɓaka ƙaura zuwa ƙananan hanyoyin samar da makamashi.<ref>Rooney, Millie (1 June 2022). "'Always look up': Connecting Community for a Win against Gas". The Commons Social Change Library. Retrieved 23 October 2023.</ref> == Anti-nukiliya == Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, FoEA ta yi yaƙi da duk wani nau'i na sake zagayowar makamashin nukiliya. Ƙungiyar ACE Anti-Nuclear Collective ita ce yaƙin neman zaɓe mafi dadewa na ci gaba da gudana a FoEA, kuma ya yi aiki sama da shekaru arba'in yana bincike, ilmantarwa da kuma yin kamfen sosai kan batutuwan nukiliya. A halin yanzu wannan ya haɗa da yaƙi da zubar da sharar rediyo da aka tsara don Kudancin Ostiraliya da kuma rufe duk ma'adinan Uranium da ake da su, gami da ma'adinin Dam ɗin Olympic a Roxby Downs a Kudancin Ostiraliya. Mai gudanar da yakin neman zabe na kasa shi ne Jim Green. === Nanotechnology === FoEA na kira da a dakatar da bincike, haɓakawa da samar da nanoproducts na roba yayin da aka ƙera ka'idoji don kare lafiya da amincin ma'aikata, jama'a da muhalli daga tasirin nanotechnology.<ref>Nanotechnology Project". Friends of the Earth Australia. Retrieved 21 September 2010.</ref> Sinadaran FoEA na yaƙin neman zaɓe akan batutuwan da suka shafi sinadarai na masana'antu, musamman amfani da Bisphenol A a cikin samfuran mabukaci da kuma amfani da magungunan kashe qwari a wuraren ruwan sha. === Abinci mai dorewa === Shirin Abinci da Noma Mai Dorewa na FoEA yana magance batutuwan adalci na zamantakewa da dorewar muhalli a tsarin abinci da noma na zamani. === Ƙasar ƴan ƙasa da haƙƙoƙinsu === Ƙungiyoyin FoE da yawa na gida suna aiki tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da al'ummomin Yan Asalin. FoE tana aiki a matsayin sakatariya na Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Nukiliya ta Australiya (ANFA). Baya ga ƙarin yaƙin neman zaɓe na al'ada, ƙungiyoyin FoE da dama suna gudanar da kasuwanci da sauran ayyukan da ke aiki a matsayin misalai masu amfani na kasuwanci mai dorewa. A cikin 1999 FoE [[Brisbane]] ta ƙaddamar da cibiyar sake amfani da shara na Reverse, wanda ke gano amfanin al'umma don zubar da masana'antu wanda in ba haka ba zai je wurin shara. Juyin Keke (wanda ke nemowa da gyara tsofaffin kekunan turawa) shima yana aiki daga FoE Brisbane. FoE a [[Melbourne]] ta kasance tana gudanar da babban haɗin gwiwar abinci da kantin sayar da littattafai sama da shekaru ashirin da kuma, kwanan nan[yaushe?] kantin sayar da abinci.<ref>Food Co-op". Friends of the Earth Melbourne. Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref> == Tallafawa == Ƙungiyoyin gida suna samar da kuɗin kansu. Kamfen na ƙasa da ayyuka sun dogara da gudummawar mutum ɗaya, tushe, kayayyaki, da wasiyya. FoE Ostiraliya a halin yanzu ba ta samun tallafin gwamnati ko na kamfani. == Siyasa da suka == FoE Ostiraliya tana zaune a gefen hagu na bakan siyasa. Duk da yake ƙungiyar 'koloniya' kore ce, tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin. Yana son yin aiki daga tsarin siyasa na asali, wanda ke nufin yana ba da fifiko ga sha'awar, ko haɗin gwiwa tare da, ko dai gwamnatin Australiya ta tarayya ko manyan kamfanoni fiye da sauran ƙungiyoyin kore na ƙasa. Tana yin amfani da bincike, zaɓe, aikin watsa labarai, ba da shawarwarin siyasa da aiki kai tsaye cikin lumana don cimma manufofinta. An san shi don haɓaka alaƙa mai ɗorewa tare da kewayon al'ummomi da ƙungiyoyi na ƴan asalin a kan wuraren da ake amfani da su. An soki lamirin aiwatar da matakin da ba na tashin hankali kai tsaye ta hanyar masu sharhi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya (misali, Andrew Bolt, marubucin jaridar Herald Sun a Melbourne). Andrew Bolt ya kuma zarge su da kasancewa masu tayar da hankali kan batun sauyin yanayi.<ref>Bolt, Andrew (19 June 2008). "Age drowns in green myths". The Courier-Mail. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 21 September 2010.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyi ]] mlauqgurs2e2tuaxxvhaq2rab6k9acg 0 109518 892793 699681 2026-08-08T08:49:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oommen Chandy''' (31 ga Oktoba 1942 - 18 ga Yulin 2023) lauya ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Indiya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban minista na 10 na Kerala, yana aiki daga 2004 zuwa 2006 da 2011 zuwa 2016. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban 'yan adawa a Majalisar Dokokin Kerala daga 2006 zuwa 2011. Ya wakilci [[Puthuppally (State Assembly constituency)|mazabar Puthupally]] a matsayin [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|memba na Majalisar Dokoki]] (MLA) a Majalisar Jiha daga 1970 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 2023, wanda ya sa ya zama memba mafi dadewa a [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Majalisar Dokokin Kerala]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oommen Chandy sets record as the longest-serving legislator in Kerala |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2022/08/02/oommen-chandy-kerala-legislator.html |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=OnManorama}}</ref> Ya sami [[United Nations Public Service Awards|lambar yabo don hidimar jama'a]] daga [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a 2013. <ref name="cm2">{{Cite web |title=തലസ്ഥാനത്തെ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതല്‍ പരിഗണിച്ച മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിയാര് ? കണക്കുകള്‍ പറയുന്നു അത് ഉമ്മന്‍ചാണ്ടി |url=http://www.kalakaumudi.com/malayalam/news/who-is-the-best-cm-in-kerala--2020-09-19.php |access-date=6 November 2020 |website=www.kaumudiplus.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718140430/https://www.kalakaumudi.com/malayalam/news/who-is-the-best-cm-in-kerala--2020-09-19.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="ndtv.com2">{{Cite web |title=Kerala Chief Minister Oommen Chandy receives UN award for public service |url=https://www.ndtv.com/south/kerala-chief-minister-oommen-chandy-receives-un-award-for-public-service-526716 |access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref> A cikin 2018, an nada shi babban sakatare na Kwamitin Majalisa na Indiya, wanda ke kula da jihar [[Andhra Pradesh]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-29 |title=AICC Office Bearers: Indian National Congress - Congress Party Official website |url=https://www.inc.in/aicc-office-bearers/general-secretaries |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529221711/https://www.inc.in/aicc-office-bearers/general-secretaries |archive-date=29 May 2023 |access-date=2023-08-09}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance memba na Kwamitin Aiki na Majalisa a lokacin mutuwarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian National Congress |url=https://inc.in/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=Indian National Congress |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Oommen Chandy a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 1943 a Kumarakom, Gundumar Kottayam, a matsayin ɗan Baby da K. O. Chandy na gidan Karottu Vallakkalil . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members - Kerala Legislature |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m86.htm |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=www.niyamasabha.org}}</ref> An sanya masa suna ne bayan kakan mahaifinsa, V. J. Oommen (Vallakkalil), memba na Majalisar Dokokin Travancore . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Balan |first=Saritha S |date=18 July 2023 |title=A quintessential man of the masses: Oommen Chandy is no more |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/quintessential-man-masses-oommen-chandy-no-more-179871 |access-date=22 July 2023 |website=The News Minutes}}</ref> Oommen ya shiga fagen siyasa a matsayin mai fafutuka na babbar Kungiyar Dalibai ta Kerala Kerala Students Union (KSU), reshen dalibai na jam'iyyar Indian National Congress.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OOMMEN CHANDY |url=http://www.oommenchandy.org/PoliticalProfile.php |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=www.oommenchandy.org |archive-date=2023-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718051042/http://www.oommenchandy.org/PoliticalProfile.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar KSU a makarantar sakandare ta St. George, Puthupally, kuma ya ci gaba da zama shugaban jihar na kungiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OOMMEN CHANDY |url=http://www.oommenchandy.org/PersonalProfile.php |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=www.oommenchandy.org |archive-date=2023-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718051043/http://www.oommenchandy.org/PersonalProfile.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Oommen ya kammala karatun sa na jami'a daga Kwalejin CMS, Kottayam kuma ya sami B.A. a fannin tattalin arziki daga Kwaleji ta St. Berchmans, Changanassery . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oommen Chandy |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/oommen-chandy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423155945/https://www.indiatoday.in/oommen-chandy |archive-date=23 April 2019 |access-date=3 September 2020 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya, ya sami digiri na farko a fannin shari'a (LL.B) daga Kwalejin Shari'a ta Gwamnati, Ernakulam . <ref name="indiatimes">{{Cite web |title=news/politics-and-nation/rahul-gandhis-uae-visit-a-huge-success-oommen-chandy/articleshow/67512450 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/rahul-gandhis-uae-visit-a-huge-success-oommen-chandy/articleshow/67512450.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528122547/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/rahul-gandhis-uae-visit-a-huge-success-oommen-chandy/articleshow/67512450.cms |archive-date=28 May 2019 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=economictimes.indiatimes.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar siyasa == Oommen ya fara aikinsa na siyasa ta hanyar Kerala Students Union (KSU), inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa daga 1967 zuwa 1969. An zabe shi a matsayin shugaban Majalisar Matasa ta Jiha a shekarar 1970. <ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY">{{Cite web |title=OOMMEN CHANDY |url=http://www.oommenchandy.org/PoliticalProfile.php |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=www.oommenchandy.org |archive-date=2023-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718051042/http://www.oommenchandy.org/PoliticalProfile.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ayyukan Zabe === Oommen ya wakilci [[Puthuppally (State Assembly constituency)|Mazabar Puthuppally]] na tsawon shekaru hamsin, bayan an zabe shi a [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Majalisar Dokokin Kerala]] a 1970, 1977, 1980, 1982, 1987, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016, da 2021.<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY2">{{Cite web |title=OOMMEN CHANDY |url=http://www.oommenchandy.org/PoliticalProfile.php |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=www.oommenchandy.org }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A lokacin aikinsa na majalisa, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin lissafin jama'a daga 1996 zuwa 1998.<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY2" /> [[Fayil:Manmohan_Singh_at_the_inauguration_of_the_‘Emerging_Kerala-2012–Global_Connect’,_at_Kochi._The_Governor_of_Kerala,_Dr._H.R._Bhardwaj,_the_Defence_Minister,_Shri_A._K._Antony,_the_Union_Minister_for_Overseas_Indian_Affairs.jpg|thumb|Oommen Chandy tare da Firayim Minista Manmohan Singh da Ministan Tsaro A. K. Antony a taron koli na Kerala, 2012]] {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" |Nasarar zabe |- !Shekara !Babban abokin hamayya !Mafi rinjaye (ƙuri'u) |- |1970 |E. M. George (CPIM) |7,288<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY"/> |- |1977 |P. C. Cherian (BLD) |15,910<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY" /> |- |1980 |M. R. G. Panicker (NDP) |13,659<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY" /> |- |1982 |Thomas Rajan (ICS) |15,983<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY" /> |- |1987 |V. N. Vasavan (CPIM) |9,164<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY" /> |- |1991 |V. N. Vasavan (CPIM) |13,811 |- |1996 |Reji Zacharia (CPIM) |10,155<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY" /> |- |2001 |Cherian Philip (CPIM Ind.) |12,575<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY" /> |- |2006 |Farin Ciki na Sindhu (CPIM) |19,863<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY" /> |- |2011 |Suja Susan George (CPIM) |33,255<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY" /> |- |2016 |Jaik C. Thomas (CPIM) |27,092<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY" /> |- |2021 |Jaik C. Thomas (CPIM) |9,044<ref name="OOMMEN CHANDY" /> |} == Matsayi da aka samu == === Minista === Oommen Chandy ya kasance minista a gwamnatin Kerala sau hudu. <ref name="indiatoday">{{Cite web |title=Rajya Saba seat sacrifice triggers flash war in Congress – India News |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rajya-saba-seat-sacrifice-triggers-flash-war-in-congress-1254922-2018-06-08 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=indiatoday.in}}</ref> Ya kasance ministan kwadago daga 11 ga Afrilu 1977 zuwa 25 ga Afrilu 1977 a ma'aikatar K. Karunakaran ta farko kuma ya ci gaba da rike wannan fayil din a ma'aikatar AK Antony ta farko har zuwa 27 Oktoba 1978. An sake rantsar da shi a matsayin minista a ma'aikatar K. Karunakaran ta hudu a ranar 2 ga Yuli 1991. Ya kasance mai kula da Fayil na Kudi kuma ya yi murabus daga majalisar ministoci a ranar 22 ga Yuni 1994 a matsayin zanga-zangar adawa da Karunakaran na kin amincewa da tikitin Rajya Sabha ga wani shugaba. <ref name="indiatoday2">{{Cite web |date=31 March 1995 |title=On the brink – Special Report News – Kerala: Narasimha Rao's troubleshooter Karunakaran likely to face a tough time |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19950331-kerala-narasimha-raos-troubleshooter-karunakaran-likely-to-face-a-tough-time-807099-1995-03-31 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=indiatoday.in}}</ref> Oommen Chandy ya kasance minista a cikin ma'aikatu masu zuwa: {| class="wikitable" !A'a. !Shugaban Ma'aikatar !Lokacin !Fayil ɗin |- |1 |K. Karunakaran |11 ga Afrilu 1977 - 25 ga Afrilu 1977.&nbsp; |Aiki <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Oomen Chandy |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m86.htm |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=Kerala Legislative Assembly}}</ref> |- |2 |A. K. Antony |27 Afrilu 1977 - 27 Oktoba 1978&nbsp; |Aiki <ref name=":1" /> |- |3 |K. Karunakaran |28 Disamba 1981 - 17 Maris 1982&nbsp; |Gida <ref name=":1" /> |- |4 |K. Karunakaran |2 ga Yulin 1991 - 22 ga Yuni 1994&nbsp; |Kudi <ref name=":1" /> |} === Babban Ministan Kerala === ==== Lokaci na farko a matsayin babban minista (2004-2006) ==== Sakamakon zaben 'yan majalisa a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2004 ya ga Majalisar Dokokin Indiya ba ta lashe kujerar daya a Kerala ba. Babban ministan da ke zaune, A.K. Antony, an tilasta masa ya yi murabus kuma ya yarda da alhakin sakamakon talauci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala chief minister Antony quits |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2004/aug/29kerala.htm |access-date=8 September 2020 |website=www.rediff.com}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2004, an zabi Oommen a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar majalisa a ƙarshen taron da masu lura da AICC suka yi da kuma amincewar shugaban majalisa, Sonia Gandhi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oommen Chandy sworn in as Kerala CM |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2004/aug/31kerala1.htm |access-date=8 September 2020 |website=www.rediff.com}}</ref> An kayar da kawancen da Majalisa ke jagoranta amma sun sami nasarar riƙe kujeru 42 daga cikin kujeru 140 a cikin majalisa kuma sun kara yawan kuri'un da suka samu kusan kashi 10% bayan babban zaben. Ya yi murabus a matsayin babban minista a ranar 12 ga Mayu 2006 biyo bayan shan kashi na jam'iyyarsa a zaben majalisar dokoki na 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UDF throws down the gauntlet to incumbent Kerala government |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2019/mar/30/udf-throws-down-the-gauntlet-to-incumbent-kerala-government-1957711.html |access-date=3 September 2020 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> ==== Lokaci na biyu a matsayin babban minista (2011-2016) ==== [[Fayil:Kerala_CM_Oomen_Chandy_calls_meets_PM_Modi_on_3_June_2014.jpg|thumb|Oommen Chandy tare da [[Narendra Modi]]]] UDF, karkashin jagorancin Oommen Chandy, ta sami karamin rinjaye a zaben majalisar da aka gudanar a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2011 ta hanyar lashe kujeru 72 a kan kujeru 68 na [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]. Ya yi rantsuwa a ranar 18 ga Mayu 2011 tare da wasu ministoci shida na majalisar ministocinsa. Daga baya, an shigar da wasu ministoci goma sha uku cikin majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-05-23 |title=Chandy Ministry expanded; 13 new Ministers sworn-in |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/chandy-ministry-expanded-13-new-ministers-swornin/article2042926.ece |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref> === Shugaba na adawa === Oommen shine shugaban adawa a majalisar dokoki ta Kerala ta goma sha biyu . A karkashin jagorancinsa, UDF ta samu nasara a zaben Lok Sabha na 2009, inda ta samu 16 daga cikin mazabu 20 na majalisa a Kerala. UDF kuma ta sami rinjaye a cikin zaɓen gidaje. === Shugaba na Jam'iyyar Majalisa === Bayan sun lashe zaben majalisar dokoki na 2011, jam'iyyar majalisa ta zabi Oommen a matsayin jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-05-13 |title=Kerala assembly elections 2011: UDF wins by narrow margin |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/assembly-elections-2011/kerala/kerala-assembly-elections-2011-udf-wins-by-narrow-margin/articleshow/8288245.cms |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=Times of India |language=en}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == Oommen Chandy ya sami lambar yabo ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2013 don yankin Asiya-Pacific, don "Kariya da Yaki da Cin Hanci da rashawa a cikin Ayyukan Jama'a. " An gabatar da kyautar ne a ranar 27 ga Yuni 2013, a [[Manama]], [[Baharen|Bahrain]], ta Mataimakin Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkinobho na Harkokin Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a, Wu Hongbo. Kyautar ta dogara ne akan taken "Gwamnatin e-Gwamnati da Innovation: Samar da kyakkyawar makoma ga kowa".<ref name="ChandyUNTheHindu" /> == Nasarorin da aka samu == [[Fayil:Manmohan_Singh_being_presented_a_memento_at_the_inauguration_of_the_Total_E-Literacy_Project,_organised_by_P.N._Panicker_Vigyan_Vikas_Kendra,_at_Thiruvananthapuram,_in_Kerala._The_Governor_of_Kerala,_Shri_Nikhil_Kumar.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Ƙaddamar da Cikakkiyar aikin karatun E-littafi a Thiruvananthapuram (2014)]] Oommen Chandy ya fara aiki a matsayin babban minista a ranar 31 ga Agusta 2004 kuma ya ɗauki taken ''Athivegam Bahudooram'' (Mai sauri da nisa). Takaddamar da alawus-alawus na rashin aikin yi, da matakan walwala ga ma’aikata na daga cikin matakan da gwamnatinsa ta bullo da su. Oommen ya halarci Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya na 35 da aka gudanar a Davos, Switzerland, a cikin 2006. <ref name="mn" /> An aiwatar da tsarin kyautatawa na ''Karunya'' a cikin 2011-2012, yana ba da damar maganin marasa lafiya da [[Sankara|ciwon daji]], haemophilia, da cututtukan koda da zuciya. An yi aikin tiyata na Cochlear arba'in da uku a ƙarƙashin tsarin dasa shuki na Cochlear don yara masu rauni. An yi ƙarin tiyatar dasa gabobin jiki ta hanyar aikin ''Mruthasanjeevani'' . Oommen ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Jama'a don Shirin Tuntuɓar Jama'a ( ''Jana Samparkka Paripadi'' ), don sauraron da warware korafe-korafen 'yan ƙasa. A cikin 2005, [[Fasahar bayanai|Fasahar Watsa Labarai]] ta zama darasi na tilas ga ɗaliban matakin makaranta, wanda ya sa Kerala ta zama jihar Indiya ta farko da ta yi hakan. Victers TV, wanda shine tashar watsa shirye-shiryen watsa labarai ta jama'a ta farko a Indiya akan EDUSAT don makarantu, [[A.P.J. Abdul Kalam|APJ Abdul Kalam]] ne ya ƙaddamar da shi a ranar 28 ga Yuli 2005 a Thiruvananthapuram . <ref>{{Cite web |title=KITE |url=https://kite.kerala.gov.in/KITE/index.php/welcome/about_victers}}</ref> Aikin titin Hill, babban aikin babbar hanya wanda ya haɗu da tsaunukan gabas na tuddai na gundumomin Kerala da aka fara gabatar da su a cikin 1960, Ma'aikatar Oommen ta Farko ta amince da ita a 2005. Gwamnatin Kerala ta amince da aikin kuma ta ba da kuɗi a ranar 17 ga Janairu 2005, Oommen ya ƙaddamar da kashi na farko na aikin da Palaor a cikin aikin da aka gudanar a Kasarla . [[Fayil:Kochi_Metro_train_at_Palarivattom,_Aug_2017.jpg|thumb|Kochi Metro ita ce aikin metro mafi sauri da aka kammala a Indiya a lokacin da aka kaddamar da ita]] Ma'aikatar Oommen ta Biyu (2011-2016) ta ɗauki taken ''Vikasanavum Karuthalum'' (Ci gaba da Kulawa). <ref name="cm">{{Cite web |title=തലസ്ഥാനത്തെ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതല്‍ പരിഗണിച്ച മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിയാര് ? കണക്കുകള്‍ പറയുന്നു അത് ഉമ്മന്‍ചാണ്ടി |url=http://www.kalakaumudi.com/malayalam/news/who-is-the-best-cm-in-kerala--2020-09-19.php |access-date=6 November 2020 |website=www.kaumudiplus.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718140430/https://www.kalakaumudi.com/malayalam/news/who-is-the-best-cm-in-kerala--2020-09-19.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mulkin Oommen Chandy ya taimaka wajen fara gina manyan ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa da dama da kuma wasu tsare-tsare na jin daɗin ɗan adam a Kerala waɗanda suka haɗa da Filin jirgin sama na Kannur International da ke Kannur, <ref name="oc">{{Cite web |title=Congress kicks off poll campaign with 'Aiswarya Kerala yatra' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/congress-kicks-poll-campaign-aiswarya-kerala-yatra-142608 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=The News Minute}}</ref> <ref name="ht" /> da Kochi Metro a [[Kochi]], <ref name="oc" /> <ref name="ht" /> da Vizhinjam tashar jiragen ruwa na kasa da kasa a Thirum City <ref name="oc" /> tashar jiragen ruwa na Vizhinjam a Thiruan. <ref name="oc" /> An amince da ayyukan Thiruvananthapuram Light Metro da Kozhikode Light Metro a cikin 2012. An fara aikin layin dogo na birni a cikin 2013. Technopark a Thiruvananthapuram ya zama wurin shakatawa mafi girma na Fasahar Sadarwa a Indiya tare da ƙaddamar da kashi na uku a cikin 2014. An fara Taurus Downtown a Technopark a lokacin 2011-2016. An ƙaddamar da kashi na biyu na InfoPark, Kochi a watan Mayu 2015. An kammala mataki na biyu na InfoPark Thrissur a daidai wannan lokacin. An bude Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Cybercity a Kozhikode a hukumance ta Ministan IT PK Kunhalikutty akan 15 Fabrairu 2014. UL Cyberpark a Kozhikode an bude shi a cikin Janairu 2016. Har ila yau, a lokacin mulkinsa an kafa sababbin Taluk 12, 28 sababbin Municipalities, da Kannur Municipal Corporation <ref name="new" /> don samun ingantaccen tsarin rarrabawa da kuma amfani da albarkatun da ya dace a cikin jihar, <ref name="new" /> <ref name="tal" /> <ref name="tal" /> girman iyakokin [[Mandal|Taluk]] a jihar Kerala tun lokacin da aka gina manyan hanyoyi 135. karkashin gwamnatin Oommen, da kuma matakin karshe na fadada manyan titunan jihar zuwa {{Convert|45|m|ft}} an ɗauka a cikin 2014. A lokacin mulkinsa, an gina gadojin tituna 227 wanda kusan kusan Rs 1,600 crore an gina su a duk fadin [[Kerala]], mafi girma a cikin jihar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandy challenges LDF to disclose list of bridges constructed during their tenure |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/chandy-challenges-ldf-to-disclose-list-of-bridges-constructed-during-their-tenure-1.5551643 |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Mathrubhumi name="227 Bridges"}}</ref> An kammala hanyar Kozhikode kuma an sake fara ayyukan Kollam Bypass da hanyoyin Alappuzha a lokacin 2011-2016. <ref name="clg" /> Karamana - Kaliyikkavila da Kazhakootam - Karode mashigar birnin Thiruvananthapuram aka fara kuma aka fara. <ref name="clg" /> An kaddamar da bututun [[Kochi]] - Mangalore GAIL daga ma'aikatar Oommen ta biyu a cikin 2013. [[Fayil:Oomman_chandy.jpg|thumb|Oommen Chandy a watan Satumbar 2015]] Har ila yau, gwamnatin Oommen Chandy ta yanke shawarar gina akalla kwalejin kiwon lafiya guda ɗaya a kowane gundumar ba tare da ɗaya ba, don tabbatar da kasancewar kwalejin kifin lafiyar jama'a a duk gundumomi 14 na Kerala, wanda ya taimaka wajen ababen more rayuwa na jihar. A matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin, an kafa sabbin kwalejojin kiwon lafiya a jihar tun daga shekarar 2013, bayan rata na shekaru 31. An kafa Jami'ar Nazarin Shari'a ta Kasa a [[Kochi]] a shekara ta 2005 kuma an kafa [[Palakkad]]" id="mwAm8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="IIT Palakkad">Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya a Palakkad a shekara ta 2015. Jami'o'in da aka kafa a lokacin 2011-2016 sun hada da Jami'ar Thunchath Ezhuthachan Malayalam a Tirur (2012) da Jami'o-kimiyyar APJ Abdul Kalam a Thiruvananthapuram (2014). <ref name="Ord">{{Cite web |title=Thunchath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University Ordinance, 2012 |url=http://www.keralalawsect.org/images/legg/ord56_2012.pdf |access-date=4 November 2012 |website=Kerala Gazette |publisher=Government of Kerala}}{{Dead link|date=March 2018}}</ref> An kaddamar da Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kasa ta K. R. Narayanan a Kottayam a watan Janairun 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Press Information Bureau |title=Remarks by Vice President of India, Shri M. Hamid Ansari, at the inauguration of the KR Narayanan National Institute of Visual Sciences & Arts at Kottayam, Kerala |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=134373 |access-date=12 January 2016 |publisher=Government of India}}</ref> A cikin 2015, Filin jirgin saman Cochin ya zama filin jirgin sama na farko a duniya mai cikakken wutar lantarki tare da ƙaddamar da tashar hasken rana. Filin jirgin saman ya lashe kyautar Champion of the Earth a shekarar 2018, babbar lambar yabo ta muhalli da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta kafa. Filin jirgin saman ya sami kyautar Filin jirgin sama mafi kyau a Asiya-Pacific a cikin 2020 (tare da fasinjoji miliyan 5-15 a kowace shekara) ta Majalisar Filin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 – Best Airport by Size and Region |url=https://aci.aero/customer-experience-asq/asq-awards-and-recognition/asq-awards/current-winner-2020/best-airport-by-size-and-region/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172701/https://aci.aero/customer-experience-asq/asq-awards-and-recognition/asq-awards/current-winner-2020/best-airport-by-size-and-region/ |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=3 March 2021 |website=ACI World}}</ref> An kafa Kamfanin Sufurin Jirgin Birni na Kerala (KURTC) a karkashin KSRTC a cikin 2015 don gudanar da al'amuran da suka shafi sufuri na birni.{{Sfn|Chandran|2018}} An kaddamar da shi a ranar 12 ga Afrilu 2015 a Thevara .{{Sfn|Chandran|2018}} An fara aiki a matakin karshe na Kollam Bypass a ranar 27 ga Mayu 2015. [[Fayil:Cochin_International_Airport_Limited.jpg|thumb|Filin jirgin saman Cochin shi ne filin jirgin sama na farko a duniya da za a yi amfani da shi ta hanyar hasken rana]] An ninka fansho na jin dadin jama'a sau biyu a lokacin hidimar Oommen Chandy ta biyu, ta karu zuwa Rs.600 . Gwamnati ta rarraba fansho daga Rs 800 - Rs 1,500. Fensho na jin dadin jama'a wanda aka rarraba ga mutane 12.9 lakh har zuwa 2011 an tsawaita shi zuwa 34.43 lakh a lokacin 2011-2016.<ref name="pen" /> An kara fansho ga nakasassu da gwauraye zuwa Rs 800.<ref name="pen" /> An kara fansho na tsofaffi zuwa Rs 1,500 ga waɗanda suka wuce shekaru 75 da Rs 1,100 ga waɗanda suka fi shekaru 80. <ref name="pen" /> Sauran matakan jin dadin jama'a sun haɗa da abinci kyauta ga waɗanda suka rasa aikinsu, da gidaje 4,14,552 ga waɗanda ba su da gidaje a baya.<ref name="cm"/> An ba da shinkafa kyauta ga waɗanda ke ƙasa da layin talauci.<ref name="clg" /> An rarraba kayan abinci a lokacin Onam, Ramdan, da [[Kirsimeti]].<ref name="clg" /> An aiwatar da tallafin roba don tabbatar da mafi ƙarancin farashi na Rs 150 / kg a cikin 2015. Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a ta Kerala ta cika wuraren da ba a yi amfani da su ba a lokacin 2011-2016, <ref name="pen" /> inda ta nada 'yan takarar aiki 1,67,096, inda ta kafa rikodin; <ref name="pen" /> an kirkiro mukamai 46,223 a wannan lokacin. Ma'aikatar Oommen ta biyu ta kuma yanke shawarar hana giya a jihar ta hanyar hana mashaya. Adadin kisan gillar siyasa ya kasance kadan (ɗaya) a lokacin 2011-2016. An ayyana Kerala a matsayin cikakkiyar jihar dijital ta farko a Indiya a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 2016. An gano sassa ashirin da shida don nunawa a taron ''Kerala mai tasowa'' na 2012 da aka gudanar a [[Kochi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sectors, Emerging Kerala |url=http://www.emergingkerala2012.org/sectors.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915120327/http://www.emergingkerala2012.org/sectors.php |archive-date=15 September 2012 |access-date=12 September 2012}}</ref> Kamfanin Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation (KSIDC) ne ya shirya taron, don nuna damar saka hannun jari da ake samu a [[Kerala]] da kuma tallata wa duniya yanayin shirye-shiryenta na karbar masu saka hannun jari. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Emerging Kerala investment meet to see 51 nations taking part &#124; NDTV.com |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/emerging-kerala-investment-meet-to-see-51-nations-taking-part-261487 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905070855/http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/emerging-kerala-investment-meet-to-see-51-nations-taking-part-261487 |archive-date=5 September 2012 |access-date=8 September 2012}}</ref> Firayim Ministan Indiya Dr. Manmohan Singh ya kaddamar da taron na kwanaki uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prime Minister to inaugurate 'Emerging Kerala' meet on September 12 &#124; NDTV.com |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/prime-minister-to-inaugurate-emerging-kerala-meet-on-september-12-258673 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908064411/http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/prime-minister-to-inaugurate-emerging-kerala-meet-on-september-12-258673 |archive-date=8 September 2012 |access-date=8 September 2012}}</ref> Manufar taron sun haɗa da kawo 45 takamaiman shawarwari na aikin tare da zuba jari na sama da Rs.40,000 crore, ciki har da Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd's Kochi Refinery fadada da kuma wani aikin haɗin gwiwa na Rs.18,000 crore, [[Volkswagen]] 's engine Assembly unit (Rs.2 Refinery Refinery, Rs. (Rs.570 crore), da kuma tashar makamashin hasken rana (Rs.500crore). <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Hindu : States / Kerala : Emerging Kerala sets new goals for State |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/article3898219.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917233713/http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/article3898219.ece |archive-date=17 September 2012 |access-date=17 September 2012 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Yawancin ayyukan da aka yi la'akari da su da kuma haɓakawa a cikin tate bayan taron kolin, wanda ya fi dacewa ya haɗa da [[Kochi]] - Mangalore GAIL Pipeline, Vizhinjam International Seaport, Kochi Metro, Thiruvananthapuram Light Metro da Kozhikode Light Metro, Man Fetur Chemicals & Petrochemical Investment Region, [[Kochi]] - Palakkad India Investment Region, Palakkad National Investment, Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Indiya da Manuf . Thiruvananthapuram-Kasargode Semi High Speed Rail Corridor, Kerala Seaplane, Electronic hub a [[Kochi]], Titanium Sponge Plant Project a Kollam, Oceanarium project a [[Kochi]], Bio 360 Life Sciences Park at Thiruvananthapuram, wani gas na tushen wutar lantarki a Cheemeni, da kuma Kasargod ] <ref name="power" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mega Projects, Emerging Kerala |url=http://www.emergingkerala2012.org/mega-projects.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913011742/http://www.emergingkerala2012.org/mega-projects.php |archive-date=13 September 2012 |access-date=12 September 2012}}</ref> === 2013 Kerala solar panel yaudarar === A 2013 Kerala hasken rana panel ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan abin kunya da aka tayar da shi ta hanyar adawa da ke karkashin jagorancin LDF. Har ila yau, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan batutuwan zabe da LDF ta yi amfani da su a lokacin Zaben Majalisar Dokokin Kerala na 2016. Koyaya, reshen aikata laifuka da Ma'aikatar Vijayan ta farko ta nada a cikin 2018 ta gano cewa babu wata shaida game da Oommen a cikin zamba. A matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyoyin, Sakataren Cikin Gida na Jiha T. K. Jose ya aika da rahoto ga gwamnatin tsakiya.<ref name="mb_1" /> A cewar rahoton, ba za a iya tattara wata hujja a kan Oommen Chandy ba kuma reshen aikata laifuka ya kasa tabbatar da cewa lamarin da aka ambata a cikin korafin ya faru.<ref name="mb_1" /> An mika karar ga hukumar tsakiya bayan kungiyoyi da yawa na 'Yan sanda na Kerala sun kasa tabbatar da zargin da ake yi wa Oommen.<ref name="mn_1" /> [[Palm oil|palmolein]]_Oil_Import_Scam" id="mwA5k" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Palmolein Oil Import Scam">Palmolein Oil Import Scam (1991-1992) yana nufin zargin rashin daidaito a shigo da palmolein ta gwamnatin K. Karunakaran-led United Democratic Front na jihar Kerala, Indiya ta hanyar Power and Energy Limited Company. <ref name="frontlineonnet.com">{{Cite web |title=Oil stain |url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2818/stories/20110909281803600.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010060642/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2818/stories/20110909281803600.htm |archive-date=10 October 2011 |access-date=18 May 2021}}</ref> 'Yan adawa da ke karkashin jagorancin LDF ne suka zarge shi a shekarar 1992. Koyaya, binciken VACB na 2011 ya gano cewa Oommen, ministan kudi a lokacin 1991-1996, ba shi da wani rawar da ya taka a cikin cin hanci da rashawa. Rahoton da VACB ta gabatar ya ce Oommen Chandy bai san cikakkun bayanai game da shawarar shigo da palmolein ta hanyar kamfanin Singapore ba. == Mutuwa da jana'izar == An gano Oommen Chandy da ciwon daji na larynxal (kirtani). Ya fara maganin rigakafi a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta HCG a Bengaluru a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oommen Chandy stated with immunotherapy |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/content/mm/en/kerala/top-news/2023/02/15/oommen-chandy-treatment-immunotherapy-bengaluru.html |access-date=2025-08-01 |archive-date=2025-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121043620/https://www.onmanorama.com/content/mm/en/kerala/top-news/2023/02/15/oommen-chandy-treatment-immunotherapy-bengaluru.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ya yi gwajin laser biopsy a Jamus, hanyar da ke rage girman ciwon daji amma ba ta kawar da ciwon daji ba. Duk da wadannan jiyya, Chandy ya mutu daga cutar kuma ya mutu a ranar 18 ga Yuli 2023 yana da shekaru 79 saboda rikitarwa daga ciwon daji na makogwaro. Mutuwar ta faru ne a asibitin Chinmaya Mission a Bengaluru. === Gudun jana'izar === Bayan mutuwarsa, an kai gawar Chandy zuwa Thiruvananthapuram ta hanyar jirgin sama don girmama jama'a, da farko a zauren durbar, Thiruvanenthapuram sannan daga baya a ofishin Kwamitin Majalisa na Kerala Pradesh (KPCC). Gwamnatin Kerala ta ayyana hutun jama'a a ranar 18 ga Yulin 2023 da kuma makoki na kwana biyu don girmama shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala declares public holiday in honour of Oommen Chandy |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/oommen-chandy-death-news-age-kerala-chief-ministercongress-11689646358276.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=State declares 2 days mourning. |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/oommen-chandy-dies-at-79-kerala-declares-two-days-of-state-mourning-11689736346850.html |website=Mint}}</ref> An fara bikin jana'izar ne a ranar 19 ga Yulin 2023, ta ratsa nisan kilomita 150 daga babban birnin jihar zuwa garin Chandy, Puthuppally a gundumar Kottayam. Tafiyar da ke ɗaukar sa'o'i biyar an tsawaita ta zuwa kusan awanni 30 saboda yawan baƙin ciki na jama'a. Dubban mutane sun yi layi don yin ban kwana na karshe ga ƙaunataccen shugaba. [[Fayil:Burial_site_of_Oommen_Chandy.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Gidan binnewar Oommen Chandy]] An gudanar da bukukuwan karshe a Cocin Orthodox na St. George, Puthuppally, a ranar 20 ga Yulin 2023, wanda Mar Baselios Marthoma Mathews III ya jagoranci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oomen Chandy Wanted Burial Without State Honours. Family To Fulfil Wish |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/oomen-chandy-wanted-burial-without-state-honours-family-to-fulfil-wish-4223154 |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> Don girmama aikinsa na jama'a, an kwantar da Oommen Chandy a cikin wani kabarin da aka gina musamman a cikin wurin binnewa na musamman da aka tanada wa malamai na Cocin Orthodox. Da yake girmama burinsa, iyalin sun ki amincewa da girmamawa, tare da ɗansa yana nuna sha'awar mahaifinsa don jana'izar mai sauƙi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Statesman News |date=2023-07-19 |title=Oommen Chandy funeral: No state honours for former Kerala CM as per his last wish |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/no-state-honours-to-fulfill-last-wish-of-oommen-chandy-1503202200.html |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref> == Kyauta == Bayan mutuwar Oommen Chandy, dansa, Chandy Oommen, ya yi hamayya kuma ya ci nasara a zaben.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandy Oommen secures big win for Congress in Kerala, BJP candidate loses deposit |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/chandy-oommen-wins-puthuppally-assembly-seat-kerala-puthuppally-byelection-result-2023-2432949-2023-09-08 |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Shugaban KPCC [[K. Sudhakaran|K Sudhakaran]] ya ce ya kamata a sanya sunan [[Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Vizhinjam]] bayan Oommen Chandy tun lokacin da tashar jiragen sama ta zama gaskiya ne kawai saboda kokarinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-11 |title=Vizhinjam Port is the ‘brainchild’ of Oommen Chandy: Congress |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2024/07/11/vizhinjam-brainchild-oommen-chandy-congress-slams-ldf-government-chief-minister-pinarayi-vijayan-port.html |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=OnManorama}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 52ercd0s7vgwckop9a7rzargjlz5vok 0 109839 892718 795459 2026-08-08T02:41:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Carbon_monoxide_detector_1_2018-03-01.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Kidde plug-in carbon monoxide detector]] '''Mai gano carbon monoxide''' ko '''Mai gano CO''' na'urar ce da ke gano kasancewar carbon monoxides (CO) gas don hana guba na carbon monoxide. A ƙarshen shekarun 1990s, Laboratories na Underwriters sun canza ma'anar mai gano CO guda ɗaya tare da na'urar sauti zuwa ƙararrawar carbon monoxide (CO). Wannan ya shafi duk ƙararrawar tsaro ta CO da ta hadu da UL 2034; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Standard for Single and Multiple Station Carbon Monoxide Alarms |url=https://standardscatalog.ul.com/standards/en/standard_2034 |access-date=2017-10-22 |publisher=[[UL (safety organization)|UL]] |archive-date=2017-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207053441/https://standardscatalog.ul.com/standards/en/standard_2034 |url-status=dead }}</ref> duk da haka ga alamomi masu wucewa da na'urorin tsarin da suka hadu da UL 2075, UL yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ''Masu gano carbon monoxide''. Yawancin masu gano CO suna amfani da firikwensin tare da ayyanawa, iyakantaccen rayuwa, kuma ba za su yi aiki ba har abada. CO ba shi da launi, mara ɗanɗano, kuma ba shi da ƙanshi wanda aka samar ta hanyar ƙonewar kayan da ke dauke da carbon. Sau da yawa ana kiransa "mai kisan kai" saboda kusan mutane ba za su iya gano shi ba. A cikin binciken da Underwriters Laboratories suka yi, "kashi sittin cikin dari na Amurkawa ba za su iya gano alamun yiwuwar ɓarkewar CO a cikin gida ba".<ref>{{Cite web |title=UL Mobile &#124; News |url=http://m.ul.com/news/press-releases/?dcr%3Dmost-americans-at-risk-against-the-silent-killer |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306025204/http://m.ul.com/news/press-releases/?dcr=most-americans-at-risk-against-the-silent-killer |archive-date=2016-03-06 |access-date=2016-02-28}}</ref> Matsayi mai girma na CO na iya zama haɗari ga mutane dangane da adadin da ke akwai da tsawon bayyanar. Ƙananan maida hankali na iya zama mai cutarwa a tsawon lokaci yayin da karuwar maida hankali ke buƙatar rage lokutan fallasawa don zama mai cutar. Wadanda ke zaune a cikin gidajen lantarki ba sa buƙatar masu gano CO sai dai idan akwai garage da aka haɗa tare da mota mara lantarki, ko kuma idan an yi amfani da janareta na ajiya kusa da wuraren zama a lokacin katsewar wutar lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2025 |title=Consumer Reports buying guide for smoke, carbon monoxide detectors |url=https://www.consumerreports.org/home-garden/smoke-carbon-monoxide-detectors/buying-guide/}}</ref> [[Fayil:FirstAlert_Smoke_and_Carbon_Monoxide_Alarm.jpg|thumb|Fitarwa ta Farko da ƙararrawar carbon monoxide]] An tsara masu gano CO don auna matakan CO a tsawon lokaci kuma suna yin ƙararrawa kafin matakan CO masu haɗari su tara a cikin mahalli, suna ba mutane isasshen gargadi don samun iska a yankin ko kuma su kwashe su. Wasu masu ganowa da ke haɗe da tsarin suna faɗakar da sabis na saka idanu wanda zai iya aika ayyukan gaggawa idan ya cancanta. Duk da yake masu gano CO ba sa aiki a matsayin Masu gano hayaki kuma akasin haka, ana sayar da masu gano hayakin / CO.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-22 |title=Carbon Monoxide Detectors Buying Guide |url=https://ranky10.com/carbon-monoxide-detectors-buying-guide/ |access-date=2017-10-22 |publisher=ranky10.com |archive-date=2022-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125023117/https://ranky10.com/carbon-monoxide-detectors-buying-guide/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin gida, wasu tushen CO na yau da kullun sun haɗa da harshen wuta, masu dumama sararin samaniya, masu dumamar ruwa, bututun wuta ko gudu mota ko grill a cikin garage. == Shigarwa == Na'urorin na iya aiki da batir ko AC (tare da ko ba tare da madadin batir ba). Na'urorin da ke amfani da batir suna tallata rayuwar batir har zuwa shekaru 10. Sensors na gas a cikin ƙararrawar CO suna da iyakantaccen rayuwa, yawanci shekaru biyu zuwa biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sorenson |first=Ida |date=2022-04-16 |title=9 Reasons Why Your Carbon Monoxide Detector Went Off Then Stopped |url=https://inauguralhomes.com/carbon-monoxide-detector-went-off/ |access-date=2022-10-14 |language=en-US}}</ref> An tsara sabbin samfuran don nuna buƙatar maye gurbin bayan wani lokaci. Masu gano CO duk suna da maɓallan "gwaje-gwaje" kamar masu gano hayaki, amma maɓallan gwajin kawai suna gwada batir, kewayon lantarki, da buzzer, ba ikon ƙararrawa na jin gas ba. Dangane da jagororin carbon monoxide na Ƙungiyar Kare Wutar Kasa, ya kamata a shigar da masu gano CO a kowane wurin bacci a cikin gida, kuma kowane mai ganowa ya kamata a kasance "a kan bango, rufi ko wani wuri kamar yadda aka ƙayyade a cikin umarnin shigarwa da ke tare da naúrar". Ana samun masu gano CO a matsayin samfuran da suka tsaya, ko na'urorin da aka haɗa da tsarin waɗanda za a iya saka idanu daga nesa. == Ayyuka == Babban manufar masu gano CO shine yin ƙararrawa don gargadi mazauna game da sararin samaniya mai haɗari na carbon monoxide. Ya kamata ƙararrawa ta yi sauti a cikin minti 60 idan maida hankali ya tashi zuwa 70 PPM, a cikin minti 10 a 150 PPM, cikin minti 4 a 400 PPM, kuma nan da nan a 500 PPM ko mafi girma. Bai kamata ƙararrawa ta yi saurin sauti ba, saboda taƙaitaccen ƙararrawa na ƙarya na iya sa masu amfani su kashe ƙararrawa, suna barin su ba tare da kariya ba.<ref name="hope">{{Cite web |last=Hope |first=Paul |date=14 March 2017 |title=3 Carbon Monoxide Alarms Named 'Don't Buy: Safety Risk' by Consumer Reports |url=https://www.consumerreports.org/carbon-monoxide-alarms/consumer-reports-rates-off-brand-carbon-monoxide-alarms-purchase/ |website=Consumer Reports}}</ref> Wasu na'urorin ƙararrawa na iya nuna matakin CO. Har ila yau, akwai kayan auna da aka tsara don nuna maida hankali ga CO zuwa ƙananan matakan da ba su da haɗari, maimakon ganowa da gargadi game da matakan haɗari. Wasu masu ganowa ba tare da takardar shaidar UL ba an gano su ba su yi sauti a ƙofar da aka ƙayyade ba, ko kuma su yi sauti cikin seconds.<ref name="hope"/> A wasu lokuta, ya cancanci a lura cewa ja mai haske ba tare da sautuna ba zai iya nuna wani yanayi daban ko kuma kawai ya sanar da mai amfani game da rashin aiki.<ref name="tyron">{{Cite web |last=Otieno |first=Tyron |date=30 October 2023 |title=15 Reasons Why Carbon Monoxide Detector Flashing Red But No Sound |url=https://homesafetypoint.com/carbon-monoxide-detector-flashing-red-but-no-sound/ |website=Home Safety Point |access-date=2 August 2025 |archive-date=16 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250816222233/https://homesafetypoint.com/carbon-monoxide-detector-flashing-red-but-no-sound/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana samun na'urorin tsaro na gida marasa waya waɗanda ke haɗa masu gano carbon monoxide zuwa matashin matattarar matattarar, strobes, ko wayar gargadi mai nisa. Ana amfani da hanyoyi da yawa na gano carbon monoxide kuma an rubuta su a cikin ƙayyadaddun masana'antu da aka buga ta Underwriters Laboratories. Hanyoyin gargadi sun hada da: * Sautin da ake ji (4 gajerun bugawa) Ya bambanta tsakanin 3,000 da 3,500 Hz dangane da alama da sunan samfurin 105 dB murya a 3 feet ** Ya bambanta tsakanin 3,000 da 3,500 Hz dangane da alama da sunan samfurin ** 105 dB sautin a 3 feet * Farkacewar murya * Hasken gaggawa don haskakawa == Sensors == Zane-zane na farko sun yi amfani da na'urar gano sinadarai wanda ya kunshi fararen fararen farar farar fararen farantin farar farantin fararen fararin farar fararin fararen faramin farar fararan farar faramin fararen fararan fararen farandarin farar. Irin waɗannan masu ganowa suna da arha amma suna ba da gargadi na gani kawai. Yayinda mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da carbon monoxide ta karu a cikin shekarun 1990, ƙararrawar da ake ji ta zama misali. Abubuwan ƙararrawa a kan masu gano carbon monoxide ba matakin ƙararrawa ne mai sauƙi ba (kamar yadda yake a cikin masu gano hayaki) amma aiki ne na lokaci-lokaci. A ƙananan maida hankali, misali kashi 100 a kowace miliyan (PPM), mai ganowa ba ya yin ƙararrawa na minti da yawa. A 400 PPM, ƙararrawa ta yi sauti a cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan. Wannan aikin lokaci-lokaci an yi niyya ne don kwaikwayon ɗaukar carbon monoxide a cikin jiki yayin da kuma hana ƙararrawar ƙarya saboda ɗan gajeren fashewar carbon monoxides daga tushen da aka saba da su kamar hayakin sigari. Akwai nau'ikan na'urori masu auna sigina guda huɗu, sun bambanta da farashi, daidaito, da saurin amsawa. Yawancin masu ganowa ba su da na'urori masu auna sigina da za a iya maye gurbin su. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4mpq71cuejfquvkzi5v1cqzm0ac5pbj 0 109884 892753 703112 2026-08-08T05:57:48Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|0|1 */ 892753 wikitext text/x-wiki Riverside unguwa ce a [[Kansas]]" i, Kansas, [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] . <ref name="CityMap">{{Cite web |date=2012-06-13 |title=Neighborhood Associations - City of Wichita, Kansas |url=http://www.wichita.gov/Government/Council/CityCouncilDocument/2012NA_citylimit.pdf |access-date=2012-07-12 |publisher=City of Wichita |archive-date=2013-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806044709/http://www.wichita.gov/Government/Council/CityCouncilDocument/2012NA_citylimit.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mafi yawan wuraren zama da ke tsakanin [[Arkansas (jiha)|Arkansas]] da Little Arkansas Rivers, gida ne ga gidajen tarihi da yawa na birnin da manyan wuraren shakatawa.<ref name="Maps">{{Cite web |title=Riverside, Wichita, KS |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Riverside,+Wichita,+KS&hl=en&ll=37.698627,-97.357407&spn=0.027369,0.066047&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=55.411532,135.263672&hnear=Riverside,+Wichita,+Sedgwick,+Kansas&t=m&z=15 |access-date=2012-07-12 |publisher=[[Google Maps]]}}</ref><ref name="KWCH">{{Cite web |last=White |first=Rebecca |date=2012-06-21 |title=Riverside neighborhood part of Wichita's history |url=http://www.kwch.com/news/kwch-rew-riverside-neighborhood-part-of-wichitas-history-20120621,0,833414.story |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623115559/http://www.kwch.com/news/kwch-rew-riverside-neighborhood-part-of-wichitas-history-20120621,0,833414.story |archive-date=2012-06-23 |access-date=2012-07-12 |publisher=[[KWCH]]}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Campbell_Castle.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px|Gidan sarauta na Campbell]] An kafa Riverside a cikin Maris 1886 lokacin da Kamfanin Riverside Land Company, wanda mai haɓaka James Oakley Davidson ya jagoranta, ya sa an bincika yankin kuma an sanya shi.  Kamfanin ya yi niyya don sabon unguwar ya zama wurin zama na Wichita mafi salo kuma yana tallafawa gina gadoji da layin trolley don haɗa ta zuwa cikin gari.  Kasuwar gidaje ta gida ta ruguje a shekara mai zuwa, duk da haka, ci gaban ya tsaya cik tsawon shekaru goma.  A shekara ta 1889, da yawa daga cikin masu zuba jari na kamfanin, ciki har da Davidson da Burton Campbell, sun gina manyan gidaje masu daraja ga kansu.  Gidan na Campbell, wanda aka kera bayan gidan sarauta na Scotland, ya zama sananne da Campbell Castle ko Crumb Castle a cikin gida kuma a ƙarshe an sanya shi alamar tarihi..<ref name="Photos">{{Cite web |title=Photos: Wichita's Riverside Neighborhood |url=http://www.kwch.com/news/kwch-photos-riverside-neighborhood-20120620,0,1336145.photogallery |access-date=2012-07-12 |publisher=[[KWCH]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1897, gwamnatin birnin Wichita ta sayi ƙasa a cikin unguwar kuma ta fara haɓaka wuraren shakatawa. Har ila yau, ya gina wasu gadoji guda biyu, yana kara damar shiga yankin kuma yana jan hankalin masu sayen gidaje.<ref name="KWCH"/> Riverside ya zama sanannen wurin shakatawa ga mazauna yankin, kuma ci gaba ya ci gaba a cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya. An buɗe gidan jirgin ruwa na Riverside a kan Kogin Little Arkansas a ƙarshen shekarun 1890 sannan kuma gidan zoo a Central Riverside Park a 1921 da kuma wurin yin iyo na jama'a a South Riverside park a 1923.<ref name="Photos"/> An buɗe Gidan Tarihin Wichita a cikin 1935.<ref name="Art">{{Cite web |title=Museum History |url=http://wichitaartmuseum.org/wamInfo.html |access-date=2012-07-12 |publisher=[[Wichita Art Museum]] |archive-date=2012-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619065221/http://wichitaartmuseum.org/wamInfo.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 1938, Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka ta maye gurbin tafkin da tafkin na biyu da ake kira Municipal Beach . <ref name="Photos" /> Da farko a cikin shekarun 1960, ci gaba da canza Riverside sosai yayin da aka buɗe sabbin shafuka kuma wasu suka rufe. An rushe gidan jirgin ruwa a cikin shekarun 1960 a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin sabunta birane. Hakazalika, an rufe gidan zoo kuma an rushe shi a 1973 tare da buɗe gidan zoo na Sedgwick County a yammacin birnin.<ref name="Photos"/> A cikin shekarun 1970s, birnin ya ba da kuɗin gina sabon kayan aiki don Gidan Tarihi na Art.<ref name="Art"/> Don tunawa da Bicentennial na Amurka, birnin yana da The Keeper of the Plains, wani mutum-mutumi na ƙarfe mai mita 44 da mai zane Blackbear Bosin ya gina, wanda aka gina a wurin haɗuwar Arkansas da Little Arkansas Rivers a shekara ta 1974.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keeper of the Plains |url=http://www.wichita.gov/Government/Departments/Arts/Pages/Keeper-of-the-Plains.aspx/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702140035/https://www.wichita.gov/Government/Departments/Arts/Pages/Keeper-of-the-Plains.aspx |archive-date=2016-07-02 |access-date=2016-08-28 |publisher=City of Wichita}}</ref> Cibiyar Mid-America All-Indian ta buɗe a shekara ta 1976.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Founding of MAAIC |url=http://www.theindiancenter.org/AboutUs/Evolves/08.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909155715/http://www.theindiancenter.org/AboutUs/Evolves/08.htm |archive-date=2006-09-09 |access-date=2012-07-12 |publisher=Mid-America All-Indian Center}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, Cibiyar Tennis ta Ralph Wurz ta buɗe a tsohon shafin yanar gizon Municipal Beach . <ref name="Photos" /> A shekara ta 1987, birnin ya buɗe Botanica, The Wichita Gardens a Riverside . <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Botanica |url=http://www.botanica.org/about-botanica |access-date=2012-07-12 |publisher=[[Botanica, The Wichita Gardens]]}}</ref> A yau, Riverside an dauke shi a matsayin unguwar tarihi da aka sani da gine-ginensa kuma a matsayin cibiyar al'adu da nishaɗi a Wichita . <ref name="KWCH"/> Har ila yau, ya zama sanannen yanki na zama ga ɗaliban koleji da matasa masu sana'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wichita, KS (Cow Town) |url=http://www.neighborhoodscout.com/ks/wichita/cow-town/#desc |access-date=2012-07-12 |publisher=Neighborhood Scout}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Riverside tana a 37°41′55′′N 97°21′35′′W / 37.69861°N 97.35972°W / 37. 69861; -97.359 72 (37.698611, -97. 359722) a tsawo na 1,306 feet (398 m). Kogin Arkansas ya samar da iyakar yamma da kudancinsa, 13th Street North iyakar arewacinsa, da Bitting Street, Little Arkansas River, da Nims Street iyakar gabashinsa. Haɗuwar koguna biyu sun zama kusurwar kudu maso gabashin unguwar.<ref name="CityMap"/><ref name="Maps"/> Yana nan da nan a arewa maso yammacin Downtown Wichita, Riverside iyaka da Midtown zuwa gabas da North Riverside zuwa arewa. Delano yana kwance a fadin Kogin Arkansas zuwa kudu; Indian Hills yana kwance ne a fadin kogi zuwa yamma.<ref name="CityMap" /> == Gwamnati == Don dalilan wakilci a Majalisar Birnin Wichita, Riverside tana cikin Gundumar Majalisar 6.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wichita Council District 6 |url=http://www.wichita.gov/NR/rdonlyres/E7D73707-6A3C-4D45-9C5B-740CAF2E3C83/0/councildistrict6_11x17.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713090306/http://wichita.gov/NR/rdonlyres/E7D73707-6A3C-4D45-9C5B-740CAF2E3C83/0/councildistrict6_11x17.pdf |archive-date=2012-07-13 |access-date=2012-07-21 |publisher=City of Wichita}}</ref> Don dalilan wakilci a Majalisar Dokokin Kansas, Riverside tana cikin gundumomi na 25 da 29 na Majalisar Dattijan Kansas da kuma gundumar 92 na Majalisar Wakilai ta Kansas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kansas Data - 2012 Primary Election Districts |url=http://www.ipsr.ku.edu/ksdata/vote/primary2012.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808145749/http://www.ipsr.ku.edu/ksdata/vote/primary2012.shtml |archive-date=2012-08-08 |access-date=2012-07-21 |publisher=[[University of Kansas]] Institute for Policy & Social Research}}</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun Jama'a na Wichita suna aiki da kayan aiki guda ɗaya a cikin unguwar: Makarantar Firamare ta Riverside Leadership Magnet . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Directory of Buildings |url=https://www.usd259.org/cms/lib/KS01906405/Centricity/Shared/WPS%20map.pdf |access-date=2018-09-11 |publisher=Wichita Public Schools |archive-date=2018-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816062004/https://www.usd259.org/cms/lib/KS01906405/Centricity/Shared/WPS%20map.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gidajen shakatawa da nishaɗi == Ma'aikatar Wasanni da Wasanni ta Wichita tana kula da wuraren shakatawa guda biyar a Riverside: Oak Park, Sim Park, Central Riverside Park, North Riverside park, da South Riversidepark. Da yake a kan titin West 11th, Oak Park ya mamaye kadada 37.5 (15.2 a gefen gabas na Little Arkansas River kuma ya haɗa da filin golf na frisbee, hanyoyin yanayi, da kuma yankin zama na halitta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oak Park |url=http://www.wichita.gov/ParkandRec/CityParks/Pages/Oak.aspx |access-date=2018-09-11 |publisher=City of Wichita |archive-date=2018-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912022146/http://www.wichita.gov/ParkandRec/CityParks/Pages/Oak.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{Convert|181.48|acre|ha}} Sim Park yana kan gabas na Kogin Arkansas kuma an raba shi zuwa yankuna da yawa: Arthur B. Sim Municipal Golf Course, babban yanki na biki, yankin mazaunin halitta, Botanica, da Old Cowtown Museum. Har ila yau, wurin shakatawa ya haɗa da hanyar motsa jiki tare da tashoshin motsa jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sim Park |url=http://www.wichita.gov/ParkandRec/CityParks/Pages/Sim.aspx |access-date=2018-09-11 |publisher=City of Wichita |archive-date=2018-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912022132/http://www.wichita.gov/ParkandRec/CityParks/Pages/Sim.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wuraren shakatawa guda uku na Riverside sune tsakiyar tsarin wurin shakatawa na birni.  Mafi girma, Central Riverside Park, yana da girman eka 58 (has 23) a yammacin gabar Kogin Little Arkansas kuma yana ba da masaukin buɗaɗɗen iska, filin wasa, da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai ma'amala da kuma zane-zane na waje da tsarin tarihi.  Har ila yau, gida ne ga Bikin Tunawa da Mutanen Espanya-Amurka da ƙaramin gidan zoo, nunin namun daji na Kansas.[] Park Riverside Park ya rufe kadada 30 (12 ha) akan gabar gabas na kogin nan da nan kudu maso gabashin Oak Park.  Wuri ne na gine-ginen tarihi da yawa da suka haɗa da Park Villa, wani dutse da gidan taro mai rufin rufin da ake amfani da shi don taron jama'a.[] Gidan shakatawa na 30-acre (12 ha) South Riverside Park yana zaune a kan titin West Central a cikin lankwasa takalmi na kos ɗin ƙaramin Arkansas kuma gida ne ga Cibiyar Tennis ta Ralph Wurz Riverside. . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Riverside Park - South |url=http://www.wichita.gov/ParkandRec/CityParks/Pages/RiversideSouth.aspx |access-date=2018-09-11 |publisher=City of Wichita |archive-date=2018-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912022123/http://www.wichita.gov/ParkandRec/CityParks/Pages/RiversideSouth.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Al'adu == === Abubuwan da ke da sha'awa === * Botanica, lambunan Wichita * Mai Kula da Filayen * Cibiyar Tsakiyar Amurka * Gidan Tarihi na Tsohon Cowtown * Gidan Tarihin Wichita == Sufuri == Nims shine babban titin arewa zuwa kudu ta Riverside. Arewacin Kogin Boulevard, sunansa ya canza zuwa Titin Bitting. Kogin Boulevard yana bin hanya mai jujjuyawa tare da gabar yamma na Kogin Arkansas. Kudancin Murdock Street, sunanta ya canza zuwa Stackman Drive. Sauran hanyoyin jijiya sun hada da titin 13th, wanda ke tafiya gabas-yamma tare da gefen arewa na unguwar, da Seneca, titin arewa-kudu wanda ke shiga Riverside daga kudu kuma ya juya gabas ya zama Central Avenue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Riverside, Wichita, KS |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Riverside,+Wichita,+KS+67203/@37.6942486,-97.3504096,15z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x87bae17bed12376d:0x54a4b381a738067c!8m2!3d37.698548!4d-97.3597586 |access-date=2018-09-12 |publisher=Google Maps}}</ref> == Hotunan guraren == <gallery class="center" widths="160px" heights="120px"> Fayil:Bitting_Historic_District.JPG|Bitting Historic District File:ThisIsAmbient-KeeperOfThePlains-Day.png|''The Keeper of the Plains'' Fayil:Mid-America_All-Indian_Center.jpg|Mid-America All-Indian Center Fayil:Riverside_Cottage.JPG|Riverside Cottage Fayil:Stackman_Court_Apartments.JPG|Stackman Court Apartments Fayil:Wichita_Art_Museum.jpg|Wichita Art Museum </gallery> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6hfc6cjgd5xyvf92g5tn84jrh48b395 0 110905 892635 690609 2026-08-07T18:59:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892635 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Mata na All Red Nations ('''WARN''') kungiya ce ta mata ta 'Yan asalin Amurka wacce ta yi yaƙi don' yancin farar hula da na haihuwa na 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka. An kafa shi a cikin 1974 ta hanyar Lorelei DeCora Means, [[Madonna Thunder Hawk|Madonna Thunderhawk]], [[Phyllis Young]], Janet McCloud, Marie Sanchez da sauransu. WARN ya hada da mata sama da 300 daga al'ummomin kabilanci 30 daban-daban. Da yawa daga cikin mambobinta a baya sun kasance masu aiki a cikin [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka]] kuma sun kasance mahalarta a cikin abin da ya faru na Wounded Knee na 1973. Taron farko ya faru ne a Rapid City, Dakota ta Kudu . Mata na All Red Nations (WARN) sun goyi bayan lafiyar matan 'yan asalin Amurka, maidowa da tsaro na haƙƙin yarjejeniya, kawar da kayan masarufi na Indiya a wasanni, da kuma zanga-zanga game da kasuwanci na al'adun' yan asalin Amurka. Bugu da ƙari, WARN ta jaddada yawan batutuwan kiwon lafiya kamar lahani na haihuwa, zubar da ciki, da mutuwa a ƙasar 'yan asalin Amurka daga hakar nukiliya da ajiya. WARN ta kuma nuna damuwa game da tilasta wa mata 'yan asalin ƙasar da kuma karɓar yara' yan asalin ƙasar da ba 'yan asalin ƙasa ba. A cikin jaridarsu ta shekara-shekara, WARN ta buga "Theft of Life" don jawo hankali ga ci gaba da tilasta wa mata 'yan asalin ƙasar. A shekara ta 1979, an sake buga labarin don sauraron batutuwan kare hakkin bil'adama na Indiya, wanda aka gudanar a Washington DC a matsayin wani ɓangare na Hukumar Kare Hakkin Bil'adama ta Amurka. Wani binciken WARN na 1974 ya ba da rahoton cewa, a cikin shekarun 1970s, kashi 40-50% na matan 'yan asalin da aka yi hira sun yi imanin cewa an yi musu kaciya, kodayake binciken da ya biyo baya ya nuna cewa wannan ƙididdigar ta yi yawa. Kimanin yaduwar haihuwa yana da wahala, kamar yadda yawan jama'a ya sami karuwa a wannan lokacin, yayin da yawancin waɗanda suka shiga cikin wannan tsari sun riga sun sami yara uku ko hudu. A sakamakon kokarin da WARN ke yi na jawo hankali ga waɗannan ayyukan, a cikin 1979 [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam ta Amurka]] ta bayar da ka'idojin da ke kula da hana haihuwa. A cikin 1980, WARN ta ba da rahoto wanda ke nuna alaƙar kididdiga tsakanin matakan gurɓata a Pine Ridge Reservation da karuwar abubuwan da suka faru na lahani na haihuwa, zubar da ciki da ciwon daji. An yi amfani da wannan yankin don hakar [[Uranium mining|Ma'adinai na uranium]], ya yi aiki a matsayin kewayon bindigogi na soja kuma an sanya shi cikin gurɓataccen herbicide da insecticide daga gonakin da ba a ajiye su ba. == Tarihin kungiyar == Bayani ya bambanta game da ko an kafa WARN a 1974 a Rapid City, Dakota ta Kudu, ko kuma an kafa shi a 1978 a San Francisco, California. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Encyclopedia of the Great Plains {{!}} WOMEN OF ALL RED NATIONS |url=http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.pd.059 |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=plainshumanities.unl.edu}}</ref> Kafin kafa nasu kungiyar, wasu daga cikin matan da suka kafa WARN sun kasance masu gwagwarmaya da ke aiki a cikin [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka]] (AIM) kuma suna aiki a cikin Wounded Knee Insurrection na 1973. Madonna Thunderhawk da Lorelei DeCora Means dukansu sun kasance wani ɓangare na Pie Patrol a cikin AIM a lokacin da aka mamaye Wounded Knee . Sauran masu haɗin gwiwa guda biyu, Janet McCloud da Phyllis Young, sun kuma shiga cikin wasu ayyukan Red Power. Kusan mata 200 daga kabilun daban-daban sama da 30 sun tafi taron kafa WARN.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boomer |first=Lee |title=Women of All Red Nations |url=https://wams.nyhistory.org/growth-and-turmoil/feminism-and-the-backlash/women-of-all-red-nations/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=Women & the American Story |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115154316/https://wams.nyhistory.org/growth-and-turmoil/feminism-and-the-backlash/women-of-all-red-nations/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} An kafa kungiyar ne sakamakon karuwar takaici tare da rashin ganuwa, kuma saboda tsananta wa shugabannin maza na AIM da FBI ta yi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boomer |first=Lee |title=Women of All Red Nations |url=https://wams.nyhistory.org/growth-and-turmoil/feminism-and-the-backlash/women-of-all-red-nations/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=Women & the American Story |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115154316/https://wams.nyhistory.org/growth-and-turmoil/feminism-and-the-backlash/women-of-all-red-nations/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gwamnatin tarayya ta kama yawancin masu gwagwarmayar maza amma ba ta kama mata masu gwagwa ba. Tsawon ɗaurin kurkuku ko gwaji ga shugabannin maza ya bukaci mata su cika matsayin jagoranci. Mata sun kafa WARN don mayar da martani ga wannan rashin kulawa da su da kuma ci gaba da kamfen don haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Har ila yau, kafa WARN ya ba wa 'yan asalin mata damar mayar da hankali kan batutuwan da suka shafi su a matsayin mata musamman. == zanga-zangar da ayyukan siyasa == WARN ta kasance kuma tana da hannu sosai a taron kasa kuma tana aiki tare da wasu kungiyoyin mata a kai a kai. Ita memba ce ta Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa, wacce ke da niyyar inganta manufofi don inganta abubuwan da ke haifar da mata marasa rinjaye. Babban matakan siyasa da WARN ta dauka sune inganta ilimi da dama, kiwon lafiya, da haƙƙin haihuwa ga matan 'yan asalin Amurka. Har ila yau, yana da niyyar kawo karshen tashin hankali ga mata, da kuma dakatar da cin zarafin 'yan asalin Amurka ta hanyar al'adun gargajiya, kamar amfani da Indiyawa na Amurka a cikin kayan wasan motsa jiki. Kazalika da duk waɗannan WARN suna ba da shawara don kare ƙasar ƙabilar da yarjejeniyoyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women of All Red Nations (WARN) {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-of-All-Red-Nations |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Don nuna rashin amincewa da batutuwan da WARN ke bayarwa, an dauki matakin siyasa kuma an gudanar da zanga-zangar. A shekara ta 1978, Janet McCloud ta jagoranci tafiya tsakanin shafuka da yawa, daga West Coast har zuwa Washington DC. Gudun ya kai kilomita 3,000. A ƙarshen tafiyar, an gudanar da zanga-zangar a Washington DC. zanga-zambe ta yi adawa da sabbin takardun kudi da aka gabatar waɗanda za su ƙuntata haƙƙin yarjejeniyar 'yan asalin ƙasar, da kuma takardun da za su keta haƙƙin kamun kifi, farauta, ƙasa, da na ruwa da jama'ar ƙasar ke riƙe da su. Fiye da mutane 30,000 sun taru a babban birnin don adawa da waɗannan kudaden. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan taron, McCloud ya yi tafiya zuwa Seattle kuma ya lalata takardun kudi a gaban ofishin wakilin Seattle. Duk da yake wasu zanga-zangar da tarurruka da yawa sun faru a wannan lokacin, wannan shine kawai wanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da WARN.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thompson |first=Becky |date=2002 |title=Multiracial Feminism: Recasting the Chronology of Second Wave Feminism |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3178747 |journal=Feminist Studies |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=337–360 |doi=10.2307/3178747 |issn=0046-3663 |jstor=3178747 |url-access=subscription |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Sun kuma shiga cikin zanga-zangar bututun mai na Keystone XL (KXL) a shekarar 2020. zanga-zangar da aka yi game da gina bututun mai a kusa da wuraren ajiya zai yi barazana ga ruwa da yanayi. Jirgin ya ƙetare akalla ruwa guda biyar da al'ummomin 'yan asalin Amurka ke amfani da su, da kuma ɗaukar ganga na mai a fadin waɗannan ƙasashe. Tare da barazanar yanayi, WARN ta yi zanga-zanga don kare lafiyar 'yan asalin Amurka mata da' yan mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Warrior Women: #WARNRidesAgain |url=https://lakotalaw.org/news/2020-01-24/warn-rides-again |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=lakotalaw.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m8m3x44fgcwwc1p7dik3wg99ij40ib2 0 112090 892757 700444 2026-08-08T06:00:00Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 892757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization|name=General Medical Council|alt=|map=|abbreviation=|founder=|type=[[Charitable organisation]]|headquarters=[[Regent's Place]] <br> [[Euston Road]] <br> [[London]]|membership=|language=|owner=<!-- or | owners = -->|subsidiaries=|budget=|revenue=}} Majalisar Likitoci ta Janar (GMC) ƙungiya ce ta jama'a wacce ke kula da rajistar likitocin a cikin Burtaniya. Babban alhakinta shine "kare, haɓakawa da kiyaye lafiya da amincin jama'a" ta hanyar sarrafa shigar da rajista, da dakatarwa ko cire membobin idan ya cancanta. Hakanan yana tsara ma'auni na makarantun likitanci a Burtaniya. Kasancewa cikin rajistar yana ba da gata mai yawa a ƙarƙashin Sashe na VI na Dokar Kiwon Lafiya ta 1983. Laifi ne mai laifi yin da'awar zama memba na ƙarya. GMC tana samun tallafin kuɗin da membobinta ke biya, kuma ta zama ƙungiyar agaji mai rijista a 2001. == Tarihi == Dokar Kiwon Lafiya ta 1858 ta kafa Babban Majalisar Ilimi da Rijistar Kiwon Lafiyar Ingila a matsayin hukuma ta doka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Finch |first=Ernest |date=November 1958 |title=The centenary of the General Council of Medical Education and Registration of the United Kingdom (The General Medical Council) 1858-1958 in relation to medical education |journal=[[Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England]] |volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=321–331 |pmc=2413715 |pmid=13595529}}</ref> Da farko membobinta ne suka zaba daga membobin sana'a, kuma sun ji daɗin amincewa da yawa daga sana'a. == Manufar == Dukkanin ayyukan GMC sun samo asali ne daga abin da ake buƙata na doka don kafawa da kiyaye rajista, wanda shine jerin sunayen likitoci na wucin gadi ko cikakke "masu aikin likita masu rajista", a cikin ɓangaren jama'a a Burtaniya.<ref name="Medical Act">{{Cite web |title=About us: Legislation: Medical Act 1983 |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/about/legislation/medical_act.asp#1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221044114/http://www.gmc-uk.org/about/legislation/medical_act.asp#1 |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=17 September 2014 |publisher=General Medical Council}}</ref> GMC tana sarrafa shigarwa cikin Jerin Likitocin da aka yi rajista ("rikodin likita"). Dokar Kiwon Lafiya ta 1983 (wanda aka gyara) ta lura cewa, "Babban manufar Babban Majalisar wajen aiwatar da ayyukansu shine karewa, ingantawa da kula da lafiya da lafiyar jama'a. "<ref name="Medical Act" /> Abu na biyu, GMC tana tsarawa da kuma saita ka'idoji ga makarantun kiwon lafiya a Burtaniya, kuma tana hulɗa da wasu ƙasashe masu kula da kiwon lafiya da jami'o'i a kan makarantun kiwo a kasashen waje, wanda ke haifar da wasu cancanta da aka amince da juna. Tun daga shekara ta 2010, ta kuma tsara ilimin likitanci na digiri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Order of Council 2010 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/473/made |access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Na uku, GMC tana da alhakin tsarin lasisi da sake tabbatarwa ga duk likitoci masu aiki a Burtaniya, sun rabu da tsarin rajista, tun daga 3 ga Disamba 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Statutory Instruments 2012 No. 2685. Health Care and Associated Professions. Doctors. The General Medical Council (Licence to Practise and Revalidation) Regulations Order of Council 2012 |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/2685/contents/made |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511213017/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/2685/contents/made |archive-date=11 May 2013 |access-date=15 January 2022 |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> == Ayyuka da iko == Saboda ka'idar cin gashin kai da dokar yarda babu wani ƙuntatawa na doka akan wanda zai iya kula da marasa lafiya ko samar da sabis na kiwon lafiya ko na kiwon lafiyar. A wasu kalmomi, ba laifi ba ne a samar da abin da za a dauka a matsayin taimakon likita ko magani ga wani mutum - kuma ba kawai a cikin gaggawa ba. Wannan ya bambanta da matsayin da ya shafi dabbobi, inda laifi ne a karkashin Dokar Likitocin Dabbobi ta 1966 ga wanda ba likitan dabbobi ba ne (ko a wasu yanayi mafi iyakantaccen ma'aikacin dabbobi) don samar da magani (sai a cikin gaggawa) ga dabba da ba su da mallakar. Majalisar, tun lokacin da aka kafa Dokar 1858, ta ba da iko ga GMC don ba da fa'idodi da alhakin shari'a daban-daban ga waɗancan likitocin da aka yi rajista tare da GMC - ƙungiyar jama'a da ƙungiya, kamar yadda aka bayyana, na Dokar Kiwon Lafiya ta 1983, ta Mista Burnett a cikin Ƙungiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Burtaniya da Babban Majalisar Kiwon Laƙabilar. {{Cquote|Registration brings with it the privileges, as they are described, set out in Part 6 of the Act. In reality, they comprise prohibitions for all those not registered. Section 46 prohibits any person from recovering in a court of law any charge rendered for medical advice, attendance or surgery unless he is registered. Section 47 provides that only those registered can act as physicians, surgeons or medical officers in any NHS hospital, prison, in the armed forces or other public institutions. Section 48 invalidates certificates, such as sick notes or prescriptions, if signed by someone who is unregistered. Section 49 imposes penalties via criminal offences for pretending to be a registered medical practitioner.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bailii.org/cgi-bin/markup.cgi?doc=/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2008/2602.html|title=British Medical Association, R (on the application of) v General Medical Council &#91;2008&#93; EWHC 2602 (Admin) (3 October 2008) |last=MR JUSTICE BURNETT |website=bailii.org|access-date=4 May 2018}}</ref>}} Ta hanyar abin da, ta hanyar umarni a cikin Majalisar Privy, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Medical Act 1983 (Amendment) Order 2002 |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/3135/part/I/made/data.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504181002/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/3135/part/I/made/data.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2018 |access-date=4 May 2018 |website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> GMC ta bayyana "Babban manufar Babban Majalisar wajen aiwatar da ayyukansu shine karewa, ingantawa da kula da lafiya da lafiyar jama'a". GMC tana samun kuɗi ta hanyar kudaden shekara-shekara da ake buƙata daga waɗanda ke son yin rajista da kudade don jarrabawa. Kudin rajista ya karu sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata: kudaden 2007 = £ 290, kudaden 2008 = £ 390, kudaden 2009 = £ 410, kudaden 2010 = £ 420, kudaden 2011 = £ 420 , tare da rangwamen 50% ga likitocin da ke samun ƙasa da £ 32,000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Registration and licensing: Fees |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/doctors/fees.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715220248/http://www.gmc-uk.org/doctors/fees.asp |archive-date=15 July 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015 |publisher=General Medical Council}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2011, biyo bayan Takardar Umurni "Enabling Excellence-Autonomy and Accountability for Healthcare Workers, Social Workers and Social Care Workers", GMC ta rage kudaden rajista daidai da dabarun Gwamnati don sake fasalin da sauƙaƙe tsarin don tsara ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a Burtaniya da ma'aikatan zamantakewa da ma'aikata na kula da zamantakewa a Ingila kuma suna buƙatar cewa "[A]t lokacin hana albashi a bangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu, ana buƙatar rage nauyin kudaden ga kowane masu rajista. " === Rubuce-rubucen likitoci a Burtaniya === {{Cquote|The GMC maintains a register of medical practitioners. However, no law expressly prohibits any unregistered or unqualified person from practicing most types of medicine or even surgery. A criminal offence is committed only when such a person deliberately and falsely represents himself as being a registered practitioner or as having a medical qualification. The rationale of the criminal law is that people should be free to opt for any form of advice or treatment, however bizarre...<ref>{{cite book |author1=Cave, Emma |author2=Brazier, Margaret |title=Medicine, patients and the law |publisher=Penguin Books |location=New York |year=2007 |pages=6 |isbn=978-0-14-103020-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JFgdAQAAMAAJ}}</ref>}} Rijistar tare da GMC tana ba da dama da ayyuka da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The privileges and duties of doctors: UK statutes |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/doctors/information_for_doctors/privileges.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223081919/http://www.gmc-uk.org/doctors/information_for_doctors/privileges.asp |archive-date=23 February 2015 |access-date=8 February 2015 |publisher=General Medical Council}}</ref> Rijistar GMC na iya zama na wucin gadi ko cikakke. Ana ba da rajista na wucin gadi ga waɗanda suka kammala makarantar likita kuma suka shiga shekara ta farko (FY1) na horar da likita; ana iya canza wannan zuwa cikakken rajista bayan kammala shekara ta farko ta horar da digiri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctors who hold provisional registration and want to apply for full registration |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/doctors/registration_applications/PRFR.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020192318/http://www.gmc-uk.org/doctors/registration_applications/PRFR.asp |archive-date=20 October 2017 |access-date=8 February 2015 |publisher=General Medical Council}}</ref> A baya, an ba da nau'i na uku na rajista ("ƙayyadadden rajista") ga likitocin da suka kammala karatu a waje da Burtaniya kuma waɗanda suka kammala jarrabawar kwamitin ƙwarewa da harshe amma har yanzu ba su kammala wani lokaci na aiki a Burtaniya ba. An soke iyakantaccen rajista a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 2007 kuma yanzu masu karatun likitanci na duniya na iya neman rajista na wucin gadi ko cikakken rajista dangane da matakin kwarewarsu - har yanzu suna da biyan bukatun GMC don ilimi da ƙwarewa da harshen Ingilishi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Applying for registration as an International Medical Graduate |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/doctors/before_you_apply/imgs.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105181249/http://www.gmc-uk.org/doctors/before_you_apply/imgs.asp |archive-date=5 November 2017 |access-date=8 February 2015 |publisher=General Medical Council}}</ref> An ƙayyade nau'in da abun ciki na rajista a cikin Dokokin Babban Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya (Hanyar da Abun ciki na Rijistar) na 2015. Bayanai da aka rubuta sun haɗa da sunan, adireshin, ranar cancanta, jinsi, ranar haihuwa, hoto, dacewa da yin aiki tarihin, ƙuntatawa da kuma ko suna da lasisi don yin aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Managing the UK medical register |url=https://www.gmc-uk.org/about/what-we-do-and-why/managing-the-uk-medical-register |access-date=16 March 2024 |archive-date=16 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316002225/https://www.gmc-uk.org/about/what-we-do-and-why/managing-the-uk-medical-register |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ba duk bayanan da ke cikin rajistar ba ne ga jama'a. GMC tana gudanar da Gwajin kwamitin kimantawa na sana'a da harshe (PLAB), wanda dole ne likitocin kasashen waje da ba na [[Tarayyar Turai]] ba su zauna kafin su iya yin aikin likita a Burtaniya a matsayin likita mai rijista. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Ana iya cire likitan da aka gano ya aikata wasu laifuka daga ("ƙare") rajistar likita. === Lasisi da sake tabbatar da likitoci a Burtaniya === Yanzu an ba GMC ikon yin lasisi da sabunta aikin likitoci akai-akai a Burtaniya. Lokacin da aka gabatar da tsarin ba da lasisi a cikin 2009, 13,500 (6.1%) na likitocin da suka yi rajista sun zaɓi kada a ba su lasisi.[1] Likitocin da ba su da lasisi amma masu rijista suna yiwuwa su zama malamai marasa koyarwa, manajoji, ko masu aiki a ƙasashen waje, ko kuma sun yi ritaya. Ganin cewa duk likitocin da suka yi rajista a Burtaniya an ba su lasisin yin aiki ta atomatik sau ɗaya a cikin Nuwamba 2009, tun daga Disamba 2012 babu lasisin da za a sabunta ta atomatik, amma za a sake sabunta shi duk bayan shekaru biyar. Babu likita yanzu da za a yi rajista a karon farko ba tare da an ba shi lasisin yin aiki ba kodayake likita mai lasisi na iya barin lasisin idan ya ga dama. Babu likita mara lasisi amma likita mai rijista a Burtaniya da ke ƙarƙashin sake tabbatarwa. Koyaya, likitoci marasa lasisi amma masu rijista a Burtaniya har yanzu suna ƙarƙashin tsarin motsa jiki-zuwa aiki, kuma ana buƙatar bin kyakkyawan jagorar aikin likita na GMC. [abubuwan da ake bukata]]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Kafa ka'idojin aikin likita mai kyau === GMC yana tsara ƙa'idodin ƙwararru da ɗabi'a waɗanda ake buƙatar likitoci a Burtaniya su bi. Babban jagorar da GMC ke bayarwa ga likitoci ana kiransa Good Medical Practice.] Wannan ya bayyana ma'auni na ƙwararrun ƙwararrun da jama'a ke tsammani daga likitocinsa kuma yana ba da ƙa'idodin da ke ƙarfafa shawarwarin motsa jiki na GMC. An rubuta asali a cikin 1995, bugu da aka sabunta ya fara aiki a cikin Nuwamba 2006, kuma wani yana aiki daga 22 Afrilu 2013. Abubuwan da ke cikin Kyawawan Ayyukan Kiwon lafiya an sake tsara su zuwa sassa huɗu na ayyuka. Mafi mahimmancin canjin su shine maye gurbin wani aiki zuwa, "Yi aiki ba tare da bata lokaci ba idan kuna da dalili mai kyau don yin imani cewa ku ko abokin aiki na iya sanya marasa lafiya cikin haɗari," zuwa wani sabon aiki don, "Daukar matakin gaggawa idan kuna tunanin cewa ana lalata lafiyar haƙuri, [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|mutunci]] ko ta'aziyya". Tare da ɗan littafin jagora akwai jagororin bayani da yawa, gami da wani sabo game da amfani da kafofin watsa labarun. Hakanan GMC yana ba da ƙarin jagora ga likitoci kan takamaiman batutuwan ɗabi'a, kamar su kula da marasa lafiya a ƙasa da shekaru 18, kula da ƙarshen rayuwa, da rikice-rikice na sha'awa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethical guidance |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/guidance/ethical_guidance.asp |access-date=4 May 2018 |website=gmc-uk.org}}</ref> === Ilimin likita === GMC tana tsara ilimin likita da horo a Ƙasar Ingila. Yana gudanar da shirye-shiryen 'tabbatar inganci' don makarantun likitanci na Burtaniya da kuma digiri na biyu don tabbatar da cewa an cimma ka'idojin da ake bukata da sakamakon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Education and training |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/education/index.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205111752/https://www.gmc-uk.org/education/index.asp |archive-date=5 February 2018 |access-date=8 February 2015 |publisher=General Medical Council}}</ref> A cikin Fabrairun 2008 Sakataren Kiwon Lafiya na lokacin, Alan Johnson, ya yarda da shawarwarin Rahoton Takeke wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa Hukumar Kula da Ilimin Kiwon Lafiya ta Digiri da Digiri a cikin GMC.[1] Yayin da yake fahimtar nasarorin da PMETB ya samu, Farfesa John Tooke ya kammala cewa ana buƙatar haɗa ka'idoji zuwa jiki ɗaya; cewa a samu wata kungiya da ke kula da abin da ya kira 'ci gaba da karatun likitanci', tun daga lokacin da wani ya zabi aikin likitanci har ya yi ritaya. Haɗin, wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2010, PMETB da GMC sun yi maraba da su..<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2010 |title=News: PMETB merger goes ahead |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/publications/6563.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221003444/http://www.gmc-uk.org/publications/6563.asp |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=20 December 2014 |publisher=General Medical Council}}</ref> === Rashin halayyar da kuma dacewa da yin aiki === Ana iya tura likitan da aka yi rajista zuwa GMC idan akwai shakku game da lafiyarsu don yin aiki. GMC ta damu da tabbatar da cewa likitoci suna da aminci don yin aiki. Matsayinta ba, alal misali, ga likitoci masu kyau ko biyan diyya ga marasa lafiya bayan matsaloli (za a iya magance biyan diyya ta hanyar karar rashin aikin likita). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Raise a concern about a doctor |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/concerns/complaints_and_role_of_the_gmc.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020191255/http://www.gmc-uk.org/concerns/complaints_and_role_of_the_gmc.asp |archive-date=20 October 2017 |access-date=4 May 2018 |website=gmc-uk.org}}</ref> Sakamakon sauraron ana samun su a shafin yanar gizon GMC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/concerns/hearings_and_decisions/fitness_to_practise_decisions.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010115728/http://www.gmc-uk.org/concerns/hearings_and_decisions/fitness_to_practise_decisions.asp |archive-date=10 October 2017 |access-date=4 May 2018 |website=www.gmc-uk.org}}</ref> A tarihi kula da damuwa yana da rafi biyu: daya game da kiwon lafiya, ɗayan game da hali ko iyawa, amma an haɗa waɗannan rafi, cikin tsari ɗaya na motsa jiki. GMC tana da iko don bayar da shawara ko gargadi ga likitoci, karɓar ayyukan daga gare su, ko tura su zuwa kwamitin motsa jiki. Kwamitin kula da lafiya na GMC na iya karɓar ayyukan likita, bayar da gargadi, sanya sharuɗɗa akan aikin likita, dakatar da likita, ko cire su daga rajistar likita (lokacin da aka ce an 'buɗe su'). An tabbatar da shi akai-akai cewa lafiyar GMC don aiwatar da matakai ta shafi likitocin da ba fararen fata ba. Likitocin baƙar fata da na kabilanci suna gunaguni game da ƙarin, ana bincika su akai-akai, suna ba da mafi tsanani a kai a kai, kuma ba su da wakilci a duk fannoni na shugabanci a cikin GMC. A ranar 18 ga Yuni 2021, GMC, a karon farko a tarihinta an same shi da laifin nuna wariyar launin fata ga wani ba farar fata wata kotu a Burtaniya. Hukuncin da kotun da’ar ma’aikata ta Reading ta yanke, ta gano cewa GMC ta yi wa Dokta Karim mai ba da shawara kan ilimin urologist wariyar launin fata ta hanyar ci gaba da gudanar da bincike a kansa lokacin da ba ta binciki zargin da ake yi wa wani farar fata ba. Kotun ta ji Dr Karim sanannen likitan mata ne a duniya baki daya na kasashen Afirka baki daya da Turawa wanda ya kasance mai hura wuta a shari’ar da likitocin fida ke yi ba tare da horon da ya dace ba. Bayan binciken GMC, Dr Karim ya halarci zaman sauraron kararrakin motsa jiki a shekarar 2018, bayan da aka wanke shi daga wani laifi. Bayan sauraren karar, Dr Karim ya ce: “Tun da farko, GMC ta gan ni a matsayin bakar fata mai laifi kuma ya hana ni shaidar da za ta iya tabbatar da cewa ba ni da laifi.. Dr Karim ya bayyana zargin cin zarafi ba bisa ka'ida ba "abin takaici ne". Ya ce: "Kuna ji kamar komai ya ruguje kuma yana rugujewa. Lokacin da ba ku yi komai ba, kun gane cewa mutane na iya zama masu ramuwar gayya, GMC ta nuna min wariya kuma ina da kwararan hujjoji da ke nuna cewa ba ni da laifi amma sun hana ni shaida a lokacin kotuna na motsa jiki a 2018. Wannan babbar nasara ce kuma a karon farko da aka yi muku sunan GMC. Kuma sun yanke shawarar shari'ar tun da farko bisa ga hakan - abin mamaki ne, a gaskiya, asalina shine kawai bambanci tsakanina da mutumin da aka bar shi kuma shine babban kwatancena a duk wannan harka. === Jirgin gaggawa === Samun rajista tare da GMC (ko na wucin gadi ko cikakke) kuma yana bawa mai rajista damar dacewa da amfani da fitilun haske mai haske ga motansu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matt Prior: green light means go... doesn't it? |url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/opinion/tester%E2%80%99s-notes/matt-prior-green-light-means-go-doesnt-it |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=Autocar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Darren.Polley |date=12 August 2016 |title=Car Modifications |url=https://www.suffolk.police.uk/advice/roads-and-vehicles/car-modifications |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307115458/https://www.suffolk.police.uk/advice/roads-and-vehicles/car-modifications |archive-date=7 March 2021 |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=Suffolk Constabulary |language=en}}</ref> Ana iya amfani da irin waɗannan fitilu yayin halartar gaggawa na likita don faɗakar da wasu masu amfani da hanya game da kasancewarsu da niyyarsu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mallinson |first=Tom |date=6 October 2020 |title=Does driving using a Green Beacon reduce emergency response times in a rural setting? |journal=Rural and Remote Health |language=en |volume=20 |issue=4 |page=6114 |doi=10.22605/RRH6114 |pmid=33019797 |s2cid=222160654 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Hakanan zasu iya sanya motar likita ta fi ganuwa idan sun tsaya a wurin hatsari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2011 |title=Road Accidents (RTA) - Attending as a Passing Doctor |url=https://patient.info/doctor/Road-Accidents-Attending-as-a-Passing-Doctor.htm |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=patient.info |language=en}}</ref> Ba sa ba da izini ga dokokin zirga-zirgar hanya. == Gyara == Tun daga shekara ta 2001, yanke shawara na GMC na lafiya don yin aiki sun kasance ƙarƙashin bita ta Majalisar Kula da Lafiya (CHRE), wanda zai iya bambanta da jumla. GMC kuma tana da alhakin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta hanyar Kwamitin Zaɓin Lafiya. A cikin rahotonsa na farko game da GMC, Kwamitin ya bayyana GMC a matsayin "mai kula da kiwon lafiya mai inganci", amma ya yi kira ga wasu canje-canje ga ka'idojin motsa jiki da ayyuka, gami da ba da damar GMC damar yin kira ga hukuncin bangarorin ta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2011 |title=Health Committee publishes reports on healthcare regulators |url=http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/health-committee/news/11-07-26-nmcreportpublished/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715061504/http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/health-committee/news/11-07-26-nmcreportpublished/ |archive-date=15 July 2014 |access-date=3 July 2014 |publisher=United Kingdom Parliament}}</ref> A cikin 2000s, GMC ta aiwatar da sauye-sauye masu yawa na ƙungiyarta da hanyoyinta. A wani bangare, irin waɗannan motsi sun biyo bayan kashe-kashen Shipman. Sun bi jagorancin da gwamnatin Burtaniya ta kafa a cikin fararen takarda, Trust, Assurance and Safety . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm70/7013/7013.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003065739/http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm70/7013/7013.pdf |archive-date=3 October 2011 |access-date=27 October 2011}}</ref> A shekara ta 2001, an kara Freemasonry a cikin rajistar bukatun mambobin majalisa wanda GMC ta buga. Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman canje-canje shine rage girman Majalisar kanta, da canza abun da ke ciki zuwa daidaitattun adadin likitoci da membobin lay, maimakon yawancin su zama likitoci. Dokar da aka zartar a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2002 ta ba da izinin canje-canje a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin Majalisar daga shekara mai zuwa, tare da rage yawan mambobi daga 104 zuwa 35, yana ƙara yawan mambobi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dyer |first=Clare |date=10 May 2003 |title=New slimmed down GMC takes shape |journal=BMJ |volume=326 |issue=7397 |page=1002 |doi=10.1136/bmj.326.7397.1002/a |pmc=1169350}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2011, GMC ta karɓi ƙarin canje-canje waɗanda za su raba gabatarwar ta na shari'o'in motsa jiki daga shari'ar su, wanda zai zama alhakin sabon jiki, Hukumar Kula da Likitoci. A baya an soki GMC saboda hada wadannan matsayi biyu a cikin kungiya daya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2010 |title=GMC to retain adjudication on fitness to practise - Hospital Dr |url=http://www.hospitaldr.co.uk/blogs/our-news/gmc-to-retain-adjudication-on-fitness-to-practise |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924222729/http://www.hospitaldr.co.uk/blogs/our-news/gmc-to-retain-adjudication-on-fitness-to-practise |archive-date=24 September 2017 |access-date=4 May 2018 |website=hospitaldr.co.uk}}</ref> Tun daga 2012, lasisin likitoci don yin aiki yana ƙarƙashin sabuntawa na lokaci-lokaci, kulawa da kulawa ta GMC. Kwararrun likitocin suna shiga cikin kimantawa na shekara-shekara kuma suna tattara tarin shaida, tunani da ci gaba da koyo, wanda ƙwararren likitan da ya dace ya tantance kuma ya gabatar da shi ga GMC don nuna ci gaba da dacewa da aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revalidation for doctors |url=https://www.bma.org.uk/advice-and-support/career-progression/best-practice/revalidation-for-doctors |access-date=2 July 2025 |website=The British Medical Association is the trade union and professional body for doctors in the UK. |language=en-gb}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2011, Sakataren Harkokin Lafiya, Andrew Lansley, ya yi Rubutun Ministoci a cikin sashin Shari'a mai taken 'Ma'aikatan Kiwon Lafiya, Ma'aikatan Jama'a da Ma'aikatan Kiwan Lafiya' inda ya ce: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Health Care Workers, Social Workers and Social Care Workers: 16 Feb 2011: Hansard Written Answers - TheyWorkForYou |url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/wms/?id=2011-02-16a.85WS.1 |access-date=4 May 2018 |website=TheyWorkForYou}}</ref> {{Cquote|I have today laid before Parliament a Command Paper, "Enabling Excellence-Autonomy and Accountability for Healthcare Workers, Social Workers and Social Care Workers" (Cm 8008)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/documents/digitalasset/dh_124374.pdf|title=Enabling Excellence Autonomy and Accountability for Healthcare Workers, Social Workers and Social Care Workers|website=dh.gov.uk|access-date=4 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031125450/http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/documents/digitalasset/dh_124374.pdf|archive-date=31 October 2012}}</ref> setting out the Government's proposals for how the system for regulating health care workers across the United Kingdom and social workers in England should be reformed.}} A cikin Takardar umarni: {{Cquote|Should any regulators wish to propose mergers with other regulatory bodies to reduce costs as part of this work, the Government will view these proposals sympathetically. If the sector itself is unable to identify and secure significant cost reductions over the next three years, and contain registration fees, then the Government will revisit the issue of consolidating the sector into a more cost-effective configuration.}} Sir Liam Donaldson, tsohon babban jami'in kiwon lafiya kwanan nan ya gaya wa binciken jama'a na Mid Staffordshire Foundation Trust cewa ya shiga cikin tattaunawa game da Nursing da Midwifery Council haɗuwa da Babban Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya, amma masu goyon baya sun "dakatar" da ra'ayin kuma an kirkiro Majalisar Kula da Lafiya a maimakon haka don raba mafi kyawun aiki. Sir Liam ya ce CHRE ta kasance "mai nasara sosai" amma zai zama "ya cancanci kallon yiwuwar haɗuwa" tsakanin GMC da NMC.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2011 |title=Nurses see patients as 'diseased objects' |url=https://www.nursingtimes.net/archive/nurses-see-patients-as-diseased-objects-23-09-2011/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314054239/http://www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice-clinical-research/clinical-subjects/patient-safety/nurses-see-patients-as-diseased-objects/5035392.article |archive-date=14 March 2016 |access-date=4 May 2018 |website=nursingtimes.net}}</ref> == Rashin amincewa == === Gudanar da kai da kuma kula da korafe-korafe === Damuwa ta samo asali ne daga binciken da yawa wanda ke nuna cewa yadda GMC ke kula da korafe-korafe ya bambanta dangane da tseren ko cancantar kasashen waje, amma an yi jayayya cewa wannan na iya zama saboda dalilai na kai tsaye. Koyaya hukunce-hukuncen da kotun Burtaniya ta yanke a ranar 18 ga Yuni 2021 a karo na farko ta sami GMC da laifin nuna bambancin launin fata a cikin hanyoyin horo. Mutuwa da cututtuka tsakanin likitoci da ke wucewa ta hanyar GMC sun ja hankalin mutane. A cikin 2003/4 tsakanin 4 da 5% na likitocin da ke fuskantar lafiya don yin bincike sun mutu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - GMC |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/5b___Report_of_the_Health_Review__Final_.pdf_25399045.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215313/http://www.gmc-uk.org/5b___Report_of_the_Health_Review__Final_.pdf_25399045.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=4 May 2018 |website=gmc-uk.org}}</ref> Dangane da buƙatar bayanai daidai da [[Dokar ƴancin bayani ta 2000|Dokar 'Yancin Bayanai ta 2000]], GMC ta bayyana cewa likitoci 68 sun mutu kwanan nan yayin da suke fuskantar horo don yin bincike, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deaths during GMC investigation - 4 February 2011 |url=http://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/57592/response/148232/attach/html/2/DOC001.PDF.pdf.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306104342/https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/57592/response/148232/attach/html/2/DOC001.PDF.pdf.html |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=4 May 2018 |website=whatdotheyknow.com}}</ref> A cikin wani rahoto na ciki, "Doctors Who Commit Suicide While Under GMC Fitness to Practise Investigation", GMC ta gano likitoci 114, tare da matsakaicin shekaru 45, waɗanda suka mutu a cikin shekaru tara da suka gabata, kuma suna da shari'ar GMC a lokacin mutuwar, kuma a cikin abin da 28 suka mutu da (24) ko ƙoƙarin (4) kashe kansu <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2014 |title=GMC to introduce 'emotional resilience' training after finding 28 doctors under investigation committed suicide |url=http://www.pulsetoday.co.uk/your-practice/practice-topics/regulation/gmc-to-introduce-emotional-resilience-training-after-finding-28-doctors-under-investigation-committed-suicide/1/20008791.article |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115222147/http://www.pulsetoday.co.uk/your-practice/practice-topics/regulation/gmc-to-introduce-emotional-resilience-training-after-finding-28-doctors-under-investigation-committed-suicide/1/20008791.article |archive-date=15 November 2017 |access-date=4 May 2018 |website=pulsetoday.co.uk}}</ref> kuma sun ba da shawarar horar da 'resilience na motsin rai' ga likitoci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2016 |title=Suicides by doctors under investigation by GMC - a Freedom of Information request to General Medical Council |url=https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/suicides_by_doctors_under_invest#outgoing-569463 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510085307/https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/suicides_by_doctors_under_invest#outgoing-569463 |archive-date=10 May 2017 |access-date=4 May 2018 |website=whatdotheyknow.com}}</ref> A cikin gargadi game da "mafi yawan tsari" Dokta Clare Gerada, tsohon shugaban Royal College of General Practitioners, ya yi sharhi: {{Cquote|We already spend up to one billion pounds regulating doctors. We are one of the most over-regulated professions around and there will always be people who fall through. If we pile on more and more regulation, we will never win.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pulsetoday.co.uk/gerada-warning-on-over-regulation-after-documentary-secretly-films-gp-consultations/12822006.article |title=Gerada warning on 'over-regulation' after documentary secretly films GP consultations |work=Pulse |date=4 October 2011 |access-date=3 July 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115221851/http://www.pulsetoday.co.uk/gerada-warning-on-over-regulation-after-documentary-secretly-films-gp-consultations/12822006.article |archive-date=15 November 2017}}</ref>}} Following the suicide of Professor John E Davies from Guy's Hospital, London, HM Senior Coroner for the area wrote to Niall Dickson with her Regulation 28: Report to Prevent Future Deaths:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reports to Prevent Future Deaths |url=https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/related-offices-and-bodies/office-chief-coroner/pfd-reports/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309000548/https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/related-offices-and-bodies/office-chief-coroner/pfd-reports/ |archive-date=9 March 2018 |access-date=4 May 2018 |website=www.judiciary.gov.uk}}</ref> {{Cquote|This is the second death of a doctor that has come before me over the last 2 years where a GMC investigation into the doctor's practice has been found to play a part.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Davies-2014-0063.pdf|title=Date of report: 13 February 2014 Ref: 2014-0063 Deceased name: John Davies Coroners name: Dr Fiona Wilcox Coroners Area: London Inner (West) Category: Other related deaths|website=judiciary.gov.uk|access-date=4 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132215/https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Davies-2014-0063.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>}} Masana kimiyya a Kwalejin King's London sun bincika tasirin karuwar nuna gaskiya a kan aikin likita kuma sun sami sakamako mai mahimmanci ba tare da niyya ba. Yayin da likitoci suka yi martani da damuwa ga ka'idoji da manyan labarai, sun yi aiki da kariya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McGivern |first=Gerry |last2=Fischer, Michael D. |year=2010 |title=Medical regulation, spectacular transparency and the blame business |journal=Journal of Health Organization and Management |volume=24 |issue=6 |pages=597–610 |doi=10.1108/14777261011088683 |pmid=21155435}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=McGivern |first=Gerry |last2=Fischer, Michael Daniel |date=1 February 2012 |title=Reactivity and reactions to regulatory transparency in medicine, psychotherapy and counselling |url=http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/45260/1/WRAP_McGivern_McGivern__Fischer_SSM_2012_Reactivity__Reactions_to_Regulatory_Transparency_in_Medicine_Psychotherapy__Counselling_%28Authors%27_version%29.pdf |journal=Social Science & Medicine |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=289–296 |doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.09.035 |pmid=22104085}}</ref> === Matsayi na sadaka === An yi rajistar GMC a matsayin sadaka tare da Hukumar Taimako ta Ingila da Wales a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 2001. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Application for registration as a charity by the General Medical Council - 2 April 2001 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/324270/GMC.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207064920/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/324270/GMC.pdf |archive-date=7 February 2016 |access-date=6 February 2016 |publisher=Charity Commission}}</ref> Kwamishinonin da suka yi la'akari da kotun da ikon Hukumar don yin la'akari le matsayin kungiyar, wanda kotuna suka yi laʼakari da shi a baya, a cikin batutuwan matsayin sadaka. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2014, asusun da GMC ta gabatar ga Hukumar Taimako sun nuna kudin shiga na £ 97 miliyan, kashe £ 101M tare da ajiyar £ 68M. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Annual Report 2014 |url=http://apps.charitycommission.gov.uk/Accounts/Ends78/0001089278_AC_20141231_E_C.PDF |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=General Medical Council |page=63}}</ref>{{Spaces}} === Binciken jirgin ruwa === Dame Janet Smith ta soki GMC sosai a matsayin wani ɓangare na bincikenta game da batutuwan da suka taso daga batun Dokta Harold Shipman. "Bincike," in ji Dame Janet, "ya maye gurbin ka'ida. " Dame Janet ta ci gaba da cewa GMC ta kasa magance shari'o'in Fitness to Practise (FTP), musamman ma wadanda suka shafi likitoci masu daraja da girmamawa. Dangane da rahoton Shipman, Sir Liam Donaldson, babban jami'in kula da lafiya na lokacin, ya buga wani rahoto mai suna Good likitoci, marasa lafiya, wanda ya bayyana a cikin 2006. Donaldson ya nuna damuwa game da hanyoyin GMC FTP da sauran ayyuka na Majalisar. A nasa ra'ayin, an magance korafe-korafe a cikin tsangwama, GMC ya haifar da damuwa ga likitoci game da ƙananan korafe-korafe tare da jure rashin aiki a wasu lokuta. Ya zargi Majalisar da kasancewa "sirri, mai jure wa rashin daidaiton aiki da kuma mamaye sha'awar kwararru, maimakon na mara lafiya". Tsohon Shugaban Majalisar Likitoci ta Janar, Sir Donald Irvine, ya yi kira da a rusa majalisar da ke yanzu tare da sake kafa sabuwar mambobi..<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Irvine |first=Donald |date=September 2006 |title=Good doctors: safer patients—the Chief Medical Officer's prescription for regulating doctors |journal=[[Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine]] |volume=99 |issue=9 |pages=430–432 |doi=10.1177/014107680609900902 |pmc=1557883 |pmid=16946375}}</ref> === Penny Mellor === A cikin Yuli 2010 an soki GMC mai tsanani a cikin wata budaddiyar wasiƙa a cikin Jaridar Likita ta Burtaniya ta Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Yara don shawarar haɗa Penny Mellor a Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun GMC akan Kariyar Yara. A cewar wasikar, Penny Mellor an yanke masa hukunci tare da daure shi a kan laifin hada baki don sace wani yaro, kuma ya jagoranci yakin neman zabe na tsawon lokaci ciki har da zarge-zargen karya a kan likitoci da sauran kwararrun da ke da hannu a harkar kare yara. Ta kuma yi kamfen a kan Sir Roy Meadow da Farfesa David Southall, wadanda GMC ta share daga rajistar likitoci amma daga baya aka sake dawo da su bayan hukuncin kotu. Daga baya Penny Mellor ta yi murabus daga Kungiyar Kwararru. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2012, Babban Kotun Ingila da Wales ta soke shawarar da GMC ta yanke a shekarar 2010 don ya kori likitan gastroenterologist na yara John Walker-Smith daga rajistar likita saboda mummunar halayyar sana'a.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Press Association |date=7 March 2012 |title=MMR row: high court rules doctor should not have been struck off |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2012/mar/07/mmr-row-doctor-appeal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117032102/http://www.theguardian.com/society/2012/mar/07/mmr-row-doctor-appeal |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=25 October 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A cikin hukunce-hukuncensa, babban alƙalin ya soki abin da ya ce shine "rashin isasshen tunani da kuma, a lokuta da yawa, kuskuren ƙarshe," kuma ya ce, "Zai zama masifa idan wannan ya sake faruwa".<ref>{{Cite web |last=John Aston |date=7 March 2012 |title=MMR doctor John Walker-Smith wins High Court appeal |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/mmr-doctor-john-walker-smith-wins-high-court-appeal-7543114.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021013606/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/mmr-doctor-john-walker-smith-wins-high-court-appeal-7543114.html |archive-date=21 October 2015 |access-date=3 November 2015 |website=The Independent}}</ref> === Yarjejeniyar likitoci === Rikici ya tashi a watan Yulin 2016 lokacin da Babban Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya ya sanar da cewa zai nada Charlie Massey a matsayin sabon Shugaba.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="274" href="./Jeremy_Hunt" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Jeremy Hunt">Jeremy Hunt's aides<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;url<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>http://metro.co.uk/2016/07/16/doctors-embroiled-in-another-dispute-over-one-of-jeremy-hunts-aides-6010582/&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;website&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Metro&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;access-date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;8</nowiki> December 2016<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;16 July 2016<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;url-status<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;live<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;archive-url<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20160925013633/http://metro.co.uk/2016/07/16/doctors-embroiled-in-another-dispute-over-one-of-jeremy-hunts-aides-6010582/&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;archive-date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;25</nowiki> September 2016<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwBO0\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt226\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"CITEREFNagesh2016\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Nagesh, Ashitha (16 July 2016). </cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-69" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./General_Medical_Council#cite_note-69 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Massey ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga sakataren kiwon lafiya Jeremy Hunt a kan kwangilar likitocin Junior mai rikitarwa, wanda ya haifar da kwanaki da yawa na aikin masana'antu ta likitoci game da damuwa game da yiwuwar da lafiyar haƙuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Denis |date=22 August 2016 |title=Secret documents reveal official concerns over 'seven-day NHS' plans |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/aug/22/secret-documents-reveal-official-concerns-over-seven-day-nhs-plans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028142457/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/aug/22/secret-documents-reveal-official-concerns-over-seven-day-nhs-plans |archive-date=28 October 2016 |access-date=8 December 2016 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Likitoci da yawa sun ji cewa wannan ya nuna rikice-rikice na sha'awa kuma sun sanya hannu kan takarda ga majalisar likitoci don nuna gaskiya a cikin tsarin nadin sa. Kwamitin kiwon lafiya ya ba da amsa yana mai da'awar cewa har yanzu suna da ƙungiya mai zaman kanta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Terence |date=19 September 2016 |title=Response to petition regarding GMC appointments and impartiality |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/news/28654.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103135258/http://www.gmc-uk.org/news/28654.asp |archive-date=3 January 2017 |access-date=8 December 2016 |website=www.gmc-uk.org |publisher=General Medical Council UK}}</ref> Massey ya kuma kasa nuna kansa a gaban Kwamitin Asusun Jama'a na Majalisar. Majalisar ta kunshi kwararru shida na kiwon lafiya da mambobi shida. Dukkanin mambobi ne Majalisar Privy ta nada su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Council members |url=https://www.gmc-uk.org/about/how-we-work/governance/council/council-members |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207010832/https://www.gmc-uk.org/about/council/members.asp |archive-date=7 February 2018 |access-date=11 June 2018 |website=General Medical Council}}</ref> Shugaban yanzu shine Dame Carrie MacEwen wanda ya yi aiki tun watan Mayu 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=New Chair for the General Medical Council |url=https://www.gmc-uk.org/news/news-archive/new-chair-for-the-general-medical-council |access-date=25 September 2022 |publisher=General Medical Council}}</ref> Shugaban zartarwa da mai rajista na yanzu shine Charlie Massey . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anonymous |title=Charlie Massey – Chief Executive and Registrar |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/about/chief_executive.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161211021454/http://www.gmc-uk.org/about/chief_executive.asp |archive-date=11 December 2016 |access-date=8 December 2016 |website=www.gmc-uk.org |publisher=General Medical Council UK}}</ref> Christine Murrell ita ce mace ta farko da aka zaba a GMC a 1933, duk da haka ta mutu kafin ta iya zama. A cikin 1950, Hilda Lloyd ta zama mace ta farko a cikin Majalisar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our History |url=https://www.gmc-uk.org/about/who-we-are/our-history |access-date=25 September 2022 |publisher=General Medical Council}}</ref><ref name="GMC2">{{Cite journal |last=Scott |first=Jean M |date=March 1988 |title=Women and the GMC: The Struggle for Representation |journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine |volume=81 |issue=3 |pages=164–166 |doi=10.1177/014107688808100315 |issn=0141-0768 |pmc=1291513 |pmid=3282068}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Clare Marx ta zama mace ta farko a Majalisar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Chair of the General Medical Council |url=https://www.gmc-uk.org/news/news-archive/new-chair-of-the-general-medical-council |access-date=31 May 2024 |website=}}</ref> == Sauran masu kula da kiwon lafiya == Hukumar Kula da Ka'idojin Kwararru don Lafiya da Kula da Jama'a (PSA), kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke da alhakin Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya, tare da aikin inganta kiwon lafiya da jin daɗin marasa lafiya da jama'a a cikin tsarin masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya. Amma PSA ba ta da ikon shari'a don bincika korafe-korafe game da masu tsarawa. Yana ba da shawara ga sassan kiwon lafiya na gwamnatin Burtaniya guda huɗu kan batutuwan da suka shafi ka'idojin masu kiwon lafiya; bincikawa da kula da aikin hukumomin kula da lafiya guda tara: [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 59zup1hmcs4u1ru4bfdfljix2mp0u70 0 112572 892614 695565 2026-08-07T16:10:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892614 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Taron Mata na 2018''' ya kasance zanga-zangar duniya da ta faru a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 2018, a ranar tunawa da Maris na Mata na 2017 . == Game da == A cikin shekarar 2018, kungiyoyin mata a fadin Amurka sun gudanar da taron gangamin jama'a, inda suka jawo dubban daruruwan mahalarta a daruruwan birane, garuruwa, da kewaye, duk da kokarin da Rasha ke yi na shuka da zurfafa rarrabuwar kawuna a tsakaninsu. Abubuwan da suka faru a Amurka sun kasance tare da abubuwan da suka faru a Kanada, Birtaniya, Japan, Italiya, da wasu ƙasashe da dama. An gudanar da wasu manyan taruka a Amurka a New York, Washington, Los Angeles, Dallas, Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco, da kuma Atlanta. Manufar wannan tattakin dai ita ce tara karfin siyasar mata daban-daban da al'ummominsu don samar da sauyi a cikin al'umma. Suna fafutukar wargaza tsarin zalunci tare da aiwatar da ayyukan da ba su dace ba a karkashin kyawawan halaye da girmamawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Mission |url=https://www.womensmarch.com/principles |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212064732/https://www.womensmarch.com/principles/ |archive-date=December 12, 2018 |access-date=11 December 2018 |website=Women's March}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2018, ƙungiyar #MeToo ta zama "ƙarfi mai jan hankali a yawancin tarukan". == Shiga == Kimanin jerin gwano, taruka, da ayyuka 250 ne aka yi a ranar tunawa da Maris na Mata na 2017, da dama ne suka shirya ta Maris On, haɗin gwiwar yawancin Tattakin Mata a duk faɗin ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gambino |first=Lauren |date=2018-01-19 |title=Thousands to return to the streets for anniversary of Women's March |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jan/19/womens-march-washington-whats-next-2018-first-anniversary |access-date=2018-10-02 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=We are marching again! Join Us! |url=http://marchonthepolls.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427034257/https://marchonthepolls.org/ |archive-date=April 27, 2019 |access-date=December 30, 2017 |website=March On The Polls 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> Women's March Incorporated, gungun wasu matan da suka shirya taron Maris na Mata na 2017, sun shirya wani taro a Las Vegas karkashin "Power To The Polls". <ref name="Vogue" /> <ref name="Salon" /> === Washington, DC === A birnin Washington, DC dubban mutane ne suka taru a [[Tafki mai nuni|dandalin Reflecting Pool]] da ke Lincoln Memorial, duk da cewa adadin mutanen da suka halarta ya yi kasa da tattakin shekarar da ta gabata. Masu magana sun haɗa da Shugaban marasa rinjaye na Majalisar [[Nancy polosi|Nancy Pelosi]] da Sanata Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY). <ref name="NYT_2018_womensmarch" /> === Birnin New York === Fiye da mutane 200,000 ne suka yi maci a zanga-zangar kamar yadda magajin garin [[Bill de Blasio]] ya kidaya a hukumance. Masu magana sun hada da [[Michael Moore]], [[Whoopi Goldberg]], [[Padma Lakshmi]], [[Amy Schumer]], [[Laura Benanti]], [[Amber Tamblyn]], [[Patricia Arquette]], [[Rosie Perez]], [[Piper Perabo]], [[Drew Barrymore]], da mawaƙa [[Cyndi Lauper]] da [[Halsey (singer)|Halsey]] . === Los Angeles === [[Fayil:Chinga_tu_Pelo_sign,_Women's_March,_DTLA,_Los_Angeles,_California,_USA_(25951714598).jpg|thumb|Alamar 'Chinga tu Pelo', 2018 - Maris na Mata na Los Angeles Downtown Los Angeles, California]] Magajin garin Los Angeles Eric Garcetti ya kiyasta cewa 600,000 sun yi maci a Los Angeles, California. Wasu mata sun yi rera, "¡Sí, se puede!" ko "Eh, za mu iya!" === Chicago === An kiyasta cewa mutane 300,000 ne suka yi maci a Chicago, Illinois wanda ya karu tun bara. Masu magana sun haɗa da mai ba da gudummawar Democrat [[Tom Steyer]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dube Dwilson |first=Stephanie |date=January 20, 2018 |title=Women's March Numbers: Here's the Attendance by City in 2018 [CROWD PHOTOS] |url=https://heavy.com/news/2018/01/womens-march-numbers-2018-attendance-turnout-by-city/ |access-date=11 December 2018 |website=heavy. |archive-date=10 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910134806/https://heavy.com/news/2018/01/womens-march-numbers-2018-attendance-turnout-by-city/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Philadelphia === Dubban mutane ne suka halarci tattakin. Birnin bai fitar da wani adadi na hukuma ba, amma masu shirya taron ba bisa ka'ida ba sun kiyasta yawan jama'a ya fi dubu hamsin, adadin da ya yi tattaki a shekarar 2017. === Seattle === Dubban mutane sun taru a Dutsen Capitol na Seattle don shiga cikin Maris na Mata na shekara ta biyu. An fara tattakin ne da karfe 10 na safe a filin shakatawa na Cal Anderson inda Teresa Mosqueda ta yi jawabi ga masu zanga-zangar. Wakiliyar Amurka [[Pramila Jayapal]] ta yi niyyar shiga, amma yanayin da ya faru a Washington, DC <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2018 |title=Renewal and resistance in Seattle—thousands take to streets for Women's March |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/renewal-and-resistance-in-seattle-thousands-take-to-streets-for-womens-march/ |access-date=22 January 2018 |website=The Seattle Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=KOMO Staff |date=January 20, 2018 |title=Thousands take part in Seattle Women's March 2.0 |url=http://komonews.com/news/local/seattle-womens-march-20-underway |access-date=22 January 2018 |website=KOMO}}</ref> ya kawo cikas. == Wuraren ==   An gudanar da tattakin mata na shekarar 2018 a garuruwa da dama na duniya.<gallery> Fayil:2018_New_York_City_Women's_March_(38920048255).jpg|alt=New York City, New York| [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York, New York]] Fayil:Women's_March_San_Francisco_(24936275517).jpg| [[San Francisco]], [[California]] Fayil:Women's_March_2018-14.jpg|alt=Washington, D.C.| [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] Fayil:Protests_at_Morristown_march_NJ-7th.jpg|alt=Morristown, N.J.| Morristown, NJ Fayil:El_Paso_Texas_Women's_March_2018_26.jpg| [[El Paso, Texas]] Fayil:Womens_march_miami_wynwood_jan_20_2018.jpg| [[Miami|Miami, Florida]] Fayil:WomensMarch.BaltimoreMD.20January2018_IMG_2443_(28027651679).jpg| Baltimore, Maryland </gallery> == Labari == === Bayar da shawarar cin zarafin jima'i === A ranar 20 ga Janairu, 2018, a birnin New York, Halsey ta gabatar da jawabi ga dubban masu zanga-zanga a bikin Maris na shekara ta biyu na mata. Ƙungiyoyin The Me Too da Time's Up sun tura masu fafutuka masu ci gaba, ciki har da mashahuran mutane, don neman canjin zamantakewa da siyasa na gaggawa. Maimakon jawabin gargajiya, Halsey ta yi waƙa ta minti biyar mai suna ''Labari Kamar Nawa'', inda ta yi magana game da cin zarafi da cin zarafi da ita da wasu suka fuskanta. Labarinta na sirri ya haɗa da rakiyar babbar kawarta zuwa [[Planned Parenthood|Tsarin Iyaye]] bayan an yi mata fyade, asusunta na sirri na cin zarafi daga makwabta da samari, da kuma mata da likitan Olympic [[Larry Nassar]] ya yi lalata da su. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2a5t1p6pwz6dxnunizj7qms9rajmzb6 0 112637 892756 715505 2026-08-08T05:59:19Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 892756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <gallery class="center"> Fayil:Pronto-socorro_do_Hospital_Dr._José_Maria_Morais,_Coronel_Fabriciano_MG.JPG|Emergency Room at Dr. José Maria Morais Hospital after its reopening in 2017 Fayil:Capela_Nossa_Senhora_Auxiliadora_e_Hospital_Dr._José_Maria_Morais,_Coronel_Fabriciano_MG.JPG|Chapel of Our Lady Help of Christians and Dr. Jose Maria Morais Hospital Fayil:Fachada_da_Capela_Nossa_Senhora_Auxiliadora_do_Hospital_Dr._José_Maria_Morais,_Coronel_Fabriciano_MG2.jpg|Facade of Chapel of Our Lady Help of Christians Fayil:Interior_da_Capela_Nossa_Senhora_Auxiliadora_do_Hospital_Doutor_José_Maria_Morais,_Coronel_Fabriciano_MG.JPG|Interior of the Chapel of Our Lady Help of Christians after its restoration in 2019 </gallery>Asibitin Dokta José Maria Morais (tsohon '''Asibitin Siderúrgica''' kuma daga baya ya koma '''Asibitin São Camilo''') wata cibiya ce da ke cikin garin [[Coronel Fabriciano|Colonel Fabriciano]] na [[Brazil]], a cikin jihar Minas Gerais . [[ArcelorMittal Aços Longos|Belgo-Mineira]] ne ya kirkireshi a cikin 1936, saboda annobar Cututtukan wurare masu zafi da garin ke fuskanta a lokacin. Asibitin yana a titin Argemiro José Ribeiro, a cikin unguwar Santa Helena, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya a yankin da ke ba da sabis ta hanyar Unified Health System (SUS); gwamnatocin jihohi da na birni ne ke ba da kuɗin kuma City Hall ne ke sarrafa shi. Yana da alhakin kiwon lafiya a yankin Coronel Fabriciano, wanda ya shafi [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] a cikin Vale do Aço da kuma babban birni. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Hospital_Siderúrgica,_Coronel_Fabriciano_MG.JPG|left|thumb|Asibitin Siderúrgica a lokacin a cikin 2010]] Wani annoba na cututtukan wurare masu zafi wanda ke shafar yankin Vale do Aço na yau, saboda gandun daji da aka rufe da [[Yanayin zafi]], ya haifar da kirkirar asibitin Siderúrgica na lokacin ta Companhia Siderúrgic Belgo-Mineira a cikin 1936. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2009-07-03 |title=Organização do município |url=http://www.fabriciano.mg.gov.br/mat_vis.aspx?cd=6503 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123192146/http://www.fabriciano.mg.gov.br/mat_vis.aspx?cd=6503 |archive-date=2012-01-23 |access-date=2010-02-23 |publisher=Prefeitura de Coronel Fabriciano}}</ref> Rukunin, wanda shugaban Belgo-Mineira ya tsara a lokacin, [[Louis Ensch]], daga [[Luksamburg|Luxembourg]], da farko an yi niyyar halartar ma'aikatan kamfanin kuma ya kasance babban cibiyar kiwon lafiya a yankin har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1960. Joaquim Gomes da Silveira Neto, mai kula da Belgo-Mineira a gundumar Melo Viana, ya kasance ƙarƙashin Antônio Dias, kuma likitocinsa na farko su ne Moacyr Birro, Getúlio de Melo, José Riscala Albeny, da Rubem Siqueira Maia, wanda ya zama magajin gari na farko na Correne. 1948. A cikin 1938, 'yan matan sadaka na Saint Vincent de Paul sun karɓi asibitin, a ƙarƙashin kulawar babban malamin gida Canon Domingos Martins. A cikin wannan shekarar, an ba da kulawa ga nuns na ikilisiyar Sisters of Our Lady of Sorrows, waɗanda suka gudanar da cibiyar kiwon lafiya har zuwa 1960. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar Dom Helvécio Gomes de Oliveira, babban Bishop na Mariana, da Chapel na Our Lady Help of Kiristoci da aka gina kusa da asibiti da kuma kammala a 1942. Yana da nuni zuwa ga majami'ar Salev Dom saint. mallakin Wani katafaren da ke da alaƙa da ɗakin sujada, wanda wani titin da ke da ɗakuna da yawa ya kafa, ya zama mafaka ga Sisters of Our Lady of Sorrows.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2013-07-28 |title=Patrimônio cultural espera por restauração |url=https://www.diariodoaco.com.br/noticia/0038872-patrimonio-cultural-espera-por-restauracao |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209120659/https://www.diariodoaco.com.br/ler_noticia.php?id=38872&t=patrimonio-cultural-espera-por-restauracao |archive-date=2019-02-09 |access-date=2019-02-09 |publisher=Jornal Diário do Aço}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2012-03-01 |title=Patrimônio Cultural |url=http://www.fabriciano.mg.gov.br/detalhe-da-materia/info/bens-tombados-no-municipio/7536 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170708003528/http://www.fabriciano.mg.gov.br/detalhe-da-materia/info/bens-tombados-no-municipio/7536 |archive-date=2017-07-08 |access-date=2017-07-07 |publisher=Prefeitura de Coronel Fabriciano}}</ref> An gina ɗakin sujada tare da gudummawa daga ma'aikatan asibitin, waɗanda suka ba da izinin wani ɓangare na albashinsu na kowane wata don aiki. A ƙarshe, Joaquim Gomes ya ba da kyautar hoton mai tsarki.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2013-07-28 |title=Patrimônio cultural espera por restauração |url=https://www.diariodoaco.com.br/noticia/0038872-patrimonio-cultural-espera-por-restauracao |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209120659/https://www.diariodoaco.com.br/ler_noticia.php?id=38872&t=patrimonio-cultural-espera-por-restauracao |archive-date=2019-02-09 |access-date=2019-02-09 |publisher=Jornal Diário do Aço}}</ref> An yi amfani da haikalin don wasu bukukuwan al'ummar [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] na yankin, wanda daga baya ya samo asali da Saint Sebastian Parish.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nossa história |url=https://saosebastiaofabriciano.com.br/nossa-historia/ |access-date=2023-04-17 |publisher=Paróquia São Sebastião, Coronel Fabriciano - MG}}</ref> The Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul sun halarci asibitin har zuwa 1947, lokacin da 'yan'uwa mata Carmelite suka maye gurbinsu, wadanda ke da hannu a kirkirar Colégio Angélica . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-09 |title=PARECER TÉCNICO N° 03/201 |url=https://www.fabriciano.mg.gov.br/abrir_arquivo.aspx/Parecer_tecnico_-_Colegio_Angelica_?cdLocal=2&arquivo={4BBBD5ED-CA43-C3A4-83AB-8BE7B02C1660}.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209120847/http://www.fabriciano.mg.gov.br/abrir_arquivo.aspx/Parecer_tecnico_-_Colegio_Angelica_?cdLocal=2&arquivo={4BBBD5ED-CA43-C3A4-83AB-8BE7B02C1660}.pdf |archive-date=2019-02-09 |publisher=Prefeitura Municipal de Coronel Fabriciano}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, likitan José Maria Morais ne ya sayi sashin kiwon lafiya daga Belgo-Mineira, tare da goyon bayan José Riscala Albeny kuma daga baya, Walter Winter Maia . <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2017-07-07 |title=Homenagens marcam inauguração do Hospital Dr. José Maria Morais |url=https://www.plox.com.br/acontece/homenagens-marcam-inauguracao-do-hospital-dr-jose-maria-morais |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170708003424/http://www.plox.com.br/acontece/homenagens-marcam-inauguracao-do-hospital-dr-jose-maria-morais |archive-date=2017-07-08 |access-date=2017-07-07 |publisher=Plox}}</ref> === Rufewa mai yuwuwa da canjin mai ba da sabis === [[Fayil:Hospital_Siderúrgica_fechado,_Coronel_Fabriciano_MG.JPG|thumb|An rufe ƙofar dakin gaggawa a asibitin Siderúrgica a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 2011]] A cikin 2000s, Asibitin Siderúrgica na lokacin yana fama da matsalolin kuɗi kuma a cikin 2009, yana cikin yanayin "kafin fatarar kuɗi". A lokacin, yana daga cikin manyan asibitocin da ke ba da sabis na jama'a ga ƙananan hukumomi na kusa, musamman ga garuruwan da ke cikin yankin Vale do Aço, waɗanda ke da ƙarancin gadaje na asibiti. Kungiyar agaji ta Saint Sebastian Health Beneficent (ABSSS) ce ke kula da cibiyar kiwon lafiya, inda kusan kashi 80% na kudaden shiga ke fitowa daga ma’aikatan gwamnati ta hanyar Unified Health System (SUS), amma mai kula da lafiyar ya yi ikirarin cewa ba ya samun isassun kudade daga gwamnatocin kananan hukumomi, jihohi, da na tarayya. Bugu da kari, saboda rashin fitar da takardar shedar daga Hukumar Taimakon Jama'a ta Kasa (CNAS), wanda ke kawo tsarin kasafin kudi da daidaita haraji ga hukumar, an rufe sashin a ranar 15 ga Yuli, 2011, inda ya bar Coronel Fabriciano ba tare da kulawar SUS ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-06-30 |title=Ministério da Saúde pode fechar Siderúrgica |url=http://www.jvaonline.com.br/novo_site/ler_noticia.php?id=91836 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120904170441/http://www.jvaonline.com.br/novo_site/ler_noticia.php?id=91836#selection-345.0-345.42 |archive-date=2012-09-04 |access-date=2011-07-24 |publisher=Jornal Vale do Aço}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-07-16 |title=Cinco mil atendimentos a menos |url=https://www.diariodoaco.com.br/noticias.aspx?cd=56159 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120728145106/http://www.diariodoaco.com.br/noticias.aspx?cd=56159 |archive-date=2012-07-28 |access-date=2011-07-24 |publisher=Jornal Vale do Aço}}</ref> Har zuwa lokacin da aka rufe shi, asibitin Siderúrgica ya kula da kusan mutane dubu 65 da kuma kwantar da mutane 7,200 a asibiti a shekara.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Cruz |first=Luana |last2=Filgueiras |first2=Paulo |last3=Silva |first3=Cristiane |last4=Camargos |first4=Daniel |last5=Parreiras |first5=Mateus |last6=Franco |first6=Pedro Rocha |last7=Evans |first7=Luciane |last8=Couri |first8=Leandro |date=2011-09-16 |title=Hospital de Siderúrgica de Coronel Fabriciano será reaberto |url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/gerais/2011/09/16/interna_gerais,251010/hospital-de-siderurgica-de-coronel-fabriciano-sera-reaberto.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209121047/https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/gerais/2011/09/16/interna_gerais,251010/hospital-de-siderurgica-de-coronel-fabriciano-sera-reaberto.shtml |archive-date=2019-02-09 |access-date=2019-02-09 |publisher=Jornal Estado de Minas}}</ref> An dauki halin da ake ciki a matsayin bala'in jama'a kuma ya shafi asibitoci a cikin kananan hukumomin da ke makwabtaka, ta hanyar kara yawan bukatar ayyukan jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-07-22 |title=Fabriciano decreta estado de calamidade pública |url=http://www.jvaonline.com.br/novo_site/ler_noticia.php?id=92256 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121231180852/http://www.jvaonline.com.br/novo_site/ler_noticia.php?id=92256#selection-345.0-345.47 |archive-date=2012-12-31 |access-date=2011-11-29 |publisher=Jornal Vale do Aço}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-05 |title=HMC: aumento nos atendimentos a fabricianenses |url=http://www.jvaonline.com.br/novo_site/ler_noticia.php?id=92488 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121231123437/http://www.jvaonline.com.br/novo_site/ler_noticia.php?id=92488#selection-345.0-345.46 |archive-date=2012-12-31 |access-date=2011-11-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-07-15 |title=Dia D para fechamento do Hospital Siderúrgica |url=http://www.jvaonline.com.br/novo_site/ler_noticia.php?id=92117 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121231174942/http://www.jvaonline.com.br/novo_site/ler_noticia.php?id=92117 |archive-date=2012-12-31 |access-date=2011-11-29 |publisher=Jornal Vale do Aço}}</ref> Matsalar ta shafi Tarayyar, Jiha, da Majalisa, kuma a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 2011, an bayyana cewa Saint Camillus Charitable Society zai zama sabon mai kula da cibiyar kiwon lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-11-17 |title=Desapropriação da área continua indefinida |url=http://www.jvaonline.com.br/novo_site/ler_noticia.php?id=94044 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121231171307/http://www.jvaonline.com.br/novo_site/ler_noticia.php?id=94044 |archive-date=2012-12-31 |access-date=2011-11-29}}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012, Sakatariyar Lafiya ta Jiha ta ba da sanarwar cewa asibitin zai sake buɗewa a ƙarƙashin sunan Asibitin São Camilo a ranar 30 ga watan Agusta, 2012 bayan da aka yi gyare-gyare kuma cewa sabis ɗin zai zama ƙaramin yanki, ta hanyar SUS, yana ba da sabis ga Fabriciano da wasu ƙananan hukumomi bakwai na yankin Vale do Aço. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-08-31 |title=Hospital São Camilo começa a atender à meia-noite |url=http://www.jvaonline.com.br/novo_site/ler_noticia.php?id=99998 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121231212329/http://www.jvaonline.com.br/novo_site/ler_noticia.php?id=99998 |archive-date=2012-12-31 |access-date=2012-09-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-05-20 |title=Antônio Jorge anunciará obras do Siderúrgica |url=http://www.jvaonline.com.br/novo_site/ler_noticia.php?id=98177 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121231160134/http://www.jvaonline.com.br/novo_site/ler_noticia.php?id=98177#selection-345.0-345.44 |archive-date=2012-12-31 |access-date=2012-06-08 |publisher=Jornal Vale do Aço}}</ref> Sabon aikin gine-gine ya samo asali ne daga masanin gine-gine Lígia Marta Silva Araújo . [[Fayil:Vista_parcial_do_Hospital_São_Camilo,_Coronel_Fabriciano_MG.JPG|left|thumb|Bayani na asibitin São Camilo a shekarar 2015]] Rashin canja wurin kudade daga gwamnatin jihar zuwa ga Saint Camillus Charitable Society ya haifar da ci gaba da matsalolin kudi a asibitin, rashin kulawa, da kuma barazanar rufewa a cikin 2016 da 2017. Kwangila tare da al'umma ya ƙare a watan Mayu 2017, lokacin da magajin gari Marcos Vinícius da Silva Bizarro ya ba da sanarwar cewa gwamnatin birnin za ta dauki nauyin kula da asibitin a cikin asibitin, José Bizarro, wanda ya maye gurbinsa da Maria Dokta Dorai. na farko likitoci da abokin tarayya na tsohon asibitin Siderúrgica, wanda ya mutu a watan Satumba 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-09 |title=Hospital terá gestão plena do município em Coronel Fabriciano |url=https://www.diariodoaco.com.br/ler_noticia.php?id=50045&t=hospital-tera-gestao-plena-do-municipio-em-coronel-fabriciano- |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614154050/http://www.diariodoaco.com.br/ler_noticia.php?id=50045&t=hospital-tera-gestao-plena-do-municipio-em-coronel-fabriciano- |archive-date=2017-06-14 |access-date=2017-06-14 |publisher=Jornal Diário do Aço}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-10 |title=Beneficência Social Bom Samaritano assume hospital em Coronel Fabriciano |url=https://www.diariodoaco.com.br/ler_noticia.php?id=50077&t=beneficencia-social-bom-samaritano-assume-hospital-em-coronel-fabriciano |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614154155/http://www.diariodoaco.com.br/ler_noticia.php?id=50077&t=beneficencia-social-bom-samaritano-assume-hospital-em-coronel-fabriciano |archive-date=2017-06-14 |access-date=2017-06-14 |publisher=Jornal Diário do Aço}}</ref> Duk da izinin da gwamnati ta bayar ga Majalisa, ya kamata jihar ta ci gaba da canja wurin kudade don kula da cibiyar kiwon lafiya, bisa ga yarjejeniyar da aka sanya hannu, wanda kuma ya samar da ci gaba da sabis na karamin yanki.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2018-09-05 |title=Vara da Fazenda Pública determina que o Estado regularize os repasses ao Hospital José Maria Morais |url=https://www.diariodoaco.com.br/ler_noticia.php?id=61924&t=vara-da-fazenda-publica-determina-que-o-estado-regularize-os-repasses-ao-hospital-jose-maria-morais |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209121127/https://www.diariodoaco.com.br/ler_noticia.php?id=61924&t=vara-da-fazenda-publica-determina-que-o-estado-regularize-os-repasses-ao-hospital-jose-maria-morais |archive-date=2019-02-09 |access-date=2019-02-09 |publisher=Jornal Diário do Aço}}</ref> Asibitin yana aiki tare da gadaje 60, daga cikinsu 50 gadaje ne na asibiti da gadaje goma na ICU, yayin da sauran 72 har yanzu ba a gama su ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-05 |title=Legislativo de Fabriciano se reúne com Estado pela reabertura de hospital |url=https://www.plox.com.br/politica/legislativo-de-fabriciano-se-reune-com-estado-pela-reabertura-de-hospital |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614154318/https://www.plox.com.br/politica/legislativo-de-fabriciano-se-reune-com-estado-pela-reabertura-de-hospital |archive-date=2017-06-14 |access-date=2017-06-14 |publisher=Plox}}</ref> Koyaya, a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 2017, an dakatar da sabis ɗin a karo na biyu a cikin shekaru shida da suka gabata, da zarar ba a kammala sauyawar sabuwar gwamnatin ba kuma an kammala ba da dukiyar ga Coronel Fabriciano City Hall ne kawai a ranar 1 ga Yuni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-02 |title=Fechamento de hospital afeta saúde no Vale do Aço |url=https://www.otempo.com.br/cidades/fechamento-de-hospital-afeta-saude-no-vale-do-aco-1.1481480 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614154415/http://www.otempo.com.br/cidades/fechamento-de-hospital-afeta-sa%C3%BAde-no-vale-do-a%C3%A7o-1.1481480 |archive-date=2017-06-14 |access-date=2017-06-14 |publisher=Jornal O Tempo}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Yuni, 2017, an ba da kuɗi ga gwamnatin birni, wanda ya sanar da sake buɗe asibitin a ranar 21 ga Yuni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-12 |title=Hospital de Coronel Fabriciano deve ser reaberto no dia 21 de junho |url=https://g1.globo.com/mg/vales-mg/videos/v/hospital-de-coronel-fabriciano-deve-ser-reaberto-no-dia-21-de-junho/5935091/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614154431/http://g1.globo.com/mg/vales-mg/videos/v/hospital-de-coronel-fabriciano-deve-ser-reaberto-no-dia-21-de-junho/5935091/ |archive-date=2017-06-14 |access-date=2017-06-14 |publisher=InterTV dos Vales}}</ref> An sake buɗewa a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2017, a ƙarƙashin kasancewar shugabannin kiwon lafiya, magajin gari a yankin, da wakilan gwamnatin jihar. Har ila yau, taron ya yi bikin sake buɗe gadajen yara, wanda ba a bayar da shi ba tun 2012. An kuma sanar da cewa, ban da gadaje 60 da aka sake buɗewa, wasu 74 a cikin sabon reshe da aka gina sun riga sun jira a sake su don amfani.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2017-07-07 |title=Homenagens marcam inauguração do Hospital Dr. José Maria Morais |url=https://www.plox.com.br/acontece/homenagens-marcam-inauguracao-do-hospital-dr-jose-maria-morais |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170708003424/http://www.plox.com.br/acontece/homenagens-marcam-inauguracao-do-hospital-dr-jose-maria-morais |archive-date=2017-07-08 |access-date=2017-07-07 |publisher=Plox}}</ref> Duk da sake buɗewa, rashin biyan kuɗi ya sa gwamnatin jihar ta ci gaba da biyan bashin dala miliyan tare da asibitin a cikin watanni masu zuwa.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2018-09-05 |title=Vara da Fazenda Pública determina que o Estado regularize os repasses ao Hospital José Maria Morais |url=https://www.diariodoaco.com.br/ler_noticia.php?id=61924&t=vara-da-fazenda-publica-determina-que-o-estado-regularize-os-repasses-ao-hospital-jose-maria-morais |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209121127/https://www.diariodoaco.com.br/ler_noticia.php?id=61924&t=vara-da-fazenda-publica-determina-que-o-estado-regularize-os-repasses-ao-hospital-jose-maria-morais |archive-date=2019-02-09 |access-date=2019-02-09 |publisher=Jornal Diário do Aço}}</ref> == Cocin Uwargidanmu Taimako na Kiristoci == Da yake kusa da rukunin cibiyar kiwon lafiya, Chapel of Our Lady Help of Christian, wanda aka buɗe a shekara ta 1942, ya sami bukukuwan addini har zuwa 1970, lokacin da asibitin ba ya kula da shi.  A 1974, ya fara aiki don jana'izar.  Saboda dacewar tarihi da al'adu ga birnin, duka ɗakin sujada da ɗakin karatu da ke cikinsa an ayyana su a matsayin wurin al'adun gargajiya na birni a ranar 31 ga Maris, 1997. Haikalin ya sake samun bukukuwan addini daga Saint Sebastian Parish a shekara ta 2000, tare da yawan jama'a da ke gudana mako-mako a ranar Juma'a, amma an daina amfani da shi tare da rufe ɗakin sujada a cikin shekaru 2 masu zuwa.  yanayin watsi da shi, har sai da aka yi gyara da gwamnatin karamar hukuma ta yi, ta hanyar kudade daga asusun al'adun gargajiya na Municipal, tsakanin 2018 zuwa 2019, ta ba da damar dawowar bikin.  An sake buɗe ta a ranar 24 ga Mayu, 2019, ranar waliyyai, tare da taro a St. Sebastian Cathedral tare da jerin gwanon zuwa ɗakin sujada.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-23 |title=Capela Nossa Senhora Auxiliadora é reaberta após restauração |url=https://plox.com.br/noticia/23/05/2019/capela-nossa-senhora-auxiliadora-e-reaberta-apos-restauracao |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529172145/https://plox.com.br/noticia/23/05/2019/capela-nossa-senhora-auxiliadora-e-reaberta-apos-restauracao |archive-date=2019-05-29 |access-date=2019-05-29 |publisher=Plox}}</ref> Majami'ar tana gabatar da facade mara kyau, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙofa mai tsaka-tsaki kuma, sama da shi, ƙananan buɗe ido biyu na lintel a cikin cikakkiyar baka mai zagaye. Sama da waɗannan, tsakiya na tsakiya ya sadu da rufin, inda ƙarar hasumiya ta tsakiya ta fito, wanda ciki ya gina karrarawa. An yi tsarinsa da simintin da aka ƙarfafa da kuma ƙwaƙƙwaran bulo. Rufin nave yana da rufin yumbu mai ƙwanƙwasa, yayin da hasumiya tana da gabobi huɗu. A ciki akwai ƙungiyar mawaƙa, ana samun damar shiga ta matakala da ke farawa bayan babbar ƙofar. Facades na gefe suna da tagogi, amma yana yiwuwa a buɗe tagogi kawai a hannun dama, saboda buɗewar da ke gefen hagu an rufe bangon asibiti. Kasan da ke ciki ya ƙunshi tayal na ruwa kuma babban bagadin yana da fale-falen bene na katako, tare da bagadi a cikin sassaƙan itace da alamomi masu kama da Baroque da Rococo. Ƙofa tana ba da damar shiga kai tsaye zuwa asibiti, kuma a bayan ɗakin sujada akwai kafet..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bens inventariados no município de Coronel Fabriciano |url=https://www.fabriciano.mg.gov.br/salvar_arquivo.aspx?cdLocal=2&arquivo=%7BDDA36C4E-EEB2-51DC-ED60-ACA3CEDE2DDE%7D.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209121152/http://www.fabriciano.mg.gov.br/salvar_arquivo.aspx?cdLocal=2&arquivo=%7BDDA36C4E-EEB2-51DC-ED60-ACA3CEDE2DDE%7D.pdf |archive-date=2019-02-09 |access-date=2019-02-09 |publisher=Secretaria Municipal de Educação e Cultura (SMEC) |pages=60–62}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p75acpymuk6tfr6tw2tg8q9r6q37jud 0 112927 892634 786625 2026-08-07T18:54:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Mata da Daidaiton Jinsi Kanada''' ( '''LABARAI''' ; French ), wanda aka sani da '''Matsayin Matan Kanada''' daga 1976 zuwa 2018, sashe ne na Gwamnatin Kanada . A baya wata hukuma a karkashin Ma'aikatar Al'adun Kanada, ta sami matsayi na sashen bayan kuri'a a watan Disamba na 2018 ta zartar da ''Dokar Aiwatar da Kasafin Kudi, 2018, No. 2'', <ref>{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Women and Gender Equality |date=2018-12-13 |title=Creation of the Department for Women and Gender Equality |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/status-women/news/2018/12/creation-of-the-department-for-women-and-gender-equality.html |access-date=2019-11-15 |website=gcnws |archive-date=2020-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012205205/https://www.canada.ca/en/status-women/news/2018/12/creation-of-the-department-for-women-and-gender-equality.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> wanda ya hada da dokar da ke goyon bayan inganta hukumar zuwa wani sashi da kuma kara karfinta, ayyuka, da ayyuka ga wadanda suka shafi ba mata kawai ba, amma duk jinsin jinsi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Branch |first=Legislative Services |date=2019-04-08 |title=Consolidated federal laws of canada, Department for Women and Gender Equality Act |url=https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/W-11.3/page-1.html |access-date=2019-11-14 |website=laws-lois.justice.gc.ca}}</ref> Manufar sashen shine don "ci gaba da daidaito game da jima'i, yanayin jima'i, da ainihin jinsi ko magana ta hanyar haɗawa da mutane na kowane jinsi, ciki har da mata, a cikin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da siyasa na Kanada" da kuma haɗuwa da waɗannan tare da wasu alamomi kamar kabilanci, shekaru, zamantakewa-tattalin arziki matakin, nakasa, da sauransu. Sashen yana haɗin gwiwa da sauran sassan gwamnati, na tarayya da na larduna, da ƙungiyoyin farar hula da masu zaman kansu don cimma wannan burin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Status of Women Canada |title=Who we are - Status of Women Canada |url=https://cfc-swc.gc.ca/abu-ans/who-qui/index-en.html |access-date=2019-11-14 |website=cfc-swc.gc.ca}}</ref> == Tarihi == Firayim Minista Pierre Trudeau ya fara nada ministar da ke da alhakin Matsayin Mata a cikin 1971, lokacin da Hukumar Sarauta kan Matsayin Mata ta ba da shawarar kafa wakilin mata a cikin gwamnatin tarayya. Akwai wani ofishi da mai gudanarwa tun 1970, da farko an kafa shi a Ofishin Majalisar Masu Zaman Kansu, har sai da ya zama cikakkiyar hukuma a cikin 1976. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Status of Women Canada |title=Royal Commission on the Status of Women in Canada - Status of Women Canada |url=https://cfc-swc.gc.ca/abu-ans/wwad-cqnf/roycom/index-en.html |access-date=2019-11-15 |website=cfc-swc.gc.ca}}</ref> Matsayin Mata ya jagoranci yunƙuri da yawa tun lokacin da aka haife shi, yawancinsu har yanzu suna nan. Wasu muhimman tsare-tsare sun haɗa da shirin Nazarin Tushen Jinsi Plus (GBA+) da ''Lokaci Yayi: Dabarun Kanada don Hana da Magance Rikicin Tushen Jinsi .'' Hukumar ta kuma jagoranci bikin a shekarar 2016 na cika shekaru 100 da samun 'yancin kada kuri'a na mata a kasar Canada. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Status of Women Canada |title=100th Anniversary of Women's Right to Vote in Canada |url=https://cfc-swc.gc.ca/commemoration/cent/index-en.html |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=cfc-swc.gc.ca}}</ref> ''Matsayin Mata Kanada''' ya jagoranci abubuwan da suka faru kamar watan Tarihin Mata, Ranar Yarinya ta Duniya, da Oktoba 18, ranar da aka amince da Mata a matsayin masu shari'a, wanda ake kira Ranar Mutane . A lokacin firaministan kasar [[Stephen Harper]], hukumar ta samu raguwar kasafin kudi da yawansu ya kai dala miliyan 5, da kuma wasu muhimman gyare-gyare da suka hada da sauye-sauyen da kungiyoyin suka cancanci samun kudaden hukumar da kuma umarnin rufe ofisoshinta 12 daga cikin 15 a fadin kasar ta Canada. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Knight |first=Melanie |last2=Rodgers |first2=Kathleen |date=December 2012 |title="The Government Is Operationalizing Neo-liberalism": Women's Organizations, Status of Women Canada, and the Struggle for Progressive Social Change in Canada |journal=NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=266–282 |doi=10.1080/08038740.2012.747786 |issn=0803-8740 |s2cid=145116047}}</ref> Harkokin mata da batutuwan da suka shafi daidaito sun zama cibiyar kulawa a [[2015 Canadian federal election|za ~ en tarayya na 2015]], tare da dandalin [[Liberal Party of Canada|jam'iyyar Liberal]] ya yi alkawarin mayar da hankali kan batutuwan jinsi da mata, an ba da fifiko na musamman ga wa'adin majalisar ministocin da ta dace. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New plan for a strong middle class |url=https://www.liberal.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/New-plan-for-a-strong-middle-class.pdf |website=Liberal Party of Canada |access-date=2025-08-11 |archive-date=2020-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731234331/https://www.liberal.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/New-plan-for-a-strong-middle-class.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tare da [[Feminism|mace]] ta zama fifiko na gwamnatin Liberal, Matsayin Matan Kanada an ba da dala miliyan 41 a cikin shekaru shida don ƙara ƙarfin su. <ref>{{Cite web |last=News |first=The Canadian Press |last2=October 27th 2017 |first2=Politics |date=October 27, 2017 |title=Status of Women Canada gets $41 million to help with bigger workload |url=https://www.nationalobserver.com/2017/10/27/news/status-women-canada-gets-41-million-help-bigger-workload |website=National Observer}}</ref> A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan, [[Statistics Canada|Ƙididdiga Kanada]] za ta sami dala miliyan 6.7 a cikin shekaru biyar don ƙirƙirar sabuwar Cibiyar Nazarin Jima'i, Diversity da Inclusion Statistics. == Ƙoƙarin bayar da kuɗi == === Sanarwa na kudade === Ma'aikatar Mata da Daidaiton Jinsi tana ba da kuɗi ga ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke ƙarfafa 'yancin mata a Kanada. Sashen yana ba da kudade ta hanyar Shirin Mata wanda bangarori uku na fifiko suka kasance "wajen kawo karshen cin zarafin mata da 'yan mata, inganta tsaro da wadata ga mata da 'yan mata na tattalin arziki da wadata, da karfafa mata da 'yan mata a cikin jagoranci da yanke shawara." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Status of Women Canada |title=Women's Program - Status of Women Canada |url=https://cfc-swc.gc.ca/fun-fin/wcf-fcf/index-en.html |access-date=2021-02-26 |website=cfc-swc.gc.ca}}</ref> Ana iya amfani da kuɗin kuɗi ta wannan shirin idan ƙungiya ta dace don taimakawa ko taimakawa ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin abubuwan fifiko uku. A cikin 2018 ne aka sanar da kiran sabbin aikace-aikacen neman tallafi, kuma makasudin wannan takamaiman zagaye na aikace-aikacen shine don ba da tallafi ga ƙungiyoyin da ke ci gaba da haɓaka daidaiton jinsi a Kanada da ma duniya baki ɗaya. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Women and Gender Equality |date=2019-03-08 |title=Department for Women and Gender Equality – Women's Program |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/women-gender-equality/news/2019/03/department-for-women-and-gender-equality--womens-program.html |access-date=2021-02-26 |website=gcnws |archive-date=2022-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317163309/https://www.canada.ca/en/women-gender-equality/news/2019/03/department-for-women-and-gender-equality--womens-program.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Musamman ma, an sanar da wannan tallafin don taimaka wa waɗannan ƙungiyoyi don biyan ƙarin buƙatun ayyukansu saboda haɓakar daidaito mai ƙarfi. A cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa za a ba da dala miliyan 100 ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban waɗanda ke ƙarfafa mata da 'yan mata a duk faɗin Kanada. <ref name=":12" /> === Ƙungiyoyi === Ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi huɗun da gwamnati ta ba da tallafi shine Barbra Schlifer Commemorative Clinic. Bisa ga gidan yanar gizon su Barbra Schlifer Clinic na da nufin taimakawa mata da yawa a duk tsawon shekara ta hanyar ba da shawarwari, shawarwarin shari'a, da wakilci. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.schliferclinic.com/about-us/ |access-date=2021-02-26 |website=Barbra Schlifer Commemorative Clinic |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722143700/https://www.schliferclinic.com/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, manufar su ita ce samar da waɗannan ayyuka ta yadda matan da ke kusa da su za su iya rayuwa ba tare da tashin hankali ba. <ref name=":2" /> Bugu da ƙari, Gwamnatin Kanada ta ba da $ 1,000,000 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Secretariat |first=Treasury Board of Canada |title=Search Grants and Contributions |url=https://search.open.canada.ca/en/gc/?sort=score%20desc&page=1&search_text=Barbra%20Schlifer%20Commemorative%20Clinic&gc-search-orgs=Department%20for%20Women%20and%20Gender%20Equality&gc-search-year=2019 |access-date=2021-02-26 |website=search.open.canada.ca |archive-date=2022-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123222727/https://search.open.canada.ca/grants/?sort=score%20desc&page=1&search_text=Barbra%20Schlifer%20Commemorative%20Clinic&gc-search-orgs=Department%20for%20Women%20and%20Gender%20Equality&gc-search-year=2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ga wannan ƙungiyar don su sami damar kula da ayyukansu ga mabukata kuma kudaden za su taimaka wa kungiyar ta kai ga karin mata da ke cikin keɓe ko kuma cikin haɗari. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Women and Gender Equality |date=2019-03-08 |title=Department for Women and Gender Equality – Women's Program |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/women-gender-equality/news/2019/03/department-for-women-and-gender-equality--womens-program.html |access-date=2021-02-26 |website=gcnws |archive-date=2022-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317163309/https://www.canada.ca/en/women-gender-equality/news/2019/03/department-for-women-and-gender-equality--womens-program.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> An ba wa wannan ƙungiya kuɗi ta hanyar Shirin Mata. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] t86xrw1d63zvsgznp4j1e42zwvdnn0o 0 113782 892820 748070 2026-08-08T10:02:17Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sumaiya Khair''' farfesa ce ta shari'a, mai bincike, kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The modern face of slavery |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/law/2009/08/03/monitor.htm |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref> Ita ce tsohuwar shugabar Sashen Shari'a a Jami'ar [[Dhaka]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-21 |title=3rd TIB-DUMCS Anti-Corruption Moot Court Competition 2023 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-rights/news/3rd-tib-dumcs-anti-corruption-moot-court-competition-2023-3572181 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ita ce mai ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa na Transparency International [[Bangladesh]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=ace_admin |date=2017-12-01 |title=Introducing... Prof Sumaiya Khair, Adviser - Executive Management at Transparency International Bangladesh |url=https://ace.soas.ac.uk/news-sumaiya-khair/ |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=ace |language=en}}</ref> Ita memba ce ta Hukumar Gyara Tsarin Mulki . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-14 |title=First meeting of constitution reform commission held virtually |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/first-meeting-constitution-reform-commission-held-virtually-3726881 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-14 |title=Constitution reform commission holds discussion with stakeholders |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/constitution-reform-commission-holds-discussion-stakeholders-3752906 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ta kasance tsohuwar mataimakiyar darakta ta Transparency International Bangladesh . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-04 |title=NGOs had to spend 20pc of climate funds on bribe: TIB |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/ngos-had-to-spend-20pc-of-climate-funds-on-bribery-tib |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Khair ta yi karatun digiri na farko da digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Dhaka a shekarar 1984 da 1985.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Sumaiya Khair Dhaka University Profile |url=https://www.du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102110118/https://du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-date=2024-11-02 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=www.du.ac.bd |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Ya kammala digirinta na PhD a Jami'ar Gabashin London . <ref name=":0" /> == Ayyuka == Khair ya shiga Jami'ar Dhaka a matsayin malami a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1990. <ref name=":0"/> An inganta ta zuwa Mataimakin Farfesa a shekarar 1994.<ref name=":0" /> An kara Khair zuwa Mataimakin Farfesa a shekara ta 2002.<ref name=":0"/> Ta shiga Jami'ar Gabas a matsayin farfesa. An inganta ta zuwa cikakken farfesa a Jami'ar Dhaka a shekara ta 2005. <ref name=":0" /> In watan Janairun shekara ta 2009, an nada Khair a matsayin shugaban Sashen Shari'a a Jami'ar Dhaka . <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Sumaiya Khair Dhaka University Profile |url=https://www.du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102110118/https://du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-date=2024-11-02 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=www.du.ac.bd |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar har zuwa shekara ta 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-09 |title=Reflections on selected aspects of human rights in Bangladesh |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-rights/law-interview/news/reflections-selected-aspects-human-rights-bangladesh-3191431 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ta sami lambar yabo ta Jami'ar Gudanarwa a shekarar 2011.<ref name=":02" /> Ta zama mataimakiyar darakta na Transparency International Bangladesh a shekarar 2013. <ref name=":02" /> Ta yi aiki a matsayin edita na Jaridar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Dhaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile of chair, members of Constitution Reform Commission |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/362827/profile-of-chair-members-of-constitution-reform |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Dhaka Tribune |language=en}}</ref> An nada Khair a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa na Transparency International Bangladesh a shekarar 2017.<ref name=":0"/> A watan Janairun 2020, Khair ya sanya hannu kan wata wasika da ke nuna rashin amincewa da shari'ar da aka yi wa editan Prothom Alo Matiur Rahman kan mutuwar dalibi a makaranta a wani taron Prothom Alo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-18 |title='It’s a case of harassment' |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/its-case-harassment-1855564 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-18 |title=Arrest warrant against Prothom Alo editor condemned |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/Arrest-warrant-against-Prothom-Alo-editor |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Prothomalo |language=en}}</ref> Ta sanya hannu kan wata sanarwa a shekarar 2021 inda ta bukaci a saki Rozina [[Musulunci|Islam]], mai ba da rahoto na Prothom Alo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-22 |title=83 eminent citizens demand Rozina’s release |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/83-eminent-citizens-demand-rozinas-release-2096533 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi kira ga gwamnati da ta sabunta rajistar kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Odhikar a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-13 |title=Renew Odhikar’s registration |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/renew-odhikars-registration-3046026 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Bayan faduwar Sheikh Hasina ya jagoranci gwamnatin Awami League, an sanya Khair memba na Hukumar Gyara Tsarin Mulki ta gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Muhammad Yunus a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Full commission on constitutional reforms formed |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/full-commission-constitutional-reforms-formed-3722241 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan littattafai == * Ayyukan Yara da aka sake ziyarta: Jima'i, Al'adu, Tattalin Arziki da 'Yancin Dan Adam <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hoque |first=Ridwanul |title=”Child labour is not all about human rights” |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/law/2011/10/01/book.htm |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref> * Ƙarfafawa ta Shari'a ga Matalauta da Rashin Amfani: Shirye-shiryen Nasarori da Ƙalubalen <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Author Page |url=https://uplbooks.com/author/new/sumaiya-khair-808 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The University Press Limited |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206102253/https://uplbooks.com/author/new/sumaiya-khair-808 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Gudanarwa da Aminci: Tsarin Aminci na Kasa a Bangladesh <ref name=":1" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ddkyqdbzjhufno7dzftic2i10fkdoem 892821 892820 2026-08-08T10:02:50Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sumaiya Khair''' farfesa ce ta shari'a, mai bincike, kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The modern face of slavery |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/law/2009/08/03/monitor.htm |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref> Ita ce tsohuwar shugabar Sashen Shari'a a Jami'ar [[Dhaka]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-21 |title=3rd TIB-DUMCS Anti-Corruption Moot Court Competition 2023 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-rights/news/3rd-tib-dumcs-anti-corruption-moot-court-competition-2023-3572181 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ita ce mai ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa na Transparency International [[Bangladesh]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=ace_admin |date=2017-12-01 |title=Introducing... Prof Sumaiya Khair, Adviser - Executive Management at Transparency International Bangladesh |url=https://ace.soas.ac.uk/news-sumaiya-khair/ |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=ace |language=en}}</ref> Ita memba ce ta Hukumar Gyara Tsarin Mulki . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-14 |title=First meeting of constitution reform commission held virtually |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/first-meeting-constitution-reform-commission-held-virtually-3726881 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-14 |title=Constitution reform commission holds discussion with stakeholders |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/constitution-reform-commission-holds-discussion-stakeholders-3752906 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ta kasance tsohuwar mataimakiyar darakta ta Transparency International Bangladesh . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-04 |title=NGOs had to spend 20pc of climate funds on bribe: TIB |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/ngos-had-to-spend-20pc-of-climate-funds-on-bribery-tib |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Khair ta yi karatun digiri na farko da digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Dhaka a shekarar 1984 da shekara ta 1985.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Sumaiya Khair Dhaka University Profile |url=https://www.du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102110118/https://du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-date=2024-11-02 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=www.du.ac.bd |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Ya kammala digirinta na PhD a Jami'ar Gabashin London . <ref name=":0" /> == Ayyuka == Khair ya shiga Jami'ar Dhaka a matsayin malami a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1990. <ref name=":0"/> An inganta ta zuwa Mataimakin Farfesa a shekarar 1994.<ref name=":0" /> An kara Khair zuwa Mataimakin Farfesa a shekara ta 2002.<ref name=":0"/> Ta shiga Jami'ar Gabas a matsayin farfesa. An inganta ta zuwa cikakken farfesa a Jami'ar Dhaka a shekara ta 2005. <ref name=":0" /> In watan Janairun shekara ta 2009, an nada Khair a matsayin shugaban Sashen Shari'a a Jami'ar Dhaka . <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Sumaiya Khair Dhaka University Profile |url=https://www.du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102110118/https://du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-date=2024-11-02 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=www.du.ac.bd |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar har zuwa shekara ta 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-09 |title=Reflections on selected aspects of human rights in Bangladesh |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-rights/law-interview/news/reflections-selected-aspects-human-rights-bangladesh-3191431 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ta sami lambar yabo ta Jami'ar Gudanarwa a shekarar 2011.<ref name=":02" /> Ta zama mataimakiyar darakta na Transparency International Bangladesh a shekarar 2013. <ref name=":02" /> Ta yi aiki a matsayin edita na Jaridar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Dhaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile of chair, members of Constitution Reform Commission |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/362827/profile-of-chair-members-of-constitution-reform |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Dhaka Tribune |language=en}}</ref> An nada Khair a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa na Transparency International Bangladesh a shekarar 2017.<ref name=":0"/> A watan Janairun 2020, Khair ya sanya hannu kan wata wasika da ke nuna rashin amincewa da shari'ar da aka yi wa editan Prothom Alo Matiur Rahman kan mutuwar dalibi a makaranta a wani taron Prothom Alo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-18 |title='It’s a case of harassment' |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/its-case-harassment-1855564 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-18 |title=Arrest warrant against Prothom Alo editor condemned |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/Arrest-warrant-against-Prothom-Alo-editor |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Prothomalo |language=en}}</ref> Ta sanya hannu kan wata sanarwa a shekarar 2021 inda ta bukaci a saki Rozina [[Musulunci|Islam]], mai ba da rahoto na Prothom Alo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-22 |title=83 eminent citizens demand Rozina’s release |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/83-eminent-citizens-demand-rozinas-release-2096533 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi kira ga gwamnati da ta sabunta rajistar kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Odhikar a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-13 |title=Renew Odhikar’s registration |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/renew-odhikars-registration-3046026 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Bayan faduwar Sheikh Hasina ya jagoranci gwamnatin Awami League, an sanya Khair memba na Hukumar Gyara Tsarin Mulki ta gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Muhammad Yunus a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Full commission on constitutional reforms formed |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/full-commission-constitutional-reforms-formed-3722241 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan littattafai == * Ayyukan Yara da aka sake ziyarta: Jima'i, Al'adu, Tattalin Arziki da 'Yancin Dan Adam <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hoque |first=Ridwanul |title=”Child labour is not all about human rights” |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/law/2011/10/01/book.htm |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref> * Ƙarfafawa ta Shari'a ga Matalauta da Rashin Amfani: Shirye-shiryen Nasarori da Ƙalubalen <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Author Page |url=https://uplbooks.com/author/new/sumaiya-khair-808 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The University Press Limited |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206102253/https://uplbooks.com/author/new/sumaiya-khair-808 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Gudanarwa da Aminci: Tsarin Aminci na Kasa a Bangladesh <ref name=":1" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] p87g7a41p2rhkp219o5zpmp7r8wuqy9 892823 892821 2026-08-08T10:03:13Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sumaiya Khair''' farfesa ce ta shari'a, mai bincike, kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The modern face of slavery |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/law/2009/08/03/monitor.htm |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref> Ita ce tsohuwar shugabar Sashen Shari'a a Jami'ar [[Dhaka]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-21 |title=3rd TIB-DUMCS Anti-Corruption Moot Court Competition 2023 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-rights/news/3rd-tib-dumcs-anti-corruption-moot-court-competition-2023-3572181 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ita ce mai ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa na Transparency International [[Bangladesh]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=ace_admin |date=2017-12-01 |title=Introducing... Prof Sumaiya Khair, Adviser - Executive Management at Transparency International Bangladesh |url=https://ace.soas.ac.uk/news-sumaiya-khair/ |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=ace |language=en}}</ref> Ita memba ce ta Hukumar Gyara Tsarin Mulki . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-14 |title=First meeting of constitution reform commission held virtually |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/first-meeting-constitution-reform-commission-held-virtually-3726881 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-14 |title=Constitution reform commission holds discussion with stakeholders |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/constitution-reform-commission-holds-discussion-stakeholders-3752906 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ta kasance tsohuwar mataimakiyar darakta ta Transparency International Bangladesh . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-04 |title=NGOs had to spend 20pc of climate funds on bribe: TIB |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/ngos-had-to-spend-20pc-of-climate-funds-on-bribery-tib |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Khair ta yi karatun digiri na farko da digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Dhaka a shekarar 1984 da shekara ta 1985.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Sumaiya Khair Dhaka University Profile |url=https://www.du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102110118/https://du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-date=2024-11-02 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=www.du.ac.bd |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Ya kammala digirinta na PhD a Jami'ar Gabashin London . <ref name=":0" /> == Ayyuka == Khair ya shiga Jami'ar Dhaka a matsayin malami a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1990. <ref name=":0"/> An kuma inganta ta zuwa Mataimakin Farfesa a shekarar 1994.<ref name=":0" /> An kara Khair zuwa Mataimakin Farfesa a shekara ta 2002.<ref name=":0"/> Ta shiga Jami'ar Gabas a matsayin farfesa. An inganta ta zuwa cikakken farfesa a Jami'ar Dhaka a shekara ta 2005. <ref name=":0" /> In watan Janairun shekara ta 2009, an nada Khair a matsayin shugaban Sashen Shari'a a Jami'ar Dhaka . <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Sumaiya Khair Dhaka University Profile |url=https://www.du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102110118/https://du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-date=2024-11-02 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=www.du.ac.bd |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar har zuwa shekara ta 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-09 |title=Reflections on selected aspects of human rights in Bangladesh |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-rights/law-interview/news/reflections-selected-aspects-human-rights-bangladesh-3191431 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ta sami lambar yabo ta Jami'ar Gudanarwa a shekarar 2011.<ref name=":02" /> Ta zama mataimakiyar darakta na Transparency International Bangladesh a shekarar 2013. <ref name=":02" /> Ta yi aiki a matsayin edita na Jaridar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Dhaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile of chair, members of Constitution Reform Commission |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/362827/profile-of-chair-members-of-constitution-reform |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Dhaka Tribune |language=en}}</ref> An nada Khair a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa na Transparency International Bangladesh a shekarar 2017.<ref name=":0"/> A watan Janairun 2020, Khair ya sanya hannu kan wata wasika da ke nuna rashin amincewa da shari'ar da aka yi wa editan Prothom Alo Matiur Rahman kan mutuwar dalibi a makaranta a wani taron Prothom Alo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-18 |title='It’s a case of harassment' |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/its-case-harassment-1855564 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-18 |title=Arrest warrant against Prothom Alo editor condemned |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/Arrest-warrant-against-Prothom-Alo-editor |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Prothomalo |language=en}}</ref> Ta sanya hannu kan wata sanarwa a shekarar 2021 inda ta bukaci a saki Rozina [[Musulunci|Islam]], mai ba da rahoto na Prothom Alo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-22 |title=83 eminent citizens demand Rozina’s release |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/83-eminent-citizens-demand-rozinas-release-2096533 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi kira ga gwamnati da ta sabunta rajistar kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Odhikar a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-13 |title=Renew Odhikar’s registration |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/renew-odhikars-registration-3046026 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Bayan faduwar Sheikh Hasina ya jagoranci gwamnatin Awami League, an sanya Khair memba na Hukumar Gyara Tsarin Mulki ta gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Muhammad Yunus a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Full commission on constitutional reforms formed |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/full-commission-constitutional-reforms-formed-3722241 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan littattafai == * Ayyukan Yara da aka sake ziyarta: Jima'i, Al'adu, Tattalin Arziki da 'Yancin Dan Adam <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hoque |first=Ridwanul |title=”Child labour is not all about human rights” |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/law/2011/10/01/book.htm |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref> * Ƙarfafawa ta Shari'a ga Matalauta da Rashin Amfani: Shirye-shiryen Nasarori da Ƙalubalen <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Author Page |url=https://uplbooks.com/author/new/sumaiya-khair-808 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The University Press Limited |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206102253/https://uplbooks.com/author/new/sumaiya-khair-808 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Gudanarwa da Aminci: Tsarin Aminci na Kasa a Bangladesh <ref name=":1" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] n5uqryvtdl6fh8049yqgi7eq1j4nonu 892824 892823 2026-08-08T10:03:29Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sumaiya Khair''' farfesa ce ta shari'a, mai bincike, kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The modern face of slavery |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/law/2009/08/03/monitor.htm |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref> Ita ce tsohuwar shugabar Sashen Shari'a a Jami'ar [[Dhaka]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-21 |title=3rd TIB-DUMCS Anti-Corruption Moot Court Competition 2023 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-rights/news/3rd-tib-dumcs-anti-corruption-moot-court-competition-2023-3572181 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ita ce mai ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa na Transparency International [[Bangladesh]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=ace_admin |date=2017-12-01 |title=Introducing... Prof Sumaiya Khair, Adviser - Executive Management at Transparency International Bangladesh |url=https://ace.soas.ac.uk/news-sumaiya-khair/ |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=ace |language=en}}</ref> Ita memba ce ta Hukumar Gyara Tsarin Mulki . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-14 |title=First meeting of constitution reform commission held virtually |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/first-meeting-constitution-reform-commission-held-virtually-3726881 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-14 |title=Constitution reform commission holds discussion with stakeholders |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/constitution-reform-commission-holds-discussion-stakeholders-3752906 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ta kasance tsohuwar mataimakiyar darakta ta Transparency International Bangladesh . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-04 |title=NGOs had to spend 20pc of climate funds on bribe: TIB |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/ngos-had-to-spend-20pc-of-climate-funds-on-bribery-tib |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Khair ta yi karatun digiri na farko da digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Dhaka a shekarar 1984 da shekara ta 1985.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Sumaiya Khair Dhaka University Profile |url=https://www.du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102110118/https://du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-date=2024-11-02 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=www.du.ac.bd |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Ya kammala digirinta na PhD a Jami'ar Gabashin London . <ref name=":0" /> == Ayyuka == Khair ya shiga Jami'ar Dhaka a matsayin malami a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1990. <ref name=":0"/> An kuma inganta ta zuwa Mataimakin Farfesa a shekarar 1994.<ref name=":0" /> An kara Khair zuwa Mataimakin Farfesa a shekara ta 2002.<ref name=":0"/> Ta shiga Jami'ar Gabas a matsayin farfesa. An inganta ta zuwa cikakken farfesa a Jami'ar Dhaka a shekara ta 2005. <ref name=":0" /> In watan Janairun shekara ta 2009, an kuma naɗa Khair a matsayin shugaban Sashen Shari'a a Jami'ar Dhaka . <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Sumaiya Khair Dhaka University Profile |url=https://www.du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102110118/https://du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-date=2024-11-02 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=www.du.ac.bd |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar har zuwa shekara ta 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-09 |title=Reflections on selected aspects of human rights in Bangladesh |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-rights/law-interview/news/reflections-selected-aspects-human-rights-bangladesh-3191431 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ta sami lambar yabo ta Jami'ar Gudanarwa a shekarar 2011.<ref name=":02" /> Ta zama mataimakiyar darakta na Transparency International Bangladesh a shekarar 2013. <ref name=":02" /> Ta yi aiki a matsayin edita na Jaridar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Dhaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile of chair, members of Constitution Reform Commission |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/362827/profile-of-chair-members-of-constitution-reform |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Dhaka Tribune |language=en}}</ref> An nada Khair a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa na Transparency International Bangladesh a shekarar 2017.<ref name=":0"/> A watan Janairun 2020, Khair ya sanya hannu kan wata wasika da ke nuna rashin amincewa da shari'ar da aka yi wa editan Prothom Alo Matiur Rahman kan mutuwar dalibi a makaranta a wani taron Prothom Alo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-18 |title='It’s a case of harassment' |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/its-case-harassment-1855564 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-18 |title=Arrest warrant against Prothom Alo editor condemned |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/Arrest-warrant-against-Prothom-Alo-editor |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Prothomalo |language=en}}</ref> Ta sanya hannu kan wata sanarwa a shekarar 2021 inda ta bukaci a saki Rozina [[Musulunci|Islam]], mai ba da rahoto na Prothom Alo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-22 |title=83 eminent citizens demand Rozina’s release |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/83-eminent-citizens-demand-rozinas-release-2096533 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi kira ga gwamnati da ta sabunta rajistar kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Odhikar a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-13 |title=Renew Odhikar’s registration |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/renew-odhikars-registration-3046026 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Bayan faduwar Sheikh Hasina ya jagoranci gwamnatin Awami League, an sanya Khair memba na Hukumar Gyara Tsarin Mulki ta gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Muhammad Yunus a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Full commission on constitutional reforms formed |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/full-commission-constitutional-reforms-formed-3722241 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan littattafai == * Ayyukan Yara da aka sake ziyarta: Jima'i, Al'adu, Tattalin Arziki da 'Yancin Dan Adam <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hoque |first=Ridwanul |title=”Child labour is not all about human rights” |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/law/2011/10/01/book.htm |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref> * Ƙarfafawa ta Shari'a ga Matalauta da Rashin Amfani: Shirye-shiryen Nasarori da Ƙalubalen <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Author Page |url=https://uplbooks.com/author/new/sumaiya-khair-808 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The University Press Limited |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206102253/https://uplbooks.com/author/new/sumaiya-khair-808 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Gudanarwa da Aminci: Tsarin Aminci na Kasa a Bangladesh <ref name=":1" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ldwexc51lgxrxoonz4d6xv28svswmrn 892826 892824 2026-08-08T10:03:55Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sumaiya Khair''' farfesa ce ta shari'a, mai bincike, kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The modern face of slavery |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/law/2009/08/03/monitor.htm |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref> Ita ce tsohuwar shugabar Sashen Shari'a a Jami'ar [[Dhaka]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-21 |title=3rd TIB-DUMCS Anti-Corruption Moot Court Competition 2023 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-rights/news/3rd-tib-dumcs-anti-corruption-moot-court-competition-2023-3572181 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ita ce mai ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa na Transparency International [[Bangladesh]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=ace_admin |date=2017-12-01 |title=Introducing... Prof Sumaiya Khair, Adviser - Executive Management at Transparency International Bangladesh |url=https://ace.soas.ac.uk/news-sumaiya-khair/ |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=ace |language=en}}</ref> Ita memba ce ta Hukumar Gyara Tsarin Mulki . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-14 |title=First meeting of constitution reform commission held virtually |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/first-meeting-constitution-reform-commission-held-virtually-3726881 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-14 |title=Constitution reform commission holds discussion with stakeholders |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/constitution-reform-commission-holds-discussion-stakeholders-3752906 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ta kasance tsohuwar mataimakiyar darakta ta Transparency International Bangladesh . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-04 |title=NGOs had to spend 20pc of climate funds on bribe: TIB |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/ngos-had-to-spend-20pc-of-climate-funds-on-bribery-tib |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Khair ta yi karatun digiri na farko da digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Dhaka a shekarar 1984 da shekara ta 1985.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Sumaiya Khair Dhaka University Profile |url=https://www.du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102110118/https://du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-date=2024-11-02 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=www.du.ac.bd |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Ya kammala digirinta na PhD a Jami'ar Gabashin London . <ref name=":0" /> == Ayyuka == Khair ya shiga Jami'ar Dhaka a matsayin malami a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1990. <ref name=":0"/> An kuma inganta ta zuwa Mataimakin Farfesa a shekarar 1994.<ref name=":0" /> An kara Khair zuwa Mataimakin Farfesa a shekara ta 2002.<ref name=":0"/> Ta shiga Jami'ar Gabas a matsayin farfesa. An inganta ta zuwa cikakken farfesa a Jami'ar Dhaka a shekara ta 2005. <ref name=":0" /> In watan Janairun shekara ta 2009, an kuma naɗa Khair a matsayin shugaban Sashen Shari'a a Jami'ar Dhaka . <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Sumaiya Khair Dhaka University Profile |url=https://www.du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102110118/https://du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-date=2024-11-02 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=www.du.ac.bd |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar har zuwa shekara ta 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-09 |title=Reflections on selected aspects of human rights in Bangladesh |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-rights/law-interview/news/reflections-selected-aspects-human-rights-bangladesh-3191431 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ta sami lambar yabo ta Jami'ar Gudanarwa a shekarar 2011.<ref name=":02" /> Ta zama mataimakiyar darakta na Transparency International Bangladesh a shekarar 2013. <ref name=":02" /> Ta yi aiki a matsayin edita na Jaridar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Dhaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile of chair, members of Constitution Reform Commission |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/362827/profile-of-chair-members-of-constitution-reform |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Dhaka Tribune |language=en}}</ref> An naɗa Khair a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa na Transparency International Bangladesh a shekarar 2017.<ref name=":0"/> A watan Janairunn shekarar 2020, Khair ya sanya hannu kan wata wasika da ke nuna rashin amincewa da shari'ar da aka yi wa editan Prothom Alo Matiur Rahman kan mutuwar dalibi a makaranta a wani taron Prothom Alo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-18 |title='It’s a case of harassment' |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/its-case-harassment-1855564 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-18 |title=Arrest warrant against Prothom Alo editor condemned |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/Arrest-warrant-against-Prothom-Alo-editor |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Prothomalo |language=en}}</ref> Ta sanya hannu kan wata sanarwa a shekarar 2021 inda ta bukaci a saki Rozina [[Musulunci|Islam]], mai ba da rahoto na Prothom Alo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-22 |title=83 eminent citizens demand Rozina’s release |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/83-eminent-citizens-demand-rozinas-release-2096533 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi kira ga gwamnati da ta sabunta rajistar kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Odhikar a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-13 |title=Renew Odhikar’s registration |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/renew-odhikars-registration-3046026 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Bayan faduwar Sheikh Hasina ya jagoranci gwamnatin Awami League, an sanya Khair memba na Hukumar Gyara Tsarin Mulki ta gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Muhammad Yunus a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Full commission on constitutional reforms formed |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/full-commission-constitutional-reforms-formed-3722241 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan littattafai == * Ayyukan Yara da aka sake ziyarta: Jima'i, Al'adu, Tattalin Arziki da 'Yancin Dan Adam <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hoque |first=Ridwanul |title=”Child labour is not all about human rights” |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/law/2011/10/01/book.htm |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref> * Ƙarfafawa ta Shari'a ga Matalauta da Rashin Amfani: Shirye-shiryen Nasarori da Ƙalubalen <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Author Page |url=https://uplbooks.com/author/new/sumaiya-khair-808 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The University Press Limited |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206102253/https://uplbooks.com/author/new/sumaiya-khair-808 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Gudanarwa da Aminci: Tsarin Aminci na Kasa a Bangladesh <ref name=":1" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] gyc4wmql4d42un1xeka8h17c3sb9v0d 892827 892826 2026-08-08T10:04:18Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sumaiya Khair''' farfesa ce ta shari'a, mai bincike, kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The modern face of slavery |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/law/2009/08/03/monitor.htm |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref> Ita ce tsohuwar shugabar Sashen Shari'a a Jami'ar [[Dhaka]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-21 |title=3rd TIB-DUMCS Anti-Corruption Moot Court Competition 2023 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-rights/news/3rd-tib-dumcs-anti-corruption-moot-court-competition-2023-3572181 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ita ce mai ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa na Transparency International [[Bangladesh]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=ace_admin |date=2017-12-01 |title=Introducing... Prof Sumaiya Khair, Adviser - Executive Management at Transparency International Bangladesh |url=https://ace.soas.ac.uk/news-sumaiya-khair/ |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=ace |language=en}}</ref> Ita memba ce ta Hukumar Gyara Tsarin Mulki . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-14 |title=First meeting of constitution reform commission held virtually |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/first-meeting-constitution-reform-commission-held-virtually-3726881 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-14 |title=Constitution reform commission holds discussion with stakeholders |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/constitution-reform-commission-holds-discussion-stakeholders-3752906 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ta kasance tsohuwar mataimakiyar darakta ta Transparency International Bangladesh . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-04 |title=NGOs had to spend 20pc of climate funds on bribe: TIB |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/ngos-had-to-spend-20pc-of-climate-funds-on-bribery-tib |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Khair ta yi karatun digiri na farko da digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Dhaka a shekarar 1984 da shekara ta 1985.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Sumaiya Khair Dhaka University Profile |url=https://www.du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102110118/https://du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-date=2024-11-02 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=www.du.ac.bd |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Ya kammala digirinta na PhD a Jami'ar Gabashin London . <ref name=":0" /> == Ayyuka == Khair ya shiga Jami'ar Dhaka a matsayin malami a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1990. <ref name=":0"/> An kuma inganta ta zuwa Mataimakin Farfesa a shekarar 1994.<ref name=":0" /> An kara Khair zuwa Mataimakin Farfesa a shekara ta 2002.<ref name=":0"/> Ta shiga Jami'ar Gabas a matsayin farfesa. An inganta ta zuwa cikakken farfesa a Jami'ar Dhaka a shekara ta 2005. <ref name=":0" /> In watan Janairun shekara ta 2009, an kuma naɗa Khair a matsayin shugaban Sashen Shari'a a Jami'ar Dhaka . <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Sumaiya Khair Dhaka University Profile |url=https://www.du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102110118/https://du.ac.bd/faculty/faculty_details/LAW/306 |archive-date=2024-11-02 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=www.du.ac.bd |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar har zuwa shekara ta 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-09 |title=Reflections on selected aspects of human rights in Bangladesh |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-rights/law-interview/news/reflections-selected-aspects-human-rights-bangladesh-3191431 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ta sami lambar yabo ta Jami'ar Gudanarwa a shekarar 2011.<ref name=":02" /> Ta zama mataimakiyar darakta na Transparency International Bangladesh a shekarar 2013. <ref name=":02" /> Ta yi aiki a matsayin edita na Jaridar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Dhaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile of chair, members of Constitution Reform Commission |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/362827/profile-of-chair-members-of-constitution-reform |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Dhaka Tribune |language=en}}</ref> An naɗa Khair a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa na Transparency International Bangladesh a shekarar 2017.<ref name=":0"/> A watan Janairunn shekarar 2020, Khair ya sanya hannu kan wata wasika da ke nuna rashin amincewa da shari'ar da aka yi wa editan Prothom Alo Matiur Rahman kan mutuwar dalibi a makaranta a wani taron Prothom Alo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-18 |title='It’s a case of harassment' |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/its-case-harassment-1855564 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-18 |title=Arrest warrant against Prothom Alo editor condemned |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/Arrest-warrant-against-Prothom-Alo-editor |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Prothomalo |language=en}}</ref> Ta sanya hannu kan wata sanarwa a shekarar 2021 inda ta bukaci a saki Rozina [[Musulunci|Islam]], mai ba da rahoto na Prothom Alo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-22 |title=83 eminent citizens demand Rozina’s release |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/83-eminent-citizens-demand-rozinas-release-2096533 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi kira ga gwamnati da ta sabunta rajistar kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Odhikar a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-13 |title=Renew Odhikar’s registration |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/renew-odhikars-registration-3046026 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Bayan faɗuwar Sheikh Hasina ya jagoranci gwamnatin Awami League, an sanya Khair memba na Hukumar Gyara Tsarin Mulki ta gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Muhammad Yunus a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Full commission on constitutional reforms formed |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/full-commission-constitutional-reforms-formed-3722241 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan littattafai == * Ayyukan Yara da aka sake ziyarta: Jima'i, Al'adu, Tattalin Arziki da 'Yancin Dan Adam <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hoque |first=Ridwanul |title=”Child labour is not all about human rights” |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/law/2011/10/01/book.htm |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref> * Ƙarfafawa ta Shari'a ga Matalauta da Rashin Amfani: Shirye-shiryen Nasarori da Ƙalubalen <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Author Page |url=https://uplbooks.com/author/new/sumaiya-khair-808 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=The University Press Limited |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206102253/https://uplbooks.com/author/new/sumaiya-khair-808 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Gudanarwa da Aminci: Tsarin Aminci na Kasa a Bangladesh <ref name=":1" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] a5sdp3t05gobznmq3gf9ka262zv1460 0 113867 892908 822102 2026-08-08T10:35:14Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ute Bock''' (27 June 1942 – 19 January 2018)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Ute Bock ist gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}</ref> was an [[Austriya|Austrian]] educator who was known for her projects helping [[Mai Neman Mafaka|asylum seekers]]. == Tarihin rayuwa == An kuma haifi Bock a [[Linz]] . Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, ta nemi aiki a ƙaramar hukumar [[Vienna]] kuma za ta iya fara aiki a matsayin malami. Daga shekarar 1962 har zuwa 1969, ta yi aiki a wata makaranta a Vienna. Bayan haka, ta fara aiki a Cibiyar kula da matasa ta Zohmanngasse a gundumar Viennese Favoriten kuma a 1976, an nada ta a matsayin darakta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref> A farkon shekarun 1990s, ofishin kula da lafiyar matasa ya kara tura matasa da suka fice zuwa cibiyar Ute Bock, kuma saboda wasu makarantu sun riga sun karkatar da su. Wannan shine lokacin da Bock ya fara shiga cikin gwagwarmaya da taimakon jin kai ga masu neman mafaka.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Ute Bock ist gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1999, Harin wani hari a cibiyarta, an kama kimanin matasa 30 na Afirka saboda fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi a karkashin "Operation Spring". Ute Bock kanta an tuhume ta da fashi da fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi, ma. Wannan ya haifar da dakatar da ita na ɗan lokaci daga aiki. Daga baya an sauke tuhumar, kodayake an hana ta karɓar wasu masu neman mafaka na Afirka a cibiyarta. Daga nan sai ta shirya al'ummomin zama masu zaman kansu, waɗanda ta ba da kuɗin kanta kuma ta kula da su.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref> In 2000 she retired, but continued working on her project. 2002 she founded her own NGO ''Flüchtlingsprojekt Ute Boc''k ("refugee project Ute Bock").<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref> Over 350 asylum seekers find accommodation in Ute Bock's organised apartments. Another 1,000 homeless asylum seekers have their mailing address at her NGO's address.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> She made legal advice available to her clients. Kun[[giya]] ba da agaji ta dogara da gudummawa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref> A Vienna, an fara kamfen ɗin ''''Bock auf Bier'''', inda aka ba da karamin kashi na farashin giya ga ayyukan gidaje na Bock don masu neman mafaka. Bock auf Bier kalma ce ta yaren ''Neman giya'', amma Bock Beer yana tsaye ne don giya mai ƙarfi na musamman A shekara ta 2012, shugaban kasar Heinz Fischer ya ba ta lambar yabo ta girmamawa don ayyuka ga Jamhuriyar Austria, babbar lambar yabo ta kasa ta Austria.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Ute Bock ist gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}</ref> In A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2013 ta sha wahala daga bugun jini kuma ba ta iya yin aiki kamar yadda ta kasance a baya, wanda kuma ya jagoranci kungiyoyin ba da agaji cikin matsalolin kudi. Ba za a iya biyan gidaje da yawa ba kuma wasu masu neman mafaka dole ne su canza wurin zama. Don a farfado da gudummawa, ta sake fara aiki a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Ute Bock ist gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}</ref> A shekara ta 2018, ta mutu a Vienna, tana da shekaru 75.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Ute Bock ist gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 "Ute Bock ist gestorben"]. ''kurier.at'' (in German). 19 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-04</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]</ref> Bock ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa saboda tasirin zamantakewar al'umma: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref> * 1999: Kyautar Ute Bock don Ƙarfin Ɗabi'a Zivilcourage * 2000: Kyautar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta UNHCR * 2002: Kyautar Bruno Kreisky * 2003: Kyautar Karl Renner da [[Senior Price Greinecker|Greinecker Seniorenpreis]] * 2005: Daya daga cikin mata biyar na Austriya, waɗanda aka zaba don aikin Peace Women Across the Globe 2007 * 2007: Kyautar Dan Adam ta Duniya * 2012: Kyautar Daraja ga Ayyuka ga Jamhuriyar Austria [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] ==Manazarta== 5gmmrawi673fc73jh1ttt5dq24f8xqj 892909 892908 2026-08-08T10:35:33Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ute Bock''' (27 June 1942 – 19 January 2018)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Ute Bock ist gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}</ref> was an [[Austriya|Austrian]] educator who was known for her projects helping [[Mai Neman Mafaka|asylum seekers]]. == Tarihin rayuwa == An kuma haifi Bock a [[Linz]] . Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, ta nemi aiki a ƙaramar hukumar [[Vienna]] kuma za ta iya fara aiki a matsayin malami. Daga shekarar 1962 har zuwa 1969, ta yi aiki a wata makaranta a Vienna. Bayan haka, ta fara aiki a Cibiyar kula da matasa ta Zohmanngasse a gundumar Viennese Favoriten kuma a shekarar 1976, an naɗa ta a matsayin darakta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref> A farkon shekarun 1990s, ofishin kula da lafiyar matasa ya kara tura matasa da suka fice zuwa cibiyar Ute Bock, kuma saboda wasu makarantu sun riga sun karkatar da su. Wannan shine lokacin da Bock ya fara shiga cikin gwagwarmaya da taimakon jin kai ga masu neman mafaka.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Ute Bock ist gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1999, Harin wani hari a cibiyarta, an kama kimanin matasa 30 na Afirka saboda fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi a karkashin "Operation Spring". Ute Bock kanta an tuhume ta da fashi da fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi, ma. Wannan ya haifar da dakatar da ita na ɗan lokaci daga aiki. Daga baya an sauke tuhumar, kodayake an hana ta karɓar wasu masu neman mafaka na Afirka a cibiyarta. Daga nan sai ta shirya al'ummomin zama masu zaman kansu, waɗanda ta ba da kuɗin kanta kuma ta kula da su.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref> In 2000 she retired, but continued working on her project. 2002 she founded her own NGO ''Flüchtlingsprojekt Ute Boc''k ("refugee project Ute Bock").<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref> Over 350 asylum seekers find accommodation in Ute Bock's organised apartments. Another 1,000 homeless asylum seekers have their mailing address at her NGO's address.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> She made legal advice available to her clients. Kun[[giya]] ba da agaji ta dogara da gudummawa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref> A Vienna, an fara kamfen ɗin ''''Bock auf Bier'''', inda aka ba da karamin kashi na farashin giya ga ayyukan gidaje na Bock don masu neman mafaka. Bock auf Bier kalma ce ta yaren ''Neman giya'', amma Bock Beer yana tsaye ne don giya mai ƙarfi na musamman A shekara ta 2012, shugaban kasar Heinz Fischer ya ba ta lambar yabo ta girmamawa don ayyuka ga Jamhuriyar Austria, babbar lambar yabo ta kasa ta Austria.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Ute Bock ist gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}</ref> In A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2013 ta sha wahala daga bugun jini kuma ba ta iya yin aiki kamar yadda ta kasance a baya, wanda kuma ya jagoranci kungiyoyin ba da agaji cikin matsalolin kudi. Ba za a iya biyan gidaje da yawa ba kuma wasu masu neman mafaka dole ne su canza wurin zama. Don a farfado da gudummawa, ta sake fara aiki a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Ute Bock ist gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}</ref> A shekara ta 2018, ta mutu a Vienna, tana da shekaru 75.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Ute Bock ist gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 "Ute Bock ist gestorben"]. ''kurier.at'' (in German). 19 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-04</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]</ref> Bock ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa saboda tasirin zamantakewar al'umma: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref> * 1999: Kyautar Ute Bock don Ƙarfin Ɗabi'a Zivilcourage * 2000: Kyautar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta UNHCR * 2002: Kyautar Bruno Kreisky * 2003: Kyautar Karl Renner da [[Senior Price Greinecker|Greinecker Seniorenpreis]] * 2005: Daya daga cikin mata biyar na Austriya, waɗanda aka zaba don aikin Peace Women Across the Globe 2007 * 2007: Kyautar Dan Adam ta Duniya * 2012: Kyautar Daraja ga Ayyuka ga Jamhuriyar Austria [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] ==Manazarta== d2lux5gtxiymwomx7as1tasif09gtkd 892910 892909 2026-08-08T10:35:59Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ute Bock''' (27 June 1942 – 19 January 2018)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Ute Bock ist gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}</ref> was an [[Austriya|Austrian]] educator who was known for her projects helping [[Mai Neman Mafaka|asylum seekers]]. == Tarihin rayuwa == An kuma haifi Bock a [[Linz]] . Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, ta nemi aiki a ƙaramar hukumar [[Vienna]] kuma za ta iya fara aiki a matsayin malami. Daga shekarar 1962 har zuwa 1969, ta yi aiki a wata makaranta a Vienna. Bayan haka, ta fara aiki a Cibiyar kula da matasa ta Zohmanngasse a gundumar Viennese Favoriten kuma a shekarar 1976, an naɗa ta a matsayin darakta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref> A farkon shekarun 1990s, ofishin kula da lafiyar matasa ya kara tura matasa da suka fice zuwa cibiyar Ute Bock, kuma saboda wasu makarantu sun riga sun karkatar da su. Wannan shine lokacin da Bock ya fara shiga cikin gwagwarmaya da taimakon jin kai ga masu neman mafaka.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Ute Bock ist gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1999, Harin wani hari a cibiyarta, an kama kimanin matasa 30 na Afirka saboda fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi a karkashin "Operation Spring". Ute Bock kanta an tuhume ta da fashi da fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi, ma. Wannan ya haifar da dakatar da ita na ɗan lokaci daga aiki. Daga baya an sauke tuhumar, kodayake an hana ta karɓar wasu masu neman mafaka na Afirka a cibiyarta. Daga nan sai ta shirya al'ummomin zama masu zaman kansu, waɗanda ta ba da kuɗin kanta kuma ta kula da su.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref> In 2000 she retired, but continued working on her project. 2002 she founded her own NGO ''Flüchtlingsprojekt Ute Boc''k ("refugee project Ute Bock").<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref> Over 350 asylum seekers find accommodation in Ute Bock's organised apartments. Another 1,000 homeless asylum seekers have their mailing address at her NGO's address.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> She made legal advice available to her clients. Kun[[giya]] ba da agaji ta dogara da gudummawa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref> A Vienna, an fara kamfen ɗin ''''Bock auf Bier'''', inda aka ba da karamin kashi na farashin giya ga ayyukan gidaje na Bock don masu neman mafaka. Bock auf Bier kalma ce ta yaren ''Neman giya'', amma Bock Beer yana tsaye ne don giya mai ƙarfi na musamman A shekara ta 2012, shugaban ƙasar Heinz Fischer ya ba ta lambar yabo ta girmamawa don ayyuka ga Jamhuriyar Austria, babbar lambar yabo ta kasa ta Austria.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Ute Bock ist gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}</ref> In A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2013 ta sha wahala daga bugun jini kuma ba ta iya yin aiki kamar yadda ta kasance a baya, wanda kuma ya jagoranci kungiyoyin ba da agaji cikin matsalolin kudi. Ba za a iya biyan gidaje da yawa ba kuma wasu masu neman mafaka dole ne su canza wurin zama. Don a farfado da gudummawa, ta sake fara aiki a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Ute Bock ist gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}</ref> A shekara ta 2018, ta mutu a Vienna, tana da shekaru 75.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Ute Bock ist gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 "Ute Bock ist gestorben"]. ''kurier.at'' (in German). 19 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-04</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]</ref> Bock ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa saboda tasirin zamantakewar al'umma: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref> * 1999: Kyautar Ute Bock don Ƙarfin Ɗabi'a Zivilcourage * 2000: Kyautar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta UNHCR * 2002: Kyautar Bruno Kreisky * 2003: Kyautar Karl Renner da [[Senior Price Greinecker|Greinecker Seniorenpreis]] * 2005: Daya daga cikin mata biyar na Austriya, waɗanda aka zaba don aikin Peace Women Across the Globe 2007 * 2007: Kyautar Dan Adam ta Duniya * 2012: Kyautar Daraja ga Ayyuka ga Jamhuriyar Austria [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] ==Manazarta== t7l9ecicy5jqie0ufbtpz8uhp1x6927 892911 892910 2026-08-08T10:36:09Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ute Bock''' (27 June 1942 – 19 January 2018)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Ute Bock ist gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}</ref> was an [[Austriya|Austrian]] educator who was known for her projects helping [[Mai Neman Mafaka|asylum seekers]]. == Tarihin rayuwa == An kuma haifi Bock a [[Linz]] . Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, ta nemi aiki a ƙaramar hukumar [[Vienna]] kuma za ta iya fara aiki a matsayin malami. Daga shekarar 1962 har zuwa 1969, ta yi aiki a wata makaranta a Vienna. Bayan haka, ta fara aiki a Cibiyar kula da matasa ta Zohmanngasse a gundumar Viennese Favoriten kuma a shekarar 1976, an naɗa ta a matsayin darakta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref> A farkon shekarun 1990s, ofishin kula da lafiyar matasa ya kara tura matasa da suka fice zuwa cibiyar Ute Bock, kuma saboda wasu makarantu sun riga sun karkatar da su. Wannan shine lokacin da Bock ya fara shiga cikin gwagwarmaya da taimakon jin kai ga masu neman mafaka.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Ute Bock ist gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1999, Harin wani hari a cibiyarta, an kama kimanin matasa 30 na Afirka saboda fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi a karkashin "Operation Spring". Ute Bock kanta an tuhume ta da fashi da fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi, ma. Wannan ya haifar da dakatar da ita na ɗan lokaci daga aiki. Daga baya an sauke tuhumar, kodayake an hana ta karɓar wasu masu neman mafaka na Afirka a cibiyarta. Daga nan sai ta shirya al'ummomin zama masu zaman kansu, waɗanda ta ba da kuɗin kanta kuma ta kula da su.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref> In 2000 she retired, but continued working on her project. 2002 she founded her own NGO ''Flüchtlingsprojekt Ute Boc''k ("refugee project Ute Bock").<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref> Over 350 asylum seekers find accommodation in Ute Bock's organised apartments. Another 1,000 homeless asylum seekers have their mailing address at her NGO's address.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> She made legal advice available to her clients. Kun[[giya]] ba da agaji ta dogara da gudummawa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref> A Vienna, an fara kamfen ɗin ''''Bock auf Bier'''', inda aka ba da karamin kashi na farashin giya ga ayyukan gidaje na Bock don masu neman mafaka. Bock auf Bier kalma ce ta yaren ''Neman giya'', amma Bock Beer yana tsaye ne don giya mai ƙarfi na musamman A shekara ta 2012, shugaban ƙasar Heinz Fischer ya ba ta lambar yabo ta girmamawa don ayyuka ga Jamhuriyar Austria, babbar lambar yabo ta kasa ta Austria.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Ute Bock ist gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}</ref> In A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2013 ta sha wahala daga bugun jini kuma ba ta iya yin aiki kamar yadda ta kasance a baya, wanda kuma ya jagoranci kungiyoyin ba da agaji cikin matsalolin kudi. Ba za a iya biyan gidaje da yawa ba kuma wasu masu neman mafaka dole ne su canza wurin zama. Don a farfaɗo da gudummawa, ta sake fara aiki a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Ute Bock ist gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}</ref> A shekara ta 2018, ta mutu a Vienna, tana da shekaru 75.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=Ute Bock ist gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/ute-bock-ist-gestorben/307.354.256 "Ute Bock ist gestorben"]. ''kurier.at'' (in German). 19 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-04</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]</ref> Bock ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa saboda tasirin zamantakewar al'umma: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bock, Ute |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/Bock%2C_Ute |access-date=2019-08-04 |website=Austria-Forum |language=de}}</ref> * 1999: Kyautar Ute Bock don Ƙarfin Ɗabi'a Zivilcourage * 2000: Kyautar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta UNHCR * 2002: Kyautar Bruno Kreisky * 2003: Kyautar Karl Renner da [[Senior Price Greinecker|Greinecker Seniorenpreis]] * 2005: Daya daga cikin mata biyar na Austriya, waɗanda aka zaba don aikin Peace Women Across the Globe 2007 * 2007: Kyautar Dan Adam ta Duniya * 2012: Kyautar Daraja ga Ayyuka ga Jamhuriyar Austria [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] ==Manazarta== 8yq1kxyjywn04i7twuq7aa7u769nfbu 0 115107 892732 742777 2026-08-08T04:34:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Nemsia Studios''' kamfani ne na samar da fina-finai na Najeriya. Cibiyoyin samar da shi suna zaune ne a Ilupeju, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]]. Derin Adeyokunnu da [[BB Sasore]] ne suka kafa kamfanin a shekarar 2013. Baya ga fina-finai, Nemsia Studios kuma tana samar da jerin shirye-shiryen TV.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-12 |title=AMVCA 2024: Amazon Prime's 'Breath of Life' Dominates with Five Wins |url=https://nigerianbulletin.com/ams/amazon-primes-breath-of-life-reigns-supreme-at-amvca-2024-secures-five-top-honors.5136/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Nigerian Bulletin |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Dosunmu |first=Damilare |date=2022-06-21 |title=Inside Amazon Prime Video's first Nollywood film production deal |url=https://techcabal.com/2022/06/21/amazon-prime-video-commissions-nollywoods-nemsia-films-for-3-films/ |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=TechCabal |language=en-US}}</ref> Shahararrun shirye-shirye daga ɗakunan Nemsia sun haɗa da Before 30 (2015), God Calling (2018) da Banana Island Ghost (2017) wanda ke cikin Top 50 na [[Jerin Finafinan Najeriya da suka fi kawo kudi|jerin fina-finai na Najeriya mafi girma a kowane lokaci]] <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017-07-29 |title=Show of class, as 'Banana Island Ghost' premieres |url=https://guardian.ng/life/film/show-of-class-as-banana-island-ghost-premieres/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Ejiofor |first=Yvonne |date=2017-08-10 |title='Banana Island Ghost' Ice Cream Flavor |url=https://guardian.ng/life/events/banana-island-ghost-ice-cream-flavor/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> .'''.''' Nemsia Films kuma ta samar da Breath of Life (2023), wanda ya ci gaba da lashe kyautar fim mafi kyau a AMVCA Award 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=2024-05-11 |title=[ICMYI]FULL LIST: AMVCA 2024 nominations |url=https://punchng.com/full-list-amvca-2024-nominations/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=AriseNews |date=2024-05-12 |title=BB Sasore's 'Breath of Life' Dominates AMVCA with Multiple Wins |url=https://www.arise.tv/bb-sasores-breath-of-life-dominates-amvca-with-multiple-wins/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Arise News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Victoria |first=Babatola Ayomide |date=2024-05-11 |title=Breath of Life wins AMVCA 2024 Best Movie Award |url=https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/breath-of-life-wins-amvca-2024-best-movie-award/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Businessday NG |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Maris ɗin shekarar 2025, Nemsia Studios ta fitar da fim ɗin wasan kwaikwayo na ''[[Suky]]'', wanda aka fara a lamba 5 a kan Firayim Bidiyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=From the Makers of 'Breath of Life': New Nollywood action-drama ‘Suky’ explores underground Dambe boxing {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/movies/from-the-makers-of-breath-of-life-new-nollywood-action-drama-suky-explores-underground-dambe-boxing-2025022513122507738 |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en |archive-date=2025-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410210435/https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/movies/from-the-makers-of-breath-of-life-new-nollywood-action-drama-suky-explores-underground-dambe-boxing-2025022513122507738 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2025-02-25 |title=Nemsia Studios drops intense trailer for ‘ SUKY’ |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/02/nemsia-studios-drops-intense-trailer-for-suky/ |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Adedayo |first=Adedamola |date=2025-02-25 |title=Nemsia Studios Releases Trailer For Action-Packed Drama “Suky”, Premieres On Prime Video |url=https://culturecustodian.com/nemsia-studios-releases-trailer-for-action-packed-drama-suky-premieres-on-prime-video/ |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ayyuka == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Taken !Ref |- |2015 |<nowiki><i id="mwUA">Kafin 30</i></nowiki> |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloruntoyin |first=Faith |date=2023-10-21 |title=Stars of 'Before 30' return for production of its sequel 'After 30' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/stars-of-before-30-return-for-production-of-its-sequel-after-30/llcntx0 |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> |- |2017 |[[Banana Island Ghost|''Gidan Gidan Gida na Banana'']] |<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> |- |2018 |[[God Calling|''Allah Kira'']] |<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Yossman |first=K. J. |date=2022-06-21 |title=Amazon Prime Video Sets 3-Picture Deal With Nollywood Production House Nemsia Films |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/amazon-prime-video-sets-3-picture-deal-with-nollywood-production-house-nemsia-films-1235299440/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Goodfellow |first=Melanie |date=2022-06-21 |title=Amazon Prime Video Pushes Further Into Nollywood, Strikes Three Picture Deal With Nemsia Films |url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/amazon-nemsia-nollywood-africa-1235049059/ |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2023 |[[Breath of Life (fim na 2023)|''Rashin Rayuwa'']] |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eleanya |first=Frank |date=2023-12-20 |title=Breath of Life review: A visually stunning story of faith, friendship |url=https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/breath-of-life-review-a-visually-stunning-story-of-faith-friendship/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Businessday NG |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |''Rashin zazzabi'' |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian Filmmaker Taiwo Egunjobi is Carving Out His Own Path in Nollywood - Okayplayer |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/taiwo-egunjobi-a-green-fever/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=www.okayafrica.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |[[With Difficulty Comes Ease|''Tare da Matsala Yana zuwa Sauƙi'']] |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |date=2024-08-07 |title=Nemsia Studios’ ‘With Difficulty Comes Ease' debuts on Amazon Prime Video |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/722130-nemsia-studios-with-difficulty-comes-ease-debuts-on-amazon-prime-video.html |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkemakolam |first=Juliet |date=2024-07-30 |title=Nollywood film ‘With Difficulty Comes Ease’ premiers Aug. 1st |url=https://guardian.ng/life/nollywood-film-with-difficulty-comes-ease-premiers-aug-1st/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |[[Soft Love|''Ƙaunar Mai Laushi'']] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-26 |title=Nemsia Studios Hosts Spectacular Soft Love Premiere With Nollywood Celebrities In Attendance – Independent Newspaper Nigeria |url=https://independent.ng/nemsia-studios-hosts-spectacular-soft-love-premiere-with-nollywood-celebrities-in-attendance/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5" |2025 |''[[Suky]]'' |<ref name=":4"/><ref name=":5"/> |- |<nowiki><i id="mwrQ">Bayan 30</i></nowiki> |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2025-05-09 |title=The Wait is Over: "After 30" brings back the women we grew up with in "Before 30" |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/05/the-wait-is-over-after-30-brings-back-the-women-we-grew-up-with-in-before-30/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |''Ms. Kanyin'' |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fáwọlé |first=Immanuel Táiyéwò |date=2025-06-30 |title=Nemsia Studios’ Supernatural Thriller “Ms Kanyin” Debuts as Fourth 2025 Release Under Prime Video Deal |url=https://shockng.com/nemsia-studios-supernatural-thriller-ms-kanyin-debuts-as-fourth-2025-release-under-prime-video-deal/ |access-date=2025-07-28 |website=ShockNG |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |''Wutar da Tsuntsu'' |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nemsia Studios Releases The Fire and The Moth Globally on Prime Video – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/06/03/nemsia-studios-releases-the-fire-and-the-moth-globally-on-prime-video/ |access-date=2025-07-28 |website=www.thisdaylive.com |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Neman Nina |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clegg |first=Tosin |date=2025-08-06 |title=Finding Nina Premieres on Prime Video |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/08/07/finding-nina-premieres-on-prime-video/ |access-date=2025-08-31 |website=THISDAYLIVE |language=en-US}}</ref> |} == Manazarta == glk9t8kun59e03lzycwc5wf7fr1us1s 0 120928 892700 879252 2026-08-07T22:37:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Miss Universe [[Bangladesh]] wata gasar kwalliya ce ta kasa wacce ta zabi wakiliyar [[Bangladesh]] a gasar Miss Universe, daya daga cikin manyan gasar kyau na kasa da kasa . Miss universe [[Bangladesh]] 2025 ita ce [[Tangia Zaman Methila]], Tun asali an saita don yin gasa a Miss Universe 2020 amma ta kasa shiga saboda takunkumin tafiye-tafiye da ƙarin kullewa da aka sanya wa Bangladesh saboda [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|cutar ta COVID-19]] . Bayan shekaru 5, an sake nada ta a matsayin Miss Universe Bangladesh 2025. == Tarihi == An kaddamar da Miss Universe [[Bangladesh]] a hukumance a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2019. An bayyana kambin gasar a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2019. Shirin Akter Shila ya zama mace ta farko da ta lashe Miss Universe Bangladesh a 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2019 |title=Miss Universe Bangladesh officially launches for the first time |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/showtime/2019/09/07/miss-universe-bangladesh-officially-launches-for-the-first-time |access-date=23 October 2019 |website=Dhaka Trinune}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2019 |title=Miss Universe Bangladesh launches officially |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/news/miss-universe-bangladesh-launches-officially-1796896 |access-date=23 October 2019 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2019 |title=Miss Universe Bangladesh launched |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/83873/miss-universe-bangladesh-launched |access-date=23 October 2019 |website=New Age |archive-date=23 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023112925/http://www.newagebd.net/article/83873/miss-universe-bangladesh-launched |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bugu na biyu ya ga Tangia Zaman Methila ya lashe kambi a matsayin wanda ya yi nasara. Koyaya, saboda takunkumin tafiye-tafiye, Methila ta kasa wakiltar [[Bangladesh]] a Miss Universe 2020, wanda ya tilasta mata ficewa daga gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2019 |title=Shirin Akter Shela makes Bangladesh proud on Miss Universe platform |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/showtime/2019/12/10/shirin-akter-shela-makes-bangladesh-proud-on-miss-universe-platform |access-date=17 October 2020 |website=Dhaka Tribune}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2019 |title=Miss Universe Bangladesh crown unveiled |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/showtime/2019/10/15/miss-universe-bangladesh-crown-unveiled |access-date=23 October 2019 |website=Dhaka Trinune}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2019 |title=Miss Universe Bangladesh unveils its crown |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/news/miss-universe-bangladesh-unveils-its-crown-1814140 |access-date=23 October 2019 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2019 |title=Miss Universe Bangladesh’s crown unveiled |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/arcprint/details/431556/Miss-Universe-Bangladesh%E2%80%99s-crown-unveiled/2019-10-16 |access-date=23 October 2019 |website=Daily Sun |archive-date=23 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023135555/https://www.daily-sun.com/arcprint/details/431556/Miss-Universe-Bangladesh%25E2%2580%2599s-crown-unveiled/2019-10-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Masu rike da madafun iko == {{Plainlist|* {{Color box|gold|border=silver}} : Declared as Winner * {{Color box|#FFFF66|border=silver}} : Ended as runner-up or top 5/6 qualification * {{Color box|#FFFF99|border=silver}} : Ended as one of the finalists or semifinalists * {{Color box|#FADADD|border=silver}} : Ended as special awards winner}} :: ''A wani lokaci, lokacin da wanda ya ci nasara bai cancanta ba (saboda shekaru) don kowane takara, ana aika wanda ya zo na biyu.'' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! width="60" |Shekara ! width="150" | Gundumar ! width="250" | Miss Universe Bangladesh ! width="250" | Wuri a Miss Universe ! width="250" | Kyaututtuka na musamman ! width="250" | Bayanan kula |- style="background-color:#FFFF99;" ! 2025 | [[Dhaka|Daka]] | [[Tangia Zaman Methila]] | Manyan 30 | | An sake nada Tangia a matsayin Miss Universe Bangladesh 2025. |- ! 2024 | [[Dhaka|Daka]] | '''Aniqa Alam''' | Ba a sanya shi ba | | An nada Aniqa a matsayin Miss Universe Bangladesh 2024 |-| colspan=6 {{N/a|Did not compete between 2021—2023}} |- ! 2020 | [[Dhaka|Daka]] | [[Tangia Zaman Methila]]| colspan=2 {{N/a|Did not compete}} | An shirya Tangia zuwa Miss Universe 2020, saboda takunkumin tafiye-tafiye ta kasa yin gasa. |- ! 2019 | Thakurgaon | [[Shirin Akter Shila]] | Ba a sanya shi ba | | A baya can, Shila ta zama mafi kyawun samfurin mata na Fuskar Bangladesh 2019. |- |} === Nasara ta gunduma === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" ! width="150" |Gundumar ! width="50" | Lakabi ! width="250" | Shekaru |- | [[Dhaka|Daka]] | rowspan="1" style="text-align: center" | 2 | 2020, 2024 |- | Thakurgaon | rowspan="1" style="text-align: center" | 1 | 2019 |- |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} 4zxsmuomdfwuhlwufur8i3q89nx6n4r 0 121218 892802 891005 2026-08-08T09:55:11Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar 1898-99 . Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA a 1962, a 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa (1908-1958) === A shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. A shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar 1919-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. A shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane a shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 3xzggxv8tevnkdt5lwam0lfz6p3dp4g 892803 892802 2026-08-08T09:56:37Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar 1898-99 . Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA a 1962, a 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa (1908-1958) === A shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. A shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar 1919-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. A shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} f8vrnfahlllv91nf56mra31a7vhdlff 892804 892803 2026-08-08T09:57:27Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar 1898-99 . Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA a 1962, a 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa (1908-1958) === A shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. A shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar 1919-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. Acikin shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 35r7wsir37sxq4m30ipu24dq7bfaj2f 892808 892804 2026-08-08T09:58:54Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar 1898-99 . Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA a 1962, a 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-zuwa cikin 1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa (1908-1958) === A shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. A shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar 1919-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. Acikin shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} nvlv80jfaltzsie64czfa8zjx6x44o2 892811 892808 2026-08-08T09:59:35Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar 1898-99 . Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA a 1962, a 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa (1908-1958) === A shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. A shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar 1919-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. Acikin shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ep2hvwyt7d78eke5mppmg612x5xwv7m 892818 892811 2026-08-08T10:01:33Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar 1898-99 . Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA acikin 1962, a 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa (1908-1958) === A shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. A shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar 1919-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. Acikin shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} lko9ev4qt03r82uw55thf3cr0fsoxyi 892822 892818 2026-08-08T10:03:03Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar acikin shekara ta 1898-99 . Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA acikin 1962, a 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa (1908-1958) === A shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. A shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar 1919-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. Acikin shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 75q4knp0yrz0wkn6z87dvc2siseyt9p 892825 892822 2026-08-08T10:03:54Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar acikin shekara ta 1898-har zuwa 99 . Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA acikin 1962, a 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa (1908-1958) === A shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. A shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar 1919-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. Acikin shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} dshgba5nkckvzflzt0ucxgu08h4izis 892829 892825 2026-08-08T10:05:05Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar acikin shekara ta 1898-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1899• Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA acikin 1962, a 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa (1908-1958) === A shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. A shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar 1919-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. Acikin shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} d9g9jyzuwpkcwzn05zzrruyk3vukl0r 892831 892829 2026-08-08T10:06:16Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar acikin shekara ta 1898-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1899• Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA acikin 1962, acikin shekara ta 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa (1908-1958) === A shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. A shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar 1919-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. Acikin shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 8dps3lxkimwdq89maju3vgqr30wog9h 892846 892831 2026-08-08T10:12:42Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar acikin shekara ta 1898-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1899• Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA acikin 1962, acikin shekara ta 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa (1908-1958) === A shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. A shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar 1919-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. Acikin shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ppfiqgfhl524z8bw0tcrerbx7f0xayx 892851 892846 2026-08-08T10:14:00Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar acikin shekara ta 1898-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1899• Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA acikin 1962, acikin shekara ta 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa (1908-1958) === Acikin shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. A shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar 1919-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. Acikin shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 74lslt26ey8vmdtxzrrpirm0tglt40m 892856 892851 2026-08-08T10:15:45Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar acikin shekara ta 1898-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1899• Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA acikin 1962, acikin shekara ta 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin (1908-1958) === Acikin shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. A shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar 1919-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. Acikin shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} pjovdj9t6xvhbzqnzgamos804pog0t6 892857 892856 2026-08-08T10:16:39Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar acikin shekara ta 1898-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1899• Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA acikin 1962, acikin shekara ta 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta(1908-1958) === Acikin shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. A shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar 1919-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. Acikin shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} od9opfca5ucx9ua5nv8soqtoecq4ei1 892859 892857 2026-08-08T10:17:21Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar acikin shekara ta 1898-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1899• Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA acikin 1962, acikin shekara ta 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta(1908-har zuwa cikin 1958) === Acikin shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. A shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar 1919-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. Acikin shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} jc3a11qaagy23jg7cod4w8rw9roxf37 892862 892859 2026-08-08T10:18:23Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar acikin shekara ta 1898-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1899• Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA acikin 1962, acikin shekara ta 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta(1908-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1958) === Acikin shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. A shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar 1919-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. Acikin shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} o8dmr5gsw3hadbhuse38na595i6yabf 892867 892862 2026-08-08T10:19:53Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar acikin shekara ta 1898-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1899• Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA acikin 1962, acikin shekara ta 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> Acikin watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta(1908-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1958) === Acikin shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. A shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar 1919-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. Acikin shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 72rns3da3izengmfvnvcmody7733iv6 892870 892867 2026-08-08T10:21:08Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar acikin shekara ta 1898-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1899• Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA acikin 1962, acikin shekara ta 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> Acikin watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta(1908-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1958) === Acikin shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. Acikin shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar 1919-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. Acikin shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} s2prq8irru6hq4q6iqhxu3df1qhci87 892877 892870 2026-08-08T10:23:24Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar acikin shekara ta 1898-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1899• Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA acikin 1962, acikin shekara ta 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> Acikin watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta(1908-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1958) === Acikin shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. Acikin shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar wasa ta cikin 1919-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. Acikin shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} i0iadfo3hzn1ccrxlubwfn025ucsq07 892894 892877 2026-08-08T10:30:21Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar acikin shekara ta 1898-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1899• Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA acikin 1962, acikin shekara ta 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> Acikin watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta(1908-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1958) === Acikin shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. Acikin shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 1919-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. Acikin shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} kppsldv1zwdif2qkb838taj90ledzn8 892899 892894 2026-08-08T10:32:27Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar acikin shekara ta 1898-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1899• Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA acikin 1962, acikin shekara ta 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> Acikin watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta(1908-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1958) === Acikin shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. Acikin shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 1919-zuwa cikin 20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. Acikin shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 3aj9xn6xjk2v2okj4g6q84jo7iw4iao 892905 892899 2026-08-08T10:34:26Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 892905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta '''Tottenham''' Hotspur''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Tottenham''' (/ˈtɒtənəm/, TOT-ən-əm, /tɒtnəm/, TOT-nəm) ko '''Spurs''', kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Tottenham, Arewacin London, Ingila. Kungiyar kanta ta bayyana cewa ya kamata a kira shi "'''Tottenham Hotspur'''" ko "'''Spurs'''", saboda Tottenham shine yankin [[London]] kuma ba sunan kulob din ba. Tana fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], babbar matakin [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur tun cikin shekara ta 2019, inda ta maye gurbin tsohon gidansu na White Hart Lane, wanda aka rushe don samar da sabon filin wasa a wannan shafin. An kafa shi acikin shekara ta 1882, alama '''Tottenham Hotspur''' ita ce zakara da ke tsaye a kan kwallon kafa, tare da taken Latin Audere est Facere ("daukakawa shine yin"). Kungiyar ta saba sa fararen riguna da gajeren wando mai launin shudi a matsayin kayan gida tun daga ka'idar acikin shekara ta 1898-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1899• Yankin horar da su yana kan Hotspur Way a Bulls Cross, Enfield . Bayan da aka kafa ta, Tottenham ta lashe Kofin FA a karo na farko acikin shekara ta 1901, kungiya daya tilo da ba ta League ba da yin hakan tun lokacin da aka kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta 1888. Tottenham ita ce kulob din farko a karni na 20 da ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League da FA Cup Double, inda ta lashe dukkan wasannin ta acikin kakar ta 1960-har zuwa cikin shekata 1961. Bayan nasarar kare Kofin FA acikin 1962, acikin shekara ta 1963 sun zama kulob din Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe gasar kulob din UEFA - Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. Sun kuma kasance masu cin Kofin UEFA a shekarar 1972, sun zama kulob din [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] na farko da ya lashe manyan kofuna biyu na Turai. Sun tattara akalla babban zakara daya a cikin kowane shekaru sittin daga shekarun 1950 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2000, nasarar da kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta samu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester United football club honours |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234004/https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/honours/ |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun (1882-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1908) === [[Fayil:Tottenham_Hotspur_team_in_1885.jpg|thumb|Kungiyoyin farko da na biyu na Spurs a shekarar 1885. Shugaban kulob din John Ripsher a jere na biyu a dama, kyaftin din kungiyar Jack Jull a jere na hudu a hagu, Bobby Buckle a jere na kasa a hagu.]] Asalin sunan '''Hotspur Football Club''', an kafa kulob din ne a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba a shekarar 1882 ta ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta karkashin jagorancin Bobby Buckle. Sun kasance mambobi ne na Hotspur Cricket Club kuma an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa don yin wasanni a lokacin watanni na hunturu.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Bayan shekara guda yaran sun nemi taimako tare da kulob din daga John Ripsher, malamin aji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki a All Hallows Church, wanda ya zama shugaban farko na kulob din da kuma mai ba da kuɗi. Ripsher ya taimaka kuma ya goyi bayan yaran a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya sake tsarawa kuma ya sami wurin zama ga kulob din.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=John Ripsher |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161919/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/john-ripsher-240907/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> Acikin watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1884 an sake sunan kulob din "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" don kauce wa rikicewa tare da wani kulob din London mai suna Hotspur, wanda aka ba da mukaminsa ga Arewacin London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Year by year |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111045223/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/history/history_yearbyyear.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=22 December 2010 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Tottenham Hotspur Club History & Football Trophies |url=http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504051119/http://www.afordawards.co.uk/blog/post/2014/11/06/Tottenham-Hotspur-Club-History-Football-Trophies.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Aford Awards}}</ref> Sunayen lakabi na kulob din sun hada da "Spurs" da "Lilywhites". === Shekaru da yawa na farko a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa acikin shekara ta(1908-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1958) === Acikin shekara ta 1908, an zabi kulob din a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Farko a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu. Acikin shekara ta 1912, Peter McWilliam ya zama kocin; Tottenham ta gama kasa na gasar a ƙarshen kakar 1914-15 lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. An sake komawa Spurs zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kan sake dawo da kwallon kafa bayan yakin, amma da sauri suka koma Sashe na Farko a matsayin Zakarun Sashe na biyu na kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 1919-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1920. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Peter McWilliam: The Tottenham Boss Who Created Legends |url=https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105745/https://ahalftimereport.com/2016/07/19/peter-mcwilliam-the-tottenham-boss-who-created-legends/ |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=A Halftime Report}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Premier League (1992-yanzu) === Tottenham na ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi biyar da suka tura don kafa [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], wanda aka kirkira tare da amincewar Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa, wanda ya maye gurbin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko a matsayin mafi girman rukuni na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A watan Fabrairun Shukari ta 2001, Sugar ya sayar da hannun jarinsa a Spurs ga ENIC Sports plc, wanda Joe Lewis da Daniel Levy ke gudanarwa, kuma ya sauka a matsayin shugaban. Lewis da Levy za su mallaki kashi 85% na kulob din, tare da Levy da ke da alhakin gudanar da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruthven |first=Hunter |date=22 April 2016 |title=Tottenham Hotspur share sales see football club valued at £426m |url=http://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213912/https://realbusiness.co.uk/funding/2016/04/22/tottenham-hotspur-share-sales-see-football-club-valued-at-426m/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=Real Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bains |first=Raj |date=27 April 2017 |title=Daniel Levy has divided Tottenham fans, but now he's overseeing something special at Spurs |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630161641/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/daniel-levy-has-divided-tottenham-fans-now-hes-overseeing-something-special-spurs |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> Duk da jerin manajoji da 'yan wasa kamar Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann da David Ginola, na dogon lokaci a Premier League har zuwa ƙarshen 2000s, Spurs sun gama tsakiyar tebur mafi yawan lokutan tare da 'yan ganima da aka samu. Sun lashe Kofin League a 1999 a karkashin George Graham, kuma a 2008 a karkashin Juande Ramos . Ayyukan sun inganta a karkashin Harry Redknapp tare da 'yan wasa kamar Gareth Bale da [[Luka Modrić]], kuma kulob din ya gama a saman biyar a farkon shekarun 2010. [[Fayil:Manchester_United_v_Tottenham_Hotspur,_December_2016_(08).JPG|thumb|'Yan wasan Spurs na kakar 2016-17, ciki har da Harry Kane, [[Dele Alli]], Son Heung-min, Christian Eriksen, Victor Wanyama, da Jan Vertonghen]] Bayan Redknapp ya tafi, an nada Mauricio Pochettino a matsayin kocin, wanda ke cikin rawar tsakanin 2014 da 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Mauricio Pochettino: Tottenham appoint Southampton boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27579306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27579306 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karkashin Pochettino, tare da sabbin taurari kamar Harry Kane wanda ya kammala karatun jami'a da kuma Son Heung-min na Koriya, Tottenham sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kungiyoyi masu tasowa da aka sani da Big Six. {{Sfn|Donovan|2017}} Spurs sun kammala na biyu a kakar 2016-17, mafi girman wasan da suka yi tun daga kakar 1962-63, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2019, na farko na kulob din, inda suka rasa [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] 2-0 . An buga wasannin gida na kulob din a cikin 'yan lokutan da suka gabata na mulkin Pochettino a Filin wasa na Wembley yayin da aka gina sabon Filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur. == Filin wasa == === Dalilai na farko === Spurs sun buga wasanninsu na farko a filin jama'a a Park Lane ƙarshen Tottenham Marshes, inda dole ne su yi alama kuma su shirya nasu filin wasa.{{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} Lokaci-lokaci yaƙe-yaƙe sun ɓarke a kan marshes a cikin rikice-rikice tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="historickits">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kits&nbsp;– Tottenham Hotspur |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075333/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Tottenham_Hotspur/Tottenham_Hotspur.htm |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2013 |website=historicalkits.co.uk |publisher=Historic Football Kits}}</ref> Wasan farko na Spurs da 'yan jarida na gida suka ruwaito ya faru ne a Tottenham Marshes a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1883 a kan Brownlow Rovers, wanda Spurs ya ci 9-0 .{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A wannan filin ne, a cikin 1887, Spurs ta fara buga wa tawagar da daga baya za ta zama abokan hamayyar su, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (wanda aka sani da Royal Arsenal), wanda ke jagorantar 2-1 har sai an dakatar da wasan saboda rashin haske bayan tawagar ta zo da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Logan |title=A Month in the Illustrious History of Spurs: November |url=http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190211/http://www.topspurs.com/thfc-november.htm |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=topspurs.com}}</ref> Yayinda suke wasa a filin shakatawa na jama'a, kulob din ba zai iya cajin kuɗin shiga ba kuma, yayin da yawan masu kallo ya karu zuwa 'yan dubban, ba ya samar da karɓar ƙofar. Acikin shekara ta 1888, kulob din ya yi hayar filin wasa tsakanin lambobin 69 da 75 Northumberland Park <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Tottenham hotspur FC |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013843/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-club/history/white-hart-lane/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> a farashin £ 17 a kowace shekara, inda ake cajin masu kallo 3d a wasa, wanda aka ɗaga zuwa 6d don alaƙar kofin. {{Sfn|Cloake|Fisher|2016}} An buga wasan farko a filin wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1888, wasan ajiya wanda ya ba da karɓar ƙofar shillings 17. Gidan farko tare da sama da kujeru 100 da ɗakunan canzawa a ƙasa an gina shi a kakar 1894-95 a farashin £ 60. Koyaya, an hura tsaye bayan 'yan makonni kuma dole ne a gyara shi.{{Sfn|The Tottenham & Edmonton Herald|1921}} A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1898, magoya baya 14,000 sun zo kallon Spurs suna wasa da Woolwich Arsenal. Masu kallo sun hau kan rufin wurin shakatawa don ganin wasan da ya fi dacewa. Tsayawa ya rushe, ya haifar da wasu raunuka. Kamar yadda Northumberland Park ba zai iya jimrewa da manyan jama'a ba, Spurs ya nemi ƙasa mafi girma kuma ya koma shafin White Hart Lane acikin shekara ta 1899. === White Hart Lane === [[File:First_match_at_White_Hart_Lane_-_Spurs_vs_Notts_County_1899_-_first_half.jpg|thumb|Wasan farko a White Hart Lane, Spurs vs Notts County don buɗewa a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1899]] An gina filin White Hart Lane a kan [[Fee simple|'yanci]] shuka da ba a yi amfani da shi ba mallakar [[Charrington Brewery]] kuma yana bayan [[pub|Gidan jama'a]] mai suna White Hart a kan Tottenham High Road (hanyar White Hart Lane da gaske tana da 'yan daruruwan yadudduka a arewacin babban ƙofar). Da farko an ba da hayar filin daga Charringtons, kuma an tura wuraren da suka yi amfani da su a Northumberland Park a nan, suna ba da mafaka ga masu kallo 2,500.<ref name="stadium history2">{{Cite web |title=History of White Hart Lane |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202050413/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/the-stadium/history/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Official Website}}</ref> Notts County sun kasance baƙi na farko zuwa 'Lane' a cikin abokantaka da mutane 5,000 ke kallo kuma suna ba da £ 115 a cikin rasit; Spurs sun ci 4-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2004 |title=Spurs v Notts County 1899 |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630055739/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/spurs-v-notts-county-1899-030804/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 June 2018 |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur Football Club}}</ref> [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] sun zama baƙi na farko da suka yi gasa a ƙasa kuma mutane 11,000 sun ga sun rasa 1-0 ga Tottenham. A cikin shekara ta 1905, Tottenham ta tara isasshen kuɗi don sayen mallakar ƙasar, da kuma ƙasa a arewacin (Paxton Road). <ref name="stadium history2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} pxkugkzpqs15h80pjtm7loa86t2or8s 0 121240 892914 869012 2026-08-08T10:38:57Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892914 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%" |Muhammadu Bukhariمحمد البخاري<br />'''Mai bautar gumaka''' |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;" |Sarkin [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sarauta | class="infobox-data" |1812–1840 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wanda ya riga ya kasance | class="infobox-data" |''Matsayi da aka kafa'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wanda ya maye gurbinsa | class="infobox-data" |[[Umar bin Muhammad Bukhari|Umar]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;" |<div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An haife shi | class="infobox-data" |12 Nuwamba 1784<span class="birthplace">[[Degel]], [[Gobir]] (a zamanin yau [[Sokoto State|Jihar Sokoto]]) </span> <br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ya mutu | class="infobox-data" |27 Fabrairu 1840 <span style="display:none">(1840-02-27)</span> (shekaru 55) &nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Issue (genealogy)|Sakamakon]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Umar, Sarkin Tambawel Barau, Sarkin Yamma Ali, Sarkin Kudu Aisha Modibbo, Sarkin ** Barau, Sarkin Yamma ** Ali, Sarkin Kudu ** Aisha ** Modibbo, Sarkin Tambawel </div>''Daga cikin wasu'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Uba | class="infobox-data" |[[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aiki | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * mawaki </div> |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Dangi | class="infobox-data" |[[Muhammad Bukhari bin Ahmad]] (ɗan jikan) |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;" |Ayyukan soja |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em" |Aminci | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[Fayil:Flag_of_the_Sokoto_Caliphate.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Daular Sokoto|Halifa ta Sokoto]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Rikici</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Tree list/styles.css" /><div class="treelist"> * [[Jihadin Danfodio|Jihad na Sokoto]] (1804-1808) ** Yaƙin Birnin-Kebbi (1805) * Zaman lafiya na Gwandu ** Yaƙin Ilorin (1836) ** [[Tashin hankali na Abd al-Salam]] (1817- 1818) ** Yaƙin Kalambaina (1820) </div> |} '''Muhammad Bukhari bin al-Shaikh Uthman''' (Arabic: محمد البخاري ابن عثمان ابن فودي, romanized: Muḥammad al-Bukhārī bin ʿUthmān bin Fūdī; 1785–1840) was an Islamic scholar and a noted poet who was the first Emir of [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]]. Bukhari was an important military commander who participated in and led several military campaigns during the [[Jihadin Danfodio|jihad of Usman dan Fodio]]. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Muhammad Bukhari a [[Degel]], wani karamin gari a [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautar Hausa]] ta [[Gobir]] . Mahaifinsa [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] sanannen masanin addinin Musulunci ne kuma mai wa'azi daga dangin [[Fulani]] na [[Torodbe]] . Mahaifiyarsa Aisha ta fito ne daga dangin da ke da dogon al'adar ilimi.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}</ref> Bukhari ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin mahaifinsa, da kawunsa, [[Abdullahi dan Fodio|Abdullahi]] . Saboda ya girma a gidan Abdullahi, Bukhari ya ba da yawancin rayuwarsa ga kawunsa. Daga cikin sauran malamansa akwai al-Mustafa bin Muhammad al-Turudi, marubuci ga Usman, kuma mahaifin masanin Sokoto [[Abd al-Qadir dan Tafa]]. : 169 : 169  == Rayuwa == Bukhari na ɗaya daga cikin kwamandoji takwas na [[Jihadin Danfodio|Jihad na Sokoto]] . Ya kuma shiga cikin kamfen a yankin kudancin Khalifancin Sokoto, gami da [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]], tare da dan uwansa [[Muhammad Wani]], ɗan Abdullahi. : 52 Ya kuma shiga cikin kamfen ɗin [[Gwandu]], da nufin kawo zaman lafiya a yankin. A cikin 1805, Bukhari ya shiga cikin sojojin Abdullahi a yakin da aka yi da mulkin Hausa na [[Masarautar Kebbi|Kebbi]] . Bayan faduwar [[Birnin Kebbi|Birnin-Kebbi]], Sarkin Kebbi, Muhammadu Hodi, ya tsere daga babban birnin. Daga baya, a cikin 1816, Hodi ya kafa tsayayya mai tsanani a kan Khalifanci daga sansanoninsa a Kimba, [[Augie|Augi]], da [[Argungu]], wanda ya ƙare a cikin 1826 lokacin da Bukhari ya kashe shi. : 248-249 Ya kuma yi kamfen a Talata Mafara, [[Jihad of Usman dan Fodio in Katsina|Katsina]], Yauri da Kotonkoro . <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}</ref> Bayan da aka ci jihadi a 1808, Usman dan Fodio ya nada ɗan'uwansa Abdullahi ya mallaki yankunan yamma da kudancin Khalifanci. Abdullahi ya ba Bukhari aikin kula da yankunan kudancin masarautarsa. A wannan lokacin, Bukhari ya kafa yankin [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]] wanda ya girma ya zama babban ''Ribat'' (garkuwa da iyaka) a yankunan kudancin Khalifanci, na biyu kawai ga Gwandu. Koyaya, muhimmancin yankin ya ragu a lokacin mulkin Khalifa [[Abubakar Atiku|Abu Bakr Atiku]] (1837-1842). : 79 Farawa a 1812, an kuma ba Bukhari aikin gudanar da [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] bayan Abdullahi ya yi ritaya daga harkokin gwamnati. A watan Janairun 1818, wani mummunan tawaye ya tashi a Kalambaina, wani gari kusa da Gwandu. 'Yan tawayen sun kasance mabiyan [[Tashin hankali na Abd al-Salam|Abd al-Salam]], wanda shi ma ya yi tawaye da Khalifanci wata daya da ta gabata. Tashin hankali na Kalambaina ya dauki shekaru biyu har sai hadin gwiwar da Khalifa [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammad Bello]], Atiku, Bukhari, da Wani suka samu nasarar kama garin. Nasarar da aka samu a Kalambaina ta sake haɗuwa da Gwandu da Sokoto, waɗanda suka fuskanci ɗan rikici bayan an wuce Abdullahi don goyon bayan Bello don ya gaji Usman a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi a cikin 1817. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAsma'u1997">[[Nana Asma'u|Asma'u, Nana]] (1997). Boyd, Jean; Mack, Beverly B. (eds.). [[iarchive:collected-works-of-nana-asmau-daughter-of-usman-dan-fodiyo-1793|''Collected Works Of Nana Asmau Daughter Of Usman Dan Fodiyo 1793'']]. Michigan State University Press. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">120–</span>121, 224.</cite></ref> : 70 : 70  A cikin 1836, [[Masarautar Ilorin]] ta fuskanci hari daga hadin gwiwar [[Masarautar Oyo|Oyo]] da [[Masarautar Borgu|Borgu]]. Bukhari, tare da dan uwansa Muhammad Sambo, ya jagoranci rundunar da ta kunshi dakarun daga Sokoto da Gwandu don taimakawa wajen kare Ilorin. Kodayake sojojin Oyo-Borgu da farko sun tura sojojin Bukhari zuwa Ilorin, halin da suke ciki ya rushe bayan an kashe Sarkin Borgu, tare da wasu muhimman mutanen Oyo da Borgu, a yaƙi, wanda ya ba sojojin Sokoto-Gwandu damar samun nasarar kare birnin. :: 401  <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi Duro |date=1992 |title=The Oyo-Borgu Military Alliance of 1835: A Case Study in the Pre-Colonial Military History |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24520426 |journal=Transafrican Journal of History |volume=21 |pages=159–170 |issn=0251-0391 |jstor=24520426}}</ref> Rikicin ya kuma haifar da mutuwar Alaafin na karshe na Oyo, wanda ya haifar da faduwar daular [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]]. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reichmuth |first=Stefan |date=1993 |title=Imam Umaru's Account of the Origins of the Ilọrin Emirate: A Manuscript in the Heinz Sölken Collection, Frankfurt |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25653228 |journal=Sudanic Africa |volume=4 |pages=155–173 |issn=0803-0685 |jstor=25653228}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar Bello a 1837, babu wani magaji mai kyau yayin da ya ki ya ambaci daya. Bukhari da babban ɗan'uwansa Abu Bakr Atiku sune manyan 'yan takara. Bayan tattaunawa mai yawa, Majalisar Zabe ta zabi Atiku a matsayin sabon Khalifa. : 81 :: 146  Duk da tarihin soja na Bukhari (musamman nasarorin da ya samu a Ilorin a shekarar da ta gabata), da kuma sunansa a matsayin mawaki, an wuce shi. Wasu sun ba da shawarar cewa wannan ya faru ne saboda waƙoƙin ''ghazal'', yayin da wasu suka yi imanin cewa saboda ya ji rauni a kafa bayan ya fadi daga doki, ya karye kafafunsa a mawuyacin lokaci, ya sa ya kasa zama mai cancanta ga ofis. Bukhari ya mutu a shekara ta 1840. 'Yar'uwarsa [[Nana Asma'u]] ta rubuta masa waƙar yabo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAsma'u1997">[[Nana Asma'u|Asma'u, Nana]] (1997). Boyd, Jean; Mack, Beverly B. (eds.). [[iarchive:collected-works-of-nana-asmau-daughter-of-usman-dan-fodiyo-1793|''Collected Works Of Nana Asmau Daughter Of Usman Dan Fodiyo 1793'']]. Michigan State University Press. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">120–</span>121, 224.</cite></ref> Ɗansa Umar ne ya gaje shi a matsayin Sarkin Tambawel . Dan 'yarsa [[Muhammad Bukhari bin Ahmad|Muhammad Bukhari]] (mai suna bayan shi) ya zama [[Babban Wazirin Sokoto|Waziri na Sokoto]] (1886-1910). <ref name=":0" /> Daga cikin sauran zuriyarsa akwai [[Ibrahim Dasuki]], wanda ya kasance Sultan na Sokoto daga 1988 zuwa 1996. <ref name=":0" /> == Rubuce-rubuce == Bukhari sanannen malami ne kuma mawaki wanda ya rubuta a cikin Larabci na gargajiya. A yau, ashirin daga cikin <nowiki><i id="mwnw">qasa'id</i></nowiki> dinsa sun tsira kuma an kiyaye su a Najeriya. : 99 An kuma san shi da waƙoƙin ''ghazal'' masu rikitarwa. <ref name=":1" /> : 364 : 364  == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> iqgs8yq4eskvre4v8yo33xlvsrir42c 892915 892914 2026-08-08T10:39:06Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892915 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%" |Muhammadu Bukhariمحمد البخاري<br />'''Mai bautar gumaka''' |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;" |Sarkin [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sarauta | class="infobox-data" |1812–1840 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wanda ya riga ya kasance | class="infobox-data" |''Matsayi da aka kafa'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wanda ya maye gurbinsa | class="infobox-data" |[[Umar bin Muhammad Bukhari|Umar]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;" |<div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An haife shi | class="infobox-data" |12 Nuwamba 1784<span class="birthplace">[[Degel]], [[Gobir]] (a zamanin yau [[Sokoto State|Jihar Sokoto]]) </span> <br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ya mutu | class="infobox-data" |27 Fabrairu 1840 <span style="display:none">(1840-02-27)</span> (shekaru 55) &nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Issue (genealogy)|Sakamakon]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Umar, Sarkin Tambawel Barau, Sarkin Yamma Ali, Sarkin Kudu Aisha Modibbo, Sarkin ** Barau, Sarkin Yamma ** Ali, Sarkin Kudu ** Aisha ** Modibbo, Sarkin Tambawel </div>''Daga cikin wasu'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Uba | class="infobox-data" |[[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aiki | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * mawaki </div> |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Dangi | class="infobox-data" |[[Muhammad Bukhari bin Ahmad]] (ɗan jikan) |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;" |Ayyukan soja |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em" |Aminci | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[Fayil:Flag_of_the_Sokoto_Caliphate.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Daular Sokoto|Halifa ta Sokoto]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Rikici</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Tree list/styles.css" /><div class="treelist"> * [[Jihadin Danfodio|Jihad na Sokoto]] (1804-1808) ** Yaƙin Birnin-Kebbi (1805) * Zaman lafiya na Gwandu ** Yaƙin Ilorin (1836) ** [[Tashin hankali na Abd al-Salam]] (1817- 1818) ** Yaƙin Kalambaina (1820) </div> |} '''Muhammad Bukhari bin al-Shaikh Uthman''' (Arabic: محمد البخاري ابن عثمان ابن فودي, romanized: Muḥammad al-Bukhārī bin ʿUthmān bin Fūdī; 1785–1840) was an Islamic scholar and a noted poet who was the first Emir of [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]]. Bukhari was an important military commander who participated in and led several military campaigns during the [[Jihadin Danfodio|jihad of Usman dan Fodio]]. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Muhammad Bukhari a [[Degel]], wani karamin gari a [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautar Hausa]] ta [[Gobir]] . Mahaifinsa [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] sanannen masanin addinin Musulunci ne kuma mai wa'azi daga dangin [[Fulani]] na [[Torodbe]] . Mahaifiyarsa Aisha ta fito ne daga dangin da ke da dogon al'adar ilimi.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}</ref> Bukhari ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin mahaifinsa, da kawunsa, [[Abdullahi dan Fodio|Abdullahi]] . Saboda ya girma a gidan Abdullahi, Bukhari ya ba da yawancin rayuwarsa ga kawunsa. Daga cikin sauran malamansa akwai al-Mustafa bin Muhammad al-Turudi, marubuci ga Usman, kuma mahaifin masanin Sokoto [[Abd al-Qadir dan Tafa]]. : 169 : 169  == Rayuwa == Bukhari na ɗaya daga cikin kwamandoji takwas na [[Jihadin Danfodio|Jihad na Sokoto]] . Ya kuma shiga cikin kamfen a yankin kudancin Khalifancin Sokoto, gami da [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]], tare da dan uwansa [[Muhammad Wani]], ɗan Abdullahi. : 52 Ya kuma shiga cikin kamfen ɗin [[Gwandu]], da nufin kawo zaman lafiya a yankin. A cikin shekarar 1805, Bukhari ya shiga cikin sojojin Abdullahi a yakin da aka yi da mulkin Hausa na [[Masarautar Kebbi|Kebbi]] . Bayan faduwar [[Birnin Kebbi|Birnin-Kebbi]], Sarkin Kebbi, Muhammadu Hodi, ya tsere daga babban birnin. Daga baya, a cikin 1816, Hodi ya kafa tsayayya mai tsanani a kan Khalifanci daga sansanoninsa a Kimba, [[Augie|Augi]], da [[Argungu]], wanda ya ƙare a cikin 1826 lokacin da Bukhari ya kashe shi. : 248-249 Ya kuma yi kamfen a Talata Mafara, [[Jihad of Usman dan Fodio in Katsina|Katsina]], Yauri da Kotonkoro . <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}</ref> Bayan da aka ci jihadi a 1808, Usman dan Fodio ya nada ɗan'uwansa Abdullahi ya mallaki yankunan yamma da kudancin Khalifanci. Abdullahi ya ba Bukhari aikin kula da yankunan kudancin masarautarsa. A wannan lokacin, Bukhari ya kafa yankin [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]] wanda ya girma ya zama babban ''Ribat'' (garkuwa da iyaka) a yankunan kudancin Khalifanci, na biyu kawai ga Gwandu. Koyaya, muhimmancin yankin ya ragu a lokacin mulkin Khalifa [[Abubakar Atiku|Abu Bakr Atiku]] (1837-1842). : 79 Farawa a 1812, an kuma ba Bukhari aikin gudanar da [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] bayan Abdullahi ya yi ritaya daga harkokin gwamnati. A watan Janairun 1818, wani mummunan tawaye ya tashi a Kalambaina, wani gari kusa da Gwandu. 'Yan tawayen sun kasance mabiyan [[Tashin hankali na Abd al-Salam|Abd al-Salam]], wanda shi ma ya yi tawaye da Khalifanci wata daya da ta gabata. Tashin hankali na Kalambaina ya dauki shekaru biyu har sai hadin gwiwar da Khalifa [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammad Bello]], Atiku, Bukhari, da Wani suka samu nasarar kama garin. Nasarar da aka samu a Kalambaina ta sake haɗuwa da Gwandu da Sokoto, waɗanda suka fuskanci ɗan rikici bayan an wuce Abdullahi don goyon bayan Bello don ya gaji Usman a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi a cikin 1817. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAsma'u1997">[[Nana Asma'u|Asma'u, Nana]] (1997). Boyd, Jean; Mack, Beverly B. (eds.). [[iarchive:collected-works-of-nana-asmau-daughter-of-usman-dan-fodiyo-1793|''Collected Works Of Nana Asmau Daughter Of Usman Dan Fodiyo 1793'']]. Michigan State University Press. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">120–</span>121, 224.</cite></ref> : 70 : 70  A cikin 1836, [[Masarautar Ilorin]] ta fuskanci hari daga hadin gwiwar [[Masarautar Oyo|Oyo]] da [[Masarautar Borgu|Borgu]]. Bukhari, tare da dan uwansa Muhammad Sambo, ya jagoranci rundunar da ta kunshi dakarun daga Sokoto da Gwandu don taimakawa wajen kare Ilorin. Kodayake sojojin Oyo-Borgu da farko sun tura sojojin Bukhari zuwa Ilorin, halin da suke ciki ya rushe bayan an kashe Sarkin Borgu, tare da wasu muhimman mutanen Oyo da Borgu, a yaƙi, wanda ya ba sojojin Sokoto-Gwandu damar samun nasarar kare birnin. :: 401  <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi Duro |date=1992 |title=The Oyo-Borgu Military Alliance of 1835: A Case Study in the Pre-Colonial Military History |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24520426 |journal=Transafrican Journal of History |volume=21 |pages=159–170 |issn=0251-0391 |jstor=24520426}}</ref> Rikicin ya kuma haifar da mutuwar Alaafin na karshe na Oyo, wanda ya haifar da faduwar daular [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]]. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reichmuth |first=Stefan |date=1993 |title=Imam Umaru's Account of the Origins of the Ilọrin Emirate: A Manuscript in the Heinz Sölken Collection, Frankfurt |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25653228 |journal=Sudanic Africa |volume=4 |pages=155–173 |issn=0803-0685 |jstor=25653228}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar Bello a 1837, babu wani magaji mai kyau yayin da ya ki ya ambaci daya. Bukhari da babban ɗan'uwansa Abu Bakr Atiku sune manyan 'yan takara. Bayan tattaunawa mai yawa, Majalisar Zabe ta zabi Atiku a matsayin sabon Khalifa. : 81 :: 146  Duk da tarihin soja na Bukhari (musamman nasarorin da ya samu a Ilorin a shekarar da ta gabata), da kuma sunansa a matsayin mawaki, an wuce shi. Wasu sun ba da shawarar cewa wannan ya faru ne saboda waƙoƙin ''ghazal'', yayin da wasu suka yi imanin cewa saboda ya ji rauni a kafa bayan ya fadi daga doki, ya karye kafafunsa a mawuyacin lokaci, ya sa ya kasa zama mai cancanta ga ofis. Bukhari ya mutu a shekara ta 1840. 'Yar'uwarsa [[Nana Asma'u]] ta rubuta masa waƙar yabo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAsma'u1997">[[Nana Asma'u|Asma'u, Nana]] (1997). Boyd, Jean; Mack, Beverly B. (eds.). [[iarchive:collected-works-of-nana-asmau-daughter-of-usman-dan-fodiyo-1793|''Collected Works Of Nana Asmau Daughter Of Usman Dan Fodiyo 1793'']]. Michigan State University Press. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">120–</span>121, 224.</cite></ref> Ɗansa Umar ne ya gaje shi a matsayin Sarkin Tambawel . Dan 'yarsa [[Muhammad Bukhari bin Ahmad|Muhammad Bukhari]] (mai suna bayan shi) ya zama [[Babban Wazirin Sokoto|Waziri na Sokoto]] (1886-1910). <ref name=":0" /> Daga cikin sauran zuriyarsa akwai [[Ibrahim Dasuki]], wanda ya kasance Sultan na Sokoto daga 1988 zuwa 1996. <ref name=":0" /> == Rubuce-rubuce == Bukhari sanannen malami ne kuma mawaki wanda ya rubuta a cikin Larabci na gargajiya. A yau, ashirin daga cikin <nowiki><i id="mwnw">qasa'id</i></nowiki> dinsa sun tsira kuma an kiyaye su a Najeriya. : 99 An kuma san shi da waƙoƙin ''ghazal'' masu rikitarwa. <ref name=":1" /> : 364 : 364  == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> c8q33jn60xsvvxwlqo5kd0rnz65sh49 892916 892915 2026-08-08T10:39:23Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892916 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%" |Muhammadu Bukhariمحمد البخاري<br />'''Mai bautar gumaka''' |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;" |Sarkin [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sarauta | class="infobox-data" |1812–1840 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wanda ya riga ya kasance | class="infobox-data" |''Matsayi da aka kafa'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wanda ya maye gurbinsa | class="infobox-data" |[[Umar bin Muhammad Bukhari|Umar]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;" |<div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An haife shi | class="infobox-data" |12 Nuwamba 1784<span class="birthplace">[[Degel]], [[Gobir]] (a zamanin yau [[Sokoto State|Jihar Sokoto]]) </span> <br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ya mutu | class="infobox-data" |27 Fabrairu 1840 <span style="display:none">(1840-02-27)</span> (shekaru 55) &nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Issue (genealogy)|Sakamakon]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Umar, Sarkin Tambawel Barau, Sarkin Yamma Ali, Sarkin Kudu Aisha Modibbo, Sarkin ** Barau, Sarkin Yamma ** Ali, Sarkin Kudu ** Aisha ** Modibbo, Sarkin Tambawel </div>''Daga cikin wasu'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Uba | class="infobox-data" |[[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aiki | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * mawaki </div> |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Dangi | class="infobox-data" |[[Muhammad Bukhari bin Ahmad]] (ɗan jikan) |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;" |Ayyukan soja |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em" |Aminci | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[Fayil:Flag_of_the_Sokoto_Caliphate.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Daular Sokoto|Halifa ta Sokoto]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Rikici</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Tree list/styles.css" /><div class="treelist"> * [[Jihadin Danfodio|Jihad na Sokoto]] (1804-1808) ** Yaƙin Birnin-Kebbi (1805) * Zaman lafiya na Gwandu ** Yaƙin Ilorin (1836) ** [[Tashin hankali na Abd al-Salam]] (1817- 1818) ** Yaƙin Kalambaina (1820) </div> |} '''Muhammad Bukhari bin al-Shaikh Uthman''' (Arabic: محمد البخاري ابن عثمان ابن فودي, romanized: Muḥammad al-Bukhārī bin ʿUthmān bin Fūdī; 1785–1840) was an Islamic scholar and a noted poet who was the first Emir of [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]]. Bukhari was an important military commander who participated in and led several military campaigns during the [[Jihadin Danfodio|jihad of Usman dan Fodio]]. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Muhammad Bukhari a [[Degel]], wani karamin gari a [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautar Hausa]] ta [[Gobir]] . Mahaifinsa [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] sanannen masanin addinin Musulunci ne kuma mai wa'azi daga dangin [[Fulani]] na [[Torodbe]] . Mahaifiyarsa Aisha ta fito ne daga dangin da ke da dogon al'adar ilimi.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}</ref> Bukhari ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin mahaifinsa, da kawunsa, [[Abdullahi dan Fodio|Abdullahi]] . Saboda ya girma a gidan Abdullahi, Bukhari ya ba da yawancin rayuwarsa ga kawunsa. Daga cikin sauran malamansa akwai al-Mustafa bin Muhammad al-Turudi, marubuci ga Usman, kuma mahaifin masanin Sokoto [[Abd al-Qadir dan Tafa]]. : 169 : 169  == Rayuwa == Bukhari na ɗaya daga cikin kwamandoji takwas na [[Jihadin Danfodio|Jihad na Sokoto]] . Ya kuma shiga cikin kamfen a yankin kudancin Khalifancin Sokoto, gami da [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]], tare da dan uwansa [[Muhammad Wani]], ɗan Abdullahi. : 52 Ya kuma shiga cikin kamfen ɗin [[Gwandu]], da nufin kawo zaman lafiya a yankin. A cikin shekarar 1805, Bukhari ya shiga cikin sojojin Abdullahi a yakin da aka yi da mulkin Hausa na [[Masarautar Kebbi|Kebbi]] . Bayan faduwar [[Birnin Kebbi|Birnin-Kebbi]], Sarkin Kebbi, Muhammadu Hodi, ya tsere daga babban birnin. Daga baya, a cikin 1816, Hodi ya kafa tsayayya mai tsanani a kan Khalifanci daga sansanoninsa a Kimba, [[Augie|Augi]], da [[Argungu]], wanda ya ƙare a cikin 1826 lokacin da Bukhari ya kashe shi. : 248-249 Ya kuma yi kamfen a Talata Mafara, [[Jihad of Usman dan Fodio in Katsina|Katsina]], Yauri da Kotonkoro . <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}</ref> Bayan da aka ci jihadi a shekarar 1808, Usman dan Fodio ya nada ɗan'uwansa Abdullahi ya mallaki yankunan yamma da kudancin Khalifanci. Abdullahi ya ba Bukhari aikin kula da yankunan kudancin masarautarsa. A wannan lokacin, Bukhari ya kafa yankin [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]] wanda ya girma ya zama babban ''Ribat'' (garkuwa da iyaka) a yankunan kudancin Khalifanci, na biyu kawai ga Gwandu. Koyaya, muhimmancin yankin ya ragu a lokacin mulkin Khalifa [[Abubakar Atiku|Abu Bakr Atiku]] (1837-1842). : 79 Farawa a 1812, an kuma ba Bukhari aikin gudanar da [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] bayan Abdullahi ya yi ritaya daga harkokin gwamnati. A watan Janairun 1818, wani mummunan tawaye ya tashi a Kalambaina, wani gari kusa da Gwandu. 'Yan tawayen sun kasance mabiyan [[Tashin hankali na Abd al-Salam|Abd al-Salam]], wanda shi ma ya yi tawaye da Khalifanci wata daya da ta gabata. Tashin hankali na Kalambaina ya dauki shekaru biyu har sai hadin gwiwar da Khalifa [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammad Bello]], Atiku, Bukhari, da Wani suka samu nasarar kama garin. Nasarar da aka samu a Kalambaina ta sake haɗuwa da Gwandu da Sokoto, waɗanda suka fuskanci ɗan rikici bayan an wuce Abdullahi don goyon bayan Bello don ya gaji Usman a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi a cikin 1817. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAsma'u1997">[[Nana Asma'u|Asma'u, Nana]] (1997). Boyd, Jean; Mack, Beverly B. (eds.). [[iarchive:collected-works-of-nana-asmau-daughter-of-usman-dan-fodiyo-1793|''Collected Works Of Nana Asmau Daughter Of Usman Dan Fodiyo 1793'']]. Michigan State University Press. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">120–</span>121, 224.</cite></ref> : 70 : 70  A cikin 1836, [[Masarautar Ilorin]] ta fuskanci hari daga hadin gwiwar [[Masarautar Oyo|Oyo]] da [[Masarautar Borgu|Borgu]]. Bukhari, tare da dan uwansa Muhammad Sambo, ya jagoranci rundunar da ta kunshi dakarun daga Sokoto da Gwandu don taimakawa wajen kare Ilorin. Kodayake sojojin Oyo-Borgu da farko sun tura sojojin Bukhari zuwa Ilorin, halin da suke ciki ya rushe bayan an kashe Sarkin Borgu, tare da wasu muhimman mutanen Oyo da Borgu, a yaƙi, wanda ya ba sojojin Sokoto-Gwandu damar samun nasarar kare birnin. :: 401  <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi Duro |date=1992 |title=The Oyo-Borgu Military Alliance of 1835: A Case Study in the Pre-Colonial Military History |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24520426 |journal=Transafrican Journal of History |volume=21 |pages=159–170 |issn=0251-0391 |jstor=24520426}}</ref> Rikicin ya kuma haifar da mutuwar Alaafin na karshe na Oyo, wanda ya haifar da faduwar daular [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]]. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reichmuth |first=Stefan |date=1993 |title=Imam Umaru's Account of the Origins of the Ilọrin Emirate: A Manuscript in the Heinz Sölken Collection, Frankfurt |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25653228 |journal=Sudanic Africa |volume=4 |pages=155–173 |issn=0803-0685 |jstor=25653228}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar Bello a 1837, babu wani magaji mai kyau yayin da ya ki ya ambaci daya. Bukhari da babban ɗan'uwansa Abu Bakr Atiku sune manyan 'yan takara. Bayan tattaunawa mai yawa, Majalisar Zabe ta zabi Atiku a matsayin sabon Khalifa. : 81 :: 146  Duk da tarihin soja na Bukhari (musamman nasarorin da ya samu a Ilorin a shekarar da ta gabata), da kuma sunansa a matsayin mawaki, an wuce shi. Wasu sun ba da shawarar cewa wannan ya faru ne saboda waƙoƙin ''ghazal'', yayin da wasu suka yi imanin cewa saboda ya ji rauni a kafa bayan ya fadi daga doki, ya karye kafafunsa a mawuyacin lokaci, ya sa ya kasa zama mai cancanta ga ofis. Bukhari ya mutu a shekara ta 1840. 'Yar'uwarsa [[Nana Asma'u]] ta rubuta masa waƙar yabo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAsma'u1997">[[Nana Asma'u|Asma'u, Nana]] (1997). Boyd, Jean; Mack, Beverly B. (eds.). [[iarchive:collected-works-of-nana-asmau-daughter-of-usman-dan-fodiyo-1793|''Collected Works Of Nana Asmau Daughter Of Usman Dan Fodiyo 1793'']]. Michigan State University Press. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">120–</span>121, 224.</cite></ref> Ɗansa Umar ne ya gaje shi a matsayin Sarkin Tambawel . Dan 'yarsa [[Muhammad Bukhari bin Ahmad|Muhammad Bukhari]] (mai suna bayan shi) ya zama [[Babban Wazirin Sokoto|Waziri na Sokoto]] (1886-1910). <ref name=":0" /> Daga cikin sauran zuriyarsa akwai [[Ibrahim Dasuki]], wanda ya kasance Sultan na Sokoto daga 1988 zuwa 1996. <ref name=":0" /> == Rubuce-rubuce == Bukhari sanannen malami ne kuma mawaki wanda ya rubuta a cikin Larabci na gargajiya. A yau, ashirin daga cikin <nowiki><i id="mwnw">qasa'id</i></nowiki> dinsa sun tsira kuma an kiyaye su a Najeriya. : 99 An kuma san shi da waƙoƙin ''ghazal'' masu rikitarwa. <ref name=":1" /> : 364 : 364  == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> m3tzwdbdc3jhhow91tmd927x33a2pey 892917 892916 2026-08-08T10:39:48Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892917 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%" |Muhammadu Bukhariمحمد البخاري<br />'''Mai bautar gumaka''' |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;" |Sarkin [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sarauta | class="infobox-data" |1812–1840 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wanda ya riga ya kasance | class="infobox-data" |''Matsayi da aka kafa'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wanda ya maye gurbinsa | class="infobox-data" |[[Umar bin Muhammad Bukhari|Umar]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;" |<div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An haife shi | class="infobox-data" |12 Nuwamba 1784<span class="birthplace">[[Degel]], [[Gobir]] (a zamanin yau [[Sokoto State|Jihar Sokoto]]) </span> <br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ya mutu | class="infobox-data" |27 Fabrairu 1840 <span style="display:none">(1840-02-27)</span> (shekaru 55) &nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Issue (genealogy)|Sakamakon]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Umar, Sarkin Tambawel Barau, Sarkin Yamma Ali, Sarkin Kudu Aisha Modibbo, Sarkin ** Barau, Sarkin Yamma ** Ali, Sarkin Kudu ** Aisha ** Modibbo, Sarkin Tambawel </div>''Daga cikin wasu'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Uba | class="infobox-data" |[[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aiki | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * mawaki </div> |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Dangi | class="infobox-data" |[[Muhammad Bukhari bin Ahmad]] (ɗan jikan) |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;" |Ayyukan soja |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em" |Aminci | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[Fayil:Flag_of_the_Sokoto_Caliphate.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Daular Sokoto|Halifa ta Sokoto]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Rikici</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Tree list/styles.css" /><div class="treelist"> * [[Jihadin Danfodio|Jihad na Sokoto]] (1804-1808) ** Yaƙin Birnin-Kebbi (1805) * Zaman lafiya na Gwandu ** Yaƙin Ilorin (1836) ** [[Tashin hankali na Abd al-Salam]] (1817- 1818) ** Yaƙin Kalambaina (1820) </div> |} '''Muhammad Bukhari bin al-Shaikh Uthman''' (Arabic: محمد البخاري ابن عثمان ابن فودي, romanized: Muḥammad al-Bukhārī bin ʿUthmān bin Fūdī; 1785–1840) was an Islamic scholar and a noted poet who was the first Emir of [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]]. Bukhari was an important military commander who participated in and led several military campaigns during the [[Jihadin Danfodio|jihad of Usman dan Fodio]]. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Muhammad Bukhari a [[Degel]], wani karamin gari a [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautar Hausa]] ta [[Gobir]] . Mahaifinsa [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] sanannen masanin addinin Musulunci ne kuma mai wa'azi daga dangin [[Fulani]] na [[Torodbe]] . Mahaifiyarsa Aisha ta fito ne daga dangin da ke da dogon al'adar ilimi.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}</ref> Bukhari ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin mahaifinsa, da kawunsa, [[Abdullahi dan Fodio|Abdullahi]] . Saboda ya girma a gidan Abdullahi, Bukhari ya ba da yawancin rayuwarsa ga kawunsa. Daga cikin sauran malamansa akwai al-Mustafa bin Muhammad al-Turudi, marubuci ga Usman, kuma mahaifin masanin Sokoto [[Abd al-Qadir dan Tafa]]. : 169 : 169  == Rayuwa == Bukhari na ɗaya daga cikin kwamandoji takwas na [[Jihadin Danfodio|Jihad na Sokoto]] . Ya kuma shiga cikin kamfen a yankin kudancin Khalifancin Sokoto, gami da [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]], tare da dan uwansa [[Muhammad Wani]], ɗan Abdullahi. : 52 Ya kuma shiga cikin kamfen ɗin [[Gwandu]], da nufin kawo zaman lafiya a yankin. A cikin shekarar 1805, Bukhari ya shiga cikin sojojin Abdullahi a yakin da aka yi da mulkin Hausa na [[Masarautar Kebbi|Kebbi]] . Bayan faduwar [[Birnin Kebbi|Birnin-Kebbi]], Sarkin Kebbi, Muhammadu Hodi, ya tsere daga babban birnin. Daga baya, a cikin 1816, Hodi ya kafa tsayayya mai tsanani a kan Khalifanci daga sansanoninsa a Kimba, [[Augie|Augi]], da [[Argungu]], wanda ya ƙare a cikin 1826 lokacin da Bukhari ya kashe shi. : 248-249 Ya kuma yi kamfen a Talata Mafara, [[Jihad of Usman dan Fodio in Katsina|Katsina]], Yauri da Kotonkoro . <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}</ref> Bayan da aka ci jihadi a shekarar 1808, Usman dan Fodio ya nada ɗan'uwansa Abdullahi ya mallaki yankunan yamma da kudancin Khalifanci. Abdullahi ya ba Bukhari aikin kula da yankunan kudancin masarautarsa. A wannan lokacin, Bukhari ya kafa yankin [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]] wanda ya girma ya zama babban ''Ribat'' (garkuwa da iyaka) a yankunan kudancin Khalifanci, na biyu kawai ga Gwandu. Koyaya, muhimmancin yankin ya ragu a lokacin mulkin Khalifa [[Abubakar Atiku|Abu Bakr Atiku]] (1837-1842). : 79 Farawa a 1812, an kuma ba Bukhari aikin gudanar da [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] bayan Abdullahi ya yi ritaya daga harkokin gwamnati. A watan Janairun shekarar 1818, wani mummunan tawaye ya tashi a Kalambaina, wani gari kusa da Gwandu. Ƴan tawayen sun kasance mabiyan [[Tashin hankali na Abd al-Salam|Abd al-Salam]], wanda shi ma ya yi tawaye da Khalifanci wata daya da ta gabata. Tashin hankali na Kalambaina ya dauki shekaru biyu har sai hadin gwiwar da Khalifa [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammad Bello]], Atiku, Bukhari, da Wani suka samu nasarar kama garin. Nasarar da aka samu a Kalambaina ta sake haɗuwa da Gwandu da Sokoto, waɗanda suka fuskanci ɗan rikici bayan an wuce Abdullahi don goyon bayan Bello don ya gaji Usman a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi a cikin 1817. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAsma'u1997">[[Nana Asma'u|Asma'u, Nana]] (1997). Boyd, Jean; Mack, Beverly B. (eds.). [[iarchive:collected-works-of-nana-asmau-daughter-of-usman-dan-fodiyo-1793|''Collected Works Of Nana Asmau Daughter Of Usman Dan Fodiyo 1793'']]. Michigan State University Press. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">120–</span>121, 224.</cite></ref> : 70 : 70  A cikin 1836, [[Masarautar Ilorin]] ta fuskanci hari daga hadin gwiwar [[Masarautar Oyo|Oyo]] da [[Masarautar Borgu|Borgu]]. Bukhari, tare da dan uwansa Muhammad Sambo, ya jagoranci rundunar da ta kunshi dakarun daga Sokoto da Gwandu don taimakawa wajen kare Ilorin. Kodayake sojojin Oyo-Borgu da farko sun tura sojojin Bukhari zuwa Ilorin, halin da suke ciki ya rushe bayan an kashe Sarkin Borgu, tare da wasu muhimman mutanen Oyo da Borgu, a yaƙi, wanda ya ba sojojin Sokoto-Gwandu damar samun nasarar kare birnin. :: 401  <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi Duro |date=1992 |title=The Oyo-Borgu Military Alliance of 1835: A Case Study in the Pre-Colonial Military History |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24520426 |journal=Transafrican Journal of History |volume=21 |pages=159–170 |issn=0251-0391 |jstor=24520426}}</ref> Rikicin ya kuma haifar da mutuwar Alaafin na karshe na Oyo, wanda ya haifar da faduwar daular [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]]. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reichmuth |first=Stefan |date=1993 |title=Imam Umaru's Account of the Origins of the Ilọrin Emirate: A Manuscript in the Heinz Sölken Collection, Frankfurt |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25653228 |journal=Sudanic Africa |volume=4 |pages=155–173 |issn=0803-0685 |jstor=25653228}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar Bello a 1837, babu wani magaji mai kyau yayin da ya ki ya ambaci daya. Bukhari da babban ɗan'uwansa Abu Bakr Atiku sune manyan 'yan takara. Bayan tattaunawa mai yawa, Majalisar Zabe ta zabi Atiku a matsayin sabon Khalifa. : 81 :: 146  Duk da tarihin soja na Bukhari (musamman nasarorin da ya samu a Ilorin a shekarar da ta gabata), da kuma sunansa a matsayin mawaki, an wuce shi. Wasu sun ba da shawarar cewa wannan ya faru ne saboda waƙoƙin ''ghazal'', yayin da wasu suka yi imanin cewa saboda ya ji rauni a kafa bayan ya fadi daga doki, ya karye kafafunsa a mawuyacin lokaci, ya sa ya kasa zama mai cancanta ga ofis. Bukhari ya mutu a shekara ta 1840. 'Yar'uwarsa [[Nana Asma'u]] ta rubuta masa waƙar yabo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAsma'u1997">[[Nana Asma'u|Asma'u, Nana]] (1997). Boyd, Jean; Mack, Beverly B. (eds.). [[iarchive:collected-works-of-nana-asmau-daughter-of-usman-dan-fodiyo-1793|''Collected Works Of Nana Asmau Daughter Of Usman Dan Fodiyo 1793'']]. Michigan State University Press. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">120–</span>121, 224.</cite></ref> Ɗansa Umar ne ya gaje shi a matsayin Sarkin Tambawel . Dan 'yarsa [[Muhammad Bukhari bin Ahmad|Muhammad Bukhari]] (mai suna bayan shi) ya zama [[Babban Wazirin Sokoto|Waziri na Sokoto]] (1886-1910). <ref name=":0" /> Daga cikin sauran zuriyarsa akwai [[Ibrahim Dasuki]], wanda ya kasance Sultan na Sokoto daga 1988 zuwa 1996. <ref name=":0" /> == Rubuce-rubuce == Bukhari sanannen malami ne kuma mawaki wanda ya rubuta a cikin Larabci na gargajiya. A yau, ashirin daga cikin <nowiki><i id="mwnw">qasa'id</i></nowiki> dinsa sun tsira kuma an kiyaye su a Najeriya. : 99 An kuma san shi da waƙoƙin ''ghazal'' masu rikitarwa. <ref name=":1" /> : 364 : 364  == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> 85kys3f56o8v350o6i5pils91ce81fn 892918 892917 2026-08-08T10:40:00Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892918 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%" |Muhammadu Bukhariمحمد البخاري<br />'''Mai bautar gumaka''' |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;" |Sarkin [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sarauta | class="infobox-data" |1812–1840 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wanda ya riga ya kasance | class="infobox-data" |''Matsayi da aka kafa'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wanda ya maye gurbinsa | class="infobox-data" |[[Umar bin Muhammad Bukhari|Umar]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;" |<div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An haife shi | class="infobox-data" |12 Nuwamba 1784<span class="birthplace">[[Degel]], [[Gobir]] (a zamanin yau [[Sokoto State|Jihar Sokoto]]) </span> <br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ya mutu | class="infobox-data" |27 Fabrairu 1840 <span style="display:none">(1840-02-27)</span> (shekaru 55) &nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Issue (genealogy)|Sakamakon]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Umar, Sarkin Tambawel Barau, Sarkin Yamma Ali, Sarkin Kudu Aisha Modibbo, Sarkin ** Barau, Sarkin Yamma ** Ali, Sarkin Kudu ** Aisha ** Modibbo, Sarkin Tambawel </div>''Daga cikin wasu'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Uba | class="infobox-data" |[[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aiki | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * mawaki </div> |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Dangi | class="infobox-data" |[[Muhammad Bukhari bin Ahmad]] (ɗan jikan) |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;" |Ayyukan soja |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em" |Aminci | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[Fayil:Flag_of_the_Sokoto_Caliphate.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Daular Sokoto|Halifa ta Sokoto]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Rikici</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Tree list/styles.css" /><div class="treelist"> * [[Jihadin Danfodio|Jihad na Sokoto]] (1804-1808) ** Yaƙin Birnin-Kebbi (1805) * Zaman lafiya na Gwandu ** Yaƙin Ilorin (1836) ** [[Tashin hankali na Abd al-Salam]] (1817- 1818) ** Yaƙin Kalambaina (1820) </div> |} '''Muhammad Bukhari bin al-Shaikh Uthman''' (Arabic: محمد البخاري ابن عثمان ابن فودي, romanized: Muḥammad al-Bukhārī bin ʿUthmān bin Fūdī; 1785–1840) was an Islamic scholar and a noted poet who was the first Emir of [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]]. Bukhari was an important military commander who participated in and led several military campaigns during the [[Jihadin Danfodio|jihad of Usman dan Fodio]]. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Muhammad Bukhari a [[Degel]], wani karamin gari a [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautar Hausa]] ta [[Gobir]] . Mahaifinsa [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] sanannen masanin addinin Musulunci ne kuma mai wa'azi daga dangin [[Fulani]] na [[Torodbe]] . Mahaifiyarsa Aisha ta fito ne daga dangin da ke da dogon al'adar ilimi.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}</ref> Bukhari ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin mahaifinsa, da kawunsa, [[Abdullahi dan Fodio|Abdullahi]] . Saboda ya girma a gidan Abdullahi, Bukhari ya ba da yawancin rayuwarsa ga kawunsa. Daga cikin sauran malamansa akwai al-Mustafa bin Muhammad al-Turudi, marubuci ga Usman, kuma mahaifin masanin Sokoto [[Abd al-Qadir dan Tafa]]. : 169 : 169  == Rayuwa == Bukhari na ɗaya daga cikin kwamandoji takwas na [[Jihadin Danfodio|Jihad na Sokoto]] . Ya kuma shiga cikin kamfen a yankin kudancin Khalifancin Sokoto, gami da [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]], tare da dan uwansa [[Muhammad Wani]], ɗan Abdullahi. : 52 Ya kuma shiga cikin kamfen ɗin [[Gwandu]], da nufin kawo zaman lafiya a yankin. A cikin shekarar 1805, Bukhari ya shiga cikin sojojin Abdullahi a yakin da aka yi da mulkin Hausa na [[Masarautar Kebbi|Kebbi]] . Bayan faduwar [[Birnin Kebbi|Birnin-Kebbi]], Sarkin Kebbi, Muhammadu Hodi, ya tsere daga babban birnin. Daga baya, a cikin 1816, Hodi ya kafa tsayayya mai tsanani a kan Khalifanci daga sansanoninsa a Kimba, [[Augie|Augi]], da [[Argungu]], wanda ya ƙare a cikin 1826 lokacin da Bukhari ya kashe shi. : 248-249 Ya kuma yi kamfen a Talata Mafara, [[Jihad of Usman dan Fodio in Katsina|Katsina]], Yauri da Kotonkoro . <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}</ref> Bayan da aka ci jihadi a shekarar 1808, Usman dan Fodio ya nada ɗan'uwansa Abdullahi ya mallaki yankunan yamma da kudancin Khalifanci. Abdullahi ya ba Bukhari aikin kula da yankunan kudancin masarautarsa. A wannan lokacin, Bukhari ya kafa yankin [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]] wanda ya girma ya zama babban ''Ribat'' (garkuwa da iyaka) a yankunan kudancin Khalifanci, na biyu kawai ga Gwandu. Koyaya, muhimmancin yankin ya ragu a lokacin mulkin Khalifa [[Abubakar Atiku|Abu Bakr Atiku]] (1837-1842). : 79 Farawa a 1812, an kuma ba Bukhari aikin gudanar da [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] bayan Abdullahi ya yi ritaya daga harkokin gwamnati. A watan Janairun shekarar 1818, wani mummunan tawaye ya tashi a Kalambaina, wani gari kusa da Gwandu. Ƴan tawayen sun kasance mabiyan [[Tashin hankali na Abd al-Salam|Abd al-Salam]], wanda shi ma ya yi tawaye da Khalifanci wata daya da ta gabata. Tashin hankali na Kalambaina ya dauki shekaru biyu har sai hadin gwiwar da Khalifa [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammad Bello]], Atiku, Bukhari, da Wani suka samu nasarar kama garin. Nasarar da aka samu a Kalambaina ta sake haɗuwa da Gwandu da Sokoto, waɗanda suka fuskanci ɗan rikici bayan an wuce Abdullahi don goyon bayan Bello don ya gaji Usman a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi a cikin 1817. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAsma'u1997">[[Nana Asma'u|Asma'u, Nana]] (1997). Boyd, Jean; Mack, Beverly B. (eds.). [[iarchive:collected-works-of-nana-asmau-daughter-of-usman-dan-fodiyo-1793|''Collected Works Of Nana Asmau Daughter Of Usman Dan Fodiyo 1793'']]. Michigan State University Press. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">120–</span>121, 224.</cite></ref> : 70 : 70  A cikin shekarar 1836, [[Masarautar Ilorin]] ta fuskanci hari daga hadin gwiwar [[Masarautar Oyo|Oyo]] da [[Masarautar Borgu|Borgu]]. Bukhari, tare da dan uwansa Muhammad Sambo, ya jagoranci rundunar da ta kunshi dakarun daga Sokoto da Gwandu don taimakawa wajen kare Ilorin. Kodayake sojojin Oyo-Borgu da farko sun tura sojojin Bukhari zuwa Ilorin, halin da suke ciki ya rushe bayan an kashe Sarkin Borgu, tare da wasu muhimman mutanen Oyo da Borgu, a yaƙi, wanda ya ba sojojin Sokoto-Gwandu damar samun nasarar kare birnin. :: 401  <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi Duro |date=1992 |title=The Oyo-Borgu Military Alliance of 1835: A Case Study in the Pre-Colonial Military History |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24520426 |journal=Transafrican Journal of History |volume=21 |pages=159–170 |issn=0251-0391 |jstor=24520426}}</ref> Rikicin ya kuma haifar da mutuwar Alaafin na karshe na Oyo, wanda ya haifar da faduwar daular [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]]. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reichmuth |first=Stefan |date=1993 |title=Imam Umaru's Account of the Origins of the Ilọrin Emirate: A Manuscript in the Heinz Sölken Collection, Frankfurt |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25653228 |journal=Sudanic Africa |volume=4 |pages=155–173 |issn=0803-0685 |jstor=25653228}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar Bello a 1837, babu wani magaji mai kyau yayin da ya ki ya ambaci daya. Bukhari da babban ɗan'uwansa Abu Bakr Atiku sune manyan 'yan takara. Bayan tattaunawa mai yawa, Majalisar Zabe ta zabi Atiku a matsayin sabon Khalifa. : 81 :: 146  Duk da tarihin soja na Bukhari (musamman nasarorin da ya samu a Ilorin a shekarar da ta gabata), da kuma sunansa a matsayin mawaki, an wuce shi. Wasu sun ba da shawarar cewa wannan ya faru ne saboda waƙoƙin ''ghazal'', yayin da wasu suka yi imanin cewa saboda ya ji rauni a kafa bayan ya fadi daga doki, ya karye kafafunsa a mawuyacin lokaci, ya sa ya kasa zama mai cancanta ga ofis. Bukhari ya mutu a shekara ta 1840. 'Yar'uwarsa [[Nana Asma'u]] ta rubuta masa waƙar yabo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAsma'u1997">[[Nana Asma'u|Asma'u, Nana]] (1997). Boyd, Jean; Mack, Beverly B. (eds.). [[iarchive:collected-works-of-nana-asmau-daughter-of-usman-dan-fodiyo-1793|''Collected Works Of Nana Asmau Daughter Of Usman Dan Fodiyo 1793'']]. Michigan State University Press. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">120–</span>121, 224.</cite></ref> Ɗansa Umar ne ya gaje shi a matsayin Sarkin Tambawel . Dan 'yarsa [[Muhammad Bukhari bin Ahmad|Muhammad Bukhari]] (mai suna bayan shi) ya zama [[Babban Wazirin Sokoto|Waziri na Sokoto]] (1886-1910). <ref name=":0" /> Daga cikin sauran zuriyarsa akwai [[Ibrahim Dasuki]], wanda ya kasance Sultan na Sokoto daga 1988 zuwa 1996. <ref name=":0" /> == Rubuce-rubuce == Bukhari sanannen malami ne kuma mawaki wanda ya rubuta a cikin Larabci na gargajiya. A yau, ashirin daga cikin <nowiki><i id="mwnw">qasa'id</i></nowiki> dinsa sun tsira kuma an kiyaye su a Najeriya. : 99 An kuma san shi da waƙoƙin ''ghazal'' masu rikitarwa. <ref name=":1" /> : 364 : 364  == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> n3p79pkz1lvb0a5ffvjiszjncs7pvly 892919 892918 2026-08-08T10:40:16Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892919 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%" |Muhammadu Bukhariمحمد البخاري<br />'''Mai bautar gumaka''' |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;" |Sarkin [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sarauta | class="infobox-data" |1812–1840 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wanda ya riga ya kasance | class="infobox-data" |''Matsayi da aka kafa'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wanda ya maye gurbinsa | class="infobox-data" |[[Umar bin Muhammad Bukhari|Umar]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;" |<div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An haife shi | class="infobox-data" |12 Nuwamba 1784<span class="birthplace">[[Degel]], [[Gobir]] (a zamanin yau [[Sokoto State|Jihar Sokoto]]) </span> <br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ya mutu | class="infobox-data" |27 Fabrairu 1840 <span style="display:none">(1840-02-27)</span> (shekaru 55) &nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Issue (genealogy)|Sakamakon]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Umar, Sarkin Tambawel Barau, Sarkin Yamma Ali, Sarkin Kudu Aisha Modibbo, Sarkin ** Barau, Sarkin Yamma ** Ali, Sarkin Kudu ** Aisha ** Modibbo, Sarkin Tambawel </div>''Daga cikin wasu'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Uba | class="infobox-data" |[[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aiki | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * mawaki </div> |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Dangi | class="infobox-data" |[[Muhammad Bukhari bin Ahmad]] (ɗan jikan) |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;" |Ayyukan soja |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em" |Aminci | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[Fayil:Flag_of_the_Sokoto_Caliphate.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Daular Sokoto|Halifa ta Sokoto]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Rikici</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Tree list/styles.css" /><div class="treelist"> * [[Jihadin Danfodio|Jihad na Sokoto]] (1804-1808) ** Yaƙin Birnin-Kebbi (1805) * Zaman lafiya na Gwandu ** Yaƙin Ilorin (1836) ** [[Tashin hankali na Abd al-Salam]] (1817- 1818) ** Yaƙin Kalambaina (1820) </div> |} '''Muhammad Bukhari bin al-Shaikh Uthman''' (Arabic: محمد البخاري ابن عثمان ابن فودي, romanized: Muḥammad al-Bukhārī bin ʿUthmān bin Fūdī; 1785–1840) was an Islamic scholar and a noted poet who was the first Emir of [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]]. Bukhari was an important military commander who participated in and led several military campaigns during the [[Jihadin Danfodio|jihad of Usman dan Fodio]]. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Muhammad Bukhari a [[Degel]], wani karamin gari a [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautar Hausa]] ta [[Gobir]] . Mahaifinsa [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] sanannen masanin addinin Musulunci ne kuma mai wa'azi daga dangin [[Fulani]] na [[Torodbe]] . Mahaifiyarsa Aisha ta fito ne daga dangin da ke da dogon al'adar ilimi.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}</ref> Bukhari ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin mahaifinsa, da kawunsa, [[Abdullahi dan Fodio|Abdullahi]] . Saboda ya girma a gidan Abdullahi, Bukhari ya ba da yawancin rayuwarsa ga kawunsa. Daga cikin sauran malamansa akwai al-Mustafa bin Muhammad al-Turudi, marubuci ga Usman, kuma mahaifin masanin Sokoto [[Abd al-Qadir dan Tafa]]. : 169 : 169  == Rayuwa == Bukhari na ɗaya daga cikin kwamandoji takwas na [[Jihadin Danfodio|Jihad na Sokoto]] . Ya kuma shiga cikin kamfen a yankin kudancin Khalifancin Sokoto, gami da [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]], tare da dan uwansa [[Muhammad Wani]], ɗan Abdullahi. : 52 Ya kuma shiga cikin kamfen ɗin [[Gwandu]], da nufin kawo zaman lafiya a yankin. A cikin shekarar 1805, Bukhari ya shiga cikin sojojin Abdullahi a yakin da aka yi da mulkin Hausa na [[Masarautar Kebbi|Kebbi]] . Bayan faduwar [[Birnin Kebbi|Birnin-Kebbi]], Sarkin Kebbi, Muhammadu Hodi, ya tsere daga babban birnin. Daga baya, a cikin 1816, Hodi ya kafa tsayayya mai tsanani a kan Khalifanci daga sansanoninsa a Kimba, [[Augie|Augi]], da [[Argungu]], wanda ya ƙare a cikin 1826 lokacin da Bukhari ya kashe shi. : 248-249 Ya kuma yi kamfen a Talata Mafara, [[Jihad of Usman dan Fodio in Katsina|Katsina]], Yauri da Kotonkoro . <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}</ref> Bayan da aka ci jihadi a shekarar 1808, Usman dan Fodio ya nada ɗan'uwansa Abdullahi ya mallaki yankunan yamma da kudancin Khalifanci. Abdullahi ya ba Bukhari aikin kula da yankunan kudancin masarautarsa. A wannan lokacin, Bukhari ya kafa yankin [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]] wanda ya girma ya zama babban ''Ribat'' (garkuwa da iyaka) a yankunan kudancin Khalifanci, na biyu kawai ga Gwandu. Koyaya, muhimmancin yankin ya ragu a lokacin mulkin Khalifa [[Abubakar Atiku|Abu Bakr Atiku]] (1837-1842). : 79 Farawa a 1812, an kuma ba Bukhari aikin gudanar da [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] bayan Abdullahi ya yi ritaya daga harkokin gwamnati. A watan Janairun shekarar 1818, wani mummunan tawaye ya tashi a Kalambaina, wani gari kusa da Gwandu. Ƴan tawayen sun kasance mabiyan [[Tashin hankali na Abd al-Salam|Abd al-Salam]], wanda shi ma ya yi tawaye da Khalifanci wata daya da ta gabata. Tashin hankali na Kalambaina ya dauki shekaru biyu har sai hadin gwiwar da Khalifa [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammad Bello]], Atiku, Bukhari, da Wani suka samu nasarar kama garin. Nasarar da aka samu a Kalambaina ta sake haɗuwa da Gwandu da Sokoto, waɗanda suka fuskanci ɗan rikici bayan an wuce Abdullahi don goyon bayan Bello don ya gaji Usman a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi a cikin 1817. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAsma'u1997">[[Nana Asma'u|Asma'u, Nana]] (1997). Boyd, Jean; Mack, Beverly B. (eds.). [[iarchive:collected-works-of-nana-asmau-daughter-of-usman-dan-fodiyo-1793|''Collected Works Of Nana Asmau Daughter Of Usman Dan Fodiyo 1793'']]. Michigan State University Press. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">120–</span>121, 224.</cite></ref> : 70 : 70  A cikin shekarar 1836, [[Masarautar Ilorin]] ta fuskanci hari daga hadin gwiwar [[Masarautar Oyo|Oyo]] da [[Masarautar Borgu|Borgu]]. Bukhari, tare da dan uwansa Muhammad Sambo, ya jagoranci rundunar da ta kunshi dakarun daga Sokoto da Gwandu don taimakawa wajen kare Ilorin. Kodayake sojojin Oyo-Borgu da farko sun tura sojojin Bukhari zuwa Ilorin, halin da suke ciki ya rushe bayan an kashe Sarkin Borgu, tare da wasu muhimman mutanen Oyo da Borgu, a yaƙi, wanda ya ba sojojin Sokoto-Gwandu damar samun nasarar kare birnin. :: 401  <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi Duro |date=1992 |title=The Oyo-Borgu Military Alliance of 1835: A Case Study in the Pre-Colonial Military History |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24520426 |journal=Transafrican Journal of History |volume=21 |pages=159–170 |issn=0251-0391 |jstor=24520426}}</ref> Rikicin ya kuma haifar da mutuwar Alaafin na karshe na Oyo, wanda ya haifar da faduwar daular [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]]. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reichmuth |first=Stefan |date=1993 |title=Imam Umaru's Account of the Origins of the Ilọrin Emirate: A Manuscript in the Heinz Sölken Collection, Frankfurt |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25653228 |journal=Sudanic Africa |volume=4 |pages=155–173 |issn=0803-0685 |jstor=25653228}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar Bello a shekarar 1837, babu wani magaji mai kyau yayin da ya ki ya ambaci daya. Bukhari da babban ɗan'uwansa Abu Bakr Atiku sune manyan 'yan takara. Bayan tattaunawa mai yawa, Majalisar Zabe ta zabi Atiku a matsayin sabon Khalifa. : 81 :: 146  Duk da tarihin soja na Bukhari (musamman nasarorin da ya samu a Ilorin a shekarar da ta gabata), da kuma sunansa a matsayin mawaki, an wuce shi. Wasu sun ba da shawarar cewa wannan ya faru ne saboda waƙoƙin ''ghazal'', yayin da wasu suka yi imanin cewa saboda ya ji rauni a kafa bayan ya fadi daga doki, ya karye kafafunsa a mawuyacin lokaci, ya sa ya kasa zama mai cancanta ga ofis. Bukhari ya mutu a shekara ta 1840. 'Yar'uwarsa [[Nana Asma'u]] ta rubuta masa waƙar yabo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAsma'u1997">[[Nana Asma'u|Asma'u, Nana]] (1997). Boyd, Jean; Mack, Beverly B. (eds.). [[iarchive:collected-works-of-nana-asmau-daughter-of-usman-dan-fodiyo-1793|''Collected Works Of Nana Asmau Daughter Of Usman Dan Fodiyo 1793'']]. Michigan State University Press. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">120–</span>121, 224.</cite></ref> Ɗansa Umar ne ya gaje shi a matsayin Sarkin Tambawel . Dan 'yarsa [[Muhammad Bukhari bin Ahmad|Muhammad Bukhari]] (mai suna bayan shi) ya zama [[Babban Wazirin Sokoto|Waziri na Sokoto]] (1886-1910). <ref name=":0" /> Daga cikin sauran zuriyarsa akwai [[Ibrahim Dasuki]], wanda ya kasance Sultan na Sokoto daga 1988 zuwa 1996. <ref name=":0" /> == Rubuce-rubuce == Bukhari sanannen malami ne kuma mawaki wanda ya rubuta a cikin Larabci na gargajiya. A yau, ashirin daga cikin <nowiki><i id="mwnw">qasa'id</i></nowiki> dinsa sun tsira kuma an kiyaye su a Najeriya. : 99 An kuma san shi da waƙoƙin ''ghazal'' masu rikitarwa. <ref name=":1" /> : 364 : 364  == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> 0iixjflisnxzcc5x8w7hjendgbk4y5r 892920 892919 2026-08-08T10:40:30Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892920 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%" |Muhammadu Bukhariمحمد البخاري<br />'''Mai bautar gumaka''' |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;" |Sarkin [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sarauta | class="infobox-data" |1812–1840 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wanda ya riga ya kasance | class="infobox-data" |''Matsayi da aka kafa'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wanda ya maye gurbinsa | class="infobox-data" |[[Umar bin Muhammad Bukhari|Umar]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;" |<div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An haife shi | class="infobox-data" |12 Nuwamba 1784<span class="birthplace">[[Degel]], [[Gobir]] (a zamanin yau [[Sokoto State|Jihar Sokoto]]) </span> <br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ya mutu | class="infobox-data" |27 Fabrairu 1840 <span style="display:none">(1840-02-27)</span> (shekaru 55) &nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Issue (genealogy)|Sakamakon]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Umar, Sarkin Tambawel Barau, Sarkin Yamma Ali, Sarkin Kudu Aisha Modibbo, Sarkin ** Barau, Sarkin Yamma ** Ali, Sarkin Kudu ** Aisha ** Modibbo, Sarkin Tambawel </div>''Daga cikin wasu'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Uba | class="infobox-data" |[[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aiki | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * mawaki </div> |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Dangi | class="infobox-data" |[[Muhammad Bukhari bin Ahmad]] (ɗan jikan) |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;" |Ayyukan soja |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em" |Aminci | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[Fayil:Flag_of_the_Sokoto_Caliphate.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Daular Sokoto|Halifa ta Sokoto]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Rikici</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Tree list/styles.css" /><div class="treelist"> * [[Jihadin Danfodio|Jihad na Sokoto]] (1804-1808) ** Yaƙin Birnin-Kebbi (1805) * Zaman lafiya na Gwandu ** Yaƙin Ilorin (1836) ** [[Tashin hankali na Abd al-Salam]] (1817- 1818) ** Yaƙin Kalambaina (1820) </div> |} '''Muhammad Bukhari bin al-Shaikh Uthman''' (Arabic: محمد البخاري ابن عثمان ابن فودي, romanized: Muḥammad al-Bukhārī bin ʿUthmān bin Fūdī; 1785–1840) was an Islamic scholar and a noted poet who was the first Emir of [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]]. Bukhari was an important military commander who participated in and led several military campaigns during the [[Jihadin Danfodio|jihad of Usman dan Fodio]]. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Muhammad Bukhari a [[Degel]], wani karamin gari a [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautar Hausa]] ta [[Gobir]] . Mahaifinsa [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] sanannen masanin addinin Musulunci ne kuma mai wa'azi daga dangin [[Fulani]] na [[Torodbe]] . Mahaifiyarsa Aisha ta fito ne daga dangin da ke da dogon al'adar ilimi.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}</ref> Bukhari ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin mahaifinsa, da kawunsa, [[Abdullahi dan Fodio|Abdullahi]] . Saboda ya girma a gidan Abdullahi, Bukhari ya ba da yawancin rayuwarsa ga kawunsa. Daga cikin sauran malamansa akwai al-Mustafa bin Muhammad al-Turudi, marubuci ga Usman, kuma mahaifin masanin Sokoto [[Abd al-Qadir dan Tafa]]. : 169 : 169  == Rayuwa == Bukhari na ɗaya daga cikin kwamandoji takwas na [[Jihadin Danfodio|Jihad na Sokoto]] . Ya kuma shiga cikin kamfen a yankin kudancin Khalifancin Sokoto, gami da [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]], tare da dan uwansa [[Muhammad Wani]], ɗan Abdullahi. : 52 Ya kuma shiga cikin kamfen ɗin [[Gwandu]], da nufin kawo zaman lafiya a yankin. A cikin shekarar 1805, Bukhari ya shiga cikin sojojin Abdullahi a yakin da aka yi da mulkin Hausa na [[Masarautar Kebbi|Kebbi]] . Bayan faduwar [[Birnin Kebbi|Birnin-Kebbi]], Sarkin Kebbi, Muhammadu Hodi, ya tsere daga babban birnin. Daga baya, a cikin 1816, Hodi ya kafa tsayayya mai tsanani a kan Khalifanci daga sansanoninsa a Kimba, [[Augie|Augi]], da [[Argungu]], wanda ya ƙare a cikin 1826 lokacin da Bukhari ya kashe shi. : 248-249 Ya kuma yi kamfen a Talata Mafara, [[Jihad of Usman dan Fodio in Katsina|Katsina]], Yauri da Kotonkoro . <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}</ref> Bayan da aka ci jihadi a shekarar 1808, Usman dan Fodio ya nada ɗan'uwansa Abdullahi ya mallaki yankunan yamma da kudancin Khalifanci. Abdullahi ya ba Bukhari aikin kula da yankunan kudancin masarautarsa. A wannan lokacin, Bukhari ya kafa yankin [[Tambuwal|Tambawel]] wanda ya girma ya zama babban ''Ribat'' (garkuwa da iyaka) a yankunan kudancin Khalifanci, na biyu kawai ga Gwandu. Koyaya, muhimmancin yankin ya ragu a lokacin mulkin Khalifa [[Abubakar Atiku|Abu Bakr Atiku]] (1837-1842). : 79 Farawa a 1812, an kuma ba Bukhari aikin gudanar da [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] bayan Abdullahi ya yi ritaya daga harkokin gwamnati. A watan Janairun shekarar 1818, wani mummunan tawaye ya tashi a Kalambaina, wani gari kusa da Gwandu. Ƴan tawayen sun kasance mabiyan [[Tashin hankali na Abd al-Salam|Abd al-Salam]], wanda shi ma ya yi tawaye da Khalifanci wata daya da ta gabata. Tashin hankali na Kalambaina ya dauki shekaru biyu har sai hadin gwiwar da Khalifa [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammad Bello]], Atiku, Bukhari, da Wani suka samu nasarar kama garin. Nasarar da aka samu a Kalambaina ta sake haɗuwa da Gwandu da Sokoto, waɗanda suka fuskanci ɗan rikici bayan an wuce Abdullahi don goyon bayan Bello don ya gaji Usman a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi a cikin 1817. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAsma'u1997">[[Nana Asma'u|Asma'u, Nana]] (1997). Boyd, Jean; Mack, Beverly B. (eds.). [[iarchive:collected-works-of-nana-asmau-daughter-of-usman-dan-fodiyo-1793|''Collected Works Of Nana Asmau Daughter Of Usman Dan Fodiyo 1793'']]. Michigan State University Press. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">120–</span>121, 224.</cite></ref> : 70 : 70  A cikin shekarar 1836, [[Masarautar Ilorin]] ta fuskanci hari daga hadin gwiwar [[Masarautar Oyo|Oyo]] da [[Masarautar Borgu|Borgu]]. Bukhari, tare da dan uwansa Muhammad Sambo, ya jagoranci rundunar da ta kunshi dakarun daga Sokoto da Gwandu don taimakawa wajen kare Ilorin. Kodayake sojojin Oyo-Borgu da farko sun tura sojojin Bukhari zuwa Ilorin, halin da suke ciki ya rushe bayan an kashe Sarkin Borgu, tare da wasu muhimman mutanen Oyo da Borgu, a yaƙi, wanda ya ba sojojin Sokoto-Gwandu damar samun nasarar kare birnin. :: 401  <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi Duro |date=1992 |title=The Oyo-Borgu Military Alliance of 1835: A Case Study in the Pre-Colonial Military History |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24520426 |journal=Transafrican Journal of History |volume=21 |pages=159–170 |issn=0251-0391 |jstor=24520426}}</ref> Rikicin ya kuma haifar da mutuwar Alaafin na karshe na Oyo, wanda ya haifar da faduwar daular [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]]. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reichmuth |first=Stefan |date=1993 |title=Imam Umaru's Account of the Origins of the Ilọrin Emirate: A Manuscript in the Heinz Sölken Collection, Frankfurt |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25653228 |journal=Sudanic Africa |volume=4 |pages=155–173 |issn=0803-0685 |jstor=25653228}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar Bello a shekarar 1837, babu wani magaji mai kyau yayin da ya ki ya ambaci daya. Bukhari da babban ɗan'uwansa Abu Bakr Atiku sune manyan 'yan takara. Bayan tattaunawa mai yawa, Majalisar Zabe ta zabi Atiku a matsayin sabon Khalifa. : 81 :: 146  Duk da tarihin soja na Bukhari (musamman nasarorin da ya samu a Ilorin a shekarar da ta gabata), da kuma sunansa a matsayin mawaki, an wuce shi. Wasu sun ba da shawarar cewa wannan ya faru ne saboda waƙoƙin ''ghazal'', yayin da wasu suka yi imanin cewa saboda ya ji rauni a kafa bayan ya fadi daga doki, ya karye kafafunsa a mawuyacin lokaci, ya sa ya kasa zama mai cancanta ga ofis. Bukhari ya mutu a shekara ta 1840. 'Yar'uwarsa [[Nana Asma'u]] ta rubuta masa waƙar yabo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Nana Asmaʼu}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAsma'u1997">[[Nana Asma'u|Asma'u, Nana]] (1997). Boyd, Jean; Mack, Beverly B. (eds.). [[iarchive:collected-works-of-nana-asmau-daughter-of-usman-dan-fodiyo-1793|''Collected Works Of Nana Asmau Daughter Of Usman Dan Fodiyo 1793'']]. Michigan State University Press. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">120–</span>121, 224.</cite></ref> Ɗansa Umar ne ya gaje shi a matsayin Sarkin Tambawel . Dan 'yarsa [[Muhammad Bukhari bin Ahmad|Muhammad Bukhari]] (mai suna bayan shi) ya zama [[Babban Wazirin Sokoto|Waziri na Sokoto]] (1886-1910). <ref name=":0" /> Daga cikin sauran zuriyarsa akwai [[Ibrahim Dasuki]], wanda ya kasance Sultan na Sokoto daga 1988 zuwa 1996. <ref name=":0" /> == Rubuce-rubuce == Bukhari sanannen malami ne kuma mawaki wanda kuma ya rubuta a cikin Larabci na gargajiya. A yau, ashirin daga cikin <nowiki><i id="mwnw">qasa'id</i></nowiki> dinsa sun tsira kuma an kiyaye su a Najeriya. : 99 An kuma san shi da waƙoƙin ''ghazal'' masu rikitarwa. <ref name=":1" /> : 364 : 364  == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> ciz6qusqgl7tu8ov25amu2f76n0fd81 0 121597 892758 840088 2026-08-08T06:00:44Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 892758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Gorse_on_farmland,_Wellington,_NZ.jpg|thumb|Gorse da ke rufe tudun da aka share a baya daga gandun daji na asali don noma, Wellington, NZ]] An gabatar da Gorse (Ulex europaeus) zuwa New Zealand a farkon matakan zama na Turai. Yanzu ya zama babban nau'in tsiro mai mamayewa tare da kashe miliyoyin daloli akan sarrafa shi. == Gabatarwa ga New Zealand == An gabatar da shi daga Yammacin Turai a farkon matakan zama na Turai, Charles Darwin ne ya rubuta shi yayin tafiya ta cikin ruwan New Zealand a 1835 yayin da yake girma a cikin shinge a cikin Bay of Islands. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Plants and their Story: Proceedings of a conference held in Wellington, Kevin Worsley, 1-3 October 1999, ISBN 0-9597756-3-3 |url=http://www.rnzih.org.nz/pages/1999ConferenceKevinWorsley.htm}}</ref> Yaduwarta da ci gabanta a matsayin sako a cikin yanayin yanayi na New Zealand yana da sauri, amma mazauna sun kasa gane barazanar; An ci gaba da shigo da iri na goro kuma da gangan aka kafa [[shuka]] a cikin 1900s. == Amfani da shi == An yi amfani da Gorse don shinge da iska a kan Filayen Canterbury tun daga shekarun 1850. Wadannan iska suna da jimlar tsawon kilomita 300,000.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Price |first=Larry W. |date=23 Feb 2005 |title=Hedges and Shelterbelts on the Canterbury Plains, New Zealand: Transformation of an Antipodean landscape |journal=Annals of the Association of American Geographers |volume=83 |issue=1 |pages=119–140 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-8306.1993.tb01925.x}}</ref> [[Fayil:Gorse_at_Hinewai_Reserve.JPG|right|thumb|Yankin gorse da ke kewaye da sake farfado da daji a Hinewai Reserve a Banks Peninsula.]] An gano Gassan don samar da gandun daji mai amfani ga yawancin nau'ikan halitta don sabuntawar daji. Lokacin matasa, gorse bushes suna da yawa sosai. Yayin da suke girma, suna zama 'ƙafa', kuma suna ba da kyakkyawan yanayi don 'ya'yan asali su yi girma da girma. Tsire-tsire na cikin gida suna girma ta cikin goro, suna yanke haskensa kuma a ƙarshe ya maye gurbinsa. Wannan dabarar tana aiki cikin nasara kuma cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci a Hinewai Reserve akan Bankunan Bankunan. == Matsalolin == [[Fayil:Gorse_colonising_disturbed_areas_2.jpg|thumb|Misali na gorse kasancewa daya daga cikin tsire-tsire masu sauri don mallaki yankunan da aka damu a cikin gandun daji, Wellington, NZ]] Gabatarwar ta haifar da yaduwar cututtuka a kan daruruwan hekta, wanda ya kai kololuwa a ƙarshen shekarun 1940. An gane shi a matsayin barazana tun farkon 1861 tare da Majalisar Lardin a Nelson ta zartar da wani aiki don hana dasa shuke-shuke na gorse. Iri na iya kwance a ƙasa har zuwa shekaru 50, yana tsiro da sauri bayan an cire manya. Abin takaici, yawancin hanyoyin cire tsire-tsire masu tsayi, kamar ƙonewa ko bulldozing su, suna haifar da yanayi mai kyau ga tsaba na gorse don tsirowa kuma kawar da duka tare da fasahar yanzu ba zai yiwu ba. Gorse yanzu yana daya daga cikin sanannun ciyawa a New Zealand. Ya mamaye hekta 700,000 (1,700,000 acres) a wurare daban-daban - jimlar 5% na yankin ƙasar New Zealand lokacin da ba a haɗa da gandun daji na asali, yankunan sub-alpine da alpine ba.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Blaschke |first=P. M. |last2=G.G. Hunter |last3=G.O. Eyles |last4=P.R. van Berkel |date=1981 |title=Analysis of New Zealand's vegetation cover using land resource inventory data |journal=New Zealand Journal of Ecology |volume=4 |pages=1–19}}</ref> Gorse ya zama ciyawa mafi tsada a New Zealand don sarrafawa, kimanin dala miliyan 22 a kowace shekara a farkon shekarun 1980.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biological Control In Protected Natural Areas |url=http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/ir06.pdf |pages=5}}</ref> == Kula da kwayoyin halitta == Yankunan bincike na yanzu sune gudanar da ayyukan sarrafawa, ci gaban maganin rigakafi, da kuma amfani da samfurin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hill |first=R. L. |last2=A. H. Gourlay |last3=S. V. Fowler |date=2000 |title=The Biological Control Program Against Gorse in New Zealand |url=http://www.invasive.org/publications/xsymposium/proceed/13pg909.pdf |journal=Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds |pages=909–917 |access-date=2025-12-01 |archive-date=2025-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250407035519/https://www.invasive.org/publications/xsymposium/proceed/13pg909.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> An bincika Kula da cututtukan halittu na gorse tun daga shekarun 1920.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gourlay |first=Hugh |title=Progress Towards Biological Control of Gorse in New Zealand |url=http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/research/biocons/weeds/gorse/biocontrol_progress.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222014558/http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/research/biocons/weeds/gorse/biocontrol_progress.asp |archive-date=2012-02-22 |access-date=2008-11-10 |publisher=Landcare Research}}</ref> An saki jami'ai daban-daban guda bakwai a New Zealand. Sakamakon an gauraye su, amma gabaɗaya babu mai ciyar da iri ko kwari masu ciyar da [[ganye]] da ke yin isasshen lalacewa don zama mai yiwuwa a matsayin mai kula da kansa.<ref name="doc">{{Cite journal |last=Froude |first=Victoria Ann |year=2002 |title=Biological control options for invasive weeds of New Zealand protected areas |journal=Science for Conservation |location=Wellington, N.Z. |publisher=Dept. of Conservation |volume=199 |isbn=0-478-22266-1}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Aikin noma a New Zealand * Karewa a New Zealand * Magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta a New Zealand == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.rnzih.org.nz/pages/ulexeuropaeus.htm ''Ulex europaeus''] a Cibiyar Kula da Noma ta Royal New Zealand 7eldjv86kmnk7i9kerv4xyoipajgt6w 0 122691 892707 745327 2026-08-08T01:04:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi''' ( Arabic ) (15 ga Afrilu, 1911 - 17 ga Yuni, 1998) [[Ulama'u|malamin addinin Musulunci]] ne, tsohon ministan ayyukan agaji na [[Misra|Masar]] . An kira shi daya daga cikin shahararrun masu wa'azin Musulunci a Masar, kuma "daya daga cikin fitattun alamomin al'adun Masar" a shekarun 1970, 1980 da 1990. == Haihuwa da farkon rayuwa == An haifi Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1911, a ƙauyen Daqadus, Mit Ghamr, Ad Daqahliyah, Masar. A shekarar 1916, yana ɗan shekara biyar, ya shiga makarantar firamare [[Zagazig|ta Zagazig]] . Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 11, ya haddace [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alƙur'ani]] gaba ɗaya. A shekarar 1923, ya sami takardar shaidar firamare, inda ya shiga makarantar sakandare daga baya. A wannan lokacin, sha'awarsa ga waƙa da adabi ta ƙaru kuma aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar ɗalibai a makarantar. Wani sauyi a rayuwarsa, lokacin da mahaifinsa ya aike shi, yana biyan kuɗin rayuwarsa, don ci gaba da karatunsa a Al-Azhar, Al-Kahira. Al-Sha'rawi yana son zama tare da 'yan'uwansa don noma ƙasa. Yana ƙoƙarin guje wa zuwa Alƙahira, sai ya sanya abin da ya zama kamar ba zai yiwu ba. Sharaɗin shine mahaifinsa ya saya masa littattafai da dama da suka shafi gado, harshe da kimiyyar Alƙur'ani. Amma mahaifinsa ya kama wannan dabarar, ya saya masa duk kayan da aka buƙata, yana cewa "Na san ɗana cewa duk waɗannan littattafan ba a rubuta muku su ba, amma na fi son in saya don in ba ku zane-zanen kimiyya." <ref name="ahram.org.eg">{{Cite web |title=الشيخ الشعراوي |url=http://www.ahram.org.eg/MalafatOuter.aspx?typeid=33 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626101243/http://www.ahram.org.eg/MalafatOuter.aspx?typeid=33 |archive-date=2010-06-26 |access-date=2010-08-25}}</ref> <ref name="al-eman.com">{{Cite web |title=Al-Eman-نداء الإيمان |url=http://www.al-eman.com/monwat/Ozamaa/Shaarawy.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222184130/http://al-eman.com/Monwat/Ozamaa/Shaarawy.asp |archive-date=2010-12-22 |access-date=2016-08-23 |website=www.al-eman.com}}</ref> A shekarar 1937, ya shiga Kwalejin Harshen Larabci kuma ya zama mai himma a cikin ƙungiyar ƙasa da kuma ƙungiyar Al-Azhar, inda ya halarci tarurrukan adawa da mulkin mallaka da kuma tarurruka masu alaƙa. Ya kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Harshen Larabci, [[Jami'ar Al-Azhar]] a shekarar 1941. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Muḥammad Mutawallī al-Shaʻrāwī |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4164538 |access-date=2023-01-16 |website=www.wikidata.org |language=en}}</ref> == Sana'a == Bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1941, ya ci gaba da samun takardar shaidar koyarwa a shekarar 1943. Daga baya ya kammala karatunsa daga makarantar addini ta [[Tanta]], kafin ya koma wani a Zagazig sannan kuma a ƙarshe a Alexandria. A shekarar 1950, ya koma [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]] don yin aiki a matsayin farfesa a fannin [[Shari'a|Sharee'ah]] a Jami'ar Ummul-Quraa . A shekarar 1960, Cibiyar Tanta Azhary ta naɗa shi a matsayin darektan Da'awar Musulunci. A shekarar 1961, Ma'aikatar Awqaf ta naɗa shi a matsayin mai duba kimiyya. A shekarar 1963 ya koma Masar ya yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Babban Sheikh na Al-Azhar. <ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |title=الشيخ الشعراوي -تدرجه الوظيفي |url=http://www.ahram.org.eg/269/2010/08/25/225/33/Malafat.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611152548/http://www.ahram.org.eg/269/2010/08/25/225/33/Malafat.aspx |archive-date=2011-06-11 |access-date=2010-08-25}}</ref> Duk da haka, dangantakar diflomasiyya tsakanin Masar da Saudiyya ta tabarbare kuma ya zama ba zai yiwu ya koma Saudiyya ba. Madadin haka, ya ɗauki matsayin manajan ofishin Limamin Al-Azhar, Hasan al-Ma'amoon. A shekarar 1966, ya yi tafiya zuwa Algeria a matsayin shugaban Ofishin Jakadancin Al-Azhar kuma ya zauna na tsawon shekaru bakwai. A lokacin da yake zaune a Algeria, yakin watan Yuni na shekarar 1967 ya faru kuma Masar ta sha kaye mai yawa a hannun [[Isra'ila]] . Al-Sha'rawi ya 'yaba' shan kayen, yana mai cewa "Masar ba ta sami nasara ba yayin da hannun kwaminisanci ke kewaye da su kuma addininsu ya kasance ba shi da gurɓatawa." Daga baya, ya sami damar komawa koyarwa a [[Jami'ar Sarki Abdulaziz|Jami'ar Sarki Abdul Azeez]] da ke [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]] . A shekarar 1970, an naɗa shi farfesa mai ziyara a Kwalejin Shari'a ta Jami'ar Sarki Abdul Abdul Aziz da ke Makka, sannan Shugaban Sashen Nazarin Digiri na Biyu a Sarki Abdul Aziz a shekarar 1972. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1976, Mamdouh Salem, Firayim Minista na wancan lokacin, ya zaɓi membobin majalisar ministocinsa, daga cikinsu akwai al-Sha'rawi, wanda aka naɗa Ministan Wa'azi har zuwa Oktoba 1978. A wannan lokacin, ya fitar da doka wadda ta taimaka wajen kafa bankin Musulunci na farko a Masar a shekarar 1979. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Muḥammad Mutawallī al-Shaʻrāwī |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4164538 |access-date=2023-01-16 |website=www.wikidata.org |language=en}}</ref> Majalisar Jama'a ta amince da bankin, Faisal Islamic Bank, a lokacin. Sannan ya tashi zuwa Saudiyya inda ya koyar a Jami'ar Sarki Abdul Aziz na tsawon shekara ɗaya kacal a shekarar 1981. <ref name="ReferenceA"/> A shekarar 1987, an zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Larabci. An kuma zaɓe shi don zama memba na ƙungiyar Larabci (ƙungiyar da ba ta mutuwa) bayan ya sami rinjayen ƙuri'u. <ref name="ReferenceA"/> Al-Sha'rawi ya kasance mai gabatar da shirin talabijin mai farin jini wanda ke wa'azin Musulunci a ranar Juma'a da rana. Al-Sha'rawi ya shahara sosai wanda hakan ya sa aka ba shi laƙabin "Mai wa'azin ƙarni." <ref name="ahram.org.eg"/> Al-Sha'rawi ya kasance mai hazaka sosai wajen bayyana ma'anonin [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alƙur'ani]] . <ref name="ahram.org.eg" /> Hakikanin baiwarsa ta bayyana ne lokacin da ya bayyana ma'anar da ke bayan ayoyin Alƙur'ani mafi wahala da kalmomi masu sauƙi. <ref name="ahram.org.eg" /> Ya kuma shahara <ref name="ahram.org.eg" /> saboda kasancewa shi kaɗai ba ɗan Saudiyya ba da ya ba da [[Huɗuba|khutbah]], ko jawabin Musulunci a [[Dutsen Arfa|Dutsen Arafat]], <ref name="ahram.org.eg" /> wani dutse mai mahimmanci a lokacin [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]], ko kuma [[wiktionary:pilgrimage|aikin hajji]] na Musulunci zuwa [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]] . Wani abin da ya nuna tasirinsa shi ne yadda majalisar dokokin Masar ta yi ta toshe dokokin da ke ba da damar yin dashen gabobi, bayan da al-Sha'rawi ya fitar da Fatwa yana ayyana irin waɗannan ayyukan a matsayin Haramun (idan an sayar da gabobi ba wai kawai an "ba da gudummawa ba") bisa dalilin cewa "mutane ba su da mallakar jikinsu". Duk da cewa da farko yana da kusanci da wanda ya kafa kungiyar 'Yan'uwa Musulmi, Al-Sha'rawi daga baya ya soki kungiyar saboda gaggawar ayyukansu da kuma amfani da tashin hankali. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Muḥammad Mutawallī al-Shaʻrāwī |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4164538 |access-date=2023-01-16 |website=www.wikidata.org |language=en}}</ref> == Iyali == Al-Sha'rawi ya yi aure yana ƙarami kamar yadda mahaifiyarsa ta so, wadda ita ma ta zaɓe masa mata. Ya bi shawarar mahaifiyarsa kuma ya haifi maza uku da mata biyu. <ref name="ahram.org.eg"/> An sanya wa yaran suna Sami, Abdur Raheem da Ahmad, 'yan matan kuma, Faatimah da Saalihah. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2018)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Mutuwa == A ranar 17 ga Yuni, 1998, al-Sha'rawi ya mutu ba tare da an san cikakken bayani game da mutuwarsa ba. An ruwaito cewa sama da mutane miliyan daya ne suka cika titunan birnin Alkahira suna nuna alhini. == Talabijin == A shekara ta 2002, wani shirin talabijin mai suna Imam of the Missionaries, an shirya shi ta gidan talabijin na Masar kuma an watsa shi a wasu hanyoyin sadarwa daban-daban. Shirin ya tattauna rayuwar al-Sha'rawi dalla-dalla. Shirin ya kasu kashi hudu. Na farko ya mayar da hankali kan ilimin matashin al-Sha'rawi, na biyu, a matsayinsa na matashi, na uku, kan matsayinsa na minista, na ƙarshe kuma ya mayar da hankali kan shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwarsa. [undefined] [1] == Ayyuka == Ayyukan Al-Sha'rawi sun haɗa da: * ''[[Israi da Mi'raji|Isra'i da Mi'raji]]'' * ''Sirrin Da sunan Allah, Mai rahama, Mai jinƙai'' <ref name="damasgate1">{{Cite web |title=اغتنم اكبر مكتبة كتب للشيح محمد متولى الشعراوى – الكتب الاكترونية وجميع برامجها – منتديات داماس |url=https://www.damasgate.com/vb/t73298/ |access-date=2010-06-17 |publisher=Damasgate.com |archive-date=2010-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628222258/http://www.damasgate.com/vb/t73298/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Musulunci da tunanin zamani'' <ref name="damasgate1" /> * ''Musulunci da mata, manhaja da addini'' <ref name="damasgate1" /> * ''Addu'o'i da Rukuni Musulunci'' <ref name="damasgate1" /> * ''Hanya zuwa ga Allah'' <ref name="damasgate1" /> * ''Hukuncin ( Fataawaa )'' <ref name="damasgate1" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Muḥammad Mutawallī al-Shaʻrāwī |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4164538 |access-date=2023-01-16 |website=www.wikidata.org |language=en}}</ref> * ''Tambaya da Amsa Ɗari a Fiqhu na Musulunci'' <ref name="damasgate1" /> * ''Mace kamar yadda Allah Yake so'' <ref name="damasgate1" /> * ''Mu'ujizar Alqur'ani'' <ref name="damasgate1" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Muḥammad Mutawallī al-Shaʻrāwī |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4164538 |access-date=2023-01-16 |website=www.wikidata.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Muḥammad Mutawallī al-Shaʻrāwī |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4164538 |access-date=2023-01-16 |website=www.wikidata.org |language=en}}</ref> * ''Wannan shine Musulunci'' <ref name="damasgate1" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Muḥammad Mutawallī al-Shaʻrāwī |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4164538 |access-date=2023-01-16 |website=www.wikidata.org |language=en}}</ref> * ''"Hajji karbabbe" (Hajj Mabrour, a Larabci: الحجّ المبرور).'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Muḥammad Mutawallī al-Shaʻrāwī |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4164538 |access-date=2023-01-16 |website=www.wikidata.org |language=en}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Mustafa Mahmud * Muhammad al-Ghazali * Ali al-Jifri * Jerin Ash'aris == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1911]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5t03qbnjpdfluetlgdtx37u963sst5o 0 122963 892645 892579 2026-08-07T21:11:53Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Fim din */ 892645 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} {{Reflist}}'''Fidelis Uchenna Okoro''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2021), wanda aka fi sani da Fidoko, mawaki ne na Najeriya, marubuci, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, [[mawaƙi]] da kuma furodusa. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], ya rubuta litattafai biyu, tarin shayari guda biyu, da wasanni biyar. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗu da tarin shayari, ya fitar da kundi uku, kuma ya samar da fina-finai huɗu. == Ilimi == Okoro ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] a cikin shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=February 1996 |title=Notes on the Contributors |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Okike-321.pdf |journal=Okike: An African Journal of New Writing |issue=32 |pages=130}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">independent source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == === Ilimi === Okoro ya shiga ma'aikatan koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya a watan Mayu 1997.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya kasance Babban malami a Sashen Nazarin Ingilishi da Littattafai a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]]. Littafin Okoro na uku mai tsawo shi ne littafin The Rape of Regina (2002), wanda Cracking the Shell ya biyo baya (2013). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umezurike |first=Gideon Uzoma |date=June 2017 |title=Redemptive Fantasy, Restoration and the Exigencies of Kleos and Nostos in F. U. Okoro's Cracking the Shell |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317342262 |journal=The Muse |volume=45}}</ref> An sanya Cracking the Shell a cikin jerin sunayen don kyautar ANA / Jacaranda Prose ta 2009. Okoro ya buga tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, When the Bleeding Heart Breaks, a cikin shekara ta 2006. Tarin ya zama na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2006 ANA / Cadbury Poetry Prize . An buga tarin sa na biyu, Pimples and Dimples, a shekarar 2012 kuma shi ne na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2012 ANA / Gabriel Okara Poetry Prize .  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Waƙoƙi === Okoro ya fitar da kundi uku: One More Mile, Call on Me (2008), [1] da Baby Kpurunu m Ishi .''Jariri Kunupur m Ishi.'' === Fim din === A shekara ta 2006, Okoro ta kafa Fidoko Films International . Tare da kamfanin, ya samar da fina-finai huɗu: Saved by Sin (2007), Peace of the Graveyard, Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration, da Paradisico . [1][2]''Aljanna.'' Fidelis Okoro ya kasance mai ibada ga Shaidun Jehobah.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya mutu daga cutar sankara a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2021. == Hotunan fina-finai == * Zunubi ne ya ceci (2007) * ''Zaman Lafiya na Kabari'' * ''Uzumagada: Neman Wahayi'' * ''Aljanna'' == Littattafai == === Littattafai === *   *   === Waƙoƙi === *   *   === Wasanni === * ''Hikimar Ostrich'' (1998) *   * ''Farfesa Zemzi na Ƙarshe'' (2005) * ''Quagmire'' (2010) == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Authority control}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Nwabuisi |first=Benjamin Abia |date=December 2020 |title=When the Shell Refuses to Crack: Ambiguity as Structural Conduit in Fidelis Okoro's ''Cracking the Shell'' |url=http://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/WHEN%20THE%20SHELL%20REFUSES%20TO%20CRACK.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ejesu |first=Onyemuche Anele |date=December 2020 |title=Ideology and Revolution in Twenty-First Century Nigerian Poetry: The Examples of Odio Odeimun and Fidelis Okoro |url=https://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/IDEOLOGY%20AND%20REVOLUTION%20IN%20TWENTY.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} == Haɗin waje == * Fidelis Uchenna Okorowallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] 2c0bluyho84zreqjapp2nuc80y3ulug 892646 892645 2026-08-07T21:13:42Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan fina-finai */ 892646 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} {{Reflist}}'''Fidelis Uchenna Okoro''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2021), wanda aka fi sani da Fidoko, mawaki ne na Najeriya, marubuci, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, [[mawaƙi]] da kuma furodusa. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], ya rubuta litattafai biyu, tarin shayari guda biyu, da wasanni biyar. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗu da tarin shayari, ya fitar da kundi uku, kuma ya samar da fina-finai huɗu. == Ilimi == Okoro ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] a cikin shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=February 1996 |title=Notes on the Contributors |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Okike-321.pdf |journal=Okike: An African Journal of New Writing |issue=32 |pages=130}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">independent source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == === Ilimi === Okoro ya shiga ma'aikatan koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya a watan Mayu 1997.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya kasance Babban malami a Sashen Nazarin Ingilishi da Littattafai a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]]. Littafin Okoro na uku mai tsawo shi ne littafin The Rape of Regina (2002), wanda Cracking the Shell ya biyo baya (2013). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umezurike |first=Gideon Uzoma |date=June 2017 |title=Redemptive Fantasy, Restoration and the Exigencies of Kleos and Nostos in F. U. Okoro's Cracking the Shell |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317342262 |journal=The Muse |volume=45}}</ref> An sanya Cracking the Shell a cikin jerin sunayen don kyautar ANA / Jacaranda Prose ta 2009. Okoro ya buga tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, When the Bleeding Heart Breaks, a cikin shekara ta 2006. Tarin ya zama na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2006 ANA / Cadbury Poetry Prize . An buga tarin sa na biyu, Pimples and Dimples, a shekarar 2012 kuma shi ne na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2012 ANA / Gabriel Okara Poetry Prize .  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Waƙoƙi === Okoro ya fitar da kundi uku: One More Mile, Call on Me (2008), [1] da Baby Kpurunu m Ishi .''Jariri Kunupur m Ishi.'' === Fim din === A shekara ta 2006, Okoro ta kafa Fidoko Films International . Tare da kamfanin, ya samar da fina-finai huɗu: Saved by Sin (2007), Peace of the Graveyard, Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration, da Paradisico . [1][2]''Aljanna.'' Fidelis Okoro ya kasance mai ibada ga Shaidun Jehobah.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya mutu daga cutar sankara a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2021. == Hotunan fina-finai == == Littattafai == === Littattafai === *   *   === Waƙoƙi === *   *   === Wasanni === * ''Hikimar Ostrich'' (1998) *   * ''Farfesa Zemzi na Ƙarshe'' (2005) * ''Quagmire'' (2010) == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Authority control}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Nwabuisi |first=Benjamin Abia |date=December 2020 |title=When the Shell Refuses to Crack: Ambiguity as Structural Conduit in Fidelis Okoro's ''Cracking the Shell'' |url=http://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/WHEN%20THE%20SHELL%20REFUSES%20TO%20CRACK.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ejesu |first=Onyemuche Anele |date=December 2020 |title=Ideology and Revolution in Twenty-First Century Nigerian Poetry: The Examples of Odio Odeimun and Fidelis Okoro |url=https://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/IDEOLOGY%20AND%20REVOLUTION%20IN%20TWENTY.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} == Haɗin waje == * Fidelis Uchenna Okorowallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] 4tas1m0qei4if4llwjnr3zoycm0zmyz 892647 892646 2026-08-07T21:14:18Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan fina-finai */ 892647 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} {{Reflist}}'''Fidelis Uchenna Okoro''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2021), wanda aka fi sani da Fidoko, mawaki ne na Najeriya, marubuci, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, [[mawaƙi]] da kuma furodusa. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], ya rubuta litattafai biyu, tarin shayari guda biyu, da wasanni biyar. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗu da tarin shayari, ya fitar da kundi uku, kuma ya samar da fina-finai huɗu. == Ilimi == Okoro ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] a cikin shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=February 1996 |title=Notes on the Contributors |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Okike-321.pdf |journal=Okike: An African Journal of New Writing |issue=32 |pages=130}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">independent source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == === Ilimi === Okoro ya shiga ma'aikatan koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya a watan Mayu 1997.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya kasance Babban malami a Sashen Nazarin Ingilishi da Littattafai a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]]. Littafin Okoro na uku mai tsawo shi ne littafin The Rape of Regina (2002), wanda Cracking the Shell ya biyo baya (2013). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umezurike |first=Gideon Uzoma |date=June 2017 |title=Redemptive Fantasy, Restoration and the Exigencies of Kleos and Nostos in F. U. Okoro's Cracking the Shell |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317342262 |journal=The Muse |volume=45}}</ref> An sanya Cracking the Shell a cikin jerin sunayen don kyautar ANA / Jacaranda Prose ta 2009. Okoro ya buga tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, When the Bleeding Heart Breaks, a cikin shekara ta 2006. Tarin ya zama na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2006 ANA / Cadbury Poetry Prize . An buga tarin sa na biyu, Pimples and Dimples, a shekarar 2012 kuma shi ne na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2012 ANA / Gabriel Okara Poetry Prize .  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Waƙoƙi === Okoro ya fitar da kundi uku: One More Mile, Call on Me (2008), [1] da Baby Kpurunu m Ishi .''Jariri Kunupur m Ishi.'' === Fim din === A shekara ta 2006, Okoro ta kafa Fidoko Films International . Tare da kamfanin, ya samar da fina-finai huɗu: Saved by Sin (2007), Peace of the Graveyard, Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration, da Paradisico . [1][2]''Aljanna.'' Fidelis Okoro ya kasance mai ibada ga Shaidun Jehobah.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya mutu daga cutar sankara a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2021. == Hotunan fina-finai == Saved by Sin (2007) == Littattafai == === Littattafai === *   *   === Waƙoƙi === *   *   === Wasanni === * ''Hikimar Ostrich'' (1998) *   * ''Farfesa Zemzi na Ƙarshe'' (2005) * ''Quagmire'' (2010) == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Authority control}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Nwabuisi |first=Benjamin Abia |date=December 2020 |title=When the Shell Refuses to Crack: Ambiguity as Structural Conduit in Fidelis Okoro's ''Cracking the Shell'' |url=http://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/WHEN%20THE%20SHELL%20REFUSES%20TO%20CRACK.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ejesu |first=Onyemuche Anele |date=December 2020 |title=Ideology and Revolution in Twenty-First Century Nigerian Poetry: The Examples of Odio Odeimun and Fidelis Okoro |url=https://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/IDEOLOGY%20AND%20REVOLUTION%20IN%20TWENTY.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} == Haɗin waje == * Fidelis Uchenna Okorowallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] o4sslee0ok1x4qwoea3y1jovihzynpq 892648 892647 2026-08-07T21:15:12Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan fina-finai */ 892648 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} {{Reflist}}'''Fidelis Uchenna Okoro''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2021), wanda aka fi sani da Fidoko, mawaki ne na Najeriya, marubuci, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, [[mawaƙi]] da kuma furodusa. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], ya rubuta litattafai biyu, tarin shayari guda biyu, da wasanni biyar. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗu da tarin shayari, ya fitar da kundi uku, kuma ya samar da fina-finai huɗu. == Ilimi == Okoro ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] a cikin shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=February 1996 |title=Notes on the Contributors |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Okike-321.pdf |journal=Okike: An African Journal of New Writing |issue=32 |pages=130}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">independent source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == === Ilimi === Okoro ya shiga ma'aikatan koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya a watan Mayu 1997.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya kasance Babban malami a Sashen Nazarin Ingilishi da Littattafai a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]]. Littafin Okoro na uku mai tsawo shi ne littafin The Rape of Regina (2002), wanda Cracking the Shell ya biyo baya (2013). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umezurike |first=Gideon Uzoma |date=June 2017 |title=Redemptive Fantasy, Restoration and the Exigencies of Kleos and Nostos in F. U. Okoro's Cracking the Shell |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317342262 |journal=The Muse |volume=45}}</ref> An sanya Cracking the Shell a cikin jerin sunayen don kyautar ANA / Jacaranda Prose ta 2009. Okoro ya buga tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, When the Bleeding Heart Breaks, a cikin shekara ta 2006. Tarin ya zama na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2006 ANA / Cadbury Poetry Prize . An buga tarin sa na biyu, Pimples and Dimples, a shekarar 2012 kuma shi ne na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2012 ANA / Gabriel Okara Poetry Prize .  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Waƙoƙi === Okoro ya fitar da kundi uku: One More Mile, Call on Me (2008), [1] da Baby Kpurunu m Ishi .''Jariri Kunupur m Ishi.'' === Fim din === A shekara ta 2006, Okoro ta kafa Fidoko Films International . Tare da kamfanin, ya samar da fina-finai huɗu: Saved by Sin (2007), Peace of the Graveyard, Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration, da Paradisico . [1][2]''Aljanna.'' Fidelis Okoro ya kasance mai ibada ga Shaidun Jehobah.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya mutu daga cutar sankara a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2021. == Hotunan fina-finai == ''Saved by Sin (2007)'' == Littattafai == === Littattafai === *   *   === Waƙoƙi === *   *   === Wasanni === * ''Hikimar Ostrich'' (1998) *   * ''Farfesa Zemzi na Ƙarshe'' (2005) * ''Quagmire'' (2010) == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Authority control}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Nwabuisi |first=Benjamin Abia |date=December 2020 |title=When the Shell Refuses to Crack: Ambiguity as Structural Conduit in Fidelis Okoro's ''Cracking the Shell'' |url=http://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/WHEN%20THE%20SHELL%20REFUSES%20TO%20CRACK.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ejesu |first=Onyemuche Anele |date=December 2020 |title=Ideology and Revolution in Twenty-First Century Nigerian Poetry: The Examples of Odio Odeimun and Fidelis Okoro |url=https://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/IDEOLOGY%20AND%20REVOLUTION%20IN%20TWENTY.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} == Haɗin waje == * Fidelis Uchenna Okorowallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] 3vk6sqdlcteb6ajcon5try1cydkdvaj 892649 892648 2026-08-07T21:15:40Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan fina-finai */ 892649 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} {{Reflist}}'''Fidelis Uchenna Okoro''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2021), wanda aka fi sani da Fidoko, mawaki ne na Najeriya, marubuci, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, [[mawaƙi]] da kuma furodusa. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], ya rubuta litattafai biyu, tarin shayari guda biyu, da wasanni biyar. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗu da tarin shayari, ya fitar da kundi uku, kuma ya samar da fina-finai huɗu. == Ilimi == Okoro ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] a cikin shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=February 1996 |title=Notes on the Contributors |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Okike-321.pdf |journal=Okike: An African Journal of New Writing |issue=32 |pages=130}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">independent source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == === Ilimi === Okoro ya shiga ma'aikatan koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya a watan Mayu 1997.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya kasance Babban malami a Sashen Nazarin Ingilishi da Littattafai a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]]. Littafin Okoro na uku mai tsawo shi ne littafin The Rape of Regina (2002), wanda Cracking the Shell ya biyo baya (2013). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umezurike |first=Gideon Uzoma |date=June 2017 |title=Redemptive Fantasy, Restoration and the Exigencies of Kleos and Nostos in F. U. Okoro's Cracking the Shell |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317342262 |journal=The Muse |volume=45}}</ref> An sanya Cracking the Shell a cikin jerin sunayen don kyautar ANA / Jacaranda Prose ta 2009. Okoro ya buga tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, When the Bleeding Heart Breaks, a cikin shekara ta 2006. Tarin ya zama na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2006 ANA / Cadbury Poetry Prize . An buga tarin sa na biyu, Pimples and Dimples, a shekarar 2012 kuma shi ne na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2012 ANA / Gabriel Okara Poetry Prize .  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Waƙoƙi === Okoro ya fitar da kundi uku: One More Mile, Call on Me (2008), [1] da Baby Kpurunu m Ishi .''Jariri Kunupur m Ishi.'' === Fim din === A shekara ta 2006, Okoro ta kafa Fidoko Films International . Tare da kamfanin, ya samar da fina-finai huɗu: Saved by Sin (2007), Peace of the Graveyard, Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration, da Paradisico . [1][2]''Aljanna.'' Fidelis Okoro ya kasance mai ibada ga Shaidun Jehobah.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya mutu daga cutar sankara a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2021. == Hotunan fina-finai == ''Saved by Sin (2007)'' Peace of the Graveyard == Littattafai == === Littattafai === *   *   === Waƙoƙi === *   *   === Wasanni === * ''Hikimar Ostrich'' (1998) *   * ''Farfesa Zemzi na Ƙarshe'' (2005) * ''Quagmire'' (2010) == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Authority control}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Nwabuisi |first=Benjamin Abia |date=December 2020 |title=When the Shell Refuses to Crack: Ambiguity as Structural Conduit in Fidelis Okoro's ''Cracking the Shell'' |url=http://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/WHEN%20THE%20SHELL%20REFUSES%20TO%20CRACK.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ejesu |first=Onyemuche Anele |date=December 2020 |title=Ideology and Revolution in Twenty-First Century Nigerian Poetry: The Examples of Odio Odeimun and Fidelis Okoro |url=https://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/IDEOLOGY%20AND%20REVOLUTION%20IN%20TWENTY.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} == Haɗin waje == * Fidelis Uchenna Okorowallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] 3fojdlmmuc5eihkqhsfl0171vnkf8wu 892650 892649 2026-08-07T21:16:28Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan fina-finai */ 892650 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} {{Reflist}}'''Fidelis Uchenna Okoro''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2021), wanda aka fi sani da Fidoko, mawaki ne na Najeriya, marubuci, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, [[mawaƙi]] da kuma furodusa. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], ya rubuta litattafai biyu, tarin shayari guda biyu, da wasanni biyar. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗu da tarin shayari, ya fitar da kundi uku, kuma ya samar da fina-finai huɗu. == Ilimi == Okoro ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] a cikin shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=February 1996 |title=Notes on the Contributors |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Okike-321.pdf |journal=Okike: An African Journal of New Writing |issue=32 |pages=130}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">independent source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == === Ilimi === Okoro ya shiga ma'aikatan koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya a watan Mayu 1997.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya kasance Babban malami a Sashen Nazarin Ingilishi da Littattafai a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]]. Littafin Okoro na uku mai tsawo shi ne littafin The Rape of Regina (2002), wanda Cracking the Shell ya biyo baya (2013). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umezurike |first=Gideon Uzoma |date=June 2017 |title=Redemptive Fantasy, Restoration and the Exigencies of Kleos and Nostos in F. U. Okoro's Cracking the Shell |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317342262 |journal=The Muse |volume=45}}</ref> An sanya Cracking the Shell a cikin jerin sunayen don kyautar ANA / Jacaranda Prose ta 2009. Okoro ya buga tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, When the Bleeding Heart Breaks, a cikin shekara ta 2006. Tarin ya zama na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2006 ANA / Cadbury Poetry Prize . An buga tarin sa na biyu, Pimples and Dimples, a shekarar 2012 kuma shi ne na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2012 ANA / Gabriel Okara Poetry Prize .  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Waƙoƙi === Okoro ya fitar da kundi uku: One More Mile, Call on Me (2008), [1] da Baby Kpurunu m Ishi .''Jariri Kunupur m Ishi.'' === Fim din === A shekara ta 2006, Okoro ta kafa Fidoko Films International . Tare da kamfanin, ya samar da fina-finai huɗu: Saved by Sin (2007), Peace of the Graveyard, Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration, da Paradisico . [1][2]''Aljanna.'' Fidelis Okoro ya kasance mai ibada ga Shaidun Jehobah.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya mutu daga cutar sankara a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2021. == Hotunan fina-finai == ''Saved by Sin (2007)'' ''Peace of the Graveyard'' == Littattafai == === Littattafai === *   *   === Waƙoƙi === *   *   === Wasanni === * ''Hikimar Ostrich'' (1998) *   * ''Farfesa Zemzi na Ƙarshe'' (2005) * ''Quagmire'' (2010) == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Authority control}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Nwabuisi |first=Benjamin Abia |date=December 2020 |title=When the Shell Refuses to Crack: Ambiguity as Structural Conduit in Fidelis Okoro's ''Cracking the Shell'' |url=http://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/WHEN%20THE%20SHELL%20REFUSES%20TO%20CRACK.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ejesu |first=Onyemuche Anele |date=December 2020 |title=Ideology and Revolution in Twenty-First Century Nigerian Poetry: The Examples of Odio Odeimun and Fidelis Okoro |url=https://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/IDEOLOGY%20AND%20REVOLUTION%20IN%20TWENTY.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} == Haɗin waje == * Fidelis Uchenna Okorowallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] aqnisalqy2trl69q3t0gv28i6gtjv6i 892651 892650 2026-08-07T21:17:29Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan fina-finai */ 892651 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} {{Reflist}}'''Fidelis Uchenna Okoro''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2021), wanda aka fi sani da Fidoko, mawaki ne na Najeriya, marubuci, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, [[mawaƙi]] da kuma furodusa. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], ya rubuta litattafai biyu, tarin shayari guda biyu, da wasanni biyar. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗu da tarin shayari, ya fitar da kundi uku, kuma ya samar da fina-finai huɗu. == Ilimi == Okoro ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] a cikin shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=February 1996 |title=Notes on the Contributors |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Okike-321.pdf |journal=Okike: An African Journal of New Writing |issue=32 |pages=130}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">independent source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == === Ilimi === Okoro ya shiga ma'aikatan koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya a watan Mayu 1997.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya kasance Babban malami a Sashen Nazarin Ingilishi da Littattafai a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]]. Littafin Okoro na uku mai tsawo shi ne littafin The Rape of Regina (2002), wanda Cracking the Shell ya biyo baya (2013). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umezurike |first=Gideon Uzoma |date=June 2017 |title=Redemptive Fantasy, Restoration and the Exigencies of Kleos and Nostos in F. U. Okoro's Cracking the Shell |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317342262 |journal=The Muse |volume=45}}</ref> An sanya Cracking the Shell a cikin jerin sunayen don kyautar ANA / Jacaranda Prose ta 2009. Okoro ya buga tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, When the Bleeding Heart Breaks, a cikin shekara ta 2006. Tarin ya zama na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2006 ANA / Cadbury Poetry Prize . An buga tarin sa na biyu, Pimples and Dimples, a shekarar 2012 kuma shi ne na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2012 ANA / Gabriel Okara Poetry Prize .  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Waƙoƙi === Okoro ya fitar da kundi uku: One More Mile, Call on Me (2008), [1] da Baby Kpurunu m Ishi .''Jariri Kunupur m Ishi.'' === Fim din === A shekara ta 2006, Okoro ta kafa Fidoko Films International . Tare da kamfanin, ya samar da fina-finai huɗu: Saved by Sin (2007), Peace of the Graveyard, Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration, da Paradisico . [1][2]''Aljanna.'' Fidelis Okoro ya kasance mai ibada ga Shaidun Jehobah.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya mutu daga cutar sankara a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2021. == Hotunan fina-finai == #''Saved by Sin (2007)'' #''Peace of the Graveyard'' == Littattafai == === Littattafai === *   *   === Waƙoƙi === *   *   === Wasanni === * ''Hikimar Ostrich'' (1998) *   * ''Farfesa Zemzi na Ƙarshe'' (2005) * ''Quagmire'' (2010) == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Authority control}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Nwabuisi |first=Benjamin Abia |date=December 2020 |title=When the Shell Refuses to Crack: Ambiguity as Structural Conduit in Fidelis Okoro's ''Cracking the Shell'' |url=http://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/WHEN%20THE%20SHELL%20REFUSES%20TO%20CRACK.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ejesu |first=Onyemuche Anele |date=December 2020 |title=Ideology and Revolution in Twenty-First Century Nigerian Poetry: The Examples of Odio Odeimun and Fidelis Okoro |url=https://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/IDEOLOGY%20AND%20REVOLUTION%20IN%20TWENTY.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} == Haɗin waje == * Fidelis Uchenna Okorowallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] s535o244kx6hb73vdk50ce0z1t0kdot 892652 892651 2026-08-07T21:18:14Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan fina-finai */ 892652 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} {{Reflist}}'''Fidelis Uchenna Okoro''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2021), wanda aka fi sani da Fidoko, mawaki ne na Najeriya, marubuci, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, [[mawaƙi]] da kuma furodusa. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], ya rubuta litattafai biyu, tarin shayari guda biyu, da wasanni biyar. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗu da tarin shayari, ya fitar da kundi uku, kuma ya samar da fina-finai huɗu. == Ilimi == Okoro ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] a cikin shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=February 1996 |title=Notes on the Contributors |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Okike-321.pdf |journal=Okike: An African Journal of New Writing |issue=32 |pages=130}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">independent source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == === Ilimi === Okoro ya shiga ma'aikatan koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya a watan Mayu 1997.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya kasance Babban malami a Sashen Nazarin Ingilishi da Littattafai a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]]. Littafin Okoro na uku mai tsawo shi ne littafin The Rape of Regina (2002), wanda Cracking the Shell ya biyo baya (2013). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umezurike |first=Gideon Uzoma |date=June 2017 |title=Redemptive Fantasy, Restoration and the Exigencies of Kleos and Nostos in F. U. Okoro's Cracking the Shell |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317342262 |journal=The Muse |volume=45}}</ref> An sanya Cracking the Shell a cikin jerin sunayen don kyautar ANA / Jacaranda Prose ta 2009. Okoro ya buga tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, When the Bleeding Heart Breaks, a cikin shekara ta 2006. Tarin ya zama na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2006 ANA / Cadbury Poetry Prize . An buga tarin sa na biyu, Pimples and Dimples, a shekarar 2012 kuma shi ne na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2012 ANA / Gabriel Okara Poetry Prize .  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Waƙoƙi === Okoro ya fitar da kundi uku: One More Mile, Call on Me (2008), [1] da Baby Kpurunu m Ishi .''Jariri Kunupur m Ishi.'' === Fim din === A shekara ta 2006, Okoro ta kafa Fidoko Films International . Tare da kamfanin, ya samar da fina-finai huɗu: Saved by Sin (2007), Peace of the Graveyard, Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration, da Paradisico . [1][2]''Aljanna.'' Fidelis Okoro ya kasance mai ibada ga Shaidun Jehobah.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya mutu daga cutar sankara a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2021. == Hotunan fina-finai == #''Saved by Sin (2007)'' #''Peace of the Graveyard'' #Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration == Littattafai == === Littattafai === *   *   === Waƙoƙi === *   *   === Wasanni === * ''Hikimar Ostrich'' (1998) *   * ''Farfesa Zemzi na Ƙarshe'' (2005) * ''Quagmire'' (2010) == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Authority control}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Nwabuisi |first=Benjamin Abia |date=December 2020 |title=When the Shell Refuses to Crack: Ambiguity as Structural Conduit in Fidelis Okoro's ''Cracking the Shell'' |url=http://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/WHEN%20THE%20SHELL%20REFUSES%20TO%20CRACK.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ejesu |first=Onyemuche Anele |date=December 2020 |title=Ideology and Revolution in Twenty-First Century Nigerian Poetry: The Examples of Odio Odeimun and Fidelis Okoro |url=https://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/IDEOLOGY%20AND%20REVOLUTION%20IN%20TWENTY.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} == Haɗin waje == * Fidelis Uchenna Okorowallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] odayqslq1rn26lj5xhmtu80qz3jj8wa 892653 892652 2026-08-07T21:18:45Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan fina-finai */ 892653 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} {{Reflist}}'''Fidelis Uchenna Okoro''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2021), wanda aka fi sani da Fidoko, mawaki ne na Najeriya, marubuci, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, [[mawaƙi]] da kuma furodusa. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], ya rubuta litattafai biyu, tarin shayari guda biyu, da wasanni biyar. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗu da tarin shayari, ya fitar da kundi uku, kuma ya samar da fina-finai huɗu. == Ilimi == Okoro ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] a cikin shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=February 1996 |title=Notes on the Contributors |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Okike-321.pdf |journal=Okike: An African Journal of New Writing |issue=32 |pages=130}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">independent source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == === Ilimi === Okoro ya shiga ma'aikatan koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya a watan Mayu 1997.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya kasance Babban malami a Sashen Nazarin Ingilishi da Littattafai a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]]. Littafin Okoro na uku mai tsawo shi ne littafin The Rape of Regina (2002), wanda Cracking the Shell ya biyo baya (2013). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umezurike |first=Gideon Uzoma |date=June 2017 |title=Redemptive Fantasy, Restoration and the Exigencies of Kleos and Nostos in F. U. Okoro's Cracking the Shell |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317342262 |journal=The Muse |volume=45}}</ref> An sanya Cracking the Shell a cikin jerin sunayen don kyautar ANA / Jacaranda Prose ta 2009. Okoro ya buga tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, When the Bleeding Heart Breaks, a cikin shekara ta 2006. Tarin ya zama na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2006 ANA / Cadbury Poetry Prize . An buga tarin sa na biyu, Pimples and Dimples, a shekarar 2012 kuma shi ne na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2012 ANA / Gabriel Okara Poetry Prize .  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Waƙoƙi === Okoro ya fitar da kundi uku: One More Mile, Call on Me (2008), [1] da Baby Kpurunu m Ishi .''Jariri Kunupur m Ishi.'' === Fim din === A shekara ta 2006, Okoro ta kafa Fidoko Films International . Tare da kamfanin, ya samar da fina-finai huɗu: Saved by Sin (2007), Peace of the Graveyard, Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration, da Paradisico . [1][2]''Aljanna.'' Fidelis Okoro ya kasance mai ibada ga Shaidun Jehobah.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya mutu daga cutar sankara a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2021. == Hotunan fina-finai == #''Saved by Sin (2007)'' #''Peace of the Graveyard'' #''Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration'' == Littattafai == === Littattafai === *   *   === Waƙoƙi === *   *   === Wasanni === * ''Hikimar Ostrich'' (1998) *   * ''Farfesa Zemzi na Ƙarshe'' (2005) * ''Quagmire'' (2010) == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Authority control}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Nwabuisi |first=Benjamin Abia |date=December 2020 |title=When the Shell Refuses to Crack: Ambiguity as Structural Conduit in Fidelis Okoro's ''Cracking the Shell'' |url=http://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/WHEN%20THE%20SHELL%20REFUSES%20TO%20CRACK.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ejesu |first=Onyemuche Anele |date=December 2020 |title=Ideology and Revolution in Twenty-First Century Nigerian Poetry: The Examples of Odio Odeimun and Fidelis Okoro |url=https://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/IDEOLOGY%20AND%20REVOLUTION%20IN%20TWENTY.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} == Haɗin waje == * Fidelis Uchenna Okorowallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] lm8xt1cx71qn76ymushjybkv187vfam 892654 892653 2026-08-07T21:19:24Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan fina-finai */ 892654 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} {{Reflist}}'''Fidelis Uchenna Okoro''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2021), wanda aka fi sani da Fidoko, mawaki ne na Najeriya, marubuci, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, [[mawaƙi]] da kuma furodusa. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], ya rubuta litattafai biyu, tarin shayari guda biyu, da wasanni biyar. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗu da tarin shayari, ya fitar da kundi uku, kuma ya samar da fina-finai huɗu. == Ilimi == Okoro ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] a cikin shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=February 1996 |title=Notes on the Contributors |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Okike-321.pdf |journal=Okike: An African Journal of New Writing |issue=32 |pages=130}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">independent source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == === Ilimi === Okoro ya shiga ma'aikatan koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya a watan Mayu 1997.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya kasance Babban malami a Sashen Nazarin Ingilishi da Littattafai a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]]. Littafin Okoro na uku mai tsawo shi ne littafin The Rape of Regina (2002), wanda Cracking the Shell ya biyo baya (2013). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umezurike |first=Gideon Uzoma |date=June 2017 |title=Redemptive Fantasy, Restoration and the Exigencies of Kleos and Nostos in F. U. Okoro's Cracking the Shell |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317342262 |journal=The Muse |volume=45}}</ref> An sanya Cracking the Shell a cikin jerin sunayen don kyautar ANA / Jacaranda Prose ta 2009. Okoro ya buga tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, When the Bleeding Heart Breaks, a cikin shekara ta 2006. Tarin ya zama na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2006 ANA / Cadbury Poetry Prize . An buga tarin sa na biyu, Pimples and Dimples, a shekarar 2012 kuma shi ne na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2012 ANA / Gabriel Okara Poetry Prize .  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Waƙoƙi === Okoro ya fitar da kundi uku: One More Mile, Call on Me (2008), [1] da Baby Kpurunu m Ishi .''Jariri Kunupur m Ishi.'' === Fim din === A shekara ta 2006, Okoro ta kafa Fidoko Films International . Tare da kamfanin, ya samar da fina-finai huɗu: Saved by Sin (2007), Peace of the Graveyard, Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration, da Paradisico . [1][2]''Aljanna.'' Fidelis Okoro ya kasance mai ibada ga Shaidun Jehobah.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya mutu daga cutar sankara a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2021. == Hotunan fina-finai == #''Saved by Sin (2007)'' #''Peace of the Graveyard'' #''Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration'' Paradisico == Littattafai == === Littattafai === *   *   === Waƙoƙi === *   *   === Wasanni === * ''Hikimar Ostrich'' (1998) *   * ''Farfesa Zemzi na Ƙarshe'' (2005) * ''Quagmire'' (2010) == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Authority control}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Nwabuisi |first=Benjamin Abia |date=December 2020 |title=When the Shell Refuses to Crack: Ambiguity as Structural Conduit in Fidelis Okoro's ''Cracking the Shell'' |url=http://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/WHEN%20THE%20SHELL%20REFUSES%20TO%20CRACK.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ejesu |first=Onyemuche Anele |date=December 2020 |title=Ideology and Revolution in Twenty-First Century Nigerian Poetry: The Examples of Odio Odeimun and Fidelis Okoro |url=https://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/IDEOLOGY%20AND%20REVOLUTION%20IN%20TWENTY.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} == Haɗin waje == * Fidelis Uchenna Okorowallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] 90bwbz4hma1k88gg5ivzdldmiby9c3d 892655 892654 2026-08-07T21:19:47Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Ilimi */ 892655 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} {{Reflist}}'''Fidelis Uchenna Okoro''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2021), wanda aka fi sani da Fidoko, mawaki ne na Najeriya, marubuci, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, [[mawaƙi]] da kuma furodusa. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], ya rubuta litattafai biyu, tarin shayari guda biyu, da wasanni biyar. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗu da tarin shayari, ya fitar da kundi uku, kuma ya samar da fina-finai huɗu. == Ilimi == Okoro ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] a cikin shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=February 1996 |title=Notes on the Contributors |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Okike-321.pdf |journal=Okike: An African Journal of New Writing |issue=32 |pages=130}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">independent source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == === Ilimi === Okoro ya shiga ma'aikatan koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya a watan Mayu 1997.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya kasance Babban malami a Sashen Nazarin Ingilishi da Littattafai a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]]. Littafin Okoro na uku mai tsawo shi ne littafin The Rape of Regina (2002), wanda Cracking the Shell ya biyo baya (2013). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umezurike |first=Gideon Uzoma |date=June 2017 |title=Redemptive Fantasy, Restoration and the Exigencies of Kleos and Nostos in F. U. Okoro's Cracking the Shell |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317342262 |journal=The Muse |volume=45}}</ref> An sanya Cracking the Shell a cikin jerin sunayen don kyautar ANA / Jacaranda Prose ta she 2009. Okoro ya buga tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, When the Bleeding Heart Breaks, a cikin shekara ta 2006. Tarin ya zama na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2006 ANA / Cadbury Poetry Prize . An buga tarin sa na biyu, Pimples and Dimples, a shekarar 2012 kuma shi ne na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2012 ANA / Gabriel Okara Poetry Prize .  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Waƙoƙi === Okoro ya fitar da kundi uku: One More Mile, Call on Me (2008), [1] da Baby Kpurunu m Ishi .''Jariri Kunupur m Ishi.'' === Fim din === A shekara ta 2006, Okoro ta kafa Fidoko Films International . Tare da kamfanin, ya samar da fina-finai huɗu: Saved by Sin (2007), Peace of the Graveyard, Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration, da Paradisico . [1][2]''Aljanna.'' Fidelis Okoro ya kasance mai ibada ga Shaidun Jehobah.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya mutu daga cutar sankara a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2021. == Hotunan fina-finai == #''Saved by Sin (2007)'' #''Peace of the Graveyard'' #''Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration'' Paradisico == Littattafai == === Littattafai === *   *   === Waƙoƙi === *   *   === Wasanni === * ''Hikimar Ostrich'' (1998) *   * ''Farfesa Zemzi na Ƙarshe'' (2005) * ''Quagmire'' (2010) == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Authority control}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Nwabuisi |first=Benjamin Abia |date=December 2020 |title=When the Shell Refuses to Crack: Ambiguity as Structural Conduit in Fidelis Okoro's ''Cracking the Shell'' |url=http://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/WHEN%20THE%20SHELL%20REFUSES%20TO%20CRACK.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ejesu |first=Onyemuche Anele |date=December 2020 |title=Ideology and Revolution in Twenty-First Century Nigerian Poetry: The Examples of Odio Odeimun and Fidelis Okoro |url=https://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/IDEOLOGY%20AND%20REVOLUTION%20IN%20TWENTY.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} == Haɗin waje == * Fidelis Uchenna Okorowallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] rlsf9wcrqjdzmp53mviek7mb1ksylx6 892656 892655 2026-08-07T21:20:02Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Ilimi */ 892656 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} {{Reflist}}'''Fidelis Uchenna Okoro''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2021), wanda aka fi sani da Fidoko, mawaki ne na Najeriya, marubuci, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, [[mawaƙi]] da kuma furodusa. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], ya rubuta litattafai biyu, tarin shayari guda biyu, da wasanni biyar. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗu da tarin shayari, ya fitar da kundi uku, kuma ya samar da fina-finai huɗu. == Ilimi == Okoro ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] a cikin shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=February 1996 |title=Notes on the Contributors |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Okike-321.pdf |journal=Okike: An African Journal of New Writing |issue=32 |pages=130}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">independent source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == === Ilimi === Okoro ya shiga ma'aikatan koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya a watan Mayu 1997.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya kasance Babban malami a Sashen Nazarin Ingilishi da Littattafai a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]]. Littafin Okoro na uku mai tsawo shi ne littafin The Rape of Regina (2002), wanda Cracking the Shell ya biyo baya (2013). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umezurike |first=Gideon Uzoma |date=June 2017 |title=Redemptive Fantasy, Restoration and the Exigencies of Kleos and Nostos in F. U. Okoro's Cracking the Shell |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317342262 |journal=The Muse |volume=45}}</ref> An sanya Cracking the Shell a cikin jerin sunayen don kyautar ANA / Jacaranda Prose ta sheka 2009. Okoro ya buga tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, When the Bleeding Heart Breaks, a cikin shekara ta 2006. Tarin ya zama na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2006 ANA / Cadbury Poetry Prize . An buga tarin sa na biyu, Pimples and Dimples, a shekarar 2012 kuma shi ne na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2012 ANA / Gabriel Okara Poetry Prize .  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Waƙoƙi === Okoro ya fitar da kundi uku: One More Mile, Call on Me (2008), [1] da Baby Kpurunu m Ishi .''Jariri Kunupur m Ishi.'' === Fim din === A shekara ta 2006, Okoro ta kafa Fidoko Films International . Tare da kamfanin, ya samar da fina-finai huɗu: Saved by Sin (2007), Peace of the Graveyard, Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration, da Paradisico . [1][2]''Aljanna.'' Fidelis Okoro ya kasance mai ibada ga Shaidun Jehobah.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya mutu daga cutar sankara a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2021. == Hotunan fina-finai == #''Saved by Sin (2007)'' #''Peace of the Graveyard'' #''Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration'' Paradisico == Littattafai == === Littattafai === *   *   === Waƙoƙi === *   *   === Wasanni === * ''Hikimar Ostrich'' (1998) *   * ''Farfesa Zemzi na Ƙarshe'' (2005) * ''Quagmire'' (2010) == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Authority control}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Nwabuisi |first=Benjamin Abia |date=December 2020 |title=When the Shell Refuses to Crack: Ambiguity as Structural Conduit in Fidelis Okoro's ''Cracking the Shell'' |url=http://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/WHEN%20THE%20SHELL%20REFUSES%20TO%20CRACK.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ejesu |first=Onyemuche Anele |date=December 2020 |title=Ideology and Revolution in Twenty-First Century Nigerian Poetry: The Examples of Odio Odeimun and Fidelis Okoro |url=https://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/IDEOLOGY%20AND%20REVOLUTION%20IN%20TWENTY.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} == Haɗin waje == * Fidelis Uchenna Okorowallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] 3hr85yn6akw734bu0c55st43xfzm6j1 892657 892656 2026-08-07T21:20:39Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan fina-finai */ 892657 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} {{Reflist}}'''Fidelis Uchenna Okoro''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2021), wanda aka fi sani da Fidoko, mawaki ne na Najeriya, marubuci, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, [[mawaƙi]] da kuma furodusa. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], ya rubuta litattafai biyu, tarin shayari guda biyu, da wasanni biyar. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗu da tarin shayari, ya fitar da kundi uku, kuma ya samar da fina-finai huɗu. == Ilimi == Okoro ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] a cikin shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=February 1996 |title=Notes on the Contributors |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Okike-321.pdf |journal=Okike: An African Journal of New Writing |issue=32 |pages=130}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">independent source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == === Ilimi === Okoro ya shiga ma'aikatan koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya a watan Mayu 1997.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya kasance Babban malami a Sashen Nazarin Ingilishi da Littattafai a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]]. Littafin Okoro na uku mai tsawo shi ne littafin The Rape of Regina (2002), wanda Cracking the Shell ya biyo baya (2013). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umezurike |first=Gideon Uzoma |date=June 2017 |title=Redemptive Fantasy, Restoration and the Exigencies of Kleos and Nostos in F. U. Okoro's Cracking the Shell |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317342262 |journal=The Muse |volume=45}}</ref> An sanya Cracking the Shell a cikin jerin sunayen don kyautar ANA / Jacaranda Prose ta sheka 2009. Okoro ya buga tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, When the Bleeding Heart Breaks, a cikin shekara ta 2006. Tarin ya zama na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2006 ANA / Cadbury Poetry Prize . An buga tarin sa na biyu, Pimples and Dimples, a shekarar 2012 kuma shi ne na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2012 ANA / Gabriel Okara Poetry Prize .  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Waƙoƙi === Okoro ya fitar da kundi uku: One More Mile, Call on Me (2008), [1] da Baby Kpurunu m Ishi .''Jariri Kunupur m Ishi.'' === Fim din === A shekara ta 2006, Okoro ta kafa Fidoko Films International . Tare da kamfanin, ya samar da fina-finai huɗu: Saved by Sin (2007), Peace of the Graveyard, Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration, da Paradisico . [1][2]''Aljanna.'' Fidelis Okoro ya kasance mai ibada ga Shaidun Jehobah.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya mutu daga cutar sankara a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2021. == Hotunan fina-finai == #''Saved by Sin (2007)'' #''Peace of the Graveyard'' #''Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration'' #''Paradisico'' == Littattafai == === Littattafai === *   *   === Waƙoƙi === *   *   === Wasanni === * ''Hikimar Ostrich'' (1998) *   * ''Farfesa Zemzi na Ƙarshe'' (2005) * ''Quagmire'' (2010) == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Authority control}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Nwabuisi |first=Benjamin Abia |date=December 2020 |title=When the Shell Refuses to Crack: Ambiguity as Structural Conduit in Fidelis Okoro's ''Cracking the Shell'' |url=http://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/WHEN%20THE%20SHELL%20REFUSES%20TO%20CRACK.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ejesu |first=Onyemuche Anele |date=December 2020 |title=Ideology and Revolution in Twenty-First Century Nigerian Poetry: The Examples of Odio Odeimun and Fidelis Okoro |url=https://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/IDEOLOGY%20AND%20REVOLUTION%20IN%20TWENTY.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} == Haɗin waje == * Fidelis Uchenna Okorowallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] o5yu8l5h6idw02t6jzqg7nfivdtqx7g 892658 892657 2026-08-07T21:20:51Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Ilimi */ 892658 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} {{Reflist}}'''Fidelis Uchenna Okoro''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2021), wanda aka fi sani da Fidoko, mawaki ne na Najeriya, marubuci, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, [[mawaƙi]] da kuma furodusa. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], ya rubuta litattafai biyu, tarin shayari guda biyu, da wasanni biyar. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗu da tarin shayari, ya fitar da kundi uku, kuma ya samar da fina-finai huɗu. == Ilimi == Okoro ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] a cikin shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=February 1996 |title=Notes on the Contributors |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Okike-321.pdf |journal=Okike: An African Journal of New Writing |issue=32 |pages=130}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">independent source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == === Ilimi === Okoro ya shiga ma'aikatan koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya a watan Mayu 1997.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya kasance Babban malami a Sashen Nazarin Ingilishi da Littattafai a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]]. Littafin Okoro na uku mai tsawo shi ne littafin The Rape of Regina (2002), wanda Cracking the Shell ya biyo baya (2013). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umezurike |first=Gideon Uzoma |date=June 2017 |title=Redemptive Fantasy, Restoration and the Exigencies of Kleos and Nostos in F. U. Okoro's Cracking the Shell |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317342262 |journal=The Muse |volume=45}}</ref> An sanya Cracking the Shell a cikin jerin sunayen don kyautar ANA / Jacaranda Prose ta shekarar 2009. Okoro ya buga tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, When the Bleeding Heart Breaks, a cikin shekara ta 2006. Tarin ya zama na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2006 ANA / Cadbury Poetry Prize . An buga tarin sa na biyu, Pimples and Dimples, a shekarar 2012 kuma shi ne na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2012 ANA / Gabriel Okara Poetry Prize .  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Waƙoƙi === Okoro ya fitar da kundi uku: One More Mile, Call on Me (2008), [1] da Baby Kpurunu m Ishi .''Jariri Kunupur m Ishi.'' === Fim din === A shekara ta 2006, Okoro ta kafa Fidoko Films International . Tare da kamfanin, ya samar da fina-finai huɗu: Saved by Sin (2007), Peace of the Graveyard, Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration, da Paradisico . [1][2]''Aljanna.'' Fidelis Okoro ya kasance mai ibada ga Shaidun Jehobah.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya mutu daga cutar sankara a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2021. == Hotunan fina-finai == #''Saved by Sin (2007)'' #''Peace of the Graveyard'' #''Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration'' #''Paradisico'' == Littattafai == === Littattafai === *   *   === Waƙoƙi === *   *   === Wasanni === * ''Hikimar Ostrich'' (1998) *   * ''Farfesa Zemzi na Ƙarshe'' (2005) * ''Quagmire'' (2010) == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Authority control}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Nwabuisi |first=Benjamin Abia |date=December 2020 |title=When the Shell Refuses to Crack: Ambiguity as Structural Conduit in Fidelis Okoro's ''Cracking the Shell'' |url=http://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/WHEN%20THE%20SHELL%20REFUSES%20TO%20CRACK.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ejesu |first=Onyemuche Anele |date=December 2020 |title=Ideology and Revolution in Twenty-First Century Nigerian Poetry: The Examples of Odio Odeimun and Fidelis Okoro |url=https://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/IDEOLOGY%20AND%20REVOLUTION%20IN%20TWENTY.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} == Haɗin waje == * Fidelis Uchenna Okorowallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] j8nh1zvkuxzd43ptv5jz041b73buw70 892672 892658 2026-08-07T21:25:09Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Ilimi */ 892672 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} {{Reflist}}'''Fidelis Uchenna Okoro''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2021), wanda aka fi sani da Fidoko, mawaki ne na Najeriya, marubuci, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, [[mawaƙi]] da kuma furodusa. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], ya rubuta litattafai biyu, tarin shayari guda biyu, da wasanni biyar. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗu da tarin shayari, ya fitar da kundi uku, kuma ya samar da fina-finai huɗu. == Ilimi == Okoro ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] a cikin shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=February 1996 |title=Notes on the Contributors |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Okike-321.pdf |journal=Okike: An African Journal of New Writing |issue=32 |pages=130}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">independent source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == === Ilimi === Okoro ya shiga ma'aikatan koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya a watan Mayu 1997.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya kasance Babban malami a Sashen Nazarin Ingilishi da Littattafai a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]]. Littafin Okoro na uku mai tsawo shi ne littafin The Rape of Regina (2002), wanda Cracking the Shell ya biyo baya (2013). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umezurike |first=Gideon Uzoma |date=June 2017 |title=Redemptive Fantasy, Restoration and the Exigencies of Kleos and Nostos in F. U. Okoro's Cracking the Shell |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317342262 |journal=The Muse |volume=45}}</ref> An sanya Cracking the Shell a cikin jerin sunayen don kyautar ANA / Jacaranda Prose ta shekarar 2009. Okoro ya buga tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, When the Bleeding Heart Breaks, a cikin shekara ta 2006. Tarin ya zama na farko da ya zo na biyu a she 2006 ANA / Cadbury Poetry Prize . An buga tarin sa na biyu, Pimples and Dimples, a shekarar 2012 kuma shi ne na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2012 ANA / Gabriel Okara Poetry Prize .  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Waƙoƙi === Okoro ya fitar da kundi uku: One More Mile, Call on Me (2008), [1] da Baby Kpurunu m Ishi .''Jariri Kunupur m Ishi.'' === Fim din === A shekara ta 2006, Okoro ta kafa Fidoko Films International . Tare da kamfanin, ya samar da fina-finai huɗu: Saved by Sin (2007), Peace of the Graveyard, Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration, da Paradisico . [1][2]''Aljanna.'' Fidelis Okoro ya kasance mai ibada ga Shaidun Jehobah.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya mutu daga cutar sankara a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2021. == Hotunan fina-finai == #''Saved by Sin (2007)'' #''Peace of the Graveyard'' #''Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration'' #''Paradisico'' == Littattafai == === Littattafai === *   *   === Waƙoƙi === *   *   === Wasanni === * ''Hikimar Ostrich'' (1998) *   * ''Farfesa Zemzi na Ƙarshe'' (2005) * ''Quagmire'' (2010) == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Authority control}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Nwabuisi |first=Benjamin Abia |date=December 2020 |title=When the Shell Refuses to Crack: Ambiguity as Structural Conduit in Fidelis Okoro's ''Cracking the Shell'' |url=http://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/WHEN%20THE%20SHELL%20REFUSES%20TO%20CRACK.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ejesu |first=Onyemuche Anele |date=December 2020 |title=Ideology and Revolution in Twenty-First Century Nigerian Poetry: The Examples of Odio Odeimun and Fidelis Okoro |url=https://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/IDEOLOGY%20AND%20REVOLUTION%20IN%20TWENTY.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} == Haɗin waje == * Fidelis Uchenna Okorowallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] fg65o1ua5t4u8vk1ito03bgm7ehu0lp 892675 892672 2026-08-07T21:25:24Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Ilimi */ 892675 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} {{Reflist}}'''Fidelis Uchenna Okoro''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2021), wanda aka fi sani da Fidoko, mawaki ne na Najeriya, marubuci, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, [[mawaƙi]] da kuma furodusa. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], ya rubuta litattafai biyu, tarin shayari guda biyu, da wasanni biyar. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗu da tarin shayari, ya fitar da kundi uku, kuma ya samar da fina-finai huɗu. == Ilimi == Okoro ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] a cikin shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=February 1996 |title=Notes on the Contributors |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Okike-321.pdf |journal=Okike: An African Journal of New Writing |issue=32 |pages=130}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">independent source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == === Ilimi === Okoro ya shiga ma'aikatan koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya a watan Mayu 1997.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya kasance Babban malami a Sashen Nazarin Ingilishi da Littattafai a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]]. Littafin Okoro na uku mai tsawo shi ne littafin The Rape of Regina (2002), wanda Cracking the Shell ya biyo baya (2013). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umezurike |first=Gideon Uzoma |date=June 2017 |title=Redemptive Fantasy, Restoration and the Exigencies of Kleos and Nostos in F. U. Okoro's Cracking the Shell |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317342262 |journal=The Muse |volume=45}}</ref> An sanya Cracking the Shell a cikin jerin sunayen don kyautar ANA / Jacaranda Prose ta shekarar 2009. Okoro ya buga tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, When the Bleeding Heart Breaks, a cikin shekara ta 2006. Tarin ya zama na farko da ya zo na biyu a shekarata 2006 ANA / Cadbury Poetry Prize . An buga tarin sa na biyu, Pimples and Dimples, a shekarar 2012 kuma shi ne na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2012 ANA / Gabriel Okara Poetry Prize .  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Waƙoƙi === Okoro ya fitar da kundi uku: One More Mile, Call on Me (2008), [1] da Baby Kpurunu m Ishi .''Jariri Kunupur m Ishi.'' === Fim din === A shekara ta 2006, Okoro ta kafa Fidoko Films International . Tare da kamfanin, ya samar da fina-finai huɗu: Saved by Sin (2007), Peace of the Graveyard, Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration, da Paradisico . [1][2]''Aljanna.'' Fidelis Okoro ya kasance mai ibada ga Shaidun Jehobah.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya mutu daga cutar sankara a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2021. == Hotunan fina-finai == #''Saved by Sin (2007)'' #''Peace of the Graveyard'' #''Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration'' #''Paradisico'' == Littattafai == === Littattafai === *   *   === Waƙoƙi === *   *   === Wasanni === * ''Hikimar Ostrich'' (1998) *   * ''Farfesa Zemzi na Ƙarshe'' (2005) * ''Quagmire'' (2010) == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Authority control}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Nwabuisi |first=Benjamin Abia |date=December 2020 |title=When the Shell Refuses to Crack: Ambiguity as Structural Conduit in Fidelis Okoro's ''Cracking the Shell'' |url=http://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/WHEN%20THE%20SHELL%20REFUSES%20TO%20CRACK.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ejesu |first=Onyemuche Anele |date=December 2020 |title=Ideology and Revolution in Twenty-First Century Nigerian Poetry: The Examples of Odio Odeimun and Fidelis Okoro |url=https://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/IDEOLOGY%20AND%20REVOLUTION%20IN%20TWENTY.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} == Haɗin waje == * Fidelis Uchenna Okorowallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] 3znmm2lrekku7g3kymcqzpz3nnkwx78 892685 892675 2026-08-07T21:37:55Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Fim din */ 892685 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} {{Reflist}}'''Fidelis Uchenna Okoro''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2021), wanda aka fi sani da Fidoko, mawaki ne na Najeriya, marubuci, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, [[mawaƙi]] da kuma furodusa. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], ya rubuta litattafai biyu, tarin shayari guda biyu, da wasanni biyar. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗu da tarin shayari, ya fitar da kundi uku, kuma ya samar da fina-finai huɗu. == Ilimi == Okoro ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] a cikin shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=February 1996 |title=Notes on the Contributors |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Okike-321.pdf |journal=Okike: An African Journal of New Writing |issue=32 |pages=130}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">independent source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == === Ilimi === Okoro ya shiga ma'aikatan koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya a watan Mayu 1997.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya kasance Babban malami a Sashen Nazarin Ingilishi da Littattafai a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]]. Littafin Okoro na uku mai tsawo shi ne littafin The Rape of Regina (2002), wanda Cracking the Shell ya biyo baya (2013). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umezurike |first=Gideon Uzoma |date=June 2017 |title=Redemptive Fantasy, Restoration and the Exigencies of Kleos and Nostos in F. U. Okoro's Cracking the Shell |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317342262 |journal=The Muse |volume=45}}</ref> An sanya Cracking the Shell a cikin jerin sunayen don kyautar ANA / Jacaranda Prose ta shekarar 2009. Okoro ya buga tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, When the Bleeding Heart Breaks, a cikin shekara ta 2006. Tarin ya zama na farko da ya zo na biyu a shekarata 2006 ANA / Cadbury Poetry Prize . An buga tarin sa na biyu, Pimples and Dimples, a shekarar 2012 kuma shi ne na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2012 ANA / Gabriel Okara Poetry Prize .  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Waƙoƙi === Okoro ya fitar da kundi uku: One More Mile, Call on Me (2008), [1] da Baby Kpurunu m Ishi .''Jariri Kunupur m Ishi.'' === Fim din === A shekara ta 2006, Okoro ta kafa Fidoko Films International . Tare da kamfanin, ya samar da fina-finai huɗu: Saved by Sin (2007), Peace of the Graveyard, Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration, da Paradisico . [1][2]''Aljanna.'' Fidelis Okoro ya kasance mai ibada ga Shaidun Jehobah.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya mutu daga cutar sankara a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, 2021. == Hotunan fina-finai == #''Saved by Sin (2007)'' #''Peace of the Graveyard'' #''Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration'' #''Paradisico'' == Littattafai == === Littattafai === *   *   === Waƙoƙi === *   *   === Wasanni === * ''Hikimar Ostrich'' (1998) *   * ''Farfesa Zemzi na Ƙarshe'' (2005) * ''Quagmire'' (2010) == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Authority control}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Nwabuisi |first=Benjamin Abia |date=December 2020 |title=When the Shell Refuses to Crack: Ambiguity as Structural Conduit in Fidelis Okoro's ''Cracking the Shell'' |url=http://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/WHEN%20THE%20SHELL%20REFUSES%20TO%20CRACK.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ejesu |first=Onyemuche Anele |date=December 2020 |title=Ideology and Revolution in Twenty-First Century Nigerian Poetry: The Examples of Odio Odeimun and Fidelis Okoro |url=https://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/IDEOLOGY%20AND%20REVOLUTION%20IN%20TWENTY.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} == Haɗin waje == * Fidelis Uchenna Okorowallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] euwpovpz3y6hclaryj4h7xhs1hj4i6c 892686 892685 2026-08-07T21:38:22Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Fim din */ 892686 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} {{Reflist}}'''Fidelis Uchenna Okoro''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2021), wanda aka fi sani da Fidoko, mawaki ne na Najeriya, marubuci, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, [[mawaƙi]] da kuma furodusa. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], ya rubuta litattafai biyu, tarin shayari guda biyu, da wasanni biyar. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗu da tarin shayari, ya fitar da kundi uku, kuma ya samar da fina-finai huɗu. == Ilimi == Okoro ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] a cikin shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=February 1996 |title=Notes on the Contributors |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Okike-321.pdf |journal=Okike: An African Journal of New Writing |issue=32 |pages=130}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">independent source needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == === Ilimi === Okoro ya shiga ma'aikatan koyarwa na Jami'ar Najeriya a watan Mayu 1997.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya kasance Babban malami a Sashen Nazarin Ingilishi da Littattafai a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]]. Littafin Okoro na uku mai tsawo shi ne littafin The Rape of Regina (2002), wanda Cracking the Shell ya biyo baya (2013). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umezurike |first=Gideon Uzoma |date=June 2017 |title=Redemptive Fantasy, Restoration and the Exigencies of Kleos and Nostos in F. U. Okoro's Cracking the Shell |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317342262 |journal=The Muse |volume=45}}</ref> An sanya Cracking the Shell a cikin jerin sunayen don kyautar ANA / Jacaranda Prose ta shekarar 2009. Okoro ya buga tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, When the Bleeding Heart Breaks, a cikin shekara ta 2006. Tarin ya zama na farko da ya zo na biyu a shekarata 2006 ANA / Cadbury Poetry Prize . An buga tarin sa na biyu, Pimples and Dimples, a shekarar 2012 kuma shi ne na farko da ya zo na biyu a 2012 ANA / Gabriel Okara Poetry Prize .  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Waƙoƙi === Okoro ya fitar da kundi uku: One More Mile, Call on Me (2008), [1] da Baby Kpurunu m Ishi .''Jariri Kunupur m Ishi.'' === Fim din === A shekara ta 2006, Okoro ta kafa Fidoko Films International . Tare da kamfanin, ya samar da fina-finai huɗu: Saved by Sin (2007), Peace of the Graveyard, Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration, da Paradisico . [1][2]''Aljanna.'' Fidelis Okoro ya kasance mai ibada ga Shaidun Jehobah.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}Ya mutu daga cutar sankara a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, a shekarar 2021. == Hotunan fina-finai == #''Saved by Sin (2007)'' #''Peace of the Graveyard'' #''Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration'' #''Paradisico'' == Littattafai == === Littattafai === *   *   === Waƙoƙi === *   *   === Wasanni === * ''Hikimar Ostrich'' (1998) *   * ''Farfesa Zemzi na Ƙarshe'' (2005) * ''Quagmire'' (2010) == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Authority control}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Nwabuisi |first=Benjamin Abia |date=December 2020 |title=When the Shell Refuses to Crack: Ambiguity as Structural Conduit in Fidelis Okoro's ''Cracking the Shell'' |url=http://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/WHEN%20THE%20SHELL%20REFUSES%20TO%20CRACK.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ejesu |first=Onyemuche Anele |date=December 2020 |title=Ideology and Revolution in Twenty-First Century Nigerian Poetry: The Examples of Odio Odeimun and Fidelis Okoro |url=https://guofoundationonline.com.ng/ogbazuluobodo/admin/img/paper/IDEOLOGY%20AND%20REVOLUTION%20IN%20TWENTY.pdf |journal=Ogbazuluobodo: University of Nigeria Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies |volume=2 |issue=1}} == Haɗin waje == * Fidelis Uchenna Okorowallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] l7lyc7b9rbd0k4j1v2lgu4lk5198l0h 0 125629 892738 755026 2026-08-08T05:48:12Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 892738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Vienna''' tsohon gida ne da aka lissafa a matsayin tarihi, yanzu haka gidan tarihi ne a lamba 38–40 Alexandra Street, Hunters Hill a karamar hukumar Hunter's Hill ta New South Wales, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]]. An gina shi a shekarar 1871 kuma an san shi da '''Curan Curan''', '''Carrum Carrum''', '''Subiaco''' da '''Vienna Cottage.''' Gidan mallakar National Trust of Australia (NSW) ne. An ƙara shi cikin Rijistar Gado ta Jihar New South Wales a ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 1999. == Tarihi == === Tarihin 'yan asalin ƙasar === === Tarihin Tudun Hunters === A lokacin da Turawa suka haɗu, yankin daji na Kelly yana da zama a cikin Ƙungiyar Wal Umedegal, waɗanda ke magana da yaren Guringai. Suna rayuwa ne musamman a kan kifi da kifin shellfish, suna ƙara musu abincinsu idan ya cancanta da kayan lambu, marsupials, tsuntsaye da tsutsotsi. Haka kuma ana yawan ganinsu suna harba tarkacen don sauƙaƙe shiga cikin daji da kuma farautar dabbobin da ke fitowa daga teku. Ba a san komai game da tsarin zamantakewa da imaninsu na addini ba. Kyaftin John Hunter (1737–1821) na Sirius ya yi wa tashar jiragen ruwa ta [[Sydney]] Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Sydney a shekarar 1788. A ranar 28 ga Janairu 1788, ya rubuta a cikin mujallarsa: "Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan isowa da jiragen ruwa a Port Jackson, na tashi da jirgin ruwa mai hawa shida da ƙaramin jirgin ruwa, da nufin yin bincike mai kyau game da tashar jiragen ruwa kamar yadda yanayi zai iya nunawa: Na taimaka wa Mr Bradley, laftanar na farko, Mr Keltie, maigidan, da kuma wani matashin mutum a cikin jirgin ruwa (mai kula da jirgin ruwa Henry Waterhouse)." Taswirar Hunter mai kyau ta nuna sautuka masu zurfi 30 a kusa da yankin da ke da iyaka da Kogin Parramatta da Lane Cove . Hunter ya kasance Gwamnan Yankin daga 1795 zuwa 1800. Ana tunawa da shi da sunan Hunters Hill. A shekara ta 1855, an fara wani shiri na gina gidaje guda huɗu na Swiss Cottages da aka riga aka gina a Hunters Hill. A wannan lokacin, Hunters Hill wani yanki ne na Faransa, inda gidan jakadan Faransa yake a "Passy", kuma mazan Faransa ne suka gina yawancin gininsa na farko. An tallata gidajen da aka riga aka gina a matsayin "gidaje huɗu masu kyau na iyali, suna tsaye a cikin nasu fili, kowannensu yana da fadin eka 1," tare da "itace da ruwa mai yawa."[1] [2] A cikin nazarinta kan Hunter Hill, Beverley Sherry ta lura cewa wannan shine rukunin gidaje na farko da aka tsara da za a gina a cikin gundumar, wanda ke nuna farkon yanayin unguwar lambu na tsohuwar unguwar lambu ta Ostiraliya. Tsarin yanki da kuma ginin unguwar lambu ya faru ne a tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na sha tara, kafin kafa ƙungiyar Garden Suburb. Ci gaban tarihi a Hunters Hill ya kasance mai hasashe akai-akai, kodayake an yi wasu ƙananan hukumomi don samar da gidaje ga 'yan uwa. == Manazarta == <ref>Sherry/Hunters Hill Historical Society, 2011, 15.</ref> em35fua72w9nyorvpixn5fnlsw2t50h 0 125923 892927 822104 2026-08-08T10:45:47Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elizabeth Johnston Evans Johnston''' (May 3, 1851 – December 20, 1934) was an American philanthropist, social worker, and clubwoman. She served as president of the board of control of the Alabama boys industrial school, and was the vice-regent of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association from [[Alabama]]. In 1981, Johnston was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Elizabeth Johnston (sunayen lakabi, "Johnsie" ko "Lizzie") An kuma haifi Evans a ranar 3 ga Mayun shekarar 1851, a Greensboro, North Carolina . Iyayenta sune Peter Gustavus da Anne Eliza (Morehead) Evans, waɗanda ke zaune a New Bern, North Carolina, kyaftin din kamfanin sojan doki na sa kai, kuma daga baya kwamandan rundunar sojan dangi ta 63 ta Arewacin Carolina, Sojojin Tarayyar Amurka. Ta kasance jikokin Peter da Nancy (Johnston) Evans, na Misira, North Carolina, da kuma John Motley da Anne Eliza (Lindsay) Morehead, na Greensboro . Ta fito ne daga Juduthun Harper, wanda ya yi aiki a majalisa ta mulkin mallaka kuma jami'i ne a cikin Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin . Wani kakan shi ne Karenhappuck-Norman Turner, sanannen ma'aikacin jinya wanda ke da 'ya'ya maza bakwai a cikin Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin, wanda ya hau doki daga gidanta a [[Maryland]] zuwa Guilford, North Carolina, ya isa can bayan yakin Guilford Court House, kuma ya ceci rayuwar Colonel Forbes da ɗaya daga cikin' ya'yanta maza, kuma don nuna godiya ga ayyukanta na kishin kasa a duk wannan lokacin, an gina wani abin tunawa da ita a filin yaƙi na Guilford (yanzu, Guilford Kotun Sojojin Kasa na Guilforth National Military Park). 'Yan uwan Johnston sune: Smith (an haife shi a shekara ta 1847), Evans (an haifee a shekara ta 1852), Evans (an shekara ta 1853), Louise (an haifi a shekara ta 1804), Evans (an mutu a shekara ta 1850), da tagwayen John da Peter (an haifu a shekara ta 1867). <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> Johnston ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Mata ta Charlotte (yanzu, Jami'ar Queens ta Charlotte), [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina]] . == Ayyuka == Bayan ta koma Birmingham, Alabama a shekarar 1887, tare da mijinta da 'ya'yanta, ta shiga cikin ayyukan jama'a, ilimi da taimakon jama'a na wannan birni. Bayan ya gabatar da bukatar makarantar sake fasalin ga yara maza masu laifi ga Alabama Federation of Women's Clubs, Johnston ya sami goyon baya daga wannan kungiya don aikin majalisa, kuma an sanya shi shugaban kwamitin majalisa, an ba shi izinin matsawa da aiwatar da doka a lokacin zaman 1898-99, yin amfani, ba da sashi, da kuma ƙirƙirar kwamitin kula da zai kunshi mata bakwai, gwamnan, babban lauya, da sakataren noma. Ta cimma burinta, kuma lokacin da aka shirya kwamitin a cikin 1900, an zabe ta shugabanta kuma ta rike wannan mukamin na tsawon shekaru 34, har zuwa mutuwarta a shekara ta 1934. <ref name="Thomas2020" /> Makarantar ta kasance a East Lake. Wannan shi ne kwamitin farko na Jihar a Alabama wanda aka hada da mata. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar mai mulki ga kungiyar mata ta Mount Vernon na shekaru da yawa. A wannan rawar, ta sami kuma ta ba wa ƙungiyar takobi wanda ya kasance na Janar George Washington, wanda 'ya'yanta maza suka gabatar da ita a cikin sunanta; sofa wanda asalinsa ya kasance a Dutsen Vernon; sash wanda aka ɗauke Janar Edward Braddock daga fagen yaƙi, wanda ya ba mataimakinsa, Col. George Washington, kuma wanda aka gani; kyautar gado wanda dangin Martha Washington ya yi; da kyautar gadon sansanin da Janar Washington ya yi amfani da shi a cikin kamfen dinsa.[1] Fiye da shekaru 25, Johnston ta kasance shugabar kungiyar Highland Book Club, kungiyar da ta shirya.<ref name="Flynt2004" /> Shekaru 15, ita, tare da mijinta da Julia Tutwiler, ta yi hidima ga jin daɗin ruhaniya na fursunoni a ciki da kusa da Birmingham, tana koyarwa a makarantun Lahadi na kurkuku, musamman ga waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci waɗanda suka yi aiki a sansanin masu laifi na Pratt Coal Mine. == Rayuwar Sirri == Mafi yawan lokacinta, tun 1915, an ciyar da ita a gonar apple, kusa da Winchester, Virginia. Ta kuma sami gidan bazara a Port Dover, Ontario . Ta kasance 'yar Democrat kuma 'yar Presbyterian. A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1871, a Greensboro, North Carolina, ta auri Robert Daniel Johnston . Yaran su sune: Louisa (an haife shi a shekara ta 1872), Gordon (an haifee shi a shekara de 1874), Robert Daniel Jr. (an haifi shi a shekara d 1877), Nancy (an haifu shi a shekara ya 1881), Lizzie (an haifa a shekara ta 1884), Evans (an haif shi a shekara a shekara ta 1865), Eugenia (an haifaa a shekara ta 1888), Ewart (an haihu shi a shekara wa 1889), Letitia (an haifin shekara ta 1896), da Gerald.<ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB "Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin Holland's: The Magazine of the South (volume 50, Fabrairu 1931), Mary Johnston Avery ta wallafa wani ɗan gajeren tarihin rayuwa, "Southern Personalities - Johnsie Evans Johnston".<ref name="Hollands1931">{{Cite journal |date=1931 |title=Contents |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kEP2Wig5bvIC&q=evans+johnston+Johnsie |journal=Holland's: The Magazine of the South |language=en |publisher=Texas farm and ranch Publishing Company |page=90 |access-date=29 November 2023}}</ref> == Mutuwa da gado == Elizabeth Johnston Evans Johnston ta mutu a Birmingham, Alabama, a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1934. <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB "Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Interment ya kasance a Kabari na Elmwood na wannan birni. Ana gudanar da takardunta a ɗakin karatu na shugaban kasa na George Washington a Dutsen Vernon . <ref name="mountvernonorg">{{Cite web |title=Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934 {{!}} The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon ArchivesSpace |url=https://archives.mountvernon.org/agents/people/827 |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=archives.mountvernon.org}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * 1931, fitacciyar mace ta shekara, Birmingham News Loving Cup * 1981, Gidan shahararrun Mata na Alabama <ref name="AWHF">{{Cite web |title=Alabama Women's Hall of Fame - Elizabeth Johnston |url=http://www.awhf.org/johnston.html |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.awhf.org}}</ref><ref name="AWHForg">{{Cite web |title=Alabama Women's Hall of Fame Alphabetical List of Inductees |url=http://www.awhf.org/alphalist.html |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.awhf.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] peoomp5q516zmzhwueu7gdpyxffv5fh 892928 892927 2026-08-08T10:46:15Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elizabeth Johnston Evans Johnston''' (May 3, 1851 – December 20, 1934) was an American philanthropist, social worker, and clubwoman. She served as president of the board of control of the Alabama boys industrial school, and was the vice-regent of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association from [[Alabama]]. In 1981, Johnston was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Elizabeth Johnston (sunayen lakabi, "Johnsie" ko "Lizzie") An kuma haifi Evans a ranar 3 ga Mayun shekarar 1851, a Greensboro, North Carolina . Iyayenta sune Peter Gustavus da Anne Eliza (Morehead) Evans, waɗanda ke zaune a New Bern, North Carolina, kyaftin din kamfanin sojan doki na sa kai, kuma daga baya kwamandan rundunar sojan dangi ta 63 ta Arewacin Carolina, Sojojin Tarayyar Amurka. Ta kuma kasance jikokin Peter da Nancy (Johnston) Evans, na Misira, North Carolina, da kuma John Motley da Anne Eliza (Lindsay) Morehead, na Greensboro . Ta fito ne daga Juduthun Harper, wanda ya yi aiki a majalisa ta mulkin mallaka kuma jami'i ne a cikin Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin . Wani kakan shi ne Karenhappuck-Norman Turner, sanannen ma'aikacin jinya wanda ke da 'ya'ya maza bakwai a cikin Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin, wanda ya hau doki daga gidanta a [[Maryland]] zuwa Guilford, North Carolina, ya isa can bayan yakin Guilford Court House, kuma ya ceci rayuwar Colonel Forbes da ɗaya daga cikin' ya'yanta maza, kuma don nuna godiya ga ayyukanta na kishin kasa a duk wannan lokacin, an gina wani abin tunawa da ita a filin yaƙi na Guilford (yanzu, Guilford Kotun Sojojin Kasa na Guilforth National Military Park). 'Yan uwan Johnston sune: Smith (an haife shi a shekara ta 1847), Evans (an haifee a shekara ta 1852), Evans (an shekara ta 1853), Louise (an haifi a shekara ta 1804), Evans (an mutu a shekara ta 1850), da tagwayen John da Peter (an haifu a shekara ta 1867). <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> Johnston ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Mata ta Charlotte (yanzu, Jami'ar Queens ta Charlotte), [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina]] . == Ayyuka == Bayan ta koma Birmingham, Alabama a shekarar 1887, tare da mijinta da 'ya'yanta, ta shiga cikin ayyukan jama'a, ilimi da taimakon jama'a na wannan birni. Bayan ya gabatar da bukatar makarantar sake fasalin ga yara maza masu laifi ga Alabama Federation of Women's Clubs, Johnston ya sami goyon baya daga wannan kungiya don aikin majalisa, kuma an sanya shi shugaban kwamitin majalisa, an ba shi izinin matsawa da aiwatar da doka a lokacin zaman 1898-99, yin amfani, ba da sashi, da kuma ƙirƙirar kwamitin kula da zai kunshi mata bakwai, gwamnan, babban lauya, da sakataren noma. Ta cimma burinta, kuma lokacin da aka shirya kwamitin a cikin 1900, an zabe ta shugabanta kuma ta rike wannan mukamin na tsawon shekaru 34, har zuwa mutuwarta a shekara ta 1934. <ref name="Thomas2020" /> Makarantar ta kasance a East Lake. Wannan shi ne kwamitin farko na Jihar a Alabama wanda aka hada da mata. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar mai mulki ga kungiyar mata ta Mount Vernon na shekaru da yawa. A wannan rawar, ta sami kuma ta ba wa ƙungiyar takobi wanda ya kasance na Janar George Washington, wanda 'ya'yanta maza suka gabatar da ita a cikin sunanta; sofa wanda asalinsa ya kasance a Dutsen Vernon; sash wanda aka ɗauke Janar Edward Braddock daga fagen yaƙi, wanda ya ba mataimakinsa, Col. George Washington, kuma wanda aka gani; kyautar gado wanda dangin Martha Washington ya yi; da kyautar gadon sansanin da Janar Washington ya yi amfani da shi a cikin kamfen dinsa.[1] Fiye da shekaru 25, Johnston ta kasance shugabar kungiyar Highland Book Club, kungiyar da ta shirya.<ref name="Flynt2004" /> Shekaru 15, ita, tare da mijinta da Julia Tutwiler, ta yi hidima ga jin daɗin ruhaniya na fursunoni a ciki da kusa da Birmingham, tana koyarwa a makarantun Lahadi na kurkuku, musamman ga waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci waɗanda suka yi aiki a sansanin masu laifi na Pratt Coal Mine. == Rayuwar Sirri == Mafi yawan lokacinta, tun 1915, an ciyar da ita a gonar apple, kusa da Winchester, Virginia. Ta kuma sami gidan bazara a Port Dover, Ontario . Ta kasance 'yar Democrat kuma 'yar Presbyterian. A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1871, a Greensboro, North Carolina, ta auri Robert Daniel Johnston . Yaran su sune: Louisa (an haife shi a shekara ta 1872), Gordon (an haifee shi a shekara de 1874), Robert Daniel Jr. (an haifi shi a shekara d 1877), Nancy (an haifu shi a shekara ya 1881), Lizzie (an haifa a shekara ta 1884), Evans (an haif shi a shekara a shekara ta 1865), Eugenia (an haifaa a shekara ta 1888), Ewart (an haihu shi a shekara wa 1889), Letitia (an haifin shekara ta 1896), da Gerald.<ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB "Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin Holland's: The Magazine of the South (volume 50, Fabrairu 1931), Mary Johnston Avery ta wallafa wani ɗan gajeren tarihin rayuwa, "Southern Personalities - Johnsie Evans Johnston".<ref name="Hollands1931">{{Cite journal |date=1931 |title=Contents |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kEP2Wig5bvIC&q=evans+johnston+Johnsie |journal=Holland's: The Magazine of the South |language=en |publisher=Texas farm and ranch Publishing Company |page=90 |access-date=29 November 2023}}</ref> == Mutuwa da gado == Elizabeth Johnston Evans Johnston ta mutu a Birmingham, Alabama, a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1934. <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB "Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Interment ya kasance a Kabari na Elmwood na wannan birni. Ana gudanar da takardunta a ɗakin karatu na shugaban kasa na George Washington a Dutsen Vernon . <ref name="mountvernonorg">{{Cite web |title=Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934 {{!}} The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon ArchivesSpace |url=https://archives.mountvernon.org/agents/people/827 |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=archives.mountvernon.org}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * 1931, fitacciyar mace ta shekara, Birmingham News Loving Cup * 1981, Gidan shahararrun Mata na Alabama <ref name="AWHF">{{Cite web |title=Alabama Women's Hall of Fame - Elizabeth Johnston |url=http://www.awhf.org/johnston.html |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.awhf.org}}</ref><ref name="AWHForg">{{Cite web |title=Alabama Women's Hall of Fame Alphabetical List of Inductees |url=http://www.awhf.org/alphalist.html |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.awhf.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l5yjvkpy46qvjrngilkdkq1x4keijd2 892929 892928 2026-08-08T10:47:01Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elizabeth Johnston Evans Johnston''' (May 3, 1851 – December 20, 1934) was an American philanthropist, social worker, and clubwoman. She served as president of the board of control of the Alabama boys industrial school, and was the vice-regent of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association from [[Alabama]]. In 1981, Johnston was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Elizabeth Johnston (sunayen lakabi, "Johnsie" ko "Lizzie") An kuma haifi Evans a ranar 3 ga Mayun shekarar 1851, a Greensboro, North Carolina . Iyayenta sune Peter Gustavus da Anne Eliza (Morehead) Evans, waɗanda ke zaune a New Bern, North Carolina, kyaftin din kamfanin sojan doki na sa kai, kuma daga baya kwamandan rundunar sojan dangi ta 63 ta Arewacin Carolina, Sojojin Tarayyar Amurka. Ta kuma kasance jikokin Peter da Nancy (Johnston) Evans, na Misira, North Carolina, da kuma John Motley da Anne Eliza (Lindsay) Morehead, na Greensboro . Ta fito ne daga Juduthun Harper, wanda kuma ya yi aiki a majalisa ta mulkin mallaka kuma jami'i ne a cikin Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin . Wani kakan shi ne Karenhappuck-Norman Turner, sanannen ma'aikacin jinya wanda ke da 'ya'ya maza bakwai a cikin Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin, wanda ya hau doki daga gidanta a [[Maryland]] zuwa Guilford, North Carolina, ya isa can bayan yakin Guilford Court House, kuma ya ceci rayuwar Colonel Forbes da ɗaya daga cikin' ya'yanta maza, kuma don nuna godiya ga ayyukanta na kishin kasa a duk wannan lokacin, an gina wani abin tunawa da ita a filin yaƙi na Guilford (yanzu, Guilford Kotun Sojojin Kasa na Guilforth National Military Park). 'Yan uwan Johnston sune: Smith (an haife shi a shekara ta 1847), Evans (an haifee a shekara ta 1852), Evans (an shekara ta 1853), Louise (an haifi a shekara ta 1804), Evans (an mutu a shekara ta 1850), da tagwayen John da Peter (an haifu a shekara ta 1867). <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> Johnston ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Mata ta Charlotte (yanzu, Jami'ar Queens ta Charlotte), [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina]] . == Ayyuka == Bayan ta koma Birmingham, Alabama a shekarar 1887, tare da mijinta da 'ya'yanta, ta shiga cikin ayyukan jama'a, ilimi da taimakon jama'a na wannan birni. Bayan ya gabatar da bukatar makarantar sake fasalin ga yara maza masu laifi ga Alabama Federation of Women's Clubs, Johnston ya sami goyon baya daga wannan kungiya don aikin majalisa, kuma an sanya shi shugaban kwamitin majalisa, an ba shi izinin matsawa da aiwatar da doka a lokacin zaman 1898-99, yin amfani, ba da sashi, da kuma ƙirƙirar kwamitin kula da zai kunshi mata bakwai, gwamnan, babban lauya, da sakataren noma. Ta cimma burinta, kuma lokacin da aka shirya kwamitin a cikin 1900, an zabe ta shugabanta kuma ta rike wannan mukamin na tsawon shekaru 34, har zuwa mutuwarta a shekara ta 1934. <ref name="Thomas2020" /> Makarantar ta kasance a East Lake. Wannan shi ne kwamitin farko na Jihar a Alabama wanda aka hada da mata. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar mai mulki ga kungiyar mata ta Mount Vernon na shekaru da yawa. A wannan rawar, ta sami kuma ta ba wa ƙungiyar takobi wanda ya kasance na Janar George Washington, wanda 'ya'yanta maza suka gabatar da ita a cikin sunanta; sofa wanda asalinsa ya kasance a Dutsen Vernon; sash wanda aka ɗauke Janar Edward Braddock daga fagen yaƙi, wanda ya ba mataimakinsa, Col. George Washington, kuma wanda aka gani; kyautar gado wanda dangin Martha Washington ya yi; da kyautar gadon sansanin da Janar Washington ya yi amfani da shi a cikin kamfen dinsa.[1] Fiye da shekaru 25, Johnston ta kasance shugabar kungiyar Highland Book Club, kungiyar da ta shirya.<ref name="Flynt2004" /> Shekaru 15, ita, tare da mijinta da Julia Tutwiler, ta yi hidima ga jin daɗin ruhaniya na fursunoni a ciki da kusa da Birmingham, tana koyarwa a makarantun Lahadi na kurkuku, musamman ga waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci waɗanda suka yi aiki a sansanin masu laifi na Pratt Coal Mine. == Rayuwar Sirri == Mafi yawan lokacinta, tun 1915, an ciyar da ita a gonar apple, kusa da Winchester, Virginia. Ta kuma sami gidan bazara a Port Dover, Ontario . Ta kasance 'yar Democrat kuma 'yar Presbyterian. A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1871, a Greensboro, North Carolina, ta auri Robert Daniel Johnston . Yaran su sune: Louisa (an haife shi a shekara ta 1872), Gordon (an haifee shi a shekara de 1874), Robert Daniel Jr. (an haifi shi a shekara d 1877), Nancy (an haifu shi a shekara ya 1881), Lizzie (an haifa a shekara ta 1884), Evans (an haif shi a shekara a shekara ta 1865), Eugenia (an haifaa a shekara ta 1888), Ewart (an haihu shi a shekara wa 1889), Letitia (an haifin shekara ta 1896), da Gerald.<ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB "Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin Holland's: The Magazine of the South (volume 50, Fabrairu 1931), Mary Johnston Avery ta wallafa wani ɗan gajeren tarihin rayuwa, "Southern Personalities - Johnsie Evans Johnston".<ref name="Hollands1931">{{Cite journal |date=1931 |title=Contents |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kEP2Wig5bvIC&q=evans+johnston+Johnsie |journal=Holland's: The Magazine of the South |language=en |publisher=Texas farm and ranch Publishing Company |page=90 |access-date=29 November 2023}}</ref> == Mutuwa da gado == Elizabeth Johnston Evans Johnston ta mutu a Birmingham, Alabama, a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1934. <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB "Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Interment ya kasance a Kabari na Elmwood na wannan birni. Ana gudanar da takardunta a ɗakin karatu na shugaban kasa na George Washington a Dutsen Vernon . <ref name="mountvernonorg">{{Cite web |title=Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934 {{!}} The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon ArchivesSpace |url=https://archives.mountvernon.org/agents/people/827 |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=archives.mountvernon.org}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * 1931, fitacciyar mace ta shekara, Birmingham News Loving Cup * 1981, Gidan shahararrun Mata na Alabama <ref name="AWHF">{{Cite web |title=Alabama Women's Hall of Fame - Elizabeth Johnston |url=http://www.awhf.org/johnston.html |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.awhf.org}}</ref><ref name="AWHForg">{{Cite web |title=Alabama Women's Hall of Fame Alphabetical List of Inductees |url=http://www.awhf.org/alphalist.html |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.awhf.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ca1jdudl2xdaew082ly8c37nbug5qww 892930 892929 2026-08-08T10:47:29Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elizabeth Johnston Evans Johnston''' (May 3, 1851 – December 20, 1934) was an American philanthropist, social worker, and clubwoman. She served as president of the board of control of the Alabama boys industrial school, and was the vice-regent of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association from [[Alabama]]. In 1981, Johnston was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Elizabeth Johnston (sunayen lakabi, "Johnsie" ko "Lizzie") An kuma haifi Evans a ranar 3 ga Mayun shekarar 1851, a Greensboro, North Carolina . Iyayenta sune Peter Gustavus da Anne Eliza (Morehead) Evans, waɗanda ke zaune a New Bern, North Carolina, kyaftin din kamfanin sojan doki na sa kai, kuma daga baya kwamandan rundunar sojan dangi ta 63 ta Arewacin Carolina, Sojojin Tarayyar Amurka. Ta kuma kasance jikokin Peter da Nancy (Johnston) Evans, na Misira, North Carolina, da kuma John Motley da Anne Eliza (Lindsay) Morehead, na Greensboro . Ta fito ne daga Juduthun Harper, wanda kuma ya yi aiki a majalisa ta mulkin mallaka kuma jami'i ne a cikin Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin . Wani kakan shi ne Karenhappuck-Norman Turner, sanannen ma'aikacin jinya wanda ke da 'ya'ya maza bakwai a cikin Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin, wanda ya hau doki daga gidanta a [[Maryland]] zuwa Guilford, North Carolina, ya isa can bayan yakin Guilford Court House, kuma ya ceci rayuwar Colonel Forbes da ɗaya daga cikin' ya'yanta maza, kuma don nuna godiya ga ayyukanta na kishin kasa a duk wannan lokacin, an gina wani abin tunawa da ita a filin yaƙi na Guilford (yanzu, Guilford Kotun Sojojin Kasa na Guilforth National Military Park). 'Yan uwan Johnston sune: Smith (an haife shi a shekara ta 1847), Evans (an haifee a shekara ta 1852), Evans (an shekara ta 1853), Louise (an haifi a shekara ta 1804), Evans (an mutu a shekara ta 1850), da tagwayen John da Peter (an haifu a shekara ta 1867). <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> Johnston ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Mata ta Charlotte (yanzu, Jami'ar Queens ta Charlotte), [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina]] . == Ayyuka == Bayan ta koma Birmingham, Alabama a shekarar 1887, tare da mijinta da 'ya'yanta, ta shiga cikin ayyukan jama'a, ilimi da taimakon jama'a na wannan birni. Bayan ya gabatar da bukatar makarantar sake fasalin ga yara maza masu laifi ga Alabama Federation of Women's Clubs, Johnston ya sami goyon baya daga wannan ƙungiya don aikin majalisa, kuma an sanya shi shugaban kwamitin majalisa, an ba shi izinin matsawa da aiwatar da doka a lokacin zaman 1898-99, yin amfani, ba da sashi, da kuma ƙirƙirar kwamitin kula da zai kunshi mata bakwai, gwamnan, babban lauya, da sakataren noma. Ta cimma burinta, kuma lokacin da aka shirya kwamitin a cikin 1900, an zabe ta shugabanta kuma ta rike wannan mukamin na tsawon shekaru 34, har zuwa mutuwarta a shekara ta 1934. <ref name="Thomas2020" /> Makarantar ta kasance a East Lake. Wannan shi ne kwamitin farko na Jihar a Alabama wanda aka hada da mata. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar mai mulki ga kungiyar mata ta Mount Vernon na shekaru da yawa. A wannan rawar, ta sami kuma ta ba wa ƙungiyar takobi wanda ya kasance na Janar George Washington, wanda 'ya'yanta maza suka gabatar da ita a cikin sunanta; sofa wanda asalinsa ya kasance a Dutsen Vernon; sash wanda aka ɗauke Janar Edward Braddock daga fagen yaƙi, wanda ya ba mataimakinsa, Col. George Washington, kuma wanda aka gani; kyautar gado wanda dangin Martha Washington ya yi; da kyautar gadon sansanin da Janar Washington ya yi amfani da shi a cikin kamfen dinsa.[1] Fiye da shekaru 25, Johnston ta kasance shugabar kungiyar Highland Book Club, kungiyar da ta shirya.<ref name="Flynt2004" /> Shekaru 15, ita, tare da mijinta da Julia Tutwiler, ta yi hidima ga jin daɗin ruhaniya na fursunoni a ciki da kusa da Birmingham, tana koyarwa a makarantun Lahadi na kurkuku, musamman ga waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci waɗanda suka yi aiki a sansanin masu laifi na Pratt Coal Mine. == Rayuwar Sirri == Mafi yawan lokacinta, tun 1915, an ciyar da ita a gonar apple, kusa da Winchester, Virginia. Ta kuma sami gidan bazara a Port Dover, Ontario . Ta kasance 'yar Democrat kuma 'yar Presbyterian. A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1871, a Greensboro, North Carolina, ta auri Robert Daniel Johnston . Yaran su sune: Louisa (an haife shi a shekara ta 1872), Gordon (an haifee shi a shekara de 1874), Robert Daniel Jr. (an haifi shi a shekara d 1877), Nancy (an haifu shi a shekara ya 1881), Lizzie (an haifa a shekara ta 1884), Evans (an haif shi a shekara a shekara ta 1865), Eugenia (an haifaa a shekara ta 1888), Ewart (an haihu shi a shekara wa 1889), Letitia (an haifin shekara ta 1896), da Gerald.<ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB "Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin Holland's: The Magazine of the South (volume 50, Fabrairu 1931), Mary Johnston Avery ta wallafa wani ɗan gajeren tarihin rayuwa, "Southern Personalities - Johnsie Evans Johnston".<ref name="Hollands1931">{{Cite journal |date=1931 |title=Contents |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kEP2Wig5bvIC&q=evans+johnston+Johnsie |journal=Holland's: The Magazine of the South |language=en |publisher=Texas farm and ranch Publishing Company |page=90 |access-date=29 November 2023}}</ref> == Mutuwa da gado == Elizabeth Johnston Evans Johnston ta mutu a Birmingham, Alabama, a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1934. <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB "Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Interment ya kasance a Kabari na Elmwood na wannan birni. Ana gudanar da takardunta a ɗakin karatu na shugaban kasa na George Washington a Dutsen Vernon . <ref name="mountvernonorg">{{Cite web |title=Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934 {{!}} The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon ArchivesSpace |url=https://archives.mountvernon.org/agents/people/827 |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=archives.mountvernon.org}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * 1931, fitacciyar mace ta shekara, Birmingham News Loving Cup * 1981, Gidan shahararrun Mata na Alabama <ref name="AWHF">{{Cite web |title=Alabama Women's Hall of Fame - Elizabeth Johnston |url=http://www.awhf.org/johnston.html |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.awhf.org}}</ref><ref name="AWHForg">{{Cite web |title=Alabama Women's Hall of Fame Alphabetical List of Inductees |url=http://www.awhf.org/alphalist.html |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.awhf.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] evf5cnbyqzydmxi824flx0h4kkqf7ye 892931 892930 2026-08-08T10:47:43Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elizabeth Johnston Evans Johnston''' (May 3, 1851 – December 20, 1934) was an American philanthropist, social worker, and clubwoman. She served as president of the board of control of the Alabama boys industrial school, and was the vice-regent of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association from [[Alabama]]. In 1981, Johnston was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Elizabeth Johnston (sunayen lakabi, "Johnsie" ko "Lizzie") An kuma haifi Evans a ranar 3 ga Mayun shekarar 1851, a Greensboro, North Carolina . Iyayenta sune Peter Gustavus da Anne Eliza (Morehead) Evans, waɗanda ke zaune a New Bern, North Carolina, kyaftin din kamfanin sojan doki na sa kai, kuma daga baya kwamandan rundunar sojan dangi ta 63 ta Arewacin Carolina, Sojojin Tarayyar Amurka. Ta kuma kasance jikokin Peter da Nancy (Johnston) Evans, na Misira, North Carolina, da kuma John Motley da Anne Eliza (Lindsay) Morehead, na Greensboro . Ta fito ne daga Juduthun Harper, wanda kuma ya yi aiki a majalisa ta mulkin mallaka kuma jami'i ne a cikin Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin . Wani kakan shi ne Karenhappuck-Norman Turner, sanannen ma'aikacin jinya wanda ke da 'ya'ya maza bakwai a cikin Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin, wanda ya hau doki daga gidanta a [[Maryland]] zuwa Guilford, North Carolina, ya isa can bayan yakin Guilford Court House, kuma ya ceci rayuwar Colonel Forbes da ɗaya daga cikin' ya'yanta maza, kuma don nuna godiya ga ayyukanta na kishin kasa a duk wannan lokacin, an gina wani abin tunawa da ita a filin yaƙi na Guilford (yanzu, Guilford Kotun Sojojin Kasa na Guilforth National Military Park). 'Yan uwan Johnston sune: Smith (an haife shi a shekara ta 1847), Evans (an haifee a shekara ta 1852), Evans (an shekara ta 1853), Louise (an haifi a shekara ta 1804), Evans (an mutu a shekara ta 1850), da tagwayen John da Peter (an haifu a shekara ta 1867). <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> Johnston ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Mata ta Charlotte (yanzu, Jami'ar Queens ta Charlotte), [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina]] . == Ayyuka == Bayan ta koma Birmingham, Alabama a shekarar 1887, tare da mijinta da 'ya'yanta, ta shiga cikin ayyukan jama'a, ilimi da taimakon jama'a na wannan birni. Bayan ya gabatar da bukatar makarantar sake fasalin ga yara maza masu laifi ga Alabama Federation of Women's Clubs, Johnston ya sami goyon baya daga wannan ƙungiya don aikin majalisa, kuma an sanya shi shugaban kwamitin majalisa, an ba shi izinin matsawa da aiwatar da doka a lokacin zaman 1898-99, yin amfani, ba da sashi, da kuma ƙirƙirar kwamitin kula da zai kunshi mata bakwai, gwamnan, babban lauya, da sakataren noma. Ta cimma burinta, kuma lokacin da aka shirya kwamitin a cikin 1900, an zabe ta shugabanta kuma ta rike wannan mukamin na tsawon shekaru 34, har zuwa mutuwarta a shekara ta 1934. <ref name="Thomas2020" /> Makarantar ta kasance a East Lake. Wannan shi ne kwamitin farko na Jihar a Alabama wanda aka hada da mata. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar mai mulki ga kungiyar mata ta Mount Vernon na shekaru da yawa. A wannan rawar, ta sami kuma ta ba wa ƙungiyar takobi wanda ya kasance na Janar George Washington, wanda 'ya'yanta maza suka gabatar da ita a cikin sunanta; sofa wanda asalinsa ya kasance a Dutsen Vernon; sash wanda aka ɗauke Janar Edward Braddock daga fagen yaƙi, wanda ya ba mataimakinsa, Col. George Washington, kuma wanda aka gani; kyautar gado wanda dangin Martha Washington ya yi; da kyautar gadon sansanin da Janar Washington ya yi amfani da shi a cikin kamfen dinsa.[1] Fiye da shekaru 25, Johnston ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar Highland Book Club, kungiyar da ta shirya.<ref name="Flynt2004" /> Shekaru 15, ita, tare da mijinta da Julia Tutwiler, ta yi hidima ga jin daɗin ruhaniya na fursunoni a ciki da kusa da Birmingham, tana koyarwa a makarantun Lahadi na kurkuku, musamman ga waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci waɗanda suka yi aiki a sansanin masu laifi na Pratt Coal Mine. == Rayuwar Sirri == Mafi yawan lokacinta, tun 1915, an ciyar da ita a gonar apple, kusa da Winchester, Virginia. Ta kuma sami gidan bazara a Port Dover, Ontario . Ta kasance 'yar Democrat kuma 'yar Presbyterian. A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1871, a Greensboro, North Carolina, ta auri Robert Daniel Johnston . Yaran su sune: Louisa (an haife shi a shekara ta 1872), Gordon (an haifee shi a shekara de 1874), Robert Daniel Jr. (an haifi shi a shekara d 1877), Nancy (an haifu shi a shekara ya 1881), Lizzie (an haifa a shekara ta 1884), Evans (an haif shi a shekara a shekara ta 1865), Eugenia (an haifaa a shekara ta 1888), Ewart (an haihu shi a shekara wa 1889), Letitia (an haifin shekara ta 1896), da Gerald.<ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB "Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin Holland's: The Magazine of the South (volume 50, Fabrairu 1931), Mary Johnston Avery ta wallafa wani ɗan gajeren tarihin rayuwa, "Southern Personalities - Johnsie Evans Johnston".<ref name="Hollands1931">{{Cite journal |date=1931 |title=Contents |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kEP2Wig5bvIC&q=evans+johnston+Johnsie |journal=Holland's: The Magazine of the South |language=en |publisher=Texas farm and ranch Publishing Company |page=90 |access-date=29 November 2023}}</ref> == Mutuwa da gado == Elizabeth Johnston Evans Johnston ta mutu a Birmingham, Alabama, a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1934. <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB "Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Interment ya kasance a Kabari na Elmwood na wannan birni. Ana gudanar da takardunta a ɗakin karatu na shugaban kasa na George Washington a Dutsen Vernon . <ref name="mountvernonorg">{{Cite web |title=Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934 {{!}} The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon ArchivesSpace |url=https://archives.mountvernon.org/agents/people/827 |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=archives.mountvernon.org}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * 1931, fitacciyar mace ta shekara, Birmingham News Loving Cup * 1981, Gidan shahararrun Mata na Alabama <ref name="AWHF">{{Cite web |title=Alabama Women's Hall of Fame - Elizabeth Johnston |url=http://www.awhf.org/johnston.html |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.awhf.org}}</ref><ref name="AWHForg">{{Cite web |title=Alabama Women's Hall of Fame Alphabetical List of Inductees |url=http://www.awhf.org/alphalist.html |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.awhf.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6weuqqpqp6vypoyau2t9e4qghn1h8kt 892932 892931 2026-08-08T10:47:54Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elizabeth Johnston Evans Johnston''' (May 3, 1851 – December 20, 1934) was an American philanthropist, social worker, and clubwoman. She served as president of the board of control of the Alabama boys industrial school, and was the vice-regent of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association from [[Alabama]]. In 1981, Johnston was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Elizabeth Johnston (sunayen lakabi, "Johnsie" ko "Lizzie") An kuma haifi Evans a ranar 3 ga Mayun shekarar 1851, a Greensboro, North Carolina . Iyayenta sune Peter Gustavus da Anne Eliza (Morehead) Evans, waɗanda ke zaune a New Bern, North Carolina, kyaftin din kamfanin sojan doki na sa kai, kuma daga baya kwamandan rundunar sojan dangi ta 63 ta Arewacin Carolina, Sojojin Tarayyar Amurka. Ta kuma kasance jikokin Peter da Nancy (Johnston) Evans, na Misira, North Carolina, da kuma John Motley da Anne Eliza (Lindsay) Morehead, na Greensboro . Ta fito ne daga Juduthun Harper, wanda kuma ya yi aiki a majalisa ta mulkin mallaka kuma jami'i ne a cikin Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin . Wani kakan shi ne Karenhappuck-Norman Turner, sanannen ma'aikacin jinya wanda ke da 'ya'ya maza bakwai a cikin Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin, wanda ya hau doki daga gidanta a [[Maryland]] zuwa Guilford, North Carolina, ya isa can bayan yakin Guilford Court House, kuma ya ceci rayuwar Colonel Forbes da ɗaya daga cikin' ya'yanta maza, kuma don nuna godiya ga ayyukanta na kishin kasa a duk wannan lokacin, an gina wani abin tunawa da ita a filin yaƙi na Guilford (yanzu, Guilford Kotun Sojojin Kasa na Guilforth National Military Park). 'Yan uwan Johnston sune: Smith (an haife shi a shekara ta 1847), Evans (an haifee a shekara ta 1852), Evans (an shekara ta 1853), Louise (an haifi a shekara ta 1804), Evans (an mutu a shekara ta 1850), da tagwayen John da Peter (an haifu a shekara ta 1867). <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> Johnston ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Mata ta Charlotte (yanzu, Jami'ar Queens ta Charlotte), [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina]] . == Ayyuka == Bayan ta koma Birmingham, Alabama a shekarar 1887, tare da mijinta da 'ya'yanta, ta shiga cikin ayyukan jama'a, ilimi da taimakon jama'a na wannan birni. Bayan ya gabatar da bukatar makarantar sake fasalin ga yara maza masu laifi ga Alabama Federation of Women's Clubs, Johnston ya sami goyon baya daga wannan ƙungiya don aikin majalisa, kuma an sanya shi shugaban kwamitin majalisa, an ba shi izinin matsawa da aiwatar da doka a lokacin zaman 1898-99, yin amfani, ba da sashi, da kuma ƙirƙirar kwamitin kula da zai kunshi mata bakwai, gwamnan, babban lauya, da sakataren noma. Ta cimma burinta, kuma lokacin da aka shirya kwamitin a cikin 1900, an zabe ta shugabanta kuma ta rike wannan mukamin na tsawon shekaru 34, har zuwa mutuwarta a shekara ta 1934. <ref name="Thomas2020" /> Makarantar ta kasance a East Lake. Wannan shi ne kwamitin farko na Jihar a Alabama wanda aka hada da mata. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar mai mulki ga kungiyar mata ta Mount Vernon na shekaru da yawa. A wannan rawar, ta sami kuma ta ba wa ƙungiyar takobi wanda ya kasance na Janar George Washington, wanda 'ya'yanta maza suka gabatar da ita a cikin sunanta; sofa wanda asalinsa ya kasance a Dutsen Vernon; sash wanda aka ɗauke Janar Edward Braddock daga fagen yaƙi, wanda ya ba mataimakinsa, Col. George Washington, kuma wanda aka gani; kyautar gado wanda dangin Martha Washington ya yi; da kyautar gadon sansanin da Janar Washington ya yi amfani da shi a cikin kamfen dinsa.[1] Fiye da shekaru 25, Johnston ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar Highland Book Club, kungiyar da ta shirya.<ref name="Flynt2004" /> Shekaru 15, ita, tare da mijinta da Julia Tutwiler, ta yi hidima ga jin daɗin ruhaniya na fursunoni a ciki da kusa da Birmingham, tana koyarwa a makarantun Lahadi na kurkuku, musamman ga waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci waɗanda suka yi aiki a sansanin masu laifi na Pratt Coal Mine. == Rayuwar Sirri == Mafi yawan lokacinta, tun a shekarar 1915, an ciyar da ita a gonar apple, kusa da Winchester, Virginia. Ta kuma sami gidan bazara a Port Dover, Ontario . Ta kasance 'yar Democrat kuma 'yar Presbyterian. A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1871, a Greensboro, North Carolina, ta auri Robert Daniel Johnston . Yaran su sune: Louisa (an haife shi a shekara ta 1872), Gordon (an haifee shi a shekara de 1874), Robert Daniel Jr. (an haifi shi a shekara d 1877), Nancy (an haifu shi a shekara ya 1881), Lizzie (an haifa a shekara ta 1884), Evans (an haif shi a shekara a shekara ta 1865), Eugenia (an haifaa a shekara ta 1888), Ewart (an haihu shi a shekara wa 1889), Letitia (an haifin shekara ta 1896), da Gerald.<ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB "Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin Holland's: The Magazine of the South (volume 50, Fabrairu 1931), Mary Johnston Avery ta wallafa wani ɗan gajeren tarihin rayuwa, "Southern Personalities - Johnsie Evans Johnston".<ref name="Hollands1931">{{Cite journal |date=1931 |title=Contents |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kEP2Wig5bvIC&q=evans+johnston+Johnsie |journal=Holland's: The Magazine of the South |language=en |publisher=Texas farm and ranch Publishing Company |page=90 |access-date=29 November 2023}}</ref> == Mutuwa da gado == Elizabeth Johnston Evans Johnston ta mutu a Birmingham, Alabama, a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1934. <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB "Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Interment ya kasance a Kabari na Elmwood na wannan birni. Ana gudanar da takardunta a ɗakin karatu na shugaban kasa na George Washington a Dutsen Vernon . <ref name="mountvernonorg">{{Cite web |title=Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934 {{!}} The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon ArchivesSpace |url=https://archives.mountvernon.org/agents/people/827 |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=archives.mountvernon.org}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * 1931, fitacciyar mace ta shekara, Birmingham News Loving Cup * 1981, Gidan shahararrun Mata na Alabama <ref name="AWHF">{{Cite web |title=Alabama Women's Hall of Fame - Elizabeth Johnston |url=http://www.awhf.org/johnston.html |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.awhf.org}}</ref><ref name="AWHForg">{{Cite web |title=Alabama Women's Hall of Fame Alphabetical List of Inductees |url=http://www.awhf.org/alphalist.html |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.awhf.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5u19zs1hdybobi9itet48foe5iokujp 892933 892932 2026-08-08T10:48:10Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elizabeth Johnston Evans Johnston''' (May 3, 1851 – December 20, 1934) was an American philanthropist, social worker, and clubwoman. She served as president of the board of control of the Alabama boys industrial school, and was the vice-regent of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association from [[Alabama]]. In 1981, Johnston was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Elizabeth Johnston (sunayen lakabi, "Johnsie" ko "Lizzie") An kuma haifi Evans a ranar 3 ga Mayun shekarar 1851, a Greensboro, North Carolina . Iyayenta sune Peter Gustavus da Anne Eliza (Morehead) Evans, waɗanda ke zaune a New Bern, North Carolina, kyaftin din kamfanin sojan doki na sa kai, kuma daga baya kwamandan rundunar sojan dangi ta 63 ta Arewacin Carolina, Sojojin Tarayyar Amurka. Ta kuma kasance jikokin Peter da Nancy (Johnston) Evans, na Misira, North Carolina, da kuma John Motley da Anne Eliza (Lindsay) Morehead, na Greensboro . Ta fito ne daga Juduthun Harper, wanda kuma ya yi aiki a majalisa ta mulkin mallaka kuma jami'i ne a cikin Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin . Wani kakan shi ne Karenhappuck-Norman Turner, sanannen ma'aikacin jinya wanda ke da 'ya'ya maza bakwai a cikin Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin, wanda ya hau doki daga gidanta a [[Maryland]] zuwa Guilford, North Carolina, ya isa can bayan yakin Guilford Court House, kuma ya ceci rayuwar Colonel Forbes da ɗaya daga cikin' ya'yanta maza, kuma don nuna godiya ga ayyukanta na kishin kasa a duk wannan lokacin, an gina wani abin tunawa da ita a filin yaƙi na Guilford (yanzu, Guilford Kotun Sojojin Kasa na Guilforth National Military Park). 'Yan uwan Johnston sune: Smith (an haife shi a shekara ta 1847), Evans (an haifee a shekara ta 1852), Evans (an shekara ta 1853), Louise (an haifi a shekara ta 1804), Evans (an mutu a shekara ta 1850), da tagwayen John da Peter (an haifu a shekara ta 1867). <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> Johnston ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Mata ta Charlotte (yanzu, Jami'ar Queens ta Charlotte), [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina]] . == Ayyuka == Bayan ta koma Birmingham, Alabama a shekarar 1887, tare da mijinta da 'ya'yanta, ta shiga cikin ayyukan jama'a, ilimi da taimakon jama'a na wannan birni. Bayan ya gabatar da bukatar makarantar sake fasalin ga yara maza masu laifi ga Alabama Federation of Women's Clubs, Johnston ya sami goyon baya daga wannan ƙungiya don aikin majalisa, kuma an sanya shi shugaban kwamitin majalisa, an ba shi izinin matsawa da aiwatar da doka a lokacin zaman 1898-99, yin amfani, ba da sashi, da kuma ƙirƙirar kwamitin kula da zai kunshi mata bakwai, gwamnan, babban lauya, da sakataren noma. Ta cimma burinta, kuma lokacin da aka shirya kwamitin a cikin 1900, an zabe ta shugabanta kuma ta rike wannan mukamin na tsawon shekaru 34, har zuwa mutuwarta a shekara ta 1934. <ref name="Thomas2020" /> Makarantar ta kasance a East Lake. Wannan shi ne kwamitin farko na Jihar a Alabama wanda aka hada da mata. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar mai mulki ga kungiyar mata ta Mount Vernon na shekaru da yawa. A wannan rawar, ta sami kuma ta ba wa ƙungiyar takobi wanda ya kasance na Janar George Washington, wanda 'ya'yanta maza suka gabatar da ita a cikin sunanta; sofa wanda asalinsa ya kasance a Dutsen Vernon; sash wanda aka ɗauke Janar Edward Braddock daga fagen yaƙi, wanda ya ba mataimakinsa, Col. George Washington, kuma wanda aka gani; kyautar gado wanda dangin Martha Washington ya yi; da kyautar gadon sansanin da Janar Washington ya yi amfani da shi a cikin kamfen dinsa.[1] Fiye da shekaru 25, Johnston ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar Highland Book Club, kungiyar da ta shirya.<ref name="Flynt2004" /> Shekaru 15, ita, tare da mijinta da Julia Tutwiler, ta yi hidima ga jin daɗin ruhaniya na fursunoni a ciki da kusa da Birmingham, tana koyarwa a makarantun Lahadi na kurkuku, musamman ga waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci waɗanda suka yi aiki a sansanin masu laifi na Pratt Coal Mine. == Rayuwar Sirri == Mafi yawan lokacinta, tun a shekarar 1915, an ciyar da ita a gonar apple, kusa da Winchester, Virginia. Ta kuma sami gidan bazara a Port Dover, Ontario . Ta kasance ƴar Democrat kuma 'yar Presbyterian. A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1871, a Greensboro, North Carolina, ta auri Robert Daniel Johnston . Yaran su sune: Louisa (an haife shi a shekara ta 1872), Gordon (an haifee shi a shekara de 1874), Robert Daniel Jr. (an haifi shi a shekara d 1877), Nancy (an haifu shi a shekara ya 1881), Lizzie (an haifa a shekara ta 1884), Evans (an haif shi a shekara a shekara ta 1865), Eugenia (an haifaa a shekara ta 1888), Ewart (an haihu shi a shekara wa 1889), Letitia (an haifin shekara ta 1896), da Gerald.<ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB "Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin Holland's: The Magazine of the South (volume 50, Fabrairu 1931), Mary Johnston Avery ta wallafa wani ɗan gajeren tarihin rayuwa, "Southern Personalities - Johnsie Evans Johnston".<ref name="Hollands1931">{{Cite journal |date=1931 |title=Contents |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kEP2Wig5bvIC&q=evans+johnston+Johnsie |journal=Holland's: The Magazine of the South |language=en |publisher=Texas farm and ranch Publishing Company |page=90 |access-date=29 November 2023}}</ref> == Mutuwa da gado == Elizabeth Johnston Evans Johnston ta mutu a Birmingham, Alabama, a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1934. <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB "Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Interment ya kasance a Kabari na Elmwood na wannan birni. Ana gudanar da takardunta a ɗakin karatu na shugaban kasa na George Washington a Dutsen Vernon . <ref name="mountvernonorg">{{Cite web |title=Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934 {{!}} The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon ArchivesSpace |url=https://archives.mountvernon.org/agents/people/827 |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=archives.mountvernon.org}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * 1931, fitacciyar mace ta shekara, Birmingham News Loving Cup * 1981, Gidan shahararrun Mata na Alabama <ref name="AWHF">{{Cite web |title=Alabama Women's Hall of Fame - Elizabeth Johnston |url=http://www.awhf.org/johnston.html |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.awhf.org}}</ref><ref name="AWHForg">{{Cite web |title=Alabama Women's Hall of Fame Alphabetical List of Inductees |url=http://www.awhf.org/alphalist.html |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.awhf.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ckspxe73dlka6e7euekl6sporp04y3u 892934 892933 2026-08-08T10:48:26Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elizabeth Johnston Evans Johnston''' (May 3, 1851 – December 20, 1934) was an American philanthropist, social worker, and clubwoman. She served as president of the board of control of the Alabama boys industrial school, and was the vice-regent of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association from [[Alabama]]. In 1981, Johnston was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Elizabeth Johnston (sunayen lakabi, "Johnsie" ko "Lizzie") An kuma haifi Evans a ranar 3 ga Mayun shekarar 1851, a Greensboro, North Carolina . Iyayenta sune Peter Gustavus da Anne Eliza (Morehead) Evans, waɗanda ke zaune a New Bern, North Carolina, kyaftin din kamfanin sojan doki na sa kai, kuma daga baya kwamandan rundunar sojan dangi ta 63 ta Arewacin Carolina, Sojojin Tarayyar Amurka. Ta kuma kasance jikokin Peter da Nancy (Johnston) Evans, na Misira, North Carolina, da kuma John Motley da Anne Eliza (Lindsay) Morehead, na Greensboro . Ta fito ne daga Juduthun Harper, wanda kuma ya yi aiki a majalisa ta mulkin mallaka kuma jami'i ne a cikin Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin . Wani kakan shi ne Karenhappuck-Norman Turner, sanannen ma'aikacin jinya wanda ke da 'ya'ya maza bakwai a cikin Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin, wanda ya hau doki daga gidanta a [[Maryland]] zuwa Guilford, North Carolina, ya isa can bayan yakin Guilford Court House, kuma ya ceci rayuwar Colonel Forbes da ɗaya daga cikin' ya'yanta maza, kuma don nuna godiya ga ayyukanta na kishin kasa a duk wannan lokacin, an gina wani abin tunawa da ita a filin yaƙi na Guilford (yanzu, Guilford Kotun Sojojin Kasa na Guilforth National Military Park). 'Yan uwan Johnston sune: Smith (an haife shi a shekara ta 1847), Evans (an haifee a shekara ta 1852), Evans (an shekara ta 1853), Louise (an haifi a shekara ta 1804), Evans (an mutu a shekara ta 1850), da tagwayen John da Peter (an haifu a shekara ta 1867). <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> Johnston ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Mata ta Charlotte (yanzu, Jami'ar Queens ta Charlotte), [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina]] . == Ayyuka == Bayan ta koma Birmingham, Alabama a shekarar 1887, tare da mijinta da 'ya'yanta, ta shiga cikin ayyukan jama'a, ilimi da taimakon jama'a na wannan birni. Bayan ya gabatar da bukatar makarantar sake fasalin ga yara maza masu laifi ga Alabama Federation of Women's Clubs, Johnston ya sami goyon baya daga wannan ƙungiya don aikin majalisa, kuma an sanya shi shugaban kwamitin majalisa, an ba shi izinin matsawa da aiwatar da doka a lokacin zaman 1898-99, yin amfani, ba da sashi, da kuma ƙirƙirar kwamitin kula da zai kunshi mata bakwai, gwamnan, babban lauya, da sakataren noma. Ta cimma burinta, kuma lokacin da aka shirya kwamitin a cikin 1900, an zabe ta shugabanta kuma ta rike wannan mukamin na tsawon shekaru 34, har zuwa mutuwarta a shekara ta 1934. <ref name="Thomas2020" /> Makarantar ta kasance a East Lake. Wannan shi ne kwamitin farko na Jihar a Alabama wanda aka hada da mata. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar mai mulki ga kungiyar mata ta Mount Vernon na shekaru da yawa. A wannan rawar, ta sami kuma ta ba wa ƙungiyar takobi wanda ya kasance na Janar George Washington, wanda 'ya'yanta maza suka gabatar da ita a cikin sunanta; sofa wanda asalinsa ya kasance a Dutsen Vernon; sash wanda aka ɗauke Janar Edward Braddock daga fagen yaƙi, wanda ya ba mataimakinsa, Col. George Washington, kuma wanda aka gani; kyautar gado wanda dangin Martha Washington ya yi; da kyautar gadon sansanin da Janar Washington ya yi amfani da shi a cikin kamfen dinsa.[1] Fiye da shekaru 25, Johnston ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar Highland Book Club, kungiyar da ta shirya.<ref name="Flynt2004" /> Shekaru 15, ita, tare da mijinta da Julia Tutwiler, ta yi hidima ga jin daɗin ruhaniya na fursunoni a ciki da kusa da Birmingham, tana koyarwa a makarantun Lahadi na kurkuku, musamman ga waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci waɗanda suka yi aiki a sansanin masu laifi na Pratt Coal Mine. == Rayuwar Sirri == Mafi yawan lokacinta, tun a shekarar 1915, an ciyar da ita a gonar apple, kusa da Winchester, Virginia. Ta kuma sami gidan bazara a Port Dover, Ontario . Ta kasance ƴar Democrat kuma ƴar Presbyterian. A ranar 1 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1871, a Greensboro, North Carolina, ta auri Robert Daniel Johnston . Yaran su sune: Louisa (an haife shi a shekara ta 1872), Gordon (an haifee shi a shekara de 1874), Robert Daniel Jr. (an haifi shi a shekara d 1877), Nancy (an haifu shi a shekara ya 1881), Lizzie (an haifa a shekara ta 1884), Evans (an haif shi a shekara a shekara ta 1865), Eugenia (an haifaa a shekara ta 1888), Ewart (an haihu shi a shekara wa 1889), Letitia (an haifin shekara ta 1896), da Gerald.<ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB "Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin Holland's: The Magazine of the South (volume 50, Fabrairu 1931), Mary Johnston Avery ta wallafa wani ɗan gajeren tarihin rayuwa, "Southern Personalities - Johnsie Evans Johnston".<ref name="Hollands1931">{{Cite journal |date=1931 |title=Contents |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kEP2Wig5bvIC&q=evans+johnston+Johnsie |journal=Holland's: The Magazine of the South |language=en |publisher=Texas farm and ranch Publishing Company |page=90 |access-date=29 November 2023}}</ref> == Mutuwa da gado == Elizabeth Johnston Evans Johnston ta mutu a Birmingham, Alabama, a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1934. <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB "Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Interment ya kasance a Kabari na Elmwood na wannan birni. Ana gudanar da takardunta a ɗakin karatu na shugaban kasa na George Washington a Dutsen Vernon . <ref name="mountvernonorg">{{Cite web |title=Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934 {{!}} The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon ArchivesSpace |url=https://archives.mountvernon.org/agents/people/827 |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=archives.mountvernon.org}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * 1931, fitacciyar mace ta shekara, Birmingham News Loving Cup * 1981, Gidan shahararrun Mata na Alabama <ref name="AWHF">{{Cite web |title=Alabama Women's Hall of Fame - Elizabeth Johnston |url=http://www.awhf.org/johnston.html |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.awhf.org}}</ref><ref name="AWHForg">{{Cite web |title=Alabama Women's Hall of Fame Alphabetical List of Inductees |url=http://www.awhf.org/alphalist.html |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.awhf.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] inwlq9idvt2shidd113i0lcsfhjkulh 892935 892934 2026-08-08T10:48:42Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elizabeth Johnston Evans Johnston''' (May 3, 1851 – December 20, 1934) was an American philanthropist, social worker, and clubwoman. She served as president of the board of control of the Alabama boys industrial school, and was the vice-regent of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association from [[Alabama]]. In 1981, Johnston was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Elizabeth Johnston (sunayen lakabi, "Johnsie" ko "Lizzie") An kuma haifi Evans a ranar 3 ga Mayun shekarar 1851, a Greensboro, North Carolina . Iyayenta sune Peter Gustavus da Anne Eliza (Morehead) Evans, waɗanda ke zaune a New Bern, North Carolina, kyaftin din kamfanin sojan doki na sa kai, kuma daga baya kwamandan rundunar sojan dangi ta 63 ta Arewacin Carolina, Sojojin Tarayyar Amurka. Ta kuma kasance jikokin Peter da Nancy (Johnston) Evans, na Misira, North Carolina, da kuma John Motley da Anne Eliza (Lindsay) Morehead, na Greensboro . Ta fito ne daga Juduthun Harper, wanda kuma ya yi aiki a majalisa ta mulkin mallaka kuma jami'i ne a cikin Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin . Wani kakan shi ne Karenhappuck-Norman Turner, sanannen ma'aikacin jinya wanda ke da 'ya'ya maza bakwai a cikin Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin, wanda ya hau doki daga gidanta a [[Maryland]] zuwa Guilford, North Carolina, ya isa can bayan yakin Guilford Court House, kuma ya ceci rayuwar Colonel Forbes da ɗaya daga cikin' ya'yanta maza, kuma don nuna godiya ga ayyukanta na kishin kasa a duk wannan lokacin, an gina wani abin tunawa da ita a filin yaƙi na Guilford (yanzu, Guilford Kotun Sojojin Kasa na Guilforth National Military Park). 'Yan uwan Johnston sune: Smith (an haife shi a shekara ta 1847), Evans (an haifee a shekara ta 1852), Evans (an shekara ta 1853), Louise (an haifi a shekara ta 1804), Evans (an mutu a shekara ta 1850), da tagwayen John da Peter (an haifu a shekara ta 1867). <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> Johnston ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Mata ta Charlotte (yanzu, Jami'ar Queens ta Charlotte), [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina]] . == Ayyuka == Bayan ta koma Birmingham, Alabama a shekarar 1887, tare da mijinta da 'ya'yanta, ta shiga cikin ayyukan jama'a, ilimi da taimakon jama'a na wannan birni. Bayan ya gabatar da bukatar makarantar sake fasalin ga yara maza masu laifi ga Alabama Federation of Women's Clubs, Johnston ya sami goyon baya daga wannan ƙungiya don aikin majalisa, kuma an sanya shi shugaban kwamitin majalisa, an ba shi izinin matsawa da aiwatar da doka a lokacin zaman 1898-99, yin amfani, ba da sashi, da kuma ƙirƙirar kwamitin kula da zai kunshi mata bakwai, gwamnan, babban lauya, da sakataren noma. Ta cimma burinta, kuma lokacin da aka shirya kwamitin a cikin 1900, an zabe ta shugabanta kuma ta rike wannan mukamin na tsawon shekaru 34, har zuwa mutuwarta a shekara ta 1934. <ref name="Thomas2020" /> Makarantar ta kasance a East Lake. Wannan shi ne kwamitin farko na Jihar a Alabama wanda aka hada da mata. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar mai mulki ga kungiyar mata ta Mount Vernon na shekaru da yawa. A wannan rawar, ta sami kuma ta ba wa ƙungiyar takobi wanda ya kasance na Janar George Washington, wanda 'ya'yanta maza suka gabatar da ita a cikin sunanta; sofa wanda asalinsa ya kasance a Dutsen Vernon; sash wanda aka ɗauke Janar Edward Braddock daga fagen yaƙi, wanda ya ba mataimakinsa, Col. George Washington, kuma wanda aka gani; kyautar gado wanda dangin Martha Washington ya yi; da kyautar gadon sansanin da Janar Washington ya yi amfani da shi a cikin kamfen dinsa.[1] Fiye da shekaru 25, Johnston ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar Highland Book Club, kungiyar da ta shirya.<ref name="Flynt2004" /> Shekaru 15, ita, tare da mijinta da Julia Tutwiler, ta yi hidima ga jin daɗin ruhaniya na fursunoni a ciki da kusa da Birmingham, tana koyarwa a makarantun Lahadi na kurkuku, musamman ga waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci waɗanda suka yi aiki a sansanin masu laifi na Pratt Coal Mine. == Rayuwar Sirri == Mafi yawan lokacinta, tun a shekarar 1915, an ciyar da ita a gonar apple, kusa da Winchester, Virginia. Ta kuma sami gidan bazara a Port Dover, Ontario . Ta kasance ƴar Democrat kuma ƴar Presbyterian. A ranar 1 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1871, a Greensboro, North Carolina, ta auri Robert Daniel Johnston . Yaran su sune: Louisa (an haife shi a shekara ta 1872), Gordon (an haifee shi a shekara de 1874), Robert Daniel Jr. (an haifi shi a shekara d 1877), Nancy (an haifu shi a shekara ya 1881), Lizzie (an haifa a shekara ta 1884), Evans (an haif shi a shekara a shekara ta 1865), Eugenia (an haifaa a shekara ta 1888), Ewart (an haihu shi a shekara wa 1889), Letitia (an haifin shekara ta 1896), da Gerald.<ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB "Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin Holland's: The Magazine of the South (volume 50, Fabrairu 1931), Mary Johnston Avery ta wallafa wani ɗan gajeren tarihin rayuwa, "Southern Personalities - Johnsie Evans Johnston".<ref name="Hollands1931">{{Cite journal |date=1931 |title=Contents |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kEP2Wig5bvIC&q=evans+johnston+Johnsie |journal=Holland's: The Magazine of the South |language=en |publisher=Texas farm and ranch Publishing Company |page=90 |access-date=29 November 2023}}</ref> == Mutuwa da gado == Elizabeth Johnston Evans Johnston ta mutu a Birmingham, Alabama, a ranar 20 ga Disamban shekarar 1934. <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/K631-NWB "Elizabeth Johnston "Jonsie" Evans Female 3 May 1851 – 20 December 1934"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Interment ya kasance a Kabari na Elmwood na wannan birni. Ana gudanar da takardunta a ɗakin karatu na shugaban kasa na George Washington a Dutsen Vernon . <ref name="mountvernonorg">{{Cite web |title=Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934 {{!}} The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon ArchivesSpace |url=https://archives.mountvernon.org/agents/people/827 |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=archives.mountvernon.org}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * 1931, fitacciyar mace ta shekara, Birmingham News Loving Cup * 1981, Gidan shahararrun Mata na Alabama <ref name="AWHF">{{Cite web |title=Alabama Women's Hall of Fame - Elizabeth Johnston |url=http://www.awhf.org/johnston.html |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.awhf.org}}</ref><ref name="AWHForg">{{Cite web |title=Alabama Women's Hall of Fame Alphabetical List of Inductees |url=http://www.awhf.org/alphalist.html |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=www.awhf.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 44mqaasgozz3mvhwqtc12ergil5jp8p 0 126590 892616 828584 2026-08-07T16:21:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:MarkEsho.jpg|right|thumb|Mark Esho a Leicester Mercury Sports Awards a watan Janairun 2008.]] '''Mark Abayomi Esho''' MBE (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Agustan shekara ta alif 1962) ɗan kasuwa ne na Burtaniya. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma mai haɗin gwiwar Easy Internet Services Ltd da Easy Internet Solutions Lt. <ref name="Online pioneer">{{Cite web |title=Online pioneer |url=https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/online-pioneer/story-12044801-detail/story.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327222930/https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/online-pioneer/story-12044801-detail/story.html |archive-date=27 March 2014 |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Leicester Mercury |ref=Online-Pioneer}}</ref> == Tarihi == An haifi Esho a Leicestershire a shekarar 1962. A lokacin da yake da shekaru biyar, ya kamu da cutar shan inna, ya bar shi gurgu daga wuyansa zuwa ƙasa.<ref name="I had to build people's trust without meeting them...">{{Cite web |last=Kitchener |first=Helen |title='I had to build people's trust without meeting them...' |url=https://www.easy-internet.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/markesho3.pdf |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Leicester Mercury |ref=Build-Trust }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Da farko an ba shi damar rayuwa ta kashi 10 cikin dari, amma daga ƙarshe ya sami damar sake samun iyakantaccen motsi.<ref name="About me">{{Cite web |last=Esho |first=Mark |title=About me |url=http://www.markesho.com/about-me/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=MarkEsho.com |ref=About-me}}</ref> Esho ya koma [[Najeriya]] yana da shekaru takwas don fara makarantar al'ada, kafin ya koma Leicester yana da shekaru 18. Daga baya ya kammala MBA a Jami'ar De Montfort . <ref name="About me"/> == Ayyukan kasuwanci == Esho ya yi aiki na shekaru bakwai a Leicester a matsayin Manajan Sabis na Mosaic, ƙungiyar agaji ta gida.<ref name="Online pioneer"/> Saboda gajiya mai tsanani da cutar shan inna ta haifar tun yana yaro, ya yanke shawarar fara kasuwancin kansa maimakon ci gaba da aiki tara zuwa biyar.<ref name="I had to build people's trust without meeting them..."/> Esho ya fara Houses-Online a cikin 1999, shafin yanar gizon lissafin dukiya.<ref name="I had to build people's trust without meeting them..."/> Aikin ya ƙare ba da daɗewa ba, kuma Esho ya fara kasuwanci na biyu a cikin 2000 a ƙarƙashin sunan Rank4U. A lokacin yana ɗaya daga cikin kamfanoni huɗu kawai na inganta injin bincike a Burtaniya, kuma yana ba da sabis ga abokan ciniki ciki har da [[The Guardian]] da The Co-operative Group . <ref name="Online pioneer"/> A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Esho ta haɓaka kamfanoni biyu a lokaci guda: Easy Internet Services (bincike engine optimization, yanzu a ƙarƙashin sunan 123 Ranking) <ref name="Search Engine Optimisation">{{Cite web |title=Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) Leicester and Beyond |url=https://www.easy-internet.co.uk/search-engine-optimisation/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Easy Internet |ref=SEO}}</ref> da Easy Internet Solutions (daga baya Free Virtual Servers, daga baya FVS Hosting). <ref name="FVS">{{Cite web |title=What are the differences between Easy Internet Solutions, FreeVirtualServers, etc.? |url=http://help.freevirtualservers.com/index.php?/Knowledgebase/Article/View/187/4/what-are-the-differences-between-easy-internet-solutions-freevirtualservers-etc |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Free Virtual Servers |ref=FVS }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Dukkanin kasuwancin sun kasance masu karɓar ma'aikata na nesa, kuma Esho ya kasance mai goyon bayan murya na software na sa ido na nesa ga ma'aikata.<ref name="Monitoring">{{Cite web |last=Pegden |first=Tom |date=22 October 2014 |title=Easy Internet Services and Solutions boss says monitoring software maintains productivity |url=http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/easy-internet-services-solutions-boss-says/story-23338337-detail/story.html |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Leicester Mercury |ref=Monitoring |archive-date=25 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025190304/http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Easy-Internet-Services-Solutions-boss-says/story-23338337-detail/story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2020, Mark ya kafa Access Rating, kamfani na zamantakewa da kuma mai ba da shawara kan masu nakasa. An saki aikace-aikacen Access Rating a kan layi, yana bawa masu nakasa damar gabatar da sake dubawa don wuraren jama'a a duk faɗin Burtaniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Access Rating &#124; About Us |url=https://www.accessrating.com/about-us/}}</ref> == Daraja da karbuwa == Esho ita ce ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta kasa don Kasuwanci a watan Satumbar 2012. <ref name="Disabed Entrepreneurs UK">{{Cite web |title=Interview: Mark Esho (Entrepreneur of Excellence: Race) |url=http://www.disabledentrepreneurs.co.uk/10/21/2012/interview-mark-esho/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Disabled Entrepreneurs UK |ref=DE}}</ref> <ref name="Disability Group">{{Cite web |title=Disability Role Models: Mark Esho |url=http://www.diversitygroup.co.uk/mark-esho/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Disability Group |ref=DG |archive-date=15 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815235758/http://www.diversitygroup.co.uk/mark-esho/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="FVS-12">{{Cite web |date=28 September 2012 |title=FVS Managing Director, Mark Esho, Wins at The National Diversity Awards 2012 |url=https://www.freevirtualservers.com/blog/fvs-managing-director-mark-esho-wins-the-national-diversity-awards-2012/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=FVS Hosting |ref=FVS-12}}</ref> Easy Internet ya ci gaba da tallafawa National Diversity Awards a Leeds a shekara mai zuwa. <ref name="DE Sponsor 2013">{{Cite web |title=Easy Internet Solutions Ltd Sponsors 2013 National Diversity Awards |url=http://www.disabledentrepreneurs.co.uk/08/14/2013/easy-internet-solutions-ltd-sponsors-2013-national-diversity-awards/1750/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Disabled Entrepreneurs |ref=DESponsor}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2012, ya gabatar da lambar yabo ta Matashi a 11th African and African Caribbean Achievement Awards. <ref name="AACAA">{{Cite web |last=Pollock |first=Sandra |title=11th African and African Caribbean Acheivement [sic] Awards |url=http://open-mind-training-development.co.uk/uncategorized/11th-african-and-african-caribbean-acheivement-awards/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Open Mind Training and Development |ref=AACAA |archive-date=19 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919081122/http://open-mind-training-development.co.uk/uncategorized/11th-african-and-african-caribbean-acheivement-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2013, an yi hira da Esho a gidan rediyo na BBC Leicester game da labarinsa da goyon bayan gwamnati ga masu neman aiki. <ref name="BBC">{{Cite web |last=Dixon |first=Dulcie |date=27 February 2013 |title=Paralysed with Polio, and bouncing back in business – Leicester |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p015n0lf |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=BBC Radio Leicester |ref=BBC}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2013, Esho ya sadu da Firayim Minista [[David Cameron]] kuma an nuna shi a matsayin binciken shari'a a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin Gwamnatin nakasassu.<ref name="DWP">{{Cite web |title=One year on – breaking down the barriers to employment |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/360588/disability-confident-one-year-on.pdf |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Department for Work and Pensions |ref=DWP}}</ref><ref name="DWP2">{{Cite web |title=Disability Confident: downloadable and video case studies |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/disability-confident-case-studies/disability-confident-case-studies |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Department for Work and Pensions |ref=DWP2}}</ref><ref name="VIDEO">{{Cite web |date=18 July 2013 |title=Mark Esho talks about the skills disabled people bring to a job |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q5iMxRhpGnk |access-date=6 July 2016 |publisher=Disability Confident |via=YouTube |ref=VIDEO}}</ref> Ci gaba da goyon bayan Esho ga ma'aikatan nakasassu da masu neman aiki a Burtaniya an kuma ambaci shi ta hanyar Babban Kasuwancin Gwamnati da Ministan Jiha na nakasassu a lokacin, Mike Penning.<ref name="Great Business">{{Cite web |title=A man who knows no barriers |url=http://www.greatbusiness.gov.uk/a-man-who-knows-no-barriers/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Great Business |ref=GB |archive-date=21 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221074539/http://www.greatbusiness.gov.uk/a-man-who-knows-no-barriers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="MP">{{Cite web |last=Penning |first=Mike |date=7 February 2014 |title=Columnist: Mike Penning MP |url=http://ablemagazine.co.uk/columnist-mike-penning-mp/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Able Magazine |ref=MP}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2013, Esho ta kasance wani ɓangare na kwamitin yanke hukunci na Leicester Mercury's "Leicestershire's Young Business Executive of the Year Award".<ref name="DMU">{{Cite web |title=DMU graduate named Leicestershire's Young Business Executive of the Year |url=http://www.dmu.ac.uk/about-dmu/news/2013/november/dmu-graduate-named-leicestershires-young-business-executive-of-the-year.aspx |access-date=6 July 2016 |publisher=De Montfort University |ref=DMU |archive-date=9 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709032030/http://www.dmu.ac.uk/about-dmu/news/2013/november/dmu-graduate-named-leicestershires-young-business-executive-of-the-year.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2016, Easy Internet Solutions ya zama mai kula da Leicestershire Law Society . Daga baya a wannan shekarar, an zabi Esho a Cibiyar Daraktoci ta Gabashin Midlands Darakta na Shekara, wanda ya faru a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2016. <ref name="IoD">{{Cite web |title=IoD East Midlands Director of the Year Awards 2016 |url=http://www.iod.com/connecting/events/2016/june/dotya-emids-2016-m06061 |access-date=6 July 2016 |publisher=Institute of Directors |ref=IoD}}</ref> An ba shi takardar shaidar da aka yaba da ita sosai a cikin rukunin "Director of the Year SME - Small".<ref name="LMIoD">{{Cite web |last=Pegden |first=Tom |title=Institute of Directors Annual Awards: Leicestershire Winners |url=http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/institute-of-directors-annual-awards-leicestershire-winners/story-29465746-detail/story.html |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Leicester Mercury |ref=LMIoD }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="EMBN">{{Cite web |title=Winners announced for IoD East Midlands 2016 awards |url=http://eastmidlandsbusinessnews.co.uk/winners-announced-for-iod-east-midlands-2016-awards/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=East Midlands Business News |ref=EMBN |archive-date=26 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126070923/http://eastmidlandsbusinessnews.co.uk/winners-announced-for-iod-east-midlands-2016-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2019, Mark ya lashe lambar yabo ta Cibiyar Darakta ta Gabashin Midlands ta Shekara don Haɗuwa, wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan karshe don kyaututtuka na kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Access Rating &#124; About Us |url=https://www.accessrating.com/about-us/}}</ref> An nada Esho a matsayin [[Order of the British Empire|memba na Order of the British Empire]] (MBE) a cikin girmamawar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2022 don hidimomi ga kasuwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Access Rating &#124; About Us |url=https://www.accessrating.com/about-us/}}</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce == A cikin 2018, littafin farko na Mark, 'I Can. I Will.' an buga shi ne ta hanyar Rethink Press.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Access Rating &#124; About Us |url=https://www.accessrating.com/about-us/}}</ref> Littafin ya bayyana yadda ya kamu da cutar shan inna yana da shekaru biyar da kuma tasirin da yake da shi a rayuwarsa. Ya tattauna matsalolin da ya fuskanta wajen samun ilimi da kuma cin zarafin da ya sha a hannun mahaifinsa, kafin ya zama dan kasuwa mai cin nasara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Access Rating &#124; About Us |url=https://www.accessrating.com/about-us/}}</ref> Esho ya rufe batutuwa kamar nuna bambanci da nakasa kuma ya ƙare kowane babi tare da tunani game da gwagwarmayarsa da darussan da ya koya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Access Rating &#124; About Us |url=https://www.accessrating.com/about-us/}}</ref> An kaddamar da littafin Leicester a ranar Alhamis 27 ga Satumba 2018 a Kungiyar Fasaha ta Sarauniya Victoria a cikin yankin al'adu na birnin. Wakilan kasuwanci na cikin gida, Rotarians da abokai da dangi sun halarta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2018 |title=Bestselling Leicester Author Celebrates Launch of Chart-Topping Book |url=http://dluxe-magazine.co.uk/leicester-2/arts-in-leicester/bestselling-leicester-author-celebrates-launch-of-chart-topping-book-2/ |website=dluxe-magazine.co.uk}}</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan ƙaddamar da London da aka shirya a Rotary HQ kuma jakadan Rotary polio Konnie Huq ya halarta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2018 |title=Konnie Huq: Why the world can defeat polio |url=https://www.rotarygbi.org/konnie-huq-why-the-world-can-defeat-polio/ |website=www.rotarygbi.org}}</ref> == Wasanni == Esho dan wasa ne mai ƙwazo kuma mai goyon bayan kungiyoyin wasanni na keken guragu.<ref name="I had to build people's trust without meeting them...2">{{Cite web |last=Kitchener |first=Helen |title='I had to build people's trust without meeting them...' |url=https://www.easy-internet.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/markesho3.pdf |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Leicester Mercury |ref=Build-Trust |archive-date=21 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821165208/https://www.easy-internet.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/markesho3.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kamfanin sa na Easy Internet Services ya dauki nauyin Leicester Cobras, kulob din kwando na keken guragu na gida da kuma sadaka, na shekaru da yawa.<ref name="I had to build people's trust without meeting them...2" /><ref name="Cobras2">{{Cite web |title=Information About Sponsorship |url=http://www.leicestercobras.org.uk/sponsors/sponsors/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Leicester Cobras Wheelchair Basketball Club |ref=Cobras |archive-date=4 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804021108/http://www.leicestercobras.org.uk/sponsors/sponsors/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Esho ta kuma shiga gasar tennis ta keken guragu da yawa. Ya shiga gasar farko ta Loughborough Wheelchair Tennis Open a Jami'ar Loughborgh a shekarar 2014, da kuma gasar farko ta Grantham Tennis Club a watan Agustan shekara ta 2015.<ref name="Lbro2">{{Cite web |last=Warrington |first=Pete |date=13 February 2014 |title=Lambert nets two titles at the inaugural Loughborough Wheelchair Tennis open |url=http://www.loughboroughecho.net/sport/other-sport/john-lambert-served-up-master-6702556 |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Loughborough Echo |ref=Lbro}}</ref><ref name="Grantham2">{{Cite web |title=TENNIS: Grantham club hosts first wheelchair tournament |url=http://www.granthamjournal.co.uk/sport/other-sport/tennis-grantham-club-hosts-first-wheelchair-tournament-1-6911974 |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Grantham Journal |ref=Grantham}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pywu3fvzzunr98a2l1j1lqd8t4wsarw 0 127918 892764 800976 2026-08-08T06:04:38Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 892764 wikitext text/x-wiki <references /> Bamboo-mud wall (編竹ī泥牆, wanda aka fi sani da Bamboo'net clay wall, Taiwanese wattle, da '''daub''') hanya ce ta gine-ginen bango da aka fi amfani da ita a Taiwan a karkashin mulkin [[Japan]] a farkon karni na 20. An samo shi daga wattle da daub na Jafananci (木舞, 小舞), bangon Bamboo-mud ya bambanta da na Jafanci a cikin kayan aikinsa, ta amfani da bamboo maimakon itace don lattice.<ref>{{Cite web |title=木（小）舞（こまい） |url=http://www.kenchikuyogo.com/115-ko/024-komai.htm |access-date=2018-12-09 |website=www.kenchikuyogo.com |archive-date=2018-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209165512/http://www.kenchikuyogo.com/115-ko/024-komai.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [dubious - tattauna] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="These was are laths, not woven wattle, and Japanese version uses bamboo too; see List of partitions of traditional Japanese architecture (February 2020)">dubious</span></nowiki>&#x20;&#x2013; discuss''&#x5D;</sup> == Tarihi == Tare da sabuntawa, Jafananci sun gina manyan gine-ginen jama'a a ko'ina cikin Taiwan, a lokaci guda, jami'an Japan da ma'aikatan gwamnati daga ƙasar Japan sun bukaci adadi mai yawa na gidaje. Don warware wannan buƙatar, Gwamnatin Janar a Taiwan ta ba da Tsarin Gine-gine na Ma'aikatar Jami'ai a 1922, <ref>{{Cite web |title=木（小）舞（こまい） |url=http://www.kenchikuyogo.com/115-ko/024-komai.htm |access-date=2018-12-09 |website=www.kenchikuyogo.com |archive-date=2018-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209165512/http://www.kenchikuyogo.com/115-ko/024-komai.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma ta haka ne ta gina adadi mai yawa na daidaitattun gidaje bisa ga Tsarin katako na gargajiya na Japan. Gidajen da ba na gwamnati ba sun bi wannan dabarar ba da daɗewa ba. Canjin daga wattle da da daub na Jafananci zuwa bangon Bamboo-mud na Taiwan, saboda bambancin yanayi da tsire-tsire tsakanin yankuna biyu ne.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=古蹟灰泥壁體與修復 |url=https://mocfile.moc.gov.tw/files/201712/66220a4e-9b7f-406b-822e-b9cf58555563.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124224/https://mocfile.moc.gov.tw/files/201712/66220a4e-9b7f-406b-822e-b9cf58555563.pdf |archive-date=2018-12-09 |access-date=2018-11-20 |website=www.google.com |language=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kodayake an gina su ne a tsibirin Taiwan, wasu an rushe su a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu don hana gobarar daji tsakanin gine-ginen itace a lokacin babban hari na Allies a kan [[Taipei]] da sauran biranen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=木（小）舞（こまい） |url=http://www.kenchikuyogo.com/115-ko/024-komai.htm |access-date=2018-12-09 |website=www.kenchikuyogo.com |archive-date=2018-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209165512/http://www.kenchikuyogo.com/115-ko/024-komai.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wadannan gidajen da ke amfani da Bamboo-mudwall sun bunƙasa har zuwa 1945, lokacin da Allies suka karɓi Taiwan daga mulkin Japan. [[Taiwan|Jamhuriyar Sin (Taiwan)]] nan da nan ta janye daga Yaƙin basasar kasar Sin kuma ta sake komawa gwamnati zuwa Taiwan, gidajen da aka gina don jami'an Japan sun yi wa jami'an sabuwar gwamnati hidima ba tare da wata matsala ba, a sakamakon haka, yawancin gidaje suna kiyayewa kuma suna kula da su. == Bayyanawa == [[Fayil:Bamboo-mud_wall_Isometric.png|thumb|332x332px|Bayani na gine-ginen sashi na isometric na bango na bamboo-mud.]] Ganuwar laka ita ce cikawa ta yau da kullun a cikin bangon katako da aka samu a Taiwan. Bamboo wattle yana ƙarfafa tsarin bango na laka ta hanyar sa kansu tare, gami da kauri, fadi a kwance da ake kira lî-kīng da kuma m, m kwaskwarima a kwance ake kira l Î-á. Ga manyan ganuwar, masu ginin suna ƙara katako, kimanin 6 cm a faɗin, wanda ake kira àm-kīng (暗梗) tsakanin ginshiƙan gefen tsaye don sauƙaƙe mannewar laka ga tsarin gidaje. Hakazalika da àm-kīng, akwai wasu lokuta katako na katako da aka kulle a kan ginshiƙan da ake kira tshīng-á (穿仔). Gabaɗaya, lî-kīngs suna da 24 -30 cm ban da juna, kuma ana ƙara àm-kīns don wucewa sama da 45 cm.&nbsp;&nbsp; Mud ne warke fili hada da yumɓu da kuma ciyawa, daubed a kan bamboo wattle a bangarorin biyu, kusan 3.5 zuwa 4.5 cm kauri gaba ɗaya. Hemp plaster daubed na ƙarshe don [[gamawa]] Layer.<ref name=":0"/>&nbsp; == Karewa == # Sa hannu mai haske: sake yin amfani da gyaran hemp da yumbu da kuma ciyawa. # Matsakaicin shiga tsakani: sake yin amfani da gyaran hemp da mafi yawan yumɓu da ciyawa, amma ba suturar bamboo ba. # Shiga mai zurfi: ya haɗa da sabbin sassan bamboo da sakewa sosai. Kafin kiyayewa, kimantawa akan amincin katako da ci gaba da hanyar kaya ya zama dole. Kuma idan za a yi amfani da sabbin sassan bamboo, ya kamata su sami maganin rigakafi da kuma maganin da ke hana wuta a gaba. A lokacin kiyayewa, ya kamata a yi amfani da wannan tsari na zane-zane na bamboo don hana canjin tsari; idan akwai bututu a cikin bango, ya kamata ya yi amfani da nau'in hemp a kan bututu don ƙarfafa mannewa; kuma ya kamata a lissafa ƙarancin yumɓu kuma a inganta shi bayan bushewa. Bayan kiyayewa, misalai da yawa a Taiwan sun bar bango mai rabin budewa don nuna fasahar gargajiya don dalilai na ilimi.<ref name=":0"/> == Misalai == * Gidajen Jafananci na titin Qidong * [http://kishuan.org.tw/ Kishu Wani daji na wallafe-wallafen] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Japanese_Dormitory_of_Nancaiyuan?uselang=zh-hans Gidan kwana na Jafananci na Nancaiyuan] * Gidajen gidaje na CNPC Wang Hongyi a kudu == Haɗin kai == 5pxz983sb4ypv6vvyjat9ae4rmul1pn 0 128542 892775 762933 2026-08-08T07:20:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Obed_Ofori_Bangdome.jpg|right|thumb|Obed Ofori Bangdome]] '''Obed Ofori Bangdome''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 1989) wanda aka fi sani da Taadi Mayor, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Taadi Mayor Ready to Launch Book on December 2. |url=http://www.gizoshowbiz.com/taadi-mayor-ready-to-launch-book-on-december-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630162132/http://www.gizoshowbiz.com/taadi-mayor-ready-to-launch-book-on-december-2/ |archive-date=2018-06-30 |access-date=2018-03-01 |publisher=Gizoshowbiz}}</ref> marubuci ne, ɗan kasuwa <ref>{{Cite web |title=National service personnel trained in entrepreneurship |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/402498/22/national-service-personnel-trained-in-entrepreneur.html |access-date=2018-01-12 |publisher=ModernGhana}}</ref> kuma Babban Jami'in Fasaha <ref>{{Cite web |title=Train more mid-wives to prevent maternal mortality |url=http://www.ghananewsagency.org/health/train-more-mid-wives-to-prevent-maternal-mortality-126079 |access-date=2017-12-12 |publisher=Ghananewsagency}}</ref> a Hukumar Lafiya ta Yankin Yamma. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Maternal Health; should be a concern for all |url=https://thebftonline.com/business/maternal-health-should-be-a-concern-for-all/ |access-date=2018-03-15 |publisher=Thebftonline |archive-date=2018-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322143055/https://thebftonline.com/business/maternal-health-should-be-a-concern-for-all/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Magajin Garin Taadi ɗan ƙasar Ghana ne kuma an haife shi a Subiri-Bibiani ga marigayi Eugene Bangdome da Margaret Ofori. Shi ne ɗan ƙarshe a cikin 'ya'yansu uku. == Ilimi == Bangdome ya fito ne daga [[Asankrangwa Senior High School|Makarantar Sakandare ta Asankrangwa]] inda ya karanta kwas ɗin Kimiyya ta Gabaɗaya. Ya wakilci makarantar a karon farko a [[Ghana National Science and Maths Quiz|jarrabawar Kimiyya da Lissafi ta Ƙasa ta Ghana]] a shekarar 2008. Ya kammala karatunsa a Kwalejin Lafiya da Jin Daɗi (wadda a da Makarantar Horar da Lafiya ta Karkara ta Kintampo) kuma ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Wakilan Ɗalibai a shekararsa ta ƙarshe. == Matsayin Hidima da Jagoranci na Ƙasa == Yana cikin rukunin farko na masu koyon aikin lafiya a Ghana waɗanda suka fara aikin ƙasa a shekarar 2011. An zaɓi Obed a matsayin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Hidima ta Ƙasa (NASPA) na [[Yankin Brong-Ahafo]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Taadi Mayor Ready to Launch Book on December 2. |url=http://www.gizoshowbiz.com/taadi-mayor-ready-to-launch-book-on-december-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630162132/http://www.gizoshowbiz.com/taadi-mayor-ready-to-launch-book-on-december-2/ |archive-date=2018-06-30 |access-date=2018-03-01 |publisher=Gizoshowbiz}}</ref> da kuma gundumar Wenchi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Qualitative Study on Delivery Care Services in Bibiani Anhwiaso Bekwai |url=https://www.lap-publishing.com/catalog/details//store/ru/book/978-3-659-66611-7/qualitative-study-on-delivery-care-services-in-bibiani-anhwiaso-bekwai |access-date=2018-01-12 |publisher=LAP Lambert Academic Publishing}}{{Dead link}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=National service personnel trained in entrepreneurship |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/402498/22/national-service-personnel-trained-in-entrepreneur.html |access-date=2018-01-12 |publisher=ModernGhana}}</ref> Obed ya nuna rashin jin daɗi kan mummunan yanayin aiki na ma'aikatan hidimar ƙasa da aka tura zuwa gonar jiha da ke Branam a Wenchi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Train more mid-wives to prevent maternal mortality |url=http://www.ghananewsagency.org/health/train-more-mid-wives-to-prevent-maternal-mortality-126079 |access-date=2017-12-12 |publisher=Ghananewsagency}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Maternal Health; should be a concern for all |url=https://thebftonline.com/business/maternal-health-should-be-a-concern-for-all/ |access-date=2018-03-15 |publisher=Thebftonline |archive-date=2018-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322143055/https://thebftonline.com/business/maternal-health-should-be-a-concern-for-all/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Taadi Mayor Ready to Launch Book on December 2. |url=http://www.gizoshowbiz.com/taadi-mayor-ready-to-launch-book-on-december-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630162132/http://www.gizoshowbiz.com/taadi-mayor-ready-to-launch-book-on-december-2/ |archive-date=2018-06-30 |access-date=2018-03-01 |publisher=Gizoshowbiz}}</ref> Lee Ocran wanda ke shirin barin ofis a matsayin Ministan Ilimi ya amince da roƙonsa na yau da kullun ga shugabanni don samar da hanyoyin sufuri masu dacewa zuwa gonar jiha a shekarar 2013. Ministan ya ba da motocin bas na Yutong guda 11 ga sakatariyar hidimar ƙasa don jigilar ma'aikatan hidima zuwa gonakin jiha. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] 75uljdoguq4dheg0b46j4n87jv849cq 0 131410 892729 769777 2026-08-08T04:23:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ned McHenry''' tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na Australiya wanda ya buga wa Adelaide Crows a gasar kwallon kafa ta Australiya (AFL). Adelaide Crows ne suka dauke shi tare da zabin 16 a cikin shirin AFL na 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ned McHenry - Footywire |url=https://www.footywire.com/afl/footy/pp-adelaide-crows--edward-mchenry |access-date=28 June 2020 |language=en |archive-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629222741/https://www.footywire.com/afl/footy/pp-adelaide-crows--edward-mchenry |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2018 |title=2019 AFL Draft - Pick 16: Ned McHenry |url=https://www.afc.com.au/news/79846/pick-16-ned-mchenry |access-date=28 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> == Kwallon ƙafa na farko == McHenry ya buga wa Geelong Falcons, sannan daga baya ya buga wa Vic Country a gasar zakarun kasa da shekaru 18 ta AFL.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ned McHenry - Footywire |url=https://www.footywire.com/afl/footy/pp-adelaide-crows--edward-mchenry |access-date=28 June 2020 |language=en |archive-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629222741/https://www.footywire.com/afl/footy/pp-adelaide-crows--edward-mchenry |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyukan AFL == McHenry ya buga wasanni 10 a cikin SANFL a cikin 2019, inda ya kai matsakaicin 18.4. Ya yi wasan da ya fi dacewa a shekara a kan Norwood a wasan kusa da na karshe, inda ya zira kwallaye 4, ya yi 17 disposals, ya dauki alamomi 4 kuma ya sanya 5 tackles.[undefined] Duk da wannan, bai iya shiga cikin babban bangare ba har zuwa 2020. McHenry ya fara buga wasan farko a zagaye na 2 na kakar AFL ta 2020, a kan Port Adelaide Power.[2] A wasansa na farko, ya ɗauki 12 disposals kuma ya kori biyu a baya.[1] McHenry ya nuna alamun ci gaba a wasan da ya gabata a watan Fabrairun 2024, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ned McHenry - Footywire |url=https://www.footywire.com/afl/footy/pp-adelaide-crows--edward-mchenry |access-date=28 June 2020 |language=en |archive-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629222741/https://www.footywire.com/afl/footy/pp-adelaide-crows--edward-mchenry |url-status=dead }}</ref> amma bayan wasanni 10 kawai a kakar 2024, kulob din ya cire McHenry.<ref name="delisting">{{Cite web |date=4 October 2024 |title=Crows announce list changes |url=https://www.afc.com.au/news/1671831/crows-announce-list-changes |website=afc.com.au}}</ref> Da yake sanye da lamba 25, McHenry ya buga wasanni 70 kuma ya zira kwallaye 32 ga kulob din a cikin shekaru biyar da ya yi wasa a matakin AFL. == Ayyukan bayan AFL == Bayan ya fice daga Adelaide Crows a 2024, McHenry ya zama kocin wasan kwallon kafa na Prince Alfred Old Collegians.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ned McHenry - Footywire |url=https://www.footywire.com/afl/footy/pp-adelaide-crows--edward-mchenry |access-date=28 June 2020 |language=en |archive-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629222741/https://www.footywire.com/afl/footy/pp-adelaide-crows--edward-mchenry |url-status=dead }}</ref> Haɗin McHenry a kan kwamitin horar da kulob din kwallon kafa na gida zai zama tsohon abokin wasan Crows Taylor Walker.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2018 |title=2019 AFL Draft - Pick 16: Ned McHenry |url=https://www.afc.com.au/news/79846/pick-16-ned-mchenry |access-date=28 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]] hp3dwytvss6kyl0x826nxml4znybhrk 0 133293 892921 822106 2026-08-08T10:42:44Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William Perry Jr.''' (May 31, 1965 – August 7, 2023), better known as '''DJ Casper''' (also known as '''Mr. C the Slide Man'''), was an American disc jockey.<ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> Born and raised in [[Chicago]], he was known as "Casper" due to frequently being clad in all white attire on stage. He was best known for his 2000 single "Cha Cha Slide". == Ayyuka == PE na farko kuma kawai ya buga rikodin, "Casper Slide Pt. 1" - wanda aka fi sani da "Cha Cha Slide" - Perry ne ya ƙirƙireshi ga dan uwansa, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da kansa a Bally Total Fitness a shekarar 1998. <ref name="npr">{{Cite web |last=Eng |first=Monica |last2=Nagasawa |first2=Katherine |date=2019 |title=The Cha-Cha Slide And More: Which Dances Were Invented In Chicago? |url=https://www.npr.org/local/309/2019/09/02/756031354/the-cha-cha-slide-and-more-which-dances-were-invented-in-chicago |access-date=August 9, 2023 |website=npr}}</ref> Bayan waƙar ta karu da shahara a matsayin motsa jiki na motsa jiki a Kungiyoyin motsa jiki da PE a makarantu, Casper ya kirkiro waƙar ta biyu a cikin shekarar 2000, mai taken "Casper Slide Pt. 2", wanda Elroy Smith ya karɓa a gidan rediyo na Chicago, WGCI-FM. Waƙar ta zama abin bugawa a Birnin Chicago a shekara ta 2004, lokacin da lakabin rikodin M.O.B. na birnin ya shiga ciki, ya taimaka wa Perry ya kirkiro kundin tarawa tare da wasu masu zane-zane na Birnin Chicago don inganta rawa. <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> "Cha Cha Slide" daga baya Universal Records ta karbe shi kuma ya zama abin bugawa a duniya, musamman a Ingila, inda ya hau kan UK Singles Chart a watan Maris na shekara ta 2004 kuma ya zama waƙar Burtaniya ta uku mafi kyawun sayar da shekara ta 2004. <ref name="npr">{{Cite web |last=Eng |first=Monica |last2=Nagasawa |first2=Katherine |date=2019 |title=The Cha-Cha Slide And More: Which Dances Were Invented In Chicago? |url=https://www.npr.org/local/309/2019/09/02/756031354/the-cha-cha-slide-and-more-which-dances-were-invented-in-chicago |access-date=August 9, 2023 |website=npr}}</ref> Perry ya bayyana a matsayin DJ a cikin kakar wasa ta 6 na Orange Is the New Black, a cikin Crazy Eyes' hallucination na fursunoni da masu gadi suna rawa zuwa Cha Cha Slide . == Rashin lafiya da mutuwa == A watan Janairun shekarar 2016, an gano Perry da Ciwon daji na koda da ciwon kansa na neuroendocrine.<ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2016 |title='Cha Cha Slide' Creator DJ Casper Fighting Cancer – JetMag.com |url=http://www.jetmag.com/entertainment/cha-cha-slide/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031150729/http://www.jetmag.com/entertainment/cha-cha-slide/ |archive-date=October 31, 2016 |access-date=October 31, 2016 |website=[[Jet (magazine)|Jet Magazine]]}}</ref> Bayan wani tiyata mara nasara a wannan watan, ya fara maganin chemotherapy.<ref name=":0" /> A wata hira a watan Yulin 2018, ya bayyana cewa yana cikin raguwa. A cikin 2019, Perry ya bayyana cewa ya doke kansa na koda da hanta kuma ya ce shi mutum ne mai canzawa, yana mai cewa "wannan shine hanyar Allah na rage ni kadan".<ref>[http://www.v103.com/pages/casper.html V103.com] {{Webarchive}}</ref> Perry ya mutu daga ciwon daji na koda da hanta a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, 2023, yana da shekaru 58. An tuna da shi a matsayin mahaliccin Cha Cha Slide a cikin tashoshin ƙasa da kuma kafofin watsa labarai na Chicago, tare da mutumin rediyo Seandale Hunley yana bayyana Perry a matsayin "hoton Chicago" kuma yana ba da shawarar Perry yana rawa da Cha Cha Slides a Sama: "Ya kasance a can Cha-Chaing yanzu, mutum. "<ref name=":1" /> == Bayanan da aka yi == [[Fayil:DJ_Casper_and_Miss_Mia.jpg|right|thumb|Perry tare da Mia Park a lokacin da aka shirya fim na 500 na ''Chic-a-Go-Go'' .]] === Albums === * Wasanni na waje (1999) <ref name="es">{{Cite web |last=Bulbul |first=Nuray |date=August 8, 2023 |title=DJ Casper: Musician who created Cha Cha Slide dies aged 58 |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/dj-casper-death-cha-cha-slide-b1099291.html |access-date=August 9, 2023 |website=Evening Standard}}</ref> * ''Cha-Cha Slide: Kundin Slide na asali'' (2000) * ''Casper'' (2001) <ref name="es" /> === Ma'aurata === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Jerin mutane, tare da matsayi na ginshiƙi, yana nuna shekarar da aka saki da sunan kundin ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:14em;" |Taken ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Shekara ! colspan="8" scope="col" |Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:14em;" |Album |- ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |US ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |USR<nowiki>&</nowiki>amp;B<nowiki><br id="mwkg"></nowiki> ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |AUS<br /> ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |GER ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |IRE ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |NL ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |SWI ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |Burtaniya |- ! scope="row" |"Cha Cha Slide" |2000 |83 |24 |64 |83 |3 |12 |86 |1 |''Cha-Cha Slide: Kundin Slide na asali'' |- ! scope="row" |"Ka rufe kai a gefen kai" |2004 | - | - | - | - |25 | - | - |16| {{Non-album single}} |} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] ====MANAZARTA==== mil09mbr64ba6h85gcb0248u62wyesl 892922 892921 2026-08-08T10:43:02Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William Perry Jr.''' (May 31, 1965 – August 7, 2023), better known as '''DJ Casper''' (also known as '''Mr. C the Slide Man'''), was an American disc jockey.<ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> Born and raised in [[Chicago]], he was known as "Casper" due to frequently being clad in all white attire on stage. He was best known for his 2000 single "Cha Cha Slide". == Ayyuka == PE na farko kuma kawai ya buga rikodin, "Casper Slide Pt. 1" - wanda aka fi sani da "Cha Cha Slide" - Perry ne ya ƙirƙireshi ga dan uwansa, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da kansa a Bally Total Fitness a shekarar 1998. <ref name="npr">{{Cite web |last=Eng |first=Monica |last2=Nagasawa |first2=Katherine |date=2019 |title=The Cha-Cha Slide And More: Which Dances Were Invented In Chicago? |url=https://www.npr.org/local/309/2019/09/02/756031354/the-cha-cha-slide-and-more-which-dances-were-invented-in-chicago |access-date=August 9, 2023 |website=npr}}</ref> Bayan waƙar ta karu da shahara a matsayin motsa jiki na motsa jiki a Kungiyoyin motsa jiki da PE a makarantu, Casper ya kirkiro waƙar ta biyu a cikin shekarar 2000, mai taken "Casper Slide Pt. 2", wanda Elroy Smith ya karɓa a gidan rediyo na Chicago, WGCI-FM. Waƙar ta zama abin bugawa a Birnin Chicago a shekara ta 2004, lokacin da lakabin rikodin M.O.B. na birnin ya shiga ciki, ya taimaka wa Perry ya ƙirƙiro kundin tarawa tare da wasu masu zane-zane na Birnin Chicago don inganta rawa. <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> "Cha Cha Slide" daga baya Universal Records ta karbe shi kuma ya zama abin bugawa a duniya, musamman a Ingila, inda ya hau kan UK Singles Chart a watan Maris na shekara ta 2004 kuma ya zama waƙar Burtaniya ta uku mafi kyawun sayar da shekara ta 2004. <ref name="npr">{{Cite web |last=Eng |first=Monica |last2=Nagasawa |first2=Katherine |date=2019 |title=The Cha-Cha Slide And More: Which Dances Were Invented In Chicago? |url=https://www.npr.org/local/309/2019/09/02/756031354/the-cha-cha-slide-and-more-which-dances-were-invented-in-chicago |access-date=August 9, 2023 |website=npr}}</ref> Perry ya bayyana a matsayin DJ a cikin kakar wasa ta 6 na Orange Is the New Black, a cikin Crazy Eyes' hallucination na fursunoni da masu gadi suna rawa zuwa Cha Cha Slide . == Rashin lafiya da mutuwa == A watan Janairun shekarar 2016, an gano Perry da Ciwon daji na koda da ciwon kansa na neuroendocrine.<ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2016 |title='Cha Cha Slide' Creator DJ Casper Fighting Cancer – JetMag.com |url=http://www.jetmag.com/entertainment/cha-cha-slide/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031150729/http://www.jetmag.com/entertainment/cha-cha-slide/ |archive-date=October 31, 2016 |access-date=October 31, 2016 |website=[[Jet (magazine)|Jet Magazine]]}}</ref> Bayan wani tiyata mara nasara a wannan watan, ya fara maganin chemotherapy.<ref name=":0" /> A wata hira a watan Yulin 2018, ya bayyana cewa yana cikin raguwa. A cikin 2019, Perry ya bayyana cewa ya doke kansa na koda da hanta kuma ya ce shi mutum ne mai canzawa, yana mai cewa "wannan shine hanyar Allah na rage ni kadan".<ref>[http://www.v103.com/pages/casper.html V103.com] {{Webarchive}}</ref> Perry ya mutu daga ciwon daji na koda da hanta a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, 2023, yana da shekaru 58. An tuna da shi a matsayin mahaliccin Cha Cha Slide a cikin tashoshin ƙasa da kuma kafofin watsa labarai na Chicago, tare da mutumin rediyo Seandale Hunley yana bayyana Perry a matsayin "hoton Chicago" kuma yana ba da shawarar Perry yana rawa da Cha Cha Slides a Sama: "Ya kasance a can Cha-Chaing yanzu, mutum. "<ref name=":1" /> == Bayanan da aka yi == [[Fayil:DJ_Casper_and_Miss_Mia.jpg|right|thumb|Perry tare da Mia Park a lokacin da aka shirya fim na 500 na ''Chic-a-Go-Go'' .]] === Albums === * Wasanni na waje (1999) <ref name="es">{{Cite web |last=Bulbul |first=Nuray |date=August 8, 2023 |title=DJ Casper: Musician who created Cha Cha Slide dies aged 58 |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/dj-casper-death-cha-cha-slide-b1099291.html |access-date=August 9, 2023 |website=Evening Standard}}</ref> * ''Cha-Cha Slide: Kundin Slide na asali'' (2000) * ''Casper'' (2001) <ref name="es" /> === Ma'aurata === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Jerin mutane, tare da matsayi na ginshiƙi, yana nuna shekarar da aka saki da sunan kundin ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:14em;" |Taken ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Shekara ! colspan="8" scope="col" |Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:14em;" |Album |- ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |US ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |USR<nowiki>&</nowiki>amp;B<nowiki><br id="mwkg"></nowiki> ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |AUS<br /> ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |GER ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |IRE ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |NL ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |SWI ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |Burtaniya |- ! scope="row" |"Cha Cha Slide" |2000 |83 |24 |64 |83 |3 |12 |86 |1 |''Cha-Cha Slide: Kundin Slide na asali'' |- ! scope="row" |"Ka rufe kai a gefen kai" |2004 | - | - | - | - |25 | - | - |16| {{Non-album single}} |} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] ====MANAZARTA==== 54etownnxfail3yqj0zozrsv8enukog 892923 892922 2026-08-08T10:43:16Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William Perry Jr.''' (May 31, 1965 – August 7, 2023), better known as '''DJ Casper''' (also known as '''Mr. C the Slide Man'''), was an American disc jockey.<ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> Born and raised in [[Chicago]], he was known as "Casper" due to frequently being clad in all white attire on stage. He was best known for his 2000 single "Cha Cha Slide". == Ayyuka == PE na farko kuma kawai ya buga rikodin, "Casper Slide Pt. 1" - wanda aka fi sani da "Cha Cha Slide" - Perry ne ya ƙirƙireshi ga dan uwansa, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da kansa a Bally Total Fitness a shekarar 1998. <ref name="npr">{{Cite web |last=Eng |first=Monica |last2=Nagasawa |first2=Katherine |date=2019 |title=The Cha-Cha Slide And More: Which Dances Were Invented In Chicago? |url=https://www.npr.org/local/309/2019/09/02/756031354/the-cha-cha-slide-and-more-which-dances-were-invented-in-chicago |access-date=August 9, 2023 |website=npr}}</ref> Bayan waƙar ta karu da shahara a matsayin motsa jiki na motsa jiki a Kungiyoyin motsa jiki da PE a makarantu, Casper ya kirkiro waƙar ta biyu a cikin shekarar 2000, mai taken "Casper Slide Pt. 2", wanda Elroy Smith ya karɓa a gidan rediyo na Chicago, WGCI-FM. Waƙar ta zama abin bugawa a Birnin Chicago a shekara ta 2004, lokacin da lakabin rikodin M.O.B. na birnin ya shiga ciki, ya taimaka wa Perry ya ƙirƙiro kundin tarawa tare da wasu masu zane-zane na Birnin Chicago don inganta rawa. <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> "Cha Cha Slide" daga baya Universal Records ta karbe shi kuma ya zama abin bugawa a duniya, musamman a Ingila, inda ya hau kan UK Singles Chart a watan Maris na shekara ta 2004 kuma ya zama waƙar Burtaniya ta uku mafi kyawun sayar da shekara ta 2004. <ref name="npr">{{Cite web |last=Eng |first=Monica |last2=Nagasawa |first2=Katherine |date=2019 |title=The Cha-Cha Slide And More: Which Dances Were Invented In Chicago? |url=https://www.npr.org/local/309/2019/09/02/756031354/the-cha-cha-slide-and-more-which-dances-were-invented-in-chicago |access-date=August 9, 2023 |website=npr}}</ref> Perry ya bayyana a matsayin DJ a cikin kakar wasa ta 6 na Orange Is the New Black, a cikin Crazy Eyes' hallucination na fursunoni da masu gadi suna rawa zuwa Cha Cha Slide . == Rashin lafiya da mutuwa == A watan Janairun shekarar 2016, an kuma gano Perry da Ciwon daji na koda da ciwon kansa na neuroendocrine.<ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2016 |title='Cha Cha Slide' Creator DJ Casper Fighting Cancer – JetMag.com |url=http://www.jetmag.com/entertainment/cha-cha-slide/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031150729/http://www.jetmag.com/entertainment/cha-cha-slide/ |archive-date=October 31, 2016 |access-date=October 31, 2016 |website=[[Jet (magazine)|Jet Magazine]]}}</ref> Bayan wani tiyata mara nasara a wannan watan, ya fara maganin chemotherapy.<ref name=":0" /> A wata hira a watan Yulin 2018, ya bayyana cewa yana cikin raguwa. A cikin 2019, Perry ya bayyana cewa ya doke kansa na koda da hanta kuma ya ce shi mutum ne mai canzawa, yana mai cewa "wannan shine hanyar Allah na rage ni kadan".<ref>[http://www.v103.com/pages/casper.html V103.com] {{Webarchive}}</ref> Perry ya mutu daga ciwon daji na koda da hanta a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, 2023, yana da shekaru 58. An tuna da shi a matsayin mahaliccin Cha Cha Slide a cikin tashoshin ƙasa da kuma kafofin watsa labarai na Chicago, tare da mutumin rediyo Seandale Hunley yana bayyana Perry a matsayin "hoton Chicago" kuma yana ba da shawarar Perry yana rawa da Cha Cha Slides a Sama: "Ya kasance a can Cha-Chaing yanzu, mutum. "<ref name=":1" /> == Bayanan da aka yi == [[Fayil:DJ_Casper_and_Miss_Mia.jpg|right|thumb|Perry tare da Mia Park a lokacin da aka shirya fim na 500 na ''Chic-a-Go-Go'' .]] === Albums === * Wasanni na waje (1999) <ref name="es">{{Cite web |last=Bulbul |first=Nuray |date=August 8, 2023 |title=DJ Casper: Musician who created Cha Cha Slide dies aged 58 |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/dj-casper-death-cha-cha-slide-b1099291.html |access-date=August 9, 2023 |website=Evening Standard}}</ref> * ''Cha-Cha Slide: Kundin Slide na asali'' (2000) * ''Casper'' (2001) <ref name="es" /> === Ma'aurata === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Jerin mutane, tare da matsayi na ginshiƙi, yana nuna shekarar da aka saki da sunan kundin ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:14em;" |Taken ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Shekara ! colspan="8" scope="col" |Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:14em;" |Album |- ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |US ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |USR<nowiki>&</nowiki>amp;B<nowiki><br id="mwkg"></nowiki> ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |AUS<br /> ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |GER ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |IRE ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |NL ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |SWI ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |Burtaniya |- ! scope="row" |"Cha Cha Slide" |2000 |83 |24 |64 |83 |3 |12 |86 |1 |''Cha-Cha Slide: Kundin Slide na asali'' |- ! scope="row" |"Ka rufe kai a gefen kai" |2004 | - | - | - | - |25 | - | - |16| {{Non-album single}} |} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] ====MANAZARTA==== 8anda5etbibc7rnul45o0j9bqi5y3i2 892924 892923 2026-08-08T10:43:33Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William Perry Jr.''' (May 31, 1965 – August 7, 2023), better known as '''DJ Casper''' (also known as '''Mr. C the Slide Man'''), was an American disc jockey.<ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> Born and raised in [[Chicago]], he was known as "Casper" due to frequently being clad in all white attire on stage. He was best known for his 2000 single "Cha Cha Slide". == Ayyuka == PE na farko kuma kawai ya buga rikodin, "Casper Slide Pt. 1" - wanda aka fi sani da "Cha Cha Slide" - Perry ne ya ƙirƙireshi ga dan uwansa, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da kansa a Bally Total Fitness a shekarar 1998. <ref name="npr">{{Cite web |last=Eng |first=Monica |last2=Nagasawa |first2=Katherine |date=2019 |title=The Cha-Cha Slide And More: Which Dances Were Invented In Chicago? |url=https://www.npr.org/local/309/2019/09/02/756031354/the-cha-cha-slide-and-more-which-dances-were-invented-in-chicago |access-date=August 9, 2023 |website=npr}}</ref> Bayan waƙar ta karu da shahara a matsayin motsa jiki na motsa jiki a Kungiyoyin motsa jiki da PE a makarantu, Casper ya kirkiro waƙar ta biyu a cikin shekarar 2000, mai taken "Casper Slide Pt. 2", wanda Elroy Smith ya karɓa a gidan rediyo na Chicago, WGCI-FM. Waƙar ta zama abin bugawa a Birnin Chicago a shekara ta 2004, lokacin da lakabin rikodin M.O.B. na birnin ya shiga ciki, ya taimaka wa Perry ya ƙirƙiro kundin tarawa tare da wasu masu zane-zane na Birnin Chicago don inganta rawa. <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> "Cha Cha Slide" daga baya Universal Records ta karbe shi kuma ya zama abin bugawa a duniya, musamman a Ingila, inda ya hau kan UK Singles Chart a watan Maris na shekara ta 2004 kuma ya zama waƙar Burtaniya ta uku mafi kyawun sayar da shekara ta 2004. <ref name="npr">{{Cite web |last=Eng |first=Monica |last2=Nagasawa |first2=Katherine |date=2019 |title=The Cha-Cha Slide And More: Which Dances Were Invented In Chicago? |url=https://www.npr.org/local/309/2019/09/02/756031354/the-cha-cha-slide-and-more-which-dances-were-invented-in-chicago |access-date=August 9, 2023 |website=npr}}</ref> Perry ya bayyana a matsayin DJ a cikin kakar wasa ta 6 na Orange Is the New Black, a cikin Crazy Eyes' hallucination na fursunoni da masu gadi suna rawa zuwa Cha Cha Slide . == Rashin lafiya da mutuwa == A watan Janairun shekarar 2016, an kuma gano Perry da Ciwon daji na koda da ciwon kansa na neuroendocrine.<ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2016 |title='Cha Cha Slide' Creator DJ Casper Fighting Cancer – JetMag.com |url=http://www.jetmag.com/entertainment/cha-cha-slide/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031150729/http://www.jetmag.com/entertainment/cha-cha-slide/ |archive-date=October 31, 2016 |access-date=October 31, 2016 |website=[[Jet (magazine)|Jet Magazine]]}}</ref> Bayan wani tiyata mara nasara a wannan watan, ya fara maganin chemotherapy.<ref name=":0" /> A wata hira a watan Yulin 2018, ya bayyana cewa yana cikin raguwa. A cikin 2019, Perry ya bayyana cewa ya doke kansa na koda da hanta kuma ya ce shi mutum ne mai canzawa, yana mai cewa "wannan shine hanyar Allah na rage ni kadan".<ref>[http://www.v103.com/pages/casper.html V103.com] {{Webarchive}}</ref> Perry ya mutu daga ciwon daji na koda da hanta a ranar 7 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2023, yana da shekaru 58. An tuna da shi a matsayin mahaliccin Cha Cha Slide a cikin tashoshin ƙasa da kuma kafofin watsa labarai na Chicago, tare da mutumin rediyo Seandale Hunley yana bayyana Perry a matsayin "hoton Chicago" kuma yana ba da shawarar Perry yana rawa da Cha Cha Slides a Sama: "Ya kasance a can Cha-Chaing yanzu, mutum. "<ref name=":1" /> == Bayanan da aka yi == [[Fayil:DJ_Casper_and_Miss_Mia.jpg|right|thumb|Perry tare da Mia Park a lokacin da aka shirya fim na 500 na ''Chic-a-Go-Go'' .]] === Albums === * Wasanni na waje (1999) <ref name="es">{{Cite web |last=Bulbul |first=Nuray |date=August 8, 2023 |title=DJ Casper: Musician who created Cha Cha Slide dies aged 58 |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/dj-casper-death-cha-cha-slide-b1099291.html |access-date=August 9, 2023 |website=Evening Standard}}</ref> * ''Cha-Cha Slide: Kundin Slide na asali'' (2000) * ''Casper'' (2001) <ref name="es" /> === Ma'aurata === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Jerin mutane, tare da matsayi na ginshiƙi, yana nuna shekarar da aka saki da sunan kundin ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:14em;" |Taken ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Shekara ! colspan="8" scope="col" |Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:14em;" |Album |- ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |US ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |USR<nowiki>&</nowiki>amp;B<nowiki><br id="mwkg"></nowiki> ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |AUS<br /> ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |GER ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |IRE ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |NL ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |SWI ! style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |Burtaniya |- ! scope="row" |"Cha Cha Slide" |2000 |83 |24 |64 |83 |3 |12 |86 |1 |''Cha-Cha Slide: Kundin Slide na asali'' |- ! scope="row" |"Ka rufe kai a gefen kai" |2004 | - | - | - | - |25 | - | - |16| {{Non-album single}} |} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] ====MANAZARTA==== pjq2v5l1sj7wy0wqy4aqbgv06vwg2pp 0 133707 892744 786144 2026-08-08T05:51:09Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 892744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwalejin Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Canterbury''' makarantar sakandare ce ta gwamnati wacce ke kan titin Mangarra a Canterbury, Victoria, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]]. Makarantar tana ba da ilimi daga aji na 7 zuwa aji na 12 . Makarantar ta ƙunshi harabar jami'a guda ɗaya da ke unguwar Canterbury, kimanin kilomita tara daga Babban Gundumar Kasuwanci ta [[Melbourne]]. Makaranta ce da ba ta da zaɓi kuma yankin makarantarta ya haɗa da unguwannin Canterbury, Camberwell, Surrey Hills, Balwyn, Kew da Hawthorn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find my School |url=https://www.findmyschool.vic.gov.au/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=www.findmyschool.vic.gov.au}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, makarantar ta sami ɗalibai 775.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ACARA |title=School Profile |url=https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/45366 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807232603/https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/45366 |archive-date=2024-08-07 |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=My School |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref> Makarantar tana ba da darussan VCE da VET kuma tana da shirye-shirye na musamman a fannin kiɗa, wasanni da haɓaka jami'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canterbury Girls' Secondary College - Study Victoria |url=https://www.study.vic.gov.au/en/international-student-program/schools-and-programs/find-a-school/schools/canterbury-girls-secondary-college |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=www.study.vic.gov.au}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa ta a shekarar 1928 a matsayin Makarantar Fasaha ta Gida ta East Camberwell, tana kula da 'yan mata kuma tana ba da darussa har zuwa aji na 10. Ta zama Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Camberwell a shekarar 1958, tana da sunaye da dama a hukumance a cikin shekarun 1950. A shekarar 1961 aka ɗauki sunan Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Canterbury. A shekarar 1989, bayan tattaunawa da al'ummar makarantar, an canza sunan makarantar bisa ga manufofin gwamnati zuwa Kwalejin Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Canterbury. Har yanzu makarantar gwamnati ce ta 'yan mata. Kwalejin Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Canterbury ta kasance ta 17 a cikin dukkan makarantun sakandare na jihar Victoria bisa ga sakamakon VCE a shekarar 2018.[1] A shekarar 2021, a lokacin makaranta, wani bango ya ruguje wanda ya sa tubali da gilashi suka 'ruguje' wanda hakan ya sa aka yi kira da a ƙara kuɗi don gyaran gine-gine a makarantun gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ACARA |title=School Profile |url=https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/45366 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807232603/https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/45366 |archive-date=2024-08-07 |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=My School |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref> Babu wanda ya ji rauni a lamarin. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 5fe4n798od07cbdquq6ktmqy7w4qr8o 0 135200 892683 816385 2026-08-07T21:36:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Michael B. Kaplowitz''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Satumba, 1959) [[lauya]] ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka, mai tsara harkokin kuɗi kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Democrat daga Somers, New York . Ya kasance memba na Hukumar 'Yan Majalisa ta Gundumar Westchester kuma ya wakilci sassan New Castle, Somers da Yorktown . Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar daga 2014 zuwa 2017. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lohud.com/story/news/local/putnam/2018/05/19/thousands-still-without-power-putnam/626193002/|title=Thousands still without power in Putnam|work=lohud.com|access-date=2018-07-27|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tapinto.net/towns/yorktown/articles/county-shake-up-spells-end-for-kaplowitz-as-chair|title=County Shake-up Spells End for Kaplowitz as Chairman|work=TAPinto|access-date=2018-07-27|language=en|archive-date=2018-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727115500/https://www.tapinto.net/towns/yorktown/articles/county-shake-up-spells-end-for-kaplowitz-as-chair|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tarihin siyasa da kuma tarihin rayuwa == Shi da matarsa Jayne sun zauna a Somers tun 1989 kuma suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu waɗanda ke zuwa Makarantun Jama'a na Somers. <ref> name="two">{{Cite news |url = http://www.westchesterlegislators.com/Legislators/D4/Bio/index.htm |publisher = Westchester County Board of Legislators |title = Legislator Michael B. Kaplowitz official biography |access-date = 2008-02-17 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080224045834/http://www.westchesterlegislators.com/Legislators/D4/Bio/index.htm |archive-date = 2008-02-24 |url-status = dead }}</ref>Shi memba ne na Maris of Dimes Walk America, American Red Cross, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070801115557/http://www.kblaw.com/communityService/communityService.asp Asusun Haɗin gwiwa don Ayyukan Tsufa] da kuma ɗakunan kasuwanci da dama. Ya sami digirin BA a tarihi daga Jami'ar Pennsylvania a 1981 da kuma digirin JD daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Boston a 1984. Ya kuma zama CFP a 1986. Kaplowitz ya sanya shekarunsa na gogewa a harkokin kasuwanci a matsayin "tauraro mai jagora" ga shawarwarin da yake yankewa a matsayin ɗan majalisar gundumar. Bayan ya yi aiki a fannin kasuwanci, Kaplowitz ya yanke shawarar tsayawa takara don neman kujera a kwamitin 'yan majalisar gundumar Westchester a shekarar 1997 a gundumar da ta ƙunshi ƙauyukan Chappaqua da Millwood a garin New Castle ; Amawalk, Baldwin Place, Granite Springs, Lincolndale, da [[Shenorock]] a garin Somers ; da Crompond, Jefferson Valley, Kichtawan da Yorktown Heights a garin Yorktown . A ƙarshe ya sami nasara da ƙuri'u 35 kacal a kan RoseMarie Panio, wacce ita ce shugabar [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|jam'iyyar Republican]] ta Yorktown. Matsayinsa na kiyaye damarmaki na ƙarshe na Gundumar don sararin samaniya da kuma batutuwan kiyayewa ya sa ya sami yabo daga ƙungiyoyin kare muhalli a duk faɗin yankin da kuma amincewa da Ƙungiyar Masu Zaɓen Kare Muhalli ta New York a duk kamfen ɗinsa. Hakanan yana cikin ƙoƙarin majalisa don ci gaba da magance matsalar karkatar da najasa da haɓaka fifiko kuma yana goyon bayan mayar da Cibiyar Makamashi ta Indian Point zuwa cibiyar da ba ta [[Makamashin nukiliya|nukiliya]] ba. Shi mutum ne mai bayyana kansa a matsayin " mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na kuɗi ." === Nasarorin da kwamitin kasafin kuɗi ya samu === An naɗa Kaplowitz a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Kasafin Kuɗi da Raba Kuɗi a shekara ta 2003. Ya bayyana cewa hakan yana goyon bayan "adalci a haraji" kuma koyaushe yana goyon bayan harajin tallace-tallace akan harajin kadarori, kodayake a watan Mayu na 1998, Kaplowitz yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan majalisa huɗu da suka kaɗa ƙuri'a kan afuwa ga harajin tallace-tallace kan tufafi waɗanda ba su kai dala $500 ba. A watan Oktoba na 1998, Kaplowitz ya kaɗa ƙuri'a kan shiga cikin wani dakatarwar gwamnati na ɗan lokaci kan harajin tallace-tallace, yana mai nuna cewa za a buƙaci a ƙara harajin kadarori sosai idan gundumar ta yi akasin haka. Masu adawa sun yi jayayya cewa ta hanyar rage kashe kuɗi, hukumar za ta iya rama asarar kuɗin harajin tallace-tallace. <ref> name="nyt2" </ref> Saboda sasanta [http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/reports/settlements/state.php?StateID=NY shari'ar Jihar New York kan masana'antar taba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101022128/http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/reports/settlements/state.php?StateID=NY |date=2011-01-01 }}, hukumar ƙasar ta sami damar rage harajin kadarori da kusan kashi 1% a shekarar 1999. Yaƙin neman zaɓen Kaplowitz ya bayyana cewa ya yi aiki don ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Jiha, Gunduma, ƙananan hukumomi da gundumomin makarantu don samun kuɗin shiga na haraji na tallace-tallace a wani yunƙuri na rage nauyin harajin kadarori na gida. Kaplowitz ya shiga cikin neman agaji ga masu gidaje 354 na Arewacin Westchester waɗanda ke biyan harajin magudanar ruwa duk da cewa ba a taɓa haɗa su da magudanar ruwa ba. A shekarar 1999, abokin hamayyar Kaplowitz ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya goyi bayan shirin dala miliyan 3.5 don shigar da magudanar ruwa a wani yanki a wajen gundumarsa, yayin da shirin yi wa mazauna gundumarsa 354 da ya tara daga harajin magudanar ruwa waɗanda har yanzu ba su da sabis ya gaza warwarewa. A shekara ta 2000, Kaplowitz ya sami damar tallafawa shirin kasafin kuɗi na Shugaban Gundumar Andrew Spano wanda ya haɗa da rage haraji na 4.9%, mafi girma a tarihin ƙasar, kodayake ya haɗa da ƙara harajin magudanar ruwa. Duk da haka, a shekara ta 2001, an kawar da rage harajin bayan Kaplowitz ya zartar da shawarar da Shugaban Gundumar ya gabatar na ƙara harajin tallace-tallace na gundumar da .25%, ƙara harajin kadarori da 4%, da kuma ƙara kashe kuɗi da 7.3%. Shugaban Gundumar Spano ya bayyana cewa "Ba ni da wata alaƙa da abin da ya faru da tattalin arziki, da abin da ya faru a ranar 11 ga Satumba, da abin da ya faru da jihar. Waɗannan abubuwa ne da ban tsammanin kowa zai iya tsammani ba. … Ina tsammanin mun yi abu mai kyau da hankali a cikin wannan kasafin kuɗi." Kaplowitz ya bi sahun sauran 'yan Democrat a kwamitin gudanarwa wajen ɗaukar matakin gaba na shirin Spano, inda ya ƙara haraji da ƙarin kashi, yayin da ya ƙara ƙarin kuɗaɗen da za a kashe don ci gaba da buɗe Playland Ice Casino, da kuma taimakawa shirye-shiryen lafiyar kwakwalwa, ɗakunan karatu da shirye-shirye ga 'yan Latino, mata da marasa gidaje waɗanda suka wuce abin da Spano ya saka a cikin kasafin kuɗinsa. A shekara ta 2002, gundumar ta fuskanci wani shiri na ƙara kashi 31.7% na adadin da gundumar ke tarawa ta hanyar harajin kadarori, mafi girma tun 1968, na biyu mafi girma a tarihin gundumar, kuma na biyu tun lokacin da Kaplowitz ya hau mulki, wanda ya haɗa da ƙaruwar harajin kadarori na gundumar zuwa $4.59 a kowace $1,000 na darajar kadarori a shekara mai zuwa, daga $3.83. Duk da cewa 'yan majalisa ciki har da Kaplowitz sun yi ƙoƙarin yin kira ga jihar da ta ba da izinin ƙara harajin tallace-tallace da kashi 1% maimakon ƙara harajin kadarori, ƙungiyar ta gaza, kuma Kaplowitz ta kaɗa ƙuri'a don amincewa da ƙarin harajin kadarori na kashi 14.8% wanda ya wuce kafin wa'adin kasafin kuɗi. A matsayinsa na shugaban kwamitin kasafin kuɗi, Kaplowitz ya nuna cewa kashe kuɗi ya ƙaru da kashi 3.4% kacal daga 1998 zuwa 2003. Ya kaɗa ƙuri'a don amincewa da ƙarin kashi 30% na kuɗin wayar salula na wata-wata, wanda ya samar da dala miliyan 1.4 don haɓaka tsarin gaggawa na gida. An sake zaɓen Kaplowitz, kodayake abokin hamayyarsa ya bayyana a wannan shekarar, Gundumar Westchester tana da mafi girman harajin kadarori a Jihar New York, kuma mafi girman harajin tallace-tallace a wajen Birnin New York da Long Island, tare da matsakaicin kuɗin harajin kadarori ga gidan da mai shi ke zaune a Westchester na dala 6,826 - mafi girma a cikin gundumomi 57 na jihar kuma fiye da ninki biyu na matsakaicin jihar na dala 2,847. Haka kuma, duk gundumomin makarantu 40 na Westchester sun ƙara harajin kadarori a wannan shekarar, ban da ƙarin kashi 14.9 cikin ɗari na harajin kadarori na gundumar da Kaplowitz ya amince da shi bayan jihar ta ƙi buƙatarsu ta ƙara kashi 1 na harajin tallace-tallace na gundumar da maki 1. A ƙarshen shekarar 2003, an yi gargadin cewa wani yunƙuri na ƙara yawan masu fafutukar ƙara harajin tallace-tallace zai gaza, Kaplowitz ya kaɗa ƙuri'a kan kasafin kuɗi na dala biliyan 1.4 wanda ya ƙara harajin kadarori da kashi 8.5% da harajin tallace-tallace da kashi 1%. Membobin majalisar da suka wakilci Westchester a Albany sun ce sun yi adawa da ƙarin harajin tallace-tallace, wanda ya isa ya karya irin wannan shawara a bara. A ƙarƙashin jagorancin ɗan majalisa Richard Brodsky na [[Greenburgh, New York|Greenburgh]], sun ba da shawarar ƙarin haraji da kuɗaɗen shiga don taimakawa wajen daidaita kasafin kuɗin gundumar, gami da ƙara harajin jinginar gida da faɗaɗa isa ga harajin tallace-tallace da ake da shi don rufe abubuwan da ba a biyan haraji a yanzu. Daga ƙarshe Majalisar ta amince ta ƙara harajin tallace-tallace da rabin kashi maimakon ƙarin kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari da aka nema a cikin kasafin kuɗin da hukumar 'yan majalisa ta amince da shi, kuma shirin kashe kuɗi na dala biliyan 1.4 da majalisar gundumar ta amince da shi a watan Disamba ya haɗa da ƙarin kashi 8.5 cikin ɗari na harajin gidaje kuma ta yi zaton cewa ƙarin kuɗaɗen shiga za su fito ne daga ƙarin harajin tallace-tallace. A farkon 2004, Kaplowitz ya kaɗa ƙuri'a don goyon bayan kasafin kuɗin da aka gyara wanda ya ƙara tara harajin gidaje na gundumomi da ƙarin kashi 10 cikin ɗari daga adadin da aka amince da shi a watan Disamba don rage gibin kasafin kuɗi daga raguwar karuwar harajin tallace-tallace, kuma lokacin da matakin ya zartar, Gundumar Westchester ta ƙare da ƙarin kashi 18.82 cikin ɗari na harajin gidaje a lokacin 2004 fiye da yadda ta yi a 2003. A martanin da Kaplowitz ya mayar ga shekara ta biyu a jere na karuwar harajin kadarori mai lambobi biyu, ya bayyana cewa a matsayinsa na shugaban kwamitin kasafin kudi "ƙarin kashe kuɗi ya nuna ƙaruwar umarnin jiha kamar ƙarin kuɗaɗen Medicaid da fansho. Don biyan wasu kuɗaɗen da za a kashe, 'yan majalisar gunduma sun ƙirƙiri asusun gaggawa na dala miliyan 11.8. Asusun zai iya taimakawa wajen biyan kuɗin sabis na bas idan Albany ya gaza samun ƙarin taimako, da kuma taimakawa wajen samar da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Westchester da ke fama da ƙarancin kuɗi da kuma tara kuɗi nan gaba ga ma'aikatan da ke cikin ƙungiyar." Ta hanyar ajiye kuɗi a gefe, 'yan majalisar sun yi fatan sake kwantar da hankalin hukumomin bashi bayan da Moody's ya sanya ƙimar lamuni ta triple-A ta gundumar a cikin bita na 'kuskuren hannu' na kwanaki 90, yana mai ambaton alhakin gundumar na wani ɓangare na bashin cibiyar lafiya. Kaplowitz ya ce jami'an gundumar sun aiwatar da karin harajin kadarori na biyu mai lambobi biyu na kashi 14.8 cikin 100 a shekarar 2003 saboda kunshin karin harajin tallace-tallace da aka yi shawarwari da 'yan majalisar jihar zai samar da dala miliyan 50 a wannan shekarar, wanda ya bar Westchester da gibin dala miliyan 22 da za a cike, wanda ke nuna asusun gaggawa da kuma dala miliyan 10 na rubuta kudaden da cibiyar lafiya ke bin Westchester wanda ba za a biya gundumar ba. Kaplowitz ya bayyana cewa "Kamfanoni suna da shekaru marasa kyau, kuma abin takaici gwamnatoci suna da shekaru marasa kyau. Da fatan, wannan shine ƙarshen shekaru biyu marasa kyau a jere". A shekara ta 2004, Kwamitin Kasafin Kudi bai kara haraji ba a karon farko cikin shekaru hudu, duk da cewa kasafin kudin ya kara kashe kudaden kananan hukumomi da kashi 4%. A shekara ta 2005, Shugaban Hukumar Spano ta Gundumar ya sanar da wani shiri na kara wa matakan jihar kudi don magance matsalar rashin kudi [http://www.worldclassmedicine.com/ a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Westchester] . <ref>{{Cite news |title=County Shake-up Spells End for Kaplowitz as Chairman |url=https://www.tapinto.net/towns/yorktown/articles/county-shake-up-spells-end-for-kaplowitz-as-chair |access-date=2018-07-27 |work=TAPinto |language=en |archive-date=2018-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727115500/https://www.tapinto.net/towns/yorktown/articles/county-shake-up-spells-end-for-kaplowitz-as-chair |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shawarar ta kunshi sake ba da kudi ga abin da ake kira "takardun inshorar taba" da aka sayar a shekarar 1999 bayan kammala shari'o'in kasa kan masana'antun taba. Sake ba da kudi ga cibiyar lafiya ya ba ta kudi nan take na dala miliyan 27 da kuma yiwuwar samun tallafin kudi nan gaba. Membobin majalisar dokoki ciki har da Kaplowitz sun dauki nauyin wannan mataki, kodayake ana ganin cewa Spano, Sanata Nick Spano na Jiha, da kuma dan majalisar dokoki Richard Brodsky ne suka fi daukar nauyin ceto, wanda ya hada da karin dala miliyan 75 daga harajin kananan hukumomi, karin kudade da kuma masu biyan haraji na jihohi daga wasu kananan hukumomi. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Thousands still without power in Putnam |url=https://www.lohud.com/story/news/local/putnam/2018/05/19/thousands-still-without-power-putnam/626193002/ |access-date=2018-07-27 |work=lohud.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=Thousands still without power in Putnam |url=https://www.lohud.com/story/news/local/putnam/2018/05/19/thousands-still-without-power-putnam/626193002/ |access-date=2018-07-27 |work=lohud.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=Thousands still without power in Putnam |url=https://www.lohud.com/story/news/local/putnam/2018/05/19/thousands-still-without-power-putnam/626193002/ |access-date=2018-07-27 |work=lohud.com |language=en}}</ref> Kasafin kudin shekarar 2006 ya kunshi karin harajin kadarori da kashi 4.5%, tare da jimillar kasafin kudin ya karu da kashi 3.9% daga shekarar 2005, wani bangare kuma daga karbar kudi dala miliyan 14.4 na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Westchester, ga jimillar kasafin kudin gwamnatin gunduma na dala biliyan 1.54. Matsayin ma'aikatan gunduma kuma zai karu a karon farko cikin shekaru takwas da suka gabata, daga ma'aikata 4,560 zuwa 4,655. 'Yan Republican a cikin tsirarun mutane sun ba da shawarar rage kashe kuɗi don guje wa ƙarin haraji, amma Kaplowitz ya kira lissafin Republican "mara dorewa" kuma "ba gaskiya ba ne", yana mai cewa "Yau ita ce ranar yanke shawara ga kasafin kuɗin gundumar na 2006. Bayan tattaunawa, tattaunawa, da kuma, wataƙila, firgici, mambobi 17 na Hukumar 'Yan Majalisa za su taru don yanke shawara kan abin da ya rage a cikin shirin kashe kuɗi na dala biliyan 1.54, abin da zai faru, da kuma adadin ƙarshe ga masu biyan haraji. Ina neman in rage da rage da kuma rage da kuma komawa ga wani tunanin kuɗi ta hanyar biyan kuɗi da saka hannun jari a cikin abin da za mu iya biya da kuma rage abin da za mu iya da kuma ƙirƙirar wani tsarin kuɗi na gaske, mai amfani." A lokacin da ake kaɗa ƙuri'a don ƙara haraji, Kaplowitz ya kira shi wani shiri wanda "ya dace da damuwar dukkan mazauna Westchester". <ref name="anderson053" /> Yawancin karin haraji a kasafin kudin ya fito ne daga karbar dala miliyan 14.4 a fannin kulawa da sauran kuɗaɗen da aka kashe a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Westchester wanda Kaplowitz ya kira "wani ɓangare na 'tsarin dogon lokaci don dorewa' ga asibitin", yayin da 'yan Republican na hukumar suka nuna cewa gundumar za ta iya tattara waɗannan kuɗaɗen, suna nuna rarar asibitin na 2006. Kasafin kuɗin 2007 daga kwamitin Kaplowitz ya ƙara harajin kadarori da wani kashi 3.5%, a ƙarƙashin kasafin kuɗi na dala biliyan 1.7 da Majalisar Dokokin Gundumar ta amince da shi. Kasafin kuɗin ya haɗa da sabbin ayyukan gundumomi 77, da kuma ƙarin kashi 7.5% na kuɗaɗen ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke gudanar da shirye-shiryen fasaha da ayyukan ɗan adam ga gundumar a ƙarƙashin kwangila. A ƙarshen 2007, Bill Ryan, shugaban majalisar dokokin Gundumar, ya sanar da shirye-shiryen wani shirin diyya wanda zai ƙara albashinsa da kashi 90% kuma ya ƙara yawan albashin sauran 'yan majalisarsa. Ga adawar Ryan da sauran 'yan Democrat a hukumar, Kaplowitz, wanda da farko ya kare ƙarin, daga baya ya yi adawa da cewa, "Ban yi imani an gabatar da ƙara mai ƙarfi don tallafawa ƙarin albashi ba. Bugu da ƙari, ba a ba da sanarwar jama'a ko damar da ta dace don shigar da jama'a a kan lokaci ba. Saboda haka, ƙarin albashi ba shi da inganci a wannan lokacin." A shekarar 2005, kwamitin ya kaɗa ƙuri'a don ƙara albashin zuwa dala 40,000 na yanzu, kuma membobin kwamitin sun kuma kaɗa ƙuri'a kan jerin kuɗaɗen da za a bai wa shugabannin kwamitoci da sauran mukamai na shugabanci. Matakin da aka ɗauka a shekarar 2007 ya haɗa da wani ƙarin diyya, kuma ya ƙara duk sauran kuɗaɗen da hukumar ke biya, ciki har da ƙara albashin mataimakin shugaban daga dala 12,000 zuwa dala 15,000. <ref name="ryan01" /> Kaplowitz bai mayar da wani ƙarin albashi ko kuɗin kashe kuɗi da ya karɓa ba. Kasafin kuɗi na dala biliyan 1.77 da Kaplowitz ya amince da shi a shekarar 2008 ya sake ƙara harajin kadarori, a wannan karon da kashi 3.89%, tare da ƙaruwar kashe kuɗi na dala miliyan 4.2, don ayyukan zamantakewa da shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya iri-iri. Kaplowitz ya kiyasta cewa kusan kashi uku cikin huɗu na kashe kuɗi an yi su ne don dawo da shirye-shiryen da Babban Jami'in Yankin Spano ya cire. Sun haɗa da ayyukan kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa ga yara, ƙoƙarin kare korar mutane da kuma ayyukan wayar da kan baƙi." Kaplowitz ya yi tsokaci bayan ƙuri'ar cewa "Masu biyan haraji na gundumar suna siyan gwamnati mai riƙon amana da muhimman ayyuka akan farashi mai kyau." <ref name="blain08" /> Ya lura cewa wannan shine karo na tara cikin shekaru goma da 'yan majalisar suka rage farashin harajin da Hukumar Gudanarwa ta Gundumar ta gabatar, yana mai cewa "Wannan kasafin kuɗi yana nuna cewa muna cimma burin manufofinmu na samar da tabbas kan kasafin kuɗi daga shekara zuwa shekara." Duk da haka, ƙaruwar harajin kadarori na dindindin ya haifar da wasu ce-ce-ku-ce yanzu da Kamfanin Pepsi Bottling Group, wanda ke cikin garin Somers na Kaplowitz, ya sanar da cewa yana ƙalubalantar kimanta harajinsa a kotu kuma yana tunanin ƙaura daga Westchester. Tun daga 2000, harajin kadarori a Westchester ya ƙaru da kashi 54%. === Yaƙin neman zaɓe na Majalisar Dattawan Jihar New York === Kaplowitz sau biyu yana ƙaddamar da kamfen don wakiltar gunduma ta 40 a Majalisar Dattawan Jihar New York, kujerar Hudson Valley wadda a al'ada ta dogara ga 'yan Republican. A wannan ƙoƙarin, ya nemi sake mayar da kansa a matsayin mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na harkokin kuɗi. ==== 2006 ==== A shekara ta 2006, Kaplowitz ya ƙaddamar da takarar neman mukamai mafi girma a Majalisar Dattawan Jihar New York, Gundumar 40, inda ya yi ƙoƙarin kawar da Vinnie Leibell, ɗan Republican mai ci a yanzu. Kaplowitz ya sami kwarin gwiwar tsayawa takarar kujerar ne sakamakon shekarar zaɓe da ta ga yankin ya samu ci gaba a fannin 'yan Democrat. Duk da manyan matsaloli kamar rashin nasarar da aka samu a hannun 'yar majalisar wakilai ta Republican mai ci Sue Kelly, Kaplowitz bai yi nasara ba. Ya sami kashi 45.6% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. ==== 2010 ==== A watan Afrilun 2010, Kaplowitz ya ƙaddamar da kamfen ɗinsa na neman kujerar Sanatan Jihar New York, Gundumar 40. Sanata mai ci Vincent Leibell ya tsaya takarar Shugaban Gundumar a Gundumar Putnam, wanda hakan ya sa Gundumar 40 ta zama wurin zama a buɗe. Ɗan majalisar dokoki na jam'iyyar Republican Greg Ball, wanda ya yi wa'adi biyu a majalisar dokoki ta jiha, wanda ke wakiltar gundumar majalisar dokoki ta 99, ya yi adawa da Kaplowitz. Ball ya kayar da mai kula da garin Somers Mary Beth Murphy cikin sauƙi a zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Republican, sannan ya kayar da Kaplowitz a babban zaɓen. === Tarihin zaɓe === {{Election box begin|title=[[Westchester County Board of Legislators|Westchester County Legislator - District 4]], 2007<ref name="Election6">{{Cite news |url=http://www.westchestergov.com/pdfs/BOE_2007GeneralCanvassBook.pdf |publisher=Westchester County Board of Elections |title=2007 General Canvass Election Results |year=2007 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911155454/http://www.westchestergov.com/pdfs/BOE_2007GeneralCanvassBook.pdf |archivedate=2008-09-11 }}</ref>}} {{Election box candidate with party link|}} {{Election box candidate with party link|}} {{End}}{{Election box begin|title=[[New York State Senate|New York State Senate, 40th District]], 2006<ref name="Election7">{{Cite news |url=http://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/elections/2006/general/2006_sen.pdf |publisher=New York State Board of Elections |title=2006 State Senate Election Results |year=2006 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822221238/http://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/elections/2006/general/2006_sen.pdf |archivedate=2012-08-22 }}</ref>}} {{Election box candidate with party link|}} {{Election box candidate with party link|}} {{End}}{{Election box begin|title=[[Westchester County Board of Legislators|Westchester County Legislator - District 4]], 2005<ref name="Election5">{{Cite news |url=http://www.westchestergov.com/boe/images/2005%20Gen%20Canvass%20Bk.pdf |publisher=Westchester County Board of Elections |title=2005 General Canvass Election Results |year=2005 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911155503/http://www.westchestergov.com/boe/images/2005%20Gen%20Canvass%20Bk.pdf |archivedate=2008-09-11 }}</ref>}} {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Democratic Party (US)|candidate=Michael B. Kaplowitz (I)|votes=10069|percentage=66.1|change=Democrat '''hold'''}} {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Republican Party (US)|candidate=Rand Neveloff|votes=5154|percentage=33.9|change=}} {{End}}{{Election box begin|title=[[Westchester County Board of Legislators|Westchester County Legislator - District 4]], 2003<ref name="Election4">{{Cite news |url=http://www.westchestergov.com/boe/images/2003%20Gen%20Canvass%20Bk.pdf |publisher=Westchester County Board of Elections |title=2003 General Canvass Election Results |year=2003 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911155458/http://www.westchestergov.com/boe/images/2003%20Gen%20Canvass%20Bk.pdf |archivedate=2008-09-11 }}</ref>}} {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Democratic Party (US)|candidate=Michael B. Kaplowitz (I)|votes=6662|percentage=54.4|change=Democrat '''hold'''}} {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Republican Party (US)|candidate=Mark C. Fang|votes=5580|percentage=45.6|change=}} {{End}}{{Election box begin|title=[[Westchester County Board of Legislators|Westchester County Legislator - District 4]], 2001<ref name="Election3">{{Cite news |url=http://www.westchestergov.com/boe/images/2001%20Gen%20Canvass%20Bk.pdf |publisher=Westchester County Board of Elections |title=2001 General Canvass Election Results |year=2001 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911155509/http://www.westchestergov.com/boe/images/2001%20Gen%20Canvass%20Bk.pdf |archivedate=2008-09-11 }}</ref>}} {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Democratic Party (US)|candidate=Michael B. Kaplowitz (I)|votes=7460|percentage=57.1|change=Democrat '''hold'''}} {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Republican Party (US)|candidate=Mark C. Fang|votes=5601|percentage=42.9|change=}} {{End}}{{Election box begin|title=[[Westchester County Board of Legislators|Westchester County Legislator - District 4]], 1999<ref name="Election2">{{Cite news |url=http://www.westchestergov.com/boe/images/1999%20Gen%20Canvass%20Bk.pdf |publisher=Westchester County Board of Elections |title=1999 General Canvass Election Results |year=1999 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181438/http://www.westchestergov.com/boe/images/1999%20Gen%20Canvass%20Bk.pdf |archivedate=2007-09-30 }}</ref>}} {{Election box candidate with party link|}} {{Election box candidate with party link|}} {{End}}{{Election box begin}} {{Election box candidate with party link|}} {{Election box candidate with party link|}} {{End}} * Gundumar Westchester, New York == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6dzus74i3mop1hnhg6y3glpmpnwevv2 0 135730 892639 778402 2026-08-07T19:48:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Max L. Heine''' (1911 - 12 ga Fabrairu, 1988) mai saka hannun jari ne kuma manajan asusun a birnin New York. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Max, ɗalibin shari'a Bayahude a Berlin, ya tsere daga Jamus ta Nazi a shekarar 1934 zuwa birnin New York, inda ya sami aiki a wani babban shagon sayar da kayayyaki. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20011114231446/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/01_37/b3748006.htm ''Business Week''] Sept 10, 2001.</ref><ref>[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1318/is_11_53/ai_56951978 Kiplinger's Personal Finance Magazine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090104130456/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1318/is_11_53/ai_56951978/print |date=2009-01-04 }} Nov 1999.</ref> Wani lokaci a ƙarshen shekarun 1930 ko farkon shekarun 1940, Max ya ci karo da littafin gargajiya kan zuba jari mai daraja, ''wato Nazarin Tsaro'' na Benjamin Graham, wanda sanannen mai ba da shawara ga sauran masu zuba jari masu daraja, ciki har da [[Warren Buffett]] . Ya yanke shawarar saka duk kuɗin da shi da sabuwar amaryarsa suka mallaka a cikin takardun kuɗin layin dogo da suka lalace. Ta hanyar nazarin ƙimar kadarorin da ke ƙasa (filaye, kayan aikin jirgin ƙasa, tarkacen ƙarfe, da sauransu) da kuma yin lissafin jimlar ƙimarsa a kansu, ya sami babban riba akan ƙaramin jarin da ya saka. Wannan zurfin nazarin ƙimar ya zama hanyarsa ta saka hannun jari kuma ya kafa Heine Securities a matsayin kamfanin gudanar da saka hannun jari. A shekarar 1949, Heine ya kafa asusun '''hannun jari na Mutual Shares''', wani asusun haɗin gwiwa wanda kamfaninsa, Heine Securities ke gudanarwa, kuma har yanzu yana nan a yau a matsayin wani ɓangare na dangin Franklin Templeton . Abin da wannan da sauran asusun Mutual Series suka fi mayar da hankali a kai ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai matuƙar muhimmanci da kuma damuwa game da saka hannun jari na kamfanoni. A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Max, ƙungiyar zuba jari ta Mutual Series of funds ta kula da ƙaramin rukunin masu zuba jari na musamman, waɗanda suka mallaki kimanin dala miliyan 5 kawai a shekarar 1975. Sun ƙware a cikin tsofaffin abokan ciniki masu daraja waɗanda ba su da masu ba da shawara kan harkokin kuɗi, kuma sun rage kashe kuɗi ta hanyar rashin biyan kwamitoci ko "hanyoyi" na 12b-1 . Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Stern da ke Jami'ar New York tana da matsayi na farfesa, Farfesa Max L. Heine na Kudi, wanda aka sanya masa suna. Tun daga watan Maris na 2007, Edward I. Altman ne ke riƙe da wannan matsayi wanda ya riƙe shi tun 1988. Heine ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1988 lokacin da wata mota ta buge shi yayin da yake hutu a Tucson, Arizona . Labarin rasuwarsa ya bayyana a jaridar ''[[New York Times]]'' . Ya bar 'ya'ya mata uku, Doris, Karin da Peggy da jikoki huɗu. Daga nan sai aka mayar da ragamar shirin Mutual Series ga kakansa Michael Price, wanda ya riga ya kasance cikakken abokin tarayya a gudanar da kamfanin tun 1982. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1911]] lwfbbvtz1spdvfhcz4wvawe5f9ap398 0 135828 892610 883216 2026-08-07T14:53:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Margit Kovács''' (1902-1977) ɗan ƙasar [[Hungariya|Hungarian]] ceramist ne kuma mai sassaƙa. [[Fayil:Kovács_Margit_budai_kerámia.jpg|right|thumb|290x290px|Madonna da yarinya a gundumar Castle, Budapest]] An haifi Margit Kovács a cikin dangin Yahudawa 'yan Hungary <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2018 |title=Margit Kovacs -- the Life of a Hungarian Jewish Artist 1902-1977 |url=https://www.israeldiaries.com/margit-kovacs-the-life-of-a-hungarian-jewish-artist-1902-1977/ |access-date=11 January 2026 |archive-date=11 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251111163820/https://www.israeldiaries.com/margit-kovacs-the-life-of-a-hungarian-jewish-artist-1902-1977/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> a Győr, [[Hungariya|Hungary]] a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1902. Da farko tana son zama mai zane-zane amma ta fara sha'awar zane-zane a shekarun 1920 kuma ta je Vienna tare da Hertha Bücher, wani shahararren mai zane-zanen yumbu na Austria, daga 1926-1928. Sannan ta yi karatun zane-zanen yumbu a [[München|Munich]] a Makarantar Fasaha ta Jiha a ƙarƙashin Karl Killer (1928-29). Ta kasance ɗaliba a nan, a lokacin abokiyar Julia Bathory ta tsawon rai, mai zane-zanen gilashi. Ta yi karatu a [[Kwapanhagan|Copenhagen]] a 1932 kuma a 1933 tana aiki a masana'antar Sèvres Porcelain inda ta ƙware a fannin zane-zane da yumbu chamotte don yin siffofi. Ta lashe kyaututtuka na ƙasashen duniya a [[Milano|Milan]], [[Faris|Paris]], [[Berlin]], Brussels da [[Rum|Rome]]. Ta shahara sosai a Hungary kuma ta sami kwamitocin gwamnati da yawa. Gwamnatin Kwaminisanci ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Mawakan Girki a shekarar 1959. == Aiki == Baje kolin farko da ta yi a bainar jama'a ya kasance a [[Budapest]] a shekarar 1928 kuma tun daga lokacin ne ta fara samun karbuwa kuma ta ci gaba da aiki a duk tsawon yakin duniya na biyu. Ta samar da mutum-mutumi, tukwane, faranti, allunan bango da kuma zane-zanen tayal. Manyan jigoginta su ne al'adun ƙauye, rayuwar iyali da labaran Littafi Mai Tsarki. Ayyukanta sun bambanta sosai amma ana siffanta su da layuka masu gudana waɗanda ke lanƙwasawa don tayar da hankali. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukanta na fasaha na addini shine ƙofar Cocin Saint Emeric (Szent Imre Templom) na Győr (1939–1940).<ref>Pataky-Brestyánszky</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1902]] 9iy0n3wa65qd33hpl2nxa3x9wprlinx 0 136015 892805 778910 2026-08-08T09:57:42Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892805 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Nashr al-Tib fi Zikr al-Nabi al-Habib''''' (Urdu) tarihin rayuwar [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]] ne wanda Ashraf Ali Thanwi ya rubuta a cikin shekarar 1911-1912, a lokacin barkewar cutar a Indiya. Littafin ya kunshi surori 41 kuma ya gabatar da Muhammadu a matsayin kyauta ga dukan sararin samaniya. Yana bincika fannoni daban-daban na rayuwarsa, koyarwarsa, da halayensa, yana nuna tasirinsa a kan bil'adama.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fakharuddin |first=Muhammad |date=2020-06-30 |title=An Analytical Study of the Nashr al-Tīb fi Zikr-un-Nabi Al-Habib |url=https://www.alamir.com.pk/index.php/ojs/article/view/13 |journal=Al-Amīr |language=en |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=56–68 |issn=2790-9328}}</ref> == Tushen == Game da tushen da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin littafin, marubucin da kansa ya ambaci cewa yayin da yake rubuta ''''Nashr al-Tib'' fi Zikr al-Nabi al-Habib'', ya ambaci ayyukan kamar ''[[Kutub al-Sittah|Kutub al-Sitta]]'' da ''Ash-Shama'il al-Muhammadiyya'' . Bugu da ƙari, marubucin ya yi amfani da wasu mahimman matani kamar ''[[Zad al-Ma'ad]]'', ''Al-Muwahib al-Ladunniyyah'', littattafan Sirat ciki har da <nowiki><i id="mwJQ">Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah</i></nowiki> . Bugu da ƙari, marubucin ya yi amfani da mujallar Larabci da ake kira ''Shamim al-Habib'' har zuwa yadda za'a iya la'akari da Nashr al-Tib a matsayin fassarar abubuwan da ke ciki.{{Sfn|Khanam|2018}} == Fassara == A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1980, Gidauniyar Musulunci ta Bangladesh ta buga fassarar Bengali ta farko ta littafin mai taken "Je Fuler Khoshbute Sara Jahan Matwara (The Flower Who Fragrance Has Enthralled The Entire World). " Muhammad Aminul Islam na Masallacin Lalbagh Shahi ne ya fassara fassarar. Mai fassara littafin Turanci shine Muhammad Sajjad Yunus, kuma ana kiransa "Memembering The Beloved Prophet (S)." == Karɓar baƙi == Muhammad Mian Siddique ya ce ya ƙunshi dukkan fannoni na rayuwar Muhammad a takaice a cikin salon rubutu mai sauƙi da santsi wanda ke guje wa harshe mai rikitarwa, kuma cewa ƙaddamar da ɗabi'a da aka zana bayan kowane batu yana inganta littafin. Abul Khair Kashfaqi ya ce ya haɗa da hadisai masu zurfi waɗanda ke haskakawa game da kyawawan halaye na Muhammadu, ladabi na zamantakewa, da ayyukan yau da kullun. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} *   == Haɗin waje == * [[iarchive:NashrUlTaeyab|''Nashr al-Tib fi Zikr al-Nabi al-Habib'']] a Intanet ArchiveTarihin Intanet 6b9770l8c5ycbzc72muw9bpg7ckj8u5 892819 892805 2026-08-08T10:01:50Z Mahuta 11340 892819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Nashr al-Tib fi Zikr al-Nabi al-Habib''''' (Urdu) tarihin rayuwar [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]] ne wanda Ashraf Ali Thanwi ya rubuta a cikin shekarar 1911-1912, a lokacin barkewar cutar a Indiya. Littafin ya kunshi surori 41 kuma ya gabatar da Muhammadu a matsayin kyauta ga dukan sararin samaniya. Yana bincika fannoni daban-daban na rayuwarsa, koyarwarsa, da halayensa, yana nuna tasirinsa a kan bil'adama.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fakharuddin |first=Muhammad |date=2020-06-30 |title=An Analytical Study of the Nashr al-Tīb fi Zikr-un-Nabi Al-Habib |url=https://www.alamir.com.pk/index.php/ojs/article/view/13 |journal=Al-Amīr |language=en |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=56–68 |issn=2790-9328}}</ref> == Tushen == Game da tushen da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin littafin, marubucin da kansa ya ambaci cewa yayin da yake rubuta ''''Nashr al-Tib'' fi Zikr al-Nabi al-Habib'', ya ambaci ayyukan kamar ''[[Kutub al-Sittah|Kutub al-Sitta]]'' da ''Ash-Shama'il al-Muhammadiyya'' . Bugu da ƙari, marubucin ya yi amfani da wasu mahimman matani kamar ''[[Zad al-Ma'ad]]'', ''Al-Muwahib al-Ladunniyyah'', littattafan Sirat ciki har da <nowiki><i id="mwJQ">Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah</i></nowiki> . Bugu da ƙari, marubucin ya yi amfani da mujallar Larabci da ake kira ''Shamim al-Habib'' har zuwa yadda za'a iya la'akari da Nashr al-Tib a matsayin fassarar abubuwan da ke ciki.{{Sfn|Khanam|2018}} == Fassara == A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1980, Gidauniyar Musulunci ta Bangladesh ta buga fassarar Bengali ta farko ta littafin mai taken "Je Fuler Khoshbute Sara Jahan Matwara (The Flower Who Fragrance Has Enthralled The Entire World). " Muhammad Aminul Islam na Masallacin Lalbagh Shahi ne ya fassara fassarar. Mai fassara littafin Turanci shine Muhammad Sajjad Yunus, kuma ana kiransa "Memembering The Beloved Prophet (S)." == Karɓar baƙi == Muhammad Mian Siddique ya ce ya ƙunshi dukkan fannoni na rayuwar Muhammad a takaice a cikin salon rubutu mai sauƙi da santsi wanda ke guje wa harshe mai rikitarwa, kuma cewa ƙaddamar da ɗabi'a da aka zana bayan kowane batu yana inganta littafin. Abul Khair Kashfaqi ya ce ya haɗa da hadisai masu zurfi waɗanda ke haskakawa game da kyawawan halaye na Muhammadu, ladabi na zamantakewa, da ayyukan yau da kullun. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} *   == Haɗin waje == * [[iarchive:NashrUlTaeyab|''Nashr al-Tib fi Zikr al-Nabi al-Habib'']] a Intanet ArchiveTarihin Intanet fbyflux1dzh38kkp19gsykyqo3ectcg 0 137272 892816 781168 2026-08-08T10:01:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892816 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francisco''' " '''Paco''' " '''Alcácer García''' ( ; an haife shi a ranar 30 ga Agusta 1993) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Sipaniya wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . Bayan ya fito daga jerin matasan Valencia, ya fara wasa da ƙungiyar farko a shekarar 2010, kuma ya zama ɗan wasa na yau da kullun bayan ya koma Getafe a matsayin aro, inda jimillar kwallaye 43 a wasanni 118. A shekarar 2016 ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zuwa Barcelona akan Yuro 30. miliyan, inda ya lashe kofuna biyu na Copa del Rey da kuma gasar La Liga ta 2017-18 a lokacin da yake riƙe da kambun Luis Suárez kafin ya tafi Borussia Dortmund a matsayin aro. Ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin a Jamus a farkon 2019 bayan fara wasa cikin nasara. Ya koma Spain a watan Janairun 2020, inda ya lashe gasar UEFA Europa League ta 2020-21 tare da Villarreal . Alcácer ya lashe gasar cin kofin Turai sau biyu tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Spain, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa a shekarar 2014. == Aikin kulob == === Valencia === ==== halarta ta farko a babbar jami'a ==== An haife shi a Torrent, a yankin Valencian Community, Alcácer ya fito ne daga ƙungiyar matasa ta [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] . Ya fara buga wasa a matakin farko a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 yana ɗan shekara 16 kacal, inda ya zira kwallaye uku a wasanni 15 tare da ƙungiyar da ke riƙe da kambun kuma ya fuskanci faduwa daga Segunda División B. A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2010, Alcácer ya bayyana a wasansa na farko da ƙungiyar farko, inda ya buga cikakken mintuna 90 a wasan da suka yi nasara a gida da UD Logroñés – 7-1 a jimilla – a gasar Copa del Rey (wasan kuma shi ne na babban ɗan wasan Isco ). <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2010 |title=A octavos (4–1) |trans-title=To the round of 16 (4–1) |url=http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html |access-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=Valencia CF |language=es}}</ref> A wannan kakar, ya zura kwallaye 27 don taimakawa ƙungiyar B ta koma mataki na uku a matsayin zakarun gasar. <ref name="Resultados">{{Cite web |title=P. Alcácer |url=https://www.resultados-futbol.com/jugador/2011/P-Alcacer-39979 |access-date=26 November 2018 |publisher=Resultados Fútbol |language=es |archive-date=26 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126221546/https://www.resultados-futbol.com/jugador/2011/P-Alcacer-39979 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Mission">{{Cite web |last=Pulido |first=Víctor |date=29 May 2011 |title=Objetivo cumplido |trans-title=Mission accomplished |url=http://www.deportevalenciano.com/2011/05/29/objetivo-cumplido |access-date=26 November 2018 |publisher=Deporte Valenciano |language=es}}</ref> ==== kakar 2011–12 ==== A ranar 12 ga Agusta 2011, bayan da Alcácer ya ci kwallo ta uku kuma ta ƙarshe a wasan sada zumunta da Roma da ci 3-0, kuma yana barin filin wasa na Mestalla tare da iyayensa, mahaifinsa ya faɗi ƙasa bayan ya kamu da [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] ; duk da ƙoƙarin da likitoci suka yi na minti 30 don farfaɗo da shi, ɗan wasan mai shekaru 44 ya mutu. Ya koma atisaye ƙasa da mako guda bayan haka don "manufofin magani", kuma ya buga wasa gaba ɗaya tare da 'yan wasan baya kwana uku bayan haka. <ref name="BDF1112">{{Cite web |title=Alcácer: Francisco Alcácer García – Matches 2011–12 |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/es/p/j300522.html?temp=2011-12 |access-date=26 November 2018 |publisher=BDFutbol}}</ref> Alcácer ya fara buga wasa a gasar [[La Liga]] a Valencia a ranar 14 ga Janairun 2012, inda ya maye gurbin [[Sofiane Feghouli]] a minti 20 na ƙarshe na rashin nasara a hannun Real Sociedad da ci 1-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2010 |title=A octavos (4–1) |trans-title=To the round of 16 (4–1) |url=http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html |access-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=Valencia CF |language=es}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni biyu na ɗan gajeren lokaci daga benci, yayin da yake zura kwallaye a ƙimar ƙwallo ɗaya a kowane wasanni biyu tare da ƙungiyar B. <ref name="BDF1112"/> [[Fayil:Getafe_CF_-_Paco_Alcacer.jpg|thumb|Alcácer ya koma Getafe a shekarar 2013]] Alcácer ya tafi aro zuwa [[Getafe CF|Getafe]] a kakar wasa ta 2012–13, wasansa na farko a hukumance shine da Deportivo de La Coruña inda ya buga mintuna 20 a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 a waje. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a babban rukuni a ranar 7 ga Janairun 2013, amma a wasan da suka sha kashi 3-1 a hannun Rayo Vallecano . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2010 |title=A octavos (4–1) |trans-title=To the round of 16 (4–1) |url=http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html |access-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=Valencia CF |language=es}}</ref> A lokacin da yake [[Madrid]], Alcácer ya zura kwallaye hudu jimilla. ==== kakar 2013–14 ==== Bayan ya koma Valencia, Alcácer ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a babban kulob dinsa a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2013, a wasan da suka buga a waje da Kuban Krasnodar a matakin rukuni na UEFA Europa League . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2010 |title=A octavos (4–1) |trans-title=To the round of 16 (4–1) |url=http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html |access-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=Valencia CF |language=es}}</ref> Ya fara samun kwallon da ''Los Che'' ta ci a gasar cikin gida a ranar 25 ga Janairu 2014 a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Espanyol, sannan ya sake samun kwallo a wasan da ya biyo baya, inda ya zira kwallo da ta yi nasara a kan [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] da ci 3-2 a [[Camp Nou]] . A ranar 10 ga Afrilu 2014, Alcácer ya zura kwallaye uku a karon farko a rayuwarsa ta sana'a, inda ya taimaka wajen kawar da rashin nasara a zagayen farko da ci 3-0 inda ya doke Basel da ci 5-0 a gida sannan ya cancanci shiga wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar Europa League. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2010 |title=A octavos (4–1) |trans-title=To the round of 16 (4–1) |url=http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html |access-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=Valencia CF |language=es}}</ref> Wannan shine kwallo ta 14 da ya ci a gasar, kuma kwallo ta bakwai da ya ci a gasar nahiyar Turai; <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2010 |title=A octavos (4–1) |trans-title=To the round of 16 (4–1) |url=http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html |access-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=Valencia CF |language=es}}</ref> wannan bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida na Turai ya sanya shi ya zama dan wasa na biyu mafi yawan kwallaye a gasar bayan Jonathan Soriano, wanda ya zura kwallaye takwas a Red Bull Salzburg . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2010 |title=A octavos (4–1) |trans-title=To the round of 16 (4–1) |url=http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html |access-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=Valencia CF |language=es}}</ref> ==== kakar 2014–15 ==== A ranar 17 ga Agusta 2014, Alcácer ya zura kwallo ta farko a wasan da suka doke Milan da ci 2-1 a gasar Orange Trophy, ta hanyar bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, kuma an ba shi rigar '9' mai lamba 2014–15, wadda Hélder Postiga ya saka a baya. A ranar 9 ga Disamba, kusan ƙarshen wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Granada, an ba shi jan kati kai tsaye saboda ya buga wa Juan Carlos kwallo. A ranar 27 ga Janairun 2015, an bayyana cewa Alcácer ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa har zuwa 2020 kuma an kara kudin siyansa zuwa €80.&nbsp;miliyan. ==== kakar 2015–16 ==== A ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2015, Alcácer da [[Dani Parejo]] sun ci kwallaye biyu kowannensu a wasan da suka doke [[RC Celta de Vigo|Celta]] mai matsayi na uku da ci 5-1. A ranar 21 ga Janairu, kocin Gary Neville ya kwace masa kambun kyaftin dinsa, bayan rashin samun sakamako mai kyau. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2010 |title=A octavos (4–1) |trans-title=To the round of 16 (4–1) |url=http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html |access-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=Valencia CF |language=es}}</ref> Bayan watanni uku ba tare da zura kwallo a raga ba, Alcácer ya karya tarihinsa na rashin nasara da kwallaye uku a wasan da suka doke Eibar da ci 4-0 a ranar 20 ga Afrilu 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2010 |title=A octavos (4–1) |trans-title=To the round of 16 (4–1) |url=http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html |access-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=Valencia CF |language=es}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa da kwallaye 15 a dukkan gasa, inda daga karshe ya kare a matsayi na 12. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 66ze1ms8gttjidv3iniw7mrhchpy6wf 0 137786 892615 884510 2026-08-07T16:14:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Marié Christina Digby (/ˌmɑːriˈeɪ/ MAR-ee-AY; an haife ta a ranar 16 ga Afrilu, 1983) mawaƙiya ce ta Amurka wacce aka fi sani da muryar muryar [[Rihanna]] ta "Umbrella", wacce aka nuna a cikin shirin MTV The Hills kuma ta kai # 10 a kan Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart . An saki kundi na farko, Unfold, a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2008. Digby tun daga lokacin ya fitar da kundin studio da yawa, EPs da singles, gami da kundi daya na Jafananci. == Rayuwa da aiki == === 1983-2005: Rayuwa ta farko === An haifi Digby a [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]] kuma ya fito ne daga asalin Irish da Jafananci. Ta fara rubuta waƙoƙi a lokacin makarantar sakandare a [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]] . Bayan shekara ta farko a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, ta lashe gasar Pantene Pro-Voice ta 2004 tare da waƙarta "Miss Invisible".<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2004 |title=Marié Digby From Los Angeles Has Been Chosen by America as the Winner of the National Pantene Pro-Voice Music Competition |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119754384.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516190448/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119754384.html |archive-date=May 16, 2011 |website=Highbeam Research}} (Press release)</ref> Babban kyautar don kide-kide ya haɗa da aiki tare da ƙwararren furodusa a kan kundi, $ 5,000 da yin wasan kwaikwayo a kan mataki tare da wasu manyan masu wasan kwaikwayo. Digby daga baya ya sanya hannu tare da [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]]'s Hollywood Records . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Concert preview: Marie Digby takes music career in hand, online |url=https://archive.commercialappeal.com/entertainment/concert-preview-marie-digby-takes-music-career-in-hand-online-ep-396317371-324079421.html |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=www.commercialappeal.com |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120101405/https://archive.commercialappeal.com/entertainment/concert-preview-marie-digby-takes-music-career-in-hand-online-ep-396317371-324079421.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 2006-2010: Farfadowa, ''Gida ta Biyu'', da numfashi a karkashin ruwa''Zubar da Muɗi a ƙarƙashin Ruwa'' === [[Fayil:Marié_Digby_performing.jpg|left|thumb|Marié Digby a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Troubadour a Los Angeles a 2007]] A shekara ta 2006, ta kammala kundi na farko, amma an jinkirta sakin ta.[1] A wannan shekarar, an haɗa waƙarta "Fool" a cikin kundin tarihin Disney Girl Next . A farkon shekara ta 2007, ta fara sanya bidiyo masu sauƙi na kanta tana raira waƙoƙin murfin wasu masu fasaha a YouTube don samun ganuwa. Hollywood Records daga nan ta fitar da rikodin studio na fassarar ta na "Umbrella" zuwa iTunes da tashoshin rediyo.[2] Digby ta farko hukuma guda, "Say It Again", an sake shi a tashoshin rediyo a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 2008. An saki kundi na farko, Unfold, a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2008. Digby ya fitar da tarin Japan na musamman na waƙoƙin murfin Jafananci a ranar 4 ga Maris, 2009, mai taken ''Gida ta Biyu'' . An saki kundi na biyu na Digby na Turanci, Breathing Underwater, a duk faɗin Asiya a lokacin rani na 2009 kuma a Arewacin Amurka a watan Satumbar 2009. === 2011-yanzu: ''Ƙaunarku'', ''Filin hunturu'', da Pop Covers''Bayanan Pop'' === A ranar 16 ga Satumba, 2011, ta fitar da kundin Your Love . A cikin 2012, Digby ya yi yawon shakatawa na Asiya don kundin, gami da nunawa a Singapore da Philippines. An gudanar da wasan kwaikwayon ta na Singapore a ranar 18 ga Oktoba, 2012 a Esplanade Concert Hall . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2004 |title=Marié Digby From Los Angeles Has Been Chosen by America as the Winner of the National Pantene Pro-Voice Music Competition |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119754384.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516190448/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119754384.html |archive-date=May 16, 2011 |website=Highbeam Research}} (Press release)</ref> A watan Agustan 2012, ta ba da labarin cewa tana shirin kundi na farko mai zaman kansa a shekarar 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2012 |title=Marie Digby: Childhood depression helped shape my career |url=http://sg.entertainment.yahoo.com/blogs/singapore-showbiz/marie-digby-childhood-depression-helped-shape-career-133448344.html |website=Sg.entertainment.yahoo.com}}</ref> Digby ya fitar da waƙar "Neon Rain" a watan Fabrairun 2013, kuma ya fitar da duet guda biyu ciki har da "Falling for You", duet tare da JayR, da "The Keeper", duet da Kina Grannis. An saki kundi na biyar na Winter Fields a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2013. <ref name="Marie Digby - Winter Fields">{{Cite web |date=October 29, 2013 |title=Marie Digby - Winter Fields |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/winter-fields/id741077265 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529212251/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/winter-fields/id741077265 |archive-date=May 29, 2014 |access-date=November 17, 2013 |publisher=Jaronwood Records}}</ref> Ta kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen kai tsaye na yau da kullun a dandalin Stageit a kan biyan bashin abin da za ku iya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2004 |title=Marié Digby From Los Angeles Has Been Chosen by America as the Winner of the National Pantene Pro-Voice Music Competition |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119754384.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516190448/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119754384.html |archive-date=May 16, 2011 |website=Highbeam Research}} (Press release)</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015, Digby ya fitar da waƙar "Jet Streams" a matsayin saukewa kyauta a kan Bandcamp. Ta kuma fitar da kanta da sakewa na "Ka kasance da kanka A Merry Little Christmas". A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 2018, Digby da kansa ya saki EP Wildfire . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2004 |title=Marié Digby From Los Angeles Has Been Chosen by America as the Winner of the National Pantene Pro-Voice Music Competition |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119754384.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516190448/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119754384.html |archive-date=May 16, 2011 |website=Highbeam Research}} (Press release)</ref> A ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2018, Digby ya fitar da kundin Pop Covers . Ya haɗa da murfin waƙoƙi goma.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2004 |title=Marié Digby From Los Angeles Has Been Chosen by America as the Winner of the National Pantene Pro-Voice Music Competition |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119754384.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516190448/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119754384.html |archive-date=May 16, 2011 |website=Highbeam Research}} (Press release)</ref> == Kasuwancin sadaka == A shekara ta 2009, ta dauki nauyin gasar rubuce-rubuce ga matasa na Bronx ta hanyar "The Generation Project", wata kungiya mai zaman kanta wacce ke sauƙaƙa kyaututtuka na sadaka ga yara a yankunan da ba su da isasshen kuɗi. Wanda ya lashe gasar - dalibi na ilimi na musamman daga Bronx - ya sami sabon guitar tare da kayan haɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2004 |title=Marié Digby From Los Angeles Has Been Chosen by America as the Winner of the National Pantene Pro-Voice Music Competition |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119754384.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516190448/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119754384.html |archive-date=May 16, 2011 |website=Highbeam Research}} (Press release)</ref> == Bayanan da aka yi == * ''Bayyanawa'' (2008) * ''Gida ta Biyu'' (2009) * ''Zubar da Muɗi a ƙarƙashin Ruwa'' (2009) * ''Ƙaunarku'' (2011) * ''Filin hunturu'' (2013) * ''Chimera'' (2014) * Wildfire EP (2018) * Hotuna na Pop (2018) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jfqneshq8wz9074znd0ojbv5gofcj6i 0 138008 892735 892472 2026-08-08T05:15:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Nightmare ƙungiyar mawaƙa ce ta [[Japan]] da aka kafa a [[Sendai]], Tōhoku, a cikin 2000. Ya kunshi Yomi (shugaban murya), Sakito (shugaban guitar, goyon bayan murya), Hitsugi (rhythm guitar), Ni~ya (bass, goyon bayan sauti) da Ruka (drums, percussion) don mafi yawan rayuwarsu. Sun sami nasara ta yau da kullun tare da hada waƙoƙinsu "The World" da "Alumina" a cikin Death Note anime kuma ana ɗaukar su babban aiki a cikin yanayin [[visual kei]].<ref name="Shoxx Vol 170">{{Cite journal |date=April 2007 |title=Nightmare the WORLD Ruler |url=http://www.jhouserock.com/portal/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=223&Itemid=516 |journal=SHOXX |publisher=Ongaku Senkasha |volume=170 |page=40 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124173806/http://www.jhouserock.com/portal/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=223&Itemid=516 |archive-date=24 January 2009 |access-date=11 November 2012}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafawa da Ultimate Circus (2000-2003) === Sakito da Hitsugi ne suka kafa mafarki mai ban tsoro a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2000 <ref name="barks">{{Cite web |date=27 April 2004 |title=Nightmare Biography |url=http://www.barks.jp/artist/?id=1000000089 |access-date=16 November 2012 |language=ja}}</ref> yayin da yawancin mambobin ke makarantar sakandare. <ref name="CD Japan">{{Cite web |title=Nightmare Special Feature |url=http://www.cdjapan.co.jp/jpop/essentials/nightmare/index.html |access-date=11 November 2012 |website=Cdjapan.co.jp}}</ref> Hitsugi ne ya ba da shawarar sunan ƙungiyar, yana mai cewa yana son sunan ƙungiyar da zai tsoratar da mutane su dace da salon su na gani. Ba da daɗewa ba, Sakito ya gayyaci Ni~ya, Hitsugi ya gayyace Yomi, kuma Zannin ya shiga bayan ya ji abokan karatunsa suna kafa ƙungiyar. Dukansu sun sami rinjaye daga ko dai X Japan ko Luna Sea, saboda haka sun fara ne a matsayin ƙungiyar murfin, kafin su fara rubuta nasu kayan.<ref name="Shoxx 176">{{Cite journal |date=October 2007 |title=Nightmare Interview |url=http://www.jhouserock.com/portal/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=238&Itemid=516 |journal=SHOXX |publisher=Ongaku Senkasha |volume=176 |pages=39–49 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100903031127/http://www.jhouserock.com/portal/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=238&Itemid=516 |archive-date=3 September 2010 |access-date=11 November 2012}}</ref> Kamar dai yadda ƙungiyar ta fara samun karbuwa a gidaje masu rai da ƙananan kide-kide a Yankin Sendai, Zannin ya bar ƙungiyar saboda dalilan da ba a sani ba. A ƙarshe, Ruka (tsohon Luinspear) ya shiga ƙungiyar a matsayin memba mai tallafawa da farko, amma ya zama mai bugawa na dindindin bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci. Tun lokacin da Ruka ta shiga Nightmare a hukumance, jerin su ba su canza ba. Ba da daɗewa ba, ƙungiyar ta fara gajeren yawon shakatawa a yankin tare da wasu ƙungiyoyin tallafi. A shekara ta 2003, Nightmare ta sanya hannu tare da Nippon Crown kuma ta fitar da wakarsu ta farko "Believe". Watanni uku bayan farawarsu, sun saki guda uku na A-gefe, "Akane / Hate / Over", a karo na farko ga kowane rukuni don saki kowane guda tare da waƙoƙi uku na A. An yi amfani da waƙar Nightmare "Over" a matsayin ƙarshen taken don jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na anime ''Croket!''. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Over / ナイトメア / コロッケ！の歌詞ページ - アニソン！無料アニメ歌詞閲覧サイト |url=http://animesongz.com/lyric/855/4858 |access-date=2017-10-22 |archive-date=2017-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022142200/http://animesongz.com/lyric/855/4858 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=ナイトメア：NIGHTMARE |url=https://www.nightmare-web.com/ |access-date=4 October 2020 |website=Nightmare-web.com}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar, sun fito da kundi na farko, Ultimate Circus kuma sun tafi rangadin su na farko. === Livid da Anima (2004-2006) === A shekara ta 2004 Nightmare ta fitar da waƙoƙi uku; "Varuna", "[[Tokyo]] Shounen", da "Cyan", da kuma wani cikakken kundi, Livid . Nightmare ya sake zagayawa a Japan a karkashin sunan Tour CPU 2004. Daga shekara ta 2005 zuwa shekara ta 2006, Nightmare ya ci gaba da aiki, ya saki karin waƙoƙi da kundi na uku a shekara ta 2006, Anima, wanda yawon shakatawa na tallafi, [Anima]lism, ya sayar gaba ɗaya. A shekara ta 2006 sun yi rikodin Rayuwa a NHK Hall mai taken Gianism Tsu . Tare da kundi uku da yawon shakatawa da yawa a ƙarƙashin belinsu, Nightmare ya fitar da jerin kundin "mafi girma". === ''Mai mulkin Duniya'' da Killer Show (2007-2008) === A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2006, Nightmare ta fitar da "The World/Alumina", na farko da za a saki a karkashin sabon lakabin su, VAP . An yi amfani da waɗannan waƙoƙi guda biyu a matsayin jigogi na farko da na ƙarshe bi da bi na abubuwan da suka faru na farko goma sha tara na sauyawar Death Note anime.<ref name="barks"/> A ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, sun fitar da kundi na huɗu, "The World Ruler" kuma sun zagaya watanni uku a kusa da Japan. Sun fito da wakarsu ta gaba, "Raison d'Etre", kusan wata daya bayan kammala rangadin su (wanda aka yi amfani da shi azaman waƙar buɗewa don wasan kwaikwayo na ''Claymore''). <ref name="SHOXX 173">{{Cite journal |date=July 2007 |title=Nightmare "Raison d'etre" |url=http://www.jhouserock.com/portal/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=232&Itemid=516 |journal=SHOXX |publisher=Ongaku Senkasha |volume=173 |pages=58–59 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207115832/http://www.jhouserock.com/portal/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=232&Itemid=516 |archive-date=7 December 2008 |access-date=11 November 2012}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2007, sun yi wani taron kide-kide na kwana uku mai taken "The World Ruler Encore . A ranar 23 ga Satumba, 2007, sun yi a ''Nippon Budokan'' a karon farko. An kira kide-kide Kyokuto Symphony ~The Five Stars Night~ kuma an sayar da tikiti a cikin makonni biyu. Sun sake fitowa da wasu waƙoƙi guda biyu, "Konoha" a ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 2007 <ref name="Shoxx 178">{{Cite journal |date=December 2007 |title=Nightmare Interview |url=http://www.jhouserock.com/portal/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=241&Itemid=516 |journal=SHOXX |publisher=Ongaku Senkasha |volume=178 |pages=38–57 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204032236/http://www.jhouserock.com/portal/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=241&Itemid=516 |archive-date=4 December 2008 |access-date=11 November 2012}}</ref> da kuma "Dirty", (wanda shine taken buɗewa na ''Majin Tantei Nougami Neuro'') wanda aka saki a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba. Sun ƙare 2007 tare da Dirty Influence Tour a cikin biranen da aka zaɓa a Japan a watan Disamba. 2008 ya fara ne tare da sakin wasu kundi biyu. Na farko, ''Nightmare 2003-2005 Single Collection'', an sake shi a ƙarƙashin tsohuwar lakabin su, Nippon Crown kuma shine sabon sashi na manyan abubuwan da suka faru. Na biyu, ''Kyokuto Symphony ~The Five Stars Night~ @Budokan'', shi ne kundi na farko na rayuwa, wanda aka rubuta a lokacin yawon shakatawa a shekarar da ta gabata. A watan Maris, sun zagaya tare da 2008 Zepp Tour Six Point Killer Show kuma sun saki guda daya mai taken "White Room". White Room yana samuwa ne kawai a matsayin iyakantaccen sauke intanet. A ranar 21 ga Mayu, 2008, sun fitar da kundi na biyar na asali mai taken "Killer Show", kundi na uku da aka saki a wannan shekarar. Bayan sakin, sun zagaya Japan. An sake wani waka, "Lost in Blue" a ranar 17 ga Satumba. An yi amfani da shi azaman waƙar buɗewa ga wasan kwaikwayo na ''Mōryō no Hako'' kuma an yi amfani da wani daga cikin waƙoƙinsu, "Naked Love", a matsayin taken ƙarshe. An kuma saki wannan a matsayin guda a ranar 3 ga Disamba. === Kundin studio === * Ultimate Circus (25 ga Disamba, 2003) * ''Rayuwa'' (25 ga Nuwamba, 2004) * Anima (22 ga Fabrairu, 2006) * ''Mai mulkin Duniya'' (Fabrairu 28, 2007) * Killer Show (Mayu 21, 2008) * Majestical Parade (Mayu 13, 2009) * ''Mafarki mai ban tsoro'' (23 ga Nuwamba, 2011) * ''Zubar da hankali'' (Janairu 30, 2013) * ''Don Kasancewa ko Ba Za Ta Kasancewa ba'' (Maris 19, 2014) * ''Carpe Diem'' (Maris 25, 2015) * ''Nox:Lux'' (Maris 16, 2022) == Tafiya == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:small" |'''''Shekara''''' |'''''Taken''''' |- |'''2004''' |CPU ta yawon shakatawa 2004 |- |'''2006''' |[Anima]lism |- | rowspan="2" |'''2007''' |Yawon shakatawa na Mai Mulki na Duniya |- |Tafiya mai banƙyama |- |'''2008''' |2008 Zepp Tour Six Point Killer Show |- | rowspan="2" |'''2009''' |Nightmare Live House Tour 2009 Parade of Nine |- |Yawon shakatawa na mafarki na 2009 Parade ~ Farawa na [X] Hauwa'u~. |- | rowspan="3" |'''2010''' |Bukatar Gianizm yawon shakatawa |- |Dokar Musamman ta 10th Anniversary. Vol.2: Re: Farawa na Tell (Duk) ism |- |Dokar Musamman ta 10th Anniversary. Vol.3 Tarihi ~ Mafi Girma ~. |- | rowspan="3" |'''2011''' |Lokaci ya koma Zero |- |Zeppelin |- |Yawon shakatawa na mafarki na 2011-2012 Gaskiya mai ban tsoro |- | rowspan="4" |'''2012''' |Yin kwaikwayon Abin da Ya gabata |- |Nightmare Premium Live a Shinkiba Studio Coast |- |Kuskuren Haihuwar Halitta Nightmare vs. Baroque |- |Yawon shakatawa na Nightmare 2012 na karshe 'Deus ex Machina' |- | rowspan="1" |'''2013''' |kyakkyawa SCUMS a Nakano Sun Plaza |- |'''2025''' |Yawon shakatawa na Turai na 'WORLD' 2025 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] anjbuy7hyebzml2t0wa43rvywu4m8ft 0 140297 892785 798176 2026-08-08T08:22:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892785 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Olusegun Daramola''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1989) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Francis |first=Juliana |date=2025-05-11 |title=Unveiling Olusegun Daramola: How OAP developed interest in ancient Ifá and Òrìsà {{!}} |url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/unveiling-olusegun-daramola-how-oap-developed-interest-in-ancient-ifa-and-orisa/ |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=The Eagle Online |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-10 |title=Unveiling Olusegun Daramola, The man Behind World Builderr |url=https://atlanticnewsonline.com/unveiling-olusegun-daramola-the-man-behind-world-builderr/ |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=Atlantic News Online |language=en-US}}</ref> malamin ruhaniya ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|a Najeriya]], marubuci, Babaláwo, masanin Ifá, kuma wanda ya kafa World Builder, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Ancient Ifa Knowledge and Guidance in London |url=https://worldbuilderr.com/ |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=worldbuilderr.com |language=en}}</ref> dandalin haskakawa na duniya. An san shi da koyarwarsa game da ruhaniya na Ifá da Òrìṣà kuma mai ba da shawara ne don farfado da tsarin ilimin asalin Afirka ta hanyar aikin ruhaniya na zamani, marubuci, da kuma shiga cikin jama'a.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Meet Olusegun Daramola - Bold Journey Magazine |url=https://boldjourney.com/meet-olusegun-daramola/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524220245/https://boldjourney.com/meet-olusegun-daramola/ |archive-date=2024-05-24 |access-date=2025-08-09 |work=Bold Journey Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Olusegun Daramola - Bold Journey Magazine |url=https://boldjourney.com/meet-olusegun-daramola/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524220245/https://boldjourney.com/meet-olusegun-daramola/ |archive-date=2024-05-24 |access-date=2025-08-30 |website=boldjourney.com}}</ref> == Tafiyar Ruhaniya == A cikin shekara ta 2016, Daramola ya rungumi hanyarsa ta ruhaniya a matsayin malami da jagora a cikin al'adar [[Ifá]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ifa divination system - UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/ifa-divination-system-00146 |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=ich.unesco.org |language=en}}</ref>. Yana koyar da ruhaniya ta gargajiya ta [[Addinin Yarabawa|Yoruba]], yana jaddada sanin Orí (kai mafi girma), girmamawa na kakanninmu, da kuma amfani da ilimin kimiyyar lissafi a rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite web |last=News |first=Leadership |date=17 March 2025 |title=How Daramola Inspires Global Audience Through Ifá Teachings |url=https://leadership.ng/how-daramola-inspires-global-audience-through-ifa-teachings/ |access-date=2025-08-30 |website=leadership.ng}}</ref> An fara shi cikin al'adun Òrìṣà daban-daban, gami da Abátálá, Ogoko, Èpande,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Èṣù at the BL: Journeys Through Literature and Technology |url=https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2020/05/esu-at-the-bl.html |access-date=2025-08-09 |language=en |archive-date=2025-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250619215643/https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2020/05/esu-at-the-bl.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ogun, Obaluaye, Osun, [[Egungun|Egúngún]], da sauransu. Yana amfani da waɗannan koyarwar don jagorantar mutane a duk faɗin duniya, yana taimaka musu su gano ainihin allahntakarsu da kuma kewaya canjin mutum.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Editor (Arts) |first=Evelyn Osagie {{!}} Assistant |date=2025-05-07 |title='Invest in indigenous knowledge' |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/invest-in-indigenous-knowledge/ |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> Daramola ta kuma ba da gudummawa ga tattaunawar jama'a game da haɗuwa da ruhaniya da fasaha na Afirka, musamman sanya Ṣìgìdì<ref>{{Citation|title=ṣigidi|date=2025-01-09|work=Wiktionary, the free dictionary|url=https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%B9%A3igidi&oldid=83549486|access-date=2025-08-09|language=en}}</ref> (wani ra'ayi na ruhaniya na Yoruba) a matsayin "Tushen Ilimin Artificial da Duniya ta Robotic. == Dubi kuma == * [[Ifá]] * Orisha * Ori (Yoruba) * Babaláwo * [[Addinin Yarabawa|Addinin Yoruba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Yarbawa]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] n7nl1yp6yhatpk8935g235xqw6cd9l7 0 140893 892812 848211 2026-08-08T09:59:38Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Maqqarī al-TilmiS''' (ko al-Maḳḳarī) ({{Lang|ar|أحمد المقري التلمساني}}), (1577-1632) masanin Aljeriya ne, marubucin tarihin rayuwa kuma masanin tarihi wanda kuma aka fi sani da {{Interlanguage link|Nafh at-Tib|ar|نفح الطيب من غصن الأندلس الرطيب}} ,S wani tarihin tarihin Al-Andalus wanda ya ba da tushe ga binciken ilimi kan batun har zuwa karni na ashirin. == Rayuwa == Dan asalin [[Tlemcen]] kuma daga wani fitaccen dangin ilimi daga ƙauyen Maqqara, kusa da M'sila a Aljeriya. Bayan karatunsa na farko a Tlemcen, al-Maqqari ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Fas|Fes]] a Maroko sannan zuwa [[Marrakesh]], bayan kotun [[Ahmad al-Mansur]] . A kan mutuwar al-Mansur a shekara ta 1603, al-Maqqari ya kafa kansa a Fes, <ref name="Meri2005" /> inda ya kasance imam na [[Jami'ar al-Karaouine|Masallacin Qarawiyyin]].<ref name="Meri2005" /> A shekara ta 1617, ya tafi Gabas, mai yiwuwa bayan jayayya da mai mulkin yankin, kuma ya zauna a [[Kairo|Alkahira]], inda ya kirkiro sanannen aikinsa, ''Nafḥ al-ṭīb'' . A shekara ta 1620, ya ziyarci [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]] da [[Damascus|Dimashƙu]], kuma ya yi aikin hajji biyar a cikin shekaru shida. A [[Makkah|Makka]] da [[Madinah|Madina]] ya ba da sanannun laccoci game da hadadi. A shekara ta 1628, ya sake kasancewa a Damascus, inda ya ci gaba da laccocinsa game da tarin [[Hadisi|Ḥadīth]] na [[Muhammad Al-Bukhari|Muhammad al-Bukhari]] ('Al'adun'), kuma ya yi magana da yawa game da ɗaukakar Musulmi Iberia, kuma ya sami ci gaba don rubuta aikinsa a kan wannan batun daga baya. A wannan shekarar ya koma Alkahira kuma ya shafe shekara guda yana rubuta tarihin Spain. Ana gudanar da rubuce-rubucen da suka tsira a wani bangare a El Escorial, kusa da [[Madrid]]. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1632 yayin shirye-shiryen zama a Damascus.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Maqqarī}}</ref> == Ayyuka == * ''Rawdat al-As al-'Aatirat al-Anfaas fi Dhikar maza Laqaituhu min Aa'alaam Marrakesh wa Fes'' (روضة الآس العاطرة الأنفاس في ذكر من لق Deli من أعلام الحضرتين: مراكش وفاس) - Aljanna ta Myrtle na Murmushi da Tunawa da Masana (ulema) Wanda na Metropolises guda biyu: Marrakesh da Fes. Al-Maqqarī ya keɓe wannan ga mai kula da shi Ahmad al-Mansur . * {{Interlanguage link|Nafh at-Tib|ar|نفح الطيب من غصن الأندلس الرطيب}} - Zafh الطيب من__wol____wol____wol__ . Babban aikinsa ya kunshi sassa biyu: : i) tarihin Musulmi Iberia wanda marubuta da yawa suka tattara; wanda William Wright, Christoph Krehl, Reinhart Dozy da [[Gustave Dugat]] suka buga a matsayin Analectes sur l'histoire et la littérature des Arabes d'Espagne (1855-1861), kuma a cikin fassarar Turanci da Pascual de Gayangos ya taƙaita, Tarihin Daular Mohammedan a Spain, Volume 1 (1840) da Volume 2 (1843);{{Sfn|Maqqarī (al-)|1855}} * ''Azhar al-Riyad fi Akhbar al-Qadi 'Ayyad'' (أزهار الرياض في أخبار القاضي عياض) == Littattafai == * Al-Makkari, القسم الأول من كتاب نفح الطيب, من__ssw____ssw____sw____ssw____sswa____sw__,____ssw__,__,____swng,____ssswng. by R. Dozy da G. Dugat, L. Krehl da W. Wright, 2 vols in four sassa (Leiden: Brill, 1855-61), [[iarchive:analectessurlhis11maqq|1.1]], [[iarchive:analectessurlhis12maqq|1.2]], [[iarchive:analectessurlhis21maqq|2.1]], [[iarchive:analectessurlhis22maqq|2.2]] (bugawa na ''nafḥ al-ṭīb'') * al-Maqqarı̄, ''Nafḥ al-Ṭı̄b min Ghuṣn al-Andalus al-Raṭı̄b'', ed. ta hanyar I. 'Abbās (Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1968) == Dubi kuma == * Jerin Ash'aris da Maturidis * Jerin masana kimiyya da malamai na Larabawa == Bayani == : 1. ''Nafḥ al-ṭīb min ghuṣn al-Andalus al-raṭīb wa-dhikr waziriha Lisān al-Dīn ibn al-Khaṭīb'' (نفح الطيب من)    == Manazarta == {{Arabic literature}} * Al-Maqqari's "Breath Of Perfumes", a cikin: Charles F. Horne, Littattafai Masu Tsarki da Littattafan Farko na Gabas: Larabci na Tsakiya, Moorish, da Turkiyya, .{{ISBN|0-7661-0001-4}} *   * Online: (a cikin Larabci)   == Haɗin waje == {{Commons category-inline}} qg1kfgo48yhwst27pqhintupypayc1a 892813 892812 2026-08-08T09:59:49Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Maqqarī al-TilmiS''' (ko al-Maḳḳarī) ({{Lang|ar|أحمد المقري التلمساني}}), (1577-1632) masanin Aljeriya ne, marubucin tarihin rayuwa kuma masanin tarihi wanda kuma aka fi sani da {{Interlanguage link|Nafh at-Tib|ar|نفح الطيب من غصن الأندلس الرطيب}} ,S wani tarihin tarihin Al-Andalus wanda ya ba da tushe ga binciken ilimi kan batun har zuwa karni na ashirin. == Rayuwa == Ɗan asalin [[Tlemcen]] kuma daga wani fitaccen dangin ilimi daga ƙauyen Maqqara, kusa da M'sila a Aljeriya. Bayan karatunsa na farko a Tlemcen, al-Maqqari ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Fas|Fes]] a Maroko sannan zuwa [[Marrakesh]], bayan kotun [[Ahmad al-Mansur]] . A kan mutuwar al-Mansur a shekara ta 1603, al-Maqqari ya kafa kansa a Fes, <ref name="Meri2005" /> inda ya kasance imam na [[Jami'ar al-Karaouine|Masallacin Qarawiyyin]].<ref name="Meri2005" /> A shekara ta 1617, ya tafi Gabas, mai yiwuwa bayan jayayya da mai mulkin yankin, kuma ya zauna a [[Kairo|Alkahira]], inda ya kirkiro sanannen aikinsa, ''Nafḥ al-ṭīb'' . A shekara ta 1620, ya ziyarci [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]] da [[Damascus|Dimashƙu]], kuma ya yi aikin hajji biyar a cikin shekaru shida. A [[Makkah|Makka]] da [[Madinah|Madina]] ya ba da sanannun laccoci game da hadadi. A shekara ta 1628, ya sake kasancewa a Damascus, inda ya ci gaba da laccocinsa game da tarin [[Hadisi|Ḥadīth]] na [[Muhammad Al-Bukhari|Muhammad al-Bukhari]] ('Al'adun'), kuma ya yi magana da yawa game da ɗaukakar Musulmi Iberia, kuma ya sami ci gaba don rubuta aikinsa a kan wannan batun daga baya. A wannan shekarar ya koma Alkahira kuma ya shafe shekara guda yana rubuta tarihin Spain. Ana gudanar da rubuce-rubucen da suka tsira a wani bangare a El Escorial, kusa da [[Madrid]]. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1632 yayin shirye-shiryen zama a Damascus.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Maqqarī}}</ref> == Ayyuka == * ''Rawdat al-As al-'Aatirat al-Anfaas fi Dhikar maza Laqaituhu min Aa'alaam Marrakesh wa Fes'' (روضة الآس العاطرة الأنفاس في ذكر من لق Deli من أعلام الحضرتين: مراكش وفاس) - Aljanna ta Myrtle na Murmushi da Tunawa da Masana (ulema) Wanda na Metropolises guda biyu: Marrakesh da Fes. Al-Maqqarī ya keɓe wannan ga mai kula da shi Ahmad al-Mansur . * {{Interlanguage link|Nafh at-Tib|ar|نفح الطيب من غصن الأندلس الرطيب}} - Zafh الطيب من__wol____wol____wol__ . Babban aikinsa ya kunshi sassa biyu: : i) tarihin Musulmi Iberia wanda marubuta da yawa suka tattara; wanda William Wright, Christoph Krehl, Reinhart Dozy da [[Gustave Dugat]] suka buga a matsayin Analectes sur l'histoire et la littérature des Arabes d'Espagne (1855-1861), kuma a cikin fassarar Turanci da Pascual de Gayangos ya taƙaita, Tarihin Daular Mohammedan a Spain, Volume 1 (1840) da Volume 2 (1843);{{Sfn|Maqqarī (al-)|1855}} * ''Azhar al-Riyad fi Akhbar al-Qadi 'Ayyad'' (أزهار الرياض في أخبار القاضي عياض) == Littattafai == * Al-Makkari, القسم الأول من كتاب نفح الطيب, من__ssw____ssw____sw____ssw____sswa____sw__,____ssw__,__,____swng,____ssswng. by R. Dozy da G. Dugat, L. Krehl da W. Wright, 2 vols in four sassa (Leiden: Brill, 1855-61), [[iarchive:analectessurlhis11maqq|1.1]], [[iarchive:analectessurlhis12maqq|1.2]], [[iarchive:analectessurlhis21maqq|2.1]], [[iarchive:analectessurlhis22maqq|2.2]] (bugawa na ''nafḥ al-ṭīb'') * al-Maqqarı̄, ''Nafḥ al-Ṭı̄b min Ghuṣn al-Andalus al-Raṭı̄b'', ed. ta hanyar I. 'Abbās (Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1968) == Dubi kuma == * Jerin Ash'aris da Maturidis * Jerin masana kimiyya da malamai na Larabawa == Bayani == : 1. ''Nafḥ al-ṭīb min ghuṣn al-Andalus al-raṭīb wa-dhikr waziriha Lisān al-Dīn ibn al-Khaṭīb'' (نفح الطيب من)    == Manazarta == {{Arabic literature}} * Al-Maqqari's "Breath Of Perfumes", a cikin: Charles F. Horne, Littattafai Masu Tsarki da Littattafan Farko na Gabas: Larabci na Tsakiya, Moorish, da Turkiyya, .{{ISBN|0-7661-0001-4}} *   * Online: (a cikin Larabci)   == Haɗin waje == {{Commons category-inline}} ntl201zd0zocmk3e441bylgwgfno3ku 892814 892813 2026-08-08T10:00:02Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Maqqarī al-TilmiS''' (ko al-Maḳḳarī) ({{Lang|ar|أحمد المقري التلمساني}}), (1577-1632) masanin Aljeriya ne, marubucin tarihin rayuwa kuma masanin tarihi wanda kuma aka fi sani da {{Interlanguage link|Nafh at-Tib|ar|نفح الطيب من غصن الأندلس الرطيب}} ,S wani tarihin tarihin Al-Andalus wanda ya ba da tushe ga binciken ilimi kan batun har zuwa karni na ashirin. == Rayuwa == Ɗan asalin [[Tlemcen]] kuma daga wani fitaccen dangin ilimi daga ƙauyen Maqqara, kusa da M'sila a Aljeriya. Bayan karatunsa na farko a Tlemcen, al-Maqqari ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Fas|Fes]] a Maroko sannan zuwa [[Marrakesh]], bayan kotun [[Ahmad al-Mansur]] . A kan mutuwar al-Mansur a shekara ta 1603, al-Maqqari ya kafa kansa a Fes, <ref name="Meri2005" /> inda ya kasance imam na [[Jami'ar al-Karaouine|Masallacin Qarawiyyin]].<ref name="Meri2005" /> A shekara ta 1617, ya kuma tafi Gabas, mai yiwuwa bayan jayayya da mai mulkin yankin, kuma ya zauna a [[Kairo|Alkahira]], inda ya kirkiro sanannen aikinsa, ''Nafḥ al-ṭīb'' . A shekara ta 1620, ya ziyarci [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]] da [[Damascus|Dimashƙu]], kuma ya yi aikin hajji biyar a cikin shekaru shida. A [[Makkah|Makka]] da [[Madinah|Madina]] ya ba da sanannun laccoci game da hadadi. A shekara ta 1628, ya sake kasancewa a Damascus, inda ya ci gaba da laccocinsa game da tarin [[Hadisi|Ḥadīth]] na [[Muhammad Al-Bukhari|Muhammad al-Bukhari]] ('Al'adun'), kuma ya yi magana da yawa game da ɗaukakar Musulmi Iberia, kuma ya sami ci gaba don rubuta aikinsa a kan wannan batun daga baya. A wannan shekarar ya koma Alkahira kuma ya shafe shekara guda yana rubuta tarihin Spain. Ana gudanar da rubuce-rubucen da suka tsira a wani bangare a El Escorial, kusa da [[Madrid]]. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1632 yayin shirye-shiryen zama a Damascus.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Maqqarī}}</ref> == Ayyuka == * ''Rawdat al-As al-'Aatirat al-Anfaas fi Dhikar maza Laqaituhu min Aa'alaam Marrakesh wa Fes'' (روضة الآس العاطرة الأنفاس في ذكر من لق Deli من أعلام الحضرتين: مراكش وفاس) - Aljanna ta Myrtle na Murmushi da Tunawa da Masana (ulema) Wanda na Metropolises guda biyu: Marrakesh da Fes. Al-Maqqarī ya keɓe wannan ga mai kula da shi Ahmad al-Mansur . * {{Interlanguage link|Nafh at-Tib|ar|نفح الطيب من غصن الأندلس الرطيب}} - Zafh الطيب من__wol____wol____wol__ . Babban aikinsa ya kunshi sassa biyu: : i) tarihin Musulmi Iberia wanda marubuta da yawa suka tattara; wanda William Wright, Christoph Krehl, Reinhart Dozy da [[Gustave Dugat]] suka buga a matsayin Analectes sur l'histoire et la littérature des Arabes d'Espagne (1855-1861), kuma a cikin fassarar Turanci da Pascual de Gayangos ya taƙaita, Tarihin Daular Mohammedan a Spain, Volume 1 (1840) da Volume 2 (1843);{{Sfn|Maqqarī (al-)|1855}} * ''Azhar al-Riyad fi Akhbar al-Qadi 'Ayyad'' (أزهار الرياض في أخبار القاضي عياض) == Littattafai == * Al-Makkari, القسم الأول من كتاب نفح الطيب, من__ssw____ssw____sw____ssw____sswa____sw__,____ssw__,__,____swng,____ssswng. by R. Dozy da G. Dugat, L. Krehl da W. Wright, 2 vols in four sassa (Leiden: Brill, 1855-61), [[iarchive:analectessurlhis11maqq|1.1]], [[iarchive:analectessurlhis12maqq|1.2]], [[iarchive:analectessurlhis21maqq|2.1]], [[iarchive:analectessurlhis22maqq|2.2]] (bugawa na ''nafḥ al-ṭīb'') * al-Maqqarı̄, ''Nafḥ al-Ṭı̄b min Ghuṣn al-Andalus al-Raṭı̄b'', ed. ta hanyar I. 'Abbās (Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1968) == Dubi kuma == * Jerin Ash'aris da Maturidis * Jerin masana kimiyya da malamai na Larabawa == Bayani == : 1. ''Nafḥ al-ṭīb min ghuṣn al-Andalus al-raṭīb wa-dhikr waziriha Lisān al-Dīn ibn al-Khaṭīb'' (نفح الطيب من)    == Manazarta == {{Arabic literature}} * Al-Maqqari's "Breath Of Perfumes", a cikin: Charles F. Horne, Littattafai Masu Tsarki da Littattafan Farko na Gabas: Larabci na Tsakiya, Moorish, da Turkiyya, .{{ISBN|0-7661-0001-4}} *   * Online: (a cikin Larabci)   == Haɗin waje == {{Commons category-inline}} rnyipodvmdj07nkf02d3utyootlp4ai 892815 892814 2026-08-08T10:00:17Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Maqqarī al-TilmiS''' (ko al-Maḳḳarī) ({{Lang|ar|أحمد المقري التلمساني}}), (1577-1632) masanin Aljeriya ne, marubucin tarihin rayuwa kuma masanin tarihi wanda kuma aka fi sani da {{Interlanguage link|Nafh at-Tib|ar|نفح الطيب من غصن الأندلس الرطيب}} ,S wani tarihin tarihin Al-Andalus wanda ya ba da tushe ga binciken ilimi kan batun har zuwa karni na ashirin. == Rayuwa == Ɗan asalin [[Tlemcen]] kuma daga wani fitaccen dangin ilimi daga ƙauyen Maqqara, kusa da M'sila a Aljeriya. Bayan karatunsa na farko a Tlemcen, al-Maqqari ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Fas|Fes]] a Maroko sannan zuwa [[Marrakesh]], bayan kotun [[Ahmad al-Mansur]] . A kan mutuwar al-Mansur a shekara ta 1603, al-Maqqari ya kafa kansa a Fes, <ref name="Meri2005" /> inda ya kasance imam na [[Jami'ar al-Karaouine|Masallacin Qarawiyyin]].<ref name="Meri2005" /> A shekara ta 1617, ya kuma tafi Gabas, mai yiwuwa bayan jayayya da mai mulkin yankin, kuma ya zauna a [[Kairo|Alkahira]], inda ya ƙirƙiro sanannen aikinsa, ''Nafḥ al-ṭīb'' . A shekara ta 1620, ya ziyarci [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]] da [[Damascus|Dimashƙu]], kuma ya yi aikin hajji biyar a cikin shekaru shida. A [[Makkah|Makka]] da [[Madinah|Madina]] ya ba da sanannun laccoci game da hadadi. A shekara ta 1628, ya sake kasancewa a Damascus, inda ya ci gaba da laccocinsa game da tarin [[Hadisi|Ḥadīth]] na [[Muhammad Al-Bukhari|Muhammad al-Bukhari]] ('Al'adun'), kuma ya yi magana da yawa game da ɗaukakar Musulmi Iberia, kuma ya sami ci gaba don rubuta aikinsa a kan wannan batun daga baya. A wannan shekarar ya koma Alkahira kuma ya shafe shekara guda yana rubuta tarihin Spain. Ana gudanar da rubuce-rubucen da suka tsira a wani bangare a El Escorial, kusa da [[Madrid]]. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1632 yayin shirye-shiryen zama a Damascus.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Maqqarī}}</ref> == Ayyuka == * ''Rawdat al-As al-'Aatirat al-Anfaas fi Dhikar maza Laqaituhu min Aa'alaam Marrakesh wa Fes'' (روضة الآس العاطرة الأنفاس في ذكر من لق Deli من أعلام الحضرتين: مراكش وفاس) - Aljanna ta Myrtle na Murmushi da Tunawa da Masana (ulema) Wanda na Metropolises guda biyu: Marrakesh da Fes. Al-Maqqarī ya keɓe wannan ga mai kula da shi Ahmad al-Mansur . * {{Interlanguage link|Nafh at-Tib|ar|نفح الطيب من غصن الأندلس الرطيب}} - Zafh الطيب من__wol____wol____wol__ . Babban aikinsa ya kunshi sassa biyu: : i) tarihin Musulmi Iberia wanda marubuta da yawa suka tattara; wanda William Wright, Christoph Krehl, Reinhart Dozy da [[Gustave Dugat]] suka buga a matsayin Analectes sur l'histoire et la littérature des Arabes d'Espagne (1855-1861), kuma a cikin fassarar Turanci da Pascual de Gayangos ya taƙaita, Tarihin Daular Mohammedan a Spain, Volume 1 (1840) da Volume 2 (1843);{{Sfn|Maqqarī (al-)|1855}} * ''Azhar al-Riyad fi Akhbar al-Qadi 'Ayyad'' (أزهار الرياض في أخبار القاضي عياض) == Littattafai == * Al-Makkari, القسم الأول من كتاب نفح الطيب, من__ssw____ssw____sw____ssw____sswa____sw__,____ssw__,__,____swng,____ssswng. by R. Dozy da G. Dugat, L. Krehl da W. Wright, 2 vols in four sassa (Leiden: Brill, 1855-61), [[iarchive:analectessurlhis11maqq|1.1]], [[iarchive:analectessurlhis12maqq|1.2]], [[iarchive:analectessurlhis21maqq|2.1]], [[iarchive:analectessurlhis22maqq|2.2]] (bugawa na ''nafḥ al-ṭīb'') * al-Maqqarı̄, ''Nafḥ al-Ṭı̄b min Ghuṣn al-Andalus al-Raṭı̄b'', ed. ta hanyar I. 'Abbās (Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1968) == Dubi kuma == * Jerin Ash'aris da Maturidis * Jerin masana kimiyya da malamai na Larabawa == Bayani == : 1. ''Nafḥ al-ṭīb min ghuṣn al-Andalus al-raṭīb wa-dhikr waziriha Lisān al-Dīn ibn al-Khaṭīb'' (نفح الطيب من)    == Manazarta == {{Arabic literature}} * Al-Maqqari's "Breath Of Perfumes", a cikin: Charles F. Horne, Littattafai Masu Tsarki da Littattafan Farko na Gabas: Larabci na Tsakiya, Moorish, da Turkiyya, .{{ISBN|0-7661-0001-4}} *   * Online: (a cikin Larabci)   == Haɗin waje == {{Commons category-inline}} tf72pyq3i65pg63a5ylxyorjnmi4dqt 892817 892815 2026-08-08T10:01:08Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Maqqarī al-TilmiS''' (ko al-Maḳḳarī) ({{Lang|ar|أحمد المقري التلمساني}}), (1577-1632) masanin Aljeriya ne, marubucin tarihin rayuwa kuma masanin tarihi wanda kuma aka fi sani da {{Interlanguage link|Nafh at-Tib|ar|نفح الطيب من غصن الأندلس الرطيب}} ,S wani tarihin tarihin Al-Andalus wanda ya ba da tushe ga binciken ilimi kan batun har zuwa karni na ashirin. == Rayuwa == Ɗan asalin [[Tlemcen]] kuma daga wani fitaccen dangin ilimi daga ƙauyen Maqqara, kusa da M'sila a Aljeriya. Bayan karatunsa na farko a Tlemcen, al-Maqqari ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Fas|Fes]] a Maroko sannan zuwa [[Marrakesh]], bayan kotun [[Ahmad al-Mansur]] . A kan mutuwar al-Mansur a shekara ta 1603, al-Maqqari ya kafa kansa a Fes, <ref name="Meri2005" /> inda ya kasance imam na [[Jami'ar al-Karaouine|Masallacin Qarawiyyin]].<ref name="Meri2005" /> A shekara ta 1617, ya kuma tafi Gabas, mai yiwuwa bayan jayayya da mai mulkin yankin, kuma ya zauna a [[Kairo|Alkahira]], inda ya ƙirƙiro sanannen aikinsa, ''Nafḥ al-ṭīb'' . A shekara ta 1620, ya ziyarci [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]] da [[Damascus|Dimashƙu]], kuma ya yi aikin hajji biyar a cikin shekaru shida. A [[Makkah|Makka]] da [[Madinah|Madina]] ya ba da sanannun laccoci game da hadadi. A shekara ta 1628, ya sake kasancewa a Damascus, inda kuma ya ci gaba da laccocinsa game da tarin [[Hadisi|Ḥadīth]] na [[Muhammad Al-Bukhari|Muhammad al-Bukhari]] ('Al'adun'), kuma ya yi magana da yawa game da ɗaukakar Musulmi Iberia, kuma ya sami ci gaba don rubuta aikinsa a kan wannan batun daga baya. A wannan shekarar ya koma Alkahira kuma ya shafe shekara guda yana rubuta tarihin Spain. Ana gudanar da rubuce-rubucen da suka tsira a wani bangare a El Escorial, kusa da [[Madrid]]. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1632 yayin shirye-shiryen zama a Damascus.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Maqqarī}}</ref> == Ayyuka == * ''Rawdat al-As al-'Aatirat al-Anfaas fi Dhikar maza Laqaituhu min Aa'alaam Marrakesh wa Fes'' (روضة الآس العاطرة الأنفاس في ذكر من لق Deli من أعلام الحضرتين: مراكش وفاس) - Aljanna ta Myrtle na Murmushi da Tunawa da Masana (ulema) Wanda na Metropolises guda biyu: Marrakesh da Fes. Al-Maqqarī ya keɓe wannan ga mai kula da shi Ahmad al-Mansur . * {{Interlanguage link|Nafh at-Tib|ar|نفح الطيب من غصن الأندلس الرطيب}} - Zafh الطيب من__wol____wol____wol__ . Babban aikinsa ya kunshi sassa biyu: : i) tarihin Musulmi Iberia wanda marubuta da yawa suka tattara; wanda William Wright, Christoph Krehl, Reinhart Dozy da [[Gustave Dugat]] suka buga a matsayin Analectes sur l'histoire et la littérature des Arabes d'Espagne (1855-1861), kuma a cikin fassarar Turanci da Pascual de Gayangos ya taƙaita, Tarihin Daular Mohammedan a Spain, Volume 1 (1840) da Volume 2 (1843);{{Sfn|Maqqarī (al-)|1855}} * ''Azhar al-Riyad fi Akhbar al-Qadi 'Ayyad'' (أزهار الرياض في أخبار القاضي عياض) == Littattafai == * Al-Makkari, القسم الأول من كتاب نفح الطيب, من__ssw____ssw____sw____ssw____sswa____sw__,____ssw__,__,____swng,____ssswng. by R. Dozy da G. Dugat, L. Krehl da W. Wright, 2 vols in four sassa (Leiden: Brill, 1855-61), [[iarchive:analectessurlhis11maqq|1.1]], [[iarchive:analectessurlhis12maqq|1.2]], [[iarchive:analectessurlhis21maqq|2.1]], [[iarchive:analectessurlhis22maqq|2.2]] (bugawa na ''nafḥ al-ṭīb'') * al-Maqqarı̄, ''Nafḥ al-Ṭı̄b min Ghuṣn al-Andalus al-Raṭı̄b'', ed. ta hanyar I. 'Abbās (Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1968) == Dubi kuma == * Jerin Ash'aris da Maturidis * Jerin masana kimiyya da malamai na Larabawa == Bayani == : 1. ''Nafḥ al-ṭīb min ghuṣn al-Andalus al-raṭīb wa-dhikr waziriha Lisān al-Dīn ibn al-Khaṭīb'' (نفح الطيب من)    == Manazarta == {{Arabic literature}} * Al-Maqqari's "Breath Of Perfumes", a cikin: Charles F. Horne, Littattafai Masu Tsarki da Littattafan Farko na Gabas: Larabci na Tsakiya, Moorish, da Turkiyya, .{{ISBN|0-7661-0001-4}} *   * Online: (a cikin Larabci)   == Haɗin waje == {{Commons category-inline}} bvzzm7r4tkjrgpjvduet6fohrv6uehb 0 140999 892845 890556 2026-08-08T10:12:28Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Shaban-i Veli (Turkiyya: Şaban-ı Veli) kuma an rubuta shi da sunan Sha’ban Wali (wanda ya kuma rasu a shekara ta 976 H/1569 miladiyya), shi ne waliyyin Sufi na Daular Usmaniyya daga Kastamonu, kuma ya kafa reshen Shabaniyya na tsarin Khalwatiyya[1]. An horar da shi kuma ya kasance murid (almajirin) Hayreddin Tokadi na Bolu. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haife shi a gundumar Taşköprü ta Kastamonu . Wani muhimmin bangare na bayanin game da rayuwarsa ya dogara ne akan aikin Ömer Fuâdî, [[Shehu|sheikh]] na biyar na Şaban-ı Velî Dergah, mai suna ''Menâk Tib-ı Şerîf-i Pir-i Halveti Hazret-i Sā'bân-ı Veli'' . Ömer Fuadi bai ba da bayani game da ranar haihuwarsa ba. A cikin bayanan kwanan nan, an ambaci shekaru 902 (1497) da 905 (1499-1500) don haihuwarsa. An yi iƙirarin cewa an haife shi a cikin 886 AH (1481 AD) bisa ga rikodin a cikin lasisin Shabani na baya-bayan nan (''[[Ijazah|icâzetnâme]]''), kuma an bayyana cewa an ba da wannan kwanan wata a cikin jerin da aka samu a Gidan Tarihi na Şaban-ı Velî . Shaban-i Veli ya rasa mahaifiyarsa da mahaifinsa tun yana ƙarami kuma wani sissy (''hanım ev ya''). Bayan kammala karatunsa na firamare a Taşköprü, ya yi karatun [[Tafsiri|tafsir]] da [[Hadisi|hadith]] kuma ya sami lasisinsa daga [[Khawaja|Hodja]] Veli ɗan Osman, wanda aka binne a Kabarin Masallacin Abdürrezzak a Kastamonu . Daga baya, ya tafi [[Istanbul]] don karatunsa kuma ya zauna a daya daga cikin [[Makarantar Islamiyya|Madrasas]] a gundumar Fatih (Constantinople). Bayanan da ke akwai suna nuna wannan makarantar ta kasance Karadeniz Bashkirsunlu Madrasa, inda ya yi karatun kimiyya mai tsarki kamar [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]], tafsir da hadisi na tsawon shekaru tara, kuma an nada shi a matsayin sheikh da malami a Masallacin Eyüp. Wannan bayanin ba a haɗa shi a cikin tsoffin tushe ba.<ref name="TDV">{{Cite web |title=ŞÂBÂN-ı VELÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saban-i-veli |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}</ref> Tare da Ömer Fuâdî, ɗaya daga cikin sheikhs na Shabani, Ibrahim ya rubuta wani menâk Tibnâme [tr] game da Shaban-i Velî, wanda ya kira ''Tezkiretü'l-Has''. Sheikh na karshe na Shabân-ı Veli Dergah, Mehmed Ataullah Efendi (Armay), ya rubuta wani kari ga Ömer Fuâdî's ''Menâk Tibname'' . Kamar yadda Halvetiyye shine tsari mafi girma, tsari na Shabaniyya a ciki shine tsari mafi yawanci tare da rassa da yawa. Shabaniyya ta kasance a cikin ƙasa mai faɗi daga Anatolia, Balkans, [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], [[Siriya]] da [[Hijaz|Hejaz]] zuwa cikin [[Indiya]] da [[Afirka]].<ref name="TDV" /> == Yankuna huɗu na Anatolia == Shaban-i Veli an yarda da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin sanduna huɗu (''aqtab'') na Anatolia ta dukkan da'irorin tariqa, sauran su ne [[Rumi|Mawlana Rumi]], Haji Bektash Veli, da Haji Bayram Veli. <ref name="TDV">{{Cite web |title=ŞÂBÂN-ı VELÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saban-i-veli |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Sufaye]] fkyua1m5t9hh91ccbl1t31n5s47e7k1 892847 892845 2026-08-08T10:12:43Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Shaban-i Veli (Turkiyya: Şaban-ı Veli) kuma an rubuta shi da sunan Sha’ban Wali (wanda ya kuma rasu a shekara ta 976 H/1569 miladiyya), shi ne waliyyin Sufi na Daular Usmaniyya daga Kastamonu, kuma ya kafa reshen Shabaniyya na tsarin Khalwatiyya[1]. An horar da shi kuma ya kasance murid (almajirin) Hayreddin Tokadi na Bolu. == Tarihin rayuwa == An kuma haife shi a gundumar Taşköprü ta Kastamonu . Wani muhimmin bangare na bayanin game da rayuwarsa ya dogara ne akan aikin Ömer Fuâdî, [[Shehu|sheikh]] na biyar na Şaban-ı Velî Dergah, mai suna ''Menâk Tib-ı Şerîf-i Pir-i Halveti Hazret-i Sā'bân-ı Veli'' . Ömer Fuadi bai ba da bayani game da ranar haihuwarsa ba. A cikin bayanan kwanan nan, an ambaci shekaru 902 (1497) da 905 (1499-1500) don haihuwarsa. An yi iƙirarin cewa an haife shi a cikin 886 AH (1481 AD) bisa ga rikodin a cikin lasisin Shabani na baya-bayan nan (''[[Ijazah|icâzetnâme]]''), kuma an bayyana cewa an ba da wannan kwanan wata a cikin jerin da aka samu a Gidan Tarihi na Şaban-ı Velî . Shaban-i Veli ya rasa mahaifiyarsa da mahaifinsa tun yana ƙarami kuma wani sissy (''hanım ev ya''). Bayan kammala karatunsa na firamare a Taşköprü, ya yi karatun [[Tafsiri|tafsir]] da [[Hadisi|hadith]] kuma ya sami lasisinsa daga [[Khawaja|Hodja]] Veli ɗan Osman, wanda aka binne a Kabarin Masallacin Abdürrezzak a Kastamonu . Daga baya, ya tafi [[Istanbul]] don karatunsa kuma ya zauna a daya daga cikin [[Makarantar Islamiyya|Madrasas]] a gundumar Fatih (Constantinople). Bayanan da ke akwai suna nuna wannan makarantar ta kasance Karadeniz Bashkirsunlu Madrasa, inda ya yi karatun kimiyya mai tsarki kamar [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]], tafsir da hadisi na tsawon shekaru tara, kuma an nada shi a matsayin sheikh da malami a Masallacin Eyüp. Wannan bayanin ba a haɗa shi a cikin tsoffin tushe ba.<ref name="TDV">{{Cite web |title=ŞÂBÂN-ı VELÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saban-i-veli |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}</ref> Tare da Ömer Fuâdî, ɗaya daga cikin sheikhs na Shabani, Ibrahim ya rubuta wani menâk Tibnâme [tr] game da Shaban-i Velî, wanda ya kira ''Tezkiretü'l-Has''. Sheikh na karshe na Shabân-ı Veli Dergah, Mehmed Ataullah Efendi (Armay), ya rubuta wani kari ga Ömer Fuâdî's ''Menâk Tibname'' . Kamar yadda Halvetiyye shine tsari mafi girma, tsari na Shabaniyya a ciki shine tsari mafi yawanci tare da rassa da yawa. Shabaniyya ta kasance a cikin ƙasa mai faɗi daga Anatolia, Balkans, [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], [[Siriya]] da [[Hijaz|Hejaz]] zuwa cikin [[Indiya]] da [[Afirka]].<ref name="TDV" /> == Yankuna huɗu na Anatolia == Shaban-i Veli an yarda da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin sanduna huɗu (''aqtab'') na Anatolia ta dukkan da'irorin tariqa, sauran su ne [[Rumi|Mawlana Rumi]], Haji Bektash Veli, da Haji Bayram Veli. <ref name="TDV">{{Cite web |title=ŞÂBÂN-ı VELÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saban-i-veli |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Sufaye]] 8qwwqhb6g7vl4quydrl206bz8wsxtk3 892848 892847 2026-08-08T10:13:03Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Shaban-i Veli (Turkiyya: Şaban-ı Veli) kuma an rubuta shi da sunan Sha’ban Wali (wanda ya kuma rasu a shekara ta 976 H/1569 miladiyya), shi ne waliyyin Sufi na Daular Usmaniyya daga Kastamonu, kuma ya kafa reshen Shabaniyya na tsarin Khalwatiyya[1]. An horar da shi kuma ya kasance murid (almajirin) Hayreddin Tokadi na Bolu. == Tarihin rayuwa == An kuma haife shi a gundumar Taşköprü ta Kastamonu . Wani muhimmin ɓangare na bayanin game da rayuwarsa ya dogara ne akan aikin Ömer Fuâdî, [[Shehu|sheikh]] na biyar na Şaban-ı Velî Dergah, mai suna ''Menâk Tib-ı Şerîf-i Pir-i Halveti Hazret-i Sā'bân-ı Veli'' . Ömer Fuadi bai ba da bayani game da ranar haihuwarsa ba. A cikin bayanan kwanan nan, an ambaci shekaru 902 (1497) da 905 (1499-1500) don haihuwarsa. An kuma yi iƙirarin cewa an haife shi a cikin 886 AH (1481 AD) bisa ga rikodin a cikin lasisin Shabani na baya-bayan nan (''[[Ijazah|icâzetnâme]]''), kuma an bayyana cewa an ba da wannan kwanan wata a cikin jerin da aka samu a Gidan Tarihi na Şaban-ı Velî . Shaban-i Veli ya rasa mahaifiyarsa da mahaifinsa tun yana ƙarami kuma wani sissy (''hanım ev ya''). Bayan kammala karatunsa na firamare a Taşköprü, ya yi karatun [[Tafsiri|tafsir]] da [[Hadisi|hadith]] kuma ya sami lasisinsa daga [[Khawaja|Hodja]] Veli ɗan Osman, wanda aka binne a Kabarin Masallacin Abdürrezzak a Kastamonu . Daga baya, ya tafi [[Istanbul]] don karatunsa kuma ya zauna a daya daga cikin [[Makarantar Islamiyya|Madrasas]] a gundumar Fatih (Constantinople). Bayanan da ke akwai suna nuna wannan makarantar ta kasance Karadeniz Bashkirsunlu Madrasa, inda ya yi karatun kimiyya mai tsarki kamar [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]], tafsir da hadisi na tsawon shekaru tara, kuma an nada shi a matsayin sheikh da malami a Masallacin Eyüp. Wannan bayanin ba a haɗa shi a cikin tsoffin tushe ba.<ref name="TDV">{{Cite web |title=ŞÂBÂN-ı VELÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saban-i-veli |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}</ref> Tare da Ömer Fuâdî, ɗaya daga cikin sheikhs na Shabani, Ibrahim ya rubuta wani menâk Tibnâme [tr] game da Shaban-i Velî, wanda ya kira ''Tezkiretü'l-Has''. Sheikh na karshe na Shabân-ı Veli Dergah, Mehmed Ataullah Efendi (Armay), ya rubuta wani kari ga Ömer Fuâdî's ''Menâk Tibname'' . Kamar yadda Halvetiyye shine tsari mafi girma, tsari na Shabaniyya a ciki shine tsari mafi yawanci tare da rassa da yawa. Shabaniyya ta kasance a cikin ƙasa mai faɗi daga Anatolia, Balkans, [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], [[Siriya]] da [[Hijaz|Hejaz]] zuwa cikin [[Indiya]] da [[Afirka]].<ref name="TDV" /> == Yankuna huɗu na Anatolia == Shaban-i Veli an yarda da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin sanduna huɗu (''aqtab'') na Anatolia ta dukkan da'irorin tariqa, sauran su ne [[Rumi|Mawlana Rumi]], Haji Bektash Veli, da Haji Bayram Veli. <ref name="TDV">{{Cite web |title=ŞÂBÂN-ı VELÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saban-i-veli |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Sufaye]] s9zeqp5boghgfymtr5ef8n1tz15t7vs 892849 892848 2026-08-08T10:13:23Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Shaban-i Veli (Turkiyya: Şaban-ı Veli) kuma an rubuta shi da sunan Sha’ban Wali (wanda ya kuma rasu a shekara ta 976 H/1569 miladiyya), shi ne waliyyin Sufi na Daular Usmaniyya daga Kastamonu, kuma ya kafa reshen Shabaniyya na tsarin Khalwatiyya[1]. An horar da shi kuma ya kasance murid (almajirin) Hayreddin Tokadi na Bolu. == Tarihin rayuwa == An kuma haife shi a gundumar Taşköprü ta Kastamonu . Wani muhimmin ɓangare na bayanin game da rayuwarsa ya dogara ne akan aikin Ömer Fuâdî, [[Shehu|sheikh]] na biyar na Şaban-ı Velî Dergah, mai suna ''Menâk Tib-ı Şerîf-i Pir-i Halveti Hazret-i Sā'bân-ı Veli'' . Ömer Fuadi bai ba da bayani game da ranar haihuwarsa ba. A cikin bayanan kwanan nan, an ambaci shekaru 902 (1497) da 905 (1499-1500) don haihuwarsa. An kuma yi iƙirarin cewa an haife shi a cikin 886 AH (1481 AD) bisa ga rikodin a cikin lasisin Shabani na baya-bayan nan (''[[Ijazah|icâzetnâme]]''), kuma an bayyana cewa an ba da wannan kwanan wata a cikin jerin da aka samu a Gidan Tarihi na Şaban-ı Velî . Shaban-i Veli ya rasa mahaifiyarsa da mahaifinsa tun yana ƙarami kuma wani sissy (''hanım ev ya''). Bayan kammala karatunsa na firamare a Taşköprü, ya yi karatun [[Tafsiri|tafsir]] da [[Hadisi|hadith]] kuma ya sami lasisinsa daga [[Khawaja|Hodja]] Veli ɗan Osman, wanda aka binne a Ƙabarin Masallacin Abdürrezzak a Kastamonu . Daga baya, ya tafi [[Istanbul]] don karatunsa kuma ya zauna a daya daga cikin [[Makarantar Islamiyya|Madrasas]] a gundumar Fatih (Constantinople). Bayanan da ke akwai suna nuna wannan makarantar ta kasance Karadeniz Bashkirsunlu Madrasa, inda ya yi karatun kimiyya mai tsarki kamar [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]], tafsir da hadisi na tsawon shekaru tara, kuma an nada shi a matsayin sheikh da malami a Masallacin Eyüp. Wannan bayanin ba a haɗa shi a cikin tsoffin tushe ba.<ref name="TDV">{{Cite web |title=ŞÂBÂN-ı VELÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saban-i-veli |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}</ref> Tare da Ömer Fuâdî, ɗaya daga cikin sheikhs na Shabani, Ibrahim ya rubuta wani menâk Tibnâme [tr] game da Shaban-i Velî, wanda ya kira ''Tezkiretü'l-Has''. Sheikh na karshe na Shabân-ı Veli Dergah, Mehmed Ataullah Efendi (Armay), ya rubuta wani kari ga Ömer Fuâdî's ''Menâk Tibname'' . Kamar yadda Halvetiyye shine tsari mafi girma, tsari na Shabaniyya a ciki shine tsari mafi yawanci tare da rassa da yawa. Shabaniyya ta kasance a cikin ƙasa mai faɗi daga Anatolia, Balkans, [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], [[Siriya]] da [[Hijaz|Hejaz]] zuwa cikin [[Indiya]] da [[Afirka]].<ref name="TDV" /> == Yankuna huɗu na Anatolia == Shaban-i Veli an yarda da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin sanduna huɗu (''aqtab'') na Anatolia ta dukkan da'irorin tariqa, sauran su ne [[Rumi|Mawlana Rumi]], Haji Bektash Veli, da Haji Bayram Veli. <ref name="TDV">{{Cite web |title=ŞÂBÂN-ı VELÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saban-i-veli |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Sufaye]] rw1rli8tmjvtma9zkgpvf56zdkecge7 892850 892849 2026-08-08T10:13:37Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Shaban-i Veli (Turkiyya: Şaban-ı Veli) kuma an rubuta shi da sunan Sha’ban Wali (wanda ya kuma rasu a shekara ta 976 H/1569 miladiyya), shi ne waliyyin Sufi na Daular Usmaniyya daga Kastamonu, kuma ya kafa reshen Shabaniyya na tsarin Khalwatiyya[1]. An horar da shi kuma ya kasance murid (almajirin) Hayreddin Tokadi na Bolu. == Tarihin rayuwa == An kuma haife shi a gundumar Taşköprü ta Kastamonu . Wani muhimmin ɓangare na bayanin game da rayuwarsa ya dogara ne akan aikin Ömer Fuâdî, [[Shehu|sheikh]] na biyar na Şaban-ı Velî Dergah, mai suna ''Menâk Tib-ı Şerîf-i Pir-i Halveti Hazret-i Sā'bân-ı Veli'' . Ömer Fuadi bai ba da bayani game da ranar haihuwarsa ba. A cikin bayanan kwanan nan, an ambaci shekaru 902 (1497) da 905 (1499-1500) don haihuwarsa. An kuma yi iƙirarin cewa an haife shi a cikin 886 AH (1481 AD) bisa ga rikodin a cikin lasisin Shabani na baya-bayan nan (''[[Ijazah|icâzetnâme]]''), kuma an bayyana cewa an ba da wannan kwanan wata a cikin jerin da aka samu a Gidan Tarihi na Şaban-ı Velî . Shaban-i Veli ya rasa mahaifiyarsa da mahaifinsa tun yana ƙarami kuma wani sissy (''hanım ev ya''). Bayan kammala karatunsa na firamare a Taşköprü, ya yi karatun [[Tafsiri|tafsir]] da [[Hadisi|hadith]] kuma ya sami lasisinsa daga [[Khawaja|Hodja]] Veli ɗan Osman, wanda aka binne a Ƙabarin Masallacin Abdürrezzak a Kastamonu . Daga baya, ya tafi [[Istanbul]] don karatunsa kuma ya zauna a daya daga cikin [[Makarantar Islamiyya|Madrasas]] a gundumar Fatih (Constantinople). Bayanan da ke akwai suna nuna wannan makarantar ta kasance Karadeniz Bashkirsunlu Madrasa, inda ya kuma yi karatun kimiyya mai tsarki kamar [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]], tafsir da hadisi na tsawon shekaru tara, kuma an nada shi a matsayin sheikh da malami a Masallacin Eyüp. Wannan bayanin ba a haɗa shi a cikin tsoffin tushe ba.<ref name="TDV">{{Cite web |title=ŞÂBÂN-ı VELÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saban-i-veli |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}</ref> Tare da Ömer Fuâdî, ɗaya daga cikin sheikhs na Shabani, Ibrahim ya rubuta wani menâk Tibnâme [tr] game da Shaban-i Velî, wanda ya kira ''Tezkiretü'l-Has''. Sheikh na karshe na Shabân-ı Veli Dergah, Mehmed Ataullah Efendi (Armay), ya rubuta wani kari ga Ömer Fuâdî's ''Menâk Tibname'' . Kamar yadda Halvetiyye shine tsari mafi girma, tsari na Shabaniyya a ciki shine tsari mafi yawanci tare da rassa da yawa. Shabaniyya ta kasance a cikin ƙasa mai faɗi daga Anatolia, Balkans, [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], [[Siriya]] da [[Hijaz|Hejaz]] zuwa cikin [[Indiya]] da [[Afirka]].<ref name="TDV" /> == Yankuna huɗu na Anatolia == Shaban-i Veli an yarda da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin sanduna huɗu (''aqtab'') na Anatolia ta dukkan da'irorin tariqa, sauran su ne [[Rumi|Mawlana Rumi]], Haji Bektash Veli, da Haji Bayram Veli. <ref name="TDV">{{Cite web |title=ŞÂBÂN-ı VELÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saban-i-veli |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Sufaye]] gqrszz1wm5ffk5oywjtlkpki5so9psb 892852 892850 2026-08-08T10:14:04Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Shaban-i Veli (Turkiyya: Şaban-ı Veli) kuma an rubuta shi da sunan Sha’ban Wali (wanda ya kuma rasu a shekara ta 976 H/1569 miladiyya), shi ne waliyyin Sufi na Daular Usmaniyya daga Kastamonu, kuma ya kafa reshen Shabaniyya na tsarin Khalwatiyya[1]. An horar da shi kuma ya kasance murid (almajirin) Hayreddin Tokadi na Bolu. == Tarihin rayuwa == An kuma haife shi a gundumar Taşköprü ta Kastamonu . Wani muhimmin ɓangare na bayanin game da rayuwarsa ya dogara ne akan aikin Ömer Fuâdî, [[Shehu|sheikh]] na biyar na Şaban-ı Velî Dergah, mai suna ''Menâk Tib-ı Şerîf-i Pir-i Halveti Hazret-i Sā'bân-ı Veli'' . Ömer Fuadi bai ba da bayani game da ranar haihuwarsa ba. A cikin bayanan kwanan nan, an ambaci shekaru 902 (1497) da 905 (1499-1500) don haihuwarsa. An kuma yi iƙirarin cewa an haife shi a cikin 886 AH (1481 AD) bisa ga rikodin a cikin lasisin Shabani na baya-bayan nan (''[[Ijazah|icâzetnâme]]''), kuma an bayyana cewa an ba da wannan kwanan wata a cikin jerin da aka samu a Gidan Tarihi na Şaban-ı Velî . Shaban-i Veli ya rasa mahaifiyarsa da mahaifinsa tun yana ƙarami kuma wani sissy (''hanım ev ya''). Bayan kammala karatunsa na firamare a Taşköprü, ya yi karatun [[Tafsiri|tafsir]] da [[Hadisi|hadith]] kuma ya sami lasisinsa daga [[Khawaja|Hodja]] Veli ɗan Osman, wanda aka binne a Ƙabarin Masallacin Abdürrezzak a Kastamonu . Daga baya, ya tafi [[Istanbul]] don karatunsa kuma ya zauna a daya daga cikin [[Makarantar Islamiyya|Madrasas]] a gundumar Fatih (Constantinople). Bayanan da ke akwai suna nuna wannan makarantar ta kasance Karadeniz Bashkirsunlu Madrasa, inda ya kuma yi karatun kimiyya mai tsarki kamar [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]], tafsir da hadisi na tsawon shekaru tara, kuma an nada shi a matsayin sheikh da malami a Masallacin Eyüp. Wannan bayanin ba a haɗa shi a cikin tsoffin tushe ba.<ref name="TDV">{{Cite web |title=ŞÂBÂN-ı VELÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saban-i-veli |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}</ref> Tare da Ömer Fuâdî, ɗaya daga cikin sheikhs na Shabani, Ibrahim ya rubuta wani menâk Tibnâme [tr] game da Shaban-i Velî, wanda ya kira ''Tezkiretü'l-Has''. Sheikh na karshe na Shabân-ı Veli Dergah, Mehmed Ataullah Efendi (Armay), ya rubuta wani kari ga Ömer Fuâdî's ''Menâk Tibname'' . Kamar yadda Halvetiyye shine tsari mafi girma, tsari na Shabaniyya a ciki shine tsari mafi yawanci tare da rassa da yawa. Shabaniyya ta kasance a cikin ƙasa mai faɗi daga Anatolia, Balkans, [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], [[Siriya]] da [[Hijaz|Hejaz]] zuwa cikin [[Indiya]] da [[Afirka]].<ref name="TDV" /> == Yankuna huɗu na Anatolia == Shaban-i Veli an yarda da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin sanduna huɗu (''aqtab'') na kuma Anatolia ta dukkan da'irorin tariqa, sauran su ne [[Rumi|Mawlana Rumi]], Haji Bektash Veli, da Haji Bayram Veli. <ref name="TDV">{{Cite web |title=ŞÂBÂN-ı VELÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saban-i-veli |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Sufaye]] d4b2omvf4od1jzgka35pf8thxxae27x 0 141019 892713 816663 2026-08-08T02:21:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Myrtle Catherine Scharrer Betz''' (Fabrairu)&nbsp;22, 1895&nbsp;– Janairu&nbsp;3, 1992) marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka kuma mai rajin kare muhalli wadda ta rubuta game da rayuwa a Tsibirin Caladesi a farkon karni na 20. An san Betz da kasancewa mutum ɗaya tilo da ya fito daga zuriyar Turai da aka haifa a Tsibirin Caladesi, <ref>name="Floridian">{{Cite web |title=The Great Floridians 2000 Program |url=https://files.floridados.gov/media/693491/great_floridians_pdf.pdf |website=Florida Division of Historical Resources |language=en-US |access-date=2026-02-21 |archive-date=2025-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250306025554/https://files.floridados.gov/media/693491/great_floridians_pdf.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma yin kwale-kwale a kan St. Joseph Sound kowace rana don halartar makaranta a Dunedin tun tana ƙarama. A rayuwarta ta baya, Betz ta yi tasiri a Tsibirin Caladesi ta zama wurin shakatawa na gwamnati . == Rayuwa ta farko == [[Fayil:ScharrerFamilyHome.jpg|left|thumb|Gidan dangin Scharrer a Tsibirin Hog.]] An haifi Myrtle Scharrer a watan Fabrairu&nbsp;A ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba, 1895, a Tsibirin Caladesi, wanda a lokacin ake kira Hog Island, ga Henry Scharrer, wani baƙo ɗan ƙasar Switzerland wanda ya fara zama a tsibirin a ƙarshen shekarun 1880, da Catherine "Kate" McNally, wata baƙuwa 'yar ƙasar Ireland wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gida ga wani iyali a Dunedin . <ref> name="Kirby">{{Cite web |last=Kirby |first=Sharon |date=1982-08-29 |title=Myrtle Betz tells of 35 years of life amid Caladesi's beauties |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times-myrtle-betz-tells-of-35/158291263/ |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=Tampa Bay Times; St. Petersburg, Florida |pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times/158291305/] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref> name="Washington">{{Cite web |last=Washington |first=Ray |date=1984-03-25 |title=Outsider from the island |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/fort-pierce-tribune-outsider-from-the-is/158292097/ |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=Fort Pierce Tribune; Fort Pierce, Florida |language=en-US}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta ta mutu a shekarar 1902, lokacin da Scharrer ke da shekaru bakwai. A lokacin da take zaune a tsibirin, Scharrer da mahaifinta suna kamun kifi. <ref> name="Washington">{{Cite web |last=Washington |first=Ray |date=1984-03-25 |title=Outsider from the island |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/fort-pierce-tribune-outsider-from-the-is/158292097/ |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=Fort Pierce Tribune; Fort Pierce, Florida |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWashington1984">Washington, Ray (1984-03-25). </cite></ref> Mahaifinta kuma yana noma amfanin gona kuma yana kiwon zuma a tsibirin, yayin da yake koya wa Scharrer farauta da kamun kifi. Tun tana da shekaru takwas, Scharrer ta halarci makaranta akai-akai a babban yankin, inda ta kasance mai halartar kusan shekaru huɗu; daga baya ta tuna da yin kwale-kwale a fadin St. Joseph Sound . <ref> name="Brenner">{{Cite web |last=Brenner |first=L.C. |date=1944-06-02 |title=American Pageant |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/fort-worth-star-telegram-american-pagean/158292184/ |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=Fort Worth Star-Telegram; Fort Worth, Texas |language=en-US}}</ref> Yayin da mahaifinta ke sayar da sabbin amfanin gona, kifi, zuma, da alade, Scharrer - wacce ta kira kanta " tomboy " - ta sami kuɗi a matsayin mai farautar gashi. Ta taimaka mata wajen karatunta da ayyukan "kimiyya" na mahaifinta daga Bern, [[Switzerland]] . <ref name="Kirby">{{Cite web |last=Kirby |first=Sharon |date=1982-08-29 |title=Myrtle Betz tells of 35 years of life amid Caladesi's beauties |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times-myrtle-betz-tells-of-35/158291263/ |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=Tampa Bay Times; St. Petersburg, Florida |pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times/158291305/] |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKirby1982">Kirby, Sharon (1982-08-29). </cite></ref> <ref name="Washington" /> A shekarar 1915, tana da shekaru 20, ta auri Herman Betz; sun zauna tare shekaru uku a [[Miami]] kafin su koma St. Petersburg a shekarar 1918. Iyalan Betz sun koma Caladesi a shekarar 1919, kuma a shekarar 1928 sun haifi 'ya mace ɗaya. <ref name="Washington">{{Cite web |last=Washington |first=Ray |date=1984-03-25 |title=Outsider from the island |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/fort-pierce-tribune-outsider-from-the-is/158292097/ |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=Fort Pierce Tribune; Fort Pierce, Florida |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWashington1984">Washington, Ray (1984-03-25). </cite></ref> {{Sfn|Betz|2023}} A watan Yunin 1934, watanni shida kafin mutuwar Henry Scharrer, Betz da mijinta sun ƙaura zuwa babban yankin ƙasar don 'yarsu ta sami damar zuwa makaranta a Dunedin. <ref name="Brenner">{{Cite web |last=Brenner |first=L.C. |date=1944-06-02 |title=American Pageant |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/fort-worth-star-telegram-american-pagean/158292184/ |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=Fort Worth Star-Telegram; Fort Worth, Texas |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBrenner1944">Brenner, L.C. (1944-06-02). </cite></ref> {{Sfn|Betz|2023}} Betz yana kan Tsibirin Hog lokacin da guguwar Tampa Bay ta afkawa a shekarar 1921. Guguwar ta raba tsibirin gida biyu, inda ta samar da Tsibirin Honeymoon a arewa da Tsibirin Caladesi a kudu. Betz yana cikin wadanda suka fara kallon sabuwar hanyar da ta raba tsibiran, wato Hurricane Pass. An ruwaito cewa gidan Scharrer bai samu wata barna ta dindindin ba. Betz, wacce ta kasance memba a ƙungiyar National Audubon Society tsawon rai, ta kasance mai fafutukar kare tsuntsaye a [[Muhallin Kifi da muhallin namun daji na Amurk|Ofishin Binciken Halittu]] daga 1919 zuwa 1934. <ref name="Lamm1992">{{Cite web |last=Lamm |first=Sharon Kirby |date=1992-01-04 |title=Myrtle Scharrer Betz, 96, writer of book about Caladesi Island |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times-obituary-for-myrtle-scha/158290991/ |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=Tampa Bay Times; St. Petersburg, Florida |language=en-US}}</ref> {{Sfn|Betz|2023}} A shekarar 1932, ta buga wani labari a cikin ''The Auk'' game da mujiyoyin da ke tono a tsibirin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Betz |first=Myrtle Scharrer |year=1932 |title=Florida Burrowing Owl in Pinellas Co., Fla. |url=https://sora.unm.edu/node/15898 |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=Searchable Ornithological Research Archive |language=en-US}}</ref> Betz ta yi tafiye-tafiye da dama tare da masanin kimiyyar halitta WS Blatchley, wanda mazaunin Dunedin ne na hunturu. {{Sfn|Betz|2023}} An ambace ta a cikin littafinsa na 1932 ''mai suna In Days Agone'' a matsayin "mai lura da rayuwar tsuntsaye sosai." [[Fayil:Waterfront_scene_-_Dunedin,_Florida.jpg|thumb|Kamfanin Kifi na Dunedin a Dunedin Marina inda Betz ya yi aiki a shekarun 1940.]] A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], Kamfanin Kifi na Dunedin ya ɗauki Betz aiki. <ref name="Lamm1992"/> Daga 1944 zuwa 1946, ta rubuta ba tare da an ambaci sunanta ba a cikin wani shafi na mako-mako a cikin Jaridar ''Dunedin Times'' mai suna "Pinch-Hitting for the Old Gishiri," sunan yana nufin kalmar wasan baseball don maye gurbin batter . {{Sfn|Betz|2023}} {{Sfn|Betz|2012}} Shafin yakan nuna girke-girke da labarai game da Dunedin Marina. {{Sfn|Betz|2012}} Daga 1946 zuwa 1954, iyalan Betz sun yi lokacin bazara a wani lambun 'ya'yan itace da suka mallaka a Bent, New Mexico . {{Sfn|Betz|2023}} {{Sfn|Betz|2012}} == Rayuwa daga baya == Betz ta rayu mafi yawan rayuwarta ta ƙarshe a Palm Harbor, ta yi ritaya a can a shekarar 1954. {{Sfn|Betz|2023}} Bisa ga burin mahaifinta, Betz ta shafe shekaru tana neman mayar da kadarar Scharrer da ke Caladesi zuwa mafakar namun daji, ba tare da ta sami goyon bayan gwamnati ba; kafin shekarun 1960 ba a yi mata kallon mai kyau ba. {{Sfn|Betz|2023}} Bayan an sayar da ita ga Kwamishinan Birnin Dunedin Francis L. Skinner a shekarar 1946, gidan Scharrer mai fadin eka 156, tare da sauran kadarori a tsibirin, jihar ta saya, kuma ta gina wurin shakatawa na gwamnati a shekarar 1967, kodayake gidaje da ɗakunan ajiya na asali da ke wurin sun ƙone a shekarun 1950. {{Sfn|Betz|2023}} Betz ta yi aiki a majalisar ba da shawara kan al'amuran da suka shafi Caladesi daga 1967 zuwa 1971. {{Sfn|Betz|2023}} Tana da shekaru 87, Betz ta rubuta littafin, ''Yesteryear I Lived in Paradise'', tana ba da labarin rayuwarta a tsibirin shinge . An fara buga littafin ''Yesteryear I Lived In Paradise'' a shekarar 1985 a cikin wani tsari mai sassauƙa wanda ya samu damar ta hanyar sha'awa da karimcin abokai 105 na Myrtle Betz. An gabatar da wannan bugu ga Myrtle a matsayin kyauta mai ban mamaki don cika shekaru 90 da haihuwa, tare da rubutun farko da Vivien Skinner Grant, 'yar'uwar Francis L. Skinner da aka ambata a baya kuma tsohon Kwamishinan Birnin Dunedin da kanta ya rubuta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-24 |title=The Story Behind Yesteryear |url=https://caladesimemories.com/about-yesteryear-i-lived-in-paradise/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=Caladesi Memories |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekarar 1990, Honeymoon Island State Park ta yi bikin Ranar Myrtle Scharrer Betz a tsibirin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1990-11-16 |title=Author to receive honor at park |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times-author-to-receive-honor/158291490/ |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=Tampa Bay Times; St. Petersburg, Florida |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Landry |first=Sue |date=1990-11-18 |title=Island living subject of celebration |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times-island-living-subject-of/158291550/ |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=Tampa Bay Times; St. Petersburg, Florida |pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times/158291561/] |language=en-US}}</ref> == Mutuwa da gado == [[Fayil:Myrtle_Scharrer_Betz_Great_Floridians_2000_Plaque.jpg|thumb|An yi wa ado da babban allo na Betz's Great Floridians 2000 a Dunedin Marina.]] Betz ta mutu a shekarar 1992 a Asibitin Sun Coast bayan ta sha fama da bugun jini. <ref name="Lamm1992"/> Daga baya iyalanta suka watsar da tokarta a Caladesi Island State Park. <ref name="Lamm1992" /> A shekarar 1994, an gabatar da wani wasan kwaikwayo da ya dogara da littafinta game da Tsibirin Caladesi, ''The Islander'', a cibiyar al'adu da ke Tarpon Springs, Florida . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lamm |first=Sharon Kirby |date=1994-10-21 |title=Woman's island life comes to the stage |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times-womans-island-life-come/158291055/ |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=Tampa Bay Times; St. Petersburg, Florida |language=en-US}}</ref> Zuriyar Betz sun kuma gabatar da labarin rayuwarta a cikin kayan kwalliya na lokacin al'ada ga mutanen da ke sha'awar rayuwa a tsibirin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Robert |date=2001-02-16 |title=A homesteader's tale of perseverance and survival |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-kingston-whig-standard-a-homesteader/158291888/ |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=The Kingston Whig-Standard; Kingston, Ontario, Canada |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 2000, an karrama ta a matsayin babbar 'yar Florida, ɗaya daga cikin mutane biyu da aka karrama daga Dunedin (ɗayan kuma shine babban mai sayar da ruwan lemu Bronson Cushing Skinner, wanda ɗan'uwan Francis L. Skinner ne). <ref name="Floridian">{{Cite web |title=The Great Floridians 2000 Program |url=https://files.floridados.gov/media/693491/great_floridians_pdf.pdf |website=Florida Division of Historical Resources |language=en-US |access-date=2026-02-21 |archive-date=2025-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250306025554/https://files.floridados.gov/media/693491/great_floridians_pdf.pdf |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://files.floridados.gov/media/693491/great_floridians_pdf.pdf "The Great Floridians 2000 Program"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250306025554/https://files.floridados.gov/media/693491/great_floridians_pdf.pdf |date=2025-03-06 }} <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Allon Betz yana nan a Dunedin Marina, inda ta yi aiki a Kamfanin Kifi na Dunedin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dunedin Marina History |url=https://www.oldebaycafe.com/dunedin-marina/ |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=Olde Bay Cafe |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250310232720/https://www.oldebaycafe.com/dunedin-marina/ |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> An sake buga littafin ''Yesteryear I Lived in Paradise'' a shekarar 1991, 2009, da kuma 2023. An ba da kyautar Florida Trust for Historic Preservation a bugun 2009, kuma murfin littafin ya ƙunshi ''Caladesi Sunset'', wani zane da mai zane na Tarpon Springs Christopher M. Still ya zana . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Caladesi Island Memoir Wins Preservation Award |url=https://tampareview.blogspot.com/2009/06/caladesi-island-history-book-wins-award.html |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=Tampa Review and University of Tampa Press |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250310234551/https://tampareview.blogspot.com/2009/06/caladesi-island-history-book-wins-award.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> <ref name="Books">{{Cite web |title=Caladesi Island Books |url=https://caladesimemories.com/caladesi-island-books/ |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=Caladesi Memories |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250310235100/https://caladesimemories.com/caladesi-island-books/ |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> A shekarar 2012, jikokin Betz Terry Fortner da Suzanne Thorp sun buga ''littafin Caladesi Cookbook: Recipes from a Florida Lifetime, 1895-1992'', wani littafi na girke-girke na Betz tare da bayanan da ke ba da bayanai game da rayuwarta da kuma abubuwan tunawa da iyalinta, tare da gabatarwar da farfesa Gary R. Mormino na tarihi na Jami'ar Kudancin Florida ya rubuta. <ref name="Books" /> A shekarar 2008, an bayyana Betz a cikin littafin Linda Taylor game da matan Florida da ke binciken yanayi, kuma a shekarar 2016, an nuna tarihin rayuwarta a wani baje koli, "Our Women, Our Places," a Gidan Tarihi na Palm Harbor, wanda kuma aka sake yin wani karatun wasan kwaikwayo na The Islander . Daga baya, ƙungiyar tarihi ta Clearwater ta naɗa ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata masu ban sha'awa na 2025 Trailblazing, wani baje koli na shekara-shekara a lokacin Watan Tarihin Mata wanda ke girmama manyan mata daga yankin Gundumar Pinellas . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] a6cryg65jxn53tx2ym9lw78vcj1piy4 0 141194 892892 838609 2026-08-08T10:29:43Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdul Jabbar''' (11 October 1919 – 21 February 1952) was a Bengali protester who was killed during the Bengali language movement in 1952 that took place in what was then East Pakistan. He is considered a martyr in [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="ds11Feb2008" /> == Tarihi == An haifi Abdul Jabbar a ranar 11 ga Octoban shekarar 1919 a Pachua a ƙarƙashin Gaffargaon, Mymensingh, Gabashin Bengal, British Raj . Kodayake ya sami ilimin firamare a makarantar sakandare ta yankin da ake kira pathsala (Dhopaghat Krishtobazar Primary School), ya kasa ci gaba da karatunsa saboda talauci. == Ayyuka == Abdul Jabbar yana aiki tare da mahaifinsa yana noma a ƙauyensu. Ya kuma yanke shawarar tafiya zuwa garin [[Narayanganj]] mai tashar jiragen ruwa a Burma ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa. Ya sami aiki a Burma ta hannun wani Baturen Ingila da ya haɗu da shi a Narayanganj. Ya yi aiki a can tsawon shekaru 12 kafin ya koma Burma. An ɗauke shi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Indiya ta Birtaniya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu amma an sallame shi bayan ya ji rauni a lokacin horo. A lokacin yana aiki a matsayin mai dinki. Ya zo Dhaka, Gabashin Pakistan a 1952 tare da matarsa don yi wa surukarsa magani a Asibitin Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Dhaka. <ref name="bpedia2" /> A 1949, ya shiga [[Bangladesh Ansar|Ansar Bangladesh]], rundunar sojoji ta [[Bangladesh]] (wadda a wancan lokacin ake [[East Pakistan|kira Gabashin Pakistan]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-21 |script-title=bn:ভাষা শহীদ আনসার প্লাটুন কমান্ডার আব্দুল জব্বারের প্রতি আনসার ও গ্রাম প্রতিরক্ষা বাহিনীর পক্ষ হতে বিনম্র শ্রদ্ধা |url=https://chetona24news.com/3178/?fbclid=IwY2xjawKW6FBleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHvBsaFwk8GJtsh33nOCkAhq6V3kXhMMxqqK-1oOVO3ZnqCvzBg6YQXUgKkpE_aem_Yh-FN_0UbrUGmp2JNsgntQ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=চেতনা ২৪ নিউজ |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250818055356/https://chetona24news.com/3178/?fbclid=IwY2xjawKW6FBleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHvBsaFwk8GJtsh33nOCkAhq6V3kXhMMxqqK-1oOVO3ZnqCvzBg6YQXUgKkpE_aem_Yh-FN_0UbrUGmp2JNsgntQ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == A shekara ta 1949, Abdul Jabbar ya auri Amina Khatun, ɗaya daga cikin 'yar'uwar abokansa kuma ya zauna. Shekara daya da rabi bayan auren, Amina ta haifi jariri, wanda ake kira Nurul Islam Badol. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1919]] muq8vm9s698dnksztgvx0nngkdnx0oz 892896 892892 2026-08-08T10:30:49Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdul Jabbar''' (11 October 1919 – 21 February 1952) was a Bengali protester who was killed during the Bengali language movement in 1952 that took place in what was then East Pakistan. He is considered a martyr in [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="ds11Feb2008" /> == Tarihi == An haifi Abdul Jabbar a ranar 11 ga Octoban shekarar 1919 a Pachua a ƙarƙashin Gaffargaon, Mymensingh, Gabashin Bengal, British Raj . Kodayake ya sami ilimin firamare a makarantar sakandare ta yankin da ake kira pathsala (Dhopaghat Krishtobazar Primary School), ya kasa ci gaba da karatunsa saboda talauci. == Ayyuka == Abdul Jabbar yana aiki tare da mahaifinsa yana noma a ƙauyensu. Ya kuma yanke shawarar tafiya zuwa garin [[Narayanganj]] mai tashar jiragen ruwa a Burma ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa. Ya sami aiki a Burma ta hannun wani Baturen Ingila da ya haɗu da shi a Narayanganj. Ya kuma yi aiki a can tsawon shekaru 12 kafin ya koma Burma. An ɗauke shi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Indiya ta Birtaniya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu amma an sallame shi bayan ya ji rauni a lokacin horo. A lokacin yana aiki a matsayin mai dinki. Ya zo Dhaka, Gabashin Pakistan a shekarar 1952 tare da matarsa don yi wa surukarsa magani a Asibitin Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Dhaka. <ref name="bpedia2" /> A 1949, ya shiga [[Bangladesh Ansar|Ansar Bangladesh]], rundunar sojoji ta [[Bangladesh]] (wadda a wancan lokacin ake [[East Pakistan|kira Gabashin Pakistan]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-21 |script-title=bn:ভাষা শহীদ আনসার প্লাটুন কমান্ডার আব্দুল জব্বারের প্রতি আনসার ও গ্রাম প্রতিরক্ষা বাহিনীর পক্ষ হতে বিনম্র শ্রদ্ধা |url=https://chetona24news.com/3178/?fbclid=IwY2xjawKW6FBleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHvBsaFwk8GJtsh33nOCkAhq6V3kXhMMxqqK-1oOVO3ZnqCvzBg6YQXUgKkpE_aem_Yh-FN_0UbrUGmp2JNsgntQ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=চেতনা ২৪ নিউজ |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250818055356/https://chetona24news.com/3178/?fbclid=IwY2xjawKW6FBleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHvBsaFwk8GJtsh33nOCkAhq6V3kXhMMxqqK-1oOVO3ZnqCvzBg6YQXUgKkpE_aem_Yh-FN_0UbrUGmp2JNsgntQ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == A shekara ta 1949, Abdul Jabbar ya auri Amina Khatun, ɗaya daga cikin 'yar'uwar abokansa kuma ya zauna. Shekara daya da rabi bayan auren, Amina ta haifi jariri, wanda ake kira Nurul Islam Badol. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1919]] j9jquqhgw30mfsweuqfxxvt7qd0o6o4 0 141308 892948 822109 2026-08-08T10:53:05Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ilyas Khoja''' (Chagatai and [[Farisawa|Persian]]: الیاس خواجه; died 1368) was Khan in Transoxiana (1363) and Khan of Moghulistan from 1363 to 1368. He was the son of Tughlugh Timur. == Tarihin rayuwa == A cikin shekarar 1363, Tughlugh Timur, wanda kwanan nan ya mallaki Transoxiana kuma ya kashe yawancin shugabannin yankin, ya nada Ilyas Khoja a matsayin mai mulkinta. Rashin tausayi da Moghuls suka mallaki yankin ya sa mutane da yawa su yi adawa da su, ciki har da Amir Husayn na Qara'unas da Amir Timur na Barlas. Tare sun fuskanci sojojin Moghuls da kabilun yankin da ke da aminci ga Ilyas Khoja, kuma sun ci su a yakin Stone Bridge. Ba da daɗewa ba, Tughlugh Timur ya mutu kuma Ilyas Khoja ya tafi Moghulistan don karɓar mulki. A cikin shekarar 1365, Ilyas Khoja ya koma Transoxiana. A watan Mayu, ya ci Amir Husayn da Timur a yakin Tashkent, amma lokacin da ya isa gaban ƙofofin Samarkand mazaunanta sun ki yarda ya shiga, kuma kewaye da ya biyo baya ya kasance bala'i. Wani annoba tsakanin dawakai ya hana Moghuls ikon su, kuma an tilasta musu su sake barin Transoxiana. A shekara ta 1368, Ilyas Khoja ya mutu. Dughlat amir Qamar ud-Din sannan ya kwace khanship; mai yiwuwa ne ke da alhakin mutuwar Ilyas Khoja. An kashe yawancin dangin khan, amma an ɓoye ɗan'uwansa Khizr Khoja, wanda daga ƙarshe zai sake dawo da Moghulistan don layin Chagatai Khan, cikin aminci. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{S-start}} {{S-bef|before=[[Tughlugh Timur]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Chagatai Khans|Moghul Khan]]|years=1363–1368}} {{S-aft|after=[[Qamar Ud-Din (Moghulistan)|Qamar Ud-Din]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[Tughlugh Timur]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Chagatai Khans|Khan in Transoxiana]]|years=1363}} {{S-aft|after=[[Adil-Sultan]]}} {{S-end}} icp6b71t0lh7uf1ejiek2kiehwjwt6j 892949 892948 2026-08-08T10:53:15Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ilyas Khoja''' (Chagatai and [[Farisawa|Persian]]: الیاس خواجه; died 1368) was Khan in Transoxiana (1363) and Khan of Moghulistan from 1363 to 1368. He was the son of Tughlugh Timur. == Tarihin rayuwa == A cikin shekarar 1363, Tughlugh Timur, wanda kwanan nan ya mallaki Transoxiana kuma ya kashe yawancin shugabannin yankin, ya nada Ilyas Khoja a matsayin mai mulkinta. Rashin tausayi da Moghuls suka mallaki yankin ya sa mutane da yawa su yi adawa da su, ciki har da Amir Husayn na Qara'unas da Amir Timur na Barlas. Tare sun fuskanci sojojin Moghuls da kabilun yankin da ke da aminci ga Ilyas Khoja, kuma sun ci su a yakin Stone Bridge. Ba da daɗewa ba, Tughlugh Timur ya mutu kuma Ilyas Khoja ya tafi Moghulistan don karɓar mulki. A cikin shekarar 1365, Ilyas Khoja ya koma Transoxiana. A watan Mayu, ya ci Amir Husayn da Timur a yakin Tashkent, to amma lokacin da ya isa gaban ƙofofin Samarkand mazaunanta sun ki yarda ya shiga, kuma kewaye da ya biyo baya ya kasance bala'i. Wani annoba tsakanin dawakai ya hana Moghuls ikon su, kuma an tilasta musu su sake barin Transoxiana. A shekara ta 1368, Ilyas Khoja ya mutu. Dughlat amir Qamar ud-Din sannan ya kwace khanship; mai yiwuwa ne ke da alhakin mutuwar Ilyas Khoja. An kashe yawancin dangin khan, amma an ɓoye ɗan'uwansa Khizr Khoja, wanda daga ƙarshe zai sake dawo da Moghulistan don layin Chagatai Khan, cikin aminci. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{S-start}} {{S-bef|before=[[Tughlugh Timur]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Chagatai Khans|Moghul Khan]]|years=1363–1368}} {{S-aft|after=[[Qamar Ud-Din (Moghulistan)|Qamar Ud-Din]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[Tughlugh Timur]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Chagatai Khans|Khan in Transoxiana]]|years=1363}} {{S-aft|after=[[Adil-Sultan]]}} {{S-end}} eygaa9qcrhk9wk7y7tx6ews5qpae2es 892950 892949 2026-08-08T10:53:30Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ilyas Khoja''' (Chagatai and [[Farisawa|Persian]]: الیاس خواجه; died 1368) was Khan in Transoxiana (1363) and Khan of Moghulistan from 1363 to 1368. He was the son of Tughlugh Timur. == Tarihin rayuwa == A cikin shekarar 1363, Tughlugh Timur, wanda kwanan nan ya mallaki Transoxiana kuma ya kashe yawancin shugabannin yankin, ya nada Ilyas Khoja a matsayin mai mulkinta. Rashin tausayi da Moghuls suka mallaki yankin ya sa mutane da yawa su yi adawa da su, ciki har da Amir Husayn na Qara'unas da Amir Timur na Barlas. Tare sun fuskanci sojojin Moghuls da kabilun yankin da ke da aminci ga Ilyas Khoja, kuma sun ci su a yakin Stone Bridge. Ba da daɗewa ba, Tughlugh Timur ya mutu kuma Ilyas Khoja ya tafi Moghulistan don karɓar mulki. A cikin shekarar 1365, Ilyas Khoja ya koma Transoxiana. A watan Mayu, ya ci Amir Husayn da Timur a yakin Tashkent, to amma lokacin da ya isa gaban ƙofofin Samarkand mazaunanta sun ki yarda ya shiga, kuma kewaye da ya biyo baya ya kasance bala'i. Wani annoba tsakanin dawakai ya hana Moghuls ikon su, kuma an tilasta musu su sake barin Transoxiana. A shekara ta 1368, Ilyas Khoja ya mutu. Dughlat amir Qamar ud-Din sannan ya kwace khanship; mai yiwuwa ne ke da alhakin mutuwar Ilyas Khoja. An kuma kashe yawancin dangin khan, amma an ɓoye ɗan'uwansa Khizr Khoja, wanda daga ƙarshe zai sake dawo da Moghulistan don layin Chagatai Khan, cikin aminci. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{S-start}} {{S-bef|before=[[Tughlugh Timur]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Chagatai Khans|Moghul Khan]]|years=1363–1368}} {{S-aft|after=[[Qamar Ud-Din (Moghulistan)|Qamar Ud-Din]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[Tughlugh Timur]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Chagatai Khans|Khan in Transoxiana]]|years=1363}} {{S-aft|after=[[Adil-Sultan]]}} {{S-end}} db0mgcy8pet9uzovjut4bnbqv0kkiny 0 141961 892743 818934 2026-08-08T05:50:30Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 892743 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Mintha_Theater_2.webm|thumb| A gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mintha ( Mandalay ) wani babban malami na Makarantar Fasaha ta Inwa ya nuna motsin hannu na gargajiya.]] [[Fayil:Burmese_village_ballet.jpg|thumb|Rawar ƙungiyar ƙauye a farkon shekarun 1900]] [[Fayil:Burmese_traditional_dance.jpg|thumb|Wasan rawa na gargajiya a Karaweik da ke Yangon]] '''Rawa a Burma''' (tun daga shekarar 1989 da aka fi sani da [[Myanmar]] ) za a iya raba ta zuwa raye-raye masu ban mamaki, na gargajiya da na ƙauye, da kuma na nat, kowannensu yana da halaye daban-daban. Duk da cewa rawa ta Burma ta yi kama da salon rawa na gargajiya na maƙwabtanta, musamman Thailand, tana riƙe da halaye na musamman waɗanda suka bambanta ta da sauran salon yanki, gami da motsi mai kusurwa, mai sauri da kuzari da kuma mai da hankali kan matsayi, ba motsi ba. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Burmese_puppetry.jpg|thumb|Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ( {{Lang|my|အမြင့်သဘင်}} ) shine abin da ya jawo hankalin ƙungiyoyi da yawa a cikin rawa ta gargajiya ta Burma, waɗanda motsinsu yake kama da 'yan tsana.]] Asalin rawar Burma an samo shi ne daga al'adun Pyu, [[Halin people|Halin]], da Mon a yankunan tsakiya da ƙananan Irrawaddy tun daga aƙalla ƙarni biyu kafin zamanin Kiristanci . Shaidun kayan tarihi sun nuna tasirin Indiya a cikin wannan. Akwai kuma tasirin al'adun Thai da Khmer a lokacin mamaya da yawa da mamayewa da suka faru a cikin shekaru dubu biyu masu zuwa. <ref name="dgehall2" /> Akwai wani ingantaccen tsari na rawa, kamar Yama Zatdaw (sigar Burma ta Ramayana) a cikin 1767, lokacin da Burma ta kori Ayutthaya ( {{Lang|my|ယိုးဒယား}} ) kuma ya kwace wani babban ɓangare na kotun Thailand. <ref name="dgehall2" /> Wasu daga cikin halittun da suka tsira (ciki har da raye-rayen belu, nat gadaw da zawgyi) suna girmama haruffan tatsuniyoyi waɗanda suka kasance na Burmese, wasu daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga zamanin kafin Buddha. Akwai kuma dangantaka ta kud da kud tsakanin nau'ikan rawa na Burmese na gargajiya da kuma rawar ɗan adam, inda na farko a bayyane yake yana kwaikwayon rawar ɗan adam, amma kuma da rawar ɗan adam yana kwaikwayon motsin rawa na marionette. Bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Birtaniya a shekarar 1948, akwai lokacin ƙaƙƙarfan [[Kishin ƙasa|ƙabilar]] al'adun Burma wanda ya haifar da kafa Makarantar Kiɗa ta Jiha a Mandalay a shekarar 1953. An yaba wa wata fitacciyar mai rawa ta wannan lokacin, Oba Thaung, wajen tsara kundin waƙoƙin Burma da ba su da takardu. An tattara manhajar karatunta a makarantar zuwa darussa biyar na rawa da aka tsara a matsayin zangon karatu na shekaru biyar. Kowanne daga cikin darussa biyar an raba shi zuwa jerin rawa da ya ƙunshi jimillar matakai 125, kowanne mataki kuma tsawonsa ya kai mintuna goma daidai. == Horarwa == Makarantar Inwa ta Fasaha da ke Mandalay wata makarantar sakandare ce ta al'adu a Mandalay wadda ke shirya matasa masu fasaha don yin rawa da kiɗan gargajiya na Myanmar bisa ga ƙa'idodin ƙwararru. <ref name="inwaschool">{{Cite web |title=The Inwa School for Performing Arts |url=http://www.artsmandalay.org/inwa-school.html |access-date=15 January 2023 |archive-date=26 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126172538/http://www.artsmandalay.org/inwa-school.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rawar Bagan == Wannan rawa ta samo asali ne daga zamanin daular Pyu (ƙarni na 5-10). An yi amfani da ƙananan kayan kida masu sauƙi kuma salon rawa yana da jinkiri da kwanciyar hankali. Kayan da masu rawa suka saka, kamar yadda aka nuna a zane-zanen bango, ƙanana ne kuma suna bayyana abubuwa. == Bilu rawa == Bilus (aljanu ko ogres) tsoffin haruffa ne, waɗanda ake kyautata zaton sun samo asali ne daga wata al'umma ta almara da ta yi yawo a Indiya da Burma kimanin shekara ta 2000 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa. Littattafan addinin Buddha sun bayyana su a matsayin na asali kuma wasu kabilu suna jin tsoronsu. A cikin adabi, an bayyana Belus a matsayin mai ikon canza yanayin rayuwa —ikon ɗaukar kamanni daban-daban na zahiri. Akwai nau'ikan aljanu iri-iri guda 24, kowannensu yana da sunansa da rawar da yake takawa a cikin labarai da wasannin kwaikwayo. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun shine Dasagiri, aljani a cikin tarihin Ramayana na Indiya. A kowace siffarsa, Belus yana nuna Shaiɗan. Yana da ban tsoro, mai girman kai da kuma mugunta a dabi'ance. Amma yana da gefen laushi. A cikin rawa na yau da kullun, Dasa-Giri yakan ba da furanni ga wata yarinya mai kyau. Matar da ba ta iya yin watsi da gefen dabbar ba kuma ta ƙi kyautarsa mai ƙauna. Aljanin sai ya nuna baƙin cikinsa game da ƙin amincewa. == Rawar Kinnara da Kinnari == [[Fayil:Shan_peacock_dance.jpg|thumb|Shan kinnara dan kinnari rawa]] Akwai nassoshi da yawa a cikin adabin Pali da Sanskrit game da tsuntsayen tatsuniyoyi masu kai da gangar jikin ɗan adam, Kinnara (namiji) da Kinnari (mace). A cewar adabin, tsuntsayen sun samo asali ne daga Indiya ta tarihi. Suna bayyana a cikin wasu jawaban Buddha da kansa. A Burma, ana samun hotunan salon rawa na [[Tsuntsu]] da aka zana da sassaka a bango a Bagan da kuma (har ma a da) daga [[Pyu kingdom|masarautun Pyu]] . Waƙoƙin da raye-rayen sun bayyana farin cikin sake haɗuwar Tsuntsu bayan rabuwar dare 700 sakamakon ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da ambaliyar ruwa. Rawar ta shahara a matsayin alamar soyayya ta gaskiya kuma tana da tarihi mai daɗaɗɗe wanda ƙungiyoyin rawa na Burma ke kiyayewa. Masu rawa suna sanye da fikafikai masu kaɗawa a wuyan hannunsu, sabanin fikafikai a hammatarsu, kamar yadda yake a al'adar Thailand da sauran ƙasashen Asiya . Rawar motsin tsuntsaye tana da laushi da kyau, kuma tana da tsari mai kyau tare da waƙoƙin da ke tare da ita. == Rawar ruhohin tsaro na Dutsen Popa == A cewar tatsuniyar mutanen Burma (amma wataƙila bisa ga bayanan tarihi), Me Wunna, kyakkyawar gimbiya 'yar'uwar sarkin Thaton ce a ƙasar Burma . Ta rabu da ɗan'uwanta, ta ƙi yin aure da wani ɗan sarki kuma ta zauna a gudun hijira ita kaɗai a cikin dazuzzukan Dutsen Popa . A matsayinta na mai bin addinin Buddha mai ibada, ta guji cin nama kuma tana rayuwa ne kawai akan furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Galibi tana sanya abin rufe fuska na aljani don tsoratar da maƙiya da abokai. Don haka ana ɗaukarta a matsayin aljani mai cin furanni. Daga baya ta kamu da son wani mai aika kayan sarauta mai kyawawan jiki, kuma ta haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu masu hazaka tare da shi. Abin takaici, an kashe mijinta saboda rashin ɗaukar furanni daga dutsen. Sakamakon haka, ya zama ''mutum'' mai hazaka. 'Ya'yan Me Wunna guda biyu, lokacin da suka girma, sun zama jarumai masu daraja a cikin Rundunar Sojan Sama. Abin takaici, sun faɗa cikin wani makirci, an kashe su saboda yin ƙarya, kuma suka rikide suka zama shahararrun Ruhohi guda biyu, "Brother Nats" na [[Taungbyone]] . Amma ba ƙarshen lamarin ba ne. Mummunan labarin mutuwar 'ya'yanta ba da daɗewa ba ya sa Me Wunna ta mutu cikin baƙin ciki. Don haka ta zama 'yar ''ƙasa'' kuma ta kasance a cikin Dutsen Popa, inda ta zama "Mai Girma" ga babban iko a cikin Masarautar Nats. Mai rawa, sanye da kayan sarauta na launin kore, tana kwaikwayon Ruhu. A kanta akwai abin rufe fuska na aljani. A hannunta, tana riƙe da wutsiyar dawisu guda biyu, alamar rana, don korar Duhu (mugun abu). Tana rawa a matsayin wata alama da alheri da dabara. == Rawar Nat == [[Fayil:Nat_pwe_in_Amarapura.jpg|thumb|Rawar nat gadaw (maganin sihiri) a Amarapura]] A Burma, al'ada ce a yi ba da kyautar kwakwa mai kore, hannaye uku na ayaba, da wasu kayan haɗi, ga Mai Kula da Ruhun Ƙasa ( nat ) kafin wani muhimmin taro kamar bikin rantsar da shugaban ƙasa. Wannan kwantar da hankalin Ruhu yawanci ana yi ne ta hanyar ƙwararren Ma'aikacin Ruhu (Nakadaw). Sau da yawa ana sanya wa mai rawan riga ja, gami da jan madauri, da kuma a kirji, da kuma mayafin ja mai ɗaure da aka ɗaure. Da kayan da aka miƙa a kan tire, ita ko shi suna rawa don farantawa juna rai kuma suna maimaita jerin waƙoƙin sau uku. Yayin da take rawa matsakaiciya, tana rera waƙoƙin al'ada ga Ruhohin Ƙasa guda 37 (Spirits) da kuma Nat na Gida. A farkon rawa, rawa tana da laushi kuma tana da tarihi na kiɗa. Bayan umarnin baki, mai rawa yana ƙara ƙarfin waƙar. Yayin da matsakaici ke umurtar ruhohi, motsin da kiɗan sun kai ga wani yanayi mai ban mamaki. == Rawar fitilar mai == A cikin rawar fitilar mai ( {{Lang|my|ဆီမီးကွက်အက}} ), fitilar mai ta gargajiya da aka bayar ga Buddha ita ce lagwanin auduga mai haske wanda aka jiƙa a cikin tukunyar ƙasa mai cike da mai shine babban abin rawa. Kyandir mai haske yanzu yawanci yana maye gurbinsa. Mutanen Rakhine na yammacin Burma suna haɗa rawan fitilar mai a cikin yawancin raye-rayen gargajiya, galibi na ibada, ga Buddha. Hannun mai wasan kwaikwayo koyaushe suna kan juye (don riƙe mai). Dattawan da suka tuna suna yin wasa da fitilun gargajiya sun ce sirrin shine kada a bar fitilar ta faɗi yayin da, a lokaci guda, tana bayyana takamaiman maganganu tare da halaye daban-daban na hannu da ƙafafu. "Kusan jaraba ce," in ji su. == Rawannin Ramayana == A shekara ta 1767, Sarki Hsinbyushin na daular Konbaung ya dawo da fursunonin Siamese zuwa Inwa (Ava), babban birnin masarautar. Daga cikin fursunonin akwai masu rawa a kotun Siamese waɗanda suka yi rawa a Ramayana ( Yama Zatdaw ) sanye da abin rufe fuska. A cikin wannan almara, Rama ita ce jarumi kuma babban hali, Sita ita ce jaruma, kuma Dasa-Giri ita ce mugu aljani. A wani ɓangare na al'ada, Rama ta shagaltu da Zinare Deer, wanda siffa ce ta 'yar'uwar aljani ta Dathagiri (Ravana) ta aljani. Dathagiri da kansa ya canza siffarsa a matsayin Wawa. Daga nan sai aka ga Rama yana bin sawun Barewa mai ban sha'awa sosai. Barewa ta bar wasu alamu a matsayin hanya. == U Min Gyaw dance == [[U Min Gyaw]], wanda aka fi sani da [[Pakhan Kyaw]], sanannen mutum ne na Burmese ''nat'' (ruhi). Akwai nau'ikan tarihin rayuwarsa daban-daban. Ɗaya daga cikinsu shine, kasancewarsa ƙwararren mai doki kuma ɗan wani amintaccen mai kula da sarki; an ba shi lambar yabo ta sarauta kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta garin Pakhan da ke tsakiyar Burma. Duk da haka, da zarar ya hau mulki, ya shagala da shan giya, caca (musamman faɗan zakara ), da kuma yin mata. Daga ƙarshe ya sami ƙarfin halin sauke sarki da sauran mutane, ciki har da ƙanne biyu matasa, 'ya'yan wani babban mutum. Waɗannan 'yan'uwa biyu sun shahara ''a matsayin'' 'yan ƙasa kuma suka ci gaba da yin ayyukan mugunta na dogon lokaci. Duk da haka, a farkon aikinsu, 'yan'uwan biyu sun yi amfani da sabbin ikonsu don biyan Count ɗin da kuɗinsa, wanda ya haifar da kisan gillar Count da dawowarsa a matsayin Nat U Min Gyaw. Idan ya ɗauki siffar ɗan adam, U Mingyaw yana shan ruwan toddy, ruwan 'ya'yan itacen palmyra (wanda aka fi sani da " toddy dabino "). Abincin da ya fi so, wanda aka haɗa da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, shine kaza ko kaza da aka soya. Saboda haka, mafi kyawun maganin tsarkakewa ana tsammanin shine tukunyar toddy da kaza da aka soya. Masu shigar da ƙara sun yi imanin cewa U Min Gyaw zai cika duk wata buƙata da aka yi masa a lokacin da yake cikin hayyacinsa, kodayake yawanci yana tsammanin kwamiti. A wani wasan kwaikwayo na yau da kullun, Medium ya jawo hankalin U Min Gyaw ta hanyar ba shi kwalban giya a hannu ɗaya da kuma kaza da aka soya a ɗayan hannun. Mai rawa yana kwaikwayon salon maye na Ruhu. == U Shwe Yoe da Daw Moe suna rawa == [[File:Shwe&moe.JPG|thumb|U Shwe Yoe da Daw Moe suna rawa a Los Angeles, 2007]] Maimakon wannan rawa ta gargajiya, wannan rawa misali ce ta fasahar gargajiya ta Burma ta zamani. Rawar ta bayyana ne daga al'adar nishadantar da jama'a, musamman masu sa kai da ke shiga Ranar Tuta ko kuma ayyukan agaji na al'umma. Manufarta ita ce a zaburar da mutane su bayar da gudummawa da kuma yin ayyukan alheri don inganta rayuwa ta gaba. Sunayen U Shwe Yoe da Daw Moe ƙagaggun labarai ne (ba na cikin kowane rubutu na gargajiya ba) kuma an zaɓe su ne saboda tasirinsu na waƙa. Babu wata waƙa da aka kafa don rawa. Madadin haka ƙungiyar makaɗa tana yin kowace waƙa mai rai, ko kuma ana amfani da waƙoƙin da aka yi rikodi a wasu lokutan. 'Yan ƙasa masu sha'awa waɗanda ba su da horo na rawa na yau da kullun galibi suna yin rawar. Matsayin su ne Old Bachelor ( U Shwe Yoe ) da Spinster (Daw Moe), na biyun wanda ko dai ɗan rawa namiji ko mace ke taka rawa. An tsara wasan kwaikwayo ne kawai kuma an tsara shi don bai wa masu sauraro mafi kyawun magani. Kayan suturar suna da ban mamaki kuma suna da ban sha'awa, tare da abubuwan da ba makawa na gashin baki na U Shwe Yoe (wanda aka yi wa ado da kansa) da kuma laima mai jujjuyawa ta Pathein . Cikin barkwanci, ya nuna ƙaunarsa kuma ya yi wa Daw Moe wasa, yayin da ita kuma ta mayar da martani cikin hikima da fasaha. Masu sauraro, galibi yara da tsofaffi, sun yi tafawa da ƙarfi suna ƙarfafa Shwe Yoe dagewarsa. == Rawar ƙungiyar ''Yein'' == '''''Yein''''' wani nau'i ne na rawa ta rukuni wanda ke nuna 'yan rawa da yawa suna rawa tare kuma suna motsa kawunansu, kugunsu, ƙafafunsu, da hannayensu zuwa ga bugun kiɗa, wanda ƙungiyar makaɗa ta gargajiya ta Burma da ake kira hsaing waing ko [[Ganga|ganguna ke yi]] . Ƙungiyoyin mawaka galibi suna yin ta a lokacin Thingyan . == Zat pwe duet dance == Ana kiran wasannin kwaikwayo na dare-dare, waɗanda suka haɗa da wasan kwaikwayo na melodrama, slapstick, rawa na gargajiya, har ma da wakokin pop "zat pwe" a Burma. Waɗannan wasannin yanayi ana shirya su ne a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na bamboo na wucin gadi kuma galibi wani ɓangare ne na ayyukan tara kuɗi na shekara-shekara a bukukuwan pagoda . Masu wasan kwaikwayo ƙungiyoyi ne na tafiya, yawanci ƙwararrun 'yan rawa maza da mata, mawaƙa, masu barkwanci, da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin suna yawo ko'ina cikin ƙasar. Rawar Duet, wani ɓangare na yau da kullun na Zat Pwe, yawanci yana farawa kusan ƙarfe 2 ko 3 na safe, kuma yana ɗaukar kimanin awanni biyu. Gabaɗaya manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo suna rawa tare da manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. Mazan suna rawa a wani wuri, galibi suna da abubuwa masu ƙarfi da ƙirƙira. Maza da mata suna rawa a cikin waƙoƙin duet kuma suna musayar alƙawarin masoya. Sau da yawa akwai wani fanni na gasa don ganin wanda a cikin ƙungiyar zai iya samun tagomashin mafi ƙarfi. A duk wannan, ƙungiyar makaɗa dole ne ta daidaita da abin da ke faruwa a kan dandamali. Idan aka yi shi da ƙwarewa, wannan rawa na iya haifar da suna a ƙasa ga ƙungiyar. == Rawar Zawgyi == Zawgyi mutum ne mai hazaka a fannin ilmin alchemy na ƙasar Burma. Ana cewa ya sami ƙwarewarsa ta hanyar sihiri . Yana zaune a cikin dazuzzuka masu kauri kusa da [[Himalaya]] inda yake kiwon ganyaye don dalilai na sihiri. Bayan ya yi shekaru da yawa yana neman dutse na Falsafa kuma ta haka ya sami matsayin Zawgyi. Wani lokaci, da taɓa sandar sihirinsa yana haifar da "mace-mace marasa ma'ana" daga bishiyoyi masu ɗauke da 'ya'yan itace masu siffar mace don cika burinsa na jiki. Rawar ta nuna Zawgyi yana yawo a daji, yana yawo da sandarsa, yana niƙa [[ganye]] da kuma caca cikin farin ciki bayan ya sami Dutse. == Hotunan Hotuna == <gallery widths="180"> Fayil:Burma_Dance.JPG|alt=Young students perform traditional Burmese Dance during opening ceremony of Thingyan Water Festival at Mandalay City Hall in Mandalay, Myanmar on 12 April 2012.| Ɗalibai matasa suna rawa a lokacin bikin buɗe bikin ruwa na Thingyan a Mandalay City Hall da ke Mandalay, Myanmar a ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 2012. Fayil:Yangon_Thingyan_2011.jpeg|alt=Burmese girls perform traditional dance during closing ceremony of Myanmar New Year Water Festival 2011 in Yangon, Myanmar on 16 April 2011.| 'Yan matan Burma suna rawa ta gargajiya a lokacin bikin rufe bikin ruwa na Sabuwar Shekara ta Myanmar na 2011 a Yangon, Myanmar a ranar 16 ga Afrilu, 2011. Fayil:Mandalay_Thingyan_Rehearsal_2012.JPG|alt=Young students wear Burmese dress and perform traditional dance during rehearsal for the opening ceremony of Mandalay City Hall Thingyan Water Festival 2012 in Mandalay, Myanmar on 10 April 2012.| Matasan ɗalibai suna sanye da kayan Burma kuma suna yin rawa ta gargajiya yayin gwaji don bikin buɗe bikin ruwa na Mandalay City Hall na Thingyan Water Festival na 2012 a Mandalay, Myanmar a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2012. Fayil:Bodleian_Ms._Burm._a._5_fol070-3.jpg|alt=Dancer on a cart with musicians: 19th century watercolour| Mai rawa a kan keken hawa tare da mawaƙa: ruwan ruwa na ƙarni na 19 </gallery> == Duba kuma == * Al'adun Myanmar == Manazarta i == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9bfyt5yex0mi0c3qgjdjurer7q609zn 0 142086 892780 836974 2026-08-08T07:57:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Olatorera Oniru''' (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga Maris 1987) 'Yar kasuwa ce kuma babbar jami'ar kasuwanci ta Najeriya wacce aka san ta da aikinta a fannin dillalan kayayyaki ta yanar gizo da harkokin kasuwanci na dijital a Afirka. Ita ce wadda ta kafa kuma babbar jami'ar gudanarwa ta Dressmeoutlet.com, wani dandali na kasuwanci ta intanet wanda aka ƙirƙira don tallata kayan kwalliya, kwalliya, da salon rayuwa na Afirka ga abokan ciniki a ciki da wajen Afirka. Aikinta ya mayar da hankali kan taimaka wa masu zane-zane na gida da ƙananan kasuwanci su isa ga kasuwanni masu faɗi ta intanet. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Olatorera Oniru |url=https://golden.com/wiki/Olatorera_Oniru-BVMJVM |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=Golden |language=en |archive-date=2025-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250413164630/https://golden.com/wiki/Olatorera_Oniru-BVMJVM |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oniru |first=Olatorera |title=Olatorera Oniru - Professional Speaker |url=https://speakerhub.com/speaker/olatorera-oniru |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=SpeakerHub |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Olatorera Oniru {{!}} Speaking Fee {{!}} Booking Agent |url=https://www.allamericanspeakers.com/speakers/399829/Olatorera-Oniru |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=www.allamericanspeakers.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lesak |first=Denis |date=2016-06-08 |title=How This Nigerian Woman Is Building The Fashion Amazon Of Africa |url=https://medium.com/@denislesak/how-this-nigerian-woman-is-building-the-fashion-amazon-of-africa-f21c97eb42cc |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=CEOAfrica :: Meet Your African CEO :: Africa Online News Portal |url=https://www.ceoafrica.com/newsdetails.php?tabnews=45021 |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=www.ceoafrica.com}}</ref> An haifi Oniru a [[Ibadan]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]], [[Najeriya]], kuma ta shafe wasu sassan rayuwarta a Najeriya da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] . Ta karanci harkokin gudanar da kasuwanci da kasuwanci a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina A&amp;amp;T, sannan daga baya ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci (MBA) daga Jami'ar Emory . Kafin ta fara kamfaninta, ta yi aiki a fannin kamfanoni, inda ta sami gogewa a fannin kuɗi, haɓaka kasuwanci, da kasuwannin duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Olatorera Oniru – DAWN Commission |url=https://dawncommission.org/olatorera-oniru/ |access-date=2026-03-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekarar 2015, ta ƙaddamar da Dressmeoutlet.com da nufin tallafawa samfuran Afirka da faɗaɗa damarmakin kasuwanci na dijital a nahiyar. Ayyukanta na kasuwanci sun kawo mata karɓuwa a fannin kasuwanci da jagoranci, musamman a tattaunawa game da mata a fannin kasuwanci da kirkire-kirkire. Tana kuma shiga cikin shirye-shiryen jagoranci da jawabai na jama'a waɗanda ke ƙarfafa ci gaban matasa da ci gaban kasuwanci a Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okunlola |first=Bolu |date=2019-08-26 |title=Olatorera Oniru is Encouraging Local Manufacturing of High-quality Fashion Products in Nigeria |url=https://foundersafrica.com/olatorera-oniru-is-encouraging-local-manufacturing-of-high-quality-fashion-products-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=Founders Africa |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330205209/https://foundersafrica.com/olatorera-oniru-is-encouraging-local-manufacturing-of-high-quality-fashion-products-in-nigeria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Amos |first=Kobor |date=2016-04-02 |title=Olatorera Oniru: passion driven by values |url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/olatorera-oniru/ |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2018-01-24 |title=“I haven’t been happier since returning” - HomecomingEx |url=https://homecomingex.com/2018/01/24/havent-happier-since-returning/,%20https://homecomingex.com/2018/01/24/havent-happier-since-returning/ |access-date=2026-03-02 |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hawken |first=Melanie |date=2015-10-05 |title=Olatorera Oniru - The startup story of a Nigerian entrepreneur on a mission to grow her company to become one of the leading fashion retailers in Africa |url=https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2015/10/5/the-startup-story-of-olatorera-oniru |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=Lionesses of Africa |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=The |date=2018-12-11 |title=Young entrepreneurs benefit from empowerment programme |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/young-entrepreneurs-benefit-empowerment-programme/ |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nsehe |first=Mfonobong |date=April 4, 2016 |title=Meet The Nigerian Woman Who Is Building The Fashion Amazon Of Africa |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2016/04/04/meet-the-nigerian-lady-who-is-building-the-fashion-amazon-of-africa/ |website=Fobes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-06 |title=AFRICA'S BIGGEST FASHION ICON OLATORERA ONIRU ADDS ANOTHER YEAR. • Exquisite Magazine - Africa's #1 Visibility Platform For Wellness Lifestyle, Enterpreneurship & Empowerment |url=https://exquisitemag.com/africas-biggest-fashion-icon-olatorera-oniru-adds-another-year/ |access-date=2026-03-02 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Mata a Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] l8y2vy0txckpk3ha71tmbhwugfjvv1f 0 143680 892773 828990 2026-08-08T07:05:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nyeleti Brooke Mondlane''' (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Janairu, 1962 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nyeleti Brooke Mondlane |url=https://clubofmozambique.com/who-is-who-post/nyeleti-brooke-mondlane-162749/ }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ) 'yar siyasa ce a [[Mozambik|ƙasar Mozambique]]. Ita 'yar shugaban [[FRELIMO]] [[Eduardo Mondlane]] ce kuma 'yar fafutuka kuma 'yar siyasa [[Janet Mondlane]] 'yar Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Conselho de Ministros / Governo / Início - Portal do Governo de Moçambique |url=https://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/por/Governo/Conselho-de-Ministros |access-date=2026-03-07 |archive-date=2025-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116042520/https://portaldogoverno.gov.mz/por/Governo/Conselho-de-Ministros |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mondlane ta kasance memba a Majalisar Dokokin Jamhuriyar daga shekarun 1994 zuwa 2014, kuma mataimakiyar ministar harkokin waje. Ta zama Ministar Jinsi, Yara da Jin Daɗin Jama'a a shekarar 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Conselho de Ministros / Governo / Início - Portal do Governo de Moçambique |url=https://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/por/Governo/Conselho-de-Ministros |access-date=2026-03-07 |archive-date=2025-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116042520/https://portaldogoverno.gov.mz/por/Governo/Conselho-de-Ministros |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 3biavb5u19uunppo309gferq6bix9az 0 144038 892701 888782 2026-08-07T22:41:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>Constance Bih Kimal (an haife ta a ranar 31 ga Mayu 1986, wanda aka fi sani da sunanta na Missy BK) mawaƙiya ce ta Kamaru / Kanada, mai magana, mai ba da shawara kan aiki & kasuwanci. An fi saninta da aikin jin kai da kuma waƙarta ta farko mai suna My baby [1] wanda ya lashe manyan kyaututtuka 5 na kasa da kasa a Amurka, Kanada da Burtaniya. Missy BK an lasafta ta a cikin mafi kyawun muryoyin Afro pop daga Kamaru. Har ma ta sauka da gabatarwa a babbar lambar yabo ta Afirka Afrima a [[Najeriya]] don [[Best female Artist in Central Africa|Mafi kyawun mata mai zane a Afirka ta Tsakiya]] a shekarar 2016. Missy kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta fara zane daga Kamaru da ta sanya hannu kan ''[[Golden book of Montreal|Littafin zinariya na Montreal]]'', Kanada a cikin 2017. An kuma buga aikinta na jin kai da fasaha a gidan girmamawa a [[Montréal|Montreal Quebec Kanada]] a cikin 2017. A cikin 2017, Missy ta sanya jerin manyan mata baƙi 100 da za a kalli a Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dorly - Top 100 Black Canadian Women To Watch - CIBWE 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHrnw-HFu9I |access-date=12 March 2018 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> A cikin 2016, Missy ta fitar da kundi na farko mai suna Confessions . A cikin 2017, ta sami takardar shaidar amincewa daga Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka a [[New Jersey]] don nuna godiya ga canje-canje masu kyau da aka yi da tasirin da ta kirkira a cikin al'ummarta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Confessions album by Missy BK is here &#124; Music 2016-07-17 |url=https://www.camerounweb.com/.../Confessions-album-by-Missy-BK-is-here-381229 |access-date=12 March 2018}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == Missy ta girma ne a Bamenda, Kamaru a cikin iyali mai matsakaicin matsayi. Ta yi karatu a [[Jami'ar Yaoundé]] . A lokacin karatun sakandare da jami'a, Missy ta fara jefawa a yawancin ayyukan kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo na Kamara. Ta yi rikodin jingles don rediyo kamar Abakwa Fm, CRTV Radio da Afrique Nouvelle . Missy ta bude kide-kide ga ƙungiyoyin kiɗa da masu fasaha da yawa kamar [[Davido]], Bracket, Meiway, Nkotti Francoise da sauransu. Waƙarta Mama I Love You daga kundin Women for Women kuma ta ƙunshi wasu 'yan wasan mata kamar Flora, Lady B, Danielle Eog, Meduza, Rosen da Mafe . KVN Productions ne suka samar da kundin kuma aka saki shi a ranar 8 ga Maris 2013 a [[Ranar mata ta duniya|Ranar Mata ta Duniya]].<ref name="Kvn">{{Cite web |title=Mama I Love You by Constance BK (Prod by Swurvz) |url=http://veebyartist.bandcamp.com/track/mama-i-love-you-by-constance-bk-prod-by-swurvz |access-date=15 March 2015 |publisher=Veeby Artist}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=William T. |date=4 March 2013 |title=Exceptional women to celebrate women |url=http://atelier.rfi.fr/profiles/blogs/des-femmes-exceptionnelles-pour-c-l-brer-la-femme?xg_source=activity |access-date=15 March 2015 |publisher=Atelier Des Medias}}</ref> == Yaronta == Yarinya mai shekaru 80 da aka haifa a garin Bamenda, Kamaru, Missy ta sanar da iyayenta tana da shekaru 6 cewa za ta zama mawaƙa lokacin da ta girma. Rediyo na kiɗa na 90s sun ɗauki nauyin rnb, kiɗa na pop da rai kuma Missy ta jawo hankalin wannan sauti. Kodayake an sanya tushenta a cikin manyan waƙoƙin Bishara, Ta samo wahayi daga mawaƙa kamar su [[Whitney Houston]], Zahra, Tony Braxton, Annie Anzouer, Charlotte Depanda da kuma tasirin waƙoƙi daban-daban. == Ayyuka == Missy ta fara aikinta tana da shekaru 16 a matsayin mai rediyo. Ta shirya gajerun shirye-shiryen rediyo kamar su Bed Time Stories don Abakwa FM da Afrique Nouvelle FM . A lokacin da take da shekaru 17, Missy ta fara yin rikodin jingles don [[CRTV Bamenda]], Abakwa FM da Afrique Nouvelle FM . A wannan shekarar Missy ta shiga ƙungiyar yarinya mai suna The Cherubic Queens a matsayin jagorar mawaƙa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OUR STORY |url=http://www.missybkmusic.com/bio |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310042446/http://www.missybkmusic.com/bio |archive-date=10 March 2016 |access-date=15 March 2015 |publisher=Missy BK}}</ref> Missy ta fitar da wakar ta farko Set Me Free a matsayin mai ''Ɗana''-zane a shekarar 2012 da My Baby tare da Annie Anzouer a shekarar 2014. Don sautin sa na Set Me Free Missy ta lashe kyautar Best Female Artist a HNSS Excellence award a Kanada, Montreal . Missy ta bayyana a kan murfin mujallu irin su Le Montréal Africaine, 100% jeune, La Tribune St Laurent kuma an yi hira da ita a shirin kiɗa na Afirka na BBC C"est le Moment . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Takang Bate, Larry |date=5 February 2014 |title=Canada: Award Winning Female African Singer Releases New Music Single |url=http://www.african-celebrities.com/canada-african-female-award-winning-singer-releases-new-music-single/ |access-date=15 March 2015 |publisher=African Celebrities |archive-date=9 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309053539/http://www.african-celebrities.com/canada-african-female-award-winning-singer-releases-new-music-single/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2012 |title=Constance BK: A pop artist, unlished worldwide; Cameroon born Canadian |url=https://empowersuccessainafrica.wordpress.com/2012/12/07/constance-bk-a-pop-artist-unlished-worldwide-cameroon-born-canadian/ |access-date=15 March 2015 |publisher=Empower Success in Africa}}</ref> == Taimako == A cikin 2014, Missy ta kafa Gidauniyar Missy BK don taimakawa yara matasa na Kamaru. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanjo, Ernest |date=20 December 2014 |title=Missy BK goes philanthropic, creates foundation |url=http://www.tiptopstars.com/mtdv/entertainment/903-movies/921-missy-bk-goes-philanthropic-creates-foundation.html |access-date=15 March 2015 |publisher=Tip Top Stars |archive-date=16 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116064315/http://www.tiptopstars.com/mtdv/entertainment/903-movies/921-missy-bk-goes-philanthropic-creates-foundation.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gidauniyar tana haɗin gwiwa tare da al'ummomin yankin, marayu da malamai a Kamaru don gano yara masu fama da matsalar kudi waɗanda ke da sha'awar koyo da taimaka musu. Wannan tushe yana ba da tallafin ilimi ga waɗannan yara ta hanyar tallafin karatu, kudaden karatun, abinci da kayan ilmantarwa. Mahaifiyar Missy BK muhimmiyar wahayi ce ga aikinta na jin kai. A cewar Missy, "Mahaifiyata ta koya mini, ba lallai bane in jira har sai ina da miliyoyin mutane su fara taimaka wa mutane, ta gaya mini ba yadda nake bayarwa ba amma ƙaunar da na sanya cikin abin da na ba da waɗannan abubuwa kuma wani abu da aka ba wani zai iya yin babban canji a rayuwarsu" <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2014 |title=Giving back: The Missy BK Foundation launches in Cameroon with the gift of education to five orphans |url=http://irepcamer.blogspot.in/2014/12/i-this-is-best-gift-you-can-gift-giving.html |access-date=15 March 2015 |publisher=I Rep Camer}}</ref> Gidauniyar tana hidimtawa yara na Kamaru ta hanyar tallafawa ilimi, kayan aiki ga makarantu da shirin Make-A-Wish.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Missy BK Foundation |url=http://missybkfoundation.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225232421/http://missybkfoundation.org/ |archive-date=25 December 2014 |access-date=15 March 2015 |publisher=Missy BK Foundation}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="4" |2013 |Kyautar Kyautar HNSS Kanada |Mafi kyawun Mata na Shekara| {{Won}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://toukimontreal.com/actualites/2013/10/10/plusieurs-prix-remis-au-gala-interculturel-dexcellence-horizons-nord-sud/ | title=Plusieurs prix remis au Gala Interculturel d'Excellence Horizons Nord-Sud | publisher=Touki Montreal | date=10 October 2013 | accessdate=15 March 2015}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |Kyautar Kwalejin Kamaru |Mafi Kyawun Ayyukan Mata| {{Nom}}<ref name="CameroonAward">{{cite web | url=http://www.horizonsinterculturels.org/gala-d-excellence/laur%C3%A9ats/ | title=Intercultural Excellence Award 2013 winners | publisher=Horizon Interculturales | accessdate=15 March 2015 | archive-date=7 January 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107201250/http://www.horizonsinterculturels.org/gala-d-excellence/laur%C3%A9ats | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Bidiyo mafi kyau| {{Nom}}<ref name="CameroonAward" /> |- |Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Afirka Kanada |Mafi kyawun Mata na Shekara| {{Nom}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://missgo2girl.com/official-nominees-list-for-the-2013-african-entertainment-awards-aea/ | title=OFFICIAL NOMINEES LIST FOR THE 2013 AFRICAN ENTERTAINMENT AWARDS #AEA | publisher=missgo2girl | date=1 August 2013 | accessdate=15 March 2015 | archive-date=18 December 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218095643/http://missgo2girl.com/official-nominees-list-for-the-2013-african-entertainment-awards-aea/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | rowspan="7" |2015 | rowspan="3" |Kyautar Zamani na gaba ta Amurka |Mafi kyawun Mata Mai Fasaha| {{Nom}} |- |Bidiyo Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Ayyukan jin kai| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Kyautar Mata ta Kamaru ta Burtaniya |Mafi Kyawun Ayyukan Mata| {{Nom}} |- |Dokar Taimako| {{Won}} |- |Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Afirka Kanada |Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Afirka| {{Won}} |- |Nomination na Afrima |Mafi kyawun mace mai zane |[http://mixerpot.com/home-spot/2015/9/11/afrima-2015-all-africa-music-awards-nominees An zabi shi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127021805/http://mixerpot.com/home-spot/2015/9/11/afrima-2015-all-africa-music-awards-nominees |date=2025-01-27 }} |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |Alamar littafin zinariya na Montreal |[https://www.theafronews.com/art-music/missy-bk-signs-the-golden-book-of-montreal/ Littafin Zinariya na Montreal] |An sanya hannu |- |Zaɓaɓɓen mace baƙar fata 100 don kallo |Manyan mata 100 da za a kalli |[http://kinnakasblog.com/2017/06/cameroons-missy-bk-selected-as-one-of-canadas-top-100-black-women-to-watch/ Zaɓaɓɓu] |} == Bayanan da aka yi == === Ma'aurata === * ''Ka 'Yantar da Ni'', 2012 * ''Mama Ina son ka'', 2013 * Ɗan ta, 2014 * ''Ɗan ta (remix) '' aikin Annie Anzouer, 2014 * ''Ndolo'' feat iSH, 2015 === Albums === * ''Furci''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Missy Bk |url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/78bf6AbqY5orgbbgjCPzrx |access-date=2018-12-23 |website=open.spotify.com |language=en}}</ref> * ''Mata ga Mata (mata masu ban sha'awa) '', 2013 == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p9txh3dfclbpyg8kviyzsjm9xef78sx 0 144502 892937 884352 2026-08-08T10:50:04Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fidela Oller Angelats''' (born '''Maria Dolors Oller Angelats'''; 17 September 1869 – 30 August 1936) was a Spanish religious sister of the ''Hermanas de Sant Josep o Vetlladores'' (Sisters of Saint Joseph of Girona).<ref name="SQPN">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=Blessed Maria Dolores Oller Angelats |url=https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-dolores-oller-angelats/ |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=Saints SQPN}}</ref><ref name="SEB">{{Cite web |date= |title=Blessed Fidelia (Dolores) Oller Angelats |url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/96772 |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=Santi e Beati}}</ref> She suffered martyrdom in the Spanish Civil War when she was gunned together along a road at Xeresa.<ref name="SEB" /> On 5 September 2015, she was beatied in the Girona Cathedral.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pregunta Santoral |date=5 September 2015 |title=Beatas Facunda Margenat, Fidella Oller y Josefa Monrabal, religiosas mártires |url=http://www.preguntasantoral.es/2015/09/beatas-hermanas-veladoras/ |access-date=5 September 2015 |archive-date=31 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031215023/http://www.preguntasantoral.es/2015/09/beatas-hermanas-veladoras/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="SQPN" /><ref name="SEB" /> == Rayuwa == An haifi Maria Dolors Oller Angelats a ranar 17 ga Satumban shekarar 1869 a Bañolas a matsayin babbar 'ya'ya huɗu da aka haifa wa [[Tukwane|mai tukwane]] Lorenzo Oller Verdaguer (1842–88) da Margarita Angelats Frigola. An yi bikin baftismarta ƴan kaɗan bayan haka a cocin cocin Santa María del Turers inda aka yi mata baftisma da sunaye ''Dolors Margarita Teresa'' . Bishop na Girona Constantino Bonet ya ba ta Confirmation watanni biyu bayan haka a watan Nuwamba. <ref name="SEB"/> 'Yan'uwanta uku (a jere) su ne Lorenzo (an haife shi a 1873), Teresa (sunan namiji; an haife shi a 1875) da Salvador (an haife shi a 1880). Daga baya ɗan'uwanta Salvador ya zama Marist a matsayin Ɗan'uwa Doroteo. <ref name="SEB" /> <ref name="MR">{{Cite web |last=Melanie Rigney |date=9 November 2016 |title=Wednesday's Woman: Blessed Maria Dolores Oller Angelats |url=http://melanierigney.com/blog/catholicism/5224/ |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref> Kakanta na uba (kuma mai tukwane) shi ne Lorenzo Oller Bartra. Tun tana da shekaru goma sha bakwai, ta yi burin shiga rayuwar addini fiye da yadda take a lokacin yarintarta, kuma ta yanke shawarar cewa za ta zama mai da'awar addini da kanta. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga lokacin da ta fara haɗuwa da 'Yan'uwa Mata Masu Addini na Saint Joseph na Girona waɗanda suka zo garinsu a ranar 14 ga Yulin shekarar 1880 don taimakawa a asibiti na gida; ta fuskanci su a wannan lokacin kuma aikinsu ya ja hankalinta. Oller ta yi ƙoƙarinta na farko don shiga wannan umarni ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan ƙudurin amma an tilasta mata ta tafi gida bayan mutuwar mahaifinta kwatsam a 1888 (ya mutu yana kula da wani dangi mara lafiya). <ref name="MR"/> Wannan komawa gida ya sa ta kula da mahaifiyarta gwauruwa da 'yan'uwanta (Lorenzo mai shekaru goma sha biyar, Teresa mai shekaru goma sha uku, da Salvador mai shekaru takwas) ban da kakan mahaifinta wanda ya ƙaura tare da su. Amma ba da daɗewa ba ta yanke shawarar cewa aikinta yana ƙaruwa don haka ta koma ga umarninta don ci gaba da aikinta a ƙarƙashin sabuwar uwargida Sister María Vinardell. Oller ta dawo kan umarnin a ranar 12 ga Mayu 1892 don sake fara sabuwar makarantarta kuma ta ɗauki sunan addini "Fidela" sakamakon haka. <ref name="SEB"/> Oller ta fara aikinta na farko a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1894 tare da wasu mutane biyu (Inés Pagés Grivé (an haife ta a shekara ta 1875) da Teresa Canal Vila (an haife ta a shekara ta 1871)) sannan ta fara aikinta na addini a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1902. <ref name="SQPN"/> Oller ta ba da ayyukanta a asibitoci domin kula da marasa lafiya kuma an san ta da kasancewa mai ta'aziyya ga waɗanda ke rashin lafiya. A shekarar 1911 aka naɗa ta shugabar gidan sufi a Malgrat de Mar har zuwa watan Agusta na 1917 lokacin da aka mayar da ita Camprodón. Daga baya Oller ta koma Gandía a shekarar 1927 inda ta kafa sabon gidan sufi saboda umarninta kuma inda ta zama babbar gidan sufi. A nan ne ta shahara a tsakanin abokan aikinta saboda ja-gorarta da kuma kasancewarta mai goyon baya. <ref name="SQPN"/> Barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a shekarar 1936 ya sa aka ƙone cocin kwaleji na gida da ke Gandía wata guda bayan fara rikicin a ranar 2 ga Agusta. Daga baya aka gaya wa Oller ta miƙa dukkan kuɗaɗe da bayanan ga 'yan bindiga duk da cewa ta aika su ba da daɗewa ba kafin wannan zuwa gidan uwar rundunar da ke wani yanki. <ref name="MR"/> Daga baya, 'yar cocin ta gudu ta ɓuya (ta sha wahala da rashin barci da sanin cewa wani abu zai iya faruwa da ita a wani lokaci) kuma tana ƙaura daga wuri zuwa wuri sai ta haɗu da wata abokiyar aikinta: Sister Josefa Monrabal Montaner. Ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar ƙaura zuwa wani gida bayan an ba su shi kuma suka zauna a keɓe ba tare da sun bar gidan ba don guje wa gano shi. Amma duk wannan ya canza a daren ranar 29 ga Agusta lokacin da aka gano su aka kama su. A lokacin wannan kama ne aka karye hannunta a lokacin hayaniyar. <ref name="MR" /> Shugaban gidan José María Aparisi ya buɗe ƙofa ga 'yan bindiga da ke neman a kama su. Ya fara jin tsoron cewa shi ma za a kama shi don haka ya bayyana inda suke. Mutanen sun so Oller ba Monrabal ba, duk da cewa na biyun ya nemi kada a raba ta da Oller. An harbi Oller da Monrabal sau da yawa kuma an bar su suna zubar da jini har suka mutu sakamakon raunukan da suka samu a cikin dare ɗaya. Oller da kanta ta mutu sakamakon raunukan da ta samu a ranar 30 ga Agusta a kan hanyar da ta haɗa Gandía da Xeresa . [1] An harbi Oller a kafada da kuma a haikali na dama yayin da Monrabal ta mutu sakamakon mummunan zubar jini bayan an harbe ta a gefen hagu na wuyanta. Mutanen da ke zaune a wannan yanki sun ji karar harbin kuma daga baya da safe suka gano gawarwakin; mutanen sun binne su a Xeresa da rana amma an tono gawarwakin a shekarar 1939 aka mayar da su Gandía. [2] Daga baya an tono gawarta kuma yanzu haka ana ajiye su a Gandía. == Ƙarfafawa == Tsarin cika alƙawuran cocin ya ci gaba daga 24 ga Nuwamba 2001 har zuwa 11 ga Janairu 2003, Ikilisiyar Dalilan Waliyyai ta ayyana cewa wannan tsari yana aiki a cikin wata doka da aka bayar a ranar 28 ga Maris 2003. Bayanin ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka ya tattara takardar Positio wadda za ta ba da labarin rayuwarsu da kuma tabbatar da kisan da aka yi musu ''a cikin odium fidei'' ("cikin ƙiyayya ga addini"). An gabatar da Positio a shekarar 2004 amma babu wani mataki da aka ɗauka sai bayan kusan shekaru goma a ranar 10 ga Disamba 2013 tare da masana tauhidi da suka tabbatar da dalilin. [[Francis (fafaroma)|Paparoma Francis]] ya tabbatar da an yi mata bushara a ranar 23 ga Janairu 2015; Cardinal Angelo Amato ya jagoranci bikin a Cathedral na Girona a ranar 5 ga Satumba 2015; Bishop na Girona Francisco Pardo Artigas da Archbishop na Cardinal na Valencia Antonio Cañizares Llovera sun halarci bushara. <ref name="CC">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=3 Spanish martyrs beatified |url=https://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=26042 |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=[[Catholic Culture]]}}</ref> An yi wa Oller bushara tare da abokiyar addininta Josefa Monrabal Montaner da Caterina Margenat Roura. Cardinal Amato - a lokacin bushara - ya lura cewa "har ma a yau, Kiristoci su ne tsirarun da aka fi tsananta wa a duniya". Paparoma Francis ya kuma yaba wa mutanen uku a cikin jawabinsa na Angelus a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2015 kuma ya lura cewa "su 'yan'uwa ne na Cibiyar Addini ta Saint Joseph na Girona, waɗanda aka kashe saboda amincinsu ga Almasihu da Cocin". Paparoma ya ƙara jaddada cewa 'yan mata mata suna "dogara ga Allah" waɗanda aka san su da "zubar da jininsu". <ref name="CC" /> Mai gabatar da wannan dalili shine Sister Teresa Fernández Mielgo. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1869]] i95qcdd9snzfl8yx2f40tp91aov6t5o 892938 892937 2026-08-08T10:50:13Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fidela Oller Angelats''' (born '''Maria Dolors Oller Angelats'''; 17 September 1869 – 30 August 1936) was a Spanish religious sister of the ''Hermanas de Sant Josep o Vetlladores'' (Sisters of Saint Joseph of Girona).<ref name="SQPN">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=Blessed Maria Dolores Oller Angelats |url=https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-dolores-oller-angelats/ |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=Saints SQPN}}</ref><ref name="SEB">{{Cite web |date= |title=Blessed Fidelia (Dolores) Oller Angelats |url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/96772 |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=Santi e Beati}}</ref> She suffered martyrdom in the Spanish Civil War when she was gunned together along a road at Xeresa.<ref name="SEB" /> On 5 September 2015, she was beatied in the Girona Cathedral.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pregunta Santoral |date=5 September 2015 |title=Beatas Facunda Margenat, Fidella Oller y Josefa Monrabal, religiosas mártires |url=http://www.preguntasantoral.es/2015/09/beatas-hermanas-veladoras/ |access-date=5 September 2015 |archive-date=31 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031215023/http://www.preguntasantoral.es/2015/09/beatas-hermanas-veladoras/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="SQPN" /><ref name="SEB" /> == Rayuwa == An haifi Maria Dolors Oller Angelats a ranar 17 ga Satumban shekarar 1869 a Bañolas a matsayin babbar 'ya'ya huɗu da aka haifa wa [[Tukwane|mai tukwane]] Lorenzo Oller Verdaguer (1842–88) da Margarita Angelats Frigola. An kuma yi bikin baftismarta ƴan kaɗan bayan haka a cocin cocin Santa María del Turers inda aka yi mata baftisma da sunaye ''Dolors Margarita Teresa'' . Bishop na Girona Constantino Bonet ya ba ta Confirmation watanni biyu bayan haka a watan Nuwamba. <ref name="SEB"/> 'Yan'uwanta uku (a jere) su ne Lorenzo (an haife shi a 1873), Teresa (sunan namiji; an haife shi a 1875) da Salvador (an haife shi a 1880). Daga baya ɗan'uwanta Salvador ya zama Marist a matsayin Ɗan'uwa Doroteo. <ref name="SEB" /> <ref name="MR">{{Cite web |last=Melanie Rigney |date=9 November 2016 |title=Wednesday's Woman: Blessed Maria Dolores Oller Angelats |url=http://melanierigney.com/blog/catholicism/5224/ |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref> Kakanta na uba (kuma mai tukwane) shi ne Lorenzo Oller Bartra. Tun tana da shekaru goma sha bakwai, ta yi burin shiga rayuwar addini fiye da yadda take a lokacin yarintarta, kuma ta yanke shawarar cewa za ta zama mai da'awar addini da kanta. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga lokacin da ta fara haɗuwa da 'Yan'uwa Mata Masu Addini na Saint Joseph na Girona waɗanda suka zo garinsu a ranar 14 ga Yulin shekarar 1880 don taimakawa a asibiti na gida; ta fuskanci su a wannan lokacin kuma aikinsu ya ja hankalinta. Oller ta yi ƙoƙarinta na farko don shiga wannan umarni ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan ƙudurin amma an tilasta mata ta tafi gida bayan mutuwar mahaifinta kwatsam a 1888 (ya mutu yana kula da wani dangi mara lafiya). <ref name="MR"/> Wannan komawa gida ya sa ta kula da mahaifiyarta gwauruwa da 'yan'uwanta (Lorenzo mai shekaru goma sha biyar, Teresa mai shekaru goma sha uku, da Salvador mai shekaru takwas) ban da kakan mahaifinta wanda ya ƙaura tare da su. Amma ba da daɗewa ba ta yanke shawarar cewa aikinta yana ƙaruwa don haka ta koma ga umarninta don ci gaba da aikinta a ƙarƙashin sabuwar uwargida Sister María Vinardell. Oller ta dawo kan umarnin a ranar 12 ga Mayu 1892 don sake fara sabuwar makarantarta kuma ta ɗauki sunan addini "Fidela" sakamakon haka. <ref name="SEB"/> Oller ta fara aikinta na farko a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1894 tare da wasu mutane biyu (Inés Pagés Grivé (an haife ta a shekara ta 1875) da Teresa Canal Vila (an haife ta a shekara ta 1871)) sannan ta fara aikinta na addini a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1902. <ref name="SQPN"/> Oller ta ba da ayyukanta a asibitoci domin kula da marasa lafiya kuma an san ta da kasancewa mai ta'aziyya ga waɗanda ke rashin lafiya. A shekarar 1911 aka naɗa ta shugabar gidan sufi a Malgrat de Mar har zuwa watan Agusta na 1917 lokacin da aka mayar da ita Camprodón. Daga baya Oller ta koma Gandía a shekarar 1927 inda ta kafa sabon gidan sufi saboda umarninta kuma inda ta zama babbar gidan sufi. A nan ne ta shahara a tsakanin abokan aikinta saboda ja-gorarta da kuma kasancewarta mai goyon baya. <ref name="SQPN"/> Barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a shekarar 1936 ya sa aka ƙone cocin kwaleji na gida da ke Gandía wata guda bayan fara rikicin a ranar 2 ga Agusta. Daga baya aka gaya wa Oller ta miƙa dukkan kuɗaɗe da bayanan ga 'yan bindiga duk da cewa ta aika su ba da daɗewa ba kafin wannan zuwa gidan uwar rundunar da ke wani yanki. <ref name="MR"/> Daga baya, 'yar cocin ta gudu ta ɓuya (ta sha wahala da rashin barci da sanin cewa wani abu zai iya faruwa da ita a wani lokaci) kuma tana ƙaura daga wuri zuwa wuri sai ta haɗu da wata abokiyar aikinta: Sister Josefa Monrabal Montaner. Ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar ƙaura zuwa wani gida bayan an ba su shi kuma suka zauna a keɓe ba tare da sun bar gidan ba don guje wa gano shi. Amma duk wannan ya canza a daren ranar 29 ga Agusta lokacin da aka gano su aka kama su. A lokacin wannan kama ne aka karye hannunta a lokacin hayaniyar. <ref name="MR" /> Shugaban gidan José María Aparisi ya buɗe ƙofa ga 'yan bindiga da ke neman a kama su. Ya fara jin tsoron cewa shi ma za a kama shi don haka ya bayyana inda suke. Mutanen sun so Oller ba Monrabal ba, duk da cewa na biyun ya nemi kada a raba ta da Oller. An harbi Oller da Monrabal sau da yawa kuma an bar su suna zubar da jini har suka mutu sakamakon raunukan da suka samu a cikin dare ɗaya. Oller da kanta ta mutu sakamakon raunukan da ta samu a ranar 30 ga Agusta a kan hanyar da ta haɗa Gandía da Xeresa . [1] An harbi Oller a kafada da kuma a haikali na dama yayin da Monrabal ta mutu sakamakon mummunan zubar jini bayan an harbe ta a gefen hagu na wuyanta. Mutanen da ke zaune a wannan yanki sun ji karar harbin kuma daga baya da safe suka gano gawarwakin; mutanen sun binne su a Xeresa da rana amma an tono gawarwakin a shekarar 1939 aka mayar da su Gandía. [2] Daga baya an tono gawarta kuma yanzu haka ana ajiye su a Gandía. == Ƙarfafawa == Tsarin cika alƙawuran cocin ya ci gaba daga 24 ga Nuwamba 2001 har zuwa 11 ga Janairu 2003, Ikilisiyar Dalilan Waliyyai ta ayyana cewa wannan tsari yana aiki a cikin wata doka da aka bayar a ranar 28 ga Maris 2003. Bayanin ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka ya tattara takardar Positio wadda za ta ba da labarin rayuwarsu da kuma tabbatar da kisan da aka yi musu ''a cikin odium fidei'' ("cikin ƙiyayya ga addini"). An gabatar da Positio a shekarar 2004 amma babu wani mataki da aka ɗauka sai bayan kusan shekaru goma a ranar 10 ga Disamba 2013 tare da masana tauhidi da suka tabbatar da dalilin. [[Francis (fafaroma)|Paparoma Francis]] ya tabbatar da an yi mata bushara a ranar 23 ga Janairu 2015; Cardinal Angelo Amato ya jagoranci bikin a Cathedral na Girona a ranar 5 ga Satumba 2015; Bishop na Girona Francisco Pardo Artigas da Archbishop na Cardinal na Valencia Antonio Cañizares Llovera sun halarci bushara. <ref name="CC">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=3 Spanish martyrs beatified |url=https://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=26042 |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=[[Catholic Culture]]}}</ref> An yi wa Oller bushara tare da abokiyar addininta Josefa Monrabal Montaner da Caterina Margenat Roura. Cardinal Amato - a lokacin bushara - ya lura cewa "har ma a yau, Kiristoci su ne tsirarun da aka fi tsananta wa a duniya". Paparoma Francis ya kuma yaba wa mutanen uku a cikin jawabinsa na Angelus a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2015 kuma ya lura cewa "su 'yan'uwa ne na Cibiyar Addini ta Saint Joseph na Girona, waɗanda aka kashe saboda amincinsu ga Almasihu da Cocin". Paparoma ya ƙara jaddada cewa 'yan mata mata suna "dogara ga Allah" waɗanda aka san su da "zubar da jininsu". <ref name="CC" /> Mai gabatar da wannan dalili shine Sister Teresa Fernández Mielgo. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1869]] parselkcz8xi1cadugm3yans73jkn7q 892939 892938 2026-08-08T10:50:30Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fidela Oller Angelats''' (born '''Maria Dolors Oller Angelats'''; 17 September 1869 – 30 August 1936) was a Spanish religious sister of the ''Hermanas de Sant Josep o Vetlladores'' (Sisters of Saint Joseph of Girona).<ref name="SQPN">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=Blessed Maria Dolores Oller Angelats |url=https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-dolores-oller-angelats/ |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=Saints SQPN}}</ref><ref name="SEB">{{Cite web |date= |title=Blessed Fidelia (Dolores) Oller Angelats |url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/96772 |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=Santi e Beati}}</ref> She suffered martyrdom in the Spanish Civil War when she was gunned together along a road at Xeresa.<ref name="SEB" /> On 5 September 2015, she was beatied in the Girona Cathedral.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pregunta Santoral |date=5 September 2015 |title=Beatas Facunda Margenat, Fidella Oller y Josefa Monrabal, religiosas mártires |url=http://www.preguntasantoral.es/2015/09/beatas-hermanas-veladoras/ |access-date=5 September 2015 |archive-date=31 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031215023/http://www.preguntasantoral.es/2015/09/beatas-hermanas-veladoras/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="SQPN" /><ref name="SEB" /> == Rayuwa == An haifi Maria Dolors Oller Angelats a ranar 17 ga Satumban shekarar 1869 a Bañolas a matsayin babbar 'ya'ya huɗu da aka haifa wa [[Tukwane|mai tukwane]] Lorenzo Oller Verdaguer (1842–88) da Margarita Angelats Frigola. An kuma yi bikin baftismarta ƴan kaɗan bayan haka a cocin cocin Santa María del Turers inda aka yi mata baftisma da sunaye ''Dolors Margarita Teresa'' . Bishop na Girona Constantino Bonet ya ba ta Confirmation watanni biyu bayan haka a watan Nuwamba. <ref name="SEB"/> 'Yan'uwanta uku (a jere) su ne Lorenzo (an haife shi a 1873), Teresa (sunan namiji; an haife shi a 1875) da Salvador (an haife shi a 1880). Daga baya ɗan'uwanta Salvador ya zama Marist a matsayin Ɗan'uwa Doroteo. <ref name="SEB" /> <ref name="MR">{{Cite web |last=Melanie Rigney |date=9 November 2016 |title=Wednesday's Woman: Blessed Maria Dolores Oller Angelats |url=http://melanierigney.com/blog/catholicism/5224/ |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref> Kakanta na uba (kuma mai tukwane) shi ne Lorenzo Oller Bartra. Tun tana da shekaru goma sha bakwai, ta yi burin shiga rayuwar addini fiye da yadda take a lokacin yarintarta, kuma ta yanke shawarar cewa za ta zama mai da'awar addini da kanta. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga lokacin da ta fara haɗuwa da Ƴan'uwa Mata Masu Addini na Saint Joseph na Girona waɗanda suka zo garinsu a ranar 14 ga Yulin shekarar 1880 don taimakawa a asibiti na gida; ta fuskanci su a wannan lokacin kuma aikinsu ya ja hankalinta. Oller ta yi ƙoƙarinta na farko don shiga wannan umarni ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan ƙudurin amma an tilasta mata ta tafi gida bayan mutuwar mahaifinta kwatsam a 1888 (ya mutu yana kula da wani dangi mara lafiya). <ref name="MR"/> Wannan komawa gida ya sa ta kula da mahaifiyarta gwauruwa da 'yan'uwanta (Lorenzo mai shekaru goma sha biyar, Teresa mai shekaru goma sha uku, da Salvador mai shekaru takwas) ban da kakan mahaifinta wanda ya ƙaura tare da su. Amma ba da daɗewa ba ta yanke shawarar cewa aikinta yana ƙaruwa don haka ta koma ga umarninta don ci gaba da aikinta a ƙarƙashin sabuwar uwargida Sister María Vinardell. Oller ta dawo kan umarnin a ranar 12 ga Mayu 1892 don sake fara sabuwar makarantarta kuma ta ɗauki sunan addini "Fidela" sakamakon haka. <ref name="SEB"/> Oller ta fara aikinta na farko a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1894 tare da wasu mutane biyu (Inés Pagés Grivé (an haife ta a shekara ta 1875) da Teresa Canal Vila (an haife ta a shekara ta 1871)) sannan ta fara aikinta na addini a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1902. <ref name="SQPN"/> Oller ta ba da ayyukanta a asibitoci domin kula da marasa lafiya kuma an san ta da kasancewa mai ta'aziyya ga waɗanda ke rashin lafiya. A shekarar 1911 aka naɗa ta shugabar gidan sufi a Malgrat de Mar har zuwa watan Agusta na 1917 lokacin da aka mayar da ita Camprodón. Daga baya Oller ta koma Gandía a shekarar 1927 inda ta kafa sabon gidan sufi saboda umarninta kuma inda ta zama babbar gidan sufi. A nan ne ta shahara a tsakanin abokan aikinta saboda ja-gorarta da kuma kasancewarta mai goyon baya. <ref name="SQPN"/> Barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a shekarar 1936 ya sa aka ƙone cocin kwaleji na gida da ke Gandía wata guda bayan fara rikicin a ranar 2 ga Agusta. Daga baya aka gaya wa Oller ta miƙa dukkan kuɗaɗe da bayanan ga 'yan bindiga duk da cewa ta aika su ba da daɗewa ba kafin wannan zuwa gidan uwar rundunar da ke wani yanki. <ref name="MR"/> Daga baya, 'yar cocin ta gudu ta ɓuya (ta sha wahala da rashin barci da sanin cewa wani abu zai iya faruwa da ita a wani lokaci) kuma tana ƙaura daga wuri zuwa wuri sai ta haɗu da wata abokiyar aikinta: Sister Josefa Monrabal Montaner. Ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar ƙaura zuwa wani gida bayan an ba su shi kuma suka zauna a keɓe ba tare da sun bar gidan ba don guje wa gano shi. Amma duk wannan ya canza a daren ranar 29 ga Agusta lokacin da aka gano su aka kama su. A lokacin wannan kama ne aka karye hannunta a lokacin hayaniyar. <ref name="MR" /> Shugaban gidan José María Aparisi ya buɗe ƙofa ga 'yan bindiga da ke neman a kama su. Ya fara jin tsoron cewa shi ma za a kama shi don haka ya bayyana inda suke. Mutanen sun so Oller ba Monrabal ba, duk da cewa na biyun ya nemi kada a raba ta da Oller. An harbi Oller da Monrabal sau da yawa kuma an bar su suna zubar da jini har suka mutu sakamakon raunukan da suka samu a cikin dare ɗaya. Oller da kanta ta mutu sakamakon raunukan da ta samu a ranar 30 ga Agusta a kan hanyar da ta haɗa Gandía da Xeresa . [1] An harbi Oller a kafada da kuma a haikali na dama yayin da Monrabal ta mutu sakamakon mummunan zubar jini bayan an harbe ta a gefen hagu na wuyanta. Mutanen da ke zaune a wannan yanki sun ji karar harbin kuma daga baya da safe suka gano gawarwakin; mutanen sun binne su a Xeresa da rana amma an tono gawarwakin a shekarar 1939 aka mayar da su Gandía. [2] Daga baya an tono gawarta kuma yanzu haka ana ajiye su a Gandía. == Ƙarfafawa == Tsarin cika alƙawuran cocin ya ci gaba daga 24 ga Nuwamba 2001 har zuwa 11 ga Janairu 2003, Ikilisiyar Dalilan Waliyyai ta ayyana cewa wannan tsari yana aiki a cikin wata doka da aka bayar a ranar 28 ga Maris 2003. Bayanin ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka ya tattara takardar Positio wadda za ta ba da labarin rayuwarsu da kuma tabbatar da kisan da aka yi musu ''a cikin odium fidei'' ("cikin ƙiyayya ga addini"). An gabatar da Positio a shekarar 2004 amma babu wani mataki da aka ɗauka sai bayan kusan shekaru goma a ranar 10 ga Disamba 2013 tare da masana tauhidi da suka tabbatar da dalilin. [[Francis (fafaroma)|Paparoma Francis]] ya tabbatar da an yi mata bushara a ranar 23 ga Janairu 2015; Cardinal Angelo Amato ya jagoranci bikin a Cathedral na Girona a ranar 5 ga Satumba 2015; Bishop na Girona Francisco Pardo Artigas da Archbishop na Cardinal na Valencia Antonio Cañizares Llovera sun halarci bushara. <ref name="CC">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=3 Spanish martyrs beatified |url=https://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=26042 |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=[[Catholic Culture]]}}</ref> An yi wa Oller bushara tare da abokiyar addininta Josefa Monrabal Montaner da Caterina Margenat Roura. Cardinal Amato - a lokacin bushara - ya lura cewa "har ma a yau, Kiristoci su ne tsirarun da aka fi tsananta wa a duniya". Paparoma Francis ya kuma yaba wa mutanen uku a cikin jawabinsa na Angelus a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2015 kuma ya lura cewa "su 'yan'uwa ne na Cibiyar Addini ta Saint Joseph na Girona, waɗanda aka kashe saboda amincinsu ga Almasihu da Cocin". Paparoma ya ƙara jaddada cewa 'yan mata mata suna "dogara ga Allah" waɗanda aka san su da "zubar da jininsu". <ref name="CC" /> Mai gabatar da wannan dalili shine Sister Teresa Fernández Mielgo. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1869]] dfq5mv5r74yf5f8nusv2d17seljlayr 892940 892939 2026-08-08T10:50:39Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fidela Oller Angelats''' (born '''Maria Dolors Oller Angelats'''; 17 September 1869 – 30 August 1936) was a Spanish religious sister of the ''Hermanas de Sant Josep o Vetlladores'' (Sisters of Saint Joseph of Girona).<ref name="SQPN">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=Blessed Maria Dolores Oller Angelats |url=https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-dolores-oller-angelats/ |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=Saints SQPN}}</ref><ref name="SEB">{{Cite web |date= |title=Blessed Fidelia (Dolores) Oller Angelats |url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/96772 |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=Santi e Beati}}</ref> She suffered martyrdom in the Spanish Civil War when she was gunned together along a road at Xeresa.<ref name="SEB" /> On 5 September 2015, she was beatied in the Girona Cathedral.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pregunta Santoral |date=5 September 2015 |title=Beatas Facunda Margenat, Fidella Oller y Josefa Monrabal, religiosas mártires |url=http://www.preguntasantoral.es/2015/09/beatas-hermanas-veladoras/ |access-date=5 September 2015 |archive-date=31 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031215023/http://www.preguntasantoral.es/2015/09/beatas-hermanas-veladoras/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="SQPN" /><ref name="SEB" /> == Rayuwa == An haifi Maria Dolors Oller Angelats a ranar 17 ga Satumban shekarar 1869 a Bañolas a matsayin babbar 'ya'ya huɗu da aka haifa wa [[Tukwane|mai tukwane]] Lorenzo Oller Verdaguer (1842–88) da Margarita Angelats Frigola. An kuma yi bikin baftismarta ƴan kaɗan bayan haka a cocin cocin Santa María del Turers inda aka yi mata baftisma da sunaye ''Dolors Margarita Teresa'' . Bishop na Girona Constantino Bonet ya ba ta Confirmation watanni biyu bayan haka a watan Nuwamba. <ref name="SEB"/> 'Yan'uwanta uku (a jere) su ne Lorenzo (an haife shi a 1873), Teresa (sunan namiji; an haife shi a 1875) da Salvador (an haife shi a 1880). Daga baya ɗan'uwanta Salvador ya zama Marist a matsayin Ɗan'uwa Doroteo. <ref name="SEB" /> <ref name="MR">{{Cite web |last=Melanie Rigney |date=9 November 2016 |title=Wednesday's Woman: Blessed Maria Dolores Oller Angelats |url=http://melanierigney.com/blog/catholicism/5224/ |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref> Kakanta na uba (kuma mai tukwane) shi ne Lorenzo Oller Bartra. Tun tana da shekaru goma sha bakwai, ta yi burin shiga rayuwar addini fiye da yadda take a lokacin yarintarta, kuma ta yanke shawarar cewa za ta zama mai da'awar addini da kanta. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga lokacin da ta fara haɗuwa da Ƴan'uwa Mata Masu Addini na Saint Joseph na Girona waɗanda suka zo garinsu a ranar 14 ga Yulin shekarar 1880 don taimakawa a asibiti na gida; ta fuskanci su a wannan lokacin kuma aikinsu ya ja hankalinta. Oller ta yi ƙoƙarinta na farko don shiga wannan umarni ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan ƙudurin amma an tilasta mata ta tafi gida bayan mutuwar mahaifinta kwatsam a shekarar 1888 (ya mutu yana kula da wani dangi mara lafiya). <ref name="MR"/> Wannan komawa gida ya sa ta kula da mahaifiyarta gwauruwa da 'yan'uwanta (Lorenzo mai shekaru goma sha biyar, Teresa mai shekaru goma sha uku, da Salvador mai shekaru takwas) ban da kakan mahaifinta wanda ya ƙaura tare da su. Amma ba da daɗewa ba ta yanke shawarar cewa aikinta yana ƙaruwa don haka ta koma ga umarninta don ci gaba da aikinta a ƙarƙashin sabuwar uwargida Sister María Vinardell. Oller ta dawo kan umarnin a ranar 12 ga Mayu 1892 don sake fara sabuwar makarantarta kuma ta ɗauki sunan addini "Fidela" sakamakon haka. <ref name="SEB"/> Oller ta fara aikinta na farko a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1894 tare da wasu mutane biyu (Inés Pagés Grivé (an haife ta a shekara ta 1875) da Teresa Canal Vila (an haife ta a shekara ta 1871)) sannan ta fara aikinta na addini a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1902. <ref name="SQPN"/> Oller ta ba da ayyukanta a asibitoci domin kula da marasa lafiya kuma an san ta da kasancewa mai ta'aziyya ga waɗanda ke rashin lafiya. A shekarar 1911 aka naɗa ta shugabar gidan sufi a Malgrat de Mar har zuwa watan Agusta na 1917 lokacin da aka mayar da ita Camprodón. Daga baya Oller ta koma Gandía a shekarar 1927 inda ta kafa sabon gidan sufi saboda umarninta kuma inda ta zama babbar gidan sufi. A nan ne ta shahara a tsakanin abokan aikinta saboda ja-gorarta da kuma kasancewarta mai goyon baya. <ref name="SQPN"/> Barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a shekarar 1936 ya sa aka ƙone cocin kwaleji na gida da ke Gandía wata guda bayan fara rikicin a ranar 2 ga Agusta. Daga baya aka gaya wa Oller ta miƙa dukkan kuɗaɗe da bayanan ga 'yan bindiga duk da cewa ta aika su ba da daɗewa ba kafin wannan zuwa gidan uwar rundunar da ke wani yanki. <ref name="MR"/> Daga baya, 'yar cocin ta gudu ta ɓuya (ta sha wahala da rashin barci da sanin cewa wani abu zai iya faruwa da ita a wani lokaci) kuma tana ƙaura daga wuri zuwa wuri sai ta haɗu da wata abokiyar aikinta: Sister Josefa Monrabal Montaner. Ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar ƙaura zuwa wani gida bayan an ba su shi kuma suka zauna a keɓe ba tare da sun bar gidan ba don guje wa gano shi. Amma duk wannan ya canza a daren ranar 29 ga Agusta lokacin da aka gano su aka kama su. A lokacin wannan kama ne aka karye hannunta a lokacin hayaniyar. <ref name="MR" /> Shugaban gidan José María Aparisi ya buɗe ƙofa ga 'yan bindiga da ke neman a kama su. Ya fara jin tsoron cewa shi ma za a kama shi don haka ya bayyana inda suke. Mutanen sun so Oller ba Monrabal ba, duk da cewa na biyun ya nemi kada a raba ta da Oller. An harbi Oller da Monrabal sau da yawa kuma an bar su suna zubar da jini har suka mutu sakamakon raunukan da suka samu a cikin dare ɗaya. Oller da kanta ta mutu sakamakon raunukan da ta samu a ranar 30 ga Agusta a kan hanyar da ta haɗa Gandía da Xeresa . [1] An harbi Oller a kafada da kuma a haikali na dama yayin da Monrabal ta mutu sakamakon mummunan zubar jini bayan an harbe ta a gefen hagu na wuyanta. Mutanen da ke zaune a wannan yanki sun ji karar harbin kuma daga baya da safe suka gano gawarwakin; mutanen sun binne su a Xeresa da rana amma an tono gawarwakin a shekarar 1939 aka mayar da su Gandía. [2] Daga baya an tono gawarta kuma yanzu haka ana ajiye su a Gandía. == Ƙarfafawa == Tsarin cika alƙawuran cocin ya ci gaba daga 24 ga Nuwamba 2001 har zuwa 11 ga Janairu 2003, Ikilisiyar Dalilan Waliyyai ta ayyana cewa wannan tsari yana aiki a cikin wata doka da aka bayar a ranar 28 ga Maris 2003. Bayanin ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka ya tattara takardar Positio wadda za ta ba da labarin rayuwarsu da kuma tabbatar da kisan da aka yi musu ''a cikin odium fidei'' ("cikin ƙiyayya ga addini"). An gabatar da Positio a shekarar 2004 amma babu wani mataki da aka ɗauka sai bayan kusan shekaru goma a ranar 10 ga Disamba 2013 tare da masana tauhidi da suka tabbatar da dalilin. [[Francis (fafaroma)|Paparoma Francis]] ya tabbatar da an yi mata bushara a ranar 23 ga Janairu 2015; Cardinal Angelo Amato ya jagoranci bikin a Cathedral na Girona a ranar 5 ga Satumba 2015; Bishop na Girona Francisco Pardo Artigas da Archbishop na Cardinal na Valencia Antonio Cañizares Llovera sun halarci bushara. <ref name="CC">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=3 Spanish martyrs beatified |url=https://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=26042 |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=[[Catholic Culture]]}}</ref> An yi wa Oller bushara tare da abokiyar addininta Josefa Monrabal Montaner da Caterina Margenat Roura. Cardinal Amato - a lokacin bushara - ya lura cewa "har ma a yau, Kiristoci su ne tsirarun da aka fi tsananta wa a duniya". Paparoma Francis ya kuma yaba wa mutanen uku a cikin jawabinsa na Angelus a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2015 kuma ya lura cewa "su 'yan'uwa ne na Cibiyar Addini ta Saint Joseph na Girona, waɗanda aka kashe saboda amincinsu ga Almasihu da Cocin". Paparoma ya ƙara jaddada cewa 'yan mata mata suna "dogara ga Allah" waɗanda aka san su da "zubar da jininsu". <ref name="CC" /> Mai gabatar da wannan dalili shine Sister Teresa Fernández Mielgo. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1869]] rirklxh86opa6mw08u4d7arz0h5z2ob 892941 892940 2026-08-08T10:50:50Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fidela Oller Angelats''' (born '''Maria Dolors Oller Angelats'''; 17 September 1869 – 30 August 1936) was a Spanish religious sister of the ''Hermanas de Sant Josep o Vetlladores'' (Sisters of Saint Joseph of Girona).<ref name="SQPN">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=Blessed Maria Dolores Oller Angelats |url=https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-dolores-oller-angelats/ |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=Saints SQPN}}</ref><ref name="SEB">{{Cite web |date= |title=Blessed Fidelia (Dolores) Oller Angelats |url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/96772 |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=Santi e Beati}}</ref> She suffered martyrdom in the Spanish Civil War when she was gunned together along a road at Xeresa.<ref name="SEB" /> On 5 September 2015, she was beatied in the Girona Cathedral.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pregunta Santoral |date=5 September 2015 |title=Beatas Facunda Margenat, Fidella Oller y Josefa Monrabal, religiosas mártires |url=http://www.preguntasantoral.es/2015/09/beatas-hermanas-veladoras/ |access-date=5 September 2015 |archive-date=31 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031215023/http://www.preguntasantoral.es/2015/09/beatas-hermanas-veladoras/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="SQPN" /><ref name="SEB" /> == Rayuwa == An haifi Maria Dolors Oller Angelats a ranar 17 ga Satumban shekarar 1869 a Bañolas a matsayin babbar 'ya'ya huɗu da aka haifa wa [[Tukwane|mai tukwane]] Lorenzo Oller Verdaguer (1842–88) da Margarita Angelats Frigola. An kuma yi bikin baftismarta ƴan kaɗan bayan haka a cocin cocin Santa María del Turers inda aka yi mata baftisma da sunaye ''Dolors Margarita Teresa'' . Bishop na Girona Constantino Bonet ya ba ta Confirmation watanni biyu bayan haka a watan Nuwamba. <ref name="SEB"/> 'Yan'uwanta uku (a jere) su ne Lorenzo (an haife shi a 1873), Teresa (sunan namiji; an haife shi a 1875) da Salvador (an haife shi a 1880). Daga baya ɗan'uwanta Salvador ya zama Marist a matsayin Ɗan'uwa Doroteo. <ref name="SEB" /> <ref name="MR">{{Cite web |last=Melanie Rigney |date=9 November 2016 |title=Wednesday's Woman: Blessed Maria Dolores Oller Angelats |url=http://melanierigney.com/blog/catholicism/5224/ |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref> Kakanta na uba (kuma mai tukwane) shi ne Lorenzo Oller Bartra. Tun tana da shekaru goma sha bakwai, ta yi burin shiga rayuwar addini fiye da yadda take a lokacin yarintarta, kuma ta yanke shawarar cewa za ta zama mai da'awar addini da kanta. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga lokacin da ta fara haɗuwa da Ƴan'uwa Mata Masu Addini na Saint Joseph na Girona waɗanda suka zo garinsu a ranar 14 ga Yulin shekarar 1880 don taimakawa a asibiti na gida; ta fuskanci su a wannan lokacin kuma aikinsu ya ja hankalinta. Oller ta yi ƙoƙarinta na farko don shiga wannan umarni ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan ƙudurin amma an tilasta mata ta tafi gida bayan mutuwar mahaifinta kwatsam a shekarar 1888 (ya mutu yana kula da wani dangi mara lafiya). <ref name="MR"/> Wannan komawa gida ya sa ta kula da mahaifiyarta gwauruwa da ƴan'uwanta (Lorenzo mai shekaru goma sha biyar, Teresa mai shekaru goma sha uku, da Salvador mai shekaru takwas) ban da kakan mahaifinta wanda ya ƙaura tare da su. Amma ba da daɗewa ba ta yanke shawarar cewa aikinta yana ƙaruwa don haka ta koma ga umarninta don ci gaba da aikinta a ƙarƙashin sabuwar uwargida Sister María Vinardell. Oller ta dawo kan umarnin a ranar 12 ga Mayu 1892 don sake fara sabuwar makarantarta kuma ta ɗauki sunan addini "Fidela" sakamakon haka. <ref name="SEB"/> Oller ta fara aikinta na farko a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1894 tare da wasu mutane biyu (Inés Pagés Grivé (an haife ta a shekara ta 1875) da Teresa Canal Vila (an haife ta a shekara ta 1871)) sannan ta fara aikinta na addini a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1902. <ref name="SQPN"/> Oller ta ba da ayyukanta a asibitoci domin kula da marasa lafiya kuma an san ta da kasancewa mai ta'aziyya ga waɗanda ke rashin lafiya. A shekarar 1911 aka naɗa ta shugabar gidan sufi a Malgrat de Mar har zuwa watan Agusta na 1917 lokacin da aka mayar da ita Camprodón. Daga baya Oller ta koma Gandía a shekarar 1927 inda ta kafa sabon gidan sufi saboda umarninta kuma inda ta zama babbar gidan sufi. A nan ne ta shahara a tsakanin abokan aikinta saboda ja-gorarta da kuma kasancewarta mai goyon baya. <ref name="SQPN"/> Barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a shekarar 1936 ya sa aka ƙone cocin kwaleji na gida da ke Gandía wata guda bayan fara rikicin a ranar 2 ga Agusta. Daga baya aka gaya wa Oller ta miƙa dukkan kuɗaɗe da bayanan ga 'yan bindiga duk da cewa ta aika su ba da daɗewa ba kafin wannan zuwa gidan uwar rundunar da ke wani yanki. <ref name="MR"/> Daga baya, 'yar cocin ta gudu ta ɓuya (ta sha wahala da rashin barci da sanin cewa wani abu zai iya faruwa da ita a wani lokaci) kuma tana ƙaura daga wuri zuwa wuri sai ta haɗu da wata abokiyar aikinta: Sister Josefa Monrabal Montaner. Ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar ƙaura zuwa wani gida bayan an ba su shi kuma suka zauna a keɓe ba tare da sun bar gidan ba don guje wa gano shi. Amma duk wannan ya canza a daren ranar 29 ga Agusta lokacin da aka gano su aka kama su. A lokacin wannan kama ne aka karye hannunta a lokacin hayaniyar. <ref name="MR" /> Shugaban gidan José María Aparisi ya buɗe ƙofa ga 'yan bindiga da ke neman a kama su. Ya fara jin tsoron cewa shi ma za a kama shi don haka ya bayyana inda suke. Mutanen sun so Oller ba Monrabal ba, duk da cewa na biyun ya nemi kada a raba ta da Oller. An harbi Oller da Monrabal sau da yawa kuma an bar su suna zubar da jini har suka mutu sakamakon raunukan da suka samu a cikin dare ɗaya. Oller da kanta ta mutu sakamakon raunukan da ta samu a ranar 30 ga Agusta a kan hanyar da ta haɗa Gandía da Xeresa . [1] An harbi Oller a kafada da kuma a haikali na dama yayin da Monrabal ta mutu sakamakon mummunan zubar jini bayan an harbe ta a gefen hagu na wuyanta. Mutanen da ke zaune a wannan yanki sun ji karar harbin kuma daga baya da safe suka gano gawarwakin; mutanen sun binne su a Xeresa da rana amma an tono gawarwakin a shekarar 1939 aka mayar da su Gandía. [2] Daga baya an tono gawarta kuma yanzu haka ana ajiye su a Gandía. == Ƙarfafawa == Tsarin cika alƙawuran cocin ya ci gaba daga 24 ga Nuwamba 2001 har zuwa 11 ga Janairu 2003, Ikilisiyar Dalilan Waliyyai ta ayyana cewa wannan tsari yana aiki a cikin wata doka da aka bayar a ranar 28 ga Maris 2003. Bayanin ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka ya tattara takardar Positio wadda za ta ba da labarin rayuwarsu da kuma tabbatar da kisan da aka yi musu ''a cikin odium fidei'' ("cikin ƙiyayya ga addini"). An gabatar da Positio a shekarar 2004 amma babu wani mataki da aka ɗauka sai bayan kusan shekaru goma a ranar 10 ga Disamba 2013 tare da masana tauhidi da suka tabbatar da dalilin. [[Francis (fafaroma)|Paparoma Francis]] ya tabbatar da an yi mata bushara a ranar 23 ga Janairu 2015; Cardinal Angelo Amato ya jagoranci bikin a Cathedral na Girona a ranar 5 ga Satumba 2015; Bishop na Girona Francisco Pardo Artigas da Archbishop na Cardinal na Valencia Antonio Cañizares Llovera sun halarci bushara. <ref name="CC">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=3 Spanish martyrs beatified |url=https://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=26042 |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=[[Catholic Culture]]}}</ref> An yi wa Oller bushara tare da abokiyar addininta Josefa Monrabal Montaner da Caterina Margenat Roura. Cardinal Amato - a lokacin bushara - ya lura cewa "har ma a yau, Kiristoci su ne tsirarun da aka fi tsananta wa a duniya". Paparoma Francis ya kuma yaba wa mutanen uku a cikin jawabinsa na Angelus a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2015 kuma ya lura cewa "su 'yan'uwa ne na Cibiyar Addini ta Saint Joseph na Girona, waɗanda aka kashe saboda amincinsu ga Almasihu da Cocin". Paparoma ya ƙara jaddada cewa 'yan mata mata suna "dogara ga Allah" waɗanda aka san su da "zubar da jininsu". <ref name="CC" /> Mai gabatar da wannan dalili shine Sister Teresa Fernández Mielgo. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1869]] d94eggk15a7omdc1pl2wrk86ffkzsn2 892942 892941 2026-08-08T10:51:06Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fidela Oller Angelats''' (born '''Maria Dolors Oller Angelats'''; 17 September 1869 – 30 August 1936) was a Spanish religious sister of the ''Hermanas de Sant Josep o Vetlladores'' (Sisters of Saint Joseph of Girona).<ref name="SQPN">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=Blessed Maria Dolores Oller Angelats |url=https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-dolores-oller-angelats/ |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=Saints SQPN}}</ref><ref name="SEB">{{Cite web |date= |title=Blessed Fidelia (Dolores) Oller Angelats |url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/96772 |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=Santi e Beati}}</ref> She suffered martyrdom in the Spanish Civil War when she was gunned together along a road at Xeresa.<ref name="SEB" /> On 5 September 2015, she was beatied in the Girona Cathedral.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pregunta Santoral |date=5 September 2015 |title=Beatas Facunda Margenat, Fidella Oller y Josefa Monrabal, religiosas mártires |url=http://www.preguntasantoral.es/2015/09/beatas-hermanas-veladoras/ |access-date=5 September 2015 |archive-date=31 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031215023/http://www.preguntasantoral.es/2015/09/beatas-hermanas-veladoras/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="SQPN" /><ref name="SEB" /> == Rayuwa == An haifi Maria Dolors Oller Angelats a ranar 17 ga Satumban shekarar 1869 a Bañolas a matsayin babbar 'ya'ya huɗu da aka haifa wa [[Tukwane|mai tukwane]] Lorenzo Oller Verdaguer (1842–88) da Margarita Angelats Frigola. An kuma yi bikin baftismarta ƴan kaɗan bayan haka a cocin cocin Santa María del Turers inda aka yi mata baftisma da sunaye ''Dolors Margarita Teresa'' . Bishop na Girona Constantino Bonet ya ba ta Confirmation watanni biyu bayan haka a watan Nuwamba. <ref name="SEB"/> 'Yan'uwanta uku (a jere) su ne Lorenzo (an haife shi a 1873), Teresa (sunan namiji; an haife shi a 1875) da Salvador (an haife shi a 1880). Daga baya ɗan'uwanta Salvador ya zama Marist a matsayin Ɗan'uwa Doroteo. <ref name="SEB" /> <ref name="MR">{{Cite web |last=Melanie Rigney |date=9 November 2016 |title=Wednesday's Woman: Blessed Maria Dolores Oller Angelats |url=http://melanierigney.com/blog/catholicism/5224/ |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref> Kakanta na uba (kuma mai tukwane) shi ne Lorenzo Oller Bartra. Tun tana da shekaru goma sha bakwai, ta yi burin shiga rayuwar addini fiye da yadda take a lokacin yarintarta, kuma ta yanke shawarar cewa za ta zama mai da'awar addini da kanta. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga lokacin da ta fara haɗuwa da Ƴan'uwa Mata Masu Addini na Saint Joseph na Girona waɗanda suka zo garinsu a ranar 14 ga Yulin shekarar 1880 don taimakawa a asibiti na gida; ta fuskanci su a wannan lokacin kuma aikinsu ya ja hankalinta. Oller ta yi ƙoƙarinta na farko don shiga wannan umarni ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan ƙudurin amma an tilasta mata ta tafi gida bayan mutuwar mahaifinta kwatsam a shekarar 1888 (ya mutu yana kula da wani dangi mara lafiya). <ref name="MR"/> Wannan komawa gida ya sa ta kula da mahaifiyarta gwauruwa da ƴan'uwanta (Lorenzo mai shekaru goma sha biyar, Teresa mai shekaru goma sha uku, da Salvador mai shekaru takwas) ban da kakan mahaifinta wanda ya ƙaura tare da su. Amma ba da daɗewa ba ta yanke shawarar cewa aikinta yana ƙaruwa don haka ta koma ga umarninta don ci gaba da aikinta a ƙarƙashin sabuwar uwargida Sister María Vinardell. Oller ta dawo kan umarnin a ranar 12 ga Mayu 1892 don sake fara sabuwar makarantarta kuma ta ɗauki sunan addini "Fidela" sakamakon haka. <ref name="SEB"/> Oller ta fara aikinta na farko a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1894 tare da wasu mutane biyu (Inés Pagés Grivé (an haife ta a shekara ta 1875) da Teresa Canal Vila (an haife ta a shekara ta 1871)) sannan ta fara aikinta na addini a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1902. <ref name="SQPN"/> Oller ta ba da ayyukanta a asibitoci domin kula da marasa lafiya kuma an san ta da kasancewa mai ta'aziyya ga waɗanda ke rashin lafiya. A shekarar 1911 aka naɗa ta shugabar gidan sufi a Malgrat de Mar har zuwa watan Agusta na shekarar 1917 lokacin da aka mayar da ita Camprodón. Daga baya Oller ta koma Gandía a shekarar 1927 inda ta kafa sabon gidan sufi saboda umarninta kuma inda ta zama babbar gidan sufi. A nan ne ta shahara a tsakanin abokan aikinta saboda ja-gorarta da kuma kasancewarta mai goyon baya. <ref name="SQPN"/> Barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a shekarar 1936 ya sa aka ƙone cocin kwaleji na gida da ke Gandía wata guda bayan fara rikicin a ranar 2 ga Agusta. Daga baya aka gaya wa Oller ta miƙa dukkan kuɗaɗe da bayanan ga 'yan bindiga duk da cewa ta aika su ba da daɗewa ba kafin wannan zuwa gidan uwar rundunar da ke wani yanki. <ref name="MR"/> Daga baya, 'yar cocin ta gudu ta ɓuya (ta sha wahala da rashin barci da sanin cewa wani abu zai iya faruwa da ita a wani lokaci) kuma tana ƙaura daga wuri zuwa wuri sai ta haɗu da wata abokiyar aikinta: Sister Josefa Monrabal Montaner. Ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar ƙaura zuwa wani gida bayan an ba su shi kuma suka zauna a keɓe ba tare da sun bar gidan ba don guje wa gano shi. Amma duk wannan ya canza a daren ranar 29 ga Agusta lokacin da aka gano su aka kama su. A lokacin wannan kama ne aka karye hannunta a lokacin hayaniyar. <ref name="MR" /> Shugaban gidan José María Aparisi ya buɗe ƙofa ga 'yan bindiga da ke neman a kama su. Ya fara jin tsoron cewa shi ma za a kama shi don haka ya bayyana inda suke. Mutanen sun so Oller ba Monrabal ba, duk da cewa na biyun ya nemi kada a raba ta da Oller. An harbi Oller da Monrabal sau da yawa kuma an bar su suna zubar da jini har suka mutu sakamakon raunukan da suka samu a cikin dare ɗaya. Oller da kanta ta mutu sakamakon raunukan da ta samu a ranar 30 ga Agusta a kan hanyar da ta haɗa Gandía da Xeresa . [1] An harbi Oller a kafada da kuma a haikali na dama yayin da Monrabal ta mutu sakamakon mummunan zubar jini bayan an harbe ta a gefen hagu na wuyanta. Mutanen da ke zaune a wannan yanki sun ji karar harbin kuma daga baya da safe suka gano gawarwakin; mutanen sun binne su a Xeresa da rana amma an tono gawarwakin a shekarar 1939 aka mayar da su Gandía. [2] Daga baya an tono gawarta kuma yanzu haka ana ajiye su a Gandía. == Ƙarfafawa == Tsarin cika alƙawuran cocin ya ci gaba daga 24 ga Nuwamba 2001 har zuwa 11 ga Janairu 2003, Ikilisiyar Dalilan Waliyyai ta ayyana cewa wannan tsari yana aiki a cikin wata doka da aka bayar a ranar 28 ga Maris 2003. Bayanin ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka ya tattara takardar Positio wadda za ta ba da labarin rayuwarsu da kuma tabbatar da kisan da aka yi musu ''a cikin odium fidei'' ("cikin ƙiyayya ga addini"). An gabatar da Positio a shekarar 2004 amma babu wani mataki da aka ɗauka sai bayan kusan shekaru goma a ranar 10 ga Disamba 2013 tare da masana tauhidi da suka tabbatar da dalilin. [[Francis (fafaroma)|Paparoma Francis]] ya tabbatar da an yi mata bushara a ranar 23 ga Janairu 2015; Cardinal Angelo Amato ya jagoranci bikin a Cathedral na Girona a ranar 5 ga Satumba 2015; Bishop na Girona Francisco Pardo Artigas da Archbishop na Cardinal na Valencia Antonio Cañizares Llovera sun halarci bushara. <ref name="CC">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=3 Spanish martyrs beatified |url=https://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=26042 |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=[[Catholic Culture]]}}</ref> An yi wa Oller bushara tare da abokiyar addininta Josefa Monrabal Montaner da Caterina Margenat Roura. Cardinal Amato - a lokacin bushara - ya lura cewa "har ma a yau, Kiristoci su ne tsirarun da aka fi tsananta wa a duniya". Paparoma Francis ya kuma yaba wa mutanen uku a cikin jawabinsa na Angelus a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2015 kuma ya lura cewa "su 'yan'uwa ne na Cibiyar Addini ta Saint Joseph na Girona, waɗanda aka kashe saboda amincinsu ga Almasihu da Cocin". Paparoma ya ƙara jaddada cewa 'yan mata mata suna "dogara ga Allah" waɗanda aka san su da "zubar da jininsu". <ref name="CC" /> Mai gabatar da wannan dalili shine Sister Teresa Fernández Mielgo. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1869]] swvq1gmygn58bljtk4gtlg5rztbtx38 892943 892942 2026-08-08T10:51:29Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fidela Oller Angelats''' (born '''Maria Dolors Oller Angelats'''; 17 September 1869 – 30 August 1936) was a Spanish religious sister of the ''Hermanas de Sant Josep o Vetlladores'' (Sisters of Saint Joseph of Girona).<ref name="SQPN">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=Blessed Maria Dolores Oller Angelats |url=https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-dolores-oller-angelats/ |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=Saints SQPN}}</ref><ref name="SEB">{{Cite web |date= |title=Blessed Fidelia (Dolores) Oller Angelats |url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/96772 |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=Santi e Beati}}</ref> She suffered martyrdom in the Spanish Civil War when she was gunned together along a road at Xeresa.<ref name="SEB" /> On 5 September 2015, she was beatied in the Girona Cathedral.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pregunta Santoral |date=5 September 2015 |title=Beatas Facunda Margenat, Fidella Oller y Josefa Monrabal, religiosas mártires |url=http://www.preguntasantoral.es/2015/09/beatas-hermanas-veladoras/ |access-date=5 September 2015 |archive-date=31 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031215023/http://www.preguntasantoral.es/2015/09/beatas-hermanas-veladoras/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="SQPN" /><ref name="SEB" /> == Rayuwa == An haifi Maria Dolors Oller Angelats a ranar 17 ga Satumban shekarar 1869 a Bañolas a matsayin babbar 'ya'ya huɗu da aka haifa wa [[Tukwane|mai tukwane]] Lorenzo Oller Verdaguer (1842–88) da Margarita Angelats Frigola. An kuma yi bikin baftismarta ƴan kaɗan bayan haka a cocin cocin Santa María del Turers inda aka yi mata baftisma da sunaye ''Dolors Margarita Teresa'' . Bishop na Girona Constantino Bonet ya ba ta Confirmation watanni biyu bayan haka a watan Nuwamba. <ref name="SEB"/> 'Yan'uwanta uku (a jere) su ne Lorenzo (an haife shi a 1873), Teresa (sunan namiji; an haife shi a 1875) da Salvador (an haife shi a 1880). Daga baya ɗan'uwanta Salvador ya zama Marist a matsayin Ɗan'uwa Doroteo. <ref name="SEB" /> <ref name="MR">{{Cite web |last=Melanie Rigney |date=9 November 2016 |title=Wednesday's Woman: Blessed Maria Dolores Oller Angelats |url=http://melanierigney.com/blog/catholicism/5224/ |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref> Kakanta na uba (kuma mai tukwane) shi ne Lorenzo Oller Bartra. Tun tana da shekaru goma sha bakwai, ta yi burin shiga rayuwar addini fiye da yadda take a lokacin yarintarta, kuma ta yanke shawarar cewa za ta zama mai da'awar addini da kanta. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga lokacin da ta fara haɗuwa da Ƴan'uwa Mata Masu Addini na Saint Joseph na Girona waɗanda suka zo garinsu a ranar 14 ga Yulin shekarar 1880 don taimakawa a asibiti na gida; ta fuskanci su a wannan lokacin kuma aikinsu ya ja hankalinta. Oller ta yi ƙoƙarinta na farko don shiga wannan umarni ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan ƙudurin amma an tilasta mata ta tafi gida bayan mutuwar mahaifinta kwatsam a shekarar 1888 (ya mutu yana kula da wani dangi mara lafiya). <ref name="MR"/> Wannan komawa gida ya sa ta kula da mahaifiyarta gwauruwa da ƴan'uwanta (Lorenzo mai shekaru goma sha biyar, Teresa mai shekaru goma sha uku, da Salvador mai shekaru takwas) ban da kakan mahaifinta wanda ya ƙaura tare da su. Amma ba da daɗewa ba ta yanke shawarar cewa aikinta yana ƙaruwa don haka ta koma ga umarninta don ci gaba da aikinta a ƙarƙashin sabuwar uwargida Sister María Vinardell. Oller ta dawo kan umarnin a ranar 12 ga Mayu 1892 don sake fara sabuwar makarantarta kuma ta ɗauki sunan addini "Fidela" sakamakon haka. <ref name="SEB"/> Oller ta fara aikinta na farko a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1894 tare da wasu mutane biyu (Inés Pagés Grivé (an haife ta a shekara ta 1875) da Teresa Canal Vila (an haife ta a shekara ta 1871)) sannan ta fara aikinta na addini a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1902. <ref name="SQPN"/> Oller ta ba da ayyukanta a asibitoci domin kula da marasa lafiya kuma an san ta da kasancewa mai ta'aziyya ga waɗanda ke rashin lafiya. A shekarar 1911 aka naɗa ta shugabar gidan sufi a Malgrat de Mar har zuwa watan Agusta na shekarar 1917 lokacin da aka mayar da ita Camprodón. Daga baya Oller ta koma Gandía a shekarar 1927 inda ta kafa sabon gidan sufi saboda umarninta kuma inda ta zama babbar gidan sufi. A nan ne ta shahara a tsakanin abokan aikinta saboda ja-gorarta da kuma kasancewarta mai goyon baya. <ref name="SQPN"/> Barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a shekarar 1936 ya sa aka ƙone cocin kwaleji na gida da ke Gandía wata guda bayan fara rikicin a ranar 2 ga Agusta. Daga baya aka gaya wa Oller ta miƙa dukkan kuɗaɗe da bayanan ga 'yan bindiga duk da cewa ta aika su ba da daɗewa ba kafin wannan zuwa gidan uwar rundunar da ke wani yanki. <ref name="MR"/> Daga baya, 'yar cocin ta gudu ta ɓuya (ta sha wahala da rashin barci da sanin cewa wani abu zai iya faruwa da ita a wani lokaci) kuma tana ƙaura daga wuri zuwa wuri sai ta haɗu da wata abokiyar aikinta: Sister Josefa Monrabal Montaner. Ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar ƙaura zuwa wani gida bayan an ba su shi kuma suka zauna a keɓe ba tare da sun bar gidan ba don guje wa gano shi. Amma duk wannan ya canza a daren ranar 29 ga Agusta lokacin da aka gano su aka kama su. A lokacin wannan kama ne aka karye hannunta a lokacin hayaniyar. <ref name="MR" /> Shugaban gidan José María Aparisi ya buɗe ƙofa ga 'yan bindiga da ke neman a kama su. Ya fara jin tsoron cewa shi ma za a kama shi don haka ya bayyana inda suke. Mutanen sun so Oller ba Monrabal ba, duk da cewa na biyun ya nemi kada a raba ta da Oller. An harbi Oller da Monrabal sau da yawa kuma an bar su suna zubar da jini har suka mutu sakamakon raunukan da suka samu a cikin dare ɗaya. Oller da kanta ta mutu sakamakon raunukan da ta samu a ranar 30 ga Agusta a kan hanyar da ta haɗa Gandía da Xeresa . [1] An harbi Oller a kafada da kuma a haikali na dama yayin da Monrabal ta mutu sakamakon mummunan zubar jini bayan an harbe ta a gefen hagu na wuyanta. Mutanen da ke zaune a wannan yanki sun ji karar harbin kuma daga baya da safe suka gano gawarwakin; mutanen sun binne su a Xeresa da rana amma an tono gawarwakin a shekarar 1939 aka mayar da su Gandía. [2] Daga baya an tono gawarta kuma yanzu haka ana ajiye su a Gandía. == Ƙarfafawa == Tsarin cika alƙawuran cocin ya ci gaba daga 24 ga Nuwamba 2001 har zuwa 11 ga Janairun shekarar 2003, Ikilisiyar Dalilan Waliyyai ta ayyana cewa wannan tsari yana aiki a cikin wata doka da aka bayar a ranar 28 ga Maris 2003. Bayanin ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka ya tattara takardar Positio wadda za ta ba da labarin rayuwarsu da kuma tabbatar da kisan da aka yi musu ''a cikin odium fidei'' ("cikin ƙiyayya ga addini"). An gabatar da Positio a shekarar 2004 amma babu wani mataki da aka ɗauka sai bayan kusan shekaru goma a ranar 10 ga Disamba 2013 tare da masana tauhidi da suka tabbatar da dalilin. [[Francis (fafaroma)|Paparoma Francis]] ya tabbatar da an yi mata bushara a ranar 23 ga Janairu 2015; Cardinal Angelo Amato ya jagoranci bikin a Cathedral na Girona a ranar 5 ga Satumba 2015; Bishop na Girona Francisco Pardo Artigas da Archbishop na Cardinal na Valencia Antonio Cañizares Llovera sun halarci bushara. <ref name="CC">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=3 Spanish martyrs beatified |url=https://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=26042 |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=[[Catholic Culture]]}}</ref> An yi wa Oller bushara tare da abokiyar addininta Josefa Monrabal Montaner da Caterina Margenat Roura. Cardinal Amato - a lokacin bushara - ya lura cewa "har ma a yau, Kiristoci su ne tsirarun da aka fi tsananta wa a duniya". Paparoma Francis ya kuma yaba wa mutanen uku a cikin jawabinsa na Angelus a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2015 kuma ya lura cewa "su 'yan'uwa ne na Cibiyar Addini ta Saint Joseph na Girona, waɗanda aka kashe saboda amincinsu ga Almasihu da Cocin". Paparoma ya ƙara jaddada cewa 'yan mata mata suna "dogara ga Allah" waɗanda aka san su da "zubar da jininsu". <ref name="CC" /> Mai gabatar da wannan dalili shine Sister Teresa Fernández Mielgo. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1869]] nmxe9l9oldx3g9ffrdp9f6wcryshiwq 892944 892943 2026-08-08T10:51:43Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fidela Oller Angelats''' (born '''Maria Dolors Oller Angelats'''; 17 September 1869 – 30 August 1936) was a Spanish religious sister of the ''Hermanas de Sant Josep o Vetlladores'' (Sisters of Saint Joseph of Girona).<ref name="SQPN">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=Blessed Maria Dolores Oller Angelats |url=https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-dolores-oller-angelats/ |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=Saints SQPN}}</ref><ref name="SEB">{{Cite web |date= |title=Blessed Fidelia (Dolores) Oller Angelats |url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/96772 |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=Santi e Beati}}</ref> She suffered martyrdom in the Spanish Civil War when she was gunned together along a road at Xeresa.<ref name="SEB" /> On 5 September 2015, she was beatied in the Girona Cathedral.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pregunta Santoral |date=5 September 2015 |title=Beatas Facunda Margenat, Fidella Oller y Josefa Monrabal, religiosas mártires |url=http://www.preguntasantoral.es/2015/09/beatas-hermanas-veladoras/ |access-date=5 September 2015 |archive-date=31 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031215023/http://www.preguntasantoral.es/2015/09/beatas-hermanas-veladoras/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="SQPN" /><ref name="SEB" /> == Rayuwa == An haifi Maria Dolors Oller Angelats a ranar 17 ga Satumban shekarar 1869 a Bañolas a matsayin babbar 'ya'ya huɗu da aka haifa wa [[Tukwane|mai tukwane]] Lorenzo Oller Verdaguer (1842–88) da Margarita Angelats Frigola. An kuma yi bikin baftismarta ƴan kaɗan bayan haka a cocin cocin Santa María del Turers inda aka yi mata baftisma da sunaye ''Dolors Margarita Teresa'' . Bishop na Girona Constantino Bonet ya ba ta Confirmation watanni biyu bayan haka a watan Nuwamba. <ref name="SEB"/> 'Yan'uwanta uku (a jere) su ne Lorenzo (an haife shi a 1873), Teresa (sunan namiji; an haife shi a 1875) da Salvador (an haife shi a 1880). Daga baya ɗan'uwanta Salvador ya zama Marist a matsayin Ɗan'uwa Doroteo. <ref name="SEB" /> <ref name="MR">{{Cite web |last=Melanie Rigney |date=9 November 2016 |title=Wednesday's Woman: Blessed Maria Dolores Oller Angelats |url=http://melanierigney.com/blog/catholicism/5224/ |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref> Kakanta na uba (kuma mai tukwane) shi ne Lorenzo Oller Bartra. Tun tana da shekaru goma sha bakwai, ta yi burin shiga rayuwar addini fiye da yadda take a lokacin yarintarta, kuma ta yanke shawarar cewa za ta zama mai da'awar addini da kanta. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga lokacin da ta fara haɗuwa da Ƴan'uwa Mata Masu Addini na Saint Joseph na Girona waɗanda suka zo garinsu a ranar 14 ga Yulin shekarar 1880 don taimakawa a asibiti na gida; ta fuskanci su a wannan lokacin kuma aikinsu ya ja hankalinta. Oller ta yi ƙoƙarinta na farko don shiga wannan umarni ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan ƙudurin amma an tilasta mata ta tafi gida bayan mutuwar mahaifinta kwatsam a shekarar 1888 (ya mutu yana kula da wani dangi mara lafiya). <ref name="MR"/> Wannan komawa gida ya sa ta kula da mahaifiyarta gwauruwa da ƴan'uwanta (Lorenzo mai shekaru goma sha biyar, Teresa mai shekaru goma sha uku, da Salvador mai shekaru takwas) ban da kakan mahaifinta wanda ya ƙaura tare da su. Amma ba da daɗewa ba ta yanke shawarar cewa aikinta yana ƙaruwa don haka ta koma ga umarninta don ci gaba da aikinta a ƙarƙashin sabuwar uwargida Sister María Vinardell. Oller ta dawo kan umarnin a ranar 12 ga Mayu 1892 don sake fara sabuwar makarantarta kuma ta ɗauki sunan addini "Fidela" sakamakon haka. <ref name="SEB"/> Oller ta fara aikinta na farko a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1894 tare da wasu mutane biyu (Inés Pagés Grivé (an haife ta a shekara ta 1875) da Teresa Canal Vila (an haife ta a shekara ta 1871)) sannan ta fara aikinta na addini a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1902. <ref name="SQPN"/> Oller ta ba da ayyukanta a asibitoci domin kula da marasa lafiya kuma an san ta da kasancewa mai ta'aziyya ga waɗanda ke rashin lafiya. A shekarar 1911 aka naɗa ta shugabar gidan sufi a Malgrat de Mar har zuwa watan Agusta na shekarar 1917 lokacin da aka mayar da ita Camprodón. Daga baya Oller ta koma Gandía a shekarar 1927 inda ta kafa sabon gidan sufi saboda umarninta kuma inda ta zama babbar gidan sufi. A nan ne ta shahara a tsakanin abokan aikinta saboda ja-gorarta da kuma kasancewarta mai goyon baya. <ref name="SQPN"/> Barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a shekarar 1936 ya sa aka ƙone cocin kwaleji na gida da ke Gandía wata guda bayan fara rikicin a ranar 2 ga Agusta. Daga baya aka gaya wa Oller ta miƙa dukkan kuɗaɗe da bayanan ga 'yan bindiga duk da cewa ta aika su ba da daɗewa ba kafin wannan zuwa gidan uwar rundunar da ke wani yanki. <ref name="MR"/> Daga baya, 'yar cocin ta gudu ta ɓuya (ta sha wahala da rashin barci da sanin cewa wani abu zai iya faruwa da ita a wani lokaci) kuma tana ƙaura daga wuri zuwa wuri sai ta haɗu da wata abokiyar aikinta: Sister Josefa Monrabal Montaner. Ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar ƙaura zuwa wani gida bayan an ba su shi kuma suka zauna a keɓe ba tare da sun bar gidan ba don guje wa gano shi. Amma duk wannan ya canza a daren ranar 29 ga Agusta lokacin da aka gano su aka kama su. A lokacin wannan kama ne aka karye hannunta a lokacin hayaniyar. <ref name="MR" /> Shugaban gidan José María Aparisi ya buɗe ƙofa ga 'yan bindiga da ke neman a kama su. Ya fara jin tsoron cewa shi ma za a kama shi don haka ya bayyana inda suke. Mutanen sun so Oller ba Monrabal ba, duk da cewa na biyun ya nemi kada a raba ta da Oller. An harbi Oller da Monrabal sau da yawa kuma an bar su suna zubar da jini har suka mutu sakamakon raunukan da suka samu a cikin dare ɗaya. Oller da kanta ta mutu sakamakon raunukan da ta samu a ranar 30 ga Agusta a kan hanyar da ta haɗa Gandía da Xeresa . [1] An harbi Oller a kafada da kuma a haikali na dama yayin da Monrabal ta mutu sakamakon mummunan zubar jini bayan an harbe ta a gefen hagu na wuyanta. Mutanen da ke zaune a wannan yanki sun ji karar harbin kuma daga baya da safe suka gano gawarwakin; mutanen sun binne su a Xeresa da rana amma an tono gawarwakin a shekarar 1939 aka mayar da su Gandía. [2] Daga baya an tono gawarta kuma yanzu haka ana ajiye su a Gandía. == Ƙarfafawa == Tsarin cika alƙawuran cocin ya ci gaba daga 24 ga Nuwamba 2001 har zuwa 11 ga Janairun shekarar 2003, Ikilisiyar Dalilan Waliyyai ta ayyana cewa wannan tsari yana aiki a cikin wata doka da aka bayar a ranar 28 ga Maris ɗin shekarar 2003. Bayanin ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka ya tattara takardar Positio wadda za ta ba da labarin rayuwarsu da kuma tabbatar da kisan da aka yi musu ''a cikin odium fidei'' ("cikin ƙiyayya ga addini"). An gabatar da Positio a shekarar 2004 amma babu wani mataki da aka ɗauka sai bayan kusan shekaru goma a ranar 10 ga Disamba 2013 tare da masana tauhidi da suka tabbatar da dalilin. [[Francis (fafaroma)|Paparoma Francis]] ya tabbatar da an yi mata bushara a ranar 23 ga Janairu 2015; Cardinal Angelo Amato ya jagoranci bikin a Cathedral na Girona a ranar 5 ga Satumba 2015; Bishop na Girona Francisco Pardo Artigas da Archbishop na Cardinal na Valencia Antonio Cañizares Llovera sun halarci bushara. <ref name="CC">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=3 Spanish martyrs beatified |url=https://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=26042 |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=[[Catholic Culture]]}}</ref> An yi wa Oller bushara tare da abokiyar addininta Josefa Monrabal Montaner da Caterina Margenat Roura. Cardinal Amato - a lokacin bushara - ya lura cewa "har ma a yau, Kiristoci su ne tsirarun da aka fi tsananta wa a duniya". Paparoma Francis ya kuma yaba wa mutanen uku a cikin jawabinsa na Angelus a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2015 kuma ya lura cewa "su 'yan'uwa ne na Cibiyar Addini ta Saint Joseph na Girona, waɗanda aka kashe saboda amincinsu ga Almasihu da Cocin". Paparoma ya ƙara jaddada cewa 'yan mata mata suna "dogara ga Allah" waɗanda aka san su da "zubar da jininsu". <ref name="CC" /> Mai gabatar da wannan dalili shine Sister Teresa Fernández Mielgo. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1869]] 3i8d2qz6lwsn0o35f98qp7h653t3v44 892945 892944 2026-08-08T10:51:58Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fidela Oller Angelats''' (born '''Maria Dolors Oller Angelats'''; 17 September 1869 – 30 August 1936) was a Spanish religious sister of the ''Hermanas de Sant Josep o Vetlladores'' (Sisters of Saint Joseph of Girona).<ref name="SQPN">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=Blessed Maria Dolores Oller Angelats |url=https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-dolores-oller-angelats/ |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=Saints SQPN}}</ref><ref name="SEB">{{Cite web |date= |title=Blessed Fidelia (Dolores) Oller Angelats |url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/96772 |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=Santi e Beati}}</ref> She suffered martyrdom in the Spanish Civil War when she was gunned together along a road at Xeresa.<ref name="SEB" /> On 5 September 2015, she was beatied in the Girona Cathedral.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pregunta Santoral |date=5 September 2015 |title=Beatas Facunda Margenat, Fidella Oller y Josefa Monrabal, religiosas mártires |url=http://www.preguntasantoral.es/2015/09/beatas-hermanas-veladoras/ |access-date=5 September 2015 |archive-date=31 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031215023/http://www.preguntasantoral.es/2015/09/beatas-hermanas-veladoras/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="SQPN" /><ref name="SEB" /> == Rayuwa == An haifi Maria Dolors Oller Angelats a ranar 17 ga Satumban shekarar 1869 a Bañolas a matsayin babbar 'ya'ya huɗu da aka haifa wa [[Tukwane|mai tukwane]] Lorenzo Oller Verdaguer (1842–88) da Margarita Angelats Frigola. An kuma yi bikin baftismarta ƴan kaɗan bayan haka a cocin cocin Santa María del Turers inda aka yi mata baftisma da sunaye ''Dolors Margarita Teresa'' . Bishop na Girona Constantino Bonet ya ba ta Confirmation watanni biyu bayan haka a watan Nuwamba. <ref name="SEB"/> 'Yan'uwanta uku (a jere) su ne Lorenzo (an haife shi a 1873), Teresa (sunan namiji; an haife shi a 1875) da Salvador (an haife shi a 1880). Daga baya ɗan'uwanta Salvador ya zama Marist a matsayin Ɗan'uwa Doroteo. <ref name="SEB" /> <ref name="MR">{{Cite web |last=Melanie Rigney |date=9 November 2016 |title=Wednesday's Woman: Blessed Maria Dolores Oller Angelats |url=http://melanierigney.com/blog/catholicism/5224/ |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref> Kakanta na uba (kuma mai tukwane) shi ne Lorenzo Oller Bartra. Tun tana da shekaru goma sha bakwai, ta yi burin shiga rayuwar addini fiye da yadda take a lokacin yarintarta, kuma ta yanke shawarar cewa za ta zama mai da'awar addini da kanta. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga lokacin da ta fara haɗuwa da Ƴan'uwa Mata Masu Addini na Saint Joseph na Girona waɗanda suka zo garinsu a ranar 14 ga Yulin shekarar 1880 don taimakawa a asibiti na gida; ta fuskanci su a wannan lokacin kuma aikinsu ya ja hankalinta. Oller ta yi ƙoƙarinta na farko don shiga wannan umarni ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan ƙudurin amma an tilasta mata ta tafi gida bayan mutuwar mahaifinta kwatsam a shekarar 1888 (ya mutu yana kula da wani dangi mara lafiya). <ref name="MR"/> Wannan komawa gida ya sa ta kula da mahaifiyarta gwauruwa da ƴan'uwanta (Lorenzo mai shekaru goma sha biyar, Teresa mai shekaru goma sha uku, da Salvador mai shekaru takwas) ban da kakan mahaifinta wanda ya ƙaura tare da su. Amma ba da daɗewa ba ta yanke shawarar cewa aikinta yana ƙaruwa don haka ta koma ga umarninta don ci gaba da aikinta a ƙarƙashin sabuwar uwargida Sister María Vinardell. Oller ta dawo kan umarnin a ranar 12 ga Mayu 1892 don sake fara sabuwar makarantarta kuma ta ɗauki sunan addini "Fidela" sakamakon haka. <ref name="SEB"/> Oller ta fara aikinta na farko a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1894 tare da wasu mutane biyu (Inés Pagés Grivé (an haife ta a shekara ta 1875) da Teresa Canal Vila (an haife ta a shekara ta 1871)) sannan ta fara aikinta na addini a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1902. <ref name="SQPN"/> Oller ta ba da ayyukanta a asibitoci domin kula da marasa lafiya kuma an san ta da kasancewa mai ta'aziyya ga waɗanda ke rashin lafiya. A shekarar 1911 aka naɗa ta shugabar gidan sufi a Malgrat de Mar har zuwa watan Agusta na shekarar 1917 lokacin da aka mayar da ita Camprodón. Daga baya Oller ta koma Gandía a shekarar 1927 inda ta kafa sabon gidan sufi saboda umarninta kuma inda ta zama babbar gidan sufi. A nan ne ta shahara a tsakanin abokan aikinta saboda ja-gorarta da kuma kasancewarta mai goyon baya. <ref name="SQPN"/> Barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a shekarar 1936 ya sa aka ƙone cocin kwaleji na gida da ke Gandía wata guda bayan fara rikicin a ranar 2 ga Agusta. Daga baya aka gaya wa Oller ta miƙa dukkan kuɗaɗe da bayanan ga 'yan bindiga duk da cewa ta aika su ba da daɗewa ba kafin wannan zuwa gidan uwar rundunar da ke wani yanki. <ref name="MR"/> Daga baya, 'yar cocin ta gudu ta ɓuya (ta sha wahala da rashin barci da sanin cewa wani abu zai iya faruwa da ita a wani lokaci) kuma tana ƙaura daga wuri zuwa wuri sai ta haɗu da wata abokiyar aikinta: Sister Josefa Monrabal Montaner. Ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar ƙaura zuwa wani gida bayan an ba su shi kuma suka zauna a keɓe ba tare da sun bar gidan ba don guje wa gano shi. Amma duk wannan ya canza a daren ranar 29 ga Agusta lokacin da aka gano su aka kama su. A lokacin wannan kama ne aka karye hannunta a lokacin hayaniyar. <ref name="MR" /> Shugaban gidan José María Aparisi ya buɗe ƙofa ga 'yan bindiga da ke neman a kama su. Ya fara jin tsoron cewa shi ma za a kama shi don haka ya bayyana inda suke. Mutanen sun so Oller ba Monrabal ba, duk da cewa na biyun ya nemi kada a raba ta da Oller. An harbi Oller da Monrabal sau da yawa kuma an bar su suna zubar da jini har suka mutu sakamakon raunukan da suka samu a cikin dare ɗaya. Oller da kanta ta mutu sakamakon raunukan da ta samu a ranar 30 ga Agusta a kan hanyar da ta haɗa Gandía da Xeresa . [1] An harbi Oller a kafada da kuma a haikali na dama yayin da Monrabal ta mutu sakamakon mummunan zubar jini bayan an harbe ta a gefen hagu na wuyanta. Mutanen da ke zaune a wannan yanki sun ji karar harbin kuma daga baya da safe suka gano gawarwakin; mutanen sun binne su a Xeresa da rana amma an tono gawarwakin a shekarar 1939 aka mayar da su Gandía. [2] Daga baya an tono gawarta kuma yanzu haka ana ajiye su a Gandía. == Ƙarfafawa == Tsarin cika alƙawuran cocin ya ci gaba daga 24 ga Nuwamba 2001 har zuwa 11 ga Janairun shekarar 2003, Ikilisiyar Dalilan Waliyyai ta ayyana cewa wannan tsari yana aiki a cikin wata doka da aka bayar a ranar 28 ga Maris ɗin shekarar 2003. Bayanin ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka ya tattara takardar Positio wadda za ta ba da labarin rayuwarsu da kuma tabbatar da kisan da aka yi musu ''a cikin odium fidei'' ("cikin ƙiyayya ga addini"). An gabatar da Positio a shekarar 2004 amma babu wani mataki da aka ɗauka sai bayan kusan shekaru goma a ranar 10 ga Disamban shekarar 2013 tare da masana tauhidi da suka tabbatar da dalilin. [[Francis (fafaroma)|Paparoma Francis]] ya tabbatar da an yi mata bushara a ranar 23 ga Janairu 2015; Cardinal Angelo Amato ya jagoranci bikin a Cathedral na Girona a ranar 5 ga Satumba 2015; Bishop na Girona Francisco Pardo Artigas da Archbishop na Cardinal na Valencia Antonio Cañizares Llovera sun halarci bushara. <ref name="CC">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=3 Spanish martyrs beatified |url=https://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=26042 |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=[[Catholic Culture]]}}</ref> An yi wa Oller bushara tare da abokiyar addininta Josefa Monrabal Montaner da Caterina Margenat Roura. Cardinal Amato - a lokacin bushara - ya lura cewa "har ma a yau, Kiristoci su ne tsirarun da aka fi tsananta wa a duniya". Paparoma Francis ya kuma yaba wa mutanen uku a cikin jawabinsa na Angelus a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2015 kuma ya lura cewa "su 'yan'uwa ne na Cibiyar Addini ta Saint Joseph na Girona, waɗanda aka kashe saboda amincinsu ga Almasihu da Cocin". Paparoma ya ƙara jaddada cewa 'yan mata mata suna "dogara ga Allah" waɗanda aka san su da "zubar da jininsu". <ref name="CC" /> Mai gabatar da wannan dalili shine Sister Teresa Fernández Mielgo. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1869]] jlw051wz2szhjhqozcf4a3eli0c1omf 892946 892945 2026-08-08T10:52:12Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fidela Oller Angelats''' (born '''Maria Dolors Oller Angelats'''; 17 September 1869 – 30 August 1936) was a Spanish religious sister of the ''Hermanas de Sant Josep o Vetlladores'' (Sisters of Saint Joseph of Girona).<ref name="SQPN">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=Blessed Maria Dolores Oller Angelats |url=https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-dolores-oller-angelats/ |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=Saints SQPN}}</ref><ref name="SEB">{{Cite web |date= |title=Blessed Fidelia (Dolores) Oller Angelats |url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/96772 |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=Santi e Beati}}</ref> She suffered martyrdom in the Spanish Civil War when she was gunned together along a road at Xeresa.<ref name="SEB" /> On 5 September 2015, she was beatied in the Girona Cathedral.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pregunta Santoral |date=5 September 2015 |title=Beatas Facunda Margenat, Fidella Oller y Josefa Monrabal, religiosas mártires |url=http://www.preguntasantoral.es/2015/09/beatas-hermanas-veladoras/ |access-date=5 September 2015 |archive-date=31 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031215023/http://www.preguntasantoral.es/2015/09/beatas-hermanas-veladoras/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="SQPN" /><ref name="SEB" /> == Rayuwa == An haifi Maria Dolors Oller Angelats a ranar 17 ga Satumban shekarar 1869 a Bañolas a matsayin babbar 'ya'ya huɗu da aka haifa wa [[Tukwane|mai tukwane]] Lorenzo Oller Verdaguer (1842–88) da Margarita Angelats Frigola. An kuma yi bikin baftismarta ƴan kaɗan bayan haka a cocin cocin Santa María del Turers inda aka yi mata baftisma da sunaye ''Dolors Margarita Teresa'' . Bishop na Girona Constantino Bonet ya ba ta Confirmation watanni biyu bayan haka a watan Nuwamba. <ref name="SEB"/> 'Yan'uwanta uku (a jere) su ne Lorenzo (an haife shi a 1873), Teresa (sunan namiji; an haife shi a 1875) da Salvador (an haife shi a 1880). Daga baya ɗan'uwanta Salvador ya zama Marist a matsayin Ɗan'uwa Doroteo. <ref name="SEB" /> <ref name="MR">{{Cite web |last=Melanie Rigney |date=9 November 2016 |title=Wednesday's Woman: Blessed Maria Dolores Oller Angelats |url=http://melanierigney.com/blog/catholicism/5224/ |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref> Kakanta na uba (kuma mai tukwane) shi ne Lorenzo Oller Bartra. Tun tana da shekaru goma sha bakwai, ta yi burin shiga rayuwar addini fiye da yadda take a lokacin yarintarta, kuma ta yanke shawarar cewa za ta zama mai da'awar addini da kanta. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga lokacin da ta fara haɗuwa da Ƴan'uwa Mata Masu Addini na Saint Joseph na Girona waɗanda suka zo garinsu a ranar 14 ga Yulin shekarar 1880 don taimakawa a asibiti na gida; ta fuskanci su a wannan lokacin kuma aikinsu ya ja hankalinta. Oller ta yi ƙoƙarinta na farko don shiga wannan umarni ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan ƙudurin amma an tilasta mata ta tafi gida bayan mutuwar mahaifinta kwatsam a shekarar 1888 (ya mutu yana kula da wani dangi mara lafiya). <ref name="MR"/> Wannan komawa gida ya sa ta kula da mahaifiyarta gwauruwa da ƴan'uwanta (Lorenzo mai shekaru goma sha biyar, Teresa mai shekaru goma sha uku, da Salvador mai shekaru takwas) ban da kakan mahaifinta wanda ya ƙaura tare da su. Amma ba da daɗewa ba ta yanke shawarar cewa aikinta yana ƙaruwa don haka ta koma ga umarninta don ci gaba da aikinta a ƙarƙashin sabuwar uwargida Sister María Vinardell. Oller ta dawo kan umarnin a ranar 12 ga Mayu 1892 don sake fara sabuwar makarantarta kuma ta ɗauki sunan addini "Fidela" sakamakon haka. <ref name="SEB"/> Oller ta fara aikinta na farko a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1894 tare da wasu mutane biyu (Inés Pagés Grivé (an haife ta a shekara ta 1875) da Teresa Canal Vila (an haife ta a shekara ta 1871)) sannan ta fara aikinta na addini a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1902. <ref name="SQPN"/> Oller ta ba da ayyukanta a asibitoci domin kula da marasa lafiya kuma an san ta da kasancewa mai ta'aziyya ga waɗanda ke rashin lafiya. A shekarar 1911 aka naɗa ta shugabar gidan sufi a Malgrat de Mar har zuwa watan Agusta na shekarar 1917 lokacin da aka mayar da ita Camprodón. Daga baya Oller ta koma Gandía a shekarar 1927 inda ta kafa sabon gidan sufi saboda umarninta kuma inda ta zama babbar gidan sufi. A nan ne ta shahara a tsakanin abokan aikinta saboda ja-gorarta da kuma kasancewarta mai goyon baya. <ref name="SQPN"/> Barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a shekarar 1936 ya sa aka ƙone cocin kwaleji na gida da ke Gandía wata guda bayan fara rikicin a ranar 2 ga Agusta. Daga baya aka gaya wa Oller ta miƙa dukkan kuɗaɗe da bayanan ga 'yan bindiga duk da cewa ta aika su ba da daɗewa ba kafin wannan zuwa gidan uwar rundunar da ke wani yanki. <ref name="MR"/> Daga baya, 'yar cocin ta gudu ta ɓuya (ta sha wahala da rashin barci da sanin cewa wani abu zai iya faruwa da ita a wani lokaci) kuma tana ƙaura daga wuri zuwa wuri sai ta haɗu da wata abokiyar aikinta: Sister Josefa Monrabal Montaner. Ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar ƙaura zuwa wani gida bayan an ba su shi kuma suka zauna a keɓe ba tare da sun bar gidan ba don guje wa gano shi. Amma duk wannan ya canza a daren ranar 29 ga Agusta lokacin da aka gano su aka kama su. A lokacin wannan kama ne aka karye hannunta a lokacin hayaniyar. <ref name="MR" /> Shugaban gidan José María Aparisi ya buɗe ƙofa ga 'yan bindiga da ke neman a kama su. Ya fara jin tsoron cewa shi ma za a kama shi don haka ya bayyana inda suke. Mutanen sun so Oller ba Monrabal ba, duk da cewa na biyun ya nemi kada a raba ta da Oller. An harbi Oller da Monrabal sau da yawa kuma an bar su suna zubar da jini har suka mutu sakamakon raunukan da suka samu a cikin dare ɗaya. Oller da kanta ta mutu sakamakon raunukan da ta samu a ranar 30 ga Agusta a kan hanyar da ta haɗa Gandía da Xeresa . [1] An harbi Oller a kafada da kuma a haikali na dama yayin da Monrabal ta mutu sakamakon mummunan zubar jini bayan an harbe ta a gefen hagu na wuyanta. Mutanen da ke zaune a wannan yanki sun ji karar harbin kuma daga baya da safe suka gano gawarwakin; mutanen sun binne su a Xeresa da rana amma an tono gawarwakin a shekarar 1939 aka mayar da su Gandía. [2] Daga baya an tono gawarta kuma yanzu haka ana ajiye su a Gandía. == Ƙarfafawa == Tsarin cika alƙawuran cocin ya ci gaba daga 24 ga Nuwamba 2001 har zuwa 11 ga Janairun shekarar 2003, Ikilisiyar Dalilan Waliyyai ta ayyana cewa wannan tsari yana aiki a cikin wata doka da aka bayar a ranar 28 ga Maris ɗin shekarar 2003. Bayanin ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka ya tattara takardar Positio wadda za ta ba da labarin rayuwarsu da kuma tabbatar da kisan da aka yi musu ''a cikin odium fidei'' ("cikin ƙiyayya ga addini"). An gabatar da Positio a shekarar 2004 amma babu wani mataki da aka ɗauka sai bayan kusan shekaru goma a ranar 10 ga Disamban shekarar 2013 tare da masana tauhidi da suka tabbatar da dalilin. [[Francis (fafaroma)|Paparoma Francis]] ya tabbatar da an yi mata bushara a ranar 23 ga Janairu 2015; Cardinal Angelo Amato ya jagoranci bikin a Cathedral na Girona a ranar 5 ga Satumban shekarar 2015; Bishop na Girona Francisco Pardo Artigas da Archbishop na Cardinal na Valencia Antonio Cañizares Llovera sun halarci bushara. <ref name="CC">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=3 Spanish martyrs beatified |url=https://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=26042 |access-date=9 November 2018 |publisher=[[Catholic Culture]]}}</ref> An yi wa Oller bushara tare da abokiyar addininta Josefa Monrabal Montaner da Caterina Margenat Roura. Cardinal Amato - a lokacin bushara - ya lura cewa "har ma a yau, Kiristoci su ne tsirarun da aka fi tsananta wa a duniya". Paparoma Francis ya kuma yaba wa mutanen uku a cikin jawabinsa na Angelus a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2015 kuma ya lura cewa "su 'yan'uwa ne na Cibiyar Addini ta Saint Joseph na Girona, waɗanda aka kashe saboda amincinsu ga Almasihu da Cocin". Paparoma ya ƙara jaddada cewa 'yan mata mata suna "dogara ga Allah" waɗanda aka san su da "zubar da jininsu". <ref name="CC" /> Mai gabatar da wannan dalili shine Sister Teresa Fernández Mielgo. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1869]] lina2nbl6x4yoixqypzqw2e0nrx3apw 0 144582 892723 879607 2026-08-08T03:17:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nancy Joan Johnstone''' (wacce aka haifa a '''Thomas-Peter''' ; 1906–1951) marubuciya ce 'yar Ingila, mai kula da otal-otal kuma mai taimakon jama'a. Mijinta na farko shi ne Archie Johnstone, ɗan jarida wanda ya koma [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Johnstone a Bath, a shekarar 1906, ga George Franklen Thomas-Peter (1882-1941) da Mary Margaret (wanda aka fi sani da Dot) Thomas-Peter (wanda aka haifa da Baldwin) (1882-1919). An yi mata baftisma a St Paul's, Bath a ranar 18 ga Yuli 1906. Aikin mahaifinta an ba shi a matsayin mutum mai kirki, kuma adireshinsu shine Butt Ash, Lyncombe . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Church of England Baptisms: St Paul, Bath, 1904-1914, via Ancestry |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/60857/images/42886_1831115184_0632-00017?pId=2603856 |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> Mahaifinta jami'i ne a Bataliya ta 4, Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Duke na Cornwall a [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]] . Mahaifiyarta ta mutu a shekarar 1919, sakamakon harbin zuma . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mary Margaret Baldwin via Ancestry |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/family-tree/person/tree/86973193/person/36552151977/facts |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> Mahaifinta ya sake yin aure, a shekarar 1923, ga Agnes Priestley Pearman (1900-1949). <ref>{{Cite web |title=''London Gazette'', Issue No 35684, 28 August 1942, p 3787 |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35684/page/3787 |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> A lokacin yarintarta tana zaune a Oak Cottage a Perranarworthal, kusa da Falmouth, Cornwall. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1911 census for Nancy Joan Thomas-Peter, Perranarworthal, via Ancestry |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/2352/images/rg14_13885_0185_03?pId=54943868 |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> Ta auri ɗan jarida Archie Johnstone (1896-1963) a shekarar 1931. A shekarar 1933, mutanen Johnstones sun zauna a gidaje 8 na Tudor, Gondar Gardens, Hampstead . <ref>{{Cite web |title=London Electoral Register, Hampstead, 1933, via Ancestry |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/1795/images/40020_190633-00725?pId=43373005 |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> A shekarar 1938, duk da cewa sun zauna a [[Ispaniya|Spain]] tsawon shekaru huɗu a wancan lokacin, an yi musu rijista a matsayin waɗanda ke zaune a gidaje 59 na Elm Park Mansions a Chelsea, <ref>{{Cite web |title=London Electoral Register, Chelsea, 1938, via Ancestry |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/1795/images/40020_190503-00670?treeid=&personid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=drj50&_phstart=successSource&pId=17231093 |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> yayin da suka shafe watanni uku a Ingila a lokacin bazara na 1938. == Tossa de Mar == A shekarar 1934, 'yan Johnstones suka ƙaura zuwa Costa Brava . Archie ya zaɓi wurin da zai je saboda bai san kowa ba a da. Nancy ta shawo kan Archie ya yi murabus daga aikinsa na ƙaramin edita a jaridar ''News Chronicle'', sannan ya gina otal. Da isowarsu Tossa de Mar, sun sami wata al'umma mai tasowa ta fasaha, ciki har da mai zane-zanen Jamus Fritz Marcus, wanda suka nemi ya tsara otal ɗinsu, da kuma masu zane-zane Marc Chagall, Oskar Zügel da Dora Maar . Ana kiran otal ɗin da Casa Johnstone, kuma an buɗe shi a shekarar 1935. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2012 |title=Footnotes: Hotel in Spain: the Johnstones of Tossa de Mar, 8 August 2012 |url=https://footnotes-catalan.blogspot.com/2012/08/hotel-in-spain-johnstones-of-tossa-de.html |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> Lokacin da Yaƙin Basasa na Spain ya ɓarke a shekara mai zuwa, jirgin ruwan yaƙi na Royal Navy HMS <nowiki><i id="mwVw">Hunter</i></nowiki> ya bayyana a bakin teku don ceton mazauna Birtaniya. Johnstones sun ƙi barin. Archie ya yi wasu rahotannin yaƙi lokaci-lokaci ga jaridar ''News Chronicle'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2012 |title=Footnotes: Hotel in Spain: the Johnstones of Tossa de Mar, 8 August 2012 |url=https://footnotes-catalan.blogspot.com/2012/08/hotel-in-spain-johnstones-of-tossa-de.html |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> Nancy ta sami wasu kuɗaɗen shiga a wannan lokacin ta hanyar rubuta tarihin rayuwa guda biyu: ''Hotel in Spain'' (1937) da ''Hotel in Flight'' (1939), duka Faber &amp;amp; Faber ne suka buga kuma kwanan nan The Clapton Press ta sake buga su. Ɗan majalisar jam'iyyar Labour mai zaman kanta John McGovern ne ya miƙa wa Faber littafin farko, wanda ke kan ziyarar bincike a Barcelona don bincika yanayin da ya haifar da ɓacewar Andrés Nin, ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa POUM, Ma'aikatan Jam'iyyar Marxist Unification. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Berga, Miquel, "From 'Blue Paradise' to the French Camps: Nancy Johnstone's Narratives of the Catalan Costa Brave at War", January 2011, ''Catalan Review'' 25:119-129 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279272632 |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> Littafi na biyu ya ƙunshi ƙarshen Yaƙin Basasa, yayin da otal ɗin ya zama wurin yara 'yan gudun hijira 50. Kwana ɗaya kafin Tossa ta faɗa hannun Nationalists, Johnstones sun tara yara 70 a cikin babbar mota, suka tuka su zuwa mafaka a Faransa, sojojin Francisco Franco suka bi su ko'ina. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Berga, Miquel, "From 'Blue Paradise' to the French Camps: Nancy Johnstone's Narratives of the Catalan Costa Brave at War", January 2011, ''Catalan Review'' 25:119-129 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279272632 |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> Har sai da aka buɗe kan iyaka da Faransa, Johnstones da yaran sun yi kwana uku a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Edison da ke sansanin 'yan Republican na [[Figueres]] . Washegari bayan buɗe iyakar ga 'yan gudun hijira, an jefa bam a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Berga, Miquel, "From 'Blue Paradise' to the French Camps: Nancy Johnstone's Narratives of the Catalan Costa Brave at War", January 2011, ''Catalan Review'' 25:119-129 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279272632 |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> Da zarar sun ketare kan iyaka, an tsare yaran a sansanin fursunoni na Faransa, amma daga ƙarshe aka mayar da su ga iyalansu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2012 |title=Footnotes: Hotel in Spain: the Johnstones of Tossa de Mar, 8 August 2012 |url=https://footnotes-catalan.blogspot.com/2012/08/hotel-in-spain-johnstones-of-tossa-de.html |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> Daga nan sai Johnstones suka tafi Provence, sannan suka tafi [[Faris|Paris]]. Sun yi shirin tafiya zuwa Mexico, suka kuma yi tafiya a cikin jirgin ruwan Jamus ''mai suna Iberia'' daga Cherbourg zuwa Veracruz . == Meziko == Mexico ta kasance zaɓi a bayyane, yayin da gwamnatin Republican ta Spain da ke gudun hijira da kuma 'yan Republican na Spain da yawa suka zauna a can a shekarar 1940 bayan faduwar Faransa. A Mexico, Johnstones sun zauna a Cuernavaca . Archie ya koyar a Makarantar Turanci; Nancy ta rubuta wani tarihin tafiye-tafiye, Sombreros are Becoming (1941) [1] da kuma wani labari, Temperate Zone (1941) wanda aka shirya a Mexico. Faber ne ya buga duka biyun. Bayan wani lokaci, Johnstones suka rabu, Archie ya koma Birtaniya ya sake aiki a jaridar ''News Chronicle'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Berga, Miquel, "From 'Blue Paradise' to the French Camps: Nancy Johnstone's Narratives of the Catalan Costa Brave at War", January 2011, ''Catalan Review'' 25:119-129 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279272632 |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> Daga nan ya yi aiki a ofishin jakadancin Birtaniya da ke Moscow yana gyara mujallar ''<nowiki/>'yan Burtaniya'', har sai da ya koma Tarayyar Soviet a shekarar 1949. == Shekarun da suka gabata == Johnstone ya koma Tossa a shekarar 1947 kuma a shekarar 1951, amma, bayan da Franco ta Spain ta damu da shi, ta sayar da otal ɗin, ta koma zama a [[Guatemala (ƙasa)|Guatemala]] . A lokacin ta sake yin aure a karo na biyu, ga wani Bafaranshe, Fernand Caron. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2012 |title=Footnotes: Hotel in Spain: the Johnstones of Tossa de Mar, 8 August 2012 |url=https://footnotes-catalan.blogspot.com/2012/08/hotel-in-spain-johnstones-of-tossa-de.html |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> A Cuernavaca, Johnstone ya zama abokiyar Constancia de la Mora da aka kora, wacce aka naɗa ta Shugaban Ofishin Yaɗa Labarai na Ƙasashen Waje na Jamhuriyar Spain a shekarar 1938, kuma ita ce matar Hidalgo de Cisneros, Kwamandan rundunar sojojin sama ta Republican. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2021 |title=de la Mora, Constancia, ''In Place of Splendour: The Autobiography of a Spanish Woman'' |url=https://theclaptonpress.com/in-place-of-splendour-by-constancia-de-la-mora/ |access-date=20 October 2021 |archive-date=21 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021051836/https://theclaptonpress.com/in-place-of-splendour-by-constancia-de-la-mora/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> De la Mora ya ziyarci Johnstone a Guatemala a shekarar 1950. A ranar 26 ga Janairu, matan biyu sun shiga hatsarin mota, wanda ya kashe de la Mora kuma ya ji wa Johnstone rauni sosai. Duk da cewa ta tsira, akwai wani karin bayani game da ita: wata wasiƙa da ta rubuta wa masu buga littattafanta a shekarar 1951. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Berga, Miquel, "From 'Blue Paradise' to the French Camps: Nancy Johnstone's Narratives of the Catalan Costa Brave at War", January 2011, ''Catalan Review'' 25:119-129 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279272632 |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> A lokacin rani na shekarar 1951, Johnstone ya rubuta daga Tossa zuwa Faber & Faber tare da adireshin tura wa goggon ta, Miss Edith Thomas-Peter, a Bath. Daga nan ta ɓace daga tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2012 |title=Footnotes: Hotel in Spain: the Johnstones of Tossa de Mar, 8 August 2012 |url=https://footnotes-catalan.blogspot.com/2012/08/hotel-in-spain-johnstones-of-tossa-de.html |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> == Gado == Casa Johnstone har yanzu tana nan, kodayake yanzu tana cikin wani babban rukunin otal, Otal Don Juan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2012 |title=Footnotes: Hotel in Spain: the Johnstones of Tossa de Mar, 8 August 2012 |url=https://footnotes-catalan.blogspot.com/2012/08/hotel-in-spain-johnstones-of-tossa-de.html |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hotel Don Juan Photos |url=https://www.donjuantossa.com/uploads/galeriahoteles/tenis.jpg |access-date=20 December 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An manta Johnstone har zuwa nunin da littafin daga Glòria Bosch da Susanna Portell, "Berlín> Londres> Paris> Tossa ... La tranquil.litat perduda" (2007, Fundación La Caixa), tare da takardun shaida, hotuna da haruffa. Bayan haka, Miquel Berga, masanin ilimi a Jami'ar Pompeu Fabra a [[Barcelona]] ya fassara littattafan otel guda biyu zuwa Catalan (ƙara ɗaya, mai suna ''Un Hotel a la Costa'', wanda aka buga a 2011). <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2012 |title=Footnotes: Hotel in Spain: the Johnstones of Tossa de Mar, 8 August 2012 |url=https://footnotes-catalan.blogspot.com/2012/08/hotel-in-spain-johnstones-of-tossa-de.html |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, an sanar da cewa mai shirya fina-finan Catalan Isona Passola za ta yi fim game da lokacin da Johnstones ya yi a Tossa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1906]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tl03vjhrpxd0l64kxgh85dtkwo1zgll 0 144614 892724 843120 2026-08-08T03:33:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Faristol.jpg|thumb|272x272px|Hukumar fassara tarihi a ofishin 'yan sanda na Vía Layetana da ke Barcelona.]] '''Victòria Pujolar Amat''' (26 ga Yuli 1921 - 24 ga Yuni 2017) 'yar fafutukar Republican ce ta Spain kuma memba ce a Jam'iyyar Haɗin Kan Gurguzu ta Catalonia . Duk da ramuwar gayya daga gwamnatin Franco, ta sha wahala, ta sha azaba, ɗaurin kurkuku da kuma ƙaura. Ta zauna a Faransa, Czechoslovakia da Romania . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |editor-last=Institut Català de les Dones. Gencat |title=100 anys del naixement de Victòria Pujolar Amat (2021). Orígens |url=http://dones.gencat.cat/ca/ambits/activitats/commemoracions/-100-anys-del-naixement-de-victoria-pujolar-i-amat/ |access-date=2022-05-01 |archive-date=2021-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204235047/https://dones.gencat.cat/ca/ambits/activitats/commemoracions/-100-anys-del-naixement-de-victoria-pujolar-i-amat/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ba ta taɓa daina gwagwarmayar siyasa ba kuma ita ce muryar farko a cikin Catalan a cikin Rediyon España Independiente, wanda aka fi sani da La Pirenaica, wanda ke [[Bukarest|Bucharest]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=4.1.2 La ràdio en català a l'exili {{!}} dones i noves tecnologies {{!}} codi lela |url=https://donestech.net/node/1567 |access-date=2018-10-21 |language=ca}}</ref> Ita ma 'yar wasa ce kuma mai zane. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2018 |title=Victoria Pujolar Amat: Los colores de la resistencia |url=http://www.mataderomadrid.org/ficha/9267/victoria-pujolar-amat:-los-colores-de-la-resistencia.html |access-date=2018-10-21 |archive-date=2018-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021112719/http://www.mataderomadrid.org/ficha/9267/victoria-pujolar-amat:-los-colores-de-la-resistencia.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |title=Mundo Obrero despide a Victoria Pujolar Amat, una de las camaradas que hicieron posible este periódico |url=http://www.mundoobrero.es/pl.php?id=7217 |journal=Mundo Obrero |language=es-es}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Victòria Pujolar Amat a Barcelona a kan 26 Yuli 1921 a cikin iyali mai ci gaba. Mahaifinta Joan Pujoar Marich ma'aikaci ne na Generalidad de Cataluña kuma mahaifiyarta Merè Amat Duran ta yi aiki a Registro Civil. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Qui és Victòria Pujolar Amat? |url=https://dones.gencat.cat/web/.content/03_ambits/activitats/exposicions/itinerants/cataleg/Victoria_Pujolar/Victoria-Pujolar-Exposicio.pdf}}</ref> Ta kasance mai son fasaha da wasanni tun tana yarinya. Ta halarci makarantar firamare a Mutua Escolar Blanquerna, da makarantar sakandare a Instituto Escuela de la La Barceloneta, Barcelona . == Yaƙin Basasa na Spain da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu == Ta rayu a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Spain da kuma harin bam da aka kai wa Barcelona. A shekarar 1939, bayan da aka kayar da ɓangaren Republican a Yaƙin Basasa na Spain, matashiyar Victòria ta tafi gudun hijira tare da iyayenta a [[Toulouse]], Faransa. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, lokacin da yankin ke ƙarƙashin mamayar Jamus, an kama ta ba tare da takardu ba aka kuma tsare ta a sansanin fursunoni na Récébédou, a kudancin Toulouse. Ta sami nasarar tserewa daga sansanin tare da 'yar uwarta da mahaifiyarta. <ref name=":0"/> Pujolar ta shiga ƙungiyar matasa masu ra'ayin gurguzu ta Unified Socialist Youth (JSU) ta ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin gurguzu ta Catalonia ( PSUC ) kuma a shekarar 1944 ta koma [[Barcelona]] don shiga ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin gurguzu. Ta sami aiki a matsayin edita a ƙamus na farko na Vox sannan daga baya a ɗakin zane na Edita Bruguera . An naɗa ta a matsayin sakatare janar na Joventut Socialista Unificada de Catalunya (JSUC). An ba ta sunan Anna kuma da kyawun bayyanarta a matsayin ''Chica del Eixample'' (matashiya daga Eixample), ta sami damar yin hulɗa da 'yan daba a cikin birnin. La'anar ta haifar da kama ta da kuma kama wasu 'yan bindiga, daga cikinsu akwai ɗan daba Francesc Serrat Pujolar Sisquet, shugaban JSU, wanda daga baya aka harbe shi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Borràs |first=Xavier |date=22 October 2018 |title=Olot recordarà el maquisard Francesc Serrat amb una placa al carrer on va néixer |url=https://www.naciodigital.cat/garrotxa/noticia/18684/olot/recordara/maquisard/francesc/serrat/amb/placa/al/carrer/va/ixer |journal=Diari Digital Garrotxa.cat}}</ref> An kai ta zuwa ɗakunan ajiya na ofishin 'yan sanda na Vía Layetana, 'yan'uwa Vicente da Antonio Juan Creix, 'yan sanda masu mugunta na <nowiki><i id="mwUA">Brigada Político-Social</i></nowiki>, suka yi mata tambayoyi, suka wulaƙanta ta kuma azabtar da ita ƙarƙashin umarnin Kwamishina Eduardo Quintela. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Theros |first=Xavier |date=2012-08-14 |title=La casa de los horrores |url=https://elpais.com/ccaa/2012/08/13/catalunya/1344888537_227502.html |journal=El País |language=es-es |location=Madrid |issn=1134-6582}}</ref> An tsare ta a [[:es:Prisión de Les Corts|gidan yarin mata na Les Corts]] fiye da shekara guda tana jiran shari'a, Pujolar ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a tsakanin fursunonin, tana haɓaka ayyukan wasanni da kuma zama kyaftin na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta gidan yarin. Ta kuma zana wasu wasannin kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo da 'yan mata suka shirya don bukukuwa na musamman. Lokacin Victoria a gidan yarin ya yi daidai da 'yan gurguzu [[Tomasa Cuevas]], [[Isabel Vicente|Isabel Vicente García]], [[Angela Ramis]] da kuma [[Adelaida ta ƙunshi Izquierdo|Adelaida Abarca Izquierdo]] da aka haifa a Madrid wacce ta kasance 'yar shekara 20 a cikin ƙungiyar Las Trece Rosas, an yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 20 a gidan yari maimakon kisa saboda ƙuruciyarta. Godiya ga ƙwarewarta ta ƙungiya, Abarca ta zama fursuna mai aminci kuma ta yi amfani da hukuncin da aka yanke mata don yin aiki a ofishin gidan yarin. Ta yi amfani da wasiƙu, fayiloli da bayanai, don sauƙaƙe tserewar Victoria Pujolar tare da hulɗar da suka yi da membobin jam'iyyar a ciki da wajen gidan yarin. Pujolar ta sami damar tserewa, a lokacin da aka mayar da ita Madrid don a yi [[Kotun soji ta Drumhead|mata shari'a a kotu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cronologia {{!}} Presó de les Corts |url=http://www.presodelescorts.org/ca/cronologia/1946 |access-date=2018-10-24}}</ref> Jim kaɗan bayan haka, Adelaida Abarca da Ángela Ramis su ma sun tsere daga kurkukun. == Fita == [[Fayil:Victoria_belle.jpg|left|thumb|211x211px|Victòria Pujolar Amat a cikin hoto na Francisco Boix a cikin 1947]] Tare da haɗin gwiwar abokai da iyalai, Pujolar ta sami nasarar ketare kan iyakar Faransa ta isa gidan iyayenta a Toulouse. A shekarar 1947, ta haɗu da ɗan jarida kuma shugaban kwaminisanci Federico Melchor Fernández, wanda ya dawo daga gudun hijira a [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], kuma suka yi aure suka haifi 'ya'ya huɗu. Ma'auratan sun zauna a birnin Paris lokacin da gwamnatin Faransa ta kori dukkan shugabannin kwaminisanci na ƙasashen waje daga ƙasar, sakamakon [[Cold War|yaƙin cacar baka]] . Sun yanke shawarar yin ƙaura zuwa [[Prag|Prague]], inda suka haɗu da Teresa Pàmies . Daga baya, an kira Federico Melchor zuwa [[Bukarest|Bucharest]] da ke Romania don ya jagoranci Radio España Independiente (REI) kuma a can suka haɗu da ƙungiyar Catalan, ciki har da Josep Bonifaci i Mora da daga baya Jordi Solé Tura . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Casademont Comas |first=Emili |date=13 December 2009 |title=En Solé Tura, el de la Pirenaica |journal=Diari de Girona}}</ref> Emili Vilaseca, wacce ke kula da watsa shirye-shiryen REI a cikin harshen Catalan, ta ba Pujolar shawarar ta yi gwajin murya, don haka ta zama mace ta farko da ta yi shela. Ta yi wa masu sauraron Radio Pirenaica a ɓoye a cikin Catalan, a ƙarƙashin laƙabin Montserrat Canigó, aikin da ta yi na tsawon shekaru da nazarin zane da fasaha a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Nicolae Grigorescu . == Komawa Spain == A cikin 1966 dangin sun koma Paris kuma Pujolar sun haɗu tare da [[Dolores Ibárruri|Dolores Ibarruri]] da Irene Falcón a ''Mujeres Españolas Antifascistas'' kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane da zane-zane a kan ma'aikatan edita na Mundo Obrero har zuwa 1974. <ref name=":0"/> Mutuwar tsohon shugaban mulkin kama karya na Spain Francisco Franco ta bude hanyar sauya sheka zuwa dimokuradiyya a Spain . Halatta Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Spain (PCE) ta ba wa ma'auratan damar komawa Madrid. Federico Melchor ya ci gaba da kula da mujallar Mundo Obrero kuma ya kasance memba na kwamitin zartarwa na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Spain har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1985. Pujolar ta sadaukar da kanta ga zane-zane kuma ta gudanar da nune-nunen baya-bayan nan guda uku, a Paris a 1992, a Sala Blanquerna a Madrid a 2002 da kuma a dakin karatu na Francesca Bonnemaison a Barcelona a 2005. [1] Victòria Pujolar Amat ta mutu a [[Madrid]] a ranar 24 ga Yuni 2017, tana da shekaru 95. == Amincewa da tunawa == A shekarar 2016, ɗan Pujolar, Jorge Amat, wani mai shirya fina-finai ɗan ƙasar Faransa, ya sadaukar da shirin fim ɗin ''La memoria rota'' (Broken Memory) a gare ta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=La Resistencia - La Memoria rota- (Cineteca) Documental de Jorge Amat - Cerca amb Google |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=la+memoria+rota+jorge+amat |access-date=2018-10-22 |language=ca}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, Cibiyar Mata ta Catalan ta tallata bikin tunawa da cika shekaru 100 na haihuwar Pujolar, wanda Gwamnatin Generalitat de Catalunya ta tallafa masa, gami da buga wani littafi na tarihin rayuwa da kuma nune-nune daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |editor-last=L'Institut Català de les Dones. Generalitat de Catalunya |title=100 anys del naixement de Victòria Pujolar Amat (2021). Materialsː Dossier |url=http://dones.gencat.cat/ca/ambits/activitats/commemoracions/-100-anys-del-naixement-de-victoria-pujolar-i-amat/ |access-date=2022-05-01 |archive-date=2021-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204235047/https://dones.gencat.cat/ca/ambits/activitats/commemoracions/-100-anys-del-naixement-de-victoria-pujolar-i-amat/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Janairun 2022, an bude baje kolin ayyukanta na fasaha 'Victòria Pujolar Amat. Diari Íntim' a Gidauniyar Felícia Fuster da ke Barcelona, wanda masanin tarihin fasaha Esther Rodríguez Biosca ta shirya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Una exposició mostra el llegat artístic de la lluitadora antifeixista Victòria Pujolar Amat |url=https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticies/una-exposicio-mostra-el-llegat-artistic-de-la-lluitadora-antifeixista-victoria-pujolar-amat/ |access-date=2022-01-28}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-26 |editor-last=Europa Press |title=El Any Victòria Pujolar Amat contará con una biografía y una exposición itinerante |url=https://www.europapress.es/catalunya/noticia-any-victoria-pujolar-amat-contara-biografia-exposicion-itinerante-20210726180841.html |access-date=2022-05-01}}</ref> 'Yar jarida Elvira Altés ta shirya nunin "Qui és Victòria Pujolar Amat?". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Qui és Victòria Pujolar Amat? |url=http://dones.gencat.cat/ca/ambits/activitats/exposicions/victoria-pujolar-amat/ |access-date=2022-08-13 |website=Institut Català de les Dones |language=ca-ES}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cu4ptc6di1cjlf0qhqjek9uc5m39z06 0 144670 892886 822093 2026-08-08T10:27:06Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Edith Lagos''' was a Peruvian Guerrilla fighter who was a member of the party Shining Path (Spanish: Sendero Luminoso), one of the multiple Communist Parties of Peru. Lagos was a prominent promoter of the group's agenda. == Rayuwa == An kuma haifi Legas a Ayacucho ga wani iyali mai arziki. Ta kuma yi karatun lauya a Jami'ar San Martín de Porres da ke [[Lima]] kafin ta fice ta shiga Shining Path <ref>{{Cite web |title=¿Quién es Edith Lagos, la senderista del video del Frente Amplio? |url=http://altavoz.pe/2017/04/20/23464/quien-es-edith-lagos-la-senderista-del-video-del-frente-amplio |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225161735/http://altavoz.pe/2017/04/20/23464/quien-es-edith-lagos-la-senderista-del-video-del-frente-amplio |archive-date=2017-12-25 |access-date=2017-09-15 |website=altavoz.pe |language=es}}</ref> A shekarar 1980, Lagos ta tsere daga gidan yarin Ayacucho bayan da wani rukunin sojoji na Shining Path ya hura rami a bangon gidan yarin. Ta shafe shekaru biyu tana tallata Shining Path da kuma shiga cikin ayyukansu. A shekarar 1982, an kashe Legas a Umaca, Peru, a wani musayar wuta da 'yan sanda da jami'an tsaro . [1] An binne ta a Ayacucho. An kiyasta cewa mutane har 30,000 ne suka halarci jana'izar. Daga baya rundunar Rodrigo Franco ta kai harin bam a kabarin Lago. [2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] oteb4i6jmwrf5i66bklgqjgan3yhth4 892887 892886 2026-08-08T10:27:23Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Edith Lagos''' was a Peruvian Guerrilla fighter who was a member of the party Shining Path (Spanish: Sendero Luminoso), one of the multiple Communist Parties of Peru. Lagos was a prominent promoter of the group's agenda. == Rayuwa == An kuma haifi Legas a Ayacucho ga wani iyali mai arziki. Ta kuma yi karatun lauya a Jami'ar San Martín de Porres da ke [[Lima]] kafin ta fice ta shiga Shining Path <ref>{{Cite web |title=¿Quién es Edith Lagos, la senderista del video del Frente Amplio? |url=http://altavoz.pe/2017/04/20/23464/quien-es-edith-lagos-la-senderista-del-video-del-frente-amplio |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225161735/http://altavoz.pe/2017/04/20/23464/quien-es-edith-lagos-la-senderista-del-video-del-frente-amplio |archive-date=2017-12-25 |access-date=2017-09-15 |website=altavoz.pe |language=es}}</ref> A shekarar 1980, Lagos ta tsere daga gidan yarin Ayacucho bayan da wani rukunin sojoji na Shining Path ya hura rami a bangon gidan yarin. Ta shafe shekaru biyu tana tallata Shining Path da kuma shiga cikin ayyukansu. A shekarar 1982, an kuma kashe Legas a Umaca, Peru, a wani musayar wuta da 'yan sanda da jami'an tsaro . [1] An binne ta a Ayacucho. An kiyasta cewa mutane har 30,000 ne suka halarci jana'izar. Daga baya rundunar Rodrigo Franco ta kai harin bam a kabarin Lago. [2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] bbu8b2vo4zivk5abvi566lir0kibphq 0 145332 892730 879527 2026-08-08T04:26:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Néfertiti Ngudianza Bayokisa Kisula''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Disamba 1971) lauya ce kuma 'yar siyasa 'yar ƙasar Congo wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Ciniki a gwamnatin Matata ta Biyu (2014 zuwa 2016). Tun daga shekarar 2025, ta yi aiki a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Kongo ta Tsakiya da kuma Wakilin Majalisar Dattawa. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Ngudianza a ranar 19 ga watan Disamba, 1971 a Nsundi Lutete a yankin Luozi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mwamba |first=Selinah |title=Ministère du Commerce Extérieur - RDC |url=https://www.commerce.gouv.cd/ |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=www.commerce.gouv.cd |language=fr}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-13 |title=Sénat : Nefertiti Ngudianza, unique femme élue au sein du Bureau définitif |url=https://radiodelafemme.net/senat-nefertiti-ngudianza-unique-femme-elue-au-sein-du-bureau-definitif/ |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=Radio de la Femme |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ita ce ta shida cikin 'ya'ya mata bakwai a cikin danginta. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-08 |title=Kongo Central-Élection des gouverneurs: Qui est Néfertiti Ngudianza Bayokisa Kisula? (Portrait) |url=https://depeche.cd/2022/05/08/kongo-central-election-des-gouverneurs-qui-est-nefertiti-ngudianza-bayokisa-kisula-portrait/ |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Dépêche.cd |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ngudianza ta yi karatu a makarantar yara da sakandare a Amurka. <ref name=":2"/> Bayan ta koma DRC, Ngudianza ta yi karatun digiri a fannin lauya a Jami'ar Kinshasa, sannan ta shiga Lauyar Kongo. <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Muleli |first=Josué |date=2025-05-04 |title=Du barreau à la chambre haute : la montée en puissance de Néfertiti Ngudianza Bayokisa |url=https://ntemo.cd/du-barreau-a-la-chambre-haute-la-montee-en-puissance-de-nefertiti-ngudianza-bayokisa/ |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=Ntemo |language=fr}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Mata ta Congo da Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Matasa ta Duniya. <ref name=":3" /> Ngudianza ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Ciniki na Ƙasashen Waje a gwamnatin Matata ta Biyu daga ranar 9 ga watan Disamba 2014 zuwa ranar 19 ga watan Disamba 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |title=RDC : Kabila nomme un gouvernement de « cohésion nationale » avec 7 opposants pour 47 portefeuilles |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/38213/politique/rdc-kabila-nomme-un-gouvernement-de-coh-sion-nationale-avec-7-opposants-pour-47-portefeuilles/ |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=JeuneAfrique.com |language=fr-FR}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-09 |title=Gouvernement de cohésion nationale de la RDC : Le Pprd Boshab, le Mlc Luhaka et le Palu Makiashi nommés vice-Premiers ministres |url=https://7sur7.cd/gouvernement-de-cohesion-nationale-de-la-rdc-le-pprd-boshab-le-mlc-luhaka-et-le-palu-makiashi-nommes-vice-premiers-ministres |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=7sur7.cd |language=fr}}</ref> A matsayinta na minista, ta kula da matsalar mura ta tsuntsaye game da kayayyakin kaji, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-23 |title=La ministre du Commerce face à la mission de l’OCC |url=https://7sur7.cd/index.php/la-ministre-du-commerce-face-a-la-mission-de-locc |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=7sur7.cd |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-24 |title=OCC brûle 6 tonnes des produits avariés à Lufu, Bayokisa interpellée |url=https://mail.7sur7.cd/occ-brule-6-tonnes-des-produits-avaries-a-lufu-bayokisa-interpellee |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=7sur7.cd |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-05 |title=RDC: Aucun poulet infecté n'a franchi les frontières nationales |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/actualite/2015/07/05/rdc-aucun-poulet-infecte-na-franchi-les-frontieres-nationales |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=Radio Okapi |language=fr}}</ref> ta tattauna kan aiwatar da nau'i ɗaya na harajin cinikin ƙasashen waje, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Actualité {{!}} Sénat : débat sur la question des droits, taxes et redevances payés à l’exportation des produits miniers {{!}} mediacongo.net |url=https://www.mediacongo.net/article-actualite-10152_senat_debat_sur_la_question_des_droits_taxes_et_redevances_payes_a_l_exportation_des_produits_miniers.html |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=www.mediacongo.net}}</ref> kuma ta sami kayan aikin ɗakin gwaje-gwaje daga Shirin Taimakon Ciniki na [[Tarayyar Turai]] don ba da damar gwada samfuran [[Magani|magunguna]] na jabu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Au moins 60% des produits pharmaceutiques commercialisés au Congo sont de la contrefaçon |url=https://www.lesoft.be/articles/au-moins-60-des-produits-pharmaceutiques-commercialis%C3%A9s-au-congo-sont-de-la-contrefa%C3%A7on |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=Lesoft.be}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, an zab5i Ngudianza a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sanatoci huɗu na Kongo Central, <ref name=":3"/> ta zama mace tilo da ta zama sanata a lardin. <ref name=":0"/> An sake zaɓen ta a shekarar 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Législatives nationales 2023 : élue avec brio, Néfertiti Ngudianza portera la voix des habitants de Luozi à l'Assemblée nationale |url=https://www.opinion-info.cd/politique/2024/01/14/legislatives-nationales-2023-elue-avec-brio-nefertiti-ngudianza-portera-la |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=Opinion Info |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=La Sénatrice Nefertiti NGUNDIANZA, Rapporteur du Sénat et figure emblématique du barreau congolais, sélectionnée pour le Top 50 RDC Forum |url=https://lieso.cd/2024/08/29/la-senatrice-nefertiti-ngundianza-rapporteur-du-senat-et-figure-emblematique-du-barreau-congolais-selectionnee-pour-le-top-50-rdc-forum/ |access-date=2025-09-11 |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2025-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250929161404/https://lieso.cd/2024/08/29/la-senatrice-nefertiti-ngundianza-rapporteur-du-senat-et-figure-emblematique-du-barreau-congolais-selectionnee-pour-le-top-50-rdc-forum/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 2024, Ngudianza ta tsaya takarar neman muƙamin Wakiliyar Majalisar Dattawa (sakatariya kuma mai magana da yawun Majalisar). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-05 |title=Nefertiti Ngudianza brigue également le poste de Rapporteur du Sénat |url=https://actualite.cd/2024/08/05/nefertiti-ngudianza-brigue-egalement-le-poste-de-rapporteur-du-senat |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=Actualite.cd |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-06 |title=Élection du Bureau Définitif du SÉNAT: la sénatrice Néfertiti NGUDIANZA BAYOKISA se lance pour le poste de Rapporteur |url=https://alaunekongo.net/2024/08/06/election-du-bureau-definitif-du-senat-la-senatrice-nefertiti-ngudianza-bayokisa-se-lance-pour-le-poste-de-rapporteur/ |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=A La Une Kongo |language=fr-FR }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-06 |title=Candidate Rapporteur au Sénat : Néfertiti Ngudianza, la voix d’une femme engagée |url=https://kongomedia.net/2024/08/06/candidate-rapporteur-au-senat-nefertiti-ngudianza-la-voix-dune-femme-engagee/ |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=Kongo Média |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2025-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250708175507/https://kongomedia.net/2024/08/06/candidate-rapporteur-au-senat-nefertiti-ngudianza-la-voix-dune-femme-engagee/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zaɓe ta da kuri'u 87 cikin 96. Yayin da take cikin wannan muƙami, ta kuma shiga cikin aikin gwaji da nufin nuna nasarorin mata ministoci, sanatoci da mataimaka tare da wakilan [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] (MDD) Mata DRC. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-30 |title=Sénat: ONU FEMMES sollicite l’implication de Nefertiti Ngudianza dans la mise en place du projet pilote de réseautage des femmes parlementaires et ministres |url=https://actualite.cd/index.php/2024/09/30/senat-onu-femmes-sollicite-limplication-de-nefertiti-ngudianza-dans-la-mise-en-place-du |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=Actualite.cd |language=fr}}</ref> Ngudianza ta kafa gidauniyar Ngudianza a shekarar 2015. <ref name=":2"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-30 |title=RDC-Kongo Central : la Fondation « NGUDIANZA » fait des dons constitués des kits scolaires en faveur des élèves de différentes écoles de la province ! |url=https://okapinews.net/education/rdc-kongo-central-la-fondation-ngudianza-fait-des-dons-constitues-des-kits-scolaires-en-faveur-des-eleves-de-differentes-ecoles-de-la-province/ |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=Okapinews.net |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] 7lcifc4eifo3sh4v63mzilm0gnyw172 0 145431 892786 809649 2026-08-08T08:23:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Olusola Momoh''' babbar jami'ar watsa labarai ce a Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Vice-Chairman – Channels Television |url=https://www.channelstv.com/olusola-toyin-momohexecutive-director/ |access-date=2021-11-23}}</ref> Ita ce wacce ta kafa kuma mataimakiyar shugabar Channels Media Group, babbar kamfanin ''[[Gidan Telebijin Channels|Channels Television]]'' . Momoh ta kammala karatun digiri na BSc a fannin sadarwa (labaran jarida) daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] . Tana kuma da takardar shaidar difloma a fannin aikin jarida daga UniLag. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2020-07-01 |title=MOMOH, Olusola |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/momoh-olusola/ |access-date=2021-11-23 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekarar 2014, ta kasance cikin ''Shirin Mata na Jagoranci'' na Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Vice-Chairman – Channels Television |url=https://www.channelstv.com/olusola-toyin-momohexecutive-director/ |access-date=2022-06-23}}</ref> == Sana'a == Kafin ta kafa Channels Television sannan daga baya ta kafa Channels Media Group, Momoh ta kasance mai rahoto, mai watsa labarai da kuma furodusa a [[Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya]], tsakanin 1979 da 1987. A wannan lokacin, ta samar da rahotanni da dama kan [[Zubar Ruwan mai a muhallin|malalar mai]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mrs. Olusola Momoh |url=https://aartoflife.org/staff_trusted/mrs-olusola-momoh/ |access-date=2021-11-23 |website=The Aart of Life Foundation |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Baya ga gogewarta ta watsa shirye-shirye, Momoh tana da shekaru bakwai na gogewa a fannin banki. Ta kasance Shugabar Sashen Harkokin Kamfanoni na Farko a Bankin Kasuwanci na Duniya (IMB). Daga baya, ta yi aiki a wasu sassan a IMB, ciki har da Ma'aikatar Baitulmali da Bashi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Vice-Chairman |url=https://www.channelstv.com/olusola-toyin-momohexecutive-director/ |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Channels Television |language=en}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == A shekarar 2019, Momoh ta sami digirin girmamawa na digirin digirgir a fannin gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci a Jami'ar Achievers, Owo, Jihar Ondo . [1] A watan Nuwamba na 2021, an karrama ta a matsayin daya daga cikin mata 20 masu karfi a taron shekara-shekara na Mata a fannin Gudanarwa, Kasuwanci da Ayyukan Jama'a wanda aka gudanar a Legas, Najeriya. [2] An kuma saka ta a cikin jerin "Mata Masu Iko a Aikin Jarida" na shekarar 2021 a Najeriya. [3] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] jgo0v2d3v2j545gny2q1zxzkuwpq9g3 0 145845 892609 810862 2026-08-07T14:39:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Margaret Gakuo Kenyatta''' (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu 1964) malamar makaranta ce 'yar ƙasar Kenya, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban Ƙasa ta ƙasar Kenya daga shekarun 2013 zuwa 2022. Tana auren Uhuru Kenyatta, tsohon shugaban ƙasar Kenya na yanzu. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Margaret Wanjiru Gakuo a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu, 1964 ubanta ɗan ƙasar Kenya, Njuguna Gakuo, tsohuwar darakta a Kamfanin Jiragen Ƙasa na Kenya, da kuma uwa 'yar [[Jamus|ƙasar Jamus]], Magdalena.<ref name=kck>{{cite news|first=Benjamin |last=Muriuki |title=Margaret Kenyatta, Ida Odinga and Rachel Ruto Are Teachers by Profession |url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/19275-margaret-kenyatta-ida-odinga-and-rachel-ruto-are-teachers-profession |work=Kenyans.co.ke |date=2017-05-22 |accessdate=2019-10-14}}</ref> Ta halarci Makarantar Kianda, Makarantar St. Andrews da ke Molo, Kenya, kuma ta sami digirin farko a fannin Ilimi daga [[Jami'ar Kenyatta]]. <ref name="kck" /> === Fafutukar zamantakewa === Kenyatta ta bayyana ra'ayinta kan wasu batutuwa da dama na zamantakewa a Kenya wanda ya haɗa da lafiyar uwa da jariri. <ref name="Kahenda">{{Cite web |last=Kahenda |first=Mercy |title=Margret Kenyatta Mother baby unit to boost maternal health in Nakuru and environs |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001299210/margret-kenyatta-mother-baby-unit-to-boost-maternal-health-in-nakuru-and-environs |access-date=2019-08-18 |website=The Standard}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-09 |title=Kenya to take UHC lessons from Barbados, First Lady Margaret Kenyatta says |url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2019/08/kenya-to-take-uhc-lessons-from-barbados-first-lady-margaret-kenyatta-says/ |access-date=2019-08-18 |website=Capital News |language=en-US}}</ref> Tana da sashin asibiti mai kula da jarirai bayan sunanta a can. <ref name="Kahenda" /> Kenyatta ta ƙarfafa marasa lafiya su yaƙi cutar kansa ta hanyar yin gwajin cutar kansar nono, mahaifa da mafitsara da wuri <ref>{{Cite web |title=Margaret Kenyatta calls for lifestyle change to combat disease |url=https://hivisasa.com/posts/59402371-margaret-kenyatta-calls-for-lifestyle-change-to-combat-disease |access-date=2019-08-18 |website=hivisasa.com}}</ref> da kuma magance ciwon suga ta hanyar ƙarfafa rayuwa mai kyau. Kenyatta kuma babbar mai goyon bayan shirye-shiryen ilimi da na agaji da yawa a Kenya, tana shiga cikin buɗe Kwalejin Sadaka ta WE a Gundumar Narok, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiplagat |first=Robert |title=First Lady roots for education in eradicating poverty |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001334299/first-lady-roots-for-education-in-eradicating-poverty |access-date=2019-08-18 |website=The Standard}}</ref> da kuma haɓaka kiyaye wurare da abubuwan tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamunde |first=Muraya |date=2019-08-10 |title=First Lady calls for cooperation in conservation of archaeological sites |url=https://www.kbc.co.ke/first-lady-calls-for-cooperation-in-conservation-of-archaeological-sites/ |access-date=2019-08-18 |website=KBC {{!}} Kenya's Watching |language=en-US}}</ref> Ra'ayin jama'a game da ita a Kenya, ya fi mayar da hankali kan sauƙin salonta da halayenta, da kuma mummunan ra'ayi kan rashin kunyarta da ake gani. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2018)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Tun lokacin da aka rantsar da shi, Kenyatta ya jagoranci wani kamfen, wanda aka yi wa laƙabi da Yaƙin Neman Zama na Baya, <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2013 |title=Unveiling UHURU MUIGAI KENYATTA’s wife.. Mama MARGARET WANJIRU KENYATTA |url=http://www.kenyan-post.com/2013/03/unveiling-uhuru-kenyattas-wife-mama.html |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=Daily Post (Kenya)}}</ref> don rage mace-macen mata a lokacin haihuwa. A ranar 24 ga watan Oktoba, 2014, an naɗa ta a matsayin Mutumin Shekara na Kenya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Margaret Kenyatta is the 2014 UN in Kenya Person of the Year - Daily Nation |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/specials/-/2101466/2510254/-/g1ub9jz/-/index.html |access-date=2019-03-08 |website=www.nation.co.ke}}</ref> Ita 'yar Katolika ce kuma tana aiki a matsayin ɗaliba na makarantar 'yan mata ta Katolika, Makarantar Kianda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiandaschool.ac.ke/ |title=Home page of school |access-date=2026-03-18 |archive-date=2025-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251208002542/https://kiandaschool.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Bayan Sifili == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] ok1eri5dpj168l4o86tutbvckxnn8c1 0 146036 892712 811411 2026-08-08T02:19:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mykola Lukash''' (Ukrainian; 19 ga Disamba 1919 - 29 ga Agusta 1988) sanannen Mai fassara na wallafe-wallafen Ukraine ne, masanin ilimin tauhidi da kuma marubucin ƙamus wanda aka haife shi a Krolevets kuma ya mutu a [[Kiev|Kyiv]] . Ya san harsuna sama da 20. Yawancin [[Adabi|Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen]] an fassara su cikin nasara daga yawancin waɗannan harsuna kuma ya gabatar da su ga wallafe-walfen Ukrainian. Kyautar wallafe-wallafen, ''Ars Translationis'', Vsesvit ne ya kafa ta a cikin 1989 don tunawa da Lukash. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Lukash ne a cikin iyalin malamai. Tun yana yaro ya koyi harsunan waje cikin sauƙi. Ya fara karatu a Kwalejin Tarihi ta Jami'ar Jihar Kyiv, amma [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya katse karatunsa. Ya yi yaƙi a cikin Sojojin Soviet daga 1943. A shekara ta 1947 bayan kammala karatunsa daga Cibiyar Harsunan Kasashen Waje a Kharkiv, Lukash ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin harsunan kasashen waje.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Зорівчак |first=Р. П. |last2=Савчин |first2=В. Р. |date=12 December 2017 |title=Лукаш Микола Олексійович |url=https://esu.com.ua/article-59113 |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=Енциклопедія Сучасної України |publisher=Інститут енциклопедичних досліджень НАН України |language=uk}}</ref> Daga nan sai ya zama shugaban Sashen Waƙoƙi na Vsesvit . Lukash yana da basirar harshe mai ban mamaki da kuma ilimi mai yawa game da wallafe-wallafen kasashen waje. An dauke shi daya daga cikin fitattun masu fassara na Ukrainian, yana fassara ayyukan wallafe-wallafen daga harsuna 20. Ya kasance mafi yawan gaske a cikin shekaru ashirin masu kyau tsakanin 1953 da 1973, lokacin da ya fassara [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]]'s Faust, Flaubert's Madam Bovary, waƙoƙin Shiller, [[Giovanni Boccaccio|Boccaccio]]'s Decameron da sauran ayyukan da yawa. Ya kasance memba na Union of Writers of Ukraine daga 1956 kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar wallafe-wallafen Ukraine. Lukash koyaushe yana ba da goyon baya ga marubutan da ake zaluntawa. Bayan kama Ivan Dziuba, wanda ya haifar da buga aikinsa Internationalism ko Russification? a [[Landan]], Lukash ya aika da wasika ga Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki na Verkhovna Rada na SSR na Ukraine, Shugaban Kotun Koli na Ukraine da Babban Mai gabatar da kara na SSR ta Ukraine tare da kwafin ga Presidium na Gudanar da Tarayyar Marubutan Ukraine, inda bai yarda da hukuncin kotun ba, yana kiransa rashin adalci, kuma ya nuna rashin amincewa da korar Ivan Dziuba daga Tarayyar. Lukash ya kai ga bayar da shawarar cewa ya yi hukunci maimakon Dziuba, wanda, ba kamar shi ba, ba shi da lafiya kuma yana da iyali don tallafawa.<ref name="sumy">{{Cite web |last=Артюх |first=В'ячеслав |title=Із протоколів засідання Спілки письменників України про виключення перекладача Миколи Лукаша зі складу організації за підтримку дисидента Івана Дзюби [1973] |url=https://history.sumy.ua/sources/writing/335-z-protokoliv-zasidannia-spilky-pysmennykiv-ukrainy-pro-vykliuchennia-perekladacha-mykoly-lukasha-zi-skladu-orhanizatsii-za-pidtrymku-dysydenta-ivana-dziuby-1973.html |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=history.sumy.ua |language=uk-ua |archive-date=23 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260423080933/https://history.sumy.ua/sources/writing/335-z-protokoliv-zasidannia-spilky-pysmennykiv-ukrainy-pro-vykliuchennia-perekladacha-mykoly-lukasha-zi-skladu-orhanizatsii-za-pidtrymku-dysydenta-ivana-dziuby-1973.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kyauta == Bai rayu ba don ganin bugawa na babban kundin fassarorin da ya fito a ƙarƙashin taken "Daga [[Giovanni Boccaccio|Boccaccio]] zuwa [[Guillaume Apollinaire|Apollinaire]]" a cikin 1990 kuma ya zama wani nau'i na abin tunawa ga Lukash. Mai tara ƙarar, mai fassara da masanin fassarar Mykhailo Moskalenko ya ce "a cikin Mykola Lukash Ukraine an aika da ƙwararren Mozartian a cikin ainihin ma'anar kalmar". Abokin aikinsa, sanannen mai fassara na Ukrainian Hryhoriy Kochur ya bayyana shi ta hanyar cewa "mutane kamar Lukash tabbas an haife su sau ɗaya a cikin ƙarni da yawa". == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1919]] boacrp547wgmcz5lnv2b67efz1zbjom 0 146258 892789 843490 2026-08-08T08:27:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oluwatoyin Adepeju Odeku''' farfesa ce ta Najeriya a fannin magunguna da fasahar magunguna, mai gudanar da ilimi, kuma mai ba da shawara. Tana da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Ibadan]], inda ta yi aiki a matsayin Dean na Faculty of Pharmacy . An san ta da bincike a cikin tsarin samar da magunguna da tsarin isar da magunguna, da kuma gudummawar da ta bayar ga jagorantar mata a kimiyya.<ref name="african_scientists">{{Cite web |title=Oluwatoyin Odeku Profile |url=https://africanscientists.africa/business-directory/odeku/ |access-date=17 March 2026 |website=African Scientists Directory |archive-date=19 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260419222924/https://africanscientists.africa/business-directory/odeku/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Odeku ta sami digiri na farko na Pharmacy (B.Pharm.) daga Jami'ar Ife wadda yanzu aka sani da [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]], Ile-Ife, Najeriya. Daga baya ta sami digiri na Master of Science (M.Sc.), 1992 da Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) daga Jami'ar Ibadan, Najeriya.<ref name="african_scientists"/> Har ila yau, tana da digiri na Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) daga [[Jami'ar Benin]] kuma ta sami horo a cikin gudanar da ilimi mafi girma a [[Jamus]].<ref name="naip">{{Cite web |title=Professor Oluwatoyin A. Odeku |url=https://staging.naipnigeria.org/professor-oluwatoyin-a-odeku-2/ |access-date=17 March 2026 |website=NAIP Nigeria}}</ref> Farfesa Odeku ta yi karatun postdoctoral a Jami'ar Ibrananci, Urushalima, Isra'ila . == Ayyukan ilimi == Odeku ta fara aikinta na ilimi a Jami'ar Ibadan a 1993, a matsayin Mataimakin Malami. Ta tashi zuwa matsayin farfesa a shekara ta 2008. <ref name="daad">{{Cite web |title=Professor Oluwatoyin Odeku Biography |url=https://static.daad.de/media/daad_de/pdfs_nicht_barrierefrei/infos-services-fuer-hochschulen/projektsteckbriefe/daad_gender_conference_proceedings_2017.pdf |access-date=17 March 2026 |website=DAAD}}</ref> Farfesa a fannin magunguna da fasahar magunguna. Ta zama Fellow na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka (ASS) a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ORCID |url=https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0732-1304 |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=orcid.org}}</ref> Ta rike mukamai da yawa na jagoranci, ciki har da, Dean, Faculty of Pharmacy, Director, Office of International Programs, Head of Department (Acting) da Sub-Dean (Undergraduate). <ref name="daad"/> === Ayyuka === A lokacin taron shekara-shekara na 97 na Ƙungiyar Magunguna ta Najeriya (PSN), wanda ya faru a Uyo, Akwa Ibom, jihar daga 4-9 Nuwamba, Farfesa Odeku ya sami lambar yabo ta 2024 na babbar lambar yabo ta May & Baker Professional Service a Pharmacy. Wadannan darajar tsabar kudi don Kyautar sun kasance N1m. Yayinda yake karɓar kyautar, Farfesa Oluwatoyin ya bayyana cewa, "Na ƙidaya shi babban girmamawa don zama mai karɓar kyautar ƙwararren sabis na Mayu da Baker na 2024. Ina godiya ga Allah da iyalina saboda goyon bayansu. Ina godiya ga May da Baker don ci gaba da amincewa da gudummawa ga sana'ar kantin magani a tsawon shekaru. Ina fatan May da Baker ci gaba da samun nasara. "<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ojalumo |first=Ranmilowo |date=2024-11-15 |title=Ex-UI Pharmacy Dean, Odeku Wins May & Baker Professional Service Award |url=http://pharmanewsonline.com/ex-ui-pharmacy-dean-odeku-wins-may-baker-professional-service-award/ |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=Pharmanewsonline |language=en-GB}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Majalisar Likitocin Najeriya (PCN) ta haɗu a Kaduna don tattauna game da Najeriya da shan miyagun ƙwayoyi. Farfesa Odeku ya kasance a can kuma ya yi magana a kan wani batu mai laushi: Rage barazanar shan miyagun ƙwayoyi ta hanyar bayanai, ilimi da sadarwa. A cikin jawabinta, ta ce, "yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi yana kashewa. Yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi yana rage makomar gaba. Yara don Allah kada su shiga cikin shan miyagun ƙwayoyi... yana canza tsarin kwakwalwar ku. Yana sarrafa kwakwalwar ku saboda ya shafi kwakwalwa, wasu za su zama masu zalunci ko masu baƙin ciki. Suna kama da ba a kula da su ba. Suna shiga cikin hali mai ban mamaki. "[1][2] a ranar Alhamis, 02 ga Oktoba, 2014, Farfesa Odeku ta gabatar da lacca ta farko a Jami'ar Ibadan . Taken shi ne, "Ci gaban magunguna na asali: Labari ko gaskiya. "<ref>{{Cite web |last=Inaugural Lecturer Series 2013/2014 |date=2014 |title=Development of indigenous pharmaceutical excipients : myth or reality : an inaugural lecture delivered at the University of Ibadan on Thursday, 02 October, 2014 |url=https://catalog.nlm.nih.gov/discovery/fulldisplay/alma9916600033406676/01NLM_INST:01NLM_INST |url-status=live |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=catalog.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref> Binciken ta yana mai da hankali kan magunguna, tsarin isar da magunguna, kimiyyar polymer, da fasahar magunguna.<ref name="african_scientists"/> Ta kuma rike mukamai na ziyara da bincike a Jamus, [[Isra'ila]], da [[Ghana]].<ref name="naip"/> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == Abubuwan da Odeku ke sha'awa a kansu sun haɗa da tsarin samar da magunguna da kuma isar da su, abubuwan da ke taimakawa wajen samar da magunguna da kuma polymers, da kuma haɓaka magungunan da ke hana kamuwa da ciwon suga. == Jagora da bayar da shawarwari == Odeku ta kafa Cibiyar Ci gaban Cibiyar Kimiyya (WAAN) a cikin 2018, wani shiri na jagoranci da nufin inganta yawan bincike da ci gaban aiki tsakanin malaman mata.<ref name="nature">{{Cite web |last=Odeh |first=Onche |date=12 December 2024 |title=Mentorship is a way of paying it forward |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d44148-024-00337-x |access-date=17 March 2026 |website=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]}}</ref> Ayyukanta na jagoranci suna magance kalubalen da mata ke fuskanta a kimiyya, gami da ma'auni na aiki da rayuwa da kuma shingen ma'aikata.<ref name="nature"/> == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == Odeku ta sami kyaututtuka da yawa, ciki har da: * Kyautar Halitta don Jagora a Kimiyya (Yammacin Afirka, 2024) <ref name="nature"/> * Kyautar Ayyukan Kwararru ta Mayu & Baker a cikin Pharmacy (2024) <ref name="pharmanews">{{Cite web |title=Ex-UI Pharmacy Dean Odeku wins May & Baker Professional Service Award |url=https://pharmanewsonline.com/ex-ui-pharmacy-dean-odeku-wins-may-baker-professional-service-award/ |access-date=17 March 2026 |website=PharmaNews}}</ref> * Kyautar Humboldt Alumni don Shirye-shiryen Sabuntawa (2021) <ref name="alumniportal">{{Cite web |last=Scheffer |first=Ulrike |date=2025-02-25 |title=Equal opportunities for women in Nigeria |url=https://www.alumniportal-deutschland.org/en/magazine/alumni-stories/equal-opportunities-women-nigeria/ |access-date=17 March 2026 |website=Alumniportal Deutschland |archive-date=2026-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260420134037/https://www.alumniportal-deutschland.org/en/magazine/alumni-stories/equal-opportunities-women-nigeria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ita memba ce ta [[Makarantar Kimiyya ta Najeriya|Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Najeriya]], da Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria, da Kwalejin Pharmacy ta Najeriya.<ref name="naip"/> == Haɗin sana'a == Odeku memba ne na kungiyoyin kimiyya da yawa, gami da Kungiyar Kimiyya ta Najeriya da Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka.<ref name="alumniportal"/> Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Jakadan Humboldt Masanin Kimiyya na Najeriya. <ref name="alumniportal"/> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Odeku ta yi aure tare da yara kuma ta yi magana game da muhimmancin tallafin iyali wajen ba mata damar bin ayyukan ilimi.<ref name="alumniportal"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6meth8mr25x1axj3jjaml6os0dchesr 0 146520 892790 813127 2026-08-08T08:34:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Omneya Abdel Kawy (Larabci: أمنية عبد القوي; an haife shi 15 ga Agusta 1985, a Alkahira) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga Masar. == Ayyuka == Omneya ta lashe lambar yabo ta matasa a shekara ta 2003 a garinsu na Alkahira lokacin da ta zama mace ta farko ta Masar da ta lashe gasar zakarun duniya ta Junior; <ref name="PS">{{Cite web |title=OMNEYA ABDEL KAWY RETIRES |url=http://pharaohsquash.com/omneyaretires.htm |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=Pharaoh Squash |archive-date=20 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220121019/http://pharaohsquash.com/omneyaretires.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> a baya ta kasance ta biyu ga Nicol David a 1999 da 2001. Ta riga ta yi gasa a kan WISPA Tour a lokacin da take matashiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Junior Championships past winners |url=https://wsfworldjuniors.com/previous-winners/ |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=WSF}}</ref> Ta kai lamba ta bakwai a cikin matsayi na duniya a farkon shekara ta 2005 kuma ta samu nasarar buga wasan kwallon kafa da Rachael Grinham mai lamba daya a duniya a wasan karshe na Hurghada International a kasar ta, kodayake daga karshe ta rasa wasan. Ta kuma kai wasu fina-finai biyu, a Harrow, Greenwich Open da Dayton Open, duka a Amurka, kuma ta gama a matsayin mai tsere. Omneya daga nan ya lashe taken Marsh McLennan ta hanyar doke Vicky Botwright . [1] 2006 ta ga Omneya ta rama asarar Hurghada International a shekarar da ta gabata lokacin da ta juya tebur a wasan karshe don lashe taron a gaban magoya bayanta na gida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HURGHADA INTERNATIONAL 2006 |url=http://www.squashplayer.co.uk/resultspage.asp?Key=906 |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=Squash Player}}</ref> A shekara ta 2007, ta lashe Dayton Open ta hanyar doke Jaclyn Hawkes na New Zealand da ci 9-5, 9-5, 3-9 da 9-5. Ta zama mace ta farko ta Masar da ta shiga cikin saman duniya 4 kuma ita ce mace ta farko a Masar da ta kai wasan karshe na duniya a gasar zakarun duniya ta 2010 . <ref name="PS"/> A shekara ta 2012, ta kasance daga cikin tawagar da ta sake samun lambar yabo ta duniya bayan ta lashe lambar zinare a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women's WSF World Team Championship 2012, La Parnasse Arena, Nimes, France |url=https://www.squashinfo.com/events/4471-womens-world-team-championship-2012 |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=Squash info}}</ref> A shekara ta 2014, ta kasance daga cikin tawagar Masar da ta lashe lambar tagulla a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=England Reclaim Women's World Team Championship Title |url=https://www.squashinfo.com/news/6445-england-reclaim-womens-world-team-championship-title |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220110802/http://www.squashinfo.com/news/6445-england-reclaim-womens-world-team-championship-title |archive-date=20 December 2022 |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=Squash info}}</ref> A shekara ta 2016, ta lashe lambar yabo ta uku a duniya a matsayin wani ɓangare na tawagar Masar da ta lashe lambar zinare a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt Beats England, Winning Women's World Team Squash Championship |url=https://cairoscene.com/Buzz/Egypt-beats-England-Winning-Women-s-World-Team-Squash-Championship |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=Cairo Scene}}</ref> A cikin 2018, ta sanar da ritayar ta daga squash.<ref name="PS"/> == Duniya ta bude == === Wasanni na karshe: 1 (0 taken, 1 wanda ya zo na biyu) === {| class="sortable wikitable" ! width="100" |Sakamakon ! width="50" |Shekara ! width="225" |Wurin da yake ! width="200" |Abokin hamayya a wasan karshe ! width="200" |Sakamakon a wasan karshe |- | bgcolor="ffa07a" |Wanda ya zo na biyu |2010 |Sharm el-Sheikh, Misira |[[Nicol David]]{{Flagicon|MAS}} |11–5, 11–8, 11–6 |} == Babban bayyanar karshe na World Series == === Hong Kong Open: 1 na karshe (0 taken, 1 na biyu) === {| class="sortable wikitable" ! width="100" |Sakamakon ! width="50" |Shekara ! width="200" |Abokin hamayya a wasan karshe ! width="200" |Sakamakon a wasan karshe |- | bgcolor="ffa07a" |Wanda ya zo na biyu |2009 |[[Nicol David]]{{Flagicon|MAS}} |11–4, 11–7, 11-7 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] s9j0aert19e1r0g24l6d8favkuiy4u5 0 146539 892751 836960 2026-08-08T05:56:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nonye Frances Soludo''' Listenⓘ (an haife ta a ranar 31 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1970) masaniyar kimiyyar kwamfuta ce ta Najeriya, ƴar kasuwa kuma mai kula da muhalli wacce itace Uwargidan gwamna ta biyar ta [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]] tun watan Maris na shekara ta 2022. An ba ta suna Uwargidan gwamna na Shekara ta hanyar Kyautar Jama'a da Mujallar Najeriya. == Tarihi da ilimi == Soludo ta fito ne daga Isuofia, karamar hukumar Aguata ta jihar Anambra. An haife ta ne a cikin dangin Cif Emmanuel Chukwumma Ezenwanne da Gloria Uzoamaka Ezenwanne, wadanda suka kasance malamai. Ita kuma 'yar uwar [[Dora Akunyili|Farfesa Dora Akinyuli]] ce. Soludo ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]] a shekarar 1995. Daga baya ta ci gaba da yin Master of Science a Accounting da Finance daga Jami'ar Westminister, Burtaniya a shekara ta 2006. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2025, [[Jami'ar Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ta ba ta digiri na girmamawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tokunbo2 |date=24 May 2025 |title=Nonye Soludo, others get honorary doctorate from Ojukwu varsity |url=https://thesun.ng/ojukwu-varsity-confers-honorary-doctorate-degree-on-anambra-first-lady-nonye-soludo-others/ |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Tafiyar kasuwanci ta Nonye ta fara ne a harabar Jami'ar Najeriya Nsukka inda ta kafa cibiyoyin ICT na farko kuma mafi girma "Queens Computers". Ya yi aiki a matsayin cibiyar bincike ga malamai, ma'aikata da ɗaliban jami'ar a lokacin.[1] Nonye ta kafa Healthy Living Foods Ltd, wanda aka fi sani da Royal Foods, kamfanin abinci da ke zaune a Burtaniya. Ta kasance manajan darakta na kamfanin ƙasa, Charles Frances Properties, tun daga shekara ta 2016. Ta kafa kungiyar 'yan tawaye mai zaman kanta, 'Rayuwa mai lafiya tare da Nonye Soludo Initiative'. A matsayinta na uwargidan shugaban kasa ta ci gaba da shirin kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta cancanta saboda kokarin da ta yi na inganta lafiyar jama'a ta kungiyar likitocin Najeriya. == Kula da muhalli == Shirin ta, Healthy Living with Nonye Soludo, yana inganta kiwon lafiya na rigakafi, abinci mai gina jiki, lafiya da tsabtace muhalli kuma yana inganta "al'adun sani" game da salon rayuwa mai alhakin, gami da rage sharar gida da karɓar halaye masu kyau, wanda ya dace da manufofin dorewar duniya kamar SDGs na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-15 |title=Home – Healthy Living With Nonye Soludo |url=https://healthylivingwithnonyesoludo.com/ |access-date=2025-11-25 |archive-date=2025-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250801052440/https://healthylivingwithnonyesoludo.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har ila yau, Tana jagorantar kamfen ɗin da ke ba da shawarar samar da kayan gona na kwayoyin halitta (GMOs), yana jaddada lafiyar ƙasa, adana bambancin halittu, da tsaron abinci a tsakiyar rikice-rikicen aikin gona da ke haifar da yanayi. Don wannan, ta nuna misali mai amfani ta hanyar samun lambun kayan lambu na kanta a Light House (gidan gwamnati a Awka). <ref>{{Cite web |last=starconnect |date=2025-07-31 |title=Celebrating First Lady with golden heart: Dr. Nonye Soludo at 55 – Starconnect Media |url=https://starconnectmedia.com/celebrating-first-lady-with-golden-heart-dr-nonye-soludo-at-55/ |access-date=2025-11-25 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == A watan Agustan 2025, an nada Nonye a matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa na Shekara don Kula da Lafiya da Taimako na Yara a taron bayar da kyaututtuka da mujallar Najeriya na 2025 da aka gudanar a Abuja. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2025 |title=Anambra's Nonye Soludo Wins 'Humanitarian First Lady' Award 2025 |url=https://leadership.ng/anambras-nonye-soludo-wins-humanitarian-first-lady-award-2025/ |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=Leadership News}}</ref> A shekara ta 2024, kungiyar 'yan jarida ta Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Mataimakin Gwamna a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndubuisi |first=Essential |date=1 October 2024 |title=Mrs. Nonye Soludo Wins NUJ Award for Most Supportive Governor's Wife in South-East Nigeria |url=https://iwitness.ng/mrs-nonye-soludo-wins-nuj-award-for-most-supportive-governors-wife-in-south-east-nigeria/ |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=iWitness News }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Nonye ta auri [[Charles Soludo|Gwamna Charles Soludo]] a 1992 yayin da take aiki a matsayin malami a Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka . Suna da 'ya'ya shida tare.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=31 July 1970 |title=Chukwunonyelum Frances Soludo - Igbo Genealogy And Biographies |url=https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/chukwunonyelum-frances-soludo/ |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=biography.igbopeople.org |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sorzvjj2wyab8rg8j3h9nch7415xs8z 0 146693 892781 889218 2026-08-08T07:57:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892781 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Dakta Olayemi Olajumoke Abiodun Oyebanji farfesa ce a Najeriya, malamar makaranta kuma 'yar siyasa. Ita ce Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa ta Jihar Ekiti a yanzu tun daga shekarar 2023 a matsayin matar gwamnan jihar, Biodun Oyebanji. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Ta fito ne daga Ado-Ewi a [[Ado-Ekiti|karamar hukumar Ado-Ekiti]] ta jihar Ekiti . <ref name="Ado">{{Cite web |date=5 February 2023 |title=God prepared me to become First Lady, Ekiti governor's wife Olayemi Oyebanji |url=https://punchng.com/god-prepared-me-to-become-first-lady-ekiti-govs-wife-olayemi-oyebanji/ |website=Punchng.com}}</ref> Ta halarci [[Jami'ar Ibadan]], inda ta haɗu da mijinta kuma ta kammala karatun digiri a fannin Gudanar da Ilimi daga baya ta koma Jami'ar Ibadan don koyarwa a matsayin malamar makaranta. Ta kuma sami digirin digirgir a fannin Gudanar da Ilimi. <ref name="Ado"/> <ref name="lecturer">{{Cite web |date=18 September 2023 |title=Dr Olayemi Oyebanji: A First Lady properly so-called |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/09/dr-olayemi-oyebanji-a-first-lady-properly-so-called/ |website=Vanguard Nigeria}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=My family has a long history with UI, says Ekiti State governor |url=https://ui.edu.ng/news/my-family-has-long-history-ui-says-ekiti-state-governor |access-date=25 March 2026}}</ref> Ta zama Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa lokacin da aka rantsar da mijinta a matsayin gwamnan Jihar Ekiti. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2022 |title=Ekiti State don officially swear in Biodun Oyebanji as Governor |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cw0qq78v82ro |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, ta ƙaddamar da wani aiki mai suna Zawarawa, Tsofaffi, Marayu da Marasa Gidaje (WAOH) a [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]], da kuma "Àdìre Èktì" don haɓaka samar da kayan [[Adire (ƙwarewar zane-zane)|Adire]] na gida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2024 |title=Ekiti First Lady launches widow screening for empowerment project |url=https://www.waohfoundation.org/blog_details.php?a=ekiti-first-lady-launches-widow-screening-for-empowerment-project |website=[https://www.waohfoundation.org WAOH Foundation] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2024 |title=Oyebanji's wife launches Àdìre Èkìtì Hub as 200 youths commence training |url=https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/archives/27899 |website=Ekiti State Government}}</ref> Ita kuma mai fafutukar [[Haƙƙoƙin Mata|kare haƙƙin mata]] ce wacce ta yi magana game da mahimmancin haɗakar mata, tallafawa lafiyar mata ga iyaye mata da kuma [[shayarwa]] ta musamman da kuma [[Yin allurar rigakafi|rigakafin]] farko ga jarirai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2026 |title=Empower women, build a stronger Nigeria - Oyebanji's wife |url=https://ekitipodium.com/2026/03/18/empower-women-build-a-stronger-nigeria-oyebanjis-wife/ |website=Ekiti Podium |access-date=27 March 2026 |archive-date=14 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260414125655/https://ekitipodium.com/2026/03/18/empower-women-build-a-stronger-nigeria-oyebanjis-wife/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2025 |title=Ekiti gov's wife awards 50 orphans scholarship, provides school supplies |url=https://punchng.com/ekiti-govs-wife-awards-50-orphans-scholarship-provides-school-supplies/ |website=The Punch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2026 |title=Ekiti First Lady beats drum for Breastfeeding, Immunisation to save newborns |url=https://www.stateofthestates.ng/2026/01/03/ekiti-first-lady-beats-drum-for-breastfeeding-immunisation-to-save-newborns/ |website=State of the States |access-date=27 March 2026 |archive-date=10 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260410084605/https://www.stateofthestates.ng/2026/01/03/ekiti-first-lady-beats-drum-for-breastfeeding-immunisation-to-save-newborns/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2024 |title=Oyebanji's wife canvasses exclusive breastfeeding, immunization |url=https://punchng.com/oyebanjis-wife-canvasses-exclusive-breastfeeding-immunisation/ |website=Punch Newspapers}}</ref> A matsayinta na Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa, ta tallafawa ci gaban al'umma a Jihar Ekiti ta hanyar bayar da gudummawa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2025 |title=Oyebanji donates school bus to school in Ekiti, harps on maintenance culture |url=http://newsanchorng.com/2025/03/12/oyebanji-donates-school-bus-to-school-in-ekiti-harps-on-maintenance-culture/ |website=City News }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2023 |title=Ekiti First Lady restates Ekiti Government's commitment to sports development |url=https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/archives/26159 |website=Ekiti State Government}}</ref> A halin yanzu babbar malamar jami'a ce a [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] . <ref name="lecturer"/> == Kyaututtuka == * Kyautar Fellowship ta Ƙungiyar Kula da Ilimi da Gudanarwa ta Najeriya (NAEAP) ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2024 |title=Ekiti First Lady, UI ex-VC Olayinka bag NAEAP fellowships |url=https://guardian.ng/news/ekiti-first-lady-ui-ex-vc-olayinka-bag-naeap-fellowships/ |website=The Guardian Nigerian News}}</ref> * 2026 Digirin Digiri a Jagoranci Dabaru da Gudanar da Albarkatun Jama'a. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 96tkbnpz2zkv9wh6ssz17ixdzzm6ii7 0 147410 892607 817760 2026-08-07T13:53:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892607 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:M.UGARTE.jpg|thumb|Manuel Ugarte]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Manuel Ugarte | full_name = Manuel Ugarte Ribeiro | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2001|4|11}} | birth_place = Montevideo, Uruguay | position = Defensive midfielder | currentclub = Paris Saint-Germain | clubnumber = 4 | youthyears1 = 2014–2016 | youthclubs1 = Fénix | years1 = 2016–2020 | clubs1 = Fénix | caps1 = 53 | goals1 = 2 | years2 = 2021–2023 | clubs2 = Sporting CP | caps2 = 56 | goals2 = 1 | years3 = 2023– | clubs3 = Paris Saint-Germain | caps3 = 25 | goals3 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2021– | nationalteam1 = Uruguay | nationalcaps1 = 18 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | club-update = 2024 | nationalteam-update = 2024 }} '''Manuel Ugarte Ribeiro''' (an haife shi 11 ga Afrilu, 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar Uruguay wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya mai kare baya (defensive midfielder) ga kulob din Paris Saint-Germain da kuma tawagar ƙasar Uruguay.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manuel Ugarte Profile |url=https://www.psg.fr/teams/first-team/squad/manuel-ugarte |publisher=Paris Saint-Germain |access-date=1 April 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Rayuwar Farko== An haifi Ugarte a birnin Montevideo na ƙasar Uruguay, inda ya taso yana sha’awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami. Ya fara buga wasa a makarantar matasa ta kulob din Fénix kafin ya fara taka leda a matakin manya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manuel Ugarte Biography |url=https://www.auf.org.uy |publisher=Uruguayan Football Association |access-date=1 April 2026}}</ref> ==Aikin Kulob== ===Fénix=== Ugarte ya fara taka leda a matakin manya tare da Fénix a shekarar 2016 yana da shekaru 15 kacal, lamarin da ya sanya shi cikin matasan ‘yan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da suka fara taka leda a gasar firimiyar Uruguay. Ya buga wasanni sama da 50 kafin ya bar kulob din.<ref>{{cite news |title=Young talent Ugarte shines at Fénix |url=https://www.tenfield.com.uy |publisher=Tenfield |access-date=1 April 2026}}</ref> ===Sporting CP=== A shekarar 2021, ya koma kulob din Sporting CP na ƙasar Portugal. A lokacin zamansa a can, ya taimaka wajen lashe kofuna ciki har da Taça da Liga Cup, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasa a tsakiyar fili saboda ƙwarewarsa wajen kwace ƙwallo da daidaita wasa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ugarte signs for Sporting CP |url=https://www.sporting.pt/en/news |publisher=Sporting CP |access-date=1 April 2026}}</ref> ===Paris Saint-Germain=== A shekarar 2023, Paris Saint-Germain ta saye shi kan kuɗi mai yawa domin ƙarfafa tsakiyar tawagarta. Ya fara taka rawa a gasar Ligue 1 da kuma gasar zakarun Turai (UEFA Champions League), inda ya nuna ƙwazo a bangaren tsaron tsakiya.<ref>{{cite web |title=PSG complete Ugarte transfer |url=https://www.ligue1.com |publisher=Ligue 1 |access-date=1 April 2026}}</ref> ==Aikin Ƙasa== Ugarte ya fara bugawa tawagar ƙasar Uruguay a shekarar 2021. Tun daga lokacin ya zama muhimmin ɓangare na tawagar, yana taka rawa a wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya da kuma Copa América.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manuel Ugarte International Career |url=https://www.fifa.com |publisher=FIFA |access-date=1 April 2026}}</ref> ==Salon Wasa== An san Ugarte da ƙwazo wajen kwace ƙwallo, karfin jiki, da iya rarraba wasa daga tsakiya. Yana taka rawa a matsayin mai kare baya a tsakiyar fili, yana taimakawa wajen dakile hare-haren abokan hamayya tare da fara kai hari daga baya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Ugarte is one of Europe’s best young midfielders |url=https://www.uefa.com |publisher=UEFA |access-date=1 April 2026}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:2001 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Uruguayan footballers]] [[Category:Uruguay international footballers]] [[Category:Sporting CP players]] [[Category:Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players]] [[Category:Association football midfielders]] 7dsm974pqnkzgd77vk8855b9qpye0u1 0 147452 892608 818100 2026-08-07T14:09:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892608 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Uzbekistan vs. Spain, 2024 Summer Olympic men's association football, 2024-07-24 (250) - Marc Pubill.jpg|thumb|Marc Pubill]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Marc Pubill | full_name = Marc Pubill Pagès | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2003|6|20}} | birth_place = Terrassa, Spain | position = Right-back | currentclub = Almería | clubnumber = 18 | youthyears1 = 2010–2019 | youthclubs1 = Espanyol | youthyears2 = 2019–2020 | youthclubs2 = Manresa | youthyears3 = 2020–2021 | youthclubs3 = Levante | years1 = 2021–2023 | clubs1 = Levante B | caps1 = 43 | goals1 = 2 | years2 = 2021–2023 | clubs2 = Levante | caps2 = 11 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2023– | clubs3 = Almería | caps3 = 30 | goals3 = 1 | nationalyears1 = 2023– | nationalteam1 = Spain U21 | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | club-update = 2024 | nationalteam-update = 2024 }} '''Marc Pubill Pagès''' (an haife shi 20 ga Yuni 2003) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar [[Spain]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan baya na dama (right-back) a kulob ɗin [[UD Almería]] a gasar [[La Liga]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marc Pubill profile |url=https://www.udalmeriasad.com/jugador/pubill |publisher=UD Almería }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Marc Pubill a garin Terrassa na ƙasar Spain. Ya fara taka leda tun yana ƙarami a makarantar horas da matasa ta [[RCD Espanyol]] kafin ya wuce zuwa Manresa, sannan daga bisani ya koma makarantar horas da matasa ta [[Levante UD]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marc Pubill - Levante youth career |url=https://www.levanteud.com |publisher=Levante UD}}</ref> == Aikin Kulob == === Levante === Pubill ya fara taka leda a ƙungiyar manya ta [[Levante UD]] a shekarar 2021 bayan ya taka rawar gani a Levante B. Ya buga wasanni a gasar La Liga kafin ƙungiyar ta sauka zuwa Segunda División.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marc Pubill makes Levante debut |url=https://www.laliga.com |publisher=La Liga}}</ref> === Almería === A shekarar 2023, Pubill ya koma [[UD Almería]] domin ƙarfafa bangaren tsaron baya na dama. Ya zama muhimmin ɗan wasa a ƙungiyar, inda ya riƙa fitowa akai-akai a wasannin La Liga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Almería sign Marc Pubill |url=https://www.udalmeriasad.com |publisher=UD Almería}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙasa == Pubill ya wakilci ƙasar [[Spain national under-21 football team|Spain U21]] tun daga shekarar 2023, inda ya taka rawa a wasannin neman gurbin shiga manyan gasa na Turai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marc Pubill - Spain U21 |url=https://rfef.es |publisher=Royal Spanish Football Federation}}</ref> == Salon Wasansa == Marc Pubill ɗan baya ne mai tsayi da ƙarfi, wanda ke da iya kai hari daga gefe tare da bayar da gudummawa a ɓangaren tsaro. Ana yabonsa saboda saurin sa da kuma iya kai ƙwallo cikin akwatin abokan hamayya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marc Pubill scouting report |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com |publisher=Transfermarkt}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2003 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Spanish footballers]] [[Category:Association football defenders]] [[Category:UD Almería players]] [[Category:Levante UD footballers]] [[Category:La Liga players]] q6rtvk6wsve4ngrxuyf8lg1f1m5mp1l 0 147981 892794 820400 2026-08-08T08:57:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Motar Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle''' ( '''MPCV''' ) wani jirgin sama ne mai amfani da iskar gas da NASA ke amfani da shi don shirin binciken duniyar wata na Artemis . Ya ƙunshi tsarin ma'aikata (CM), wani kapsul na sararin samaniya da Lockheed Martin ya gina, kuma an haɗa shi da Tsarin Sabis na Turai (ESM) wanda Hukumar Sararin Samaniya ta Turai (ESA) ta samar kuma Airbus Defence and Space ta ƙera. Orion tana tallafawa ma'aikata huɗu a bayan sararin samaniya na ƙasa har zuwa kwanaki 21 ba tare da an buɗe shi ba ko kuma har zuwa watanni shida idan an sanya shi a tashar jiragen ruwa. An sanye shi da tashar jiragen ruwa ta NASA Docking System da nunin gilashin cockpit . An yi niyyar harba shi a saman rokar Space Launch System (SLS) tare da tsarin tserewa da aka ɗora a hasumiya. An ƙirƙiro Orion a farkon shekarun 2000 ta hannun Lockheed Martin a matsayin shawara don amfani da Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) a cikin shirin NASA na Constellation kuma NASA ta zaɓe shi a shekarar 2006. Bayan soke shirin Constellation a shekarar 2010, an sake tsara Orion sosai don amfani da shi a cikin shirin NASA na Tafiya zuwa Mars; daga baya aka sanya masa suna Moon zuwa Mars. SLS ya zama babban motar harbawa ta Orion, kuma an maye gurbin sashin sabis ɗin da ƙira bisa ga Motar Canja wurin Kai tsaye ta ESA. {{As of|2026}} three flight-worthy vehicles had been built along with several [[Boilerplate (spaceflight)|boilerplates]] and [[Test article (aerospace)|test articles]]. Three additional flight-worthy vehicles are under construction. A watan Mayun 2025, gwamnatin Trump ta biyu ta gabatar da shawarar dakatar da shirin jirgin sama na Orion bayan Artemis III. Dokar Daya Mai Kyau Mai Girma da aka sanya wa hannu a watan Yulin 2025 ta kunshi tanadin samar da kudin sayen Orion don Artemis IV da kuma sake amfani da shi a ayyukan da za a yi nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 4, 2025 |title=One Big Beautiful Bill Act |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text/pl |access-date=January 18, 2026 |website=Public Law 119–21 |publisher=119th United States Congress |at=139 Stat. 134 (SEC. 40005, appropriations for SLS, Orion, and Artemis Missions IV and V)}}</ref> == Bayani == [[Fayil:Cev_design.jpg|thumb|Tsarin jirgin saman Orion. Kapsul ɗin da aka nuna a hoton sigar farko ce ta ƙirar Orion.]] [[Fayil:Orioncm.jpg|thumb|Module ɗin ma'aikatan jirgin]] [[Fayil:Spaceships.svg|thumb|Jiragen sama masu aiki a halin yanzu (aƙalla ajin kewayawa)]] [[Fayil:Orion_Spacecraft.stl|alt=Interactive 3D models of the spacecraft, with the spacecraft on the right in exploded view.|thumb|Tsarin Orion mai hulɗa na 3D, tare da sararin samaniyar da aka haɗa gaba ɗaya a hagu da kuma cikin yanayin fashewa a dama]] Orion yana amfani da tsari iri ɗaya kamar tsarin umarni da sabis na Apollo (CSM) wanda ya fara kai 'yan sama jannati zuwa Wata, amma tare da ƙarin diamita, tsarin kariya ta zafi da aka sabunta, da sauran fasahohin zamani. An tsara shi don tallafawa ayyukan zurfin sararin samaniya na dogon lokaci tare da har zuwa kwanaki 21 na lokacin ma'aikata masu aiki tare da rayuwar jirgin sama mai natsuwa na watanni 6. [1] A lokacin kwanciyar hankali, wani sashi zai samar da tallafin rayuwar ma'aikatan jirgin ta hanyar wani sashi, kamar yadda aka tsara Ƙofar Lunar . Ana iya haɓaka tallafin rayuwar jirgin sama, turawa, kariyar zafi, da tsarin avionics yayin da sabbin fasahohi ke samuwa. A lokacin ƙaddamar da jirgin, jirgin saman Orion ya ƙunshi duka ma'aikatan jirgin da na sabis, adaftar jirgin sama da kuma tsarin dakatar da saukar jiragen sama na gaggawa. Tsarin ma'aikatan jirgin ' ya fi na Apollo girma kuma zai iya tallafawa ƙarin ma'aikatan jirgin don ayyukan gajere ko na dogon lokaci. Tsarin sabis na Turai yana turawa da kuma ƙarfafa jirgin sama tare da adana iskar oxygen da ruwa ga 'yan saman jannati. Orion ya dogara ne akan makamashin rana maimakon ƙwayoyin mai, wanda ke ba da damar yin ayyuka masu tsawo. === Module ɗin ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa (CM) === [[Fayil:The_Artemis_II_crew_completing_Post_Insertion_and_Deorbit_Preparation_training_(jsc2025e004086).jpg|thumb|Ma'aikatan Artemis II suna atisaye a cikin wani gwaji na Orion a watan Janairu{{Spaces}}2025]] [[Fayil:Orion_Spacecraft_Outfitted_Interior_2021_(labeled).jpg|thumb|Hoton da aka yi wa lakabi da Orion, wanda aka yi masa ado don kwaikwayon aikin da aka yi wa ma'aikata, 2021]] [[Fayil:NASA's_Orion_Spacecraft_Parachutes_Tested_at_U.S._Army_Yuma_Proving_Ground.jpg|thumb|Gwajin tsarin parachute na Orion]] [[Fayil:Orion_PA-1_paint_job.jpg|thumb|Samfurin Module na Orion Crew ( Cibiyar Binciken Jiragen Sama ta Neil A. Armstrong )]] Module ɗin ƙungiyar Orion (CM) wani kapsul ne na jigilar kaya da za a iya sake amfani da shi wanda ke samar da wurin zama ga ma'aikatan jirgin, yana ba da wurin ajiya ga abubuwan amfani da kayan bincike, kuma yana ɗauke da tashar jiragen ruwa don canja wurin ma'aikatan jirgin. {{R|Space.com1}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=NASA – A 21st Century-Style Return to the Moon |url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/orion/21st_century_style_return_to_the_moon.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905232237/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/orion/21st_century_style_return_to_the_moon.html |archive-date=September 5, 2017 |access-date=June 3, 2018 |website=nasa.gov}}</ref> {{R|NSF-20141030}} Module ɗin ma'aikatan jirgin shine kawai ɓangaren jirgin da ke dawowa Duniya bayan kowane aiki kuma yana da siffar frustum 57.5° tare da ƙarshensa mai santsi, {{Convert|5.02|m|ftin}} a diamita da {{Convert|3.3|m|ftin}} tsayi, tare da nauyin kimanin {{Convert|8.5|MT|lb}} . Kamfanin Lockheed Martin ne ke kera shi a Michoud Assembly Facility da ke [[New Orleans]], Louisiana. <ref name="LaNasaMichoud2021">{{Cite web |last=LaNasa |first=Shannon |date=2021 |title=Michoud Tenants: Lockheed Martin |url=https://mafspace.msfc.nasa.gov/current-tenants/lockheed-martin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318002450/https://mafspace.msfc.nasa.gov/current-tenants/lockheed-martin/ |archive-date=March 18, 2021 |access-date=June 27, 2021 |website=[[Marshall Space Flight Center]] |publisher=NASA}}</ref> <ref name="WGNO2021">{{Cite web |last=Cristina |first=Victoria |date=April 26, 2021 |title=Behind the scenes at NASA Michoud: Assembly of the Orion Crew Modules |url=https://wgno.com/news/louisiana/behind-the-scenes-at-nasa-michoud-assembly-of-the-orion-crew-modules/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116144839/https://wgno.com/news/louisiana/behind-the-scenes-at-nasa-michoud-assembly-of-the-orion-crew-modules/ |archive-date=November 16, 2022 |access-date=February 12, 2022 |website=WGNO |publisher=Nexstar Media Group}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=NASA_Orion}}</ref> Yana da girma fiye da na Apollo capsule da kashi 50% kuma zai ɗauki 'yan sama jannati huɗu. Bayan nazari mai zurfi, NASA ta zaɓi tsarin ablator na Avcoat don samar da kariya daga zafi da aka samu yayin sake shiga cikin ƙungiyar Orion crew module. Avcoat, wanda ya ƙunshi zaruruwan silica tare da resin a cikin zumar zuma da aka yi da fiberglass da phenolic resin, an yi amfani da shi a baya a ayyukan Apollo da kuma a kan sararin samaniya na Space Shuttle don tashi da wuri. CM yana amfani da tsarin sarrafa dijital na gilashin cockpit da aka samo daga na Boeing 787. Ya haɗa da fasalin "autodock", kamar na Progress, Automatic Transfer Vehicle, da Dragon 2, tare da tanadi ga ma'aikatan jirgin don karɓar iko a cikin gaggawa. Yana da wuraren sarrafa sharar gida, tare da ƙaramin bayan gida mai kama da sansani da kuma "bututun taimako" na unisex da ake amfani da shi a kan Sararin Samaniya. Yana da nitrogen/oxygen ( N2 / O2 ) yanayi mai gauraya a matakin teku ( {{Convert|101.3|kPa|psi}} ) ko kuma ragewa ( {{Convert|55.2|to|70.3|kPa|psi}} ) matsin lamba. [[Fayil:10_Days_in_Orion_02m_00s.png|thumb|Na'urar motsa jiki ta Orion's flywheel]] CM ɗin ya haɗa da ƙaramin na'urar motsa jiki mai amfani da ƙafafun tashi da 'yan sama jannati ke amfani da su yayin tashi don yin atisayen motsa jiki na aerobic da juriya . Tsarin yana amfani da hanyar da kebul ke amfani da ita don samar da juriya mai daidaitawa yayin da yake biyan ƙa'idodin nauyi da girma na jirgin sama. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-02 |title=Artemis II Flight Day 2: Orion Completes TLI Burn, Crew Begins Journey to the Moon |url=https://www.nasa.gov/blogs/missions/2026/04/02/artemis-ii-flight-day-2-orion-completes-tli-burn-crew-begins-journey-to-the-moon/ |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hanson |first=Mike |date=2026-04-03 |title=Artemis II crew space moon mission |url=https://www.wesh.com/article/artemis-ii-crew-space-moon-mission/70927464 |access-date=2026-04-09 |publisher=[[WESH]]}}</ref> An gina CM ɗin ne da ƙarfe na aluminum-lithium . Parachutes ɗin da za a iya sake amfani da su sun dogara ne akan parachutes da aka yi amfani da su akan jirgin saman Apollo da Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters, kuma an gina su da zane na Nomex . Saukar ruwa ita ce hanya ta musamman ta dawo da Orion CM. {{R|NSF-20070805}} <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 6, 2007 |title=NASA Denies Making Orion Water Landing Decision – and Deleting Touchdowns on Land |url=http://nasawatch.com/archives/2007/08/nasa-denies-making-orion-water-landing-decision---and-deleting-touchdowns-on-land.html |access-date=November 23, 2010 |publisher=NASA Watch }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Domin baiwa Orion damar yin mu'amala da wasu motoci, za a sanya masa na'urar sanyaya daki ta NASA . Jirgin saman yana amfani da tsarin dakatar da jirage (LAS) tare da "Murfin Kariya Mai Ƙarawa" (wanda aka yi da fiberglass ), don kare Orion CM daga matsin lamba na iska da kuma tasirin da ke faruwa a lokacin farko. na hawan. An tsara Orion don ya fi aminci sau 10 yayin hawan da dawowa fiye da [[Space Shuttle|Jirgin Saman Sararin Samaniya]] . <ref name="decision">{{Cite web |date=May 24, 2011 |title=NASA Announces Key Decision For Next Deep Space Transportation System |url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2011/may/HQ_11-164_MPCV_Decision.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915182112/http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2011/may/HQ_11-164_MPCV_Decision.html |archive-date=September 15, 2016 |access-date=May 25, 2011 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref> An tsara CM ɗin don a gyara shi kuma a sake amfani da shi. Bugu da ƙari, an tsara dukkan sassan Orion don su kasance masu sassauƙa gwargwadon iko, don haka tsakanin gwajin farko na jirgin a 2014 da kuma hasashen tafiyarsa ta Mars a 2030s, za a iya haɓaka jirgin saman yayin da sabbin fasahohi ke samuwa. {{R|Space.com1}} Ya zuwa shekarar 2019, ana shirin amfani da na'urar sa ido ta sararin samaniya a cikin Orion CM. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=Denise |date=July 23, 2019 |title=S.A.M. Goes to Work Aboard ISS |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasas-spacecraft-atmosphere-monitor-goes-to-work-aboard-the-international-space-station |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107234201/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasas-spacecraft-atmosphere-monitor-goes-to-work-aboard-the-international-space-station/ |archive-date=November 7, 2020 |access-date=July 31, 2019 |website=NASA}}</ref> === Tsarin Sabis na Turai (ESM) ===   [[Fayil:Orion_Service_Module.jpg|thumb|Ra'ayin mai zane game da jirgin sama na Orion wanda ya haɗa da Tsarin Sabis na Turai tare da Matsayi na Upper Cryogenic na wucin gadi a baya]] A watan Mayun 2011, babban daraktan ESA ya sanar da yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa da NASA don yin aiki kan wanda zai maye gurbin Motar Canja wurin Aiki ta atomatik (ATV). <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 5, 2011 |title=US and Europe plan new spaceship |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13286238 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506062354/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13286238 |archive-date=May 6, 2011 |access-date=May 14, 2011 |website=BBC News}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2012, an bayyana bincike biyu da Astrium ta yi a bainar jama'a. Na farko ya duba yiwuwar gina wani tsarin sabis wanda za a yi amfani da shi tare da Orion CM. {{R|SFN-20120621}} Na biyu ya binciki yiwuwar samar da wata motar orbital mai amfani da yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 21, 2012 |title=Airbus Defence and Space awarded two ATV evolution studies from ESA |url=http://www.astrium.eads.net/en/press_centre/astrium-awarded-two-atv-evolution-studies-from-esa.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403045627/http://www.astrium.eads.net/en/press_centre/astrium-awarded-two-atv-evolution-studies-from-esa.html |archive-date=April 3, 2013 |access-date=June 23, 2012 |publisher=Astrium}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 2012, ESA ta yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar wani tsarin sabis na ATV daga Orion. {{R|NSF-20121121}} Kamfanin Airbus Defence and Space da ke [[Bremen]], Jamus ne ke kera wannan tsarin sabis. <ref name="AirbusBremen">{{Cite web |title=Multi Purpose Crew Vehicle – European Service Module for NASA's Orion programme |url=http://www.space-airbusds.com/en/programmes/mpcv-esm-v15.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306195325/http://www.space-airbusds.com/en/programmes/mpcv-esm-v15.html |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |access-date=March 7, 2016 |publisher=Airbus Defence and Space}}</ref> NASA ta sanar a ranar 16 ga Janairu, 2013 cewa tsarin sabis na ESA zai fara tashi da Artemis I, farkon ƙaddamar da Tsarin ƙaddamar da Sararin Samaniya. <ref name="osm">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=January 16, 2013 |title=NASA Signs Agreement for a European-Provided Orion Service Module |url=http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/mpcv/orion_feature_011613.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328093836/http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/mpcv/orion_feature_011613.html |archive-date=March 28, 2014 |access-date=March 28, 2014 |website=nasa.gov}}</ref> An fara gwajin tsarin sabis na Turai a watan Fabrairun 2016, a Cibiyar Wutar Lantarki ta Sararin Samaniya . {{R|NSF-20151201}} A ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 2017, an sanya hannu kan kwangilar Yuro miliyan 200 tsakanin Airbus da Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Turai don samar da wani sashe na biyu na sabis na Turai don amfani a cikin jirgin farko na Orion, Artemis II . A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 2018, an haɗa na'urar farko ta Artemis I gaba ɗaya a masana'antar Airbus Defence and Space da ke Bremen, Jamus. <ref name="ESABremen2018">{{Cite web |date=October 26, 2018 |title=Call for media: The European Service module meets Orion |url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Orion/Call_for_media_The_European_Service_Module_meets_Orion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206225704/https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Orion/Call_for_media_The_European_Service_Module_meets_Orion |archive-date=February 6, 2020 |access-date=February 6, 2020 |website=European Space Agency}}</ref> === Kaddamar da Tsarin Kashewa (LAS) === Idan aka sami gaggawa a kan faifan harbawa ko kuma yayin hawa, Tsarin Hana Fasawa (LAS) zai raba tsarin ma'aikatan jirgin daga motar harbawa ta amfani da injunan roka guda uku masu ƙarfi : motar hana fasawa (AM), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mission to the Moon: How We'll Go Back – and Stay This Time |url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/air_space/4212906.html?page=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080203071538/http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/air_space/4212906.html?page=2 |archive-date=February 3, 2008 |access-date=February 8, 2008 |publisher=popularmechanics.com}}</ref> motar sarrafa hali (ACM), da kuma motar jettison (JM). AM tana samar da ƙarfin da ake buƙata don hanzarta kapsul ɗin, yayin da ake amfani da ACM don nuna AM <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mika McKinnon |date=December 4, 2014 |title=Meet Orion, NASA's New Deep Space Explorer |url=http://space.io9.com/meet-orion-nasas-new-deep-space-explorer-1663858997 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108222604/http://space.io9.com/meet-orion-nasas-new-deep-space-explorer-1663858997 |archive-date=November 8, 2015 |access-date=October 31, 2016 |website=Earth & Space |publisher=Space.io9.com}}</ref> kuma motar jettison tana raba LAS da kapsul ɗin ma'aikatan jirgin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Launch Abort System Jettison Motor &#124; Aerojet Rocketdyne |url=http://www.rocket.com/launch-abort-system-jettison-motor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125155546/http://www.rocket.com/launch-abort-system-jettison-motor |archive-date=January 25, 2016 |access-date=October 31, 2016 |publisher=Rocket.com}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Yuli, 2007, Orbital Sciences, babban mai kwangilar LAS, ya ba Alliant Techsystems (ATK) ƙaramin kwangila na dala miliyan 62.5 don "ƙirƙira, haɓakawa, samarwa, gwadawa da isar da motar hana fasawa," wanda ke amfani da ƙirar "juyawa". A ranar 9 ga Yuli, 2008, NASA ta sanar da cewa ATK ta kammala gina wurin gwaji a tsaye a wani wuri da ke Promontory, Utah don gwada injunan hana fasawa don jirgin saman Orion. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Orion's New Launch Abort Motor Test Stand Ready for Action |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/orion/H-08-137.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604223925/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/orion/H-08-137.html |archive-date=June 4, 2011 |access-date=January 5, 2012 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> Wani ɗan kwangilar injinan sararin samaniya na dogon lokaci, Aerojet, an ba shi kwangilar ƙira da haɓaka motar jettison don LAS. Ya zuwa watan Satumba na 2008, Aerojet, tare da membobin ƙungiyar Orbital Sciences, Lockheed Martin da NASA, sun yi nasarar nuna gwajin gwaji guda biyu na injin jettison. Ana amfani da wannan injin a kowane jirgin sama, domin yana raba LAS da motar bayan nasarar harbawa da kuma dakatarwar harbawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rhian |first=Jason |date=July 17, 2018 |title=Jettison Motor Readied For Integration Into Orion's LAS |url=https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/human-spaceflight/jettison-motor-readied-for-integration-into-orions-las/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701231707/https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/human-spaceflight/jettison-motor-readied-for-integration-into-orions-las/ |archive-date=July 1, 2019 |access-date=July 1, 2019 |website=spaceflightinsider.com |publisher=Spaceflight Insider |language=en |quote=The jettison motor separates the LAS from the Orion capsule on its way to orbit.}}</ref> === Kayayyakin da kuma aikin jirgin sama na sararin samaniya === Da sanarwar da aka fitar a shekarar 2019 game da niyyar samar da Tsarin Saukar Dan Adam don ayyukan Artemis, NASA ta samar da ƙimar ƙarfin ƙarfin Orion da ƙarfin turawa. Bayan rabuwa da matakin SLS na sama, ana sa ran Orion zai sami nauyin {{Cvt|26,375|kg}} kuma suna iya yin motsa jiki da ke buƙatar har zuwa {{Cvt|1,050|m/s|ft/s|0}} na delta-v . <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2019 |title=NextSTEP-2 Appendix H, Attachment F: Human Landing System to Orion Interface Requirements Document (HLS-IRD-005) |url=https://sam.gov/opp/d5460a204ab23cc0035c088dcc580d17/view |publisher=NASA}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ===manazarta=== 9g6aedmq714dkp5n10ksix40dvdtgep 0 150232 892695 862651 2026-08-07T21:52:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dimitrios "Mimis" Papaioannou''' (Girkanci: ; 17 ga Nuwamba 1942 - 15 ga Maris 2023) ya kasance ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Girka, wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai gaba, galibi ga AEK Athens da kuma manajan. An dauke shi a matsayin babban [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|dan wasan kwallon kafa]] na Girka na ƙarni kuma daya daga cikin 'yan wasa mafi kyau a kowane lokaci a Girka, yayin da IFFHS ta kira shi dan wasan kwallon ƙafa mafi kyau na Girka a karni na 20. <ref name="IFFHS">{{Cite web |date=23 December 2000 |title=Μετάλλια και παρεξηγήσεις |trans-title=en:Medals and misunderstandings |url=https://www.tanea.gr/2000/12/23/sports/metallia-kai-pareksigiseis/ |website=tanea.gr |language=el}}</ref> Papaioannou, ƙwararren ɗan wasan gaba wanda daga baya aka mayar da shi ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari, saboda ƙwarewarsa ta fasaha, an san shi da dabarunsa, iyawar dribbling, ƙarfin jiki, iyawa a kammala wasansa da kuma ƙwarewar tsalle-tsalle wanda ya ba shi damar zama a sararin sama fiye da abokan hamayyarsa. A tsawon aikinsa na wasa, Papaioannou ba a taɓa nuna masa ko da jan kati ba, yayin da aka yi masa katin rawaya sau uku kacal. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Μίμης Παπαιωάννου |trans-title=en:Mimis Papaioannou |url=https://www.snf.org/media/213801/242.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506064252/https://www.snf.org/media/213801/242.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2021 |access-date=3 August 2022 |website=snf.org}}</ref> Papaioannou ya buga wa AEK wasa na tsawon shekaru 17 kuma ya lashe kofuna biyar na lig da Kofin Girka uku, gami da double na gida a 1978. Shi ne ɗan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a ƙungiyar kuma lokacin da ya bar AEK shi ma shi ne ɗan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar Girka, amma a yau yana matsayi na uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2020 |title=60 χρόνια Α' Εθνική: Οι πρώτοι σκόρερ όλων των εποχών |trans-title=en:60 years of Alpha Ethniki: The top scorers of all time |url=https://sport365.gr/60-chronia-a-ethniki-oi-protoi-skorer-olon-ton-epochon/ |language=el}}</ref> Shi ne ɗan wasan AEK wanda ya fi kowa zura kwallaye a duk gasa kuma na farko a wasannin lig. Laƙabinsa shine " Vlach " ( Greek ), saboda asalin iyalinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2023 |title=Μίμης Παπαϊωάννου 1942 - 2023: Αν είναι να πνιγείς, κάν' το σε μεγάλο ποτάμι |trans-title=en:Mimis Papaioannou 1942 - 2023: If you have to drown, do it in a big river |url=https://www.athensvoice.gr/epikairotita/athlitismos/793466/mimis-papaioannou-1942-2023-an-einai-na-pnigeis-kan-to-se-megalo-potami/ |website=athensvoice.gr |language=el}}</ref> A cikin aikinsa na ƙasa da ƙasa, Papaioannou yana cikin ƙungiyar sojojin Girka da ta lashe Kofin Soja na Duniya a 1962 da 1963. Tare da Girka, ya yi wasanni 61 kuma ya zira kwallaye 21, inda ya zama babban mai zira kwallaye har zuwa 1986 kuma yanzu shi ne na 5 a jerin waɗanda suka fi zira kwallaye a tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Greece - Record International Players |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/grk-recintlp.html |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, IFFHS ta kuma zaɓe shi a cikin mafi kyawun 'yan wasa goma sha ɗaya na Girka a kowane lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2021 |title=IFFHS MEN'S ALL TIME GREECE DREAM TEAM |url=https://iffhs.com/posts/1405 |website=IFFHS.com |access-date=9 May 2026 |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130110654/https://iffhs.com/posts/1405 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 1982, Papaioannou, ya zama manaja a New York Pancyprian-Freedoms, inda ya lashe gasar da kuma Kofin, inda ya lashe kofuna biyu na gida. <ref name="US">{{Cite web |date=26 September 2018 |title=1983 US Open Cup Final: The first time Houston hosted US Soccer's championship game |url=https://thecup.us/2018/09/26/1983-us-open-cup-final-the-first-time-houston-hosted-us-soccers-championship-game/ |website=thecup.us}}</ref> Daga 1986 zuwa 1991, ya jagoranci Kerkyra, Edessaikos, Olympiacos Chalkida, AE Kos da Pannafpliakos . A shekarar 1991, ya horar da kulob din Evgeros na gida a Kefalonia na tsawon kakar wasa. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin Alketas Panagoulias a benci na Girka na tsawon shekaru 2. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Papaioannou a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 1942 a Nea Nikomideia na Imathia . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Η γλυκιά ιστορία του Μίμη Παπαϊωάννου και το... πικρό τέλος |trans-title=en:The sweet story of Mimis Papaioannou and the... bitter end |url=https://www.newsbreak.gr/stories/448779/i-glykia-istoria-toy-mimi-papaioannoy-kai-to-pikro-telos/ |website=newsbreak.gr |language=el}}</ref> Mahaifinsa, Kostas shine mai kula da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta gida Nea Genea, don haka matashin Papaioannou ya fara hulɗa da ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami. Hazakarsa ta ƙwallon ƙafa ta fara haskakawa tun daga farko, yayin da ƙaunarsa ga wasan ba ta da tabbas. Son ƙwallon ƙafa da matsalolin kuɗi na iyalinsa sun tilasta masa barin makaranta da wuri kuma ya raba lokacinsa tsakanin filin wasa da shagon aski na ƙauyen, inda yake aiki a matsayin mataimaki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Μίμης Παπαϊωάννου: Δέκα μικρές ιστορίες για έναν μεγάλο ποδοσφαιριστή |trans-title=en:Mimis Papaioannou: Ten small stories for a big footballer |url=https://www.protothema.gr/sports/article/1350145/mimis-papaioannou-deka-mikres-istories-gia-enan-megalo-podosfairisti/ |website=protothema.gr |language=el}}</ref> <ref name="aekpedia">{{Cite web |title=Μίμης Παπαϊωάννου |trans-title=en:Mimis Papaioannou |url=http://www.aekpedia.com/2015/05/24/mimis-papaioannou/ |website=aekpedia.com |language=el}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Yana da shekaru 15, ya shiga Nea Genea kuma ya buga wasan kai hari a ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Μίμης Παπαϊωάννου: Το «τοτέμ» της ΑΕΚ, ο θρύλος του ελληνικού ποδοσφαίρου, ο καλύτερος Έλληνας ποδοσφαιριστής του 20ου αιώνα... |trans-title=en:Mimis Papaioannou: The «totem» of AEK, the legend of Greek football, the best Greek player of the 20th century... |url=https://www.bnsports.gr/retro-stories/articles/657988/mimis-papaioannou-to-totem-tis-aek-o-thrylos-tou-ellinikoy-podosfairou-o-kalyteros-ellinas-podosfairistis-tou-20ou-aiona-video |website=bnsports.gr |language=el}}</ref> Sunansa da ƙwarewarsa sun bazu cikin sauri a babban birnin lardin da kuma jami'an Veria . Don haka a shekarar 1959, Papaioannou mai shekaru 17 daga ƙarshe aka mayar da shi wurinsu. A wannan lokacin, manajan PAOK, Žarko Mihajlović ya zaɓe shi, tare da wasu matasa daga Arewacin Girka waɗanda ba su da kwangila da ƙungiyar, don wakiltar makarantar horar da 'yan wasan ƙungiyar a gasar matasa ta Viareggio . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ο Μίμης Παπαϊωάννου "φόρεσε" τη φανέλα του ΠΑΟΚ πριν της ΑΕΚ |trans-title=en:Mimis Papaioannou "wore" the shirt of PAOK before AEK |url=https://www.metrosport.gr/33-1679050843-th8mzhtf9w-738345 |website=metrosport.gr |language=el}}</ref> Bayyanarsa ga "Sarauniyar Arewa" ya jawo hankalin manyan ƙungiyoyin Thessaloniki, har ma da manajan AEK Athens na lokacin, [[Tryfon Tzanetis]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=31 July 1999 |title=ΜΙΜΗΣ ΠΑΠΑΪΩΑΝΝΟΥ Θέλησα να φύγω με το κεφάλι ψηλά |trans-title=en:MIMIS PAPAIOANNOU I wanted to leave with my head held high |url=https://www.tanea.gr/1999/07/31/sports/mimis-papaiwannoy-thelisa-na-fygw-me-to-kefali-psila/}}</ref> Tayin ƙungiyoyin Thessaloniki bai cika buƙatun Veria ba, inda aka kasa canja wurinsa zuwa PAOK saboda bambancin drachmas 20,000. A shekarar 1961, Tzanetis ya ba da shawara kuma ya shawo kan shugaban AEK, Nikos Goumas da ya bayar da drachma 175,000 ga ƙungiyar da kuma drachma 25,000 ga ɗan wasan mai shekaru 19 don canja wurinsa zuwa ƙungiyarsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Η ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ ΜΑΣ |trans-title=en:OUR HISTORY |url=https://www.aekfc.gr/hp/i-istoria-mas-42825.htm?lang=el&path=-234507649 |website=aekfc.gr |language=el}}</ref> Matashin ɗan wasan gaba wanda asalinsa ɗan gudun hijira ne ya yi shakka, domin a gefe guda akwai tausayinsa na wasanni ga Arewacin Girka, PAOK da maƙwabciyarsa zuwa Thessaloniki, yayin da a gefe guda kuma akwai babban sunan AEK Athens kuma kuɗin da aka ba shi ya fi buƙatar iyalinsa nan take, tare da buƙatar komawarsa [[Athens]] mai nisa. Daga ƙarshe bayan shawarar shugaban Veria, Kostas Vorgiatzidis, Papaioannou ya zaɓi ƙungiyar Athens. <ref name="aekpedia"/> === AEK Athens === ==== 1962–1963 ==== A lokacin bazara na 1962, Papaioannou mai shekaru 20 ya sanya rigar launin rawaya mai launin baƙi, inda ya fara wani wasa mai mahimmanci na shekaru 17 wanda zai ɗaga shi zuwa ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa a tarihin AEK Athens. Shi ne ɗan wasan da AEK ke neman ya haɗu da Kostas Nestoridis kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyar wajen lashe gasar lig. Tare da "Nestoras" sun kafa manyan 'yan wasan gaba biyu masu ban mamaki waɗanda suka yi wa masu tsaron baya na gaba illa. A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 1962, ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a wasansa na farko a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 7-2 a kan Egaleo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2019 |title=Ο άγνωστος Παλαιστίνιος που ήταν ο πρώτος ξένος στην ιστορία της ΑΕΚ |trans-title=en:The unknown Palestinian who was the first foreigner in the history of AEK |url=https://www.newsbeast.gr/sports/arthro/5334675/o-agnostos-palaistinios-poy-itan-o-protos-xenos-stin-istoria-tis-aek |website=newsbeast.gr |language=el}}</ref> Ya zura ƙwallo a wasan derby da Olympiacos a filin wasa na Karaiskakis, a wasan da suka tashi da ci 3-1 a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1962, <ref>{{Cite web |title=23/12/1962 Ολυμπιακός - ΑΕΚ 1-3 |trans-title=en:23/12/1962 Olympiacos - AEK 1-3 |url=https://www.aektoday.com/23-dekembriou/495-23-12-1962-olympiakos-aek-1-3 |website=aektoday.com |access-date=2026-05-09 |archive-date=2022-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719143516/https://www.aektoday.com/23-dekembriou/495-23-12-1962-olympiakos-aek-1-3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> yayin da shi ma ya zura ƙwallo a wasa ɗaya na zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2020 |title=Γιατί πάντα η ΑΕΚ τους τιμωρούσε |trans-title=en:Because AEK always punished them |url=https://www.enwsi.gr/498227/retro-aek/giati-panta-aek-tous-timorouse-video.html |website=enwsi.gr |language=el}}</ref> A ƙarshen kakar wasa, AEK ta yi kunnen doki a matsayi na farko tare da Panathinaikos kuma an yi wa gasar hukunci a wasan share fage a ranar 23 ga Yuni 1963. Papaioannou ya ci kwallaye biyu, Nestoridis shi ma ya ci kwallo daga bugun kusurwa kai tsaye, kuma bayan an tashi kunnen doki 3-3 bisa ga ƙa'idojin lokacin, an ba wa ƙungiyar da ta fi kowacce yawan kwallaye a kakar wasa ta yau da kullun. Kwallaye 39 da ƙungiyoyin biyu suka ci da jimillar bambancin kwallaye na 66-21, sun sa AEK ta lashe gasar bayan shekaru 23. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2017 |title=ΑΕΚ-Παναθηναϊκός 3-3: Το αξέχαστο μπαράζ του 1963 |trans-title=en:AEK-Panathinaikos 3-3: The unforgettable barrage of 1963 |url=https://sport-retro.gr/aek-panathinaikos-3-3-o-aksexastos-agwnas-barrage-tou-1963/}}</ref> Kamar yadda Mimis Papaioannou ya faɗa, bayan ƙarshen wasan, yayin da ya ga duk membobin ƙungiyar a ɗakin canza kaya suna kuka don wannan nasarar, an dasa shi a matsayin sabon shiga tare da manufofin ƙungiyar, yayin da shi ma ya yi kuka kuma ya zama mai goyon bayan AEK. <ref name="aekpedia"/> ==== 1963–1965 ==== Shekarun da suka gabaci AEK da Papaioannou sun yi kyau sosai, domin ya nuna cewa shi ne zai ɗauki matsayin jagora daga Nestoridis a cikin ƙungiyar, yana tura su sama gwargwadon iyawarsa don kai su ga nasara. Bayyanarsa da nasarorin da ya samu sun sanya shi cikin zuciyar jama'a cikin sauri. Magoya bayan sun yi masa biyayya kuma ya ba su lada da sha'awar rigar rawaya-baƙi. A ranar 29 ga Satumba 1963 ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da aka sha kashi a waje da ci 5-4 a kan Panathinaikos. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2018 |title=1963-64 ΠΑΝΑΘΗΝΑΪΚΟΣ-ΑΕΚ 5-4 |trans-title=en:1963-64 PANATHINAIKOS-AEK 5-4 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SYg4U4fi10 |publisher=archive.ert.gr |language=el |via=YouTube}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye uku na farko a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 1963 inda ya zura kwallaye uku a kan Aris a gida. <ref>{{Cite web |title=20/10/1963 ΑΕΚ - Άρης 3-0 |trans-title=en:20/10/1963 AEK - Aris 3-0 |url=https://www.aektoday.com/20-oktovriou/692-20-10-1963-aek-aris-3-0 |website=aektoday.com |access-date=2026-05-09 |archive-date=2022-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719143516/https://www.aektoday.com/20-oktovriou/692-20-10-1963-aek-aris-3-0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bai ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo ba don ya sake zura kwallo, kamar yadda ya yi watanni biyu bayan haka a kan Ethnikos Piraeus a wasan da suka ci 4-0. Papaioannou ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Olympiacos da ci 6-1 a ranar 6 ga Janairun 1964. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2022 |title=Σαν σήμερα: Το επιβλητικό 6-1 της Ένωσης επί του Ολυμπιακού |trans-title=en:On this day: Union's impressive 6-1 win over Olympiakos |url=https://inaek.com/2022/01/06/san-simera-to-epivlitiko-6-1-tis-enosis-epi-tou-olybiakou/ |website=inaek.com |language=el}}</ref> Ya kuma zura kwallaye hudu daga cikin jimillar kwallaye bakwai da kungiyarsa ta ci a wasan da suka yi da Anagennisi Arta a gasar cin kofin, a ranar 26 ga Afrilun 1964. A karshen kakar wasa ya lashe Kofinsa na farko tare da AEK, duk da cewa an yi rashin nasara a wasan karshe saboda dakatar da 'yan wasan kusa da na karshe, Panathinaikos da Olympiacos daga gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Γυαλιά - καρφιά η "Λεωφόρος" |trans-title=en:"Leoforos" gets messed up |url=https://www.sansimera.gr/articles/279 |website=sansimera.gr |language=el |access-date=2026-05-09 |archive-date=2019-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810090636/https://www.sansimera.gr/articles/279 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 1964 ya kare kakar wasa a matsayin dan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar da kwallaye 29, wanda hakan ya kawo karshen nasarar da Nestoridis ya samu a tsawon shekaru 5. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Greece 1963/64 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesg/grkhist.html#64 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Janairun 1965, Papaioannou ya zura kwallaye uku a ragar Panachaiki a wasan da suka ci 6-0 a gida a gasar. Ya kuma zura kwallo mai kyau a wasan hamayya da Olympiacos a waje da gida, wanda ya kawo karshen wasan 2-1 ga AEK. <ref>{{Cite web |title=7/4/1965 Ολυμπιακός-ΑΕΚ 1-2 |trans-title=en:7/4/1965 Olympiacos-AEK 1-2 |url=https://www.aektoday.com/7-apriliou/109-7-4-1965-olympiakos-aek-1-2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719183546/https://www.aektoday.com/7-apriliou/109-7-4-1965-olympiakos-aek-1-2 |archive-date=19 July 2022 |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=aektoday.com}}</ref> Ya sake zura kwallo a ragar abokin hamayyarsa, inda ya bude wasan a wasan da suka tashi 3-3 a gida, a wasan karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2017 |title=ΑΕΚ - Ολυμπιακός: Η προϊστορία σε video! |trans-title=en:AEK - Olympiacos: Their history in video! |url=https://www.sdna.gr/podosfairo/superleague/article/297056/aek-olympiakos-i-proistoria-se-video |website=sdna.gr |language=el}}</ref> Daga kakar da ta gabata AEK sun fara gwagwarmaya ta kudi kuma rikice-rikicen gudanarwa sun bayyana a cikin kulob din, sun haifar da jerin batutuwa. Wadannan batutuwan sun nuna farkon lokacin raguwa ga AEK. A shekara ta 1974 kulob din ya kammala a matsayi na 5 kuma bai cancanci shiga gasar Turai ba, yayin da aka kori Stanković a tsakiyar kakar. Papaioannou ya ci gaba da jagorantar kulob din a lokacin mawuyacin hali, yayin da suke da kyakkyawar halarta a gasar cin kofin UEFA, inda suka kai zagaye na biyu kuma babbar kungiyar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] ta Bill Shankly ta kawar da su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2015 |title=Όταν η ΑΕΚ γνώρισε τη Λίβερπουλ του Σάνκλι |trans-title=en:When AEK met Shankly's Liverpool |url=https://www.contra.gr/stiles/otan-i-aek-gnorise-ti-liverpoyl-toy-sankli.7210184.html |website=contra.gr |language=el}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] ==manazarta== 7imcrxbuupb0iq6qyj51tgoatwf3yb3 0 150436 892705 862884 2026-08-07T23:42:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892705 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Moise Kean.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Moise Kean | hoto = Moise Kean 2021.jpg | cikakken_suna = Moise Bioty Kean | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|2000|2|28}} | wurin_haihuwa = Vercelli, Italiya | tsawo = 1.83 m | matsayi = Dan wasan gaba | kulob_na_yanzu = [[ACF Fiorentina|Fiorentina]] | lamba = 20 | matasa_shekaru1 = 2007–2010 | matasa_kulob1 = Asti | matasa_shekaru2 = 2010–2016 | matasa_kulob2 = [[Juventus FC|Juventus]] | shekaru1 = 2016–2019 | kulob1 = [[Juventus FC|Juventus]] | wasanni1 = 16 | kwallaye1 = 7 | shekaru2 = 2017–2018 | kulob2 = → [[Hellas Verona FC|Hellas Verona]] (aro) | wasanni2 = 19 | kwallaye2 = 4 | shekaru3 = 2019–2021 | kulob3 = [[Everton FC|Everton]] | wasanni3 = 32 | kwallaye3 = 2 | shekaru4 = 2020–2021 | kulob4 = → [[Paris Saint-Germain FC|Paris Saint-Germain]] (aro) | wasanni4 = 26 | kwallaye4 = 13 | shekaru5 = 2021–2024 | kulob5 = [[Juventus FC|Juventus]] | wasanni5 = 76 | kwallaye5 = 14 | shekaru6 = 2024– | kulob6 = [[ACF Fiorentina|Fiorentina]] | wasanni6 = 0 | kwallaye6 = 0 | tawagar_kasa1 = [[Tawagar kwallon kafar Italiya ta 'yan kasa da shekara 15|Italiya U15]] | tawagar_kasa2 = [[Tawagar kwallon kafar Italiya ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17|Italiya U17]] | tawagar_kasa3 = [[Tawagar kwallon kafar Italiya ta 'yan kasa da shekara 19|Italiya U19]] | tawagar_kasa4 = [[Tawagar kwallon kafar Italiya ta 'yan kasa da shekara 21|Italiya U21]] | tawagar_kasa5 = [[Tawagar kwallon kafar Italiya|Italiya]] | shekarun_kasa5 = 2018– | wasannin_kasa5 = 19 | kwallayen_kasa5 = 5 }} '''Moise Bioty Kean''' (an haife shi ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 2000) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Italiya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga ƙungiyar [[ACF Fiorentina|Fiorentina]] da kuma [[Tawagar kwallon kafar Italiya|tawagar ƙasar Italiya]]. Ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin matasan 'yan wasan gaba masu ƙwarewa da sauri a ƙwallon ƙafar Turai saboda ƙarfin jikinsa, gudunsa da kuma iya zura ƙwallaye.<ref>{{cite web |title=Moise Kean Profile |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/moise-kean/profil/spieler/364135 |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Moise Kean a garin Vercelli da ke ƙasar Italiya daga iyaye 'yan asalin ƙasar Ivory Coast. Ya taso ne a yankin Asti inda ya fara buga ƙwallo tun yana ƙarami. Tun yana ƙarami ya nuna ƙwarewa wajen zura ƙwallaye, abin da ya sa ƙungiyoyin matasa suka fara bibiyarsa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Who is Moise Kean? |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/who-is-moise-kean/ |website=Goal.com |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Kean ya fara taka leda a makarantar horas da matasa ta Asti kafin daga bisani ya koma makarantar matasa ta [[Juventus FC|Juventus]] a shekarar 2010. A can ne ya bunƙasa har ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun matasan 'yan wasa a Italiya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Moise Kean Juventus Youth Career |url=https://www.juventus.com/en/players/moise-kean/ |website=Juventus Official Website |access-date=11 Mayu 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Juventus === Kean ya fara bugawa babbar ƙungiyar [[Juventus FC|Juventus]] wasa a shekarar 2016 yana ɗan shekara 16 kacal. Hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matasan 'yan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da suka fara buga wasa a Serie A ga Juventus.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kean makes Juventus history |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38171391 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=11 Mayu 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A watan Nuwamba 2016, ya zama ɗan wasan farko da aka haifa bayan shekarar 2000 da ya buga wasa a gasar UEFA Champions League.<ref>{{cite web |title=Moise Kean Champions League Record |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0233-0e953f0f0c18-6d57a9d8f8b0-1000--kean-makes-history/ |website=UEFA |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> === Aron sa zuwa Hellas Verona === A shekarar 2017 an ba Kean aro zuwa [[Hellas Verona FC|Hellas Verona]] domin samun damar buga wasanni akai-akai. Duk da cewa ƙungiyar ta fuskanci matsaloli a Serie A, Kean ya nuna ƙwarewa ta hanyar zura wasu mahimman ƙwallaye.<ref>{{cite web |title=Moise Kean loaned to Verona |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11854/10994135/moise-kean-joins-verona-on-loan |website=Sky Sports |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> === Dawowa Juventus === Bayan dawowarsa Juventus a shekarar 2018, Kean ya fara samun muhimmiyar rawa a ƙarƙashin koci Massimiliano Allegri. Ya zura ƙwallaye masu yawa a ƙarshen kakar 2018–19, abin da ya taimaka wa Juventus wajen lashe gasar Serie A.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kean shines for Juventus |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/mar/30/moise-kean-juventus |website=The Guardian |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Ya kuma zama ɗaya daga cikin matasan 'yan wasan Italiya da suka fi jawo hankali a lokacin saboda saurin ci gabansa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Italy's rising star Moise Kean |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37525968/moise-kean-rise |website=ESPN |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> === Everton === A watan Agustan 2019, Kean ya koma [[Everton FC|Everton]] ta gasar Premier League ta Ingila. Ana ganin cinikin a matsayin babban mataki a rayuwarsa saboda damar da zai samu a ƙwallon ƙafar Ingila.<ref>{{cite web |title=Everton sign Moise Kean |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/1299508/everton-sign-moise-kean |website=Everton Official Website |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Sai dai bai samu damar nuna cikakken bajintarsa ba a Everton saboda matsalar rashin tabbataccen lokaci a wasa da kuma sauyin masu horarwa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Why Moise Kean struggled at Everton |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/everton/moise-kean-everton-analysis |website=The Independent |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> === Paris Saint-Germain === A shekarar 2020, an ba Kean aro zuwa [[Paris Saint-Germain FC|Paris Saint-Germain]] na Faransa. A can ya sake dawo da ƙwarinsa inda ya zura ƙwallaye masu yawa a Ligue 1 da UEFA Champions League.<ref>{{cite web |title=PSG loan deal for Moise Kean |url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/content/moise-kean-joins-paris-saint-germain-on-loan |website=Paris Saint-Germain Official Website |access-date=11 Mayu 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kean ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kai PSG zuwa matakai masu zurfi a gasar Turai, kuma ya samu yabo daga magoya baya da masana ƙwallo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kean impresses at PSG |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210403-kean-flourishing-at-psg |website=France24 |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> === Komawa Juventus da Fiorentina === Bayan zamansa aro, Kean ya koma Juventus sannan daga baya aka sake ɗaukar sa na dindindin. Duk da nuna lokuta masu kyau, ya fuskanci matsalolin rashin daidaito da kuma raunuka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Juventus re-sign Moise Kean |url=https://www.juventus.com/en/news/articles/moise-kean-returns-to-juventus |website=Juventus Official Website |access-date=11 Mayu 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekarar 2024 ya koma [[ACF Fiorentina|Fiorentina]] domin neman sabon farawa a aikinsa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fiorentina sign Moise Kean |url=https://www.acffiorentina.com/en/news/all/news-men-first-team/2024-07-09/moise-kean-joins-fiorentina |website=Fiorentina Official Website |access-date=11 Mayu 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin tawagar ƙasa == Kean ya wakilci Italiya a matakan matasa daban-daban kafin daga bisani ya fara bugawa babbar [[Tawagar kwallon kafar Italiya|tawagar ƙasar Italiya]] wasa a shekarar 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Moise Kean Italy debut |url=https://www.figc.it/en/national-teams/news/moise-kean-makes-history-for-italy/ |website=FIGC |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da suka ci wa Italiya ƙwallo a tarihi, sannan kuma ɗan wasa na farko da ya fito daga shekarun 2000 da ya ci wa ƙasar ƙwallo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kean scores for Italy |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/47734782 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=11 Mayu 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Salon wasansa == Ana sanin Moise Kean da saurin gudu, ƙarfi da kuma iya taka leda a wurare daban-daban na gaba. Yana iya taka rawa a matsayin cikakken ɗan gaba ko kuma a matsayin winger.<ref>{{cite web |title=Moise Kean scouting report |url=https://totalfootballanalysis.com/player-analysis/moise-kean-scout-report |website=Total Football Analysis |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Masana ƙwallo sun yaba masa saboda ƙarfin jikinsa da kuma yadda yake iya kai hari cikin sauri. Haka kuma yana da ƙwarewar sarrafa ƙwallo da bugun ƙafa biyu.<ref>{{cite web |title=How good is Moise Kean? |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/moise-kean-analysis |website=FourFourTwo |access-date=11 Mayu 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Nasarori == === Juventus === * Serie A: 2016–17, 2018–19 * Coppa Italia: 2016–17 === Paris Saint-Germain === * Coupe de France: 2020–21 * Trophée des Champions: 2020 == Manazarta == {{Manazarta}} == Hanyoyin waje == * {{Official website}} * {{Soccerbase}} * {{Transfermarkt}} * {{IMDb name}} {{Dan wasan Juventus}} {{Dan wasan Italiya}} [[Category:2000 births]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwallon kafa na Italiya]] [[Category:Yan wasan Juventus FC]] [[Category:Yan wasan Everton FC]] [[Category:Yan wasan Paris Saint-Germain FC]] [[Category:Yan wasan Fiorentina]] [[Category:Yan wasan Serie A]] [[Category:Yan wasan Premier League]] [[Category:Yan wasan Ligue 1]] olnxk1yy0uvm39893qcb4oou75h47m3 0 150733 892952 834571 2026-08-08T10:58:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrícia Hmírová''' (an haife ta a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1993) ƙwararriyar [[Ɗan ƙwallo|'yar ƙwallon ƙafa]] ce ta ƙasar Slovak wadda ke buga wasa a matsayin ' yar wasan gaba a ƙungiyar GKS Katowice ta Poland da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Slovakia . == Aikin kulob == Hmírová ta buga wasa a gasar mata ta farko ta Slovak a [[ŠKF Žilina]] kafin ta koma Ekstraliga ta Poland inda ta buga wa 1. FC Katowice, TS Mitech Żywiec da Górnik Łęczna . <ref name="SUI">{{Cite web |title=Player profile |url=https://fcneunkirchfrauen.ch/Patrizia-Hmirova/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123201919/https://fcneunkirchfrauen.ch/Patrizia-Hmirova/ |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=22 November 2016 |website=[[FC Neunkirch]] |language=German}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Player profile |url=https://www.laczynaspilka.pl/zawodnik/patricia-hmirova,823267.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123201904/https://www.laczynaspilka.pl/zawodnik/patricia-hmirova,823267.html |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=22 November 2016 |website=[[Polish Football Association|PZPN]] |language=pl}}</ref> Ta buga wasa a gasar Swiss lig a FC Neunkirch a kakar wasa ta 2016–17, <ref name="depor">{{Cite web |date=14 July 2024 |title=El Dépor Abanca firma a la internacional eslovaca Patrícia Hmírová |url=https://cadenaser.com/galicia/2024/07/14/el-depor-abanca-firma-a-la-internacional-eslovaca-patricia-hmirova-radio-coruna/ |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=[[Cadena SER]] |language=es}}</ref> ta lashe gasar Swiss Women's Super League tare da kulob dinta. <ref name="pilka">{{Cite web |date=12 June 2019 |title=Hmírová. Dobra Słowaczka |url=http://www.pilkakobieca.pl/news,16238.html |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=pilkakobieca.pl |language=pl}}</ref> [[Fayil:Hmirova2023.jpg|thumb|Patrícia Hmírová]] A shekarar 2017, Hmírová ta koma Czarni Sosnowiec a gasar Kobiet ta Poland. A kakar wasa ta 2017–18, ita ce 'yar ƙasar waje da ta fi zura kwallaye a gasar, da kwallaye 13. <ref name="pilka"/> Ta fara kakar wasa ta 2018–19 da kwallaye shida a wasanni shida, <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2018 |title=Co za forma! Kolejny hat-trick Kamczyk |url=https://sport.nowiny.pl/sport/143145-co-za-forma-kolejny-hat-trick-kamczyk.html |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=sport.nowiny.pl |language=pl}}</ref> daga ƙarshe ta zura kwallaye 24 a kakar wasa ta bana, don sake zama 'yar ƙasar waje da ta fi zura kwallaye a gasar. <ref name="pilka" /> Hmírová ta kare a matsayi na shida wajen zaɓen kyautar 'yar ƙasar Slovak ta shekarar 2019, bayan wadda ta lashe gasar Dominika Škorvánková . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2020 |title=Najlepším futbalistom Slovenska za rok 2019 sa stal obranca Milan Škriniar z Interu Miláno |url=https://dennikn.sk/minuta/1816834/ |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=[[Denník N]] |language=sk}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2021, Hmírová ta koma ƙungiyar Apollon Limassol ta Cyprus. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2021 |title=ŽENY A – Hmírová posilou Apollonu Limassol: Rada skúšam nové veci |trans-title=WOMEN A – Hmírová by reinforcement of Apollona Limassol: I like to try new things |url=https://futbalsfz.sk/zeny-a-hmirova-posilou-apollonu-limassol-rada-skusam-nove-veci/ |access-date=20 April 2024 |publisher=[[Slovak Football Association]] |language=sk}}</ref> A lokacin da take a Cyprus, Hmírová ta buga wasa a gasar zakarun mata ta UEFA . <ref name="tospain">{{Cite web |date=25 July 2022 |title=Radila sa s krajankou, sleduje Barcelonu. Slovenka sa teší na španielsku ligu |url=https://sportnet.sme.sk/spravy/futbal-slovenska-reprezentantka-patricia-hmirova-spanielska-liga-sporting-huelva/ |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=Sme |language=sk}}</ref> Ta kuma lashe kofuna uku tare da Apollon: ƙungiyar farko ta Cyprus, gasar cin kofin mata ta Cyprus da kuma gasar Super Cup ta mata ta Cyprus . <ref name="stovkarka">{{Cite web |last=Šurin |first=Peter |date=28 October 2022 |title=ŽENY A – Stovkárka PATRÍCIA HMÍROVÁ: Krásne neľahké jubileum |url=https://sportnet.sme.sk/futbalnet/z/sfz/spravy/zeny-a-stovkarka-patricia-hmirova-krasne-nelahke-jubileum/ |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=Sme |language=sk}}</ref> A cikin Yuli 2022, Hmírová ya koma Sipaniya F club Sporting de Huelva . <ref name="tospain"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2022 |title=La internacional eslovaca Patrícia Hmírová, nueva incorporación del Sporting Club de Huelva |trans-title=The Slovak international Patrícia Hmírová, new addition to Sporting Club de Huelva |url=http://www.sportingclubhuelva.com/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5339&Itemid=45 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719180735/http://www.sportingclubhuelva.com/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5339&Itemid=45 |archive-date=19 July 2022 |publisher=[[Sporting de Huelva]] |language=es}}</ref> Bayan ya shafe shekaru biyu a wasan kwallon kafa na Sipaniya, <ref name="depor"/> Hmírová ya koma kungiyar Deportivo de La Coruña ta La Liga a Yuli 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2024 |title=Patrícia Hmírová, velocidad y desborde para las bandas del Dépor ABANCA |url=https://www.rcdeportivo.es/noticias/patricia-hmirova-velocidad-y-desborde-para-las-bandas-del-depor-abanca |access-date=18 October 2024 |website=www.rcdeportivo.es |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Yuli 2025, Hmírová ya koma Poland don shiga gasar zakarun GKS Katowice . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2025 |title=Patrícia Hmírová ponownie w Polsce |url=http://www.kobiecapilka.pl/news,20557.html |access-date=10 July 2025 |website=kobiecapilka.pl |language=pl |archive-date=4 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250804225303/http://www.kobiecapilka.pl/news,20557.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Hmírová kuma memba ce a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Slovakia . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Player profile |url=http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=250041015/profile/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203033654/http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=250041015/profile/index.html |archive-date=3 December 2012 |access-date=22 November 2016 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> A lokacin da ta koma Spain a watan Yulin 2022, ta yi wasanni 94 ga Slovakia, inda ta zura kwallaye 18. <ref name="tospain" /> A watan Oktoban 2022, Hmírová ta buga wasa na 100 a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa, bayan ta zura kwallaye 19 a wannan lokacin. <ref name="stovkarka" /> == Ƙididdigar aiki == == Daraja == * Ekstraliga : 2019–20 <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2020 |title=Górnik mistrzem Polski kobiet. PZPN przyznał tytuł |url=https://www.polsatsport.pl/wiadomosc/2020-06-03/gornik-mistrzem-polski-kobiet-pzpn-przyznal-tytul/ |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=sport.tvp.pl |language=pl}}</ref> * Kofin Poland : 2019–20 <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2020 |title=[PUCHAR POLSKI KOBIET] Górnik Łęczna z dubletem! Złoty gol na pożegnanie |url=https://pzpn.pl/rozgrywki-klubowe/pilka-nozna-kobiet/puchar-polski/aktualnosci/2020-06-27/puchar-polski-kobiet-gornik-leczna-z-dubletem-zloty-gol-na-pozegnanie |access-date=21 November 2024 |publisher=[[Polish Football Association]] |language=pl}}</ref> '''Apollon Limassol''' <ref name="stovkarka"/> * Rukunin Farko na Cyprus : 2021–22 * Kofin Mata na Cyprus : 2021–22 * Kofin Super na Mata na Cyprus : 2021 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] 55d79bls7wcpb4uxk2qfpf53jf4c5hf 0 151541 892893 837107 2026-08-08T10:29:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892893 wikitext text/x-wiki '''PatentFreedom''' ƙungiya ce ta kamfanoni ta yanar gizo da ke samun damar shiga da raba bayanai game da ƙungiyoyin da ba na aiki ba waɗanda ke da kuma tilasta haƙƙin mallaka musamman don karɓar kuɗin lasisi . Kamfanin yana ba da izinin zama memba ga kamfanonin gudanarwa da kuma kamfanonin lauyoyi da ke wakiltar su. An kafa kamfanin a watan Mayu na 2008. Kamfanin RPX ne ya mallaki haƙƙin mallaka na Patent Freedom a watan Yunin 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RPX Corporation Press Release |url=http://ir.rpxcorp.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=855877 |access-date=2026-05-17 |archive-date=2016-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310032206/http://ir.rpxcorp.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=855877 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kayayyaki da Ayyuka == PatentFreedom ƙungiya ce ta membobinsu inda membobi ke biyan kuɗi na shekara-shekara don samun damar samun bayanai masu yawa game da ƙungiyoyin da ba na aiki ba. Membobin da ke akwai kuma za su iya ba da gudummawa ga bayanai game da waɗanda ke tabbatar da haƙƙin mallaka. Ana ba da biyan kuɗi na PatentFreedom ga kamfanoni da kamfanonin lauyoyi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PatentFreedom Subscriptions |url=https://www.patentfreedom.com/subscriptions/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604100743/https://www.patentfreedom.com/subscriptions/ |archive-date=2012-06-04}}</ref> Bayanan sun haɗa da su waye ƙungiyoyin, su waye ke ba su kuɗi, da kuma waɗanda suka tabbatar da haƙƙin mallaka a kansu. Kamfanin yana da takardun lantarki a kan kamfanoni 680, rassansa 2100, suna da takardun mallakar fasaha na Amurka sama da 50,000 da aikace-aikacensu, kuma suna da hannu a shari'o'i 8,900 akan takwarorinsu na kamfanoni 25,000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PatentFreedom Summary Statistics |url=https://www.patentfreedom.com/subscriptions/stats/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209171847/https://www.patentfreedom.com/subscriptions/stats/ |archive-date=9 February 2013 |access-date=5 March 2013}}</ref> PatentFreedom kuma tana ba da shawarwari, rage haɗari da ayyukan bincike na musamman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PatentFreedom Professional Services |url=https://www.patentfreedom.com/services/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209171840/https://www.patentfreedom.com/services/ |archive-date=2013-02-09}}</ref> An kafa kamfanin a shekarar 2008, tare da kamfanoni 12 da suka shiga tun lokacin da aka kafa shi. == Ƙungiyar Zartarwa == Dan McCurdy shine wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban PatentFreedom, kuma shine babban jami'in gudanarwa na Allied Security Trust . Chris Reohr shine wanda ya kafa kuma shine shugaban PatentFreedom.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PatentFreedom Executive Team |url=https://www.patentfreedom.com/about/executive-team/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209171933/https://www.patentfreedom.com/about/executive-team/ |archive-date=2013-02-09}}</ref> == Manazarta == 68dtv8beablbe3k2fg20diu3bd9dbrb 0 151707 892778 863590 2026-08-08T07:41:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alexander "Oghogho" Oduokpe''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Disamba 1992) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Najeriya wanda ke buga wa Maccabi Herzliya wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . Wata ƙungiyar matasa [[Karamone FC|ta Karamone]] ta gano Oghogho Oduokpe sannan ta koma Tolopia United FC inda ya samu damar buga wasa da [[Warri Wolves F.C.|Warri Wolves]] . Ya buga wasansa na farko da kuma ƙwallon farko a gasar Isra'ila ga Maccabi Herzliya inda ya sami maki ɗaya, ya kuma ci kwallo ɗaya sannan ya taimaka aka ci kwallo a wasan da suka yi a waje a ranar 11 ga Maris 2016. == Aikin kulob == Ya fara wasansa na wasa da ƙungiyar matasa ta Karamone daga baya ya koma ƙungiyar Tolopia United FC daga can ya sami damar shiga ƙungiyar Warri Wolves ta Jos inda ya fara hazaka da baiwar da ya samu, inda ya lashe kyaututtuka da dama, kamar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyar, mafi yawan zura kwallaye a ƙungiyar a kakar wasa, kuma shine ɗan wasan gaba mafi ƙanƙanta a ƙungiyar Warri Wolves da ya taɓa siyan. Ya fara samun shahara, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin ƙungiyoyi a gida da waje, amma Warri Wolves ba su iya shawo kan mai ƙarfi da kuma mai tsaron ƙwallo ya ci gaba da zama ba. Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Enugu Rangers ta jawo hankalinsa. Enugu Rangers ta saye shi don ya buga gasar Caf Champions League, gasar Premier ta Najeriya da gasar cin kofin FA ta Najeriya a kakar wasa ta 2012 da 2013. Ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na ƙasashen waje a Turai, Asiya da Afirka da Enugu Rangers ta buga da su a gasar Caf Champions League kamar Cape Town, [1] Ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa a matsayin ɗan wasan MVP na wasan, Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyarsa, mafi kyawun mai jefa ƙwallo da kuma kyautar ƙwallon ban mamaki. [2] [3] [4] Wakilin Oghogho Oduokpe shine Ramone Remmie. == Haɗin gwiwar Zakarun CAF da kwallayen da aka zura a gasar Premier ta Najeriya == * [http://nigerianfootballleague.com/troubled-rangers-go-past-nasarawa/ Kwallon Oghogho Oduokpe ga Rangers FC - Gasar Firimiya ta Najeriya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082804/http://nigerianfootballleague.com/troubled-rangers-go-past-nasarawa/ |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://nigerianfootballleague.com/rangers-shares-point-with-bayelsa/ Oghogho Oduokpe ya samu maki uku a gasar Premier ta Najeriya]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://nigerianfootballleague.com/bayelsa-escape-relegation-wolves-picks-continental-ticket/ Oghogho Oduokpe Brace ta ceci Bayelsa Utd daga faduwa daga gasar Premier ta Najeriya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100045/http://nigerianfootballleague.com/bayelsa-escape-relegation-wolves-picks-continental-ticket/ |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.soccerstarng.com/story_display_page.php?top_story_id=1633 Golan Oghogho Oduokpe - Gasar Firimiya ta Najeriya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105853/http://www.soccerstarng.com/story_display_page.php?top_story_id=1633 |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.informationng.com/2014/09/glo-premier-league-leading-trio-lose-as-wolves-climb-4th.html Kwallon Oghogho Oduokpe ta tabbatar da maki 3- Gasar Firimiya ta Najeriya] * [http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4111/nigeria-premier-league/2014/09/25/5130346/npfl-week-28-league-round-up-wolves-tear-apart-dolphins-in Oghogho Oduopke] == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Ya buga wa Enugu Rangers International FC wasa a gasar zakarun Turai ta 2012/13. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rangers beat Sharks to grab Champions League place over Lobi Stars |url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigeria/2012/09/08/3361593/rangers-beat-sharks-to-grab-champions-league-place-over-lobi/www.fgv.br/seminariogestaoesportiva |website=Goal.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye kuma ya taimaka wajen zura kwallaye. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] ohtl7s37zgi5njk10mm8jo6c9gxib7d 0 151970 892966 889301 2026-08-08T11:45:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter "Eto" Amaechina''' tsohon ɗan Najeriya ne wanda ya yi suna a matsayin mai horas da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafan ƙasa ta Najeriya, wato Super Eagles. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin farkon ‘yan Najeriya da suka jagoranci tawagar ƙasa bayan samun ‘yancin kai, kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa harkar horas da ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya a ƙarshen shekarun 1960.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news360ng.com/full-list-coaches-who-led-nigerias-super-eagles-from-1949-to-2024/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-05-22 |archive-date=2025-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214213144/https://news360ng.com/full-list-coaches-who-led-nigerias-super-eagles-from-1949-to-2024/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Peter Amaechina ya jagoranci ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Najeriya tsakanin shekarun 1969 zuwa 1970. Bayan ɗan Sifaniya Sabino Barinaga ne ya karɓi aikin horas da tawagar, kuma daga baya Karl-Heinz Marotzke ɗan Jamus ya gaje shi. Wannan ya sanya Amaechina cikin jerin farko-farkon masu horas da Super Eagles na asalin Najeriya.<ref>https://factsheet.ng/football-history-in-nigeria-super-eagles-coaches-from-1949-2024/</ref> A tarihin ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya, ana yawan ambaton Peter “Eto” Amaechina tare da sauran tsofaffin masu horaswa irin su Daniel Anyiam da Adegboye Onigbinde saboda gudummawar da suka bayar wajen kafa tubalin ci gaban ƙungiyar ƙasa. Masana tarihi na ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya suna kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu horaswa na farko da suka taimaka wajen bunƙasa tsarin horaswa na cikin gida.<ref>https://punchng.com/?p=2090707</ref> Ko da yake babu cikakkun bayanai da yawa game da rayuwarsa ta farko da tarihin aikinsa a fili, sunansa yana cikin jerin hukuma na masu horas da Super Eagles tun daga shekarar 1949 har zuwa zamani. Wannan ya tabbatar da matsayinsa a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_national_football_team</ref> A wasu rahotanni na tarihi da nazari kan masu horas da Najeriya, an bayyana Peter “Eto” Amaechina a matsayin mutum mai muhimmanci wajen ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa na cikin gida a lokacin da Najeriya ke ƙoƙarin kafa kanta a nahiyar Afirka ta fuskar wasanni.<ref>https://nationalpilot.wixsite.com/nationalpilot/single-post/2015/07/13/who-is-nigeria-s-best-indigenous-coach-ever</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Super Eagles]] * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[Adegboye Onigbinde]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 4o31oa1wbbt4vnh3lqh66stkv0lnc51 0 152056 892643 839262 2026-08-07T20:43:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo | image = | alt = | birth_name = Madeleine Mĩcere Gĩthae | birth_date = {{Birth date|1942|12|12|df=y}} | birth_place = Baricho, [[Kirinyaga District]], Kenya | death_date = {{Death date and given age|2023|6|30|80|df=y}} | death_place = [[Syracuse, New York]], United States | citizenship = [[Kenya]] and the [[United States]] | education = {{unbulleted list|[[Alliance Girls High School]];| Limuru Girls High School; [[Makerere University]];|[[University of New Brunswick]] }} | occupation = Professor, playwright, author, activist and poet | employer = [[Syracuse University]] | years_active = | known_for = | children = Mũmbi wa Mũgo, Njeri Kũi Mũgo | spouse = Divorced | relatives = {{unbulleted list|[[Eunice Muringo Kiereini]]; the late Judi Muthoni Gilmore; the late Joyce Muthoni Githae; Duncan Mutugi Githae; Winnie Wambui Marekia; the late Rose Wanjiru Wachira; the late David Githanda; Patrick Njeru Githae and Nancy Wangari Githae (siblings) }} | notable_works = | awards = }} '''Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo''' (wadda aka haifa da suna Madeleine Mĩcere Gĩthae; 12 Disamba 1942 – 30 Yuni 2023) wata farfesa ce ’yar Kenya, marubuciya ta wasan kwaikwayo, marubuciyar littattafai, ’yar fafutuka da kuma mawakiya. Ta kasance ƙwararriyar mai sukar adabi kuma farfesa a fannin Adabi, Rubutun Ƙirƙira da Hanyoyin Bincike a Sashen Nazarin Baƙar Fatar Amurka (African American Studies) a Jami’ar Syracuse. A shekarar 1982, an tilasta mata barin ƙasar Kenya zuwa gudun hijira a lokacin mulkin kama-karya na Daniel Arap Moi saboda ayyukanta na fafutuka, inda ta koma koyarwa a ƙasar Amurka, daga bisani kuma a Zimbabwe. Ta koyar da Orature (adabin baka), Adabi, da Rubutun Ƙirƙira.<ref name="syr obit">{{cite news |date=26 July 2023 |title=University Remembers Professor Emerita and Scholar Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo |url=https://news.syr.edu/blog/2023/07/26/university-remembers-professor-emerita-and-scholar-micere-githae-mugo/ |access-date=21 August 2023 |work=[[Syracuse University News]]}}</ref><ref name="LibraryOfCongress">{{LCAuth|n88619238|Micere Githae Mugo||}}</ref> Littattafan Mũgo sun haɗa da littattafai shida, wasan da aka rubuta tare da [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] da litattafai uku. Ta kuma shirya mujallu da tsarin karatun makarantar Zimbabwe. The East African Standard ya lissafa ta cikin mutane 100 mafi tasiri a Kenya a shekara ta 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Judy |date=11 April 2011 |title=Micere Githae Mugo to receive 2011 Prize for Excellence in Masters Level Teaching at Syracuse University |url=http://asnews.syr.edu/newsevents_2011/releases/2011_Masters_Teaching_Prize.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091525/http://asnews.syr.edu/newsevents_2011/releases/2011_Masters_Teaching_Prize.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=26 March 2015 |publisher=College of Arts and Sciences, Syracuse University}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Mũgo a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1942, a Baricho, Gundumar Kirinyaga, Kenya . <ref name="RAS interview">{{Cite web |date=22 February 2022 |title=Interview with Africa Writes Lifetime Achievement Award Winner Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo |url=https://royalafricansociety.org/interview-with-africa-writes-lifetime-achievement-award-winner-micere-githae-mugo/ |publisher=Royal African Society}} [Interview with Desta Haile, December 2021.]</ref> 'Yar malamai biyu masu ci gaba (masu sassaucin ra'ayi) - Babban Cif Richard Karuga Galyhae da Mwalimu Grace Njeri Galyhae - wadanda suka kasance masu aiki a siyasa a yakin neman 'yancin Kenya.<ref>[[Margaret Busby|Busby, Margaret]], "Micere Githae Mugo", ''[[Daughters of Africa]]'', London: Jonathan Cape, 1992, p. 551.</ref> Mũgo ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Alliance Girls daga 1957 zuwa 1960.<ref name="obit">{{Cite web |date=24 July 2023 |title=Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo's obituary 2023 |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2023/07/micere-githae-mugos-obituary-2023 |access-date=5 October 2023 |website=Citinewsroom}}</ref> Mũgo ta ci gaba da halartar [[Jami'ar Makerere]] (inda ta sami digiri na BA a shekarar 1966). Ta shiga [[Jami'ar Nairobi]] a watan Satumbar 1966, daga baya ta tafi [[Kanada]] don halartar Jami'ar New Brunswick a shekarar 1969, inda ta sami MA da PhD a shekarar 1973. <ref name="answers">{{Cite web |date=22 October 2001 |title=Micere Githae Mugo: Biography from |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/micere-githae-mugo |publisher=Answers.com}}</ref> Ta koma Kenya don ɗaukar matsayin malami a Jami'ar Nairobi a 1973, kuma a 1978 <ref name="Companion">{{Cite book|edition=Ruth}}</ref> ta zama Dean na Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, wanda ya sa ta zama mace ta farko a Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2015 |title=Senate Debates {{!}} Symposium in Honor of an Eminent Kenyan Scholar: Prof. Micere Mugo |url=http://www.parliament.go.ke/sites/default/files/2017-05/Thursday_12th_March_2015.pdf |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=The Hansard |publisher=Parliament of Kenya {{!}} The Senate}}</ref> Ta koyar a Jami'ar Nairobi har zuwa 1982, Jami'ar St. Lawrence (1982-1984) Jami'ar Zimbabwe (1984-1991) kuma ta kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'an Cornell (1992). === Fitarwa === Mũgo dan gwagwarmayar siyasa ne wanda ya yi yaƙi da cin zarafin 'yancin ɗan adam a Kenya . <ref name="wworld">{{Cite web |title=Women's WORLD |url=http://www.wworld.org/about/board/micere_githae_mugo.htm |publisher=Wworld.org}}</ref> Ayyukanta na siyasa sun haifar da cewa 'yan sanda sun tsananta mata kuma sun kama ta.<ref name="wworld" /> Mũgo da iyalinta (ciki har da 'ya'ya mata biyu) an tilasta su bar Kenya a 1982 bayan yunkurin juyin mulkin Daniel Arap Ni, bayan haka ta zama makasudin cin zarafin gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Conversation with Micere Mugo & Ngugi wa Thiong'o |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/60065760/A-Conversation-With-Mugo-Ngugi |via=Scribd}}</ref> An kwace ta daga 'yancin Kenya, amma bayan shekara guda, gwamnatin Zimbabwe ta gayyace ta don neman' yancin Zimbabwe, wanda ta rike har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1990, lokacin da ta sake samun' yancin Kenya.<ref name="Companion"/> Bayan ta bar Kenya, ta yi aiki, ta rubuta, kuma ta koyar daga kasashen waje, <ref name="answers"/> kuma daga baya ta ce: {{Cquote|I'm a child of the universe, I have lived in almost all continents.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1089435 |title=Micere Githae Mugo|website=azquotes.com}}</ref>}} Waƙar "Speaking of Hurricanes" ta Ama Ata Aidoo, wanda aka haɗa a cikin tarin Aidoo na 1992 An Angry Letter a watan Janairu, an rubuta shi "don Micere Mugo da duk sauran 'yan gudun hijirar Afirka". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yitah |first=Helen |date=July 2015 |title=Review: [Untitled]. Reviewed Work: The Art of Ama Ata Aidoo. Documentary film (78 minutes) by Yaba Badoe |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/48725795 |journal=Feminist Africa |publisher=Institute of African Studies |page=125 |jstor=48725795 |access-date=14 July 2023}}</ref> <ref name="The Standard - Hurricanes">{{Cite web |last=Ngunjiri |first=Mbugua |date=2 July 2023 |title=Micere Mugo's achievements were like 'the force of hurricanes' |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001476359/micere-mugos-achievements-were-like-the-force-of-hurricanes |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=The Standard}}</ref> == Ayyukan baya-bayan nan == A shekara ta 1993, Mũgo ta shiga Jami'ar Syracuse, inda ta koyar da Orature, Creative Writing, Caribbean Women Writers da Research Methods a Sashen Nazarin Afirka na Amurka (AAS). A shekara ta 2007, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Laura J. da L. Douglas Meredith Farfesa don Kwarewar Koyarwa. A cikin 2013, yayin da take Jami'ar Syracuse, ta shiga taron Kwamitin kan Matsayin Mata (CSW) a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], taken wanda shine "Kashewa da Rigakafin Rikicin Mata da 'Yan Mata", kuma a cikin jawabin ta ta ce: {{Cquote|Writing can be a lifeline, especially when your existence has been denied, especially when you have been left on the margins, especially when your life and process of growth have been subjected to attempts at strangulation.<ref name="enslin Spotlight">{{cite news |url=https://news.syr.edu/blog/2013/03/25/su-poet-playwright-activist-garners-international-spotlight/ |title=SU Poet, Playwright, Activist Garners International Spotlight |first=Rob |last=Enslin|website=Syracuse University News|publisher=Syracuse University|date=25 March 2013|access-date=11 July 2023 }}</ref>}} Bayan shekaru 22 na hidima, Mũgo ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2015, kuma an ba shi matsayin Emeritus. Da yake nuna ritayar ta daga bangaren AAS a Syracuse, an gudanar da wani taro don girmama ta. A wannan shekarar, ta gabatar da babban jawabin Marubutan Afirka na Duniya, mai taken "Masu zane-zane da Marubutan Orature na Afirka suna haihuwar Sankofa- hangen nesa na Utu, Ubuntu da Adalci ga Dukkanin", a Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu (UNISA) a matsayin wani ɓangare na Taron Marubutan Afrika na Duniya na 4th. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Professor Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo |url=https://africacenturyconference.co.za/professor-micere-githae-mugo/ |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=Africa Century International African Writers Conference}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Royal African Society a London ta gabatar da Mũgo tare da lambar yabo ta "Afirka Writes" Lifetime Achievement a cikin wallafe-wallafen Afirka, mai karɓa na farko shine [[Margaret Busby]] a cikin 2019.<ref name="RAS interview"/><ref name="RAS press release">{{Cite web |date=30 November 2021 |title=Press release: Lifetime Achievement in African Literature awarded to Micere Mugo by Royal African Society |url=https://royalafricansociety.org/press-release-lifetime-achievement-in-african-literature-awarded-to-micere-mugo-by-royal-african-society/ |access-date=5 January 2022 |publisher=Royal African Society}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2022 |title=Micere Mugo feted for lifetime of achievement in literature |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/books/2022-01-15-micere-mugo-feted-for-lifetime-of-achievement-in-literature/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |website=[[The Star (Kenya)|The Star]]}}</ref> Mũgo ita ce ta kafa kungiyar United Women of Africa Organization (UWAO) kuma co-kafa da Shugaba (a lokacin mutuwarta) na Pan African Community of Central New York (PACCNY). <ref name="wworld"/> Ta kasance mai magana da yawun [[Amnesty International]], mai ba da shawara ga jerin "Afirka a kan Horizon" ta Blackside, <ref name="wworld" /> memba na majalisa a [[Jami'ar Riara]], tsohon shugaban kwamitin daraktoci a Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Yankin Afirka ta Kudu (SARIPS) a [[Harare]] <ref name="wworld" /> kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawarar ga tushe da yawa, kuma a kan kwamitin mujallu da kungiyoyi da yawa. == Mutuwa == Mũgo, wacce ta yi magana game da samun ciwon daji na myeloma mai yawa na tsawon shekaru goma sha shida, ta mutu a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2023, tana da shekaru 80, <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2023 |title=Distinguished Playwright & Poet, Micere Mugo, Dies At 81 |url=https://www.citizen.digital/news/distinguished-playwright-poet-micere-mugo-dies-at-81-n322722 |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=Citizen Digital}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Kuhelika |date=3 July 2023 |title=Eminent Kenyan Playwright Prof. Micere Githae Mugo Passes On, Aged 81 |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2023/07/eminent-kenyan-playwright-and-literary-critic-prof-micere-githae-mugo-passes-on-aged-81/ |access-date=11 July 2023 |website=[[Brittle Paper]]}}</ref> a Syracuse, New York, <ref>{{Cite web |title=In Remembrance Of Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo |url=https://inremembranceofmiceregithaemugo.org/ |access-date=11 August 2023}}</ref> inda aka binne ta a ranar 31 ga Yuli a Kabari na Oakwood.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wanyama |first=John Paschal |date=7 August 2023 |title=Micere Mugo, an iconic woman of four nations, finds final resting place in New York |url=https://www.csuitestyle.net/690/micere-mugo-new-york/ |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=C-Suite Style}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Mũgo ya kasance fitaccen mawaki, kuma marubuci ko editan littattafai 15. <ref name="wworld"/> Ayyukanta galibi daga al'adun gargajiya na Afirka ne, Pan-Afirka da kuma hangen nesa na mata, kuma yana da tasiri sosai ga al'adun al'adun Afirka. Mũgo da ɗan'uwansa ɗan gwagwarmayar Kenya [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o|Ngugi wa Thiong'o]] sun rubuta wasan kwaikwayon The Trial of Dedan Kimathi, wanda aka buga a 1977 kuma aka yi a [[FESTAC 77]] a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya. <ref name="The Standard - Hurricanes"/> An fara gwajin ne a Amurka a shekarar 2014 a filin wasan kwaikwayo na gwaji a makarantar UC Irvine ta Claire Trevor School of the Arts, wanda Dokta Jaye Austin Williams ya jagoranta kuma Dokta S Ama Wray ya tsara shi. Mũgo ya kuma yi aiki tare da marubucin Zimbabwe Shimmer Chinodya a cikin gyaran wasan kwaikwayo da labaru ga matasa a [[Yaren Shona|Shona]] . <ref name="Companion"/> A cikin wata hira ta 2021, Mũgo ta yi magana game da aiki a kan kundi na biyu na litattafanta da jawabai, bayan ''Rubuce-rubuce da Magana daga Zuciya ta Zuciya'' ta 2012, da kuma tarin waƙoƙi na uku.<ref name="RAS interview"/> Littafin Mũgo na 2021, The Imperative of Utu / Ubuntu in Africana Scholarship, an rubuta shi ne don tunawa da cika shekaru 50 na Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka da Bincike, Jami'ar Cornell.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugo |first=Micere Githae |date=29 July 2021 |title=The imperative of Utu / Ubuntu in Africana scholarship |url=https://darajapress.com/publication/the-imperative-of-utu-ubuntu-in-africana-scholarship |website=DarajaPress |publisher=Daraja Press}}</ref> Ta bayyana kanta a matsayin "mai ba da shawara mai ƙarfi da sha'awar utu da ubuntu", kuma ta bayyana cewa: "Utu, kalma ce ta Kiswahili wacce ke fassara cikin 'mahimmancin kasancewa ɗan adam,' ko 'yanayin kasancewa ɗan adam.' Ba za ku iya da'awar cewa tana da 'mahimmanci na kasancewa ɗan adam' sai dai idan ka raba shi kuma ka tabbatar da shi a cikin wasu / duk mutane" <ref name="RAS interview"/> === Wasanni === * ''Rashin lafiya na Tsohon Shugaba Kiti'', Ofishin Littattafan Gabashin Afirka, 1976 * ''Shari'ar Dedan Kimathi'' (wanda aka rubuta tare da [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]]), [[Heinemann (Mawallafa)|Heinemann]], 1977 === Waƙoƙi === * ''Daughter of My People, Sing!'', East African Literature Bureau, 1976, {{ISBN|9789966441546}} * ''My Mother's Song and Other Poems'', East African Educational Publishers, 1994, {{ISBN|9789966464996}} === Tattaunawar wallafe-wallafen === * ''Ra'ayoyin Afirka: Labarin [[Chinua Achebe]], Margaret Laurence, Elspeth Huxley, da Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o'', Ofishin Littattafan Kenya, 1978 * ''Orature na Afirka da 'Yancin Dan Adam'', Cibiyar Nazarin Kudancin Afirka, Jami'ar Kasa ta Lesotho, 1991, {{ISBN|9789991131009}} * The Imperative of Utu / Ubuntu a cikin ƙwarewar Afirka, Daraja Press, 2021, {{ISBN|978-1990263248}} === Tarihin kansa === * ''Rubuce-rubuce da Magana daga Zuciya ta Zuciya'', Africa World Press, 2012, {{ISBN|978-1592218547}} == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa da aka zaɓa == * 1985: Marcus Garvey Award from the Canadian Branch of [[Ƙungiyar Inganta Negro ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Al'ummomin Afirka|UNIA]].<ref name="CV">{{Cite web |title=Curriculum Vitae {{!}} MICERE M. GITHAE MUGO |url=https://africacenturyconference.co.za/curriculum-vitae/ |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=Africa Century International African Writers Conference}}</ref> * 1987–90: Award for research on African orature and human rights, Ford Foundation.<ref name="RAS press release"/> * 1992: Award for writing and publication, Rockefeller Foundation. * 1994: The Syracuse University African American Student Association, Malcolm X Memorial Award For Excellence in Academic and Community Service.<ref name="CV" /> * 2002: "The Top 100: They Influenced Kenya Most during the 20th Century", ''East African Standard''.<ref name="The Standard - Hurricanes"/> * 2002: Sojourner Truth Award for Black Woman Professor of the Year, National Association of Negro Business & Professional Women's Clubs.<ref name="CV" /> * 2003: Founder, United Women of Africa Organization. * 2004: Human Rights Award, Onondaga County Human Rights Commission.<ref name="CV" /> * 2004: Beyond Community Recognition Awards, Inc.<ref name="CV" /> * Lifetime Community Service Award (CNY Women Syracuse Chapter).{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> * 2007: Laura J. and L. Douglas Meredith Professor for Teaching Excellence, Syracuse University. * 2007: Distinguished Africanist Scholar Award, New York African Studies Association (NYASA).<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2007 |title=Mugo honored with 2007 Distinguished Africanist Award |url=https://news.syr.edu/blog/2007/04/06/mugo-honored-with-2007-distinguished-africanist-award/ |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=Syracuse University News |publisher=Syracuse University}}</ref> * 2008: Girl Scouts Women of Distinction Award, Lafayette Country Club.<ref name="CV" /> * 2008: Central New York (CNY) Women of Distinction Award, for contributions to the Syracuse community. * 2009: United Women of Africa Organization (UWAO) Award for Visionary Leadership Award.<ref name="CV" /> * 2010: Lifetime Achievement Award, Pan African Studies Program, Syracuse University. * 2012: Mwalimu Julius Nyerere Distinguished Lecturer Award, [[Jami'ar Dar es Salaam|University of Dar es Salaam]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muiruri |first=Mwangi |date=1 July 2023 |title=Prof Micere Mugo pens her last life at 80 |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/prof-micere-mugo-pens-her-last-life-at-80-4289638 |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=The Nation}}</ref> * 2013: Flora Nwapa Award for excellence in Africana literature, African Literature Association. * 2013: Elder of the Burning Spear, Government of Kenya. * 2020: Doctor of Letters Honorary Degree, [[Jami'ar Nairobi|University of Nairobi]]. * 2021: Lifetime Achievement Award in African Literature, Royal African Society.<ref name="RAS press release" /> * 2022: Lifetime Achievement Award, the Defenders Coalition and the Embassy of Sweden in Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murua |first=James |author-link=James Murua |date=1 July 2023 |title=Micere Mugo has passed away |url=https://www.writingafrica.com/micere-mugo-has-passed-away/ |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=[[Writing Africa]]}}</ref> * 2023: Proclamation from the Mayor's Office, City of Syracuse. * 2024: Fonlon-Nichols Award from the African Literature Association.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2014 |title=The Fonlon-Nichols Award |url=https://africanlit.org/the-fonlon-nichols-award/ |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=africanlit.org |publisher=African Literature Association}}</ref> == Kyauta == Ita ce batun tarin litattafai a cikin girmamawa, Making Life Sing in Pursuit of Utu: The Micere Githae Mugo Story (Bookcraft, 2022), wanda D. Ndirangu Wachanga ya shirya, mai ba da labarinta kuma farfesa na nazarin kafofin watsa labarai da kimiyyar bayanai a Jami'ar Wisconsin, wanda kuma ya yi fim din fim na wannan taken. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2019 |title=CinemAfriq Film Screening: Making life sing in pursuit of utu |url=https://africa.harvard.edu/event/cinemafriq-film-screening-making-life-sing-pursuit-utu |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=Center for African Studies |publisher=harvard University |archive-date=7 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407074805/https://africa.harvard.edu/event/cinemafriq-film-screening-making-life-sing-pursuit-utu |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wachanga |first=Ndirangu |date=18 August 2023 |title=Reflections: The Micere I Knew |url=https://www.theelephant.info/reflections/2023/08/18/the-micere-i-knew/ |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=The Elephant}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1xzf45am3eni4n2xeuhpwqm1nlwwo60 0 152488 892760 889730 2026-08-08T06:01:59Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 892760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Mali''' suna da ƙalubale da yawa. Mali ƙasa ce mai ƙarancin kuɗi a arewa maso yammacin Afirka: Ya zuwa 2025, tana cikin matsayi na 188 a kan Ƙididdigar Ci gaban Dan Adam ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] (daga cikin ƙasashe 193). Saurin karuwar yawan jama'a a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, haɗe da iyakantaccen ababen more rayuwa, ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙuntataccen ruwa mai tsabta da tsabtace muhalli.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aikins |first=Enoch |date=August 14, 2025 |title=Mali: current Path |url=https://futures.issafrica.org/geographic/guide.pdf?geography=ML&topic=02-current-path |journal=ISS African Future}}</ref> Shirye-shiryen da gwamnati, USAID da sauran kungiyoyin kasa da kasa suka yi sun inganta damar samun ruwan sha mai kyau.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Water, sanitation and hygiene {{!}} UNICEF |url=https://www.unicef.org/mali/en/water-sanitation-and-hygiene |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=www.unicef.org |language=en}}</ref> Rashin daidaito tsakanin yankunan karkara da birane ya ci gaba da ci gaba: Kimanin kashi 68% na yawan mutanen karkara a Mali suna da damar samun sabis na ruwan sha na asali, yayin da kashi 27% na yawan mutanen ƙauyuka ke amfani da albarkatun ruwa marasa kariya don ruwan sha ko amfani da gida.<ref name=":72">{{Cite web |title=Water / Mali {{!}} Interactive Country Fiches |url=https://dicf.unepgrid.ch/mali/water#:~:text=With%20its%20population%20of,is%20not%20operational%20%5B1%5D. |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=dicf.unepgrid.ch}}</ref> Ruwa mara kyau yana ƙara haɗarin cututtuka da ke cikin ruwa waɗanda zasu iya zama masu haɗari. Wadannan na iya haɗawa da cututtukan cututtukani ko cututtuken zawo kamar kwalara, [[Zazzabin Rawaya|typhoid]], da dysentery.<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |title=Drinking-water |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> Babban ruwan sama shine kogin Nijar da [[Senegal]] da kuma yankunansu. Ruwan sama na yau da kullun da raguwar ruwan sama yana shafar wadatar albarkatun ruwa. Rashin ruwa yana da mahimmanci ga tsaron abinci a Mali.<ref name=":72" /> Ci gaban Mali a fadada ruwa da ababen more rayuwa na tsaftacewa ya dogara da dalilai da yawa, kamar canjin manufofi da haɓaka ilimin al'umma, da kuma albarkatun don aiwatar da ababen hawa sun dogara sosai ga kudade na waje da manufofin ƙasa.<ref name=":3" /> == Tattalin Arziki == Matsayin yanzu na samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa a Mali an tsara shi ne ta hanyar tarihin kasar da tattalin arzikin kasar. Mali ta sami 'yancin kai a shekarar 1960. Babban kashi na yawan jama'arta yana cikin bangaren da ba na al'ada ba, kuma tun daga 2023, kashi 33% na GDP ya fito ne daga bangaren da na al'umma ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mali - ISS African Futures |url=https://futures.issafrica.org/geographic/countries/mali/ |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=futures.issafrica.org |language=en}}</ref> Yana da yawan jama'a da ke ƙaruwa da sauri: Yawan jama'a ya ninka sau huɗu daga miliyan 5 a cikin 1960 zuwa sama da miliyan 21 a cikin 2022.<ref name=":72"/> Mali ta fuskanci fari na shekaru goma daga ƙarshen shekarun 1960 har zuwa shekarun 1980. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahel Drought and Famine, 1968–1985 |url=https://www.environmentandsociety.org/tools/keywords/sahel-drought-and-famine-1968-1985 |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=Environment & Society Portal |language=en}}</ref> Wannan rikicin ya karkatar da hankalin manufofi ga samar da ruwa na gaggawa Ba har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1980 ba ne aka kaddamar da aikin samar da ruwa ta farko a yankunan karkara ta hanyar mai saka hannun jari na waje.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Four-year effort kicks off in rural Mali to bring clean water to a growing population |url=https://www.niras.com/news/four-year-effort-kicks-off-in-rural-mali-to-bring-clean-water-to-a-growing-population/ |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=Niras |language=en-US}}</ref> Mali tana fuskantar matsalolin kudi a ci gaban ababen more rayuwa: Rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa da raunin tattalin arziki bayan 2012 sun hana ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mali |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/sahel-adaptive-social-protection-program-trust-fund/country-work/mali |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> Mali tana da matukar damuwa ga tasirin canjin yanayi, gami da hamada, fari, mamayewar fari, da ambaliyar ruwa.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Mali {{!}} Interactive Country Fiches |url=https://dicf.unepgrid.ch/mali |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=dicf.unepgrid.ch}}</ref> [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] da matsalolin kiwon lafiya, tsaro, zamantakewa, da siyasa na 2020 sun haifar da karuwar kashewa da ci gaban yawan talauci.<ref name=":8" /> Don haka, Mali ta dogara da kudade na waje don fadada ababen more rayuwa don samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa: USAID ta goyi bayan ayyukan ci gaban noma a Mali tun 1961, kuma ta kara ayyukan ci gabanta a Kudancin kasar tare da ayyukan ruwa da tsabtatawa na karkara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-10 |title=USAID Mali: Agriculture and Economic Growth Program Overview (July 2023) - Mali {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/usaid-mali-agriculture-and-economic-growth-program-overview-july-2023 |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}</ref> Kungiyar Ci Gaban Duniya da Bankin Duniya sun ba da kuɗi ga ayyukan shekaru da yawa a Mali, gami da rigakafin makantar kogi, taimakon fari, ci gaban karkara, taimakon bashi da ayyukan sake gina ruwa da ababen more rayuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Bold Vision to Defeat River Blindness |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/archive/history/exhibits/A-Bold-Vision-to-Defeat-River-Blindness |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank Group - Archives Country Historical Profiles |url=https://countryhistoricalprofiles.worldbank.org/home?year=2024 |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=countryhistoricalprofiles.worldbank.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mali {{!}} International Development Association - World Bank {{!}} International Development Association - World Bank |url=https://ida.worldbank.org/en/country/mali |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=ida.worldbank.org}}</ref> == Yanayi da Canjin Yanayi == [[Fayil:Mali_map_of_Köppen_climate_classification.svg|thumb|Yanayin yanayi, Mali]] Canjin yanayi yana ƙara tasiri ga samar da ruwa da tsabtace muhalli na Mali. Rashin yanayin zafi, fari mai yawa, ruwan sama mara kyau da raguwar sake caji na ruwa na ƙasa sun rage yawan ruwan sama da ruwan ƙasa da ke cikin ƙasar. Mali ta dogara sosai da rijiyoyi da aquifers don samar da ruwa. Rage wadatar ruwa kai tsaye yana tasiri ga ruwan sha, ayyukan noma da tsaro na abinci. Bugu da ƙari, rashin kwanciyar hankali na ruwa wanda ya haifar da yanayi na iya kara tsananta gasar albarkatu, musamman a yankunan karkara, yana ba da gudummawa ga tashin hankali na zamantakewa da rashin tsaro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank: the importance of groundwater on climate resilience in the Sahel |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2023/10/05/afw-world-bank-the-importance-of-groundwater-on-climate-resilience-in-the-sahel |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanin Sashe == === Manufar Ci Gaban Ci Gaban 6 === [[Fayil:ISS-66_Niger_River,_Mali.jpg|thumb|Kogin Neja a Mali]] Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci gaba sun haɗa da SDG 6, wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana a matsayin tabbatar da wadata da kuma gudanar da ruwa da tsabtace muhalli ga kowa da kowa nan da shekara ta 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |title=Goal 6: Water and Sanitation |url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/water-and-sanitation/ |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=United Nations Sustainable Development |language=en-US}}</ref> Dangane da ci gaba tare da SDG 6, yawan mutanen da ke amfani da akalla ayyukan shan giya na asali sun inganta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |editor-last=Sustainable Development Report |title=SDG Progress in Mali |url=https://dashboards.sdgindex.org/profiles/mali/}}</ref> Koyaya, yawan jama'a da ke amfani da akalla ayyukan tsabtace muhalli sun tsaya.<ref name=":0" /> === Infrastructure na fasaha === Wells yana aiki ne a matsayin tushen ruwa na farko ga al'ummomi da yawa a Mali.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Birhanu |first=Birhanu Zemadim |last2=Tabo |first2=Ramadjita |date=2016-04-30 |title=Shallow wells, the untapped resource with a potential to improve agriculture and food security in southern Mali |journal=Agriculture & Food Security |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=5 |bibcode=2016AgFS....5....5B |doi=10.1186/s40066-016-0054-8 |issn=2048-7010 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Kudin rijiyoyi da famfo, tare da kula da su, sau da yawa yana da yawa kuma sabili da haka yana haifar da ayyukan tsabtace jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Water Initiative: Mali |url=https://www.iied.org/global-water-initiative-mali |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=www.iied.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Vaught |first=Christopher |year=2003 |title=Water Treatment and Supply in Kayes, Mali, West Africa: Treatment Processes, Operations, and Economics |url=https://files.peacecorps.gov/multimedia/pdf/learn/whyvol/masters/theses/Engineering/VaughtChristopherAbstract.pdf |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Peace Corps |publisher=Peace Corps / Michigan Technological University}}</ref> Ana yawan haƙa rijiyoyin da hannu, wanda sau da yawa yakan haifar da karuwar matakan rushewa wanda ke haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa daga turɓaya da tarkace.<ref name=":1" /> Har ila yau, akwai haɗarin ruwa mai tsayawa wanda ke samar da wurin haifuwa ga ƙwayoyin cuta da [[sauro]] waɗanda ke haifar da batun wurin haifuwar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Dao |first=A. |last2=Yaro |first2=A. S. |last3=Diallo |first3=M. |last4=Timbiné |first4=S. |last5=Huestis |first5=D. L. |last6=Kassogué |first6=Y. |last7=Traoré |first7=A. I. |last8=Sanogo |first8=Z. L. |last9=Samaké |first9=D. |last10=Lehmann |first10=T. |date=2014-12-18 |title=Signatures of aestivation and migration in Sahelian malaria mosquito populations |journal=Nature |volume=516 |issue=7531 |pages=387–390 |bibcode=2014Natur.516..387D |doi=10.1038/nature13987 |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=4306333 |pmid=25470038}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ana barin rijiyoyin ba a rufe su ba kuma ba a kula da su ba, saboda ana ɗaukar magani a matsayin mai tsada ko wanda ba a iya isa ba. Wannan yana gabatar da haɗari ga batutuwan lafiyar ɗan adam, musamman ta hanyar cututtukan da ke cikin ruwa.<ref name=":1" /> === Farashin Ruwa === Sanya farashin ruwa batu ne mai matukar rudarwa: A garin Kayes na ƙasar Mali, wani bincike da aka gudanar a farkon shekarun 2000 ya gano cewa gidaje suna kashe matsakaicin kashi 23% na kuɗan shigarsu na wata-wata wajen siyan ruwa. Farashin lita 1,000 na ruwa ya kasance tsakanin $1.50 USD zuwa $2 USD a cikin samfuran da aka ɗauka, wanda hakan babban farashi ne idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin kuɗin shigar mazauna yankin.<ref name=":23">{{Cite web |last=Vaught |first=Christopher |year=2003 |title=Water Treatment and Supply in Kayes, Mali, West Africa: Treatment Processes, Operations, and Economics |url=https://files.peacecorps.gov/multimedia/pdf/learn/whyvol/masters/theses/Engineering/VaughtChristopherAbstract.pdf |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Peace Corps |publisher=Peace Corps / Michigan Technological University}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, sayar da ruwa dalla-dalla shi ne babban hanyar samun ruwa ga matalautan al'ummomi waɗanda ba su haɗa da babban layin rarraba ruwa na gwamnati ba. Ana sayar da ruwan rijiya, kuma farashinsa ya kan bambanta dangane da nisan da ke tsakanin mutum da rijiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Champetier |first=S |year=2008 |title=Potable water production in Mali is mainly supplied by the mixed-economy company (EDM) |url=https://www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/202.6-00INBA-18941.pdf |access-date=2025-11-19 |publisher=IRC International Water & Sanitation Centre}}</ref> === Ingancin Ruwa a Cibiyoyin Gwamnati === Tsaftar ruwa da ingancinsa su ma manyan matsaloli ne a asibitocin ƙasar Mali. A asibitoci, mata da ke shirin haihuwa suna fuskantar babban haɗari na matsalolin lafiya saboda rashin ƙarfin cibiyoyin lafiya wajen hana kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban. Yawancinsu kan tilastu su yi baƙar buƙata a waje saboda rashin rukunonin gidajen wanka na jama'a. Kashi 20% ne kawai na cibiyoyin lafiya a Mali aka bayar da rahoton cewa suna da tsaftataccen ruwa. Irin wannan yanayi yana faruwa idan aka zo batun makarantun Mali. Kashi 57% ne kawai na makarantu ke samar da wani nau'i na wuraren tsafta, kuma mafi ƙanƙantar kaso na wannan adadin ne ke samar wa ɗalibai bandakuna daban-daban tsakanin maza da mata. Don magance wannan matsala, wata ƙungiyar sa-kai mai suna BECEYA ta yi aiki don inganta samar da ruwa, dakunan kewayawa, da kayan aikin tsafta a cibiyoyin lafiya na Mali. A cewar ma'aikata da masu amfani da cibiyoyin, inganta tsarin ruwa da tsafta (WASH) a cibiyoyin lafiya ya inganta ingancin kulawa, ya rage haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka, sannan ya samar da kyakkyawan yanayi na lafiya ga marasa lafiya, ma'aikata, da ma al'umma baki ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ngangue |first1=Patrice |last2=Robert |first2=Katherine |last3=Ly |first3=Birama Apho |last4=Traoré |first4=Fatoumata |last5=Philibert |first5=Leonel |last6=Vezina |first6=Maude |last7=Bationo |first7=Nestor |date=2023-03-17 |title=Evaluating the effects of an intervention to improve the health environment for mothers and children in health centres (BECEYA) in Mali: a qualitative study |url=https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com//content/article/44/138/full |journal=The Pan African Medical Journal |language=English |volume=44 |issue=138 |doi=10.11604/pamj.2023.44.138.36736 |issn=1937-8688|doi-access=free }}</ref> Kodayake a cikin shekarar 2022, cututtukan da ake kamuwa da su a cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya a Mali sakamakon rashin isasshen tsarin ruwa da tsafta (WASH) sun lakume kiyasin kuɗi dala miliyan 73 USD, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 0.4% na jimillar arzikin ƙasar (GDP). Waɗannan cututtuka sun kuma yi sanadin mace-macen mutane kusan 5,300 na gaba da kiyasi a waccan shekarar, lamarin da ke nuna irin tasirin kai-tsaye da ƙarancin ruwa ko rashin tsafta a cibiyoyin gwamnati ke da shi a kan tsarin kiwon lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=WaterAid |year=2024 |title=Costs of healthcare-acquired infections due to inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in healthcare facilities in Mali |url=https://washmatters.wateraid.org/sites/g/files/jkxoof256/files/2024-04/Costs-healthcare-acquired-infections-Mali.pdf |access-date=2025-11-20 |publisher=WaterAid |archive-date=2026-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260206132421/https://washmatters.wateraid.org/sites/g/files/jkxoof256/files/2024-04/Costs-healthcare-acquired-infections-Mali.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rashin Samun Ruwa == === Noma === [[File:Mali ricefarmers.jpg|thumb|Manoman shinkafa a ƙasar Mali]] Noma shi ne babban fannin tattalin arziki na farko a ƙasar Mali. Ana ɗaukar Mali a matsayin 'kwandon abinci' na yankin Afirka ta Yamma. Fiye da kadada 200,000 (2000&nbsp;km^2) na fili ne a halin yanzu aka bayar da hayarsa don amfani da shi wajen shashen amfanin gona da ke buƙatar ruwa mai yawa kamar [[shinkafa]] da rake, wanda hakan ke haifar da buƙata ta gaggawa ta inganta tsarin sarrafa ruwa. Yawancin 'yan ƙasar Mali mazauna yankunan karkara matalauta ne masu harkar noman da na fita na daji, waɗanda suka dogara kacokan ga albarkatun ƙasa kuma suna fuskantar barazana daga matsalolin muhalli da rashin samun ruwa mai sauƙi. Rashin ingantaccen tsarin sarrafa ruwa ya haifar da almubazzaranci da rashin ingancin amfani da ruwa, wanda ke haifar da matsaloli kamar lalacewar ababen more rayuwa, lalacewar muhalli, da matsalolin samun ruwa ga wasu mutanen. Sakamakon karuwar birane da haɓakar masana'antu, tare da raguwar samun ruwan sama saboda canjin yanayi, ƙarancin kayan aiki da iyakokin samun ruwa sun fito fili sosai. An kafa hukumar Office du Niger (ON) don gudanarwa da haɓaka filaye da kafofin ruwa a yankin. Hukumar ON ba ta kai-tsaye take kula da kariyar muhalli ba amma tana iya shiga tsakani idan matsalolin muhalli suka shafi tsarin sarrafa ruwa.<ref>Sidibé, Y., & Williams, T. O. (2016). Agricultural land investments and water management in the office du niger, mali: Options for improved water pricing. Water International, 41(5), 738-755. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2016.1178900</ref> Noma a ƙasar Mali mafi yawancinsa ya gudanar ne ta hanyar noman dogaro da ruwan sama, wanda hakan ke sa manoma fuskantar babban haɗari idan aka sami ƙarancin ruwa kuma ya sa sun dogara kacokan ga yanayi. Mafi yawancin ƙasashe masu kyau don noma a Mali sun dogara ne ga ruwan sama, ba ban ruwa ba, wanda hakan ke rage yawan amfanin gona baki ɗaya.<ref name=":5">{{Citation |last1=Mabhaudhi |first1=Tafadzwanashe |title=A Systematic Review of Irrigation Development and Agricultural Water Management in Mali |date=2025 |work=Enhancing Water and Food Security Through Improved Agricultural Water Productivity: New Knowledge, Innovations and Applications |pages=299–340 |editor-last=Mabhaudhi |editor-first=Tafadzwanashe |place=Singapore |publisher=Springer Nature |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-981-96-1848-4_14 |isbn=978-981-96-1848-4 |last2=Dirwai |first2=T. L. |last3=Taguta |first3=C. |last4=Kanda |first4=E. K. |last5=Nhamo |first5=L. |last6=Cofie |first6=O. |editor2-last=Chimonyo |editor2-first=Vimbayi G. P. |editor3-last=Senzanje |editor3-first=Aidan |editor4-last=Chivenge |editor4-first=Pauline P.|doi-access=free }}</ref> Akwai babbar damar gudanar da tsarin ban ruwa a Mali, amma ƙaramin kaso ne kawai na kusan kadada 566,000 na yankin da ya cancanta ake ban-ruwa a halin yanzu ta hanyar amfani da famfo, tsarin dogaro da magudanar ruwa na gravity, ko ma tsarin ban-ruwa da hannu. Ƙananan gonaki da yawa sun dogara ne akan sauƙaƙan dabarun amfani da famfo, igiya, da guga saboda ba su da damar samun sabbin fasahohi masu inganci.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da ƙari, rashin amfanon ruwa a harkar noma kuma yana faruwa ne saboda canjin yanayi da fari. Farra a yankunan karkara na Mali yana da ikon iyakance wadatar ruwa ga amfanin gona da kuma damar samun ruwan sha ga mutane. Musamman ma, wadatar ruwa a wasu sassan ƙasar Mali galibi tana dogara ne akan sauye-sauyen yanayi na lokuta. Wannan yana nufin a lokutan rani ko kuma a yankuna masu nisa da manyan koramu, ruwa yakan yi ƙaranci ga amfanin gona da kuma mutanen da ke noman su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mali |url=https://www.fao.org/in-action/drought-portal/preparedness/vulnerability-and-impact-assessment/national-case-studies/mali/en |access-date=2025-11-21 |website=drought-portal |language=en}}</ref> Wannan sauyin yana haifar da ƙarancin ruwa na tattalin arziki. Duk da samun gagarumin albarkatun ruwa a matakin ƙasa a Mali, rashin daidaiton rarraba wannan ruwan da kuma raunin tsarin sarrafa ruwa yana iyakance damar manoma da yawa da amfanin gona, kuma galibi ba sa samun nasara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=World Bank |year=2024 |title=Mali — Water Resource Challenges and Landscape Restoration |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099010225144542712/pdf/BOSIB11ae327ab049180221182b6ac50ed1.pdf |access-date=2025-11-21 |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> [[File:Men and children withdrawing water for irrigation in the Dogon plateau (Mali) during a sandstorm day.jpg|thumb|Gibar ruwa don ban-ruwa a Dogon Plateau, Mali]] === Tsarin Ban-ruwa na Ƙananan Ma'asuni === Sakamakon rashin kyawun rarraba ruwa a fadin ƙasa a Mali, manoma ba sa iya gudanar da daidaitaccen tsarin noma da samun nasarar girbi don ciyar da al'ummominsu. An ɗauki tsarin ban-ruwa na ƙananan ma'asuni a matsayin mafita ga wannan matsala. Buƙatar ruwan ban-ruwa ga manoman Mali na da wuyar gaske kuma ta wuce adadin da ake da shi, don haka al'ummomi da yawa suna buƙatar sabbin madatsun ruwa na micro-dams ko wuraren tara ruwa, duk da haka ikon ginawa da kula da su zai kasance mai tsada kuma mai iyakancewa. An kuma inganta famfo masu amfani da hasken rana, amma neman gina kasuwa mai dorewa kuma mai sauƙin kuɗi ga waɗannan famfuna tsakanin manoma ya kasance mai wahala kuma ya tsayar da ci gaba. An bayyana tsarin ban-ruwa na ƙananan ma'asuni a matsayin mafita, amma tare da fuskantar matsaloli da yawa, kamar rashin rance, raunin tsarin kasuwannin gida na kayan aikin ban-ruwa, da iyakantaccen ƙarfin fasaha tsakanin manoma, ba cikakkiyar mafita ba ce baki ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mali |url=https://ilssi.tamu.edu/countries/mali/ |access-date=2025-11-21 |website=Innovation Lab For Small Scale Irrigation |language=en-US}}</ref> == Lafiya == === WASH === WASH yana nufin Ruwa, Tsaftar Muhalli, da Tsaftar Jiki (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) kuma wani shiri ne da ke gudana a duk faɗin duniya da ke da nufin inganta wadatar ruwa, tsaftar muhalli, da dabarun tsaftar jiki.<ref name="who.int">{{Cite web |title=Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) |url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-wash |access-date=2025-11-23 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> Kamar yadda mafi kyawun ƙididdiga na Hukumar Asusun Tallafin Yara ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ([[UNICEF]]) ya nuna, a ƙasar Mali, kashi 51% na makarantu ne kawai a yankunan masu ƙaramin ƙarfi ke da damar samun ruwa, kuma kashi 45% ke da isassun wuraren tsafta. Bugu da ƙari, ƙasa da kashi 20% na makarantu ke da bandakuna daban na maza da mata masu aiki yadda ya kamata. Haka kuma, kusan kashi 80% na 'yan ƙasar Mali sun ba da rahoton samun damar yin amfani da ingantattun hanyoyin samun ruwan sha, amma idan aka je yankunan karkara, wannan adadin yana sauka zuwa kusan kashi 70%.<ref name=":3"/> Ana aiwatar da shirye-shiryen WASH a Mali don inganta waɗannan adadi da kuma ƙara damar samun tsaftataccen ruwa. Ƙungiyoyi irin su UNICEF, World Vision, da CARE suna haɗuwa tare da tallafawa WASH don faɗaɗa tasirin ayyukansu.<ref name="who.int"/> === Cututtuka Masu Alƙaba da Ruwa === Cututtuka masu alƙaba da ruwa suna yaɗuwa ne ta hanyar shan ko haɗuwa da gurbataccen ruwa. Rashin ingantacciyar tsaftar ruwa yana ƙara haɗarin cututtuka sosai, inda ya zama babban barazana ga lafiyar ɗan adam a wurare kamar Mali da ke fama da rashin albarkatun tsafta. Cututtuka irin su kwalara, taifot (typhoid), da zawayi na dundee (dysentery) yawanci suna yaɗuwa ne ta hanyar ruwa kuma duk suna da alamomi kamar [[amai]], ciwon ciki, murɗawar tsoka, da matsanancin zawo.<ref name=":62"/> Rashin isasshen damar samun tsaftataccen ruwa da ingantacciyar tsafta a Mali bugu da ƙari yana kawo haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan parasitic na ruwa. Cryptosporidium da Giardia wasu ƙwayoyin cuta ne (parasites) guda biyu na gama-gari da ke yaɗuwa ta ruwa a Mali da sauran sassan duniya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hossain |first1=M. Jahangir |last2=Powell |first2=Helen |last3=Sow |first3=Samba O. |last4=Omore |first4=Richard |last5=Roose |first5=Anna |last6=Jones |first6=Joquina Chiquita M. |last7=Zaman |first7=Syed M. A. |last8=Badji |first8=Henry |last9=Sarwar |first9=Golam |last10=Kasumba |first10=Irene N. |last11=Onwuchekwa |first11=Uma |last12=Doh |first12=Sanogo |last13=Awuor |first13=Alex O. |last14=Ochieng |first14=John B. |last15=Verani |first15=Jennifer R. |date=2023-04-19 |title=Clinical and Epidemiologic Features of Cryptosporidium-Associated Diarrheal Disease Among Young Children Living in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study |journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=76 |issue=76 Suppl1 |pages=S97–S105 |doi=10.1093/cid/ciad044 |issn=1537-6591 |pmc=10116562 |pmid=37074443}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fofana |first1=Hassan K. M. |last2=Schwarzkopf |first2=Maren |last3=Doumbia |first3=Mama N. |last4=Saye |first4=Rénion |last5=Nimmesgern |first5=Anna |last6=Landouré |first6=Aly |last7=Traoré |first7=Mamadou S. |last8=Mertens |first8=Pascal |last9=Utzinger |first9=Jürg |last10=Sacko |first10=Moussa |last11=Becker |first11=Sören L. |date=2019-05-23 |title=Prevalence of Giardia intestinalis Infection in Schistosomiasis-Endemic Areas in South-Central Mali |journal=Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |volume=4 |issue=2 |page=86 |doi=10.3390/tropicalmed4020086 |doi-access=free |issn=2414-6366 |pmc=6630589 |pmid=31126163}}</ref> Shigar waɗannan parasites cikin jiki na kai tsaye ga alamomi iri ɗaya da suka haɗa da zawo, ciwon ciki, da amai. Cututtuka da cututtukan parasitic irin waɗannan na iya zama masu kaza-kaza muddin babu ingantaccen magani. Matsanancin zawo da yawancin cututtukan ruwa na gama-gari ke haifarwa na iya janyo matsananciyar tamowa ([[rashin abinci mai gina jiki]]) da rashin ruwa a jiki (dehydration) wanda ke kai ga ramewa da yuwuwar mutuwa idan ba a yi jiyya ba.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Cryptosporidiosis |url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/cryptosporidiosis |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250806024040/https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/cryptosporidiosis |archive-date=2025-08-06 |access-date=2025-11-19 |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Mali na fama da ƙarancin isassun albarkatu da ababen more rayuwa don yi wa mutanen da ke nuna waɗannan alamun magani. Suna kuma fuskantar matsanancin matakin talauci da ke sa mutane kasa sayen iyakataccen magungunan da ake da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Water, sanitation and hygiene {{!}} UNICEF |url=https://www.unicef.org/mali/en/water-sanitation-and-hygiene |access-date=2025-11-23 |website=www.unicef.org |language=en}}</ref> Wannan yana barin mutane cikin haɗari ga illolin waɗannan alamun kuma ba sa iya samun damar yin jiyya. Saboda wannan dalili, cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da ruwa suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haddasa mutuwa a ƙasar Mali.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reports |first=Staff |date=2016-10-14 |title=Top Diseases in Mali: The Impact & Possible Solutions |url=https://www.borgenmagazine.com/impact-solutions-top-diseases-in-mali/ |access-date=2025-11-23 |website=BORGEN |language=en-US}}</ref> Yara sun fi kowa saurin kamuwa da cututtuka da kuma fuskantar illar alamunsu. Zawo a tsakanin yara shi ne babban dalilin mutuwa a cikin rukunin yara na ƙasar Mali. An gudanar da bincike da yawa da nufin rage wannan matsala, amma adadin yaran da ke mutuwa daga cututtukan ruwa a Mali ya ƙaru. An ambaci zawo a matsayin dalili na biyu mafi girma na rashin lafiya da mace-mace tsakanin yara a duk duniya, inda yake taimakawa wajen kashi 90% na mutuwar yara 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 5 a ƙasashe masu ƙaramin ƙarfi zuwa tsaka-tsaki.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last1=Merid |first1=Mehari Woldemariam |last2=Alem |first2=Adugnaw Zeleke |last3=Chilot |first3=Dagmawi |last4=Belay |first4=Daniel Gashaneh |last5=Kibret |first5=Anteneh Ayelign |last6=Asratie |first6=Melaku Hunie |last7=Shibabaw |first7=Yadelew Yimer |last8=Aragaw |first8=Fantu Mamo |date=2023-06-15 |title=Impact of access to improved water and sanitation on diarrhea reduction among rural under-five children in low and middle-income countries: a propensity score matched analysis |journal=Tropical Medicine and Health |volume=51 |issue=1 |page=36 |doi=10.1186/s41182-023-00525-9 |doi-access=free |issn=1348-8945 |pmc=10268525 |pmid=37322559}}</ref> Ƙaruwar zawo a tsakanin yara tana da alaƙa ta kusa da ruwa, tsaftar muhalli, da tsaftar jiki, wanda galibi ake gajartawa da "WASH".<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Masset |first1=Edoardo |last2=Sharma Waddington |first2=Hugh |date=September 2025 |title=Effectiveness of stand-alone and multi-component water, sanitation and hygiene interventions to reduce mortality in childhood: a network meta-analysis |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s44221-025-00484-x |journal=Nature Water |language=en |volume=3 |issue=9 |pages=1070–1079 |doi=10.1038/s44221-025-00484-x |bibcode=2025NatWa...3.1070M |issn=2731-6084|doi-access=free }}</ref> Damar samun ingantaccen ruwa da tsafta ya nuna gagarumar alaƙa da raguwar cututtukan zawo baki ɗaya.<ref name=":02" /> === Ƙazantar Rijiyoyin Gidaje === Ƙazantar rijiyoyi da bandakunan rami (pit latrines) a yankunan karkara na Mali babban ƙalubale ne na yau da kullum ga inganta tsafta da ingancin ruwa. A cikin shekarar 2017, an gudanar da wani bincike akan rijiyoyin gidaje masu hakar ruwan ƙasa da kuma bandakunan rami a wani ƙauyen karkara a kudancin Mali. Sakamakon haka ya nuna cewa akwai gurɓataccen najasa a cikin rijiyoyin kuma gurɓataccen yana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da yawa da kuma kusancin bandakunan. Yawan jama'a, yawan rijiyoyi, da yawan bandakuna duk sun kasance alamomin ƙididdiga na haɗarin gurɓatawa. Gidaje da yawa suna ƙoƙarin magance ruwansu na rijiyoyi ta amfani da abubuwa kamar bleach, sai dai, dabarun jiyyar tasu galibi ba su da tasiri kuma ba sa kawar da gurɓataccen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martínez-Santos |first1=P. |last2=Martín-Loeches |first2=M. |last3=García-Castro |first3=N. |last4=Solera |first4=D. |last5=Díaz-Alcaide |first5=S. |last6=Montero |first6=E. |last7=García-Rincón |first7=J. |date=October 2017 |title=A survey of domestic wells and pit latrines in rural settlements of Mali: Implications of on-site sanitation on the quality of water supplies |journal=International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health |volume=220 |issue=7 |pages=1179–1189 |doi=10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.08.001 |issn=1618-131X |pmid=28807472 |bibcode=2017IJHEH.220.1179M }}</ref> === Baƙar Buƙata a Waje === Yin baƙar buƙata a fili (waje) abu ne da ke faruwa akai-akai a Mali musamman a yankunan karkara. Fiye da mutane miliyan 1 a Mali har yanzu suna gudanar da baƙar buƙata a waje saboda rashin ingantaccen wuraren tsafta.<ref name=":3" /> Fiye da rabin al'ummar karkara ba su da damar yin amfani da ingantattun dabarun tsaftar ruwa, wanda ke sa wannan ya zama matsala ta gurɓatawa. Cututtuka suna yaɗuwa ta hanyar bayan gida (feces) da ke gurɓata kafofin ruwa, musamman ruwan ƙasa. Ana amfani da gurbataccen ruwa ba tare da sani ba don sha da kuma ayyukan yau da kullum, wanda ke daɗa tsananta yaɗuwar cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da ruwa. == Kamfen da Shiga Tsakani == === Ƙara Wanke Hannu === A cibiyoyin lafiya na ƙasashen Burkina Faso da Mali, an nuna cewa rashin tsaftar hannu a cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, mafi yawanci saboda rashin ababen more rayuwa na WASH, ya nuna yana ƙara cututtuka.<ref name=":12"/> Lokacin da tsaftar hannu ta ƙaru, an sami raguwa mai yawa na haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan asibiti (nosocomial infections) a cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na Mali. Don ƙara tsaftar hannu a waɗannan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na Mali, ana buƙatar ingantattun ababen more rayuwa na WASH.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last1=Galli |first1=Anaïs |last2=Winkler |first2=Mirko S. |last3=Hattendorf |first3=Jan |last4=Friedrich |first4=Max N. D. |last5=Bagayogo |first5=Issa |last6=Ballo |first6=Aboubacar |last7=Bänziger |first7=Carola |last8=Dembélé |first8=Hassane |last9=Keita |first9=Mamadou Sory |last10=Peter |first10=Maryna |last11=Tall |first11=Alimata Ousséni |last12=Utzinger |first12=Jürg |last13=Owen |first13=Branwen Nia |date=2025 |title=Baseline Characteristics of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Targeting Hand Hygiene in Primary Healthcare in Burkina Faso and Mali |journal=International Journal of Public Health |volume=70 |article-number=1608406 |doi=10.3389/ijph.2025.1608406 |doi-access=free |issn=1661-8564 |pmc=12133522 |pmid=40470067}}</ref> Kyawawan ababen more rayuwa na WASH sun haifar da mafi girman kariya da sarrafa cututtuka baki ɗaya a Mali.<ref name=":12" /> === Ingantattun Tsafta === Bincike ya nuna cewa ingantacciyar tsafta tana da tasiri wajen rage yawan mace-mace, wanda a wasu lokutan ya kai kashi 45%. Waɗannan binciken sun nuna cewa ingantacciyar tsafta tana da tasiri sau biyu wajen rage cututtukan ruwa fiye da ingantattun hanyoyin samun ruwan sha, waɗanda ba su yi nasira ba saboda sake gurɓatawa. Sake gurɓatawa, a waɗannan lokutan, yawanci yana faruwa ne a cikin gidaje sakamakon rashin kyawun kula da adana ruwa. An aiwatar da shirye-shiryen rashin isasshen ruwa, tsaftar muhalli, da tsaftar jiki (WASH) don inganta damar samun tsaftataccen ruwa gami da inganta dabarun tsafta don rage gurɓataccen ruwa. Inganta WASH a makarantu ya nuna yana rage cututtukan zawo, cututtukan numfashi na gaggawa, cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa ta ƙasa, da rashin zuwa makaranta tsakanin ɗalibai, kodayake sakamakon ba ɗaya ba ne tsakanin bincike daban-daban. Wannan ya faru ne saboda abubuwa da yawa: raunin tsarin shirin, ƙarancin amincin shirin, iyakantaccen riko, raunin kimanta sakamako, da kuma sakamakon da ɗalibai suka bayar da rahoton kansu. Misali, a ƙasar Mali, fiye da rubu'in makarantu sun ba da rahoton zubar da shararsu a cikin harabar makarantar, wanda ke taimakawa wajen rashin kyawun tsafta, kuma kusan makaranta 1 cikin 10 a Mali ba su da tsari ko ababen more rayuwa na sarrafa shararsu kwata-kwata.<ref name=":02"/> == Manazarta == b1lvllr5lh4etdyml0d7r3gb4mgxa27 0 152629 892618 841234 2026-08-07T16:36:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892618 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  <nowiki>'''Chief Dr. Chukwuemeka Morocco Maduka''' (1944–2020) fitaccen mawaƙin Highlife ne daga ƙabilar Igbo a Najeriya, wanda ya shahara da salon waƙarsa na '''</nowiki>[[Egwu Ekpili]]<nowiki>'''</nowiki>. Wannan salo ne ya sa aka ba shi laƙabin "Eze Egwu Ekpili" ma’ana Sarkin Kiɗan Ekpili. An haife shi ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 1944 a garin [[Ukwulu]] da ke Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Dunukofia]] a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], [[Najeriya]], wanda shi ne garin kakanninsa kuma mahaifarsa ta asali. == Ayyuka == Ya fara harkar waƙa tun yana da shekara 12. Sai dai mahaifinsa da farko bai amince da sha’awarsa ta kiɗa ba, saboda tsoron kada hakan ya jefa shi cikin rayuwar rashin tarbiyya. Mahaifinsa ya fi son ya bi hanyar ilimi ta gargajiya, yana fata ya zama likita ko lauya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2020-05-16 |title=60 years on stage: Mixed bag of puzzle, fairy tale for Morocco Maduka |url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/60-years-on-stage-mixed-bag-of-puzzle-fairy-tale-for-morocco-maduka/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |language=en-US |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> A cikin sana’arsa da ta shafe sama da shekaru sittin, Chief Emeka Morocco Maduka ya fitar da kundin waƙarsa na farko mai suna <nowiki>'''</nowiki>“Aya Nigeria”<nowiki>'''</nowiki> (Yaƙin Najeriya) a shekarar 1971. Daga baya ya ci gaba da samar da kundin waƙoƙi har guda 120 a tsawon rayuwarsa ta kiɗa. Har zuwa lokacin rasuwarsa yana ci gaba da harkar waƙa, inda yake shirye-shiryen fitar da sabon kundi tare da gudanar da wani babban bikin cika shekaru 60 da fara hawa mumbari domin rera waƙa a shekarar 2020.<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RJEzVhGi_yA|title=MUSIC SAVED ME FROM BEING FORCED INTO THE BIAFRAN ARMY ... CHIEF MOROCCO MADUKA|date=2016-09-19|last=UGWUMBA TV|access-date=2024-12-02|via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Afripol |date=2022-06-09 |title=How Nigeria’s Igbo highlife music provided hope after a devastating civil war |url=https://globalvoices.org/2022/06/09/how-nigerias-igbo-highlife-music-provided-hope-after-a-devastating-civil-war/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=Global Voices |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar kai == Morocco ya auri matarsa Bridget Ifeonugekwu Maduka, kuma sun haifi ’ya’ya takwas, waɗanda suka haɗa da maza huɗu da mata huɗu. === Mutuwa === Ya rasu ranar 29 ga Oktoban shekarar 2020 yana da shekaru 76. Tsohon gwamnan Jihar Anambra, Peter Obi, tare da mambobin ƙungiyar Performing Musicians Association of Nigeria (PMAN) daga rassa daban-daban da sauran manyan mutane ne suka halarci jana’izarsa domin girmama shi da yi masa bankwana na ƙarshe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egwu Ekpiri Legend Emeka Morocco Maduka Laid To Rest At Ukwulu Dunukofia Council Area |url=https://www.absradiotv.com/2021/04/09/egwu-ekpiri-legend-emeka-morocco-maduka-laid-to-rest-at-ukwulu-dunukofia-council-area/ |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=Heartbeat Of The East |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202190846/https://www.absradiotv.com/2021/04/09/egwu-ekpiri-legend-emeka-morocco-maduka-laid-to-rest-at-ukwulu-dunukofia-council-area/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] j9jisaciuhygdg79jccv5geiekpzgj6 0 152729 892797 841470 2026-08-08T09:30:53Z DaSupremo 9834 Fixed typo 892797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The '''Bou Regreg''' ( Arabic ) [[kogi]] ne da ke yammacin [[Moroko|Morocco]] wanda ke kwarara zuwa [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] tsakanin biranen [[Rabat]] da [[Salé]] . Ana kiran mashigar wannan kogin '''da Wadi Sala''' . Kogin yana da tsawon kilomita 240, tare da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai tsawon kilomita 24 da ke tashi sama da kogin. Matsakaicin fitarsa shine mita ²³ a cikin sa'a ɗaya kuma yana iya kaiwa mita 1500 a cikin sa'a ^ɗaya a lokacin [[Ambaliya|ambaliyar ruwa]] . Kogin ya samo asali ne daga tsaunukan [[Tsaunin Atlas|Tsakiyar Atlas]] a tsayin mita 1627 a matakin [[Jbel Mtourzgane]] (lardin Khemisset ) da Grou (lardin Khénifra ) kuma ya gangara zuwa bakinsa a [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]], yana raba biranen Rabat a kudu da Salé a arewa. == Ingancin ruwa == Matsalolin [[ingancin ruwa]] na Bou Regreg sun haɗa da kutsewar ruwan gishiri, [[Kwararar ruwa|kwararar]] nitrates mai yawa daga [[Noma|amfanin gona]] da gurɓatar mercury da ake tsammanin yana tasowa sakamakon amfani da wasu [[Maganin Kashe Kwari|magungunan kashe kwari]] a cikin [[Ruwan ruwa|magudanar ruwa]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tarik Bahaj, ''Geochemical Characteristics of the Continental Waters Downstream from the Bou Regreg Basin and the Temara Plain, Morocco'', October 30, 2007 |url=http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2007AM/finalprogram/abstract_124631.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020212632/https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2007AM/finalprogram/abstract_124631.htm |archive-date=October 20, 2014 |access-date=November 25, 2007}}</ref> == Tarihi == Phoenicians da Carthaginians, wadanda suka kafa yankuna da yawa a Maroko, sun zauna a bakin Bou Regreg kimanin kilomita biyu daga bakinsa a tsohuwar shafin Chellah. Wannan shafin binciken archaeological ya ƙunshi rushewa wani garin [[Romawa na Da|Roman]] da aka sani da Sala Colonia kuma Ptolemy ya kira shi Sala. Chellah wani muhimmin birni ne na tsohuwar tashar jiragen ruwa tare da ragowar da ta hada da Decumanus Maximus, ko kuma babbar hanyar, da kuma wadanda ke cikin wani taro, wani maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, wani baka na nasara, da sauran rushewar Romawa. == Manazarta == ktkebdpebrox8f08cv661382h136a56 0 152730 892828 841472 2026-08-08T10:04:50Z DaSupremo 9834 Fixed typo 892828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The '''Draa''' ( Arabic ; wanda kuma aka rubuta '''Dra''' ko '''Drâa''', a cikin tsoffin majiyoyi galibi '''Darha''' ko '''Dara''' ) shine kogin mafi tsayi a [[Moroko|Morocco]], mai {{Convert|1100|km|mi}} . An samar da shi ta hanyar haɗuwar [[Kogin Dadès]] da Kogin Imini . Yana gudana daga tsaunukan High Atlas, da farko kudu maso gabas zuwa Tagounite, kuma daga Tagounite galibi yamma zuwa bakinsa a Tekun Atlantika a arewacin Tan-Tan . A shekarar 1971, an gina madatsar ruwa ta (El) Mansour Eddabi don hidima ga babban birnin yankin Ouarzazate da kuma daidaita kwararar ruwan Draa. Yawancin lokaci a shekara, ɓangaren Draa bayan Tagounite yana bushewa. A rabin farko na karni na 20, mafi ƙasƙanci na Draa ya nuna iyaka tsakanin [[Kariyar Faransa a Maroko|ikon mallakar ƙasar Morocco ta Faransa]] da yankin da ke ƙarƙashin mulkin Sipaniya . Kwarin ya ƙunshi tsarin Fezouata, waɗanda su ne ma'adanai irin na Burgess shale waɗanda suka samo asali daga Lower Ordovician, suna cike wani muhimmin tagar kiyayewa tsakanin Cambrian lagerstätten na gama gari da kuma Martial Ordovician Soom shale . <ref name="DeRoy2010">{{Cite journal |last=Van Roy |first=P. |last2=Orr |first2=P. J. |last3=Botting |first3=J. P. |last4=Muir |first4=L. A. |last5=Vinther |first5=J. |last6=Lefebvre |first6=B. |last7=Hariri |first7=K. E. |last8=Briggs |first8=D. E. G. |author-link8=Derek Briggs |year=2010 |title=Ordovician faunas of Burgess Shale type |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/1252174/file/1252176 |url-status=live |journal=Nature |volume=465 |issue=7295 |pages=215–8 |bibcode=2010Natur.465..215V |doi=10.1038/nature09038 |pmid=20463737 |s2cid=4313285 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225134012/https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/1252174/file/1252176 |archive-date=2024-02-25 |access-date=2024-02-24}}</ref> A cikin burbushin halittu akwai halittu da yawa da aka yi zaton sun mutu bayan tsakiyar Cambrian . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gill |first=Victoria |date=13 May 2010 |title=BBC News - Fossil find resolves ancient extinction mystery |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8678459.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202124849/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8678459.stm |archive-date=2 February 2020 |access-date=2 September 2015 |website=[[BBC Online]] |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Tarihi na farko === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{See also|Saharan rock art}}Ayyukan ɗan adam a cikin kwarin Draa da tsaunuka da ke kusa da su sun kasance aƙalla zuwa Lower Paleolithic, kamar yadda kayan aikin Oldowan da Acheulean da aka samo kusa da Tamegroute suka tabbatar. Shafukan Paleolithic na Tsakiya sun yadu.<ref name="mattingly2017">{{Cite journal |last=Mattingly |first=David J. |last2=Bokbot |first2=Youssef |last3=Sterry |first3=Martin |last4=Cuénod |first4=Aurelie |last5=Fenwick |first5=Corisande |last6=Gatto |first6=Maria Carmela |last7=Ray |first7=Nick |last8=Rayne |first8=Louise |last9=Janin |first9=Katrien |last10=Lamb |first10=Andrew |last11=Mugnai |first11=Niccoló |last12=Nikolaus |first12=Julia |date=2017 |title=Long-term History in a Moroccan Oasis Zone: The Middle Draa Project 2015 |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/jaa/15/2/article-p141_141.xml?ebody=article%20details&Tab%20Menu=article |url-status=live |journal=Journal of African Archaeology |volume=15 |issue=2 |page=149 |doi=10.1163/21915784-12340009 |issn=1612-1651 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521145535/https://brill.com/view/journals/jaa/15/2/article-p141_141.xml?ebody=article%20details&Tab%20Menu=article |archive-date=21 May 2024 |access-date=7 February 2024 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ana iya samun zane-zane na dutse na zamanin Neolithic a ko'ina cikin kwarin Draa, wanda ke nuna wuraren farauta da shanu na gida. Jerin lokutan waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon ba shi da tabbas, amma farkon na iya kasancewa a cikin karni na 3 KZ.{{Sfn|Searight|2001}} === Kafin 1054 === [[Fayil:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|Taswirar Ptolemy na Afirka. Kogin Draa, Dara fl. yana cikin tsakiyar taswirar, kawai a kudancin tsaunuka, sama da kalmar Garamantes . fl. ita ce taƙaice don flumen, kogin Latin.]] Kogin Draa kuma sananne ne ga Romawa na dā. Ya bayyana a taswirar duniya ta farko a tarihi da Ptolemy (90-168 AD) ya yi. (Babu "taswirar duniya ta farko" da Ptolemy ya yi, kuma babu wasu taswirar rubuce-rubucen da Ptolemy ta yi. Taswirar "Ptolemaic" da aka buga, da farko da suka bayyana a ƙarshen ƙarni na 15, sun dogara ne akan bayanan Ptolemy, misali wanda za a rubuta latitude da longitude na wurare daban-daban; irin waɗannan taswirar ba su dogara ne akan taswirar da Ptolemy.) === Wattasids === [[Fayil:The_river_draa.JPG|right|thumb|Kogin Draa]] A lokacin mulkin Wattasid Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad, Askia Ishaq I na [[Daular Songhai]] ya aika da maharan [[Buzaye|Tuareg]] zuwa kwarin Draa don rama zargi na diflomasiyya inda Morocco ta bukaci a ba da ma'adinin gishiri mai daraja na Taghaza. ==Manazarta== s1v8e4pvc5v7miazorxss15v3cwnv37 0 152734 892834 841480 2026-08-08T10:07:14Z DaSupremo 9834 Fixed typo 892834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Bay_of_Tangier.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Bay of Tangier daga ƙarshen yamma]] '''Bay of Tangier''' ( Arabic ) wani bakin teku ne da ke kewaye da [[Tanja|Tangier]] a [[Bahar Rum]] a arewacin [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Yana samar da ruwa tsakanin tashar jiragen ruwa da Cap Malabata a siffar zagaye. [[Avenue d'Espagne]] yana gudana tare da bakin teku kuma an san shi da otal-otal da manyan cibiyoyin zamani. [[Fayil:Tangier_5184a.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|Ra'ayi na Bay of Tangier a faɗuwar rana kamar yadda aka gani daga unguwar Malabata.]] {{Clear}} == Manazarta == 4wsmr66scfhnv55w2t2xbifc3720n6g 0 152850 892959 878756 2026-08-08T11:32:14Z DaSupremo 9834 Added databox 892959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Madatsar ruwan Al Wahda''', wacce a da aka fi sani da '''Madatsar ruwan M'Jaara''', madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan kogin Ouergha kusa da [[M´Jaara]] a lardin Ouezzane, [[Moroko|Morocco]] . An gina ta ne don magance ambaliyar ruwa, ban ruwa, [[Samar da Ruwa|samar da ruwa]] da samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa . Ita ce madatsar ruwa ta biyu mafi girma a arewacin Afirka kuma mafi girma a Morocco. <ref name="large">{{Cite web |date=10 June 2008 |title=Lake Al Wahda Morocco |url=https://unepatlas.blogspot.com/2008/06/lake-al-wahda.html |access-date=17 October 2010 |publisher=Atlas of Our Changing Environment}}</ref> An bayyana ta ta hanyar [[Land Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone|Interactions of the Coastal Zone]] (LOICZ) a matsayin "madatsar ruwa ta biyu mafi muhimmanci a Afirka bayan madatsar ruwa ta High Aswan ." <ref>{{Cite web |last=R. Arthurton |last2=M. Le Tissier |last3=M. Snoussi |last4=J. Kitheka |last5=Y. Shaghude |last6=A. Kane |last7=G. Flöser |last8=H. Kremer |date=2008 |title=Global Change Assessment and Synthesis of River Catchment - Coastal Sea Interactions and Human Dimensions in Africa |url=http://www.loicz.org/imperia/md/content/loicz/print/rsreports/loicz-r_s32-web.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719115052/http://www.loicz.org/imperia/md/content/loicz/print/rsreports/loicz-r_s32-web.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2011 |access-date=17 October 2010 |publisher=[[LOICZ]] |page=10}}</ref> == Tarihi == A shekarar 1988, Hukumar Ruwa da Yanayi ta yi la'akari da madatsar ruwan kuma daga ƙarshe aka ba da shawarar a yi amfani da ita don ci gaba. An fara gina madatsar ruwan a shekarar 1991, an fara ƙirƙirar madatsar ruwansa a shekarar 1996 kuma [[Hassan ll na Maroko|Sarki Hassan na Biyu]] ya ƙaddamar da shi a ranar 20 ga Maris, 1997. <ref name="major">{{Cite web |last=Boumehdi |first=Ahmed |date=March 12, 2003 |title=Grands équipements : le barrage Al Wahda |url=http://www.maghress.com/fr/lematin/35054%3Bjsessionid%3D6E6DE85172A483C0A2B7BE90D3F61070%26prev%3D/search%3Fq%3Dbarrage%2Bwahda%26start%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1B3GGIC |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329045751/http://www.maghress.com/fr/lematin/35054%3Bjsessionid%3D6E6DE85172A483C0A2B7BE90D3F61070%26prev%3D/search%3Fq%3Dbarrage%2Bwahda%26start%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1B3GGIC |archive-date=29 March 2020 |access-date=17 October 2010 |publisher=Maghress}}</ref> Jimillar mutane {{Convert|14000000|m3|ft3}} An haƙa kayan gini a lokacin gini. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Al Wahda M'Jaara Dam |url=http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?id=s0003774 |access-date=17 October 2010 |publisher=[[Structurae]] |archive-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208010003/https://structurae.net/en/structures/al-wahda-dam |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayani na musamman == Dam din nau'in laka ne wanda aka yi da mita 28,000,000 (990,000,000 na kayan aiki da meters 720,000 (25,000,000 cu . Yana da mita 88 (289 tsawo a mafi girman matsayi kuma babban ɓangaren madatsar ruwan yana da mita 1,600 (5,200 tsawon. Kai tsaye zuwa arewa kuma kusa da hanyar zubar da ruwa akwai madatsar ruwa mai tsawon mita 1,000 (3,300 da mita 30 (98 ft) tsawo. Hanyar madatsar ruwan, a tsakiya tana sarrafawa ta ƙofofi shida kuma tana da damar fitarwa sama da mita cubic 13,000 a kowace dakika (460,000 cu ft / s). <ref name="major"/> == Tashar wutar lantarki == An samar da wutar lantarki, a yatsan madatsar ruwan kuma kusa da hanyar zubar da ruwa ta hanyar mita 10.8 (35 diamita da mita 247 (810 mai tsawo wanda hakan ke canja wurin ruwa zuwa penstocks uku. Kowane ɗayan yana da mita 5.7 (19 a diamita mita 60 (200 a tsawon. Wannan makircin yana ba da mita 62 (203 na shugaban ruwa da har zuwa mita 450 a kowace dakika (16,000 cu ft / s) ga Turbines na Francis.<ref name="major"/> Kowane turbine yana da ƙarfin janareta {{Convert|80|MW}} don jimlar ƙarfin shigarwa na {{Convert|240|MW}} hp). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hydroelectric Power Plants in Morocco |url=http://www.industcards.com/hydro-morocco.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090718211450/http://www.industcards.com/hydro%2Dmorocco.htm |archive-date=18 July 2009 |access-date=17 October 2010 |publisher=IndustCards}}</ref> == Tasirin == Dam din ya sami tasiri mai kyau a cikin ruwa ta hanyar samar da ruwa don sha da ban ruwa. Bugu da kari, ya taimaka wajen rage ambaliyar ruwa a yankin Gharb tare da Kogin Ouergha da Sebou da kashi %. Yana samar da ruwa don yiwuwar ban ruwa na sama da hekta 110,000 (270,000 acres). Wutar lantarki da tashar wutar lantarki ta madatsar ruwan ta samar tana rage ƙonewar tan 140,000 (ton 140,000 mai tsawo; tan 150,000 gajeren) na man fetur a shekara tare da biyan buƙatun makamashi. Rashin tafkin duk da haka yana da babban adadin siltation kuma an kiyasta ya rasa mita miliyan {{Convert|60|e6m3}} (2.1^9 cu na ajiya a kowace shekara. Yankin da aka kama a cikin tafkin kuma bai kai ga bakin teku ba wanda ke kara lalacewa a bakin tekun.<ref name="large" /> ==manazarta== i1l8lgl9w9smwdehewptt9c0e0eolcy 0 153048 892960 842344 2026-08-08T11:36:44Z DaSupremo 9834 Fixed typo 892960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Douglas Weir''' madatsar ruwa ce a kan Kogin Vaal, kusa da Douglas, Arewacin Cape, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . An kafa shi a 1896 kuma ya girma a 1977. == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin tafkuna da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]] * [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]] == Manazarta == 0r863bnluus43i4k6151lyk3uya7h3n 0 153052 892963 842354 2026-08-08T11:38:37Z DaSupremo 9834 Fixed typo 892963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dasaneng Dam''', wani madatsar ruwa ne mai cike da ƙasa a kan Kogin Molopo a cikin Karamar Hukumar Ratlou, kusa da iyakar Karamar Hukumar Mahikeng kuma ba da nisa da Mmabatho, Arewa maso Yamma, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. An kafa shi a cikin 1980 kuma ainihin manufarsa ita ce ban ruwa. Yana ba da babbar damar kamun kifi ga nau'o'in kamar carp, king carp, tilapia, catfish kuma kwanan nan an gabatar da nau'in bass wanda ke sannu a hankali yana karɓar wannan madatsar ruwan. A bangon madatsar ruwan, akwai babban taro na tsuntsaye masu ƙaura. == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin tafkuna da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]] * [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]] == Manazarta == a65n2ot3ebewainppmuhc1qrxdxc0rl 0 153057 892965 886295 2026-08-08T11:41:27Z DaSupremo 9834 Fixed typo 892965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Madatsar ruwan Boegoeberg''' madatsar ruwa ce mai nauyi a kan [[Kogin Orange]], kusa da Prieska, Arewacin Cape, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . An fara ginin ne a 1926 kuma an kammala shi a 1933. Boegoeberg an sanya masa suna ne saboda karamin itace ''Croton gratissimus'', wanda aka fi sani da Bergboegoe . Babban manufarta ita ce ban ruwa kuma tana da ƙarancin haɗari. == Tarihi == An san Groblershoop da sunan Sternham, bayan wani Mista Stern wanda ya gina wani karamin tashar famfo don jawo ruwa daga [[Kogin Orange]] a cikin 1920s kawai don ganin ambaliyar ruwa ta 1925 ta lalata shi. Wani Mista Litchfield ya riga ya kafa janareta na hydroelectric da famfo a kan Orange a cikin shekarun 1890, tunda yana sane da yiwuwar ban ruwa tare da bankunan inda manoma suka ja ruwa da wahala zuwa gonakin su tun 1872. Mista Litchfield ya ba da shawarar tsarin ban ruwa na jama'a a cikin 1895 ba tare da amfani ba. A cikin 1902, Wakilin Consular W.D. Gordon, injiniya tare da Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a ta Cape Colony da ke Cape Town, ya amince da shawarar Litchfield ba tare da amfani ba. A watan Fabrairun 1911, Alfred Dale Lewis, injiniyan sashi tare da Ma'aikatar Ruwa ta Cape Town, ya gudanar da cikakken bincike game da ƙananan Orange. Wani majagaba na ban ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan ban ruwa na kasa daga 1921 zuwa 1941, ya gudanar da binciken gargajiya tare da Orange galibi a ƙafa amma a wani bangare a kan doki. A cewar masanin tarihi T.V. Bulpin, gwagwarmayarsa ta hanyar zafi mai tsanani da kuma yanayin da ba a iya wucewa ba a cikin tarihin binciken kimiyya a Afirka ta Kudu. Lewis ya ba da shawarar gina madatsar ruwa a kusa da Boegoeberg (mai suna don kalmar [[Afrikaans]] don shuka buchu da ke girma a kan tuddai na gida) da kuma tashar ban ruwa mai nisan kilomita 130 don samar da kadada 4,000 na ƙasar da za a iya ban ruwa. An dakatar da shi ta hanyar batutuwan kasafin kuɗi, an farfado da shirin a matsayin aikin aiki mai ƙarancin albashi ga marasa aikin yi a ƙarƙashin [[Great Depression|Babban Mawuyacin hali]] na Carnegie Kwamitin Bincike kan Matsalar White a Afirka ta Kudu. Manufar ba kawai don samar da aiki nan take ba har ma da ƙasa don daidaita ma'aikata don sauƙaƙa talaucinsu na dogon lokaci. Aikin yana daga cikin da dama da Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta ƙaddamar. An fara aiki a ranar 23 ga Mayu, 1929, ya fara da bango mai tsawon mita 622, mai tsayi 10 ta Zeekoe Baard's Drift. An ɗaga shingen 68 don tace ruwan ambaliyar ruwa da kama laka, kuma bangon riƙewa ya ba da Ruwan ruwa tashar ruwa da tafki wanda ke ba da damar ban ruwa ya jawo daga kogin har zuwa Augrabies Falls. An gina sansani a wurin da aka ware, gami da alfarwa da gidaje don gidaje ga ma'aikata, shagunan, makaranta, da asibiti. An biya ma'aikata shillings 7, pence 6 a awa daya don nauyin aikinsu. Ma'aikata sun rubuta waka, sun yi rawa, kuma sun raira waƙa don bayyana fatan su cewa aiki tuƙuru zai kawo gonaki, masana'antu, da gidaje a cikin saurinsa. Wani foxtrot mai taken "Boegoeberg's Dam" ya kasance a wannan lokacin, alal misali. Injiniyoyi irin su Adolf Aslasksen, Sven Eklund, Gordon Allen, da D.F. Kokot sun kula da aikin ma'aikata 250 da suka yi aure waɗanda iyalansu suka fi dacewa da halin da ake ciki. ==Manazarta== 1dqbv8wefhrq184suhf6h0pln3qqvvq 0 153199 892961 889329 2026-08-08T11:38:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 5 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | clubname = Pepperest Sports Management and Academy | fullname = Pepperest Sports Management and Academy | nickname = PSMA | founded = 2024 | ground = Sabbath Football Pitch | capacity = | chairman = Dafe Louis Ayiyan-Ohwofachor | manager = | league = N-Youth League Cup | website = {{URL|https://pepperestsocceracademy.org}} | pattern_la1 = | pattern_b1 = | pattern_ra1 = | leftarm1 = | body1 = | rightarm1 = | shorts1 = | socks1 = }} '''Pepperest Sports Management and Academy''' (wanda ake kira '''PSMA''') wata makarantar koyon ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke da hedikwata a jihar Abia tare da wasu ofisoshi a Delta State da kuma ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu. An kafa makarantar ne domin gano da bunƙasa matasan ‘yan wasa masu shekaru tsakanin 13 zuwa 18 tare da samar musu hanyoyin shiga manyan lig-lig na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pepperestsocceracademy.org/about-us/ |title=About Us – Pepperest Sports Management and Academy |website=Pepperest Soccer Academy |access-date=2026-05-29 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pepperestsocceracademy.com/ |title=Academy – Pepperest Sports Management & Academy |website=Pepperest Soccer Academy |access-date=2026-05-29 |archive-date=2025-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250228094315/http://www.pepperestsocceracademy.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Makarantar ta bayyana cewa manufarta ita ce haɓaka matasan ‘yan ƙwallon ƙafa musamman daga yankin Delta State da sauran sassan Najeriya ta hanyar horaswa, tarbiyya da kuma nuna su ga kungiyoyin ƙasashen waje. Haka kuma tana aiki wajen haɗa kai da cibiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Turai domin samar wa ‘yan wasa damar taka leda a matakin ƙwararru.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pepperestsocceracademy.org/ |title=Pepperest Sports Management and Academy – Welcome to Pepperest Sports Management and Academy [PSMA] |website=Pepperest Soccer Academy |access-date=2026-05-29 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cewar bayanan kungiyar, shugaban makarantar shi ne '''Dafe Louis Ayiyan-Ohwofachor''', wanda yake jagorantar harkokin gudanarwa da ci gaban makarantar. Makarantar ta kuma nada tsohon ɗan wasan Najeriya '''Emenike Ezeugo''' a matsayin daraktan fasaha. Ezeugo ya taɓa bugawa kungiyoyi irin su Sharks FC, Lobi Stars, Kwara United, Warri Wolves da Bayelsa United sannan ya wakilci Najeriya a matakan ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru 17 da 20 da kuma tawagar CHAN Eagles ta 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pepperestsocceracademy.org/about-us/ |title=About Us – Pepperest Sports Management and Academy |website=Pepperest Soccer Academy |access-date=2026-05-29 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mista '''Victor Odairi''' ne ke riƙe da mukamin daraktan wasanni na makarantar. Shi tsohon mai tsaron gida ne wanda ya taka leda a gasar Najeriya a shekarun 1990, sannan daga baya ya shiga harkokin gudanar da wasanni da ayyukan cigaban matasa ta hanyar kungiyoyi da gidauniyoyi daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pepperestsocceracademy.org/about-us/ |title=About Us – Pepperest Sports Management and Academy |website=Pepperest Soccer Academy |access-date=2026-05-29 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Pepperest Sports Management and Academy tana daga cikin kungiyoyin da suka shiga gasar '''N-Youth League Cup''' a Najeriya. Bayanan gasar sun nuna cewa kungiyar tana amfani da filin wasa na Sabbath Football Pitch da ke Ubakala a karamar hukumar Umuahia South ta jihar Abia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nylc.ng/club/psma-pepperest-sports-management-and-academy/overview |title=PSMA - Pepperest Sports Management and Academy Overview |website=N-Youth League Cup |access-date=2026-05-29}}</ref> Makarantar tana gudanar da shirye-shiryen horaswa da gano hazikan ‘yan wasa daga sassa daban-daban na Najeriya, tare da mai da hankali kan ci gaban fasaha, dabarun wasa da kuma horo na ɗabi’a domin shirya matasa zuwa matakin ƙwararrun ‘yan ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pepperestsocceracademy.com/ |title=Academy – Pepperest Sports Management & Academy |website=Pepperest Soccer Academy |access-date=2026-05-29 |archive-date=2025-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250228094315/http://www.pepperestsocceracademy.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://pepperestsocceracademy.org Official website]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://www.nylc.ng/club/psma-pepperest-sports-management-and-academy/overview Profile on N-Youth League Cup] [[Category:Football academies in Nigeria]] [[Category:Football clubs in Nigeria]] [[Category:Sports organizations established in 2024]] [[Category:2024 establishments in Nigeria]] jwfze193vud6w7xbgnl4ijr3eru37z6 0 153243 892630 845738 2026-08-07T18:15:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Masinga''', wacce kuma ita ce Madatsar '''Ruwa ta Masinga''', madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan [[Kogin Tana (Kenya)|Kogin Tana]], [[kogi]] mafi tsawo a [[Kenya]] kuma tana kan iyakar Gundumomin Embu da Machakos a Lardin Gabashin kuma tana da nisan mil 106.&nbsp;kilomita (66)&nbsp;mi.), ta hanyar hanya, arewa maso gabashin [[Nairobi]], babban birnin Kenya kuma birni mafi girma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Globefeed.com |date=19 February 2018 |title=Distance between Nairobi Central, Nairobi, Kenya and Masinga Dam, Kenya |url=https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Kenya_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Nairobi%20Central%2C%20Nairobi%2C%20Kenya&toplace=Masinga%20Dam%2C%20Kenya&dt1=ChIJNe4z_9QQLxgRVVtoNpaFdCw&dt2=ChIJAXMp3S0DJhgRMhlCuEQM8Nc |access-date=19 February 2018 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> An fara gina madatsar ruwan a shekarar 1978,<ref name="sa">{{Cite web |title=Masinga Dam |url=http://www.salini-impregilo.com/en/projects/completed/dams-hydroelectric-plants/masinga-dam.html |access-date=2015-02-15 |publisher=Salini Impregilo}}</ref> kuma an kammala ta a shekarar 1981. <ref name="geo">{{Cite web |title=Masinga Hydroelectric Power Station Kenya |url=https://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/40364 |access-date=2015-02-19 |publisher=Global Energy Observatory}}</ref> ''Hukumar Raya Koguna ta Tana da Athi'' (TARDA) ce ke da shi.<ref name="bd">{{Cite web |last=Victor Juma |date=2013-02-26 |title=KenGen's bid to raise Masinga dam height suspended |url=http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Corporate-News/KenGen-bid-to-raise-Masinga-dam-height-suspended-/-/539550/1705594/-/1dvqb6z/-/index.html |access-date=2015-02-15 |publisher=Business Daily}}</ref> Ana amfani da madatsar ruwan don samar da wutar lantarki kuma wani bangare ne na Tsarin Forks Bakwai.<ref name="geo" /> == Dam == Madatsar ruwan Masinga mai tsawon mita 60 ne da kuma tsawon mita 2,200 na madatsar ruwan <ref name="geo"/> mai girman mita 4,950,000. Madatsar ruwan tana ɗauke da [[Hanyar Zube|hanyar zubar da ruwa]] da kuma hanyar fita daga ƙasa.<ref name="sa"/> == Madatsar Ruwa == A cikakken matakin madatsar ruwa (matsakaicin matakin ambaliya na mita 1,056.5)<ref name="bd"/> madatsar ruwan madatsar ruwa tana da faɗin saman 120&nbsp;km² kuma jimillar ƙarfinsa shine biliyan 1.56 m³.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tana and Athi rivers Development Authority |url=https://tarda.go.ke/masinga-dam-reservoir/#:~:text=The%20dam%20is%20the%20main,water%20capable%20of%20generating%2040MW. |access-date=2026-05-29 |archive-date=2026-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260508144831/https://tarda.go.ke/masinga-dam-reservoir/#:~:text=The%20dam%20is%20the%20main,water%20capable%20of%20generating%2040MW. |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mafi ƙarancin matakin aiki yawanci shine mita 1,037. A ranar 26 ga Yuni, KenGen ta rufe tashar wutar lantarki saboda matakin aiki ya faɗi zuwa mita 1,035.5. A lokacin rufe tashar tana samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin 14 MW.<ref name="bt">{{Cite web |last=Rob Jillo |date=2009-06-30 |title=KenGen closes Masinga Dam |url=http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/business/2009/06/kengen-closes-masinga-dam/ |access-date=2015-02-15 |publisher=Business&Tech}}</ref> Saboda yawan ruwan da yake da shi, ma'ajiyar ruwan tana da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen daidaita kwararar ruwa ga sauran tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki guda huɗu da ke ƙasa.<ref name="ke">{{Cite web |title=MASINGA POWER STATION |url=http://www.kengen.co.ke/index.php?page=business&subpage=hydro&id=6 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309192139/http://www.kengen.co.ke/index.php?id=6&page=business&subpage=hydro |archive-date=2016-03-09 |access-date=2015-02-19 |publisher=[[Kenya Electricity Generating Company]]}}</ref> == Cibiyar samar da wutar lantarki == Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa mai gudana a kogin ya fara aiki a shekarar 1981. Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Kenya (KenGen) ne kuma yake gudanar da shi.<ref name="bd"/> Kamfanin yana da karfin samar da wutar lantarki na MW 40. Matsakaicin samar da wutar lantarki a kowace shekara yana tsakanin 128 (a cikin 2008) da 232 (a cikin 2007) GWh, <ref name="geo"/> ya danganta da ruwan da Kogin Tana ke kwarara. Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki ya ƙunshi injinan samar da wutar lantarki guda biyu na Kaplan waɗanda ke da ƙarfin MW 20 kowannensu. Escher Wyss ne ya samar da injinan samar da wutar lantarki, injinan samar da wutar lantarki na ABB ne. Matsakaicin kan ruwa shine mita 49, matsakaicin kwararar ruwa a kowace injin samar da wutar lantarki shine mita 45.9 (45) <ref name="sa" /> m³/s.<ref name="geo" /> == Tarihi == Kudin jarin madatsar ruwan ya kai dala miliyan 172. An gudanar da nazarin yiwuwar amfani da wutar lantarki a shekarun 1970 kuma sun tabbatar da yuwuwar kwararar tashoshin wutar lantarki na ruwa a bakin [[Kogin Tana (Kenya)|Kogin Tana]] : Masinga, Kamburu, Gitaru, Kindaruma, Kiambere, Karura, Mutonga, Low Grand Falls, Usheni, Adamsons Falls, da Kora. An gina biyar na farko daga cikinsu zuwa yanzu.<ref name="ke"/> An soke shirin ɗaga madatsar ruwa da mita 1.5 domin ƙara yawan madatsar ruwa zuwa mita biliyan 2. Da kuɗin zai kai dala miliyan 15.<ref name="bd"/> A watan Fabrairun 2018, KenGen ya sake farfado da shirin ɗaga katangar Masinga da {{Convert|2|m|ft}}, da kuma shigar da kayan aikin famfo don sake amfani da ruwan da ke kwarara zuwa madatsar ruwa don samar da wutar lantarki mai ɗorewa a lokacin rani. Hukumar Raya Ƙasa ta Faransa (AFD) ta amince ta ba da rancen KSh21 miliyan (€169,000) da ake buƙata don gudanar da sabon kimanta yuwuwar da tasirin muhalli. AFD ta zaɓi EDF Group, wani kamfanin [[Faransa]] don gudanar da binciken.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otuki |first=Neville |date=19 February 2018 |title=KenGen signs fresh deal to upgrade Masinga dam wall |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/news/KenGen-signs-fresh-deal-to-upgrade-Masinga-dam-wall/539546-4310038-pu1tjoz/index.html |access-date=19 February 2018}}</ref> Ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da ya fara a watan Maris na 2018 ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa a duk faɗin yankin Kogin Tana. A ranar 17 ga Mayu 2018, an sanar da cewa madatsar ruwan Masinga ta isa ƙarfinta kuma ta fara ambaliya mako guda bayan gazawar wani ƙaramin madatsar ruwa a Solai . Duk da cewa matakan kariya da aka ɗauka sun hana madatsar ruwan ta lalace, sauran madatsun ruwa da ke ƙasa sun riga sun isa ƙarfinsu kuma hukumomi sun ba da shawarar a kwashe garuruwan [[Garissa]], Garsen, [[Hola, Kenya|Hola]], da Bura. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qr5bz77luixd4hz7k1vfpiqk376s0pw 0 153408 892606 888349 2026-08-07T13:47:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892606 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Authority control}}'''Mannete Ramaili''' jami'in diflomasiyya ne na Masarautar Lesotho kuma ɗan siyasa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Lesotho a Jamhuriyar Ireland kuma ta kasance Ministan Yawon Bude Ido, Al'adu da Muhalli na Lesotho . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Ramaili a Lesotho kuma ta kasance mai magana game da haƙƙin mata tun 1987. Tun da farko a cikin aikinta ta shiga cikin Ƙungiyar Shirye-shiryen Iyaye ta Duniya. == Ayyukan siyasa == A shekara ta 2005, an nada Ramaili a matsayin Jakadan Masarautar Lesotho a [[Ayilan (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Ireland]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=MONO – DIPLOMATS {{!}} RTÉ Presspack |url=https://presspack.rte.ie/2005/06/14/mono-diplomats/ |access-date=2020-02-14 |website=presspack.rte.ie}}</ref> Ramaili ya kasance jakadan Lesotho har zuwa shekara ta 2009. A lokacin da take Ireland ta taimaka wajen kafa kungiyar 'Action Lesotho' ta Irish wacce ke aiki a Maputsoe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-05-23 |title=From one kingdom to another |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/features/humaninterest/from-one-kingdom-to-another-232011.html |access-date=2020-02-14 |website=www.irishexaminer.com |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin da ta ziyarci yankuna a duk faɗin Ireland tare da Mai Girma Paddy Fay don wayar da kan jama'a game da batutuwan da ke shafar mutanen Lesotho.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oireachtais |first=Tithe an |date=2010-06-17 |title=JOINT COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS (Sub-Committee on Overseas Development) díospóireacht - Déardaoin, 17 Meith 2010 |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/ga/debates/debate/joint_committee_on_foreign_affairs/2010-06-17/2 |access-date=2020-02-14 |website=www.oireachtas.ie |language=Irish |archive-date=2019-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920163650/https://www.oireachtas.ie/ga/debates/debate/joint_committee_on_foreign_affairs/2010-06-17/2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Batutuwan kamar HIV da yankan mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Seminar: International Day Zero Tolerance to FGM – 4th February : Cairde – Challenging ethnic minority health inequalities |url=http://cairde.ie/a-seminar-to-mark-international-day-of-zero-tolerance-to-female-genital-mutilation/ |access-date=2020-02-14 |language=en-US |archive-date=2017-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127122644/http://cairde.ie/a-seminar-to-mark-international-day-of-zero-tolerance-to-female-genital-mutilation/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, an nada Ramaili a matsayin Ministan Yawon Bude Ido, Al'adu da Muhalli, biyo bayan korar [[Lebohang Ntsinyi]] daga gwamnatin Firayim Minista Pakalitha Mosisili . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-10-15 |title=Ministers fired |url=http://lestimes.com/ministers-fired/ |access-date=2020-02-14 |website=Lesotho Times |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011, Ramaili na ɗaya daga cikin mata ministoci bakwai a cikin majalisar, tare da: [['Mamphono Khaketla|Mamphono Khaketla]], [[Maphoka Motoboli]], [[Mathabiso Lepono]], Mphu Keneileo Ramatlapeng, [[Mpeo Mahase-Moiloa]] da [[Pontso Sekatle|Pontso Suzan Matumelo Sekatle]] . Ta jagoranci matakan rage shan barasa a Lesotho . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-03-26 |title=Tough times ahead for beer drinkers |url=https://sundayexpress.co.ls/tough-times-ahead-for-beer-drinkers/ |access-date=2020-02-14 |website=Sunday Express |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:Mannete_Ramaili,_Minister_of_Tourism,_Environment_and_Culture_of_the_Kingdom_of_Lesotho_(6960295608).jpg|thumb|Mannete Ramaili, Ministan Yawon Bude Ido, Muhalli da Al'adu na Masarautar Lesotho (6960295608) ]] A cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin kasar Sin, Ramaili ta taimaka wajen kafa tsarin horar da yumbu a Lesotho a shekarar 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Remarks by H.E. Ambassador HU Dingxian at the Official Opening Ceremony of the Pottery Training Workshop |url=http://ls.china-embassy.org/eng/dsxx/dsjh/t895608.htm |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=}}</ref> A wannan shekarar ta yi magana a Lesotho don tallafawa mafi kyawun kuma mafi bayyane a cikin kafofin watsa labarai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transforming Broadcasting |url=http://www.transformingbroadcasting.org.uk/blog/viewentry.php?id=9 |access-date=2020-02-14 |website=www.transformingbroadcasting.org.uk |archive-date=2016-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822072257/http://transformingbroadcasting.org.uk/blog/viewentry.php?id=9 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2012 ta yi magana a wani taron - 'Women in Development' - wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta shirya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=UNCTAD XIII Must Be New Pillar of Change, Qatar Museums Authority Chairperson Says, Hailing Women as 'Cornerstone' in Quest for Equitable Development, Human Dignity {{!}} Meetings Coverage and Press Releases |url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2012/tad2054.doc.htm |access-date=2020-02-14 |website=www.un.org}}</ref> A nan, Ramaili ya yi magana game da bukatar manyan dokoki game da tashin hankali na cikin gida, amma kuma ya nuna cewa Lesotho ta kasance ta tara daga cikin kasashe 135 a kan Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya Gender Gap Index - gaba da Burtaniya, Amurka da Faransa.<ref name=":0" /> Ramaili tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan kasuwa mata na Lesotho kuma tana magana game da muhimmancin karfafa ikon tattalin arzikin mata ga Lesotho . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Recognizing Female Entrepreneurs in Lesotho {{!}} Standard Lesotho Bank |url=https://www.standardlesothobank.co.ls/lesotho/About-Us/news/Recognizing-Female-Entrepreneurs-in-Lesotho |access-date=2020-02-14 |website=www.standardlesothobank.co.ls}}</ref> Ita memba ce ta kwamitin Standard Lesotho Bank . <ref>{{Cite web |title=When the lionesses of Africa roar! {{!}} The Post |url=https://www.thepost.co.ls/business/when-the-lionesses-of-africa-roar/ |access-date=2020-02-14 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == Kyautar Ranar Afirka (Ireland) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Metro Eireann |url=http://oldweb.metroeireann.com/print-article,3853 |access-date=2020-02-14 |website=oldweb.metroeireann.com |archive-date=2024-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211190518/http://oldweb.metroeireann.com/print-article,3853 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] gf3fnfa5f88wocgn7dqszfzkvdku73o 0 153432 892726 888810 2026-08-08T04:07:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nazmat Surajudeen-Bakinde | image = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1974|11|12}} | birth_place = Offa, Jihar Kwara, Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Farfesa a fannin Electrical/Electronics Engineering | known_for = Gudummawa a fannin sadarwa, radio propagation da shugabanci a jami’a | alma_mater = Jami’ar Ilorin; Jami’ar Liverpool | title = Vice-Chancellor, University of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (USET), Gambia }} '''Nazmat Surajudeen-Bakinde''' (an haife ta 12 Nuwamba 1974) ƙwararriyar malamar jami’a ce kuma farfesa a fannin Electrical/Electronics Engineering daga Najeriya. A halin yanzu ita ce Mataimakiyar Shugabar Jami’a (Vice-Chancellor) ta University of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (USET) a ƙasar Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voicegambia.com/2024/09/30/four-nigerians-bag-leadership-roles-at-uset/ |title=Four Nigerians Bag Leadership Roles At USET |publisher=Voice Gambia |date=2024-09-30 |access-date=2026-05-30 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Nazmat a Offa, Jihar Kwara, Najeriya. Ta yi karatu a Offa Grammar School kafin ta wuce Jami’ar Ilorin inda ta samu B.Eng da M.Eng a fannin Electrical Engineering. Daga baya ta samu digirin digirgir (PhD) a Jami’ar Liverpool, United Kingdom a shekarar 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.africa-press.net/gambia/all-news/prof-nazmat-surajudeen-bakinde-appointed-first-female-vice-chancellor-of-uset |title=Prof. Nazmat Surajudeen-Bakinde Appointed First Female Vice-Chancellor of USET |publisher=Africa Press |date=2024-10-16 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Aikin ilimi == Farfesa Nazmat ta yi aiki a Jami’ar Ilorin, inda ta riƙe muƙamai daban-daban kamar: * Malamar koyarwa a Sashen Electrical and Electronics Engineering * Shugabar sashen a matsayin Acting Head of Department * Mai kula da shirye-shiryen bincike da koyarwa ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1974]] 4lv9hrm43mtjbkdz26d1vek5ldedkf1 0 154629 892719 846488 2026-08-08T02:44:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}}{{Thermodynamic cycles}}Mai sanyaya shine mai sanyaya wanda ke amfani da tushen zafi don samar da makamashi da ake buƙata don fitar da tsarin sanyaya. Makamashi na Rana, ƙone man fetur, zafin sharar gida daga masana'antu, da tsarin dumama na gundumar misalai ne na tushen zafi da za a iya amfani da su. Mai sanyaya yana amfani da masu sanyaya guda biyu: mai sanyaya na farko yana yin sanyaya mai sanyaya sannan kuma an sha shi cikin mai sanyaya ta biyu; ana buƙatar zafi don sake saita masu sanyaya biyu zuwa jihohin su na farko. Ana amfani da [[Firinji|firiji]] na absorption a cikin motocin nishaɗi (RVs), masu sansani, da caravans saboda zafin da ake buƙata don ba su wutar lantarki ana iya samar da shi ta hanyar mai ƙone man fetur, ta hanyar mai ɗumi na lantarki na DC (daga batir ko tsarin lantarki na mota) ko ta hanyar mai dumama na lantarki. Hakanan ana iya amfani da firiji na sinadarin don gine-ginen sanyaya iska ta amfani da zafi mai guba daga turbine na gas ko Mai dumama ruwa a cikin ginin. Yin amfani da zafin sharar gida daga turbine na gas yana sa turbine ya zama mai inganci sosai saboda ya fara samar da wutar lantarki, sannan ruwan zafi, kuma a ƙarshe, sanyaya iska - trigeneration. Ba kamar tsarin sanyaya na tururi ba, firiji mai sha ba shi da sassan motsi. == Tarihi == A farkon shekarun karni na 20, sake zagayowar sinadarin tururi ta amfani da tsarin ammoniya na ruwa ya shahara kuma ana amfani dashi sosai, amma bayan ci gaban sake zagayolar matsawar tururi ya rasa yawancin muhimmancinsa saboda ƙarancin aikinsa (kimanin kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na na sake zagayoyar matsawar tururin). Absorption frijoji ne sanannen madadin ga compressor refrigerators na yau da kullun inda wutar lantarki ba ta da tabbas, mai tsada, ko ba ta samuwa, ko kuma inda hayaniya daga compressor yana da matsala; ko kuma inda ake samun karin zafi. A cikin 1748 a Glasgow, William Cullen ya kirkiro tushen sanyaya na zamani, kodayake ba a ba shi lambar yabo da aikace-aikacen da za a iya amfani da shi ba. Za'a iya samun ƙarin bayani game da tarihin sanyaya a cikin sakin layi Refrigeration Research a shafin Refrigerations. Absorption refrigeration yana amfani da wannan ka'ida kamar adsorption refrigerator, wanda Michael Faraday ya kirkira a 1821, amma maimakon amfani da mai tsinkaye mai tsinkaya, a cikin tsarin sha mai sha yana shan tururi mai sanyaya cikin ruwa. '''“Refrigeration ɗin shaƙuwa (Absorption refrigeration)''' yana amfani da irin wannan ka’ida kamar yadda ake yi a '''adsorption refrigeration''', wanda '''Michael Faraday''' ya ƙirƙira a shekarar 1821. Amma maimakon a yi amfani da wani abu mai ƙarfi (solid) da zai sha iska (adsorber), a tsarin absorption ana amfani da wani ruwa (absorber) wanda yake sha tururin sinadarin sanyaya (refrigerant vapour) cikin sa.” ----Kana so in yi maka bayani a sauƙaƙe yadda tsarin '''absorption refrigeration''' ke aiki, ko ka fi so fassara kai tsaye kawai? Kamfanin kasuwanci ya fara ne a 1923 ta sabuwar kamfanin ''AB Arctic'', wanda Electrolux ya saya a 1925. A cikin shekarun 1960s, sanyaya mai sha ya ga sake farfadowa saboda buƙata mai yawa ga firiji don caravans (trailers). AB Electrolux ta kafa wani reshe a Amurka, mai suna ''Dometic'' Sales Corporation. Kamfanin ya sayar da firiji don motocin nishaɗi (RVs) a ƙarƙashin alamar ''Dometic''. A shekara ta 2001, Electrolux ta sayar da mafi yawan kayan nishaɗi ga kamfanin EQT wanda ya kirkiro Dometic a matsayin kamfani mai zaman kansa. Dometic har yanzu yana sayar da firiji har zuwa Yuli 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |title=RV Refrigerators |url=https://www.dometic.com/en-us/outdoor/rv-and-van/refrigerators/rv-refrigerators?sortBy=Relevance&count=24&v_skurefrigerationtechnology=Absorption |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250711062317/https://www.dometic.com/en-us/outdoor/rv-and-van/refrigerators/rv-refrigerators?sortBy=Relevance&count=24&v_skurefrigerationtechnology=Absorption |archive-date=2025-07-11 |access-date=2025-09-03}}</ref> A cikin 1926, [[Albert Einstein]] da tsohon ɗalibinsa Leó Szilárd sun ba da shawarar wani zaɓi na ƙira da aka sani da firiji na Einstein . A Taron TED na 2007, [[Adam Grosser]] ya gabatar da bincikensa game da sabon, ƙaramin, na'urar rigakafin rigakafin "intermittent absorption" don amfani a ƙasashe na duniya ta uku. firiji ƙaramin sashi ne da aka sanya a kan wuta, wanda daga baya za'a iya amfani dashi don sanyaya lita 15 (3.3 na ruwa zuwa sama da daskarewa na awanni 24 a cikin yanayin {{Convert|30|°C}} ° C (86 ° F). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Grosser |first=Adam |date=Feb 2007 |title=Adam Grosser and his sustainable fridge |url=http://www.ted.com/talks/adam_grosser_and_his_sustainable_fridge.html |access-date=2018-09-18 |publisher=[[TED (conference)|TED]]}}</ref> Manufar ta yi kama da na'urar sanyaya ta farko da aka sani da Iceball . == Ka'idoji == Masu amfani da firiji na yau da kullun suna amfani da firigi tare da ƙananan tafasa (kasa da -18 ° C (0 ° F)) kamar masu amfani da firijin. firiji mai matsawa yawanci suna amfani da HCFC ko HFC, yayin da firiji na sha yawanci suna aiki da ammoniya ko [[ruwa]] kuma suna buƙatar akalla ruwa na biyu wanda zai iya shawo kan mai sanyaya, mai sha, bi da bi ruwa (don ammoniya) ko saline (don ruwa). Dukansu nau'ikan suna amfani da sanyaya mai narkewa: lokacin da mai sanyaya ya narke (ya tafasa), yana ɗaukar ɗan zafi tare da shi, yana ba da tasirin sanyaya. Babban bambanci tsakanin tsarin biyu shine yadda aka canza refrigerant daga gas zuwa ruwa don sake zagayowar ta iya maimaitawa. Wani firiji mai sha yana canza iskar gas zuwa ruwa ta amfani da hanyar da ke buƙatar zafi kawai, kuma ba shi da sassan motsi banda ruwa. [[Fayil:Absorption_refrigerator_working.svg|alt=Absorption cooling process|right|thumb|1: bututun ruwa 2: ɗakin rabuwa 3: ammoniya-marasa ruwa baya-pipe 4: ammoniya condenser 5: matsin lamba bututun ammoniya 6: ruwa bututun ammonia 7: evaporator (cikin majami'a) 8: ammoniya gas bututun 9: mai shan (ruwa yana shan ammoniya) ]] Za'a iya bayyana sake zagayowar sanyaya a matakai uku ** '''Evaporation (ƙonawa/ɓacewar ruwa zuwa iska)''': Ruwa mai sanyaya (''refrigerant'') yana ɓacewa zuwa iska (evaporate) a wurin da matsin lamba (''partial pressure'') yake ƙasa. Wannan yana ja da zafi daga muhalli (misali: ɗakin firiji). Saboda matsin lambar ya yi ƙasa, zafin da ake buƙata domin ɓacewar ruwan ma ya yi ƙasa. ** '''Absorption (shaƙuwa)''': Wani ruwan daban (fluid), wanda ya riga ya yi rauni (depleted), yana tsotsar wannan sinadarin sanyaya da ya zama iska. Wannan shi ne yake samar da ƙarancin matsin lamba. Hakan yana haifar da ruwa cike da sinadarin sanyaya (''refrigerant-saturated liquid''), wanda daga nan zai wuce zuwa mataki na gaba: ** '''Regeneration (sake sabuntawa)''': Ruwan da ya cika da sinadarin sanyaya ana dumama shi, hakan yana sa sinadarin sanyaya ya sake ɓacewa (evaporate) ya fita. **# Wannan ɓacewar tana faruwa a ƙasan bututun ƙanƙani; ƙwayoyin iska na sinadarin sanyaya suna turawa ruwan da ya ƙare sinadarin sanyaya (''depleted liquid'') zuwa wani babban ɗaki, daga inda zai sauko ta hanyar nauyi (''gravity'') zuwa ɗakin absorption. **# Iskar sinadarin sanyaya mai zafi tana wucewa ta cikin ''heat exchanger'', tana fitar da zafinta zuwa wajen tsarin (misali: iska a waje mai yanayin zafin muhalli), sannan tana yin sanyi ta koma ruwa (''condense'') a wani wuri mafi tsawo. Wannan ruwan da aka tara daga condensation zai sauko ta hanyar nauyi don ya ci gaba da samar da sinadarin sanyaya ga matakin evaporation. ----Kana so in yi maka '''sauƙaƙa wannan bayani da zane (diagram)''' domin ka fi gane yadda tsarin ke aiki, ko ka fi son ya tsaya a matsayin fassara kai tsaye? Tsarin don haka a shiru yana ba da yaduwar inji na ruwa ba tare da famfo na yau da kullun ba. Ana ƙara ruwa na uku, gas, yawanci don kauce wa damuwa game da matsin lamba lokacin da kwantar da hankali ya faru (duba ƙasa). === Gishiri mai sauƙi da tsarin ruwa === Tsarin sanyaya mai sauƙi wanda aka saba amfani da shi a cikin manyan tsire-tsire na kasuwanci yana amfani da maganin lithium bromide ko lithium chloride gishiri da ruwa. Ruwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba yana narkewa daga coils da za a sanyaya. Ruwa yana shan ruwa ta hanyar lithium bromide / ruwa. Tsarin yana fitar da ruwa daga maganin lithium bromide tare da zafi.{{HVAC}} === Ruwan shafawa mai sanyaya === [[Fayil:Absorptive_refrigeration.svg|right|thumb|Tsarin narkewar ruwa]] Wani bambancin yana amfani da iska, ruwa, da kuma ruwan gishiri. Ana shan iska mai dumi, mai laushi ta hanyar ruwan gishiri. Ruwan yana rage zafi amma ba ya canza yawan zafin jiki. Sa'an nan kuma iska mai zafi, mai dumi ta wuce ta hanyar mai sanyaya, wanda ya ƙunshi fesawar ruwa mai kyau, wanda ke sanyaya kuma ya sake sanyaya iska. Ana cire danshi daga iska mai sanyaya tare da wani yaduwar gishiri, yana samar da fitowar iska mai sanyi, mai bushe. Ana sake sabunta gishiri ta hanyar dumama shi a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, yana haifar da ruwa ya bushe. Ruwan da aka narke daga maganin gishiri an sake shi, kuma an sake shi zuwa mai sanyaya. === Rashin sanyaya matsin lamba guda ɗaya === [[Fayil:Absorption_fridge.jpg|right|thumb|312x312px|'''Dometic absorption refrigerator.''' 1. Hydrogen ya shiga bututun tare da ammoniya mai _Ruwa 2. Ammoniya da hydrogen sun shiga cikin sashi na ciki. Karin girma yana haifar da raguwa a cikin matsin lamba na ammoniya mai ruwa. Ammoniya tana narkewa, tana ɗaukar zafi daga ammoniya mai ruwa (ΔHVap) yana rage zafin jikinta. Zafin yana gudana daga cikin mai zafi na firiji zuwa ruwan sanyi, yana inganta ci gaba da kumfa. 3. Ammoniya da hydrogen sun dawo daga cikin ciki, ammoniya ya dawo zuwa mai sha kuma ya narke cikin ruwa. Hydrogen yana da 'yanci ya tashi. 4. Ammoniya gas condensation (mai sanyaya). 5. Gas mai zafi na ammoniya. 6. Rufewar zafi da distillation na iskar ammoniya daga ruwa. 7. Tushen zafi na lantarki. 8. Jirgin mai shan ruwa (ruwa da ammoniya).<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />]] [[Fayil:Thermal_image_of_a_domestic_absorption_refrigerator.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|'''Hoton zafi na firiji na Dometic''' mai shawo kan irin wannan wanda ke cikin hoton da aka lakafta a sama. Launi yana nuna yanayin zafi: shuɗi = sanyi, ja ya fi zafi. Tushen zafi (7) yana ƙunshe gaba ɗaya a cikin sashin rufi (6).]] Mai sanyaya mai matsin lamba guda ɗaya yana amfani da gaskiyar cewa yawan ruwa ya dogara da matsin lamba na tururi sama da ruwa kuma yana hawa tare da matsin matsin lamba. Duk da yake yana da matsin lamba iri ɗaya a duk faɗin tsarin, firiji yana riƙe da matsin matsin lamba na firiji (saboda haka babban ƙarancin evaporation) a cikin ''bangare'' tsarin da ke jawo zafi daga cikin ƙananan zafin jiki na firiji, amma yana riƙe da firiji a matsin lamba mai girma (saboda ahụ ƙananan evaporation rate) a cikin ɓangare na tsarin da ke fitar da zafi zuwa iska mai zafin jiki a waje da firiji. firiji yana amfani da abubuwa uku: ammoniya, iskar Hydrogen, da [[ruwa]]. An rufe sake zagayowar, tare da duk hydrogen, ruwa da ammoniya da aka tattara kuma an sake amfani da su ba tare da iyaka ba. Ana matsin tsarin don ɗaga yanayin tafasa na ammoniya sama da zafin jiki na condenser coil (coil wanda ke canja wurin zafi zuwa iska a waje da firiji, ta hanyar kasancewa mai zafi fiye da iska ta waje.) Wannan matsin yana da yanayi na 14-16 (1,400-1,600 yana sanya ma'anar ammoniya a kusan {{Convert|35|°C}} ° C (95 ° F). Tsarin sanyaya yana farawa tare da ammoniya mai ruwa a zafin jiki na ɗaki wanda ke shiga evaporator. Girman evaporator ya fi girma fiye da girman ruwa, tare da sararin samaniya da aka mamaye ta hanyar cakuda ammoniya da hydrogen. Kasancewar hydrogen yana rage matsin lamba na iskar ammoniya, don haka yana rage ma'aunin ruwa a ƙasa da zafin jiki na cikin firiji. Ammoniya tana narkewa, tana ɗaukar ɗan zafi daga ruwa kuma tana rage yawan zafin ruwa. Yana ci gaba da narkewa, yayin da babban enthalpy na tururi (zafi) ke gudana daga cikin firiji mai dumi zuwa ammoniya mai sanyi sannan zuwa ƙarin iskar ammoniya. A cikin matakai biyu na gaba, an raba iskar ammoniya daga hydrogen don a sake amfani da ita. # Ammoniya (gas) da hydrogen (gas) cakuda suna gudana ta hanyar bututu daga evaporator zuwa cikin mai sha. A cikin mai sha, wannan cakuda na iskar gas yana hulɗa da ruwa (a zahiri, wani rauni bayani na ammoniya a cikin ruwa). Ammoniya mai gas yana narkewa a cikin ruwa, yayin da hydrogen, wanda ba haka ba, ya tattara a saman mai sha, yana barin ammoniya mai ƙarfi yanzu a kasa. Hydrogen yanzu ya rabu yayin da ammoniya yanzu ya narke cikin ruwa. # Mataki na gaba ya raba ammoniya da ruwa. Ammoniya / ruwa yana gudana zuwa janareta (boiler), inda ake amfani da zafi don tafasa ammoniya, yana barin mafi yawan ruwa (wanda ke da matsayi mafi girma) a baya. Wasu tururi na ruwa da kumfa sun kasance sun gauraye tare da ammoniya; an cire wannan ruwa a matakin rabuwa na ƙarshe, ta hanyar wuce shi ta hanyar mai rabuwa, jerin bututu masu karkatarwa tare da ƙananan cikas don fashe kumfa, suna ba da damar tururin ruwa ya tarwatsa kuma ya sake komawa ga janareta. Gas din ammoniya mai tsabta ya shiga cikin mai kwantar da hankali. A cikin wannan musayar zafi, iskar ammoniya mai zafi tana canja wurin zafi zuwa iska ta waje, wanda ke ƙasa da tafasa na ammoniya cikakkiyar matsin lamba, sabili da haka ya kwantar. Ammoniya mai narkewa (ruwa) yana gudana don a gauraye shi da iskar hydrogen da aka saki daga matakin sha, yana maimaita sake zagayowar. == Dubi kuma == * Adsorption refrigeration * Iceball * Mai sanyaya mai yawa == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Levy |first=A. |last2=Kosloff |first2=R. |year=2012 |title=Quantum Absorption Refrigerator |journal=Phys. Rev. Lett. |volume=108 |issue=7 |pages=070604 |arxiv=1109.0728 |bibcode=2012PhRvL.108g0604L |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.070604 |pmid=22401189 |s2cid=6981288}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/heat-pump-systems/absorption-heat-pumps Absorption Heat Pumps] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209214524/https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/heat-pump-systems/absorption-heat-pumps |date=2020-12-09 }} ([[Ofishin Inganta Makamashi da Sabunta Makamashi|Ofishin Ingancin Makamashi da Makamashi Mai Sabuntawa]]). * Bayani na [http://www.arizonaenergy.org/AltEnergyClub/SMALL%20AMMONIA%20REFRIGERATOR.htm Arizona Energy] tare da zane-zane * Lithium-Bromide / Water Cycle - Absorption Refrigeration for Campus Cooling a BYU. * {{Cite web |last=American National Standards Institute |author-link=American National Standards Institute |title=AHRI standard 560–2000 for absorption refrigerators |url=http://www.ahrinet.org/App_Content/ahri/files/standards%20pdfs/ANSI%20standards%20pdfs/ANSI%20ARI560-2000.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031112012/http://ahrinet.org/App_Content/ahri/files/standards%20pdfs/ANSI%20standards%20pdfs/ANSI%20ARI560-2000.pdf |archive-date=2012-10-31 |access-date=2012-03-31}} 2zwztuqb0qwyi2skmhxp1c4zam4esme 0 154803 892636 847047 2026-08-07T19:23:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}# Numbered list item   Mori Point wani wurin shakatawa ne mai girman kadada 110 (0.4 ) wanda ke cikin Pacifica, [[California]], wanda yake wani ɓangare na Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA). Mori Point kanta bluff ne kusa da [[Pacific Ocean|Tekun Pacific]] wanda ke ba da ra'ayoyi masu kyau game da bakin tekun. Baya ga bluff da ridge, Mori Point ya ƙunshi wasu ƙananan tafkuna da wuraren da ke da ruwa. Hanyoyi, da yawa da aka gina, sun haɗa ridgeline zuwa ƙofofin wurin shakatawa da kuma rairayin bakin teku na Sharp Park. Wani bangare na California Coastal Trail zai ratsa Mori Point. Tafkunan da wuraren da ke cikin Mori Point suna aiki ne a matsayin wurin zama ga kwayar cutar California da ke fuskantar barazana da maciji na San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2016 |title=San Francisco Garter Snake |url=http://www.parksconservancy.org/conservation/plants-animals/endangered-species/san-fancisco-garter-snake.html |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy}}</ref> Mori Point kuma yana da tsire-tsire na arewacin bakin teku da kuma mazaunin California a yankunan da ke kan tudu, kuma an san shi sosai da nune-nunen fure na daji. Gidan shakatawa yana da iyaka da Laguna Salada Marsh da Sharp Park Municipal Golf Course zuwa arewa; da Highway 1 da Sweeney Ridge zuwa gabas; da kuma Calera Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant zuwa kudu. == Tarihi == Wani binciken archaeological a shekarar 1969 ya bayyana wani harsashi a Mori Point, wanda ke nuna mazaunin 'yan asalin Amurka kafin Columbus. Dutsen dutse a Mori Point 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka ne suka haƙa shi kuma, daga baya, Mutanen Espanya. Francisco Sanchez ya karbi <nowiki><i id="mwQQ">Rancho San Pedro</i></nowiki> a cikin 1839 a lokacin Rancho, wanda ya ƙunshi yawancin Pacifica na yanzu, gami da ƙasar da daga baya za a kira Mori Point.<ref name="Postel-199" /> Stefano Mori da iyalinsa ne suka sayi ƙasar da Mori Point ke zaune a yanzu a cikin 1888, waɗanda ke gudanar da gona da ranch a wurin.<ref name="NPS">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2008 |title=Mori Point |url=https://www.nps.gov/goga/planyourvisit/upload/sb-mori-2008.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216212725/http://www.nps.gov/goga/planyourvisit/upload/sb-mori-2008.pdf |archive-date=February 16, 2008 |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Gidan dafa abinci, wanda aka gina don ciyar da ma'aikata, daga ƙarshe ya zama Mori Point Inn, wanda ya ci gaba da aiki har zuwa 1965. Takamaiman ranar da aka kafa shi yana cikin tambaya, amma rahotanni na jarida daga 1910 sun ambaci Steve Mori a matsayin manajan Inn a cikin 1910. A lokacin haramtacciyar doka, Inn sanannen sanannen wurin shakatawa ne. [[Fayil:Fishing_village_on_the_ocean_south_of_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Ƙauyen kamun kifi a bakin tekun Pacific. Hoton Dorothea Lange don Hukumar Tsaro ta Noma (1938) ]] An yi amfani da dutse mai laushi daga Rockaway Quarry a matsayin hanya mai laushi don Ocean Shore Railroad da sake gina [[San Francisco]] bayan Girgizar ƙasa ta 1906. Hanyar 1, wacce ta raba Mori Point daga Sweeney Ridge, ta mamaye wani yanke da aka fara niyya don karɓar Ocean Shore Railroad. Hoton 1938 na Dorothea Lange ya nuna ƙauyen kamun kifi da dutsen dutse a bango. A cikin shekarun 1920, masu sayar da kaya sun yi amfani da shafin don kawo barasa a cikin Bay Area. Jami'an Tarayya sun kwace shari'o'i 24,000 na whiskey wanda ya kai US $ 2,000,000 (daidai da $ 37,790,000 a 2025) a 1923 daga gonar Jack Mori, amma Ray (ko Rey) Mori shine kadai dangin da aka kama saboda laifuka masu alaƙa da barasa a lokacin haramtacciyar doka. An kama Ray a shekara ta 1929 saboda ba da abin sha mai barasa <ref name="Postel-228" /> a Francisco Sanchez Adobe, wanda aka yi aiki a matsayin gidan cin abinci a saman kuma a ɓoye a matsayin speakeasy da bordello . [1] Ya sami watanni huɗu na gwaji da tarar $ 225. Ray da matarsa Marie sun karɓi aikin masaukin a shekara ta 1932, an ruwaito cewa saboda jami'an tarayya suna matsawa Jack.<ref name="Postel-229" /> An rufe Inn a 1965 kuma ya ƙone a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 1966, watanni uku kawai bayan ya fita daga kasuwanci. <ref name="CultHist">{{Cite web |date=2007 |title=Mori Point: Cultural History |url=http://www.parksconservancy.org/assets/visit-your-parks/park-sites/pdfs/mori-point-cultural-history.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113031601/http://www.parksconservancy.org/assets/visit-your-parks/park-sites/pdfs/mori-point-cultural-history.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-13 |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy}}</ref> Bayan da aka rufe Inn a shekarar 1965, an yi amfani da tuddai don tseren babur <ref name="CultHist"/> da kuma yashi, suna haifar da alamomi a kan tuddai waɗanda har yanzu suna bayyane. An gabatar da ci gaba a cikin 1984 kuma Majalisar Birnin Pacifica ta amince da shi a cikin 1988. Ci gaban zai kunshi gidaje 60 na iyali ɗaya, filin wasan nuna doki, da otal mai ɗakuna 275 da cibiyar taro. Kungiyar "Pacificans for Mori Point" ta shigar da kara don toshe ci gaban, ta cajin rahoton tasirin muhalli bai cika ba. <ref name="CultHist" /> Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Ƙasa ta buga Nazarin Iyakokin Pacifica a shekarar 1998, wanda ya gano filaye da dama a Pacifica da take son ƙarawa a GGNRA. Jimillar ƙarin filaye da aka tsara shine filaye goma sha biyar da jimillar eka 1,075 (hekta 435), gami da yankin Mori Point, kuma idan aka kammala, zai haifar da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dukkan yankin Birnin Pacifica da Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Ƙasa ke kula da shi. A shekara ta 2000, an yi gwanjon Mori Point, kuma Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Pacifica, da kuma Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta California da kuma Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Jama'a sun ƙaddamar da kamfen na siyan kadarorin don adanawa tare da nasarar tayin dala miliyan 3,300,000 (daidai da dala miliyan 6,170,000 a shekarar 2025). An sayi kadarorin a gwanjon jama'a kuma aka ba su kyauta ga Gwamnatin Tarayya a shekarar 2002, lokacin da aka ƙara su ga GGNRA.. <ref name="NPS"/><ref name="NPS-2004">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2004 |title=Mori Point |url=http://www.nps.gov/goga/maps/bulletins/sb-mori_point.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040722010643/http://www.nps.gov/goga/maps/bulletins/sb-mori_point.pdf |archive-date=22 July 2004 |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> A shekara ta 2005, an haƙa tafkuna biyu a gefen arewacin shirin Mori Point don dawo da mazaunin kwari masu jan kafafu da kwari na bishiyar Pacific, suna fatan kafa yankunan kwari da kuma jawo hankalin masu cin su, maciji na San Francisco. An hango kwai na kwaya a lokacin bazara na shekara ta 2005 kuma an ga maciji suna cin abinci kusa da tafkuna a shekara ta 2007. <ref name="SFG-080426" /> A cikin Fall of 2007, Mori Point Project, wanda ya kunshi ma'aikata daga Golden Gate National Recreation Area, Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, da masu sa kai, sun kammala cire ƙasa da aka gurɓata da man fetur, ƙirƙirar sabon tafki da wuraren da ke da ruwa da kuma sabuwar hanya tare da matakan samun dama da ake kira "Bootlegger's Steps" har zuwa saman Mori Point bluff.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bennett, Susie |date=21 October 2007 |title=Mori's Warriors: November 10 Next Work Party in Pacifica's Own National Park |url=http://www.pacificariptide.com/pacifica_riptide/2007/10/mori-and-quarry.html |access-date=10 January 2017 |website=Pacifica Riptide [blog] |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192137/http://www.pacificariptide.com/pacifica_riptide/2007/10/mori-and-quarry.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Beached_Sperm_Whale_at_Mori_Point,_Pacifica_(17181158012).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Mutuwar sperm whale a bakin rairayin bakin teku a ƙasa da Mori Point (Afrilu 2015) ]] A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2015, wani nau'in sperm whale mai tsawon mita wanke a kan rairayin bakin teku a ƙasa da Mori Point . Kodayake whale ya lalace, binciken gawa ya kawar da abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa kamar cututtuka, shekaru, harin shark, ko kuma jirgin ruwa ya buge shi. Whale na biyu, mai tsawon mita {{Convert|32|ft}} (9.8 , ya wanke kawai 0.25 mil (0.40 arewacin sperm whale makonni uku bayan haka a Sharp Park Beach. Whale na biyu yana da raunin da ya dace da jirgin ruwa kuma saboda wari, an binne duka whales biyu daga baya a watan Mayu. <templatestyles src="Module:Wide image/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Wide image|Pacifica Pano 2.jpg|800px|From atop Mori Point, a view of the coast looking south}} == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == An nuna Mori Point a cikin yanayin ƙarshe daga fim din 1971 ''Harold da Maude'' . Wani Jaguar E-Type na musamman, wanda aka gyara don yayi kama da motar gawa, an kore shi daga dutsen, ya sauka a kan rairayin bakin teku a ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meretzky, Steve |author-link=Steve Meretzky |date=April 2013 |title=The cliff where Harold drives his car over the edge |url=http://www.boffo.us/haroldandmaude/cliff.html |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=The Harold and Maude Project}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|OIb-P7KPIrM|Harold & Maude Final Scene}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0df80h3y5nh74drvx8d8jsjzuc7qlmf 0 154973 892761 882879 2026-08-08T06:02:44Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 892761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mais Médicos (lit. 'Mafi yawan Likitoci') wani shirin zamantakewa ne na [[Brazil]] wanda Gwamnatin Dilma ta ƙaddamar a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 2013, tare da burin rufe karancin likitoci a kananan hukumomi da kuma a gefen manyan biranen Brazil. Aikin ya samar da likitoci 15,000 zuwa yankunan da babu masu sana'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Moraes |first=Mauricio |date=2012-09-02 |title=Dúvidas sobre chegada de médicos cubanos alimentam debate jurídico |url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/noticias/2013/09/130902_mais_medicos_mm |access-date=2012-09-02 |website=BBC Brasil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-03 |title=Temer mata em silêncio o Mais Médicos: Atrasa salários, reduz profissionais, deixando 7,7 milhões sem médico brasileiro nem cubano |url=https://www.viomundo.com.br/denuncias/temer-mata-silenciosamente-o-mais-medicos-atrasa-salarios-reduz-profissionais-ja-deixando-77-milhoes-sem-medico-brasileiro-nem-cubano.html |access-date=2017-04-03 |website=Viomundo}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2017, shirin yana da likitoci 18,240 kuma ya tabbatar da samun dama ga mutane miliyan 63 a wurare 4,058. "shigar da" daga wasu ƙasashe an soki shi sosai daga ƙungiyoyin da ke wakiltar likitoci, jama'a, ɗaliban kiwon lafiya har ma da Ofishin Mai gabatar da kara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lopes |first=Adriana Dias |date=2021-01-27 |title=Menos médicos |url=https://veja.abril.com.br/saude/menos-medicos |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Veja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-10 |title=MPT defende que há ilegalidades na contratação dos profissionais do Mais Médicos |url=https://www.cartacapital.com.br/politica/mpt-defende-que-ha-ilegalidades-na-contratacao-dos-profissionais-do-mais-medicos-7186/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Carta Capital}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-09 |title=Veja a diferença entre os programas 'Mais Médicos' e 'Médicos pelo Brasil' |url=https://cartacampinas.com.br/2019/08/veja-a-diferenca-entre-os-programas-mais-medicos-e-medicos-pelo-brasil/ |access-date=2020-01-09 |website=Carta Campinas}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga watan Agusta, 2019, Gwamnatin Bolsonaro ta kaddamar da Médicos pelo Brasil (lit. 'Doctors for Brazil'), maye gurbin Mais Médicos, amma ba tare da tabbatar da ko masu sana'a daga aikin da ya gabata za a iya sake sanya su ba ko kuma dole ne su shiga sabon tsarin zaɓe. Dangane da bincike na farko, tsarin sabon shirin ba zai ba da damar sake sanya likitocin Cuban da suka kasance a Brazil ba tare da tabbatar da difloma a kasar ba. Gwamnatin Bolsonaro ta kuma ba da shawarar rage kasafin kuɗi na 50%, wanda zai shafi ba kawai shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya ba, har ma da manufofi kamar Farmácia Popular do Brasil (lit. 'People's Pharmacy of Brazil'). A baya, kashi 61% da aka ware don sayen kayan aiki da gyaran asibitoci a cikin cibiyoyin ilimin kanjamau da haihuwa an yanke su daga kasafin kudin kiwon lafiya kuma an tura su zuwa abin da ake kira kasafin kudin sirri [pt].[1][2][3] == Tarihi == Kafin isowar kwararru na kasashen waje, Brazil tana da likitoci 388,015, wanda ya dace da biyu ga kowane mazauna dubu. Idan aka kwatanta, Argentina tana da kashi 3.2, Portugal 4, Amurka 2.6, Koriya ta Kudu 1.9 da [[Japan]] 2. Kodayake an yi la'akari da wannan adadi mai kyau, jihohi 22 suna da ƙarancin kuɗi fiye da matsakaicin ƙasa saboda rarrabawar da ba daidai ba. Duk da yake Gundumar Tarayya da jihohin [[São Paulo]] da Rio de Janeiro suna da ƙimar da ta fi matsakaicin ƙasa - 4.09, 3.62 da 2.64 likitoci ga kowane mazauna dubu bi da bi - jihohin Maranhão, Pará da [[Amapá]] ba su da likita ɗaya ga kowane mazaunin dubu ɗari, tare da ƙimar 0.71, 0.84 da 0.95 bi da bi. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Madeiras |first=Tainá |date=2013-07-11 |title=Drauzio Varella: sobre médicos estrangeiros no Brasil |url=https://www.pragmatismopolitico.com.br/2013/07/drauzio-varella-sobre-medicos-estrangeiros-no-brasil.html |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Pragmatismo Político}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |title=Demografia médica no Brasil |url=https://portal.cfm.org.br/images/stories/pdf/demografiamedicanobrasil_vol2.pdf |journal=CFM |volume=2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Densidade de médicos |url=https://www.indexmundi.com/g/r.aspx?c=ks&v=2226&l=pt |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Index Mundi}}</ref> A cikin 2011, don ƙoƙarin warware matsalar, gwamnatin tarayya ta kirkiro wani shirin da ake kira Valorização dos Profissionais da Atenção Básica (Turanci: Darajar Kwararrun Kwararrun Kula da Firamare) tare da manufar jan hankalin likitocin da suka kammala karatun kwanan nan zuwa yankuna matalauta ta hanyar samar musu da albashi na R $ 8,000. Kimanin kananan hukumomi 3,000 sun nemi kwararru 13,000, amma 4,392 sun yi amfani da su kuma, daga cikin wadannan, kawai 3,800 sun sanya hannu kan kwangila. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2013, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da sanarwar cewa tana la'akari da dabarun kawo likitocin kasashen waje zuwa yankunan talauci don rage karancin masu sana'a. An dauki shirin a matsayin madadin gajeren lokaci har sai fadada horar da likitoci ya sami sakamako. Sérgio Perini, likitan zuciya kuma likitan da ke aiki a Santa Maria das Barreiras daga watan Afrilu na 2012 har zuwa farkon shirin, ya yi sharhi: "Mutane ba su da wanda za su juya zuwa gare ni don neman taimako sai dai ni. Idan ina da fiye da lokuta uku na gaggawa don halarta nan da nan, me nake yi?" <ref name=":1"/> Tsakanin 1998 da 2003, gwamnatin Tocantins ta aiwatar da shirin kawo likitocin Cuban zuwa yankuna masu nisa na jihar.<ref name=":0"/> A lokacin, mujallar ''Veja'' ta wallafa wani labarin da ya dace da shirin kuma ta soki Majalisar Magunguna ta Tarayya don shigar da karar tare da Ofishin Mai gabatar da kara na Jama'a yana neman kawo karshen yarjejeniyar tare da gwamnatin Cuban. Koyaya, ''Veja'' a halin yanzu tana adawa da Mais Médicos, tana mai da'awar cewa Cuba tana da ɗayan mafi munin tsarin kiwon lafiya a duniya kuma aikin "zai mamaye Brazil da 'yan leƙen asirin kwaminisanci". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Entini |first=Carlos Eduardo |date=2013-08-25 |title=Tocantins contratou médicos cubanos em 1998 |url=http://m.acervo.estadao.com.br/noticias/acervo,tocantins-contratou-medicos-cubanos-em-1998,9219,0.htm |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Estadão |archive-date=2023-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214114423/http://m.acervo.estadao.com.br/noticias/acervo,tocantins-contratou-medicos-cubanos-em-1998,9219,0.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Azevedo |first=Reinaldo |date=2020-07-31 |title=Ah, agora entendi de onde vem a onda dessa gente mixuruca. Ou: VEJA e os cubanos numa reportagem de 1999 |url=https://veja.abril.com.br/coluna/reinaldo/ah-agora-entendi-de-onde-vem-a-onda-dessa-gente-mixuruca-ou-veja-e-os-cubanos-numa-reportagem-de-1999 |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Veja}}</ref> == Shirin == [[Fayil:Maismedicos.JPG|thumb|Likitan Cuban Josefa Rebeca Rodriguez yana ba da kulawa a cikin garin Vargem Grande . Hoton: Marcello Casal Jr./ABr]] Shugaba Dilma Rousseff ne ya ƙaddamar da shi a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 2013, Shirin Mais Médicos ya ƙunshi matakai biyu. Na farko shi ne kafa likitoci, ko na Brazil ko na kasashen waje, a cikin cibiyar kiwon lafiya ta jama'a a cikin kananan hukumomi da kuma a gefen manyan birane. Na biyu shi ne ya tsawaita karatun likita da shekaru biyu, wani tsari da gwamnati ta sauƙaƙa lokacin da ta fuskanci zargi.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2013-08-14 |title=Brasil recruta 1ª leva de estrangeiros do Mais Médicos; entenda |url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/noticias/2013/08/130814_mais_medicos_mdb |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=BBC Brasil}}</ref> Mataki na farko, wanda aka yi niyyar yin rajistar likitocin da suka kammala karatu a Brazil ko kuma an riga an ba su izinin yin aiki a kasar don yin aiki a wuraren da akwai ƙwararrun ƙwararru kaɗan, sun cika kashi 6% kawai na buƙatun. Daga baya, an buɗe aikace-aikace ga likitoci da ke aiki a kasashen waje. Dole ne masu sana'a na kasashen waje su kwashe makonni uku a karkashin kimantawa daga jami'a kafin a ba su izinin aiki kuma gwamnati za ta biya wadanda aka zaba don tafiya zuwa Brazil. Shirin ya kasance mai inganci na tsawon shekaru uku kuma ana iya tsawaita shi na wasu uku.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-09-11 |title=Prova de médicos formados no exterior terá três perguntas |url=https://veja.abril.com.br/saude/prova-de-medicos-formados-no-exterior-tera-tres-perguntas |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Veja}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2013-08-12 |title=Aumenta aprovação à contratação de médicos estrangeiros no Brasil |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2013/08/1324760-aumenta-aprovacao-a-contratacao-de-medicos-estrangeiros-no-pais.shtml |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=UOL}}</ref> A cewar Ma'aikatar Lafiya, an ba da fifiko ga masu sana'a na Brazil don cika wuraren zama. Likitoci tare da difloma na kasa da kasa za su yi aiki tare da izinin kwararru na wucin gadi, wanda aka ƙuntata ga kulawa ta farko da yankunan da aka ba su ta hanyar shirin. Shirin sauyawa zai kasance sa'o'i 40 a mako kuma za a biya likitoci R$10,000. Bugu da kari, masu sana'a za su sami gidaje da alawus na abinci, alhakin kananan hukumomi. Yayinda Portuguese, Argentinians da Mutanen Espanya suka sanya hannu da son rai don shirin, Cubans sun yi aiki a matsayin masu ba da sabis don kwangilar da gwamnatin Cuban ta sayar wa Ma'aikatar Lafiya a karkashin matsakaiciyar Hukumar Lafiya ta Pan American ta [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (PAHO / WHO). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shimizu |first=Helena Eri |last2=Santos |first2=Leonor Maria Pacheco |last3=Sanchez |first3=Mauro Niskier |last4=Hone |first4=Thomas |last5=Millett |first5=Christopher |last6=Harris |first6=Matthew |date=December 2021 |title=Challenges facing the More Doctors program (Programa Mais Médicos) in vulnerable and peri-urban areas in Greater Brasilia, Brazil |journal=Human Resources for Health |language=en |volume=19 |issue=1 |page=134 |doi=10.1186/s12960-021-00672-2 |issn=1478-4491 |pmc=8559374 |pmid=34724943 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An ba da albashi na farko na US $ 3,000 ga gwamnatin Cuban, wanda ya canja kashi 40% kawai na kuɗin (US $ 400) ga likitoci, wanda ya haifar da zargi daga ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da 'yan adawa.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":3"/><ref name=":2"/> A farkon shekara ta 2014, bayan da Ofishin Mai gabatar da kara ya kaddamar da bincike, gwamnatin tarayya ta ba da sanarwar cewa likitocin Cuba za su sami US $ 1245 ban da kuɗin su. Daga watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, masu sana'a na Cuban sun sami damar samun US $ 845, tare da sauran US $ 400 zuwa gwamnatin Cuban. A cewar Ministan Lafiya a lokacin, Arthur Chioro, karuwar ba ta wakilci karin kudin ga Brazil ba: "Babu wani dinari daga gwamnatin Brazil, wannan hanya ce da gwamnatin Cuba ke canja wurin [ga kwararru]. Abin da ya faru shine tattaunawar tsakanin Shugaba Dilma da Cuba. " <ref>{{Cite web |last=Calgaro |first=Fernanda |date=2014-02-28 |title=Governo anuncia aumento no salário repassado a médicos cubanos |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2014/02/28/governo-anuncia-aumento-no-salario-repassado-a-medicos-cubanos.htm |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=UOL}}</ref> A cikin 2017, akwai 'yan Brazil 8,316 a cikin shirin, wanda ke wakiltar 45.6% na jimlar. Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta fi dacewa ita ce kara yawan shiga cikin kasa, yin shirin mai zaman kansa da kuma tabbatar da kulawar kiwon lafiya ga jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-05 |title=Participação de brasileiros no Mais Médicos aumenta 44% |url=http://maismedicos.gov.br/noticias/257-participacao-de-brasileiros-no-programa-mais-medicos-aumenta-44 |access-date=2018-11-15 |website=Mais Medicos |archive-date=2018-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001084429/http://maismedicos.gov.br/noticias/257-participacao-de-brasileiros-no-programa-mais-medicos-aumenta-44 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Karɓar baƙi == === Binciken ra'ayi === A watan Yunin 2013, a cewar Datafolha, kashi 47% na yawan jama'a sun goyi bayan shirin kuma kashi 48% sun yi adawa. A cikin binciken da aka yi a watan Agusta da wannan cibiyar ta yi, kuri'un da suka dace sun kasance 54% kuma kuri'un marasa kyau sun kasance 40%. Dangane da binciken da cibiyar MDA ta yi, wanda Hukumar Kula da Sufuri ta Kasa ta ba da umarni kuma aka gudanar a watan Satumba, kashi 73.9% na yawan jama'a sun goyi bayan likitocin kasashen waje da ke aiki a kasar. Dangane da binciken da Cibiyar Kimiyya, Fasaha da Inganci (ICTQ) ta yi, kashi 61% na mazaunan Porto Alegre sun goyi bayan shirin, yayin da matsakaicin dukkan manyan birane goma sha shida da aka bincika ya kasance 33%. Wani bincike, wanda Cibiyar Methodus ta yi, ta nuna cewa kashi 59.3% na mutanen Rio Grande do Sul sun amince da aikin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lopes |first=Maria |last2=Costa |first2=Maria |last3=Santana |first3=Rafaela |last4=Pinheiro |first4=Cleoneide |year=2017 |title=Percepção de usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde acerca do Programa Mais Médicos em um município do interior do Ceará |url=https://periodicos.ufes.br/rbps/article/download/19802/13225/56618 |journal=Revista Brasileira de PEsquisa da Saúde |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=50–57}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-21 |title=Pesquisa indica aceitação do Mais Médicos em Porto Alegre |url=https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/saude/vida/noticia/2013/08/pesquisa-indica-aceitacao-do-mais-medicos-em-porto-alegre-4241887.html |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=GZH}}</ref><ref name=":3"/> === Kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya === Shirin Mais Médicos ya sami karbuwa daga kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya. A ƙarshen watan Yulin 2013, an shirya jerin zanga-zangar adawa da aikin. A ranar 23 ga watan Agusta, 2013, Kungiyar Likitocin Brazil (AMB) da Majalisar Kula da Lafiya ta Tarayya (CFM) sun shigar da kara tare da Kotun Koli ta Tarayya, STF don dakatar da shirin. A cikin korafin su, kungiyoyin sun yi iƙirarin cewa hayar masu sana'a da aka horar a wasu ƙasashe ba tare da wuce jarrabawar sake tabbatar da difloma ta likita ta kasa ba (Revalida) ba zai zama ba bisa ka'ida ba. "Wannan matakin ya hana majalisun kiwon lafiya na yanki ƙwarewa don tantance ingancin ƙwararren likitan musayar, tunda ya cire yiwuwar kula da aikin ƙwararru ta hanyar nazarin takardun da ake buƙata don yin magani", in ji takardar. Kungiyoyin sun kuma yi iƙirarin cewa matakin gwamnati ya inganta aikin magani ba bisa ka'ida ba: "Shirye-shiryen gwamnatin tarayya ba ya tabbatar da manufofin jama'a masu inganci kuma yana ba da damar yin aikin magani ba daidai ba a Brazil, tunda kowa ya san cewa babu sake tabbatarwa". <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Campos |first=Ana Cristina |date=2013-08-24 |title=Governo tem segurança jurídica sobre o Programa Mais Médicos, ressalta Padilha |url=https://memoria.ebc.com.br/agenciabrasil/noticia/2013-08-24/governo-tem-seguranca-juridica-sobre-programa-mais-medicos-ressalta-padilha |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Agência Brasil}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aquino |first=Yara |date=2013-07-30 |title=Profissionais da saúde fazem protestos contra Programa Mais Médicos |url=https://memoria.ebc.com.br/agenciabrasil/noticia/2013-07-30/profissionais-da-saude-fazem-protestos-contra-programa-mais-medicos |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Agência Brasil}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga watan Agusta, 2013, shugaban Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Yankin Minas Gerais (CRM-MG), João Batista Gomes Soares, ya ce ya kamata likitocin Brazil su "taimaka" ko kuma su zama "masu tallafawa" kwararru na kasashen waje kuma zai shawarci 'yan uwansa masu sana'a kada su taimaka wa abokan aikinsu na Cuban. João Batista Ribeiro, babban alƙali na Kotun Tarayya ta 5 ta Minas Gerais, ya musanta bukatar da CRM-MG ta yi na kada ta ba da rajistar ƙwararru ga likitocin ƙasashen waje. A cewar Ribeiro, da'awar da mahallin ya yi cewa matakin wucin gadi wanda ya kafa Shirin Mais Médicos bai dace da kundin tsarin mulki ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Andrade |first=Luiza |date=2013-08-28 |title=CRM de MG não pode negar registro a médicos estrangeiros, decide juiz |url=https://g1.globo.com/minas-gerais/noticia/2013/08/crm-de-mg-nao-pode-negar-registro-de-medicos-estrangeiros-decide-juiz.html |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=G1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-23 |title=CRM de Minas diz que vai orientar médicos a não socorrerem erros de cubanos |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2013/08/23/nao-serei-preceptor-de-medico-estrangeiro-diz-presidente-do-crm-de-minas.htm |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=UOL}}</ref> A Fortaleza, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙasashen waje 96 sun fuskanci matsala daga ƙungiyar likitoci daga Ceará. Lamarin ya faru ne lokacin da baƙi ke barin aji na horo na farko kuma kusan likitocin Brazil 50 sun kafa hanyar mutum kuma sun tsananta musu. Likitocin kasashen waje sun zauna na minti 40 bayan lacca na farko don kauce wa hanyar da mazaunan Ceará suka kafa. 'Yan sanda sun bi zanga-zangar sosai, amma ba su shiga tsakani ba. Wani sakatare a Ma'aikatar Lafiya ya ga zanga-zangar a matsayin "aikin xenophobia".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Braga |first=Lauriberto |date=2013-08-26 |title=Médicos hostilizam colegas estrangeiros em Fortaleza |url=https://exame.com/brasil/medicos-hostilizam-colegas-estrangeiros-em-fortaleza/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Exame}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-27 |title=Estrangeiros do programa Mais Médicos são hostilizados em Fortaleza |url=https://g1.globo.com/jornal-hoje/noticia/2013/08/estrangeiros-do-programa-mais-medicos-sao-hostilizados-em-fortaleza.html |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=G1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nassif |first=Luis |date=2013-08-30 |title=O suicídio de imagem da medicina brasileira |url=https://jornalggn.com.br/politicas-sociais/o-suicidio-de-imagem-da-medicina-brasileira/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Jornal GGN}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2013, likita Drauzio Varella ya yi hasashen cewa Shirin Mais Médicos zai sami "ƙananan tasiri a kan lafiyar jama'a ta kasar", saboda "wani mataki ne mai tsauri". Daga baya, Varella ya bayyana cewa wannan "mataki na palliative" shine "shirin shiga ciki tare da mafi girma da kuma tsawon lokaci. Ba a taɓa samun shirin da ya kai mutane da yawa a cikin ƙasar kuma ya daɗe sosai". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Neuman |first=Camila |date=2013-12-23 |title=Mais Médicos terá pouco impacto na saúde pública, diz Drauzio Varella |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2013/12/23/mais-medicos-e-medida-paliativa-de-pequeno-impacto-diz-drauzio-varella.htm |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=UOL}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-01 |title="Mais Médicos está ameaçado", diz Drauzio Varella |url=https://veja.abril.com.br/saude/mais-medicos-esta-ameacado-diz-drauzio-varella/ |access-date=2018-12-04 |website=Veja}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] isao7a327es28po2l5u7103jlqr2w1g 0 157151 892640 856161 2026-08-07T19:56:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nyamyumba Hot Springs''', wanda aka sani da sunan Kinya[[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] ''Amashyuza'', maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ne mai zafi da ke gabashin Tekun Kivu a Yankin Nyamyumba, Gundumar Rubavu, Lardin Yamma, Rwanda . <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2024 |title=Where Are Rwanda's Hot Springs? |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202401190180.html |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=AllAfrica}}</ref> Yana da kusan kilomita 7 daga garin Gisenyi (wanda aka fi sani da Rubavu), maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ta ƙunshi tafkuna biyu da ake kira "maza" da "mata. " Suna kwance a cikin reshe na yammacin Gabashin Afirka, kusa da Virunga volcanic complex, wanda ke da asusun tsarin dumama. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2017 |title=Hot springs in Nyambyumba |url=https://terrain-safaris.com/our-blog/1955hot-springs-in-nyambyumba/ |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Terrain Safaris |archive-date=26 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260426223438/https://terrain-safaris.com/our-blog/1955hot-springs-in-nyambyumba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="hategekimana2022">{{Cite journal |last=Hategekimana |first=Francois |last2=Mugerwa |first2=Theophile |year=2022 |title=Geochemical Characterization of Nyamyumba Hot Springs, Northwest Rwanda |journal=AppliedChem |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=247–258 |doi=10.3390/appliedchem2040017 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Yawon shakatawa da ayyukan wanka na warkewa sun bunkasa a kusa da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, waɗanda mazauna yankin da masu yawon bude ido na duniya ke ziyarta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2024 |title=Residents Seek Improved Facilities at Nyamyumba Hot Springs |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202401090030.html |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=AllAfrica}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == Yana da nisan kilomita 7 daga garin Gisenyi, a yammacin Rwanda a bakin tekun Kivu, Nyamyumba Hot Springs ya ƙunshi ƙananan tafkunan zafi, kuma wani lokacin tafasa, ruwa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Guide de Voyage du Rwanda - Gisenyi {{!}} Le Voyage Autrement |url=https://www.le-voyage-autrement.com/rwanda/incontournables/gisenyi |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=www.le-voyage-autrement.com}}</ref> Ana zaton ruwan yana da halaye na warkarwa.<ref name=":0" /> An san maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a cikin gida kamar Amashyuza kuma suna kan gabar gabashin Tafkin Kivu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Les secrets du lac Kivu |url=https://www.reflexions.uliege.be/cms/c_340052/fr/les-secrets-du-lac-kivu |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=www.reflexions.uliege.be |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2024 |title=Where Are Rwanda's Hot Springs? |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202401190180.html |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=AllAfrica}}</ref> An raba maɓuɓɓugar ruwa zuwa tafkuna biyu, waɗanda ake kira "maza" da "mata," yarjejeniyar suna da ta samo asali ne daga mutanen yankin bisa ga yankunan da aka tanada don maza da mata bi da bi.<ref name="hategekimana2022"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2025 |title=Day tour of Nyamyumba hot springs in Rubavu |url=https://www.kisorotoursuganda.com/day-tour-of-nyamyumba-hot-springs-in-rubavu/ |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Kisoro Tours Uganda}}</ref> == Ilimin ƙasa == Nyamyumba Hot Springs suna cikin reshe na yammacin Gabashin Afirka Rift System, kusa da Virunga volcanic complex, wanda ke bayyana tasowa da kuma dumama tsarin ruwan bazara.<ref name="hategekimana2022"/> Binciken Geochemical na Hategekimana et al. (2022) sun gano cewa ruwan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa na nau'in Na-HCO3, tare da mafi girman ma'adanai da aka narke fiye da ruwan Tafkin Kivu da ke kusa, daidai da rushewar duwatsu masu karɓar bakuncin ta hanyar ruwan zafi da ke yawo ta hanyar tsarin rift. An kwatanta ma'aunin da aka auna da ka'idojin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) don ruwan nishaɗi.<ref name="hategekimana2022" /> Binciken ya kuma lura da yiwuwar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a matsayin tushen makamashi na geothermal, kuma ya tattauna yiwuwar haɗuwa da ruwan zafi na asali tare da ruwan sanyi na kusa.<ref name="hategekimana2022" /> == Yawon shakatawa == Ayyukan tattalin arziki da yawon bude ido sun bunkasa a kusa da waɗannan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a bakin tekun Kivu. Wurin wanka mai zafi na sararin samaniya yana ba da damar yin hulɗa tare da mazaunan Gisenyi, garin da ke kusa da arewa, wanda ke kan iyaka da Goma a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2017 |title=Une heure au Rwanda : Profitez des eaux du lac Kivu, ce lieu de relax et de baignade aux propriétés thérapeutiques |url=https://globalpressjournal.com/africa/rwanda/one-hour-rwanda-relax-swim-heal-waters-lake-kivu/fr |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Global Press Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> Kusa da babban kasuwar kifi a kudancin Gisenyi, masu gudanar da tattalin arziki da masu shafawa suna ba da ayyukansu ga mazauna yankin kuma musamman ga masu yawon bude ido da ke ziyartar Tafkin Kivu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2019 |title=Rwanda : les incontournables du pays des Mille Collines |url=https://photo.geo.fr/rwanda-les-incontournables-du-pays-des-milles-collines-36363 |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=GEO |language=fr}}</ref> Wadannan na ƙarshe sun isa yayin tsayawa a kan jiragen ruwa da ke tafiya a fadin Tafkin Kivu.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nature - Sources de Nyamyumba - Gisenyi Rubavu |url=https://www.petitfute.com/v45351-gisenyi-rubavu/c1173-visites-points-d-interet/c976-archeologie-artisanat-science-et-technique/c981-nature/682957-sources-de-nyamyumba.html |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=www.petitfute.com |language=fr}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Tafkin kivu|Tafkin Kivu]] * Gisenyi == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rwanda]] l778wq1dndnrl4ba2pkkznuj9x0cvyd 0 157640 892957 863768 2026-08-08T11:30:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peccaries''' (kuma '''Javelinas''' ko '''[[Aladu|alade]]''' skunk) sune aladu-kamar ungulates na dangin '''TayasSuidae''' (Sabon Duniya aladu). Ana samun su a ko' Amurka ta Tsakiya da Kudancin, [[Trinidad]] a cikin [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]], da kuma yankin kudu maso yamma [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]]. Peccaries yawanci suna auna tsakanin 90 da 130 ft 11 in da 3 in) a tsawon, kuma cikakkiyar girma yawanci tana da nauyin kimanin 20 zuwa 40 . Suna wakiltar dangi mafi kusa na dangin Suidae, wanda ya ƙunshi aladu da dangi. Tare Tayassuidae da Suidae an haɗa su a cikin suborder Suina a cikin tsari Artiodactyla (matsayi masu yatsunsu). Peccaries halittu ne na zamantakewa waɗanda ke zaune a cikin garken. Suna cin komai kuma suna cin tushen, grubs, da sauran abinci iri-iri. Suna iya gane juna ta hanyar wari mai karfi. Wani rukuni na peccaries da ke tafiya da zama tare ana kiransu squadron. Wani rukuni na peccaries matsakaici tsakanin mambobi shida zuwa tara. Suna haihuwa a duk shekara zuwa matsakaicin yara biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Living with Javelina |url=https://www.azgfd.com/wildlife-conservation/living-with-wildlife/living-with-javelina/}}</ref> Peccaries sun fara bayyana a Arewacin Amurka a lokacin Miocene kuma sun yi ƙaura zuwa Kudancin Amurka a zamanin Pliocene-Pleistocene a matsayin wani ɓangare na Babban Musayar Amurka. Lokacin da biyun suka faru a cikin daji a cikin irin wannan kewayon, galibi ana rikitar da su tare da aladu na gida, wanda aka fi sani da aladu "razorback" a sassa da yawa na Amurka. Maya suna kiwon garken peccaries, suna amfani da su a cikin al'ada da kuma abinci.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dillon |first=Brian B. |date=1988 |title=Meatless Maya? Ethnoarchaeological Implications for Ancient Subsistence |journal=Journal of New World Archeology |volume=7 |page=60}}</ref> Ana kiyaye su a matsayin dabbobi a kasashe da yawa ban da kiwon su a [[Gona|gonaki]] a matsayin tushen abinci. == Magana == Kalmar peccary ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Carib {{Lang|car|pakira}} ko {{Lang|car|paquira}} . A cikin [[Harshen Portuguese|Portuguese]], ana kiran peccary {{Lang|pt|pecari}}, {{Lang|pt|porco-do-mato}}, {{Lang|pt|queixada}}, {{Lang|pt|tajaçu}}, da sauran sunaye kamar {{Lang|pt|Cateto}} ko {{Lang|pt|Caititu}}. A cikin [[Yaren Sifen|Mutanen Espanya]], ana kiranta {{Lang|es|javelina}}, {{Lang|es|jabalí}} (kalma da aka yi amfani da ita don bayyana Alade na daji), {{Lang|es|sajino}}, ko {{Lang|es|pecarí}} . Kalmar ''javelina'' ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Mutanen Espanya don "boar daji". A cikin Guiana da [[Suriname]] na Faransa, ana kiran dabbar ''pakira'' . Sunan kimiyya Tayassuidae ya samo asali ne daga wannan tushe kamar {{Lang|pt|tajaçu}} na [[Harshen Portuguese|Portuguese]]. == Halaye == [[Fayil:Sus_scrofa_&_Tayassu_pecari.jpg|left|thumb|Gashin kai na naman alade (hagu) da fararen bakinsa (dama): Lura yadda canines na sama na peccary ke ƙasa.]] Pecary dabba ce mai matsakaici, tare da kamani mai ƙarfi da alade. Kamar alade, yana da hanci wanda ya ƙare a ciki cartilaginous disc da idanu waɗanda suke da ƙananan dangi ga kansa. Hakanan kamar alade, yana amfani da lambobi biyu na tsakiya kawai don tafiya, kodayake, ba kamar aladu ba, sauran yatsunsu na iya kasancewa gaba ɗaya. Ciki ba ya cin abinci. Kodayake yana da ɗakuna uku, ya fi rikitarwa fiye da na aladu.[1] Peccaries sune masu fermenters (alkama sune masu fermentors na hindgut). [2] Wannan fermentation na foregut, mai kama da amma daban ya samo asali ne daga ruminant, misali ne na juyin halitta mai haɗuwa. Peccaries suna cin komai kuma za su ci kwari, grubs, kuma a wasu lokuta kananan dabbobi, kodayake abincin da suka fi so ya kunshi tushen, ciyawa, tsaba, 'ya'yan itace, da cacti - musamman pear mai ƙanshi. Ana iya rarrabe aladu da peccaries ta hanyar halaye da yawa, gami da wutsiyoyi da siffar kunne. Kunnen aladu suna da girma kuma suna tsaye kuma galibi suna nunawa yayin da kunnuwan peccaries suna da ƙananan kuma suna da zagaye. Aladu kuma suna da wutsiyoyi masu tasseled, amma wutsiyoyi na peccaries ƙananan ne kuma masu hankali.<ref name="SDZWA">{{Cite web |title=Peccary |url=https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/peccary |access-date=April 24, 2023 |website=San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance: Animals & Plants}}</ref> Bambanci mafi mahimmanci tsakanin aladu da peccaries shine siffar hakoran canine, ko ƙuƙwalwa. A cikin aladu na Turai, ƙashin ƙusa da tsawo kuma suna juyawa a kansu, yayin da a cikin peccaries, ƙashin ba su da tsawo da madaidaiciya kuma suna haɗuwa da juna, suna hana motsi na gefe-gefe na jaw. An daidaita ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa da ƙuƙwasawa don murkushe tsaba mai ƙarfi da yanka cikin tushen shuke-shuke, <ref name="SDZWA"/> kuma suna amfani da ƙuchu don kare kansu daga masu cin nama. Tsarin hakora don peccaries shine: 2.1.3.33.1.3.3 Ta hanyar shafa ƙuƙwalwar tare, suna iya yin hayaniya wanda ke gargadi masu cin nama su nisanta kansu. Peccaries dabbobi ne na zamantakewa, sau da yawa suna samar da garken. Fiye da mutane 100 an rubuta su don garken fararen bakuna guda ɗaya, amma ƙuƙwalwa da Chacoan peccaries yawanci suna samar da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi. Irin wannan halayyar zamantakewa da alama ita ce halin da ake ciki a cikin ƙwayoyin da ba su da tabbas. Babban peccary (''Pecari maximus'') na Brazil ya bayyana ba shi da zamantakewa, da farko yana zaune a nau'i-nau'i.<ref name="description">{{Cite journal |last=Roosmalen, M.G.M. |last2=Frenz, L. |last3=Hooft, W.F. van |last4=Iongh, H.H. de |last5=Leirs, H. |year=2007 |title=A New Species of Living Peccary (Mammalia: Tayassuidae) from the Brazilian Amazon |url=http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/360180 |journal=Bonner Zoologische Beiträge |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=105–112}}</ref> Peccaries sun dogara da tsarin zamantakewarsu don kare yankin, karewa daga masu cin nama, daidaita zafin jiki, da kuma hulɗa tare da sauran mambobin jinsin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Javelina |url=https://www.azgfd.com/wildlife/livingwith/javelina/ |access-date=2016-02-17 |website=Arizona's Wildlife |publisher=Arizona Game and Fish Department}}</ref> Peccaries suna da ƙwayoyin ƙanshi a ƙarƙashin kowane ido da kuma wani a bayansu, kodayake an yi imanin cewa waɗannan ba su da mahimmanci a cikin ''P. Maximus''. Suna amfani da ƙanshin don nuna yankunan garken, waɗanda ke tsakanin hekta 30 zuwa 280 (75 zuwa 700 acres). Har ila yau, suna nuna alamar wasu 'yan garken tare da waɗannan ƙwayoyin ƙanshi ta hanyar shafa juna. Rashin ƙanshi yana ba da damar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta su gane wasu daga cikin garken su, duk da hangen nesa. Rashin idanunsu na iya sa su zama kamar suna caji lokacin da suke ƙoƙarin tserewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Living with Javelina |url=https://www.azgfd.com/wildlife-conservation/living-with-wildlife/living-with-javelina/}}</ref> Rashin yana da ƙarfi sosai don mutane su gano shi, wanda ke ba da sunan laƙabi na "zaki". == Nau'o'in == === Dabbobi da ke akwai === Ana samun nau'ikan tsuntsaye guda uku (watakila hudu) daga Kudu maso yammacin Amurka ta hanyar Amurka ta tsakiya da kuma [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]] da [[Trinidad]], kowannensu a cikin jinsinsu. * ''Tayassu'' ** White-lipped peccary (''T. pecari'') * ''Catagonus'' ** Chacoan peccary (''C. wagneri'') * ''Dicotyles'' ** Kayan kwalliya (''D. tajacu'') Kayan kwalliya (''Dicotyles tajacu''), ko kuma "nama mai linzami", yana nufin ƙanshin dabba, yana faruwa ne daga Kudu maso yammacin Amurka zuwa [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]] da tsibirin Trinidad. Gashin ya kunshi baƙar fata, launin toka, da gashi mai launin ruwan kasa tare da "ƙwallo" mai launin haske da ke kewaye da kafadu. Suna haihuwar yara a duk shekara, amma galibi tsakanin Nuwamba da Maris, tare da matsakaicin girman litter wanda ya kunshi yara biyu zuwa uku. Ana samun su a wurare da yawa, daga wuraren da ba su da ruwa zuwa gandun daji masu zafi. Kayan kwalliya yana da kyau ga mazaunin da mutane ke damun, kawai yana buƙatar isasshen murfin. Ana iya samun su a cikin birane da gonakin noma a duk faɗin su. Akwai sanannun jama'a a cikin unguwanni na Phoenix da Tucson, Arizona, inda suke cin abinci a kan tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa da sauran ciyayi masu noma.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Friederici |first=Peter |date=August–September 1998 |title=Winners and Losers |url=http://www.nationalwildlife.org/nationalwildlife/article.cfm?articleID=308&issueID=19 |journal=National Wildlife Magazine |volume=36 |issue=5 |access-date=2026-06-14 |archive-date=2019-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214112917/http://www.nationalwildlife.org/nationalwildlife/article.cfm?articleID=308&issueID=19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai yawan mutanen birane har zuwa arewacin Sedona, Arizona, inda aka san su da cika wani wuri mai kama da raccoons da sauran masu cinyewa na birane. A Arizona galibi ana kiransu da sunan Mutanen Espanya "javelinas". Ana samun ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙungiyoyi 8 zuwa 15 na shekaru daban-daban. Suna kare kansu idan sun ji barazana, amma in ba haka ba sukan yi watsi da mutane. Wani nau'i na biyu, fararen bakinsa (''Tayassu pecari''), galibi ana samunsa a cikin gandun daji na Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, amma kuma an san shi daga wasu wurare masu yawa kamar gandun daji masu bushe, wuraren ciyawa, mangrove, cerrado, da wuraren bushewar Xerophytic. Babban barazanar rayuwa guda biyu shine sare daji da farauta. ⁷Nau'in na uku, Chaco peccary (''Catagonus wagneri''), ana samunsa a cikin busassun bishiyoyi ko Chaco na [[Paraguay]], [[Bolibiya|Bolivia]], da [[Argentina]]. Chacoan peccary yana da bambancin cewa an fara bayyana shi ne bisa ga burbushin halittu kuma an fara tunanin cewa jinsin da ba su da tushe. A shekara ta 1975, an gano dabbar a Yankin Chaco na Paraguay. An san nau'in sosai ga 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani nau'i na huɗu wanda ba a tabbatar da shi ba, giant peccary (''Dicotyles maximus''), an bayyana shi daga [[Yawan jama'a da amfani da makamashi a cikin Amazonia na Brazil|Amazon na Brazil]] da arewacin Bolivia <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moravec |first=J. |last2=Böhme |first2=W. |year=2009 |title=Second Find of the Recently Discovered Amazonian Giant Peccary, ''Pecari maximus'' (Mammalia: Tayassuidae) van Roosmalen et al., 2007: First Record from Bolivia |url=https://zoologicalbulletin.de/BzB_Volumes/Volume_56_1_2/049_054_BzB56_1_2_Moraves_Jiri_and_B%C3%B6hme_Wolfgang.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[Bonn Zoological Bulletin|Bonner zoologische Beiträge]] |volume=56 |issue=1–2 |pages=49–54 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129030515/http://alt.zfmk.de/BZB/BzB_56_1_07_Moravec.pdf |archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref> ta hanyar masanin ilimin halitta na Dutch Marc van Roosmalen. Kodayake an gano shi kwanan nan, an san shi ga Mutanen Tupi na yankin a matsayin ''Caitetu munde'', wanda ke nufin "babban peccary wanda ke zaune a nau'i-nau'i". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lloyd |first=Robin |date=2007-11-02 |title=Big Pig-Like Beast Discovered |url=http://www.livescience.com/1997-big-pig-beast-discovered.html |website=livescience.com}}</ref> An yi la'akari da shi mafi girma, zai iya girma zuwa {{Cvt|1.2|m|ft|0}} a tsawon. Fuskarsa gaba ɗaya launin toka ne mai duhu, ba tare da wani ƙuƙwalwa ba. Ba kamar sauran peccaries ba, yana zaune a nau'i-nau'i, ko tare da ɗaya ko biyu. Koyaya, shaidar kimiyya don la'akari da shi a matsayin nau'in da ya bambanta da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta daga baya an yi tambaya, wanda ya jagoranci IUCN don bi da shi a ƙarƙashin ma'anar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gongora |first=J. |last2=Taber |first2=A. |last3=Keuroghlian |first3=A. |last4=Altrichter |first4=M. |last5=Bodmer |first5=R.E. |last6=Mayor |first6=P. |last7=Moran |first7=C. |last8=Damayanti |first8=C.S. |last9=González |first9=S. |year=2007 |title=Re-examining the evidence for a 'new' peccary species, 'Pecari maximus', from the Brazilian Amazon |url=https://www.iucn-wpsg.org/_files/ugd/119740_0dc9019f69984c5cbac8e256cd3b1968.pdf#page=19 |journal=Newsletter of the Pigs, Peccaries, and Hippos Specialist Group of the IUCN/SSC |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=19–26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gongora |first=J. |last2=Biondo |first2=C. |last3=Cooper |first3=J.D. |last4=Taber |first4=A. |last5=Keuroghlian |first5=A. |last6=Altrichter |first6=M. |last7=Ferreira do Nascimento |first7=F. |last8=Chong |first8=A.Y. |last9=Miyaki |first9=C.Y. |last10=Bodmer |first10=R. |last11=Mayor |first11=P. |last12=González |first12=S. |year=2011 |title=Revisiting the species status of Pecari maximus van Roosmalen et al., 2007 (Mammalia) from the Brazilian Amazon |url=https://zoologicalbulletin.de/BzB_Volumes/Volume_60_1/095_101_BzB60_1_Gongora_%20Jaime_et_al.pdf |journal=[[Bonn Zoological Bulletin|Bonner zoologische Beiträge]] |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=95–101}}</ref> A lokacin Late Pleistocene, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyu, ''Mylohyus'' da ''Platygonus'', sun bazu a duk faɗin Arewacin Amurka (kuma a cikin yanayin ''Platygonus'', Kudancin Amurka), amma sun ƙare a Ƙarshen Pleistocene kusan shekaru 12,000 da suka gabata bayan isowar mutane.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilson |first=Kurt M. |last2=Hill |first2=Matthew G. |date=November 2020 |title=Synthesis and assessment of the flat-headed peccary record in North America |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |language=en |volume=248 |bibcode=2020QSRv..24806601W |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106601 |s2cid=224865922}}</ref><gallery mode="packed"> Fayil:Collared_Peccary444.jpg|Collared peccary Fayil:Tayassu_pecari.jpg|White-lipped peccary Fayil:Catagonus_wagneri_closeup.jpg|Chacoan peccary </gallery> === Halitta da suka ƙare === Bugu da kari, Tayassuidae suna da Tarihin burbushin halittu da aka tabbatar da su sosai, kuma an san nau'ikan halittu da yawa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Prothero |first=Donald R. |date=2015 |title=Evolution of the early Miocene Hesperhyine peccaries |url=http://www.donaldprothero.com/files/102919031.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin |volume=67 |pages=235-255 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710193319/http://www.donaldprothero.com/files/102919031.pdf |archive-date=10 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Parisi Dutra |first=Rodrigo |last2=Casali |first2=Daniel de Melo |last3=Missagia |first3=Rafaela Velloso |last4=Gasparini |first4=Germán Mariano |last5=Perini |first5=Fernando Araujo |last6=Cozzuol |first6=Mario Alberto |date=2017 |title=Phylogenetic Systematics of Peccaries (Tayassuidae: Artiodactyla) and a Classification of South American Tayassuids |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10914-016-9347-8 |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |language=en |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=345–358 |doi=10.1007/s10914-016-9347-8 |issn=1064-7554}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Prothero |first=Donald R. |date=2021 |title=The systematics of North American peccaries (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Tayassuidae) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fJcwEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |journal=New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin |volume=85}}</ref> * † ''[[Egatochoerus]]''? (Ba a san inda yake ba) * †''Perchoerus''? (matsayi mara tabbas) (= †''[[Chaenohyus]]'') * †''[[Simojovelhyus]]'' <ref name="protheropeccary">{{Cite journal |last=Prothero |first=Donald R. |last2=Beatty |first2=Brian L. |last3=Stucky |first3=Richard M. |year=2013 |title=''Simojovelhyus'' is a peccary, not a helohyid (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) |url=http://www.donaldprothero.com/files/92370301.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=87 |issue=5 |pages=930–933 |bibcode=2013JPal...87..930P |doi=10.1666/12-084 |s2cid=129670001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321022455/http://www.donaldprothero.com/files/92370301.pdf |archive-date=21 March 2020}}</ref> * †''[[Thinohyus]]'' * †Subfamily '''Hesperhyinae'''<ref name=":0"/> †Cynorca †Desmathyus †Floridachoerus †Fremdohyus †Hesperhys †Lucashyus[2] †Marshochoerus[2] †Stuckyhyus[2] †Wrightohyus ** †''[[Cynorca]]'' ** †Rashin jin daɗi''[[Desmathyus|Rashin tausayi]]'' ** †''Floridachoerus'' ** †''[[Fremdohyus]]'' ** †''[[Hesperhys]]'' ** †''[[Lucashyus]]<ref name=":0" />'' [2] ** †''Marshochoerus<ref name=":0" />'' [2] ** †Stuckyhyus [2]''[[Stuckyhyus|Stuckyus]]<ref name=":0" />'' ** †''[[Wrightohyus]]'' * Subfamily '''Tayassuinae''' †Brasiliochoerus[3] †Catagonus †Colbertchoerus †Dyseohyus †Macrogenis †Mckennahyus †Mylohyus †Platygonus †Prosthennops †Protherohyus †Skinnerhyus †Stirtonhyus †Tedfordhyus †Webbochoerus †Woodburnehyus ** †''Brasillichoerus''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Copetti |first=Paula Lopes |last2=Gasparini |first2=Germán Mariano |last3=Pereira |first3=Jamil Corrêa |last4=Fontoura |first4=Emmanuelle |last5=Lopes |first5=Renato Pereira |last6=Kerber |first6=Leonardo |date=2021-09-02 |title=A skull of the extinct tayassuid Brasiliochoerus stenocephalus (Lund in Reinhardt, 1880) (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla) from the Late Pleistocene of southern Brazil: morphology and taxonomy |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08912963.2020.1751837 |journal=Historical Biology |language=en |volume=33 |issue=9 |pages=1898–1910 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2020.1751837 |issn=0891-2963}}</ref> ** †''Catagonus'' ** †''[[Colbertchoerus]]'' ** †''[[Dyseohyus]]'' ** †''[[Macrogenis]]'' ** †''Mckennahyus'' ** †''Mylohyus'' ** †''Platygonus'' ** †Prosthennops''Tsuntsaye'' ** †Masu lalata''[[Protherohyus]]'' ** †''Skinnerhyus'' ** †''[[Stirtonhyus]]'' ** †''[[Tedfordhyus]]'' ** †''Webbochoerus'' ** †''[[Woodburnehyus]]'' == Juyin Halitta == Kodayake wasu takardu daga [[Tsohuwar Duniya|Tsohon Duniya]] kamar Turai Miocene ''[[Taucanamo]]'' an ba da shawarar su zama mambobi ne na Tayussidae, aikin su ga Ƙungiya ba daidai ba ne, tare da nazarin phylogenetic na 2017 wanda ke dawo da ''Taucanamo'' a waje da clade wanda ke dauke da suids da peccaries. Tsohon burbushin burbushin peccaries sun fito ne daga farkon Miocene na Arewacin Amurka, tare da nau'in Eocene-Oligocene na Arewacin Amirka ''Perchoerus,'' kuma sau da yawa ana ɗaukar su farkon peccary, wanda aka dawo da shi a waje da clade wanda ke dauke da peccaries da suids.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Parisi Dutra |first=Rodrigo |last2=Casali |first2=Daniel de Melo |last3=Missagia |first3=Rafaela Velloso |last4=Gasparini |first4=Germán Mariano |last5=Perini |first5=Fernando Araujo |last6=Cozzuol |first6=Mario Alberto |date=2016-09-13 |title=Phylogenetic Systematics of Peccaries (Tayassuidae: Artiodactyla) and a Classification of South American Tayassuids |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=345–358 |doi=10.1007/s10914-016-9347-8 |issn=1064-7554 |s2cid=27963274 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Kodayake ya zama ruwan dare a Kudancin Amurka a yau, peccaries ba su isa can ba har sai kimanin shekaru miliyan uku da suka gabata a lokacin Babban Canjin Amurka, lokacin da aka kafa Isthmus na Panama, wanda ke haɗa Arewacin Amurka da Kudancin Amirka. A wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin dabbobi na Arewacin Amurka - ciki har da peccaries, llamas da tapires - sun shiga Kudancin Amurka, yayin da wasu nau'in Kudancin Amirka, kamar su sloths da opossums, suka yi <sup class="mw-ref reference" mwafy=""><span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Yawancin nau'o'in peccary a fadin jinsunan Platygonus da ''Mylohyus'' sun kasance a Arewacin Amurka har zuwa lokacin da suka ƙare a ƙarshen Pleistocene. A yau, biyu daga cikin nau'ikan uku sun koma Yankin Neotropical, amma ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta sun shiga arewacin Mexico da kudu maso yammacin Amurka.{{Clear}}Peccaries suna da kamanceceniya da aladu na gaskiya saboda kakanninsu na yau da kullun kuma suna cikin rukuni ɗaya da alade (Suina). Sun kasance a Kudancin Amurka tun zamanin da.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gongora |first=J. |last2=Moran |first2=C. |date=2005 |title=Nuclear and mitochondrial evolutionary analyses of Collared, White-lipped, and Chacoan peccaries (Tayassuidae) |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=181–189 |bibcode=2005MolPE..34..181G |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2004.08.021 |pmid=15579391}}</ref> Bayanan kimiyya na farko na peccaries a cikin Sabon Duniya yana cikin [[Brazil]] a cikin 1547, inda ake kiransu "zaki na daji".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Donkin |first=R.A. |date=1985 |title=The Peccary -- With Observations on the Introduction of Pigs to the New World |journal=Transactions of the American Philosophical Society |volume=75 |issue=5 |page=3 |doi=10.2307/1006340 |jstor=1006340}}</ref> An rubuta cewa an horar da peccaries, an rubuta su, kuma an haife su don abinci da dalilai na al'ada a Yucatán, Panama, kudancin Caribbean, da Colombia a lokacin Conquest.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Donkin |first=R.A. |date=1985 |title=The Peccary -- With Observations on the Introduction of Pigs to the New World |journal=Transactions of the American Philosophical Society |volume=75 |issue=5 |page=30,35–39 |doi=10.2307/1006340 |jstor=1006340}}</ref> An samo ragowar archaeological na peccaries a Mesoamerica daga zamanin Preclassic (ko Formative) har zuwa nan da nan kafin hulɗar Mutanen Espanya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Donkin |first=R.A. |date=1985 |title=The Peccary -- With Observations on the Introduction of Pigs to the New World |journal=Transactions of the American Philosophical Society |volume=75 |issue=5 |page=29 |doi=10.2307/1006340 |jstor=1006340}}</ref> Musamman, an samo ragowar peccary a wuraren wayewar Olmec na Farko. Ba a iya amfani da shi ba don kiwon dabbobi na zamani, ba tare da halaye masu dacewa don tsarin da ya dace ba ko kuma tsarin da ya fi dacewa. Peccaries suna buƙatar shekaru mafi girma kafin su iya haihuwa (rabuwa) kuma suna da halin Kisan jarirai.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rushton |first=Jonathan |last2=Viscarra |first2=Rommy |last3=Viscarra |first3=Cecilia |last4=Basset |first4=Frederick |last5=Baptista |first5=Rene |last6=Huallata |first6=Corsino |last7=Brown |first7=David |date=December 2004 |title=Captive breeding of wild species – a sceptical view of the prospects |url=https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/3294.pdf |journal=Wildlife Policy Briefing |issue=9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824094952/http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/3294.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-24}}</ref> == Dangantaka da aladu == Halin yawan jama'a na hulɗar tsakanin yawan alade da na nau'ikan nau'ikan peccaries guda biyu (ƙwallo mai ƙwanƙwasawa da farin-lipped peccary) ba a sani ba kuma har yanzu ana nazarin su. Kasancewar aladu na daji na iya rage farauta da Jaguars ke yi a kan yawan jama'a, kamar yadda jaguars suna nuna fifiko ga farautar aladu lokacin da suke samuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Furtado |first=Fred |date=February 13, 2009 |title=Porco-monteiro: invasor ou vizinho? |trans-title=Wild pig: invader or neighbor? |url=https://cienciahoje.org.br/porco-monteiro-invasor-ou-vizinho/ |publisher=Ciencia Hoje}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * [http://www.azgfd.gov/w_c/urban_javelina.shtml Ma'aikatar Wasanni da Kifi ta Arizona - Rayuwa tare da Javelina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313103245/http://www.azgfd.gov/w_c/urban_javelina.shtml |date=2016-03-13 }} An adana shi * [https://azstateparks.com/javelina Gidajen shakatawa da hanyoyi na Jihar Arizona - Javelina] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b2oqfkb82vunypxgzq6gjh4re59uav1 0 157802 892912 867477 2026-08-08T10:38:08Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sir William Bassett''' (1628 – 25 September 1693) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1669 and 1693. Bassett ɗan William Bassett ne na Claverton, kusa da Bath, da matarsa ta biyu Elizabeth Killigrew, ƴar Sir Joseph Killigrew na Lothbury, London da Landrake, Cornwall. An yi masa baftisma a ranar 17 ga Afrilu 1628. Ya gaji mallakar Claverton bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa a shekara ta 1656. An ba shi daraja a ranar 7 ga Yulin shekarar 1660 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka ba da shawarar a matsayin Knight na Royal Oak tare da dukiyar £ 1,800 a kowace shekara. Ya kasance kwamishinan kimantawa na Somerset daga watan Agustan 1660 zuwa 1680. A shekara ta 1661 an sanya shi dan 'yanci na Bath kuma ya kasance kyaftin din doki na Somerset. Ya zama JP na Somerset a shekara ta 1662.<ref name="HOP">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=BASSETT, Sir William (1628-93), of Claverton, nr. Bath, Som. |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/member/bassett-sir-william-1628-93 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420235413/https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/member/bassett-sir-william-1628-93 |archive-date=2021-04-20 |access-date=2020-11-17 |website=History of Parliament |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1669, Bassett was elected Member of Parliament for Bath in the Cavalier Parliament. He was commissioner for recusants for Somerset in 1675. By 1679 he was a major in the militia, He was re-elected MP for Bath in first election of 1679, but lost his seat in the second election that year. He was Deputy Lieutenant from 1680 to 1687. In 1681 he was elected MP for Bath again. He became a member of the Honourable Artillery Company in 1681. He was J.P. for Cornwall from 1683 to 1685 and for Bath from 1684 to October 1688. In 1685 he was re-elected MP for Bath, and again in 1689. From 1689 to 1690 he was commissioner for assessment for Somerset and became Deputy Lieutenant for Somerset in 1689. He was commissioner for assessment for Bath in 1690. In 1690 he was re-elected MP for Bath.<ref name="HOP"/> Bassett died at the age of about 65 and was buried at Claverton.<ref name="HOP"/> Bassett married firstly Philadelphia Cambell, daughter of James Cambell of Woodford, Essex, and coheir to her brother [[Sir John Cambell, 1st Baronet]]. She died without issue and he married secondly on 28 September 1685, Rachel Biddulph, daughter of Sir Theophilus Biddulph of Westcombe Park, Greenwich, Kent.<ref name="HOP"/> == Manazarta == p2vmp2zym29wcxno2bdcxh5citp5wbh 892913 892912 2026-08-08T10:38:21Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sir William Bassett''' (1628 – 25 September 1693) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1669 and 1693. Bassett ɗan William Bassett ne na Claverton, kusa da Bath, da matarsa ta biyu Elizabeth Killigrew, ƴar Sir Joseph Killigrew na Lothbury, London da Landrake, Cornwall. An yi masa baftisma a ranar 17 ga Afrilu 1628. Ya gaji mallakar Claverton bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa a shekara ta 1656. An ba shi daraja a ranar 7 ga Yulin shekarar 1660 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka ba da shawarar a matsayin Knight na Royal Oak tare da dukiyar £ 1,800 a kowace shekara. Ya kasance kwamishinan kimantawa na Somerset daga watan Agustan shekarar 1660 zuwa 1680. A shekara ta 1661 an sanya shi dan 'yanci na Bath kuma ya kasance kyaftin din doki na Somerset. Ya zama JP na Somerset a shekara ta 1662.<ref name="HOP">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=BASSETT, Sir William (1628-93), of Claverton, nr. Bath, Som. |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/member/bassett-sir-william-1628-93 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420235413/https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/member/bassett-sir-william-1628-93 |archive-date=2021-04-20 |access-date=2020-11-17 |website=History of Parliament |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1669, Bassett was elected Member of Parliament for Bath in the Cavalier Parliament. He was commissioner for recusants for Somerset in 1675. By 1679 he was a major in the militia, He was re-elected MP for Bath in first election of 1679, but lost his seat in the second election that year. He was Deputy Lieutenant from 1680 to 1687. In 1681 he was elected MP for Bath again. He became a member of the Honourable Artillery Company in 1681. He was J.P. for Cornwall from 1683 to 1685 and for Bath from 1684 to October 1688. In 1685 he was re-elected MP for Bath, and again in 1689. From 1689 to 1690 he was commissioner for assessment for Somerset and became Deputy Lieutenant for Somerset in 1689. He was commissioner for assessment for Bath in 1690. In 1690 he was re-elected MP for Bath.<ref name="HOP"/> Bassett died at the age of about 65 and was buried at Claverton.<ref name="HOP"/> Bassett married firstly Philadelphia Cambell, daughter of James Cambell of Woodford, Essex, and coheir to her brother [[Sir John Cambell, 1st Baronet]]. She died without issue and he married secondly on 28 September 1685, Rachel Biddulph, daughter of Sir Theophilus Biddulph of Westcombe Park, Greenwich, Kent.<ref name="HOP"/> == Manazarta == ov4etqiyga8ziag7bwrxdjhsqmppadj 0 158930 892888 862278 2026-08-08T10:27:51Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:US_Navy_070926-N-0000X-003_Guided-missile_destroyer_USS_Stout_(DDG_55)_tows_Tanzanian-flagged_passenger_ferry_Spice_Island_while_in_international_waters_off_the_coast_of_Somalia.jpg|thumb|Spice Islander I a karkashin janar na USS Stout a cikin 2007]] '''''Spice Islander I''''' was a 836 GRT Ro-Ro ferry which was built in Greece in 1967 as '''''Marianna'''''. She was renamed '''''Apostolos P''''' following a sale in 1988. She was sold to a Honduran company in 2007 and renamed '''''Spice Islander I'''''. On 10 September 2011, she sank, resulting in the deaths of 1,573 people, many of whom were never recovered. == Bayyanawa == The ship was {{Convert|60.00|m|ft}} long, with a beam of {{Convert|11.40|m|ft}}. She was assessed at 836 GRT, 663 NRT, 225 DWT. The ship was propelled by two Poyaud 12VUD25 diesel engines, of {{Convert|1560|hp|kW}}.<ref name="Fakta">{{Cite web |title=M/S Apostolos P. |url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm |access-date=23 March 2013 |publisher=Fakta om Fartyg |language=Swedish}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kuma gina ta a shekarar 1967 a matsayin ''Marianna'' ga wani mai shi da ba a san shi ba, daga baya aka sayar da ita ga Theologos P. Naftiliaki na Piraeus, Girka. A shekara ta 1988, an sayar da ''Marianna'' ga Apostolos Shipping kuma an sake masa suna Apostolos P. Daga baya aka sayar da ita ga Saronikos Ferries kuma aka sanya ta aiki a kan hanyar Piraeus - Aegina - Agistri.<ref name="Fakta">{{Cite web |title=M/S Apostolos P. |url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm |access-date=23 March 2013 |publisher=Fakta om Fartyg |language=Swedish}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm "M/S Apostolos P."] (in Swedish). </cite></ref> A shekara ta 2005, Apostolos P ya yi rajista a Hellenic Seaways . A shekara ta 2007, an sayar da ita ga Makame Hasnuu na [[Zanzibar]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], kuma an sake masa suna Spice Islander I.<ref name="Fakta">{{Cite web |title=M/S Apostolos P. |url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm |access-date=23 March 2013 |publisher=Fakta om Fartyg |language=Swedish}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm "M/S Apostolos P."] (in Swedish). </cite></ref> A ranar 25 ga Satumba, 2007, ''Spice Islander I'' tana bakin tekun [[Somaliya]] lokacin da ta fuskanci matsalar injin saboda gurɓataccen mai. Bayan an yi ƙarar ƙararrawa ta [[Kenya]], USS ta fara aiki. An aika da USS daga rundunar hadin gwiwa ta Combined Task Force 150 don taimaka mata. <ref name="Dubai">{{Cite web |date=December 2007 |title=M/V Spice Islander, Marlo Success Story |url=http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/marlo/Events/events_files/MARLO-Dubai-Flier%202007.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319181811/http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/marlo/Events/events_files/MARLO-Dubai-Flier%202007.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-19 |website=2007 MARLO Conference |publisher=Maritime Liaison Office}}</ref> Jirgin yana kan tafiya daga [[Oman]] zuwa Tanzania kuma ba ya ɗauke da fasinjoji. USS James E. Williams shi ma ya mayar da martani. ''Stout'' ya samar wa jirgin {{Convert|7,800|USgal}}man fetur sannan ta samar wa ma'aikatan jirgin guda goma abinci da ruwa. Bayan an sake kunna injinan ta, ta ci gaba da tafiyarta zuwa Tanzaniya. <ref name="Stout">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2007 |title=USS Stout Assists Distressed Vessel Off Somali Coast |url=http://www.navy.mil/search/print.asp?story_id=32116&VIRIN=&imagetype=0&page=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016131131/http://www.navy.mil/search/print.asp?story_id=32116&VIRIN=&imagetype=0&page=1 |archive-date=16 October 2012 |access-date=10 September 2011 |publisher=United States Navy}}</ref> == Rashin == A karfe 21:00 na yankin (19:00 UTC) a ranar 9 ga Satumba 2011, Spice Islander na tashi daga Unguja zuwa Tsibirin Pemba. An ruwaito cewa tana dauke da fasinjoji sama da 800.<ref name="BBC14864400">{{Cite web |date=10 September 2011 |title='Hundreds missing' in Zanzibar ferry disaster |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14864400 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> Matsayinta ya kasance ma'aikata 45 da fasinjoji 654.<ref name="Fakta" /> A kusa da 01:00, (lokacin yankin) a ranar 10 ga Satumba (23:00, 9 ga Satumba UTC) Spice Islander Na nutse tsakanin Zanzibar da Pemba. Daga cikin wadanda ke cikin jirgin, an ceto 620.<ref name="BBC14864400" /> An gano gawawwakin 240 ne kawai, kuma an sanya adadin wadanda suka mutu a 2,976; duk da haka, an sake fasalin wannan ƙididdigar zuwa ƙasa a watan Janairun 2012 zuwa 1,573. == Manazarta == 5tmlr8m37b5coclyibh6cprvk11r7ww 892889 892888 2026-08-08T10:28:16Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:US_Navy_070926-N-0000X-003_Guided-missile_destroyer_USS_Stout_(DDG_55)_tows_Tanzanian-flagged_passenger_ferry_Spice_Island_while_in_international_waters_off_the_coast_of_Somalia.jpg|thumb|Spice Islander I a karkashin janar na USS Stout a cikin 2007]] '''''Spice Islander I''''' was a 836 GRT Ro-Ro ferry which was built in Greece in 1967 as '''''Marianna'''''. She was renamed '''''Apostolos P''''' following a sale in 1988. She was sold to a Honduran company in 2007 and renamed '''''Spice Islander I'''''. On 10 September 2011, she sank, resulting in the deaths of 1,573 people, many of whom were never recovered. == Bayyanawa == The ship was {{Convert|60.00|m|ft}} long, with a beam of {{Convert|11.40|m|ft}}. She was assessed at 836 GRT, 663 NRT, 225 DWT. The ship was propelled by two Poyaud 12VUD25 diesel engines, of {{Convert|1560|hp|kW}}.<ref name="Fakta">{{Cite web |title=M/S Apostolos P. |url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm |access-date=23 March 2013 |publisher=Fakta om Fartyg |language=Swedish}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kuma gina ta a shekarar 1967 a matsayin ''Marianna'' ga wani mai shi da ba a san shi ba, daga baya aka sayar da ita ga Theologos P. Naftiliaki na Piraeus, Girka. A shekara ta 1988, an sayar da ''Marianna'' ga Apostolos Shipping kuma an sake masa suna Apostolos P. Daga baya aka sayar da ita ga Saronikos Ferries kuma aka sanya ta aiki a kan hanyar Piraeus - Aegina - Agistri.<ref name="Fakta">{{Cite web |title=M/S Apostolos P. |url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm |access-date=23 March 2013 |publisher=Fakta om Fartyg |language=Swedish}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm "M/S Apostolos P."] (in Swedish). </cite></ref> A shekara ta 2005, Apostolos P ya yi rajista a Hellenic Seaways . A shekara ta 2007, an sayar da ita ga Makame Hasnuu na [[Zanzibar]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], kuma an sake masa suna Spice Islander I.<ref name="Fakta">{{Cite web |title=M/S Apostolos P. |url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm |access-date=23 March 2013 |publisher=Fakta om Fartyg |language=Swedish}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm "M/S Apostolos P."] (in Swedish). </cite></ref> A ranar 25 ga Satumban shekarar 2007, ''Spice Islander I'' tana bakin tekun [[Somaliya]] lokacin da ta fuskanci matsalar injin saboda gurɓataccen mai. Bayan an yi ƙarar ƙararrawa ta [[Kenya]], USS ta fara aiki. An aika da USS daga rundunar hadin gwiwa ta Combined Task Force 150 don taimaka mata. <ref name="Dubai">{{Cite web |date=December 2007 |title=M/V Spice Islander, Marlo Success Story |url=http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/marlo/Events/events_files/MARLO-Dubai-Flier%202007.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319181811/http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/marlo/Events/events_files/MARLO-Dubai-Flier%202007.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-19 |website=2007 MARLO Conference |publisher=Maritime Liaison Office}}</ref> Jirgin yana kan tafiya daga [[Oman]] zuwa Tanzania kuma ba ya ɗauke da fasinjoji. USS James E. Williams shi ma ya mayar da martani. ''Stout'' ya samar wa jirgin {{Convert|7,800|USgal}}man fetur sannan ta samar wa ma'aikatan jirgin guda goma abinci da ruwa. Bayan an sake kunna injinan ta, ta ci gaba da tafiyarta zuwa Tanzaniya. <ref name="Stout">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2007 |title=USS Stout Assists Distressed Vessel Off Somali Coast |url=http://www.navy.mil/search/print.asp?story_id=32116&VIRIN=&imagetype=0&page=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016131131/http://www.navy.mil/search/print.asp?story_id=32116&VIRIN=&imagetype=0&page=1 |archive-date=16 October 2012 |access-date=10 September 2011 |publisher=United States Navy}}</ref> == Rashin == A karfe 21:00 na yankin (19:00 UTC) a ranar 9 ga Satumba 2011, Spice Islander na tashi daga Unguja zuwa Tsibirin Pemba. An ruwaito cewa tana dauke da fasinjoji sama da 800.<ref name="BBC14864400">{{Cite web |date=10 September 2011 |title='Hundreds missing' in Zanzibar ferry disaster |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14864400 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> Matsayinta ya kasance ma'aikata 45 da fasinjoji 654.<ref name="Fakta" /> A kusa da 01:00, (lokacin yankin) a ranar 10 ga Satumba (23:00, 9 ga Satumba UTC) Spice Islander Na nutse tsakanin Zanzibar da Pemba. Daga cikin wadanda ke cikin jirgin, an ceto 620.<ref name="BBC14864400" /> An gano gawawwakin 240 ne kawai, kuma an sanya adadin wadanda suka mutu a 2,976; duk da haka, an sake fasalin wannan ƙididdigar zuwa ƙasa a watan Janairun 2012 zuwa 1,573. == Manazarta == ckbwf03v69n62gh5vcthrmtn01bh6bv 892890 892889 2026-08-08T10:28:36Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:US_Navy_070926-N-0000X-003_Guided-missile_destroyer_USS_Stout_(DDG_55)_tows_Tanzanian-flagged_passenger_ferry_Spice_Island_while_in_international_waters_off_the_coast_of_Somalia.jpg|thumb|Spice Islander I a karkashin janar na USS Stout a cikin 2007]] '''''Spice Islander I''''' was a 836 GRT Ro-Ro ferry which was built in Greece in 1967 as '''''Marianna'''''. She was renamed '''''Apostolos P''''' following a sale in 1988. She was sold to a Honduran company in 2007 and renamed '''''Spice Islander I'''''. On 10 September 2011, she sank, resulting in the deaths of 1,573 people, many of whom were never recovered. == Bayyanawa == The ship was {{Convert|60.00|m|ft}} long, with a beam of {{Convert|11.40|m|ft}}. She was assessed at 836 GRT, 663 NRT, 225 DWT. The ship was propelled by two Poyaud 12VUD25 diesel engines, of {{Convert|1560|hp|kW}}.<ref name="Fakta">{{Cite web |title=M/S Apostolos P. |url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm |access-date=23 March 2013 |publisher=Fakta om Fartyg |language=Swedish}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kuma gina ta a shekarar 1967 a matsayin ''Marianna'' ga wani mai shi da ba a san shi ba, daga baya aka sayar da ita ga Theologos P. Naftiliaki na Piraeus, Girka. A shekara ta 1988, an sayar da ''Marianna'' ga Apostolos Shipping kuma an sake masa suna Apostolos P. Daga baya aka sayar da ita ga Saronikos Ferries kuma aka sanya ta aiki a kan hanyar Piraeus - Aegina - Agistri.<ref name="Fakta">{{Cite web |title=M/S Apostolos P. |url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm |access-date=23 March 2013 |publisher=Fakta om Fartyg |language=Swedish}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm "M/S Apostolos P."] (in Swedish). </cite></ref> A shekara ta 2005, Apostolos P ya yi rajista a Hellenic Seaways . A shekara ta 2007, an sayar da ita ga Makame Hasnuu na [[Zanzibar]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], kuma an sake masa suna Spice Islander I.<ref name="Fakta">{{Cite web |title=M/S Apostolos P. |url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm |access-date=23 March 2013 |publisher=Fakta om Fartyg |language=Swedish}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm "M/S Apostolos P."] (in Swedish). </cite></ref> A ranar 25 ga Satumban shekarar 2007, ''Spice Islander I'' tana bakin tekun [[Somaliya]] lokacin da ta fuskanci matsalar injin saboda gurɓataccen mai. Bayan an yi ƙarar ƙararrawa ta [[Kenya]], USS ta fara aiki. An aika da USS daga rundunar hadin gwiwa ta Combined Task Force 150 don taimaka mata. <ref name="Dubai">{{Cite web |date=December 2007 |title=M/V Spice Islander, Marlo Success Story |url=http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/marlo/Events/events_files/MARLO-Dubai-Flier%202007.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319181811/http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/marlo/Events/events_files/MARLO-Dubai-Flier%202007.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-19 |website=2007 MARLO Conference |publisher=Maritime Liaison Office}}</ref> Jirgin yana kan tafiya daga [[Oman]] zuwa Tanzania kuma ba ya ɗauke da fasinjoji. USS James E. Williams shi ma ya mayar da martani. ''Stout'' ya samar wa jirgin {{Convert|7,800|USgal}}man fetur sannan ta samar wa ma'aikatan jirgin guda goma abinci da ruwa. Bayan an sake kunna injinan ta, ta ci gaba da tafiyarta zuwa Tanzaniya. <ref name="Stout">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2007 |title=USS Stout Assists Distressed Vessel Off Somali Coast |url=http://www.navy.mil/search/print.asp?story_id=32116&VIRIN=&imagetype=0&page=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016131131/http://www.navy.mil/search/print.asp?story_id=32116&VIRIN=&imagetype=0&page=1 |archive-date=16 October 2012 |access-date=10 September 2011 |publisher=United States Navy}}</ref> == Rashin == A karfe 21:00 na yankin (19:00 UTC) a ranar 9 ga Satumban shekarar 2011, Spice Islander na tashi daga Unguja zuwa Tsibirin Pemba. An ruwaito cewa tana dauke da fasinjoji sama da 800.<ref name="BBC14864400">{{Cite web |date=10 September 2011 |title='Hundreds missing' in Zanzibar ferry disaster |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14864400 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> Matsayinta ya kasance ma'aikata 45 da fasinjoji 654.<ref name="Fakta" /> A kusa da 01:00, (lokacin yankin) a ranar 10 ga Satumba (23:00, 9 ga Satumba UTC) Spice Islander Na nutse tsakanin Zanzibar da Pemba. Daga cikin wadanda ke cikin jirgin, an ceto 620.<ref name="BBC14864400" /> An gano gawawwakin 240 ne kawai, kuma an sanya adadin wadanda suka mutu a 2,976; duk da haka, an sake fasalin wannan ƙididdigar zuwa ƙasa a watan Janairun 2012 zuwa 1,573. == Manazarta == rxz0mel9gmvzhipp4cx6vnpl3e6dc9k 892891 892890 2026-08-08T10:28:49Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:US_Navy_070926-N-0000X-003_Guided-missile_destroyer_USS_Stout_(DDG_55)_tows_Tanzanian-flagged_passenger_ferry_Spice_Island_while_in_international_waters_off_the_coast_of_Somalia.jpg|thumb|Spice Islander I a karkashin janar na USS Stout a cikin 2007]] '''''Spice Islander I''''' was a 836 GRT Ro-Ro ferry which was built in Greece in 1967 as '''''Marianna'''''. She was renamed '''''Apostolos P''''' following a sale in 1988. She was sold to a Honduran company in 2007 and renamed '''''Spice Islander I'''''. On 10 September 2011, she sank, resulting in the deaths of 1,573 people, many of whom were never recovered. == Bayyanawa == The ship was {{Convert|60.00|m|ft}} long, with a beam of {{Convert|11.40|m|ft}}. She was assessed at 836 GRT, 663 NRT, 225 DWT. The ship was propelled by two Poyaud 12VUD25 diesel engines, of {{Convert|1560|hp|kW}}.<ref name="Fakta">{{Cite web |title=M/S Apostolos P. |url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm |access-date=23 March 2013 |publisher=Fakta om Fartyg |language=Swedish}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kuma gina ta a shekarar 1967 a matsayin ''Marianna'' ga wani mai shi da ba a san shi ba, daga baya aka sayar da ita ga Theologos P. Naftiliaki na Piraeus, Girka. A shekara ta 1988, an sayar da ''Marianna'' ga Apostolos Shipping kuma an sake masa suna Apostolos P. Daga baya aka sayar da ita ga Saronikos Ferries kuma aka sanya ta aiki a kan hanyar Piraeus - Aegina - Agistri.<ref name="Fakta">{{Cite web |title=M/S Apostolos P. |url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm |access-date=23 March 2013 |publisher=Fakta om Fartyg |language=Swedish}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm "M/S Apostolos P."] (in Swedish). </cite></ref> A shekara ta 2005, Apostolos P ya yi rajista a Hellenic Seaways . A shekara ta 2007, an sayar da ita ga Makame Hasnuu na [[Zanzibar]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], kuma an sake masa suna Spice Islander I.<ref name="Fakta">{{Cite web |title=M/S Apostolos P. |url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm |access-date=23 March 2013 |publisher=Fakta om Fartyg |language=Swedish}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm "M/S Apostolos P."] (in Swedish). </cite></ref> A ranar 25 ga Satumban shekarar 2007, ''Spice Islander I'' tana bakin tekun [[Somaliya]] lokacin da ta fuskanci matsalar injin saboda gurɓataccen mai. Bayan an yi ƙarar ƙararrawa ta [[Kenya]], USS ta fara aiki. An aika da USS daga rundunar hadin gwiwa ta Combined Task Force 150 don taimaka mata. <ref name="Dubai">{{Cite web |date=December 2007 |title=M/V Spice Islander, Marlo Success Story |url=http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/marlo/Events/events_files/MARLO-Dubai-Flier%202007.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319181811/http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/marlo/Events/events_files/MARLO-Dubai-Flier%202007.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-19 |website=2007 MARLO Conference |publisher=Maritime Liaison Office}}</ref> Jirgin yana kan tafiya daga [[Oman]] zuwa Tanzania kuma ba ya ɗauke da fasinjoji. USS James E. Williams shi ma ya mayar da martani. ''Stout'' ya samar wa jirgin {{Convert|7,800|USgal}}man fetur sannan ta samar wa ma'aikatan jirgin guda goma abinci da ruwa. Bayan an sake kunna injinan ta, ta ci gaba da tafiyarta zuwa Tanzaniya. <ref name="Stout">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2007 |title=USS Stout Assists Distressed Vessel Off Somali Coast |url=http://www.navy.mil/search/print.asp?story_id=32116&VIRIN=&imagetype=0&page=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016131131/http://www.navy.mil/search/print.asp?story_id=32116&VIRIN=&imagetype=0&page=1 |archive-date=16 October 2012 |access-date=10 September 2011 |publisher=United States Navy}}</ref> == Rashin == A karfe 21:00 na yankin (19:00 UTC) a ranar 9 ga Satumban shekarar 2011, Spice Islander na tashi daga Unguja zuwa Tsibirin Pemba. An ruwaito cewa tana dauke da fasinjoji sama da 800.<ref name="BBC14864400">{{Cite web |date=10 September 2011 |title='Hundreds missing' in Zanzibar ferry disaster |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14864400 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> Matsayinta ya kasance ma'aikata 45 da fasinjoji 654.<ref name="Fakta" /> A kusa da 01:00, (lokacin yankin) a ranar 10 ga Satumba (23:00, 9 ga Satumba UTC) Spice Islander Na nutse tsakanin Zanzibar da Pemba. Daga cikin wadanda ke cikin jirgin, an ceto 620.<ref name="BBC14864400" /> An gano gawawwakin 240 ne kawai, kuma an sanya adadin wadanda suka mutu a 2,976; duk da haka, an sake fasalin wannan ƙididdigar zuwa ƙasa a watan Janairun shekarar 2012 zuwa 1,573. == Manazarta == 7cmlhdhbgrixif0zv6exq6k4syuwtge 0 159107 892633 862991 2026-08-07T18:43:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Hoarders''''' wani shirin talabijin ne na gaskiya na Amurka wanda aka fara nunawa a A&amp;amp;E a ranar 17 ga Agusta, 2009. Shirin yana nuna gwagwarmayar rayuwa ta gaske da kuma yadda mutane ke fama da [[Matsalar tarin kuɗi|matsalar tara kuɗi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 11, 2009 |title=A&E Premieres New Original Nonfiction Series "Hoarders" |url=http://thefutoncritic.com/news/2009/08/11/a-and-e-premieres-new-original-nonfiction-series-hoarders-32342/20090811aande01/ |website=The Futon Critic}}</ref> Shirin ya kammala aikinsa na farko a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 2013, bayan shekaru shida. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kondolojy |first=Amanda |date=September 25, 2013 |title='Hoarders' Canceled by A&E after Six Seasons |url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/09/25/hoarders-canceled-by-ae-after-six-seasons/204969/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927212149/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/09/25/hoarders-canceled-by-ae-after-six-seasons/204969/ |archive-date=September 27, 2013 |website=TV by the Numbers}}</ref> Fiye da shekara guda bayan soke shirin na farko a shekarar 2013, Lifetime ta fara watsa shirye-shiryen "Sabuntawa" na mako-mako a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 31, 2014 |title=Hoarders Update on Lifetime Could Revive Show |url=https://guardianlv.com/2014/05/hoarders-update-on-lifetime-could-revive-show/}}</ref> Kowane shiri na "Sabuntawa" yana gabatar da wani shiri daga lokutan baya, wanda ya ƙare da ziyarar yau da kullun ga wani mai tarawa da aka nuna ta hanyar mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ko mai shirya wanda ya yi aiki tare da su. Hira da mai tarawa da iyalansu sun bayyana yadda rayuwarsu ta ci gaba tun bayan bayyanarsu ta farko a shirin. Wannan ya haifar da samar da kakar wasa ta bakwai, ''Hoarders: Family Secrets'', wanda aka watsa a Lifetime daga 28 ga Mayu, 2015, zuwa 30 ga Yuli, 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=Mar 15, 2015 |title=New Episodes of Hoarders in Production |url=https://www.realityblurred.com/realitytv/2015/03/will-hoarders-return-yes-coming-back-with-new-episodes/}}</ref> Shirin ya koma A&amp;amp;E don lokutan da suka biyo baya, farawa da kakar wasa ta takwas a ranar 3 ga Janairu, 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Andy Dehnart |date=2016-01-04 |title=Hoarders quietly moves back to A&E |url=https://www.realityblurred.com/realitytv/2016/01/hoarders-back-to-ae/ |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=reality blurred |language=en-US}}</ref> Shirye-shiryen "Sabuntawa" suna ci gaba da gudana tsakanin yanayi a ƙarƙashin taken '''''Hoarders: Where Are They Now?,''''' '''''Hoarders: Then & Now''''' ko '''''Hoarders: Overload''''' . Kakar wasa ta sha ɗaya ta fara fitowa a ranar 20 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cohn |first=Paulette |date=2020-07-20 |title=Real People, Real Disorders! Everything We Know About Hoarders Season 11 |url=https://parade.com/1063413/paulettecohn/hoarders-season-11/ |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=Parade: Entertainment, Recipes, Health, Life, Holidays |language=en}}</ref> Kakar wasa ta sha biyu ta fara fitowa a ranar 22 ga Maris, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leiber |first=Sarah Jae |title=A&E's INTERVENTION Returns For A New Season In Las Vegas |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/AEs-INTERVENTION-Returns-For-A-New-Season-In-Las-Vegas-20210224 |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=BroadwayWorld.com |language=en}}</ref> == Bayani == === Tsarin === Kowace shiri na minti 60 tana ɗauke da bayanai kan shiga tsakani ɗaya ko biyu. A mafi yawan lokutan farko, mai tattara kayan ya yi aiki tare da likitan tabin hankali/masanin tabin hankali, ƙwararren mai shirya kaya, ko kuma "ƙwararren mai tsaftacewa mai tsanani," waɗanda kowannensu ya ƙware a wani fanni da ya shafi magance matsalolin damuwa, [[Matsalar damuwa|matsalolin damuwa]], da/ko tarin kayan. Ƙungiyar ƙwararrun masu tsaftacewa (yawanci kamfani ne na gida na babban mai tallafawa jerin) sun yi ainihin aikin tsaftacewa. Shirye-shirye biyu a kakar wasa ta farko sun ƙunshi aikin tsaftacewa tare da masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ''da kuma'' mai shiryawa: Jill (kashi na "Jennifer da Ron/Jill") da Patty (kashi na "Patty/Bill"). Tun daga kakar wasa ta 2 zuwa gaba, an ba duk masu tattara kayan aikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da mai shiryawa. Kashi na ƙarshe na kakar wasa ta farko, "Paul/Missy da Alex", ya ƙunshi ƙwararren mai shirya kaya Geralin Thomas, CPO-CD, yana aiki tare da Missy, yayin da ƙwararren masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na yara, Dr. David Dia, ya yi aiki tare da ɗan Missy mai shekaru bakwai Alex. Tun daga kakar wasa ta biyu, kowanne mai tattara kayan yana da ƙungiyar kwararru ta masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da kuma masu shirya/masu tsaftacewa waɗanda ke taimaka musu. Wannan haɗin gwiwar ƙwararru yana jagorantar ƙungiyar ƙwararrun masu tsaftace kayan, iyali, abokai, da dangin mai tattara kayan wajen gudanar da zaman share kayan na tsawon kwanaki biyu zuwa uku. A mafi yawan lokuta, rikici ya haifar da shiga tsakani, kamar barazanar korar yara ko kuma cire ƙananan yara daga gida. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> A ƙarshen kowane shiri, rubutun da aka yi a allon yana nuna sakamakon aikin tsaftacewa na ɗan gajeren lokaci, gami da shawarar da waɗanda abin ya shafa suka yanke kan ko za su nemi ƙarin taimako daga masu shiryawa da/ko masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali. Shirin yana ba da kuɗin watanni shida na kulawa bayan an gama aiki don biyan waɗannan ƙwararru, kuma a wasu lokutan, don yin gyare-gyare masu mahimmanci ga gidan. [1] Tun daga ƙarshen kakar wasa ta tara, an faɗaɗa shirye-shiryen zuwa awanni biyu kuma an mai da hankali kan mai tara kaya ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goronja |first=Ariel |date=2020-07-20 |title=Hoarders Season 11 Premiere Schedule: What Time & Date Does it Air? |url=https://heavy.com/entertainment/2020/07/hoarders-season-11-premiere-time-date/ |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=Heavy.com |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kowanne daga cikin shirye-shiryen "Sabuntawa" yana sake duba tarin bayanai daga shirye-shiryen da suka gabata, yana nuna faifan bidiyo daga bayyanarsu ta asali sannan kuma sabbin bidiyoyi suna bayanin ci gaban da suka samu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> == Manazarta == 3lks670fcj1bdxug289limvkk3k43ai 0 159111 892596 888344 2026-08-07T12:48:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maki na haɗarin fatarar kuɗi'''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankruptcy_risk_score</ref> Maki na haɗarin fatarar kuɗi lamba ce da ke nuna yiwuwar mutum ya shigar da ƙarar fatarar kuɗi. Duk da cewa an yi amfani da shi sama da shekaru ashirin don tantance haɗari yayin ba da rance, masu amfani kaɗan ne suka sani game da shi. Yana da alaƙa da sanannen maki na bashi, amma ba kamar maki na bashi ba, ba a sayar da maki na haɗarin fatarar kuɗi ga masu amfani ta kowace hukumar ba da rance. Sakamakon haka, mutane ba su da wata hanyar sanin menene maki na haɗarin fatarar kuɗi ko yadda za su inganta su. Bugu da ƙari, tunda babu ma'aunin ma'auni na daidaito, masu amfani galibi suna fuskantar matsala wajen daidaita maki nasu a kan ma'aunin daidaito, maimakon haka suna karɓar bayanai na gabaɗaya kawai daga hukuma ɗaya.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070819082522/http://moneycentral.msn.com/content/Banking/Yourcreditrating/P137322.asp</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.boostcredit101.com/News/Post/bankruptcy-risk-score |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-06-21 |archive-date=2025-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408222133/https://www.boostcredit101.com/News/Post/bankruptcy-risk-score |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana kuma kiran wannan azaman bincike na bashi wanda ke ba masu ba da lamuni damar tantance haɗarin abokin ciniki wajen karɓar lamuni. Mutum na iya inganta makinsu ta hanyar biyan kuɗi akan lokaci, rage ma'auni, da samun 'yan asusu masu juyawa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.equifax.com/business/bankruptcy-navigator-index |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-06-21 |archive-date=2021-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927201425/https://www.equifax.com/business/bankruptcy-navigator-index/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Equifax, wani kamfanin bayar da bashi na Amurka, yana bayar da maki na haɗarin fatarar kuɗi da ake kira Bankruptcy Navigator Index ga abokan cinikinsa na kasuwanci.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180322081431/https://www.creditcards.com/credit-card-news/bankruptcy-risk-score-1270.php</ref> BNI 4.0 tana ɗaukar ma'aunin bashin abokin ciniki idan aka kwatanta da iyakokin bashi a matsayin abin da ya fi nauyi. Yana da kewayon maki daga 1 (ƙasa) kuma yana ƙarewa a 600 (babba) tare da ƙananan maki waɗanda ke zama babban haɗarin shigar da ƙarar fatarar kuɗi cikin shekaru 2 masu zuwa. Yawancin masu bayar da katin bashi ba sa bayyana amfani da BNI a kan wasiƙar ƙin yarda kuma yana da wuya ga masu amfani su san makin su.<ref>https://assets.equifax.com/assets/usis/efx-00164-9-13_efx_bni.pdf</ref> == Manazarta == qbmskuyo9uoa4yqenj3i62p8s0qd1xx 0 159127 892631 863310 2026-08-07T18:17:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892631 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Masjid ''Abdul Gafoor''''' ([[Yaren Tamal|Tamil]]) kuma Jawi lokacin ana kiransa '''Masallacin Dunlop Street''', masallaci ne mai dimbin tarihi wanda ke cikin Little India, Singapore. An sanya masa suna ne bayan wanda ya kafa shi Shaik Abdul Gaffoor, an gina shi ne a 1910 a matsayin maye gurbin tsohuwar masallaci da ke kan titin Dunlop. An buga shi a matsayin abin tunawa na kasa na Singapore a shekara ta 1979. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abdul Gafoor Mosque, Little India Heritage Trail |url=https://www.roots.gov.sg/places/places-landing/Places/landmarks/little-india-heritage-trail-walk-of-faiths/abdul-gafoor-mosque |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Roots |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == Da farko, an gina masallaci da ake kira Masjid Al-Abrar a cikin shekarun 1850 tare da Dunlop Street don yiwa baƙi Musulmai na Indiya hidima a yankin. Wannan masallacin yana ƙarƙashin kyautar awqāf, wanda ake kira Dunlop Street Mosque Endowment kuma an sanya shi a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 1881. Shaik Abdul Gaffoor, daya daga cikin masu kula da kyautar, ya sami wasika ta amincewa don gina shagunan a kusa da masallacin. An yi amfani da kuɗin shiga daga waɗannan shaguna don gina sabon masallaci a wannan yanki tare da Dunlop Street, wanda aka kammala a cikin 1910. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> A lokacin mutuwar Shaik Abdul Gaffoor a 1919, shi ne kawai mai kula da Masallacin Dunlop Street kuma saboda haka an ba da mallakar ƙasar ga Kwamitin Gudanar da Musulmi da Hindu a 1927. <ref name=":0" /> Bayan samun 'yancin kai na Singapore, masallacin da kadarorinsa sun fada ƙarƙashin kulawar Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS). [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2026}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2026)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Masjid Abdul Gaffoor an buga shi a matsayin abin tunawa na kasa na Singapore a ranar 13 ga Yulin 1979. Koyaya, masallacin ya lalace a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, don haka wasu kamfen ɗin tara kuɗi da roko na gaggawa sun taimaka wajen tara dala miliyan 2.5 don inganta ƙasar awqāf tare da Dunlop Street, wanda ya haɗa da maido da masallacin sosai yayin da wasu shagunan da ke cikin waqf suka zama madrasah. Babban aikin sabuntawa ya fara ne a farkon shekarun 2000 kuma an kammala shi a ƙarshen 2002 tare da sake buɗe masallacin a ranar 16 ga Mayu 2003. Kafin sabuntawa, an sake gano zane-zanen da suka ɓace don masallacin a cikin 1998, wanda ya haɗa da shimfidar bene na ginshiki.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Heritage in a Pandemic |url=https://www.roots.gov.sg/stories-landing/stories/Abdul-Gafoor-Mosque/Abdul-Gafoor-Mosque-A-Sensitive-Restoration |journal=MUSE SG |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=43 |via=Roots}}</ref> Maidowa ta sami lambar yabo ta Tarihin Gine-gine daga Hukumar Ci Gaban Birni (URA) a shekara ta 2003. Masallacin masallaci ne na Sunni wanda ke da alaƙa da makarantar [[Hanafiyya|Ḥanafī]]. Yana daya daga cikin masallatai uku na Hanafi a Singapore, sauran biyu sune Masjid Angullia da Masjid Bencoolen, dukansu biyu masallatai ne na Indiya. Wannan shi ne saboda koyarwar Hanafi sananne ne a tsakanin Musulmai na Indiya. == Gine-gine == Masallacin Abdul Gaffoor yana da tsari da tsari na musamman. An gina shi ne a cikin cakuda gine-ginen Indo-Saracenic da salon Romawa, tare da haɗa fasalin gargajiya na Musulunci da Turai. Ɗakin addu'a yana sama da matakin ƙasa, kewaye da baranda da balustrades a kowane gefe kuma ana iya isa gare shi ta hanyar matakala. Balustrades ɗin suna da ramuka masu zagaye da masu kaifi a ƙasa, waɗanda aka ɗora a kan baka na cinquefoil masu ado. Babban ƙofar shiga an yi mata firam da baka na cinquefoil guda biyu a ɓangarorin biyu, tare da sassaka cikakkun bayanai a ko'ina, yayin da wani allo mai rubutun kira yana zaune a saman gefen waje na ƙofar shiga. Sama sama yana da sassaka na rana mai zagaye da ƙananan ginshiƙan Corinthian; an ƙawata shi da haruffan Larabci waɗanda ke wakiltar sunayen annabawan da aka ambata a cikin Alƙur'ani, waɗanda suka kai ashirin da biyar. Tsakiya, babban dome na masallacin ya ƙunshi murfin hexagonal a kan wani dandamali wanda ke saman babban zauren addu'a, yayin da wani karamin siffar albasa mai siffar dome tare da alamar crescent da tauraruwa yana zaune a samansa. Saboda zama a tsakiyar babban zauren addu'a a cikin hanyar daidaitawa, babban dome ba a ganuwa da ido idanu ba lokacin da aka gani daga matakin ƙasa. An yi windows ɗin ne da gilashin launi, kamar waɗanda ke bayyane a cikin majami'u. Rubutun Larabci sun yi ado da bangon ciki na babban zauren addu'a.<ref name=":0" /> Har yanzu ana kiyaye yankin wanka na masallacin, kodayake an bushe tafkin kuma yanzu an haɗa shi da bututun ruwa da tsarin famfo na zamani. Tare da farfajiyar akwai shaguna da yawa waɗanda suka kasance wani ɓangare na asalin 1881 Dunlop Street Endowment kuma saboda haka dukiyar masallacin ne. == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery> Fayil:Little_India_-_Abdul_Gafoor_Mosque_-_front_with_shahada.jpg|Atop the entrance of the mosque, with sundial motif visible. Fayil:Masjid_Abdul_Gaffoor_7,_Sep_06.JPG|The main dome of the mosque; an onion dome with an inner cupola atop a raised platform. Fayil:Singapore_Abdul-Gaffoor-Moschee_Innen_4.jpg|The main prayer hall of the mosque. Fayil:Une_arcade_dans_la_mosquée_Abdul_Gaffoor.jpg|Arch and support columns inside the main prayer hall. Fayil:Intérieur_de_la_mosquée_Abdul_Gaffoor.jpg|Interior of the main prayer hall, with the [[mihrab]] and [[Mimbari|minbar]] (pulpit). Fayil:Lustre_sous_le_dôme,_mosquée_Abdul_Gaffoor.jpg|A view underneath the main dome; a chandelier hangs from the centre of the innermost side of the cupola. Fayil:Sous_le_dôme,_mosquée_Abdul_Gaffoor.jpg|A more complete look underneath main dome. Fayil:Salle_de_prière_des_femmes_de_la_mosquée_Abdul_Gaffoor.jpg|The prayer hall for female worshippers. Fayil:Singapore_Abdul-Gaffoor-Moschee_Hof_2.jpg|Shophouses that were part of the 1881 endowment, located within the mosque grounds. Fayil:Ablution_area_of_Masjid_Abdul_Gafoor.jpg|The place for worshippers to take their wudhu (ritual ablution). Fayil:Basement_of_Masjid_Abdul_Gafoor_-_54469496437.jpg|Basement of the mosque. </gallery> * Jerin masallatai a Singapore == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat|Masjid Abdul Gaffoor}} * [https://www.google.com/maps/@1.3045762,103.8539963,3a,75y,237.88h,90.11t/data=!3m4!1e1!3m2!1siAY-6FUo4vDk-_N_vgtuvQ!2e0?g_ep=Eg1tbF8yMDI2MDIyNV8wIJvbDyoASAJQAQ%3D%3D Google Maps StreetView na Masjid Abdul Gaffoor tare da Dunlop Street] * [https://www.ura.gov.sg/services/download_file.aspx?f=%7B5F21EE59-D6D9-44FF-AA5C-8E36B623E056%7D Labarin Hukumar Sabuntawa ta Birane game da maido da Masjid Abdul Gaffoor]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} g14gbqpiq4kmoly3hiiyxnhkk9jg69l 0 159260 892717 863735 2026-08-08T02:35:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''NNS ''Ekpe'' (P178)''' tsayin {{Convert|58|m|ftin}} jiragen ruwa masu sauri na rundunar sojojin ruwan Najeriya kuma ita ce babbar jirgin ruwan da ke cikin [[Ekpe-class fast attack craft|rukuninta]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=7 June 2025 |title=Full List of Nigerian Navy Ships (2025) - Nigerian Queries |url=https://nigerianqueries.com/nigerian-navy-ships/ |access-date=14 August 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref> Tun lokacin da aka tura ta aiki a shekarun 1980, an mayar da ita gida a NNS Beecroft da ke Apapa, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=17 May 2023 |title=List of Nigerian Navy Ships – Nigerian Finder |url=https://nigerianfinder.com/list-of-nigerian-navy-ships/ |access-date=14 August 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref> An ba ta aikin gudanar da sintiri a bakin teku da kuma tabbatar da tsaro a gabar ruwan Najeriya musamman a [[Tekun Guinea]] . <ref name=":1" /> An sanya mata suna ne saboda kalmar [[Mutanen Efik|Efik]] / [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]] da ake amfani da ita don [[damisa]], dabbar da ta fito daga Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2023 |title=What is the Ekpe Society? |url=https://okwuid.com/2023/08/14/what-is-the-ekpe-society/ |access-date=14 August 2025 |website=Okwu ID |language=en-US}}</ref> An dauki jirgin a matsayin "mara aiki" a shekarar 2020. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=NIGERIA |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1997/nigeria/Nigeria-09.htm |access-date=14 August 2025 |website=www.hrw.org}}</ref> == Gine-gine == Ita ce ta farko daga cikin jiragen ruwa uku EkpeEkpe da Jamus ta gina, waɗanda aka ajiye a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, 1979, a Lürssen Shipyards da ke Vegesack, [[Yammacin Jamus]] . <ref name=":0"/> An harba ''Ekpe'' a ranar 17 ga Disamba, 1979, tare da hidimarta ga Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Najeriya a watan Agusta, 1980. Ita ce jirgin farko na kai hari mai sauri wanda aka sanya wa makamai masu linzami (FAC) ga rundunar sojojin ruwa kuma an tsara shi don ƙara wa rundunar jiragen ruwan Faransa na La Combattante III da ke akwai, waɗanda aka tsara don isar da su a farkon shekarun 1980. An sake gyara jirgin a tsakiyar shekarun 1990 kuma an ruwaito cewa an cire makamai masu linzaminta a wannan lokacin don sarrafa farashin kulawa. An sake yin gyare-gyare lokacin da aka kashe 'yar uwarta, ''Agu'', tsakanin 1992 da 1995. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian Navy History - Phase II: 1971 – 1988 |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/nigeria/navy-history-2.htm |access-date=14 August 2025 |website=www.globalsecurity.org}}</ref> == Zane == Jirgin ruwan yana da tsawon {{Convert|58.1|m|ftin}}, tare da tsayin {{Convert|7.61|m|ftin}} katako da kuma iska mai tsawon {{Convert|2.83|m|ftin}} yayin da take fitar da {{Convert|373|t|LT}} ( masu tsayi . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=EKPE fast attack craft (missile) (1980-1981) - Nigerian Navy (Nigeria) |url=https://myownonpmirror.com/ships/nigeria/nig_cf_ekpe.html |access-date=14 August 2025 |website=myownonpmirror.com}}</ref> Injinan dizal guda huɗu na MTU 16V956 TB92 suna samar da injinan turawa masu tuƙi guda huɗu waɗanda ke fitar da shafts huɗu kuma suna samar da {{Convert|20000|hp}} . Tana da matsakaicin gudu na {{Convert|38|kn}} tare da saurin tafiya na kimanin {{Convert|16|kn}} . <ref name=":3" /> Tana da {{Convert|2600|nmi}} na teku . Da aka kammala aikinta, ta ɗauki makamai masu linzami guda huɗu na Otomat Mk.1 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Webmaster |date=1 November 2023 |title=Nigerian Navy's need for missiles |url=https://abiodunborisade.com/nigerian-navys-need-for-missiles/ |access-date=14 August 2025 |website=Abiodun Borisade TV |language=en-US}}</ref> daga sama zuwa sama tare da ɗaya daga cikin makamai masu linzami {{Cvt|76|mm}} /62-calibre OTO-Melara Compact Bindiga da tagwaye {{Cvt|40|mm}} guda ɗaya /70-caliber Breda-Bofors bindiga mai linzami. <ref name=":2"/> An kuma sanye ta da tagwaye biyu {{Cvt|30|mm}} /75-caliber Emerlec EX-30. Na'urorin firikwensin nata sun haɗa da [[radar]] Decca 1226C da WM-28 da kuma matakan RDL. Ma'aikata 40 ne ke kula da ita. == Aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Najeriya == Tun lokacin da aka tura ta aiki, ta yi aiki a ƙarƙashin Hukumar Sojan Ruwa ta Yamma daga NNS Beecroft, babban sansanin aiki na rundunar sojin ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Western Naval – Nigerian Navy {{!}} Official Website / |url=https://navy.mil.ng/western-naval/ |access-date=14 August 2025 |website=navy.mil.ng |language=en-US |archive-date=23 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823014040/https://navy.mil.ng/western-naval/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Aikinta ya haɗa da tallafawa tsaron gabar teku, yin sintiri a yankunan ruwa don keta dokokin kamun kifi, da kuma kula da EEZ na ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ships – Nigerian Navy {{!}} Official Website / |url=https://navy.mil.ng/ships/ |access-date=14 August 2025 |language=en-US |archive-date=23 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250523180103/https://navy.mil.ng/ships/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shigarta aiki ya yi daidai da saurin karuwar sojojin Najeriya a ƙarshen ƙarni na 20. A lokacin da aka tura rundunar [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] / [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]] a shekarar 1997 zuwa ruwan Sierra Leone, wanda aka yi yunƙurin [[Yakin basasa na Sierra Leone|juyin mulki]], jirgin ruwan ya sami matsala sosai kuma ya gaza a ƙoƙarinta na tallafawa sojojin ƙasa da ƙasa. A lokacin wannan aika-aikar, ta tantance yiwuwar barazanar da za ta iya fuskanta yayin da jiragen ruwa masu alaƙa suka kai hare-hare kan wuraren ƙasa. <ref name=":2" /> Duk da cewa an sanya jirgin a cikin jerin jiragen ruwa masu "aiki" a shekarar 2010, an sanya mata suna "ba ya aiki" a shekarar 2020. == Manazarta == 5je086fk9uzelurliuwthwhf0k66c36 0 159666 892782 866813 2026-08-08T08:08:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug|drug_name=|INN=|type=<!-- empty -->|image=Olinciguat.svg|image_class=skin-invert-image|alt=|caption=<!-- Clinical data -->|pronounce=|tradename=|Drugs.com=|MedlinePlus=|pregnancy_AU=<!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->|pregnancy_AU_comment=|pregnancy_category=|routes_of_administration=|ATCvet=|ATC_prefix=<!-- 'none' if uncategorised -->|ATC_suffix=<!-- Legal status -->|legal_AU=<!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled -->|legal_AU_comment=|legal_BR=<!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C5, D1, D2, E, F1, F2, F3, F4 -->|legal_BR_comment=|legal_CA=<!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->|legal_CA_comment=|legal_DE=<!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled -->|legal_DE_comment=|legal_NZ=<!-- Class A, B, C -->|legal_NZ_comment=|legal_UK=<!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM / Class A, B, C -->|legal_UK_comment=|legal_US=<!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V -->|legal_US_comment=|legal_EU=|legal_EU_comment=|legal_UN=<!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV -->|legal_UN_comment=|legal_status=Investigational<!-- For countries not listed above --> <!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->|bioavailability=|protein_bound=|metabolism=|metabolites=|onset=|elimination_half-life=|duration_of_action=|excretion=<!-- Identifiers -->|CAS_number=1628732-62-6|PubChem=90445883|ChemSpiderID=64835205|DrugBank=DB15238|IUPHAR_ligand=10213|synonyms=IW-1701|ChEMBL=4297616|KEGG=D11475|UNII=PD5F4ZXD21|StdInChI=1S/C21H16F5N7O3/c22-12-4-2-1-3-11(12)9-33-16(14-5-6-36-32-14)7-15(31-33)18-28-8-13(23)17(30-18)29-10-20(35,19(27)34)21(24,25)26/h1-8,35H,9-10H2,(H2,27,34)(H,28,29,30)/t20-/m1/s1|StdInChIKey=YWQFJNWMWZMXRW-HXUWFJFHSA-N|SMILES=C1=CC=C(C(=C1)CN2C(=CC(=N2)C3=NC=C(C(=N3)NC[C@@](C(=O)N)(C(F)(F)F)O)F)C4=NOC=C4)F <!-- Chemical and physical data -->|IUPAC_name=(2''R'')-3,3,3-Trifluoro-2-<nowiki>[[[</nowiki>5-fluoro-2-[1-[(2-fluorophenyl)methyl]-5-(1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrazol-3-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]methyl]-2-hydroxypropanamide|C=21|H=16|F=5|N=7|O=3}}<templatestyles src="Infobox drug/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;" |+ class="infobox-title" id="7" |<span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): <nowiki&gt;Olinciguat</nowiki&gt;">Olinciguat</span> | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Olinciguat.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayanan asibiti |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Sauran sunaye | class="infobox-data" |IW-1701 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Matsayi na Shari'a |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[Regulation of therapeutic goods|Matsayi na Shari'a]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Bincike </div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayyanawa |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Sunan IUPAC</div></div> * <div style="font-size: 97%;"> (2''R'') -3,3-Trifluoro-2-[5-fluoro-2-[1-[ (2-fluorophenyl) methyl]-5- (1,2-oxazol-3-yl) pyrazol-3-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]methyl]-2-hydroxypropanamide</div> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Lambar CAS | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="commonchemistry.cas.org">[https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1628732-62-6 1628732-62-6]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[./PubChem#&#x3C;span&#x20;style= <abbr title="<nowiki&gt;Compound ID</nowiki&gt;">CID</abbr>" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="PubChem">PubChem] CID | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/90445883 90445883]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |IUPHAR / BPS | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.guidetopharmacology.org">[https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10213 10213]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Bankin Magunguna | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.drugbank.ca">[https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB15238 DB15238]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |ChemSpider | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.chemspider.com">[https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.64835205.html 64835205]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |UNII | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="precision.fda.gov">[https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/PD5F4ZXD21 PD5F4ZXD21]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |KEGG | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.kegg.jp">[https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D11475 D11475]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |ChEMBL | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.ebi.ac.uk">[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL4297616 ChEMBL4297616]</span> </div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayanan sunadarai da na jiki |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Tsarin | class="infobox-data" |<span title="Carbon">C</span>₂₁<span title="Hydrogen">H</span>₁₆<span title="Fluorine">F</span>₅<span title="Nitrogen">N</span>₇<span title="Oxygen">O</span>₃ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Ma'auni na ƙuƙwalwa | class="infobox-data" |<span class="nowrap">509.397</span> g·mol-1&nbsp;⁻¹ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Tsarin 3D (JSmol) | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)">[https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=C1%3DCC%3DC%28C%28%3DC1%29CN2C%28%3DCC%28%3DN2%29C3%3DNC%3DC%28C%28%3DN3%29NC%5BC%40%40%5D%28C%28%3DO%29N%29%28C%28F%29%28F%29F%29O%29F%29C4%3DNOC%3DC4%29F Hoton hulɗa]</span> </div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Rashin kunya</div></div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">C1=CC=C (C (=C1) CN2C (=CC (=N2) C3=NC=C (C (=N3) NC[C@] (C (=O) N) (C (F) (F) F) F) C4=NOC=C4) F</div> </div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>InChI</div></div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C21H16F5N7O3/c22-12-4-2-1-3-11 (12) 9-33-16 (14-5-36-32-14) 7-15 (31-33) 18-28-8-13 (23) 17 (30-18) 29-10-20 (35,19 (27) 34) 21 (24,25) 26/h1-8,35H,9-10H2,27,34) (H,28,29,30) /t20-/m1/s1</div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Maɓalli: YWQFJNWMWZMXRW-HXUWFJFHSA-N</div> </div> |} '''Olinciguat''' ('''IW-1701''') mai narkewa ne mai saurin guanilate cyclase wanda ke ci gaba don [[Ƙwayoyin Cutar Sikila|ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta]]. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Buys |first=E. S. |last2=Zimmer |first2=D. P. |last3=Chickering |first3=J. |last4=Graul |first4=R. |last5=Chien |first5=Y. T. |last6=Profy |first6=A. |last7=Hadcock |first7=J. R. |last8=Masferrer |first8=J. L. |last9=Milne |first9=G. T. |date=1 August 2018 |title=Discovery and development of next generation sGC stimulators with diverse multidimensional pharmacology and broad therapeutic potential |journal=Nitric Oxide |volume=78 |pages=72–80 |doi=10.1016/j.niox.2018.05.009 |issn=1089-8603 |pmid=29859918 |s2cid=44149174 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tchernychev |first=Boris |last2=Li |first2=Huihui |last3=Lee |first3=Sung-Kyun |last4=Gao |first4=Xin |last5=Ramanarasimhaiah |first5=Raghunath |last6=Liu |first6=Guang |last7=Hall |first7=Katherine C. |last8=Bernier |first8=Sylvie G. |last9=Jones |first9=Juli E. |last10=Feil |first10=Susanne |last11=Feil |first11=Robert |last12=Buys |first12=Emmanuel S. |last13=Graul |first13=Regina M. |last14=Frenette |first14=Paul S. |last15=Masferrer |first15=Jaime L. |date=September 2021 |title=Olinciguat, a stimulator of soluble guanylyl cyclase, attenuates inflammation, vaso-occlusion and nephropathy in mouse models of sickle cell disease |journal=British Journal of Pharmacology |volume=178 |issue=17 |pages=3463–3475 |doi=10.1111/bph.15492 |issn=1476-5381 |pmc=8453770 |pmid=33864386}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zimmer |first=Daniel P. |last2=Shea |first2=Courtney M. |last3=Tobin |first3=Jenny V. |last4=Tchernychev |first4=Boris |last5=Germano |first5=Peter |last6=Sykes |first6=Kristie |last7=Banijamali |first7=Ali R. |last8=Jacobson |first8=Sarah |last9=Bernier |first9=Sylvie G. |last10=Sarno |first10=Renee |last11=Carvalho |first11=Andrew |last12=Chien |first12=Yueh-tyng |last13=Graul |first13=Regina |last14=Buys |first14=Emmanuel S. |last15=Jones |first15=Juli E. |date=8 April 2020 |title=Olinciguat, an Oral sGC Stimulator, Exhibits Diverse Pharmacology Across Preclinical Models of Cardiovascular, Metabolic, Renal, and Inflammatory Disease |journal=Frontiers in Pharmacology |volume=11 |doi=10.3389/fphar.2020.00419 |issn=1663-9812 |pmc=7156612 |pmid=32322204 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Bayan karɓar matsayin maganin marayu a cikin 2018 da kuma kammala gwajin mataki na II, an dakatar da ci gabanta don ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ironwood Pharmaceuticals Announces FDA Orphan Drug Designation for Olinciguat for the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease |url=https://investor.ironwoodpharma.com/press-releases/press-release-details/2018/Ironwood-Pharmaceuticals-Announces-FDA-Orphan-Drug-Designation-for-Olinciguat-for-the-Treatment-of-Sickle-Cell-Disease/default.aspx |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=investor.ironwoodpharma.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PhD |first=Joana Carvalho |date=20 October 2020 |title=Cyclerion Suspends Development of Olinciguat for Sickle Cell Disease |url=https://sicklecellanemianews.com/news/cyclerion-suspends-development-of-olinciguat-for-sickle-cell-disease/ |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=sicklecellanemianews.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Nitric oxide signaling modulators}} rr1endut8ce5fpuscjbuy72mom1ff21 0 159789 892728 868130 2026-08-08T04:17:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete}} {{Infobox medical condition | name = | synonym = <!-- or |synonym= --> | image = Tuberculous lymph node with caseating granuloma 40X.jpg | caption = Micrograph showing caseous necrosis of a tuberculous lymph node. H&E stain. Histological specimens are normally obtained from supraclavicular lymph nodes to demonstrate caseous necrosis. | image_size = | specialty = [[Pathology]] | alt = | image_thumbtime = | pronounce = | symptoms = | onset = | duration = | causes = [[Tuberculosis]] | risks = <!-- or |risk= --> | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = <!-- or |management= --> | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = <!-- also |incidence= or |prevalence= --> | deaths = }} <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}is Caseous '''Necrosis na Caseous''' degeneration <ref>{{Cite web |title=caseous degeneration |url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/caseous+degeneration |access-date=2019-09-05 |website=TheFreeDictionary.com}}</ref> (/ˈkeɪsiəs/) <ref name="oxford">{{Cite web |title=Caseous &#124; Meaning of Caseous by Lexico |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/caseous |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903080650/https://www.lexico.com/definition/caseous |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |website=Lexico Dictionaries &#124; English}}</ref> wani nau'i ne na musamman na mutuwar tantanin halitta wanda nama ke riƙe da bayyanar cuku, yana bayyana a matsayin mai laushi da fararen furotin mai laushi. An rufe nama mai mutuwa a cikin granuloma, kuma ya bambanta da coagulative necrosis a cikin wannan tsarin nama. Caseous necrosis yana da alaƙa da tarin fuka. Kalmar caseous tana nufin 'wanda ya ''shari'a'' [[cuku]]', <ref>{{Cite web |title=caseous - WordReference.com Dictionary of English |url=https://www.wordreference.com/definition/caseous |website=www.wordreference.com |access-date=2026-06-25 |archive-date=2016-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113122133/http://www.wordreference.com/definition/caseous |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma ya fito ne daga kalmar Latin {{Lang|la|caseus}} 'cuku'. <ref name="oxford"/> == Tarihin tarihi == [[Fayil:Renal_tuberculosis_(6539942987).jpg|thumb|Necrosis a cikin koda]] A cikin necrosis casse ba a adana gine-ginen histological ba (ba kamar coagulative necrosis ba).<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="60" href="./H&E" mw-redirect="" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="H&E">H&E<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;./Template:Cite_book<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;params<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;vauthors<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Cross SS<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;title<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Underwood's Pathology<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;pages<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;84<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;year<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;2013<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;isbn<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;978-0-7020-4672-8<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;edition<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;6th<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;publisher<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Churchill Livingstone<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwog\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt19\" class=\"citation book cs1\" id=\"CITEREFCross2013\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Cross SS (2013). <i id=\"mwow\">Underwood's Pathology</i></nowiki> (6th<nowiki><span id=\"mwpA\" typeof=\"mw:Entity\">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>ed.). Churchill Livingstone. p.<nowiki><span id=\"mwpQ\" typeof=\"mw:Entity\">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>84. <nowiki><a class=\"mw-redirect cx-link\" data-linkid=\"81\" href=\"./ISBN_(identifier)\" id=\"mwpg\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\">ISBN</a></nowiki><nowiki><span id=\"mwpw\" typeof=\"mw:Entity\">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><a class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"82\" href=\"./Special:BookSources/978-0-7020-4672-8\" id=\"mwqA\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Special:BookSources/978-0-7020-4672-8\"><bdi id=\"mwqQ\">978-0-7020-4672-8</bdi></nowiki><nowiki></a></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-Cross_2013_5-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Caseous_necrosis#cite_note-Cross_2013-5 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> A kan binciken microscopic tare da H & E staining, yankin yana da ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke da ƙwayoyi masu ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta, kuma suna dauke da ragowar haematoxyphilic na abubuwan da ke cikin ƙwayoyin sel.<ref name="Strayer_2015" /> Wannan cibiyar necrotic mai laushi tana kewaye da granuloma.<ref name="Strayer_2015" /> == Dalilan da suka haifar == Caseous necrosis yana da alaƙa da tarin fuka. Irin wannan bayyanar na iya haɗawa da histoplasmosis, Cryptococcosis, da coccidioidomycosis . <ref name="urlPulmonary Pathology">{{Cite web |title=Pulmonary Pathology |url=http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/LUNGHTML/LUNG031.html |access-date=2008-11-21}}</ref> == Ilimin jiki == Tsarin yana farawa ne yayin da jiki ya gane kamuwa da cuta kuma macrophages suna fara murkushe microorganisms ko pathogens.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Cellular changes and adaptive responses – Knowledge for medical students and physicians |url=https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/Cellular_changes_and_adaptive_responses |access-date=2019-09-05 |website=www.amboss.com}}</ref> Yayin da macrophages ke fitar da sunadarai da ke narke sel sel sel sun fara mutuwa. Yayin da ƙwayoyin suka mutu suna rushewa amma ba a narke su gaba ɗaya ba kuma tarkacewar ƙwayoyin da suka rushe suna haɗuwa tare suna haifar da nau'i mai laushi wanda ke da bayyanar cuku.<ref name="auto" /> Yayin da mutuwar tantanin halitta ta fara, siffofin granuloma da mutuwar tantan halitta suna ci gaba, amsawar kumburi ta hanyar nau'in IV hypersensitivity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tuberculosis |url=https://webpath.med.utah.edu/TUTORIAL/MTB/MTB.html |access-date=2019-09-05 |website=webpath.med.utah.edu}}</ref> Wasu bayanai sun nuna cewa macrophages masu karɓar bakuncin da ke da alaƙa da granulomas na iya hana ingantaccen rigakafin rigakafin mycobacteria, saboda yanayin epithelioid da aikin shingen da ke tattare da shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Bhattacharya M |date=2016-11-09 |title=Macrophages build a wall and the host pays for it |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.aal0066 |journal=Science Translational Medicine |language=en |volume=8 |issue=364 |pages=364ec178 |doi=10.1126/scitranslmed.aal0066 |issn=1946-6234 |s2cid=51606274 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Pathology}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100204015722/http://www.pathguy.com/~lulo/lulo0029.htm Hotunan microscope na necrosis] * [https://webpath.med.utah.edu/INFLHTML/INFL052.html Hoton wani hilar lymph node nuna caseous necrosis] * [https://webpath.med.utah.edu/ENDOHTML/ENDO008.html Hoton wani nau'in tarin fuka a cikin adrenal gland] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1l7zoiw5ek7nxx6449m3seuwgu710e3 0 159840 892605 888348 2026-08-07T13:46:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892605 wikitext text/x-wiki Dokta '''Manfred E. Bayer''' (22 Satumba 1928 - 27 Fabrairu 2015) likita ne kuma masanin microscopist, wanda aka fi sani da bincikensa a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta da kayan aikin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta ta amfani da microscopy na lantarki. Shi ne mutum na farko da ya ga kwayar cutar [[Cutar amai da gudawa|zazzabin rawaya]] a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta da kuma samun sassan sassan ''E. coli'' ta hanyar penicillin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bayer |first=Manfred |year=1982 |title=Genetic Regulation of the Glyoxylate Shunt in E-coli K 12 |url=http://jb.asm.org/content/150/3/1495.2.full.pdf |journal=Journal of Bacteriology |volume=150 |issue=3 |access-date=19 August 2012}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Bayer a Görlitz, Prussia . Ya shiga Jami'ar Kiel, Jamus don karatun sakandare a ilmin halitta kuma ya sami digiri a shekarar 1949. Ya yi karatun likitanci a Jami'ar Hamburg, Jamus . Ya kammala karatunsa na asibiti a 1953. Ya shiga fannin kimiyyar lissafi a wannan jami'a kuma ya sami digiri a shekarar 1959. Binciken da ya yi a kan cututtukan ya ba shi damar zama Mataimakin Bincike a Jami'ar Hamburg . Ya kuma yi difloma a fannin kiwon lafiya na wurare masu zafi da kuma parasitology a Jami'ar Hamburg . == Ayyuka da bincike == Bayer ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin memba na Cibiyar Cututtukan Tropical da Parasitology. Daga baya, ya shiga Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon daji (yanzu Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta Fox Chase a Philadelphia) a matsayin abokin bincike. Ya kuma kasance Farfesa na Microbiology a Jami'ar Pennsylvania Medical School daga 1971 zuwa 2000. Ya kasance farfesa mai ziyara mai daraja a Jami'ar Dalhousie, Halifax . Ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 2015, a gidansa da ke Crozet, Virginia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manfred Bayer Obituary |url=http://obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?n=Manfred-Bayer&lc=9731&pid=174278039&uuid=61df12df-9458-471d-9f1f-2951c2c06a50 |access-date=5 March 2015 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143429/http://obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?n=Manfred-Bayer&lc=9731&pid=174278039&uuid=61df12df-9458-471d-9f1f-2951c2c06a50 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An san Beyer da bincikensa game da amfani da resins masu narkewa da ruwa a cikin microscopy na lantarki. Amfani da resins zai karfafa samfurori don a iya samun sassan sassan don micrography na lantarki. An kuma yaba masa da gano tsarin sassan Kwayar cutar hepatitis.<ref name="hepB">{{Cite web |title=The Hepatitis B story |url=http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/content/view.page.asp?I=273 |access-date=19 August 2012 |publisher=National Academy of Sciences}}</ref> Wannan binciken yana da mahimmanci ga kirkirar allurar rigakafin Hepatitis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hepatitis B vaccine production using yeast |url=http://www.exclusivepapers.com/m/essays/Medicine/Hepatitis-B-Vaccine-Production-Using-Yeast.php |access-date=19 August 2012 |publisher=Exclusive Papers}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == Dokta Bayer ya lashe lambar yabo ta Japan Society for the Promotion in Science . Ya kasance memba na edita a cikin Journal of Bacteriology . Lyme Disease Association Inc. ta ba shi tallafin bincike don bincikensa kan ''Tasirin Low Frequency Magnetic Fields akan Borrelia burgdorferi .'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2012 |title=LDA awards: 80 research grants since 1992 |url=http://www.lymediseaseassociation.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=957&Itemid=585 |access-date=19 August 2012 |publisher=Lyme Disease Inc |archive-date=14 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014004311/http://lymediseaseassociation.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=957&Itemid=585 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1928]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 330vlc94am83wawuoaz7ycgc5gu29b6 0 159865 892771 889665 2026-08-08T06:53:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:NupekoTV}} {{Infobox person | name = NupekoTV | image = NupekoTv.jpg | caption = NupekoTV | other_names = NupekoTV, Nupeko TV | company_types = Kamfani mai zaman kansa | occupation = Kafar yaɗa labarai ta dijital | years_active = 2021–zuwa yanzu | people = Mohammed Alhaji Tauheed | citizenship = Lafiagi, Jihar Kwara, Najeriya | known_for = Labaran cikin gida, labaran ƙasashen duniya, sharhin al'amuran jama'a da bunƙasa al'adun Nupe | website = {{URL|https://www.nupekotv.com}} }} '''NupekoTV''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''NupekoTV''' ko '''Nupeko TV''') kafar yaɗa labarai ce mai zaman kanta ta Najeriya wadda ke da hedikwata a Lafiagi, Karamar Hukumar Edu, Jihar Kwara. An kafa ta a shekarar 2021 ta hannun '''Mohammed Alhaji Tauheed'''. Kafar tana wallafa labaran cikin gida da na ƙasashen duniya tare da sharhin al'amuran jama'a da kuma bunƙasa al'adun Nupe da na Afirka.<ref>{{cite web |title=NupekoTV.com: About Us - NupekoTV|url=https://www.nupekotv.com/p/about-us.html|website=NupekoTV}}</ref> Kafar tana gudanar da ayyukanta ne ta hanyar wallafa labarai a yanar gizo da sauran kafafen sadarwa na zamani. == Tarihi == An kafa NupekoTV a shekarar 2021 ta hannun '''Mohammed Alhaji Tauheed''' domin samar da kafar yaɗa labarai mai zaman kanta da za ta mayar da hankali kan rahotannin labarai, harkokin jama'a da kuma bunƙasa al'adu. A shekarar 2026, NupekoTV ta sake ƙaddamar da shafinta na yanar gizo domin faɗaɗa ayyukan yaɗa labarai ta hanyar dijital da kuma ƙarfafa aikin jaridar al'umma.<ref>{{cite web |title=NupekoTV Relaunches Website to Strengthen Independent Community Journalism |url=https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-relaunches-website-to-strengthen-independent-community-journalism |website=Factual Times |access-date=2026-06-26 |archive-date=2026-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260626161943/https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-relaunches-website-to-strengthen-independent-community-journalism/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == NupekoTV tana wallafa labaran cikin gida, na ƙasa da na ƙasashen duniya tare da maƙaloli, ra'ayoyi da bayanai masu amfani ga jama'a. Haka kuma tana ba da muhimmanci ga rahotannin da suka shafi yankin Kwara ta Arewa.<ref>{{cite web |title=NupekoTV Relaunches Website to Strengthen Independent Community Journalism |url=https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-relaunches-website-to-strengthen-independent-community-journalism |website=Factual Times |access-date=2026-06-26 |archive-date=2026-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260626161943/https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-relaunches-website-to-strengthen-independent-community-journalism/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kasancewa a kafafen sada zumunta == NupekoTV tana da shafuka masu aiki a kafafen sada zumunta kamar Facebook da YouTube, inda take yaɗa labarai da sauran shirye shirye ga masu bibiyarta. Har ila yau, kafar tana gudanar da rahotannin da suka shafi ci gaban al'umma tare da ba da muhimmanci ga batutuwan tsaro da shugabanci a yankin Kwara ta Arewa. == Jagoranci == Jagorancin NupekoTV ya haɗa da: * '''Mohammed Alhaji Tauheed''' — Wanda ya kafa kafar kuma Babban Darakta (CEO) * '''[[Usman Haruna]]''' — Mataimakin Babban Darakta (Sub CEO) * '''Mohammed Idris Shaaba''' — Mairubutu * '''Abdullahi Adam Santali''' — Mataimakin Mairubutu == Lambar yabo == A shekarar 2025, kungiyar Initial Language Legacy and Culture (ILLEC) ta karrama NupekoTV saboda gudummawar da take bayarwa wajen bunƙasa harshen Nupe da al'adunsa a Jihar Kwara.<ref>{{cite web |title=NupekoTV Gets Award for Promoting Nupe Language |url=https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-gets-award-for-promoting-nupe-language |website=Factual Times }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Shari'o'i da muhawara == NupekoTV ta shiga wasu shari'o'i da suka shafi 'yancin aikin jarida, waɗanda kafafen yaɗa labarai daban daban suka ruwaito. A wani lamari, wani kwamishina na Jihar Kwara ya shigar da ƙarar bata suna ta Naira miliyan 10 a kan kafar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kwara commissioner slams N10m lawsuit against media outlet over allegations of negligence |url=https://theinformant247.com/kwara-commissioner-slams-n10m-lawsuit-against-media-outlet-over-allegations-of-negligence |website=The Informant247}}</ref> Kungiyoyin kare aikin jarida da na farar hula, ciki har da ASKOMP, sun soki abin da suka bayyana a matsayin matsin lamba ga kafafen yaɗa labarai a Jihar Kwara.<ref>{{cite web |title=ASKOMP condemns govt official’s clampdown on media in Kwara |url=https://theinformant247.com/askomp-condemns-govt-officials-clampdown-on-media-in-kwara |website=The Informant247}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, wasu rahotanni sun ce an tsare wani ɗan jaridar NupekoTV bisa zargin bata suna, lamarin da jam'iyyun siyasa da ƙungiyoyin farar hula suka yi Allah wadai da shi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kwara PDP condemns Abdulrazaq’s govt over NupekoTV journalist’s remand, accuses it of silencing critics |url=https://saharareporters.com/2025/10/16/kwara-pdp-condemns-abdulrazaqsa-govt-over-nupekotv-journalists-remand-accuses-it |website=SaharaReporters }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=TIB Movement condemns Kwara govt over NupekoTV journalist’s remand in prison, calls charges ‘malicious’ |url=https://saharareporters.com/2025/10/15/tib-movement-condemns-kwara-govt-over-nupekotv-journalists-remand-prison-calls-charges |website=SaharaReporters}}</ref> Daga baya, wata kotu ta bayar da belin mawallafin NupekoTV a cikin shari'ar bata sunan da aka shigar a kansa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Court grants bail to NupekoTV publisher in defamation suit filed by Kwara commissioner Usman Lade |url=https://saharareporters.com/2025/10/21/court-grants-bail-nupekoTV-publisher-defamation-suit-filed-kwara-commissioner-usman-lade |website=SaharaReporters}}</ref> == Manufa == A cewar bayanan da kafar ta wallafa, manufar NupekoTV ita ce yaɗa labaran cikin gida da na ƙasashen duniya tare da bunƙasa al'adun Afirka da na al'ummar Nupe. == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://www.nupekotv.com Shafin yanar gizon NupekoTV] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} __FORCETOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ [[Rukuni:Jarida]] [[Rukuni:Jarida mai wallafa labaran ta a yanar gizo]] [[Rukuni:Jarida a Najeriya]] __INDEX__ aycrdu29r5a6m9pr11v4c70n4yvppw3 892854 892771 2026-08-08T10:14:52Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:NupekoTV}} {{Infobox person | name = NupekoTV | image = NupekoTv.jpg | caption = NupekoTV | other_names = NupekoTV, Nupeko TV | company_types = Kamfani mai zaman kansa | occupation = Kafar yaɗa labarai ta dijital | years_active = 2021–zuwa yanzu | people = Mohammed Alhaji Tauheed | citizenship = Lafiagi, Jihar Kwara, Najeriya | known_for = Labaran cikin gida, labaran ƙasashen duniya, sharhin al'amuran jama'a da bunƙasa al'adun Nupe | website = {{URL|https://www.nupekotv.com}} }} '''NupekoTV''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''NupekoTV''' ko '''Nupeko TV''') kafar yaɗa labarai ce mai zaman kanta ta Najeriya wadda ke da hedikwata a Lafiagi, Ƙaramar Hukumar Edu, Jihar Kwara. An kafa ta a shekarar 2021 ta hannun '''Mohammed Alhaji Tauheed'''. Kafar tana wallafa labaran cikin gida da na ƙasashen duniya tare da sharhin al'amuran jama'a da kuma bunƙasa al'adun Nupe da na Afirka.<ref>{{cite web |title=NupekoTV.com: About Us - NupekoTV|url=https://www.nupekotv.com/p/about-us.html|website=NupekoTV}}</ref> Kafar tana gudanar da ayyukanta ne ta hanyar wallafa labarai a yanar gizo da sauran kafafen sadarwa na zamani. == Tarihi == An kafa NupekoTV a shekarar 2021 ta hannun '''Mohammed Alhaji Tauheed''' domin samar da kafar yaɗa labarai mai zaman kanta da za ta mayar da hankali kan rahotannin labarai, harkokin jama'a da kuma bunƙasa al'adu. A shekarar 2026, NupekoTV ta sake ƙaddamar da shafinta na yanar gizo domin faɗaɗa ayyukan yaɗa labarai ta hanyar dijital da kuma ƙarfafa aikin jaridar al'umma.<ref>{{cite web |title=NupekoTV Relaunches Website to Strengthen Independent Community Journalism |url=https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-relaunches-website-to-strengthen-independent-community-journalism |website=Factual Times |access-date=2026-06-26 |archive-date=2026-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260626161943/https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-relaunches-website-to-strengthen-independent-community-journalism/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == NupekoTV tana wallafa labaran cikin gida, na ƙasa da na ƙasashen duniya tare da maƙaloli, ra'ayoyi da bayanai masu amfani ga jama'a. Haka kuma tana ba da muhimmanci ga rahotannin da suka shafi yankin Kwara ta Arewa.<ref>{{cite web |title=NupekoTV Relaunches Website to Strengthen Independent Community Journalism |url=https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-relaunches-website-to-strengthen-independent-community-journalism |website=Factual Times |access-date=2026-06-26 |archive-date=2026-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260626161943/https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-relaunches-website-to-strengthen-independent-community-journalism/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kasancewa a kafafen sada zumunta == NupekoTV tana da shafuka masu aiki a kafafen sada zumunta kamar Facebook da YouTube, inda take yaɗa labarai da sauran shirye shirye ga masu bibiyarta. Har ila yau, kafar tana gudanar da rahotannin da suka shafi ci gaban al'umma tare da ba da muhimmanci ga batutuwan tsaro da shugabanci a yankin Kwara ta Arewa. == Jagoranci == Jagorancin NupekoTV ya haɗa da: * '''Mohammed Alhaji Tauheed''' — Wanda ya kafa kafar kuma Babban Darakta (CEO) * '''[[Usman Haruna]]''' — Mataimakin Babban Darakta (Sub CEO) * '''Mohammed Idris Shaaba''' — Mairubutu * '''Abdullahi Adam Santali''' — Mataimakin Mairubutu == Lambar yabo == A shekarar 2025, kungiyar Initial Language Legacy and Culture (ILLEC) ta karrama NupekoTV saboda gudummawar da take bayarwa wajen bunƙasa harshen Nupe da al'adunsa a Jihar Kwara.<ref>{{cite web |title=NupekoTV Gets Award for Promoting Nupe Language |url=https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-gets-award-for-promoting-nupe-language |website=Factual Times }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Shari'o'i da muhawara == NupekoTV ta shiga wasu shari'o'i da suka shafi 'yancin aikin jarida, waɗanda kafafen yaɗa labarai daban daban suka ruwaito. A wani lamari, wani kwamishina na Jihar Kwara ya shigar da ƙarar bata suna ta Naira miliyan 10 a kan kafar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kwara commissioner slams N10m lawsuit against media outlet over allegations of negligence |url=https://theinformant247.com/kwara-commissioner-slams-n10m-lawsuit-against-media-outlet-over-allegations-of-negligence |website=The Informant247}}</ref> Kungiyoyin kare aikin jarida da na farar hula, ciki har da ASKOMP, sun soki abin da suka bayyana a matsayin matsin lamba ga kafafen yaɗa labarai a Jihar Kwara.<ref>{{cite web |title=ASKOMP condemns govt official’s clampdown on media in Kwara |url=https://theinformant247.com/askomp-condemns-govt-officials-clampdown-on-media-in-kwara |website=The Informant247}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, wasu rahotanni sun ce an tsare wani ɗan jaridar NupekoTV bisa zargin bata suna, lamarin da jam'iyyun siyasa da ƙungiyoyin farar hula suka yi Allah wadai da shi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kwara PDP condemns Abdulrazaq’s govt over NupekoTV journalist’s remand, accuses it of silencing critics |url=https://saharareporters.com/2025/10/16/kwara-pdp-condemns-abdulrazaqsa-govt-over-nupekotv-journalists-remand-accuses-it |website=SaharaReporters }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=TIB Movement condemns Kwara govt over NupekoTV journalist’s remand in prison, calls charges ‘malicious’ |url=https://saharareporters.com/2025/10/15/tib-movement-condemns-kwara-govt-over-nupekotv-journalists-remand-prison-calls-charges |website=SaharaReporters}}</ref> Daga baya, wata kotu ta bayar da belin mawallafin NupekoTV a cikin shari'ar bata sunan da aka shigar a kansa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Court grants bail to NupekoTV publisher in defamation suit filed by Kwara commissioner Usman Lade |url=https://saharareporters.com/2025/10/21/court-grants-bail-nupekoTV-publisher-defamation-suit-filed-kwara-commissioner-usman-lade |website=SaharaReporters}}</ref> == Manufa == A cewar bayanan da kafar ta wallafa, manufar NupekoTV ita ce yaɗa labaran cikin gida da na ƙasashen duniya tare da bunƙasa al'adun Afirka da na al'ummar Nupe. == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://www.nupekotv.com Shafin yanar gizon NupekoTV] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} __FORCETOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ [[Rukuni:Jarida]] [[Rukuni:Jarida mai wallafa labaran ta a yanar gizo]] [[Rukuni:Jarida a Najeriya]] __INDEX__ eg8unca6561bxmmsswc9ef70iwvsrqu 892855 892854 2026-08-08T10:15:11Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:NupekoTV}} {{Infobox person | name = NupekoTV | image = NupekoTv.jpg | caption = NupekoTV | other_names = NupekoTV, Nupeko TV | company_types = Kamfani mai zaman kansa | occupation = Kafar yaɗa labarai ta dijital | years_active = 2021–zuwa yanzu | people = Mohammed Alhaji Tauheed | citizenship = Lafiagi, Jihar Kwara, Najeriya | known_for = Labaran cikin gida, labaran ƙasashen duniya, sharhin al'amuran jama'a da bunƙasa al'adun Nupe | website = {{URL|https://www.nupekotv.com}} }} '''NupekoTV''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''NupekoTV''' ko '''Nupeko TV''') kafar yaɗa labarai ce mai zaman kanta ta Najeriya wadda ke da hedikwata a Lafiagi, Ƙaramar Hukumar Edu, Jihar Kwara. An kafa ta a shekarar 2021 ta hannun '''Mohammed Alhaji Tauheed'''. Kafar tana wallafa labaran cikin gida da na ƙasashen duniya tare da sharhin al'amuran jama'a da kuma bunƙasa al'adun Nupe da na Afirka.<ref>{{cite web |title=NupekoTV.com: About Us - NupekoTV|url=https://www.nupekotv.com/p/about-us.html|website=NupekoTV}}</ref> Kafar tana gudanar da ayyukanta ne ta hanyar wallafa labarai a yanar gizo da sauran kafafen sadarwa na zamani. == Tarihi == An kuma kafa NupekoTV a shekarar 2021 ta hannun '''Mohammed Alhaji Tauheed''' domin samar da kafar yaɗa labarai mai zaman kanta da za ta mayar da hankali kan rahotannin labarai, harkokin jama'a da kuma bunƙasa al'adu. A shekarar 2026, NupekoTV ta sake ƙaddamar da shafinta na yanar gizo domin faɗaɗa ayyukan yaɗa labarai ta hanyar dijital da kuma ƙarfafa aikin jaridar al'umma.<ref>{{cite web |title=NupekoTV Relaunches Website to Strengthen Independent Community Journalism |url=https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-relaunches-website-to-strengthen-independent-community-journalism |website=Factual Times |access-date=2026-06-26 |archive-date=2026-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260626161943/https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-relaunches-website-to-strengthen-independent-community-journalism/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == NupekoTV tana wallafa labaran cikin gida, na ƙasa da na ƙasashen duniya tare da maƙaloli, ra'ayoyi da bayanai masu amfani ga jama'a. Haka kuma tana ba da muhimmanci ga rahotannin da suka shafi yankin Kwara ta Arewa.<ref>{{cite web |title=NupekoTV Relaunches Website to Strengthen Independent Community Journalism |url=https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-relaunches-website-to-strengthen-independent-community-journalism |website=Factual Times |access-date=2026-06-26 |archive-date=2026-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260626161943/https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-relaunches-website-to-strengthen-independent-community-journalism/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kasancewa a kafafen sada zumunta == NupekoTV tana da shafuka masu aiki a kafafen sada zumunta kamar Facebook da YouTube, inda take yaɗa labarai da sauran shirye shirye ga masu bibiyarta. Har ila yau, kafar tana gudanar da rahotannin da suka shafi ci gaban al'umma tare da ba da muhimmanci ga batutuwan tsaro da shugabanci a yankin Kwara ta Arewa. == Jagoranci == Jagorancin NupekoTV ya haɗa da: * '''Mohammed Alhaji Tauheed''' — Wanda ya kafa kafar kuma Babban Darakta (CEO) * '''[[Usman Haruna]]''' — Mataimakin Babban Darakta (Sub CEO) * '''Mohammed Idris Shaaba''' — Mairubutu * '''Abdullahi Adam Santali''' — Mataimakin Mairubutu == Lambar yabo == A shekarar 2025, kungiyar Initial Language Legacy and Culture (ILLEC) ta karrama NupekoTV saboda gudummawar da take bayarwa wajen bunƙasa harshen Nupe da al'adunsa a Jihar Kwara.<ref>{{cite web |title=NupekoTV Gets Award for Promoting Nupe Language |url=https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-gets-award-for-promoting-nupe-language |website=Factual Times }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Shari'o'i da muhawara == NupekoTV ta shiga wasu shari'o'i da suka shafi 'yancin aikin jarida, waɗanda kafafen yaɗa labarai daban daban suka ruwaito. A wani lamari, wani kwamishina na Jihar Kwara ya shigar da ƙarar bata suna ta Naira miliyan 10 a kan kafar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kwara commissioner slams N10m lawsuit against media outlet over allegations of negligence |url=https://theinformant247.com/kwara-commissioner-slams-n10m-lawsuit-against-media-outlet-over-allegations-of-negligence |website=The Informant247}}</ref> Kungiyoyin kare aikin jarida da na farar hula, ciki har da ASKOMP, sun soki abin da suka bayyana a matsayin matsin lamba ga kafafen yaɗa labarai a Jihar Kwara.<ref>{{cite web |title=ASKOMP condemns govt official’s clampdown on media in Kwara |url=https://theinformant247.com/askomp-condemns-govt-officials-clampdown-on-media-in-kwara |website=The Informant247}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, wasu rahotanni sun ce an tsare wani ɗan jaridar NupekoTV bisa zargin bata suna, lamarin da jam'iyyun siyasa da ƙungiyoyin farar hula suka yi Allah wadai da shi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kwara PDP condemns Abdulrazaq’s govt over NupekoTV journalist’s remand, accuses it of silencing critics |url=https://saharareporters.com/2025/10/16/kwara-pdp-condemns-abdulrazaqsa-govt-over-nupekotv-journalists-remand-accuses-it |website=SaharaReporters }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=TIB Movement condemns Kwara govt over NupekoTV journalist’s remand in prison, calls charges ‘malicious’ |url=https://saharareporters.com/2025/10/15/tib-movement-condemns-kwara-govt-over-nupekotv-journalists-remand-prison-calls-charges |website=SaharaReporters}}</ref> Daga baya, wata kotu ta bayar da belin mawallafin NupekoTV a cikin shari'ar bata sunan da aka shigar a kansa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Court grants bail to NupekoTV publisher in defamation suit filed by Kwara commissioner Usman Lade |url=https://saharareporters.com/2025/10/21/court-grants-bail-nupekoTV-publisher-defamation-suit-filed-kwara-commissioner-usman-lade |website=SaharaReporters}}</ref> == Manufa == A cewar bayanan da kafar ta wallafa, manufar NupekoTV ita ce yaɗa labaran cikin gida da na ƙasashen duniya tare da bunƙasa al'adun Afirka da na al'ummar Nupe. == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://www.nupekotv.com Shafin yanar gizon NupekoTV] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} __FORCETOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ [[Rukuni:Jarida]] [[Rukuni:Jarida mai wallafa labaran ta a yanar gizo]] [[Rukuni:Jarida a Najeriya]] __INDEX__ nchagdgmgkyvckcnifsrb8wshml1ynx 892858 892855 2026-08-08T10:16:46Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:NupekoTV}} {{Infobox person | name = NupekoTV | image = NupekoTv.jpg | caption = NupekoTV | other_names = NupekoTV, Nupeko TV | company_types = Kamfani mai zaman kansa | occupation = Kafar yaɗa labarai ta dijital | years_active = 2021–zuwa yanzu | people = Mohammed Alhaji Tauheed | citizenship = Lafiagi, Jihar Kwara, Najeriya | known_for = Labaran cikin gida, labaran ƙasashen duniya, sharhin al'amuran jama'a da bunƙasa al'adun Nupe | website = {{URL|https://www.nupekotv.com}} }} '''NupekoTV''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''NupekoTV''' ko '''Nupeko TV''') kafar yaɗa labarai ce mai zaman kanta ta Najeriya wadda ke da hedikwata a Lafiagi, Ƙaramar Hukumar Edu, Jihar Kwara. An kafa ta a shekarar 2021 ta hannun '''Mohammed Alhaji Tauheed'''. Kafar tana wallafa labaran cikin gida da na ƙasashen duniya tare da sharhin al'amuran jama'a da kuma bunƙasa al'adun Nupe da na Afirka.<ref>{{cite web |title=NupekoTV.com: About Us - NupekoTV|url=https://www.nupekotv.com/p/about-us.html|website=NupekoTV}}</ref> Kafar tana gudanar da ayyukanta ne ta hanyar wallafa labarai a yanar gizo da sauran kafafen sadarwa na zamani. == Tarihi == An kuma kafa NupekoTV a shekarar 2021 ta hannun '''Mohammed Alhaji Tauheed''' domin samar da kafar yaɗa labarai mai zaman kanta da za ta mayar da hankali kan rahotannin labarai, harkokin jama'a da kuma bunƙasa al'adu. A shekarar 2026, NupekoTV ta kuma sake ƙaddamar da shafinta na yanar gizo domin faɗaɗa ayyukan yaɗa labarai ta hanyar dijital da kuma ƙarfafa aikin jaridar al'umma.<ref>{{cite web |title=NupekoTV Relaunches Website to Strengthen Independent Community Journalism |url=https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-relaunches-website-to-strengthen-independent-community-journalism |website=Factual Times |access-date=2026-06-26 |archive-date=2026-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260626161943/https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-relaunches-website-to-strengthen-independent-community-journalism/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == NupekoTV tana wallafa labaran cikin gida, na ƙasa da na ƙasashen duniya tare da maƙaloli, ra'ayoyi da bayanai masu amfani ga jama'a. Haka kuma tana ba da muhimmanci ga rahotannin da suka shafi yankin Kwara ta Arewa.<ref>{{cite web |title=NupekoTV Relaunches Website to Strengthen Independent Community Journalism |url=https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-relaunches-website-to-strengthen-independent-community-journalism |website=Factual Times |access-date=2026-06-26 |archive-date=2026-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260626161943/https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-relaunches-website-to-strengthen-independent-community-journalism/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kasancewa a kafafen sada zumunta == NupekoTV tana da shafuka masu aiki a kafafen sada zumunta kamar Facebook da YouTube, inda take yaɗa labarai da sauran shirye shirye ga masu bibiyarta. Har ila yau, kafar tana gudanar da rahotannin da suka shafi ci gaban al'umma tare da ba da muhimmanci ga batutuwan tsaro da shugabanci a yankin Kwara ta Arewa. == Jagoranci == Jagorancin NupekoTV ya haɗa da: * '''Mohammed Alhaji Tauheed''' — Wanda ya kafa kafar kuma Babban Darakta (CEO) * '''[[Usman Haruna]]''' — Mataimakin Babban Darakta (Sub CEO) * '''Mohammed Idris Shaaba''' — Mairubutu * '''Abdullahi Adam Santali''' — Mataimakin Mairubutu == Lambar yabo == A shekarar 2025, kungiyar Initial Language Legacy and Culture (ILLEC) ta karrama NupekoTV saboda gudummawar da take bayarwa wajen bunƙasa harshen Nupe da al'adunsa a Jihar Kwara.<ref>{{cite web |title=NupekoTV Gets Award for Promoting Nupe Language |url=https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-gets-award-for-promoting-nupe-language |website=Factual Times }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Shari'o'i da muhawara == NupekoTV ta shiga wasu shari'o'i da suka shafi 'yancin aikin jarida, waɗanda kafafen yaɗa labarai daban daban suka ruwaito. A wani lamari, wani kwamishina na Jihar Kwara ya shigar da ƙarar bata suna ta Naira miliyan 10 a kan kafar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kwara commissioner slams N10m lawsuit against media outlet over allegations of negligence |url=https://theinformant247.com/kwara-commissioner-slams-n10m-lawsuit-against-media-outlet-over-allegations-of-negligence |website=The Informant247}}</ref> Kungiyoyin kare aikin jarida da na farar hula, ciki har da ASKOMP, sun soki abin da suka bayyana a matsayin matsin lamba ga kafafen yaɗa labarai a Jihar Kwara.<ref>{{cite web |title=ASKOMP condemns govt official’s clampdown on media in Kwara |url=https://theinformant247.com/askomp-condemns-govt-officials-clampdown-on-media-in-kwara |website=The Informant247}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, wasu rahotanni sun ce an tsare wani ɗan jaridar NupekoTV bisa zargin bata suna, lamarin da jam'iyyun siyasa da ƙungiyoyin farar hula suka yi Allah wadai da shi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kwara PDP condemns Abdulrazaq’s govt over NupekoTV journalist’s remand, accuses it of silencing critics |url=https://saharareporters.com/2025/10/16/kwara-pdp-condemns-abdulrazaqsa-govt-over-nupekotv-journalists-remand-accuses-it |website=SaharaReporters }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=TIB Movement condemns Kwara govt over NupekoTV journalist’s remand in prison, calls charges ‘malicious’ |url=https://saharareporters.com/2025/10/15/tib-movement-condemns-kwara-govt-over-nupekotv-journalists-remand-prison-calls-charges |website=SaharaReporters}}</ref> Daga baya, wata kotu ta bayar da belin mawallafin NupekoTV a cikin shari'ar bata sunan da aka shigar a kansa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Court grants bail to NupekoTV publisher in defamation suit filed by Kwara commissioner Usman Lade |url=https://saharareporters.com/2025/10/21/court-grants-bail-nupekoTV-publisher-defamation-suit-filed-kwara-commissioner-usman-lade |website=SaharaReporters}}</ref> == Manufa == A cewar bayanan da kafar ta wallafa, manufar NupekoTV ita ce yaɗa labaran cikin gida da na ƙasashen duniya tare da bunƙasa al'adun Afirka da na al'ummar Nupe. == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://www.nupekotv.com Shafin yanar gizon NupekoTV] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} __FORCETOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ [[Rukuni:Jarida]] [[Rukuni:Jarida mai wallafa labaran ta a yanar gizo]] [[Rukuni:Jarida a Najeriya]] __INDEX__ 5dabv77l34gcmiyprxnqq03l7w8ce1l 0 159878 892759 869494 2026-08-08T06:01:19Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 892759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bryson Goodwin'''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryson_Goodwin</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga Disamba 1985) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar New Zealand, wanda ya buga wasa a ƙarshe a matsayin mai tsaron raga ko kuma ɗan wasan gefe ga Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks a gasar Rugby ta ƙasa.<ref>"loverugbyleague". Archived from the original on 3 June 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170603085247/https://www.loverugbyleague.com/stats/players/Bryson-Goodwin/</ref> Ya taɓa bugawa Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs da South [[Sydney]] Rabbitohs a NRL, da kuma Warrington Wolves a gasar Super League. Ya kasance cikin tawagar South Sydney Rabbitohs da ta lashe gasar NRL Premiership ta 2014, inda aka sanya shi a benci mai tsawo don wasan ƙarshe, duk da haka, bai buga wasa ba.<ref>"Grand Final Late Mail & Team Changes". 5 October 2014. http://www.rabbitohs.com.au/news/2014/10/05/grand_final_late_mail_team_changes.html</ref> == Asali == An haifi Goodwin a Parkes, New South Wales, Ostiraliya. Goodwin ɗan tsohon wakilin Ostiraliya ne, Ted Goodwin wanda asalinsa ɗan New Zealand ne. Kakanni na uba na Bryson ɗan New Zealand ne, Lester Jarvis Goodwin, ɗan Pākehā ne (ɗan New Zealand na Turai) kuma Rosina Marie (née Tewera), ɗan Māori ne. Mahaifiyar Bryson 'yar Ostiraliya ce. Shi ne ƙanin tsoffin 'yan wasa Bronx da Luke Goodwin. 'Yar'uwar Goodwin Rearne ta auri tsohon abokin wasan Rabbitohs Joel Reddy, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama surukinsa.<ref>http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sport/nrl/they-all-said-bryson-goodwin-wouldnt-make-it/story-e6frexp9-1225745448803 The Daily Telegraph. 3 July 2009.</ref> Tun yana ƙarami, Goodwin da iyalinsa sun ƙaura zuwa Perth yayin da ɗan'uwansa Luke ke bugawa ƙungiyar Western Reds ta Perth, yayin da Bryson shi ma ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne.<ref>http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/09/18/1063625160538.html?from=storyrhs The Sydney Morning Herald. 19 September 2003.</ref> Ya buga ƙwallon ƙafarsa ta ƙarami a ƙungiyar Canning Bulldogs da South Perth Lions a gasar Rugby ta Yammacin Ostiraliya kafin ya koma Sydney ya buga wa Gymea Gorillas. Goodwin ya halarci Endeavour Sports High, inda ya buga wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Arrive Alive tare da tsohon abokin wasansa Beau Champion na Rabbitohs. Ya kuma kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ta yi nasara a gasar Endeavour Sports High ta 2003.<ref>http://www.foxsports.com.au/nrl/nrl-premiership/sharks-snuff-out-dragons/story-e6frf3uc-1111115984004?nk=e7329e2d2cc901ee6cf9d3a6dd7ba232</ref> == Sana'ar wasa == === Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks (2007–2008) === Goodwin ya kasance ɗan Cronulla na ƙarami, yana bugawa Gymea Gorillas a gasar Cronulla-Sutherland District ta gida. Ya ci gaba ta ƙungiyoyin ƙananan aji na Sharks, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 da kuma aji na reserve, kafin ya fara buga wasa a aji na farko ga Sharks a zagaye na 24 na kakar wasa ta 2007, abin al'ajabi makonni takwas kacal bayan ya karya ƙafarsa a aji na reserve.<ref>http://www.foxsports.com.au/nrl/nrl-premiership/sharks-snuff-out-dragons/story-e6frf3uc-1111115984004?nk=e7329e2d2cc901ee6cf9d3a6dd7ba232</ref> Goodwin yana bugawa Cronulla Sharks a 2008 Ya buga wasanni tara ga Cronulla-Sutherland daga 2007 zuwa 2008, inda ya zira kwallaye biyu. A ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, a kan St. George Illawarra Dragons, ya bi bugun Greg Bird grubber kuma ya riƙe ƙwallon a cikin milimita kaɗan daga layin ƙwallon da ya mutu a filin wasa kuma ya ba ta damar yin gwaji wanda ya daidaita maki kuma ya aika wasan zuwa maki na musamman.<ref>http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sport/nrl/dirt-cheap-bryson-goodwin-is-buy-of-year/story-e6frexp9-1225739303380</ref> === Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks (2007–2008) === Goodwin ya kasance ɗan Cronulla na ƙarami, yana bugawa Gymea Gorillas a gasar Cronulla-Sutherland District ta gida. Ya ci gaba ta ƙungiyoyin ƙananan aji na Sharks, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 da kuma aji na reserve, kafin ya fara buga wasa a aji na farko ga Sharks a zagaye na 24 na kakar wasa ta 2007, abin al'ajabi makonni takwas kacal bayan ya karya ƙafarsa a aji na reserve.<ref>http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-07-08/dogs-pair-two-sit-out-two-weeks/1346350 Dogs pair two sit out two weeks</ref> Goodwin yana bugawa Cronulla Sharks a 2008 Ya buga wasanni tara ga Cronulla-Sutherland daga 2007 zuwa 2008, inda ya zira kwallaye biyu. A ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, a kan St. George Illawarra Dragons, ya bi bugun Greg Bird grubber kuma ya riƙe ƙwallon a cikin milimita kaɗan daga layin ƙwallon da ya mutu a filin wasa kuma ya ba ta damar yin gwaji wanda ya daidaita maki kuma ya aika wasan zuwa maki na zinare.<ref>http://www.foxsports.com.au/nrl/nrl-premiership/parramatta-defeat-bulldogs-22-12-in-first-preliminary-final-jarryd-hayne-reported/story-fn2mcuj6-1225779689827</ref> === Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs (2009–2012 === Ba tare da Cronulla ya so shi ba, Goodwin ya sha wahala wajen neman ƙungiya kafin ya sanya hannu da Canterbury-Bankstown kafin kakar wasa ta 2009. Goodwin ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar Canterbury a zagaye na farko na kakar wasa ta 2009, inda ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da Canterbury ta doke Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles da ci 34-12 a filin wasa na ANZ.<ref>http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/matches/Custom/MTItMTY2MC00LS0tLS0tNTY4OC0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0 rugbyleagueproject.org. 31 December 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2018</ref> Goodwin ya zira kwallaye na gaba a wasan da ƙungiyar ta sha kashi a hannun Gold Coast Titans da ci 20-12 a Skilled Park. Mako guda bayan haka, Goodwin ya sake zira kwallaye a wasan da ƙungiyar ta yi da tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa Cronulla da ci 24-12. Tsarin wasan da Goodwin ya zira kwallaye ya ci gaba lokacin da ya zira kwallaye a cikakken lokaci yayin da ƙungiyar Canterbury ta doke Parramatta da ci 48-18. A zagaye na gaba, Goodwin ya zira kwallaye a wasan da ƙungiyarsa ta yi da Canberra Raiders da ci 30-20 a babban birnin ƙasar. Ya sake zira kwallaye a zagaye na gaba a wasan da Canterbury ta yi da Wests Tigers da ci 22-20. Goodwin ya zira ƙwallo ta gaba a kan [[Melbourne]] Storm a wasan da ƙungiyar ta yi nasara da ci 26-10 a filin wasa na Bluetongue. A zagaye na 14 da Brisbane Broncos a filin wasa na Suncorp, Goodwin ya zira ƙwallo biyu a wasan da ƙungiyar ta yi nasara da ci 44-22. Goodwin ya zira ƙwallo a makon da ya biyo baya a wasan da Canterbury ta doke Penrith Panthers da ci 19-12. A mako mai zuwa, ya sake zira ƙwallo biyu a wasan da Canterbury ta doke Cowboys da ci 30-18. A wasan da ya biyo baya, an sanya Goodwin a cikin jerin 'yan wasan da za su buga wa Canterbury bugun ƙwallo, yayin da Canterbury ta zira ƙwallo a hannun Manly a Brookvale Oval, kuma daga baya aka dakatar da shi na wasanni biyu masu zuwa. A zagaye na 20, Goodwin ya dawo ya zira ƙwallo a wasan da Canterbury ta sha kashi da ci 27-8 a hannun Parramatta. Ya sake zira ƙwallo a mako mai zuwa a wasan da ƙungiyar ta yi da South Sydney Rabbitohs da ci 26-18. A wasan zagaye na 22 da Canterbury ta yi da Canberra, Goodwin ya zira kwallaye biyu a karo na hudu a shekara, wanda hakan ya kawo jimillar kwallayen da ya zira zuwa 18. A zagaye na 23, ya zira kwallaye a wasan da Canterbury ta doke Cowboys da ci 22-12 a Townsville. Goodwin ya zira kwallayen karshe na kakar wasa ta bana ta hanyar bugun Hazem El Masri a wasan karshe na 22-12 da Parramatta Eels a gaban magoya baya 74,549 a filin wasa na ANZ. A karshen kakar wasa ta 2009, Goodwin ya zira kwallaye mafi kyau a rayuwarsa na gwaje-gwaje 20, wanda shine na hudu mafi yawa a gasar, yayin da kungiyar Canterbury ta kammala gasar share fagen shiga gasar share fagen shiga gasar. Bayan kakar wasa mai ban sha'awa, an zabi Goodwin a cikin tawagar New Zealand don gasar Four Nations ta 2009. Bayan dawowa daga Ingila da Faransa tare da ƙungiyar New Zealand da aka gwada, a lokacin shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa ta 2010 da kuma bayan ritayar babban ɗan wasan Canterbury Hazem El Masri, an zaɓi Goodwin a matsayin sabon ɗan wasan da ke zura ƙwallo a Canterbury. Goodwin bai buga wasan farko na Bulldogs na kakar wasa ta 2010 ba saboda rauni. A farkon bayyanar Goodwin ga Canterbury a cikin sabuwar shekara, ya zura ƙwallo ta farko ga ƙungiyar a kan St. George Illawarra Dragons a zagaye na 2 a filin wasa na WIN da ke Wollongong. A mako mai zuwa, ya zura ƙwallo shida a nasarar da Canterbury ta samu a kan Sydney Roosters da ci 60-14 a filin wasa na ANZ. Ya zura ƙwallo ta farko a kakar wasa ta 2010 kuma ya zura ƙwallo biyu a zagaye na 4 a wasan da Canterbury ta sha kashi a hannun South Sydney Rabbitohs da ci 38-16 a filin wasa na ANZ. A zagaye na 7, Goodwin ya zira kwallaye biyu sannan ya zira kwallaye shida a nasarar da Canterbury ta samu a filin wasa na ANZ a kan Brisbane Broncos. Goodwin ya zira kwallaye shida sannan ya zira kwallaye shida a nasarar da Canterbury ta samu a kan South Sydney Rabbitohs a filin wasa na ANZ. A kakar wasa ta 2010, ya ƙare da jimillar kwallaye 6 sannan ya zira kwallaye 73 don samun maki 170 kuma Canterbury ta kare a matsayi na 13. A wasan farko na kakar wasa ta 2011, Goodwin ya zira kwallaye hudu a nasarar da Canterbury ta samu a kan Wests Tigers da ci 24-14 a filin wasa na ANZ. A mako mai zuwa da South Sydney Rabbitohs a filin wasa na ANZ, Goodwin ya zira kwallaye hudu kuma ya zira kwallaye hudu a nasarar Bulldogs da ci 28-19. A wasan da Canterbury ta samu nasara a kan South Sydney Rabbitohs da ci 36-24 a zagaye na 7 a filin wasa na ANZ, Goodwin ya ji rauni kuma an cire shi daga buga wasa na tsawon makonni da dama. Goodwin ya dawo a zagaye na 11 a wasan da Canterbury ta sha kashi a hannun Canberra Raiders da ci 20-12 a filin wasa na Canberra. A zagaye na 16, Goodwin ya yi rashin nasara a karo na farko tun lokacin da ya shiga kungiyar. [an yi masa kirari] Lokaci na ƙarshe da Goodwin ya buga wasa a Reserve Grade shine a shekarar 2008 yayin da yake a Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks. Goodwin ya fara bugawa a Reserve Grade ga Canterbury a zagaye na 16 a wasan da suka yi da North Sydney Bears a North Sydney Oval da ci 32-15. A wannan wasan Goodwin ya zura kwallo ta farko a Reserve Grade ga kungiyar kuma ya zura kwallaye 4. [an yi masa kirari] Goodwin ya buga sauran kakar wasa ta 2011 a Reserve Grade wanda ya hada da bugawa Canterbury wasa a wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin NSW Cup da ci 30-28 akan [[Auckland]] Vulcans, inda ya zura kwallaye 3 wanda ya taimaka wa kungiyar Canterbury Reserve Grade ta lashe gasar farko ta Reserve Grade ta 3 a jere. Jimillar kakar wasa ta aji na farko ta 2011 ta kare da zira kwallaye 1 sannan ta zira kwallaye 24 da maki 52 kuma Canterbury ta kare a matsayi na tara, inda ta rasa wasan karshe da bambancin maki. Goodwin ya fara kakar wasa ta 2012 a aji na farko a karkashin sabon kocin Canterbury Des Hasler kuma ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a wasan farko a wasan da Canterbury ta doke Penrith Panthers da ci 22-14 a Penrith. Gwajinsa na gaba ya zo ne a mako mai zuwa a wasan da Canterbury ta doke St. George Illawarra Dragons da ci 30-4 a filin wasa na ANZ. Gwajinsa na uku ya zo ne a wasan da Canterbury ta doke abokan hamayyarta Parramatta Eels da ci 46-12 a filin wasa na ANZ. Gwajinsa na gaba kuma na karshe a aji na farko a kungiyar ya zo ne a wasan da Canterbury ta sha kashi a hannun Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles da ci 12-10 a filin wasa na ANZ. A zagaye na 11 a wasan da Canterbury ta doke Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks da ci 26-6 cikin sauki, Goodwin ya ji rauni a cikin kansa a karo da dan wasan baya na Sharks Matthew Wright. Raunin ya kasance barazana ga aikinsa. Wannan wasan ya zama wasan karshe na aji na farko da Goodwin zai buga wa kungiyar. Goodwin ya shafe watanni da dama ba ya wasa kuma daga ƙarshe ya dawo, don buga sauran kakar wasa ta 2012 a cikin Reserve Grade. Wasan ƙarshe da Goodwin ya buga wa ƙungiyar shine a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin NSW a wasan da Canterbury ta sha kashi da ci 34-6 a hannun Newtown Jets a Leichhardt Oval, inda ya zura ƙwallonsa ta ƙarshe a ƙungiyar. Jimillar kwallayen da ya ci a kakar wasa ta 2012 sun ƙare da zira kwallaye 4 sannan ya zira kwallaye 14 da maki 44. === South Sydney Rabbitohs (2013–2017) === Bayan shekaru huɗu da Canterbury-Bankstown, Goodwin ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara ɗaya da ƙungiyar Rabbitohs ta Kudu. Goodwin ya ambaci lokacin da ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar Rabbitohs; "Yana da kyau a warware komai. Ya ɗauki lokaci, amma ina farin cikin zuwa wannan ƙungiya mai kyau" in ji kocin Souths Michael Maguire game da Goodwin; "Goodwin ɗan wasa ne mai ƙwarewa a matakin farko da kuma na ƙasa da ƙasa wanda zai zama mai mahimmanci ga ƙungiyar baya. Abin takaici a gare shi ya sami rauni a kakar wasa ta 2012 amma zai shiga ƙungiyarmu don shirye-shiryen wasannin share fagen kakar wasa, wanda zai ba shi damar samun mafi kyawun matsayi. Yana da ƙwarewa sosai a duk abin da yake yi kuma muna fatan zai ƙarfafa zaɓuɓɓukanmu a baya." Goodwin ya fara bugawa South Sydney wasa a zagaye na 2 a wasan da suka yi da Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks da ci 14-12 a filin wasa na ANZ. A mako mai zuwa, Goodwin ya zura kwallo a wasansa na farko a kungiyar a wasan da South Sydney ta yi da Penrith Panthers da ci 44-32 a filin wasa na Centrebet. A mako mai zuwa a zagaye na 4, Goodwin ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka yi da tsohuwar kungiyarsa ta Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs a wasan da South Sydney ta yi da ci 17-12 a filin wasa na ANZ. A mako mai zuwa, Goodwin ya zura kwallo ta uku a wasanni uku a jere ga Souths ta hanyar zura kwallo ta uku a wasan da South Sydney ta yi da ci 24-22 a kan New Zealand Warriors a filin wasa na Mount Smart da ke Auckland, New Zealand, wanda ya bai wa Souths nasara hudu a wasanni hudu na farko. Bayan rashin isasshen wasanni hudu, daga karshe a zagaye na 9, Goodwin ya zura kwallo a wasan da South Sydney ta yi da ci 28-10 a kan North Queensland Cowboys a filin wasa na ANZ. A ranar 16 ga Mayu 2013, Goodwin ya rattaba hannu kan tsawaita kwantiragin shekaru biyu da Souths kan farashin da ake kyautata zaton zai kai kusan dala 60,000 a shekara wanda zai ci gaba da kasancewa a kulob din har zuwa bazara na 2015. A ranar 27 ga Mayu, ya zira kwallaye biyar a kakar wasa a wasan da South Sydney ta sha kashi a hannun tsohuwar kungiyar Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks da ci 14-12 a Shark Park. Goodwin ya buga dukkan wasanni 25 na South a kakar wasa ta 2015, inda ya tara jimillar mita 2554 tare da kwallon a hannunsa a kan hanyarsa ta zira kwallaye shida. Wakilin Kiwi ya kuma yi tackles 308, line-breaks bakwai da kuma 11 offloads. A ranar 6 ga Oktoba 2015, an sanar da cewa Goodwin ya sake rattaba hannu da kulob din na tsawon shekaru biyu. A ranar 9 ga Oktoba 2015, an ba Goodwin kyautar Zaɓin Membobin Roy Asotasi. Membobin sun dauki Goodwin a matsayin wanda ya fi kowa a South Sydney a kakar wasa ta 2015 a wani bincike da aka gudanar a yanar gizo har zuwa karshen Satumba. === Warrington Wolves (2018–2019) === Goodwin ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar bugawa Leigh Centurions wasa a kakar wasa mai zuwa ta Super League ta 2018. Duk da haka, a ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 2017, bayan da Leigh ya fadi zuwa gasar Championship bayan ya sha kashi a hannun Million Pound Game, mai kulob din Leigh Derek Beaumont ya tabbatar da cewa Warrington Wolves ta yi tayin kuma Leigh ya amince. Daga nan ya koma Warrington don kakar wasa ta Super League ta 2018. Ya buga wasa a wasan karshe na gasar Challenge Cup ta 2018 da Catalans Dragons suka sha kashi a filin wasa na Wembley. Goodwin ya buga wa Warrington wasa a wasan karshe na Super League ta 2018 da Wigan Warriors ta doke su a Old Trafford. Warrington na neman lashe gasar Premier ta farko tun 1955 amma ya fadi a karo na biyu cikin shekaru uku. A ranar 4 ga Yuli, 2019, Goodwin ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragi don komawa tsohuwar kulob dinsa ta South Sydney don kakar wasa ta NRL ta 2020 bayan ya shafe shekaru biyu kacal a Ingila tare da Warrington. Ya buga wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin kalubale ta 2019 da St Helens a filin wasa na Wembley. === Komawa zuwa Kudancin Sydney === A ranar 15 ga Yuni 2020, Goodwin ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shiga Cronulla ba tare da ya buga wa South Sydney wasa ba. === Komawa zuwa Cronulla–Sutherland (2020 da kuma ritaya) === A zagaye na 6 na kakar wasa ta NRL ta 2020, Goodwin ya fara buga wa Cronulla wasa kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da ya yi nasara yayin da kungiyar ta doke Canterbury 20-18 a filin wasa na Bankwest. == Wakilcin da ya yi a kakar wasa ta bana == === New Zealand === Daga kasancewar Bryson ɗan asalin New Zealand ne kuma ɗan asalin Australia, ya cancanci wakiltar ƙasashen biyu. A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2009 da ya yi da Bulldogs, Goodwin ya yi alƙawarin amincewa da ƙungiyar Kiwi ta New Zealand ta hanyar zuriyarsa ta Māori ɗan New Zealand daga gefen mahaifinsa. An zaɓe shi don yin rangadin wasa da kuma buga wasa da ƙungiyar New Zealand a gasar Four Nations ta 2009 a Ingila da Faransa. Kwanaki goma kafin 'yan New Zealand su nufi Turai, Goodwin ya zira ƙwallonsa ta farko a ƙasashen waje lokacin da ya fara buga Test a New Zealand kuma ya zira kwallaye biyu na farko ga New Zealand a wasan Kiwis 40-24 da Tonga a wasan Test Match a filin wasa na Rotorua International Stadium. [cikakken bayani] A wasan zagaye na farko na New Zealand a gasar Four Nations, Goodwin ya zira kwallaye biyu na farko ga New Zealand a wasan da suka tashi 20-20 da Australia a Twickenham Stoop a London, Ingila. A zagaye na gaba, Goodwin ya zira kwallaye tara a gasar kuma ya zira kwallaye tara a wasan da Kiwis ta doke Faransa da ci 62-12 a Stade Ernest-Wallon da ke Toulouse, Faransa. A wasan da Kiwi ta doke Faransa, Goodwin ya zira kwallaye 22. A zagaye na uku, Goodwin ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da New Zealand ta sha kashi a hannun Ingila mai masaukin baki 20-12 a filin wasa na Galpharm da ke Huddersfield, Ingila. Bayan wannan rashin nasara, New Zealand ta kare a matsayi na 3 a kan tsani na gasar kuma saboda haka aka fitar da ita daga gasar. A karshen gasar, jimillar kwallayen Goodwin ya zira kwallaye biyu kuma ya zira kwallaye 13 da maki 32. A shekarar 2013, an kira shi cikin tawagar Kiwis don gasar cin kofin duniya ta Rugby League ta 2013. Ya buga a kowane wasa na gasar, ciki har da rashin nasara a hannun New Zealand da Australia da ci 34-2 a wasan karshe.<ref>https://www.sportingnews.com/au/league/news/nrl-news-2020-cronulla-sharks-bryson-goodwin-south-sydney-rabbitohs/87pvuncwjm97196yzacgricro/</ref> === Māori == Goodwin ya buga wasan All Stars na 2020 tsakanin 'yan asalin [[All Stars]] da kuma 'yan Māori All Stars.<ref>https://www.nrl.com/news/2020/02/22/smith-stars-as-maori-side-clinches-first-all-stars-win/ NRL.com. Archived from the original on 23 February 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2020.</ref><ref>https://www.nrl.com/news/2020/01/29/all-stars-team-announcements/</ref> == Manazarta == 81y6f1talgn8vzbkp41bzdk8pyn77yi 0 160236 892783 882950 2026-08-08T08:20:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Olufolasade "Sade" Ayomide Danielle Adamolekun '''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olufolasade_Adamolekun</ref> An haife ta a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 2001) ƙwararriyar 'yar ƙwallon ƙafa ce wacce ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan gaba ko ɗan tsakiya a Hearts. An haife ta a Amurka, tana wakiltar [[Jamaica]] a ƙasashen duniya.<ref>[[https://web.archive.org/web/20190708190751/https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWWC/2019/pdf/FWWC_2019_SQUADLISTS.PDF]]</ref> Ta taɓa bugawa USC Trojans wasa a baya. == Rayuwar farko == An haife ta a Austin, [[Texas]] ga mahaifinta ɗan Najeriya ɗan kabilar Yarbawa Lanre Adamolekun da mahaifiyarta ɗan Jamaica Michelle Adamolekun, Olufolasade an rene ta ne tare da babban ɗan'uwanta Nathaniel.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190708190751/https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWWC/2019/pdf/FWWC_2019_SQUADLISTS.PDF (PDF) on 8 July 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.</ref> A shekarar 2016, Adamolekun ta sami kyautar UIL Girls Soccer All District 14-6A a matsayin ɗalibi na farko a Makarantar Sakandare ta Lake Travis da ke Austin, Texas. A matsayinta na ɗalibi na biyu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Fleming Island, ta sami kyautar All-First Coast 1st Team Award a shekarar 2017 bayan ta zira kwallaye 22. A shekarar 2017 da 2018, Adamolekun ta sami kyautar United Soccer Coaches Youth Girls All-South Region Award. An kuma karrama ta kuma sanya ta cikin jerin 'Yan Matan Gabashin U16/U17 na Cibiyar Ci Gaban Amurka a kakar farko ta shirin 'Yan Mata a shekarar 2018.<ref>http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/sports/adamolekun-sticking-to-her-jamaican-roots_114256?profile=1513 Jamaica Observer. 18 October 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2019.</ref> === Jami'ar Kudancin California (2019–2022) === Adamolekun ta karɓi tallafin karatu na ƙwallon ƙafa kuma ta fara aikinta na kwaleji tare da Jami'ar Kudancin California a watan Agusta na 2019. Duk da ci gaba da rashin zuwa saboda kiran ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jamaica da kuma alƙawarin da ta ɗauka a duk shekararta ta farko, Adamolekun ta sami lambar yabo ta PAC-12 Conference na zama memba na "Dukan Sabbin Ƙungiyoyi" don kakar wasannin kwaleji ta 2019.<ref>http://www.theathleticsdepartment.com/orgs/UIL/honors/2015-2016-All-District-14-6A-Girls-Soccer-46702/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425142050/http://www.theathleticsdepartment.com/orgs/UIL/honors/2015-2016-All-District-14-6A-Girls-Soccer-46702/ |date=2025-04-25 }} www.theathleticsdepartment.com. Retrieved 19 March 2019.</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Santa Clara Blue Heat FC === Adamolekun ta kasance memba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta United Women's Soccer ta 2021 a gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Santa Clarita Blue Heat, inda ta ba da gudummawa wajen cin ƙwallo da kuma taimakawa a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Connecticut Fusion FC da ci 5-0.<ref>https://www.jacksonville.com/sports/high-schools/2017-04-11/all-first-coast-girls-soccer-2017-spartans-newton-headlines-deep-area he Florida Times-Union. Retrieved 9 March 2019.</ref> === Hearts === A watan Agusta na 2023, Adamolekun ta koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Scotland Heart of Midlothian a kan kwangilar shekara ɗaya, tare da zaɓin tsawaita shekara ɗaya. A shekarar 2024 ta sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwangila don ci gaba da zama a ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru biyu.<ref>http://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/sports/20190119/girlz-integrating-well-camp jamaica-gleaner.com. Retrieved 9 March 2019.</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasashen waje == === Ƙungiyoyin Matasa na Ƙasa === A watan Maris na 2014, tana da shekaru 13, Adamolekun ta halarci sansanin horar da 'yan wasan Amurka na ID2 da ke Portland, OR. An yi amfani da sansanin a matsayin kimantawa ga sansanin horar da 'yan wasan Amurka na gaba. Daga nan aka kira Adamolekun cikin tawagar 'yan wasan Amurka na 'yan wasan kasa da shekaru 14 a watan Yuni, Agusta da Oktoba na 2014. A watan Afrilu na 2014, ta halarci sansanin 'yan wasan Amurka na 'yan wasan kasa da shekaru 15 da aka gudanar a Cibiyar Horar da 'Yan wasan Soccer ta Amurka da ke Carson, California. Tana da shekaru 14, Adamolekun ta halarci sansanin 'yan wasan mata na Amurka na 'yan wasan kasa da shekaru 17 daga ranar 15 ga Yuni, zuwa 22 ga Yuni, 2014 a Cibiyar Horar da 'Yan wasan Olympics ta Amurka da ke Chula Vista, California. A watan Maris, Satumba da Nuwamba na 2015, Adamolekun ta halarci sansanin 'yan wasan kasa da shekaru 15 na Amurka. Daga baya an kira Adamolekun zuwa sansanin 'yan wasan mata na ƙasa na Amurka 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 a Bradenton, [[Florida]] daga 6-13 ga Oktoba, 2018.<ref>https://guyanachronicle.com/2019/05/24/reggae-girlz-unbeaten-run-continues-ahead-of-world-cup-bow/</ref> Adamolekun ya karɓi kiran Jamaica 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 don shiga gasar CONCACAF ta mata 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta 2018 daga 16-22 ga Oktoba, 2017 a Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Adamolekun ya sami yabo mafi yawan masu zura kwallaye a gasar, inda ya zira kwallaye 4 a wasanni 3 a gasar neman cancantar shiga gasar.<ref>https://www.socceramerica.com/publications/article/76415/rosters-heavy-us-flavor-at-concacaf-under-20-wo.html</ref> Lokacin da yake da shekara 16, an sanya Adamolekun cikin jerin 'yan wasan Jamaica 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 don neman cancantar shiga gasar CONCACAF ta mata 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2018 a Basseterre, St. Kitts. A wasan farko, Adamolekun ya zira kwallo ɗaya tilo da ta bai wa Jamaica nasara 1-0 a kan Jamhuriyar Dominican. Jamaica ta samu gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin mata ta CONCACAF ta 2018, bayan ta kare a matsayi na farko a zagaye na karshe na neman gurbin shiga gasar Caribbean. Adamolekun ya kammala gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar da kwallaye biyu a wasanni uku.<ref>https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/sport/football/hearts/jamaican-international-becomes-hearts-latest-new-signing-4242331</ref> An sanya Adamolekun cikin jerin 'yan wasan da za su fafata a gasar CONCACAF ta mata ta Jamaica ta 2018 a Couva, Trinidad & Tobago. Adamolekun ya zura kwallo a wasan Jamaica da [[Nicaragua]] da ci 2-2, kuma an yaba masa da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida da ya sanya Jamaica ta yi daidai da [[Amurka]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://britishlinkz.com/ent/interviews/untold-athletes-features-reggae-girl-olufolasade-sade-adamolekun/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-06-29 |archive-date=2022-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202095520/https://britishlinkz.com/ent/interviews/untold-athletes-features-reggae-girl-olufolasade-sade-adamolekun/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin da take da shekaru 17, Adamolekun ta fara fitowa a matsayin babbar 'yar wasan mata ta Jamaica a ranar 28 ga Oktoba, 2018, inda ta zura kwallaye biyu a wasan sada zumunta da Nottingham Forest Ladies da ci 3-0. Lura cewa wannan fitowar ba ta cancanta a matsayin 'yar wasan kasa da kasa ba, kuma kwallayen ba su da tasiri ga jimillar kwallayen da ta zura a gasar kasa da kasa tun lokacin da aka buga wasan da kungiyar kwallon kafa ba ta babbar kungiyar kwallon kafa ba. Bayan samun gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA a tarihi daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jamaica, an sanya Adamolekun cikin jerin 'yan wasan da za su fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2019 a watan Janairun 2019. Ta samu kiran da aka yi mata na gaba don shiga sansanin shirye-shiryen gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2019 a Jamaica, kuma ta fara buga wasa a matsayin 'yar wasa a matsayin 'yar wasa a wasan sada zumunta da suka doke Chile da ci 1-0 a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 2019. Ta kuma buga wasa a matsayin 'yar wasa a wasan sada zumunci da Jamaica ta doke Chile da ci 3-2 a ranar 3 ga Maris, 2019. An gayyaci Adamolekun zuwa sansanin shirye-shiryen gasar cin kofin duniya ta uku da Jamaica ta fafata da Afirka ta Kudu a watan Afrilun 2019, inda ta buga wasa a matsayin 'yar wasa a wasan da Jamaica ta buga da ci 1-1 da Afirka ta Kudu a ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 2019. An gayyaci Adamolekun zuwa sansanin shirye-shiryen gasar cin kofin duniya ta hudu da Jamaica ta fafata da Afirka ta Kudu a Kingston, Jamaica a watan Mayun 2019 kuma ta fito a cikin 'yan wasan farko kuma an yaba mata da taimakawa wajen taimakawa. Nasarar da Jamaica ta samu a wasan sada zumunci da Panama a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2019. A lokacin tana da shekaru 18 kuma kafin ta kammala karatun sakandare, an nada Adamolekun a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan wasa 23 da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Jamaica ta zaba domin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2019. A ranar 24 ga Mayu, 2019, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Jamaica ta buga wasanta na karshe a Miramar, Florida a gasar Reggae Girlz Foundation World Cup Send Off Celebration, kafin ta tafi gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2019 a Faransa. Adamolekun ya zura kwallo a wasan sada zumunci da Jamaica ta doke FC Surge ta kungiyar kwallon kafa ta FC Surge da ci 2-1. Lura cewa wannan bayyanar ba ta cancanta a matsayin kasa da kasa ba kuma ba a kirga kwallayen da ta zura a manyan kwallayen kasa da kasa ba tun lokacin da aka buga wasan da kungiyar kwallon kafa ba ta babbar kungiyar kwallon kafa ba. === Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2019 === Adamolekun ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jamaica 'yan wasa 23 waɗanda suka kafa tarihi a matsayin ƙungiyar Caribbean ta farko da ta shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA. Adamolekun tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jamaica kuma an san ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan matasa 10 da suka kalli gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2019 a Faransa. Tana da shekaru 18, ta fara shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2019 a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jamaica wadda ta fara wasa da Italiya a Reims, Faransa a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 2019. === Wasannin Pan American na 2019 === Adamolekun tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa 18 da aka zaɓa don Gasar Wasannin Pan American ta 2019 a Lima, Peru, inda aka nuna ta a cikin 'yan wasa 11 da suka fara kuma an yaba mata da taimakawa a wasan da Jamaica ta doke Peru da ci 1-0 a ranar 6 ga Agusta, 2019. Gasar Cin Kofin Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta CONCACAF ta 2020 Adamolekun tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa 20 da aka zaɓa don Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta CONCACAF ta 2020 a Edinberg, Texas, inda aka nuna ta a cikin 'yan wasa 11 da suka fara da Mexico da St. Kitts & Nevis kuma an yaba mata da taimakawa ɗaya a wasan da Jamaica ta yi da St. Kitts & Nevis da ci 7-0 a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 2020. === Jerin Wasannin bazara na WNT na 2021 === Adamolekun tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa 23 da aka zaɓa don gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Jamaica (wanda aka fi sani da Senior Reggae Girlz) ta WNT Summer Series ta 2021 daga 10 ga Yuni zuwa 16, 2021 a Houston, Texas, inda Adamolekun An fito a wasannin da aka yi da Costa Rica da Amurka. === Ceton Gasar Mata ta CONCACAF ta 2022 === Adamolekun na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa 23 da aka zaɓa don ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jamaica (wanda aka fi sani da Senior Reggae Girlz) a gasar cancantar shiga gasar CONCACAF W ta 2022 daga 16 ga Fabrairu - 12 ga Afrilu, 2022. Adamolekun ya fito a wasannin gasar da Grenada, Bermuda da Tsibirin Cayman. Adamolekun ya samu yabo da taimakon da ya bayar a nasarar da Reggae Girlz ta samu a kan Tsibirin Cayman da ci 9-0. === Gasar Mata ta CONCACAF ta 2022 === Adamolekun na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa 23 da aka zaɓa don gasar cin kofin mata ta CONCACAF ta 2022 daga 4-18 ga Yuli, 2022 a Monterrey, Mexico, kuma memba ce a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jamaica wadda ta lashe lambar yabo ta Bronze ta biyu a gasar CONCACAF W Championships don cimma cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2023. An nuna Adamolekun a gasar cin kofin mata ta CONCACAF ta 2022 da Kanada da Haiti. === Wasannin Tsakiyar Amurka da Caribbean na 2023 === Adamolekun yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa 20 da aka zaɓa don ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Jamaica (wanda aka fi sani da Senior Reggae Girlz) ta wasannin Tsakiyar [[Amurka]] da Caribbean na 2023 a San Salvador, El Salvador daga 23 ga Yuni - 8 ga Yuli, 2023. Adamolekun ya fito a dukkan wasanni uku na rukuni na B da El Salvador, Puerto Rico da Mexico, an danganta Adamolekun da zura ƙwallo a wasan Reggae Girlz da [[Mexico]]. == Ƙididdigar aiki == === ƙwallayen ƙasa da ƙasa === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !scope="col"|Lamba !scope="col"|Rana !scope="col"|Wuri !scope="col"|Abokin hamayya !scope="col"|Ci !scope="col"|Sakamako !scope="col"|Gasa |- | 1. || 3 July 2023 || [[Estadio Las Delicias]], [[Saint Tecla]], El Salvador || {{fbw|MEX}} || align=center|'''2'''–4 || align=center| 3–7 ||[[Football at the 2023 Central American and Caribbean Games – Women's tournament#Group B|CAC games group stage]] |- |} == Rayuwar Kai == An haifi Adamolekun a Amurka ga mahaifin wani Ba’amurke ɗan Najeriya kuma mahaifiyar ɗan Jamaica. Ɗan’uwanta Nathaniel Adamolekun shi ma ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Lake Travis da ke Austin, Texas a shekararta ta farko kafin ta koma Florida, inda ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Fleming Island da ke Florida. == Sauran Ayyuka == === Jagoranci === A shekarar 2020, a lokacin rikicin zamantakewa a faɗin Amurka, Adamolekun ta haɗu da kafa Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Baƙar fata ta Ƙasa (UBSAA) a Jami'ar Kudancin California (USC) tare da haɗin gwiwar Hukumar USC don ƙarfafa takwarorinta su yi amfani da dandamalinsu a matsayin 'yan wasa na ɗalibai don yin tasiri mai kyau da kuma taimakawa wajen cike gibin da ke akwai a Jami'ar Kudancin California da kuma cikin al'ummominsu. == Manazarta == b8wc7rkczligpvlhfsa0z86fcb71bvd 0 160286 892779 872028 2026-08-08T07:45:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:DeltaOkawango.jpg|thumb|Hoton tauraron dan adam (SeaWiFS) na Delta Okavango, tare da ƙara iyakokin ƙasashe]] [[File:Vista aérea del delta del Okavango, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 32.jpg|thumb|Yanki na al'ada a cikin Delta Okavango, tare da buɗaddun madatsun ruwa da tabkuna, fadama da tsibirai]] '''Delta Okavango''' ko '''Ciyawar Okavango''' wani babban fadamar cikin ƙasa ne a Botswana wanda ke fuskantar inda Kogin Okavango ya isa wani rami na tectonic a tsayin mita 930–1000<ref name=ramsar1996>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Information Sheet |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf |date=1996 |access-date=17 January 2021 |archive-date=31 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015705/https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> a tsakiyar ɓangaren kwarin hamada na Kalahari. Yana ɗaya daga cikin Guraren Gadon Duniya na UNESCO a matsayin ɗayan ƙananan tsarin delta na cikin gida waɗanda ba sa kwarara zuwa teku ko babban teku, tare da tsarin dausayi wanda ke da kariya sosai.<ref name=unesco/> Madadin haka, ruwan ambaliyar yana bazuwa a kan filayen yashi da tsibirai, kuma babban sashi yana shiga ƙasa zuwa cikin ruwan da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kafin tsimrai su sha shi. Kusan dukkanin ruwan da ke isa delta daga ƙarshe yana bofewa ko kuma tsimrai suna fitar da shi. Kowace shekara, kusan kilomita mai siffar sili (km3) 11 na ruwa yana bazuwa a kan yanki mai faɗin murabba'in kilomita 6000-15000. Wasu ruwan ambaliyar suna kwarara zuwa Tabkin Ngami.<ref name="Keen" /> Yankin ya taɓa zama ɗayan ɓangaren Tabkin Makgadikgadi, wani tsofaffi tabki wanda mafi yawansa ya kafe a farkon zamanin Holocene.<ref name="McCarthy1" /> Gidan Ajiyar Dabbobi na Moremi yana gefen gabas na delta. An ayyana delta ɗin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Abubuwan Al'ajabi na Halitta Guda Bakwai na Afirka, waɗanda aka sanar da su a hukumance ranar 11 ga Fabrairu 2013 a Arusha, Tanzania.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sevennaturalwonders.org/africa |title=Seven Natural Wonders of Africa – Seven Natural Wonders |website=sevennaturalwonders.org |access-date=22 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221103510/http://sevennaturalwonders.org/africa/ |archive-date=21 December 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Yuni 2014, Delta Okavango ta zama guri na 1000 da aka rubuta a hukumance a cikin Jerin Gadon Duniya na UNESCO.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1159 |title=World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana |first=UNESCO World Heritage |last=Centre |website=Whc.unesco.org |access-date=4 April 2018 |archive-date=26 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234253/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1159 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unesco>{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 |title=Twenty six new properties added to World Heritage List at Doha meeting |first=UNESCO World Heritage |last=Centre |website=Whc.unesco.org |access-date=4 April 2018 |archive-date=26 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234247/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 |url-status=live}}</ref> == Suna == An samo sunan ''Okavango'' ne daga Kogin Okavango, wanda shi kuma sunansa ya fito ne daga ''Kavango,'' wanda ke nufin mutanen Kavango na arewacin Namibiya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Water |first=John Misachi September 2 2021 in Bodies of |date=2021-09-02 |title=Okavango River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/okavango-river.html |access-date=2026-06-23 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Tsofaffin rubuce-rubucen Ingantattun kalmomi sun haɗa da ''Okovango'', yayin da wasu masanan Namibiya suka fi son ''Kavango'' lokacin da suke magana game da kogi da yankin Namibiya. Masanin tarihi Andreas Eckl ya lura cewa rahotannin mallakar mallaka na Jamus sun yi amfani da ''Okavango'', amma harafin farko ''O-'' ba ya da kyau a cikin harsunan Kavango na gida, kuma an danganta shi da tasirin harshen Herero.<ref name="eckl-2007">{{cite journal |last=Eckl |first=Andreas |year=2007 |title=Reports from 'beyond the line': The accumulation of knowledge of Kavango and its peoples by the German colonial administration 1891–1911 |url=https://welwitschia.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/JNS_June2007_7to37.pdf |journal=Journal of Namibian Studies |volume=1 |pages=7–37 |access-date=12 May 2026}}</ref> == Labarin Ƙasa == === Ambaliyar Ruwa === Okavango yana samuwa ne ta hanyar ambaliyar ruwa ta yanayi. Kogin Okavango yana ɗaukar ruwa daga ruwan sama na lokacin zafi (Janairu-Fabrairu) daga tsaunukan Angola kuma ambaliyar tana tafiyar kilomita 1200 a cikin kusan wata guda. Daga nan ruwan sai ya bazu a kan fili mai faɗin murabba'in kilomita 37500 na delta a cikin watanni huɗu masu zuwa (Maris-Yuni).{{cn|date=June 2026}} Babban yanayin zafi na delta yana taimakawa wajen saurin bofewa da fitar da ruwa ta tsimrai, wanda ke haifar da hawan ruwa da sauka har sau uku<ref>{{cite web |author1=C. N. Kurugundla |author2=N. M. Moleele |author3=K.Dikgola |title=Flow Partitioning Within the Okavango Delta –A Pre-requisite for Environmental Flow Assessment for Human Livelihoods and Sustainable Biodiversity Management |url=https://www.water.gov.bw/images/Reports/Okavango_Delta.pdf |publisher=University of Botswana |pages=8–9 |access-date=17 January 2021 |archive-date=31 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015657/https://www.water.gov.bw/images/Reports/Okavango_Delta.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> waɗanda ba a fahimta sarai ba sai a farkon ƙarni na 20. Matakan ambaliyar sun kai kololuwa tsakanin Yuni da Agusta, lokacin sanyin hunturu na Botswana, lokacin da delta ke faɗaɗa har sau uku fiye da girmanta na dindindin, yana jan hankalin dabbobi daga kilomita da yawa kuma yana haifar da ɗayan mafi girman taron namun daji a Afirka. Delta ɗin tana da santsi sosai, tare da bambancin tsayi da bai kai mita 2 ba a faɗin murabba'in kilomita 15000, yayin da ruwan ke sauka kusan mita 60 daga Mohembo zuwa Maun.<ref name=ramsar1996/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wehberg |first1=J. |title=Okavango Basin - Physicogeographical setting |journal=Biodiversity & Ecology |date=31 December 2013 |volume=5 |pages=11 |doi=10.7809/b-e.00236 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gumbricht |first1=T. |title=The topography of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and its tectonic and sedimentological implications |journal=South African Journal of Geology |date=2001 |volume=104 |issue=3 |pages=243–264 |doi=10.2113/1040243|bibcode=2001SAJG..104..243G}}</ref> === Kwararar Ruwa === === Tabkuna === [[File:Shinde Lagoon, Okavango Delta, Botswana.jpg|thumb|Tabkin Shinde, idan an duba shi daga sararin samaniya]] Lokacin da ruwan ya fara janyewa a hankali, ruwa yana kasancewa a manyan madatsun ruwa da gadoji na koguna, da kuma wasu manyan tabkuna, waɗanda ke ƙara janyo hankalin dabbobi masu yawa.{{cn|date=June 2026}} === Tsibiran Gishiri === Taron gishiri a kusa da tushen tsimrai yana haifar da fararen wurare marasa amfani a tsakiyar dubun-dubatar tsibirai, waɗanda suka yi gishiri da yawa don tallafawa tsimrai, in ban da bishiyar dabino mai jure gishiri lokaci-lokaci. Bishiyoyi da ciyayi suna girma a cikin yashi a gefen tsibiran da ba su riga sun yi gishiri da yawa ba.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Balasubramaniam |first1=T. |last2=Shen |first2=G. |last3=Esmaeili |first3=N. |last4=Zhang |first4=H. |date=2023 |title=Plants' Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress |journal=Plants (Basel, Switzerland) |volume=12 |issue=12 |pages=2253 |doi=10.3390/plants12122253 |doi-access=free |pmc=10300796 |pmid=37375879 |bibcode=2023Plnts..12.2253B }}</ref> Kusan kashi 70% na tsibiran sun fara ne a matsayin gidan gwano (kamar Macrotermes spp.), inda bishiyar take samun guri ta tsiro a kan gundumar ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nature explored:Moremi/Okavango Delta in August |url=http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm |last=Dunford |first=C. |access-date=29 May 2020 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055602/http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> === Tsibirin Chief === Tsibirin Chief (19°12′S 22°48′E), tsibiri mafi girma a cikin delta, ya samo asali ne ta hanyar layin fault wanda ya ɗaga wani yanki mai tsayin kilomita 70 da faɗin kilomita 15. A tarihi, an keɓe shi a matsayin gurin farauta na musamman ga sarki, amma yanzu yanki ne mai kariya don namun daji. Yanzu yana ba da babban yanki ga yawancin namun daji da ke zaune a wurin lokacin da ruwa ya tashi.{{cn|date=June 2026}} == Ilimin Ruwa (Hydrology) == Hanyoyin shigowar ruwa na Delta Okavango sun samo asali ne mafi yawanci daga Kogin Okavango, wanda ke samuwa ta hanyar haɗuwar kogunan Cubango da Cuito a Angola kafin ya kwarara ta Namibiya zuwa Botswana. Bayan shiga delta kusa da Mohembo, kogin ya kasu kashi-kashi zuwa hadadden tsarin hanyoyin ruwa, filayen ambaliyar ruwa, tabkuna, da fadamomi na dindindin waɗanda ke dorewa ɗayan mafi girman delta na cikin ƙasa a duniya.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Wolski |first=P. |year=2003 |title=Water flow dynamics in the Okavango River Basin and Delta |journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth |volume=28 |issue=20–27 |pages=1165–1172 |doi=10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=McCarthy |first=T.S. |year=2023 |title=Spatial and temporal controls on the solute behavior of rivers in arid watersheds: The Okavango River |journal=Journal of Hydrology |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129370}}</ref> Manyan hanyoyin rarraba ruwa sun haɗa da tsarin Boro, Maunachira, Thaoge, Santantadibe, Nqoga, da Jao. Waɗannan hanyoyin suna rarraba ruwan ambaliyar lokaci zuwa lokaci a duk faɗin delta, suna haifar da dausayi na dindindin da filayen ambaliyar ruwa waɗanda ke tallafawa rayayyun halittu masu yawa.<ref>{{cite report |title=Okavango River Basin Environmental Flow Assessment: Hydrology Report |year=2009 |publisher=OKACOM}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Gieske |first=A. |year=1997 |title=Modelling outflow from the Jao/Boro River system in the Okavango Delta |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=193 |pages=214–239 |doi=10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03147-2}}</ref> Kusan kashi 96–98% na ruwan da ke shiga delta yana ɓacewa ta hanyar bofewa, shiga cikin ƙasa, da fitar ruwa ta tsimrai, yayin da kaɗan ne kawai ke barin tsarin ta hanyar kogunan Thamalakane da Boteti.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gieske |first=A. |year=1997 |title=Modelling outflow from the Jao/Boro River system in the Okavango Delta |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=193 |pages=214–239 |doi=10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03147-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Wolski |first=P. |year=2003 |title=Water flow dynamics in the Okavango River Basin and Delta |journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth |doi=10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7}}</ref> == Yanayi == [[File:Okavango Delta.jpg|thumb|right|Duba na sararin samaniya na delta lokacin da ruwan ambaliyar ke janyewa, Agusta 2012]] Koren dausayi na Delta ba sakamakon yanayi mai ruwa ba ne; a'a, wani guri ne mai albarka (oasis) a cikin ƙasa mai bushewa. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine milimita 450 (kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yankin da yake samo ruwa a Angola) kuma mafi yawansa yana sauka ne tsakanin Disamba da Maris a cikin nau'in tsawa mai ƙarfi da yamma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Okavango Delta {{!}} Botswana |url=https://www.namibweb.com/okavangodelta.htm |access-date=2026-06-23 |website=www.namibweb.com}}</ref> Disamba zuwa Fabrairu watanni ne masu zafi da ruwa tare da yanayin zafi na rana har zuwa digiri 40 na Celsius, daddare masu ɗumi, da matakan lagumi tsakanin kashi 50 da 80%. Daga Maris zuwa Mayu, yanayin zafi yana raguwa, tare da matsakaicin digiri 30 na Celsius da rana da daddare masu sanyi. Ruwan sama yana kafewa da sauri yana kaiwa ga lokacin rani na hunturu daga Yuni zuwa Agusta. Yanayin zafi na rana a wannan lokacin yana da sanyi zuwa ɗumi, amma yanayin zafi yana raguwa sosai bayan faɗuwar rana. Daddare na iya zama da sanyi sosai a cikin delta, tare da yanayin zafi da kyar yake gaba da daskarewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time |url=https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana |website=Climatestotravel.com |access-date=2020-05-15 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055436/https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana |url-status=live }}</ref> Wani lokaci ana ganin sanyi (frost) a lokacin hunturu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.naturalhistoryfilmunit.com/post/a-year-in-the-okavango-delta |title=A Year in the Okavango Delta|website=Naturalhistoryfilmunit.com}}</ref> Tsakanin Satumba zuwa Nuwamba, zafi da matsin lamba na sararin samaniya suna sake hauhawa, yayin da lokacin rani ke canzawa zuwa lokacin ruwa. Oktoba shine wata mafi wahala ga baƙi: yanayin zafi na rana yawanci yana wuce digiri 40 na Celsius kuma bushewar takan karye ne kawai lokaci zuwa lokaci ta hanyar ruwan sama na ba-zata.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=UNEP-WCMC |date=2017-05-22 |title=OKAVANGO DELTA |url=https://www.yichuans.me/datasheet/output/site/okavango-delta/|access-date=2021-05-17 |website=World Heritage Datasheet |language=en}}</ref> == Dabbobin Delta == [[File:Cheetah at Sunset.jpg|right|thumb|Wani rago (cheetah) a bayyane lokacin faɗuwar rana a cikin delta]] Delta Okavango gida ne na dindindin da na lokaci-lokaci ga dabbobi daban-daban masu yawa.<ref name=jhbradley2/> Dukkanin manyan dabbobi biyar na farauta (big five game), wato zaki, damisa, ɓaunar Afirka, giwar Afirka, baƙar fata da farar karkandan suna nan.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Galpine |first=N. J. |year=2006 |title=Boma management of black and white rhinoceros at Mombo, Okavango Delta — some lessons |journal=Ecological Journal |volume=7 |pages=55−61 |url=https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf |access-date=1 February 2020 |archive-date=7 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207165941/https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Antílopes lechwes (Kobus leche), vista aérea del delta del Okavango, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 27.jpg|thumb|Wani ɗan taƙaitaccen taro na barewar lechwe, Delta Okavango]] Mafi yawan babban dabba mai shayarwa shine jan lechwe, tare da ƙididdiga da ke nuna kusan guda 88,000.<ref>{{cite report |author=Chase, M. |author2=Schlossberg, S. |author3=Landen, K. |author4=Sutcliffe, R. |author5=Seonyatseng, E. |author6=Keitsile, A. |author7=Flyman, M. |year=2018 |title=Dry Season Aerial Survey of Elephants and Wildlife in Northern Botswana |location=Botswana |publisher=Elephants Without Borders, the Department of Wildlife and National Parks and the Great Elephant Census |name-list-style=amp |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307968091}}</ref> Sauran jinsunan sun haɗa da rakumin dawa, wildebeest, jakin dawa, dorina,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=McCarthy |first1=T. S. |last2=Ellery |first2=W. N. |last3=Bloem |first3=A. |year=1998 |title=Some observations on the geomorphological impact of hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius'' L.) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana |journal=African Journal of Ecology |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=44−56 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-2028.1998.89-89089.x|bibcode=1998AfJEc..36...44M}}</ref> impala, eland, kudu, kurege, cheetah,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Klein |first=R. |year=2007 |title=Status report for the cheetah in Botswana |journal=Cat News |volume=Special Issue 1 |pages=13−21 |url=http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf |access-date=1 February 2020 |archive-date=31 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015402/http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> karen daji na Afirka, kura, ɓiri, caracal, serval, damburi, gyatuma, kura-kura, kuregen Afirka, danyen zuma, alledawan daji, bika, biri da kada na Nile.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wallace |first1=K. M. |last2=Leslie |first2=A. J. |year=2008 |title=Diet of the Nile crocodile (''Crocodylus niloticus'') in the Okavango Delta, Botswana |journal=Journal of Herpetology |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=361−368 |doi=10.1670/07-1071.1 |bibcode=2008JHerp..42..361W |s2cid=46987629}}</ref> Delta ɗin tana kuma ɗaukar nau'ikan tsuntsaye sama da 400, gami da zabuwa, gaggafa mai cin kifi na Afirka, mujiya mai cin kifi ta Pel, agwagin Masar, jacana na Afirka, marabou stork, jan baki, da jimina.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Alonso |editor-first=L. E. |editor2-last=Nordin |editor2-first=L.-A. |year=2003 |title=A rapid biological assessment of the aquatic ecosystems of the Okavango Delta, Botswana: High Water Survey |series=RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment |volume=27 |publisher=Conservation International |location=Washington, DC |isbn=1-881173-70-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mbaiwa |first1=J. E. |last2=Mbaiwa |first2=O. I. |year=2006 |title=The effects of veterinary fences on wildlife populations in Okavango Delta, Botswana |journal=International Journal of Wilderness |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=17−41 |hdl=10311/28}}</ref> Tun daga shekara da 2005, ana ɗaukar yankin da aka kare a matsayin Gidan Kare Zaki tare da Gidan shakatawa na Hwange.<ref>{{cite book |author=IUCN Cat Specialist Group |year=2006 |title=Conservation Strategy for the Lion ''Panthera leo'' in Eastern and Southern Africa |publisher=IUCN |location=Pretoria, South Africa}}</ref> Zuwa shekara ta 2019, kusan karkandani 150 ne ke zaune a arewacin Delta Okavango.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Poaching, Natural Causes Decimate Botswana's Rhino Population |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html |work=Voa News |access-date=13 July 2023 |archive-date=13 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713113217/https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Daga 2020 zuwa 2021, masu farautar ba-shari'a sun kashe karkandani 92 a yankin delta wanda hakan ya bar guda 40 kacal, lamarin da ya sa gwamnati ta kwashe waɗancan karkandani daga Delta Okavango.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Botswana Moves Rhinos Out of Okavango Delta as Poaching Worsens |year=2021 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-23/botswana-moves-rhinos-out-of-okavango-delta-as-poaching-worsens |work=Bloomberg |access-date=13 July 2023 |archive-date=22 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122041225/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-23/botswana-moves-rhinos-out-of-okavango-delta-as-poaching-worsens |url-status=live}}</ref> === Kifi === Delta Okavango gida ne ga nau'ikan kifi 71, gami da kifin damisa, nau'ikan tilapia, da nau'ikan tarwada daban-daban. Girman kifi ya fito ne daga tarwada ta Afirka mai tsayin mita 1.4 zuwa sickle barb mai tsayin santimita 3.2. Hakanan irin waɗannan jinsunan suna faruwa a cikin Kogin Zambezi, wanda ke nuna tsohuwar alaƙa tsakanin tsarin kogunan biyu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf |title=The Fishes of the Okavango Delta |work=Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre |year=2007 |access-date=2011-02-02 |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 July 2011 |df=dmy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162829/http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf}}</ref> == Shuke-shuke (Flora) == Delta Okavango gida ne ga shuke-shuke 1068 waɗanda ke cikin iyalai 134 da jinsi (genera) 530.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Ramberg |first=L. |date=2006 |title=Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917 |journal=Aquatic Sciences |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=316 |doi=10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y |bibcode=2006AqSci..68..310R}}</ref> Akwai muhimman rukunonin shuke-shuke guda biyar a cikin fadamar dindindin: Papyrus cyperus a cikin mafi zurfin ruwa, Miscanthus a guraren da ambaliyar ba ta da zurfi, da Phragmites australis, Typha capensis da Pycreus a tsakaninsu. Jinsunan da suka mamaye fadamar, waɗanda galibi ana samunsu a fadamar dindindin, suma yana faɗaɗa zuwa cikin yankunan da ambaliyar ke shafa lokaci-lokaci.<ref name=":0" /> Ciyawar Papyrus cyperus tana girma mafi kyau a cikin ruwa mai kwarara a hankali mai matsakaicin zurfi kuma suna fice sosai a gefen madatsun ruwa. A kan tsibirai da gefen manyan ƙasashe sama da ciyawar ambaliyar ruwa, ana samun rukunoni daban-daban na shuke-shuke. Waɗannan jinsunan suna samuwa ne gwargwadon buƙatarsu ta ruwa: misali Philenoptera violacea yana buƙatar ruwa kaɗan, ana samunsa a mafi tsayin wurare a fadamorin dindindin, kuma ya zama ruwan dare a tsibiran fadamar lokaci-lokaci mafi bushewa. Bishiyoyin da suka takaitu ga tsibirai a cikin fadamar dindindin cakuda ne na bishiyar dabino ta Hyphaene petersiana da acacias.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Toerien |first=D. K. |date=1976 |title=Geologie van die Tsitsikamakusstrook |journal=Koedoe |volume=19 |issue=1 |doi=10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179 |issn=2071-0771 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Shuke-shuken delta suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen hana zaizayar ƙasa. Bankuna ko iyakokin kogi galibi suna da yumbu mai yawa, kuma wannan yana haɗuwa da yashi a cikin kayan kogin don ci gaba da gina bankunan kogin. Kayan kogin a cikin delta kusan gaba ɗaya yashi ne, saboda tsaftataccen ruwan Okavango ya ƙunshi laka ko yumbu kaɗan. Shuke-shuken suna kama yashin, suna aiki kamar manne kuma suna mayurbin rashin laka, kuma a cikin wannan tsari suna ƙirƙirar ƙarin tsibirai waɗanda ƙarin shuke-shuke za su iya yin tushiya a kai.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Nanson |first1=G. C. |title=Rivers and alluvial fans |date=1978 |work=Sedimentology |pages=925–952 |publisher=Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg |doi=10.1007/3-540-31079-7_173 |isbn=978-3-540-31079-2 |last2=Gibling |first2=M. R.}}</ref> == Mutane == [[File:Travesía del delta del Okavango en makoro, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 22.jpg|thumb|Jagoran Hambukushu yana tura makoronsa a kan ruwan ambaliyar delta]] Mutanen Delta Okavango sun ƙunshi ƙabilu biyar, kowanne yana da nasa asalin ƙabila da yare:<ref>{{Cite web |title=OKAVANGO DELTA |url=https://www.botswana-info.com/country/article/296/okavango-delta |access-date=2026-06-23 |website=www.botswana-info.com |archive-date=2026-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260701153533/https://www.botswana-info.com/country/article/296/okavango-delta |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Hambukushu (wanda kuma aka sani da Mbukushu, Bukushu, Bukusu, Mabukuschu, Ghuva, Haghuva), * Dceriku (Dxeriku, Diriku, Gciriku, Gceriku, Giriku, Niriku), * Wayeyi (Bayei, Bayeyi, Yei), * Bugakhwe (Kxoe, Khwe, Kwengo, Barakwena, G|anda) * ||anikhwe (Gxanekwe, ||tanekwe, Mutanen Dajin Kogi, Fadamar Daji, G||ani, ||ani, Xanekwe). Hambukushu, Dceriku, da Wayeyi a al'adance sun shagaltu da harkokin tattalin arziki na haɗin gwiwa da suka haɗa da noman hatsi/dawa, kamun kifi, farauta, tattara abincin shuke-shuken daji, da kiwon dabbobi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-20 |title=Okavango Delta - Living Lakes Network |url=https://livinglakes.org/okavango-delta/ |access-date=2026-06-23 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Bugakhwe da ||anikhwe mutanen daji ne (Bushmen), waɗanda a al'adance suke yin kamun kifi, farauta, da tattara abincin shuke-shuken daji; Bugakhwe sun yi amfani da albarkatun daji da na kogi, yayin da ||anikhwe suka fi mayar da hankali kan albarkatun kogi. Ana samun Hambukushu, Dceriku, da Bugakhwe a gefen Kogin Okavango a Angola da kuma a Caprivi Strip na Namibiya, sannan akwai ƙananan adadin Hambukushu da Bugakhwe a Zambiya ma. A cikin Delta Okavango, cikin shekaru 150 da suka gabata ko makamancin haka, Hambukushu, Dceriku, da Bugakhwe sun zauna a panhandle da Magwegqana a arewa maso gabashin delta. ||anikhwe sun zauna a panhandle da kuma yankin da ke gefen Kogin Boro ta cikin delta, da kuma yankin da ke gefen Kogin Boteti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OKAVANGO DELTA |url=https://www.baruchsafaris.com/de/copy-of-chobe-national-park |access-date=2026-06-23 |website=Baruch Safaris |language=de}}</ref> Wayeyi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wayeyi |url=https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/ |access-date=2021-06-02 |website=Minority Rights Group |date=19 June 2015 |language=en-GB |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215842/https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/ |url-status=live }}</ref> sun zauna a yankin da ke kusa da Seronga da kuma kudancin delta kusa da Maun, kuma kaɗan daga cikin Wayeyi<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Campbell |first1=Alexander Colin |last2=N’teta |first2=Doreen |date=March 1980 |title=The National Museum and Art Gallery, Gaborone, Botswana |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x |journal=Museum International |volume=32 |issue=1–2 |pages=61–66 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x |issn=1350-0775 |access-date=2 June 2021 |archive-date=6 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906044710/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x |url-status=live }}</ref> suna zaune ne a gidan iyaye da kakanninsu a Caprivi Strip. A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata mutane da yawa daga ko'ina cikin Okavango sun yi ƙaura zuwa Maun, a ƙarshen shekarun 1960 da farkon 1970s an tsugunar da 'yan gudun hijira Hambukushu sama da 4,000 daga Angola a yankin da ke kusa da Etsha a yammacin Panhandle. Delta Okavango tana ƙarƙashin ikon siyasa na Batawana (al'ummar Tswana) tun ƙarshen ƙarni na 18.<ref>{{cite web |first=Moanaphuti |last=Segolodi |title=Ditso Tsa Batawana |date=1940 |url=https://www.academia.edu/12170767 |access-date=1 May 2015 |archive-date=6 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306233801/https://www.academia.edu/12170767 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ubangidansu gidan Mathiba I ne ya jagorance su, shugaban wani reshe na Bangwato, Batawana sun kafa cikakken iko a kan delta a cikin shekarun 1850 yayin da cinikin hauren giwa na shiyya ya fashe.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Barry |last=Morton |title=The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880 |journal=South African Historical Journal |volume=36 |year=1997 |pages=220–239 |doi=10.1080/02582479708671276}}</ref> Yawancin Batawana, kodayake, a al'adance sun zauna ne a gefen delta, saboda barazanar da kudan tsando (tsetse fly) ke yi wa shanu su. A lokacin tazarar kusan shekaru 40, kudan tsando ya ja da baya kuma yawancin Batawana sun zauna a fadamomi kaɗan daga 1896 har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1930. Tun daga lokacin, gefen delta ya daɗa samun cunkoso saboda karuwar yawan mutane da dabbobi. == Buɗe Ido da Yawon Buɗe Ido (Tourism) == Dajin Delta Okavango da namun dajinta suna janyo daruruwan dubunnan masu yawon buɗe ido a duk shekara, inda garin Maun ke aiki a matsayin ƙofar shiga yankin.<ref name="odmp-2021">{{cite report |url=https://whc.unesco.org/document/208817 |title=Okavango Delta Management Plan 2021–2028 |date=July 2021 |publisher=Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources, Conservation and Tourism |access-date=12 May 2026}}</ref> Yawon buɗe ido na safari na zamani ya haɓaka a ƙarshen shekarun 1960, lokacin da aka gina sansanonin safari na zamani na farko a cikin delta. Abubuwan yawon buɗe ido tun bayan faɗaɗawa sun haɗa da safaris na masauki masu daraja, safaris masu tafi-da-gidanka, sansanin tuka kai, kallon tsuntsaye, yawo don kallon dabbobi, jiragen sama na kallo, yawo na jagoranci, kamun kifi na nishaɗi, da balaguron kwale-kwale na makoro.<ref name="mbaiwa-2005">{{cite journal |last=Mbaiwa |first=J. E. |year=2005 |title=Enclave tourism and its socio-economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana |url=https://adpbotswana.pbworks.com/f/Enclave%2Btourism%2Band%2Bits%2Bsocio-economic%2Bimpacts.pdf |journal=Tourism Management |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=157–172 |doi=10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005 |access-date=12 May 2026}}</ref> Gaba ɗaya Botswana ta inganta tsarin yawon buɗe ido mai tsada amma na mutane kalilan a yankin Okavango, da nufin iyakance tasiri ga muhalli yayin da ake samun babban kuɗi daga baƙi. Rahoton UNESCO na 2014 ya gano cewa akwai gadajen masu yawon buɗe ido 2,129 a yankin.<ref name="iucn-2014">{{cite report |url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/2014/whc14-38com-inf8B2-en.pdf |title=IUCN Evaluations of Nominations of Natural and Mixed Properties to the World Heritage List |author=International Union for Conservation of Nature |date=April 2014 |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=12 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2017 delta ta karɓi baƙi 52,638, inda 43,363 daga cikinsu 'yan yawon buɗe ido ne na ƙasa da ƙasa sannan 9,275 kuma 'yan ƙasa ne. Wannan ƙaramin sashi ne kawai na 'yan yawon buɗe ido na ƙasa da ƙasa miliyan 1 da Botswana ke karɓa a kowace shekara.<ref name="statsbots-2023">{{cite report |url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Tourism%20Statistics%20Annual%20Report%202023.pdf |title=Tourism Statistics Annual Report 2023 |publisher=Statistics Botswana |access-date=12 May 2026}}</ref> == Molapos (Hanyoyin Ruwa) == [[File:BundPhoto.JPG|thumb|Katangar da ke sarrafa ambaliyar ruwa don noman rani lokacin janyewar ruwa a molapo na Okavango, Botswana]]Bayannan lokacin ambaliya, ruwan da ke ƙananan sassan delta, kusa da gindinsa, yana janyewa, yana barin laushi ko danshi a cikin ƙasa. Ana amfani da wannan ragowar danshi don dasa ciyawar abincin dabbobi (fodder) da sauran amfanin gona da za su iya bunƙasa a kai. Wannan ƙasa an san ta a gida da suna molapo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=kmcgee |date=2023-06-11 |title=June 12: The Okavango Delta - Overland Travel With KMcGee |url=https://overlandwithkmcgee.com/june-12-the-okavango-delta/ |access-date=2026-06-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> A lokacin 1974 zuwa 1978, ambaliyar ta yi ƙarfi fiye da yadda aka saba kuma noman rani lokacin janyewar ruwa bai yiwu ba, don haka aka sami ƙarancin abinci da na abincin dabbobi mai tsanani. A matsayin martani, an ƙaddamar da Aikin Haɓaka Molapo (Molapo Development Project). Ya kare yankunan molapo da katangogi don sarrafa ambaliyar da kuma hana ambaliya mai tsanani. An samar da katangogin da ƙofofin ruwa (sluice gates) ta yadda za a iya sakin ruwan da aka tara kuma a fara noman lokacin janyewar ruwa.<ref>[[File:PD-icon.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] {{cite book |first1=L. F. |last1=Kortenhorst |display-authors=1 |first2=R. J. |last2=Oosterbaan |first3=L. H. |last3=Sprey |year=1986 |title=Development of flood-recession cropping in the molapo's of the Okavango Delta, Botswana |pages=8–19 |publisher=International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement |location=Wageningen, The Netherlands |url=https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf |access-date=11 August 2017 |archive-date=10 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810013033/https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> == Barazanar da ke Tafe == Wata barazana mai yiwuwa ita ce aikin binciken mai da kamfanin ReconAfrica na ƙasar Kanada ke yi. Binciken farko a watan Afrilu 2021 ya bayyana adadin mai a cikin duwatsun sedimentary.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ltd |first=Reconnaissance Energy Africa |title=ReconAfrica's First of Three Wells Confirms a Working Petroleum System in the Kavango Basin, Namibia |url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/reconafrica-s-first-of-three-wells-confirms-a-working-petroleum-system-in-the-kavango-basin-namibia-865139500.html |access-date=2021-04-27 |website=Newswire.ca |language=en |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055430/https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/reconafrica-s-first-of-three-wells-confirms-a-working-petroleum-system-in-the-kavango-basin-namibia-865139500.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Masu fafutukar kare muhalli sun damu cewa aikin zai sami mummunan tasiri ga muhalli kuma wasu daga cikin manyan rukunonin ruwa na iya fuskantar barazana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Big Oil Project in Africa Threatens Fragile Okavango Region |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/a-big-oil-project-in-africa-threatens-the-fragile-okavango-region |access-date=2021-04-27 |website=Yale E360 |language=en-US |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055427/https://e360.yale.edu/features/a-big-oil-project-in-africa-threatens-the-fragile-okavango-region |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-22 |title=Growing concern over Okavango oil exploration as community alleges shutout |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/ |access-date=2021-06-02 |website=Mongabay Environmental News |language=en-US |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055426/https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-12 |title=Test drilling for oil in Namibia's Okavango region poses toxic risk |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk |access-date=2021-04-27 |website=Animals |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143948/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk |url-status=dead }}</ref> ReconAfrica ta bayyana cewa, "Ba za a sami wata barna ga muhallin halittu daga ayyukan da aka tsara ba."<ref>{{cite web |title=Frequently Asked Questions: ReconAfrica Initial Drilling Project |url=https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/ |website=reconafrica.com |access-date=30 April 2021 |archive-date=29 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429185250/https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilson-Spath |first=Andreas |date=2020-12-15 |title=OP-ED: Paradise is closing down: The ghastly spectre of oil drilling and fracking in fragile Okavango Delta |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/ |access-date=2021-06-02 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602220224/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Gwamnatin Namibiya ta gabatar da shirye-shiryen gina tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa (hydropower) a yankin Zambezi, wanda zai daidaita kwararar ruwan Okavango zuwa wani mataki. Yayin da masu goyon baya ke jayayyar cewa tasirin zai kasance kaɗan, masu fafutukar kare muhalli na jayayyar cewa wannan aikin zai iya lalata mafi yawan rukunonin dabbobi da shuke-shuke masu albarka a cikin delta.<ref name="Namibia" /> Sauran barazanar sun haɗa da katsalandan ɗin mutanen gida da kuma kwashe ruwa na shiyya-shiyya a kasashen Angola da Namibiya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.okavangodelta.com/about/threats/ |title=Threats - Okavango Delta |website=Okavangodelta.com |access-date=4 April 2018 |archive-date=22 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222105527/https://www.okavangodelta.com/general-information/threats/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/ |title=Chinese-Angolan project in Angola harvests over 1,200 tons of rice |work=Macauhub English |date=11 March 2016 |access-date=2 November 2016 |archive-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104002158/http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mai shirya fina-finai kuma masanin kiyayewa na Afirka ta Kudu Rick Lomba ya yi gargaɗi a shekarun 1980 game da barazanar mamayar shanu a yankin. Fim ɗinsa na gaskiya (documentary) mai suna The End of Eden ya nuna fafutukarsa a madadin delta ɗin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OKAVANGO DELTA |url=https://www.baruchsafaris.com/de/copy-of-chobe-national-park |access-date=2026-06-23 |website=Baruch Safaris |language=de}}</ref> An yi hasashen cewa yankin da ke tattara ruwan Okavango zai fuskanci raguwar ruwan sama na shekara-shekara da kuma hauhawar yanayin zafi sakamakon dumamar yanayi.<ref>{{cite book |author=ASSAR |year=2019 |title=What global warming of 1.5°C and higher means for Botswana |publisher=Adaptation at Scale in Semi Arid Regions (ASSAR) |url=http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf |access-date=6 August 2019 |archive-date=31 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015657/http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Illolin dumamar yanayi na iya haifar da raguwar filayen ambaliyar ruwa a Delta Okavango, wanda zai sami gagarumin tasiri ga wadatar ruwa gami da kiwon dabbobi da ayyukan noma a yankin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Murray-Hudson |first1=M. |last2=Wolski |first2=P. |last3=Ringrose |first3=S. |date=2006 |title=Scenarios of the impact of local and upstream changes in climate and water use on hydro-ecology in the Okavango Delta, Botswana |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=331 |issue=1 |pages=73–84 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.041 |bibcode=2006JHyd..331...73M}}</ref> Ayyukan kiyayewa da ƙungiyar Conservation International Botswana ke yi a yankin Delta Okavango sun haɗa da ilmantarwa da sa hannu cikin manufofi gami da bincike da sanya idanu kamar binciken namun daji ta sararin samaniya da ayyukan tantance kwayoyin halitta cikin sauri.<ref name="CIBotswanaAbout" /><ref name="WBDGFTechNote2003" /> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} ef057m7u9kkc57luudmap9edkz9uxca 0 160505 892644 878985 2026-08-07T20:52:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892644 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Reflist}}'''Michael Bronski''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 1949) masanin kimiyya ne kuma marubuci na Amurka, wanda aka fi sani da littafinsa na 2011 A Queer History of the United States . Ya kasance yana da hannu cikin siyasar LGBT tun 1969 a matsayin mai fafutuka da mai shirya. Ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa don gwagwarmayar LGBTQ da kuma tallafin karatu, gami da babbar lambar yabo ta Bill Whitehead ta Publishing Triangle don Rayuwa. Bronski farfesa ce a fannin watsa labarai da kuma gwagwarmaya a [[Jami'ar Harvard]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Michael Bronski |url=https://wgs.fas.harvard.edu/people/michael-bronski |access-date=2019-06-08 |website=wgs.fas.harvard.edu |language=en |archive-date=2019-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416133455/https://wgs.fas.harvard.edu/people/michael-bronski |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Tun daga shekara ta 1970, Bronski ya rubuta da yawa game da al'adu, siyasa, fim, wasan kwaikwayo, littattafai, jima'i, al'adun LGBT, da abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu. A matsayinsa na ɗan jarida, mai sukar al'adu da mai sharhi game da siyasa an buga shi a wurare da yawa ciki har da Gay Community News ([[Boston]]), The Village Voice, The Boston Globe, ''GLQ'', The [[Los Angeles]] Times, The ''Boston Phoenix'', Cineaste, Contemporary Women's Writing, Time, The Nation, da Boston Review . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bronski, Michael 1945- {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/bronski-michael-1945 |access-date=2019-06-15 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Authors |url=http://bostonreview.net/author/michael-bronski |access-date=2 May 2020 |website=Boston Review}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 29, 2010 |title=Authors |url=https://www.thenation.com/authors/michael-bronski/ |access-date=2 May 2020 |website=The Nation}}</ref> Binciken nasa ya haɗa da litattafai sama da 50 a cikin litattafan al'adun LGBTQ da siyasa. Ya kasance memba na asali na <nowiki><i id="mwMg">Fag Rag</i></nowiki> Collective daga 1971 zuwa 1998 da kuma Good Gay Poets Collective . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 8, 2018 |title=Good Gay Poets Collective {{!}} The Cambridge Room |url=https://thecambridgeroom.wordpress.com/tag/good-gay-poets-collective/ |access-date=2019-06-08 |language=en}}</ref> Ya kasance memba na kafa ''Boston Gay Review'' . Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tsara shirye-shirye don OutWrite: Taron Littattafan Lesbian da Gay na tsawon shekaru biyar a cikin shekarun 1990. An ba Bronski lambar yabo ta 1995 AIDS Action Committee Community Recognition Award na shekaru 20 na aikin jarida a kan batutuwan da suka shafi gay da [[Kanjamau|Cutar kanjamau]].<ref name="wgs.fas.harvard.edu">{{Cite web |title=Michael Bronski Receives Bill Whitehead Lifetime Achievement Award |url=https://wgs.fas.harvard.edu/news/michael-bronski-receives-bill-whitehead-lifetime-achievement-award |access-date=2019-06-08 |website=wgs.fas.harvard.edu |language=en |archive-date=2019-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608160712/https://wgs.fas.harvard.edu/news/michael-bronski-receives-bill-whitehead-lifetime-achievement-award |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 1996, ya sami lambar yabo ta Cambridge Lavender Alliance Lifetime Achievement Award don aikin jarida da shirya siyasa. An nuna Bronski a cikin BBC's Stage Struck: Gay Theater in the Twentieth Century (1999), PBS's After Stonewall (1999), Cinemax's The Hidden Führer: Tattaunawa da Enigma na Hitler's Sexuality (2004), da Wrangler: gwagwalada Anatomy of an Icon (2008). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Michael Bronski |url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1131290/ |access-date=2019-06-08 |website=IMDb}}</ref> A cikin 1999, Gidauniyar Anderson Prize ta ba Bronski lambar yabo ta Stonewall don nuna godiya ga "taimako inganta rayuwa da mutanen LGBT a Amurka".<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 24, 2011 |title=August 2011 – DGALA {{!}} Dartmouth LGBTQIA+ Alum Association |url=https://dgala.org/2011/08/ |access-date=2019-06-08 |language=en}}</ref> A Queer History of the United States ya lashe lambar yabo ta Lambda Literary da lambar yabo ta Stonewall Book a shekarar 2012. <ref name="Harvard">{{Cite web |title=Harvard |url=https://wgs.fas.harvard.edu/people/michael-bronski |access-date=2026-06-30 |archive-date=2026-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123030509/https://wgs.fas.harvard.edu/people/michael-bronski |url-status=dead }}.</ref> Ya kuma lashe lambobin Lambda Literary Award guda biyu a matsayin editan litattafai, a cikin 1997 don Taking Liberties: Gay Men's Essays on Politics, Culture, & Sex kuma a cikin 2004 don Pulp Friction: Uncovering the Golden Age of Gay Male Pulps . Bronski ya tuntubi abubuwan LGBT kuma ya bincika sakamakon ƙungiyar mai da hankali ga MTV / Logo a cikin 2014 kuma ya rubuta tarihin rayuwa goma na sanannun tarihin LGBT don shirye-shiryen MTV / Lago Yuni Pride Month a cikin shekarar 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=James Michael |date=2017-06-03 |title=Celebrate Pride Month With Logo's Beautiful Animations Of Historic LGBTQ Icons |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/pride-lgbtq-icons-logo_n_5932d126e4b075bff0f3e6bb |access-date=2019-06-08 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2017, shi ne mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Bill Whitehead ta Publishing Triangle don Rayuwa. <ref name="wgs.fas.harvard.edu"/> Wadanda suka samu lambar yabo a baya sun hada da Audre Lorde, Martin Duberman, da Alison Bechdel . Ya kasance babban malami a cikin Nazarin Mata da Jima'i da kuma gwagwalada Nazarin Yahudawa a Kwalejin Dartmouth, inda aka ba shi lambar yabo ta Malami mai ban sha'awa ta 2008 da lambar yabo ta Jagora ta 2004 daga Dartmouth Gay and Lesbian Alumni Association . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oct 2011 |first=Michael Bronski {{!}} Sept- |title=America Is Queer |url=https://dartmouthalumnimagazine.com/articles/america-queer |access-date=2019-06-08 |website=Dartmouth Alumni Magazine |language=en}}</ref> A halin yanzu shi ne Farfesa na Ayyuka a cikin Media da Activism a cikin Nazarin Mata, Jima'i, da Jima'a a [[Jami'ar Harvard]].<ref name="Harvard"/> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Bronski ta zauna a Cambridge, [[Massachusetts]], tun shekara ta 1971. Ya kasance abokin tarayya na mawaki na Amurka Walta Borawski, wanda ya mutu a shekarar 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Michael Bronski and Walta Borawski. Cambridge, MA. |url=https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/5e66b3e8-7c93-d471-e040-e00a180654d7 |access-date=22 September 2017}}</ref> == Ayyukan da aka buga == === Littattafai === * Rikicin Al'adu: Yin Jin Jin Gabatarwa na Gay (South End Press, 1984) * Ka'idar Nishaɗi: Jima'i, Rashin Jima'a da Yakin 'Yanci na Gay (St. Martin's Press, 1998) * Pulp Friction: Bayyana Zamanin Zinariya na Gay Male Pulps (St. Martin's Press, 2003) * ''Tarihin Queer na Amurka'' (Beacon Press, 2011) * Kuna iya faɗar kawai ta hanyar kallo: da wasu tatsuniyoyi 20 game da rayuwar LGBT da mutane (wanda aka rubuta tare da Ann Pellegrini da Michael Amico, Beacon Press, 2013) * ''Yin la'akari da Ƙiyayya: Rikicin, Nagarta, da Adalci a Al'adun Amurka da Siyasa'' (wanda aka rubuta tare da Kay Whitlock, Beacon Press, 2015) * ''Tarihin Queer na Amurka don Matasa'' (Beacon Press, Boston, 2019) === Littattafan da aka gyara === * Samun 'Yanci: Rubutun maza masu luwadi a kan Siyasa, Al'adu, & Jima'i (Editor, Masquerade Books, New York, 1996) * Rayuwa mai banƙyama: Bayanan marayu na Lesbians da Gay Men. (Mai ba da shawara, Visible Ink, 1997.) * ''Tarihin Gay da Lesbian'' (Edita mai ba da shawara, Gale Research, 1997) * ''Flashpoint: Rubuce-rubucen jima'i na namiji'' (Editor, Masquerade Books, New York, 1997) * Ra'ayoyin Queer / Jerin Ayyukan Queer (Beacon Press, 2007-2013) * Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual da Transgender History: Critical Readings Vol. 1-4 (Bloomsbury, 2019) == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://wgs.fas.harvard.edu/people/michael-bronski Michael Bronski] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123030509/https://wgs.fas.harvard.edu/people/michael-bronski |date=2026-01-23 }} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mt74kn1go6d98lw88e84g2f09jfznwt 0 160529 892799 889238 2026-08-08T09:39:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892799 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Reflist}} [[Fayil:Ouissem_Belgacem_-_Mars_2022_-_03.jpg|alt=Ouissem is sitting on a chair on stage and speaking into a microphone; behind him is the poster of the event "Rencontres de l'Égalité"; He is wearing a black t-shirt and blue jeans|thumb|Ouissem Belgacem a lokacin da aka yi wa LGBTphobia maraice, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rencontres de l'Égalité 2022]] '''Ouissem Belgacem''' (Arabic; an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1988) tsohon dan wasan Faransa ne kuma marubuci ne na asalin Tunisiya. Ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Toulouse FC daga shekara 13 zuwa 18.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The story of Ouissem Belgacem |url=https://www.theredcard.eu/news/the-story-of-ouissem-belgacem/ |access-date=2023-08-01 |website=The Red Card |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801113153/https://www.theredcard.eu/news/the-story-of-ouissem-belgacem/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya wallafa littafin kansa na farko, Adieu ma honte, a cikin shekarar 2021. Belgacem sau da yawa yana wayar da kan jama'a game da homophobia a fagen [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]], wanda dole ne ya bar shi don ya rayu da jima'i kyauta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ouissem Belgacem on growing up gay in French football, turning shame into Pride, and fighting homophobia |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/story-telling/11095/12337686/ouissem-belgacem-on-growing-up-gay-in-french-football-turning-shame-into-pride-and-fighting-homophobia |access-date=2023-08-01 |website=Sky Sports |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Belgacem a shekara ta 1988 a unguwar Aix-en-Provence a Faransa. A cikin iyalinsa na asalin [[Tunisiya|Tunisian]], shi ne ƙarami, tare da 'yan'uwa mata huɗu. Kwallon ƙafa ya yaudare shi kuma ya fara wasa a matsayin mai tsaron gida a kungiyoyi na gida kafin cibiyar horar da Toulouse FC (TFC) ta hango shi yana da shekaru 13. Tun lokacin da Belgacem ya shiga TFC, ya yi aiki don zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa yayin da yake ɓoye ɗan luwaɗi yayin da ya fahimci cewa filin ba zai yarda da shi ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ouissem Belgacem : pour que la honte change de camp |url=https://www.haute-garonne.fr/actualite/ouissem-belgacem |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=Haute-Garonne |language=fr |archive-date=2022-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812035151/https://www.haute-garonne.fr/actualite/ouissem-belgacem |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kuma ji wannan homophobia lokacin da ya taka leda a tawagar kasar Tunisia don gasar cin [[Gasar cin kofin Afrika|Kofin Kasashen Afirka]] ta shekarar 2004 da wasu kungiyoyi a Amurka:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal Belgian FA |url=https://www.rbfa.be/en/news/taboo-around-homosexuality-world-football |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=www.rbfa.be}}</ref><blockquote>Kowace rana, zan bar ɗakina, in saka abin rufe fuska, kuma in yi aiki a matsayin mutum madaidaici. Yana da gajiyar yin wannan kowace rana. - Ouissem Belgacem <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ouissem Belgacem : pour que la honte change de camp |url=https://www.haute-garonne.fr/actualite/ouissem-belgacem |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=Haute-Garonne |language=fr |archive-date=2022-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812035151/https://www.haute-garonne.fr/actualite/ouissem-belgacem |url-status=dead }}</ref></blockquote>Saboda haka, ya girma yana jin kunya kuma yana tabbatar da ɓoye luwadi wanda ya sa ya yi baƙin ciki kuma ya tura shi ya bar mafarkinsa na zama ɗan wasa mai sana'a.<ref name=":0"/> == Ayyukansa bayan kwallon kafa == Daga nan sai Belgacem ya koma [[Landan]] inda bai ji kunya game da jima'i ba.<ref name=":0"/> Yanzu a bayyane yake ɗan luwaɗi, ya buga tarihin kansa, Adieu ma honte, a cikin 2021 don tayar da tattaunawa game da homophobia a fagen wasanni. A cikin wannan littafi na farko, Belgacem ya bayyana wahalar karɓar luwadi yayin da yake zaune a cikin unguwar ma'aikata, yana girma a cikin iyalin [[Musulmi]], da kuma ci gaba a fagen kwallon kafa.<ref name="ladepeche.fr">{{Cite web |title=Toulouse : six mois après son coming out, l'ancien espoir Ouissem Belgacem au TFC pour sensibiliser contre l'homophobie |url=https://www.ladepeche.fr/2021/11/04/toulouse-six-mois-apres-son-coming-out-lancien-espoir-ouissem-belgacem-au-tfc-pour-sensibiliser-contre-lhomophobie-9909073.php |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=ladepeche.fr |language=fr}}</ref> Ya ba da tsoma baki a cikin abubuwan da suka faru game da homophobia a kwallon kafa tun lokacin da aka saki littafinsa; gami da abubuwan da suka shafi 'yan wasan TFC, 'yan wasan Amiens SC, da membobin kulob din daidaito a Lycée intercommunal Darius-Milhaud a Kremlin-Bicêtre.<ref name="ladepeche.fr" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2021 |title=Homosexualité dans le football : à Amiens, l'ancien joueur Ouissem Belgacem prône la tolérance auprès des jeunes |url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/hauts-de-france/somme/amiens/homosexualite-dans-le-football-a-amiens-l-ancien-joueur-ouissem-belgacem-prone-la-tolerance-aupres-des-jeunes-2313067.html |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=France 3 Hauts-de-France |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=à 18h16 |first=Par Gérald Moruzzi Le 19 avril 2022 |date=2022-04-19 |title=Homophobie, sexisme, cyberharcèlement... Au Kremlin-Bicêtre, des lycéens ouvrent "un espace de parole libre" |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/val-de-marne-94/homophobie-sexisme-cyberharcelement-au-kremlin-bicetre-des-lyceens-ouvrent-un-espace-de-parole-libre-19-04-2022-TZ3HREBG6VFSPKZZ3Y45VE6KTA.php |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=leparisien.fr |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Belgacem kuma shine mai mallakar gwagwalada kamfanin OnTrack Sport wanda ke tallafawa manyan 'yan wasa a cikin gudanar da ayyukansu bayan aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-19 |title=Chronique. " Adieu ma honte " : un livre pour guérir les hommes de leur surplus de virilité |url=http://www.paris-normandie.fr/id194090/article/2021-05-19/chronique-adieu-ma-honte-un-livre-pour-guerir-les-hommes-de-leur-surplus-de |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=Paris-Normandie |language=fr}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * Kyautar tarihin rayuwa, a Prix du roman gay 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=L. Bigorra, Ouissem Belgacem, Guillaume Cizeron et Mohamed Mbougar Sarr récompensés par les prix du roman gay 2021 |url=https://www.livreshebdo.fr/article/l-bigorra-ouissem-belgacem-guillaume-cizeron-et-mohamed-mbougar-sarr-recompenses-par-les |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=Livres Hebdo |language=fr}}</ref> == Ayyuka == * Ouissem Belgacem da [[Eléonore Gurrey]], Adieu ma honte, Paris, Fayard, 2021. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] stjfkunm7xe0hv1q4y9eolrp7rkk1z9 0 160861 892716 888912 2026-08-08T02:28:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Máté Bella''' (Hungarian: Bella Máté, {{IPA|hu|ˈmaːteː ˈbɛlːɒ|}}; born 28 November 1985)<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Bella, Máté Biography |url=https://www.umpemb.com/en-US/Composers/B/Bella-Mate.aspx |access-date=17 April 2025 |website=Universal Music Publishing Editio Musica Budapest}}</ref> is a Hungarian composer and university professor at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music in Hungary.<ref name="Máté Bella">{{Cite web |title=Máté Bella |url=https://uni.lisztacademy.hu/teaching-staff/bella-mate-1458 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Zeneakademia.hu |language=en}}</ref> He has worked across multiple genres of music, including classical contemporary, [[opera]], choir, musicals, theater music and pop music.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Universal Music Publishing Editio Musica Budapest (UMP EMB) |url=https://www.umpemb.com/en-US/Composers/B/Bella-Mate.aspx |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=www.umpemb.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-29 |title=Máté Bella, Composer - Performances on Operabase |url=https://www.operabase.com/mate-bella-a104897/en |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Operabase |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Máté Bella a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 1985 a [[Budapest]], Hungary . Bella ya fara karatunsa na kiɗa a makarantar firamare ta Ferenc Erkel don kiɗa . Daga baya ya halarci makarantar Weiner Leó Secondary Music School a [[Budapest]], inda ya kware a cikin abun da ke ciki da Piano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Universal Music Publishing Editio Musica Budapest (UMP EMB) |url=https://www.umpemb.com/en-US/Composers/B/Bella-Mate.aspx |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=www.umpemb.com |language=en}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da karatunsa na kiɗa tsakanin 2002 da 2006 a Cibiyar Kiɗa ta Béla Bartók, inda ya mai da hankali kan abun da ke ciki a ƙarƙashin [[Jagora]] Miklós Kocsár . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Máté Bella |url=https://lfze.hu/archivum/mate-bella-108465 |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=lfze.hu |language=hu}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa a shekara ta 2006, an shigar da shi a Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Franz Liszt, inda ya kammala karatunsa na shekara ta 2011.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Máté Bella – Biography |url=http://www.matebella.com/en/biography |access-date=2022-04-16 |website=www.matebella.com |archive-date=2022-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704155854/http://www.matebella.com/en/biography |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2013, ya yi semester a Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Krzysztof Penderecki a Kraków a kan tallafin Erasmus . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Máté Bella - Bio |url=https://matebella.com/en/bio-en/ |access-date=17 April 2025}}</ref> An ba Máté tallafin karatu don Sabon Shirin Kwarewar Kasa a cikin 2017, kuma a cikin 2018, ya sami digiri na ''summa cum laude'' . <ref name=":1" /> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2009, ya lashe gasar New Hungarian Music Forum, wanda Müpa Budapest da Cibiyar Kiɗa ta Budapest suka shirya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2009 |title=Hungarian New Music Forum 2009 Composers' Competition Final Gala Concert |url=https://www.mupa.hu/en/program/classical-music-opera-theatre/hungarian-new-music-forum-2009-composers-competition-final-gala-concert-2009-01-12_19-00-bbnh |publisher=mupa.hu}}</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan amincewar ƙungiyarsa Chuang Tzu's Dream ta Majalisar Kiɗa ta Duniya a [[Lisbon]] a cikin 2010. <ref name="irc">{{Cite web |title=IRC Results over the past years (1993–2014) |url=http://www.imc-cim.org/component/content/article/142-programmes/irc/198-irc-results-over-the-past-years.html |access-date=30 April 2019 |publisher=imc-cim.org |archive-date=20 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220183706/http://www.imc-cim.org/component/content/article/142-programmes/irc/198-irc-results-over-the-past-years.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> London Sinfonietta ce ta yi wannan yanki. A wannan shekarar ya zama mawaki na farko da ya karbi lambar yabo ta Junior Prima, wanda ke girmama mutane a ƙarƙashin 30 don nasarori masu ban mamaki a fannoni daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2017 |title=Three Former SZTE Students Awarded the Junior Prima Prize |url=https://www.u-szeged.hu/news-and-events/2017/three-former-szte}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=MTI |author-link=Magyar Távirati Iroda |title=Átadták a Junior Prima zeneművészeti díjakat |url=https://kulturpart.hu/2010/11/25/atadtak_a_junior_prima_zenemuveszeti_dijakat |publisher=Kultúrpart.hu |language=Hungarian}}</ref> A shekara ta 2011, daya daga cikin waƙoƙinsa, wanda aka rubuta don wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hungary, ya lashe kyautar masu sukar gidan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref name="Máté Bella"/> Ya sami lambar yabo ta Erkel Ferenc a shekarar 2016 da kuma lambar yabo ta Bartók-Pásztory a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Máté Bella: Classical music is closer to catharsis, popular music is closer to ecstasy |url=https://uni.lisztacademy.hu/news/mate-bella-classical-music-is-closer-to-catharsis-popular-music-is-closer-to-ecstasy-121047 |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=uni.lisztacademy.hu |language=en}}</ref> Waƙarsa ''Mostantól'' (Daga Yanzu), wanda aka rubuta tare da Gergő Rácz, ya lashe gasar A Dal 2020, ya sami lambar yabo ta Petőfi Music Award for Song of the Year da kuma kyautar Fonogram na Hungary don Mafi kyawun Kundin Pop / Rock na zamani na Hungary ko Rubuce-rubuce na Shekara. <ref name="SoY2020">{{Cite web |date=7 March 2020 |title=Gergő Rácz and Reni Orsovai won the Dal 2020 |url=https://engnews24h.com/gergo-racz-and-reni-orsovai-won-the-dal-2020/ |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=engnews24h.com |archive-date=5 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260705111115/https://engnews24h.com/gergo-racz-and-reni-orsovai-won-the-dal-2020/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Fonogram2020">{{Cite web |last=Zoltán Zsiray-Rummer |date=23 April 2020 |title=Bella Máté: A komolyzene a katarzishoz áll közelebb, a könnyűzene az eksztázishoz |url=https://lfze.hu/hirek/bella-mate-a-komolyzene-a-katarzishoz-all-kozelebb-a-konnyuzene-az-eksztazishoz-120845 |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher= |language=Hungarian}}</ref> A shekara ta 2025, ya lashe lambar yabo ta Artisjus a cikin rukunin 'Aikin Kiɗa na Karshe na Shekara' don waƙarsa The Cheerleaders . Bella memba ne na Kwamitin Artisjus na Masu sukar Kiɗa na gargajiya, <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2019 |title=Komolyzenei SZVB tagjai |url=http://www.artisjus.hu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/szvb_komoly_aktualis.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426230240/http://www.artisjus.hu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/szvb_komoly_aktualis.pdf |archive-date=26 April 2019 |access-date=17 May 2019 |website=artisjus.hu |language=Hungarian}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Masu Rubuce-rubuce na Hungary, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Máté Bella |url=http://www.hungaropus.hu/memberprofile.php?id=5653&lang=en |access-date=17 May 2019 |website=hungaropus.hu }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> da kuma sashen 'Musician / Composer' na Ƙungiyar Kwalejin Fim ta Hungary. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members |url=http://www.magyarfilmakademia.hu/en/members |access-date=17 May 2019 |website=magyarfilmakademia.hu |archive-date=28 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428220900/http://magyarfilmakademia.hu/en/members |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har ila yau, shi ne wanda ya kafa Studio 5, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta zamani da aka kafa a cikin 2016. <ref name=":0"/> Daga 2019 zuwa 2024, ya yi aiki a matsayin babban malami a Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Franz Liszt kuma ya kasance Mataimakin farfesa tun 2024, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Máté Bella {{!}} Gradus Artist |url=https://www.gradusartist.com/en/artists/bella-mate/ |access-date=17 April 2025 |website=Gradus Artist}}</ref> kuma ya ba da izini a 2025. == Babban ayyukan == === Waƙoƙin ɗakin === {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: #d4e6e5;" width="450px" |- style="background:#d4e6e5;" ! width="80%" |Ayyuka ! width="20%" |Shekara |- |''Mafarki na Butterfly'' |2005 |- |''Haɗarin Zuciya'' |2006 |- |''Tango na gwauraye da aka yaudare'' |2007 |- |''Saƙo, Saƙo 02'' |2007 |- |''Gabatarwa'' |2007 |- |''Rashin barci'' |2008 |- |''Rashin barci - sharhi'' |2008 |- |''Silk'' |2008 |- |''Asirin'' |2009 |- |''Wani abu ya faru...'' |2009 |- |''Bayyanawa'' |2010 |- |''... a cikin aljanna'' |2010 |- |''Al'ada'' |2010 |- |''Nazarin'' |2011 |- |''Ra'ayoyi'' |2012 |- |''Fantasma'' |2013 |- |''Varródermia'' |2018 |- |''Titan'' |2020 |- |''Tallafi'' |2020 |- |''Aeolus'' |2021 |- |''A ƙarƙashin Dare mai Taurari'' |2021 |- |''Daga Agnete'' |2021 |- |''Ɗaya daga cikin lokaci'' |2022 |- |''Yahuza'' |2022 |- |''Jirgin Sama'' |2024 |- |''White Chaconne'' |2024 |- |''Bayan Ruwan Sama'' |2025 |- |''Tsuntsu mai ban sha'awa'' |2025 |} {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: #d4e6e5;" width="450px" |- style="background:#d4e6e5;" ! width="80%" |Ayyuka ! width="20%" |Shekara |- |''Daidaitawa'' |2007 |- |''Mafarkin Chuang Tzu'' |2008 |- |''Tashin hankali'' |2013 |- |''Ra'ayoyi'' |2013 |- |''Rashin hanzari'' |2014 |- |''Laniakea'' |2015 |- |''Hesperus'' |2017 |- |''Masu gaisuwa'' |2024 |} === Ayyukan kiɗa === ==== Waƙoƙi don ƙungiyar mawaƙa ==== {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: #d4e6e5;" width="450px" |- style="background:#d4e6e5;" ! width="80%" |Work ! width="20%" |Year |- |''The Night's Monologue'' |2011 |- |''Suite'' |2012 |- |''Sounds of Generation Y'' |2015 |- |''Tabula Smaragdina'' |2018 |- |''Sounds of Generation Y Part II'' |2018 |- |''Love of Hephaestus'' |2023 |- |''Celestial Pathways'' |2025 |} {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: #d4e6e5;" width="450px" |- style="background:#d4e6e5;" ! width="80%" |Ayyuka ! width="20%" |Shekara |- |''Bari mu bar'' |2014 |- |''Game da Lokaci'' |2023 |- |''Bayan ruwan sama (don ƙungiyar mawaƙa da piano) '' |2025 |- |''Ave Maria (don soprano da ƙungiyar mawaƙa) '' |2025 |} === Waƙoƙin murya === ==== Ayyukan mawaƙa ==== {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: #d4e6e5;" width="450px" |- style="background:#d4e6e5;" ! width="80%" |Ayyuka ! width="20%" |Shekara |- |''Zaman Lafiya'' |2013 |- |''Gida da Dare'' |2014 |- |''Lacrimosa'' |2015 |- |''Waƙoƙi na Har abada'' |2020 |- |''Ya kasance daga cikin mutanen da ke zaune'' |2021 |- |''Waƙar bazara'' |2023 |- |''Ya mutu Irae'' |2024 |} {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: #d4e6e5;" width="450px" |- style="background:#d4e6e5;" ! width="80%" |Ayyuka ! width="20%" |Shekara |- |''Farkawar bazara'' |2012<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bella: A tavasz ébredése / Solti: La Violetta |url=http://www.opera.hu/v/bella-a-tavasz-ebredese-solti-la-violetta/ |access-date=17 May 2019 |website=opera.hu |language=Hungarian |archive-date=17 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517111611/http://www.opera.hu/v/bella-a-tavasz-ebredese-solti-la-violetta/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''Karramawa na Poppea''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Claudio Monteverdi – Máté Bella L'incoronazione di Poppea (The Coronation of Poppea) |url=http://www.opera.hu/musor/megtekint/poppea-megkoronazasa-2019/?lan=en |access-date=17 May 2019 |website=opera.hu }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />^{(''L'incoronazione di Poppea'')} |2019 |} ==== Waƙoƙi ==== {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: #f9edd0;" width="450px" |- style="background:#f9edd0;" ! width="50%" |Taken ! width="35%" |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ! width="10%" |Farko |- |''Wanene F**k shine Lady Domina?'' |Kwalejin Wasan kwaikwayo da Fim, Budapest |2009 |- |''Fiye da Jima'i'' |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farfajiyar, London |2010 |- | rowspan="2" |''Kyanwa Aljanu'' |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Madách, Budapest |2010 |- |Budapest Operetta da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa |2018 |- |''<nowiki/>'yanci >>>>'' |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Erkel, Budapest |2023 |} ==== Waƙoƙi ==== {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: #f9edd0;" width="450px" |- style="background:#f9edd0;" ! width="50%" |Taken ! width="35%" |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ! width="10%" |Farko |- |''Aria na 'yar Miller''<br />^{(''A molnárlány áriája'')} |Sandor Weöres |2008 |- |''Waƙar Gaggawa ta Botond''<br /><small> (''Botond vészdala'') </small> |Attila Havasi |2010 |- |''[shekara da yawa]'' |Orsolya Karafiáth |2012 |- |''Ga Ba a sani ba''<br /><small> (Mafin da ya fi dacewa) </small> |Sandor Weöres |2013 |- |''Ave Maria'' |Rubutun Liturgical |2024 |} ==== Waƙoƙin pop ==== {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: #eabbc4;" width="450px" |- style="background:#eabbc4;" ! width="50%" |Taken ! width="35%" |Masu zane-zane ! width="10%" |Bugawa |- |''Dole ne in tashi''<br />^{(''Valami más'')} |Lilla Polyák<ref>{{YouTube|qCqkdPvwKsY|Lilla Polyák – Valami más}} a LillaPolyakVEVO YouTube channel – 25 July 2013</ref> |2013 |- |''Ba zai iya Ƙarewa ba'' |Wauta<ref>{{YouTube|RSwpiklXdL4|Fool Moon: It Can't Be Over – A Dal 2014 döntő}} ''A DAL Eurovíziós Dalfesztivál / Eurovision Hungary'' YouTube channel – 25 February 2014</ref> |2014 |- |''Bolondod Volta'' |Gergő Rácz, Ív <ref name="RaczYT">{{YouTube|qT8rOlFF7yU|Rácz Gergő x Ív – Bolondod voltam Sante Cruze Remix (Official Video)}} Rácz Gergő YouTube channel – 7 March 2017</ref> |2016 |- |''Emlékkép'' |Tibor Kocsis<ref name="KocsisYT">{{YouTube|DqSQFj1XT_0|KOCSIS TIBOR – Emlékkép}} ''GoldRecord Hungary'' YouTube channel – 14 November 2016</ref> |2016 |- |''Ka fashe lambar da na yi'' |Reni Tolvai |2017<ref>{{YouTube|EfqGkHyFtDU|Tolvai Reni – CRACK MY CODE (EUROVISION TOP30)}} a Tolvai Reni Official YouTube channel – 16 December 2017</ref> |- |''Everest'' |Reni Tolvai |2017<ref>{{YouTube|ZvYHDL75_es|Tolvai Reni – EVEREST}} a Tolvai Reni Official YouTube channel – 18 December 2017</ref> |- |''Mostantól''<br />^{(''From Now On'')} |Gergő Rácz,Reni Orsovai<br /> |2019<ref>{{YouTube|5jmJlN2A1Hw|Rácz Gergő x Orsovai Reni – Mostantól (A Dal 2020 győztes dala)}} Rácz Gergő YouTube channel – 18 November 2019</ref> |- |''Maradj'' |Lilla Polyák |2021 |- |''Tubisoda'' |Gergő Rácz |2025 |} {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: #f9edd0;" width="450px" |- style="background:#f9edd0;" ! width="50%" |Taken ! width="35%" |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ! width="10%" |Farko |- |''Gwauraye''<br />^{(''Özvegyek'')} |Kwalejin Wasan kwaikwayo da Fim, Budapest |2007 |- |''Berzsian da Dideki''<br />^{(''Berzsián és Dideki'')} |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa, Budapest |2009 |- |''Ƙaunar da Ƙauna''<br />^{(''Ármány és Szerelem'')} |Müpa Budapest, Budapest |2009 |- |''Bikin Hungary''<br />^{(''Magyar Ünnep'')} |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa, Budapest |2010 |- |''Mephisto'' |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa, Budapest |2013 |- |''Mutuwar Danton''<br />^{(''Danton halála'')} |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Comedy, Budapest |2013 |- |''Mugun Ruhu Lumpazivagabundus''<br />^{(''Lumpáciusz Vagabundusz'')} |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Comedy, Budapest |2014 |- |''Rashin Amfani da Ba shi da Amfani''<br />^{(''A képzelt beteg'')} |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Budapest, Budapest |2016 |- |''Frau Holle''<br />^{(''Holle anyó'')} |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Budapest, Budapest |2017 |- | | | |} === Hotunan fina-finai === {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: BlanchedAlmond;" width="450px" |- style="background:BlanchedAlmond;" ! width="55%" |Taken ! width="35%" |Kasar, Daraktan jinsi; Mai gabatarwa (s) {{Clear}}<small>Darakta; Mai gabatarwa</small> ! width="10%" |Ranar |- |''Indiyawan''<ref>{{YouTube|ArnvhzL5BZ0|INDIAN (Teljes film magyarul)(FULL MOVIE – Hungarian w. English Subt.)}} István P. Szabó YouTube channel – 22 April 2014</ref> |Fim din bala'i na Hungary <small>István P. Szabó; Placebo Stars, Sparks</small>{{Clear}} |2013 |- |''Kawai Ka Mutu''<br />^{(''Halj már meg!''<ref>{{YouTube|Mm_XdM1WxvI|Halj már meg! (16) hivatalos magyar előzetes}} Big Bang Media YouTube channel – 4 November 2016</ref>)} |Fim din Hungary <small>Zoltán Kamondi; FocusFox Studio, Honeymood Films</small>{{Clear}} |2016 |} == Bayanan da aka yi == {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium;" width="95%" |- style="background:#eaeafa;" |+Kundin da aka tara ! width="25%" |Ayyuka ! width="35%" |Album ! width="10%" |Mai bugawa ! width="5%" |Shekara ! width="25%" |Sauran |- | colspan="2" |''Máté Bella: Jin ciki / Stimmungen'' |TON 4 Rubuce-rubuce |2005 | |- |''Saƙoƙi''{{Clear}}''Saƙo 02'' |''Matasan Hungary Masu Rubuce-rubuce don Cimbalom''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fiatal magyar zeneszerzők cimbalomművei |url=https://info.bmc.hu/index.php?node=artists&table=CD&id=2088 |publisher=info.bmc.hu}}</ref> |Hungaroton |2009 |Beáta Móri |- |''Mafarkin Chuang Tzu'' |''Sabon Taron Kiɗa na Hungary 2009 Gasar mawaƙa''<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2010 |title=UMZF 2009 zeneszerzőverseny – Promóciós CD |url=https://info.bmc.hu/hirek/59 |publisher=info.bmc.hu |language=Hungarian}}</ref> |BMC HMIC |2010 |CD 1 |- | colspan="2" |''Classics na zamani I: Halin'' |Erwin Pitsch Publishing / TON 4 Records |2012 | |- | colspan="2" |''Valami da yawa'' (daya) |Kiɗa na Sony |2013 |Lilla Polyák |- | colspan="2" |Ba za a iya wucewa ba (kislemez) <ref>{{YouTube|QJI1PRUIL8U|Fool Moon – It can't be over (dalszöveggel – lyric video)}} Zeneszöveg.hu YouTube channel – 22 February 2014</ref> |Buga Kiɗa na Schubert |2014 |Wauta |- |''Emlékkép''<ref name="KocsisYT">{{YouTube|DqSQFj1XT_0|KOCSIS TIBOR – Emlékkép}} ''GoldRecord Hungary'' YouTube channel – 14 November 2016</ref> |''3'' |GoldRecord Hungary |2016 |Tibor Kocsis |- | colspan="2" |''Bolondod Voltam (Sante Cruze Remix) (Feat. Ív) '' (ɗaya) <ref name="RaczYT">{{YouTube|qT8rOlFF7yU|Rácz Gergő x Ív – Bolondod voltam Sante Cruze Remix (Official Video)}} Rácz Gergő YouTube channel – 7 March 2017</ref> |Buga Kiɗa na Schubert |2016 |Gergő Rácz, Ív |- | colspan="2" |Kashe lambar ta (daya) |Magneoton |2018 |Reni Tolvai |- | colspan="2" |''Everest'' (daya) |Magneoton |2018 |Reni Tolvai |- |Sautin sauti | |Máté Bella |2026 |Cantemus Mixed Choir |} == Kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka na gasa == * Kyautar Junior Prima (2010) * Kyautar Istvánffy Benedek (Mafin Chuang Tzu, 2010) * Mafi kyawun kiɗa na gidan wasan kwaikwayo - Kyautar Masu sukar gidan wasan kwaikwayo (Magyar Jug, 2011) * Kyautar Istvánffy Benedek (A ''Tavasz ébredése'', 2013) <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2011 |title=2010/2011 – Színikritikusok Díja |url=https://kritikusceh.wordpress.com/szinikritikusok-dija/20102011-2/ |access-date=30 April 2019 |publisher=kritikusceh.wordpress.com |language=Hungarian}}</ref> * Junior Classical Composer of the Year Artisjus Prize (2015) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Bella Máté – Artisjus-díj |url=https://www.artisjus.hu/artisjus-dijak/bella-mate/ |publisher=artisjus.hu |language=Hungarian}}</ref> * Kyautar Ferenc Erkel (2016) <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2016 |title=Balog Zoltán állami művészeti díjakat és miniszteri szakmai díjakat adott át |url=http://www.kormany.hu/hu/emberi-eroforrasok-miniszteriuma/hirek/balog-zoltan-allami-muveszeti-es-miniszteri-szakmai-dijakat-adott-at-2016 |access-date=30 April 2019 |publisher=kormany.hu |language=Hungarian}}</ref> * Kyautar Béla Bartók-Ditta Pásztory (2019) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bella Máté, Boldoczki Gábor és Konrád György az idei Bartók–Pásztory-díjasok |url=https://zeneakademia.hu/hirek/bella-mate-boldoczki-gabor-es-konrad-gyorgy-az-idei-bartokpasztory-dijasok-118492 |access-date=30 April 2019 |website=Zeneakademia.hu |language=Hungarian}}</ref> * Kyautar kiɗa ta Petőfi don Waƙar Shekara (''Mostantól'', 2020) <ref name="SoY2020"/> * Kyautar Kiɗa ta Hungary Kyautar Fonogram don Mafi kyawun Kundin Pop-rock na zamani na Hungary ko Rubuce-rubuce na Shekara (''Mostantól'', 2020) <ref name="Fonogram2020"/> * Kyautar Artisjus - Ayyukan Kiɗa na gargajiya na Shekara (The Cheerleaders, 2025) === Kyaututtukan gasa === * Kyauta ta 1 - Gasar Rubuce-rubucen Weiner Leó, Budapest (2002) * Kyauta ta 1 - Gasar Kasuwanci ta Duniya ta 6 (Farbotony), Kaniv, [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] (2003) * Kyauta ta 3 - Gasar Improvisation ta Kasa, Budapest (2003) * Kyauta ta Musamman - Gasar Rubuce-rubuce ta Kasa, Budapest (2004) * Kyauta ta Musamman - Gasar Mawallafin Vántus István, Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Hungary da Gidauniyar Vántus Estván, Szeged (2006) * Kyauta ta 3 - Gasar Rubuce-rubuce ta Kasa, Budapest (2006) * Kyautar ta 1 - Liszt Academy Composer Competition, Budapest (2007) * Kyauta ta Musamman - Matasa na zamani na kiɗa, Budapest (2007) * Kyauta ta Musamman - 9th Zdarzenia Theatre and Art Festival, Tczew (2007) <ref>{{Cite web |title=IX edycja – Nagrodzone projekty |url=http://www.pomost.art.pl/category/zdarzenia/ix-edycja/laureaci-ix |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706065011/http://www.pomost.art.pl/category/zdarzenia/ix-edycja/laureaci-ix |archive-date=6 July 2010 |language=Polish}}</ref> * Kyauta ta Musamman - Matasa na zamani na kiɗa, Budapest (2008) * Kyauta ta Musamman - Wekerle mai shekaru ɗari, Wekerle Cultural Association, Budapest (2008) * Kyauta ta Musamman - Matasa na zamani na kiɗa, Budapest (2009) * Kyauta ta 1 - Liszt Academy Composer Competition, Budapest (2009) * Kyauta ta 1 a cikin Chamber Music - NHMF Composer Competition, Budapest (Chuang Tzu's Dream, 2009) * Kyauta ta uku, Gasar Kiɗa ta gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Madách, Budapest (Macskadémon / The Demon Cat, 2010) <ref>{{YouTube|93PvzwAArRQ|Madách TV – Macskadémon bemutató (2011. 02. 23.)}} Madách Színház YouTube channel – 24 February 2011</ref> * Kyautar raba ta 3 - Liszt Academy Composer Competition, Budapest (2010) * Kyauta ta 1 - Gasar Mawallafin Generace, Ostrava (2013) * Kyauta ta 1 a cikin Chamber Music - NHMF Composer Competition, Budapest (Trance, 2013) <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2013 |title=Máté Bella and Alessio Elia are the winners of the 2013 UMZF Composer Competition |url=https://zeneakademia.hu/news/mate-bella-and-alessio-elia-are-the-winners-of-the-2013-umzf-composition-competition-108609 |website=zeneakademia.hu}}</ref> * Kyauta ta 1 - Gasar Mawallafin Generace, Ostrava (2015) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] hkxsbk7q8avuo47tbfiz7n5jlvx0oai 0 160937 892699 884684 2026-08-07T22:11:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mirlind Daku''' ( ; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Janairu 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan gaba a ƙungiyar Rubin Kazan ta Rasha da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta [[Albaniya|Albania]] . Daku ya fara aikinsa na babban matsayi tare da Hajvalia, inda ya fara buga wasa a Kosovo Superleague kafin ya koma Llapi a shekarar 2017, inda kwarewarsa ta kai shi ƙasar waje zuwa Osijek a shekarar 2018. Daga baya ya yi zaman aro a Kukësi, Ballkani da [[NŠ Mura|Mura]], musamman ma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan da suka fi zura kwallaye a gasar Slovenia ta PrvaLiga . Tun bayan da ya koma Rubin Kazan a shekarar 2023, Daku ya kafa kansa a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kai hari a gasar Premier ta Rasha . A matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, ya wakilci ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kosovo a shekarun 2020 da 2021, kafin ya sauya sheƙa zuwa Albania a shekarar 2023. Bayan fara buga wasa, Daku ya zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan Albania na yau da kullun a lokacin gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA Euro 2024, inda ya ba da gudummawa ga cancantar ƙungiyar, sannan daga baya ya fara bugawa a wani babban gasa ta ƙasa da ƙasa a gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA Euro 2024 . == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikinta a Hajvalia === Daku ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa a ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu a garinsu, Gjilani, inda daga baya ya koma Hajvalia, wata ƙungiya da ke kusa da Pristina, inda aka gan shi yana ƙuruciya saboda ƙwarewarsa ta fasaha da kuma yadda yake kammala wasa. Tun daga tsarin matasa na Hajvalia, ya ci gaba da sauri ta cikin jerin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar kuma ya fara horo da manyan 'yan wasan ƙungiyar tun yana matashi. Ayyukansa na farko a gasar matasa sun sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matasan 'yan wasan gaba mafi kyau a tsarin Kosovar. A lokacin kakar wasa ta 2016-17, Daku ya fara buga wasa a babbar ƙungiyar Hajvalia a gasar Kosovo Superleague, inda ya yi wasanni uku kafin matsalolin kuɗi na ƙungiyar suka haifar da ficewar 'yan wasa da dama. Duk da ƙarancin damarmaki a matakin manya, an san shi da yawan aikinsa da kuma motsa jiki a waje da ƙwallon, wanda ya jawo hankalin ma'aikatan leƙen asiri na Llapi . A ƙarshen shekarar 2016, Daku ya riga ya zira kwallaye da yawa a ƙungiyar matasa ta Hajvalia kuma ya fara jawo hankali daga sauran ƙungiyoyin Superleague. Ayyukansa a ƙarshe sun sa ya koma Llapi a watan Janairun 2017, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru ta dogon lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2023 |title=Mirlind Daku: From his first career steps… |url=https://shkodrasport.com/mirlind-daku-nga-hapat-e-pare-te-karrieres-te-mundesia-per-tu-veshur-kuqezi/ |publisher=Shkodra Sport |language=en-sq}}</ref> === Llapi === A ranar 24 ga Janairu 2017, Daku ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da kulob din Kosovo Superleague Llapi . Ya fara buga wa Llapi wasa a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 2017 a zagaye na biyar na Kosovar Cup da Feronikeli, inda ya maye gurbin Berat Hyseni a minti na 95, sannan ya ci kwallo ta biyu a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara a waje da ci 4-2 bayan bugun fanareti . A farkon kakarsa ta farko da ƙungiyar, Daku ya kafa kansa cikin sauri a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin matasan 'yan wasan gaba mafi kyau a Kosovo Superleague, wanda aka san shi da saurinsa, motsinsa mai wayo, da kuma kammala wasansa na asibiti. Tsakanin 2017 da 2018, ya buga wasanni kusan 45 kuma ya zira kwallaye 23 a duk gasannin da ya buga wa Llapi, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta ci gaba da fafatawa don samun matsayi mafi girma a teburin gasar. A lokacin kakar wasa ta 2017-18, Daku ya ji daɗin kakar wasa mai ban mamaki, inda ya zira kwallaye 17 a gasar kuma ya kare a cikin manyan 'yan wasan Superleague. <ref>{{Cite web |title=First Division Clubs in Europe 2018/19 – Kosovo Top Scorers |url=https://editorial.uefa.com/resources/0249-0f842e04cad1-7fc8332b4532-1000/first_division_clubs_in_europe_2018_19.pdf |access-date=5 October 2025 |publisher=UEFA |language=en}}</ref> Kwallayensa sun taimaka wa Llapi samun matsayi na uku a gasar kuma ya cancanci shiga gasar Kosovar Cup. Godiya ga rawar da ya taka, kafofin watsa labarai na gida sun san shi sosai a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da za su iya kai hari mafi ban sha'awa a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kosovar. Wasan da Daku ya yi a Llapi ya jawo hankalin ƙungiyoyi da dama a ƙasashen waje, kuma salon cin kwallayensa na yau da kullun ya haifar da kiransa na farko zuwa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta Kosovo . A shekarun baya, lokacin da Daku ya koma ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa kamar Osijek da Rubin Kazan, Llapi ya amfana da kuɗi ta hanyar yarjejeniyar sayar da 'yan wasa, wanda aka ruwaito yana samun kusan €180,000 daga canja wurinsa zuwa gasar Premier ta Rasha. === Osijek === A ranar 20 ga Yuli, 2018, Daku ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru huɗu da Osijek, ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi a gasar cin kofin Croatia ta farko, a cikin abin da aka bayyana a matsayin babban ci gaba ga ɗan wasan Kosovar Superleague. Da isowarsa, an tura Daku zuwa ƙungiyar ajiyar ƙungiyar, Osijek II, inda yake fafatawa a gasar cin kofin Croatia ta biyu . Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 25 ga Agusta, 2018 a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Šibenik, inda ya fara wasan kuma ya buga mintuna 71 kafin a sauya shi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Šibenik vs. Osijek II 2–2 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/08/25/croatia/2-hnl/hnk-sibenik/osijek-ii/2858256/ |access-date=25 August 2018 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Kwanaki takwas bayan haka, ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko ga Osijek II a wasan da suka doke Sesvete da ci 1-0 a gida, wanda hakan ya tabbatar da nasarar farko da ƙungiyar ta samu a kakar wasa ta bana. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Osijek II vs. Sesvete 1–0 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/09/02/croatia/2-hnl/osijek-ii/nk-radnik-sesvete/2858265/ |access-date=2 September 2018 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> A cikin kakar wasa ta farko, Daku ya saba da babban matsayi na gasa, yana taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na tsakiya amma wani lokacin ana tura shi a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba mai tallafawa. An yaba masa a gasar Croatia ta biyu saboda ƙarfinsa da kuma jajircewarsa, kodayake ya fuskanci ƙalubale sosai wajen samun gurbin farawa daga ƙwararrun 'yan wasan gaba na ƙungiyar. A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2018-19, Daku ya buga wasanni 18 a gasar da kuma kwallaye 5 a raga ga Osijek II. Daidaito mai kyau, daidaiton aikinsa da kuma ɗabi'ar aiki ya sa aka yi la'akari da haɓaka shi zuwa sansanin horo na ƙungiyar farko, inda ma'aikatan horarwa na Osijek suka nuna shi a matsayin ɗan wasa mai ƙarfin gwiwa na dogon lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2023 |title=Rok je prošao, Mirlind Daku se vraća u Osijek |url=https://slobodnadalmacija.hr/sport/domaci-nogomet/rok-je-prosao-mirlind-daku-se-vraca-u-osijek/ |publisher=Slobodna Dalmacija |language=hr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Osijeku se ponavlja bizarna situacija... |url=https://sportske.jutarnji.hr/sn/nogomet/hnl/klubovi/osijek/osijeku-se-ponavlja-bizarna-situacija-najefikasniji-bjelicin-igrac-puni-mreze-ali-u-drugom-dresu-15232861 |publisher=Sportske Novosti |language=hr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Osijek reveal they could sell Mura’s top scorer… |url=https://footballplanet.si/news/osijek-reveal-they-could-sell-muras-top-scorer-mirlind-daku-was-of-interest-to-many-in-europe-and-in-mls/ |publisher=Football Planet |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==== Lamuni a Kukësi ==== A ranar 24 ga Yuli 2019, Daku ya koma ƙungiyar Kategoria Superiore Kukësi a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. Ya fara buga wasa a gasar cin kofin Albania a ranar 18 ga Agusta 2019 a gasar cin kofin Albania ta 2019 da Partizani Tirana, inda ya maye gurbin Vasil Shkurtaj a minti na 66. Wata guda bayan haka, Daku ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar a wasansa na shida, inda ya yi nasara a kan Shkumbini a waje da ci 3-1 a zagaye na farko na gasar cin kofin Albania . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shkumbini Peqin vs. Kukësi 1–3 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2019/09/18/albania/cup/ks-shkumbini-peqin/ks-perparimi-kukes/3162340/ |access-date=18 September 2019 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> A lokacin hutun rabin kakar wasa, Daku ya taka rawar gani a gasar lig da kofin saboda fafatawar da 'yan wasan gaba suka yi kamar Vasil Shkurtaj da [[Patrick friday Eze|Patrick Friday Eze]] . Ta amfani da damar aro don samun ƙwarewa a manyan ƙungiyoyin Albania, ya buga wasanni 10 jimilla kuma ya zira kwallaye ɗaya a duk gasa kafin ya koma Osijek. ==== Aron kuɗi a Ballkani ==== A ranar 11 ga Janairun 2020, an ba Daku aro ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kosovo Superleague Ballkani har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 29 ga Fabrairun 2020 a wasan da suka tashi 0-0 da Prishtina, inda ya maye gurbin Artur Magani a minti na 59. Duk da cewa kakar wasa ta tsaya cak jim kaɗan bayan an dakatar da ita saboda annobar COVID-19, Daku ya kafa kansa cikin sauri a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin kai hari na Ballkani. Ya zira kwallaye masu mahimmanci da dama bayan sake fara gasar, wanda ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta fafata don lashe gasar. A ƙarshen kakar wasa, ya zira kwallaye 9 a wasanni 17 a dukkan gasa. Ƙarfin aikinsa a Ballkani ya nuna wani sauyi a rayuwarsa, wanda ya jawo hankalin ƙungiyoyin cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje kuma ya sa aka sake kiransa zuwa NK Osijek a kakar wasa mai zuwa. ==== Dawowa daga aro a matsayin ɗan wasa na farko a ƙungiyar ==== Bayan wasanni biyu na aro a Kosovo da Albania, Daku ya koma babbar ƙungiyar Osijek kafin gasar cin kofin Croatia ta 2021-22 . A ranar 8 ga Agusta 2021, ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Hrvatski Dragovoljac a waje da ci 2-1, inda ya maye gurbin Antonio Mance a minti na 78. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hrvatski Dragovoljac vs. Osijek 1–2 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/08/08/croatia/1-hnl/nk-hrvatski-dragovoljac/nk-osijek/3513747/ |access-date=8 August 2021 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Washegari, Daku ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwangilar shekaru huɗu tare da Osijek, wanda hakan ya tabbatar da ci gaba da zama babban ɗan wasan ƙungiyar na dogon lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2021 |title=Daku produžio ugovor |trans-title=Daku extended his contract |url=https://nk-osijek.hr/vijesti/30289/daku-produzio-ugovor/ |publisher=[[NK Osijek]] |language=hr}}</ref> Bayan kwana uku, ya fara buga wasa a nahiyar Turai a zagaye na uku na cancantar shiga gasar da ƙungiyar CSKA Sofia ta [[Bulgeriya|Bulgaria]], inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Yevhen Cheberko a zagaye na biyu na gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Osijek vs. CSKA Sofia 1–1 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/08/12/europe/uefa-europa-conference-league/nk-osijek/pfc-cska-sofia/3568714/ |access-date=12 August 2021 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Satumba 2021, ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar farko a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Bednja Beletinec a waje da ci 3-0 a zagaye na farko na gasar cin kofin Croatia . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bednja vs. Osijek 0–3 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/09/15/croatia/hr-nogometni-cup/bednja/nk-osijek/3630575/ |access-date=15 September 2021 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2021, Daku ya fito daga benci ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da Osijek ya yi nasara da ci 3-2, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa kungiyar ta sami maki uku a wasan lig mai cike da takaddama. Ya kuma nuna natsuwa a wasannin knockout: a wasan Kofin Croatia da Slaven Belupo, ya shiga daga minti na 72 kuma ya zira kwallon da ta kai Osijek zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe. A kakar wasa ta 2021-22 ta Gasar Cin Kofin Croatia, Daku ya buga wasanni 12 ga Osijek, inda ya zira kwallaye 3 a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mirlind Daku statistics 2021-22 Osijek |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/a04adf33/Mirlind-Daku |access-date=6 October 2025 |publisher=FBref}}</ref> Duk da cewa bai fara wasa akai-akai ba, tsawaita kwantiraginsa har zuwa bazara ta 2024 ya nuna imanin da kulob din ke da shi game da damar da yake da ita na dogon lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2021 |title=Daku produžio ugovor |trans-title=Daku extended his contract |url=https://nk-osijek.hr/vijesti/30289/daku-produzio-ugovor/ |publisher=[[NK Osijek]] |language=hr}}</ref> ==== Aron kuɗi a Mura ==== A ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 2022, an ba Daku aro ga ƙungiyar [[NŠ Mura|Mura]] ta Slovenia ta PrvaLiga har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2021-22 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2022 |title=Mirlind Daku je čarno-bejli! |trans-title=Mirlind Daku is black and white! |url=https://www.nsmura.si/news/mirlind-daku-je-carno-bejli |publisher=[[NŠ Mura]] |language=sl |access-date=6 July 2026 |archive-date=14 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414022434/https://nsmura.si/news/mirlind-daku-je-carno-bejli |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan kwana shida, ya fara buga wasa da Bravo bayan an sanya shi a cikin jerin 'yan wasan farko, inda ya taimaka wajen taimakawa 'yan wasa biyu a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 a gida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2022 |title=Končnica tekme odnesla dva gola prednosti in zmago |trans-title=The final minutes of the match took away two goals advantage and a victory |url=https://www.nsmura.si/news/koncnica-tekme-odnesla-dva-gola-prednosti-in-zmago |access-date=15 February 2022 |publisher=[[NŠ Mura]] |language=sl |archive-date=15 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215081124/https://www.nsmura.si/news/koncnica-tekme-odnesla-dva-gola-prednosti-in-zmago |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daku ya saba da ƙwallon ƙafa ta Slovenia cikin sauri, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan kai hari mafi tasiri na Mura a rabin lokaci na biyu na kakar wasa. Ya zira kwallaye biyar a wasanni goma sha shida na gasar, ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta kammala rabin farko a teburin gasar. Bayan ƙarfin da ya nuna, Mura ya sanar a watan Yunin 2022 cewa za a tsawaita aro na Daku zuwa wani kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=R. Š. |date=21 June 2022 |title=Daku ponovno v črno-belem, iz Fazanerije strupene puščice uperili proti Koutru |trans-title=Daku again in black and white, Fazanerija’s deadly arrows aimed towards Koper |url=https://snportal.si/slovenska-tekmovanja/prva-liga/daku-ponovno-v-crno-belem-iz-fazanerije-strupene-puscice-uperili-proti-koutru/ |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=Slovenski nogometni portal |language=sl-SI}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta biyu a Slovenia, Daku ya kafa kansa a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan wasan gaba mafi hazaka a gasar. Ya kasance cikin 'yan wasan farko kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a wasan kai hari na Mura. A ranar 27 ga Agusta 2022, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa a wasan da suka doke Gorica da ci 3-1 a gida. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mura vs. Gorica 3–1 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2022/08/27/slovenia/1-snl/mura/gorica/3828834/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Daku ya ci gaba da nuna kwazo a duk tsawon kakar wasa, inda ya samu kwallaye da dama da kuma kwallaye masu kyau. A karshen kakar wasa, ya zura kwallaye 20 a wasanni 36 da ya buga a gasar, <ref name="Soccerway">{{Soccerway|mirlind-daka/459512}}</ref> ya kammala a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar kuma ya samu karbuwa sosai saboda rawar da ya taka. Nasarorin da ya samu sun jawo hankalin ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasashen waje, inda rahotannin kafofin watsa labarai suka danganta shi da yiwuwar komawa Croatia da Hungary. === Rubin Kazan === A ranar 11 ga Yuli 2023, Daku ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da kulob din Rubin Kazan na gasar Premier ta Rasha . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2023 |title="Рубин" объявил о переходе Мирлинда Даку |trans-title=Rubin announced the transfer of Mirlind Daku |url=https://sport.tatar-inform.ru/news/rubin-obyavil-o-perexode-mirlinda-daku-5884926 |access-date=11 July 2023 |website=sport.tatar-inform.ru |language=ru-RU}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2023 |title=Новичок "Рубина" Даку выберет игровой номер по результатам голосования болельщиков |trans-title=New Rubin player Daku will choose his number by fan voting |url=https://sport.business-gazeta.ru/news/285990 |access-date=11 July 2023 |website=sport.business-gazeta.ru |language=ru}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a hukumance a Rubin a ranar 22 ga Yuli 2023 a wasan lig da Lokomotiv Moscow, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a rabin na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lokomotiv Moscow vs. Rubin Kazan 2–1 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2023/07/22/russia/premier-league/lokomotiv-moscow/rubin-kazan/4094925/ |access-date=22 July 2023 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Agusta 2023, Daku ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar a wasan da suka doke Fakel Voronezh da ci 2-0 a gida. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rubin Kazan vs. Fakel 2–0 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2023/08/13/russia/premier-league/rubin-kazan/fakel/4094945/ |access-date=13 August 2023 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> A tsawon kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Daku ya zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan gaba mafiya ƙarfin kai hari na Rubin, wanda aka san shi da ƙarfin aikinsa da kuma iya kammalawa. Ya ƙare kakar wasa da kwallaye 9 da kuma taimakawa wajen zura ƙwallo 5 a dukkan gasannin da suka fafata, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta kammala a tsakiyar teburi a kakar wasa ta farko da ta fara komawa saman teburi. A ranar 13 ga Yuli, 2025, bayan nasarar kamfen ɗin farko da ci gaba da ci gaba, an tsawaita kwangilar Daku har zuwa Yuni 2029, wanda ke nuna amincewar da kulob ɗin ya daɗe yana da shi ga ci gabansa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2025 |title=Мирлинд Даку продлил контракт с "Рубином" до 2029 года |trans-title=Mirlind Daku extended his contract with Rubin until 2029 |url=https://www.rubin-kazan.ru/news/mirlind-daku-prodlil-kontrakt-s-rubinom-do-2029-goda/ |access-date=13 August 2025 |publisher=FC Rubin Kazan |language=ru}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2024-25, Daku ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan Rubin Kazan. Ya kammala kakar wasa a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a ƙungiyar da kwallaye 15 sannan ya taimaka mata da kwallaye 6 a dukkan gasannin da suka gabata, wanda hakan ya tabbatar da matsayinsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan gaba mafi inganci a gasar. Daga cikin lokutan da ya fi shahara akwai nasarar da ya samu a minti na ƙarshe a kan Akron Tolyatti a gasar lig ta 2-1 a watan Agusta na 2024, wanda ya jawo yabo daga kafofin watsa labarai na gida da magoya baya saboda natsuwarsa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. A ranar 21 ga Satumba 2024, Daku ya jagoranci Rubin Kazan a karon farko a wasan League da CSKA Moscow, inda ya jagoranci ƙungiyarsa zuwa kunnen doki 1-1. Wani muhimmin wasa ya faru ne a watan Mayun 2025, lokacin da ya zura kwallo a raga a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da CSKA Moscow a gida, wanda hakan ya ba shi kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasa, sannan ya ƙara tabbatar da kansa a matsayin ɗan wasan da ya fi yin fice a ƙungiyar. Saboda dagewarsa da kuma ɗabi'ar aikinsa, Daku ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a harin Rubin, inda ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta samu nasarar kammala wasanta na tsakiya a kakar wasa ta biyu a jere a gasar Firimiya ta Rasha. A kakar wasa ta 2025-26, Daku ya kafa kansa a matsayin babban ɗan wasan gaba na Rubin Kazan. A farkon watan Oktoba na 2025, ya buga wasanni 10 a gasar, duk a matsayin ɗan wasa na farko, inda ya zira kwallaye 8 kuma ya yi bugun ƙwallo 26 a raga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mirlind Daku Player Stats 2025–26 |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/player/_/id/293400/mirlind-daku |access-date=6 October 2025 |publisher=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2025, ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Akron Tolyatti da ci 3-0 a gida, wanda hakan ya ba shi kyautar gwarzon dan wasa, sannan ya kara karfafa sunansa a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan wasan gaba mafi inganci a gasar. Kwarewarsa mai kyau ya sanya shi cikin manyan 'yan wasan da suka fi zura kwallaye a gasar Firimiya ta Rasha, inda kafofin watsa labarai na cikin gida suka nuna ingantaccen kammala wasansa, motsinsa a waje da ƙwallon, da kuma yawan aikinsa a matsayin muhimman abubuwan da suka taimaka wa Rubin ya samu nasara a farkon kakar wasa. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == === Kosovo === A ranar 21 ga Maris 2017, Daku ya sami kiran farko na ƙasashen waje daga ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta Kosovo don shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta UEFA da Jamhuriyar Ireland . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2017 |title=Lista e futbollistëve të Përfaqësueses U21 |trans-title=List of the players of the national U21 team |url=http://www.ffk-kosova.com/federata/?p=17931 |publisher=[[Football Federation of Kosovo]] |language=sq}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 2017 a wasan da Isra'ila ta sha kashi a gida da ci 0-4, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 54 a madadin Ardit Gashi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kosovo U21 vs. Israel U21 0–4 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/11/09/europe/uefa-u21-championship/kosovo-u21/israel-under-21/2429814/ |access-date=9 November 2017 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Janairu 2018, an kira shi a karon farko zuwa ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasan ƙasa ta Kosovo kafin wasan sada zumunci da Azerbaijan, kodayake an soke wasan bayan an raba ƙungiyoyi biyu a cikin rukuni ɗaya na UEFA Nations League . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2018 |title=Friendly match canceled |url=http://www.affa.az/index.php/news/friendly-match-cancelled/61160 |publisher=[[Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan]] |quote=According to the results of the UEFA Nations League draws held in Lausanne, Switzerland today, it was defined that Azerbaijan and Kosovo national teams will compete in the same group. Thereby, the match planned to be held between these teams in Antalya, Turkey on February 2 was canceled. Both football federations' officials met after the draw ceremony and reached a mutual agreement in this regard}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe Daku ya fara buga wasa a babbar ƙungiyar Kosovo a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2020 a wasan sada zumunci da Albania, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 84 a madadin Florent Hadergjonaj . === Albaniya === A watan Yunin 2023, Daku ya sami fasfo na Albania, wanda hakan ya sa ya cancanci wakiltar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Albania . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2023 |title=FOTO/ Një alternativë më shumë për Sylvinhon, lojtari dardan merr pasaportën shqiptare |trans-title=Another alternative for Sylvinho, the Dardanian player obtains the Albanian passport |url=https://top-channel.tv/2023/06/23/nje-alternative-me-shume-per-sylvinhon-lojtari-dardan-merr-pasaporten-shqiptare/ |access-date=25 June 2023 |publisher=[[Top Channel]] |language=sq}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2023, ya sami kiran farko daga Albania don wasannin cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA da Jamhuriyar Czech da [[Poland]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2023 |title=Kualifikueset e Euro 2024 / Sylvinho zbardh listën me emrat e 25 lojtarëve për sfidat me Çekinë & Poloninë |trans-title=Euro 2024 Qualifiers / Sylvinho releases the list of the 25 players for the matches against Czechia and Poland |url=https://fshf.org/sq/kualifikueset-e-euro-2024-sylvinho-zbardh-listen-me-emrat-e-25-lojtareve-per-sfidat-me-cekine-polonine/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |publisher=[[Albanian Football Association]] |language=sq}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 7 ga Satumba a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Jamhuriyar Czech, inda ya buga wasa a rabin lokaci na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Czech Republic vs Albania, 7 September 2023 |url=https://eu-football.info/_match.php?id=18386 |access-date=10 September 2023 |website=EU-Football.info |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2023 |title=EURO 2024/ Shqipëria barazon me Çekinë në Pragë |url=https://fshf.org/sq/euro-2024-shqiperia-barazon-me-cekine-ne-prage/ |access-date=8 September 2023 |language=sq}}</ref> Bayan kwana uku, ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko ta ƙasa da ƙasa a wasan da suka doke Poland da ci 2-0 a gida, inda ya samu ƙwallo da bugun farko jim kaɗan bayan ya shigo a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a minti na 62. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2023 |title=Albania 2–0 Poland |url=https://www.uefa.com/european-qualifiers/match/2036414/ |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=UEFA.com |publisher=Union of European Football Associations}}</ref> Daku ya buga wasanni uku a jere yayin da Albania ta kammala a saman rukuninsu a karon farko a tarihi, inda ta tara maki 15—daidai da Jamhuriyar Czech amma tana kan gaba a tarihin kai-da-kai—don haka ta cancanci shiga gasar ƙarshe ta Gasar Cin Kofin Turai a karo na biyu kacal. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying Group E standings |url=https://www.uefa.com/european-qualifiers/standings/#grp-2006669 |access-date=7 October 2025 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Yuni 2024, an saka shi cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 26 na Albania don gasar UEFA Euro 2024. Ya buga wasansa na farko a gasar a ranar 19 ga Yuni, a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Croatia a filin wasa na Volksparkstadion . Daku ya shiga wasan da aka maye gurbinsa a makare yayin da Albania ke kan gaba da ci 1-2, wanda hakan ya sa Klaus Gjasula ya zura kwallon da ta ba shi damar rama kwallo a lokacin da aka dakatar da wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Croatia 2–2 Albania: UEFA Euro 2024 match report |url=https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/match/2036160--croatia-vs-albania/ |access-date=7 October 2025 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> Bayan kammala wasan, an dauki bidiyon Daku - wanda ya nuna motsin rai bayan sakamakon tarihi - yana jagorantar magoya baya a cikin wakokin cin zarafi da aka yi wa [[Masadoiniya ta Arewa|Arewacin Macedonia]] da [[Serbiya|Serbia]] yayin da yake amfani da megaphone . Daga baya Daku ya nemi afuwa ga abin da ya aikata, amma UEFA ta dakatar da shi na wasanni biyu bayan an sake duba shi. A lokacin yakin neman shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026 (UEFA), Daku ya buga wasanni kadan a rukunin K, musamman a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa, wanda hakan ya dauki 'yan mintuna kadan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mirlind Daku – International Matches 2025/26 |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe511723/mirlind-daku/co588/fifa-wc-qualifiers-europe/se83885/2025-2026/international-matches/ |access-date=3 April 2026 |website=WorldFootball.net}}</ref> Albania ta samu damar shiga gasar share fagen shiga gasar a karon farko a tarihinta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=European Qualifiers standings |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/qualifiers/uefa/standings |access-date=3 April 2026 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{Updated|match played 17 May 2026}}<ref name="Soccerway" /><ref>{{GSA player|mirlind-daku/221103}}</ref><ref name="NFT" >{{NFT|80272}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |Hajvalia |2016–17 |Kosovo Superleague |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Llapi |2016–17 |Kosovo Superleague |15 |6 |4 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |19 |7 |- |2017–18 |Kosovo Superleague |30 |17 |3 |3 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |33 |20 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !45 !23 !7 !4 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !52 !27 |- |Osijek II |2018–19 |Croatian Second League |15 |2 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |2 |- |Kukësi (loan) |2019–20 |Kategoria Superiore |13 |1 |2 |1 | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Albanian Supercup]]}} |0 |16 |2 |- | rowspan="3" |Ballkani (loan) |2019–20 |Kosovo Superleague |8 |4 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |11 |5 |- |2020–21 |Kosovo Superleague |34 |31 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |35 |31 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !42 !35 !4 !1 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !46 !36 |- |Osijek |2021–22 |Croatian First League |12 |3 |3 |1 |1{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa Conference League]]}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |16 |4 |- | rowspan="3" |[[NŠ Mura|Mura]] (loan) |2021–22 |Slovenian PrvaLiga |16 |5 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |16 |5 |- |2022–23 |Slovenian PrvaLiga |33 |19 |2 |2 |3[b] |2 | colspan="2" |— |38 |23 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !49 !24 !2 !2 !3 !2 ! colspan="2" |— !54 !28 |- | rowspan="4" |Rubin Kazan |2023–24 |Russian Premier League |28 |10 |5 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |33 |10 |- |2024–25 |Russian Premier League |26 |15 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |29 |15 |- |2025–26 |Russian Premier League |24 |10 |5 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |29 |11 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !78 !35 !13 !1 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !91 !36 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !257 !123 !31 !10 !4 !2 !1 !0 !293 !135 |} {{Notelist}} === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === {{Updated|match played 6 June 2026}}<ref>{{EU-Football.info|31203}}</ref><ref name="NFT" /> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallayen da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta samu da kuma shekarar da ta gabata ! Tawagar ƙasa ! Shekara ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="4" | Kosovo |- | 2020 | 1 | 0 |- | 2021 | 4 | 0 |- ! Jimilla ! 5 ! 0 |- | rowspan="6" | Albaniya |- | 2023 | 5 | 1 |- | 2024 | 4 | 0 |- | 2025 | 6 | 0 |- | 2026 | 2 | 0 |- ! Jimilla ! 17 ! 1 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimillar aiki ! 22 ! 1 |} : ''Sakamakon maki da sakamakon sun fara nuna adadin kwallayen da Albania ta ci, ginshiƙin maki yana nuna maki bayan kowace ƙwallo da Daku ta ci.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin kwallayen da Mirlind Daku ya ci a wasannin kasa da kasa ! scope="col" | A'a. ! scope="col" | Kwanan wata ! scope="col" | Wuri ! scope="col" | Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" | Ci ! scope="col" | Sakamako ! scope="col" | Gasar |- | align="center" | 1 | 10 Satumba 2023 | Arena Kombëtare, [[Tirana]], Albania |{{Fb|POL}} | align="center" | 2–0 | align="center" | 2–0 | Wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 2024 a UEFA |} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{FC Rubin Kazan squad}}{{Albania squad UEFA Euro 2024}}{{Football Superleague of Kosovo top scorers}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} bnlxyh01l1nv6mlltwz8d7pw4f6ud15 0 160980 892595 878203 2026-08-07T12:44:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A al'ada, ilimin shari'a na Koriya ya bi tsarin Jamus da Japan . Sabbin gyare-gyare na baya-bayan nan suna canza ilimin ƙwararru daga digiri na farko na LL. B. zuwa nau'in ilimin JD na digiri na biyu. Bugu da ƙari, jami'o'in Koriya da yawa suna ci gaba da ba da ilimin shari'a a cikin tsarin ilimi da na ilimi, suna ba da digiri na digiri na biyu, gami da digiri na uku a fannin Shari'a. Bugu da ƙari, jami'o'i da yawa suna mai da hankali kan tsarin shari'a a wajen Koriya, kamar Dokar gama gari. == Matsayin Shiga da Matsayin Makarantar Shari'a == Tun lokacin da aka aiwatar da Dokar 2007 da ke kira da a yi wa tsarin ilimi na shari'a garambawul, makarantun shari'a a Koriya sun zama makarantun digiri na biyu (kamar tsarin Amurka) kuma suna buƙatar digiri na farko, matsakaicin maki mai gamsarwa na digiri na farko, ƙwarewar harshen waje, da kuma maki mai gamsarwa akan Jarrabawar Cancanta ta Ilimi ta Shari'a (LEET) don shiga (an tsara LEET ɗin ne bisa ga Jarrabawar Shiga Makarantar Shari'a ( LSAT ) a Amurka). Ana kimanta ƙarin abubuwa ta hanyar kasidu, tambayoyi, jarrabawar muƙala da makarantar ta gudanar, da sauran kayan aikace-aikacen. Manyan Makarantun Shari'a 10 daga 2012–2020 daga Mujallar Hankyung Business sun kasance: <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-17 |title=지방 로스쿨 약진...10위권 3개 대학 입성 |url=http://magazine.hankyung.com/business/apps/news?popup=0&nid=01&c1=1011&nkey=2017101601142000101&mode=sub_view |access-date=2019-11-23 |website=magazine.hankyung.com}}</ref> # Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Seoul # Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Koriya # Makarantar Lauya ta Yonsei # Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Sungkyunkwan # Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Hanyang # Makarantar Shari'a ta Sogang # Makarantar Koyar da Lauyoyi ta Ewha # Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Pusan # [[Kyung hee University Law School|Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Kyung hee]] # [[Chung-ang University Law School|Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Chung-ang]] Akwai sauran makarantun lauya guda 15 a cikin jerin da ke ƙasa. == Tsarin Makarantar Shari'a na Canji == A [[Koriya ta Kudu]], '''makarantar koyon shari'a''' makaranta ce ta farko a jami'a inda ɗaliban da suka kammala karatun lauya kuma ake ba su digiri na ''Légum Baccalaureus'', ko LL. B. (Bachelor of Laws). Bayan kammala karatun, dole ne 'yan takara su yi jarrabawar lauyoyi kuma su ci nasara. A ƙarƙashin jarrabawar shari'a ta yanzu (kamar yadda aka yi a 2008), adadin sabbin lauyoyi da ake karɓa kowace shekara an iyakance shi zuwa 1,000. Sannan 'yan takarar da suka yi nasara dole ne su kammala darussan horo na shekaru 2 da ake buƙata a '''Cibiyar Bincike da Horarwa ta Shari'a (JRTI)''' don shiga lauyoyi a Koriya. Kotun Koli ce ke kula da JRTI. Duk da haka, sakamakon wani kudiri da aka zartar a watan Yulin 2007, tsarin ilimin karatun shari'a zai fuskanci manyan sauye-sauye nan ba da jimawa ba. Dokar ta 2007 ta yi kira da a rungumi tsarin makarantun shari'a daban kamar na Amurka, inda ake sa ran za a bude sabbin makarantun shari'a na matakin digiri na biyu nan da shekarar 2009. [[Jami'a|Jami'o'i]] kalilan ne za a ba su izinin kafa irin waɗannan makarantun shari'a na matakin digiri na biyu, kamar yadda hukumar gwamnati mai dacewa ta yanke shawara bayan ta sake duba kayan da kowace jami'a ta gabatar. A watan Fabrairun 2008, Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta fitar da zaɓaɓɓun jami'o'i 25 da aka amince da su don sabbin makarantun shari'a na matakin digiri na biyu (15 a yankin babban birnin [[Seoul]] da 10 a larduna). Tsarin zaɓen da kanta bai kasance ba tare da ce-ce-ku-ce ba; bayan fitar da jerin sunayen ƙarshe, wasu daga cikin jami'o'in da aka cire sun yi barazanar kai ƙara don a hana su shiga ko kuma su yi zanga-zangar nuna rashin amincewa, kuma wani shugaban jami'a ya yi barazanar yin murabus. A ƙarƙashin sabon tsarin, waɗanda ke da digiri na farko za su iya neman shiga makarantun shari'a waɗanda ke da shirye-shiryen shekaru uku kuma waɗanda suka kammala karatun za su iya yin jarrabawar lauyoyi; waɗanda suka cimma wani maki (ko sama da haka) za su sami lasisi. Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga tsarin da aka sake duba a watan Oktoban 2007 wanda Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Ci gaban Albarkatun Bil Adama ta gabatar, shiga makarantun shari'a ya takaita ga 'yan takara 2,000. Adadin shiga lauyoyi a Koriya ta Kudu ya kai kusan kashi 50%, amma duk da haka yana raguwa da sauri saboda takaita adadin lauyoyin da aka shigar a ƙungiyar lauyoyi. Kimanin mutane 1500 ne kawai ake iya shigar da su cikin lauyoyi a kowace shekara. Ɗaliban da suka riga sun kammala karatun lauya suna sake yin jarrabawar lauyoyi, wanda hakan na iya haifar da matsala ga tsarin makarantun lauya a Koriya. == Makarantun Shari'a na Jamhuriyar Koriya == Jami'o'i tare da gwamnatinsu sun amince da shigar ɗalibai a kowace shekara: A watan Fabrairun 2008, Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta fitar da zaɓaɓɓun jami'o'i 25 da aka amince da su don sabbin makarantun shari'a na matakin digiri na biyu (salon JD). Jimillar masu shiga duk makarantun shari'a an iyakance su ga ɗalibai 2,000 a kowace shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-24 |title=Top Law Schools in South Korea – Law Schools in USA |url=https://www.lawschoolsinusa.com/top-law-schools-in-south-korea/ |access-date=2026-01-09 |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260309053024/https://www.lawschoolsinusa.com/top-law-schools-in-south-korea/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar koyon aikin lauya tare da gwamnati ta amince da shigar ɗalibai 150 kowace shekara ** Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Seoul * Makarantun Shari'a tare da gwamnati ta amince da shigar ɗalibai 120 kowace shekara ** Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Chonnam ta Ƙasa ** Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Koriya ** Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Kyungpook ta Ƙasa ** Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Pusan ** Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Sungkyunkwan ** Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Yonsei * Makarantun shari'a tare da gwamnati ta amince da shigar ɗalibai 100 kowace shekara ** Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Chungnam ta Ƙasa ** [[Hanyang University Law School Law School|Makarantar Shari'a ta Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Hanyang]] ** [[Ewha Woman's University Law School|Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Mata ta Ewha]] * Makarantun shari'a tare da gwamnati ta amince da shigar ɗalibai 80 kowace shekara ** [[Chonbuk National University Law School|Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Kasa ta Chonbuk]] ** [[Dong-A University Law School|Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Dong-A]] * Makarantun shari'a tare da gwamnati ta amince da shigar ɗalibai 70 kowace shekara ** Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Chungbuk ta Ƙasa ** [[Yeungnam University Law School|Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Yeungnam]] * Makarantun shari'a tare da gwamnati ta amince da shigar ɗalibai 60 kowace shekara ** [[Kyunghee University Law School|Jami'ar Kyunghee Law School]] ** Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Wonkwang * Makarantun shari'a tare da gwamnati ta amince da shigar ɗalibai 50 kowace shekara ** Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Seoul ** [[Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Law School|Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Hankuk ta Nazarin Ƙasashen Waje]] ** [[Ajou University Law School|Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Ajou]] ** [[Chung-Ang University Law School|Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Chung-Ang]] ** Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Inha * Makarantun shari'a tare da gwamnati ta amince da shigar ɗalibai 40 kowace shekara ** [[Kangwon National University Law School|Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Kasa ta Kangwon]] ** [[Jeju National University Law School|Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Kasa ta Jeju]] ** [[Sogang University Law School|Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Sogang]] ** Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Konkuk == Manazarta == 84x96z9ilanmt59s1rxoqo6hsnv6i76 0 160996 892592 878255 2026-08-07T12:29:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A [[Ayilan (ƙasa)|Ireland]], '''makarantar ƙasa''' ( Irish ) wani nau'in [[Makarantar Firamare|makarantar firamare]] ne da gwamnati ke ba da kuɗi kai tsaye, amma galibi gwamnati, ƙungiyar masu kula da yara, da wakilan ƙananan hukumomi ke gudanarwa tare. A makarantun ƙasa, yawancin manyan manufofi, kamar manhaja da albashin malamai da yanayi, gwamnati ce ke kula da su ta hanyar Ma'aikatar Ilimi . Ƙananan manufofin makarantar mutanen gida ne ke kula da su, wani lokacin kuma wani memba na malamai ne ke jagorantar su, a matsayin wakilin mai kula da yara, ta hanyar ' hukumar gudanarwa ' ta gida. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ownership of primary schools |url=https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/education/primary_and_post_primary_education/going_to_primary_school/ownership_of_primary_schools.html |access-date=20 February 2020 |website=citizensinformation.ie |publisher=Citizens Information Board |archive-date=20 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220102501/https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/education/primary_and_post_primary_education/going_to_primary_school/ownership_of_primary_schools.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yawancin makarantun firamare a Ireland suna faɗa cikin wannan rukuni, wanda shine ra'ayi kafin samun 'yancin kai . == Tarihi == Makarantun ƙasa, waɗanda gwamnatin [[Hadaddiyar Masarautar Burtaniya Mai Girma da Ireland|Burtaniya da Ireland]] suka kafa, an kafa su ne a shekarar 1831, kuma an yi nufin su kasance ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. <ref name="citizen">{{Cite web |title=Choosing a primary school - Types of primary school |url=https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/education/primary_and_post_primary_education/going_to_primary_school/types_primary_school.html#l31e8b |access-date=20 February 2020 |website=citizensinformation.ie |publisher=Citizens Information Board}}</ref> Hukumar Ilimi ta Ƙasa ce ke kula da makarantun, tare da kwamitin mambobi shida da ya ƙunshi [[Cocin katolika|Katolika na Roman]] guda biyu, Cocin Ireland guda biyu, da kuma Presbyterian guda biyu. A makarantun ƙasa, dole ne a sami ƙayyadadden iyaka tsakanin ilimin addini da na addini, inda malamin zai bayyana cewa an fara koyar da addini, ya rataye alama a bango ko ƙofa yana nuna cewa ana kan aiwatar da koyar da addini, sannan ya cire duk alamomin addini da abubuwan da ba a gani ba lokacin da aka kammala koyar da addini. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Education {{!}} Irish history Live |url=https://www.qub.ac.uk/sites/irishhistorylive/IrishHistoryResources/Shortarticlesandencyclopaediaentries/Encyclopaedia/LengthyEntries/Education/ |access-date=2021-09-01 |publisher=[[Queen's University Belfast]]}}</ref> Haka kuma, iyaye suna da haƙƙin cire 'ya'yansu daga wannan lokacin na ilimin addini idan ya saɓa wa imaninsu na addini. A ƙarshe, makarantun da suka kasa bin waɗannan ƙa'idodi ko kuma waɗanda suka ƙi amincewa da addinai daban-daban ga mai kula da su an hana su tallafin gwamnati. Waɗannan ƙa'idodi galibi suna nan a yau, amma gwamnati, ƙungiyoyin masu kula da su, ko jama'a ba sa amincewa da su akai-akai. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (February 2020)">binciken asali?</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A farkon karni na 19, a cikin yanayi na ƙiyayya tsakanin majami'u, tsarin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban ya yi adawa sosai: cocin da aka kafa ( Cocin Ireland ), kodayake cocin tsiraru, yana da matsayi na musamman da haƙƙin goyon bayan gwamnati wajen haɓaka Anglicanism . [[Cocin katolika|Cocin Katolika na Roman]], wanda ke fitowa daga lokacin da aka danne a Ireland, da kuma mabiya addinin Protestant Presbyterian, waɗanda suma suka sha wahala a ƙarƙashin dokokin hukunci, sun nemi goyon bayan gwamnati ga makarantun al'adunsu. <ref name="coolahan" /> Misali, James Doyle, Bishop na Roman Katolika na Kildare da Leighlin, ya kasance mai goyon bayan farko, yana neman inganta tsarin [[Makarantar Hedge|makarantun shinge]] na yau da kullun. Doyle ya yi magana a gaban Kwamitin Majalisa: {{Blockquote|I do not see how any man wishing well to the public peace, and who looks to Ireland as his country, can think that peace can be permanently established, or the prosperity of the country ever well secured, if children are separated at the commencement of life on account of their religious opinions.}} == Nassoshi == r405casbm0b88ucrougi3lrs3r3998i 0 160997 892594 878258 2026-08-07T12:42:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makaranta daban-daban''' rarrabuwa ce ta makarantu a ƙarƙashin dokokin ilimi na Japan da Koriya ta Kudu. == Japan == === Bayani === ''Kakushu gakko'' ( Japanese ), wani lokacin ana fassara shi a matsayin "makarantar sana'o'i daban-daban", rarrabuwa ce ta makarantu a Japan, wacce aka kafa ta Mataki na 134 na {{Interlanguage link|School Education Act|ja|学校教育法}} . <ref>{{Cite web |title=日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム - &#91;法令本文表示&#93; - 学校教育法 |url=http://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/law/detail/?id=272&vm=&re=01 |access-date=2026-07-07 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102612/http://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/law/detail/?id=272&vm=&re=01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nau'ikan makarantu da aka rarraba a matsayin makarantu daban-daban sun haɗa da makarantun tuƙi, makarantun sana'o'i, da wasu makarantun ƙasa da ƙasa (kamar {{Transl|ja|[[Chōsen gakkō]]}} wanda Chongryon mai alaƙa da Koriya ta Arewa ke gudanarwa). Saboda wannan matsayin suna samun ƙaramin tallafin gwamnati fiye da makarantun masu zaman kansu na Japan na yau da kullun. Wadanda suka kammala karatunsu kuma suna iya fuskantar matsaloli wajen yin rijista don yin jarrabawar shiga makarantun sakandare da jami'o'i. <ref name="MEXT">{{Cite web |title=（別添）外国人学校の各種学校設置・準学校法人設立の認可に関する調査研究 関係団体、外国人学校への調査結果：文部科学省 |url=http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chousa/kokusai/011/attach/1319315.htm |access-date=2026-07-07 |archive-date=2025-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251207063436/https://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chousa/kokusai/011/attach/1319315.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Misali, Makarantar Sinanci ta Osaka ta yi gargaɗi ga iyaye na ɗaliban da ke son yin karatu a OCS cewa, yayin da gwamnatin ƙaramar hukumar [[Osaka]] ta ba wa waɗanda suka kammala karatun OCS waɗanda 'yan ƙasar China ne da kuma mutanen da suka fito daga China damar yin jarrabawar makarantar sakandare ta gwamnati, gwamnati ta ƙi irin wannan izinin ga waɗanda suka kammala karatun OCS waɗanda 'yan ƙasar Japan ne waɗanda ba 'yan asalin China ba ne. <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:大阪中華學校 2016 年度募集要項 |trans-title=2016 Admissions Guidelines |url=http://www.ocs.ed.jp/pdf/baoming-2016.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105554/http://www.ocs.ed.jp/pdf/baoming-2016.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=[[Osaka Chinese School]] |language=ja}}</ref> Ya zuwa ranar 1 ga Mayu, 2007, akwai "makarantu daban-daban" guda 120 waɗanda ba a yi nufin su ga yaran Japan ba; sun haɗa da {{Transl|ja|chōsen gakkō}} guda 79, makarantun China guda biyar, makarantu huɗu waɗanda ke hidimar ɗaliban Brazil ko Peru, da kuma makaranta ɗaya da ke da alaƙa da Koriya ta Kudu, tare da wasu makarantun ƙasa da ƙasa guda 31. === Ka'idojin ganewa === Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta wancan lokacin ta bayar da ƙa'idodi da suka bayyana ƙa'idojin amincewa a matsayin makaranta daban-daban a shekarar 1956. A ƙarƙashin waɗannan ƙa'idodin, an bai wa gwamnonin gundumomi ikon amincewa da makarantu daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |year=1956 |title=各種学校規程（昭和三十一年文部省令第三十一号） |url=http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shougai/senshuu/04062902.htm |access-date=2015-10-23 |publisher=Ministry of Education |postscript=none}}. The regulations have also been amended in 2004: {{Cite web |date=2004-06-21 |title=専修学校設置基準の一部を改正する省令及び各種学校規程の一部を改正する省令の施行について（通知） |url=http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shougai/senshuu/04062903.htm |access-date=2015-10-23 |publisher=[[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology]]}}</ref> Saboda haka, ƙa'idodin amincewa sun bambanta dangane da gundumomi. Misali, tun daga shekarar 2011, mafi ƙarancin iyaka ga jimillar kadarori a matsayin rabon kuɗin aiki na shekara-shekara ya kama daga kashi ɗaya cikin shida zuwa kashi biyu bisa uku, kuma wasu gundumomi suna buƙatar makarantu daban-daban su mallaki filaye da gine-gine a matsayin sharaɗin amincewa, yayin da wasu suka sassauta wannan ƙa'ida kuma suka ba wa makarantun da ke hayar kayan aikinsu na dogon lokaci ko ma na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Wasu makarantun ƙasashen duniya sun sami damar sauya daga "makarantu daban-daban" zuwa abin da ake kira "makarantar Mataki na 1" ( {{Lang|ja|第1条校}} ) ) matsayi, wanda hakan ya sa suka zama makarantun masu zaman kansu na yau da kullun da aka amince da su a ƙarƙashin dokar Japan. <ref name="MEXT"/> {{Transl|ja|Chōsen gakkō}} ba su sami damar samun irin wannan amincewa a hukumance a matsayin makarantu masu zaman kansu ba, wani yanayi da magoya bayansu suka bayyana a matsayin wariya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮学校の場所（６）/日本の学校制度 |url=http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/na-edu/basyo9905hdh/sinboj99060481.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531081741/http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/na-edu/basyo9905hdh/sinboj99060481.htm |archive-date=2009-05-31 |access-date=2015-10-22}}</ref> == Koriya ta Kudu == Rarraba {{Transl|ko|gakjong hakkyo}} ( Korean ) an bayyana shi a cikin ƙa'idodi da aka fitar ƙarƙashin ikon Mataki na 60, Sashe na 3 na Dokar Ilimi ta Firamare da Tsakiya, da Mataki na 59, Sashe na 3 na Dokar Ilimi Mai Girma. Mataki na 12 na ƙa'idodin ya bayyana makarantu ga baƙi waɗanda ke bin manhajar ƙasar waje a matsayin nau'in ''gakjong hakkyo'' ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=국가법령정보센터 &#124; 법령 > 본문 - 각종학교에관한규칙 |url=http://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=137574&efYd=20130323}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> fai4vw78uwa8szygnnppggmnvkj3nn6 0 161061 892590 878852 2026-08-07T12:26:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar bazara''' (ko '''jami'ar bazara''' ) makaranta ce, ko kuma shiri wanda makaranta ko gundumar makaranta ke ɗaukar nauyinsa, ko kuma wanda wani kamfani mai zaman kansa ke bayarwa, wanda ke ba da darussa da ayyuka a lokacin hutun bazara . An nuna cewa shiga makarantun bazara yana da tasiri mai yawa ga ilimi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=H. |last2=Charlton |first2=K. |last3=Valentine |first3=J. C. |last4=Muhlenbruck |first4=L. |year=2000 |title=Making the most of summer school: a meta-analytic and narrative review |journal=Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=i-v, 1–118; discussion 119–27 |doi=10.1111/1540-5834.00059 |pmid=12467098}}</ref> == A Arewacin Amurka == A makarantun firamare da sakandare, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen makarantun bazara don koyar da gyara, kodayake wasu shirye-shiryen sansanin kwana-kwana waɗanda ba na ilimi ba suna kiran kansu makarantar bazara. A makarantar sakandare, kwaleji ko [[jami'a]], ɗalibai za su iya yin rajista a cikin azuzuwan don a yi la'akari da maki a cikin matsakaicin maki ko kuma takardar shaidar karatunsu. A makarantar sakandare, galibi ana amfani da makarantar bazara don dalilai na gyara. Duk da haka, a kwalejoji da jami'o'i, a tarihi ana amfani da ita azaman ci gaba a cikin lokutan bashi don manufar ƙwarewa da haɓaka aiki. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McLean |first=Scott |date=August 2024 |title=From Missionary Zeal to Holiday Appeal: Summer School, Professionalization, and Teachers in Canada, 1915-1959 |journal=History of Education Quarterly |volume=64 |issue=3 |pages=242–269 |doi=10.1017/heq.2023.54 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Jami'o'i da yawa suna ba da gajerun darussa na bazara don jawo hankalin ɗalibai na gida da na ƙasashen waje, kuma waɗannan shirye-shiryen galibi suna kewaye da ayyukan zamantakewa. A fannin ilimi, kalmar na iya nufin wani nau'in taro . Yawanci, masana da aka kafa za su gabatar da gabatarwa kan batutuwa masu zurfi a wani fanni ga ɗaliban digiri na biyu . Irin wannan makarantar bazara galibi ana shirya ta ne a matakin ƙasa ko na duniya, kuma ba a ba da maki ba. Haka kuma, kwaleji ko jami'a wani lokacin tana ba da shirin bazara ga malamai ko wasu ƙwararrun ma'aikata da ke son kammala karatunsu na ƙwararru ko na gabaɗaya. Wasu makarantun bazara na jama'a ne waɗanda ba sa buƙatar jarrabawa kuma ba don dalilan digiri ba ne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Cape Town Summer School |url=http://www.summerschool.uct.ac.za/ |access-date=2014-04-30 |publisher=University of Cape Town, Extra-mural studies}}</ref> == Sauran duniya == A wajen [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]], kalmar tana da faffadan ma'ana kuma tana nufin dukkan shekaru kuma ta haɗa da nishaɗi da sauran fannoni marasa ilimi, don haka, misali, kwas kan shimfida shinge wataƙila yana nufin tsofaffi. A waɗannan yankuna, Makarantun bazara na Kiɗa, a gefe guda, ana iya tsara su don ɗaliban da suka kai shekaru makaranta, ɗaliban kwaleji, ko ƙwararrun manya ko masu son shiga a matakai daban-daban na cimma nasara. Makarantun bazara kuma za su iya ba wa ɗalibai ƙwarewar ilimi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Immerse Education |url=https://www.immerse.education/ |access-date=5 August 2019 |publisher=Immerse Education}}</ref> waɗanda ba za su samu a lokacin karatunsu na yau da kullun ba. Wannan na iya haɗawa da darussan da ba a saba bayarwa a makarantu ba (kamar shari'a, wanda ba a saba bayarwa a makarantun Burtaniya amma ana iya koyarwa a makarantun bazara), ko kuma ƙwarewar karatu a tsohuwar jami'a <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oxford Summer Courses |url=http://www.oxfordsummercourses.com/ |access-date=2018-12-10 |publisher=Oxford Summer Courses}}</ref> ko jami'a ko kwaleji wacce ke da suna mai ƙarfi a fagen duniya, kamar Jami'ar Oxford. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oxford Summer School 2021 |url=https://www.oxford-royale.com/summer-schools/oxford/ |access-date=2020-08-04 |publisher=Oxford Royale Academy}}</ref> Makarantun bazara kuma na iya haɗawa da nau'ikan balaguro da tafiye-tafiyen filin fiye da yadda zai yiwu a cikin ilimin yau da kullun, don haka wasu makarantun bazara <ref>{{Cite web |title=SAGE Summer School (E-Learning) |url=https://summerschool.sageuniversity.edu.in/ |access-date=2020-06-27 |publisher=SAGE Summer School (E-Learning) |archive-date=2021-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518072850/http://summerschool.sageuniversity.edu.in/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> suna bin layi tsakanin ilimi da hutu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oxford Summer Courses |url=https://oxfordsummercourses.com/articles/the-art-of-debate-at-oxford-summer-courses/ |access-date=2018-12-10 |publisher=Oxford Summer Courses}}</ref> Makarantun bazara suna taimaka wa ɗalibai su ci gaba a cikin yanayin gasa na aikace-aikacen jami'a da ayyukansu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Avernus Education Oxford Summer Programme |url=https://www.avernuseducation.com/oxford-summer-courses |access-date=2023-11-24 |publisher=Avernus Education |archive-date=2023-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124070605/https://www.avernuseducation.com/oxford-summer-courses |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Turanci a matsayin harshen waje == Makarantun bazara sanannen zaɓi ne ga ɗaliban Turanci a matsayin Harshen Ƙasashen waje, musamman yara. EnglishUK, kungiyar koyar da harshe ta EFL a Burtaniya, tana da mambobi sama da 470, da yawa daga cikinsu suna gudanar da makarantun bazara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EnglishUK homepage |url=http://www.englishuk.com/ |access-date=2014-04-30 |publisher=EnglishUK}}</ref> Makarantu na bazara galibi suna ba da nutsewar harshe na waje, wanda ya san fa'idodi don koyon harshe. Makarantu na bazara na wannan nau'in suna da kira ga ɗalibai da ke son neman ilimi mafi girma a ƙasashen da ke magana da Ingilishi, waɗanda ke ci gaba da zama teburin league na jami'a kuma suna samun babban kashi na ɗaliban su daga ƙasashen waje, kamar yadda makarantun bazara a waɗannan ƙasashe ke ba da haske ba kawai a cikin harshen Ingilishi ba, har ma da al'adun da ke amfani da shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Times World University Rankings |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2014/reputation-ranking |access-date=2014-04-30 |publisher=Times Higher Education}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The 100 most international universities in the world |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/the-100-most-international-universities-in-the-world/2010783.fullarticle |access-date=2014-04-30 |publisher=Times Higher Education}}</ref> Har ma suna iya ba da jagora ga irin waɗannan ɗalibai a aikace-aikacen jami'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University Preparation Summer Courses at Earlscliffe |url=https://summerboardingcourses.com/courses/university-preparation-summer-school/earlscliffe-college/ |access-date=2022-01-13 |website=Summer Boarding Courses |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Duba kuma == == Manazarta == ir5dj7hgoekfq7py63e7b9z6wcyvm7a 0 161120 892925 887851 2026-08-08T10:45:07Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Numazu Military Academy (沼津兵学校, Numazu heigakkō) was one of the first schools organized along western lines in Japan, and was located in [[Numazu, Shizuoka]]. Although the academy operated only from December 1868 to 1871, it made a major contribution to the development of [[public education]] in Japan. It was later merged into the [[Imperial Japanese Army Academy]]. == Tarihi == A lokacin Bakumatsu, ƙungiyar sojojin Tokugawa ta yi ƙoƙarin sabunta rundunar sojojinta da taimakon masu ba da shawara kan sojojin Faransa . Wannan yunƙurin bai yi nasara ba, kuma bayan Yaƙin Boshin na dawo da Meiji, ƙabilar Tokugawa, waɗanda a da suka mallaki ƙasar da kuɗin shiga sama da ''koku miliyan takwas,'' sun ragu zuwa ''koku'' 700,000, waɗanda suka bazu a lardunan Suruga, Tōtōmi da Mikawa, tare da shugaban ƙabilar, Tokugawa Iesato, suka ƙaura zuwa Numazu. A wannan lokacin, wata ƙungiyar ''hatamoto ,'' ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ebara Soroku, Abe Kuninosuke da Yatabori Keizō sun dawo daga karatu a Netherlands, suka yanke shawarar kafa makarantar sojoji a kan layin yamma a cikin harabar Gidan Numazu a watan Disamba na 1868. Manhajar makarantar ta haɗa da harsunan Turanci da Faransanci da tattaunawa, kimiyyar lissafi da sinadarai, ilimin ƙasa, ilmin taurari, tarihin duniya da ka'idar tattalin arziƙi. An kuma auna manhajar zuwa lissafi, musamman lissafi da trigonometry, inda aka ɗauke ta a matsayin muhimman darussan soja saboda amfani da su a fannin kewayawa, harba manyan bindigogi da kuma binciken ƙasa. Shugaban farko na makarantar shine Nishi Amane, wanda shine babban mai jagoranci a ƙirƙirar makarantar firamare da ke da alaƙa da makarantar sojoji, wadda yanzu ake ɗaukarta a matsayin makarantar firamare ta farko ta yammacin Japan. A shekarar 1869, Kwalejin Soja ta Numazu ta buga littafin farko na Japan kan injiniyan soja . A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 1871, makarantar ta zo ƙarƙashin ikon Ma'aikatar Yaƙi kai tsaye, kuma a shekarar 1872, an rufe ta, aka ƙaura zuwa Tokyo, inda aka haɗa ta da sabuwar Kwalejin Sojojin Japan ta Daular Japan . Duk da cewa ta kasance tsawon shekaru huɗu kacal, ɗaliban makarantar sakandare 210 da suka kammala karatun firamare 150 sun haɗa da da yawa waɗanda suka ci gaba da aiki a matsayin janar-janar a cikin Rundunar Sojojin Japan ta Daular Japan, admirals a cikin Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Daular Japan ko kuma a matsayin fitattun malamai ko 'yan siyasa. Makarantar firamare ta yi aiki a matsayin abin koyi ga sauran makarantun firamare waɗanda aka kafa ba da daɗewa ba a duk faɗin Japan. Kwalejin Soja ta Numazu ita ma ta kasance batun fim ɗin darakta Tadashi Imai na farko a shekarar 1939. <ref>[http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/1939/bo000810.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023529/http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/1939/bo000810.htm |date=2016-03-04 }} Japanese movie database {{In lang|ja}}</ref> == Manazarta == 1cs2j4vlagzh9zjq0zawh9qezugngn8 892926 892925 2026-08-08T10:45:19Z Dan Gwandu 43546 892926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Numazu Military Academy (沼津兵学校, Numazu heigakkō) was one of the first schools organized along western lines in Japan, and was located in [[Numazu, Shizuoka]]. Although the academy operated only from December 1868 to 1871, it made a major contribution to the development of [[public education]] in Japan. It was later merged into the [[Imperial Japanese Army Academy]]. == Tarihi == A lokacin Bakumatsu, ƙungiyar sojojin Tokugawa ta yi ƙoƙarin sabunta rundunar sojojinta da taimakon masu ba da shawara kan sojojin Faransa . Wannan yunƙurin bai yi nasara ba, kuma bayan Yaƙin Boshin na dawo da Meiji, ƙabilar Tokugawa, waɗanda a da suka mallaki ƙasar da kuɗin shiga sama da ''koku miliyan takwas,'' sun ragu zuwa ''koku'' 700,000, waɗanda suka bazu a lardunan Suruga, Tōtōmi da Mikawa, tare da shugaban ƙabilar, Tokugawa Iesato, suka ƙaura zuwa Numazu. A wannan lokacin, wata ƙungiyar ''hatamoto ,'' ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ebara Soroku, Abe Kuninosuke da Yatabori Keizō sun dawo daga karatu a Netherlands, suka yanke shawarar kafa makarantar sojoji a kan layin yamma a cikin harabar Gidan Numazu a watan Disamba na 1868. Manhajar makarantar ta haɗa da harsunan Turanci da Faransanci da tattaunawa, kimiyyar lissafi da sinadarai, ilimin ƙasa, ilmin taurari, tarihin duniya da ka'idar tattalin arziƙi. An kuma auna manhajar zuwa lissafi, musamman lissafi da trigonometry, inda aka ɗauke ta a matsayin muhimman darussan soja saboda amfani da su a fannin kewayawa, harba manyan bindigogi da kuma binciken ƙasa. Shugaban farko na makarantar shine Nishi Amane, wanda shine babban mai jagoranci a ƙirƙirar makarantar firamare da ke da alaƙa da makarantar sojoji, wadda yanzu ake ɗaukarta a matsayin makarantar firamare ta farko ta yammacin Japan. A shekarar 1869, Kwalejin Soja ta Numazu ta buga littafin farko na Japan kan injiniyan soja . A ranar 12 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1871, makarantar ta zo ƙarƙashin ikon Ma'aikatar Yaƙi kai tsaye, kuma a shekarar 1872, an rufe ta, aka ƙaura zuwa Tokyo, inda aka haɗa ta da sabuwar Kwalejin Sojojin Japan ta Daular Japan . Duk da cewa ta kasance tsawon shekaru huɗu kacal, ɗaliban makarantar sakandare 210 da suka kammala karatun firamare 150 sun haɗa da da yawa waɗanda suka ci gaba da aiki a matsayin janar-janar a cikin Rundunar Sojojin Japan ta Daular Japan, admirals a cikin Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Daular Japan ko kuma a matsayin fitattun malamai ko 'yan siyasa. Makarantar firamare ta yi aiki a matsayin abin koyi ga sauran makarantun firamare waɗanda aka kafa ba da daɗewa ba a duk faɗin Japan. Kwalejin Soja ta Numazu ita ma ta kasance batun fim ɗin darakta Tadashi Imai na farko a shekarar 1939. <ref>[http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/1939/bo000810.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023529/http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/1939/bo000810.htm |date=2016-03-04 }} Japanese movie database {{In lang|ja}}</ref> == Manazarta == lmbickuq7rsehl9sj2bvn3gm2d9mrtg 0 161137 892591 879379 2026-08-07T12:28:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:University_of_Wisconsin_-_Eau_Claire_-_Laboratory_School_-_Park_School_-_One-way_mirrors_for_upper-level_observation_deck_viewing_down_into_classroom.jpg|thumb|Tsohuwar makarantar dakin gwaje-gwaje a Jami'ar Wisconsin-Eau Claire, tare da madubai masu hanya ɗaya a cikin bene na sama na lura, wanda ke ba wa farfesoshi damar kallon ajin.]] [[Fayil:University_of_Wisconsin_-_Eau_Claire_-_Laboratory_School_-_Park_School_-_Observation_room_alongside_classroom_with_one-way_mirror.jpg|thumb|Ɗakin ɗaya, yana nuna ɗakin lura da madubi mai hanya ɗaya a gefen dama na ajin]] '''Makarantar dakin gwaje-gwaje''', '''makarantar gwaji''', ko '''makarantar gwaji''', makarantar [[Makarantar Firamare|firamare]] ce ko sakandare da ke aiki tare da jami'a, kwaleji, ko wata cibiyar koyar da malamai kuma ana amfani da ita don horar da malamai na gaba, gwaje-gwajen ilimi, binciken ilimi, da haɓaka ƙwarewa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=nals.net |url=http://www.nals.net/about+nals/mission.html |website=www.nals.net}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lab Schools - PrivateSchoolReview.com |url=http://www.privateschoolreview.com/articles/159 |website=PrivateSchoolReview.com}}</ref> Yawancin makarantun dakin gwaje-gwaje suna bin tsari{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2012}} na [[Ilimi na gogewa|ilimin gogewa]] bisa ga Makarantar Dakin Gwaji ta asali da John Dewey ke gudanarwa a Jami'ar Chicago . <ref>{{Cite web |title=John Dewey's Laboratory School in Chicago |url=http://mi-knoll.de/122501.html |website=mi-knoll.de}}</ref> Yawancin makarantun dakin gwaje-gwaje har yanzu suna aiki a Amurka da kuma a duk faɗin duniya. An san su da sunaye da yawa: makarantun dakin gwaje-gwaje, makarantun gwaji, makarantun harabar jami'a, makarantun samfura, makarantun da ke da alaƙa da jami'a, makarantun ci gaban yara, da sauransu, kuma yawancinsu suna da alaƙa da kwaleji ko jami'a. Kowace makaranta da ke da alaƙa da jami'a tana da alaƙa ta musamman da kwaleji ko jami'a da kuma tsarin maki daban-daban. Wasu makarantun dakin gwaje-gwaje na yara ne kawai na makarantar renon yara ko na renon yara, wasu kuma na makarantar renon yara har zuwa aji na biyar ko shida, wasu kuma suna ci gaba har zuwa makarantar sakandare. Makarantar Khan Lab da ke [[Silicon Valley]] tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantun dakin gwaje-gwaje kaɗan da ba su da alaƙa da kwaleji ko jami'a. Tana da alaƙa da Khan Academy, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta ilimi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=What is a lab school? |url=https://khanlabschool.org/what-lab-school |publisher=Khan Lab School |access-date=2026-07-09 |archive-date=2020-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810030458/https://khanlabschool.org/what-lab-school |url-status=dead }}</ref> An nuna gwajin makarantar na soke matakan aji a [[Muryan Amurka|Muryar Amurka]] a shekarar 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Experimental Silicon Valley School Abolishes Grade Levels |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/experimental-silicon-valley-school-abolishes-grade-levels/3629455.html |publisher=Voice of America}}</ref> == Lura da aji == Farfesoshin jami'a na iya lura da azuzuwan makarantar dakin gwaje-gwaje don tantance ɗalibi-malamin. Yawanci ana yin hakan ba tare da sanin ɗalibai ko malamai ba kai tsaye, don guje wa haifar da abubuwan da ke ɗauke hankali ko kawo cikas ga ayyukan aji. Kafin a rage tsarin kallon kyamara ta lantarki, makarantun dakin gwaje-gwaje galibi suna da tsarin lura kai tsaye mai kyau tare da benaye na musamman a saman azuzuwa ko ɗakunan lura tare da azuzuwan. Madubin hanya ɗaya da tsarin lasifika/intercom sun ba farfesa damar kallon azuzuwan a hankali ba tare da ɗalibai ko malamin ɗalibi ya gan su ba. Sabanin haka, makarantar dakin gwaje-gwaje ta zamani tana iya amfani da tsarin ɗakin makaranta na yau da kullun. An sanya wa ɗakunan kyamarorin CCTV ɓoye a cikin baƙaƙen rufin filastik a kan rufin. Na'urorin hangen nesa masu rikitarwa da kyamarori da yawa suna ba da damar kumbo ɗaya mai tsayawa ya kalli digiri 360, ba tare da hayaniya ta injiniya ko sassan motsi ba. Haɗin intanet mai sauri yana ba wa farfesa a kwaleji damar kallo da mu'amala da malamai daga nesa a makarantar dakin gwaje-gwaje mai nisa. A kowane hali, ɗalibai da malamai na ɗalibai sun san cewa lura na iya faruwa, amma ba su san lokacin da irin wannan lura ya faru ba. == Manazarta == jz6sk7zuvr3tpwxhp557cdr2ldqum26 0 161203 892604 880099 2026-08-07T13:42:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Mandurah City''' ƙungiya ce ta [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ta ƙwararru a Ostiraliya da ke Mandurah, Yammacin Ostiraliya . Filin wasansu shine Peelwood Reserve a Halls Head . Ƙungiyar tana da 'yan wasa sama da 300 da suka yi rijista, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙungiyoyin Juniors, Social, Women, Semi-pro da Masters. A halin yanzu ( 2023 ) suna fafatawa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta West State League Division 1 . == Tarihi == An kafa Mandurah City a shekarar 1970, kuma ta buga kakar wasa ta farko a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kudu maso Yamma, kuma ta lashe gasar a shekarar 1972. <ref name="MCFChistory">{{Cite web |title=Mandurah City&nbsp;– Our History |url=http://www.mandurahcityfc.com.au/the-club/club-history/ |access-date=24 May 2016 |publisher=Mandurah City FC |archive-date=21 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521024527/http://www.mandurahcityfc.com.au/the-club/club-history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga nan sai ƙungiyar ta shiga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Yammacin Australiya (WASSA), inda ta ci gaba har zuwa 2002. A wannan lokacin a cikin 'yan wasan, ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta amateur a shekarar 1995 ƙarƙashin jagorancin koci Jim Mayers. A shekara ta 2002, ƙungiyar ta bar matsayin 'yan wasa na asali ta shiga gasar Western Australian Semi Professional League kuma aka naɗa ta zakaran Division 1 a shekara ta 2007, inda ta sami ci gaba zuwa gasar Premier League a kakar wasa ta 2008. Bayan shekaru huɗu a gasar, ƙungiyar ta koma matsayi na biyu bayan kakar wasa ta 2011. A shekarar 2013, ƙungiyar ba ta yi nasarar neman shiga gasar National Premier Leagues Western Australia ba, sannan ta shiga matakin sake ginawa da sake fasalin ƙungiyar. An naɗa Doug Hesketh Daraktan ƙwallon ƙafa kuma manajan ƙungiya ta farko a shekarar 2015. <ref name="MCFChistory"/> A ƙarƙashin tsarin NPL, an sake kafa ci gaba da faɗuwa a kakar wasa ta 2016 ; Mandurah City ta kasance Zakaran Division 1 na 2015, amma ba ta cika dukkan sharuɗɗan cancantar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta yamma don a ɗaukaka ta ba. Bayan ta zo ta biyu a gasar a gasar State League Division 1 ta 2016, an sanar da cewa Mandurah City za ta fafata a gasar National Premier League ta 2017, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Football West confirm JUFC'S Place in a 14- team NPL |url=http://joondalupunitedfc.com.au/jufc-part-14-team-npl-next-season/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201222749/http://joondalupunitedfc.com.au/jufc-part-14-team-npl-next-season/ |archive-date=2016-12-01}}</ref> amma sun daɗe a manyan gasa na tsawon kakar wasa ɗaya kawai. Shekarar 2020 ta fara sabon zamani ga Mandurah City FC bayan naɗa John Baird, ƙwararren ɗan wasan Scotland, a matsayin ɗan wasa, koci da kuma daraktan ƙwallon ƙafa. A ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa ƙungiyar farko ta fara aiki. == Filin wasa na gida == Filin wasan ƙungiyar shine Peelwood Reserve (wanda aka sani da PoolMart Stadium saboda dalilai na tallafi), wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun filayen wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a gasar. Wurin ya karbi bakuncin wasanni da dama na sada zumunci tsakanin ƙungiyar A-League da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Singapore . <ref name="MCFChistory"/> == Tawagar da ke aiki a yanzu == {{Updated|March 2022}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.footballwa.net/|title=2020 Season Preview|publisher=www.footballwa.net|access-date=3 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Swan - Swan United Football Club Match Day Programmme - Swan United v Mandurah City|publisher=Swan United Football Club|date=30 September 2018}}</ref>  * Baƙi da Fari&nbsp;– Mujallar Hukuma ta Mandurah City FC- 15 ga Fabrairu == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.mandurahcity.com Shafin Yanar Gizo na Birnin Mandurah na Hukuma] {{WASL Clubs}} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} 3ay3us3r67x8ociepplrbmaqcnbmspz 0 161290 892830 880774 2026-08-08T10:05:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Pamela D. Stevenson''' (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 1959) 'yar siyasa ce ta Amurka, lauya, kuma Kanar Sojan [[United States Air Force|Sama na Amurka]] mai ritaya. 'Yar Democrat ce kuma tana wakiltar Gundumar 43 a Majalisar Dokokin Kentucky . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Legislator-Profile – Legislative Research Commission – Representative Pamela Stevenson (D) |url=https://legislature.ky.gov/Legislators/Pages/Legislator-Profile.aspx?DistrictNumber=43 |access-date=2021-01-22 |website=[[Kentucky General Assembly]]}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 2025, Stevenson ya ƙaddamar da kamfen a zaɓen Majalisar Dattawan Amurka na 2026 a Kentucky, yana neman takarar Democrat don maye gurbin Mitch McConnell, ɗan Republican mai ritaya, wanda ya yi ritaya, wanda ya yi ritaya. Stevenson ya sha kaye a zaɓen ga Charles Booker . == Rayuwar farko, ilimi da aikin soja == An haifi Stevenson kuma ya girma a Louisville, Kentucky, yana karatun Sakandare a Shawnee kafin ya koma Makarantar Sakandare ta Brown . Stevenson ya kammala karatunsa da digirin farko na Kimiyya a fannin kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Indiana Bloomington a shekarar 1981, sannan a shekarar 1984 ya sami digirin farko na Shari'a daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Maurer ta Jami'ar Indiana . Stevenson ya yi shekaru 27 yana aiki a matsayin Alkalin Alkalai Janar a [[United States Air Force|rundunar sojin saman Amurka]] kuma ya yi ritaya da mukamin Kanar . <ref name="WHAS">{{Cite web |last=Shanklin |first=Sherlene |date=April 2021 |title=Kentucky lawmakers have 'beautiful conversation' after emotional speech during debate |url=https://www.whas11.com/article/news/politics/pamela-stevenson-louisville-rep-air-force-colonel/417-e130961a-eb46-4afc-8074-25cf1583b4a5 |access-date=27 April 2023 |website=WHAS11}}</ref> A shekarar 2015, Stevenson ya kafa Cibiyar Shari'a ta Stevenson, wadda ke ba da wakilcin shari'a ga tsoffin sojoji da tsofaffi. <ref name="Richmond">{{Cite web |last=Marling |first=Sierra |date=9 February 2023 |title=Colonel Pamela Stevenson meets prospective voters at Berea's Nightjar |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/colonel-pamela-stevenson-meets-prospective-155800026.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAKJzmvo6RQ_SZBCjBp0O8ELHo4R5EgItNWkvJUxuVC1fjlEJVSPRIlad0BZFqAS8XuNQ7LLFJWeF2cOv-1_LNq8pFZc-UtzCY3s-1QRZtMdkhnWgBnmbXBcBdwIB7VfoRegqAUCTh62RyxJQvHmIkoz0WJN8imWeyQFi45W_vEk0 |access-date=27 April 2023 |website=Richmond Register}}</ref> Stevenson ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa mai taimako a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Louisville Brandeis . <ref name="Col. Pamela Stevenson">{{Cite web |title=Col. Pamela Stevenson |url=https://ky.emergeamerica.org/alumna/col-pamela-stevenson/ |website=Emerge Kentucky}}</ref> <ref name="Stevenson">{{Cite web |last=Stevenson |first=Pamela D. |date=November 1, 2019 |title=After my military service, I chose to be a catalyst for social change in the community |url=https://www.courier-journal.com/story/opinion/2019/11/01/veterans-retired-military-colonel-now-serves-her-louisville-community/2502191001/ |access-date=August 10, 2022 |website=[[Courier Journal]]}}</ref> == Majalisar Wakilai ta Kentucky == An zabi Stevenson a Majalisar Wakilai ta Kentucky a shekarar 2020, inda ya maye gurbin Charles Booker, wanda ya tsaya takarar Majalisar Dattawan Amurka . Stevenson ta shahara da jawabanta masu cike da sha'awa. <ref name="WHAS"/> A watan Maris na 2023, wani jawabi da ta yi don adawa da zartar da Dokar Majalisar Kentucky ta 470, wadda ta haramta [[Kula da lafiyar transgender|kula]] da matasa masu canza jinsi da kuma takaita koyarwar makaranta kan sha'awar jima'i da kuma asalin jinsi, ya yadu a yanar gizo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rhodes |first=Christopher |date=March 14, 2023 |title=Black Kentucky Lawmaker Gives Passionate Speech Against Anti-Trans Bill |url=https://news.yahoo.com/black-kentucky-lawmaker-gives-passionate-182216339.html |access-date=April 3, 2023 |website=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |date=March 30, 2023 |title=Kentucky Passes One of Nation's Worst Anti-LGBTQ+ Laws by Veto Override |url=https://www.advocate.com/politics/gender-affirming-care-ban-kentucky |access-date=April 3, 2023 |website=[[The Advocate (magazine)|The Advocate]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hedrick |first=Chad |date=March 29, 2023 |title=Protesters escorted from House Chamber as controversial 'anti-trans' bill becomes law |url=https://www.wkyt.com/2023/03/30/protesters-escorted-house-chamber-controversial-anti-trans-bill-becomes-law/ |access-date=April 3, 2023 |website=[[WKYT]]}}</ref> Stevenson ya sake yin wani jawabi a ranar 29 ga Maris, 2023, game da Dokar Majalisar Dattawa mai lamba 150 wadda, kamar Dokar Majalisar Kentucky mai lamba 470, za ta haramta duk wani kiwon lafiya mai tabbatar da jinsi ga mutanen da suka canza jinsi 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morava |first=Maria |date=2023-04-01 |title=Lawmaker delivers incredible speech as trans rights protesters storm hearing |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2023/04/01/kentucky-trans-rights-speech-protest/ |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=PinkNews |language=en-US}}</ref>   == Takarar Babban Lauyan Kentucky ta 2023 == A watan Nuwamba na 2022, Stevenson ta sanar da takararta ta zama Babban Lauyan Kentucky a shekarar 2023. Ta zama 'yar takarar Democrat bayan babu wani ɗan takara da ya shigar da ƙara a zaɓen Firamare, inda ta zama mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin mukami a Kentucky. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Watkins |first=Morgan |date=November 28, 2022 |title=Louisville Rep. Pamela Stevenson launches 2023 bid for Kentucky attorney general |url=https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/politics/elections/kentucky/2022/11/28/kentucky-rep-pamela-stevenson-makes-2023-bid-for-attorney-general/69682520007/ |access-date=April 3, 2023 |website=[[Courier Journal]]}}</ref> == Takarar Majalisar Dattawan Amurka ta 2026 == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 2025, bayan shawarar Sanata Mitch McConnell na kin neman wa'adi na takwas, Stevenson ta sanar da niyyarta ta tsayawa takarar Sanatan Amurka mai wakiltar Commonwealth na Kentucky ta hanyar wani rubutu a X. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Mario |date=February 10, 2025 |title=In Focus: House Minority Leader Pamela Stevenson talks 2025 legislative priorities in Kentucky General Assembly |url=https://spectrumnews1.com/ky/louisville/in-focus-shows/2025/02/10/pamela-stevenson-on-in-focus |access-date=January 5, 2026 |website=[[Spectrum News]] |quote=Stevenson also confirmed during this interview that she is running in the Democratic primary for Republican Sen. Mitch McConnell's seat in 2026.}}</ref> An yi wa Stevenson lakabi a cikin jaridun ƙasa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata baƙar fata da suka tsaya takarar Majalisar Dattawan Amurka a 2026: ciki har da Juliana Stratton da Robin Kelly daga Illinois, Jasmine Crockett daga Texas, [[Priscilla Williams Till]] daga Mississippi, da Catherine Fleming Bruce daga South Carolina. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-11 |title=Meet The 7 Black Women Running For Senate In 2026 — And Why This Year Could Make History |url=https://www.essence.com/news/money-career/black-women-running-for-senate-2026/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Essence |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Victoria |first=Kenyatta |title=Meet the Black Women Running for Senate Seats in 2026 |url=https://www.ebony.com/meet-the-black-women-running-for-senate-seats-in-2026/ |access-date=2026-01-31 |website=EBONY |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Stevenson [[Kirista]] ce, kuma an naɗa ta a matsayin minista a shekarar 2023. Tana aiki a matsayin Fasto Mataimakiyar Fasto a Cocin Baptist na Oak Grove, da ke Louisville. <ref name="Richmond"/> Tana da aure da Thomas Shannon, ƙwararren mai ɗaukar hoto. Suna da 'ya'ya biyu. <ref name="Col. Pamela Stevenson"/> <ref name="Stevenson"/> == Tarihin zaɓe == === 2018 === {{Election box begin no change}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=[[Charles Booker (American politician)|Charles Booker]]|votes=1,481|percentage=29.5}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Pamela Stevenson|votes=1,104|percentage=22.0}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Phillip "Phil" Baker|votes=929|percentage=18.5}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Mark D. Mitchell|votes=581|percentage=11.6}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Kathleen Parks|votes=507|percentage=10.1}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Jackson Andrews|votes=295|percentage=5.9}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Dre Dawson|votes=116|percentage=2.3}}{{Election box total no change}}{{End}} === 2020 === {{Election box begin no change|title=Democratic primary results}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Pamela D. Stevenson|votes=6,320|percentage=74.1}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=David L. Snardon|votes=2,214|percentage=25.9}}{{Election box total no change}}{{End}}{{Election box begin no change|title=2020 Kentucky House of Representatives 43rd district election}} {{Election box candidate unopposed with party link|candidate=Pamela D. Stevenson|party=Democratic Party (United States)}} {{Election box total no change}} {{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=Democratic Party (US)}} {{End}} === 2022 === {{Election box begin no change|title=Democratic primary results}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Pamela D. Stevenson (incumbent)|votes=2,622|percentage=53.8}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Robert LeVertis Bell|votes=2,255|percentage=46.2}}{{Election box total no change}}{{End}}{{Election box begin no change|title=2022 Kentucky House of Representatives 43rd district election}} {{Election box candidate unopposed with party link|candidate=Pamela D. Stevenson (incumbent)|party=Democratic Party (United States)}} {{Election box total no change}} {{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=Democratic Party (US)}} {{End}} === 2023 === {{Election box begin no change|title=2023 Kentucky Attorney General election}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change||party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=[[Russell Coleman]]|votes=752,692|percentage=58.0}} {{Election box candidate with party link no change||party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Pamela Stevenson|votes=544,748|percentage=42.0}} {{Election box total no change|}} {{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=Republican Party (US)}} {{End}} === 2024 === {{Election box begin no change|title=2024 Kentucky House of Representatives 43rd district election}} {{Election box candidate unopposed with party link|candidate=Pamela Stevenson (incumbent)|party=Democratic Party (United States)}} {{Election box total no change}} {{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=Democratic Party (US)}} {{End}} == Duba kuma == * 'Yan majalisar dokoki mata a Amurka * Mata baƙaƙe a harkokin siyasar Amurka == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://pamforag.com/ Pamela Stevenson ta zama shafin yanar gizo na yakin neman zabe na Attorney General] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123195514/https://pamforag.com/ |date=2025-01-23 }} {{S-start}} {{S-par|us-ky-hs}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Minority Leader of the [[Kentucky House of Representatives]]}} |- {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[Attorney General of Kentucky]]}} {{S-inc|recent}} {{S-end}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} l33l3f60miw3oh5408scmonns3ieunm 0 161392 892698 881562 2026-08-07T22:08:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mirko Vučinić''' ( Montenegrin , ; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1983) manajan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Montenegro kuma tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasa]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=rtcg.me |title=Mirko Vučinić završio igračku karijeru |url=http://www.rtcg.me/sport/fudbal/204486/mirko-vucinic-zavrsio-igracku-karijeru.html |website=RTCG – Radio Televizija Crne Gore – Nacionalni javni servis}}</ref> wanda shine manajan ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Montenegro . <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2025 |title=Mirko Vučinić preuzeo "sokole" |trans-title=Mirko Vučinić takes over the "falcons" |url=https://fscg.me/vijesti/12996/mirko-vucinic-preuzeo-sokole/ |publisher=[[Football Association of Montenegro]] |language=Montenegrin}}</ref> Vučinić mai sauri, iyawa, da ƙarfin jiki, an san shi da kerawa, fasaha, da basirarsa a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, da kuma ƙarfinsa mai ƙarfi na buga ƙwallon ƙafa daga nesa. <ref name="profile">{{Cite web |title=Player Profile |url=http://www.whoscored.com/Players/4580 |access-date=25 June 2012 |publisher=whoscored.com}}</ref> <ref name="inconsistent">{{Cite web |last=Mina Rzouki |date=21 July 2013 |title=The inconsistent genius: Mirko Vucinic |url=http://www.espnfc.us/club/juventus/111/blog/post/1852307/the-inconsistent-genius-mirko-vucinic |access-date=8 February 2016 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Bayan ya jawo hankalin Pantaleo Corvino, darektan wasanni na ƙungiyar Lecce ta Italiya, ya koma can a lokacin bazara na 2000. Ya buga wa Lecce wasa yayin da suke tafiya tsakanin Serie A da B. Kakar wasansa mafi yawan kwallaye ita ce 2004–05, tare da kwallaye 19 a wasanni 28 a gasar Serie A. A shekarar 2006, ya koma Roma, inda ya lashe gasar Coppa Italia sau biyu; daga baya ya koma Juventus a shekarar 2011, inda ya lashe kofuna uku a jere na Serie A. A watan Yulin 2014, ya koma Al Jazira kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba. A fagen wasanni na ƙasa da ƙasa, Vučinić ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta Serbia da Montenegro wasa. Saboda raunin da ya samu, bai iya wakiltar Serbia da Montenegro a [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a shekarar 2006 ba. Bayan rabuwar Serbia da Montenegro a watan Mayu na 2006, Vučinić ya zaɓi ya wakilci ƙasarsa ta haihuwa Montenegro . == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Vučinić ya fara wasa ne a kulob din garinsu Sutjeska Nikšić kafin Lecce da ke Italiya ta ɗauke shi a lokacin bazara na 2000 yana da shekaru 16. Mutumin da ya fara canja wurin shi ne darektan wasanni na kulob din a lokacin, Pantaleo Corvino, wanda tun daga lokacin ya fara yin suna wajen nuna kyakkyawan fata game da hazakar kwallon kafa da ke fitowa daga Gabashin Turai. A kakar wasa ta huɗu da ya yi a ƙungiyar, Vučinić mai shekaru 21 ya zira kwallaye 19 a wasanni 28 na gasar Serie A, ciki har da kwallaye uku da ya ci da Lazio a ranar 1 ga Mayu 2005. Bayan wannan kakar wasa mai nasara, ci gabansa ya tsaya cak inda aka samu kwallaye tara kacal a wasanni 31 yayin da aikinsa ya tsaya cak saboda rauni. === Romawa === A ranar 30 ga Agusta 2006, Vučinić ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar aro ta shekara ɗaya da Roma, wadda darajarta ta kai Yuro miliyan 3.25, tare da zaɓin siyan kashi 50% na haƙƙin yin rijistarsa daga Lecce a ƙarshen kakar wasa da ƙarin Yuro miliyan 3.75. Vučinić ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru 1+4, wadda darajarta ta kai Yuro miliyan 1.07, Yuro miliyan 1.6, Yuro miliyan 1.8 a farkon kakar wasanni uku a jimilla kowace shekara, <ref name="Romasigning" /> sannan ya karu zuwa Yuro miliyan 2.1 a cikin kakar wasanni biyu da suka gabata. <ref name="Romasigning" /> ==== kakar 2006–07 ==== A kakar wasa ta farko da ya yi a Roma, bai buga wasa mai yawa ba domin an yi masa tiyata a gwiwarsa ta hagu sau biyu. Haka kuma, kasancewar [[Francesco Totti|Francesco Totti,]] wanda ya lashe kyautar Golden Boot ta Turai, a matsayin dan wasan gaba daya a cikin 'yan wasan Roma a karkashin kocinsu Luciano Spalletti, bai bai wa Vučinić lokaci mai tsawo na wasa ba. Duk da haka, ya yi nasarar zura kwallaye uku: kwallonsa ta farko ga Roma a wasan da suka doke Siena da ci 1-0 a ranar 28 ga Janairu 2007, kwallonsa ta farko a [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a wasan kusa da na karshe na 2-1 da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2007. Ya kuma zura kwallo a wasan Serie A da Catania a wasan da ya bai wa Roma nasara da ci 2-0 a kan [[Sisiliya|Sicilians]] . ==== kakar 2007–08 ==== A farkon kakar wasa ta 2007-08, Roma ta biya Lecce farashin da aka riga aka amince da shi na Yuro miliyan 3.75 don sanya hannu kan kashi 50 cikin 100 na haƙƙin Vučinić. Ya yanke shawarar sanya rigar mai lamba 9, wacce a da Vincenzo Montella ke da ita a shekarun baya takwas, kuma ya bayyana cewa yana son yin hakan kamar yadda Montella ya yi a Roma. Ganin cewa [[Francesco Totti]] galibi ana amfani da shi a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba shi kaɗai, Vučinić ya fara buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gefe na hagu a cikin 4-2-3-1 na Luciano Spalletti . Ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Sporting CP da ci 2-1, a matakin rukuni na gasar zakarun Turai, wanda hakan ya bai wa Roma damar samun muhimmiyar ƙwallo don ta ba su maki uku. A wasan da ya biyo baya, a waje da Milan a San Siro, inda Francesco Totti ya ji rauni, Vučinić ya fara wasan a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba kuma ya ci kwallo da kai, daga wani ƙololuwar da abokin wasansa Cicinho ya yi masa. Wannan ita ce kaɗai ƙwallon da Roma ta ci a kan abokin hamayyarta. Wannan ya sake zama abin mamaki, kamar yadda a wasan da suka yi da Lazio, Roma ta yi nasara da ci 3-2, inda Vučinić ya bar tabonsa da rama ƙwallon da ƙafar hagu da kuma taimakawa Simone Perrotta ta ci. Wata ƙwallo mai mahimmanci da Vučinić ya ci ita ce wadda ya ci da kai a kan [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] a [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium|Santiago Bernabéu]], inda ya tabbatar wa ƙungiyarsa nasara da ci 2-1 da kuma cancantar shiga zagaye na gaba. ==== kakar 2008–09 ==== A watan Yunin 2008, Roma ta sayi Vučinić kai tsaye ta hanyar biyan Lecce Yuro miliyan 12, ma'ana Roma ta biya jimillar Yuro miliyan 19 ga Lecce. A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2008, ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan rukuni na gasar zakarun Turai ta Roma da [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], inda ya zama zakara a gasar zakarun Turai da ci 3-1. Roma ta kai zagaye na 16, inda ta sha kashi a hannun [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a bugun fenariti, inda Vučinić ya kasa cin kwallo a bugun fenariti da rauni a tsakiyar fili wanda mai tsaron gida Manuel Almunia ya cece shi cikin sauƙi. ==== kakar 2009–10 ==== A ranar 1 ga Yunin 2009, Roma ta sanar da cewa Vučinić ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru hudu, wanda a karkashinsa jimlar albashin kakar wasa ta 2008-09 zai karu zuwa €3.3 miliyan da kuma €4 miliyan a kakar wasa ta 2009-10; €4.2 miliyan a kakar wasa ta 2010-11; €4.5 miliyan a kakar wasa ta 2011-12 da €4.7 miliyan a kakar wasa ta 2012-13. Gasar Serie A ta 2009-10 ta fara da rashin kyau ga Roma, wanda hakan ya tilasta wa babban kocinta Luciano Spalletti yin murabus bayan rashin nasara sau biyu a farko. Zuwan sabon kocin Claudio Ranieri da farko ya kasa canza al'amura tare da kungiyar ta ci gaba da faduwa a matsayi na gaba. Masoyan Roma sun yi wa Vučinić ihu a farkon Nuwamba 2009 a wasansu da Bologna lokacin da ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana. Bayan nasarar da ta samu a wannan wasan, Roma ta yi wasanni 24 ba tare da an doke ta ba a gasar, inda ta samu damar lashe gasar a karshen kakar wasa, babban bangare kuma shi ne godiya ga ingantaccen salon Vučinić da kuma kokarin zura kwallaye a raga wanda ya hada da kwallaye uku a wasansu da [[Udinese Calcio|Udinese]] da kuma kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka yi da Lazio . ==== kakar 2010–11 ==== Kakar wasa ta 2010-11 ta fara da kyau ga Vučinić, inda ya zira kwallaye a ragar Inter Milan a lokacin da aka samu rauni. Duk da haka, yayin da kakar wasa ke ci gaba, ya fuskanci rashin kyawun wasa kuma yawan kwallayen da ya zura ya ragu sosai. Daga baya a kakar wasa ta bana an alakanta shi da komawa Tottenham. Ƙungiyar ta kuma shiga cikin rudani yayin da take cikin yanayi na rashin tabbas na lashe gasar bayan ta fuskanci ƙalubale a kakar wasa ta baya. An kori kocin Ranieri aka maye gurbinsa da Vincenzo Montella . Tsarin Vučinić bai inganta ba sosai yayin da rashin kwarin gwiwarsa ya bayyana sosai a watan Afrilu lokacin da ya rasa 'yan wasan da ke cin kwallaye a wasanni biyu a jere a gida - na farko a gasar Serie A da Palermo inda aka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 (Roma daga ƙarshe ta sha kashi 3-2), sannan kuma bayan kwana uku a wasan kusa da na karshe na Coppa Italia da Inter (Roma ta sha kashi 1-0). === Juventus === [[Fayil:Mirko_Vucinic_(Juventus).jpg|thumb|Vučinić zai koma Juventus]] ==== kakar 2011–12 ==== A ranar 30 ga Yulin 2011, an tabbatar da cewa Juventus ta sayi Vučinić kan Yuro miliyan 15 daga Roma, tare da yarjejeniyar shekaru 4 da ta kai Yuro miliyan 3.5 [a cikin raga] a kowace shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=La Stampa – Vucinic alla Juve, affare concluso: "E' la squadra che volevo" |url=http://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/juventus/?action=read&idnet=dHV0dG9qdXZlLmNvbS01Nzg5Nw |access-date=30 July 2011 |website=tuttomercatoweb.com |language=it}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar a ranar 21 ga Agustan 2011 a wasan da AC Milan ta sha kashi da ci 2-1 a hannun AC Milan a wasan da aka yi na Trofeo Luigi Berlusconi na shekara-shekara a kakar wasa ta Italiya. Vučinić ya zura kwallo mai tsawon mita 32 a cikin karin lokaci don taimakawa Juventus ta yi kunnen doki 2-2 da Milan a ranar 20 ga Maris 2012, wanda ya taimaka wa kungiyarsa ta yi nasara 4-3 a jimilla da kuma ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe na Coppa Italia na 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report: Juventus v AC Milan – Italian Coppa Italia – ESPN Soccernet |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id%3D337683%26cc%3D5901 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504131043/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=337683&cc=5901 |archive-date=4 May 2012 |access-date=2012-03-21}}</ref> ==== kakar 2012–13 ==== Kaka ta biyu ta Vučinić ta fara da kyau sosai, inda ta nuna cewa ta zama ɗan wasa mai mahimmanci a lokuta da dama. Kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Serie A ta zo ne a lokacin wasansa na biyu da [[Udinese Calcio|Udinese]] a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2012, ƙarshen shekarar ya zo jim kaɗan bayan haka kuma jimillar kwallayen da ya ci sun kai ƙwallaye 4 a wasanni 14 da kuma taimakawa wajen zura ƙwallo 4. A ranar 9 ga Janairu, 2013, Vučinić ya zura ƙwallo a minti na 96 a wasansu da AC Milan, inda ya kai Juventus wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Coppa Italia inda za su fafata da Lazio . Sabuwar shekarar ta fara da kyau ga Montenegro, inda ya sake zura ƙwallo a kan Udinese. Vučinić ya shahara a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 2013 lokacin da bayan ya zura kwallon bugun fenariti a wasansu da Pescara, ya yi murna ta hanyar cire gajeren wandonsa kuma an gan shi a bainar jama'a a cikin gajeren wandonsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2013 |title=Mirko Vučinić celebrates scoring -- in his pants |url=https://www.sbnation.com/soccer/2013/4/6/4191136/mirko-vucinic-celebration-underwear}}</ref> ==== kakar 2013–14 ==== A ranar 1 ga Mayu 2014, a lokacin raunin da Juventus ta sha kashi a wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar Europa League da Benfica, an kori Vučinić daga fili don fafatawa da abokin hamayyarsa Lazar Marković duk da cewa babu wanda ke filin wasa a lokacin, Marković an maye gurbinsa kuma Vučinić har yanzu yana kan benci na 'yan wasa. === Al Jazira === A ranar 4 ga Yulin 2014, Vučinić ya koma ƙungiyar Al Jazira ta UAE Pro League kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, wanda ake kyautata zaton ya kai Yuro miliyan 6. Ya ji daɗin kakar wasa ta farko ta nasarorin da ya samu, inda ya zira kwallaye 27 a wasanni 24, sannan ya zama babban ɗan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar, amma ya fuskanci matsaloli sakamakon raunuka da ya samu a kakar wasa da ta biyo baya, inda ya buga wasanni tara har zuwa lokacin da ya bar ƙungiyar a watan Yulin 2017. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == === Serbia da Montenegro === Vučinić ya samu kiran farko zuwa tawagar ƙasa ta Serbia da Montenegro a ranar 4 ga Yuni 2005 don fafatawa da Belgium a gasar cin kofin duniya ta [[Belgrade|FIFA]], inda aka tashi babu ci, inda ya shiga wasan a madadin Nenad Jestrović a minti na 53. Ya buga wasa na biyu bayan kwana huɗu a wasan sada zumunci da Italiya a Rogers Centre da ke [[Toronto]] . <ref name="FWC 06" /> Vučinić ya kuma kasance memba na ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta ƙasar Serbia da Montenegro waɗanda suka cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta 2006, inda suka doke Croatia da ci 5-2 a jimilla a wasan neman gurbin shiga zagaye na biyu . A zagaye na farko a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2005, Vučinić ya zura kwallaye uku <ref name="UEFA ref">{{Cite web |last=Bošković |first=Aleksandar |date=15 November 2005 |title=Vibrant Vučinić focuses on finals |url=https://www.uefa.com/under21/news/0257-0de69088c1e6-0bf1713126bf-1000--vibrant-vucinic-focuses-on-finals/ |access-date=11 October 2025 |website=uefa.com |language=}}</ref> kuma ya yi bikin gaisuwar 'yan Serbia da yatsu uku . <ref name="Kurir ref">{{Cite web |date=1 April 2023 |title=Pobedu nad Hrvatima slavio sa tri prsta |url=https://www.kurir.rs/sport/fudbal/4136724/pobedu-nad-hrvatima-slavio-sa-tri-prsta |access-date=11 October 2025 |language=Serbian |agency=[[Kurir]]}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Mayu 2006, Dragan Okuka ya kira Vučinić zuwa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 don gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta UEFA. Bayan kwana ɗaya, Ilija Petković ya kuma kira shi don buga wa babbar ƙungiyar Serbia da Montenegro wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2006. A gasar cin kofin ƙasa da shekara 21, Vučinić ya miƙa gwiwarsa a wasan farko na rukuni da Jamus a ranar 23 ga Mayu 2006. Sakamakon haka, bai samu damar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ba kuma Dušan Petković ya maye gurbinsa a cikin tawagar a ranar 30 ga Mayu 2006. Wasansa na ƙarshe a Serbia da Montenegro ya kasance na sada zumunci da Tunisia a ranar 1 ga Maris 2006. === Montenegro === Bayan da Montenegro ta zama ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta a ranar 3 ga Yuni 2006, kuma za a kafa sabuwar ƙungiyar ƙasa, Vučinić da farko ya zaɓi ya buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Serbia wasa, amma daga ƙarshe ya yanke shawarar bugawa ƙasarsa ta asali wasa. A watan Satumba na 2006 a wani taron manema labarai a Rome, a cewar ''La Gazzetta dello Sport'', ya ce "Ina farin ciki da cewa haɗin gwiwa da Serbia ya ƙare". Ya zura kwallon farko a tarihin Montenegro lokacin da ya zura kwallon da ta kai bugun fenariti a wasan farko na kasa da kasa da kungiyar ta buga a ranar 24 ga Maris 2007, inda suka yi nasara a kan Hungary da ci 2-1. Ya samu jimillar wasanni 46, inda ya zura kwallaye 17. Wasansa na karshe na kasa da kasa shi ne wasan sada zumunta da Iran a watan Yunin 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Player Database |url=https://eu-football.info/_player.php?id=22415 |access-date=2020-10-18 |website=eu-football.info}}</ref> A shekarar 2010, a wasan da suka yi da [[Switzerland]], Vucinic ya shahara bayan ya zura kwallo daya tilo da ya ci a wasan lokacin da ya cire wandonsa ya yi gudu da gajeren wando a kansa, yana nuna wandon sa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2010 |title=Mirko Vucinic celebrates Montenegro goal by putting his shorts on his head |url=https://metro.co.uk/2010/10/15/mirko-vucinic-celebrates-montenegro-goal-by-putting-his-shorts-on-his-head-547858/}}</ref> == Salon wasan == Dan wasa mai sauri, ƙarfi, hazaka, kuma mai hazaka a fannin fasaha wanda ke wasa da kyau da kuma girman kai da salon wasansa, Vučinić yana da ikon zura kwallaye da kuma ƙirƙirar kwallaye masu mahimmanci ga ƙungiyarsa. Zai iya cike duk wani matsayi na kai hari, amma sau da yawa ana tura shi a matsayin ɗan wasan gefe a kowane gefe, a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na tsakiya, a matsayin babban ɗan wasan gaba, ko ma a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba mai zurfi . <ref name="inconsistent" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gaetano Mocciaro |date=18 March 2012 |title=ESCLUSIVA TJ – Ag. Vucinic: "Sbagliato valutare Mirko per il numero di gol. Quelli che fa pesano sempre, da quando ha 17 anni" |url=http://www.tuttojuve.com/le-esclusive-di-tj/esclusiva-tj-ag-vucinic-sbagliato-valutare-mirko-per-il-numero-di-gol-quelli-che-fa-pesano-sempre-da-quando-ha-17-anni-86765 |access-date=8 February 2016 |publisher=Tutto Juve |language=it}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=MATTIA CHIUSANO |date=29 November 2007 |title=Totti? Roma è pazza di Vucinic Calma, non valgo la sua metà |url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2007/11/29/totti-roma-pazza-di-vucinic-calma-non.html |access-date=8 February 2016 |website=La Repubblica |language=it}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2011 |title=Juve, Vucinic preferito a Rossi |url=http://www.calciomercato.com/juventus/juve-vucinic-preferito-a-rossi-396698 |access-date=8 February 2016 |website=Calciomercato.com &#124; Tutte le news sul calcio in tempo reale |publisher=Calciomercato |language=it |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093903/http://www.calciomercato.com/juventus/juve-vucinic-preferito-a-rossi-396698 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Tanta Juve">{{Cite web |last=Riccardo Pratesi |date=2 October 2011 |title=Tanta Juve, doppio Marchisio Il Milan soffre, poi affonda |url=http://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/Squadre/Juventus/02-10-2011/tanta-juve-doppio-marchisio-803136090108.shtml |access-date=1 January 2018 |publisher=La Gazzetta dello Sport |language=it}}</ref> Vučinić ya sami yabo a kafofin watsa labarai saboda hangen nesansa, basirar ƙwallon ƙafa, wasan ƙungiya, da kuma daidaiton wucewar ƙwallon a takaice, wanda ya ba shi damar ƙirƙirar damammaki ga abokan wasa kuma ya sanya shi mai ba da taimako mai tasiri. <ref name="inconsistent" /> <ref name="The best Juventus players of 2012">{{Cite web |last=Mina Rzouki |date=1 January 2013 |title=The best Juventus players of 2012 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/club/juventus/111/blog/post/1852235/the-best-juventus-players-of-2012 |access-date=6 February 2017 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> <ref name="provvidenza">{{Cite web |last=March Ferri |date=1 April 2008 |title=Roma: Vucinic, l'uomo della provvidenza |url=http://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/altre-notizie/roma-vucinic-l-uomo-della-provvidenza-98867 |access-date=8 February 2016 |publisher=Tutto Mercato Web |language=it}}</ref> <ref name="Roma è pazza di Vucinic">{{Cite web |last=MATTIA CHIUSANO |date=29 November 2007 |title=Totti? Roma è pazza di Vucinic Calma, non valgo la sua metà |url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2007/11/29/totti-roma-pazza-di-vucinic-calma-non.html |access-date=18 March 2017 |website=La Repubblica |language=it}}</ref> Matsayinsa da motsinsa na kai hari mai wayo sun ba shi damar samar da zurfi ga ƙungiyarsa da kuma ƙirƙirar sarari ga abokan wasa; yayin da kerawa, ƙwarewarsa ta dribbling, taɓa ƙwallon, da kuma sarrafa ta kusa, tare da ƙarfin jikinsa, sun ba shi damar riƙe riƙe kwallo a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, riƙe ƙwallon da baya zuwa raga, da kuma ajiye ta ga abokan wasansa. <ref name="inconsistent" /> <ref name="Tanta Juve" /> <ref name="The best Juventus players of 2012" /> <ref name="provvidenza" /> <ref name="Roma è pazza di Vucinic" /> <ref name="no room on Roma's island">{{Cite web |last=Jonathan Wilson |date=24 February 2009 |title=There's no room on Roma's island for both Totti and Vucinic |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2009/feb/24/arsenal-roma-champions-league-vucinic-totti |access-date=15 August 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Saboda yadda yake son zura kwallo, an kuma san shi da iyawarsa ta zura kwallaye masu ƙarfi a raga da ƙafafu biyu. <ref name="profile" /> <ref name="inconsistent" /> <ref name="no room on Roma's island" /> <ref name="caratteristiche soprannaturali">{{Cite web |last=Cristiano Sala |date=30 July 2011 |title=Sabatini: "Vucinic? Ha caratteristiche soprannaturali" |url=http://www.tuttosport.com/calcio/calciomercato/2011/07/30-137690/Sabatini%3A+%C2%ABVucinic%3F+Ha+caratteristiche+soprannaturali%C2%BB |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218042048/http://www.tuttosport.com/calcio/calciomercato/2011/07/30-137690/Sabatini%3A+%C2%ABVucinic%3F+Ha+caratteristiche+soprannaturali%C2%BB |archive-date=18 February 2016 |access-date=8 February 2016 |publisher=Tuttosport |language=it}}</ref> Duk da tsayinsa, ba shi da ƙarfi sosai a sararin sama. <ref name="no room on Roma's island" /> Saboda ƙwarewar da ya nuna a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, ya sami laƙabin " Balkan [[Diego Maradona|Maradona]] ". <ref name="no room on Roma's island" /> Duk da baiwarsa, ya kuma jawo suka a duk tsawon aikinsa saboda halayensa da rashin tabbas a filin wasa, da kuma rashin daidaitonsa. <ref name="inconsistent" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2011 |title='Inconsistent' Vucinic defends himself |url=http://www.football-italia.net/node/11295 |access-date=8 February 2016 |publisher=Football Italia}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2013 |title=LE VOCI – Bonolis: 'Ranocchia per Vucinic? Magari ce cascano! |url=https://www.juvenews.eu/notizie/la-juventus/le-voci-bonolis-ranocchia-per-vucinic-magari-ce-cascano-2/ |access-date=4 June 2020 |publisher=Juve News |language=it}}</ref> An kuma yi tambaya game da aikin Vučinić a manyan wasanni a wasu lokutan inda masu suka suka nuna salon wasansa na "rashin hankali", wanda galibi ke ɓata wa magoya baya rai. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shane Callaghan |date=16 April 2013 |title=Vucinic rejects 'lazy' accusations |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/10/italian-football/2013/04/16/3906780/vucinic-rejects-lazy-accusations |access-date=8 February 2016 |publisher=Goal}}</ref> == Aikin golf == A shekarar 2018, Vučinić ya fara wasan golf a matsayin memba na Princess Milica Golf Club da ke Tivat . == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {| class="wikitable nowrap" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Team ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Serbia and Montenegro Cup]], [[Coppa Italia]], [[UAE President's Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |Sutjeska Nikšić |1999–2000 |FRY First League |9 |3 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |4 |- | rowspan="7" |Lecce |2000–01<ref name="reprezentacija.rs" /> |Serie A |3 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- |2001–02<ref name="reprezentacija.rs" /> |Serie A |7 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- |2002–03<ref name="reprezentacija.rs" /> |Serie B |28 |5 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |29 |5 |- |2003–04<ref name="reprezentacija.rs" /> |Serie A |12 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |1 |- |2004–05<ref name="reprezentacija.rs" /> |Serie A |28 |19 |3 |3 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |31 |22 |- |2005–06<ref name="reprezentacija.rs" /> |Serie A |34 |9 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |34 |9 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !111 !34 !7 !3 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !119 !37 |- | rowspan="6" |Roma |2006–07<ref name="reprezentacija.rs" /> |Serie A |25 |2 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |6{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |1 |0 |0 |33 |3 |- |2007–08<ref name="reprezentacija.rs" /> |Serie A |33 |9 |6 |1 | colspan="2" |— |8[b] |4 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Supercoppa Italiana]]}} |0 |48 |14 |- |2008–09<ref name="reprezentacija.rs" /> |Serie A |27 |11 |2 |2 | colspan="2" |— |8[b] |3 |1[c] |1 |38 |17 |- |2009–10<ref name="reprezentacija.rs" /> |Serie A |34 |14 |4 |2 | colspan="2" |— |8{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |3 | colspan="2" |— |46 |19 |- |2010–11<ref name="reprezentacija.rs" /> |Serie A |28 |10 |4 |1 | colspan="2" |— |4[b] |0 |1[c] |0 |37 |11 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !147 !46 !18 !6 ! colspan="2" |— !34 !11 !3 !1 !202 !64 |- | rowspan="4" |Juventus |2011–12<ref name="reprezentacija.rs" /> |Serie A |32 |9 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |35 |10 |- |2012–13<ref name="reprezentacija.rs" /> |Serie A |31 |10 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |8[b] |2 |1[c] |1 |43 |14 |- |2013–14 |Serie A |12 |2 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |5[b] |0 |1[c] |0 |18 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !75 !21 !6 !2 ! colspan="2" |— !13 !2 !2 !1 !96 !26 |- | rowspan="3" |Al Jazira |2014–15 |UAE Pro League |23 |25 |1 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |24 |27 |- |2015–16 |UAE Pro League |6 |2 |0 |0 |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[UAE League Cup]]}} |3 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |9 |5 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !29 !27 !1 !2 !3 !3 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !33 !32 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !371 !131 !33 !14 !3 !3 !47 !13 !5 !2 !459 !163 |} {{Notelist}} === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Tawagar ƙasa ! Shekara ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="2" | Serbia da<nowiki><br id="mwA84"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki> Montenegro | 2005 | 2 | 0 |- | 2006 | 1 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 3 ! 0 |- | rowspan="11" | Montenegro | 2007 | 4 | 4 |- | 2008 | 7 | 2 |- | 2009 | 4 | 2 |- | 2010 | 7 | 3 |- | 2011 | 5 | 0 |- | 2012 | 5 | 2 |- | 2013 | 5 | 2 |- | 2014 | 3 | 1 |- | 2015 | 4 | 1 |- | 2016 | 0 | 0 |- | 2017 | 2 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 46 ! 17 |} '''Manufofin ƙasa da ƙasa''' : ''Sakamakon maki da sakamakon sun nuna adadin kwallayen da Montenegro ta ci a farko.'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mirko Vučinić |url=http://eu-football.info/_player.php?id=22415 |access-date=27 July 2015 |publisher=European Football}}</ref> {| class="wikitable nowrap" |+ !No. !Date !Venue !Cap !Opponent !Score !Result !Competition |- !1 |24 March 2007 |Podgorica City Stadium, [[Podgoritsa|Podgorica]], Montenegro |{{Center|1}} |{{Fb|HUN}} |{{Center|1–1}} |{{Center|2–1}} |Friendly |- !2 |22 August 2007 |Podgorica City Stadium, Podgorica, Montenegro |{{Center|2}} |{{Fb|SVN}} |{{Center|1–0}} |{{Center|1–1}} |Friendly |- !3 |12 September 2007 |Podgorica City Stadium, Podgorica, Montenegro |{{Center|3}} |{{Fb|SWE}} |{{Center|1–0}} |{{Center|1–2}} |Friendly |- !4 |17 October 2007 |A. Le Coq Arena, [[Tallinn]], Estonia |{{Center|4}} |{{Fb|EST}} |{{Center|1–0}} |{{Center|1–0}} |Friendly |- !5 |6 September 2008 |Podgorica City Stadium, Podgorica, Montenegro |{{Center|8}} |{{Fb|BUL}} |{{Center|1–1}} |{{Center|2–2}} |2010 FIFA World Cup qualification |- !6 |15 October 2008 |Stadio Via del Mare, Lecce, Italy |{{Center|10}} |{{Fb|ITA}} |{{Center|1–1}} |{{Center|1–2}} |2010 FIFA World Cup qualification |- !7 |9 September 2009 |Podgorica City Stadium, Podgorica, Montenegro |{{Center|14}} |{{Fb|CYP}} |{{Center|1–0}} |{{Center|1–0}} |2010 FIFA World Cup qualification |- !8 |18 November 2009 |Podgorica City Stadium, Podgorica, Montenegro |{{Center|15}} |{{Fb|BLR}} |{{Center|1–0}} |{{Center|1–0}} |Friendly |- !9 |29 May 2010 |Ullevaal Stadion, [[Oslo]], Norway |{{Center|18}} |{{Fb|Norway}} |{{Center|1–1}} |{{Center|1–2}} |Friendly |- !10 |3 September 2010 |Podgorica City Stadium, Podgorica, Montenegro |{{Center|20}} |{{Fb|WAL}} |{{Center|1–0}} |{{Center|1–0}} |UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying |- !11 |8 October 2010 |Podgorica City Stadium, Podgorica, Montenegro |{{Center|22}} |{{Fb|SUI}} |{{Center|1–0}} |{{Center|1–0}} |UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying |- !12 |25 May 2012 |King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels, Belgium |{{Center|29}} |{{Fb|BEL}} |{{Center|1–0}} |{{Center|2–2}} |Friendly |- !13 |7 September 2012 |Podgorica City Stadium, Podgorica, Montenegro |{{Center|31}} |{{Fb|POL}} |{{Center|2–1}} |{{Center|2–2}} |2014 FIFA World Cup qualification |- !14 |22 March 2013 |Zimbru Stadium, [[Chisinau|Chișinău]], Moldova |{{Center|33}} |{{Fb|MLD}} |{{Center|1–0}} |{{Center|1–0}} |2014 FIFA World Cup qualification |- !15 |14 August 2013 |Torpedo Stadium, Zhodino, Belarus |{{Center|36}} |{{Fb|BLR}} |{{Center|1–1}} |{{Center|1–1}} |Friendly |- !16 |8 September 2014 |Podgorica City Stadium, Podgorica, Montenegro |{{Center|38}} |{{Fb|MLD}} |{{Center|2–0}} |{{Center|2–0}} |UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying |- !17 |9 October 2015 |Podgorica City Stadium, Podgorica, Montenegro |{{Center|43}} |{{Fb|AUT}} |{{Center|1–0}} |{{Center|2–3}} |UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying |} == Daraja == ; Romawa <ref name="SW">{{Cite web |title=M. Vučinić |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/mirko-vucinic/4024/ |access-date=8 February 2016 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> * Coppa Italia : 2006–07, 2007–08 * Supercoppa Italiana : 2007 ; Juventus <ref name="SW"/> * Serie A : 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14 * Supercoppa Italiyanci: 2012, 2013 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa na Montenegro na shekara : 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2012 |title=Vucinic Montenegro Player of the Year |url=http://www.football-italia.net/28689/vucinic-montenegro-player-year |access-date=8 February 2016 |publisher=Football Italia}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Player of the year – Montenegro |url=http://www.worldfootball.net/footballer_of_the_year/montenegro/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912100322/http://www.worldfootball.net/footballer_of_the_year/montenegro/ |archive-date=12 September 2013 |access-date=8 February 2016 |publisher=World Football.net}}</ref> * Wanda Ya Fi Kowa Cin Kwallaye a Gasar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa : 2014–15 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Summary – Arabian Gulf League – United Arab Emirates – Results, fixtures, tables and news |url=https://int.soccerway.com/national/united-arab-emirates/premier-league/20142015/regular-season/r26021/ |access-date=8 February 2016 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == <templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat}} * Deprecated link at archive.today (archived 11 April 2013) * {{NFT player|10971}} * {{Soccerway|mirko-vucinic/4024}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305075953/http://footballdatabase.com/index.php?page=player&Id=312&pn=Mirko_Vu%25C4%258Dini%25C4%2587 Mirko Vučinić profile, career timeline and detailed statistics] * Mirko Vučinić at ESPN FC * {{FIFA player|210168}} * {{UEFA player}} {{s-start-collapsible|header={{S-sports}}}} {{Succession box|title=[[Montenegro national football team#Montenegro captains|Montenegro national football team captain]]|before=None|after=[[Stevan Jovetić]]|years=2007–2015}} {{S-end}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} cnby8l1ztvmpfwzdqcvcom7evsljxoq 0 161401 892619 881637 2026-08-07T17:07:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Martin Kuciak''' (an haife shi 15 Maris 1982) ƙwararren manajan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Slovakia kuma tsohon [[Ɗan ƙwallo|ɗan wasa]] wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron gida]] . A halin yanzu yana kula da 2. Liga club MŠK Považská Bystrica . Shi ne babban ɗan'uwan mai tsaron gida Dušan Kuciak . == Aikin kulob == Martin Kuciak samfur ne na makarantar matasa ta Žilina . === Rimavská Sobota === Bayan ya yi wasa a Kysucké Nové Mesto, Kuciak ya koma Rimavská Sobota a lokacin bazara na 2005, wanda aka sauke shi daga babban gasar Slovak a kakar wasa da ta gabata. Ya zama mai tsaron gida na farko a kulob din a lokacin bazara na kakar wasa ta 2007–08. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 February 2010 |title=Gólman Kuciak považuje ViOn za správnu voľbu |url=http://novohrad.sme.sk/c/5227095/golman-kuciak-povazuje-vion-za-spravnu-volbu.html |access-date=27 November 2014 |publisher=SME |language=Slovak}}</ref> === ViOn Zlaté Moravce === Kuciak ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Corgoň liga ViOn Zlaté Moravce a lokacin hutun hunturu na kakar wasa ta 2009-10. A cikin shekaru huɗu da rabi da suka biyo baya a Zlaté Moravce, ya buga wasa a kowace gasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2014 |title=Slovenský brankář Kuciak: 'Jako zahraniční štaci to neberu' |url=http://hradecky.denik.cz/fotbal_region/slovensky-brankar-kuciak-jako-zahranicni-staci-to-neberu-20140717.html |access-date=27 November 2014 |publisher=Hradecký deník |language=Czech}}</ref> Duk da nasarar da ya samu a ƙungiyar, Kuciak ya yanke shawarar kin sabunta kwantiraginsa kuma ya bar Zlaté Moravce bayan karewar kwangilarsa a lokacin bazara na 2014. === Hradec Králové === Ba da daɗewa ba, Kuciak ya rattaba hannu kan kulob din Czech First League Hradec Králové . <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2014 |title=Martin Kuciak bude pokračovať v českom Hradci Králové |url=http://sport.aktuality.sk/c/170053/martin-kuciak-bude-pokracovat-v-ceskom-hradci-kralove/ |access-date=27 November 2014 |publisher=Šport |language=Slovak}}</ref> Ya fara bugawa Hradec Králové a cikin rashin nasarar 1-0 zuwa Příbram akan 4 Oktoba 2014. An yi amfani da shi galibi a matsayin mai tsaron gida na baya bayan Tomáš Koubek . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Predstavujeme novú posilu ŽP Šport Podbrezová |url=http://www.zpfutbal.sk/sport/zpfutbal.nsf/page/35390B91A25CC5C9C1257E6C00458B53 |access-date=1 February 2016 |publisher=ŽP Šport Podbrezová |language=Slovak}}</ref> An yi watsi da Kuciak tare da kulob a karshen kakar wasa ta bana. === ŽP Šport Podbrezová === Kuciak ya zo ŽP Šport Podbrezová a lokacin rani na 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2015 |title=Začiatok prípravy ŽP Šport Podbrezová v znamení nového trénera Frťalu |url=http://www.profutbal.sk/clanok193390-Zaciatok_pripravy_ZP_Sport_Podbrezova_v_znameni_noveho_trenera_Frtalu.htm |access-date=1 February 2016 |publisher=Profutbal |language=Slovak }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya fara buga gasarsa ta farko a kulob din a gasar 2-0 da AS Trenčín ta yi a ranar 25 ga Yuli 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2015 |title=Muži prehrali s AS Trenčín |url=http://www.zpfutbal.sk/sport/zpfutbal.nsf/page/7E184BEAC5B950F1C1257E85002A79F0 |access-date=1 February 2016 |publisher=ŽP Šport Podbrezová |language=Slovak}}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, ya shiga Slavia Prague . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2019 |title=Brankářský tým doplní Martin Kuciak |url=https://www.slavia.cz/clanek.asp?id=Brankarsky-tym-doplni-Martin-Kuciak-16225 |access-date=12 March 2019 |publisher=Slavia Prague}}</ref> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|martin-kuciak/134943}} * [http://www.zpfutbal.sk/sport/zpfutbal.nsf/page/DB3E7FEFE5B68D50C1257AB10044E002 Player profile] at zpfutbal.sk {{In lang|sk}} * Martin Kuciak – Czech First League statistics at Fotbal DNES (in Czech) [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} kdr0uziyj3v4j4hf7q12lbgh5cniife 0 161433 892777 889205 2026-08-08T07:32:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Offa Grammar School (OGS) ''' makarantar sakandare ce ta jama'a da ke Offa, Jihar Kwara, Najeriya . An kafa shi a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 1943, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ajayi |first=J. F. Ade |date=1963 |title=The Development of Secondary Grammar School Education in Nigeria |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41856676 |journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=517–535 |issn=0018-2540}}</ref> yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin makarantun sakandare a Jihar Kwara kuma daga cikin makarantun sakandaren da aka kafa a Arewacin Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Opinion |date=2021-10-30 |title=Asiwaju of Offa: Who the cap fits? |url=https://punchng.com/asiwaju-of-offa-who-the-cap-fits/ |access-date=2026-07-10 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Banwo |first=Adeyinka O. |last2=Olafimihan |first2=J. B. |date=2001 |title=The African Clergy and Historical Reconstruction: The Very Reverend J.B. Olafimihan's "Iwe Itan Ofa" |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3172204 |journal=History in Africa |volume=28 |pages=1–13 |doi=10.2307/3172204 |issn=0361-5413}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Authority |date=1954 |title=Nigeria Gazette |url=https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/ng/1954/ng-government-gazette-dated-1954-08-05-no-42.pdf? |journal=Nigeria Gazette |volume=41 |pages=898}}</ref> == Tarihi == Shirin kafa makarantar sakandare a Offa ya fito ne a ƙarshen shekarun 1930 biyo bayan karuwar bukatar ilimi na bayan firamare a cikin al'umma. A lokacin, ɗalibai da yawa da ke neman karatun sakandare sun yi tafiya zuwa makarantu a waje da yankin, wanda ya sa shugabannin yankin su fara shirye-shiryen cibiyar mallakar al'umma <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Banwo |first=Adeyinka |last2=Olafimihan |first2=J. |date=2001-01-01 |title=The African Clergy and Historical Reconstruction: The Very Reverend J.B. Olafimihan's "Iwe Itan Ofa" |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273050055_The_African_Clergy_and_Historical_Reconstruction_The_Very_Reverend_JB_Olafimihan's_Iwe_Itan_Ofa |journal=History in Africa |volume=28 |pages=1 |doi=10.2307/3172204}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adeyinka |first=A. Ade |date=1976 |title=Local Community Efforts in the Development of Secondary Grammar School Education in the Western State of Nigeria, 1925-1955 |url=https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ147393&utm |journal=Journal of Negro Education |language=en}}</ref> An kafa makarantar ne ta hanyar kokarin mambobin Offa: Kiristoci uku - Pa Abraham Oyediran, Pa Onawola, da Pa Bilewu - kuma tare da taimakon kudi daga Musulmai biyar: Alhaji Aliyu Olatinwo, Alhaji Gbadamosi Ijaiya, Alhajin Jatto, da Paleke Oye. Har ila yau, ta sami tallafin ƙungiya daga Offa Descendants Union (ODU) da Methodist Mission. Ya fara ayyukan ilimi a hukumance a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 1943, tare da Reverend R. N. Ludlow yana aiki a matsayin shugabanta na farko. [1][2] == Ƙungiyar ɗalibai == Tsoffin ɗalibai suna wakiltar su ta hanyar Offa Grammar School Old Students' Association (OGSOSA), wanda ke tallafawa makarantar ta hanyar shirye-shiryen ilimi, ayyukan ababen more rayuwa, tallafin karatu da ayyukan ranar tunawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bankole |first=Idowu |date=2025-01-03 |title=Offa alumni unveil solar digital library |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/01/offa-alumni-unveil-solar-digital-library/ |access-date=2026-07-10 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayanlakin |first=Rasak |date=2023-01-08 |title=Return Offa Grammar School back to community if you can't manage it, Alumni tell Kwara Govt |url=https://theinformant247.com/return-offa-grammar-school-back-to-community-if-you-cant-manage-it-alumni-tells-kwara-govt/ |access-date=2026-07-10 |website=The Informant247 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |date=2023-10-21 |title=AGF, Offa varsity VC, Akinrinade, others for alma mata’s 80th anniversary |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/agf-offa-varsity-vc-akinrinade-others-for-alma-matas-80th-anniversary/ |access-date=2026-07-10 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> == Shahararrun ɗalibai == * [[Ipoola Alani Akinrinade|Lieutenant Janar Ipoola Alani Akinrinade]] (rtd) - tsohon shugaban ma'aikatan Soja <ref name=":0"/> * [[Lateef Fagbemi|Hon. Lateef Fagbemi (SAN)]] - Babban Lauyan Tarayya <ref name=":0" /> * Farfesa Abdulrahim Bayo Lawal- tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Offa <ref name=":0" /> * [[Mosobalaje Oyawye|Farfesa Jamiu Mosobalaje Olaloye Oyawoye]]- Farfesa na farko na ilimin ƙasa a Afirka <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2020-07-26 |title=Offa town: How mutual seed births over 100 professors, professionals |url=https://guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/offa-town-how-mutual-seed-births-over-100-professors-professionals/ |access-date=2026-07-10 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-GB}}</ref> * Cif [[Josiah Sunday Olawoyin]] - Asiwaju na farko na Offa <ref name=":1" /> * [[Ibrahim Sulu-Gambari|Mai Girma Ibrahim Kolapo Sulu-Gambari CFR]]- Sarkin Ilorin <ref name=":1" /> * [[David Jemibewon|Janar David Jemibewon (Rtd.)]] - gwamnan soja na Jihar Yammacin da ta mutu yanzu <ref name=":1" /> * [[Emmanuel Olatunji Adesoye|Emmanuel Olatunji Adesoye OON, CON]] - Na biyu Najeriya Quantity Surveyor kuma wanda ya kafa Okin Biscuit, Okin Malt, da Okin Breweries <ref name=":1" /> * [[Nazmat .T. Surajudeen Bakinde|Farfesa Nazmat Surajudeen Bakinde]]- Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Gambiya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-03 |title=Latest News About Offa Grammar School |url=https://thewhistler.ng/tag/offa-grammar-school/ |access-date=2026-07-10 |website=The Whistler Newspaper |language=en-GB}}</ref> * Farfesa J. A. Balogun-physiotherapist kuma masanin kimiyya * [[Musibau Adewunmi Akanji|Farfesa Musibau Adewunmi Akanji]] - tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban [[Federal University of Technology, Minna|Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Minna]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=NGP KYG: Professor Musbau Adewumi sikeAkanji |url=http://kyg.nigeriagovernance.org/personsInOffices/view/858 |access-date=8 April 2018 |website=kyg.nigeriagovernance.org |archive-date=27 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027172146/http://kyg.nigeriagovernance.org/personsInOffices/view/858 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Ayo Salami|Mai Shari'a Ayo Salami]]- lauyan Najeriya kuma tsohon Shugaban kotunan daukaka kara na Najeriya. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Ajayi |first=Adejumoke Esther |date=2026 |title=SELF-HELP IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF WESTERN EDUCATION IN OFFA AND ILORIN OF KWARA STATE, NIGERIA, 1967-2021 |url=https://phajournal-uniport.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SELF-HELP-IN-THE-DEVELOPMENT-OF-WESTERN-EDUCATION-IN-OFFA-AND-ILORIN-OF-KWARA-STATE-NIGERIA-1967-2021.pdf |journal=Port Harcourt Journal of Educational Studies (PHAJOES) |volume=9 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Dele Belgore|Muhammad Dele Belgore, SAN]] - lauya ne na Najeriya, mai sulhu, kuma ɗan siyasa * Joseph Abiodun Balogun - masanin kimiyya na Najeriya-Amurka * Charles Oladele Akande Ibitoye - mai mulkin gargajiya na talatin da uku (sarki) na Olomu na Omu-Aran * [[Salaudeen Latinwo|Kyaftin Salaudeen Adebola Latinwo]] - Sojojin Sama na Najeriya kuma gwamnan soja na Jihar Kwara * Cif Sunday Afolabi - Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida <ref name="dokun">{{Cite web |last=Oloyede |first=Dokun |last2=Ikokwu |first2=Constance |author-link2=Constance Ikokwu |last3=Anakali |first3=Pius |date=2002-01-13 |title=Yoruba After Ige... Which Way Forward? |url=https://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/01/13/20020113cov01.html |access-date=2010-05-03 |website=This Day |archive-date=2005-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050417040411/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/01/13/20020113cov01.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" heights="180"> Fayil:Offa_Grammar_school.jpg|Main entrance of Offa Grammar School Fayil:Offa_Grammar_school_entrance.jpg|School entrance gate Fayil:Front_view,_Offa_Grammar_School.jpg|Front view of the school Fayil:Offa_Grammar_School_Assembly_Ground.jpg|Senior Secondary assembly ground Fayil:Offa_Grammar_School_Principal's_Office.jpg|Principal's Office Fayil:Offa_Grammar_School_02.jpg| Auditorium Hall Fayil:Offa_Grammar_School_23.jpg| Offa Grammar School Old Students Secretariat Fayil:Offa_Grammar_School_04.jpg|Offa Grammar Central Mosque Fayil:Offa_Grammar_School_05.jpg|Offa Grammar School Chappel Fayil:Offa_Grammar_School_11.jpg| Offa Grammar School Digital Library </gallery> == Manazarta == pdw1m1fudf8pvcu5pm4zj5ah3bqqdd1 0 161536 892731 883207 2026-08-08T04:30:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nell Mescal''' (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga Afrilu shekarar 2003) mawaƙiya ce kuma marubuciya ta Irish. == Rayuwa ta farko == Mescal ya fito ne daga Maynooth, County Kildare.<ref name="Times2">{{Cite web |last=Hodgkinson |first=Will |date=26 January 2023 |title=Nell Mescal: 'A therapist told me that people were jealous of me because of Paul' |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/music/article/nell-mescal-paul-interview-cancer-arts-music-ntssz8z3v |access-date=29 January 2023}}</ref> Ita ce ƙaramar 'yar'uwar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Paul Mescal . Sun yi wasu waƙoƙi a matsayin duet.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Corcoran |first=Mark |date=31 July 2020 |title=Normal People star Paul Mescal and sister Nell show off amazing talent in incredible duet |url=https://www.irishmirror.ie/news/irish-news/paul-mescal-sister-nell-sing-22370985 |access-date=3 October 2020}}</ref> Suna kuma da ɗan'uwa na tsakiya, Donnacha.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2020 |title=Introducing... singer Nell Mescal on musical genes and famous relatives |url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/introducing-singer-nell-mescal-on-musical-genes-and-famous-relatives-39571986.html |access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref> An zalunci Mescal a makaranta.<ref name="Times">{{Cite web |last=Hodgkinson |first=Will |date=26 January 2023 |title=Nell Mescal: 'A therapist told me that people were jealous of me because of Paul' |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/music/article/nell-mescal-paul-interview-cancer-arts-music-ntssz8z3v |access-date=29 January 2023}}</ref> Lokacin da take da shekaru 14, an gano ta da scoliosis kuma dole ne a yi mata tiyata a baya. A lokacin da ta warke daga makaranta ne ta inganta kwarewarta ta kiɗa.<ref name="Times"/> A shekara 17, ta yi watanni uku a Brighton inda ta fara aikinta.<ref name="Times" /> Ta bar makaranta a farkon watan Oktoba 2021 zuwa London don bin kiɗa na cikakken lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kemp |first=Ella |date=2 August 2022 |title=Nell Mescal: candid and tender indie folk that tugs at the heartstrings |url=https://www.nme.com/features/music-interviews/nell-mescal-interview-graduating-phoebe-bridgers-radar-3279861 |access-date=4 August 2022}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Mescal ta fitar da wakar ta farko "Crash" a cikin shekarar 2020, tana aiki tare da furodusa John Leader.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burne |first=Louise |date=22 May 2020 |title=Watch: Paul Mescal’s talented musician sister Nell has released two singles & they’re incredible |url=https://extra.ie/2020/05/22/entertainment/celebrity/paul-mescal-sister-nell |access-date=3 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Roantree |first=Megan |date=9 September 2020 |title="Since I Was A Baby I Was Always Singing And Humming," Meet Nell Mescal |url=https://www.kiss.ie/women-in-music-meet-nell-mescal/ |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-date=14 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214195050/https://www.kiss.ie/women-in-music-meet-nell-mescal/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan "Deja Vu", "Swingsets", da "Missing You". <ref>{{Cite web |last=O Neill |first=Bronwyn |date=13 November 2020 |title=Rising music star Nell Mescal says brother Paul still owes her a red carpet date |url=https://evoke.ie/2020/11/13/showbiz/nell-mescal-interview |access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Finnan |first=Sarah |date=29 October 2020 |title=Original Nell Mescal song chosen to feature in Brown Thomas Christmas window display |url=https://lovindublin.com/dublin/original-nell-mescal-song-chosen-to-feature-in-brown-thomas-christmas-window-display |access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref> Ta sami kulawa ta hanyar waƙoƙin da ta wallafa a kafofin sada zumunta, tana kama idanun jama'a kamar Jennifer Garner da James Bay.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fahey |first=Olivia |date=10 September 2020 |title=Nell Mescal has an A-list fan to her brother Paul's delight |url=https://evoke.ie/2020/09/10/showbiz/nell-mescal-has-an-a-list-fan-to-her-brother-pauls-delight |access-date=3 October 2020}}</ref> Ta yi sana'a a karo na farko a Shoreditch House a 2021, tana tallafawa Phoebe Bridgers . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Maclean |first=Craig |date=19 January 2023 |title=Nell Mescal: 'I'm really proud of Paul, but I'm in my own lane' |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/nell-mescal-paul-sister-interview-b1054149.html |access-date=29 January 2023}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2022, Mescal ta fitar da wakar "Graduating", wacce ta rubuta game da shawarar da ta yanke na barin kammala makaranta don neman kiɗa, kuma ta buɗe yawon shakatawa biyu, gami da ɓangaren Burtaniya na Phoebe Green.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reilly |first=Nick |date=2023-01-20 |title=Nell Mescal: 'I've been singing for my entire life' |url=https://www.rollingstone.co.uk/music/features/nell-mescal-ive-been-singing-for-my-entire-life-25961/ |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=Rolling Stone UK |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nunin farko da ta yi ya faru ne a Social a Fitzrovia a wannan watan Satumba, kuma ta kasance wani ɓangare na Victoria Park's All Points East line-up.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2022 |title=Nell Mescal Announces Headline London Show & All Points East Festival – Debut Single ‘Graduating’ Out Now |url=https://essentiallypop.com/epop/2022/07/nell-mescal-announces-headline-london-show-all-points-east-festival-debut-single-graduating-out-now/ |access-date=22 February 2023 |website=Essentially Pop}}</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan wani "Homesick", wanda Mescal ya yi tare da ƙungiyarsa a kan RTÉ One's The Late ''Late Show'' a watan Janairun 2023, yana nuna bayyanarta ta farko a talabijin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Neill |first=Claire |date=19 January 2023 |title=Nell Mescal drops new single 'Homesick' ahead of The Late Late Show performance |url=https://www.hotpress.com/film-tv/nell-mescal-drops-new-single-homesick-ahead-of-the-late-late-show-performance-22947087 |access-date=2 January 2023}}</ref> Tare da sakin "Punchline", Mescal ya ba da sanarwar yawon shakatawa na Burtaniya da Ireland, wanda ya fara a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Duran |first=Anagricel |date=7 July 2023 |title=Nell Mescal shares new single 'Punchline', announces UK and Ireland tour |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/nell-mescal-shares-new-single-punchline-radar-3466351 |access-date=2 August 2023 |website=NME}}</ref> Ta taka leda a bukukuwa da yawa, ciki har da The Great Escape Festival, BST Hyde Park,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Taylor |first=Sam |date=5 May 2023 |title=Nell Mescal and Sam Ryder are amongst the new names for P!nk's BST Hyde Park shows |url=https://readdork.com/news/pink-bst-hyde-park23-supports/ |access-date=2 August 2023}}</ref> Dot to Dot Festival, Latitude Festival, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Damara Kelly |first=Tyler |date=13 April 2023 |title=Oscar Lang, Nell Mescal, Etta Marcus and Mae Stephens among new names for Latitude 2023 |url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/news/oscar-lang-nell-mescal-etta-marcus-and-mae-stephens-among-new-names-for-latitude-2023 |access-date=2 August 2023 |website=The Line of Best Fit}}</ref> Boardmasters Festival, Electric Picnic, Kendal Calling, da Live at Leeds. Ta kuma goyi bayan wasan kwaikwayo na Birdy na Dublin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Lauren |date=24 March 2023 |title=Nell Mescal on "In My Head", Overnight Fame, and Taylor Swift |url=https://www.nylon.com/entertainment/nell-mescal-in-my-head-music-tour |access-date=2 August 2023}}</ref> A watan Janairun shekarar 2024, tare da sakin "Killing Time", Mescal ta sanar da EP dinta na farko Can I Miss it for a Minute? , an shirya buga shi a watan Mayu 2024 ta hanyar LAB Records. Mescal ya bayyana shi a matsayin "ma'anar EP da aka rubuta game da girma, motsawa, rushewar abota, da ƙoƙarin kewayawa tsakanin motsin zuciyar yanzu da tunanin da ba daidai ba".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jamieson |first=Sarah |date=19 January 2024 |title=Nell Mescal announces debut EP 'Can I Miss it for a Minute?' |url=https://diymag.com/news/nell-mescal-debut-ep-can-i-miss-it-for-a-minute |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=DIY}}</ref> Mescal ya sanya hannu tare da Atlantic Records a cikin 2025 kuma ya saki waƙar demo "Thin".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reilly |first=Nick |date=24 April 2025 |title=Nell Mescal shares 'Thin' live demo and announces signing to Atlantic Records |url=https://www.rollingstone.co.uk/music/news/nell-mescal-shares-thin-live-demo-and-announces-signing-to-atlantic-records-49701/ |access-date=3 May 2025 |website=Rolling Stone}}</ref> A cikin 2026, Mescal ya fitar da waƙoƙin, "Kissing the Ground" da "Settles". == Ayyuka na zane-zane == Mescal grew up listening to Mary Chapin Carpenter and Fleetwood Mac through her parents. She said she has sung her whole life and began writing music when she was 13. She has named artists such as Birdy, Lennon Stella, Jensen McRae, Orla Gartland, [[Taylor Swift]], Bon Iver, the 1975, and Finneas O'Connell as inspirations of hers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2020 |title=Singer and songwriter Nell Mescal chats about her love of words, music and creativity |url=https://talent-in-borders.com/interviews/singer-and-songwriter-nell-mescal-chats-about-her-love-of-words-music-and-creativity/ |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=Talent in Borders}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2022 |title=Behind the music - Nell Mescal |url=https://www.rte.ie/entertainment/2022/0723/1311661-behind-the-music-nell-mescal/ |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=RTÉ}}</ref> ''NME'' compared Mescal's music to early [[Tate McRae]] and Lucy Dacus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2023 |title=The NME 100: essential emerging artists for 2023 |url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-radar/the-nme-100-essential-emerging-artists-for-2023-radar-3372061 |access-date=29 January 2023}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2003]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2svx0iv4jy47luwe9d6wzupu46xnaus 0 161933 892593 888342 2026-08-07T12:37:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown''' makaranta ce ta wasan kwaikwayo da ke [[Toronto]], [[Kanada]] . Tana ba da horo a fannoni daban-daban na [[Gidan wasan kwaikwayo|wasan kwaikwayo]], kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantun wasan kwaikwayo da ake girmamawa a ƙasar. An kafa makarantar a shekarar 1976 a matsayin reshen Kwalejin George Brown, wanda kuma take a Toronto. Ana yawan ambaton Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun makarantun wasan kwaikwayo a Kanada. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Curtain Call |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=3846 |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=George Brown College }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Simonson |first=Robert |date=2008-01-14 |title=Joseph Shaw, A Fixture at Stratford Festival, Dies at 87 |url=https://www.playbill.com/article/joseph-shaw-a-fixture-at-stratford-festival-dies-at-87-com-146829 |access-date=2019-11-25 |website=Playbill}}</ref> An san ta da horar da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da masu fasahar wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda suka kammala karatunsu tare da ƙwarewa daban-daban daga malamai da yawa, malamai baƙi, da daraktocin baƙi. Bugu da ƙari, ta sami suna a ƙasa saboda aikin da ɗalibanta suka yi, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu sun sami yabo kuma sun gina ayyukan yi masu nasara a fannin wasan kwaikwayo, fina-finai, talabijin, da sauran masana'antun nishaɗi. <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Alumni Stories — Prominent Graduates |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/prominent_graduates.aspx |website=George Brown College}}</ref> == Tarihi == Kwalejin George Brown ta fara bayar da darussa da dama na wasan kwaikwayo a fannin wasan kwaikwayo, kiɗa, da rawa a shekarar 1973 a matsayin zaɓin ɗan lokaci ga ɗalibanta gabaɗaya. A ƙoƙarin kawo ƙarin haɗin kai ga sashen wasan kwaikwayo na Kwalejin, Dean of Academic Studies Bradley Webb, tare da jagorancin fasaha na tsohon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma darektan Joseph Shaw, sun kafa Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown a shekarar 1976. Makarantar ta fara azuzuwan a watan Satumba na 1976 a matsayin shirin shekaru biyu na ɗalibai 20 wanda aka shirya a harabar Kensington ta Kwalejin tare da mai da hankali kan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma samarwa. Ta ci gaba da faɗaɗa a cikin shekara mai zuwa tare da samun wurin wasan kwaikwayo a 530 King Street East <ref>{{Cite web |date=1980 |title=Native Opportunities Course and Program Guide |url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/aanc-inac/R32-49-1980-eng.pdf |access-date=2019-06-18 |website=Government of Canada Publications |publisher=Government of Canada}}</ref> yayin da horo ya ci gaba a harabar Casa Loma ta Kwalejin. Bayan Shaw ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1986, Heinar Piller ya zama Daraktan Fasaha na makarantar. Piller ya ɗauki Peter C. Wylde a matsayin Shugaban Aiki kuma a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsu, an faɗaɗa shirin daga shekaru biyu zuwa uku. An sake fasalin manhajar karatu tare da mai da hankali kan rubutun gargajiya da kuma faɗaɗa abubuwan da suka shafi wasan kwaikwayo don nuna ɗaliban da suka kammala karatunsu, gami da ƙara wani wasan kwaikwayo na yara da ɗaliban aji biyu suka yi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=2011-2012 Stage Door |url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/aanc-inac/R32-49-1980-eng.pdf |access-date=2019-06-18 |website=University of Toronto Mississauga}}</ref> Bayan ritayar Piller a shekarar 1997, Paul Lampert ya yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Fasaha na makarantar tsawon shekaru uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paul Lampert_related experience |url=https://www.paullampert.com/content_frames/theatre/teaching.html |access-date=2019-06-18 |website=Paul Lampert}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, makarantar ta faɗaɗa horonta ta hanyar ƙaddamar da shirin Gabatarwa ga Ayyukan Fasaha (IPAC) na shekara ɗaya. <ref name=":3"/> James Simon ya karɓi ragamar Daraktan Fasaha a shekarar 2000. A watan Disamba na wannan shekarar, Paul Carder, Shugaban Kasuwanci da Fasaha na Kwalejin a wancan lokacin, ya tuntuɓi Albert Schultz, Daraktan Fasaha na Kamfanin Wasan Kwaikwayo na Soulpepper, game da ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin kamfanin da Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Young Centre for the Performing Arts |url=http://entertainmentcanada.com/locations/30066118-young-centre-for-the-performing-arts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619200023/http://entertainmentcanada.com/locations/30066118-young-centre-for-the-performing-arts |archive-date=2019-06-19 |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=Entertainment Canada |publisher=Logograph}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Cibiyar Matasa don Fasaha ta Fasaha, wani wurin wasan kwaikwayo na ƙwararru da ke gundumar Distillery ta Toronto inda makarantar da Soulpepper suke yanzu. An fara darussa a hukumance a Cibiyar Matasa a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2005. A watan Janairun 2018, Toronto Star, CBC, da Dialog sun buga labarai da ke bayyana cin zarafi, wariya, cin zarafi, da cin zarafi da wani malami a Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown ya yi wa ɗalibai. An ce abubuwan da tsoffin ɗalibai suka ruwaito sun faru ne tsakanin 2000 da 2015. A cewar labaran, tsoffin ɗalibai sun kai rahoton zarge-zargen cin zarafi ga Kwalejin George Brown da kuma gwamnatin Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown a 2007 da kuma tun farkon 2000. A cikin 2017, ƙarin rahotanni sun ambaci mukaddashin farfesa Todd Hammond a matsayin babban mai laifin cin zarafi, wanda ya haifar da hutunsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=George Brown Theatre School Survivors |url=https://gbsurvivors.org/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-17 |title=Intermission {{!}} Confessions from Theatre School |url=https://www.intermissionmagazine.ca/artist-perspective/confessions-theatre-school/ |access-date=2019-06-28 |website=Intermission |language=en-CA}}</ref> An cire shi daga kundin malaman makarantar wasan kwaikwayo a 2018 kuma Kwalejin ba ta sake biyansa ko ɗaukarsa aiki ba nan da 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ontario Public Salary Disclosure 2020 |url=https://www.ontario.ca/page/public-sector-salary-disclosure-2020-all-sectors-and-seconded-employees |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=www.ontario.ca |archive-date=2021-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428213629/https://www.ontario.ca/page/public-sector-salary-disclosure-2020-all-sectors-and-seconded-employees |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Theatre Faculty Directory |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/faculty/theatre/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330205515/https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/faculty/theatre/ |archive-date=2019-03-30 |access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref> Tun daga lokacin makarantar ta fuskanci sauye-sauye da dama dangane da wallafe-wallafen, wato ɗaukar sabbin farfesoshi na riƙon ƙwarya, canje-canje a cikin malamai, da kuma maye gurbin Sue Miner a matsayin Mai Gudanar da Shirye-shirye bayan James Simon. <ref name=":11"/> [[Fayil:Exploring_the_distillery_district,_2014_12_03_(13).JPG_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Gefen shiga makarantar kamar yadda aka gani daga titin Cherry .]] A watan Nuwamba na 2001, an sanar da Aikin Gundumar Tarihi na Distillery a matsayin sabon wurin jan hankali na Toronto. Haɗin gwiwar Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown da Soulpepper nan da nan suka fara tattaunawa da ƙungiyar Cityscape Development don mallakar Tank Houses 9 da 10, wanda ya ƙirƙiri abin da ya zama Cibiyar Matasa don Fasahar Wasanni. Manufar wannan haɗin gwiwa ita ce ƙirƙirar wurin koyar da fasaha, ilimi da kuma wayar da kan jama'a da kuma gida ga makarantar, Soulpepper, da kuma al'ummar fasaha mai zaman kanta ta Toronto. <ref name=":2"/> === Cibiyar Matasa don Fasahar Wasanni === A shekara ta 2002, an ɗauki kamfanin gine-gine na Kuwabara Payne McKenna Blumberg Architects aiki don tsara cibiyar tare da Thomas Payne a matsayin babban mai zane. Tsarin ya ƙunshi gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na ƙwararru guda uku, ɗakunan gwaji guda huɗu, azuzuwa biyu, shagon kayan sawa, wurin zama na ɗalibai, lambun masu fasaha, wurin shakatawa na jama'a, gidan shayi, da ofisoshin gudanarwa na makarantar wasan kwaikwayo da Soulpepper. George Brown da Soulpepper kowannensu ya tara rabin kuɗin dala miliyan 14 ban da kyautar dala miliyan 3 daga Gidauniyar Iyali ta Michael Young a shekara ta 2003 wanda ya sami kuɗi don haɓaka ta. <ref name=":2"/> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=The Facilities |url=https://www1.youngcentre.ca/the-facilities |access-date=2019-06-20 |website=Young Centre for the Performing Arts}}</ref> Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown, wacce ke aiki a cikin 9080&nbsp;Faɗin ginin mai faɗin ƙafa ², <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=George Brown College Master Campus Plan Report |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/about/master-campus-plan.pdf |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> ya fara azuzuwan a cibiyar da aka kammala aikin a watan Satumba na 2005 kafin buɗe Cibiyar Matasa a hukumance a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-06-01 |title=Adaptive Reuse: Buildings 49 & 50 — Young Centre for the Performing Arts |url=http://distilleryheritage.com/snippets/65.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721042303/http://www.distilleryheritage.com/snippets/65.pdf |archive-date=July 21, 2013 |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=Distillery District Heritage Website}}</ref> === Gidajen wasan kwaikwayo === Makarantar wasan kwaikwayo tana yin wasan kwaikwayo akai-akai a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo guda uku a Cibiyar Matasa. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Marilyn da Charles Baillie, mafi girma daga cikin ukun, wuri ne mai sassauƙa wanda ke ɗaukar masu kallo har zuwa 378 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Marilyn and Charles Baillie Theatre |url=https://cdn.agilitycms.com/young-centre/facility-specs/Marilyn_and_Charles_Baillie_Theatre-2017.pdf |access-date=2019-06-20 |website=Young Centre for the Performing Arts |archive-date=2019-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621021848/https://cdn.agilitycms.com/young-centre/facility-specs/Marilyn_and_Charles_Baillie_Theatre-2017.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma yana karɓar bakuncin wasan kwaikwayo na yara na shekara ta biyu. A halin yanzu, kakar karatun ajin yana canzawa tsakanin Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Michael Young, wanda ke ɗaukar masu kallo har zuwa 269, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Michael Young Theatre |url=https://cdn.agilitycms.com/young-centre/facility-specs/Michael_Young_Theatre-2017.pdf |access-date=2019-06-20 |website=Young Centre for the Performing Arts |archive-date=2019-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621021848/https://cdn.agilitycms.com/young-centre/facility-specs/Michael_Young_Theatre-2017.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> da Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Tank House, wanda ke da damar mutane 110. <ref name=":5"/> == Adadin shiga da kuma kammala karatun digiri == === Shiga === Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown shiri ne mai matuƙar gasa wanda ke karɓar ɗalibai 30 zuwa 32 kawai kowace shekara a cikin shirinta na difloma na shekaru uku daga cikin masu neman shiga 650 zuwa 700. Shiga ya dogara ne akan nasarar tsarin gwaji mai matakai 3: zagaye na farko na gwajin aiki - inda ake buƙatar 'yan takara su yi magana ta zamani, magana ta gargajiya, da kuma waƙar cappella - zagaye na biyu na gwajin kira, da kuma zagaye na uku na tambayoyi. Ana gudanar da gwajin gwaji kai tsaye a watan Afrilu da Mayu na kowace shekara a Toronto, da kuma ta Skype idan ya cancanta ga 'yan takarar da ba za su iya tafiya don gwajin ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Theatre Program Auditions: Conservatory Actor Training |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/auditions/ |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> === Adadin kammala karatun digiri === Duk da cewa har zuwa ɗalibai 32 ake shigar da su makarantar a shekarar farko, ajin da ake ɗauka a matsayin ɗaliban da suka kammala karatu yana da kimanin ɗalibai 14 zuwa 19. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=George Brown Theatre School graduates 2018 |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/2018-theatre-grads.pdf |website=George Brown College}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=George Brown Theatre School graduates 2016 |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/2016-theatre-grads.pdf |website=George Brown College}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=George Brown Theatre School graduates 2015 |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/2015-theatre-grads.pdf |website=George Brown College}}</ref> Hakazalika, a matsakaici, rukunin ɗalibai na shekara ta biyu yana da, a matsakaici, ɗalibai 19. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2021, ɗalibai 25 sun kammala karatu - ɗaya daga cikin manyan azuzuwan da aka taɓa yi a tarihi. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2021-03-10 |title=Three Sisters & Co. |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/three-sisters-co |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430134349/https://www.georgebrown.ca/three-sisters-co |archive-date=2021-04-30 |access-date=2021-08-26 |website=George Brown College |language=en}}</ref> == Manhaja ta Manhaja == Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown cibiya ce da ke da hedikwata a makarantun kide-kide. Manhajar karatunta ta farko an gina ta ne bisa tsarin gargajiya na yin aiki ta hanyar murya, motsi, magana, rawa, da kuma azuzuwan kiɗa, <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Theatre Arts — Performance Program (P104) — Full Description |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/programs/theatre-arts-performance-program-p104/#descriptionContent |access-date=2019-06-21 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> wanda ake buƙatar ɗalibai su ɗauka a duk tsawon shirin difloma na shekaru uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Theatre Arts — Performance Program (P104) |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/uploadedfiles/ProgramPDFs/2019-2020/Arts,%20Design%20and%20Information%20Technology/P104-2019-2020.pdf |access-date=2019-06-21 |website=George Brown College }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Dalibai suna koyon salon wasan kwaikwayo iri-iri ta waɗannan azuzuwan da kuma ta wasu darussa da ake buƙata ciki har da faɗan mataki, haɓakawa, abin rufe fuska na tsaka-tsaki, abin rufe fuska na hali, yin barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo na commedia dell'arte, bayar da labari, dabarun fina-finai da talabijin, da kuma nazarin yanayi daban-daban na gargajiya da na zamani. Baya ga wannan, ɗalibai suna ɗaukar darussa a nazarin rubutu, haɓaka hulɗa, ilimin harshe, dabarun gwaji, tarihin wasan kwaikwayo, kasuwancin wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma dabarun Alexander . <ref name=":6" /> Shirin yana da matuƙar muhimmanci, wani lokacin yana buƙatar ɗalibai su yi horo na sama da awanni 11 a rana ɗaya. Dalibai kuma suna shiga cikin shirye-shiryen cikakku guda biyar a tsawon shekaru uku na horon su. Daliban aji uku suna aiki tare da kwararrun daraktoci, manajojin mataki, masu zane-zane, da masu fasaha don samar da cikakken kakar wasan kwaikwayo da aka yi a Cibiyar Matasa don Fasahar Wasanni. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Theatre Programs |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/programs/theatre/ |access-date=2019-06-21 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ɗaliban aji biyu suna tsara da gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na yara a kowace Nuwamba da Disamba bisa ga labaran marubucin yara Robert Munsch . Baya ga horo da wasan kwaikwayo, makarantar tana ba da shirin jagoranci inda ɗaliban aji na uku za a haɗa su daban-daban da wani ƙwararren mai koyar da wasan kwaikwayo wanda ke ba da jagoranci ga kowane ɗalibi na tsawon shekara guda bayan kammala karatunsa. <ref name=":6"/> Ana kuma ba wa ɗaliban aji na uku bita na tsawon makonni uku a fannin ɗaukar motsi da kuma yin magana a makarantar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=George Brown Theatre Fall 2013 Newsletter |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/theatre/news/fall2013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911002433/http://www.georgebrown.ca/theatre/news/fall2013.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-11 |access-date=2019-06-21 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> Bayan shirinta na shekaru uku, Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown tana ba da shirin takardar sheda na shekara ɗaya da aka sani da Shirin Shiri (wanda a da ake kira Shirin Gabatarwa ga Ayyukan Fasaha). <ref name=":3"/> An tsara wannan shirin ne ga ɗaliban da ke son samun ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don shiga makarantun wasan kwaikwayo ko kasuwancin nishaɗi. Waɗanda suka kammala karatun shirin shirye-shirye galibi suna yin gwaji cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo na shekaru uku na makarantar. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Theatre Arts — Preparation Program (P108) |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/uploadedfiles/ProgramPDFs/2018-2019/Arts,%20Design%20and%20Information%20Technology/P108-2018-2019.pdf |website=George Brown College }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Fitattun tsofaffin ɗalibai == Fitattun tsofaffin ɗaliban makarantar wasan kwaikwayo ta George Brown sun haɗa da: <ref name=":9"/> <ref name=":12"/>{{Columns-list|* [[Hannah Emily Anderson]] — (''[[Jigsaw (2017 film)|Jigsaw]]'', ''[[What Keeps You Alive]]'') * [[Keith Barker (writer)|Keith Barker]] — ([[Native Earth Performing Arts]]) * [[Katherine Barrell]] — (''[[Wynonna Earp (TV series)|Wynonna Earp]]'', ''[[Workin' Moms]]'') * [[Samantha Bee]] — (''[[Full Frontal with Samantha Bee]]'')<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2016/02/samantha-bee-timeline.html|title=The Rise and Rise of Samantha Bee |last=Duca|first=Lauren|date=2016-02-06|work=The Vulture}}</ref> * [[Shaun Benson]] — (''[[The Girlfriend Experience (TV series)|The Girlfriend Experience]]'', ''[[Being Erica]]'')<ref>{{cite web |title=Shaun Benson |url=https://ggagency.ca/benson/ |website=Gary Goddard Agency}}</ref> * [[Ryder Britton]] — (''[[Degrassi: The Next Generation]]'', ''[[Mantracker]]'')<ref>{{cite web|title=2006 George Brown Theatre School Graduates|url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/2006_theatre_grads/|website=George Brown College|date=2006|access-date=2019-06-15|archive-date=2016-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412183118/http://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/2006_theatre_grads/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Catherine Bruhier]] — (''[[The Young and the Restless|The Young and The Restless]]'') * [[Kristian Bruun]] — (''[[Orphan Black]]'', ''[[Carter (TV series)|Carter]]'', ''[[Tactical Girls]]'') * [[Valerie Buhagiar]] — (''[[Roadkill (1989 film)|Roadkill]]'', ''[[A Winter Tale]]'') * [[Evan Buliung]] — (''[[Dear Evan Hansen]]'', [[Shaw Festival]], [[Stratford Festival]]) * [[Ben Carlson]] — ([[Stratford Festival]], ''[[Hamlet]]'', ''[[The Taming of the Shrew]]'') * [[Philip DeWilde]] — (''[[Turning Paige]]'', ''[[Prince Charming (2001 film)|Prince Charming]]'') * [[Steffi DiDomenicantonio]] — (''[[Spring Awakening (musical)|Spring Awakening]]'', ''[[Come from Away]]'')<ref>{{cite web|title=Making the Leap|url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/theatre/news/fall2012_newsletter.pdf|date=2012|website=George Brown College}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[Karen Dwyer]] — (''[[Better Than Chocolate]]'', ''[[Superstar (1999 film)|Superstar]]'')<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://popgoesthenews.com/2018/09/26/better-than-chocolate-star-karyn-dwyer-dies-at-43/|title='Better Than Chocolate' star Karyn Dwyer dies at 43 |date=2018-09-26|work=Pop Goes the News}}</ref> * [[TL Forsberg]] — (''[[Switched at Birth (TV series)|Switched at Birth]]'') * [[Brendan Gall]] — (''[[Blindspot (TV series)|Blindspot]]'', ''[[Open Heart (TV series)|Open Heart]]'', ''[[The L.A. Complex]]'') * [[Soo Garay]] — (''[[My Children! My Africa!]]'', ''[[Queer as Folk (2000 TV series)|Queer as Folk]]'') * [[Colton Gobbo]] — (''[[Ginny and Georgia]]'', ''[[Son of a Critch]]'', ''[[The Desperate Hour]]'') * [[Brad Goreski]] — (''[[Fashion Police|E! Fashion Police]]'') * [[Carter Hayden]] — (''[[Total Drama]]'', ''[[Camp Lakebottom]]'') * [[Falen Johnson]] — ([[Soulpepper]], ''Secret Life of Canada'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.harbourfrontcentre.com/whatson/planetindigenusoff-site.cfm?id=3834|title=Planet IndigenUs Off-site|website=Harbourfront Centre|access-date=2020-03-20}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[Emmanuel Kabongo]] — (''[[Teenagers (web series)|Teenagers]]'', ''[[21 Thunder]]'')<ref name=":8" /> * [[Patrick Kwok-Choon]] — (''[[Open Heart (TV series)|Open Heart]]'', ''[[Star Trek: Discovery]]'') * [[Daniel MacIvor]] — (''[[Twitch City]]'', ''[[Marion Bridge (film)|Marion Bridge]]'') * [[Colm Magner]] — (''[[Street Time]]'', ''[[This Is Wonderland]]'') * [[Michael Mahonen]] — (''[[Road to Avonlea]]'', ''[[Star Trek: Voyager]]'') * [[Sarah Manninen]] — (''[[Murdoch Mysteries]]'', ''[[Alias Grace]]'') * [[Meredith McGeachie]] — (''[[Punch (2002 film)|Punch]]'', ''[[The L Word]]'', ''[[Paradise Falls]]'') * [[Claudette Mink]] — (''[[24 (TV series)|24]]'', ''[[R.L. Stine's The Haunting Hour]]'', ''[[Harper's Island]]'') * [[Paul O'Sullivan (actor)|Paul O'Sullivan]] — (''[[George Shrinks]]'', ''[[Grossology (TV series)|Grossology]]'', ''[[Friends and Heroes]]'') * [[Alex Paxton-Beesley]] — (''[[Murdoch Mysteries]]'', ''[[Cardinal (TV series)|Cardinal]]'', ''[[Pure (Canadian TV series)|Pure]]'') * [[Aaron Poole]] — (''[[This Beautiful City]]'', ''[[Strange Empire]]'') * [[Andra Simons]] — (''The Joshua Tales'', ''Turtlemen'') * [[Janaya Stephens]] — (''[[Left Behind (series)|Left Behind]]'' series, ''[[Inside the Osmonds]]'', ''[[Flashpoint (TV series)|Flashpoint]]'')<ref>{{cite web |title=Janaya Stephens — About |url=https://www.janayastephens.com/about.php |website=Janaya Stephens}}</ref> * [[Ordena Stephens-Thompson]] — (''[[Da Kink in My Hair]]'') * [[Dylan Taylor (actor)|Dylan Taylor]] — (''[[Defying Gravity (TV series)|Defying Gravity]]'', ''[[Pure (Canadian TV series)|Pure]]'', ''[[What Would Sal Do?]]'')|colwidth=22em}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] n8k91lvjppuvtosh4rsl0e7zw38tx7i 0 162055 892589 885833 2026-08-07T12:18:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Gwanjo ta Ohio (OAS)''' makarantar gwanjo ce da ke kusa da [[Columbus|Columbus, Ohio]], Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ohio Auctioneers Association |title=Ohio Approved Auctioneer Schools |url=http://www.ohioauctioneers.org/schools.php |access-date=February 6, 2007}}</ref> Jihohi da yawa suna buƙatar mutane su kammala karatunsu a makarantar gwanjo da jihar ta amince da ita domin samun lasisin yin aiki a wannan jihar. Makarantar Gwanjo ta Ohio tana ba da umarnin da aka wajabta wa [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ohio Department of Agriculture |title=Ohio Approved Auctioneer Schools |url=http://www.ohioagriculture.gov/pubs/divs/auct/AUCT-APPROVED%20AUCTIONEER%20SCHOOLS01_13_06.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003094648/http://www.ohioagriculture.gov/pubs/divs/auct/AUCT-APPROVED%20AUCTIONEER%20SCHOOLS01_13_06.PDF |archive-date=October 3, 2006 |access-date=January 29, 2007}}</ref> [[Indiana]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=Indiana Professional Licensing Agency |date=August 14, 2006 |title=PRE-LICENSING COURSE PROVIDERS |url=http://www.in.gov/pla/bandc/auction/prelicensing_providers.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061227061052/http://www.in.gov/pla/bandc/auction/prelicensing_providers.html |archive-date=December 27, 2006 |access-date=January 29, 2007}}</ref> [[Texas]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation |title=Approved Auction Schools |url=http://www.license.state.tx.us/auc/auction.htm#schools |access-date=February 1, 2007}}</ref> [[Virginia]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Professional and Occupational |title=VIRGINIA APPROVED AUCTIONEERING SCHOOLS |url=http://www.state.va.us/dpor/forms/auc/29st_scl.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061207175947/http://www.state.va.us/dpor/forms/auc/29st_scl.pdf <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=December 7, 2006 |access-date=February 6, 2007}}</ref> [[West Virginia]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=West Virginia Department of Agriculture |title=Directory of Licensed Auctioneers and Apprentice Auctioneers |url=http://www.wvagriculture.org/programs/Licensed%20Auctioneers%20and%20Apprentices%20Pages/Auctioneering%20Schools.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061008221226/http://www.wvagriculture.org/programs/Licensed%20Auctioneers%20and%20Apprentices%20Pages/Auctioneering%20Schools.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=October 8, 2006 |access-date=February 4, 2007}}</ref> da [[Louisiana]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Louisiana Auctioneers Licensing Board |date=November 22, 2005 |title=Approved Auctioneer Schools |url=http://www.lalb.org/schools.htm |access-date=February 4, 2007 |archive-date=June 30, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630055659/http://www.lalb.org/schools.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Makarantar Gwanjo ta Ohio a shekarar 1999 bisa ga dokokin Jihar Ohio don samar da ilimin kafin a ba da lasisi ga masu gwanjo. Mike Brandly, mai gyaran gwanjo na Columbus Ohio, ya ɗauki matsayin Babban Darakta; Lisa Mantle aka naɗa ta Shugabar Makarantar. == Manhaja ta Manhaja == Batutuwan da aka haɗa a cikin manhajar karatun sa'o'i 80 kafin a ba da lasisi sun haɗa da kiran tayin (magana a sarari, amma da sauri), kwangiloli, ayyukan kasuwanci, ma'aikata, saita gwanjon, kayan sauti, haɗa kwamfuta da gwanjon kan layi, ɗabi'a, da takamaiman bayanai game da sayar da dabbobi, kayan tarihi, abubuwan da aka tara, motoci, tsabar kuɗi, da gidaje. Yawanci ana gudanar da sharuɗɗa sau biyu a shekara, inda ake yin zango ɗaya na makonni biyu a bazara da kuma wani a kaka. Tun lokacin da aka buɗe makarantar gwanjo ta Ohio ta sami izini a wasu jihohi, ciki har da Indiana, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, da Louisiana. Azuzuwan makarantar sun haɗa da ɗalibai daga jihohi bakwai da [[Bahamas|Tsibiran Bahamas]] . Waɗanda suka kammala karatun Makarantar Gwanjo ta Ohio sun ci gasar neman tikitin shiga gasar jiha da dama kuma sun zama masu yin gwanjo. Sama da mutane 200 sun halarci azuzuwan har zuwa shekarar 2005. == Ci gaba da ilimi == A shekara ta 2003, Makarantar Gwanjo ta Ohio ta fara samar da azuzuwan ci gaba da ilimi ga masu gwanjo da kuma zaman ƙara wa waɗanda aka zauna don jarrabawar lasisin masu gwanjo, baya ga ilimin masu gwanjo kafin a ba su lasisi. == Wuri == Hedikwatar makarantar tana a lamba 4949 Hendron Road, Groveport, Ohio, Amurka (mil goma sha biyar kudu maso gabashin tsakiyar birnin Columbus, Ohio). == Manazarta == 5wqshpy4wfvr8avvh4vjj00ec45nnwk 0 162228 892951 889305 2026-08-08T10:54:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick John Joseph Roberts''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 1997) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City . == Aikin kulob == === Fulham === Roberts ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko tare da Molesey Juniors sannan kuma tare da AFC Wimbledon . An yi masa tayin yin gwaji a makarantun ƙwallon ƙafa da dama ammah Fulham ce ta ɗauki Roberts yana ɗan shekara 13. <ref name="contract reaction">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2014 |title=Roberts deal delight |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164907/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2014 |title=The star makers: How Fulham became one of the best youth academies in the modern game |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819133054/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=19 August 2014 |publisher=independent.co.uk}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru jim kaɗan bayan cikarsa shekaru 17 a watan Fabrairun 2014, inda ya daɗe yana tare da ƙungiyar har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2014 |title=Roberts' Pro Deal |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164325/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> Roberts ya bayyana sanya hannu kan kwangilar a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jin daɗin da na taɓa samu a rayuwata". <ref name="contract reaction" /> An sanya sunan Roberts a cikin ' yan wasan da za su maye gurbin Fulham a karon farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 2014 a wasan [[Premier League|Premier]] da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], <ref name="Newcastle">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Fulham 1 – 0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26493211 |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> inda kocin Fulham Felix Magath ya bayyana Roberts bayan wasan a matsayin "mai baiwa ta musamman". <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Magath: I Hate To Lose |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/march/15/magath-i-hate-to-lose |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=Fulham FC}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Maris shekara ta 2014, ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 55 a wasan da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ta sha kashi a gasar Premier. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, ya zura kwallo a zagaye na biyu na wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin matasa ta FA ta shekara ta 2014, wanda Fulham ta sha kashi a hannun [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 7-6 a jimilla. Farkon bayyanar Roberts a kakar wasa ta 2014–2015 ta zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan farko da Fulham za ta buga da Ipswich Town a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, inda ya sami damar samun taimako jim kaɗan bayan ya shigo. Ya fara buga wa Cottagers wasa a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2014 a wasan gida da Wolverhampton Wanderers . === Manchester City === A ranar 19 ga Yulin shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, wanda ake kyautata zaton zai kai fam miliyan 12. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Manchester City sign Fulham's Patrick Roberts to swell homegrown contingent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/19/manchester-city-sign-patrick-roberts-fulham |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Roberts ya fara buga wasa ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jesús Navas a karawar da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] ta yi da gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya ta shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester City vs. Real Madrid – 24 July 2015 – Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/07/24/world/international-champions-cup/manchester-city-football-club/real-madrid-club-de-futbol/2032770/ |access-date=2015-07-24 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Satumba, shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Manchester City lokacin da ya shigo wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da ci 4-1 a gasar League Cup . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Sunderland 1 – 4 Man City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/sep/22/sunderland-manchester-city-capital-one-cup-match-report |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar Premier a Manchester City a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, inda ya maye gurbin Sergio Agüero . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tottenham Hotspur vs. Manchester City – 26 September 2015 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/09/26/england/premier-league/tottenham-hotspur-football-club/manchester-city-football-club/2043111 |access-date=26 September 2015 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Celtic ==== A ranar 29 ga Janairun shekarar 2016, an ruwaito cewa [[ƙungiyar ƙwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] ta amince da yarjejeniyar aro ta watanni 18 da Manchester City ga Roberts, yayin da dan wasan ke Glasgow don a duba lafiyarsa. An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 wasa bayan 'yan kwanaki a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 4-0, inda ya zura kwallo ta huɗu a ragar Celtic a minti na ƙarshe sannan ya taimaka wajen zura kwallaye uku a raga. Roberts ya fara buga wa Celtic wasa a karon farko a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 2016, inda ya maye gurbinsa a mintuna na ƙarshe na nasarar da Celtic ta samu a kan Inverness Caledonian Thistle a gasar Celtic Park da ci 3-0. <ref name="fb156">{{Cite web |title=Games involving Roberts, Patrick in season 2015/2016 |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player_games.php?playerid=7903 |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=FitbaStats}}</ref> An fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 2 ga Maris a wasan lig a gida da Dundee . Celtic ta iya yin kunnen doki ne kawai da ci 0-0, amma an lura cewa Roberts ya yi kama da "mai kaifi" kuma ya nuna "hazakarsa". <ref name="start" /> [[Fayil:Roberts2019TrainingNCFC.jpg|right|thumb|267x267px| Roberts bayan horo da Norwich City a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 2 ga Afrilun 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kulab, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Celtic a wasan da suka doke Hearts da ci 3-1. <ref name="BBC416">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Celtic 3–1 Hearts: Patrick Roberts lauded after first goals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35951200 |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan kyakkyawan tsari da ya yi inda ya zura kwallaye uku a raga, an nada Roberts a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Scotland na watan Afrilu. Ya sake zura kwallaye biyu a ranar 8 ga Mayu a wasan da suka doke [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] da ci 3-2, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta lashe gasar Premier ta Scotland . Roberts ya sake zura kwallo a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 7-0, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 7 a wasanni 12 da ya buga wa Celtic. Roberts ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 20 ga Yulin Shekarar 2016, inda ya fara wasa kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Lincoln Red Imps da ci 3-0. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar wakiltar Ingila a Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga Gasar Zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Disamba 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallo mai ban mamaki a raga kuma an nada shi gwarzon ɗan wasa a wasan da suka buga da ƙungiyarsa ta asali Manchester City a gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Manchester City 1–1 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38202631 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2016–17 da wasanni 43 da kwallaye 15, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta kammala kakar wasa ta cikin gida ba tare da an doke ta ba, inda ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar lig ta shida a jere. A ranar 28 ga Agusta Shekarar 2017, an sanar da cewa Roberts ya koma Celtic a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=Delight as Patrick Roberts rejoins Celtic on loan |url=http://www.celticfc.net/news/13158 |publisher=[[Celtic F.C.|celticfc.net]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, a lokacin wasan da suka yi da Motherwell, Roberts ya ji rauni a cinyarsa kuma ya yi jinya na tsawon watanni da dama. Ya dawo kan wannan wasan a ranar 18 ga Maris 2018 lokacin da ya maye gurbin James Forrest a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. ==== Lamuni zuwa Girona ==== Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Manchester City da [[Girona FC|ke Girona]] ta Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda Manchester City ta ce matakin da ya fi dacewa a ci gaban Robert shine gwada kansa a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]], ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin fasaha a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |title=Patrick Roberts joins Girona on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/first-team/first-team-news/2018/august/man-city-patrick-roberts-joins-girona-on-loan |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, shi ne kawai ɗan wasan Ingila da ke buga wasa a manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Sipaniya, kuma ya fara buga wasa washegari a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da Real Valladolid . Duk da haka, ya jure wa mawuyacin lokaci, kuma bai ci kwallo a wasanni 19 na gasar ba yayin da kulob din ya fuskanci koma baya a Segunda División . ==== Aron zuwa Norwich City ==== Roberts shi ne sabon ɗan wasa na farko da ya shiga cikin waɗanda suka lashe gasar Championship kwanan nan, don haka ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] ta Norwich City ta samu ci gaba, inda ya sanya hannu a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. ==== Lamuni ga Middlesbrough ==== A ranar 2 ga Janairun 2020, Roberts ya koma [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ragar Middlesbrough a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2020 |title=The statistics behind Patrick Roberts' Reading display after Manchester City loanee nets first goal for Middlesbrough |url=https://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/sport/football/middlesbrough-fc/statistics-behind-patrick-roberts-reading-display-after-manchester-city-nets-first-goal-middlesbrough-2915865 |access-date=3 January 2021 |publisher=hartlepoolmail.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2020, an sanar da cewa za a sake ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar har tsawon kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . ==== Lamuni ga Derby County ==== A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2021, Roberts ya koma Derby County a matsayin aro har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2020-21. Bayan kwana biyu, ya fara bugawa Rams wasa a matsayin madadin Kamil Jóźwiak a wasan da Rotherham United ta sha kashi a hannun 0-3 a gasar firimiya. ==== Aron kuɗi ga Troyes ==== A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2021 ya koma ƙungiyar Troyes ta Faransa a matsayin aro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leigh |first=Neil |title=Sandler and Roberts join Troyes on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/philippe-sandler-patrick-roberts-join-troyes-on-loan-63766043 |website=www.mancity.com}}</ref> === Sunderland === A ranar 21 ga Janairun Shekara ta 2022, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar League One [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a kan yarjejeniyar watanni shida ta farko, inda ƙungiyar ke da zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts signs for Sunderland |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/january/patrick-roberts-signs-for-sunderland |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da Sunderland ta doke [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 12 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022 ya ci wa Sunderland kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasa na biyu na gasar League 1 da Sheffield Wednesday, inda ya kai su wasan ƙ arshe na play-off a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Sheffield Wednesday 1–1 Sunderland (agg 1–2): Black Cats to face Wycombe in play-off final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61294931 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuni 2022, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu da kulob din bayan ya samu ci gaba ta hanyar wasannin share fage. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts (Messi) is here to stay |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/june/patrick-roberts-new-contract |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 1 ga Satumba, Shekara ta 2025, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blues complete loan signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-loan-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=Bcfc.com |publisher=Birmingham City FC}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, Shekarar 2026, bayan ya yi fice a rabin farko na kakar wasa, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin da Birmingham City kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, inda ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2026 |title=Blues complete permanent signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://www.bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-permanent-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=2 February 2026 |website=www.bcfc.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:France_-_England_U19,_20150331_58.JPG|alt=young white man in white and blue kit|thumb|251x251px| Roberts yana bugawa Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2015]] Roberts ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19. <ref name="FA">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts |url=http://www.thefa.com/england/all-teams/players/r/patrick-roberts |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Ingila ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a Malta a shekarar 2014, inda ya zura kwallaye uku, ya taimaka wajen taimakawa 'yan wasa hudu, sannan aka sanya shi a cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar. <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> A watan Agusta na Shekarar 2014, Roberts ya sami kiran farko na shiga tawagar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Football Association |title=Three U17 Euro winners make step up to England U19s |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/england/development/2014/aug/u19-squad-germany-oberhausen-izzy-brown-patrick-roberts-joe-gomez |website=thefa.com}}</ref> Duk da cewa yana ɗan shekara 17 kacal a lokacin, Roberts ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila a zagayen cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2015. A wasannin rukuni uku da Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 suka buga, Roberts ya zura kwallaye huɗu jimilla kuma ya taimaka aka ci huɗu. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar kasancewa cikin tawagar Ingila a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga gasar zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps"/> An kuma yi tsammanin za a zaɓi Roberts a cikin tawagar Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2017, ammah maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya buga wa Celtic wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Scotland ta Shekarar 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Patrick Roberts passes up U20 World Cup spot to stay at Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39825899 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Roberts a Kingston upon Thames, Greater London . Iyayensa (Louise da Neil) dukkansu 'yan Merseyside ne. Yana da babban ɗan'uwa Adam da ƙanwarsa Jessica. Shi mai sha'awar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC ne]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akerman |first=Nick |date=20 August 2014 |title=Liverpool Transfer News: 'English Messi' Patrick Roberts Eyed, Jordan Ibe Latest |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2169308-liverpool-transfer-news-english-messi-patrick-roberts-eyed-jordan-ibe-latest |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Tsohon ɗalibi ne na Kwalejin Wimbledon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Wimbledonians Association |url=http://www.oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031164903/http://oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |archive-date=31 October 2016 |access-date=2017-04-23 |website=www.oldwimbledonians.com}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 15 February 2026}}<ref name=SW>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028/|title=Patrick Roberts Profile|publisher=Soccerbase.com|access-date=18 January 2026|archive-date=12 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812022812/http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028/|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Scottish Cup]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Coupe de France]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup|Football League/EFL Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Fulham |2013–14 |[[Premier League]] |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2014–15 |Championship |17 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !0 !2 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !22 !0 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |2015–16 |Premier League |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] (loan) |2015–16<ref name="Games played by Patrick Roberts in 2015/2016" /> |Scottish Premiership |11 |6 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |6 |- |2016–17 |Scottish Premiership |32 |9 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |47 |11 |- |2017–18 |Scottish Premiership |12 |0 |1 |0 |3 |0 |3[c] |1 | colspan="2" |— |19 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !55 !15 !7 !0 !5 !0 !12 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !79 !18 |- |[[Girona FC|Girona]] (loan) |2018–19 |[[La Liga]] |19 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |0 |- |Norwich City (loan) |2019–20 |Premier League |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] (loan) |2019–20<ref name="ReferenceA" /> |Championship |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |11 |1 |- |2020–21 |Championship |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !21 !1 |- |Derby County (loan) |2020–21<ref name="2020-21" /> |Championship |15 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |1 |- |Troyes (loan) |2021–22<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} Sunderland {{!}} Season 2021/2022 {{!}} Soccer Base |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028&season_id=154 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref> |[[Ligue 1]] |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |Troyes II (loan) |2021–22 |Championnat National 3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- | rowspan="6" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |2021–22<ref name=":0" /> |League One |14 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}} |1 |17 |2 |- |2022–23 |Championship |42 |5 |3 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs]]}} |0 |48 |5 |- |2023–24 |Championship |32 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |0 |- |2024–25 |Championship |45 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[e] |0 |48 |2 |- |2025–26 |Premier League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !134 !8 !3 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !8 !1 !147 !9 |- |Birmingham City (loan) |2025–26<ref name="PR2526" /> |Championship |25 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |26 |3 |- |Birmingham City |2025–26 |Championship |2 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !294 !28 !19 !1 !11 !0 !12 !3 !8 !1 !344 !33 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Celtic''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland : 2015–16, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2016 |title=Celtic celebrate fifth straight Scottish title with thumping win over Motherwell |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/scottish-premiership/2015-2016/celtic-celebrate-fifth-straight-scottish-title-with-thumping-win-over-motherwell_sto5573644/story.shtml |access-date=5 December 2016 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin Scotland : 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin League na Scotland : 2016–17, <ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Tom |date=27 November 2016 |title=Aberdeen 0–3 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38110297 |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2017–18 <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2017 |title=Motherwell 0 – 2 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42056522 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Girona''' * Supercopa de Catalunya : 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Barcelona 0:1 Girona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/matches/41493/fc-barcelona-girona-labelcompetitionname800-2018-2019 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> '''Sunderland''' * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL League One : 2022 * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL : 2025 '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16''' * Garkuwar Nasara : 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2012 |title=McCrorie heroics not enough as English retain Victory Shield |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13082955.mccrorie-heroics-not-enough-english-retain-victory-shield/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=[[Herald Scotland]]}}</ref> '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kell |first=Tom |date=21 May 2014 |title=England beat Dutch on penalties to take title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0252-0ce4410e4567-fe869d2670d7-1000--england-beat-dutch-on-penalties-to-take-title/ |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 17 ta UEFA: 2014 <ref name="UEFA"/> * Ɗan Wasan Premier na Scotland na Wata: Afrilu Shekarar 2016 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [http://www.mcfc.co.uk/teams/first-team/midfielders/patrick-roberts Bayanin 'Yan wasa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620113648/http://www.mcfc.co.uk/Teams/First-team/Midfielders/Patrick-Roberts |date=2016-06-20 }} a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] * Patrick Roberts * Patrick Roberts [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} pzono7xq237wzs9sky3a9wvmfopy9wf 0 162259 892617 888378 2026-08-07T16:31:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Marley Martin Mickaël Justin Aké''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Janairu 2001) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Faransa wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa]] ta Belgian Pro League Zulte Waregem a matsayin aro daga ƙungiyar Swizalan Yverdon . == Aikin kulob == === Marseille === A ranar 29 ga Yuni 2019, Aké ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta aiki da Marseille . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Germain |first=Pierre |date=29 June 2019 |title=Marley Ake revient sur la signature de son contrat pro à l'OM |trans-title=Marley Ake comes back on his signing of his pro contract at OM |url=https://fr.onefootball.com/marley-ake-revient-sur-la-signature-de-son-contrat-pro-a-lom/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929212317/https://fr.onefootball.com/marley-ake-revient-sur-la-signature-de-son-contrat-pro-a-lom/ |archive-date=29 September 2019 |access-date=25 January 2021 |website=Onefootball |language=fr}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a matsayinsa na ɗan wasa a [[Ligue 1|gasar Ligue 1]] a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Rennes a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Olympique Marseille vs. Rennes - 29 September 2019 - Soccerway |url=https://ca.soccerway.com/matches/2019/09/29/france/ligue-1/olympique-de-marseille/stade-rennais-fc/3030624/?ICID=HP_MS_03_03 |access-date=25 January 2021 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> === Juventus === A ranar 28 ga Janairun 2021, Aké ya koma ƙungiyar Juventus ta Serie A a kan kwantiragin shekaru huɗu da rabi, a kan yarjejeniyar da ta kai Yuro miliyan 8, inda Franco Tongya ya koma Marseille a kan kuɗin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Juventus.com |title=UFFICIALE {{!}} Marley Akè è bianconero. Tongya al Marsiglia - Juventus |url=https://www.juventus.com/it/news/articoli/ufficiale-marley-ake-e-bianconero-tongya-al-marsiglia |access-date=2021-01-28 |website=Juventus.com |language=it}}</ref> An haɗa Aké cikin ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta juventus, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=28 January 2021 |title=Official {{!}} Marseille & Juventus conclude Marley Aké – Franco Tongya deal in €8m swap |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2021/official-marseille-juventus-conclude-marley-ake-franco-tongya-deal-in-e8m-swap/ |access-date=28 January 2021 |website=Get French Football News}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 31 ga Janairu, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka yi da Giana Erminio a gasar lig. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Juventus, esordio in bianconero per il nuovo acquisto Aké: il francese debutta con l'U23 - TUTTOmercatoWEB.com |url=https://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/serie-a/juventus-esordio-in-bianconero-per-il-nuovo-acquisto-ake-il-francese-debutta-con-l-u23-1489903 |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=www.tuttomercatoweb.com |language=it}}</ref> Kwallon farko da Aké ya ci ta zo ne a ranar 3 ga Maris, inda ya ci kwallo a wasan karshe da ya taimaka wa Juventus U23 ta doke abokiyar hamayyarta Novara da ci 2-1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=JuventusNews24 |first=Redazione |date=2021-03-03 |title=Gol Akè: prima marcatura con la Juventus U23 per il francese |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/gol-ake-prima-marcatura-juventus-under-23-novara-serie-c-2020-21/ |access-date=2021-03-03 |website=Juventus News 24 |language=it-IT}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Satumba, Aké ya rasa bugun fenariti a minti na 14 a wasan da suka sha kashi 1-0 a hannun Pro Patria . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alessandro Villano |date=2021-09-12 |title=Pro Patria Juventus U23 1-0: Akè spreca, prima scontitta stagionale |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/pro-patria-juventus-u23-sintesi-moviola-risultato-tabellino-cronaca-live-serie-c-2021-22/ |access-date=2021-09-12 |website=Juventus News 24 |language=it-IT}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, Aké ya zira kwallayen ƙwallaye a cikin nasara da ci 2–1 da Fiorenzuola '''.''' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Baridon |first=Marco |date=2021-11-20 |title=Juventus U23 Fiorenzuola 2-1: doppio Aké, secondo successo di fila |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/juventus-u23-fiorenzuola-live-sintesi-moviola-tabellino-risultato-cronaca-serie-c-2021-22-highlights/ |access-date=2021-11-20 |website=Juventus News 24 |language=it-IT}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 2021, ƙungiyar farko ta kira shi don buga wasan Serie A da Hellas Verona . <ref>{{Cite web |last=JuventusNews24 |first=Redazione |date=2021-02-26 |title=Convocati Juve per il Verona: out Morata, presenti 3 giovani attaccanti |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/convocati-juve-per-verona-lista-pirlo-serie-a-2020-2021/ |access-date=2022-01-09 |website=Juventus News 24 |language=it-IT}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2022, Aké ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko a wasan da suka doke Sampdoria da ci 4-1 a gasar Coppa Italia, inda ya shigo a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 75; bayan minti ɗaya, ya ci bugun fenariti da [[Álvaro Morata]] ya ci bayan da Tommaso Augello ya yi masa keta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=JuventusNews24 |first=Redazione |date=2022-01-18 |title=Juve Sampdoria 4-1: poker bianconero allo Stadium, Allegri vola ai quarti |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/juve-sampdoria-live-sintesi-moviola-risultato-tabellino-cronaca-coppa-italia-2021-22-highlights/ |access-date=2022-01-18 |website=Juventus News 24 |language=it-IT}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, Aké ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar Serie A, inda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 86 a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Atalanta . <ref>{{Cite web |last=JuventusNews24 |first=Redazione |date=2022-02-13 |title=Esordio Aké in Serie A: prima in campionato per il talento |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/esordio-aake-serie-a-prima-campionato/ |access-date=2022-02-13 |website=Juventus News 24 |language=it-IT}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Maris, Aké ya buga wasansa na farko a matsayin wanda zai fara wasa da Juventus a wasan da suka doke Fiorentina da ci 1-0 a Coppa Italia, inda Juan Cuadrado ya maye gurbinsa bayan hutun rabin lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fiorentina vs. Juventus - 2 March 2022 - Soccerway |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2022/03/02/italy/coppa-italia/acf-fiorentina/juventus-fc/3748826/ |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Agusta 2022, Juventus ta sanar da cewa Aké zai yi jinyar watanni biyu bayan ya ji rauni a lokacin gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=JuventusNews24 |first=Redazione |date=2022-08-01 |title=Infortunio Aké: UFFICIALI due mesi di stop! Le sue condizioni |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/infortunio-ake-comunicato-juve-ufficiale-condizioni-tempi-recupero-ultime-notizie/ |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Juventus News 24 |language=it-IT}}</ref> ==== Aron zuwa Dijon ==== A ranar 31 ga Janairun 2023, Aké ya koma Dijon a gasar Ligue 2 ta Faransa a matsayin aro har zuwa sauran kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2023 |title=MARLEY AKÉ PRÊTÉ AU DFCO PAR LA JUVENTUS TURIN ! |url=https://www.dfco.fr/marley-ake-prete-au-dfco-par-la-juventus-turin/ |access-date=31 January 2023 |publisher=Dijon FCO |language=fr}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye uku a wasanni 14 da Dijon, sannan ya buga wasanni biyu da ƙungiyar reserve ta ƙungiyar. ==== Lamuni ga Udinese da Yverdon ==== A ranar 7 ga Agusta 2023, Aké ya koma ƙungiyar [[Udinese Calcio|Udinese]] ta Serie A a matsayin aro tare da zaɓin siye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2023 |title=Benvenuto Marley: Un nuovo esterno in casa bianconera |url=https://www.udinese.it/news/squadra/benvenuto-marley |publisher=Udinese |language=it}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Juventus.com |title=Marley Aké joins Udinese on loan - Juventus |url=https://www.juventus.com/en/news/articles/marley-ake-joins-udinese-on-loan |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=Juventus.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2024, ya koma wani sabon aro zuwa Yverdon da ke Switzerland, tare da zaɓin siye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=MARLEY AKÉ, NOUVEL AILIER À YS ! |trans-title=MARLEY AKÉ, NEW WINGER AT YS! |url=https://www.yverdonsport.ch/marley-ake-nouvel-ailier-a-ys/ |access-date=18 January 2024 |publisher=Yverdon |language=fr }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Yverdon === A ranar 8 ga Agusta 2024, Yverdon ya fara zaɓin siyan sa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2024-08-08 |title=MARLEY AKÉ DE RETOUR, OFFICIELLEMENT TRANSFÉRÉ ! |url=https://www.yverdonsport.ch/marley-ake-de-retour-officiellement-transfere/ |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=Yverdon-Sport |language=fr-FR }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Zulte Waregem ==== Bayan faduwa daga gasar Swiss Super League, a ranar 2 ga Satumba 2025, Aké ya koma aro zuwa Zulte Waregem da ke Belgium, tare da zaɓin siye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2025 |title=Marley Aké nieuwste aanwinst voor Essevee |trans-title=Marley Aké newest addition to Essevee |url=https://www.essevee.be/nl/nieuws/welkom-ak%C3%A9 |access-date=21 December 2025 |publisher=SV Zulte Waregem |language=nl}}</ref> == Salon wasan == Aké [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] ne mai ƙafar dama wanda zai iya bugawa a ɓangarorin biyu amma ya fi son yin wasa a ɓangaren hagu. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Sport |first=Sky |title=Marley Aké, chi è il giocatore che ha debuttato con la Juventus in Coppa Italia |url=https://sport.sky.it/calcio/serie-a/2022/01/19/marley-ake-juventus-chi-e |access-date=2022-02-20 |website=sport.sky.it |language=it}}</ref> Aké yana da kyakkyawan dabara, gudu da kuma dribbling. <ref name=":1" /> Aké ya kuma buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gefe mai kai hari da kuma ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya mai tsaron baya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=JuventusNews24 |first=Redazione |date=2021-10-03 |title=Aké cambia ruolo: la scelta di Zauli per Mantova Juventus U23 |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/ake-ruolo-zauli-mantova-juventus-u23/ |access-date=2022-02-20 |website=Juventus News 24 |language=it-IT}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Aké a Faransa, kuma asalinsa ɗan ƙasar Ivory Coast ne. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=23 September 2019 |title=Marley Aké, la Pépite ivoirienne dans les pas de Drogba |trans-title=Marley Aké, the Ivorian Gem in the steps of Drogba |url=https://www.actualiteivoire.info/sport/marley-ake-la-pepite-ivoirienne-dans-les-pas-de-drogba/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929212325/https://www.actualiteivoire.info/sport/marley-ake-la-pepite-ivoirienne-dans-les-pas-de-drogba/ |archive-date=29 September 2019 |access-date=25 January 2021 |website=actualiteivoire.info |language=fr}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{Updated|match played 22 May 2025}}<ref name=SW>{{Soccerway|564643|access-date=29 January 2021}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coupe de France]] and [[Coppa Italia]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coupe de la Ligue]]}} ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Marseille II |2018–19 |Championnat National 2 |30 |7 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |30 |7 |- |2019–20 |Championnat National 2 |7 |7 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |7 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !37 !14 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !37 !14 |- | rowspan="3" |Marseille |2019–20 |[[Ligue 1]] |9 |0 |3 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |0 |- |2020–21 |Ligue 1 |9 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |4{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]|name=UCL}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |13 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !18 !0 !3 !0 !1 !0 !4 !0 !0 !0 !26 !0 |- | rowspan="4" |Juventus Next Gen{{Efn|name=Juventus U23 → Juventus Next Gen|group=lower-greek}} |2020–21 |Serie C |16 |2 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Serie C]] play-offs}} |0 |17 |2 |- |2021–22 |Serie C |26 |5 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Coppa Italia Serie C]]}} |0 |27 |5 |- |2022–23 |Serie C |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |3 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !45 !7 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !2 !0 !47 !7 |- |Juventus |2021–22 |Serie A |4 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |0 |0 |6 |0 |- |Dijon (loan) |2022–23 |Ligue 2 |14 |3 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |14 |3 |- |Dijon II (loan) |2022–23 |Championnat National 3 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |[[Udinese Calcio|Udinese]] (loan) |2023–24 |Serie A |1 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="2" |Yverdon-Sport |2023–24 |Swiss Super League |17 |2 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |17 |2 |- |2024–25 |Swiss Super League |34 |7 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |34 |7 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !170 !33 !7 !0 !1 !0 !4 !0 !2 !0 !182 !21 |}   == Daraja == '''Juventus''' * Supercoppa Italiana : 2021 == Bayanan kula == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.fff.fr/equipes-de-france/tous-les-joueurs/fiche-joueur/2544451583-marley-ake Bayanin Faransa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021134915/https://www.fff.fr/equipes-de-france/tous-les-joueurs/fiche-joueur/2544451583-marley-ake |date=2019-10-21 }} Archived a FFF * Marley Aké * {{Soccerway|marley-ake/564643}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] == Manazarta == 89129ilq67urxlydmghaxvur9d9uvu6 0 162603 892733 889846 2026-08-08T04:34:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nengi Omuku''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1987) ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Najeriya, mai zane-zane.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-01 |title=Nengi Omuku |url=https://www.shadesofnoir.org.uk/creatives/portfolio/nengi-omuku/ |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=Creatives Database |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife ta a ƙaramar hukumar [[Asaba (Najeriya)|Asaba]], [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]], Najeriya. Omuku ta yi karatun B.A. da MA a Fine art a Slade School of Fine Art, Kwalejin Jami'ar London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nengi Omuku – Biography |url=https://smocontemporaryart.com/artists/75-nengi-omuku/biography/ |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=SMO Contemporary Art |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka masu ban sha'awa == * ''Ba zan iya jin ƙafafuna ba'', Maris 2012, mai a kan zane, 220 x 160 cm.&nbsp; * ''Botticelli'', Afrilu 2012, mai a kan zane, 100 x 140 cm.&nbsp; * ''Corkscrew'' Oktoba 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NENGI OMUKU |url=https://contemporaryand.com/person/nengi-omuku/ |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=Contemporary And |language=de}}</ref> * ''Gidan da ke da ra'ayi,'' 2020, mai a kan sanyan 130 x 190 cm <ref>{{Cite web |last=Walton |first=Millie |date=2020-12-04 |title=Painting the Collective: An Interview with Nengi Omuku |url=https://www.trebuchet-magazine.com/nengi-omuku/ |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=Trebuchet |language=en-GB}}</ref>&nbsp; * ''Abin da ya ɓace'', 2020, mai a kan sanyan 208 x 243 cm <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nengi Omuku – Works |url=https://kristinhjellegjerde.com/artists/190-nengi-omuku/works/ |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=Kristin Hjellegjerde |language=en}}</ref>&nbsp; == Kyaututtuka == Ayyukan fasaha na Nengi Omuku sun sami tallafin karatu da kyaututtuka, gami da lambar yabo ta CHOGM ta Majalisar ƙasar Burtaniya da Sarauniya Elizabeth II ta gabatar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nengi Omuku – Overview |url=https://kristinhjellegjerde.com/artists/190-nengi-omuku/overview/ |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=Kristin Hjellegjerde |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nengi Omuku – September Gray |url=https://septembergrayart.com/artists/nengi-omuku/ |access-date=2021-08-09 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809133204/https://septembergrayart.com/artists/nengi-omuku/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nengi Omuku |url=https://www.artskop.com/artist/nengi-omuku-101 |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=www.artskop.com |archive-date=2021-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809130159/https://www.artskop.com/artist/nengi-omuku-101 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2012 Kyautar Tunawa da Prankerd Jones Kyautar Jami'ar London * 2011 Nancy Balfour MA Scholarship Kyautar Jami'ar London * 2003 Winner- British Council CHOGM art competition Kyautar Sarauniya Elisabeth II == Nuni == === Nuni na kai tsaye === * Kristin Hjellegjerde Gallery, Berlin (2021) * Taron, Kristin Hjellegjerde Gallery, London (2020) * Matakai na Rushewa, Satumba Gray, Atlanta (2017) * Yanayin Zuciya, The Armory Show, New York (2016) * Yanayin Zuciya, Omenka Gallery, Legas (2015) * Don Bayyana Gamuwa, Bude Ƙofar, London (2011). === Nuni na rukuni === * La Galerie, Cibiyar Fasaha ta zamani, Noisy-le-Sec (2021) * Dukkanin Kwanaki da Dare, Kristin Hjellegjerde Gallery, London (2020) * Untitled Art San Francisco, tare da Kristin Hjellegjerde Gallery, San Francisco (2020) * 1-54 Fadar Fasaha ta Afirka ta zamani, London (2019), Gidan Asibiti, Griffin Gallery, London (2018) * A wurin aiki, Arthouse, Legas (2018); ARTX, Legas (2017) * Rikicin, 1:54, London (2017); Tarihin Taswira, Gaskiya na Gina, ART15, London (2015) * Shekaru 50 masu zuwa, Omenka Gallery, Legas (2014) * Jerwood Drawing Prize Exhibition, Jerwood Gallery, London (2012). * Deep Cuts Matakan Ƙarshe, Stephen Lawrence Gallery, London (2011) * Abinda ya rage ga Bukata, Cibiyar Bincike ta Slade, London (2011) * Makomar Fasaha ta zamani, Lloyd Gill Gallery, Bristol (2010) * Nunin rukuni, Swiss Cottage Gallery, London (2010) * Nunin rukuni, Camden Art Gallery, London (2009) === Kwamitin === * Arts Council Ingila don zana mural a cikin wani asibitin kula da hankali a asibitin Maudsley, London (2018) * Tarin Fasaha na HSBC, * Tarin Beth Rudin DeWoody * Tarin Fasaha na Dawn == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Delta]] l7emdqjumpl4evq35kgda812lr55571 0 162652 892770 890926 2026-08-08T06:48:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nuno Miguel Valente Santos''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Maris 1999) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na ƙasar Portugal wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Mamelodi Sundowns ta Afirka ta Kudu . == Aikin kulob == === Benfica === An haife shi a [[Porto]], Santos ɗan wasan matasa ne a manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu na birninsa, Boavista FC da FC Porto, kafin ya koma SL Benfica a 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Resendes |first=Manuel |date=18 August 2020 |title=Mercado: Boavista garante médio ofensivo Nuno Santos ao Benfica |trans-title=Transfer market: Boavista confirm attacking midfielder Nuno Santos from Benfica |url=https://www.futebol365.pt/artigo/239596-mercado-boavista-garante-medio-ofensivo-nuno-santos-ao-benfica/ |access-date=6 December 2020 |publisher=Futebol 365 |language=pt}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta LigaPro a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2017 yayin da kakar wasa ta fara da rashin nasara a waje da UD Oliveirense 2-1, kuma ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 6 ga Janairu a ƙarshen rashin nasara da FC Porto B ta yi da ci 3-1. A shekarar 2018-19 ya zira kwallaye bakwai mafi kyau a rayuwarsa (ya ƙara biyar a wasanni bakwai a gasar matasa ta UEFA ), daga baya ya sabunta kwangilarsa har zuwa 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2019 |title=Benfica renova com Nuno Santos até 2024 |trans-title=Benfica renew with Nuno Santos until 2024 |url=https://www.tsf.pt/desporto/benfica-renova-com-nuno-santos-ate-2024-11202102.html |access-date=7 February 2022 |publisher=[[TSF (radio station)|TSF]] |language=pt}}</ref> A lokacin kyaftin na Benfica B, an ba Santos aron zuwa kulob din Primeira Liga Moreirense FC a ranar 29 ga Janairu 2020. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a manyan gasa bayan kwana hudu da fara wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Gil Vicente FC da ci 5-1 a waje. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2020 |title=Gil Vicente FC em "dia não" é goleado por Moreirense FC |trans-title=Gil Vicente FC on "off day" are thrashed by Moreirense FC |url=https://barcelosnahora.pt/gil-vicente-fc-em-dia-nao-e-goleado-por-moreirense-fc/ |access-date=6 December 2020 |publisher=Barcelos na Hora |language=pt}}</ref> Kwallonsa ta farko a matakin ta zo ne a ranar 11 ga watan Yuli domin ya lashe wasan a B-SAD . Santos ya ci gaba da ba da bashi a cikin yanayi biyu masu zuwa, zuwa Boavista <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2020 |title=Oficial: Benfica empresta Nuno Santos ao Boavista |trans-title=Official: Benfica loan Nuno Santos to Boavista |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1566700/oficial-benfica-empresta-nuno-santos-ao-boavista |access-date=6 December 2020 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> da FC Paços de Ferreira . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2021 |title=Nuno Santos vai defender o amarelo |trans-title=Nuno Santos will defend yellows |url=https://www.fcpf.pt/2021/07/11/nuno-santos-vai-defender-o-amarelo/ |access-date=22 September 2021 |publisher=F.C. Paços Ferreira |language=pt |archive-date=11 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711225613/https://www.fcpf.pt/2021/07/11/nuno-santos-vai-defender-o-amarelo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2021, yayin da yake yi wa ƙungiyar ta ƙarshe hidima, ya sanya ƙungiyarsa a gaba a wasan da suka yi da ƙungiyar iyayensa a zagaye na huɗu na Taça de Portugal, amma a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 4-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2021 |title=VÍDEO: Nuno Santos deu vantagem ao Paços na Luz e pediu desculpa |trans-title=VIDEO: Nuno Santos put Paços in front at the Luz and apologised |url=https://tvi24.iol.pt/taca-portugal/taca/video-nuno-santos-deu-vantagem-ao-pacos-na-luz-e-pediu-desculpa |access-date=7 February 2022 |publisher=[[CNN Portugal]] |language=pt}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marques |first=Pedro Miguel |date=19 November 2021 |title=Benfica 4–1 Paços de Ferreira: Águia apanha susto mas acaba a golear e segue em frente na Taça |trans-title=Benfica 4–1 Paços de Ferreira: Eagle got scare but end up thrashing and go through in Cup |url=https://desporto.sapo.pt/futebol/taca-de-portugal/artigos/benfica-4-1-pacos-de-ferreira-aguia-apanha-susto-mas-acaba-a-golear-e-segue-em-frente-na-taca |access-date=7 February 2022 |publisher=[[SAPO (company)|SAPO]] |language=pt}}</ref> === Charlotte FC === A ranar 5 ga Agusta 2022, Santos ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Charlotte FC . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2022 |title=Charlotte FC acquires Portuguese attacking midfielder Nuno Santos from SL Benfica |url=https://www.charlottefootballclub.com/news/charlotte-fc-acquires-portuguese-attacking-midfielder-nuno-santos-sl-benfica |access-date=5 August 2022 |publisher=Charlotte FC}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Major League Soccer a ranar 17 ga Satumba a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Chicago Fire FC da ci 3-2, <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2022 |title=Karol Swiderski helps Charlotte FC come back to beat Fire |url=https://sportsnaut.com/karol-swiderski-helps-charlotte-fc-come-back-to-beat-fire/ |access-date=4 August 2023 |publisher=Sportsnaut}}</ref> sannan kuma ya shafe lokaci tare da kungiyar Crown Legacy FC . <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2023 |title=Charlotte FC loans Nuno Santos to Crown Legacy FC |url=https://www.charlottefootballclub.com/clfc/news/charlotte-fc-loans-nuno-santos-to-crown-legacy-fc |access-date=4 August 2023 |publisher=Charlotte FC}}</ref> === Vitória Guimarães === Santos ya koma Portugal a watan Yulin 2023, inda ya koma ƙungiyar Vitória SC mai buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa kan kwantiragin shekaru huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2023 |title=Charlotte FC midfielder Nuno Santos joins Vitória S.C. |url=https://www.charlottefootballclub.com/news/charlotte-fc-midfielder-nuno-santos-joins-vitoria-s-c |access-date=19 July 2023 |publisher=Charlotte FC}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2023 |title=OFICIAL: Nuno Santos regressa a Portugal e assina pelo Vitória |trans-title=OFFICIAL: Nuno Santos returns to Portugal and signs for Vitória |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/vitoria-guimaraes/liga/oficial-nuno-santos-regressa-a-portugal-e-assina-pelo-vitoria |access-date=4 August 2023 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Oktoba 2024, bugunsa na farko da aka yi a minti na 43 daga kusa da bugun fenariti ya taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa ta samu damar yin kunnen doki 2-2 da CF Estrela da Amadora, kuma daga baya aka zaɓe shi a matsayin Goal of the Month na Satumba/Oktoba . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2024 |title=Remate de primeira de Nuno Santos eleito Golo do Mês da Liga Portugal Betclic |trans-title=Nuno Santos first-time shot voted Goal of the Month in Liga Portugal Betclic |url=https://www.ligaportugal.pt/pt/epocas/20242025/noticias/geral/premios/liga-portugal-betclic/setembrooutubro/remate-de-primeira-de-nuno-santos-eleito-golo-do-mes-da-liga-portugal-betclic/ |access-date=11 November 2024 |publisher=[[Liga Portuguesa de Futebol Profissional]] |language=pt}}</ref> A lokacin da yake aiki a Estádio D. Afonso Henriques, Santos ya buga wasanni 90, ya zura kwallaye takwas, sannan ya taimaka aka ci 14. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2025 |title=Nuno Santos deixa Vitória de Guimarães e reforça Mamelodi Sundowns |trans-title=Nuno Santos leaves Vitória de Guimarães and bolsters Mamelodi Sundowns |url=https://sapo.pt/artigo/nuno-santos-deixa-vitoria-de-guimaraes-e-reforca-mamelodi-sundowns-68d1a978b6cbcc619b78df4a |access-date=23 September 2025 |publisher=SAPO |language=pt}}</ref> === Mamelodi Sundowns === A ranar 23 ga Satumba, 2025, Santos ya koma Mamelodi Sundowns FC na gasar Premier ta Afirka ta Kudu . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gleeson |first=Nic |date=23 September 2025 |title=Sundowns sign former Portuguese youth international |url=https://africanfootball.com/news/830864/Sundowns-sign-former-Portuguese-youth-international |access-date=24 September 2025 |publisher=African Football}}</ref> A gasar zakarun CAF ta wannan kakar, wadda suka lashe, <ref name="CAF">{{Cite web |date=29 May 2026 |title=African champions parade TotalEnergies CAF Champions League trophy to thousands of fans in Pretoria |url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-champions-league/news/african-champions-parade-totalenergies-caf-champions-league-trophy-to-thousands-of-fans-in-pretoria/ |access-date=31 May 2026 |publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]}}</ref> ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan rukuni da suka doke FC Saint-Éloi Lupopo da ci 3-1 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ngwenya |first=Mzwakhe |date=22 November 2025 |title=Mamelodi Sundowns cruises past ST Eloi Lupopo with a 3–1 win at home. Nuno Santos bagged a brace in this Caf Champions League match |url=https://dailysports.net/news/mamelodi-sundowns-cruises-past-st-eloi-lupopo-with-a-3-1-win-at-home-nuno-santos-bagged-a-brace-in-this-caf-champions-league-match/ |access-date=19 May 2026 |publisher=Daily Sports}}</ref> sannan ya taimaka wajen taimakawa sau biyu a wasan da suka doke Stade Malien da ci 3-0 a wasan kusa da na karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sang |first=Kiplagat |date=13 March 2026 |title=Mamelodi Sundowns 3–0 Stade Malien: 'Shoe shine and piano is back; hand Miguel Cardoso a new five-year contract! The only difference between Kaizer Chiefs and the Malian team is location, did Masandawana buy Kevin De Bruyne in Nuno Santos?' |url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/lists/mamelodi-sundowns-3-0-stade-malien-shoe-shine-and-piano-is-back-hand-miguel-cardoso-a-new-five-year-contract-the-only-difference-between-kaizer-chiefs-and-the-malian-team-is-location-did-masandawana-buy-kevin-de-bruyne-in-nuno-santos/bltc39c6e3433c4dcb7 |access-date=19 May 2026 |publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Santos yana cikin ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Hélio Sousa ta Portugal wadda ta lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA ta 2018 a Finland. Ya buga wasanni uku a madadin 'yan wasa a gasar, ciki har da ɗaya a ƙarin lokaci na wasan ƙarshe. <ref name="MF">{{Cite web |last=Esteves |first=Adérito |date=30 July 2018 |title=Conheça os 20 (mais um) campeões europeus de sub-19 |trans-title=Meet the 20 (plus one) under-19 European champions |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/internacional/europeu-sub-19/conheca-os-20-mais-um-campeoes-europeus-de-sub-19 |access-date=6 December 2020 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Satumba, 2019, Santos ya fara buga wa ' yan ƙasa da shekara 21 wasa, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Gibraltar da ci 4-0 a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA ta 2021. == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 17 May 2026}}<ref>{{Soccerway|new_id=santos-nuno/AJtflCoH}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Taça de Portugal]], [[U.S. Open Cup]] and [[Nedbank Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[Taça da Liga]] and [[Carling Knockout Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="4" |Benfica B |2017–18 |LigaPro |14 |3 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |14 |3 |- |2018–19 |LigaPro |30 |7 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |30 |7 |- |2019–20 |LigaPro |16 |3 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |16 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !60 !13 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !60 !13 |- |Moreirense (loan) |2019–20 |Primeira Liga |14 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |14 |1 |- |Boavista (loan) |2020–21 |Primeira Liga |29 |1 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |30 |1 |- |Paços Ferreira (loan) |2021–22 |Primeira Liga |31 |5 |1 |0 |2 |0 |4{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa Conference League]]}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |38 |5 |- | rowspan="3" |Charlotte FC |2022 |Major League Soccer |4 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |1 |- |2023 |Major League Soccer |5 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |0 |0 |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !9 !1 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !0 !0 !0 !0 !9 !1 |- |Crown Legacy |2023 |MLS Next Pro |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |1 |- | rowspan="4" |Vitória Guimarães |2023–24 |Primeira Liga |27 |2 |6 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |34 |2 |- |2024–25 |Primeira Liga |33 |3 |3 |0 |1 |1 |14[c] |2 | colspan="2" |— |51 |6 |- |2025–26 |Primeira Liga |5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !65 !5 !9 !0 !2 !1 !14 !2 ! colspan="2" |— !90 !8 |- |Mamelodi Sundowns |2025–26 |South African Premiership |18 |2 |1 |0 |1 |0 |9{{Efn|Appearances in [[CAF Champions League]]}} |3 |0 |0 |29 |5 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !227 !29 !12 !0 !5 !1 !27 !5 !0 !0 !271 !35 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Benfica''' * Campeonato Nacional de Juniores : 2017-18 * Gasar Matasa ta UEFA da ta zo ta biyu: 2016–17 <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2017 |title=Benfica cai perante reviravolta do Salzburgo |trans-title=Benfica fall as Salzburg come from behind |url=https://pt.uefa.com/uefayouthleague/news/0253-0d0476fdfb96-54a96b7b83eb-1000/ |access-date=7 February 2022 |publisher=UEFA |language=pt}}</ref> '''Mamelodi Sundowns''' * Gasar Zakarun Turai ta CAF : 2025–26 <ref name="CAF"/> '''Portugal''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA : 2018 <ref name="MF"/> == Manazarta == * Nuno Santos at ForaDeJogo (archived) * Nuno Santos national team profile at the Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese) [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == hvzw5plkg9ybfa892tcu09g5rv0sofb 0 162887 892689 892588 2026-08-07T21:44:30Z Baby juuu 38856 892689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad Ridhuan bin Muhammad''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Mayu 1984) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Singapore wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan baya na dama]] a ƙungiyar Tanjong Pagar United ta Singapore . '''Ridhuan''', wanda galibi ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama ne]], ya kuma buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai tsaron baya]] da kuma ɗan wasan tsakiya, sannan kuma wani lokacin yana buga wasan gefe ko kuma ɗan gaba idan aka kira shi. == Aikin kulob == Ridhuan ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Makarantar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Milo. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Ridhuan yana cikin waɗanda suka fara shiga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa wadda aka kafa a shekarar 2000. <ref name=":2" /> === Matasan Zakuna === Ridhuan ya fara aikinsa ne da kulab ɗin S.League, Young Lions . Da farko ya jawo hankalin ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 saboda saurinsa da kuma ƙwarewarsa ta yin ƙwallo, sai ya shiga ƙungiyar Young Lions a kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2003 . === Rovers na Tampines === A shekara ta 2007, babban kocin Tampines Rovers Vorawan Chitavanich ya bai wa Ridhuan damar buga wasa a Tampines Rovers, wanda ya amince da shi. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Arema Malang === A shekara ta 2009, Ridhuan yana cikin tattaunawa da ƙungiyar Persib Bandung ta Indonesiya lokacin da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasa, Noh Alam Shah, ya gayyace shi ya shiga Arema Malang . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Daga ƙarshe Ridhuan ya sanya hannu da Arema kuma ya shafe kakar wasa uku da rabi tare da Arema kuma ya taimaka wa Arema ta lashe gasar Super League ta Indonesia ta 2009-10 . <ref name=":2" /> ==== Putra Samrinda (aron) ==== A shekarar 2013, Ridhuan ya kuma yi rabin kakar wasa a matsayin aro a Putra Samarinda . Ya shahara sosai a lokacin da yake Indonesia kuma ana yawan kiransa da R6, wanda aka yi wa lakabi da CR7 na Cristiano Ronaldo. Duk da haka saboda yiwuwar dakatar da [[FIFA]] kan ayyukan ƙwallon ƙafa a Indonesia, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Indonesia hit by FIFA ban |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/05/31/indonesia-hit-fifa-ban.html |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=The Jakarta Post |language=en}}</ref> Ridhuan ya bar ƙungiyar ya koma Singapore. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Geylang International === Da yake hukumar FIFA na shirin dakatar da duk wani wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Indonesiya, Ridhuan ya koma Singapore tare da Geylang International bayan shekaru 4 da ya yi yana wasa. === Rovers na Tampines === Bayan sakinsa daga Tampines Rovers a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2015, Ridhuan ya sanar da yin ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa don ƙirƙirar sabuwar sana'a a masana'antar mai da iskar gas bayan gazawarsa wajen samun kwangila. === Jarumai === Duk da haka, Warriors ta ɗauki ɗan wasan gefe mai sauri kafin fara kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2016 kuma ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun DPMM . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Warriors' Ismail Yunos targets first win against Young Lions in S.League |url=http://www.espnfc.com/blog/football-asia/153/post/2810676/warriors-ismail-yunos-targets-first-sleague-victory |publisher=[[ESPNFC]]}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Geylang International don ceto maki daya ga Warriors bayan ya shigo a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Geylang draw again after late Warriors comeback |url=http://www.fourfourtwo.com/sg/news/geylang-draw-again-after-late-warriors-comeback#:IR98HhAIdGNGqQ |publisher=[[FourFourTwo]]}}</ref> Ya mayar da martani ga imanin da Warriors suka nuna masa ta hanyar tara jimillar kwallaye hudu da kuma taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye shida a dukkan gasannin. An ba shi lada ta tsawaita kwantiraginsa a kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2017. === Borneo Samarinda === Ridhuan ya yi shirin kawo ƙarshen aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa a Indonesia kuma ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar wata ɗaya da Borneo Samarinda a farkon 2018 don shiga gasar. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan kwangilarsa ta ƙare, Warriors ta tuntuɓi Ridhuan don ya sake ɗaukarsa a ƙungiyar amma ya ƙi amincewa da ita. <ref name=":2" /> A ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021, Tanjong Pagar United ta sanar da cewa ta dauki Ridhuan don kakar wasa ta 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Auto |first=Hermes |date=2021-01-14 |title=Football: Old heads for new-look Jaguars {{!}} The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/football/football-old-heads-for-new-look-jaguars |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.straitstimes.com |language=en}}</ref> Wannan ya nuna cewa ya dawo daga ritaya daga kwallon kafa tun daga shekarar 2018. A ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2021, Ridhuan ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa bayan kakar wasa da Jaguars, inda ya buga wasanni huɗu a ƙungiyar. == Aikin gudanarwa == === Ƙungiyar Matasan Tanjong Pagar === A ranar 28 ga Disamba 2021, Tanjong Pagar United ta sanar da cewa Ridhuan zai kasance cikin tawagar masu horarwa. Zai horar da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 15 ta ƙungiyar. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Duk da cewa Ridhuan bai buga wasa mai yawa a gasar ba, kocin Singapore Radojko Avramović ya ga wani abu a cikin matashin mai hazaka kuma ya ba shi damar fara wasa a ƙasashen waje da Qatar a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2003. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya Shahril Ishak, mai tsaron baya Baihakki Khaizan da mai tsaron gida Hassan Sunny, yana cikin ƙungiyar 'NFA Gang of Four', ƙungiyar 'yan wasa huɗu da suka yi wasa tare tun suna ƙanana kuma suka sami lambar yabo ta manyan 'yan wasa a duniya a shekarar 2003. He was also part of the national side that won the 2004 AFF Championship albeit only featuring in the opening game.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Three years later in the 2007 AFF Championship, he played a major role in the team's success in retaining the championship. Tun daga watan Disamba na 2017, Ridhuan ya yi wasanni 68 a Singapore. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ridhuan ya yi karatun firamare da sakandare a Hong Kah. Baya ga buga ƙwallon ƙafa, yana da wani aski da ake yi a gida mai suna 1E_Xpress. Daga cikin abokan cinikinsa akwai tsoffin abokan wasansa na zaki Baihakki Khaizan, Khairul Amri, Noh Alam Shah da Shahril Ishak . == Kididdigar aikin ƙungiyar ƙasa == === Manufofin Babbar Ƙungiyar Ƙasa === : ''Sakamakon da sakamakon ya nuna adadin kwallayen da Najeriya ta ci a raga.'' <ref name="NFT">{{Cite web |title=Muhammad, Ridhuan |url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/5977/Ridhuan_Muhamad.html |access-date=5 May 2017 |publisher=National Football Teams}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !# ! Kwanan wata ! Wuri ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako ! Gasar |- | 1 | 15 Janairu 2007 | National Stadium, Kalang, [[Singafora|Singapore]] |{{Fb|LAO}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 0 | 11–0 | Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta 2007 |- | 2 | 27 Janairu 2007 | National Stadium, Kalang, Singapore |{{Fb|MAS}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 1 | align="center" | 1–1 (5–4 p ) | Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta 2007 |- | 3 | 24 Yuni 2007 | National Stadium, Kalang, Singapore |{{Fb|PRK}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 0 | align="center" | 2–1 | Aboki |} == Daraja == === Kulob === ; Arema Malang * Gasar Super League ta Indonesia : 2009–10 <ref>{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Arema is The Winner of 2009–2010 ISL |url=http://www.liga-indonesia.co.id/bli/index.php?go=news.detail&idnews=1423 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529155925/http://www.liga-indonesia.co.id/bli/index.php?go=news.detail&idnews=1423 |archive-date=29 May 2010 |access-date=31 May 2010 |publisher=LigaIndonesia.com |language=id}}</ref> * Piala Indonesia ta zo ta biyu: 2010 ; Jarumai * Kofin FA na Singapore : 2017 === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === ; Singapore * Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta AFF : 2004, 2007 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Ridhuan Muhammad at National-Football-Teams.com * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090503042535/http://www.fas.org.sg/default.asp?V_DOC_ID=1291 Fas.org] * {{Soccerway|ridhuan-muhamad/24481}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} s8vphi9rdqeljt2d3sps38jrgl6osnh 892690 892689 2026-08-07T21:45:02Z Baby juuu 38856 892690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad Ridhuan bin Muhammad''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Mayu a 1984) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Singapore wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan baya na dama]] a ƙungiyar Tanjong Pagar United ta Singapore . '''Ridhuan''', wanda galibi ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama ne]], ya kuma buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai tsaron baya]] da kuma ɗan wasan tsakiya, sannan kuma wani lokacin yana buga wasan gefe ko kuma ɗan gaba idan aka kira shi. == Aikin kulob == Ridhuan ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Makarantar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Milo. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Ridhuan yana cikin waɗanda suka fara shiga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa wadda aka kafa a shekarar 2000. <ref name=":2" /> === Matasan Zakuna === Ridhuan ya fara aikinsa ne da kulab ɗin S.League, Young Lions . Da farko ya jawo hankalin ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 saboda saurinsa da kuma ƙwarewarsa ta yin ƙwallo, sai ya shiga ƙungiyar Young Lions a kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2003 . === Rovers na Tampines === A shekara ta 2007, babban kocin Tampines Rovers Vorawan Chitavanich ya bai wa Ridhuan damar buga wasa a Tampines Rovers, wanda ya amince da shi. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Arema Malang === A shekara ta 2009, Ridhuan yana cikin tattaunawa da ƙungiyar Persib Bandung ta Indonesiya lokacin da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasa, Noh Alam Shah, ya gayyace shi ya shiga Arema Malang . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Daga ƙarshe Ridhuan ya sanya hannu da Arema kuma ya shafe kakar wasa uku da rabi tare da Arema kuma ya taimaka wa Arema ta lashe gasar Super League ta Indonesia ta 2009-10 . <ref name=":2" /> ==== Putra Samrinda (aron) ==== A shekarar 2013, Ridhuan ya kuma yi rabin kakar wasa a matsayin aro a Putra Samarinda . Ya shahara sosai a lokacin da yake Indonesia kuma ana yawan kiransa da R6, wanda aka yi wa lakabi da CR7 na Cristiano Ronaldo. Duk da haka saboda yiwuwar dakatar da [[FIFA]] kan ayyukan ƙwallon ƙafa a Indonesia, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Indonesia hit by FIFA ban |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/05/31/indonesia-hit-fifa-ban.html |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=The Jakarta Post |language=en}}</ref> Ridhuan ya bar ƙungiyar ya koma Singapore. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Geylang International === Da yake hukumar FIFA na shirin dakatar da duk wani wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Indonesiya, Ridhuan ya koma Singapore tare da Geylang International bayan shekaru 4 da ya yi yana wasa. === Rovers na Tampines === Bayan sakinsa daga Tampines Rovers a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2015, Ridhuan ya sanar da yin ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa don ƙirƙirar sabuwar sana'a a masana'antar mai da iskar gas bayan gazawarsa wajen samun kwangila. === Jarumai === Duk da haka, Warriors ta ɗauki ɗan wasan gefe mai sauri kafin fara kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2016 kuma ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun DPMM . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Warriors' Ismail Yunos targets first win against Young Lions in S.League |url=http://www.espnfc.com/blog/football-asia/153/post/2810676/warriors-ismail-yunos-targets-first-sleague-victory |publisher=[[ESPNFC]]}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Geylang International don ceto maki daya ga Warriors bayan ya shigo a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Geylang draw again after late Warriors comeback |url=http://www.fourfourtwo.com/sg/news/geylang-draw-again-after-late-warriors-comeback#:IR98HhAIdGNGqQ |publisher=[[FourFourTwo]]}}</ref> Ya mayar da martani ga imanin da Warriors suka nuna masa ta hanyar tara jimillar kwallaye hudu da kuma taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye shida a dukkan gasannin. An ba shi lada ta tsawaita kwantiraginsa a kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2017. === Borneo Samarinda === Ridhuan ya yi shirin kawo ƙarshen aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa a Indonesia kuma ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar wata ɗaya da Borneo Samarinda a farkon 2018 don shiga gasar. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan kwangilarsa ta ƙare, Warriors ta tuntuɓi Ridhuan don ya sake ɗaukarsa a ƙungiyar amma ya ƙi amincewa da ita. <ref name=":2" /> A ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021, Tanjong Pagar United ta sanar da cewa ta dauki Ridhuan don kakar wasa ta 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Auto |first=Hermes |date=2021-01-14 |title=Football: Old heads for new-look Jaguars {{!}} The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/football/football-old-heads-for-new-look-jaguars |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.straitstimes.com |language=en}}</ref> Wannan ya nuna cewa ya dawo daga ritaya daga kwallon kafa tun daga shekarar 2018. A ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2021, Ridhuan ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa bayan kakar wasa da Jaguars, inda ya buga wasanni huɗu a ƙungiyar. == Aikin gudanarwa == === Ƙungiyar Matasan Tanjong Pagar === A ranar 28 ga Disamba 2021, Tanjong Pagar United ta sanar da cewa Ridhuan zai kasance cikin tawagar masu horarwa. Zai horar da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 15 ta ƙungiyar. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Duk da cewa Ridhuan bai buga wasa mai yawa a gasar ba, kocin Singapore Radojko Avramović ya ga wani abu a cikin matashin mai hazaka kuma ya ba shi damar fara wasa a ƙasashen waje da Qatar a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2003. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya Shahril Ishak, mai tsaron baya Baihakki Khaizan da mai tsaron gida Hassan Sunny, yana cikin ƙungiyar 'NFA Gang of Four', ƙungiyar 'yan wasa huɗu da suka yi wasa tare tun suna ƙanana kuma suka sami lambar yabo ta manyan 'yan wasa a duniya a shekarar 2003. He was also part of the national side that won the 2004 AFF Championship albeit only featuring in the opening game.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Three years later in the 2007 AFF Championship, he played a major role in the team's success in retaining the championship. Tun daga watan Disamba na 2017, Ridhuan ya yi wasanni 68 a Singapore. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ridhuan ya yi karatun firamare da sakandare a Hong Kah. Baya ga buga ƙwallon ƙafa, yana da wani aski da ake yi a gida mai suna 1E_Xpress. Daga cikin abokan cinikinsa akwai tsoffin abokan wasansa na zaki Baihakki Khaizan, Khairul Amri, Noh Alam Shah da Shahril Ishak . == Kididdigar aikin ƙungiyar ƙasa == === Manufofin Babbar Ƙungiyar Ƙasa === : ''Sakamakon da sakamakon ya nuna adadin kwallayen da Najeriya ta ci a raga.'' <ref name="NFT">{{Cite web |title=Muhammad, Ridhuan |url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/5977/Ridhuan_Muhamad.html |access-date=5 May 2017 |publisher=National Football Teams}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !# ! Kwanan wata ! Wuri ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako ! Gasar |- | 1 | 15 Janairu 2007 | National Stadium, Kalang, [[Singafora|Singapore]] |{{Fb|LAO}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 0 | 11–0 | Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta 2007 |- | 2 | 27 Janairu 2007 | National Stadium, Kalang, Singapore |{{Fb|MAS}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 1 | align="center" | 1–1 (5–4 p ) | Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta 2007 |- | 3 | 24 Yuni 2007 | National Stadium, Kalang, Singapore |{{Fb|PRK}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 0 | align="center" | 2–1 | Aboki |} == Daraja == === Kulob === ; Arema Malang * Gasar Super League ta Indonesia : 2009–10 <ref>{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Arema is The Winner of 2009–2010 ISL |url=http://www.liga-indonesia.co.id/bli/index.php?go=news.detail&idnews=1423 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529155925/http://www.liga-indonesia.co.id/bli/index.php?go=news.detail&idnews=1423 |archive-date=29 May 2010 |access-date=31 May 2010 |publisher=LigaIndonesia.com |language=id}}</ref> * Piala Indonesia ta zo ta biyu: 2010 ; Jarumai * Kofin FA na Singapore : 2017 === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === ; Singapore * Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta AFF : 2004, 2007 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Ridhuan Muhammad at National-Football-Teams.com * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090503042535/http://www.fas.org.sg/default.asp?V_DOC_ID=1291 Fas.org] * {{Soccerway|ridhuan-muhamad/24481}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} d29rnayuiugf1xyyldfgvjw5mg6ggel 892691 892690 2026-08-07T21:45:24Z Baby juuu 38856 892691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad Ridhuan bin Muhammad''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Mayu a shekarar 1984) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Singapore wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan baya na dama]] a ƙungiyar Tanjong Pagar United ta Singapore . '''Ridhuan''', wanda galibi ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama ne]], ya kuma buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai tsaron baya]] da kuma ɗan wasan tsakiya, sannan kuma wani lokacin yana buga wasan gefe ko kuma ɗan gaba idan aka kira shi. == Aikin kulob == Ridhuan ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Makarantar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Milo. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Ridhuan yana cikin waɗanda suka fara shiga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa wadda aka kafa a shekarar 2000. <ref name=":2" /> === Matasan Zakuna === Ridhuan ya fara aikinsa ne da kulab ɗin S.League, Young Lions . Da farko ya jawo hankalin ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 saboda saurinsa da kuma ƙwarewarsa ta yin ƙwallo, sai ya shiga ƙungiyar Young Lions a kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2003 . === Rovers na Tampines === A shekara ta 2007, babban kocin Tampines Rovers Vorawan Chitavanich ya bai wa Ridhuan damar buga wasa a Tampines Rovers, wanda ya amince da shi. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Arema Malang === A shekara ta 2009, Ridhuan yana cikin tattaunawa da ƙungiyar Persib Bandung ta Indonesiya lokacin da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasa, Noh Alam Shah, ya gayyace shi ya shiga Arema Malang . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Daga ƙarshe Ridhuan ya sanya hannu da Arema kuma ya shafe kakar wasa uku da rabi tare da Arema kuma ya taimaka wa Arema ta lashe gasar Super League ta Indonesia ta 2009-10 . <ref name=":2" /> ==== Putra Samrinda (aron) ==== A shekarar 2013, Ridhuan ya kuma yi rabin kakar wasa a matsayin aro a Putra Samarinda . Ya shahara sosai a lokacin da yake Indonesia kuma ana yawan kiransa da R6, wanda aka yi wa lakabi da CR7 na Cristiano Ronaldo. Duk da haka saboda yiwuwar dakatar da [[FIFA]] kan ayyukan ƙwallon ƙafa a Indonesia, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Indonesia hit by FIFA ban |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/05/31/indonesia-hit-fifa-ban.html |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=The Jakarta Post |language=en}}</ref> Ridhuan ya bar ƙungiyar ya koma Singapore. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Geylang International === Da yake hukumar FIFA na shirin dakatar da duk wani wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Indonesiya, Ridhuan ya koma Singapore tare da Geylang International bayan shekaru 4 da ya yi yana wasa. === Rovers na Tampines === Bayan sakinsa daga Tampines Rovers a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2015, Ridhuan ya sanar da yin ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa don ƙirƙirar sabuwar sana'a a masana'antar mai da iskar gas bayan gazawarsa wajen samun kwangila. === Jarumai === Duk da haka, Warriors ta ɗauki ɗan wasan gefe mai sauri kafin fara kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2016 kuma ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun DPMM . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Warriors' Ismail Yunos targets first win against Young Lions in S.League |url=http://www.espnfc.com/blog/football-asia/153/post/2810676/warriors-ismail-yunos-targets-first-sleague-victory |publisher=[[ESPNFC]]}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Geylang International don ceto maki daya ga Warriors bayan ya shigo a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Geylang draw again after late Warriors comeback |url=http://www.fourfourtwo.com/sg/news/geylang-draw-again-after-late-warriors-comeback#:IR98HhAIdGNGqQ |publisher=[[FourFourTwo]]}}</ref> Ya mayar da martani ga imanin da Warriors suka nuna masa ta hanyar tara jimillar kwallaye hudu da kuma taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye shida a dukkan gasannin. An ba shi lada ta tsawaita kwantiraginsa a kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2017. === Borneo Samarinda === Ridhuan ya yi shirin kawo ƙarshen aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa a Indonesia kuma ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar wata ɗaya da Borneo Samarinda a farkon 2018 don shiga gasar. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan kwangilarsa ta ƙare, Warriors ta tuntuɓi Ridhuan don ya sake ɗaukarsa a ƙungiyar amma ya ƙi amincewa da ita. <ref name=":2" /> A ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021, Tanjong Pagar United ta sanar da cewa ta dauki Ridhuan don kakar wasa ta 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Auto |first=Hermes |date=2021-01-14 |title=Football: Old heads for new-look Jaguars {{!}} The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/football/football-old-heads-for-new-look-jaguars |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.straitstimes.com |language=en}}</ref> Wannan ya nuna cewa ya dawo daga ritaya daga kwallon kafa tun daga shekarar 2018. A ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2021, Ridhuan ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa bayan kakar wasa da Jaguars, inda ya buga wasanni huɗu a ƙungiyar. == Aikin gudanarwa == === Ƙungiyar Matasan Tanjong Pagar === A ranar 28 ga Disamba 2021, Tanjong Pagar United ta sanar da cewa Ridhuan zai kasance cikin tawagar masu horarwa. Zai horar da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 15 ta ƙungiyar. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Duk da cewa Ridhuan bai buga wasa mai yawa a gasar ba, kocin Singapore Radojko Avramović ya ga wani abu a cikin matashin mai hazaka kuma ya ba shi damar fara wasa a ƙasashen waje da Qatar a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2003. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya Shahril Ishak, mai tsaron baya Baihakki Khaizan da mai tsaron gida Hassan Sunny, yana cikin ƙungiyar 'NFA Gang of Four', ƙungiyar 'yan wasa huɗu da suka yi wasa tare tun suna ƙanana kuma suka sami lambar yabo ta manyan 'yan wasa a duniya a shekarar 2003. He was also part of the national side that won the 2004 AFF Championship albeit only featuring in the opening game.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Three years later in the 2007 AFF Championship, he played a major role in the team's success in retaining the championship. Tun daga watan Disamba na 2017, Ridhuan ya yi wasanni 68 a Singapore. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ridhuan ya yi karatun firamare da sakandare a Hong Kah. Baya ga buga ƙwallon ƙafa, yana da wani aski da ake yi a gida mai suna 1E_Xpress. Daga cikin abokan cinikinsa akwai tsoffin abokan wasansa na zaki Baihakki Khaizan, Khairul Amri, Noh Alam Shah da Shahril Ishak . == Kididdigar aikin ƙungiyar ƙasa == === Manufofin Babbar Ƙungiyar Ƙasa === : ''Sakamakon da sakamakon ya nuna adadin kwallayen da Najeriya ta ci a raga.'' <ref name="NFT">{{Cite web |title=Muhammad, Ridhuan |url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/5977/Ridhuan_Muhamad.html |access-date=5 May 2017 |publisher=National Football Teams}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !# ! Kwanan wata ! Wuri ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako ! Gasar |- | 1 | 15 Janairu 2007 | National Stadium, Kalang, [[Singafora|Singapore]] |{{Fb|LAO}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 0 | 11–0 | Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta 2007 |- | 2 | 27 Janairu 2007 | National Stadium, Kalang, Singapore |{{Fb|MAS}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 1 | align="center" | 1–1 (5–4 p ) | Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta 2007 |- | 3 | 24 Yuni 2007 | National Stadium, Kalang, Singapore |{{Fb|PRK}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 0 | align="center" | 2–1 | Aboki |} == Daraja == === Kulob === ; Arema Malang * Gasar Super League ta Indonesia : 2009–10 <ref>{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Arema is The Winner of 2009–2010 ISL |url=http://www.liga-indonesia.co.id/bli/index.php?go=news.detail&idnews=1423 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529155925/http://www.liga-indonesia.co.id/bli/index.php?go=news.detail&idnews=1423 |archive-date=29 May 2010 |access-date=31 May 2010 |publisher=LigaIndonesia.com |language=id}}</ref> * Piala Indonesia ta zo ta biyu: 2010 ; Jarumai * Kofin FA na Singapore : 2017 === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === ; Singapore * Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta AFF : 2004, 2007 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Ridhuan Muhammad at National-Football-Teams.com * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090503042535/http://www.fas.org.sg/default.asp?V_DOC_ID=1291 Fas.org] * {{Soccerway|ridhuan-muhamad/24481}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} lw19mqtgt7ydb0h3e4d3ix3q1fjk7y1 892692 892691 2026-08-07T21:46:10Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Matasan Zakuna */ 892692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad Ridhuan bin Muhammad''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Mayu a shekarar 1984) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Singapore wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan baya na dama]] a ƙungiyar Tanjong Pagar United ta Singapore . '''Ridhuan''', wanda galibi ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama ne]], ya kuma buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai tsaron baya]] da kuma ɗan wasan tsakiya, sannan kuma wani lokacin yana buga wasan gefe ko kuma ɗan gaba idan aka kira shi. == Aikin kulob == Ridhuan ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Makarantar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Milo. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Ridhuan yana cikin waɗanda suka fara shiga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa wadda aka kafa a shekarar 2000. <ref name=":2" /> === Matasan Zakuna === Ridhuan ya fara aikinsa ne da kulab ɗin S.League, Young Lions . Da farko ya jawo hankalin ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 saboda saurinsa da kuma ƙwarewarsa ta yin ƙwallo, sai ya shiga ƙungiyar Young Lions a kakar wasa ta S.League ta she 2003 . === Rovers na Tampines === A shekara ta 2007, babban kocin Tampines Rovers Vorawan Chitavanich ya bai wa Ridhuan damar buga wasa a Tampines Rovers, wanda ya amince da shi. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Arema Malang === A shekara ta 2009, Ridhuan yana cikin tattaunawa da ƙungiyar Persib Bandung ta Indonesiya lokacin da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasa, Noh Alam Shah, ya gayyace shi ya shiga Arema Malang . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Daga ƙarshe Ridhuan ya sanya hannu da Arema kuma ya shafe kakar wasa uku da rabi tare da Arema kuma ya taimaka wa Arema ta lashe gasar Super League ta Indonesia ta 2009-10 . <ref name=":2" /> ==== Putra Samrinda (aron) ==== A shekarar 2013, Ridhuan ya kuma yi rabin kakar wasa a matsayin aro a Putra Samarinda . Ya shahara sosai a lokacin da yake Indonesia kuma ana yawan kiransa da R6, wanda aka yi wa lakabi da CR7 na Cristiano Ronaldo. Duk da haka saboda yiwuwar dakatar da [[FIFA]] kan ayyukan ƙwallon ƙafa a Indonesia, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Indonesia hit by FIFA ban |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/05/31/indonesia-hit-fifa-ban.html |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=The Jakarta Post |language=en}}</ref> Ridhuan ya bar ƙungiyar ya koma Singapore. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Geylang International === Da yake hukumar FIFA na shirin dakatar da duk wani wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Indonesiya, Ridhuan ya koma Singapore tare da Geylang International bayan shekaru 4 da ya yi yana wasa. === Rovers na Tampines === Bayan sakinsa daga Tampines Rovers a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2015, Ridhuan ya sanar da yin ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa don ƙirƙirar sabuwar sana'a a masana'antar mai da iskar gas bayan gazawarsa wajen samun kwangila. === Jarumai === Duk da haka, Warriors ta ɗauki ɗan wasan gefe mai sauri kafin fara kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2016 kuma ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun DPMM . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Warriors' Ismail Yunos targets first win against Young Lions in S.League |url=http://www.espnfc.com/blog/football-asia/153/post/2810676/warriors-ismail-yunos-targets-first-sleague-victory |publisher=[[ESPNFC]]}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Geylang International don ceto maki daya ga Warriors bayan ya shigo a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Geylang draw again after late Warriors comeback |url=http://www.fourfourtwo.com/sg/news/geylang-draw-again-after-late-warriors-comeback#:IR98HhAIdGNGqQ |publisher=[[FourFourTwo]]}}</ref> Ya mayar da martani ga imanin da Warriors suka nuna masa ta hanyar tara jimillar kwallaye hudu da kuma taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye shida a dukkan gasannin. An ba shi lada ta tsawaita kwantiraginsa a kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2017. === Borneo Samarinda === Ridhuan ya yi shirin kawo ƙarshen aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa a Indonesia kuma ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar wata ɗaya da Borneo Samarinda a farkon 2018 don shiga gasar. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan kwangilarsa ta ƙare, Warriors ta tuntuɓi Ridhuan don ya sake ɗaukarsa a ƙungiyar amma ya ƙi amincewa da ita. <ref name=":2" /> A ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021, Tanjong Pagar United ta sanar da cewa ta dauki Ridhuan don kakar wasa ta 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Auto |first=Hermes |date=2021-01-14 |title=Football: Old heads for new-look Jaguars {{!}} The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/football/football-old-heads-for-new-look-jaguars |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.straitstimes.com |language=en}}</ref> Wannan ya nuna cewa ya dawo daga ritaya daga kwallon kafa tun daga shekarar 2018. A ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2021, Ridhuan ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa bayan kakar wasa da Jaguars, inda ya buga wasanni huɗu a ƙungiyar. == Aikin gudanarwa == === Ƙungiyar Matasan Tanjong Pagar === A ranar 28 ga Disamba 2021, Tanjong Pagar United ta sanar da cewa Ridhuan zai kasance cikin tawagar masu horarwa. Zai horar da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 15 ta ƙungiyar. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Duk da cewa Ridhuan bai buga wasa mai yawa a gasar ba, kocin Singapore Radojko Avramović ya ga wani abu a cikin matashin mai hazaka kuma ya ba shi damar fara wasa a ƙasashen waje da Qatar a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2003. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya Shahril Ishak, mai tsaron baya Baihakki Khaizan da mai tsaron gida Hassan Sunny, yana cikin ƙungiyar 'NFA Gang of Four', ƙungiyar 'yan wasa huɗu da suka yi wasa tare tun suna ƙanana kuma suka sami lambar yabo ta manyan 'yan wasa a duniya a shekarar 2003. He was also part of the national side that won the 2004 AFF Championship albeit only featuring in the opening game.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Three years later in the 2007 AFF Championship, he played a major role in the team's success in retaining the championship. Tun daga watan Disamba na 2017, Ridhuan ya yi wasanni 68 a Singapore. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ridhuan ya yi karatun firamare da sakandare a Hong Kah. Baya ga buga ƙwallon ƙafa, yana da wani aski da ake yi a gida mai suna 1E_Xpress. Daga cikin abokan cinikinsa akwai tsoffin abokan wasansa na zaki Baihakki Khaizan, Khairul Amri, Noh Alam Shah da Shahril Ishak . == Kididdigar aikin ƙungiyar ƙasa == === Manufofin Babbar Ƙungiyar Ƙasa === : ''Sakamakon da sakamakon ya nuna adadin kwallayen da Najeriya ta ci a raga.'' <ref name="NFT">{{Cite web |title=Muhammad, Ridhuan |url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/5977/Ridhuan_Muhamad.html |access-date=5 May 2017 |publisher=National Football Teams}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !# ! Kwanan wata ! Wuri ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako ! Gasar |- | 1 | 15 Janairu 2007 | National Stadium, Kalang, [[Singafora|Singapore]] |{{Fb|LAO}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 0 | 11–0 | Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta 2007 |- | 2 | 27 Janairu 2007 | National Stadium, Kalang, Singapore |{{Fb|MAS}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 1 | align="center" | 1–1 (5–4 p ) | Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta 2007 |- | 3 | 24 Yuni 2007 | National Stadium, Kalang, Singapore |{{Fb|PRK}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 0 | align="center" | 2–1 | Aboki |} == Daraja == === Kulob === ; Arema Malang * Gasar Super League ta Indonesia : 2009–10 <ref>{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Arema is The Winner of 2009–2010 ISL |url=http://www.liga-indonesia.co.id/bli/index.php?go=news.detail&idnews=1423 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529155925/http://www.liga-indonesia.co.id/bli/index.php?go=news.detail&idnews=1423 |archive-date=29 May 2010 |access-date=31 May 2010 |publisher=LigaIndonesia.com |language=id}}</ref> * Piala Indonesia ta zo ta biyu: 2010 ; Jarumai * Kofin FA na Singapore : 2017 === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === ; Singapore * Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta AFF : 2004, 2007 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Ridhuan Muhammad at National-Football-Teams.com * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090503042535/http://www.fas.org.sg/default.asp?V_DOC_ID=1291 Fas.org] * {{Soccerway|ridhuan-muhamad/24481}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} a83i498e294eg8dmblj1wy7p9bvs0nf 892693 892692 2026-08-07T21:46:37Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Matasan Zakuna */ 892693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad Ridhuan bin Muhammad''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Mayu a shekarar 1984) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Singapore wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan baya na dama]] a ƙungiyar Tanjong Pagar United ta Singapore . '''Ridhuan''', wanda galibi ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama ne]], ya kuma buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai tsaron baya]] da kuma ɗan wasan tsakiya, sannan kuma wani lokacin yana buga wasan gefe ko kuma ɗan gaba idan aka kira shi. == Aikin kulob == Ridhuan ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Makarantar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Milo. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Ridhuan yana cikin waɗanda suka fara shiga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa wadda aka kafa a shekarar 2000. <ref name=":2" /> === Matasan Zakuna === Ridhuan ya fara aikinsa ne da kulab ɗin S.League, Young Lions . Da farko ya jawo hankalin ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 saboda saurinsa da kuma ƙwarewarsa ta yin ƙwallo, sai ya shiga ƙungiyar Young Lions a kakar wasa ta S.League ta shekarar 2003 . === Rovers na Tampines === A shekara ta 2007, babban kocin Tampines Rovers Vorawan Chitavanich ya bai wa Ridhuan damar buga wasa a Tampines Rovers, wanda ya amince da shi. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Arema Malang === A shekara ta 2009, Ridhuan yana cikin tattaunawa da ƙungiyar Persib Bandung ta Indonesiya lokacin da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasa, Noh Alam Shah, ya gayyace shi ya shiga Arema Malang . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Daga ƙarshe Ridhuan ya sanya hannu da Arema kuma ya shafe kakar wasa uku da rabi tare da Arema kuma ya taimaka wa Arema ta lashe gasar Super League ta Indonesia ta 2009-10 . <ref name=":2" /> ==== Putra Samrinda (aron) ==== A shekarar 2013, Ridhuan ya kuma yi rabin kakar wasa a matsayin aro a Putra Samarinda . Ya shahara sosai a lokacin da yake Indonesia kuma ana yawan kiransa da R6, wanda aka yi wa lakabi da CR7 na Cristiano Ronaldo. Duk da haka saboda yiwuwar dakatar da [[FIFA]] kan ayyukan ƙwallon ƙafa a Indonesia, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Indonesia hit by FIFA ban |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/05/31/indonesia-hit-fifa-ban.html |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=The Jakarta Post |language=en}}</ref> Ridhuan ya bar ƙungiyar ya koma Singapore. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Geylang International === Da yake hukumar FIFA na shirin dakatar da duk wani wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Indonesiya, Ridhuan ya koma Singapore tare da Geylang International bayan shekaru 4 da ya yi yana wasa. === Rovers na Tampines === Bayan sakinsa daga Tampines Rovers a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2015, Ridhuan ya sanar da yin ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa don ƙirƙirar sabuwar sana'a a masana'antar mai da iskar gas bayan gazawarsa wajen samun kwangila. === Jarumai === Duk da haka, Warriors ta ɗauki ɗan wasan gefe mai sauri kafin fara kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2016 kuma ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun DPMM . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Warriors' Ismail Yunos targets first win against Young Lions in S.League |url=http://www.espnfc.com/blog/football-asia/153/post/2810676/warriors-ismail-yunos-targets-first-sleague-victory |publisher=[[ESPNFC]]}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Geylang International don ceto maki daya ga Warriors bayan ya shigo a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Geylang draw again after late Warriors comeback |url=http://www.fourfourtwo.com/sg/news/geylang-draw-again-after-late-warriors-comeback#:IR98HhAIdGNGqQ |publisher=[[FourFourTwo]]}}</ref> Ya mayar da martani ga imanin da Warriors suka nuna masa ta hanyar tara jimillar kwallaye hudu da kuma taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye shida a dukkan gasannin. An ba shi lada ta tsawaita kwantiraginsa a kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2017. === Borneo Samarinda === Ridhuan ya yi shirin kawo ƙarshen aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa a Indonesia kuma ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar wata ɗaya da Borneo Samarinda a farkon 2018 don shiga gasar. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan kwangilarsa ta ƙare, Warriors ta tuntuɓi Ridhuan don ya sake ɗaukarsa a ƙungiyar amma ya ƙi amincewa da ita. <ref name=":2" /> A ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021, Tanjong Pagar United ta sanar da cewa ta dauki Ridhuan don kakar wasa ta 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Auto |first=Hermes |date=2021-01-14 |title=Football: Old heads for new-look Jaguars {{!}} The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/football/football-old-heads-for-new-look-jaguars |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.straitstimes.com |language=en}}</ref> Wannan ya nuna cewa ya dawo daga ritaya daga kwallon kafa tun daga shekarar 2018. A ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2021, Ridhuan ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa bayan kakar wasa da Jaguars, inda ya buga wasanni huɗu a ƙungiyar. == Aikin gudanarwa == === Ƙungiyar Matasan Tanjong Pagar === A ranar 28 ga Disamba 2021, Tanjong Pagar United ta sanar da cewa Ridhuan zai kasance cikin tawagar masu horarwa. Zai horar da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 15 ta ƙungiyar. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Duk da cewa Ridhuan bai buga wasa mai yawa a gasar ba, kocin Singapore Radojko Avramović ya ga wani abu a cikin matashin mai hazaka kuma ya ba shi damar fara wasa a ƙasashen waje da Qatar a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2003. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya Shahril Ishak, mai tsaron baya Baihakki Khaizan da mai tsaron gida Hassan Sunny, yana cikin ƙungiyar 'NFA Gang of Four', ƙungiyar 'yan wasa huɗu da suka yi wasa tare tun suna ƙanana kuma suka sami lambar yabo ta manyan 'yan wasa a duniya a shekarar 2003. He was also part of the national side that won the 2004 AFF Championship albeit only featuring in the opening game.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Three years later in the 2007 AFF Championship, he played a major role in the team's success in retaining the championship. Tun daga watan Disamba na 2017, Ridhuan ya yi wasanni 68 a Singapore. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ridhuan ya yi karatun firamare da sakandare a Hong Kah. Baya ga buga ƙwallon ƙafa, yana da wani aski da ake yi a gida mai suna 1E_Xpress. Daga cikin abokan cinikinsa akwai tsoffin abokan wasansa na zaki Baihakki Khaizan, Khairul Amri, Noh Alam Shah da Shahril Ishak . == Kididdigar aikin ƙungiyar ƙasa == === Manufofin Babbar Ƙungiyar Ƙasa === : ''Sakamakon da sakamakon ya nuna adadin kwallayen da Najeriya ta ci a raga.'' <ref name="NFT">{{Cite web |title=Muhammad, Ridhuan |url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/5977/Ridhuan_Muhamad.html |access-date=5 May 2017 |publisher=National Football Teams}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !# ! Kwanan wata ! Wuri ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako ! Gasar |- | 1 | 15 Janairu 2007 | National Stadium, Kalang, [[Singafora|Singapore]] |{{Fb|LAO}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 0 | 11–0 | Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta 2007 |- | 2 | 27 Janairu 2007 | National Stadium, Kalang, Singapore |{{Fb|MAS}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 1 | align="center" | 1–1 (5–4 p ) | Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta 2007 |- | 3 | 24 Yuni 2007 | National Stadium, Kalang, Singapore |{{Fb|PRK}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 0 | align="center" | 2–1 | Aboki |} == Daraja == === Kulob === ; Arema Malang * Gasar Super League ta Indonesia : 2009–10 <ref>{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Arema is The Winner of 2009–2010 ISL |url=http://www.liga-indonesia.co.id/bli/index.php?go=news.detail&idnews=1423 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529155925/http://www.liga-indonesia.co.id/bli/index.php?go=news.detail&idnews=1423 |archive-date=29 May 2010 |access-date=31 May 2010 |publisher=LigaIndonesia.com |language=id}}</ref> * Piala Indonesia ta zo ta biyu: 2010 ; Jarumai * Kofin FA na Singapore : 2017 === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === ; Singapore * Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta AFF : 2004, 2007 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Ridhuan Muhammad at National-Football-Teams.com * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090503042535/http://www.fas.org.sg/default.asp?V_DOC_ID=1291 Fas.org] * {{Soccerway|ridhuan-muhamad/24481}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} nfko52ab16wsvmfe0d906yp39uc3obh 892696 892693 2026-08-07T21:52:27Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Borneo Samarinda */ 892696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad Ridhuan bin Muhammad''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Mayu a shekarar 1984) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Singapore wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan baya na dama]] a ƙungiyar Tanjong Pagar United ta Singapore . '''Ridhuan''', wanda galibi ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama ne]], ya kuma buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai tsaron baya]] da kuma ɗan wasan tsakiya, sannan kuma wani lokacin yana buga wasan gefe ko kuma ɗan gaba idan aka kira shi. == Aikin kulob == Ridhuan ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Makarantar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Milo. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Ridhuan yana cikin waɗanda suka fara shiga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa wadda aka kafa a shekarar 2000. <ref name=":2" /> === Matasan Zakuna === Ridhuan ya fara aikinsa ne da kulab ɗin S.League, Young Lions . Da farko ya jawo hankalin ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 saboda saurinsa da kuma ƙwarewarsa ta yin ƙwallo, sai ya shiga ƙungiyar Young Lions a kakar wasa ta S.League ta shekarar 2003 . === Rovers na Tampines === A shekara ta 2007, babban kocin Tampines Rovers Vorawan Chitavanich ya bai wa Ridhuan damar buga wasa a Tampines Rovers, wanda ya amince da shi. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Arema Malang === A shekara ta 2009, Ridhuan yana cikin tattaunawa da ƙungiyar Persib Bandung ta Indonesiya lokacin da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasa, Noh Alam Shah, ya gayyace shi ya shiga Arema Malang . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Daga ƙarshe Ridhuan ya sanya hannu da Arema kuma ya shafe kakar wasa uku da rabi tare da Arema kuma ya taimaka wa Arema ta lashe gasar Super League ta Indonesia ta 2009-10 . <ref name=":2" /> ==== Putra Samrinda (aron) ==== A shekarar 2013, Ridhuan ya kuma yi rabin kakar wasa a matsayin aro a Putra Samarinda . Ya shahara sosai a lokacin da yake Indonesia kuma ana yawan kiransa da R6, wanda aka yi wa lakabi da CR7 na Cristiano Ronaldo. Duk da haka saboda yiwuwar dakatar da [[FIFA]] kan ayyukan ƙwallon ƙafa a Indonesia, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Indonesia hit by FIFA ban |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/05/31/indonesia-hit-fifa-ban.html |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=The Jakarta Post |language=en}}</ref> Ridhuan ya bar ƙungiyar ya koma Singapore. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Geylang International === Da yake hukumar FIFA na shirin dakatar da duk wani wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Indonesiya, Ridhuan ya koma Singapore tare da Geylang International bayan shekaru 4 da ya yi yana wasa. === Rovers na Tampines === Bayan sakinsa daga Tampines Rovers a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2015, Ridhuan ya sanar da yin ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa don ƙirƙirar sabuwar sana'a a masana'antar mai da iskar gas bayan gazawarsa wajen samun kwangila. === Jarumai === Duk da haka, Warriors ta ɗauki ɗan wasan gefe mai sauri kafin fara kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2016 kuma ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun DPMM . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Warriors' Ismail Yunos targets first win against Young Lions in S.League |url=http://www.espnfc.com/blog/football-asia/153/post/2810676/warriors-ismail-yunos-targets-first-sleague-victory |publisher=[[ESPNFC]]}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Geylang International don ceto maki daya ga Warriors bayan ya shigo a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Geylang draw again after late Warriors comeback |url=http://www.fourfourtwo.com/sg/news/geylang-draw-again-after-late-warriors-comeback#:IR98HhAIdGNGqQ |publisher=[[FourFourTwo]]}}</ref> Ya mayar da martani ga imanin da Warriors suka nuna masa ta hanyar tara jimillar kwallaye hudu da kuma taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye shida a dukkan gasannin. An ba shi lada ta tsawaita kwantiraginsa a kakar wasa ta S.League ta 2017. === Borneo Samarinda === Ridhuan ya yi shirin kawo ƙarshen aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa a Indonesia kuma ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar wata ɗaya da Borneo Samarinda a farkon 2018 don shiga gasar. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan kwangilarsa ta ƙare, Warriors ta tuntuɓi Ridhuan don ya sake ɗaukarsa a ƙungiyar amma ya ƙi amincewa da ita. <ref name=":2" /> A ranar 13 ga watan Janairu 2021, Tanjong Pagar United ta sanar da cewa ta dauki Ridhuan don kakar wasa ta 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Auto |first=Hermes |date=2021-01-14 |title=Football: Old heads for new-look Jaguars {{!}} The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/football/football-old-heads-for-new-look-jaguars |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.straitstimes.com |language=en}}</ref> Wannan ya nuna cewa ya dawo daga ritaya daga kwallon kafa tun daga shekarar 2018. A ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2021, Ridhuan ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa bayan kakar wasa da Jaguars, inda ya buga wasanni huɗu a ƙungiyar. == Aikin gudanarwa == === Ƙungiyar Matasan Tanjong Pagar === A ranar 28 ga Disamba 2021, Tanjong Pagar United ta sanar da cewa Ridhuan zai kasance cikin tawagar masu horarwa. Zai horar da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 15 ta ƙungiyar. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Duk da cewa Ridhuan bai buga wasa mai yawa a gasar ba, kocin Singapore Radojko Avramović ya ga wani abu a cikin matashin mai hazaka kuma ya ba shi damar fara wasa a ƙasashen waje da Qatar a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2003. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya Shahril Ishak, mai tsaron baya Baihakki Khaizan da mai tsaron gida Hassan Sunny, yana cikin ƙungiyar 'NFA Gang of Four', ƙungiyar 'yan wasa huɗu da suka yi wasa tare tun suna ƙanana kuma suka sami lambar yabo ta manyan 'yan wasa a duniya a shekarar 2003. He was also part of the national side that won the 2004 AFF Championship albeit only featuring in the opening game.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=www.goal.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en-sg/news/the-arema-fans-always-connect-me-with-cristiano-ronaldo---the-remarkable-story-of--singapore-legend-ridhuan-muhammad/s0k30e3ojgg51ddp8u06vj9z3 "'The Arema fans always connect me with Cristiano Ronaldo' - The remarkable story of Singapore legend Ridhuan Muhammad (exclusive) | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Three years later in the 2007 AFF Championship, he played a major role in the team's success in retaining the championship. Tun daga watan Disamba na 2017, Ridhuan ya yi wasanni 68 a Singapore. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ridhuan ya yi karatun firamare da sakandare a Hong Kah. Baya ga buga ƙwallon ƙafa, yana da wani aski da ake yi a gida mai suna 1E_Xpress. Daga cikin abokan cinikinsa akwai tsoffin abokan wasansa na zaki Baihakki Khaizan, Khairul Amri, Noh Alam Shah da Shahril Ishak . == Kididdigar aikin ƙungiyar ƙasa == === Manufofin Babbar Ƙungiyar Ƙasa === : ''Sakamakon da sakamakon ya nuna adadin kwallayen da Najeriya ta ci a raga.'' <ref name="NFT">{{Cite web |title=Muhammad, Ridhuan |url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/5977/Ridhuan_Muhamad.html |access-date=5 May 2017 |publisher=National Football Teams}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !# ! Kwanan wata ! Wuri ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako ! Gasar |- | 1 | 15 Janairu 2007 | National Stadium, Kalang, [[Singafora|Singapore]] |{{Fb|LAO}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 0 | 11–0 | Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta 2007 |- | 2 | 27 Janairu 2007 | National Stadium, Kalang, Singapore |{{Fb|MAS}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 1 | align="center" | 1–1 (5–4 p ) | Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta 2007 |- | 3 | 24 Yuni 2007 | National Stadium, Kalang, Singapore |{{Fb|PRK}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 0 | align="center" | 2–1 | Aboki |} == Daraja == === Kulob === ; Arema Malang * Gasar Super League ta Indonesia : 2009–10 <ref>{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Arema is The Winner of 2009–2010 ISL |url=http://www.liga-indonesia.co.id/bli/index.php?go=news.detail&idnews=1423 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529155925/http://www.liga-indonesia.co.id/bli/index.php?go=news.detail&idnews=1423 |archive-date=29 May 2010 |access-date=31 May 2010 |publisher=LigaIndonesia.com |language=id}}</ref> * Piala Indonesia ta zo ta biyu: 2010 ; Jarumai * Kofin FA na Singapore : 2017 === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === ; Singapore * Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta AFF : 2004, 2007 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Ridhuan Muhammad at National-Football-Teams.com * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090503042535/http://www.fas.org.sg/default.asp?V_DOC_ID=1291 Fas.org] * {{Soccerway|ridhuan-muhamad/24481}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ibi88lir29fg54bkzh555ufzvmaz5jd 3 162889 892612 2026-08-07T15:02:30Z Adavyd 5693 Adavyd moved page [[Tattaunawar user:Incall]] to [[Tattaunawar user:Ch]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Incall|Incall]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Ch|Ch]]" 892612 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tattaunawar user:Ch]] kvzxrs4s5p6vqcrd42hkswepkgjkq9j 3 162890 892660 2026-08-07T21:23:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 892660 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tukur Umar! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tukur Umar|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) j7myajyz8i9e8ibsmv0ccr9rgmn1o1t 3 162891 892661 2026-08-07T21:23:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 892661 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Desk-7006! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Desk-7006|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) kdirabkev0pbfkxful51olzqf8rdqhu 3 162892 892662 2026-08-07T21:23:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 892662 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Bobomoney! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Bobomoney|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) qq9og8k6cofieux07sgwm1l0br4n8ke 3 162893 892663 2026-08-07T21:23:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 892663 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, LucaNővérem! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/LucaNővérem|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 61dft7iom4e7ythbggkfvdn3nb4zff0 3 162894 892664 2026-08-07T21:23:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 892664 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, SZLysms! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/SZLysms|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) q90smjp8flzrezueunfp1itux2a4ru1 3 162895 892665 2026-08-07T21:24:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 892665 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Seniorman.ng! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Seniorman.ng|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) sczo1hjsmpquf8klurho2jmm40tuy6m 3 162896 892666 2026-08-07T21:24:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 892666 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mesopotamiainc! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mesopotamiainc|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) e1vl1wtfdiqb2p35ynuc26saj4iadwi 3 162897 892667 2026-08-07T21:24:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 892667 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Farhood714! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Farhood714|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 1k3a6qo4818fwuhyveig2tpnta7f3mt 3 162898 892668 2026-08-07T21:24:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 892668 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, MarkHunt! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/MarkHunt|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) ii1munyfwp0pivcow7zyovn90ctdp0m 3 162899 892669 2026-08-07T21:24:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 892669 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ila.dic! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ila.dic|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 2sq2plqsgswfqlhokm0xfbmksvuqkr1 3 162900 892670 2026-08-07T21:24:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 892670 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, MADURAI V RAMAKRISHNAN! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/MADURAI V RAMAKRISHNAN|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) coq8mdtjm0e9vlmoxa0znyzzqoxijh7 3 162901 892671 2026-08-07T21:25:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 892671 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Wuxingqi! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Wuxingqi|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) a7ujqh1xasz90v5d8tjeily4zsuylsu 3 162902 892673 2026-08-07T21:25:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 892673 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, AlbertSamosa! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/AlbertSamosa|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 8bpyuf1ow33afrwf9ky9fwvyp2iewwq 3 162903 892674 2026-08-07T21:25:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 892674 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Haniff88! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Haniff88|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) jbtik5go28adv5ydh87rutap13j9fxe 3 162904 892676 2026-08-07T21:25:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 892676 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, EmiBlu! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/EmiBlu|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 5fyird93uhi1vpftt10ri2f2xaya6jz 3 162905 892677 2026-08-07T21:25:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 892677 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Maharazu! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Maharazu|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 0m7q9xhmj4bz79aya5o9acw8bkqi721 3 162906 892678 2026-08-07T21:25:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 892678 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, ToothandSaw! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/ToothandSaw|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) jr7wwnyut1rmvtr0x4tsy8c4c81rakm 3 162907 892679 2026-08-07T21:26:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 892679 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ajsm712! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ajsm712|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 95fyxw72zc4hp0jkgdbc1cqg2tgi2i0 3 162908 892680 2026-08-07T21:26:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 892680 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Neoptolemos7! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Neoptolemos7|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) t1cjy873955k80tl71flre6r07dc1w5 0 162909 892958 2026-08-08T11:31:16Z Mustysummy 21281 sabuwar fassara 892958 wikitext text/x-wiki Aikin noma mai zurfi, wanda aka fi sani da aikin gona mai zurfi (kamar yadda ya saba da aikin gona), na al'ada, ko aikin gona na masana'antu, wani nau'in noma ne, duka shuke-shuke da Dabbobi, tare da matakan shigarwa da fitarwa mafi girma a kowane yanki na yankin noma. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar ƙananan raguwa, mafi yawan amfani da abubuwan shigarwa kamar babban birnin, ma'aikata, agrochemicals da ruwa, da kuma amfanin gona mafi girma a kowane aiki na ƙasa.[1] Yawancin aikin gona na kasuwanci yana da ƙarfi a hanya ɗaya ko fiye. Hanyoyin da suka dogara sosai da Hanyoyin masana'antu galibi ana kiransu aikin gona na masana'antu, wanda ke da fasahar da aka tsara don kara yawan amfanin gona. Hanyoyin sun haɗa da dasa amfanin gona da yawa a kowace shekara, rage yawan shekarun da ba su da kyau, inganta cultivars, aikin gona na inji, wanda aka sarrafa ta hanyar ƙarawa da ƙarin bayani dalla-dalla game da yanayin girma, gami da yanayi, ƙasa, ruwa, ciyawa, da kwari. Hanyoyin zamani galibi sun haɗa da ƙara amfani da abubuwan da ba na kwayoyin halitta ba, kamar taki, masu kula da ci gaban shuke-shuke, magungunan kashe kwari, da maganin rigakafi ga dabbobi. Gidajen gona masu yawa suna ko'ina a Kasashe masu tasowa kuma suna karuwa a duk duniya. Yawancin nama, kayan madara, ƙwai, 'ya'yan itatuwa, da kayan lambu da ke cikin manyan kantuna ana samar da su ne ta irin waɗannan gonaki. Wasu gonaki masu tsayi na iya amfani da hanyoyin da za su iya amfani da su, kodayake wannan yawanci yana buƙatar ƙarin shigar da ma'aikata ko ƙananan amfanin gona.[1] Ci gaba da haɓaka yawan aikin gona, musamman a kan ƙananan gidaje, hanya ce mai mahimmanci don rage yawan ƙasar da ake buƙata don noma da jinkirin da sake lalacewar muhalli wanda matakai kamar sare daji suka haifar.[2] Aikin noma dabbobi mai zurfi ya haɗa da dabbobi da yawa da aka haifa a kan karamin yanki na ƙasa, misali ta hanyar kiwo mai juyawa, [1] [2] ko kuma wani lokacin a matsayin Ayyukan ciyar da dabbobi. Wadannan hanyoyin suna kara yawan amfanin abinci da fiber a kowane yanki na ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da na Kiwon dabbobi mai yawa; ana kawo abinci mai mahimmanci ga dabbobi da ba a motsa su ba, ko, tare da kiwo mai juyawa, ana motsa dabbobi akai-akai zuwa sabon abinci.[1][2] ==Tarihi== Ci gaban noma a Burtaniya tsakanin karni na 16 da tsakiyar karni na 19 sun ga karuwar yawan amfanin gona da kuma samar da kayayyaki. Wannan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga karuwar yawan jama'a da ba a taɓa gani ba, ya 'yantar da kashi mai yawa na ma'aikata, kuma ta haka ya taimaka wajen ba da damar Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu. Masana tarihi sun ambaci kewaye, inji, juyawa na amfanin gona huɗu, da zaɓaɓɓen kiwo a matsayin mafi mahimmancin sababbin abubuwa.[1] Aikin noma na masana'antu ya tashi a cikin juyin juya halin masana'antu . A farkon karni na 19, dabarun noma, kayan aiki, kayan iri, da cultivars sun inganta sosai cewa amfanin gona a kowace ƙasa ya kasance sau da yawa kamar yadda aka gani a Zamanin Tsakiya.[1]   [page needed] 20dr6pn131tshhcrqlibi6enz62bt1v 892962 892958 2026-08-08T11:38:35Z Mustysummy 21281 saka manazarta 892962 wikitext text/x-wiki Aikin noma mai zurfi, wanda aka fi sani da aikin gona mai zurfi (kamar yadda ya saba da aikin gona), na al'ada, ko aikin gona na masana'antu, wani nau'in noma ne, duka shuke-shuke da Dabbobi, tare da matakan shigarwa da fitarwa mafi girma a kowane yanki na yankin noma. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar ƙananan raguwa, mafi yawan amfani da abubuwan shigarwa kamar babban birnin, ma'aikata, agrochemicals da ruwa, da kuma amfanin gona mafi girma a kowane aiki na ƙasa.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/intensive-agriculture</ref> Yawancin aikin gona na kasuwanci yana da ƙarfi a hanya ɗaya ko fiye. Hanyoyin da suka dogara sosai da Hanyoyin masana'antu galibi ana kiransu aikin gona na masana'antu, wanda ke da fasahar da aka tsara don kara yawan amfanin gona. Hanyoyin sun haɗa da dasa amfanin gona da yawa a kowace shekara, rage yawan shekarun da ba su da kyau, inganta cultivars, aikin gona na inji, wanda aka sarrafa ta hanyar ƙarawa da ƙarin bayani dalla-dalla game da yanayin girma, gami da yanayi, ƙasa, ruwa, ciyawa, da kwari. Hanyoyin zamani galibi sun haɗa da ƙara amfani da abubuwan da ba na kwayoyin halitta ba, kamar taki, masu kula da ci gaban shuke-shuke, magungunan kashe kwari, da maganin rigakafi ga dabbobi. Gidajen gona masu yawa suna ko'ina a Kasashe masu tasowa kuma suna karuwa a duk duniya. Yawancin nama, kayan madara, ƙwai, 'ya'yan itatuwa, da kayan lambu da ke cikin manyan kantuna ana samar da su ne ta irin waɗannan gonaki. Wasu gonaki masu tsayi na iya amfani da hanyoyin da za su iya amfani da su, kodayake wannan yawanci yana buƙatar ƙarin shigar da ma'aikata ko ƙananan amfanin gona.<ref>https://download.e-bookshelf.de/download/0000/0727/41/L-G-0000072741-0002355301.pdf</ref> Ci gaba da haɓaka yawan aikin gona, musamman a kan ƙananan gidaje, hanya ce mai mahimmanci don rage yawan ƙasar da ake buƙata don noma da jinkirin da sake lalacewar muhalli wanda matakai kamar sare daji suka haifar.<ref>https://www.drawdown.org/solutions/sustainable-intensification-for-smallholders</ref> Aikin noma dabbobi mai zurfi ya haɗa da dabbobi da yawa da aka haifa a kan karamin yanki na ƙasa, misali ta hanyar kiwo mai juyawa, <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190831193023/https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb1097378.pdf</ref> ko kuma wani lokacin a matsayin Ayyukan ciyar da dabbobi. Wadannan hanyoyin suna kara yawan amfanin abinci da fiber a kowane yanki na ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da na Kiwon dabbobi mai yawa; ana kawo abinci mai mahimmanci ga dabbobi da ba a motsa su ba, ko, tare da kiwo mai juyawa, ana motsa dabbobi akai-akai zuwa sabon abinci.<ref>https://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/crops/production/forages/getting-started-with-intensive-grazing.html</ref> ==Tarihi== Ci gaban noma a Burtaniya tsakanin karni na 16 da tsakiyar karni na 19 sun ga karuwar yawan amfanin gona da kuma samar da kayayyaki. Wannan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga karuwar yawan jama'a da ba a taɓa gani ba, ya 'yantar da kashi mai yawa na ma'aikata, kuma ta haka ya taimaka wajen ba da damar Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu. Masana tarihi sun ambaci kewaye, inji, juyawa na amfanin gona huɗu, da zaɓaɓɓen kiwo a matsayin mafi mahimmancin sababbin abubuwa.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/agricultural_revolution_01.shtml</ref> Aikin noma na masana'antu ya tashi a cikin juyin juya halin masana'antu . A farkon karni na 19, dabarun noma, kayan aiki, kayan iri, da cultivars sun inganta sosai cewa amfanin gona a kowace ƙasa ya kasance sau da yawa kamar yadda aka gani a Zamanin Tsakiya.page needed] egiuen158glxnt8o4ysnhz4pxju3oke 892964 892962 2026-08-08T11:40:31Z Mustysummy 21281 saka databox 892964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Aikin noma mai zurfi, wanda aka fi sani da aikin gona mai zurfi (kamar yadda ya saba da aikin gona), na al'ada, ko aikin gona na masana'antu, wani nau'in noma ne, duka shuke-shuke da Dabbobi, tare da matakan shigarwa da fitarwa mafi girma a kowane yanki na yankin noma. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar ƙananan raguwa, mafi yawan amfani da abubuwan shigarwa kamar babban birnin, ma'aikata, agrochemicals da ruwa, da kuma amfanin gona mafi girma a kowane aiki na ƙasa.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/intensive-agriculture</ref> Yawancin aikin gona na kasuwanci yana da ƙarfi a hanya ɗaya ko fiye. Hanyoyin da suka dogara sosai da Hanyoyin masana'antu galibi ana kiransu aikin gona na masana'antu, wanda ke da fasahar da aka tsara don kara yawan amfanin gona. Hanyoyin sun haɗa da dasa amfanin gona da yawa a kowace shekara, rage yawan shekarun da ba su da kyau, inganta cultivars, aikin gona na inji, wanda aka sarrafa ta hanyar ƙarawa da ƙarin bayani dalla-dalla game da yanayin girma, gami da yanayi, ƙasa, ruwa, ciyawa, da kwari. Hanyoyin zamani galibi sun haɗa da ƙara amfani da abubuwan da ba na kwayoyin halitta ba, kamar taki, masu kula da ci gaban shuke-shuke, magungunan kashe kwari, da maganin rigakafi ga dabbobi. Gidajen gona masu yawa suna ko'ina a Kasashe masu tasowa kuma suna karuwa a duk duniya. Yawancin nama, kayan madara, ƙwai, 'ya'yan itatuwa, da kayan lambu da ke cikin manyan kantuna ana samar da su ne ta irin waɗannan gonaki. Wasu gonaki masu tsayi na iya amfani da hanyoyin da za su iya amfani da su, kodayake wannan yawanci yana buƙatar ƙarin shigar da ma'aikata ko ƙananan amfanin gona.<ref>https://download.e-bookshelf.de/download/0000/0727/41/L-G-0000072741-0002355301.pdf</ref> Ci gaba da haɓaka yawan aikin gona, musamman a kan ƙananan gidaje, hanya ce mai mahimmanci don rage yawan ƙasar da ake buƙata don noma da jinkirin da sake lalacewar muhalli wanda matakai kamar sare daji suka haifar.<ref>https://www.drawdown.org/solutions/sustainable-intensification-for-smallholders</ref> Aikin noma dabbobi mai zurfi ya haɗa da dabbobi da yawa da aka haifa a kan karamin yanki na ƙasa, misali ta hanyar kiwo mai juyawa, <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190831193023/https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb1097378.pdf</ref> ko kuma wani lokacin a matsayin Ayyukan ciyar da dabbobi. Wadannan hanyoyin suna kara yawan amfanin abinci da fiber a kowane yanki na ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da na Kiwon dabbobi mai yawa; ana kawo abinci mai mahimmanci ga dabbobi da ba a motsa su ba, ko, tare da kiwo mai juyawa, ana motsa dabbobi akai-akai zuwa sabon abinci.<ref>https://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/crops/production/forages/getting-started-with-intensive-grazing.html</ref> ==Tarihi== Ci gaban noma a Burtaniya tsakanin karni na 16 da tsakiyar karni na 19 sun ga karuwar yawan amfanin gona da kuma samar da kayayyaki. Wannan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga karuwar yawan jama'a da ba a taɓa gani ba, ya 'yantar da kashi mai yawa na ma'aikata, kuma ta haka ya taimaka wajen ba da damar Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu. Masana tarihi sun ambaci kewaye, inji, juyawa na amfanin gona huɗu, da zaɓaɓɓen kiwo a matsayin mafi mahimmancin sababbin abubuwa.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/agricultural_revolution_01.shtml</ref> Aikin noma na masana'antu ya tashi a cikin juyin juya halin masana'antu . A farkon karni na 19, dabarun noma, kayan aiki, kayan iri, da cultivars sun inganta sosai cewa amfanin gona a kowace ƙasa ya kasance sau da yawa kamar yadda aka gani a Zamanin Tsakiya.page needed] ldid6hmiwf7g9sb6urd9jo3kkxuass9 892970 892964 2026-08-08T11:55:40Z Mustysummy 21281 892970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Aikin noma mai zurfi, wanda aka fi sani da aikin gona mai zurfi (kamar yadda ya saba da aikin gona), na al'ada, ko aikin gona na masana'antu, wani nau'in noma ne, duka shuke-shuke da Dabbobi, tare da matakan shigarwa da fitarwa mafi girma a kowane yanki na yankin noma. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar ƙananan raguwa, mafi yawan amfani da abubuwan shigarwa kamar babban birnin, ma'aikata, agrochemicals da ruwa, da kuma amfanin gona mafi girma a kowane aiki na ƙasa.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/intensive-agriculture</ref> Yawancin aikin gona na kasuwanci yana da ƙarfi a hanya ɗaya ko fiye. Hanyoyin da suka dogara sosai da Hanyoyin masana'antu galibi ana kiransu aikin gona na masana'antu, wanda ke da fasahar da aka tsara don kara yawan amfanin gona. Hanyoyin sun haɗa da dasa amfanin gona da yawa a kowace shekara, rage yawan shekarun da ba su da kyau, inganta cultivars, aikin gona na inji, wanda aka sarrafa ta hanyar ƙarawa da ƙarin bayani dalla-dalla game da yanayin girma, gami da yanayi, ƙasa, ruwa, ciyawa, da kwari. Hanyoyin zamani galibi sun haɗa da ƙara amfani da abubuwan da ba na kwayoyin halitta ba, kamar taki, masu kula da ci gaban shuke-shuke, magungunan kashe kwari, da maganin rigakafi ga dabbobi. Gidajen gona masu yawa suna ko'ina a Kasashe masu tasowa kuma suna karuwa a duk duniya. Yawancin nama, kayan madara, ƙwai, 'ya'yan itatuwa, da kayan lambu da ke cikin manyan kantuna ana samar da su ne ta irin waɗannan gonaki. Wasu gonaki masu tsayi na iya amfani da hanyoyin da za su iya amfani da su, kodayake wannan yawanci yana buƙatar ƙarin shigar da ma'aikata ko ƙananan amfanin gona.<ref>https://download.e-bookshelf.de/download/0000/0727/41/L-G-0000072741-0002355301.pdf</ref> Ci gaba da haɓaka yawan aikin gona, musamman a kan ƙananan gidaje, hanya ce mai mahimmanci don rage yawan ƙasar da ake buƙata don noma da jinkirin da sake lalacewar muhalli wanda matakai kamar sare daji suka haifar.<ref>https://www.drawdown.org/solutions/sustainable-intensification-for-smallholders</ref> Aikin noma dabbobi mai zurfi ya haɗa da dabbobi da yawa da aka haifa a kan karamin yanki na ƙasa, misali ta hanyar kiwo mai juyawa, <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190831193023/https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb1097378.pdf</ref> ko kuma wani lokacin a matsayin Ayyukan ciyar da dabbobi. Wadannan hanyoyin suna kara yawan amfanin abinci da fiber a kowane yanki na ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da na Kiwon dabbobi mai yawa; ana kawo abinci mai mahimmanci ga dabbobi da ba a motsa su ba, ko, tare da kiwo mai juyawa, ana motsa dabbobi akai-akai zuwa sabon abinci.<ref>https://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/crops/production/forages/getting-started-with-intensive-grazing.html</ref> ==Tarihi== Ci gaban noma a Burtaniya tsakanin karni na 16 da tsakiyar karni na 19 sun ga karuwar yawan amfanin gona da kuma samar da kayayyaki. Wannan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga karuwar yawan jama'a da ba a taɓa gani ba, ya 'yantar da kashi mai yawa na ma'aikata, kuma ta haka ya taimaka wajen ba da damar Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu. Masana tarihi sun ambaci kewaye, inji, juyawa na amfanin gona huɗu, da zaɓaɓɓen kiwo a matsayin mafi mahimmancin sababbin abubuwa.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/agricultural_revolution_01.shtml</ref> Aikin noma na masana'antu ya tashi a cikin juyin juya halin masana'antu . A farkon karni na 19, dabarun noma, kayan aiki, kayan iri, da cultivars sun inganta sosai cewa amfanin gona a kowace ƙasa ya kasance sau da yawa kamar yadda aka gani a Zamanin Tsakiya.page needed] ==Manzarta== 4bik599itofoe8s3irxbxcx8a81r9jm 0 162910 892967 2026-08-08T11:51:50Z Mustysummy 21281 sabuwar fassara 892967 wikitext text/x-wiki Arable land (daga kalmar Latin *arābilis*, wato abin da za a iya noma ko yin garma a kai) na nufin kowace irin ƙasa da za a iya yin garma a kanta kuma a yi amfani da ita wajen shuka amfanin gona. A wani ma’anar, musamman a ƙididdigar harkar noma, ana amfani da kalmar da ma’ana mafi takamaiman. Wani taƙaitaccen ma'anar da ke bayyana a cikin ƙamus na Eurostat kamar haka yana nufin ainihin amfani maimakon yiwuwar amfani: "ƙasa ta yi aiki (ƙoma ko noma) a kai a kai, gabaɗaya a ƙarƙashin tsarin juyawa na amfanin gona".[1] A Burtaniya, ƙasar noma ta al'ada an bambanta ta da ƙasar makiyaya kamar heaths, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don Kiwon tumaki amma ba a matsayin gonar gona ba. Yankin noma yana da rauni ga lalacewar ƙasa kuma wasu nau'ikan ƙasar da ba a noma ba za a iya wadatar da su don ƙirƙirar ƙasa mai amfani. Canjin yanayi da asarar halittu masu yawa suna haifar da matsin lamba a kan ƙasar noma.[1] hrdrv3kw34fvhwevnqzotz54ivjl2f8 892968 892967 2026-08-08T11:53:32Z Mustysummy 21281 saka manzarta 892968 wikitext text/x-wiki Arable land (daga kalmar Latin *arābilis*, wato abin da za a iya noma<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary</ref> ko yin garma a kai) na nufin kowace irin ƙasa da za a iya yin garma a kanta kuma a yi amfani da ita wajen shuka amfanin gona.<ref>http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.AGRI.ZS</ref> A wani ma’anar, musamman a ƙididdigar harkar noma, ana amfani da kalmar da ma’ana mafi takamaiman. Wani taƙaitaccen ma'anar da ke bayyana a cikin ƙamus na Eurostat kamar haka yana nufin ainihin amfani maimakon yiwuwar amfani: "ƙasa ta yi aiki (ƙoma ko noma) a kai a kai, gabaɗaya a ƙarƙashin tsarin juyawa na amfanin gona".<ref>http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.AGRI.ZS</ref> A Burtaniya, ƙasar noma ta al'ada an bambanta ta da ƙasar makiyaya kamar heaths, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don Kiwon tumaki amma ba a matsayin gonar gona ba. Yankin noma yana da rauni ga lalacewar ƙasa kuma wasu nau'ikan ƙasar da ba a noma ba za a iya wadatar da su don ƙirƙirar ƙasa mai amfani. Canjin yanayi da asarar halittu masu yawa suna haifar da matsin lamba a kan ƙasar noma.<ref>http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:Arable_land</ref> ==Manazarta== 4q0r0n8r4ogmigib3cjlhim77dfq69z 892969 892968 2026-08-08T11:54:46Z Mustysummy 21281 saka databox 892969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Arable land (daga kalmar Latin *arābilis*, wato abin da za a iya noma<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary</ref> ko yin garma a kai) na nufin kowace irin ƙasa da za a iya yin garma a kanta kuma a yi amfani da ita wajen shuka amfanin gona.<ref>http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.AGRI.ZS</ref> A wani ma’anar, musamman a ƙididdigar harkar noma, ana amfani da kalmar da ma’ana mafi takamaiman. Wani taƙaitaccen ma'anar da ke bayyana a cikin ƙamus na Eurostat kamar haka yana nufin ainihin amfani maimakon yiwuwar amfani: "ƙasa ta yi aiki (ƙoma ko noma) a kai a kai, gabaɗaya a ƙarƙashin tsarin juyawa na amfanin gona".<ref>http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.AGRI.ZS</ref> A Burtaniya, ƙasar noma ta al'ada an bambanta ta da ƙasar makiyaya kamar heaths, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don Kiwon tumaki amma ba a matsayin gonar gona ba. Yankin noma yana da rauni ga lalacewar ƙasa kuma wasu nau'ikan ƙasar da ba a noma ba za a iya wadatar da su don ƙirƙirar ƙasa mai amfani. Canjin yanayi da asarar halittu masu yawa suna haifar da matsin lamba a kan ƙasar noma.<ref>http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:Arable_land</ref> ==Manazarta== 16j0014uiqa6na0wvjfuy1w9rl8mq60