Japan

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  <page>
    <title>Japan</title>
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        <username>Sakura emad</username>
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      <comment>Restored revision 634385 by [[Special:Contributions/Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[en:w:User:BrandonXLF/Restorer|Restorer]])</comment>
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[[File:Flag_of_Japan.svg|thumb|right|250px|Tutar Japan.]]
[[File:Diet of Japan Kokkai 2009.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Majalisar Japan.]]
[[Fayil:Japan-Tokyo-tower-1024.jpg|thumb|Tokyo japan]]
[[Fayil:Kator kecamatan Japah, Kabupaten Blora,Jateng, Indonesia.jpg|thumb]]
'''Japan''' kasa ce, wadda kungiyar tsibirai ce, da ke a gabashin nahiyar [[Asiya]]. Japan tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba'in(377,972). Japan tana da yawan jama'a (126,672,000), bisa ga jimillar shekara ta (2017). Babban birnin Japan, [[Tokyo]] . Japan tana da tsibiri da yawa, fiye da (6,800); manyan tsibiran Japan, su ne [[Honshu]], [[Hokkaido]], [[Kyushu]] kuma da [[Shikoku]]. 

Japan ta samu 'yancin kanta a karni na bakwai bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa (A.S). 

Sarkin Japan [[Akihito]] ne daga shekarar alif (1989). Firaministan Japan [[Shinzo Abe]] ne daga shekarar  (2012); mataimakin firaminista [[Taro Aso]] ne daga shekara ta (2012). japan ta kasu kashe 

== Tarihi ==

== Mulki ==

== Arziki ==

== Wasanni ==

== Fannin tsaro ==

== Kimiya ==

== Al'adu ==

== Addinai ==

== Mutane ==

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Worm's-eye view of Tokyo Skytree with vertical symmetry impression, a sunny day, in Japan.jpg|Nakuran isar da bayanai a kasar Japan
File:Colorful neon street signs in Kabukichō, Shinjuku, Tokyo.jpg|Cikin garin Tokyo
File:Togetsu-kyō bridge at golden hour, Kyoto, Japan.jpg|Gada a cikin garin Kyoto
File:Water reflection of Kinkaku-ji Temple a sunny day, Kyoto, Japan.jpg|Gida a bakin ruwa
File:Founder's Hall gate of Higashi-Honganji Temple, with water reflection, Kyoto, Japan.jpg| Tsarin gini a kasar Japan 
File:Japan tea ceremony 1165.jpg|Bikin girmama shayi
File:Jigokudani hotspring in Nagano Japan 001.jpg|Birai a kasar Japan
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Asiya}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Japan}}
[[Category:Kasashen Asiya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dick Armstrong</title>
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'''Dick Richard Johnstone Armstrong''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1909 - ya mutu a shekara ta 1969) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Bristol City. Forward line strengthened&quot;. Sunday Dispatch Football Guide. London. 23 August 1936. p. xi – via Newspapers.com.&lt;/ref&gt; Ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan dama. Ya bayyana fiye da 130 a cikin shekaru kafin Yakin Duniya na Biyu.&lt;ref&gt;Joyce, Michael (2004). Football League Players' Records 1888 – 1939. Tony Brown. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 1-899468-67-6&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aiki ==
Dick Armstrong ya yi wasa a yankin Easington Colliery da Willington. Armstrong ya shiga ƙasar Nottingham Forest a watan Janairu na shekara ta 1930 a matsayin mai taimako ga Billy McKinlay da ya daɗe yana hidima a hannun dama. Armstrong ya yi nasara a matsayin ' yan Forest da suka kai ƙarshe a Central Combination a shekara ta 1934–35.&lt;ref&gt;Woods, David; Leigh Edwards (1997). Bristol City FC The First 100 years. Redcliffe Press. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 1-900178-26-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt; Bob Hewison ya ɗauki armstrong a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1935 zuwa birnin Bristol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Woods, David (1994). Bristol Babe The First 100 years of Bristol City FC. Yore Publications. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 1-874427-95-X&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;  Armstrong ya fara ƙarshensa a ɗari na dama a wasan farko na shekara ta 1935-36 a nasara 2–0 a Watford a ranar 31 ga Agusta, 1935.  Armstrong ya yi wasa a matsayin dama na ciki a shekara ta 1935-36 ya nuna 36 ya yi ƙwallo 11 har da ƙarfe 2 a 5-0 win v Swindon Town a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 1936. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Bob Caldwell ya yi ƙarshen tsawon ƙarshe daga Doncaster Rovers ya soma a cikin tsawon da ya biyo baya amma Armstrong ya koma wajen a watan Oktoba kuma ya nuna 21 ya yi ƙwallo 5. Armstrong ya yi wasa a hannun hagu a ƙarshen shekara ta 1937-38 kuma ya nuna 23 ba tare da  yin launin ba yayin da Bristol City ta gama ƙarshe a Jamus na Uku na Kudu. Armstrong shi ne ɗan hagu na kullum da ya yi ƙwallo 32 da ya yi ƙwallo biyu a shekara ta 1938-39.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;  Ya yi ƙwallo uku da ya yi ƙwallo guda a shekara ta 1939-40, a lokacin da aka daina ƙungiyar domin yaƙin, amma ya yi ƙwallo 9 a ƙwallon 14 a ƙungiyar da aka ɗauki matsayinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;  {{Stub}}

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category: Mutuwan 1969]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Armstrong, Dick}}
[[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]]

Dick Armstrong played locally for [[Easington Colliery A.F.C.|Easington Colliery]] and [[Willington A.F.C.|Willington]]. Armstrong joined [[Nottingham Forest]] in January 1930 as understudy to long serving right half [[Billy McKinlay]]. Armstrong starred as Forest reserves finished runners up in the Central Combination in 1934–35.&lt;ref name=&quot;WoodsEdwards&quot;/&gt; [[Bob Hewison]] signed Armstrong in May 1935 for [[Bristol City F.C.|Bristol City]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WoodsEdwards&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=David|last=Woods|author2=Leigh Edwards |title=Bristol City FC The First 100 years|publisher=Redcliffe Press |year=1997|isbn=1-900178-26-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Woods&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=David|last=Woods|title=Bristol Babe The First 100 years of Bristol City FC|publisher=Yore Publications |year=1994|isbn=1-874427-95-X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Armstrong made his debut at right half in the opening game of 1935–36 in a 2–0 win at Watford on 31 August 1935.&lt;ref name=&quot;Woods&quot;/&gt;  Armstrong played mainly in the inside right position in 1935–36 making 36 appearances scoring 11 goals including 2 goals in a 5–0 win v Swindon Town on 8 February 1936.&lt;ref name=&quot;Woods&quot;/&gt; [[Robert Caldwell (footballer)|Bob Caldwell]] a close season signing from [[Doncaster Rovers]] began as inside right in the following season but Armstrong returned to the side by October and made 21 appearances scoring 5 goals. Armstrong played at left half for the latter half of 1937–38 making 23 appearances without scoring as Bristol City finished runners up in Third Division South. Armstrong was the regular left half making 32 appearances scoring 2 goals in 1938–39.&lt;ref name=&quot;Woods&quot;/&gt; He made 3 appearances scoring 1 goal in 1939–40, the League season truncated due to the war, but scored 9 goals in 14 appearances in the replacement Regional League.&lt;ref name=&quot;Woods&quot;/&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nick Awford</title>
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'''Nick Awford''' (an haife a shekara ta 1995), shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila. 
{{Stub}} 

==Manazarta== 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Awford, Nick}}
[[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]]

The Wassila network was created in October 2000, near the end of the [[Algerian Civil War]], a context within which women's rights were under attack both practically and legally.&lt;ref name=&quot;NQF_reseauWassila&quot; /&gt; The network is named after a girl called Wassila who was adopted and abandoned and became a single mother.&lt;ref name=&quot;ElWatan_monde_de_brutes&quot; /&gt;

In 2011, the network included 28 citizens' associations and institutions.&lt;ref name=&quot;ElWatan_monde_de_brutes&quot; /&gt; Member groups in 2013 included [[SOS Children's Villages]], Atustep, [[Ourida Chouaki|Tharwa Fadhma n’Soumer]], the ''Association pour l'émancipation des femmes'', Sarp, Amusnaw, Djazaïrouna, medical and mental health professionals, lawyers and human rights activists.&lt;ref name=&quot;LibAlg&quot; /&gt;
  
==Aims==
The Wassila network aims to obtain equal rights for women both in the legal system and in fighting against rape and other violence against women, including &quot;massive marital violence&quot;. The network also handles sexual abuse of children. According to the Wassila network, 80% of its documented cases concern violence within the home.&lt;ref name=&quot;NQF_reseauWassila&quot; /&gt;

==Actions==
The Wassila network published a &quot;White paper of testimonies&quot; of women victims of violence. According to the network, immolation, torture and murder became commonplace against Algerian women.&lt;ref name=&quot;NQF_reseauWassila&quot; /&gt;

The network has three branches of action: developing practical help for victims (including a telephone support helpline and legal aid),&lt;ref name=&quot;ElWatan_monde_de_brutes&quot; /&gt; training of medical, legal and media personnel, and legal approaches (include criminal law against sexual violence).&lt;ref name=&quot;NQF_reseauWassila&quot; /&gt;

The network received between 800 and 2000 calls for help on its telephone helpline during 2011–2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;LibAlg&quot; /&gt;

The Wassila network published a statement following the &quot;punitive expedition&quot; attacks on women workers in [[Hassi Messaoud]], known for the 2001 [[Hassi Messaoud mob attacks against women]]. The network stated that neither local nor national authorities protected the women from a systematic pattern of violence.&lt;ref name=&quot;RFI_resWassila_HassiMessaoud&quot; /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Grenoble</title>
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[[File:Place Saint-André-Grenoble.jpg|thumb|250px|Unguwan Saint-André a Grenoble.]]
[[Fayil:Grenoble, France 007.jpg|thumb]]
'''Grenoble''' [lafazi : /grenobl/ ko /gerenobel/] birnin kasar [[Faransa]] ce. A cikin birnin Grenoble akwai mutane {{formatnum:690548}} a kidayar shekarar 2014. Lille a kan iyaka tsakanin Faransa da [[Beljik]] ce. 

==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Palais_de_justice_c%C3%B4t%C3%A9_nord.JPG|Palais de justice, côté Nord
File:Rue_Malakoff_-_Grenoble.JPG|Wani babban titin birnin
File:Porte_Drac.JPG|Grands boulevards de Grenoble, boulevard Joseph Vallier vu vers l'Est.
File:Grenoble_Saint-Louis_church_2012.jpg|Coci a birnin 
File:Grenoble_Chorier_Joya_1909_archives_Isere.jpg|Grenoble Chorier Joya 1909
File:Fontaine_trois_ordres_-_Grenoble.JPG|Fontaine des trois ordres, Grenoble
File:H%C3%B4pital_Michallon_-_Grenoble.JPG
File:C%C3%A9cile,_trait%C3%A9e_%C3%A0_l%27antique-1.jpg|Cecile, wanda aka bi da shi a cikin tsohuwar hanya
File:Grenoble_trainstation_2006-03-07.jpg|[[Fayil:Grenoble 01.JPG|thumb|gadar '''Grenoble''' ]]Tashar jiragen Ruwa ta Grenoble 
&lt;/gallery&gt;
{{stub}} 

{{Commons}} 

[[Category:Biranen Faransa|Grenoble]]
There are several theatres in Grenoble, the main one being Grenoble Municipal Theatre (Théatre de Grenoble). Others are the Théâtre de Création, the Théâtre Prémol, and the Théâtre 145.{{cn|date=July 2026}}  Grenoble also hosts Upstage Productions, which performs once a year through an exclusively English-speaking troupe.{{cn|date=July 2026}} 

===Visual arts===
There are two main art centres in Grenoble: the Centre national d'Art contemporain (also called [[Le Magasin]]) and the Centre d'art Bastille.{{cn|date=July 2026}} 

===Food===
Grenoble is known for its [[walnut]]s, {{Interlanguage link|Noix de Grenoble|fr}} which enjoy an ''[[appellation d'origine contrôlée]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Annecybernard – Conception et Design Olivier Bellon, Programmation Frederic Chatel |url=http://www.aoc-noixdegrenoble.com/ |title=Noix De Grenoble AOC CING Comité Interprofessionnel |publisher=Aoc-noixdegrenoble.com |access-date=29 October 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Crime ==
[[Crime in France|Crime]] has been a concern in Grenoble for decades, in particular [[drug trafficking]], and more recently [[Racket (crime)|racketeering]], especially in the construction field.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 December 2023 |title=ENQUÊTE - À Grenoble, le racket et les menaces de gangs &quot;mafieux&quot; paralysent les chantiers |url=https://www.tf1info.fr/justice-faits-divers/video-reportage-enquete-tf1-vols-chantage-a-grenoble-le-racket-et-les-menaces-de-gangs-mafieux-paralysent-les-chantiers-2279966.html |access-date=16 May 2025 |website=TF1 INFO |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mag |first=Lyon |date=21 December 2023 |title=Lyon Mag |url=https://www.lyonmag.com/article/133691/a-grenoble-la-progression-mafieuse-inquiete-les-entreprises |access-date=16 May 2025 |website=Lyon Mag |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Crime in Grenoble and its area has grown significantly in the 2020s.{{cn|date=July 2026}} 

In 2020 there were seven [[shootings]] recorded.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 August 2020 |title=À Grenoble, des fusillades à sept reprises en un mois et demi - ICI |url=https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/faits-divers-justice/a-grenoble-retour-sur-un-mois-et-demi-de-reglements-de-comptes-1596717861 |access-date=10 December 2025 |website=ICI, le média de la vie locale |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 August 2020 |title=Grenoble : un homme tué par balles, sixième fusillade en cinq semaines - Le Parisien |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/grenoble-un-homme-tue-par-balles-sixieme-fusillade-en-cinq-semaines-04-08-2020-8363115.php |access-date=16 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806095417/https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/grenoble-un-homme-tue-par-balles-sixieme-fusillade-en-cinq-semaines-04-08-2020-8363115.php |archive-date=6 August 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  In 2022, nine different shootings were recorded in under two months.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 August 2022 |title=Isère. À Grenoble, la spirale du règlement de comptes permanent |url=https://www.ledauphine.com/faits-divers-justice/2022/08/23/isere-a-grenoble-la-spirale-du-reglement-de-comptes-permanent |access-date=16 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823043316/https://www.ledauphine.com/faits-divers-justice/2022/08/23/isere-a-grenoble-la-spirale-du-reglement-de-comptes-permanent |archive-date=23 August 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt; In March 2024, there was a shooting in the suburb of Saint-Bruno, which was one of the primary &quot;deal-points&quot; of rival drug gangs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 March 2024 |title=Grenoble : le ras-le-bol des habitants du quartier Saint-Bruno, gangréné par le trafic de drogue - France Bleu |url=https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/faits-divers-justice/grenoble-le-ras-le-bol-des-habitants-du-quartier-saint-bruno-gangrene-par-le-trafic-de-drogue-7938624 |access-date=16 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319193249/https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/faits-divers-justice/grenoble-le-ras-le-bol-des-habitants-du-quartier-saint-bruno-gangrene-par-le-trafic-de-drogue-7938624 |archive-date=19 March 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 March 2024 |title=Grenoble. Un blessé par balle lors d'une fusillade dans le quartier Saint-Bruno |url=https://www.ledauphine.com/faits-divers-justice/2024/03/18/un-blesse-par-balle-lors-d-une-fusillade-dans-le-quartier-saint-bruno |access-date=16 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318184053/https://www.ledauphine.com/faits-divers-justice/2024/03/18/un-blesse-par-balle-lors-d-une-fusillade-dans-le-quartier-saint-bruno |archive-date=18 March 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 March 2024 |title=Grenoble : une fusillade dans un quartier connu pour ses trafics de drogue fait deux blessés |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/faits-divers/grenoble-une-fusillade-dans-un-quartier-connu-pour-ses-trafics-de-drogue-fait-deux-blesses-20240318 |access-date=16 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318210916/https://www.lefigaro.fr/faits-divers/grenoble-une-fusillade-dans-un-quartier-connu-pour-ses-trafics-de-drogue-fait-deux-blesses-20240318 |archive-date=18 March 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  A few months later, seven [[shootings]] were recorded over summer, leading to criticism of the [[mayor]], [[Éric Piolle]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 September 2024 |title=Le maire écologiste de Grenoble, Éric Piolle, sous le feu des critiques face à l'urgence sécuritaire |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/le-maire-ecologiste-de-grenoble-eric-piolle-sous-le-feu-des-critiques-face-a-l-urgence-securitaire-20240909 |access-date=16 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909191000/https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/le-maire-ecologiste-de-grenoble-eric-piolle-sous-le-feu-des-critiques-face-a-l-urgence-securitaire-20240909 |archive-date=9 September 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 12 February 2025, a [[grenade]] was thrown into a [[pub]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 February 2025 |title=Attaque à la grenade à Grenoble : le bar visé &quot;ne soulevait pas d'inquiétude particulière&quot;, d'après le procureur adjoint - ICI |url=https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/faits-divers-justice/attaque-a-la-grenade-a-grenoble-le-bar-vise-soulevait-pas-inquietude-particuliere-dapres-procureur-adjoint-7753365 |access-date=10 December 2025 |website=ICI, le média de la vie locale |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; and a week later, a [[ram-raid]] car was used in an [[arson]] attack on a recently-opened [[public library]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 February 2025 |title=Une bibliothèque toute neuve incendiée à Grenoble après avoir été percutée par une voiture-bélier |url=https://www.franceinfo.fr/faits-divers/une-bibliotheque-toute-neuve-incendiee-a-grenoble-apres-avoir-ete-percutee-par-une-voiture-belier_7083789.html |access-date=10 December 2025 |website=Franceinfo |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt; In March 2025 a former [[druglord]] was [[assassinated]] on the A41 [[highway]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 March 2025 |title=Jean-Pierre Maldera abattu sur l'autoroute près de Grenoble : les enquêteurs lancent un appel à témoins |url=https://france3-regions.franceinfo.fr/auvergne-rhone-alpes/isere/grenoble/jean-pierre-maldera-abattu-sur-l-autoroute-pres-de-grenoble-les-enqueteurs-lancent-un-appel-a-temoins-3122062.html |access-date=10 December 2025 |website=France 3 Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Several more killings of young men were recorded in December of that year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 December 2025 |title=Échirolles : un homme tué par balle en pleine rue - ICI |url=https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/faits-divers-justice/echirolles-un-homme-de-30-ans-retrouve-mort-en-pleine-rue-au-pied-de-sa-trottinette-2812210 |access-date=10 December 2025 |website=ICI, le média de la vie locale |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 December 2025 |title=Deux hommes tués par balles à Grenoble et Échirolles suite à une rixe entre plusieurs dizaines de personnes - ICI |url=https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/faits-divers-justice/deux-hommes-tues-par-balles-a-grenoble-et-echirolles-suite-a-une-rixe-entre-plusieurs-dizaines-de-personnes-6167666 |access-date=10 December 2025 |website=ICI, le média de la vie locale |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Notable people==
{{Further|List of people from Grenoble}}

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}}

After World War I, one street in the centre of [[Smederevska Palanka]] (Serbia) was named French street [https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;hq=&amp;hnear=Rue+de+Palanka,+38000+Grenoble,+Is%C3%A8re,+Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes,+France&amp;ll=44.364556,20.958368&amp;spn=0.001887,0.006866&amp;z=18 (Francuska ulica)] and one street in Grenoble was named [https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&amp;hl=en&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;hq=&amp;hnear=Rue+de+Palanka,+38000+Grenoble,+Is%C3%A8re,+Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes,+France&amp;ll=45.191048,5.723968&amp;spn=0.00093,0.002411&amp;z=19 Palanka street] (Rue de Palanka). The same neighborhood also has a Belgrade Street [https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&amp;safe=off&amp;client=firefox-a&amp;hs=x9C&amp;rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&amp;q=rue+de+belgrade,+grenoble&amp;um=1&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;hq=&amp;hnear=Rue+de+Belgrade,+38000+Grenoble,+France&amp;gl=us&amp;ei=YdUeTNabMMWBlAfLkt36DA&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=geocode_result&amp;ct=image&amp;resnum=1&amp;ved=0CBQQ8gEwAA (Rue de Belgrade)].

===Twin towns and sister cities===
Grenoble is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:&lt;ref name=&quot;Grenoble&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Jérôme Steffenino, Marguerite Masson |url=http://www.grenoble.fr/103-jumelages-et-cooperations.htm|title=Ville de Grenoble – Coopérations et villes jumelles |publisher=Grenoble.fr |access-date=16 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:1em auto;&quot;
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Catania]], Italy, since 1961&lt;ref name=&quot;Grenoble&quot;/&gt;
*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Innsbruck]], Austria, since 1963&lt;ref name=&quot;Grenoble&quot;/&gt;
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Essen]], Germany, since 1976&lt;ref name=&quot;Grenoble&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RuhrTwins2010&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.twins2010.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pic/Dokumente/List_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf?PHPSESSID=2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd |title=List of Twin Towns in the Ruhr District |publisher=twins2010.com |access-date=28 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225064042/http://www.twins2010.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pic/Dokumente/List_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf?PHPSESSID=2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd |archive-date=25 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]], Germany, since 1976&lt;ref name=&quot;Grenoble&quot;/&gt;
*{{flagicon|MDA}} [[Chișinău]], Moldova, since 1977&lt;ref name=&quot;Grenoble&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Chișinău twinnings&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.chisinau.md/tabview.php?l=ro&amp;idc=526|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120903122220/http://www.chisinau.md/tabview.php?l=ro&amp;idc=526|title=Oraşe înfrăţite (Twin cities of Minsk) ''[via WaybackMachine.com]''|publisher=Primăria Municipiului Chişinău|archive-date=3 September 2012 |access-date=21 July 2013|language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt;
||
*{{flagicon|UK}} [[Oxford]], United Kingdom, since 1977&lt;ref name=&quot;Grenoble&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford twinnings&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.oxford.gov.uk/PageRender/decAC/Town_twinning_occw.htm|title=Oxford's International Twin Towns|access-date=3 September 2013|work=Oxford City Council|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817150811/http://oxford.gov.uk/PageRender/decAC/Town_twinning_occw.htm|archive-date=17 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Archant twinning&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns |title=British towns twinned with French towns |access-date=11 July 2013 |work=Archant Community Media Ltd |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns |archive-date=5 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Rehovot]], Israel, since 1977&lt;ref name=&quot;Grenoble&quot;/&gt;
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]], United States, since 1990&lt;ref name=&quot;Grenoble&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Phoenix sisters&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.phoenixsistercities.org|title = Phoenix Sister Cities|access-date=6 August 2013|publisher=Phoenix Sister Cities|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724085207/http://www.phoenixsistercities.org/|archive-date = 24 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Pécs]], Hungary, since 1992&lt;ref name=&quot;Grenoble&quot;/&gt;
*{{flagicon|PLE}} [[Bethlehem]], [[Palestinian Authority]], since 1995&lt;ref name=&quot;Grenoble&quot;/&gt;
||
*{{flagicon|LTU}} [[Kaunas]], Lithuania, since 1997&lt;ref name=&quot;Grenoble&quot;/&gt;
*{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Sfax]], Tunisia, since 1998&lt;ref name=&quot;Grenoble&quot;/&gt;
*{{flagicon|ALG}} [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]], Algeria, since 1999&lt;ref name=&quot;Grenoble&quot;/&gt;
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Corato]], Italy, since 2002&lt;ref name=&quot;Grenoble&quot;/&gt;
*{{flagicon|ARM}} [[Sevan, Armenia|Sevan]], Armenia, since 2009&lt;ref name=&quot;Grenoble&quot;/&gt;
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Tsukuba]], Japan, since 2013&lt;ref name=&quot;Grenoble&quot;/&gt;
|}

== Gallery ==
[[File:Grenoble panoramique.jpg|thumb|upright=3.4|center|{{center|Grenoble from the Vercors ranges}}]]
[[File:Grenoble - Vue panoramique printemps.jpg|thumb|upright=3.4|center|{{center|Grenoble (west side) from La Bastille}}]]
[[File:Grenoble panorama night bastille.jpg|thumb|upright=3.4|center|{{center|Grenoble at night from La Bastille}}]]

==See also==
* [[Université Grenoble-Alpes]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Grenoble-Vienne|Bishopric of Grenoble]]
* [[Grand'Place]]
* [[List of mayors of Grenoble]]
* [[Route Napoléon]]
* [[Saint Roch Cemetery]]
* [[Arboretum Robert Ruffier-Lanche]]
* [[Cellatex]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{See also|Timeline of Grenoble#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Grenoble}}

==External links==
{{Wiktionary|Grenoble}}
* {{cite EB9 |wstitle = Grenoble |volume= XI |last= |first= |author-link= | page=184-185 |short=1}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100627072637/http://www.ville-grenoble.fr/ Grenoble City website] {{in lang|fr}}

{{Sister bar|auto=y}}
{{Cities in France}}
{{Préfectures of départements of France}}
{{Olympic Winter Games Host Cities}}
{{Isère communes}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Grenoble| ]]
[[Category:Communes of Isère]]
[[Category:Companions of the Liberation]]
[[Category:Prefectures in France]]
[[Category:Dauphiné]]
[[Category:Cities in France]]</text>
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[[File:Zamfara State Nigeria.png|thumb|Maradun karamar Hukuma a Jihar Zamfara]]
'''Maradun''' [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya| karamar hukuma]] ce da ke a [[Jihar Zamfara]], Arewa maso yammacin [[Najeriya]].

== TARIHIN MASARAUTAR maradun ==
KWAIRANGA. wannan gari ya samo asali ne daga wanda ya kafa shi Watau Malam   (1). kwairanga Ɗan mal.jibir Dan makwayo, kusan karshen mulkin gobirawa, mal. kwairanga ya taso daga garin kadamutsa ta kasar zurmi. A bisa ga umurnin mahaifinsa Mal. jibir dan makwayo Wanda ya gana da Shehu Usman (R.D) a lokacin da shehu ya yi zaman wa`azi a Daura, mal.kwairanga ya yi hijira ya biyo shehu, awannan lokacin ya bar Wannan gari a hannun daya daga cikin diyansa Watau Muhammad Sambo:sauran diyan sune :Umaru dangindau, Muhammad mai fafau, Haruna jatau uban modi mai farar godiya.Umaru dangindau. Dan maliki sambo ya rike sarautar tsibirin kwairanga har ya rasu a shekarar (1848). Ya rasu ya bar 'ya'ya maza biyu Watau Muh'd laddo,da(2) banga.Umar dangindau ya rike masarautar tsibirin kwairanga a zamanin sarkin musulmi Aliyu Babba (1848_1861)Umaru dangindau ya yi tafiyarshi ba a san inda ya tafi ba.Zuri'arsa da yabari ,yabar dansa mai suna Dankogi Dodo.Maza duk ya haifa kamar haka(a) Idi danba sambo (b)Bunun rijiya(c)Ima (d) Dadi Bunun Gobba (e) Haruna shaho.Muh'd labbo dan sambo yagadi Dan Maliki Umaru Dangindau a shekarar (1861)Zuri'ar lado sune:Faru da abdu Gajere Wanda ya kafa garen gera.Bayan rasuwar Dan maliki laddo Uban Gidado Babba Sai aka nada :Haruna (jatau)Uban maifarar Godiya a garin kaurar namoda a zamanin Sarkin musulmi Umaru a(shekara ta 1896) ya rasu a zamanin sarkin musulmii Abdulrahman a shekarar (1896)Masu jiran , sarauta wanan zamani sune:{Gidado Babba dan sarki laddo, liman yaroda,Muh'dNakane Zuri'ar maifafau Dan kwairanga. A wannan lokacin ne turankawa suka kai wanda ake kira Alhaji a matsayin wakilin sarki bisa ga umurnin sarkin musulmi, a lokacin da aka mayar da wannan yanki a karkashin Maradun, Alhaji shi ne ya kai Ahmadu marafa da Umaru sarkin diya da Eku dukansun a matsayin wakilla sarki. WADANDA BA ZURI'AR KWAIRANGABA. 1.Alhaji wakilin sarkin musulmi (1896) 2.Ahmadu Marafa wakilin sarkin musulmi (1898) (Umar sarkin Diya Wakilin sarkin musulmi ,Eku wakili).Tudu Hamma (1904-1921).Tudu Musa (1921-1937).Tudu Bakoshi (1937-1939).Tudu jibo.(1939-1949) Bunu Umaru. (1949-1953) .Tudu judi. (1953-1960).Tudu shehu.(1960-DATE).
==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
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[[File:Zamfara State Nigeria.png|thumb|Maradun karamar Hukuma a Jihar Zamfara]]
'''Maradun''' [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya| karamar hukuma]] ce da ke a [[Jihar Zamfara]], Arewa maso yammacin [[Najeriya]].

== TARIHIN MASARAUTAR maradun ==
KWAIRANGA. wannan gari ya samo asali ne daga wanda ya kafa shi Watau Malam   (1). kwairanga Ɗan mal.jibir Dan makwayo, kusan karshen mulkin gobirawa, mal. kwairanga ya taso daga garin kadamutsa ta kasar zurmi. A bisa ga umurnin mahaifinsa Mal. jibir dan makwayo Wanda kuma ya gana da Shehu Usman (R.D) a lokacin da shehu ya yi zaman wa`azi a Daura, mal.kwairanga ya yi hijira ya biyo shehu, awannan lokacin ya bar Wannan gari a hannun daya daga cikin diyansa Watau Muhammad Sambo:sauran diyan sune :Umaru dangindau, Muhammad mai fafau, Haruna jatau uban modi mai farar godiya.Umaru dangindau. Dan maliki sambo ya rike sarautar tsibirin kwairanga har ya rasu a shekarar (1848). Ya rasu ya bar 'ya'ya maza biyu Watau Muh'd laddo,da(2) banga.Umar dangindau ya rike masarautar tsibirin kwairanga a zamanin sarkin musulmi Aliyu Babba (1848_1861)Umaru dangindau ya yi tafiyarshi ba a san inda ya tafi ba.Zuri'arsa da yabari ,yabar dansa mai suna Dankogi Dodo.Maza duk ya haifa kamar haka(a) Idi danba sambo (b)Bunun rijiya(c)Ima (d) Dadi Bunun Gobba (e) Haruna shaho.Muh'd labbo dan sambo yagadi Dan Maliki Umaru Dangindau a shekarar (1861)Zuri'ar lado sune:Faru da abdu Gajere Wanda ya kafa garen gera.Bayan rasuwar Dan maliki laddo Uban Gidado Babba Sai aka nada :Haruna (jatau)Uban maifarar Godiya a garin kaurar namoda a zamanin Sarkin musulmi Umaru a(shekara ta 1896) ya rasu a zamanin sarkin musulmii Abdulrahman a shekarar (1896)Masu jiran , sarauta wanan zamani sune:{Gidado Babba dan sarki laddo, liman yaroda,Muh'dNakane Zuri'ar maifafau Dan kwairanga. A wannan lokacin ne turankawa suka kai wanda ake kira Alhaji a matsayin wakilin sarki bisa ga umurnin sarkin musulmi, a lokacin da aka mayar da wannan yanki a karkashin Maradun, Alhaji shi ne ya kai Ahmadu marafa da Umaru sarkin diya da Eku dukansun a matsayin wakilla sarki. WADANDA BA ZURI'AR KWAIRANGABA. 1.Alhaji wakilin sarkin musulmi (1896) 2.Ahmadu Marafa wakilin sarkin musulmi (1898) (Umar sarkin Diya Wakilin sarkin musulmi ,Eku wakili).Tudu Hamma (1904-1921).Tudu Musa (1921-1937).Tudu Bakoshi (1937-1939).Tudu jibo.(1939-1949) Bunu Umaru. (1949-1953) .Tudu judi. (1953-1960).Tudu shehu.(1960-DATE).
==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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[[File:Vincent_van_Gogh_January_1873.jpeg|200px|right|thumbnail|Vincent Van Gogh]]
'''Vincent van Gogh''' (30 ga watan March, 1853 zuwa 29 ga watan July 1890) mai fenti ne. Van Gogh an haife shi a [[Zundert|Groot-Zundert]] (yanzu [[Holanda]]) a shekara ta 1853, ya mutu a [[Auvers-sur-Oise]] ([[Faransa]]) a shekara ta 1890. Ya kuma kasance mai zane ne na kasar Holand wanda daga bisani ya zamo shahararren mai zane a tarihin Yammacin Turai. A tsakanin shekaru goma, ya samar da kayan fasaha sama da guda 2,100, akalla guda 860 na daga zanen fenti na mai, mafi akasarinsu a shekaru biyu na karshen rayuwarsa. Waɗannan zanuka sun hada da zanen wurare, zanen mutane da kuma zanen kansa waɗanda akayi da kaloli masu kauri da kuma buroshi acikin fasaha. Bai samu nasara ba ta fuskar kasuwancin sana'arsa sannan kuma ya sha fama da kunci da kuma talauci, wanda hakan yasa [[Mutuwar Vincent van Gogh|ya kashe kansa]] a lokacin da yake da shekaru talatin da bakwai.  

A kuma haifeshi a karkashin dangi masu matsakaicin karfi, Van Gogh ya fara zane a lokacin da yake karami kuma ya kasance mai mayar da hankali, shiru-shiru kuma mai zurfin tunani. A yayin samartakarsa, ya kasance mai cinikayyar zane, kuma yana  yawan tafiye-tafiye, amma ya fara shiga kunci a yayinda ya koma London. Ya koma mabiyin addini inda ya cigaba da bin mishanrin kirista na ''Protestant a'' kudancin Roman Katolika na kasar Belgium. Ya fara rashin lafiya kuma ya sama kanshi acikin hali na kadaici kafin ya fara zane a 1881. Bayan ya koma gidan iyayena, kaninsa [[Theo van Gogh (art dealer)|Theo van Gogh]] ya cigaba da taimaka masa da kudi. Su biyun sun cigaba da zumunci ta hanyar sakonnin wasika. Ayyukansa na farko-farko na abubuwa marasa rai da kuma zanensa na 'yan aikin gida suna nuna kwarewarsa a wajen zane. Ya koma Faris acikin shekarar 1886 inda ya hadu da membobin [[Avant-garde]] kamar su [[Émile Bernard]] da kuma [[Paul Gauguin]] wadanda a lokacin suke adawa da salon zanen [[Zanen Ra'ayi|Impressionist]]. Bayan ya kara kwarewa, ya samar da sabon salo na zanen abubuwa marasa rai da kuma zanen wurare. Zanen sun kara kyawu bayan ya samar da fitaccen salon zane a lokacin zamansa a [[Arles]] a kudancin Faransa, a cikin shekarar alif 1888. Acikin wannan lokacin, ya kara fadada darussan zanensa wanda suka hada da jerin zanukan [[Olive Trees (Van Gogh series)|itacen zaitun]] da dai sauransu. 
== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
=== Kuruciyarsa ===
An haifi Vincent Willem van Gogh a ranar 30a watan March shekara ta 1853 a garin [[Zundert|Groot-Zundert]], a gundumar mabiya Katolika na [[North Brabant]] da ke Netherlands.&lt;ref&gt;Pomerans, Arnold (1997). ''The Letters of Vincent van Gogh''. Penguin Classics. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-14-044674-6&lt;/bdi&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt; Shine babban da ga Theodorus van Gogh (1822–1885), minista na cocin  ''Dutch Reformed Church'' mahaifiyar Vincent kuma itace Anna Cornelia Carbentus (1819–1907). An rada wa Vincent sunan kakansa sannan kuma suna ne da aka sanya wa wansa da yazo ba rai. Vincent ya kasance sananne suna ga dangin Van Gogh. Suna ne na kakansa, wani shahararren dillalin zane-zane kuma masanin fighu daga jami'ar  [[Leiden University]] a shekara ta 1811.

Mahaifiyar Van Godh ta fito ne daga dangin attajirai na garin [[The Hague]],&lt;ref&gt;Naifeh, Steven W.; Smith, Gregory White (2011). ''Van Gogh: The Life''. Random House. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-375-50748-9&lt;/bdi&gt;. pp 14-16&lt;/ref&gt; sannan kuma mahaifinsa shine dan auta ga wani minista.&lt;ref&gt;Naifeh, Steven W.; Smith, Gregory White (2011). ''Van Gogh: The Life''. Random House. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-375-50748-9&lt;/bdi&gt;. p 59&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Woman peeling potatoes - Vincent Van Gogh.jpg|thumb|Vincent van Gogh]]
[[Fayil:Vincent van Gogh - Dr Paul Gachet - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Vincent van Gogh]]
Van Gogh ya kasance da ne kwazo da kuma zurfin tunani.&lt;ref&gt;Sweetman, David (1990). ''Van Gogh: His Life and His Art''. Touchstone. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-671-74338-3&lt;/bdi&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifiyarsa ce ta horar dashi tun daga gida, sannan a shekarar 1860, an turashi makarantar kauyensu. Acikin shekara ta 1864, an sanya shi a makarantar kwana da ke [[Zevenbergen]],&lt;ref&gt;Tralbaut, Marc Edo (1981) [1969]. ''Vincent van Gogh, le mal aimé'' (in French). Alpine Fine Arts. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-933516-31-1&lt;/bdi&gt;. pp 25-25&lt;/ref&gt; inda ya ji kamar ba'a sanso kuma yayi ta yunkurin dawowa gida. A dalilin haka daga baya, iyayensa suka turashi makarantar sakandare da ke [[Tilburg]], inda anan ma ya kara fadawa cikin kunci.&lt;ref&gt;Naifeh, Steven W.; Smith, Gregory White (2011). ''Van Gogh: The Life''. Random House. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-375-50748-9&lt;/bdi&gt;. pp. 45-49&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fara sha'awar zane tun yana yaro. Mahaifiyarsa ce ta kara karfafa masa gwiwa da yayi zane.&lt;ref&gt;Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011), 36–50.&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Manazarta==
{{DEFAULTSORT:van Gogh, Vincent}}
[[Category:Mai zane-zanen Holand]]</text>
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[[File:Vincent_van_Gogh_January_1873.jpeg|200px|right|thumbnail|Vincent Van Gogh]]
'''Vincent van Gogh''' (30 ga watan March, 1853 zuwa 29 ga watan July 1890) mai fenti ne. Van Gogh an haife shi a [[Zundert|Groot-Zundert]] (yanzu [[Holanda]]) a shekara ta 1853, ya mutu a [[Auvers-sur-Oise]] ([[Faransa]]) a shekara ta 1890. Ya kuma kasance mai zane ne na kasar Holand wanda daga bisani ya zamo shahararren mai zane a tarihin Yammacin Turai. A tsakanin shekaru goma, ya samar da kayan fasaha sama da guda 2,100, akalla guda 860 na daga zanen fenti na mai, mafi akasarinsu a shekaru biyu na karshen rayuwarsa. Waɗannan zanuka sun hada da zanen wurare, zanen mutane da kuma zanen kansa waɗanda akayi da kaloli masu kauri da kuma buroshi acikin fasaha. Bai samu nasara ba ta fuskar kasuwancin sana'arsa sannan kuma ya sha fama da kunci da kuma talauci, wanda hakan yasa [[Mutuwar Vincent van Gogh|ya kashe kansa]] a lokacin da yake da shekaru talatin da bakwai.  

A kuma haifeshi a karkashin dangi masu matsakaicin karfi, Van Gogh ya fara zane a lokacin da yake karami kuma ya kasance mai mayar da hankali, shiru-shiru kuma mai zurfin tunani. A yayin samartakarsa, ya kasance mai cinikayyar zane, kuma yana  yawan tafiye-tafiye, amma ya fara shiga kunci a yayinda ya koma London. Ya koma mabiyin addini inda ya cigaba da bin mishanrin kirista na ''Protestant a'' kudancin Roman Katolika na kasar Belgium. Ya fara rashin lafiya kuma ya sama kanshi acikin hali na kadaici kafin ya fara zane a 1881. Bayan ya koma gidan iyayena, kaninsa [[Theo van Gogh (art dealer)|Theo van Gogh]] ya cigaba da taimaka masa da kudi. Su biyun sun cigaba da zumunci ta hanyar sakonnin wasika. Ayyukansa na farko-farko na abubuwa marasa rai da kuma zanensa na ƴan aikin gida suna nuna kwarewarsa a wajen zane. Ya koma Faris acikin shekarar 1886 inda ya hadu da membobin [[Avant-garde]] kamar su [[Émile Bernard]] da kuma [[Paul Gauguin]] wadanda a lokacin suke adawa da salon zanen [[Zanen Ra'ayi|Impressionist]]. Bayan ya kara kwarewa, ya samar da sabon salo na zanen abubuwa marasa rai da kuma zanen wurare. Zanen sun kara kyawu bayan ya samar da fitaccen salon zane a lokacin zamansa a [[Arles]] a kudancin Faransa, a cikin shekarar alif 1888. Acikin wannan lokacin, ya kara fadada darussan zanensa wanda suka hada da jerin zanukan [[Olive Trees (Van Gogh series)|itacen zaitun]] da dai sauransu. 
== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
=== Kuruciyarsa ===
An haifi Vincent Willem van Gogh a ranar 30a watan March shekara ta 1853 a garin [[Zundert|Groot-Zundert]], a gundumar mabiya Katolika na [[North Brabant]] da ke Netherlands.&lt;ref&gt;Pomerans, Arnold (1997). ''The Letters of Vincent van Gogh''. Penguin Classics. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-14-044674-6&lt;/bdi&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt; Shine babban da ga Theodorus van Gogh (1822–1885), minista na cocin  ''Dutch Reformed Church'' mahaifiyar Vincent kuma itace Anna Cornelia Carbentus (1819–1907). An rada wa Vincent sunan kakansa sannan kuma suna ne da aka sanya wa wansa da yazo ba rai. Vincent ya kasance sananne suna ga dangin Van Gogh. Suna ne na kakansa, wani shahararren dillalin zane-zane kuma masanin fighu daga jami'ar  [[Leiden University]] a shekara ta 1811.

Mahaifiyar Van Godh ta fito ne daga dangin attajirai na garin [[The Hague]],&lt;ref&gt;Naifeh, Steven W.; Smith, Gregory White (2011). ''Van Gogh: The Life''. Random House. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-375-50748-9&lt;/bdi&gt;. pp 14-16&lt;/ref&gt; sannan kuma mahaifinsa shine dan auta ga wani minista.&lt;ref&gt;Naifeh, Steven W.; Smith, Gregory White (2011). ''Van Gogh: The Life''. Random House. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-375-50748-9&lt;/bdi&gt;. p 59&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Woman peeling potatoes - Vincent Van Gogh.jpg|thumb|Vincent van Gogh]]
[[Fayil:Vincent van Gogh - Dr Paul Gachet - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Vincent van Gogh]]
Van Gogh ya kasance da ne kwazo da kuma zurfin tunani.&lt;ref&gt;Sweetman, David (1990). ''Van Gogh: His Life and His Art''. Touchstone. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-671-74338-3&lt;/bdi&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifiyarsa ce ta horar dashi tun daga gida, sannan a shekarar 1860, an turashi makarantar kauyensu. Acikin shekara ta 1864, an sanya shi a makarantar kwana da ke [[Zevenbergen]],&lt;ref&gt;Tralbaut, Marc Edo (1981) [1969]. ''Vincent van Gogh, le mal aimé'' (in French). Alpine Fine Arts. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-933516-31-1&lt;/bdi&gt;. pp 25-25&lt;/ref&gt; inda ya ji kamar ba'a sanso kuma yayi ta yunkurin dawowa gida. A dalilin haka daga baya, iyayensa suka turashi makarantar sakandare da ke [[Tilburg]], inda anan ma ya kara fadawa cikin kunci.&lt;ref&gt;Naifeh, Steven W.; Smith, Gregory White (2011). ''Van Gogh: The Life''. Random House. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-375-50748-9&lt;/bdi&gt;. pp. 45-49&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fara sha'awar zane tun yana yaro. Mahaifiyarsa ce ta kara karfafa masa gwiwa da yayi zane.&lt;ref&gt;Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011), 36–50.&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Manazarta==
{{DEFAULTSORT:van Gogh, Vincent}}
[[Category:Mai zane-zanen Holand]]</text>
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[[File:Vincent_van_Gogh_January_1873.jpeg|200px|right|thumbnail|Vincent Van Gogh]]
'''Vincent van Gogh''' (30 ga watan March, 1853 zuwa 29 ga watan July 1890) mai fenti ne. Van Gogh an haife shi a [[Zundert|Groot-Zundert]] (yanzu [[Holanda]]) a shekara ta 1853, ya mutu a [[Auvers-sur-Oise]] ([[Faransa]]) a shekara ta 1890. Ya kuma kasance mai zane ne na kasar Holand wanda daga bisani ya zamo shahararren mai zane a tarihin Yammacin Turai. A tsakanin shekaru goma, ya samar da kayan fasaha sama da guda 2,100, akalla guda 860 na daga zanen fenti na mai, mafi akasarinsu a shekaru biyu na karshen rayuwarsa. Waɗannan zanuka sun hada da zanen wurare, zanen mutane da kuma zanen kansa waɗanda akayi da kaloli masu kauri da kuma buroshi acikin fasaha. Bai samu nasara ba ta fuskar kasuwancin sana'arsa sannan kuma ya sha fama da kunci da kuma talauci, wanda hakan yasa [[Mutuwar Vincent van Gogh|ya kashe kansa]] a lokacin da yake da shekaru talatin da bakwai.  

A kuma haifeshi a karkashin dangi masu matsakaicin karfi, Van Gogh ya fara zane a lokacin da yake karami kuma ya kasance mai mayar da hankali, shiru-shiru kuma mai zurfin tunani. A yayin samartakarsa, ya kasance mai cinikayyar zane, kuma yana  yawan tafiye-tafiye, amma ya fara shiga kunci a yayinda ya koma London. Ya koma mabiyin addini inda ya cigaba da bin mishanrin kirista na ''Protestant a'' kudancin Roman Katolika na kasar Belgium. Ya fara rashin lafiya kuma ya sama kanshi acikin hali na kadaici kafin ya fara zane a 1881. Bayan ya koma gidan iyayena, kaninsa [[Theo van Gogh (art dealer)|Theo van Gogh]] ya cigaba da taimaka masa da kudi. Su biyun sun cigaba da zumunci ta hanyar sakonnin wasika. Ayyukansa na farko-farko na abubuwa marasa rai da kuma zanensa na ƴan aikin gida suna nuna kwarewarsa a wajen zane. Ya koma Faris acikin shekarar 1886 inda ya hadu da membobin [[Avant-garde]] kamar su [[Émile Bernard]] da kuma [[Paul Gauguin]] wadanda a lokacin suke adawa da salon zanen [[Zanen Ra'ayi|Impressionist]]. Bayan ya kara kwarewa, ya samar da sabon salo na zanen abubuwa marasa rai da kuma zanen wurare. Zanen sun kara kyawu bayan ya samar da fitaccen salon zane a lokacin zamansa a [[Arles]] a kudancin Faransa, a cikin shekarar alif 1888. Acikin wannan lokacin, ya kara fadada darussan zanensa wanda suka hada da jerin zanukan [[Olive Trees (Van Gogh series)|itacen zaitun]] da dai sauransu. 

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
=== Kuruciyarsa ===
An kuma haifi Vincent Willem van Gogh a ranar 30a watan March shekara ta 1853 a garin [[Zundert|Groot-Zundert]], a gundumar mabiya Katolika na [[North Brabant]] da ke Netherlands.&lt;ref&gt;Pomerans, Arnold (1997). ''The Letters of Vincent van Gogh''. Penguin Classics. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-14-044674-6&lt;/bdi&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt; Shine babban da ga Theodorus van Gogh (1822–1885), minista na cocin  ''Dutch Reformed Church'' mahaifiyar Vincent kuma itace Anna Cornelia Carbentus (1819–1907). An rada wa Vincent sunan kakansa sannan kuma suna ne da aka sanya wa wansa da yazo ba rai. Vincent ya kasance sananne suna ga dangin Van Gogh. Suna ne na kakansa, wani shahararren dillalin zane-zane kuma masanin fighu daga jami'ar  [[Leiden University]] a shekara ta 1811.

Mahaifiyar Van Godh ta fito ne daga dangin attajirai na garin [[The Hague]],&lt;ref&gt;Naifeh, Steven W.; Smith, Gregory White (2011). ''Van Gogh: The Life''. Random House. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-375-50748-9&lt;/bdi&gt;. pp 14-16&lt;/ref&gt; sannan kuma mahaifinsa shine dan auta ga wani minista.&lt;ref&gt;Naifeh, Steven W.; Smith, Gregory White (2011). ''Van Gogh: The Life''. Random House. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-375-50748-9&lt;/bdi&gt;. p 59&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Woman peeling potatoes - Vincent Van Gogh.jpg|thumb|Vincent van Gogh]]
[[Fayil:Vincent van Gogh - Dr Paul Gachet - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Vincent van Gogh]]
Van Gogh ya kasance da ne kwazo da kuma zurfin tunani.&lt;ref&gt;Sweetman, David (1990). ''Van Gogh: His Life and His Art''. Touchstone. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-671-74338-3&lt;/bdi&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifiyarsa ce ta horar dashi tun daga gida, sannan a shekarar 1860, an turashi makarantar kauyensu. Acikin shekara ta 1864, an sanya shi a makarantar kwana da ke [[Zevenbergen]],&lt;ref&gt;Tralbaut, Marc Edo (1981) [1969]. ''Vincent van Gogh, le mal aimé'' (in French). Alpine Fine Arts. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-933516-31-1&lt;/bdi&gt;. pp 25-25&lt;/ref&gt; inda ya ji kamar ba'a sanso kuma yayi ta yunkurin dawowa gida. A dalilin haka daga baya, iyayensa suka turashi makarantar sakandare da ke [[Tilburg]], inda anan ma ya kara fadawa cikin kunci.&lt;ref&gt;Naifeh, Steven W.; Smith, Gregory White (2011). ''Van Gogh: The Life''. Random House. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-375-50748-9&lt;/bdi&gt;. pp. 45-49&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fara sha'awar zane tun yana yaro. Mahaifiyarsa ce ta kara karfafa masa gwiwa da yayi zane.&lt;ref&gt;Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011), 36–50.&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Manazarta==
{{DEFAULTSORT:van Gogh, Vincent}}
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'''Mal Aminu Ado Bayero''' ((Listenⓘ)), CFR (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Agustan shekara ta alif 1961) shi ne sarkin [[Fulani]] [[Jerin Sarakunan Kano|Na 15]] na Kano daga dangin Fulani [[Sulluɓawa|Sullubawa]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Benson |first=Nneoma |date=9 March 2020 |title=Ganduje appoints Aminu Ado Bayero as 15th Fulani Emir of Kano |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/ganduje-appoints-aminu-ado-bayero-as-15th-emir-of-kano |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310160615/https://www.icirnigeria.org/ganduje-appoints-aminu-ado-bayero-as-15th-emir-of-kano/ |archive-date=10 March 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=The ICIR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya hau gadon sarauta a ranar 9 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif 2020, biyo bayan tsige dan uwansa Muhammad Sanusi II da [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kano|Gwamna]] Dr. Abdullahi Umar Ganduje.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-03-19 |title=Local power play ends the reign of northern Nigeria's emir of Kano · Global Voices |url=https://globalvoices.org/2020/03/19/local-power-play-ends-the-reign-of-northern-nigerias-emir-of-kano/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409184133/https://globalvoices.org/2020/03/19/local-power-play-ends-the-reign-of-northern-nigerias-emir-of-kano/ |archive-date=9 April 2020 |access-date=2020-04-24 |website=Global Voices |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shi ne Shugaba [[Jami'ar Calaba]] .

== Rayuwa ta farko ==

=== Iyali ===
An haifi  Aminu Ado Bayero a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta alif 1961. Mahaifinsa, [[Ado Bayero]], shi ne Sarkin Kano daga shekara ta alif 1963 zuwa shekara alif 2014  kuma sarkin da ya fi dadewa a [[Kano (birni)|Tarihin Kano]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-06-06 |title=UPDATE: Late Emir of Kano, Ado Bayero, to be buried 4:00 p.m. {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/162157-breaking-emir-kano-ado-bayero-dead.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301134428/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/162157-breaking-emir-kano-ado-bayero-dead.html |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=2022-03-01 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shi ne ɗan fari na biyu ga marigayi sarkin. 'Yan uwansa sun hada da babban ɗan'uwansa [[Sanusi Ado Bayero]], da [[Nasiru Ado Bayero]] , Sarkin [[Bichi]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=PRNigeria |date=2020-03-09 |title=Bayero's Sons, Aminu and Nasiru Become Emirs of Two Emirates in Kano |url=https://prnigeria.com/2020/03/09/aminu-nasiru-emirs-kano/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331102848/https://prnigeria.com/2020/03/09/aminu-nasiru-emirs-kano/ |archive-date=31 March 2020 |access-date=2020-04-24 |website=PRNigeria News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jikan jikan mahaifinsa, Muhammadu Sanusi II ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin Sarkin Kano daga shekara ta ali2014 har zuwa shekara alif 2020 lokacin da gwamnatin [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] ta cire shi daga mulki.

=== Ilimi ===
Aminu ya sami ilimin Islama na farko a gida, inda ya koyi [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]], [[Polythem]], shari'ar Islama da [[Hadisai]] (al'adun ayyukan da maganganun [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]]). Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Kofar Kudu kuma ya ci gaba zuwa [[Government College, Birnin Kudu|Kwalejin Gwamnati, Birnin Kudu]] . Ya yi karatun sadarwa a [[Jami'ar Bayero|Jami'ar Bayero Kano]] kuma ya tafi Kwalejin Flying a Oakland, California . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mohammed |first=Farouk |date=9 March 2020 |title=Biography of Aminu Ado Bayero, the new Emir of Kano |url=https://www.okay.ng/biography-of-aminu-ado-bayero-the-new-emir-of-kano |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205094614/https://www.okay.ng/biography-of-aminu-ado-bayero-the-new-emir-of-kano/ |archive-date=5 December 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |website=okay.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya yi aikinsa na shekara daya na Ƙungiyar Matasa ta Kasa a [[Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya]] a [[Makurdi]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adewale |first=Murtala |date=18 May 2019 |title='The split of Kano Emirate was never my wish, but things change with time' |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/the-split-of-kano-emirate-was-never-my-wish-but-things-change-with-time |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126190154/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/the-split-of-kano-emirate-was-never-my-wish-but-things-change-with-time/ |archive-date=26 November 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Newspaper]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Farkon aiki ==
Bayero ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in hulɗa da jama'a a Kabo Air, kafin ya zama injiniyan jirgin sama.&lt;ref name=&quot;KA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kano_Emirate-Hakimai |url=https://www.kanoemirate.org/new/pdfs/Kano_Emirate-Hakimai.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302141826/https://www.kanoemirate.org/new/pdfs/Kano_Emirate-Hakimai.pdf |archive-date=2 March 2021 |access-date=9 March 2020 |website=kanoemirate.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Takardun sarauta da sadaukarwa ==
A shekara ta alif 1990, mahaifinsa, Ado Bayero, ya nada shi Dan Majen Kano kuma shugaban gundumar [[Dala]], kafin a kara shi zuwa Dan Buram Kano a watan Oktoba na wannan shekara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alao |first=Abiodun |date=9 March 2020 |title=Five things to know about the new Emir of Kano, Aminu Ado Bayero |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/five-things-to-know-about-the-new-emir-of-kano-aminu-ado-bayero |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310164611/https://thenationonlineng.net/five-things-to-know-about-the-new-emir-of-kano-aminu-ado-bayero/ |archive-date=10 March 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation Newspaper]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta alif 1992, an kara shi zuwa Turakin Kano da Sarkin Dawakin Tsakar Gida Kano a shekara ta 2000. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin Durbar na masarautar Kano.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odeyemi |first=Joshua |date=9 March 2020 |title=Who is Alhaji Aminu Ado Bayero, the new Emir of Kano? |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/who-is-alhaji-aminu-ado-bayero-the-new-emir-of-kano.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310155553/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/who-is-alhaji-aminu-ado-bayero-the-new-emir-of-kano.html |archive-date=10 March 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust Newspaper]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2014, sarkin Kano na lokacin, Muhammad Sanusi II, ya inganta shi zuwa Wamban Kano, ta haka ne, ya sauya shi daga Dala zuwa karamar hukumar Kano inda ya gaji Galadiman Kano, Alhaji Tijjani Hashim a matsayin shugaban gundumar.  &lt;ref name=&quot;KA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kano_Emirate-Hakimai |url=https://www.kanoemirate.org/new/pdfs/Kano_Emirate-Hakimai.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302141826/https://www.kanoemirate.org/new/pdfs/Kano_Emirate-Hakimai.pdf |archive-date=2 March 2021 |access-date=9 March 2020 |website=kanoemirate.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adewale |first=Murtala |date=9 March 2020 |title=Aminu Ado Bayero may succeed Sanusi as emir of Kano |url=https://guardian.ng/news/aminu-ado-bayero-leads-race-to-succeed-sanusi-as-emir-of-kano |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310160725/https://guardian.ng/news/aminu-ado-bayero-leads-race-to-succeed-sanusi-as-emir-of-kano/ |archive-date=10 March 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian Newspaper]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar al 2019, [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kano|gwamna]] Jihar [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje]] ya nada shi sarkin Kano.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 May 2019 |title=Unstoppable Ganduje presents letters to Emir Ado Bayero, 3 others |url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/05/11/unstoppable-ganduje-presents-letters-to-emir-ado-bayero-3-others |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511210705/https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/05/11/unstoppable-ganduje-presents-letters-to-emir-ado-bayero-3-others/ |archive-date=11 May 2019 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=[[P.M. News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mohammed |first=Farouk |date=9 March 2020 |title=Biography of Aminu Ado Bayero, the new Emir of Kano |url=https://www.okay.ng/biography-of-aminu-ado-bayero-the-new-emir-of-kano |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205094614/https://www.okay.ng/biography-of-aminu-ado-bayero-the-new-emir-of-kano/ |archive-date=5 December 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |website=okay.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sarkin sarakuna na Kano ==
Ya hau gadon sarauta a ranar 9 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif 2020, biyo bayan tsige dan uwansa Muhammad Sanusi II da [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kano|Gwamnan jihar Kano]], [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje]]. Gwamna Abdullahi Ganduje na Jihar Kano a ranar Asabar 3 ga watan Yulin shekara ta al 2021 ya gabatar da ma'aikatan ofis ga Sarkin Kano na 15, Aminu Ado Bayero . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 July 2021 |title=Ganduje presents staff of office to Kano Emir, Bayero |url=https://punchng.com/ganduje-presents-staff-of-office-to-kano-emir-bayero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707095146/https://punchng.com/ganduje-presents-staff-of-office-to-kano-emir-bayero/ |archive-date=7 July 2021 |access-date=7 July 2021 |website=Punch Newspapers}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Mayu na shekara ta ali 2023, wani sabon gwamna ya ba da umarnin cire shi daga sarauta da kuma dawo da sarkin da ya gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Kano Gov Announces Return Of Sanusi As Emir - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/breaking-kano-gov-announces-return-of-sanusi-as-emir/ |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=dailytrust.com/ |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sarkin da aka tsige tun daga lokacin ya kasance mai tawaye, ya ki amincewa da cire shi, kuma ya zauna daya daga cikin kananan fadar da ke cikin masarautar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sobowale |first=Adetutu |date=2024-05-25 |title=Soldiers sighted in deposed Emir Ado Bayero's palace |url=https://punchng.com/soldiers-sighted-in-deposed-emir-ado-bayeros-palace/ |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Reflist}}{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[List of rulers of Kano|House of Dabo]]||1961|Living}}
{{S-reg|}}
{{S-bef}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Kano Emirate|Emir of Kano]]}}
{{S-inc}}
{{S-end}}{{Rulers of Kano}}
[[Rukuni:Musulman Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]]</text>
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    <title>Maryam Bukar Hassan</title>
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'''Maryam Bukar Hassan''' (an haife ta ranar 25 ga Watan Disamba shekarar 1996), wanda kuma aka  fi sani da '''Alhanislam''',&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/32044&lt;/ref&gt; (mawakiyar baka) a [[Najeriya]], mawakiyar magana, mai fafutukar zaman lafiya, mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata da yara mata, kuma mai ba da shawara.

Maryam tana daga cikin masu fafutukar [[Wanyewar Zaman Lafiya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], kodinetan kamfe na [[Change.org]] a Najeriya, kuma mai cimma burin [[Gidauniyar Bill &amp; Melinda Gates]]. Tana amfani da muryarta a wajen kawo canjin zamantakewa da kuma adalci, musamman akan matsaloli da suka shafi zaman lafiya da [[Mutuwar uwa|Mutuwa a dalilin naƙuda]].

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Maryam Bukar a [[borno]], kuma ta girma a jihar Kaduna a [[Najeriya]]. ’yar asalin garin [[Biu]] ce ta Jihar [[Borno]]. Ita kadai ce ‘ya a wajan Hauwa Maina( jaruma a masana'antar fim ta Hausa kanniwud). Ta yi karatun sakandare a makarantar Uncle Bado [[Memorial]] College Kaduna, sannan ta karanci fasahar sadarwa a Jami’ar Radford University College Ghana, wacce ke da alaka da Jami’ar Kwame [[Nkrumah]].

== Sana'a da nasarori ==

Maryam ta yi magana a wurare daban-daban da dandamali, kamar Aké Arts and Book Festival, Kaduna Book and Arts Festival, Harmony for [[Humanity]] concert wanda Ofishin Jakadancin [[Amurka]] ya shirya don girmama Daniel Pearl, Taro na Ci Gaban Ci Gaba (SDGs), Taron Gine-ginen Gudanar da Mulkin [[Afirka]], bikin cika shekaru 75 na ayyukan wanzar da zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Babban taron tattaunawa na Tarayyar Afirka 8th 2019 a Kampala, Uganda, Global Citizen Live, da kari da yawa.  
[[Fayil:Maryam Bukar Hassan.jpg|thumb|Maryam Bukar Hassan]]
A cikin 2017, ta fitar da kundi na kalmar magana a cikin Zuciyar Silence, wanda ke magance batutuwan zamantakewa daban-daban na rayuwa.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[List of Nigerian musicians|Jerin mawakan Najeriya]]
* [[:en:List_of_female_poets|Jerin mawakan mata]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Rayayyun Mutane]]
[[category:Haifaffun 1996]]
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tonga</title>
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Tonga, [b] bisa hukuma Masarautar Tonga, [c] tsibiri ce a cikin Polynesia, wani yanki na Oceania. Kasar tana da tsibirai 171, daga cikinsu akwai 45 daga cikinsu&lt;ref&gt; &quot;The World Factbook: Tonga: Geography&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Gabaɗayan samansa kusan kilomita 750 (290 sq mi), ya warwatse sama da 700,000 km2 (270,000 sq mi) a kudancin Tekun Pasifik. Tun daga 2021, a cewar Johnson's Tribune, Tonga tana da yawan jama'a 104,494, &lt;ref&gt; &quot;Tonga Population 2021 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)&quot;. worldpopulationreview.com. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; World Population Prospects 2022&quot;. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;World Population Prospects 2022&quot;. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; 70% waɗanda ke zaune a babban ri, Tongatapu. Kasar ta kai kusan kilomita 800 (500 mi; 430 nmi) arewa-kudu. An kewaye ta da Fiji da Wallis da Futuna (Faransa) su ma 
&lt;ref&gt;&quot;World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100&quot; (XSLX) (&quot;Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)&quot;). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
Wayewar Lapita ce ta fara zama a Tonga kusan shekaru 2,500 da suka gabata, mazauna Polynesia waɗanda a hankali suka samo asali da ƙaƙƙarfan asalin ƙabila, harshe, da al'adu a matsayin mutanen Tongan. Nan da nan suka kafa kafa mai karfi a fadin Kudancin Pacific, kuma wannan lokaci na fadada Tongan da mulkin mallaka ana kiransa daular Tu'i Tonga. Daga mulkin sarkin Tongan na farko, `Aho`eitu, Tonga ya girma ya zama ikon yanki. Wata thalassocracy ce ta ci da sarrafa ɓangarorin Tekun Fasifik da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba, daga sassan tsibirin Sulemanu da dukan New Caledonia da Fiji a yamma zuwa Samoa da Niue har ma da sassan Faransa Polynesia na zamani a gabas. Tu'i Tonga ya shahara saboda tasirin tattalin arzikinta, kabilanci, da al'adu a kan tekun Pacific, wanda ya kasance mai karfi ko da bayan juyin juya halin Samoa na karni na 13 da gano tsibiran da Turawa suka yi a 1616.&lt;ref&gt;see writings of Ata of Kolovai in &quot;O Tama a Aiga&quot; by Morgan Tuimaleali'ifano; writings by Mahina, also coronation edition of Spasifik Magazine, &quot;The Pacific Islands: An Encyclopedia,&quot; edited by Lal and Fortune, pp. 133–&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;, Lee, ed. (2010). Coffee Culture, Destinations and Tourism. Channel View Publications. p. 112. ISBN 9781845411923.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Tonga crowns King Tupou VI in lavish public coronation, parties&quot;. ABC News. 4 July 2015. Archived from&lt;/ref&gt;
=='asalinyaran==
A cikin yarukan Polynesia da yawa, gami da Tongan, kalmar tonga (Tongan: [ˈtoŋa]), &lt;ref&gt; &quot;. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; Churchward, C.M. (1985) Tongan grammar, Oxford University Press, ISBN &lt;/ref&gt; 13] ta fito ne daga fakatonga, wanda ke nufin 'kudu', kuma ana kiran tsibirin tsibirin sab&lt;reoda ita ce rukuni mafi kudanci tsakanin kungiyoyin tsibiri na yammacin Polynesia.&lt;ref&gt;, Tony; Kennedy, Graeme, eds. (2005). &quot;Tonga&quot;. The New Zealand Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195584516.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-558451-6. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; Kalmar tonga tana da alaƙa da kalmar Hawaii ta kona ma'ana 'leeward', wanda shine asalin sunan gundumar Kona a Hawaiʻi.,&lt;ref&gt; | English – Tongan Translator&quot;. www.tongantranslator.com. Archived from the original on 29 April 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tonga ya zama sananne a Yamma a matsayin &quot;tsibirin abokantaka&quot; saboda liyafar da aka yiwa Kyaftin James Cook a ziyararsa ta farko a shekara ta 1773. Ya isa lokacin bikin 'inasi na shekara-shekara, wanda ke ba da gudummawar 'ya'yan itatuwa na farko ga Tu'i Tonga (sarkin tsibiran), don haka ya sami gayyata zuwa bukukuwan. Abin ban mamaki, a cewar marubuci William Mariner, a zahiri shugabannin siyasa sun so kashe Cook a yayin taron, amma ba su bi ta ba saboda sun kasa yarda da shirin aiwatar da shi.&lt;ref&gt;Mariner, William and Martin, John (1817). An account of the natives of the Tonga islands in the south Pacific Ocean: With an original grammar and vocabulary of their language. Compiled and arranged from the extensive communications of Mr. William Mariner, several years' resident in those islands, Volume 2, pp. 64–65 Archived 12 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 3 November 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tarihi==
Babban labarin: Tarihin Tonga

Zuwan Abel Tasman a Tongatapu, 1643; zane ta Isaack Gilsemans&lt;ref&gt;Tonga Was Never Colonised, So Why Does It Feel So Colonised?&quot;. Vice.com. 20 February 2019. Archived from the original on 3 November 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
Bisa ga tatsuniyar Tongan, gunkin Maui ya zana rukuni na tsibirai daga teku, wanda ya fara bayyana Tongatapu, da tsibiran Ha'apai da Vava'u, suka shiga cikin abin da ya zama Tonga ta zaman&lt;ref&gt;Maui's Fish Hook&quot;. Tonga Time. 9 April 2013. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;, William (1975). The hah  Great United States Exploring Expedition. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 186. ISBN 978-0520025578.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;&quot;FSM welcomed Kiribati, Nauru and Tonga to UN family&quot;. www.fsmgov.org. Archived from the original on 3 November 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; Was Never Colonised, So Why Does It Feel So Colonised?&quot;. Vice.com. 20 February 2019. Archived from the original on 3 November 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;history of the Constitution of Tonga&quot;. Australian foreign affairs record. Vol. 51, no. 11. 29 November 1980. pp. 416–419. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2023 – vira National Library of Australia.&lt;/ref&gt;
Ƙungiya mai magana da harshen Australiya da ke da alaƙa da abin da masu binciken kayan tarihi suka kira al'adun Lapita da aka rufe daga tsibirin Melanesia zuwa Samoa, sa'an nan kuma suka zauna Tonga a wani lokaci tsakanin 1500 zuwa 1000 BC.&lt;ref&gt;. Kirch, Patrick Vinton (1997) The Lapita Peoples, Wiley, ISBN 1-57718-036-4.&lt;/ref&gt; masana har yanzu suna muhawara daidai lokacin da aka fara zama na Tonga, amma thorium dating ya tabbatar da cewa mazauna sun isa garin da aka fi sani da zama, Nukuleka, ta 888 BC, ± 8 shekaru.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;High precision U/Th dating of first Polynesian settlement&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; an raba tarihin tuntuɓar na Tonga ta hanyar tarihin baka, wanda aka watsa daga tsara zuwa tsara.&lt;ref&gt;Robert Langdon (ed.) (1984), Where the whalers went: an index to the Pacific ports and islands visited by American whalers (and some other ships) in the 19th century, Canberra, Pacific Manuscripts Bureau, p. 234. ISBN 086784471X&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt; Woodcock, &quot;Tonga: The Last of the Victorians.&quot; History Today (1975) 25#1 pp. 31–39&lt;/ref&gt;
By &lt;ref&gt; women drown in Peru because of Tonga volcano&quot;. Agence France-Presse. 17 January 2022. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022 – via South China Morning Post&lt;/ref&gt;

William Mariner matashin jirgin ruwa ne ɗan ƙasar Ingila wanda aka ɗauke shi cikin dangin sarauta na Tongan.
Mutanen Tongan sun fara haduwa da Turawa ne a shekara ta  1616, lokacin da jirgin ruwan kasar Holland Eendracht, wanda kyaftin din Willem Schouten, ya kai wata gajeriyar ziyara a tsibiran da nufin yin kasuwanci. Daga baya, wasu masu binciken Dutch sun isa, ciki har da Jacob Le Maire (wanda ya ziyarci tsibirin Niuatoputapu na arewacin); da Abel Tasman (wanda ya ziyarci Tongatapu da Haʻapai) a shekara ta 1643. Daga baya manyan maziyartan Turai sun haɗa da James Cook, na Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Biritaniya, a 1773, 1774, da 1777; Mai binciken Sojan Ruwa na [[Ispaniya|Spain]] Francisco Mourelle de la Rúa a 1781; Alessandro Malaspina a shekara ta 1793; ’yan mishan na London na farko a 1797; da Ministan Methodist na Wesleyan, Reverend Walter Lawry,&lt;ref&gt;Kohn, George C. (2008). Encyclopedia of plague and pestilence: from ancient times to the present. Infobase Publishing. p. 363. ISBN 978-0-8160-6935-4. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;&quot;FSM welcomed Kiribati, Nauru and Tonga to UN family&quot;. www.fsmgov.org. Archived from the original on 3 November 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;: Tsunami waves hit Pacific country after huge underwater volcano eruption&quot;. Sky News. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Prime Minister defends Deputy's 'no sirens' reply as tsunami death toll rises to four&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;Torchinsky, Rina (18 January 2022). &quot;An undersea cable fault could cut Tonga from the rest of the world for weeks&quot;. NPR. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Alakar kasashen waje==
Karin bayani: Alakar kasashen waje ta Tonga
Matangi Tonga ya kwatanta manufofin waje na Tonga a cikin watan Janairu shekara ta 2009 a matsayin &quot;Duba Gabas&quot; - musamman, kamar kulla dangantakar diflomasiya da tattalin arziki da [[Asiya]] (wanda a zahiri ya ta'allaka ne ga arewa maso yammacin masarautar Pacific). Ya zuwa shekarar 2021, kasar Sin ta samu babban tasiri a kasar Tonga, da samar da kudaden gudanar da ayyukan more rayuwa, ciki har da sabon gidan sarauta, da kuma rike kashi biyu bisa uku na bashin kasar waje.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Six Island Nations Commit to 'Fossil Fuel-Free Pacific,' Demand Global Just Transition&quot;. www.commondreams.org. Archived from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Climate Guides – Plan Your Ideal Holiday Trip&quot;. Weather2Travel. Archived from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Climate Summary Archived 17 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine &lt;/ref&gt;
,&lt;ref&gt;Tongan Court Case Over Wrongful Imprisonment Recommences&quot;. Radio NZ. 31 July 2002. Archived from the original on 16 September 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; crowd leaves leaves trail of wreckage in Nuku'alofa&quot;. Matangitonga.to. 16 November 2006. Archived from the original on 9 June 2010. Retrieved 27 June 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Ligaiula, Pita (17 March 2023). &quot;Port Vila call for a just transition to a fossil fuel free Pacific | PINA&quot;. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;
Tonga na kula da kyakkyawar alaka da Amurka. Ko da yake ana ci gaba da kyautata dangantaka da Burtaniya, amma kasashen biyu ba sa kulla alaka ta kut da kut. Burtaniya ta rufe babbar hukumarta a Tonga a shekara ta 2006, kodayake an sake kafa ta a watan Janairun 2020 bayan shafe shekaru 14 ba ta yi ba. Dangantakar Tonga da ikon yankin Oceania, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] da [[Sabuwar Zelandiya|New Zealand]], tana da kyau.&lt;ref&gt;Luthi, Susannah (29 August 2021). &quot;Meth, Vanilla and 'Gulags': How China Has Overtaken the South Pacific One Island at a Time&quot;. Politico. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2021.,&lt;/ref&gt; ] &lt;ref&gt;Tonga's king to cede key powers&quot;. BBC News. 29 July 2008. Archived from the original on 8 February 2011. Retrieved 31 July 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;deployment to Tonga, 2006&quot;. 17 January 2012. Archived from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;
Tonga tana da alaƙar yanki mai ƙarfi a cikin Pacific. Cikakken memba ne na Dandalin Tsibirin Fasifik, Hukumar Kula da Geoscience ta Kudancin Pacific, Kungiyar Yawon shakatawa ta Kudancin Pacific, Shirin Muhalli na Yanki na Pacific, da Sakatariya na Community Pacific.&lt;ref&gt;蘋果日報 – 20120319 – 患血癌染肺炎 搶救數日無效湯加國王 駕崩瑪麗醫院. Appledaily News HK. 19 March 2012. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://weltrisikobericht.de/weltrisikobericht-2021-e/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-06-20 |archive-date=2022-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901080225/https://weltrisikobericht.de/weltrisikobericht-2021-e/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
A cikin 2023, gwamnatocin Tonga da sauran tsibiran da ke fama da sauyin yanayi (Fiji, Niue, [[Tsibiran Solomon]], Tuvalu da [[Vanuatu]]) sun ƙaddamar da &quot;Kira ta Port Vila don Adalci Canje-canje zuwa Burbushin Man Fetur Free Pacific&quot;, suna kira ga kawar da mai da kuma &quot;mai sauri kuma kawai sauyi&quot; zuwa sabunta makamashi da kuma ƙarfafa dokar namuhalli, ciki har da a ciki ecocide.&lt;ref&gt;
diplomatic community grows&quot; Archived 10 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Matangi Tonga, 12 January 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Dinerstein, Eric; et al. (2017). &quot;An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm&quot;. BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;, Gilbert S. (1996). &quot;Kingdom of Tonga: Safe Haven for Flying Foxes&quot;. Bat Conservation International. 14 (2). Archived from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;&quot;About Tonga: Tongan Bats&quot;. Tonga Charter. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Siyasa==
Babban labarin: Siyasar Tonga

Sarki George, na Tsibirin Abokai (1852)11&lt;ref&gt; ]&quot; haCooks bill puts spotlight on Pacific's anti-gay laws&quot;. RNZ News. 21 August 2017. Archived from the original on 31 July 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Societal Abuses, Discrimination, and Acts of Violence Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Tonga&quot; (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;ships that died of shame&quot;. smh.com.au. 14 January 2003. Archived from the original on 2 June 2009. Retrieved 27 June 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Tongasat&quot;. Mendosa.com. 30 December 1996. Archived from the original on 17 December 2010. Retrieved 27 June 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Robie, David (November 1996). &quot;The contempt case of the 'Tongan Three'&quot;. Pacific Journalism Review. 3 (2). Archived from the original on 24 August 2006. Retrieved 14 September 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;&quot;In Pictures: The World's Most Corrupt Countries&quot;. Forbes Magazine. 25 June 2008. Archived from the original on 2 December 2010. Retrieved 10 August 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;
Tonga sarauta ce ta tsarin mulki. Ita ce kawai sarautar 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin tsibiran Pacific (duba kuma Hawai'i). Girmama sarki ya maye gurbin wanda aka yi a ƙarni na farko ga babban sarki mai tsarki, Tu'i Tonga. Ana zargin sarkin ya sabawa al'ada da da'a na Tongan. Tonga tana ba wa 'yan ƙasarta ilimi kyauta kuma na wajibi ga kowa, karatun sakandare tare da kuɗaɗen ƙima, da tallafin karatu daga ƙasashen waje don karatun gaba da sakandare.
&lt;ref&gt;iSite Interactive Limited. &quot;No Govt Support Blamed for Airline Collapse&quot;. Islands Business. Archived from the original on 1 July 2009. Retrieved 27 June 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Port Vila call to phase out fossil fuels&quot;. RNZ. 22 March 2023. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;Euromoney Country Risk&quot;. Euromoney Institutional Investor PLC. Archived from the original on 30 July 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
A yanzu haka kasashen Silaland da Ostireliya na nuna damuwa game da wasu ayyukan gwamnatin Tongan.
&lt;ref&gt;Articles:Listing Tonga&quot;. Tobacco.org. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;
Bayan bin ƙa'idodin Sarauniya Sālote da shawarwarin masu ba da shawara na duniya da yawa, gwamnatin Tonga a ƙarƙashin Sarki Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV (wanda ya yi sarauta 1965-2006) ya ba da kuɗin tattalin arziki, ya ba da damar tsarin kiwon lafiya da na ilimi, kuma ya ba da damar jama'a don haɓaka nau'ikan arziƙin abin duniya (gidaje, motoci, da dai sauransu), tafiye-tafiye, tafiye-tafiye, ilimi da sauran suha
Luwadi namiji haramun ne a Tonga,,,&lt;ref&gt; &quot;Societal Abuses, Discrimination, and Acts of Violence Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Tonga&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; tare da hukuncin daurin shekaru 10 a gidan yari,&lt;ref&gt; Articles:Listing Tonga&quot;. Property Tonga. Archived from the original on 16 December 2016. Retrieved 20 September 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; anma ba a aiwatar da doka ba[34]. Tongans suna da damar yin amfani da tsarin kula da lafiya na ƙasa baki ɗaya. Kundin tsarin mulkin Tonga ya kare ikon mallakar filaye; Ba za a iya sayar da fili ga baƙi (ko da yake ana iya yin hayar). &lt;ref&gt;Tonga's king tricked by Korean sea water to natural gas scam[usurped]. michaelfield.org (December 1997).&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Tonga : In Depth : History&quot;,&lt;/ref&gt;
===Soja===
Babban labarin: Ayyukan Tsaro na Tonga
Gwamnatin Tongan ta goyi bayan matakin &quot;haɗin kai na son rai&quot; na Amurka a Iraki tare da tura sojoji fiye da 40 (a matsayin wani ɓangare na sojojin Amurka) a ƙarshen 2004. Tawagar ta koma gida a ranar 17 ga Disamba 2004.&lt;ref&gt; Tongan Marines return safely for Christmas&quot;. Matangi Tonga. 21 December 2004. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2007, tawaga ta biyu ta je Iraki, kuma an aika da wasu biyu a cikin 2008 a matsayin wani bangare na ci gaba da goyon bayan kawancen. An kammala shigar da ƙasar Tongan a ƙarshen 2008 ba tare da rahotonh an  asarar rayuka ba.
&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Tongan Marines return safely for Christmas&quot;. Matangi Tonga. 21 December 2004. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2023&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Tongan troops to work with UK and other ISAF forces in Afghanistan&quot;. Ministry of Defence. 22 September 2010. Archived from the original on 3 April 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
A shekara ta 2010, Birgediya Janar Tau`aika `Uta`atu, kwamandan rundunar tsaro ta Tonga, ya sanya hannu a wata yarjejeniya a birnin [[Landan]], inda ya sanya akalla dakaru 200 aiki tare da dakarun Biritaniya na Taimakon Tsaro a Afganistan. An kammala aikin a watan Afrilun 2014, kuma Birtaniya ta ba da lambar yabo ta Ayyukan Ayyuka ga kowane sojan da ke da hannu yayin wani fareti da aka gudanar a Tonga.&lt;ref&gt;Population Census 2006: Population size, Trend, Distribution and Structure, Tonga Department of Statistics&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;Divisions of Tonga Archived 2 Novemb/ref&gt;er 2013 at the Wayback Machine&lt;, Statoids.com&lt;/ref&gt;
Tonga ya ba da gudummawar sojoji da 'yan sanda a rikicin Bougainville a Papua New Guinea da kuma rundunar RAMSI karkashin jagorancin Australia a tsibirin Solomon.

Bangaren gudanarwa
Ƙarin bayani: sassan gudanarwa na Tonga
Tonga ya kasu kashi biyar na gudanarwa: `Eua, Ha`apai, Niuas, Tongatapu, da Vava`u.[&lt;ref&gt;Population Census 2006: Population size, Trend, Distribution and Structure, Tonga Department of Statistics&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;
Divisions of Tonga Archived 2 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Statoids.com&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ilimin halittu===
Tonga ya ƙunshi dazuzzuka masu zafi masu zafi na Tongan.&lt;ref&gt;Dinerstein, Eric; et al. (2017). &quot;An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm&quot;. BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;Grant, Gilbert S. (1996). &quot;Kingdom of Tonga: Safe Haven for Flying Foxes&quot;. Bat Conservation International. 14 (2). Archived from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
A Tonga, tun daga almara na Tongan, ana ɗaukar jemagu masu tashi da tsarki kuma su ne mallakar masarauta. Don haka, ana kiyaye su kuma ba za a iya cutar da su ko farauta ba. Sakamakon haka, jemagu masu yawo sun bunƙasa a yawancin tsibiran Tonga.[&lt;ref&gt;About Tonga: Tongan Bats&quot;. Tonga Charter. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;About Tonga: Tongan Bats&quot;. Tonga Charter. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;


Wattled mai cin zuma a Tonga
Rayuwar [[tsuntsu]] na Tonga sun haɗa da jimlar shekarun 73, waɗanda biyu suke matuƙar kyau, na wonan wnistler da na Tongan. Mutane sun bullo da nau'ikan nau'ikan guda biyar, kuma takwas ba kasafai ba ne ko kuma na bazata. Dabbobi bakwai suna fuskantar barazana a duniya.

==Tattalin Arziki==
Babban labarin: Tattalin Arzikin Tonga

tsabar kudin Tongan cent daya (seniti taha).
&lt;ref&gt;Ellicott, Karen, ed. (2006). Countries of the world and their leaders yearbook 2007. Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson Gale. p. 1873. ISBN 978-0-7876-8103-6.&lt;/ref&gt;
Nuku Island, Vava'u
Tattalin arzikin Tonga yana da babban ɓangaren da ba na kuɗi ba da kuma dogaro mai yawa akan kuɗin da aka tura daga rabin al'ummar ƙasar da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje (musamman a Ostiraliya, New Zealand, da Amurka). Iyalan sarauta da manyan mutane ne suka mamaye kuma galibi sun mallaki sashin kuɗi na tattalin arziƙi - musamman harkokin sadarwa da sabis na tauraron dan adam. Mujallar Forbes ta nada Tonga a matsayin kasa ta shida a cikin cin hanci da rashawa a duniya a shekarar 2008.&lt;ref&gt;: The World's Most Corrupt Countries&quot;. Forbes Magazine. 25 June 2008. Archived from the original on 2 December 2010. Retrieved 10 August 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tonga ya kasance wuri na 165th mafi aminci ga saka hannun jari a duniya a cikin Maribgss 2011 Euromoney Country Risk martaba.&lt;ref&gt;Euromoney Country Risk&quot;. Euromoney Institutional Investor PLC. Archived from the original on 30 July 2011. Retrieved 15 August &lt;/ref&gt;

Bangaren masana'antu ya ƙunshi sana'o'in hannu da wasu ƙananan masana'antu, waɗanda ke ba da gudummawar kusan kashi 5% na GDP.&lt;ref&gt;Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP) – Tonga&quot;. World Bank. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Noma==
A Tonga, noma da gandun daji (tare da kamun kifi) suna samar da mafi yawan ayyukan yi, samun kuɗin waje, da abinci.[&lt;ref&gt; Background Note: Tonga Archived 25 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, US Department of State, 31 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;to] Mutanen Tongan na karkara sun dogara ga aikin noma da noma. Tsire-tsire da ake nomawa don amfanin gonakin kuɗi na kasuwa da amfanin gida sun haɗa da ayaba, kwakwa, wake kofi, wake vanilla, da kuma tushen amfanin gona irin su rogo, dankalin turawa, da Taro. Ya zuwa 2001, kashi biyu bisa uku na ƙasar noma tana cikin tushen amfanin gona.&lt;ref&gt;Hinz, Earl R. &amp; Howard, Jim (2006). Landfalls of Paradise: Cruising Guide to the Pacific Islands. University of Hawaii Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-8248-3037-3. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;Paradise Lost, Tonga Mired in Poverty&quot;. Jakarta Globe. 18 April 2012. Archived from the original on 4 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Kunzel, W. (1989), Agroforestry in Tonga: A Traditional Source for Development of Sustainable Farming Systems, Occasional Paper 12, Armidale, New South Wales: South Pacific Smallholder Project, University of New England&lt;/ref&gt;
Yin sarrafa kwakwa zuwa cikin kwakwa da busasshiyar (bushe) kwakwa ya taɓa kasancewa babbar masana'anta, kuma kawai fitarwar kasuwanci. Tabarbarewar farashi a kasuwannin duniya da rashin sake dasa shi ya kawo wannan masana'antar da ta taɓa yin ƙwazo, kamar yadda a yawancin ƙasashen tsibiran Kudancin Pacific, suka tsaya cik.
,&lt;ref&gt;, S. M. &amp; Halavatau, N. V. (2001), Food Security Strategies for the Kingdom of Tonga (PDF), Working Paper number 57, United Nations Centre for Alleviation of Poverty Through Secondary Crops' Development in Asia and the Pacific (CAPSA), archived (PDF) from the original on 10 September 2015&lt;/ref&gt;
Alade da kaji sune manyan nau'ikan dabbobi. Ana ajiye dawakai ne don daftarin dalilai, da farko ta manoman da ke aiki ʻapi ʻuta (filin daji); ko da yake naman ma ana sha’awar&lt;ref&gt;Halavatau, S. M. &amp; Halavatau, N. V. (2001), Food Security Strategies for the Kingdom of Tonga (PDF), Working Paper number 57, United Nations Centre for Alleviation of Poverty Through Secondary Crops' Development in Asia and the Pacific (CAPSA), archived (PDF) from the original on 10 September 2015&lt;/ref&gt; Ana kara kiwon shanu, kuma shigo da naman sa yana raguwa&lt;ref&gt;Ellicott, Karen, ed. (2006). Countries of the world and their leaders yearbook 2007. Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson Gale. p. 1873. ISBN 978-0-7876-8103-6.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;Halavatau, S. M. &amp; Halavatau, N. V. (2001), Food Security Strategies for the Kingdom of Tonga (PDF), Working Paper number 57, United Nations Centre for Alleviation of Poverty Through Secondary Crops' Development in Asia and the Pacific (CAPSA), archived (PDF) from the original on 10 September&lt;/ref&gt; ] .[&lt;ref&gt;Ellicott, Karen, ed. (2006). Countries of the world and their leaders yearbook 2007. Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson Gale. p. 1873. ISBN 978-0-7876-8103-6.,&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Rejects from squash production exceeded 30%. Halavatau, S. M. &amp; Hausia, S. F. (2000), Small Farmer Participation in Export Production: Kingdom of Tonga Case Studies, Apia, Samoa: FAO Regional Workshop on Small Farmer Participation in Export Production in the Pacific Islands&lt;/ref&gt;

==Makamashi==
Makamashi a Tonga galibi yana fitowa ne daga dizal da ake shigowa da shi.&lt;ref&gt;FP090 Tonga Renewable Energy Project under the Pacific Islands Renewable Energy Investment Program&quot;. Green Climate Fund. 20 October 2018. Archived from the original on 30 August 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; An yi hasashen amfani da makamashi a Tonga zai kai kusan awanni gigawatt 66 nan da shekarar 2020.&lt;ref&gt; Tonga on track to reach renewable energy target&quot;. PCREEE. 15 February 2019. Archived from the original on 30 August 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; ta yi niyyar kaiwa kashi 50% na makamashin da ake sabuntawa nan da shekarar 2020.&lt;ref&gt; Pacific's naBiggest Solar Plant to Help Tonga Meet Renewable Energy Target&quot;. Asian Development Bank. 21 March 2019. Archived from the original on 30 August 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2019, Tonga ta ba da sanarwar gina wata gonar hasken rana mai ƙarfin megawatt 6 a Tongatapu.&lt;ref&gt; Pacific's Biggest Solar Plant to Help Tonga Meet Renewable Energy Target&quot;. Asian Development Bank. 21 March 2019. Archived from the original on 30 August 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Alkaluma==
Babban labarin: Alƙaluman jama'a na Tonga

Yawan jama'ar Tonga (1961-2003) cikin dubbai
Sama da kashi 70% na mazaunan 106,017&lt;ref&gt; World Population Prospects 2022&quot;. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs&lt;/ref&gt; zaune a babban tsibiri, Tongatapu. Ko da yake yawan mutanen Tongan sun ƙaura zuwa cikin birni da cibiyar kasuwanci ɗaya tilo, Nukuʻalofa, inda al'adun Turai da na 'yan asali suka haɗu, dangantakar ƙauye da dangi na da tasiri a duk faɗin ƙasar. Duk da ƙaura, Tonga ta ƙaru daga kusan 32,000 a cikin 1930s zuwa fiye da 90,000 ta 1976.&lt;ref&gt;Tonga: Migration and the Homeland&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyoyin kabilanci
Ƙungiyoyin ƙabilanci a Tonga
Ƙungiyoyin ƙabilun kashi
Tongan	
 
97.03%
Kashi na Tongan	
 
0.79%
Sinanci	
 
0.73%
Fijiyan	
 
0.3%
Bature	
 
0.25%
Indo-Fijian	
 
0.12%
Wani dan tsibirin Pacific	
 
0.2%
Sauran Asiya	
 
0.19%
Sauran	
 
0.37%
Ba a bayyana ba	
 
&lt;ref&gt; Editorial: Racist moves will rebound on Tonga&quot; Archived 7 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine, New Zealand Herald, 23 November 2001&lt;/ref&gt; rikici  Nukuʻalofa na shekarar 2006 ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan harkokin kasuwanci mallakar kasar Sin, wanda ya kai ga yin hijira na Sinawa daruruwa&lt;ref&gt;Flight chartered to evacuate Chinese in Tonga&quot; Archived 2 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine, ABC News, 22 November 2006&lt;/ref&gt; ta yadda kusan 300 suka ragu.&lt;ref&gt;Yang, Jian (2011). &quot;China's World Wide Web: Overseas Chinese in the South Pacific&quot;. The Pacific Islands in China's Grand Strategy. pp. 105–125. doi:10.1057/9780230339750_8. ISBN 978-1-349-29497-8.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Harsuna==
Tongan shine harshen hukuma, [7] tare da Ingilishi. Tongan yaren Polynesia ne na reshen Tongic don haka yana da alaƙa da sauran harsunan reshen Tongic, waɗanda su ne: Niuean da Niuafo'ouan. Tongan yana da alaƙa da sauran harsunan Polynesia kamar Hawaiian, Samoan, Māori, da Tahitian, da sauransu.43&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Tonga Population 2021 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)&quot;. worldpopulationreview.com. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ilimi==
Babban labarin: Ilimi a Tonga
Ilimin firamare tsakanin shekaru 6 zuwa 14 wajibi ne kuma kyauta a makarantun jiha. Makarantun manufa suna bayar da kusan kashi 8% na makarantun firamare da kashi 90% na matakin sakandare. Makarantun jaha sun cika sauran. Manyan ilimi sun hada da horar da malamai, aikin jinya, da koyar da aikin likitanci, karamar jami'a mai zaman kanta, kwalejin kasuwanci ta mata, da wasu makarantun aikin gona masu zaman kansu. Yawancin matakan ilimi ana bin su a
,&lt;ref&gt;Constitution of Tonga (Revised 1988)&quot;. parliament.gov.to. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Tonga 2011 Census of Population and Housing&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

==ƙasashen waje==
&lt;ref&gt;Tonga&quot;. U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;
Tongans suna jin daɗin ingantaccen matakin ilimi, tare da ƙimar karatun 98.9%, &lt;ref&gt; Tonga&quot;. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; da ilimi mafi girma har zuwa kuma gami da digiri na likitanci da digiri na biyu (wanda ake bi galibi a ƙasashen waje). Suna ɗaukar nauyin ilimin ilimi da malamansu suka ƙirƙira da kuma tarin Kukū Kaunaka, wanda ya haɗa da kowane digiri na digiri da digiri na biyu da kowane Tongan ya rubuta a kowace ƙasa Seu'ula Johansson-Fua ne ya adana shi a Cibiyar Ilimi a Tonga.&lt;ref&gt;Archived&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Tonga Population 2021 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)&quot;. worldpopulationreview.com. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;Tonga&quot;. U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;Watson, Katy (18 January 2016). &quot;How mutton flaps are killing Tonga&quot;. BBC News Online. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hijira==
Tongan na zamani galibi suna da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da ƙasashen ketare. Yawancin mutanen Tongan sun yi ƙaura zuwa Ostiraliya, New Zealand, ko Amurka don neman aiki da mafi girman matsayin rayuwa.
&lt;ref&gt;Mark Henderson (18 February 2008) Welcome to the town that will make you lose weight . Times Online. &lt;rwww.timesonline.co.uk&lt;/ref&gt;
A cikin 2018, Tongans 82,389 sun rayu a New Zealand.[&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Tongan ethnic group&quot;. 2018 census ethnic group summaries – Tonga. Statis has hstics New Zealand. Archived from the original on 25October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; Zealand's population reflects growing diversity | Stats NZ&quot;. www.stats.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 2 August 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; jaYa zuwa 2000, Tongas 36,840 suna zaune a Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;Helen Morton Lee (2003). Tongans Overseas: Between Two Shores. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-2615-4.&lt;/ref&gt; Fiye da mutanen h sh sbBsbTonga 8,000 suna zaune a Ostiraliya.&lt;ref&gt; &quot;The ties that bind: stories from the Tongan diaspora&quot;. ABC. 2 May 2009. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;  waje na Tongan suna da kusanci da dangi a gida, &lt;ref&gt; Tonga's Proud Diaspora Confronts Daunting Challenge of Disaster Response&quot;. The New York Times. 28 January 2022. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;  wani muhimmin kaso na kudin shiga na Tonga yana samuwa daga kudade &lt;ref&gt;Hannah Huidan Lin (January 2011). Determinants of Remittances: Evidence from Tonga (PDF) (Report). International Monetary Fund. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2021. Remittances are important to Tonga. Over the past decade, remittances as a share of GDP in Tonga have varied between 30 and 55 percent, with an average of around 45 percent&lt;/ref&gt; ] &lt;ref&gt;Remittances for November 2020&quot;. reservebank.to. Reserve Bank of Tonga. 5 February 2021. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2021. Over the year to November 2020, private transfer receipts rose significantly by $33.5 million (10.5%) supporting the higher annual movement of total remittance receipts. Although economies abroad have been heavily disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, Tongan families abroad continue to provide financial support to their loved ones in Tonga.&lt;/ref&gt; ga dangin dangi (sau da yawa shekaru) waɗanda suka fi son ci gaba da zama a Tonga.
&lt;ref&gt;Watson, Katy (18 January 2016). &quot;How mutton flaps are killing Tonga&quot;. BBC News Online. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Welcome to the town that will make you lose weight&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tonga}}
[[Category:Ƙasashen Oseaniya]]</text>
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      <comment>Restored revision 566778 by [[Special:Contributions/Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[en:w:User:BrandonXLF/Restorer|Restorer]])</comment>
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'''Tapiwa Gambura''' ta kasance marubuciya ce sannan Kuma tana daukar foto (wato photographer). Kuma An haife tane a [[Johannesburg]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Al'adu na daya daga cikin abin da aikin ta yake haskawa wajen yin hasashen halin da Africa zata tsnci kanta a cikin a karni na ashiri da daya. Bayan rubutu, Tapiwa ta kasance jaruma a masana'antar fina-finai kuma mawakiya ce. Sannan ta bada muhimmiyar gudun mawa a fannin adabi a Africa. Wasu ayyukan da tayi ya taimaka wajen yaduwar sunan ta har ta samu dama aka gayyaceta tattaunawa a Independent Zimbabwe organization a shekara ta 2015 da kuma 2017.

Ta karbi kyaututtuka da dama daga National institute Of Allied Act da suka shafi rubutu da kuma wasan kwaykwayo. Tapiwa ta yi imani da cewa zata yi amfani da baiwar ta wajen bada gudunmawa ga mutanen yankin nahiyar Afrika.

==Manazarta==
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[[File:DJA_with_King_Sunny_Ade.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|DJA tare da King Sunny Ade]]
'''Sunday Adeniyi Adegeye''' (an haife shi a 22 Satumba 1946), anfi saninsa da '''King Sunny Adé''', ya kasance [[Dan Najeriya|dan' Najeriya]] ne, mawakin [[Wakar Jùjú|jùjú]], marubucin waka kuma mai kide-kide.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/king-sunny-ade-juju-legend-launches-radio-station-photos/h111tme|title=King Sunny Ade: Juju legend launches radio station|publisher=Pulse News|accessdate=3 November 2019|archive-date=16 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316100912/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/king-sunny-ade-juju-legend-launches-radio-station-photos/h111tme|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana daukar sa amatsayin n'a farko daga acikin mawakan [[Wakar African pop|African pop]] da suka samu nasara a duniya, kuma ana ganin shi mawakin da yafi a Afrika na kowane lokaci.&lt;ref&gt;Gini Gorlinski, ''The 100 Most Influential Musicians of All Time'' {{ISBN|978-1-61530-006-8}}, Publisher: Rosen Education Service (January 2010)&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:KALETA WORLD MUSIC PRODUCER EX FELA KUTI AND KING SUNNY ADE COHORT.jpg|thumb|Sunny Ade]]
Adé ya kafa nashi kamfanin Wakar a 1967, wanda da fari ya kira da African Beats. Bayan nasarori a [[Najeriya]] a shekarun 1970s da kafa tashi [[independent label]], Adé ya sanya hannu da [[Island Records]] a 1982 kuma ya samu nasara a duniya da fitar da albums ''[[Juju Music]]'' (1982) da kuma ''[[Synchro System]]'' (1983); na karshen tasa yasamu gabatarwa a [[Grammy Award|Grammy]], na farko da wani daga Najeriya ya fara samu. A 1998 album dinsa ''[[Odu (album)|Odu]]'' itama ta samar masa da gabatarwa a Grammy. Adé ayanzu yana rike ne da mukamin Babban Shugaba na Musical Copyright Society of Nigeria.

==Manazarta==
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[[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]]
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[[Category:Haifaffun 1946]]</text>
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    <title>Aliyu Muhammad Gusau</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359511169|Aliyu Mohammed Gusau]]&quot;</comment>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Hatnote/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 

'''Aliyu Mohammed Gusau''' (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Mayu 1943) janar ne kuma ɗan siyasan Najeriya. Ya rike mukamai da dama na tsaro, soji da kuma na leken asiri, kuma ya shiga cikin juyin mulkin soja da dama, inda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa [[Jamhuriyar Najeriya ta hudu|jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya]] .

Kwanan nan ya kasance Ministan Tsaro, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Mai Ba da Shawara kan Tsaron Kasa ga shugabannin ƙasa uku; ya kuma kasance Babban Hafsan Sojoji a lokacin [[Ernest Shonekan]] da kuma na ɗan lokaci a gwamnatin [[Sani Abacha]], ya jagoranci hukumomin leƙen asiri daban-daban, kuma ya kasance kwamandan [[Jami'ar Tsaron Najeriya|Kwalejin Tsaron Najeriya]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Auduson |first=Ibrahim |date=9 March 2010 |title=The Return of General Aliyu Gusau |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201003090494.html |access-date=21 April 2010 |website=Daily Trust |via=[[allAfrica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Zamfara]]
[[Rukuni:Musulman Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]]</text>
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[[File:Nigeria Jigawa State map.png|thumb|taswirar jihar Jigawa a cikin taswirar Nijeriya]]
'''Mohammed Badaru Abubakar'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-09-27 |title=The Governor Jigawa state |url=https://www.jigawastate.gov.ng/governor.php |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=Jigawa State Government |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; (MON) (An haife shi ne a [[Babura]] a ranar 29 ga watan Satumban, shekara ta alif (1962) Miladiyya.(A.c). ya kasance shi ne na huɗu da aka zaɓa Gwamnan [[Jigawa|Jihar Jigawa]] a [[Nijeriya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;leadership1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Nwamu |first=Aniebo |url=http://leadership.ng/news/425443/inec-declares-apcs-badaru-abubakar-winner-of-jigawa-guber-poll |title=INEC Declares APC's Badaru Abubakar Winner Of Jigawa Guber Poll &amp;#124; |location=AB-NG |publisher=Leadership.ng |date=2015-04-13 |accessdate=2015-05-11 |archive-date=2015-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529112042/http://leadership.ng/news/425443/inec-declares-apcs-badaru-abubakar-winner-of-jigawa-guber-poll |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ekiti 2022: No aspirant boycotted APC primaries, says Badaru - |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ekiti-2022-no-aspirant-boycotted-apc-primaries-says-badaru/amp/ |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=thenationonlineng.net|date=29 January 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Shine Shugaban kwamitin Shugaban kasa kan bayar da tallafin takin zamani sannan kuma Shugaban Kwamitin Shugaban kasa kan Harajin Man Fetur.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Governor - Jigawa State Government |url=https://www.jigawastate.gov.ng/governor.php |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=www.jigawastate.gov.ng |archive-date=2022-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927201432/https://www.jigawastate.gov.ng/governor.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
[[Fayil:Mohammed Badaru Abubakar 2023.jpg|thumb|Mohammed Badaru Abubakar a shekarar 2023]]
Abubakar ya kammala karatunsa a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]], [[Zariya]] Inda kuma ya samu digiri na B.Sc Accounting. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=|first=|url=http://www.nigerianbiography.com/2015/04/biography-of-mohammed-abubakar-badaru.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519130922/http://www.nigerianbiography.com/2015/04/biography-of-mohammed-abubakar-badaru.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 May 2015 |title=Biography of Mohammed Abubakar Badaru |publisher=Nigerian Biography |date=2015-04-24 |accessdate=2015-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayin da yake karatu a Jami'ar, ya shiga cikin gwagwarmayar al'umma, wasanni da kasuwanci.  Haka kuma Badaru tsohon dalibi ne a Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Kasa da Nazari (NIPSS) da ke Kuru.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nipsskuru.gov.ng/?page_id=767 |title=National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies, Kuru. Nigeria » Previous Participants |publisher=Nipsskuru.gov.ng |date= |accessdate=2015-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aiki a matsayin mai masana'antu ==
Bayan kammala karatunsa ya kafa kasuwancinsa,Kungiyar Talamiz, wata kungiya wacce ke da sha'awar motoci,masana'antu,noma da kiwo, da kuma rarraba kayan masarufi.

== Aiki a siyasa ==
Abubakar ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na II na Tarayyar Chamberungiyar  Kasuwancin Afirka ta Yamma  kuma ɗan ƙungiyar  Accountants na ƙasa a Nijeriya .  Kafin wannan, ya kasance memba na Majalisar Kula da Kyauta ta Ƙasa .

Badaru a yanzu shi ne Shugaban kungiyar sashe na Kasuwanci, Masana’antu, Ma’adanai da Noma dake Najeriya .  Ya kuma kasance dan takarar gwamna na jam'iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria amma ya sha kaye a hannun [[Sule Lamido]] . Abubakar ya kuma tsaya takarar gwamna a karkashin [[All Progressives Congress|inuwar jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] a shekara ta 2015 tare da dan takarar jam'iyyar PDP Mal. Aminu Ibrahim Ringim. Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa a ranar 13 ga watan  Afrilun shekara ta 2015, ta ayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben. 

A ranar 9 ga watan Maris din shekarar 2019 a zaben gwamnan jihar Jigawa, an sake zaben Badaru a matsayin gwamna bayan ya samu kuri’u 810,933, dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]], PDP, Aminu Ibrahim Ringim ya samu 288,356 yayin da dan takarar jam’iyyar Social Democratic Party, SDP, Bashir Adamu Jumbo ya samu kuri’u 32,894, wanda hakan yasa ya zama zakaran zaben. 

== Kyauta ==
Saboda karramawa da [[Jahun|kwazo, ayyukan alheri]],an ba Abubakar sarauta ta Sardaunan Ringim a masarautar [[Ringim]] da Walin [[Jahun]] a masarautun masarautar Dutse.Har ila yau,Shugaban Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Nijeriya ya ba shi lambar girmamawa ta Member Of The Order Of Niger (MON).

== Duba sauran wasu abubuwan ==

* Jerin sunayen gwamnonin jihar Jigawa

== Manazarta ==

== Hanyoyin haɗin waje ==
• [https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/gov-badaru-appoints-special-assistants-for-his-wives-streetlight-in-jigawa.html Badaru ya nada mataimaki na musamman ga matar titi a Jigawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208223607/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/gov-badaru-appoints-special-assistants-for-his-wives-streetlight-in-jigawa.html |date=2019-12-08 }} Daily Trust Nigeria.

[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Yan siyasar Najeriya]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1962]]
[[Category:Mutane daga Jihar Jigawa]]</text>
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[[File:Nigeria Jigawa State map.png|thumb|taswirar jihar Jigawa a cikin taswirar Nijeriya]]
'''Mohammed Badaru Abubakar'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-09-27 |title=The Governor Jigawa state |url=https://www.jigawastate.gov.ng/governor.php |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=Jigawa State Government |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; (MON) (An haife shi ne a [[Babura]] a ranar 29 ga watan Satumban, shekara ta alif (1962) Miladiyya.(A.c). ya kasance shi ne na huɗu da aka zaɓa Gwamnan [[Jigawa|Jihar Jigawa]] a [[Nijeriya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;leadership1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Nwamu |first=Aniebo |url=http://leadership.ng/news/425443/inec-declares-apcs-badaru-abubakar-winner-of-jigawa-guber-poll |title=INEC Declares APC's Badaru Abubakar Winner Of Jigawa Guber Poll &amp;#124; |location=AB-NG |publisher=Leadership.ng |date=2015-04-13 |accessdate=2015-05-11 |archive-date=2015-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529112042/http://leadership.ng/news/425443/inec-declares-apcs-badaru-abubakar-winner-of-jigawa-guber-poll |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ekiti 2022: No aspirant boycotted APC primaries, says Badaru - |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ekiti-2022-no-aspirant-boycotted-apc-primaries-says-badaru/amp/ |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=thenationonlineng.net|date=29 January 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Shine Shugaban kwamitin Shugaban kasa kan bayar da tallafin takin zamani sannan kuma Shugaban Kwamitin Shugaban kasa kan Harajin Man Fetur.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Governor - Jigawa State Government |url=https://www.jigawastate.gov.ng/governor.php |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=www.jigawastate.gov.ng |archive-date=2022-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927201432/https://www.jigawastate.gov.ng/governor.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
[[Fayil:Mohammed Badaru Abubakar 2023.jpg|thumb|Mohammed Badaru Abubakar a shekarar 2023]]
Abubakar ya kammala karatunsa a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]], [[Zariya]] Inda kuma ya samu digiri na B.Sc Accounting. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=|first=|url=http://www.nigerianbiography.com/2015/04/biography-of-mohammed-abubakar-badaru.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519130922/http://www.nigerianbiography.com/2015/04/biography-of-mohammed-abubakar-badaru.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 May 2015 |title=Biography of Mohammed Abubakar Badaru |publisher=Nigerian Biography |date=2015-04-24 |accessdate=2015-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayin da yake karatu a Jami'ar, ya shiga cikin gwagwarmayar al'umma, wasanni da kasuwanci.  Haka kuma Badaru tsohon dalibi ne a Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Kasa da Nazari (NIPSS) da ke Kuru.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nipsskuru.gov.ng/?page_id=767 |title=National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies, Kuru. Nigeria » Previous Participants |publisher=Nipsskuru.gov.ng |date= |accessdate=2015-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aiki a matsayin mai masana'antu ==
Bayan kammala karatunsa ya kafa kasuwancinsa,Kungiyar Talamiz, wata kungiya wacce ke da sha'awar motoci,masana'antu,noma da kiwo, da kuma rarraba kayan masarufi.

== Aiki a siyasa ==
Abubakar ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na II na Tarayyar Chamberungiyar  Kasuwancin Afirka ta Yamma  kuma ɗan ƙungiyar  Accountants na ƙasa a Nijeriya .  Kafin wannan, ya kasance memba na Majalisar Kula da Kyauta ta Ƙasa .

Badaru a yanzu shi ne Shugaban kungiyar sashe na Kasuwanci, Masana’antu, Ma’adanai da Noma dake Najeriya .  Ya kuma kasance dan takarar gwamna na jam'iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria amma ya sha kaye a hannun [[Sule Lamido]] . Abubakar ya kuma tsaya takarar gwamna a karkashin [[All Progressives Congress|inuwar jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] a shekara ta 2015 tare da dan takarar jam'iyyar PDP Mal. Aminu Ibrahim Ringim. Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa a ranar 13 ga watan  Afrilun shekara ta 2015, ta ayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben. 

A ranar 9 ga watan Maris din shekarar 2019 a zaɓen gwamnan jihar Jigawa, an sake zaben Badaru a matsayin gwamna bayan ya samu kuri’u 810,933, dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]], PDP, Aminu Ibrahim Ringim ya samu 288,356 yayin da dan takarar jam’iyyar Social Democratic Party, SDP, Bashir Adamu Jumbo ya samu kuri’u 32,894, wanda hakan yasa ya zama zakaran zaben. 

== Kyauta ==
Saboda karramawa da [[Jahun|kwazo, ayyukan alheri]],an ba Abubakar sarauta ta Sardaunan Ringim a masarautar [[Ringim]] da Walin [[Jahun]] a masarautun masarautar Dutse.Har ila yau,Shugaban Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Nijeriya ya ba shi lambar girmamawa ta Member Of The Order Of Niger (MON).

== Duba sauran wasu abubuwan ==

* Jerin sunayen gwamnonin jihar Jigawa

== Manazarta ==

== Hanyoyin haɗin waje ==
• [https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/gov-badaru-appoints-special-assistants-for-his-wives-streetlight-in-jigawa.html Badaru ya nada mataimaki na musamman ga matar titi a Jigawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208223607/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/gov-badaru-appoints-special-assistants-for-his-wives-streetlight-in-jigawa.html |date=2019-12-08 }} Daily Trust Nigeria.

[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Yan siyasar Najeriya]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1962]]
[[Category:Mutane daga Jihar Jigawa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Huɗuba</title>
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        <username>Baffa ali</username>
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[[File:Friday_prayers.jpg|thumb| Masu ibada suna sauraron Khutbah, wanda wani [[Liman|malami ya gabatar]] a [[Dar es Salaam|Dar es Salam]]]]. 
'''Khutbah''' ( {{Lang-ar|خطبة}} Hausa:Huɗuba), tana nufin dukkan wata nasiha ko fadakarwa don wa'azantar da jama'a a cikin al'adun [[Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj|Musulunci.]] A kasari ana yin Huɗuba a Masallaci ranar juma'a, sallar idi biyu da sauran wuraren da akasamu Annabi Muhammad  (SAW) yayi.
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Khutbah_Idul_Fitri.jpg|Hudubar Eid Al-Fitr
File:Ali_Khamenei_in_a_Tehran%27s_Jumu%27ah_(Friday_Praying)_-_1981.jpg|Ali Khamenei na huduba bayan Sallar Juma'ar Tehran - 1981
&lt;/gallery&gt;[[Hudubar Bankwana|Hudubar bankwana]] (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada’) Ta Annabi Muhammad Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama 632&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;From THREE IMPORTANT ADDRESSES OF THE HOLY PROPHET (SAW), by Islamic Research Institute Islambad Pakistan&lt;/ref&gt;

Wannan Huduba Shugabanmu Annabi Muhammad (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ya yi ta ce a ranar 9 ga watan Zul-Hajji, shekara ta 10 Bayan Hijira daidai da 6 Ga Watan Maris shekara ta 632 Miladiyya a Dutsen Arfa kuma ita ce hudubarsa ta karshe a ga dimbin Musulmin da suka fito daga sassan duniya suka halarci aikin Hajji tare da shi a Hajjinsa na karshe:&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

Godiya ta tabbata ga Allah, muna gode masa, muna neman taimakon Sa, muna neman gafarar Sa, muna tuba gare Shi. Muna neman tsarin Allah daga sharrukan kawunanmu da munanan ayyukanmu, wanda Allah Ya shiryar babu mai batar da shi, wanda kuma Ya batar babu mai shiryar da shi. Na shaida babu abin bautawa da gaskiya sai Allah, Shi kadai Yake ba Ya da abokin tarayya a gare Shi, mulki nasa ne kuma godiya tasa ce, Yana rayawa, Yana kashewa, kuma Shi a kan dukan komai Mai iko ne.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

Babu abin bautawa da gaskiya sai Allah Shi kadai, Ya cika alkawarin Sa, Ya taimaki bawan Sa, kuma ya ruguza rundunoni Shi kadanSa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

Ya ku mutane! Ku saurari maganata, domin mai yiwuwa ba zan sake kasancewa tare da ku a wannan wuri ba, kuma ba zan yi Hajji ba a bayan wannan shekara tawa. Ya ku mutane! Lallai Allah Madaukaki Yana cewa: “Ya ku mutane! Lallai ne Mu, Mun halicce ku daga namiji da mace, kuma Muka sanya ku dangogi da kabilu, domin ku san juna. Lallai mafificinku daraja a wurin Allah, shine wanda yake mafifincinku a takawa.” Don haka Balarabe ba ya da fiffiko a kan Ba’ajame, ( Wanda Ba Balarabe ba ) haka Ba’ajame ba ya da fiffiko a kan Balarabe, haka baki ba ya da fiffiko a kan fari, fari ba ya da fiffiko a kan baki face ta fiffikon takawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; group=&quot;From Three Important Addresses of the Holy Prophet ( SAW) by Islamic Research Institute Islambad Pakistan&quot;&gt;g&lt;/ref&gt; 

Mutane dukansu daga Adamu suke kuma Adamu daga turbaya yake. Ku saurara duk wata da’awa ya alla ta jini ko dukiya na sanya ta a karkashin kafafuwana, face ta kula da Ka’aba da kuma shayar da mahajjata.&lt;ref&gt;From Three Important Addresses of the Holy Prophet ( SAW) by Islamic Research Institute Islambad Pakistan 1]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ya ku jama’ar kuraishawa! Kada ku yarda ku zo ranar Lahira kuna dauke da nauyi a kan wuyanku, yayin da sauran mutane suke bayyana a gaban Allah da ladaddaki alhali ba zan amfanar da ku da komai ba daga Allah. 

Ku saurara! Duk wani abu na al’amarin Jahiliyya na take shi a karkashin kafafuwana kuma batacce ne, kuma jinanen Jahiliyya batattu ne. Kuma jini na farko da aka zubar daga cikin jinanenmu shi ne jinin Ibn Rabi’atu bin Haris, ya kasance an raine shi a zuriyar Bani Sa’ad sai Huzailu ya kashe shi. Kuma ribar Jahiliyya batacciya ce, kuma ribar farko da aka sanya ta riba a tsakaninmu ita ce ribar Abbas bin Abdulmutallib, to lallai ita batacciya ce gaba daya. 

Ya ku mutane!  Lallai ne jininku da dukiyarku da mutuncinku ababen katangewa ne (haramun ne) a tsakaninku har ku riski Ubangijinku, kamar yadda wannan rana take da girma kuma kamar yadda wannan wata naku yake da girma a wannan gari naku mai girma. Kuma lallai ne za ku riski Ubangijinku kuma zai tambaye ku kan ayyukanku. 

Ya ku mutane! Lallai kuna da hakki a kan matanku, kuma su ma suna da hakki a kanku. Daga cikin hakkinku a kansu, akwai cewa kada wanda ba ku so ya kwanta a kan shimfidarku, kuma kada su zo da wata alfasha bayyananniya, idan suka aikata haka, to hakika Allah Ya yi muku izini ku kaurace musu a wuraren kwanciya kuma ku buge su, duka wanda ba zai jawo rauni ba, idan suka hanu, to suna da hakkin ciyarwa da tufatarwa bisa alheri. 

Ku saurara! Ba ya halatta ga mace ta bayar da wani abu daga dukiyar mijinta face da izininsa. 

Ku kula da mata wajen kyautata musu, domin su mataimakanku ne, ba su mallaka wa kansu komai. Ku ji tsoron Allah cikin al’amarin mata, domin kun karbe su ne da amanar Allah, kuka halatta farjojinsu da kalmomin Allah! 

Ya ku mutane! Lallai ne Madaukaki Ya bai wa kowane ma’abucin hakki hakkinsa, don haka babu wasiyya ga mai cin gado. Kuma da na shimfidar aure ne, duk wanda ya keta dokar aure (ya yi zina) za a jefe shi. Kuma hisabinsu yana ga Allah. Duk wanda ya jingina sunansa zuwa ga wani mahaifinsa ko ya jingina kansa ga wanin wanda ya mallake shi (a tsakanin bayi), to la’anar Allah ta tabbata a gare shi. 

Wajibi ne a biya bashi, kuma a mayar da rance a dawo da kyauta, kuma wanda ya yi beli a dora masa asara. 

Ku saurara! Babu wanda zai aikata babban laifi face laifin yana kansa. Mahaifi ba zai dauki laifin dansa ba, kamar yadda Da' ba zai dauki laifin mahaifinsa ba. 

Ba ya halatta mutum ya ci dukiyar dan uwansa face abin da ya ba shi bisa dadin rai daga cikinta, don haka kada ku zalunci kawunanku. 

Ya ku mutane! Dukan Musulmi dan uwan Musulmi ne, kuma lallai ne Musulmi ’yan uwan juna ne, bayinku, bayinku ne, don haka ku ciyar da su daga cikin abin da kuke ci, kuma ku tufatar da su daga cikin abin da kuke sanyawa. 

Ku saurara! Kada ku koma batattu a bayana, sashinku yana dukan wuyan sashi (kisan juna), kuma duk wanda ya zamo akwai wata amana a hannunusa to ya mayar da ita ga wanda ya ba shi amanar. 

Ya ku mutane! Ku saurara kuma ku yi da’a ga wanda aka shugabantar da shi a kanku, koda kuwa bakin bawa mummuna ne daga [[Itofiya|Habasha]] aka shugabantar yana jagorantarku da Littafin Allah, to ku saurara masa ku yi masa da’a. 

Ya ku mutane! Lallai ne shi, babu wani Annabi a bayana, kuma babu wata al’umma a bayanku 

Kuma hakika na bar muku abin da in kuka rike shi ba za ku bace ba a bayansa, idan kuka yi riko da shi: Littafin Allah da Sunnar Annabin Sa. Kuma ina yi muku kashedi da zufafawa (tsaurarawa da wuce-gona da iri) a cikin addini, domin wadanda suke gabaninku sun hallaka ne saboda zurfafawarsu a cikin addini. 

Kuma lallai ne Shaidan, ya yanke kauna daga addininku, cewa za a bauta masa a wannan kasa taku har abada, amma zai kasance ana yi masa da’a a cikin ’yan abubuwan da kuke raina su na daga ayyukanku, sai ya yarda da su, don haka ku tsare addininku. 

Ku saurara! Ku bauta wa Uabngijinku, ku yi sallolinku biyar, ku azumci watanku ([[Ramadan]]) ku bayar da zakkar dukiyarku kuna masu tsarkake kawunanku da ita, kuma ku yi Hajjin dakin Ubangijinku. Ku yi da’a ga ma’abuta al’amarinku (shugabanni) sai ku shiga Aljannar Ubangijinku. 

Ku saurara! Wanda yake halarce (a nan) ya isar ga wanda ba ya nan, domin  da yawa wanda ake isar masa ya fi kiyayewa daga wanda ya ji. 

Kuma za a tambaye ku game da ni, to me za ku ce?” 

Sai suka ce: “Mun shaida lallai ne kai ka bayar da amana, kuma ka isar da sakon kuma ka yi nasiha.” 

Sai Manzon Allah (SAW) ya daga yatsarsa manuniya zuwa sama ya kuma dawo da ita zuwa ga mutane, ya ce: Ya Ubangiji!  Ka zamo shaida. Ya Ubangiji! Ka zamo shaida (a gare ni, cewa na isar da aikenKa zuwa gabayinKa.” 

Annabi (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) yana kammala wannan Huduba, yana kokarin sauka daga Arfa sai aya ta sauka cewa: “A yau  Na kammala muku addininku, kuma Na cika ni’imaTa a kanku kuma Na yarda da Musulunci ya zama addini a gare ku…” (k:5:3 

An samo wannan Huduba ce daga littafin “THREE IMPORTANT ADDRESSES OF THE HOLY PROPHET (SAW), wallafar sashin Da’awa da Shiryarwa na Cibiyar Binciken Musulunci (Islamic Research Institute) da ke Islamabad Pakistan. ref &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; group=&quot;From Three Important Addresses of the Holy Prophet ( SAW) by Islamic Research Institute Islambad Pakistan&quot; /&gt;

References : From Three Important Addresses of the Holy Prophet ( SAW) by Islamic Research Institute Islambad Pakistan 1]{{Stub|Hudubar Bankwana ( Kuthbah, Kutbatul Wada) Ta Annabi Muhammad Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam 632=Wannan Huduba Shugabanmu Annabi Muhammad (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ya yi ta ce a ranar 9 ga watan Zul-Hajji, shekara ta 10 Bayan Hijira daidai da 6 Ga Watan Maris shekara ta 632 Miladiyya a Dutsen Arfa kuma ita ce hudubarsa ta karshe a ga dimbin Musulmin da suka fito daga sassan duniya suka halarci aikin Hajji tare da shi a Hajjinsa na karshe: 

Godiya ta tabbata ga Allah, muna gode masa, muna neman taimakon Sa, muna neman gafarar Sa, muna tuba gare Shi. Muna neman tsarin Allah daga sharrukan kawunanmu da munanan ayyukanmu, wanda Allah Ya shiryar babu mai batar da shi, wanda kuma Ya batar babu mai shiryar da shi. Na shaida babu abin bautawa da gaskiya sai Allah, Shi kadai Yake ba Ya da abokin tarayya a gare Shi, mulki nasa ne kuma godiya tasa ce, Yana rayawa, Yana kashewa, kuma Shi a kan dukan komai Mai iko ne.

Babu abin bautawa da gaskiya sai Allah Shi kadai, Ya cika alkawarin Sa, Ya taimaki bawan Sa, kuma ya ruguza rundunoni Shi kadanSa.

Ya ku mutane! Ku saurari maganata, domin mai yiwuwa ba zan sake kasancewa tare da ku a wannan wuri ba, kuma ba zan yi Hajji ba a bayan wannan shekara tawa. Ya ku mutane! Lallai Allah Madaukaki Yana cewa: “Ya ku mutane! Lallai ne Mu, Mun halicce ku daga namiji da mace, kuma Muka sanya ku dangogi da kabilu, domin ku san juna. Lallai mafificinku daraja a wurin Allah, shine wanda yake mafifincinku a takawa.” Don haka Balarabe ba ya da fiffiko a kan Ba’ajame, ( Wanda Ba Balarabe ba ) haka Ba’ajame ba ya da fiffiko a kan Balarabe, haka baki ba ya da fiffiko a kan fari, fari ba ya da fiffiko a kan baki face ta fiffikon takawa.

Mutane dukansu daga Adamu suke kuma Adamu daga turbaya yake. Ku saurara duk wata da’awa ya alla ta jini ko dukiya na sanya ta a karkashin kafafuwana, face ta kula da Ka’aba da kuma shayar da mahajjata.

Ya ku jama’ar kuraishawa! Kada ku yarda ku zo ranar Lahira kuna dauke da nauyi a kan wuyanku, yayin da sauran mutane suke bayyana a gaban Allah da ladaddaki alhali ba zan amfanar da ku da komai ba daga Allah.

Ku saurara! Duk wani abu na al’amarin Jahiliyya na take shi a karkashin kafafuwana kuma batacce ne, kuma jinanen Jahiliyya batattu ne. Kuma jini na farko da aka zubar daga cikin jinanenmu shi ne jinin Ibn Rabi’atu bin Haris, ya kasance an raine shi a zuriyar Bani Sa’ad sai Huzailu ya kashe shi. Kuma ribar Jahiliyya batacciya ce, kuma ribar farko da aka sanya ta riba a tsakaninmu ita ce ribar Abbas bin Abdulmutallib, to lallai ita batacciya ce gaba daya.

Ya ku mutane!  Lallai ne jininku da dukiyarku da mutuncinku ababen katangewa ne (haramun ne) a tsakaninku har ku riski Ubangijinku, kamar yadda wannan rana take da girma kuma kamar yadda wannan wata naku yake da girma a wannan gari naku mai girma. Kuma lallai ne za ku riski Ubangijinku kuma zai tambaye ku kan ayyukanku.

Ya ku mutane! Lallai kuna da hakki a kan matanku, kuma su ma suna da hakki a kanku. Daga cikin hakkinku a kansu, akwai cewa kada wanda ba ku so ya kwanta a kan shimfidarku, kuma kada su zo da wata alfasha bayyananniya, idan suka aikata haka, to hakika Allah Ya yi muku izini ku kaurace musu a wuraren kwanciya kuma ku buge su, duka wanda ba zai jawo rauni ba, idan suka hanu, to suna da hakkin ciyarwa da tufatarwa bisa alheri. 

Ku saurara! Ba ya halatta ga mace ta bayar da wani abu daga dukiyar mijinta face da izininsa.

Ku kula da mata wajen kyautata musu, domin su mataimakanku ne, ba su mallaka wa kansu komai. Ku ji tsoron Allah cikin al’amarin mata, domin kun karbe su ne da amanar Allah, kuka halatta farjojinsu da kalmomin Allah!

Ya ku mutane! Lallai ne Madaukaki Ya bai wa kowane ma’abucin hakki hakkinsa, don haka babu wasiyya ga mai cin gado. Kuma da na shimfidar aure ne, duk wanda ya keta dokar aure (ya yi zina) za a jefe shi. Kuma hisabinsu yana ga Allah. Duk wanda ya jingina sunansa zuwa ga wani mahaifinsa ko ya jingina kansa ga wanin wanda ya mallake shi (a tsakanin bayi), to la’anar Allah ta tabbata a gare shi.

Wajibi ne a biya bashi, kuma a mayar da rance a dawo da kyauta, kuma wanda ya yi beli a dora masa asara.

Ku saurara! Babu wanda zai aikata babban laifi face laifin yana kansa. Mahaifi ba zai dauki laifin dansa ba, kamar yadda Da' ba zai dauki laifin mahaifinsa ba. 

Ba ya halatta mutum ya ci dukiyar dan uwansa face abin da ya ba shi bisa dadin rai daga cikinta, don haka kada ku zalunci kawunanku.

Ya ku mutane! Dukan Musulmi dan uwan Musulmi ne, kuma lallai ne Musulmi ’yan uwan juna ne, bayinku, bayinku ne, don haka ku ciyar da su daga cikin abin da kuke ci, kuma ku tufatar da su daga cikin abin da kuke sanyawa.

Ku saurara! Kada ku koma batattu a bayana, sashinku yana dukan wuyan sashi (kisan juna), kuma duk wanda ya zamo akwai wata amana a hannunusa to ya mayar da ita ga wanda ya ba shi amanar.

Ya ku mutane! Ku saurara kuma ku yi da’a ga wanda aka shugabantar da shi a kanku, koda kuwa bakin bawa mummuna ne daga Habasha aka shugabantar yana jagorantarku da Littafin Allah, to ku saurara masa ku yi masa da’a.

Ya ku mutane! Lallai ne shi, babu wani Annabi a bayana, kuma babu wata al’umma a bayanku

Kuma hakika na bar muku abin da in kuka rike shi ba za ku bace ba a bayansa, idan kuka yi riko da shi: Littafin Allah da Sunnar Annabin Sa. Kuma ina yi muku kashedi da zufafawa (tsaurarawa da wuce-gona da iri) a cikin addini, domin wadanda suke gabaninku sun hallaka ne saboda zurfafawarsu a cikin addini.

Kuma lallai ne Shaidan, ya yanke kauna daga addininku, cewa za a bauta masa a wannan kasa taku har abada, amma zai kasance ana yi masa da’a a cikin ’yan abubuwan da kuke raina su na daga ayyukanku, sai ya yarda da su, don haka ku tsare addininku.

Ku saurara! Ku bauta wa Uabngijinku, ku yi sallolinku biyar, ku azumci watanku (Ramadan) ku bayar da zakkar dukiyarku kuna masu tsarkake kawunanku da ita, kuma ku yi Hajjin dakin Ubangijinku. Ku yi da’a ga ma’abuta al’amarinku (shugabanni) sai ku shiga Aljannar Ubangijinku.

Ku saurara! Wanda yake halarce (a nan) ya isar ga wanda ba ya nan, domin  da yawa wanda ake isar masa ya fi kiyayewa daga wanda ya ji.

Kuma za a tambaye ku game da ni, to me za ku ce?”

Sai suka ce: “Mun shaida lallai ne kai ka bayar da amana, kuma ka isar da sakon kuma ka yi nasiha.”

Sai Manzon Allah (SAW) ya daga yatsarsa manuniya zuwa sama ya kuma dawo da ita zuwa ga mutane, ya ce: Ya Ubangiji!  Ka zamo shaida. Ya Ubangiji! Ka zamo shaida (a gare ni, cewa na isar da aikenKa zuwa gabayinKa.”

Annabi (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) yana kammala wannan Huduba, yana kokarin sauka daga Arfa sai aya ta sauka cewa: “A yau  Na kammala muku addininku, kuma Na cika ni’imaTa a kanku kuma Na yarda da Musulunci ya zama addini a gare ku…” (k:5:3).

An samo wannan Huduba ce daga littafin “THREE IMPORTANT ADDRESSES OF THE HOLY PROPHET (SAW), wallafar sashin Da’awa da Shiryarwa na Cibiyar Binciken Musulunci (Islamic Research Institute) da ke Islamabad Pakistan.}} 

==Manazarta== 
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Musulmai]]
[[Category:Musulunci]]
*Gaffney, Patrick D. &quot;Khutba.&quot; ''Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World''. Edited by Martin, Richard C. Macmillan Reference, 2004. vol. 1 p.&amp;nbsp;394. 20 April 2008
*Hoiberg, Dale; Ramchandani, Indu. ''Student's Britannica India''. Popular Prakashan, 2000.
*Hovannisian, Richard G; Sabagh, Georges. ''Religion and Culture in Medieval Islam''. [[Cambridge University Press]], 2000.
* Jones, Linda, ''Preaching and Sermons,'' in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. II, pp.&amp;nbsp;478–482. {{ISBN|1610691776}}
*Lewis, Bernard. ''From Babel to Dragomans: Interpreting the Middle East''. [[Oxford University Press]], 2004.
*Wensinck, A.J. ''Encyclopaedia of Islam''. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 20 April 2008
*Contemporary Fataawa, Idara-e-Islamiyat, 2001</text>
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    <title>Romawa na Da</title>
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[[File:Ephesus_Library_of_Celsus.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Afisus Library na Celsus]]
[[File:RomanEmpireTrajan117AD.png|right|thumb|300x300px| Daular Rome a mafi girman girmanta a karkashin Trajan a AD&amp;nbsp;117]]
[[File:Invasions_of_the_Roman_Empire_1.png|thumb|300x300px| Kabilun Jamusawa da na Hun sun mamaye Daular Rome, 100-500&amp;nbsp;AD. Wadannan yake-yake daga karshe sun haifar da faduwar Daular Roman ta Yamma a karni na 5 Miladiyya]]
'''Romawa na Da;''' Shine sunan wayewa a [[Italiya]]. Ya fara ne a matsayin karamar al'umma mai noma a cikin karni na 8 kafin haihuwar [[Annabi Isah|Annabi Isa.]]

Ya kuma zama birni kuma ya karbi sunan Roma daga wanda ya kafa ta Romulus. Ya girma ya zama babbar daula a tsohuwar duniya.&lt;ref&gt;Chris Scarre 1995. ''The Penguin historical atlas of Ancient Rome'' Penguin, London.&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fara ne a matsayin masarauta, sannan ya zama jamhuriya, sannan daula.

Masarautar [[Romainiya|Rome]] tana da girma da yawa cewa akwai matsaloli da ke mulkin babban yankin Rome wanda ya fadi daga [[Birtaniya|Birtaniyya]] zuwa [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]]. 

A cikin 293 bayan Annabi Isa,&amp;nbsp; ya raba masarautar kashi biyu. Karni daya daga baya, a cikin 395BM&amp;nbsp;an raba [https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/permanent shi har abada]zuwa Daular Roman ta yamma da [[Daular Rumawa|Daular Roman ta Gabas]]. Daular Yamma ta Kare saboda kabilar Jamusawa, Visigoths a cikin 476&amp;nbsp;AD. 

A karni na 5 Miladiyya, bangaren yammacin daular ya rabu zuwa masarautu daban-daban. Daular Roman ta gabas ta kasance tare a matsayin [[Daular Rumawa|Daular Byzantine]]. Daular Byzantine ta kayar da [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] a shekarar 1453.

An kafa Rome, bisa ga almara,  a ranar 21 ga [[Afrilu]] 753 BC kuma ta Fadi a shekara ta 476 AD, tana da kusan shekaru 1200 na independence yancin kai da kuma kusan shekaru 700 na mulki, a matsayin babbar kasa a tsohuwar duniya. Wannan ya sanya ta zama dayan dumbin wayewar kai a zamanin da.

== Al'adu ==
[[Al'ada|Al'adu]] na Romawa ya bazu zuwa Yammacin [[Turai]] da kuma yankin da Bahar Rum. Tarihinta har yanzu yana da babban tasiri a duniya a yau. Misali, ra'ayoyin Roman game da dokoki, [[gwamnati]], fasaha, adabi, da [[Harshe (yare)|yare]] suna da mahimmanci ga al'adun Turai.

Yaren Roman, [[Harshen Latin|Latin]], sannu a hankali ya canza, ya zama [[Faransanci]] na zamani, Sifaniyanci, [[Italiyanci]], Romania, da sauran yaruka da yawa. Latin ma a kaikaice ya rinjayi wasu yarukan da yawa kamar su [[Turanci|Ingilishi]].

=== Addini ===
Farawa tare da Sarki Nero a karni na farko AD, gwamnatin Roman ba ta son [[Kiristancìì|Kiristanci]]. A wasu wurare a tarihi, ana iya kashe mutane saboda su Kiristoci ne. 

A karkashin Sarki Diocletian, an tsananta wa Kiristoci ya zama mafi karfi. Koyaya, Addinin Kiristanci ya zama addinin da aka tallafawa a hukumance a Daular Roman a karkashin Constantine I, wanda shine Sarki na gaba. Tare da sanya hannu a kan Dokar Milan a 313, da sauri ya zama babban addini. Sannan a cikin 391&amp;nbsp;AD ta hanyar umarnin sarki Theodosius I na sanya Kiristanci addinin Rome na hukuma.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.roman-emperors.org/theo1.htm Theodosius I (379-395&amp;nbsp;AD)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315015652/http://www.roman-emperors.org/theo1.htm |date=2015-03-15 }} by David Woods. De Imperatoribus Romanis. Written 1999-2-2. Retrieved 2007-4-4.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daular Gabas ==
[[Musulunci|Rikicin Islama ya]] tsoratar da Rumawa, wanda mabiyansa suka karbi yankunan [[Siriya]], [[Armeniya|Armenia]] da [[Misra|Misira]] kuma ba da dadewa ba suka yi barazanar kwace Yankin Konstantinople.   A karni na gaba, Larabawa sun kame kudancin Italiya da [[Sisiliya|Sicily]]. 

Rumawa sun tsira a lokacin karni na 8 kuma, farawa a cikin karni na 9, sun sake karbar ɓangarorin kasashen da aka ci da yaki.&lt;ref&gt;Duiker, 2001. page 349.&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 1000&amp;nbsp;AD, Daular Gabas ta kasance a mafi girman matsayi, kuma al'adu da kasuwanci sun bunkasa.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.roman-emperors.org/basilii.htm Basil II (CE 976-1025)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313115140/http://www.roman-emperors.org/basilii.htm |date=2015-03-13 }} by Catherine Holmes. De Imperatoribus Romanis. Written 2003-4-1. Retrieved 2007-3-22.&lt;/ref&gt;  

Koyaya, bazuwar an dakatar da Fadada a cikin 1071 a Yakin Manzikert . Wannan a karshen ya sa masarautar ta fara rauni. Bayan yake-yake na yake-yake da mamayar [[Turawa|Turkawa]], Sarki Alexius I Comnenus ya nemi taimako daga Yammaci a cikin 1095. 

Yammacin duniya sun amsa tare da Jihadi, a ƙarshe ya haifar da Jihadi na hudu wanda ya ci Constantinople a cikin 1204. Sabbin ƙasashe gami da Nicaea sun karbi bangaren ƙaramar daular a yanzu.&lt;ref&gt;Gibbon, Edward. ''History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080307071332/http://olldownload.libertyfund.org/Texts/Gibbon0105/DeclineAndFall/Vol11/PDFs/0214-11_Pt02_Chap61.pdf Chapter 61]. Retrieved 2007-4-11.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Bayan sake ikon Constantinople da sojojin Imperial suka yi, masarautar ba ta wuce kasar [[Girka (kasa)|Girka da]] ke tsare a yankin Aegean ba. Daular Gabas ta Kare lokacin da Mehmed na II ya ci yankin Constantinople a ranar 29 ga Mayu 1453.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.theottomans.org/english/family/mehmet2.asp Mehmet II] by Korkut Ozgen. Theottomans.org. Retrieved 2007-4-3.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Binciken kwakwaf ==
An samo ragowar ayyukan Roman da kuma gine-ginen a mafi kusurwar ƙarshen Masarautar.

* Iyakokin Daular Rome
* Gidajen Roman
* Hanyoyin Roman a [[Birtaniya|Biritaniya]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Honduran_Roman_Catholic_mass.jpg|Honduran Roman Catholic mass
File:Mamucium_vicus,_site_of.jpg|Mamucium vicus
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 

== Sauran yanar gizo ==

* [http://web.upmf-grenoble.fr/Haiti/Cours/Ak Laburaren Doka na Roman] ''Da Yves Lassard da Alexandr Koptev''
* [http://sd71.bc.ca/sd71/school/courtmid/Library/subject_resources/socials/ancient_rome.htm Hanyoyin hadin yanar gizo don daliban Makarantar Midil] ''daga tarin Laburaren Makarantar Middle School''
[[Category:Daulolin Musulunci]]
[[Category:Turawa]]
[[Category:Italiya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Masallacin Umayyad</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
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[[File:Umayyad_Mosque_Damascus.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Masallacin Umayyad da ke tsakiyar Damashka da dare]]
[[Fayil:Umayyad Mosque, Damascus.jpg|thumb|umayyad mosque]]
'''Babban Masallacin Dimashka''', wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Masallacin Umayyad''' ( [[Larabci]] : جامع بني أمية الكبير, transl. ''Ğām 'Banī' Umayyah al-Kabīr'' ), yana ɗaya daga cikin manya kuma tsaffin [[Masallaci|masallatai]] a duniya. Yana cikin ɗayan wurare mafi tsayi a cikin tsohon garin [[Damascus]].Hakanan yana da mahimmanci sosai saboda tsarin ginin sa .

Masallacin na ɗauke da hubbaren wanda aka ce yana ɗauke da kan John Baptist ( Yahya ), wanda aka karrama a matsayin [[Manzo|annabi]] daga Musulmai da Kiristoci. An ce an sami kan ne a lokacin da ake hakar ginin masallacin. Kabarin Salahuddin yana tsaye a cikin wani ƙaramin lambun da ke hade da bangon arewacin masallacin.

A cikin shekarar 2001, [[John Paul na Biyu|Paparoma John Paul II ya]] ziyarci masallacin, musamman don ziyarci kayan tarihin John Baptist. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da wani paparoma ya kai ziyara a wani masallaci.

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:StJohnTheBaptistShrine Damascus 1943.jpg|The Shrine with the head of St. John the Baptist
File:StJohnInUmmayad.jpg|John the Baptist (or Yahya)'s Shrine inside the Mosque
File:Umayyad Mosque-Dome of the Treasury.jpg|The courtyard of the Mosque with the ancient Treasury (Beit al Mal)
File:Damascus, Syria, The Umayyad Mosque, The Great Mosque of Damascus 2.jpg|
Damascus, Syria, The Umayyad Mosque, The Courtyard, Islamic Art.jpg
Syria, Damascus, The Umayyad Mosque, Courtyard.jpg
Damascus, Syria, The Umayyad Mosque.jpg
Syria, Damascus, The Umayyad Mosque, Muslim Devotee.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
[[Category:Masallatai]]
[[Category:Masallaci]]
[[Category:Musulunci]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Leon Hale</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Hon.Mubarak</username>
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[[Fayil:Noyes-Hale House, Parker Street, Newburyport, Mass. - DPLA - 8e1525ed158b49296cb38aca0ebac411.jpg|thumb|gidanshi]]
'''Leon Hale''' (30 ga Mayu,  shekarar 1921 zuwa Maris 27, 2021) ɗan jaridar Amurka ne kuma marubuci. Ya yi aiki a matsayin marubuci na ''[[Houston Chronicle]]'' daga 1984 har zuwa ritayarsa a 2014. Kafin haka, yana da shafi a ''Houston Post'' na tsawon shekaru 32.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pugh&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/special/100years3/1082869.html|title=Chronicle's columnists give the paper personality|last=Pugh|first=Clifford|date=October 10, 2001|work=[[Houston Chronicle]]|accessdate=February 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kuma wallafa littattafai har goma sha biyu.

== Kuruciya ==
An haifi Carol Leon Hale a garin Stephenville, Texas, a ranar 30 ga watan Mayu na 1921.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chronicle obit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Beloved Houston Chronicle columnist Leon Hale dies|url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/lifestyle/article/Beloved-Houston-Chronicle-columnist-Leon-Hale-dies-16058091.php|first=Andrew|last=Dansby|date=March 27, 2021|accessdate=March 27, 2021|newspaper=Houston Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Haldeman&gt;{{cite news|title=Leon Hale, Texas writer and columnist, dies at 99|url=https://abc13.com/leon-hale-texas-writers-death-writer/10452981/|first=Charlie|last=Haldeman|date=March 27, 2021|accessdate=March 27, 2021|publisher=KTRK-TV}}&lt;/ref&gt; An saka masa sunan mahaifiyarsa, Leona;  mahaifinsa, Fred,  yayi aiki ne a matsayin ɗan kasuwa mai tafiye-tafiye wanda ke sayar da injin da ke rufe takardu . Iyalin Hale sun ƙaura sau da yawa yayin yarinta saboda aikin mahaifinsa, sun sake ƙaura zuwa Fort Worth lokacin da yake ɗan shekara bakwai kafin ya tafi Lubbock a lokacin Girmamar Damuwa. Ya yi fama da cutar sankara ta jiki wanda ya haifar masa da tawayar fuska. Ya halarci makarantar sakandaren Eastland, inda ya kammala karatu a shekarar 1939.&lt;ref name=TNHOF&gt;{{cite web|title=Leon Hale|url=https://www.tnf.net/leon-hale|access-date=March 27, 2021|work=Texas Newspaper Hall of Fame|publisher=Texas Newspaper Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Hale ya ci gaba da karatu a Jami'ar Tech Tech . Ya rubuta wa jaridar ɗalibai ta, ''The Toreador'', insha'i, mukaloli da ra'ayoyii. Daya daga cikin malamarsa a wurin, Alan Stroud, ya daukaka rubuce-rubucen Hale amma ya ba shi maki saboda rashin iya rubutu.  

== Aiki ==
Hale ya samu aiki a ''[[Houston Post]]'' a cikin 1952. Ya bunƙasa a cikin wannan yanayin aikin, tare da abokan aikinsa suna lura da yadda ya kasance marubuci wanda ba ya buƙatar bita. Ya kuma wallafa littafinsa na farko, ''Bonney's Place'', a cikin 1972. Ya samu mabiya da yawa masu bi, kuma dukda cewa ya rubuta fina-fina har guda hudu, babu wanda aka samu damar aikinsa har zuwa mutuwar Hale. 

== Littattafai ==
Hale ya rubuta littattafai goma sha ɗaya. Ga kaɗan daga ciki:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Leon Hale, Columnist|url=https://www.chron.com/author/leon-hale/|accessdate=March 27, 2021|newspaper=Houston Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Turn South at the Second Bridge'' (1965)&lt;ref name=&quot;Borders&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UftIAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=jQINAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6178,4448160&amp;dq=leon-hale+turn-south-at-the-second-bridge&amp;hl=en|title=Books to curl up with on an autumn night|last=Borders|first=Gary|date=November 26, 2000|work=[[Record-Journal]]|page=E3|accessdate=February 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Bonney's Place'' (1972)&lt;ref name=&quot;Cohen&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=h9wqAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=WNoFAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=2897,3423774&amp;dq=leon-hale+bonney's-place&amp;hl=en|title=Author's story compelling|last=Cohen|first=George|date=November 16, 1986|work=[[The Beaver County Times]]|page=4|accessdate=February 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Addison'' (1978)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XlFCAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=6qoMAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6742,4131922&amp;dq=leon-hale+addison&amp;hl=en|title=Your library|last=Greene|first=Beverly|date=March 16, 1979|work=Middlesboro Daily News|page=4|accessdate=February 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''A Smile from Katie Hattan'' (1982)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ajHuPQAACAAJ|title=A Smile from Katie Hattan &amp; Other Natural Wonders|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1982|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672079}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Easy Going'' (1983)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=my0bAQAAIAAJ|title=Easy Going|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1983|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672109}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''One Man's Christmas'' (1984)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mp9-8DLC2j8C|title=One Man's Christmas|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1984|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672246}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Paper Hero'' (1986)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=szqTAAAAIAAJ|title=Paper Hero|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1986|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672369}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Texas Chronicles'' (1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AHDOPQAACAAJ|title=Texas Chronicles|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1989|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672505}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Home Spun'' (1997)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S0R5AAAAMAAJ|title=Home Spun: A Collection|publisher=Winedale Publishing|year=1997|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780965746823}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Supper Time'' (1999)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7oKAAAACAAJ|title=Supper Time|publisher=Winedale Publishing|year=1999|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780965746830}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Old Friends: A Collection'' (2004)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UALzAAAAMAAJ|title=Old Friends: A Collection|publisher=Winedale Publishing|year=2004|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780975272701}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Iyali==
Hale ya saki matansa na farko guda biyu. Ya haɗu da matarsa ta ukku, Babette Fraser a shekarar 1981. Sun zauna a Houston da [[Winedale, Texas]], kuma auren su ya ɗore har zuwa mutuwar shi.

==Mutuwa==
Gale ya mutu ranar 27 ga watan Maris, na shekarar 2021. Yana da shekaru 99 a duniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chronicle obit&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=Haldeman/&gt;

==Hanyoyin haɗin waje==
* Hale, Leon and Gabrielle Hale. [http://digital.houstonlibrary.net/oral-history/leon-hale.php Leon Hale Oral History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013191606/https://digital.houstonlibrary.net/oral-history/leon-hale.php |date=2022-10-13 }}, Houston Oral History Project, November 29, 2007.
* Hale, Leon. [http://blog.chron.com/leonhale/ Leon Hale: A blog featuring Houston Chronicle columnist Leon Hale.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321020939/http://blog.chron.com/leonhale/ |date=2014-03-21 }}
* Hale, Leon. [https://www.facebook.com/Leon-Hale-134621825192/ Leon Hale, Author: A Facebook page by Leon Hale and his fans.]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hale, Leon}}
[[Category: Haifaffun 1921]]
[[Category: Matattun 2021]]
[[Category:20th-century American journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century American journalists]]
[[Category:Houston Chronicle people]]
[[Category:Houston Post people]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Texas]]
[[Category:People from Stephenville, Texas]]
[[Category:Texas Tech University alumni]]
[[Category:United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Writers from Texas]]
[[Category:United States Army Air Forces soldiers]]</text>
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[[Fayil:Noyes-Hale House, Parker Street, Newburyport, Mass. - DPLA - 8e1525ed158b49296cb38aca0ebac411.jpg|thumb|gidanshi]]
'''Leon Hale''' (30 ga Mayu,  shekarar 1921 zuwa Maris 27,  shekarar ta 2021) ɗan jaridar Amurka ne kuma marubuci. Ya yi aiki a matsayin marubuci na ''[[Houston Chronicle]]'' daga 1984 har zuwa ritayarsa a 2014. Kafin haka, yana da shafi a ''Houston Post'' na tsawon shekaru 32.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pugh&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/special/100years3/1082869.html|title=Chronicle's columnists give the paper personality|last=Pugh|first=Clifford|date=October 10, 2001|work=[[Houston Chronicle]]|accessdate=February 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kuma wallafa littattafai har goma sha biyu.

== Kuruciya ==
An haifi Carol Leon Hale a garin Stephenville, Texas, a ranar 30 ga watan Mayu na 1921.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chronicle obit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Beloved Houston Chronicle columnist Leon Hale dies|url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/lifestyle/article/Beloved-Houston-Chronicle-columnist-Leon-Hale-dies-16058091.php|first=Andrew|last=Dansby|date=March 27, 2021|accessdate=March 27, 2021|newspaper=Houston Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Haldeman&gt;{{cite news|title=Leon Hale, Texas writer and columnist, dies at 99|url=https://abc13.com/leon-hale-texas-writers-death-writer/10452981/|first=Charlie|last=Haldeman|date=March 27, 2021|accessdate=March 27, 2021|publisher=KTRK-TV}}&lt;/ref&gt; An saka masa sunan mahaifiyarsa, Leona;  mahaifinsa, Fred,  yayi aiki ne a matsayin ɗan kasuwa mai tafiye-tafiye wanda ke sayar da injin da ke rufe takardu . Iyalin Hale sun ƙaura sau da yawa yayin yarinta saboda aikin mahaifinsa, sun sake ƙaura zuwa Fort Worth lokacin da yake ɗan shekara bakwai kafin ya tafi Lubbock a lokacin Girmamar Damuwa. Ya yi fama da cutar sankara ta jiki wanda ya haifar masa da tawayar fuska. Ya halarci makarantar sakandaren Eastland, inda ya kammala karatu a shekarar 1939.&lt;ref name=TNHOF&gt;{{cite web|title=Leon Hale|url=https://www.tnf.net/leon-hale|access-date=March 27, 2021|work=Texas Newspaper Hall of Fame|publisher=Texas Newspaper Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Hale ya ci gaba da karatu a Jami'ar Tech Tech . Ya rubuta wa jaridar ɗalibai ta, ''The Toreador'', insha'i, mukaloli da ra'ayoyii. Daya daga cikin malamarsa a wurin, Alan Stroud, ya daukaka rubuce-rubucen Hale amma ya ba shi maki saboda rashin iya rubutu.  

== Aiki ==
Hale ya samu aiki a ''[[Houston Post]]'' a cikin 1952. Ya bunƙasa a cikin wannan yanayin aikin, tare da abokan aikinsa suna lura da yadda ya kasance marubuci wanda ba ya buƙatar bita. Ya kuma wallafa littafinsa na farko, ''Bonney's Place'', a cikin 1972. Ya samu mabiya da yawa masu bi, kuma dukda cewa ya rubuta fina-fina har guda hudu, babu wanda aka samu damar aikinsa har zuwa mutuwar Hale. 

== Littattafai ==
Hale ya rubuta littattafai goma sha ɗaya. Ga kaɗan daga ciki:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Leon Hale, Columnist|url=https://www.chron.com/author/leon-hale/|accessdate=March 27, 2021|newspaper=Houston Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Turn South at the Second Bridge'' (1965)&lt;ref name=&quot;Borders&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UftIAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=jQINAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6178,4448160&amp;dq=leon-hale+turn-south-at-the-second-bridge&amp;hl=en|title=Books to curl up with on an autumn night|last=Borders|first=Gary|date=November 26, 2000|work=[[Record-Journal]]|page=E3|accessdate=February 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Bonney's Place'' (1972)&lt;ref name=&quot;Cohen&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=h9wqAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=WNoFAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=2897,3423774&amp;dq=leon-hale+bonney's-place&amp;hl=en|title=Author's story compelling|last=Cohen|first=George|date=November 16, 1986|work=[[The Beaver County Times]]|page=4|accessdate=February 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Addison'' (1978)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XlFCAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=6qoMAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6742,4131922&amp;dq=leon-hale+addison&amp;hl=en|title=Your library|last=Greene|first=Beverly|date=March 16, 1979|work=Middlesboro Daily News|page=4|accessdate=February 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''A Smile from Katie Hattan'' (1982)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ajHuPQAACAAJ|title=A Smile from Katie Hattan &amp; Other Natural Wonders|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1982|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672079}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Easy Going'' (1983)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=my0bAQAAIAAJ|title=Easy Going|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1983|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672109}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''One Man's Christmas'' (1984)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mp9-8DLC2j8C|title=One Man's Christmas|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1984|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672246}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Paper Hero'' (1986)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=szqTAAAAIAAJ|title=Paper Hero|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1986|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672369}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Texas Chronicles'' (1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AHDOPQAACAAJ|title=Texas Chronicles|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1989|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672505}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Home Spun'' (1997)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S0R5AAAAMAAJ|title=Home Spun: A Collection|publisher=Winedale Publishing|year=1997|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780965746823}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Supper Time'' (1999)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7oKAAAACAAJ|title=Supper Time|publisher=Winedale Publishing|year=1999|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780965746830}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Old Friends: A Collection'' (2004)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UALzAAAAMAAJ|title=Old Friends: A Collection|publisher=Winedale Publishing|year=2004|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780975272701}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Iyali==
Hale ya saki matansa na farko guda biyu. Ya haɗu da matarsa ta ukku, Babette Fraser a shekarar 1981. Sun zauna a Houston da [[Winedale, Texas]], kuma auren su ya ɗore har zuwa mutuwar shi.

==Mutuwa==
Gale ya mutu ranar 27 ga watan Maris, na shekarar 2021. Yana da shekaru 99 a duniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chronicle obit&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=Haldeman/&gt;

==Hanyoyin haɗin waje==
* Hale, Leon and Gabrielle Hale. [http://digital.houstonlibrary.net/oral-history/leon-hale.php Leon Hale Oral History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013191606/https://digital.houstonlibrary.net/oral-history/leon-hale.php |date=2022-10-13 }}, Houston Oral History Project, November 29, 2007.
* Hale, Leon. [http://blog.chron.com/leonhale/ Leon Hale: A blog featuring Houston Chronicle columnist Leon Hale.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321020939/http://blog.chron.com/leonhale/ |date=2014-03-21 }}
* Hale, Leon. [https://www.facebook.com/Leon-Hale-134621825192/ Leon Hale, Author: A Facebook page by Leon Hale and his fans.]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hale, Leon}}
[[Category: Haifaffun 1921]]
[[Category: Matattun 2021]]
[[Category:20th-century American journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century American journalists]]
[[Category:Houston Chronicle people]]
[[Category:Houston Post people]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Texas]]
[[Category:People from Stephenville, Texas]]
[[Category:Texas Tech University alumni]]
[[Category:United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Writers from Texas]]
[[Category:United States Army Air Forces soldiers]]</text>
      <sha1>f8kpt5ixgnsja9se4pl46xz80ct7ywb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893145</id>
      <parentid>893142</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:47:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Hon.Mubarak</username>
        <id>45736</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893145</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7295" sha1="bp62d74t2otidl3igmjqvv4w3ztctw1" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:Noyes-Hale House, Parker Street, Newburyport, Mass. - DPLA - 8e1525ed158b49296cb38aca0ebac411.jpg|thumb|gidanshi]]
'''Leon Hale''' (30 ga Mayu,  shekarar 1921 zuwa Maris 27,  shekarar ta 2021) ɗan jaridar Amurka ne kuma marubuci. Ya yi aiki a matsayin marubuci na ''[[Houston Chronicle]]'' daga 1984 har zuwa ritayarsa a shekara ta 2014. Kafin haka, yana da shafi a ''Houston Post'' na tsawon shekaru 32.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pugh&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/special/100years3/1082869.html|title=Chronicle's columnists give the paper personality|last=Pugh|first=Clifford|date=October 10, 2001|work=[[Houston Chronicle]]|accessdate=February 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kuma wallafa littattafai har goma sha biyu.

== Kuruciya ==
An haifi Carol Leon Hale a garin Stephenville, Texas, a ranar 30 ga watan Mayu na 1921.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chronicle obit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Beloved Houston Chronicle columnist Leon Hale dies|url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/lifestyle/article/Beloved-Houston-Chronicle-columnist-Leon-Hale-dies-16058091.php|first=Andrew|last=Dansby|date=March 27, 2021|accessdate=March 27, 2021|newspaper=Houston Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Haldeman&gt;{{cite news|title=Leon Hale, Texas writer and columnist, dies at 99|url=https://abc13.com/leon-hale-texas-writers-death-writer/10452981/|first=Charlie|last=Haldeman|date=March 27, 2021|accessdate=March 27, 2021|publisher=KTRK-TV}}&lt;/ref&gt; An saka masa sunan mahaifiyarsa, Leona;  mahaifinsa, Fred,  yayi aiki ne a matsayin ɗan kasuwa mai tafiye-tafiye wanda ke sayar da injin da ke rufe takardu . Iyalin Hale sun ƙaura sau da yawa yayin yarinta saboda aikin mahaifinsa, sun sake ƙaura zuwa Fort Worth lokacin da yake ɗan shekara bakwai kafin ya tafi Lubbock a lokacin Girmamar Damuwa. Ya yi fama da cutar sankara ta jiki wanda ya haifar masa da tawayar fuska. Ya halarci makarantar sakandaren Eastland, inda ya kammala karatu a shekarar 1939.&lt;ref name=TNHOF&gt;{{cite web|title=Leon Hale|url=https://www.tnf.net/leon-hale|access-date=March 27, 2021|work=Texas Newspaper Hall of Fame|publisher=Texas Newspaper Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Hale ya ci gaba da karatu a Jami'ar Tech Tech . Ya rubuta wa jaridar ɗalibai ta, ''The Toreador'', insha'i, mukaloli da ra'ayoyii. Daya daga cikin malamarsa a wurin, Alan Stroud, ya daukaka rubuce-rubucen Hale amma ya ba shi maki saboda rashin iya rubutu.  

== Aiki ==
Hale ya samu aiki a ''[[Houston Post]]'' a cikin 1952. Ya bunƙasa a cikin wannan yanayin aikin, tare da abokan aikinsa suna lura da yadda ya kasance marubuci wanda ba ya buƙatar bita. Ya kuma wallafa littafinsa na farko, ''Bonney's Place'', a cikin 1972. Ya samu mabiya da yawa masu bi, kuma dukda cewa ya rubuta fina-fina har guda hudu, babu wanda aka samu damar aikinsa har zuwa mutuwar Hale. 

== Littattafai ==
Hale ya rubuta littattafai goma sha ɗaya. Ga kaɗan daga ciki:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Leon Hale, Columnist|url=https://www.chron.com/author/leon-hale/|accessdate=March 27, 2021|newspaper=Houston Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Turn South at the Second Bridge'' (1965)&lt;ref name=&quot;Borders&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UftIAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=jQINAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6178,4448160&amp;dq=leon-hale+turn-south-at-the-second-bridge&amp;hl=en|title=Books to curl up with on an autumn night|last=Borders|first=Gary|date=November 26, 2000|work=[[Record-Journal]]|page=E3|accessdate=February 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Bonney's Place'' (1972)&lt;ref name=&quot;Cohen&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=h9wqAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=WNoFAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=2897,3423774&amp;dq=leon-hale+bonney's-place&amp;hl=en|title=Author's story compelling|last=Cohen|first=George|date=November 16, 1986|work=[[The Beaver County Times]]|page=4|accessdate=February 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Addison'' (1978)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XlFCAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=6qoMAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6742,4131922&amp;dq=leon-hale+addison&amp;hl=en|title=Your library|last=Greene|first=Beverly|date=March 16, 1979|work=Middlesboro Daily News|page=4|accessdate=February 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''A Smile from Katie Hattan'' (1982)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ajHuPQAACAAJ|title=A Smile from Katie Hattan &amp; Other Natural Wonders|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1982|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672079}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Easy Going'' (1983)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=my0bAQAAIAAJ|title=Easy Going|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1983|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672109}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''One Man's Christmas'' (1984)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mp9-8DLC2j8C|title=One Man's Christmas|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1984|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672246}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Paper Hero'' (1986)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=szqTAAAAIAAJ|title=Paper Hero|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1986|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672369}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Texas Chronicles'' (1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AHDOPQAACAAJ|title=Texas Chronicles|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1989|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672505}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Home Spun'' (1997)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S0R5AAAAMAAJ|title=Home Spun: A Collection|publisher=Winedale Publishing|year=1997|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780965746823}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Supper Time'' (1999)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7oKAAAACAAJ|title=Supper Time|publisher=Winedale Publishing|year=1999|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780965746830}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Old Friends: A Collection'' (2004)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UALzAAAAMAAJ|title=Old Friends: A Collection|publisher=Winedale Publishing|year=2004|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780975272701}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Iyali==
Hale ya saki matansa na farko guda biyu. Ya haɗu da matarsa ta ukku, Babette Fraser a shekarar 1981. Sun zauna a Houston da [[Winedale, Texas]], kuma auren su ya ɗore har zuwa mutuwar shi.

==Mutuwa==
Gale ya mutu ranar 27 ga watan Maris, na shekarar 2021. Yana da shekaru 99 a duniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chronicle obit&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=Haldeman/&gt;

==Hanyoyin haɗin waje==
* Hale, Leon and Gabrielle Hale. [http://digital.houstonlibrary.net/oral-history/leon-hale.php Leon Hale Oral History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013191606/https://digital.houstonlibrary.net/oral-history/leon-hale.php |date=2022-10-13 }}, Houston Oral History Project, November 29, 2007.
* Hale, Leon. [http://blog.chron.com/leonhale/ Leon Hale: A blog featuring Houston Chronicle columnist Leon Hale.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321020939/http://blog.chron.com/leonhale/ |date=2014-03-21 }}
* Hale, Leon. [https://www.facebook.com/Leon-Hale-134621825192/ Leon Hale, Author: A Facebook page by Leon Hale and his fans.]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hale, Leon}}
[[Category: Haifaffun 1921]]
[[Category: Matattun 2021]]
[[Category:20th-century American journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century American journalists]]
[[Category:Houston Chronicle people]]
[[Category:Houston Post people]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Texas]]
[[Category:People from Stephenville, Texas]]
[[Category:Texas Tech University alumni]]
[[Category:United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Writers from Texas]]
[[Category:United States Army Air Forces soldiers]]</text>
      <sha1>bp62d74t2otidl3igmjqvv4w3ztctw1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893147</id>
      <parentid>893145</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:48:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Hon.Mubarak</username>
        <id>45736</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893147</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7304" sha1="h3s9d7lvcrdfprbyt80srhhx6inayoc" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:Noyes-Hale House, Parker Street, Newburyport, Mass. - DPLA - 8e1525ed158b49296cb38aca0ebac411.jpg|thumb|gidanshi]]
'''Leon Hale''' (30 ga Mayu,  shekarar 1921 zuwa Maris 27,  shekarar ta 2021) ɗan jaridar Amurka ne kuma marubuci. Ya yi aiki a matsayin marubuci na ''[[Houston Chronicle]]'' daga shekarar 1984 har zuwa ritayarsa a shekara ta 2014. Kafin haka, yana da shafi a ''Houston Post'' na tsawon shekaru 32.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pugh&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/special/100years3/1082869.html|title=Chronicle's columnists give the paper personality|last=Pugh|first=Clifford|date=October 10, 2001|work=[[Houston Chronicle]]|accessdate=February 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kuma wallafa littattafai har goma sha biyu.

== Kuruciya ==
An haifi Carol Leon Hale a garin Stephenville, Texas, a ranar 30 ga watan Mayu na 1921.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chronicle obit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Beloved Houston Chronicle columnist Leon Hale dies|url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/lifestyle/article/Beloved-Houston-Chronicle-columnist-Leon-Hale-dies-16058091.php|first=Andrew|last=Dansby|date=March 27, 2021|accessdate=March 27, 2021|newspaper=Houston Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Haldeman&gt;{{cite news|title=Leon Hale, Texas writer and columnist, dies at 99|url=https://abc13.com/leon-hale-texas-writers-death-writer/10452981/|first=Charlie|last=Haldeman|date=March 27, 2021|accessdate=March 27, 2021|publisher=KTRK-TV}}&lt;/ref&gt; An saka masa sunan mahaifiyarsa, Leona;  mahaifinsa, Fred,  yayi aiki ne a matsayin ɗan kasuwa mai tafiye-tafiye wanda ke sayar da injin da ke rufe takardu . Iyalin Hale sun ƙaura sau da yawa yayin yarinta saboda aikin mahaifinsa, sun sake ƙaura zuwa Fort Worth lokacin da yake ɗan shekara bakwai kafin ya tafi Lubbock a lokacin Girmamar Damuwa. Ya yi fama da cutar sankara ta jiki wanda ya haifar masa da tawayar fuska. Ya halarci makarantar sakandaren Eastland, inda ya kammala karatu a shekarar 1939.&lt;ref name=TNHOF&gt;{{cite web|title=Leon Hale|url=https://www.tnf.net/leon-hale|access-date=March 27, 2021|work=Texas Newspaper Hall of Fame|publisher=Texas Newspaper Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Hale ya ci gaba da karatu a Jami'ar Tech Tech . Ya rubuta wa jaridar ɗalibai ta, ''The Toreador'', insha'i, mukaloli da ra'ayoyii. Daya daga cikin malamarsa a wurin, Alan Stroud, ya daukaka rubuce-rubucen Hale amma ya ba shi maki saboda rashin iya rubutu.  

== Aiki ==
Hale ya samu aiki a ''[[Houston Post]]'' a cikin 1952. Ya bunƙasa a cikin wannan yanayin aikin, tare da abokan aikinsa suna lura da yadda ya kasance marubuci wanda ba ya buƙatar bita. Ya kuma wallafa littafinsa na farko, ''Bonney's Place'', a cikin 1972. Ya samu mabiya da yawa masu bi, kuma dukda cewa ya rubuta fina-fina har guda hudu, babu wanda aka samu damar aikinsa har zuwa mutuwar Hale. 

== Littattafai ==
Hale ya rubuta littattafai goma sha ɗaya. Ga kaɗan daga ciki:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Leon Hale, Columnist|url=https://www.chron.com/author/leon-hale/|accessdate=March 27, 2021|newspaper=Houston Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Turn South at the Second Bridge'' (1965)&lt;ref name=&quot;Borders&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UftIAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=jQINAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6178,4448160&amp;dq=leon-hale+turn-south-at-the-second-bridge&amp;hl=en|title=Books to curl up with on an autumn night|last=Borders|first=Gary|date=November 26, 2000|work=[[Record-Journal]]|page=E3|accessdate=February 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Bonney's Place'' (1972)&lt;ref name=&quot;Cohen&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=h9wqAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=WNoFAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=2897,3423774&amp;dq=leon-hale+bonney's-place&amp;hl=en|title=Author's story compelling|last=Cohen|first=George|date=November 16, 1986|work=[[The Beaver County Times]]|page=4|accessdate=February 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Addison'' (1978)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XlFCAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=6qoMAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6742,4131922&amp;dq=leon-hale+addison&amp;hl=en|title=Your library|last=Greene|first=Beverly|date=March 16, 1979|work=Middlesboro Daily News|page=4|accessdate=February 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''A Smile from Katie Hattan'' (1982)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ajHuPQAACAAJ|title=A Smile from Katie Hattan &amp; Other Natural Wonders|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1982|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672079}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Easy Going'' (1983)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=my0bAQAAIAAJ|title=Easy Going|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1983|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672109}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''One Man's Christmas'' (1984)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mp9-8DLC2j8C|title=One Man's Christmas|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1984|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672246}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Paper Hero'' (1986)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=szqTAAAAIAAJ|title=Paper Hero|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1986|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672369}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Texas Chronicles'' (1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AHDOPQAACAAJ|title=Texas Chronicles|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1989|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672505}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Home Spun'' (1997)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S0R5AAAAMAAJ|title=Home Spun: A Collection|publisher=Winedale Publishing|year=1997|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780965746823}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Supper Time'' (1999)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7oKAAAACAAJ|title=Supper Time|publisher=Winedale Publishing|year=1999|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780965746830}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Old Friends: A Collection'' (2004)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UALzAAAAMAAJ|title=Old Friends: A Collection|publisher=Winedale Publishing|year=2004|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780975272701}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Iyali==
Hale ya saki matansa na farko guda biyu. Ya haɗu da matarsa ta ukku, Babette Fraser a shekarar 1981. Sun zauna a Houston da [[Winedale, Texas]], kuma auren su ya ɗore har zuwa mutuwar shi.

==Mutuwa==
Gale ya mutu ranar 27 ga watan Maris, na shekarar 2021. Yana da shekaru 99 a duniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chronicle obit&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=Haldeman/&gt;

==Hanyoyin haɗin waje==
* Hale, Leon and Gabrielle Hale. [http://digital.houstonlibrary.net/oral-history/leon-hale.php Leon Hale Oral History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013191606/https://digital.houstonlibrary.net/oral-history/leon-hale.php |date=2022-10-13 }}, Houston Oral History Project, November 29, 2007.
* Hale, Leon. [http://blog.chron.com/leonhale/ Leon Hale: A blog featuring Houston Chronicle columnist Leon Hale.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321020939/http://blog.chron.com/leonhale/ |date=2014-03-21 }}
* Hale, Leon. [https://www.facebook.com/Leon-Hale-134621825192/ Leon Hale, Author: A Facebook page by Leon Hale and his fans.]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hale, Leon}}
[[Category: Haifaffun 1921]]
[[Category: Matattun 2021]]
[[Category:20th-century American journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century American journalists]]
[[Category:Houston Chronicle people]]
[[Category:Houston Post people]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Texas]]
[[Category:People from Stephenville, Texas]]
[[Category:Texas Tech University alumni]]
[[Category:United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Writers from Texas]]
[[Category:United States Army Air Forces soldiers]]</text>
      <sha1>h3s9d7lvcrdfprbyt80srhhx6inayoc</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>893195</id>
      <parentid>893147</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:43:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Hon.Mubarak</username>
        <id>45736</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893195</origin>
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[[Fayil:Noyes-Hale House, Parker Street, Newburyport, Mass. - DPLA - 8e1525ed158b49296cb38aca0ebac411.jpg|thumb|gidanshi]]
'''Leon Hale''' (30 ga Mayu,  shekarar 1921 zuwa Maris 27,  shekarar ta 2021) ɗan jaridar Amurka ne kuma marubuci. Ya yi aiki a matsayin marubuci na ''[[Houston Chronicle]]'' daga shekarar 1984 har zuwa ritayarsa a shekara ta 2014. Kafin haka, yana da shafi a ''Houston Post'' na tsawon shekaru 32.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pugh&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/special/100years3/1082869.html|title=Chronicle's columnists give the paper personality|last=Pugh|first=Clifford|date=October 10, 2001|work=[[Houston Chronicle]]|accessdate=February 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kuma wallafa littattafai har goma sha biyu.

== Kuruciya ==
An haifi Carol Leon Hale a garin Stephenville, Texas, a ranar 30 ga watan Mayu na 1921.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chronicle obit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Beloved Houston Chronicle columnist Leon Hale dies|url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/lifestyle/article/Beloved-Houston-Chronicle-columnist-Leon-Hale-dies-16058091.php|first=Andrew|last=Dansby|date=March 27, 2021|accessdate=March 27, 2021|newspaper=Houston Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Haldeman&gt;{{cite news|title=Leon Hale, Texas writer and columnist, dies at 99|url=https://abc13.com/leon-hale-texas-writers-death-writer/10452981/|first=Charlie|last=Haldeman|date=March 27, 2021|accessdate=March 27, 2021|publisher=KTRK-TV}}&lt;/ref&gt; An saka masa sunan mahaifiyarsa, Leona;  mahaifinsa, Fred,  yayi aiki ne a matsayin ɗan kasuwa mai tafiye-tafiye wanda ke sayar da injin da ke rufe takardu . Iyalin Hale sun ƙaura sau da yawa yayin yarinta saboda aikin mahaifinsa, sun sake ƙaura zuwa Fort Worth lokacin da yake ɗan shekara bakwai kafin ya tafi Lubbock a lokacin Girmamar Damuwa. Ya yi fama da cutar sankara ta jiki wanda ya haifar masa da tawayar fuska. Ya halarci makarantar sakandaren Eastland, inda ya kammala karatu a shekarar 1939.&lt;ref name=TNHOF&gt;{{cite web|title=Leon Hale|url=https://www.tnf.net/leon-hale|access-date=March 27, 2021|work=Texas Newspaper Hall of Fame|publisher=Texas Newspaper Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Hale ya ci gaba da karatu a Jami'ar Tech Tech . Ya rubuta wa jaridar ɗalibai ta, ''The Toreador'', insha'i, mukaloli da ra'ayoyii. Ɗaya daga cikin malamarsa a wurin, Alan Stroud, ya daukaka rubuce-rubucen Hale amma ya ba shi maki saboda rashin iya rubutu.  

== Aiki ==
Hale ya samu aiki a ''[[Houston Post]]'' a cikin 1952. Ya bunƙasa a cikin wannan yanayin aikin, tare da abokan aikinsa suna lura da yadda ya kasance marubuci wanda ba ya buƙatar bita. Ya kuma wallafa littafinsa na farko, ''Bonney's Place'', a cikin 1972. Ya samu mabiya da yawa masu bi, kuma dukda cewa ya rubuta fina-fina har guda hudu, babu wanda aka samu damar aikinsa har zuwa mutuwar Hale. 

== Littattafai ==
Hale ya rubuta littattafai goma sha ɗaya. Ga kaɗan daga ciki:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Leon Hale, Columnist|url=https://www.chron.com/author/leon-hale/|accessdate=March 27, 2021|newspaper=Houston Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Turn South at the Second Bridge'' (1965)&lt;ref name=&quot;Borders&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UftIAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=jQINAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6178,4448160&amp;dq=leon-hale+turn-south-at-the-second-bridge&amp;hl=en|title=Books to curl up with on an autumn night|last=Borders|first=Gary|date=November 26, 2000|work=[[Record-Journal]]|page=E3|accessdate=February 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Bonney's Place'' (1972)&lt;ref name=&quot;Cohen&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=h9wqAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=WNoFAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=2897,3423774&amp;dq=leon-hale+bonney's-place&amp;hl=en|title=Author's story compelling|last=Cohen|first=George|date=November 16, 1986|work=[[The Beaver County Times]]|page=4|accessdate=February 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Addison'' (1978)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XlFCAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=6qoMAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6742,4131922&amp;dq=leon-hale+addison&amp;hl=en|title=Your library|last=Greene|first=Beverly|date=March 16, 1979|work=Middlesboro Daily News|page=4|accessdate=February 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''A Smile from Katie Hattan'' (1982)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ajHuPQAACAAJ|title=A Smile from Katie Hattan &amp; Other Natural Wonders|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1982|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672079}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Easy Going'' (1983)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=my0bAQAAIAAJ|title=Easy Going|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1983|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672109}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''One Man's Christmas'' (1984)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mp9-8DLC2j8C|title=One Man's Christmas|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1984|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672246}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Paper Hero'' (1986)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=szqTAAAAIAAJ|title=Paper Hero|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1986|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672369}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Texas Chronicles'' (1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AHDOPQAACAAJ|title=Texas Chronicles|publisher=Shearer Publishing|year=1989|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780940672505}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Home Spun'' (1997)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S0R5AAAAMAAJ|title=Home Spun: A Collection|publisher=Winedale Publishing|year=1997|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780965746823}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Supper Time'' (1999)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7oKAAAACAAJ|title=Supper Time|publisher=Winedale Publishing|year=1999|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780965746830}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Old Friends: A Collection'' (2004)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UALzAAAAMAAJ|title=Old Friends: A Collection|publisher=Winedale Publishing|year=2004|last=Hale|first=Leon|isbn=9780975272701}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Iyali==
Hale ya saki matansa na farko guda biyu. Ya haɗu da matarsa ta ukku, Babette Fraser a shekarar 1981. Sun zauna a Houston da [[Winedale, Texas]], kuma auren su ya ɗore har zuwa mutuwar shi.

==Mutuwa==
Gale ya mutu ranar 27 ga watan Maris, na shekarar 2021. Yana da shekaru 99 a duniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chronicle obit&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=Haldeman/&gt;

==Hanyoyin haɗin waje==
* Hale, Leon and Gabrielle Hale. [http://digital.houstonlibrary.net/oral-history/leon-hale.php Leon Hale Oral History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013191606/https://digital.houstonlibrary.net/oral-history/leon-hale.php |date=2022-10-13 }}, Houston Oral History Project, November 29, 2007.
* Hale, Leon. [http://blog.chron.com/leonhale/ Leon Hale: A blog featuring Houston Chronicle columnist Leon Hale.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321020939/http://blog.chron.com/leonhale/ |date=2014-03-21 }}
* Hale, Leon. [https://www.facebook.com/Leon-Hale-134621825192/ Leon Hale, Author: A Facebook page by Leon Hale and his fans.]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hale, Leon}}
[[Category: Haifaffun 1921]]
[[Category: Matattun 2021]]
[[Category:20th-century American journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century American journalists]]
[[Category:Houston Chronicle people]]
[[Category:Houston Post people]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Texas]]
[[Category:People from Stephenville, Texas]]
[[Category:Texas Tech University alumni]]
[[Category:United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Writers from Texas]]
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    <title>Yaƙe-yaƙen Adamawa</title>
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[[File:Adamawa assembly coat.png|thumb|tabarin adamawa]]
'''Yaƙe-yaƙen na Adamawa''' A alif dari takwas da casa'in da tara  (1899-zuwa alif dari tara da bakwai 1907) da kuma farko jerin balaguro ne na soja da rikicin kan iyaka tsakanin Schutztruppe na Jamusawa a Kamerun da [[Fulani|jihohin Fula]] Sunni Musulmai da kabilun da ke wani yanki na [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] (Kalifancin da aka kafa a lokacin Jihadin Fulani). musamman [[Masarautar Adamawa]] da ke arewacin rabin yankin. Bayan waɗannan yankuna an haɗasu babban juriya ya ci gaba tsawon shekaru kuma tarzoma da yawa sun faru.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Woodruff D. |title=German Colonial Empire. |date=1978 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |location=Chapel Hill |isbn=9781469610252 |page=81 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lPFrK8_uXzUC |access-date=26 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yaƙi. ==
Yankunan da ke arewacin ɓangaren Kamerun da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Jamusawa (German control) kai tsaye sun kasance ɗayan Daular Sakkwato ko ta [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], waɗanda tare da [[Daular Usmaniyya]] su ne ƙasashen da suka rage a zamanin [[Khalifofi|Halifofin]]. Yayin da kuma karfin Bornu ya yi rauni bayan mamayar ta na wani lokaci da jagoran yakin Sudan din Rabih az-Zubayr, Sakkwato ta kasance tana nan daram. Sakkwato masarauta ce ta [[Musulunci]] &lt;nowiki/&gt;wacce ke iko da masarautu masarautu kai tsaye, mafi girma shine Adamawa. A shekara ta 1890 Adamawa ta faɗi saboda saboda yadda ƙasashen waje suka haɗa kansu a gwagwarmayar cikin gida, kamar yadda wata ƙasa ta Mahdis ta ɓullo a cikin Masarautar,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;They Leave Their Jars Behind: The Conversion of Mafa Women to Islam&quot; p.82&lt;/ref&gt; kuma tana da kan iyakokin da ke da alaƙa da iƙirarin mulkin mallaka na Jamusawa a yankin, duk da cewa ta ci gaba da bijirewa a yankin kiwo.


Saboda dalilai na tattalin arziƙi da siyasa Jamusawa sun himmatu don fadada mulkin mallaka zuwa Adamawa,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;History of Cameroon Since 1800&quot; p.78&lt;/ref&gt; don haka aka fara balaguron binciken yankin don fara binciken, da niyyar ƙarshe kwace shi da ƙarfi. Koyaya har zuwa shekarar 1898 har ilayau Jamusawa sun fi mai da hankali kan yaƙe-yaƙe na Bafut, suna ƙoƙarin cinyewa da sasanta sarakunan masarauta na tsakiya da arewa maso yammacin Kamerun, maimakon yaɗuwa arewa maso gabas.

== Balaguron Tibati. ==
Balaguron soja na fadada Kamerun na Jamus zuwa arewa zuwa yankin Sahel, a karkashin hujjar kawo karshen cinikin bayi na Musulunci a yankin, ya kuma fara ne cikin watan Janairun shekarar 1899,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Deutsche Kolonial-Zeitung: Volume 18&quot; p.181&lt;/ref&gt; tare da Schutztruppe karkashin umarnin Kyaftin Oltwig von Kamptz ya bar [[Douala]] don arewa don subutar da masarautar Tibati a kudancin Adamawa.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;History of Cameroon Since 1800&quot; p. 78&lt;/ref&gt; Tibati ya yi tsayin daka sosai, kuma ƙabilar Bulu da ke tsohuwar iyakar kudancin Adamawa ta tashi cikin tawaye, mayaƙan Bulu suka yi tattaki zuwa Kribi da ke bakin teku suka rusa aikin Katolika a can.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Historians' History of the World: A Comprehensive Narrative of the Rise and Development of Nations as Recorded by Over Two Thousand of the Great Writers of All Ages&quot; Volume 15, p.561&lt;/ref&gt; Sai bayan da aka kara yawan sojoji a cikin yankin da kuma kamfe mai tsanani wanda ya kai har zuwa shekarar 1901 sannan aka sami kwanciyar hankali a yankin kuma aka kame Tibati Sultan, fada ta kama fadarsa.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Journal of the African Society&quot; p. 85&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasara da Filato na Adamawa ==
[[File:Angehörige_der_Schutztruppe_Kamerun_am_Tschadsee_im_Mai_1902._Untere_Reihe_rechts_Hauptmann_Hans_Glauning_(1868-1908)._Aus_Oscar_Zimmermann_Durch_Busch_und_Steppe_Berlin_1909_Seite_206.jpg|right|thumb| Hans Dominik, Oscar Zimmerman, Curt von Pavel da sauran jami'an Jamusawa sun huta don daukar hoto bayan sun isa Tafkin Chadi. (Mayu 2, 1902)]]
A lokacin rani na shekarar 1901 duk da rikice-rikicen da suka gabata tare da Masarautar, Laftanar Hans Dominik an umurce shi da ya sadu da Sarki {{Interlanguage link|Zubairu ibn Aadama|de|Djubayru b. Aadama}} don cimma yarjejeniya kan yankunan da ake fafatawa da su da kuma tunanin mayar da Adamawa ta zama kariyar mulkin mallaka na Jamusawa, kamar yadda Jamus ta yi ikirarin duk yankin tsakanin Kogin Sanaga da Tafkin Chadi, da kuma yin balaguro zuwa arewa mai nisa. Koyaya, yin watsi da umarni daga gwamna {{Interlanguage link|Jesko from Puttkamer|de|Jesko from Puttkamer}}, Kanar {{Interlanguage link|Rudolf Cramer von Clausbruch|de|Rudolf Cramer von Clausbruch (Offizier)}} kawo Schutztruppe nasa daga yamma ya mamaye Adamawa, ya mamaye garin Ngaoundéré a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta  Ganin damar da suka samu na neman kasonsu na Masarautar, sai Turawan Ingila suka tura runduna karkashin Kanar Thomas Morland daga Najeriya don kai hari da mamaye [[Yola]] a watan Satumba, wanda ya sa Sarki Zubairu ya gudu daga babban birninta. Dominik tare da rundunarsa sun yi yaƙi a can hanyar arewa maso yamma zuwa Ngaoundéré inda suka haɗa kai da sojojin Clausbruch kafin su kai hari a ƙetaren [[Benue (kogi)|Kogin]] Benuwe suka kame garin [[Garwa|Garoua]]. Daya daga cikin masu mulkin Fula da ke adawa da ci gaban Jamusawa (kamar galibin sahabbansa) shi ne Mal Hammadou, wanda Jamusawan suka lalata sojojinsa. Laftanar Radke, wanda ke jagorantar runduna ta mutane 47, ya yi tattaki zuwa babban birnin Hammadou na Rei Buba a watan Nuwamba, kuma ya auka wa wata runduna mai ƙarfi ta Fulani a wani wuri da ke bayan garin, kusan rasa yaƙin, amma yana iya yin nasara da hanyar abokan gaba zuwa cajin bayoneti na ƙarshe kafin tafiya akan Rei Buba kanta. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Studia Orientalia: Edited by the Finnish Oriental Society&quot; Volume 103, p. 30&lt;/ref&gt; Harbe-harbe sun mamaye babban birnin Hammadou kafin a kamo shi, lamarin da ya sa ya gudu. Jamusawa sun maye gurbinsa a matsayin shugaban gida (mai riƙe da taken ''Ardo'') da Bouba Djama. 

=== Agaji ===
Zubairu ya kuma je neman tallafi a Sakkwato kuma ya dawo da dakaru masu yawa na Fulanin doki da na dakaru, sannan kuma ya nemi tallafi daga kungiyar Mahadist a Adamawa, ba abokin gaba ga Sarki ba tun bayan rasuwar Hayutu bn Said a shekarar 1892, kuma wanene tausayawa da kiran da Sarkin ya yi na jihadi a kan maharan na Jamus. Koyaya, masu ba da labari sun gaya wa Jamusawan shirin na Zubairu, duk da wannan, Jamusawan sun so yin tattaunawar sulhu a Garoua da amfani da Zubairu a matsayin yar tsana, suna ba shi damar ci gaba da mulki saboda taimakon da ya samu a kan sauran masarautu da masarautu a Sokoto. Maimakon haka sai Sarkin ya kaiwa Garoua hari da karfi sosai a watan Nuwamba shekarar 1901. Duk da haka an ci Zubairu da fatattaka, rundunarsa ta yi hasarar kusan mutum 300. Gudu ya yi zuwa Maroua, Zubairu ya yi ƙoƙarin tayar da wata runduna, amma Laftana Dominik ya jagoranci wasu ƙananan rundunonin Schutztruppe suna bi. A yanke hukunci {{Interlanguage link|of Maroua|de|Gefecht von Miskin-Maroua}} wata rundunar fulanin dawakai ta Fulani karkashin jagorancin Zubairu da Ahmadou Rufai, tare da goyon bayan masu goyon bayan Mahadist, Schutztruppe ya sake kayar da su, duk da cewa Zubairu da Rufai sun sake tserewa.

=== Bayan yaki ===
Bayan Yaƙin a Maroua, Zubairu da magoya bayansa da yawa sun tsere zuwa cikin tsaunukan Mandara da ke zurfafa zuwa Daular Sakkwato. Hans Dominik ya sa aka kashe sarkin Fulanin yankin Bakari Yadji saboda taimakawa Zubairu tserewa a wannan yankin zuwa [[Madagali]], kuma aka sanya ɗansa Hamman a matsayin mai mulkin yankin.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;They Leave Their Jars Behind: The Conversion of Mafa Women to Islam&quot; p. 84&lt;/ref&gt; Tare da fatattakar sojoji da kuma fitar da Zubairu a matsayin wanda ya mallaki Fulanin a siyasance da siyasa a Adamawa, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Jamus ta hade yankin daga Sakkwato, ta katse dangantakar da ke tarihi da cibiyar Fulani a Yola sannan ta maye gurbinsu da alaka da kujerar ikon zama Garoua a matsayin sabuwar cibiyar siyasa da tattalin arziki. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1902 Sultan Umar na Mandara ya yi mubaya'a ga Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II na kasar Jamus, kuma a farkon watan Mayun shekarar 1902 wani balaguro ya isa gefen kudancin tafkin Chadi. Duk da cewa yana gudun hijira Zubairu ya aika wakilai don ɗaukar fansa a kan Jamusawa. A cikin watan Janairun shekarar 1903 daya daga cikin mukarrabansa, Yerima Mustapha, ya shirya haduwa sannan ya kashe Bajamushe mazaunin Maroua, Graf Fugger, da wata kwaryar guba, wanda ya sa Dominik tsunduma cikin tsananin mamayar garin. Zubairu da kansa an kashe shi a ƙarshen wannan shekarar ta hanyar abokan hamayyarsa na kabilanci a Biritaniya ta Najeriya. A cikin shekarar 1903 Jamus da Birtaniyya suka raba yankin bisa hukuma, wanda ya biyo bayan yadda aka kawo karshen Khalifanci na Sakkwato. Wannan ya kafa cikakken ikon Jamusanci na arewacin Kamerun har zuwa gabar [[Tabkin Chadi|tafkin Chadi]] a cikin Bornu.

== Tsagaitawa ==
Tsakanin shekarar 1903 da shekarar 1907 al'amura sun lafa a sassan tsohuwar Kalifancin Sokoto da Schutztruppe ya mamaye. Koyaya a karkashin mulkin Jamusawa Musulmai sun ga ta kansu a kan kare addininsu, kuma an sami gagarumar tawaye a lokacin bazara na shekarar 1907.

Bayan aikin hajji a [[Makkah|Makka]], Mal Alhadji ya dawo zuwa arewacin Kamerun, kuma a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ''Malam'' (masanin ilimin addinin Kur'ani) Liman Arabu, ya fara wa'azin [[Mahdi|Mahadiyya]] a ko'ina cikin Adamawa. A watan Yuni ya fara tawayen Mahdist da ke adawa da mulkin Jamusa a kusa da Maroua, yana mai cewa an nada shi ne don ya isar da su ga Mahadi daga mulkin mallaka da kuma daga sarakunan Musulmai masu biyayya ga daular Jamus,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Paideuma Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde&quot;· Volumes 1-40, p.124&lt;/ref&gt; girka kansa a Goudoum- Goudoum, ƙungiya daga Fulani da Larabawa shuwa a cikin arewa mai nisa. A lokaci guda, Goni Waday, wani Mahdist wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya tafi Makka, ya ƙaddamar da tawaye a Ngaoundéré bayan ya tattara goyon baya tare da huɗubarsa masu daɗin jihadi daga Masallatan garin don korar Kiristocin Jamusawa da maido da tsohuwar halifanci. 

Mal Alhadji ya koma arewa don kayar da Schutztruppe, yana ƙona ƙauyukan da ake ganin masu haɗin gwiwa ne da Turawa a kan hanyar. A farkon watan Yulin da ya gabata sojojin Mahdist sun kai hari a sansanin Jamusawa da ke Malam-Petel (wanda Capt ya ba da umarnin. Zimmermann), amma nan da nan suka gamu da harbe-harbe, kuma bayan asara mai yawa dole su ja da baya. Zimarfin Zimmermann ya bi Alhadji, suka kama shi a Doumru. Jamusawan sun ba da Alhadji ga mai mulkin yankin Maroua, ''Lamido'' Soudi, kuma an fille kansa a bainar jama'a a cikin kasuwar Maroua tare da wasu abokan aikinsa. Jamusawan sun kashe ''Malam'' Arabu saboda ya taka rawar gani a tawayen Alhadji. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde&quot;· Volumes 1-40, p.125&lt;/ref&gt; A halin yanzu, mai mulkin Ngaoundéré, ya damu da ramuwar gayya daga Jamusanci, ya kori Waday da 'yan tawayen sa daga yankin sa. Waday da mabiyansa sun yanke shawarar zuwa arewa zuwa Garoua da nufin kame shi. Sun tsallaka Kogin Benuwe zuwa kudu maso gabashin garin Garoua, sai rundunar ta Fulani ta rufe. Schutztruppe sun tura runduna a karkashin Laftanar Nitschmann zuwa Guébaké, inda a ranar 18 ga watan Yulin, shekarar 1907, suka yi wa Fulanin kwanton bauna zuwa Garoua. An yiwa Gaday ruwan wuta da bindiga kuma an kashe shi, kuma Mahdists na baya ne kawai suka tsere wa kwanto. A watan Agusta shekarar 1907, an murkushe 'yan tawayen da ke arewacin Adamawa, wanda ya kawo karshen tawayen. Don hana afkuwar irin wannan tawaye Jamusawa suka tara shugabannin Fulanin da suka goyi bayan Gaday suka rataye su a Garoua. Saboda Alhadji da Gaday sun dawo daga aikin [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]] kwanan nan, an sanya takunkumi kuma mahajjata zuwa Makka sun sami izini kafin. 

Tare da kawo karshen rikicin Mahdist na Adamawa da dukkan Kamerun za su ga kwanciyar hankali har zuwa Kamerun Kamfen na Yaƙin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Duniya na ɗaya]].

== Majiya ==

* Martin Njeuma: ''Tsarin Usmanuya, Tsattsauran ra'ayi da Kafuwar Mulkin Mallaka na Jamusawa a Arewacin Kamaru, 1890-1907'', Frobenius 1994
* Florian Hoffmann: ''Okkupation und Militärverwaltung a cikin Kamerun.'' ''Etablierung und Institutionalisierung des kolonialen Gewaltmonopols 1891-1919'', Göttingen 2007
* Hans Dominik: ''Vom Atlantik zum Tschadsee: Kriegs- und Forschungsfahrten a Kamerun'', Harvard 1908
* Holger Weiss: ''Cinikin Haramtacciyar Kasuwa a cikin bayi daga Jamhuriyar Kamaru ta Arewa zuwa Biritaniya ta Arewacin Najeriya'', Wisconsin 2000

== Manazarta ==

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[[File:Adamawa assembly coat.png|thumb|tabarin adamawa]]
'''Yaƙe-yaƙen na Adamawa''' A alif dari takwas da casa'in da tara  (1899-zuwa alif dari tara da bakwai 1907) da kuma farko jerin balaguro ne na soja da rikicin kan iyaka tsakanin Schutztruppe na Jamusawa a Kamerun da [[Fulani|jihohin Fula]] Sunni Musulmai da kabilun da ke wani yanki na [[Daular Sokoto|Daular Sakkwato]] (Kalifancin da aka kafa a lokacin Jihadin Fulani). musamman [[Masarautar Adamawa]] da ke arewacin rabin yankin. Bayan waɗannan yankuna an haɗasu babban juriya ya ci gaba tsawon shekaru kuma tarzoma da yawa sun faru.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Woodruff D. |title=German Colonial Empire. |date=1978 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |location=Chapel Hill |isbn=9781469610252 |page=81 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lPFrK8_uXzUC |access-date=26 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yaƙi. ==
Yankunan da ke arewacin ɓangaren Kamerun da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Jamusawa (German control) kai tsaye sun kasance ɗayan Daular Sakkwato ko ta [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], waɗanda tare da [[Daular Usmaniyya]] su ne ƙasashen da suka rage a zamanin [[Khalifofi|Halifofin]]. Yayin da kuma karfin Bornu ya yi rauni bayan mamayar ta na wani lokaci da jagoran yakin Sudan din Rabih az-Zubayr, Sakkwato ta kasance tana nan daram. Sakkwato masarauta ce ta [[Musulunci]] &lt;nowiki/&gt;wacce ke iko da masarautu masarautu kai tsaye, mafi girma shine Adamawa. A shekara ta 1890 Adamawa ta faɗi saboda saboda yadda ƙasashen waje suka haɗa kansu a gwagwarmayar cikin gida, kamar yadda wata ƙasa ta Mahdis ta ɓullo a cikin Masarautar,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;They Leave Their Jars Behind: The Conversion of Mafa Women to Islam&quot; p.82&lt;/ref&gt; kuma tana da kan iyakokin da ke da alaƙa da iƙirarin mulkin mallaka na Jamusawa a yankin, duk da cewa ta ci gaba da bijirewa a yankin kiwo.


Saboda dalilai na tattalin arziƙi da siyasa Jamusawa sun himmatu don fadada mulkin mallaka zuwa Adamawa,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;History of Cameroon Since 1800&quot; p.78&lt;/ref&gt; don haka aka fara balaguron binciken yankin don fara binciken, da niyyar ƙarshe kwace shi da ƙarfi. Koyaya har zuwa shekarar 1898 har ilayau Jamusawa sun fi mai da hankali kan yaƙe-yaƙe na Bafut, suna ƙoƙarin cinyewa da sasanta sarakunan masarauta na tsakiya da arewa maso yammacin Kamerun, maimakon yaɗuwa arewa maso gabas.

== Balaguron Tibati. ==
Balaguron soja na fadada Kamerun na Jamus zuwa arewa zuwa yankin Sahel, a karkashin hujjar kawo karshen cinikin bayi na Musulunci a yankin, ya kuma fara ne cikin watan Janairun shekarar 1899,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Deutsche Kolonial-Zeitung: Volume 18&quot; p.181&lt;/ref&gt; tare da Schutztruppe karkashin umarnin Kyaftin Oltwig von Kamptz ya bar [[Douala]] don arewa don subutar da masarautar Tibati a kudancin Adamawa.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;History of Cameroon Since 1800&quot; p. 78&lt;/ref&gt; Tibati ya yi tsayin daka sosai, kuma ƙabilar Bulu da ke tsohuwar iyakar kudancin Adamawa ta tashi cikin tawaye, mayaƙan Bulu suka yi tattaki zuwa Kribi da ke bakin teku suka rusa aikin Katolika a can.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Historians' History of the World: A Comprehensive Narrative of the Rise and Development of Nations as Recorded by Over Two Thousand of the Great Writers of All Ages&quot; Volume 15, p.561&lt;/ref&gt; Sai bayan da aka kara yawan sojoji a cikin yankin da kuma kamfe mai tsanani wanda ya kai har zuwa shekarar 1901 sannan aka sami kwanciyar hankali a yankin kuma aka kame Tibati Sultan, fada ta kama fadarsa.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Journal of the African Society&quot; p. 85&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasara da Filato na Adamawa ==
[[File:Angehörige_der_Schutztruppe_Kamerun_am_Tschadsee_im_Mai_1902._Untere_Reihe_rechts_Hauptmann_Hans_Glauning_(1868-1908)._Aus_Oscar_Zimmermann_Durch_Busch_und_Steppe_Berlin_1909_Seite_206.jpg|right|thumb| Hans Dominik, Oscar Zimmerman, Curt von Pavel da sauran jami'an Jamusawa sun huta don daukar hoto bayan sun isa Tafkin Chadi. (Mayu 2, 1902)]]
A lokacin rani na shekarar 1901 duk da rikice-rikicen da suka gabata tare da Masarautar, Laftanar Hans Dominik an umurce shi da ya sadu da Sarki {{Interlanguage link|Zubairu ibn Aadama|de|Djubayru b. Aadama}} don cimma yarjejeniya kan yankunan da ake fafatawa da su da kuma tunanin mayar da Adamawa ta zama kariyar mulkin mallaka na Jamusawa, kamar yadda Jamus ta yi ikirarin duk yankin tsakanin Kogin Sanaga da Tafkin Chadi, da kuma yin balaguro zuwa arewa mai nisa. Koyaya, yin watsi da umarni daga gwamna {{Interlanguage link|Jesko from Puttkamer|de|Jesko from Puttkamer}}, Kanar {{Interlanguage link|Rudolf Cramer von Clausbruch|de|Rudolf Cramer von Clausbruch (Offizier)}} kawo Schutztruppe nasa daga yamma ya mamaye Adamawa, ya mamaye garin Ngaoundéré a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta  Ganin damar da suka samu na neman kasonsu na Masarautar, sai Turawan Ingila suka tura runduna karkashin Kanar Thomas Morland daga Najeriya don kai hari da mamaye [[Yola]] a watan Satumba, wanda ya sa Sarki Zubairu ya gudu daga babban birninta. Dominik tare da rundunarsa sun yi yaƙi a can hanyar arewa maso yamma zuwa Ngaoundéré inda suka haɗa kai da sojojin Clausbruch kafin su kai hari a ƙetaren [[Benue (kogi)|Kogin]] Benuwe suka kame garin [[Garwa|Garoua]]. Daya daga cikin masu mulkin Fula da ke adawa da ci gaban Jamusawa (kamar galibin sahabbansa) shi ne Mal Hammadou, wanda Jamusawan suka lalata sojojinsa. Laftanar Radke, wanda ke jagorantar runduna ta mutane 47, ya kuma yi tattaki zuwa babban birnin Hammadou na Rei Buba a watan Nuwamba, kuma ya auka wa wata runduna mai ƙarfi ta Fulani a wani wuri da ke bayan garin, kusan rasa yaƙin, amma yana iya yin nasara da hanyar abokan gaba zuwa cajin bayoneti na ƙarshe kafin tafiya akan Rei Buba kanta. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Studia Orientalia: Edited by the Finnish Oriental Society&quot; Volume 103, p. 30&lt;/ref&gt; Harbe-harbe sun mamaye babban birnin Hammadou kafin a kamo shi, lamarin da ya sa ya gudu. Jamusawa sun maye gurbinsa a matsayin shugaban gida (mai riƙe da taken ''Ardo'') da Bouba Djama. 

=== Agaji ===
Zubairu ya kuma je neman tallafi a Sakkwato kuma ya dawo da dakaru masu yawa na Fulanin doki da na dakaru, sannan kuma ya nemi tallafi daga kungiyar Mahadist a Adamawa, ba abokin gaba ga Sarki ba tun bayan rasuwar Hayutu bn Said a shekarar 1892, kuma wanene tausayawa da kiran da Sarkin ya yi na jihadi a kan maharan na Jamus. Koyaya, masu ba da labari sun gaya wa Jamusawan shirin na Zubairu, duk da wannan, Jamusawan sun so yin tattaunawar sulhu a Garoua da amfani da Zubairu a matsayin yar tsana, suna ba shi damar ci gaba da mulki saboda taimakon da ya samu a kan sauran masarautu da masarautu a Sokoto. Maimakon haka sai Sarkin ya kaiwa Garoua hari da karfi sosai a watan Nuwamba shekarar 1901. Duk da haka an ci Zubairu da fatattaka, rundunarsa ta yi hasarar kusan mutum 300. Gudu ya yi zuwa Maroua, Zubairu ya yi ƙoƙarin tayar da wata runduna, amma Laftana Dominik ya jagoranci wasu ƙananan rundunonin Schutztruppe suna bi. A yanke hukunci {{Interlanguage link|of Maroua|de|Gefecht von Miskin-Maroua}} wata rundunar fulanin dawakai ta Fulani karkashin jagorancin Zubairu da Ahmadou Rufai, tare da goyon bayan masu goyon bayan Mahadist, Schutztruppe ya sake kayar da su, duk da cewa Zubairu da Rufai sun sake tserewa.

=== Bayan yaki ===
Bayan Yaƙin a Maroua, Zubairu da magoya bayansa da yawa sun tsere zuwa cikin tsaunukan Mandara da ke zurfafa zuwa Daular Sakkwato. Hans Dominik ya sa aka kashe sarkin Fulanin yankin Bakari Yadji saboda taimakawa Zubairu tserewa a wannan yankin zuwa [[Madagali]], kuma aka sanya ɗansa Hamman a matsayin mai mulkin yankin.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;They Leave Their Jars Behind: The Conversion of Mafa Women to Islam&quot; p. 84&lt;/ref&gt; Tare da fatattakar sojoji da kuma fitar da Zubairu a matsayin wanda ya mallaki Fulanin a siyasance da siyasa a Adamawa, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Jamus ta hade yankin daga Sakkwato, ta katse dangantakar da ke tarihi da cibiyar Fulani a Yola sannan ta maye gurbinsu da alaka da kujerar ikon zama Garoua a matsayin sabuwar cibiyar siyasa da tattalin arziki. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1902 Sultan Umar na Mandara ya yi mubaya'a ga Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II na kasar Jamus, kuma a farkon watan Mayun shekarar 1902 wani balaguro ya isa gefen kudancin tafkin Chadi. Duk da cewa yana gudun hijira Zubairu ya aika wakilai don ɗaukar fansa a kan Jamusawa. A cikin watan Janairun shekarar 1903 daya daga cikin mukarrabansa, Yerima Mustapha, ya shirya haduwa sannan ya kashe Bajamushe mazaunin Maroua, Graf Fugger, da wata kwaryar guba, wanda ya sa Dominik tsunduma cikin tsananin mamayar garin. Zubairu da kansa an kashe shi a ƙarshen wannan shekarar ta hanyar abokan hamayyarsa na kabilanci a Biritaniya ta Najeriya. A cikin shekarar 1903 Jamus da Birtaniyya suka raba yankin bisa hukuma, wanda ya biyo bayan yadda aka kawo karshen Khalifanci na Sakkwato. Wannan ya kafa cikakken ikon Jamusanci na arewacin Kamerun har zuwa gabar [[Tabkin Chadi|tafkin Chadi]] a cikin Bornu.

== Tsagaitawa ==
Tsakanin shekarar 1903 da shekarar 1907 al'amura sun lafa a sassan tsohuwar Kalifancin Sokoto da Schutztruppe ya mamaye. Koyaya a karkashin mulkin Jamusawa Musulmai sun ga ta kansu a kan kare addininsu, kuma an sami gagarumar tawaye a lokacin bazara na shekarar 1907.

Bayan aikin hajji a [[Makkah|Makka]], Mal Alhadji ya dawo zuwa arewacin Kamerun, kuma a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ''Malam'' (masanin ilimin addinin Kur'ani) Liman Arabu, ya fara wa'azin [[Mahdi|Mahadiyya]] a ko'ina cikin Adamawa. A watan Yuni ya fara tawayen Mahdist da ke adawa da mulkin Jamusa a kusa da Maroua, yana mai cewa an nada shi ne don ya isar da su ga Mahadi daga mulkin mallaka da kuma daga sarakunan Musulmai masu biyayya ga daular Jamus,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Paideuma Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde&quot;· Volumes 1-40, p.124&lt;/ref&gt; girka kansa a Goudoum- Goudoum, ƙungiya daga Fulani da Larabawa shuwa a cikin arewa mai nisa. A lokaci guda, Goni Waday, wani Mahdist wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya tafi Makka, ya ƙaddamar da tawaye a Ngaoundéré bayan ya tattara goyon baya tare da huɗubarsa masu daɗin jihadi daga Masallatan garin don korar Kiristocin Jamusawa da maido da tsohuwar halifanci. 

Mal Alhadji ya koma arewa don kayar da Schutztruppe, yana ƙona ƙauyukan da ake ganin masu haɗin gwiwa ne da Turawa a kan hanyar. A farkon watan Yulin da ya gabata sojojin Mahdist sun kai hari a sansanin Jamusawa da ke Malam-Petel (wanda Capt ya ba da umarnin. Zimmermann), amma nan da nan suka gamu da harbe-harbe, kuma bayan asara mai yawa dole su ja da baya. Zimarfin Zimmermann ya bi Alhadji, suka kama shi a Doumru. Jamusawan sun ba da Alhadji ga mai mulkin yankin Maroua, ''Lamido'' Soudi, kuma an fille kansa a bainar jama'a a cikin kasuwar Maroua tare da wasu abokan aikinsa. Jamusawan sun kashe ''Malam'' Arabu saboda ya taka rawar gani a tawayen Alhadji. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde&quot;· Volumes 1-40, p.125&lt;/ref&gt; A halin yanzu, mai mulkin Ngaoundéré, ya damu da ramuwar gayya daga Jamusanci, ya kori Waday da 'yan tawayen sa daga yankin sa. Waday da mabiyansa sun yanke shawarar zuwa arewa zuwa Garoua da nufin kame shi. Sun tsallaka Kogin Benuwe zuwa kudu maso gabashin garin Garoua, sai rundunar ta Fulani ta rufe. Schutztruppe sun tura runduna a karkashin Laftanar Nitschmann zuwa Guébaké, inda a ranar 18 ga watan Yulin, shekarar 1907, suka yi wa Fulanin kwanton bauna zuwa Garoua. An yiwa Gaday ruwan wuta da bindiga kuma an kashe shi, kuma Mahdists na baya ne kawai suka tsere wa kwanto. A watan Agusta shekarar 1907, an murkushe 'yan tawayen da ke arewacin Adamawa, wanda ya kawo karshen tawayen. Don hana afkuwar irin wannan tawaye Jamusawa suka tara shugabannin Fulanin da suka goyi bayan Gaday suka rataye su a Garoua. Saboda Alhadji da Gaday sun dawo daga aikin [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]] kwanan nan, an sanya takunkumi kuma mahajjata zuwa Makka sun sami izini kafin. 

Tare da kawo karshen rikicin Mahdist na Adamawa da dukkan Kamerun za su ga kwanciyar hankali har zuwa Kamerun Kamfen na Yaƙin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Duniya na ɗaya]].

== Majiya ==

* Martin Njeuma: ''Tsarin Usmanuya, Tsattsauran ra'ayi da Kafuwar Mulkin Mallaka na Jamusawa a Arewacin Kamaru, 1890-1907'', Frobenius 1994
* Florian Hoffmann: ''Okkupation und Militärverwaltung a cikin Kamerun.'' ''Etablierung und Institutionalisierung des kolonialen Gewaltmonopols 1891-1919'', Göttingen 2007
* Hans Dominik: ''Vom Atlantik zum Tschadsee: Kriegs- und Forschungsfahrten a Kamerun'', Harvard 1908
* Holger Weiss: ''Cinikin Haramtacciyar Kasuwa a cikin bayi daga Jamhuriyar Kamaru ta Arewa zuwa Biritaniya ta Arewacin Najeriya'', Wisconsin 2000

== Manazarta ==

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'''Nassima el Hor''' ta kasan ce mai gabatar da shirin gidan talabijin a kasar ([[Morocco]]) ɗaya daga cikin sanannu tsawon shekaru (25). &lt;ref name=&quot;ftw&quot;&gt;&quot;Kiss and make up: Nassima el Hor is changing the face of Moroccan TV&quot;, ''[[Financial Times|FT Weekend]]'' magazine, 6 Feb 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
El Hor ya kuma ɗauki baƙuncin ''Magana ta Gaskiya'' da ''bayyane'' don [[2M TV|TV na 2M, manyan shirye-shirye]] biyu masu ban mamaki wadanda suka tattauna batun [[takunkumi]] da [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokiradiyya]] a cikin al'ummar Morocco.&lt;ref name=&quot;ftw2&quot;&gt;&quot;Kiss and make up: Nassima el Hor is changing the face of Moroccan TV&quot;, ''[[Financial Times|FT Weekend]]'' magazine, 6 Feb 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kirkiro shirin ''Farin Fata ne (Al Kkayt Al Abyad)'' kuma tana gabatar dashi tun lokacin da aka fara shi a watan Afrilun shekarar (2009). Taken yana [[Karin magana|nuni da karin maganar]] Maroko game da matsakanci da ke amfani da irin wannan zaren don haɗa makiya. A wasan kwaikwayon, mutane suna kawo bambance-bambancensu na sirri a bayyane kuma el Hor na kokarin [[Rikice-rikice|sasanta]] jama'a, wanda kuma [[Masanin ilimin psychologist|masanin halayyar]] dan adam da lauya ya taimaka. Ta yi bayanin cewa ana buƙatar wasan kwaikwayon don cike gibi yayin da [[Keɓancewa|mutum yake]] rayuwa ta zamani ya kau da al'adun da za a warware bambance-bambance ta hanyar gama gari, a cikin [[souk]] ko maƙwabta.&lt;ref name=&quot;ftw3&quot;&gt;&quot;Kiss and make up: Nassima el Hor is changing the face of Moroccan TV&quot;, ''[[Financial Times|FT Weekend]]'' magazine, 6 Feb 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

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'''Grémah Boucar''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Grémah Boukar Koura''', ɗan [[Nijar (ƙasa)|jaridar Nijar]] ne.

An haifi Boucar a ranar 2 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1959, a [[Maine-Soroa (gari)|Maïné-Soroa]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;IPI&quot;&gt;[http://www.freemedia.at/awards/gremah-boukar.html &quot;Grémah Boukar Koura, Niger&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104174304/http://www.freemedia.at/awards/gremah-boukar.html |date=2012-11-04 }} [[International Press Institute]] profile for [[International Press Institute World Press Freedom Heroes]] award, 2010. Retrieved Feb 5, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kafa kamfanin Agence Anfani, ƙungiyar kafofin yaɗa labarai ta Anfani, a shekarar 1989, inda ya kafa ''mujallar Anfani'' a watan Janairun shekarar 1992, da Radio Anfani FM 100MHZ a shekarar 1994, da nufin karya ikon mallakar watsa shirye-shiryen gwamnati. &lt;ref name=&quot;remarks&quot;&gt;[https://cpj.org/awards98/1998/boucar_remarks.html &quot;remarks by Grémah Boucar upon receiving the 1998 CPJ International Press Freedom Award], November 24, 1998. Online at the [[Committee to Protect Journalists]]. Retrieved Feb 5, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Kasancewar kashi 70% na mutanen Nijar ba su iya karatu da rubutu ba, rediyo ita ce hanyar farko da Nijar ke samun labarai, kuma gidan rediyon ya zama tushen asalin labaran ƙasar, yana samar da labaran duniya a matsayin reshen Muryar Amurka, BBC World Service, da Radio Deutsche Welle da kuma bayanan cikin gida ta hanyar ma’aikatan ‘yan jarida masu bincike.  

Bayan juyin mulkin soja na watan Janairun 1996 da [[Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara|Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara ya]] yi wa zaɓaɓɓen shugaban ƙasar Nijar na farko, [[Mahamane Ousmane]], Rediyon Anfani ya zama abin tursasa wa gwamnati. A watan Yulin 1996, sojoji suka lalata gidan rediyon suka rufe shi na tsawon wata guda, a matsayin ramuwar gayya game da yada labaran adawa da siyasa. A watan Maris na 1997, wasu maza biyar sanye da kayan soja sun afka wa tashar suka lalata dala $ 80,000 na sabbin kayan aiki; a cikin makonni masu zuwa, an kame Boucar, ‘yan jarida uku, da masu gadi biyu, an kuma tuhumi Boucar da mai gadi daya da shirya kai harin kai tsaye don jawo hankalin gudummawar ƙasashen duniya. A lokacin rani na 1998, an sace Boucar daga gidansa kuma ana barazanar kashe shi. &lt;ref name=&quot;IPI&quot;/&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;HRW&quot;&gt;[http://www.iranian.com/News/1999/July/award.html &quot;Five Iranian writers win awards&quot;], July 14, 1999, [[Human Rights Watch]], online at ''[[The Iranian]]''. Retrieved Feb 6, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lambobin yabo ==
A 1998, Boucar ya sami lambar yabo ta CPJ ta 'Yan Jarida ta Kasa da Kasa daga Kwamitin Kare' Yan Jarida .  A cikin 1999, ya lashe kyautar Hellman / Hammett daga Human Rights Watch . &lt;ref name=&quot;HRW&quot;/&gt; A shekarar 2000, an ba shi lambar yabo ta gwarzuwar 'yar jarida ta' Yan Jaridu ta Duniya . &lt;ref name=&quot;IPI&quot;/&gt;

Ƙungiyar Anfani ta Boucar ta sami tallafi daga National Endowment for Democracy .  

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'''Grémah Boucar''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Grémah Boukar Koura''', ɗan [[Nijar (ƙasa)|jaridar Nijar]] ne.

An haifi Boucar a ranar 2 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1959, a [[Maine-Soroa (gari)|Maïné-Soroa]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;IPI&quot;&gt;[http://www.freemedia.at/awards/gremah-boukar.html &quot;Grémah Boukar Koura, Niger&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104174304/http://www.freemedia.at/awards/gremah-boukar.html |date=2012-11-04 }} [[International Press Institute]] profile for [[International Press Institute World Press Freedom Heroes]] award, 2010. Retrieved Feb 5, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kafa kamfanin Agence Anfani, ƙungiyar kafofin yaɗa labarai ta Anfani, a shekarar 1989, inda ya kafa ''mujallar Anfani'' a watan Janairun shekarar 1992, da Radio Anfani FM 100MHZ a shekarar 1994, da nufin karya ikon mallakar watsa shirye-shiryen gwamnati. &lt;ref name=&quot;remarks&quot;&gt;[https://cpj.org/awards98/1998/boucar_remarks.html &quot;remarks by Grémah Boucar upon receiving the 1998 CPJ International Press Freedom Award], November 24, 1998. Online at the [[Committee to Protect Journalists]]. Retrieved Feb 5, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Kasancewar kashi 70% na mutanen Nijar ba su iya karatu da rubutu ba, rediyo ita ce hanyar farko da Nijar ke samun labarai, kuma gidan rediyon ya zama tushen asalin labaran ƙasar, yana samar da labaran duniya a matsayin reshen Muryar Amurka, BBC World Service, da Radio Deutsche Welle da kuma bayanan cikin gida ta hanyar ma’aikatan ‘yan jarida masu bincike.  

Bayan juyin mulkin soja na watan Janairun 1996 da [[Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara|Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara ya]] yi wa zaɓaɓɓen shugaban ƙasar Nijar na farko, [[Mahamane Ousmane]], Rediyon Anfani ya zama abin tursasa wa gwamnati. A watan Yulin shekarar 1996, sojoji suka lalata gidan rediyon suka rufe shi na tsawon wata guda, a matsayin ramuwar gayya game da yada labaran adawa da siyasa. A watan Maris na 1997, wasu maza biyar sanye da kayan soja sun afka wa tashar suka lalata dala $ 80,000 na sabbin kayan aiki; a cikin makonni masu zuwa, an kame Boucar, ‘yan jarida uku, da masu gadi biyu, an kuma tuhumi Boucar da mai gadi daya da shirya kai harin kai tsaye don jawo hankalin gudummawar ƙasashen duniya. A lokacin rani na 1998, an sace Boucar daga gidansa kuma ana barazanar kashe shi. &lt;ref name=&quot;IPI&quot;/&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;HRW&quot;&gt;[http://www.iranian.com/News/1999/July/award.html &quot;Five Iranian writers win awards&quot;], July 14, 1999, [[Human Rights Watch]], online at ''[[The Iranian]]''. Retrieved Feb 6, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lambobin yabo ==
A 1998, Boucar ya sami lambar yabo ta CPJ ta 'Yan Jarida ta Kasa da Kasa daga Kwamitin Kare' Yan Jarida .  A cikin 1999, ya lashe kyautar Hellman / Hammett daga Human Rights Watch . &lt;ref name=&quot;HRW&quot;/&gt; A shekarar 2000, an ba shi lambar yabo ta gwarzuwar 'yar jarida ta' Yan Jaridu ta Duniya . &lt;ref name=&quot;IPI&quot;/&gt;

Ƙungiyar Anfani ta Boucar ta sami tallafi daga National Endowment for Democracy .  

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Mutanen Nijar]]
[[Category:Mutanen Afirka]]
[[Category:Yan Nijar]]
[[Category:Ƴan Jarida]]</text>
      <sha1>6eomg6gil6fnxih9sagv7wx5zt1a4es</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>893112</id>
      <parentid>893111</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:37:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
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      <origin>893112</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3071" sha1="540n7kt1xhnr3vgyj1bckb9gejwa473" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}

'''Grémah Boucar''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Grémah Boukar Koura''', ɗan [[Nijar (ƙasa)|jaridar Nijar]] ne.

An haifi Boucar a ranar 2 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1959, a [[Maine-Soroa (gari)|Maïné-Soroa]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;IPI&quot;&gt;[http://www.freemedia.at/awards/gremah-boukar.html &quot;Grémah Boukar Koura, Niger&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104174304/http://www.freemedia.at/awards/gremah-boukar.html |date=2012-11-04 }} [[International Press Institute]] profile for [[International Press Institute World Press Freedom Heroes]] award, 2010. Retrieved Feb 5, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kafa kamfanin Agence Anfani, ƙungiyar kafofin yaɗa labarai ta Anfani, a shekarar 1989, inda ya kafa ''mujallar Anfani'' a watan Janairun shekarar 1992, da Radio Anfani FM 100MHZ a shekarar 1994, da nufin karya ikon mallakar watsa shirye-shiryen gwamnati. &lt;ref name=&quot;remarks&quot;&gt;[https://cpj.org/awards98/1998/boucar_remarks.html &quot;remarks by Grémah Boucar upon receiving the 1998 CPJ International Press Freedom Award], November 24, 1998. Online at the [[Committee to Protect Journalists]]. Retrieved Feb 5, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Kasancewar kashi 70% na mutanen Nijar ba su iya karatu da rubutu ba, rediyo ita ce hanyar farko da Nijar ke samun labarai, kuma gidan rediyon ya zama tushen asalin labaran ƙasar, yana samar da labaran duniya a matsayin reshen Muryar Amurka, BBC World Service, da Radio Deutsche Welle da kuma bayanan cikin gida ta hanyar ma’aikatan ‘yan jarida masu bincike.  

Bayan juyin mulkin soja na watan Janairun shekarar 1996 da [[Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara|Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara ya]] yi wa zaɓaɓɓen shugaban ƙasar Nijar na farko, [[Mahamane Ousmane]], Rediyon Anfani ya zama abin tursasa wa gwamnati. A watan Yulin shekarar 1996, sojoji suka lalata gidan rediyon suka rufe shi na tsawon wata guda, a matsayin ramuwar gayya game da yada labaran adawa da siyasa. A watan Maris na 1997, wasu maza biyar sanye da kayan soja sun afka wa tashar suka lalata dala $ 80,000 na sabbin kayan aiki; a cikin makonni masu zuwa, an kame Boucar, ‘yan jarida uku, da masu gadi biyu, an kuma tuhumi Boucar da mai gadi daya da shirya kai harin kai tsaye don jawo hankalin gudummawar ƙasashen duniya. A lokacin rani na 1998, an sace Boucar daga gidansa kuma ana barazanar kashe shi. &lt;ref name=&quot;IPI&quot;/&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;HRW&quot;&gt;[http://www.iranian.com/News/1999/July/award.html &quot;Five Iranian writers win awards&quot;], July 14, 1999, [[Human Rights Watch]], online at ''[[The Iranian]]''. Retrieved Feb 6, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lambobin yabo ==
A 1998, Boucar ya sami lambar yabo ta CPJ ta 'Yan Jarida ta Kasa da Kasa daga Kwamitin Kare' Yan Jarida .  A cikin 1999, ya lashe kyautar Hellman / Hammett daga Human Rights Watch . &lt;ref name=&quot;HRW&quot;/&gt; A shekarar 2000, an ba shi lambar yabo ta gwarzuwar 'yar jarida ta' Yan Jaridu ta Duniya . &lt;ref name=&quot;IPI&quot;/&gt;

Ƙungiyar Anfani ta Boucar ta sami tallafi daga National Endowment for Democracy .  

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Mutanen Nijar]]
[[Category:Mutanen Afirka]]
[[Category:Yan Nijar]]
[[Category:Ƴan Jarida]]</text>
      <sha1>540n7kt1xhnr3vgyj1bckb9gejwa473</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893114</id>
      <parentid>893112</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:37:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
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      <origin>893114</origin>
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      <text bytes="3080" sha1="o8alr54o37locovpht2x3521cddd2pv" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}

'''Grémah Boucar''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Grémah Boukar Koura''', ɗan [[Nijar (ƙasa)|jaridar Nijar]] ne.

An haifi Boucar a ranar 2 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1959, a [[Maine-Soroa (gari)|Maïné-Soroa]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;IPI&quot;&gt;[http://www.freemedia.at/awards/gremah-boukar.html &quot;Grémah Boukar Koura, Niger&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104174304/http://www.freemedia.at/awards/gremah-boukar.html |date=2012-11-04 }} [[International Press Institute]] profile for [[International Press Institute World Press Freedom Heroes]] award, 2010. Retrieved Feb 5, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kafa kamfanin Agence Anfani, ƙungiyar kafofin yaɗa labarai ta Anfani, a shekarar 1989, inda ya kafa ''mujallar Anfani'' a watan Janairun shekarar 1992, da Radio Anfani FM 100MHZ a shekarar 1994, da nufin karya ikon mallakar watsa shirye-shiryen gwamnati. &lt;ref name=&quot;remarks&quot;&gt;[https://cpj.org/awards98/1998/boucar_remarks.html &quot;remarks by Grémah Boucar upon receiving the 1998 CPJ International Press Freedom Award], November 24, 1998. Online at the [[Committee to Protect Journalists]]. Retrieved Feb 5, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Kasancewar kashi 70% na mutanen Nijar ba su iya karatu da rubutu ba, rediyo ita ce hanyar farko da Nijar ke samun labarai, kuma gidan rediyon ya zama tushen asalin labaran ƙasar, yana samar da labaran duniya a matsayin reshen Muryar Amurka, BBC World Service, da Radio Deutsche Welle da kuma bayanan cikin gida ta hanyar ma’aikatan ‘yan jarida masu bincike.  

Bayan juyin mulkin soja na watan Janairun shekarar 1996 da [[Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara|Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara ya]] yi wa zaɓaɓɓen shugaban ƙasar Nijar na farko, [[Mahamane Ousmane]], Rediyon Anfani ya zama abin tursasa wa gwamnati. A watan Yulin shekarar 1996, sojoji suka lalata gidan rediyon suka rufe shi na tsawon wata guda, a matsayin ramuwar gayya game da yada labaran adawa da siyasa. A watan Maris na shekarar 1997, wasu maza biyar sanye da kayan soja sun afka wa tashar suka lalata dala $ 80,000 na sabbin kayan aiki; a cikin makonni masu zuwa, an kame Boucar, ‘yan jarida uku, da masu gadi biyu, an kuma tuhumi Boucar da mai gadi daya da shirya kai harin kai tsaye don jawo hankalin gudummawar ƙasashen duniya. A lokacin rani na 1998, an sace Boucar daga gidansa kuma ana barazanar kashe shi. &lt;ref name=&quot;IPI&quot;/&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;HRW&quot;&gt;[http://www.iranian.com/News/1999/July/award.html &quot;Five Iranian writers win awards&quot;], July 14, 1999, [[Human Rights Watch]], online at ''[[The Iranian]]''. Retrieved Feb 6, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lambobin yabo ==
A 1998, Boucar ya sami lambar yabo ta CPJ ta 'Yan Jarida ta Kasa da Kasa daga Kwamitin Kare' Yan Jarida .  A cikin 1999, ya lashe kyautar Hellman / Hammett daga Human Rights Watch . &lt;ref name=&quot;HRW&quot;/&gt; A shekarar 2000, an ba shi lambar yabo ta gwarzuwar 'yar jarida ta' Yan Jaridu ta Duniya . &lt;ref name=&quot;IPI&quot;/&gt;

Ƙungiyar Anfani ta Boucar ta sami tallafi daga National Endowment for Democracy .  

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Mutanen Nijar]]
[[Category:Mutanen Afirka]]
[[Category:Yan Nijar]]
[[Category:Ƴan Jarida]]</text>
      <sha1>o8alr54o37locovpht2x3521cddd2pv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893115</id>
      <parentid>893114</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:38:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893115</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3089" sha1="o5u4i0321tam8ayfsuv2d2ganljg90v" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}

'''Grémah Boucar''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Grémah Boukar Koura''', ɗan [[Nijar (ƙasa)|jaridar Nijar]] ne.

An haifi Boucar a ranar 2 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1959, a [[Maine-Soroa (gari)|Maïné-Soroa]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;IPI&quot;&gt;[http://www.freemedia.at/awards/gremah-boukar.html &quot;Grémah Boukar Koura, Niger&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104174304/http://www.freemedia.at/awards/gremah-boukar.html |date=2012-11-04 }} [[International Press Institute]] profile for [[International Press Institute World Press Freedom Heroes]] award, 2010. Retrieved Feb 5, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kafa kamfanin Agence Anfani, ƙungiyar kafofin yaɗa labarai ta Anfani, a shekarar 1989, inda ya kafa ''mujallar Anfani'' a watan Janairun shekarar 1992, da Radio Anfani FM 100MHZ a shekarar 1994, da nufin karya ikon mallakar watsa shirye-shiryen gwamnati. &lt;ref name=&quot;remarks&quot;&gt;[https://cpj.org/awards98/1998/boucar_remarks.html &quot;remarks by Grémah Boucar upon receiving the 1998 CPJ International Press Freedom Award], November 24, 1998. Online at the [[Committee to Protect Journalists]]. Retrieved Feb 5, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Kasancewar kashi 70% na mutanen Nijar ba su iya karatu da rubutu ba, rediyo ita ce hanyar farko da Nijar ke samun labarai, kuma gidan rediyon ya zama tushen asalin labaran ƙasar, yana samar da labaran duniya a matsayin reshen Muryar Amurka, BBC World Service, da Radio Deutsche Welle da kuma bayanan cikin gida ta hanyar ma’aikatan ‘yan jarida masu bincike.  

Bayan juyin mulkin soja na watan Janairun shekarar 1996 da [[Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara|Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara ya]] yi wa zaɓaɓɓen shugaban ƙasar Nijar na farko, [[Mahamane Ousmane]], Rediyon Anfani ya zama abin tursasa wa gwamnati. A watan Yulin shekarar 1996, sojoji suka lalata gidan rediyon suka rufe shi na tsawon wata guda, a matsayin ramuwar gayya game da yada labaran adawa da siyasa. A watan Maris na shekarar 1997, wasu maza biyar sanye da kayan soja sun afka wa tashar suka lalata dala $ 80,000 na sabbin kayan aiki; a cikin makonni masu zuwa, an kame Boucar, ‘yan jarida uku, da masu gadi biyu, an kuma tuhumi Boucar da mai gadi daya da shirya kai harin kai tsaye don jawo hankalin gudummawar ƙasashen duniya. A lokacin rani na 1998, an sace Boucar daga gidansa kuma ana barazanar kashe shi. &lt;ref name=&quot;IPI&quot;/&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;HRW&quot;&gt;[http://www.iranian.com/News/1999/July/award.html &quot;Five Iranian writers win awards&quot;], July 14, 1999, [[Human Rights Watch]], online at ''[[The Iranian]]''. Retrieved Feb 6, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lambobin yabo ==
A 1998, Boucar ya sami lambar yabo ta CPJ ta 'Yan Jarida ta Kasa da Kasa daga Kwamitin Kare' Yan Jarida .  A cikin shekarar 1999, ya lashe kyautar Hellman / Hammett daga Human Rights Watch . &lt;ref name=&quot;HRW&quot;/&gt; A shekarar 2000, an ba shi lambar yabo ta gwarzuwar 'yar jarida ta' Yan Jaridu ta Duniya . &lt;ref name=&quot;IPI&quot;/&gt;

Ƙungiyar Anfani ta Boucar ta sami tallafi daga National Endowment for Democracy .  

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Mutanen Nijar]]
[[Category:Mutanen Afirka]]
[[Category:Yan Nijar]]
[[Category:Ƴan Jarida]]</text>
      <sha1>o5u4i0321tam8ayfsuv2d2ganljg90v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Filin shakatawa na Cangandala</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>21812</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893318</id>
      <parentid>723688</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T06:05:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Baffa ali</username>
        <id>47435</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */</comment>
      <origin>893318</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1936" sha1="860cux4vwvgmw4pet6zmc3vvi6pi5wv" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Giant_Sable_Antelope_(22018702922).jpg  |thumb|Irin dabbobin da ke rayuwa a wurin shakatawar]]
[[Fayil:Cangandala.jpg|thumb]]
'''Filin shakatawa na Cangandala''' filin shakatawa ne na lardin Malanje, [[Angola]]. Tana tsakanin kogin Cuije da yankuna 2 da ba a ambaci sunan Cuanza ba, tare da garuruwan Culamagia da Techongolola a gefen filin shakatawa. Wannan ita ce mafi karancin filin shakatawa na kasa a Angola.

== Tarihi ==
An ƙirƙiri wurin shakatawa a 1963 yayin da Angola yanki ne ƙarƙashin mulkin [[Portugal]]. An ayyana shi a matsayin wurin shakatawa na kasa a ranar 25 ga Yuni shekarar ta1 970. A n kafa Cangandala ne don kare Giant Sable Antelope da aka gano a 1963.

== Bayani ==
Filin shakatawa, wanda ya mamaye yanki na kilomita 600 (230 sq mi), ya ƙunshi tsaunukan sandal da ba a kwance ba tare da layukan magudanan ruwa. Yankin yana karɓar ruwan sama kusan 1,350 mm (53 a) a kowace shekara tare da matsakaita zafin jiki na 21.5 °C (71 °F). Babu koguna na yau da kullun da ke faruwa kuma malalewa yana faruwa ta hanyar ciyawar ruwa mai ciyawa. Mosaic na bude miombo bushveld da savanna suna faruwa. Ana samun ''Brachystegia-bushveld'' a rabe-raben ruwa da kuma wuraren ciyawa a cikin hanyoyin magudanan ruwa.

Mai shelar jan-baki shine ɗayan macizai da yawa a wurin shakatawa.

''Brachystegia'' da ''Julbernardia'' ne suka mamaye ciyawar daji, tare da sauran bishiyoyi a wurare (''Piliostigma, Burkea, Monotes, Strychnos, Sterculia'' da ''Dombeya'').&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cangandala National Park|url=https://angolafieldgroup.com/tag/cangandala-national-park/|access-date=2020-09-28|website=Angola Field Group|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020110718/https://angolafieldgroup.com/tag/cangandala-national-park/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Hanyoyin haɗin waje ==
* Birdlife.org profile of Cangandala National Park</text>
      <sha1>860cux4vwvgmw4pet6zmc3vvi6pi5wv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Sabbin editoci</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>21908</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893246</id>
      <parentid>892682</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:27:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci</comment>
      <origin>893246</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11341" sha1="p71g57oytpam5ozx1cx6jjt8kzbxog8" xml:space="preserve">Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin.
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|[[User:Frnw26|Frnw26]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Frnw26|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 5 ga Augusta 2026
|-
|2
|[[User:Maryamharha|Maryamharha]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Maryamharha|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026
|-
|3
|[[User:Goodyoda|Goodyoda]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Goodyoda|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026
|-
|4
|[[User:Aliyu sabiu ngw|Aliyu sabiu ngw]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Aliyu sabiu ngw|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026
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|5
|[[User:Aloekhadijat|Aloekhadijat]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Aloekhadijat|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026
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|6
|[[User:Dynomite777|Dynomite777]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Dynomite777|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026
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|[[User:Աստղիկ Աջամօղլյան|Աստղիկ Աջամօղլյան]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Աստղիկ Աջամօղլյան|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026
|-
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|[[User:C-0956|C-0956]]
|[[Special:Contributions/C-0956|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026
|-
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|[[User:SADIK ADAMU|SADIK ADAMU]]
|[[Special:Contributions/SADIK ADAMU|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026
|-
|10
|[[User:Aminabyakasai|Aminabyakasai]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Aminabyakasai|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026
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|[[User:SHIFA CARES|SHIFA CARES]]
|[[Special:Contributions/SHIFA CARES|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026
|-
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|[[User:Nabmudy|Nabmudy]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Nabmudy|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026
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|[[User:NurBlendFoods|NurBlendFoods]]
|[[Special:Contributions/NurBlendFoods|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026
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|14
|[[User:Themaamerhstreats and event|Themaamerhstreats and event]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Themaamerhstreats and event|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026
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|[[User:Mems k makeover|Mems k makeover]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Mems k makeover|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026
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|[[User:Abbakarab65|Abbakarab65]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Abbakarab65|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026
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|[[User:Mariyatu cakes|Mariyatu cakes]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Mariyatu cakes|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 6 ga Augusta 2026
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|}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Praia de Atalanta</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>22500</id>
    <revision>
      <id>892998</id>
      <parentid>796574</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T14:53:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CronicasNobiliarias01</username>
        <id>47728</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙara sunan Cabo Santa Maria, tarihin makalewar jirgin a 1968, kyaftin Fernando Sabín da ingantattun manazarta.</comment>
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      <text bytes="2154" sha1="jasf45o2g62d5u2sjk4dodpb9tiww98" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Praia_da_Atalanta.JPG|200px|right|thumbnail|Praia de Atalanta]]
[[File:Wreck_of_Cabo_de_Santa_Maria,_2010_December_-_4.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Ragowar jirgin ''Cabo Santa Maria'' a shekarar 2010.]]
'''Praia de Atalanta''', wanda kuma ake kira '''Praia de Cabo de Santa Maria''', bakin teku ne da ke gabar arewa ta tsibirin Boa Vista a [[Cape Verde]]. Yana da kusan kilomita 6 arewa maso gabas da [[Sal Rei]] da kilomita 3 yamma da Vigía.

Ragowar jirgin dakon kaya na Sifen ''Cabo Santa Maria'', wanda ya makale a nan a ranar 1 ga Satumba 1968, yana kusa da bakin tekun.&lt;ref name=&quot;A Semana&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.asemana.publ.cv/spip.php?article35234|title=A Semana|access-date=2015-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126034448/http://www.asemana.publ.cv/spip.php?article35234|archive-date=2015-11-26|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan hatsarin, mazauna yankin suka fara amfani da sunan jirgin a matsayin sunan bakin tekun.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANacao&quot;&gt;[https://www.anacao.cv/noticia/2018/09/08/cabo-santa-maria-deu-costa-pao-deus-na-boavista/ “Cabo de Santa Maria deu à costa: «Pão por Deus» na Boavista”], ''A Nação'', 8 Satumba 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Wata jaridar Sifen ta lokacin ta bayyana cewa Fernando Sabín ne kyaftin ɗin jirgin kuma dukkan ma'aikatan jirgin 37 suna lafiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Palentino&quot;&gt;[https://prensahistorica.mcu.es/es/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.do?path=8000425&amp;posicion=9&amp;presentacion=pagina “Buque embarrancado”], ''El Diario Palentino-El Día de Palencia'', 10 Satumba 1968, shafi na 9.&lt;/ref&gt;

Yankin rairayin bakin teku yana cikin ''Boa Esperança Nature Reserve'', wanda ya haɗa da rairayin bakin teku na Sobrado da Copinha.&lt;ref name=&quot;munic&quot;&gt;[http://www.municipiodaboavista.com/boavista-capoverde/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Espa%C3%A7os-protegidos-da-Boa-Vista.pdf Protected areas in the island of Boa Vista] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919215330/http://www.municipiodaboavista.com/boavista-capoverde/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Espa%C3%A7os-protegidos-da-Boa-Vista.pdf |date=2020-09-19 }} - Municipality of Boa Vista, March 2013 {{in lang|pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>jasf45o2g62d5u2sjk4dodpb9tiww98</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nasiru Kabara</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23638</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893538</id>
      <parentid>816791</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:40:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893538</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6092" sha1="7fq46cutc4igv8125x4ef75l3qzizyf" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[Fayil:Caliphate Nasiru Kabara 01.jpg|thumb|hutun Nasiru Kabara]]
'''Nasiru Muhammad Al -Muktar Kabara''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Nasuru Kabara''' (An haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Afrilu, a shekara ta alif 1912 zuwa shekarar 1996),

An haife shi a shekara ta alif 1912, kuma ya rasu a shekara ta alif 1996. Babban fitaccen malamin [[Musulunci| Addinin Musulunci]] na [[Qadiriya|Ɗariƙar Qadiriyya]] ne a [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]], wanda ya kafa [[Darul Qadiriyya]], kuma Jagoran Qadiriyya na [[Afirka|Ƙasashen Afirka ta yamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sheikh Nasir Muhammad Kabara|url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/PeopleNasirKabara.html#gsc.tab=0|access-date=2021-08-03|website=www.rumbunilimi.com.ng|archive-date=2021-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801163730/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/PeopleNasirKabara.html#gsc.tab=0|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; a hukumance, Ɗansa [[Qaribullah Nasiru Kabara]] ne ya gaje shi bayan rasuwar sa. Kuma mahaifin wanda ake zargi da yin kalaman ɓatanci ga fiyayyen halitta [[Annabi Muhammad|Manzon Rahama (S A W)]], [[Abduljabbar Nasuru Kabara|Abduljabbar Nasiru Kabara]]. Abduljabbar Nasiru Kabara wanda a yanzu haka gwamnatin jihar Kano a ƙarƙashin [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje|Abdullahi Umar Ganduje Khadimul Islam]] ta turashi zuwa gidan gyara hali a jihar Kano. Mal Nasiru Kabara  yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun Malaman addinin Musulunci a Najeriya da Africa a bangaren  [[Qadiriya|Ɗariƙar Qadiriyya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-11-06|title=Ku San Malamanku tare da Abduljabbar Kabara|url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/rahotanni-54830916|access-date= 24 December 2021|website=BBC News Hausa|language=ha}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An kuma haife shi a garin Kuringawa a [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]]. Asali ance kakansa ya fito daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kabara kusa da kogin Nijar, bayan Jihadin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] a shekarar (1804-8). Daga nan ne ya yi hijira zuwa Ƙasar Hausa, zuwa masarautar Kano a bayan ƙarni na goma sha takwas (18), inda ya zauna a gaban fadar masarautar Kano, inda aka ba shi fili don  ya zauna, wanda yau an wayi gari ana kiran wajen da matsayin Kabara Ward &quot;Unguwar Kabara&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teachings and writings of Nasuru Kabara|url=https://org.uib.no/smi/sa/02/2Nasiru.pdf|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-08-08|archive-date=2021-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806222333/https://org.uib.no/smi/sa/02/2Nasiru.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ilimi==
Nasiru Kabara ya sami mafi yawan iliminsa daga kawunsa kuma sanannen malamin Qadiriyya a wancan lokacin, wanda aka fi sani da [[Ibrahım Ahmad Al-kanawı Natsughünne,]] wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malamai a Kano. Kawunsa da malaminsa sun yi hidimar sarki hudu daban -daban a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan Harker kin addini, daga cikinsu akwai [[Aliyu Babba]], Abbas, Usman da Abdullahi Bayero, a lokacin kawun nasa yana daya daga cikin manyan membobin 'yan uwan [[Ƙadiriya|Qadiriyya a garinsa.]] 

Ya sanya ‘ya'yan Kabara zuwa rassa biyu na darika, wato Kuntiyya da Ahlulbaiti, wanda Shehu Usman Dan Fodio ya kafa.

== Darika ==
Bayan kammala karatunsa a karshen ƙarni na 1940s, Nasiru Kabara ya mai da hankali kan haɗa kan kungiyar Qadiriyya a Kano a karkashin jagorancinsa, daga nan ya cigaba da buɗe masallatai da dama a duk faɗin ƙasar Hausa a matsayin ɓangaren ƙadiriyya, wanda hakan ya sa kuma ya zama jagoran Qadiriyya a Afirka.

== Musulunci ==
Shine wanda ya assasa Darul Qadiriyya (gidan Qadiriyya) a jihar Kano, inda dukkan mabiya Qadiriyya a duk fadin Afirka   ta Yamma suka dauke ta a matsayin cibiyar Qadiriyya ta Yammacin Afirka, an ba shi taken Nasuru Kabara, Al-Sinhaji, Al-ibiadiri, Al-Maliki, Al-Ash'ari, Sarkin yakin  Shehu Usmanu Bin Fodiyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Tudun Nufawa|first=Abdulk̳adir Sammani|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/hasken-allah-ba-ya-gushewa-tarihin-sheikh-muhammad-nasuru-kabara-al-sinhaji-al-kadiri-al-maliki-al-ashari-sarkin-yakin-shehu-usmanu-bin-fodiyo-ra/oclc/173037236&amp;referer=brief_results|title=Hasken Allah ba ya Gushewa: tarihin Sheikh Muhammad Nasuru Kabara, Al-Sinhaji, Al-K̳adiri, Al-Maliki, Al-Ash'ari, Sarkin Yak̳in Shehu Usmanu Bin Fodiyo (RA)|last2=Sheshe|first2=Aminu Ahmad|date=1997|publisher=The authors|location=Kano|oclc=173037236}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Harkar Qadiriyya ===

=== Rubutu ===
Ya rubuta litattafan musulunci da dama akan Tafseer da Hadisi, wanda aka ce sun kai littattafai sama da guda 300.

== Iyali ==
Nasuru Kabara yana da 'ya'ya da yawa amma fitattu sune [[Qaribullah Nasiru Kabara]] babban ɗansa kuma magajinsa, ɗayan kuma [[Abduljabbar Nasuru Kabara]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Malumfashi|first=Muhammad|date=2021-08-02|title=An jirkita kalaman Abduljabbar – ‘Yan Gidan Kabara sun zargi Malamai da sharri|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/1427469-abduljabbar-ya-yan-nasiru-kabara-18-sun-rubutawa-buhari-takarda-kan-danuwansu.html|access-date= 24 December 2021 |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=ha}}&lt;/ref&gt;  sauran sun haɗa da

* Sheikh Ibrahim Mu'azzam Nasir Kabara
* Sheikh Sidi Musal Qasiyuni Nasir Kabara.
* Malam Askiya Nasir Kabara
* Malam Yahya Nasir Kabara
* Malam Aburumana Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Saratu Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Nafisatu Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Khudriyyah Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Zam'atu Nasir Kabara 1
* Sayyidah Saffanatu Nasir Kabara 1
* Sayyidah Aishatu Mannubiyyah Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Ummu Aimanal Habashiyyah Nasir Kabara (I)
* Sayyidah Khadijatul Habashiyyah Nasir Kabara (II)
* Sayyidah Huza'iyyah Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Jamila Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Bulkisu Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Rukayya Nasuru Kabara
* Sayyidah Hansa'u Nasir Kabara.

== Duba kuma ==

* Qaribullahi Nasiru Kabara

== Haɗin waje ==

* https://org.uib.no/smi/sa/02/2Nasiru.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806222333/https://org.uib.no/smi/sa/02/2Nasiru.pdf |date=2021-08-06 }}

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Mutanen Nijeriya]]
[[Category:Hausawa]]
[[Category:Mutanan Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutane daga Jihar Kano]]
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Mutuwan 1996]]</text>
      <sha1>7fq46cutc4igv8125x4ef75l3qzizyf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893539</id>
      <parentid>893538</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:40:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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      <origin>893539</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6097" sha1="jkonrofwvv2q7bz7ojzkk55cyehlcc2" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[Fayil:Caliphate Nasiru Kabara 01.jpg|thumb|hutun Nasiru Kabara]]
'''Nasiru Muhammad Al -Muktar Kabara''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Nasuru Kabara''' (An haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Afrilu, a shekara ta alif 1912 zuwa shekarar 1996),

An haife shi a shekara ta alif 1912, kuma ya rasu a shekara ta alif 1996. Babban fitaccen malamin [[Musulunci| Addinin Musulunci]] na [[Qadiriya|Ɗariƙar Qadiriyya]] ne a [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]], wanda ya kafa [[Darul Qadiriyya]], kuma Jagoran Qadiriyya na [[Afirka|Ƙasashen Afirka ta yamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sheikh Nasir Muhammad Kabara|url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/PeopleNasirKabara.html#gsc.tab=0|access-date=2021-08-03|website=www.rumbunilimi.com.ng|archive-date=2021-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801163730/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/PeopleNasirKabara.html#gsc.tab=0|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; a hukumance, Ɗansa [[Qaribullah Nasiru Kabara]] ne ya gaje shi bayan rasuwar sa. Kuma mahaifin wanda ake zargi da yin kalaman ɓatanci ga fiyayyen halitta [[Annabi Muhammad|Manzon Rahama (S A W)]], [[Abduljabbar Nasuru Kabara|Abduljabbar Nasiru Kabara]]. Abduljabbar Nasiru Kabara wanda a yanzu haka gwamnatin jihar Kano a ƙarƙashin [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje|Abdullahi Umar Ganduje Khadimul Islam]] ta turashi zuwa gidan gyara hali a jihar Kano. Mal Nasiru Kabara  yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun Malaman addinin Musulunci a Najeriya da Africa a bangaren  [[Qadiriya|Ɗariƙar Qadiriyya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-11-06|title=Ku San Malamanku tare da Abduljabbar Kabara|url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/rahotanni-54830916|access-date= 24 December 2021|website=BBC News Hausa|language=ha}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An kuma haife shi a garin Kuringawa a [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]]. Asali ance kakansa ya fito daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kabara kusa da kogin Nijar, bayan Jihadin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] a shekarar (1804-8). Daga nan ne ya yi hijira zuwa Ƙasar Hausa, zuwa masarautar Kano a bayan ƙarni na goma sha takwas (18), inda ya zauna a gaban fadar masarautar Kano, inda aka ba shi fili don  ya zauna, wanda yau an wayi gari ana kiran wajen da matsayin Kabara Ward &quot;Unguwar Kabara&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teachings and writings of Nasuru Kabara|url=https://org.uib.no/smi/sa/02/2Nasiru.pdf|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-08-08|archive-date=2021-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806222333/https://org.uib.no/smi/sa/02/2Nasiru.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ilimi==
Nasiru Kabara ya sami mafi yawan iliminsa daga kawunsa kuma sanannen malamin Qadiriyya a wancan lokacin, wanda aka fi sani da [[Ibrahım Ahmad Al-kanawı Natsughünne,]] wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malamai a Kano. Kawunsa da malaminsa sun yi hidimar sarki hudu daban -daban a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan Harker kin addini, daga cikinsu akwai [[Aliyu Babba]], Abbas, Usman da Abdullahi Bayero, a lokacin kawun nasa yana daya daga cikin manyan membobin 'yan uwan [[Ƙadiriya|Qadiriyya a garinsa.]] 

Ya kuma sanya ‘ya'yan Kabara zuwa rassa biyu na darika, wato Kuntiyya da Ahlulbaiti, wanda Shehu Usman Dan Fodio ya kafa.

== Darika ==
Bayan kammala karatunsa a karshen ƙarni na 1940s, Nasiru Kabara ya mai da hankali kan haɗa kan kungiyar Qadiriyya a Kano a karkashin jagorancinsa, daga nan ya cigaba da buɗe masallatai da dama a duk faɗin ƙasar Hausa a matsayin ɓangaren ƙadiriyya, wanda hakan ya sa kuma ya zama jagoran Qadiriyya a Afirka.

== Musulunci ==
Shine wanda ya assasa Darul Qadiriyya (gidan Qadiriyya) a jihar Kano, inda dukkan mabiya Qadiriyya a duk fadin Afirka   ta Yamma suka dauke ta a matsayin cibiyar Qadiriyya ta Yammacin Afirka, an ba shi taken Nasuru Kabara, Al-Sinhaji, Al-ibiadiri, Al-Maliki, Al-Ash'ari, Sarkin yakin  Shehu Usmanu Bin Fodiyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Tudun Nufawa|first=Abdulk̳adir Sammani|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/hasken-allah-ba-ya-gushewa-tarihin-sheikh-muhammad-nasuru-kabara-al-sinhaji-al-kadiri-al-maliki-al-ashari-sarkin-yakin-shehu-usmanu-bin-fodiyo-ra/oclc/173037236&amp;referer=brief_results|title=Hasken Allah ba ya Gushewa: tarihin Sheikh Muhammad Nasuru Kabara, Al-Sinhaji, Al-K̳adiri, Al-Maliki, Al-Ash'ari, Sarkin Yak̳in Shehu Usmanu Bin Fodiyo (RA)|last2=Sheshe|first2=Aminu Ahmad|date=1997|publisher=The authors|location=Kano|oclc=173037236}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Harkar Qadiriyya ===

=== Rubutu ===
Ya rubuta litattafan musulunci da dama akan Tafseer da Hadisi, wanda aka ce sun kai littattafai sama da guda 300.

== Iyali ==
Nasuru Kabara yana da 'ya'ya da yawa amma fitattu sune [[Qaribullah Nasiru Kabara]] babban ɗansa kuma magajinsa, ɗayan kuma [[Abduljabbar Nasuru Kabara]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Malumfashi|first=Muhammad|date=2021-08-02|title=An jirkita kalaman Abduljabbar – ‘Yan Gidan Kabara sun zargi Malamai da sharri|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/1427469-abduljabbar-ya-yan-nasiru-kabara-18-sun-rubutawa-buhari-takarda-kan-danuwansu.html|access-date= 24 December 2021 |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=ha}}&lt;/ref&gt;  sauran sun haɗa da

* Sheikh Ibrahim Mu'azzam Nasir Kabara
* Sheikh Sidi Musal Qasiyuni Nasir Kabara.
* Malam Askiya Nasir Kabara
* Malam Yahya Nasir Kabara
* Malam Aburumana Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Saratu Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Nafisatu Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Khudriyyah Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Zam'atu Nasir Kabara 1
* Sayyidah Saffanatu Nasir Kabara 1
* Sayyidah Aishatu Mannubiyyah Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Ummu Aimanal Habashiyyah Nasir Kabara (I)
* Sayyidah Khadijatul Habashiyyah Nasir Kabara (II)
* Sayyidah Huza'iyyah Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Jamila Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Bulkisu Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Rukayya Nasuru Kabara
* Sayyidah Hansa'u Nasir Kabara.

== Duba kuma ==

* Qaribullahi Nasiru Kabara

== Haɗin waje ==

* https://org.uib.no/smi/sa/02/2Nasiru.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806222333/https://org.uib.no/smi/sa/02/2Nasiru.pdf |date=2021-08-06 }}

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Mutanen Nijeriya]]
[[Category:Hausawa]]
[[Category:Mutanan Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutane daga Jihar Kano]]
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Mutuwan 1996]]</text>
      <sha1>jkonrofwvv2q7bz7ojzkk55cyehlcc2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893540</id>
      <parentid>893539</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:40:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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      <origin>893540</origin>
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      <text bytes="6099" sha1="7smpf8bymibp6daftyoeg2v5gkvo6qg" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[Fayil:Caliphate Nasiru Kabara 01.jpg|thumb|hutun Nasiru Kabara]]
'''Nasiru Muhammad Al -Muktar Kabara''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Nasuru Kabara''' (An haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Afrilu, a shekara ta alif 1912 zuwa shekarar 1996),

An haife shi a shekara ta alif 1912, kuma ya rasu a shekara ta alif 1996. Babban fitaccen malamin [[Musulunci| Addinin Musulunci]] na [[Qadiriya|Ɗariƙar Qadiriyya]] ne a [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]], wanda ya kafa [[Darul Qadiriyya]], kuma Jagoran Qadiriyya na [[Afirka|Ƙasashen Afirka ta yamma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sheikh Nasir Muhammad Kabara|url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/PeopleNasirKabara.html#gsc.tab=0|access-date=2021-08-03|website=www.rumbunilimi.com.ng|archive-date=2021-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801163730/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/PeopleNasirKabara.html#gsc.tab=0|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; a hukumance, Ɗansa [[Qaribullah Nasiru Kabara]] ne ya gaje shi bayan rasuwar sa. Kuma mahaifin wanda ake zargi da yin kalaman ɓatanci ga fiyayyen halitta [[Annabi Muhammad|Manzon Rahama (S A W)]], [[Abduljabbar Nasuru Kabara|Abduljabbar Nasiru Kabara]]. Abduljabbar Nasiru Kabara wanda a yanzu haka gwamnatin jihar Kano a ƙarƙashin [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje|Abdullahi Umar Ganduje Khadimul Islam]] ta turashi zuwa gidan gyara hali a jihar Kano. Mal Nasiru Kabara  yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun Malaman addinin Musulunci a Najeriya da Africa a bangaren  [[Qadiriya|Ɗariƙar Qadiriyya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-11-06|title=Ku San Malamanku tare da Abduljabbar Kabara|url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/rahotanni-54830916|access-date= 24 December 2021|website=BBC News Hausa|language=ha}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An kuma haife shi a garin Kuringawa a [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]]. Asali ance kakansa ya fito daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kabara kusa da kogin Nijar, bayan Jihadin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] a shekarar (1804-8). Daga nan ne ya yi hijira zuwa Ƙasar Hausa, zuwa masarautar Kano a bayan ƙarni na goma sha takwas (18), inda ya zauna a gaban fadar masarautar Kano, inda aka ba shi fili don  ya zauna, wanda yau an wayi gari ana kiran wajen da matsayin Kabara Ward &quot;Unguwar Kabara&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teachings and writings of Nasuru Kabara|url=https://org.uib.no/smi/sa/02/2Nasiru.pdf|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-08-08|archive-date=2021-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806222333/https://org.uib.no/smi/sa/02/2Nasiru.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ilimi==
Nasiru Kabara ya sami mafi yawan iliminsa daga kawunsa kuma sanannen malamin Qadiriyya a wancan lokacin, wanda aka fi sani da [[Ibrahım Ahmad Al-kanawı Natsughünne,]] wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malamai a Kano. Kawunsa da malaminsa sun yi hidimar sarki hudu daban -daban a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan Harker kin addini, daga cikinsu akwai [[Aliyu Babba]], Abbas, Usman da Abdullahi Bayero, a lokacin kawun nasa yana daya daga cikin manyan membobin 'yan uwan [[Ƙadiriya|Qadiriyya a garinsa.]] 

Ya kuma sanya ‘ya'yan Kabara zuwa rassa biyu na darika, wato Kuntiyya da Ahlulbaiti, wanda Shehu Usman Dan Fodio ya kafa.

== Darika ==
Bayan kammala karatunsa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 1940s, Nasiru Kabara ya mai da hankali kan haɗa kan ƙungiyar Qadiriyya a Kano a karkashin jagorancinsa, daga nan ya cigaba da buɗe masallatai da dama a duk faɗin ƙasar Hausa a matsayin ɓangaren ƙadiriyya, wanda hakan ya sa kuma ya zama jagoran Qadiriyya a Afirka.

== Musulunci ==
Shine wanda ya assasa Darul Qadiriyya (gidan Qadiriyya) a jihar Kano, inda dukkan mabiya Qadiriyya a duk fadin Afirka   ta Yamma suka dauke ta a matsayin cibiyar Qadiriyya ta Yammacin Afirka, an ba shi taken Nasuru Kabara, Al-Sinhaji, Al-ibiadiri, Al-Maliki, Al-Ash'ari, Sarkin yakin  Shehu Usmanu Bin Fodiyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Tudun Nufawa|first=Abdulk̳adir Sammani|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/hasken-allah-ba-ya-gushewa-tarihin-sheikh-muhammad-nasuru-kabara-al-sinhaji-al-kadiri-al-maliki-al-ashari-sarkin-yakin-shehu-usmanu-bin-fodiyo-ra/oclc/173037236&amp;referer=brief_results|title=Hasken Allah ba ya Gushewa: tarihin Sheikh Muhammad Nasuru Kabara, Al-Sinhaji, Al-K̳adiri, Al-Maliki, Al-Ash'ari, Sarkin Yak̳in Shehu Usmanu Bin Fodiyo (RA)|last2=Sheshe|first2=Aminu Ahmad|date=1997|publisher=The authors|location=Kano|oclc=173037236}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Harkar Qadiriyya ===

=== Rubutu ===
Ya rubuta litattafan musulunci da dama akan Tafseer da Hadisi, wanda aka ce sun kai littattafai sama da guda 300.

== Iyali ==
Nasuru Kabara yana da 'ya'ya da yawa amma fitattu sune [[Qaribullah Nasiru Kabara]] babban ɗansa kuma magajinsa, ɗayan kuma [[Abduljabbar Nasuru Kabara]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Malumfashi|first=Muhammad|date=2021-08-02|title=An jirkita kalaman Abduljabbar – ‘Yan Gidan Kabara sun zargi Malamai da sharri|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/1427469-abduljabbar-ya-yan-nasiru-kabara-18-sun-rubutawa-buhari-takarda-kan-danuwansu.html|access-date= 24 December 2021 |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=ha}}&lt;/ref&gt;  sauran sun haɗa da

* Sheikh Ibrahim Mu'azzam Nasir Kabara
* Sheikh Sidi Musal Qasiyuni Nasir Kabara.
* Malam Askiya Nasir Kabara
* Malam Yahya Nasir Kabara
* Malam Aburumana Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Saratu Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Nafisatu Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Khudriyyah Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Zam'atu Nasir Kabara 1
* Sayyidah Saffanatu Nasir Kabara 1
* Sayyidah Aishatu Mannubiyyah Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Ummu Aimanal Habashiyyah Nasir Kabara (I)
* Sayyidah Khadijatul Habashiyyah Nasir Kabara (II)
* Sayyidah Huza'iyyah Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Jamila Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Bulkisu Nasir Kabara
* Sayyidah Rukayya Nasuru Kabara
* Sayyidah Hansa'u Nasir Kabara.

== Duba kuma ==

* Qaribullahi Nasiru Kabara

== Haɗin waje ==

* https://org.uib.no/smi/sa/02/2Nasiru.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806222333/https://org.uib.no/smi/sa/02/2Nasiru.pdf |date=2021-08-06 }}

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Mutanen Nijeriya]]
[[Category:Hausawa]]
[[Category:Mutanan Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutane daga Jihar Kano]]
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Mutuwan 1996]]</text>
      <sha1>7smpf8bymibp6daftyoeg2v5gkvo6qg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Shuka mai Shekaru</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23875</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893333</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T06:18:46Z</timestamp>
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        <id>13371</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="15515" sha1="tp3as4oor6ihqx1u6n9h9ygr0uk64bl" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
[[File:Cykoria_podroznik_pokroj.jpg|thumb| Chicory na yau da kullun, ''Cichorium intybus'', tsire -tsire ne na ganye]]
[[File:Silybum_marianum_2004.jpg  |thumb|Silybum marianum ]] 
'''Itace ne tsirrai''' ko kuma kawai '''tsirran''' shine [[Shuka|tsirrai]] wanda ke rayuwa sama da shekaru biyu.,&lt;ref&gt;The Garden Helper. [http://www.thegardenhelper.com/planting.html The Difference Between Annual Plants and Perennial Plants in the Garden.] Retrieved on 2008-06-22.&lt;/ref&gt; Kalmar ( ''[[wiktionary:per-#Prefix|per-]]'' + ''[[wiktionary:-ennial#Suffix|-nnial]]'', &quot;ta cikin shekaru&quot;), galibi ana kuma amfani da ita don rarrabe shuka daga gajerun shekaru da biennials . Hakanan ana amfani da kalmar sosai don rarrabe, tsirrai tare da ƙarancin girma ko babu girma,(girma na biyu a girth) daga bishiyoyi, waɗanda su ma ƙwaƙƙwaran shekaru ne. 
[[File:Primevère Polyanthus (2).jpg|thumb|wannan filawar tana daga cikin tsirrai ko shuka mai shekaru a duniya]]
Shukoki masu shekaru — musamman ƙananan tsire -tsire masu furanni — waɗanda ke girma da fure akan bazara da bazara, suna mutuwa kowane kaka da hunturu, sannan su dawo a cikin bazara daga tushen su ko wani tsarin da ya kuma mamaye su, an san su da perennials . Ko yaya, ya danganta da tsananin  yanayin gida (zazzabi, danshi, abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta), shuka wanda ke zama a cikin mazaunin sa na asali, ko a cikin lambun da ya fi sauƙi,mai lambu na iya kula da shi a zaman shekara -shekara da shuka kowace shekara, daga iri, daga cuttings, ko daga rarrabuwa. Tumatir inabõbi, misali, live shekaru da dama a cikin halitta wurare masu zafi / subtropical mazauninsu amma suna girma kamar yadda annuals a temperate yankunan domin su sama-ƙasa biomass ba tsira da hunturu.   
[[Fayil:Dates on date palm.jpg|thumb|Dabino Yana dadewa kamar shekaru da dama]]
Hakanan akwai aji na har abada, ko marasa [[tsiro]], perennials, gami da tsirrai kamar ''Bergenia,'' waɗanda ke riƙe da mayafi na ganye a duk shekara. An san wani tsaka -tsakin tsirrai da ake kira subshrubs, wanda ke riƙe da tsarin katako a cikin hunturu, misali. ''Penstemon''.

Alamar shuka na shekara -shekara, dangane da nau'ikan ''Plantarum'' ta Linnaeus, alama ce ta wakilta:[[File:Jupiter_symbol.svg|14x14px|Ƙari]]&lt;/img&gt; , wanda kuma shine alamar astronomical ga duniyar Jupiter. &lt;ref&gt;Stearn, William T. &quot;Botanical Latin&quot; (four editions, 1966-92)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zagayen rayuwa da tsari ==
Shuke -shuke masu shekaru da yawa sun fi yawan shuke -shuke (shuke -shuke da ke da ganyayyaki da mai tushe waɗanda ke mutuwa a ƙasa a ƙarshen lokacin girma kuma wanda ke nuna girma na farko kawai) ko na itace (shuke -shuke masu ɗorewa sama da tushe mai tushe wanda ke tsira daga lokacin girma zuwa na gaba, tare da ci gaban firamare da na sakandare, ko girma cikin fa'ida ta kariya ta waje),  wasu kuma har abada suna da ganye mai ɗorewa ba tare da tushe ba. Suna iya zama na ɗan gajeren lokaci ('yan shekaru kawai) ko tsawon rai. Sun haɗa da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na tsire-tsire daga tsire-tsire marasa furanni kamar ferns da hanta zuwa ga shuke-shuken furanni iri-iri kamar orchids, ciyawa, da tsirrai . Shuke -shuke da furanni da 'ya'yan itace sau ɗaya kawai sannan suka mutu ana kiranta monocarpic ko semelparous, waɗannan nau'in na iya rayuwa na shekaru da yawa kafin su yi fure,  misali, shuka na ƙarni na iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru 80 kuma ya yi tsayi mita 30 kafin fure da mutuwa.  Koyaya, yawancin perennials sune polycarpic (ko iteroparous), suna fure akan yanayi da yawa a rayuwarsu.  Perennials suna saka albarkatu fiye da na shekara -shekara zuwa tushen, rawanin, da sauran sifofi waɗanda ke ba su damar rayuwa daga shekara guda zuwa na gaba, amma suna da fa'idar gasa saboda za su iya fara haɓaka su kuma cika a farkon lokacin girma fiye da shekara -shekara, a yin haka za su iya yin gasa mafi kyau don sararin samaniya da tattara ƙarin haske. 

Shuke-shuke masu shekaru galibi suna haɓaka tsarukan da ke ba su damar dacewa da rayuwa daga shekara guda zuwa na gaba ta hanyar siyan tsiro maimakon shuka. Waɗannan tsarin sun haɗa da kwararan fitila, tubers, rawanin katako, rhizomes da turions . Suna iya samun tushe na musamman ko rawanin da zai ba su damar tsira lokacin bacci akan lokacin sanyi ko lokacin bushewa a cikin shekarar. Shekara -shekara, sabanin haka, suna samar da iri don ci gaba da nau'in a matsayin sabon ƙarni. A lokaci guda, lokacin shuka ya dace, kuma tsaba suna rayuwa akan sanyi ko lokacin bushewa don fara girma lokacin da yanayin ya sake dacewa.

Yawancin perennials suna da fasali na musamman waɗanda ke ba su damar tsira daga matsanancin yanayin muhalli. Wasu kuma sun saba da yanayin zafi ko bushe wasu kuma sun yi sanyi sosai; suna son saka hannun jari a cikin daidaitawarsu kuma galibi ba su yin fure da saita iri har sai bayan 'yan shekarun girma. A cikin yanayin yanayin zafi duk tsawon shekara, perennials shuke-shuke masu shekari na iya ci gaba da girma.  A cikin yanayin yanayi, ci gaban su yana iyakance ta zafin jiki ko danshi zuwa lokacin girma.

Wasu tsirrai da yawa suna riƙe da ganyen su shekara-shekara; Waɗannan su ne shuke -shuke marasa tushe. Ƙwayayyun bishiyoyi suna zubar da duk ganyensu na shekara,  sun haɗa da tsire -tsire masu tsire -tsire da na itace; tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna da tushe wanda ba shi da ƙarfi, girma mai ƙarfi, yayin da tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi suna da tushe tare da tsiron da ke rayuwa sama da ƙasa yayin dormancy,  wasu perennials shuke-shuke masu shekaru ba su da yawa, ma'ana suna rasa wasu daga cikin ganyayyakin su a cikin hunturu ko bazara.  Ƙwayoyin da ba su da yawa suna zubar da ganyensu lokacin da yanayin girma bai dace da photosynthesis ba, kamar lokacin sanyi ko bushewa. A wurare da yawa na duniya, ana nuna yanayin yanayi a matsayin lokacin rigar da bushewa maimakon lokacin zafi da sanyi, kuma tsirrai masu shuɗewa suna rasa ganyensu a lokacin bazara. 

Ana kiyaye wasu tsirrai na tsirrai daga gobarar daji saboda suna da tushen ƙasa wanda ke haifar da harbe -harbe, kwararan fitila, kambi, ko tushe ; &lt;ref name=&quot;Wagle1981&quot;&gt;R. F. Wagle. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xLRMAQAAMAAJ Fire, Its Effects on Plant Succession and Wildlife in the Southwest: Some Effects of Fire on Plant Succession and Variability in the Southwest from a Wildlife Management Viewpoint]''. School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona; 1981. p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt; wasu tsirrai kamar bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi na iya samun yadudduka masu kauri da ke kare mai tushe. Tsarin tsire -tsire masu tsire -tsire daga yankuna masu tsaka -tsaki da tsaunuka na duniya na iya jure sanyi yayin hunturu.

Tsarin shuke -shuke na iya zama na dindin na dogon lokaci sannan kuma ya ba da shawarar haɓaka da haɓaka lokacin da yanayi ya fi dacewa, yayin da yawancin tsire -tsire na shekara -shekara ke kammala zagayen rayuwarsu a lokacin girma ɗaya, kuma biennials suna da lokacin girma biyu.

Meristem na tsire -tsire masu tsire -tsire suna magana da hormones da aka samar saboda yanayin muhalli (watau yanayi), haifuwa, da matakin ci gaba don farawa da dakatar da ikon girma ko fure. Hakanan akwai bambanci tsakanin ikon girma da ainihin aikin haɓaka. Misali, yawancin bishiyoyi suna samun ikon yin girma a lokacin hunturu amma basa fara haɓaka jiki har zuwa lokacin bazara da bazara. Ana iya ganin farkon dormancy a cikin tsire -tsire masu tsire -tsire ta hanyar bushewar furanni, asarar ganyayyaki akan bishiyoyi, da dakatar da haifuwa a duka furanni da tsiro. 

Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana jinsunan iya nuna mun gwada manyan tsaba da cewa suna da amfani na samar da ya fi girma seedlings cewa za a fi gasa da sauran shuke-shuke. Perennials kuma suna samar da tsaba tsawon shekaru da yawa.

== Noma ==
Shuke-shuke masu shekaru da ake nomawa sun haɗa da: tsirrai masu itace kamar bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace da aka shuka don' ya'yansu masu cin abinci; shrubs da bishiyoyin da aka girma kamar kayan ado na shimfidar wuri; amfanin gona na ganye kamar bishiyar asparagus, rhubarb, strawberries ; da tsire -tsire masu saukin yanayi ba su da ƙarfi a cikin wurare masu sanyi kamar [[tumatir]], eggplant, da coleus (waɗanda ake bi da su shekara -shekara a wuraren sanyi).  Perennials kuma sun haɗa da tsire -tsire da aka shuka don furannin su da sauran ƙimar kayan ado ciki har da: kwararan fitila (kamar tulips, narcissus, da gladiolus); da ciyawar ciyawa, da sauran murfin ƙasa, (kamar periwinkle {{Efn|Some groundcovers, such as the periwinkle, (''[[Vinca major]]''), amongst others, are [[environmental weeds]] in some areas. They may be invasive in regions where are they are not native because their ability for rapid spread chokes out native plant species and alters habitats. For ''Vinca'', areas affected include parts of Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States, especially coastal California.&lt;ref name=&quot;calipc&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Cal-IPC |title=''Vinca major'' Profile |url=https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/vinca-major-profile/ |website=California Invasive Plant Council |access-date=17 June 2021 |date=2017-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;crc&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Cooperative Research Centre for Australian Weed Management |title=CRC Weed management Guide: Periwinkle - Vinca major |date=2008 |isbn=978-1-920932-71-8 |url=https://www.aabr.org.au/images/stories/resources/ManagementGuides/WeedGuides/wmg_periwinkle.pdf |access-date=17 June 2021 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200656/https://www.aabr.org.au/images/stories/resources/ManagementGuides/WeedGuides/wmg_periwinkle.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HEAR&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR) |title=''Vinca major'' information from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW) |url=http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/vinca_major/ |website=www.hear.org |access-date=17 June 2021 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030630/http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/vinca_major/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;}} da &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwhA&quot;&gt;Dichondra&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ). {{Sfn|Janick|1986}}

Kowane nau'in shuka dole ne a rarrabe daban; misali, shuke -shuke waɗanda ke da tsarin tushen fibrous kamar yini -rana, Siberian iris ko ciyawa za a iya raba su tare da allurar lambu guda biyu da aka saka a baya, ko a yanka ta wuƙaƙe. Koyaya, tsirrai irin su gemun gemu suna da tsarin rhizomes; Dole ne a dasa waɗannan tushen tushen tare da saman rhizome sama da matakin ƙasa, tare da ganyayyaki daga shekara mai zuwa. Batun raba perennials shine don haɓaka adadin nau'in shuka guda ɗaya a cikin lambun ku.  A Amurka an sayar da fiye da dalar Amurka miliyan 900 na tsirrai na tsirrai masu shuke -shuke a shekarar 2019. 
[[File:RIMG0163uf.JPG|right|thumb| ''Shuke -shuken Dahlia'' tsirrai ne masu taushi waɗanda suka samo asali daga yanayin yanayin zafi duk shekara kuma suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman don tsira daga lokacin sanyi.]]

== Amfanin noma ==
[[File:Switchgrass_roots.jpg|right|thumb|500x500px| Switchgrass shine tsiro mai tushe. Waɗannan tushen sun fi tsayin mita 3.]]
Ko da yake yawancin mutane ana ciyar da su ta hanyar sake shuka iri na amfanin gona na hatsi na shekara-shekara, (ko ta halitta ko ta ƙoƙarin ɗan adam), amfanin gona [[Shuka na Shekara-Shekara|na shekara-shekara yana]] ba da fa'idodi masu yawa. &lt;ref&gt;Glover et al. [http://www.landinstitute.org/pages/Glover-et-al-2007-Sci-Am.pdf Future Farming: A return to roots?] Retrieved on 2008-11-11.&lt;/ref&gt; Perennial shuke-shuke masu shekaru sau da yawa da zurfi, m tushen tsarin wanda zai iya riƙe ƙasa don hana [[Zaizayar Kasa|yashewa]], kama narkar da nitrogen da shi zai iya sama kasa da kuma ruwa surface, da kuma fitar da-gasa weeds (rage bukatar herbicides ). Waɗannan fa'idodin fa'idoji na dindindin sun haifar da sabbin ƙoƙarin ƙara yawan amfanin gona na nau'ikan tsirrai, &lt;ref&gt;Moffat 1996 Retrieved on 2008-11-14&lt;/ref&gt; wanda zai iya haifar da ƙirƙirar sabbin amfanin gona na tsirrai. &lt;ref&gt;Cox et al. 2000 Retrieved on 2008-11-14&lt;/ref&gt; Wasu misalan sabbin amfanin gona da ake ci gaba da haɓakawa sune [[shinkafa]] mai ɗorewa da ciyawar alkama . Cibiyar Land ta kiyasta cewa amfanin gona, amfanin gona na amfanin gona mai ɗimbin yawa zai ɗauki aƙalla shekaru 25 kafin a cimma.

== Wuri ==
{{stereo image|image=Perflow3d.jpg|caption=Seeds from various perennial flowers|width=450|height=173}}
Shuke -shuken tsirrai suna mamaye tsarukan halittu da yawa a ƙasa da cikin ruwa mai daɗi, tare da kaɗan kaɗan (misali ''Zostera'' ) yana faruwa a cikin ruwan teku mara zurfi. Herbaceous perennial shuke-shuke ne musamman rinjaye a cikin yanayi ma wuta-yiwuwa ga itatuwa da kuma shrubs, misali, mafi shuke-shuke a kan prairies da kuma matakan ne Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana. su ma sun fi rinjaye a kan tundra da sanyi sosai don girma itacen. Kusan duk [[Gandun Daji|tsire -tsire na gandun daji]] suna da yawa, gami da bishiyoyi da shrubs.

Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire galibi sune mafi kyawun masu fafatawa na dogon lokaci, musamman a ƙarƙashin kwanciyar hankali, yanayin talauci. Wannan ya faru ne saboda haɓaka manyan tsarin tushen da zai iya samun ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki ƙasa a cikin ƙasa kuma zuwa farkon fitowar bazara. Shuke -shuke na shekara -shekara suna da fa'ida a cikin mawuyacin yanayi saboda saurin haɓakarsu da haɓaka haɓakar su. &lt;ref name=&quot;Monsen1994&quot;&gt;Stephen B. Monsen. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=qHEF25TIg34C&amp;pg=PA342 Proceedings--ecology and Management of Annual Rangelands]''. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1994. p. 342–.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nau'ukan ==

* Misalan tsirrai masu shuɗi sun haɗa da ''Begonia'' da [[ayaba]] .
* Misalan gandun daji na ganye sun haɗa da goldenrod da [[Na'a-Na'a|mint]] .
* Misalan monocarpic perennials sun haɗa da ''Agave'' da wasu nau'ikan ''Streptocarpus'' .
* Misalan woody Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana hada da Maple, Pine, da kuma [[Tuffa|apple]] itatuwa.
* Misalan herbaceous Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana, a wajen noma hada alfalfa, ''Thinopyrum intermedium'', da kuma Red Clover .

== Jerin shuke-shuke masu shekaru ==

=== Furen furanni ===
Perennials da aka girma don furannin kayan ado sun haɗa da nau'ikan iri da iri. Misalan sun hada da

* Dahlia
* Kniphofia
* Hollyhock
* Lupin

=== 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ===
Yawancin tsire -tsire masu ba da 'ya'ya suna da yawa ko da a cikin yanayin yanayi. Misalan sun hada da

=== Ganyen tsirrai ===
Yawancin ganye suna da yawa har da waɗannan misalai:

=== Kayan lambu da yawa ===
Yawancin tsire -tsire na kayan lambu na iya girma a matsayin tsirrai a cikin yanayin zafi, amma suna mutuwa a cikin yanayin sanyi. Misalan wasu daga cikin mafi yawan kayan lambu na yau da kullun sune:

== Bayanan kula ==
 

== Manazarta ==
 

== Hanyoyin waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120704232205/http://www.usna.usda.gov/Hardzone/ushzmap.html Taswirar Yankin Hardiness na USDA]
* [http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/perennials/ Noma tare da Perennials] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502035516/http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/perennials/ |date=2015-05-02 }}
* [http://www.kallus.com/aroids/ediblecuisine.htm Aroids masu cin abinci] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601201726/http://www.kallus.com/aroids/ediblecuisine.htm |date=2013-06-01 }}
* [http://www.pfaf.org Shuke -shuke don Gaba]
[[Category:Shuka]]
[[Category:Annual plant]]
[[Category:Biennial plants]]
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{{Hujja}}&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Microsoft buys Nokia's Devices and Services Unit, unites Windows Phone 8 and its hardware maker&quot;. The Verge. 2 September 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;[[Fayil:Nokia 6230 Black.jpg|thumb|mota kirar nokiya]]
Kamfanin '''Nokia''' (asalin Nokia Oyj, wanda ake kira Nokia; salo a matsayin NOKIA) &lt;ref&gt;Natively Nokia Oyj in Finnish, and Nokia Abp in Swedish. UK: /ˈnɒkiə/, US: /ˈnoʊkiə/, Finnish: [ˈnokiɑ&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Articles of Association of Nokia Corporation&quot; (PDF). Nokia Corporation. Retrieved 8 June 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;shi ne sadarwa ta ƙasashe da yawa na Finnish, fasahar bayanai, da kamfanin lantarki, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1865. Babban hedkwatar Nokia yana Espoo, Finland, a cikin babban [[Helsinki]] yankin birni, amma ainihin tushen kamfanin yana cikin yankin [[Tampere]] na Pirkanmaa. A cikin shekara ta 2020, Nokia ta ɗauki kusan mutane 92,000 a cikin ƙasashe sama da 100, sun yi kasuwanci a cikin ƙasashe sama da 130, kuma sun ba da rahoton kudaden shiga na shekara -shekara na kusan billion 23 biliyan. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Nokia&quot; (in Finnish). YTJ.fi. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;Nokia kamfani ne mai iyaka na jama'a wanda aka jera a kan Helsinki Stock Exchange da New York Stock Exchange.&lt;ref&gt;HS: Nokian juuret ovat Tammerkosken rannalla (in Finnish)&lt;/ref&gt; Shi ne kamfani mafi girma na 415 a duniya wanda aka auna ta kudaden shiga na &lt;ref&gt;Morris, Iain. &quot;Nokia has cut 11,000 jobs in effort to boost profit&quot;. Light Reading.&lt;/ref&gt;shekara ta 2016, bisa ga Fortune Global 500, inda ya hau matsayi na 85 a shekara ta 2009. Sashi ne na ƙimar kasuwar hannun jari ta Euro Stoxx 50.&lt;ref&gt;Report for Q4 and Full Year 2018&quot; (PDF). Nokia Corporation. 21 March 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;  
[[Fayil:CeBIT 2005 Nokia-branded Mini.jpg|thumb|Mota kirar nokiya]]
Kamfanin ya yi aiki a masana'antu daban -daban a cikin shekaru 150 da suka gabata. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Nokia – FAQ&quot;. Nokia Corporation. Archived from the original on 8 February 2009. Retrieved 16 March 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;An kafa ta ne a matsayin injin daskarewa kuma an daɗe ana haɗa ta da roba da igiyoyi amma tun daga shekarun 1990. ta mai da hankali kan manyan hanyoyin sadarwa, haɓaka fasaha, da lasisi&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fortune Global 500 (100) – 2009 (Fortune ) – Ranking The Brands&quot;. ''Rankingthebrands.com''. Retrieved 28 March 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;. Nokia babbar mai ba da gudummawa ce ga masana'antar wayar tafi -da -gidanka, bayan da ta taimaka wajen haɓaka ƙa'idodin GSM, 3G, da LTE (kuma a halin yanzu a cikin 5G), &lt;ref&gt;Global 500 2016&quot;. Fortune. 2017. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Euro Stoxx 50&quot;. Boerse-frankfurt.de. Retrieved 24 August 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Thom Holwerda (11 October 2012). &quot;The story of Nokia's Maemo and MeeGo&quot;. OS News.&lt;/ref&gt;kuma ya kasance babban mai siyar da wayoyin hannu da wayoyin hannu a duk duniya. Nokia na ɗaya daga cikin manyan samfuran da Samsung ke biye da su a farkon shekarun 2000. amma ya yi &lt;ref&gt;&quot;This is the new Nokia&quot;. ''The Verge''. 18 November 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;gwagwarmaya a kasuwanni saboda Nokia ba ta saka hannun jari wajen kera wayoyin hannu na taɓawa ba a lokacin. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Full Text: Nokia CEO Stephen Elop's 'Burning Platform' Memo&quot;. The Wall Street Journal. 9 February 2011. Archived from the original on 11 February 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Sampsa Kurri (11 October 2012), The story of Nokia MeeGo, archived from the original on 16 October 2012&lt;/ref&gt;Bayan haɗin gwiwa tare da Microsoft da gwagwarmayar kasuwar Nokia ta gaba, Microsoft ta sayi kasuwancin wayar salula, ta ƙirƙirar Microsoft Mobile a matsayin wanda zai gaje ta a shekarar 2014.&lt;ref&gt;Ovide, Shira. &quot;Microsoft in $7.17 Billion Deal for Nokia Cellphone Business&quot;. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 3 September 2013&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan siyarwar, Nokia ta fara mai da hankali sosai kan kasuwancin kayayyakin sadarwar ta da Intanet na fasahar abubuwa, alama. karkatar da sashen taswirar ta Anan da siyan Alcatel-Lucent, gami da ƙungiyar bincike ta Bell Labs. Kamfanin sannan kuma yayi gwaji tare da haƙiƙanin gaskiya da lafiyar dijital, na ƙarshe ta hanyar siyan Withings&lt;ref&gt;Microsoft closes Nokia deal, pays more than expected&quot;. CNET&lt;/ref&gt;. Alamar Nokia ta koma kasuwar wayar hannu da wayoyin hannu a cikin shekara ta  2016. ta hanyar tsarin lasisi tare da HMD Global. Nokia na ci gaba da zama babban mai ba da lasisin lasisi ga mafi yawan manyan dillalan wayar hannu. Tun daga shekara ta 2018, Nokia ita ce ta uku mafi girma a duniya wajen samar da kayan aikin sadarwa.&lt;ref&gt;Coupland, Douglas. &quot;The Ghost of Invention: A Visit to Bell Labs&quot;. Wired.&lt;/ref&gt;  

Finns sun kalli kamfanin da alfahari da ƙasa, kamar yadda kasuwancin wayoyin salula ya sa ya zama babban kamfani mafi girma a duniya da alama daga Finland. A mafi girmansa a cikin shekara ta 2000, &lt;ref&gt;&quot;How Nokia reinvented itself&quot;. ''CNNMoney Switzerland''. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Nokia celebrates first day of combined operations with Alcatel-Lucent&quot;. Nokia. Archived from the original on 16 January 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Nokia plans to acquire Withings to accelerate entry into Digital Health&quot;. 26 April 2016. Archived from the original on 19 May 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Best, Jo. &quot;'Mobile phones are our history, not our future': Nokia on where next for hardware&quot;. ZDNet. Retrieved 28 March 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;yayin kumbon sadarwa,&lt;ref&gt;Scott Barr, Chris (18 May 2016). &quot;Microsoft sells Nokia brand use to Foxconn and HMD global&quot;. SlashGear. Retrieved 16 May 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Nokia's key to success: A strong portfolio combined with aggressive licensing – Filing Analytics&quot;. Filinganalytics.io. Retrieved 28 March 2019&lt;/ref&gt;Nokia ta kai kashi 4% na GDP na ƙasar, 21% na jimlar fitar da kayayyaki, da 70% na babban birnin kasuwar musayar hannayen jari na Helsinki.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ericsson, Samsung gain share in network gear as ZTE slumps&quot;. Reuters.com. 23 August 2018. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Vilpponen, Antti (4 September 2013). &quot;Nokia: Finland mourns the demise of its proud tech heritage&quot;. The Guardian.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Kelly, Gordon. &quot;Finland and Nokia: an affair to remember&quot;. Wired UK.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Bloomberg (4 September 2013). &quot;Finland mourns loss of national icon Nokia&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Labari==

=== 1865–1967 ===
[[File:Nokia_Toilet_paper.JPG|thumb| Rolls na bayan gida wadanda kamfanin Nokia suka samar a shekarun 1960, Cibiyar Tarihi ta Vapriikki, Tampere]]

Tarihin Nokia ya samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1865, lokacin da injiniyan hakar ma'adinai na Finnish-Swede Fredrik Idestam ya kafa injin sarrafa ruwa a bakin tekun Tammerkoski kusa da garin Tampere, Finland (sannan a Daular Rasha)&lt;ref&gt;HS: Nokian juuret ovat Tammerkosken rannalla (in Finnish)&lt;/ref&gt;. An buɗe injin injin na biyu a cikin shekara ta 1868. kusa da garin makwabta na &lt;ref&gt;HS: Nokian juuret ovat Tammerkosken rannalla (in Finnish)&lt;/ref&gt;Nokia, inda aka sami ingantattun albarkatun ruwa. A cikin shekara ta  1871, Idestam, tare da abokinsa Leo Mechelin, sun kafa kamfani ɗaya kuma sun kira shi Nokia Ab (a cikin Yaren mutanen [[Sweden]], Kamfanin Nokia shine kwatankwacin Ingilishi), bayan wurin da injin daskarewa na biyu.

Idestam ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 1896, inda ya mayar da Mechelin shugaban kamfanin; ya fadada zuwa samar da wutar lantarki ta shekarar ta  1902, wanda Idestam ya yi adawa da shi. A cikin shekara ta 1904. Suomen Gummitehdas (Ayyukan Rubber na Finnish), kasuwancin roba wanda Eduard Polón ya kafa, ya kafa masana'anta kusa da garin Nokia kuma ya yi amfani da sunanta.

A cikin shekara ta 1922, a cikin Finland mai cin gashin kanta a yanzu, Nokia Ab ta shiga haɗin gwiwa tare da Finber Rubber Works da Kaapelitehdas (masana'antar kebul), duk a yanzu tare a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Polón. Kamfanin roba ya yi girma cikin sauri lokacin da ya koma yankin Nokia a cikin shekara ta 1930. don cin gajiyar samar da wutar lantarki, kuma kamfanin kebul ba da jimawa ba ma ya yi.

Nokia a lokacin ta kuma sanya masu ba da agaji don amfanin farar hula da na soja, daga shekara ta 1930. har zuwa farkon shekara ta  1990.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Start01&quot;. Gasmasklexikon.com. Retrieved 23 November 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 1967–1990 ===
[[File:Patteriston_komentopaikka_Hämeenlinna_4.JPG|thumb| LV 317M rediyo na soja a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya na Hämeenlinna]]

A cikin shekara ta 1967, kamfanoni uku - Nokia, Kaapelitehdas, da Finber Rubber Works - sun haɗu don ƙirƙirar sabon Kamfanin Nokia, wanda aka sake tsara shi zuwa manyan kamfanoni huɗu: gandun daji, kebul, roba, da lantarki. A farkon shekara ta  1970, ta shiga harkar sadarwa da masana'antar rediyo. Nokia ta fara kera kayan aikin soji ga dakarun tsaron Finland (Puolustusvoimat), kamar mai magana da yawun Sanomalaite M/90 a shekara ta 1983, da kuma mashin gas na M61 wanda aka fara kirkirar shi a shekara ta  1960. Yanzu Nokia kuma tana kera ƙwararrun rediyo ta wayar hannu, sauya wayoyin tarho, capacitors da sunadarai.

Bayan yarjejeniyar kasuwanci ta Finland da [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] a shekara ta  1960, Nokia ta fadada zuwa kasuwar Soviet. Ba da daɗewa ba ya faɗaɗa kasuwanci, wanda ya fara daga musayar tarho ta atomatik zuwa robotik da sauransu; a ƙarshen shekara ta 1970, Tarayyar Soviet ta zama babbar kasuwa ga Nokia, tana taimakawa wajen samar da riba mai yawa. Nokia kuma ta yi aiki tare da fasahar kimiyya tare da Tarayyar Soviet. Gwamnatin Amurka ta ƙara shakkar wannan haɗin gwiwar bayan ƙarshen Yakin Cacar Baki détente a farkon shekara ta 1980s. Nokia ta shigo da abubuwa da yawa da Amurka ta ƙera kuma ta yi amfani da su cikin samfura don Soviets, kuma a cewar Mataimakin Ministan Tsaro na Amurka, Richard Perle, Nokia tana da haɗin gwiwa a asirce tare da The Pentagon wanda ya ba Amurka damar bin diddigin ci gaban fasaha a cikin. Tarayyar Soviet ta hanyar kasuwanci tare da Nokia. Wannan zanga -zangar ce ta kasuwancin Finland tare da ɓangarorin biyu, saboda ba ta tsaka tsaki ba a lokacin Yaƙin Cacar Baki.&lt;ref&gt;COMPANY NEWS; Nokia Oy Buys Stake in Ericsson&quot;. ''The New York Times''. Reuters. 21 January 1988. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 14 August 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekara ta 1977, Kari Kairamo ya zama Shugaba kuma ya canza kasuwancin kamfanin. A wannan lokacin, Finland ta zama abin da ake kira &quot;Nordic [[Japan]]&quot;. A karkashin jagorancinsa, Nokia ta sami kamfanoni da yawa ciki har da mai yin talabijin Salora a shekara ta 1984, sai kuma kayan lantarki na Sweden da mai yin kwamfuta kwamfuta Luxor AB a 1985, da kuma kamfanin kera talabijin na Faransa Oceanic a shekara ta 1987. Wannan ya sanya Nokia ta zama mafi girman masana'antar talabijin ta Turai (bayan Philips da Thomson). An ci gaba da amfani da samfuran da ake da su har zuwa ƙarshen kasuwancin talabijin a shekara ta 1996.

[[File:Nokia_Mikko_display_and_keyboard.JPG|thumb| Nokia Mikko 3 karamin na'ura mai kwakwalwa, 1978]]
[[File:Mobira_Cityman_450.JPG|thumb| Mobira Cityman 450, 1985]]

A cikin shekara ta 1987, Nokia ta sami Schaub-Lorenz, ayyukan mabukaci na Standard Elektrik Lorenz (SEL) na Jamus, wanda ya haɗa da samfuran &quot;Schaub-Lorenz&quot; da &quot;Graetz&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Nokia's Secret Code Perhaps the least hierarchical big company in the world, Nokia has been winning big in wireless. But its Finnish recipe for innovation is about to be put to the test. – May 1, 2000&quot;. Fortune (magazine).&lt;/ref&gt;. Asalinsa wani ɓangare ne na Kamfanin Hadin gwiwar Ƙasashen Duniya da Telegraph (ITT) na Amurka, kuma bayan da aka siyar da samfuran a ƙarƙashin alamar &quot;ITT Nokia&quot;, duk da siyar da SEL ga Compagnie Générale d'Electricité (CGE), magabacin Alcatel, a shekara ta 1986 .

A ranar 1 ga watan  Afrilu shekara ta 1988, Nokia ta sayi sashen Tsarin Bayanai na Ericsson, wanda ya samo asali a matsayin rukunin komputa na Datasaab na jirgin saman Sweden da kamfanin kera mota Saab. Tsarin Bayani na Ericsson ya yi tashoshin Alfaskop, masu buga rubutu, masu amfani da ƙananan na'urori da PCS masu jituwa na IBM. Haɗin tare da sashen Tsarin Bayanai na Nokia - wanda tun a shekara ta 1981. yana da layin kwamfutoci na sirri da ake kira MikroMikko - ya haifar da sunan Nokia Data.

Nokia ta kuma mallaki Mobira, wani kamfanin wayar tafi da gidanka, wanda shine ginshiƙin kasuwancin wayar hannu ta gaba. A cikin shekara ta 1981, Mobira ta ƙaddamar da sabis na Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT), cibiyar sadarwar wayar salula ta duniya ta farko kuma ta farko don ba da izinin yawo na ƙasa da ƙasa. A cikin shekara ta 1982, Mobira ta ƙaddamar da wayar mota ta Mobira Senator, wayar Nokia ta farko. A wancan lokacin, kamfanin ba shi da sha'awar kera wayoyin hannu, wanda hukumar zartarwa ke ɗauka daidai da na James Bond: na'urori masu yuwuwa da na gaba. Bayan duk waɗannan abubuwan da aka saya, tushen samun kuɗin Nokia ya zama dalar Amurka biliyan 2.7. Shugaba Kairamo ya kashe kansa a ranar 11 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1988.

A cikin shekara ta 1987, Kaapelitehdas ya daina kera igiyoyi a masana'antar ta Helsinki bayan shekaru 44, yana rufe ƙananan kamfanin.&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Mobira 800-NDB.JPG|Mobira 800-NDB fitilar da ba ta shugabanci wacce take a cikin sigar gidan kayan gargajiyar ta Sojojin Sama na Finland
File:Lasersuunnin merivoimien vuosipäivä 2013 Kotka 3.JPG|Nokia MAC 8532 wajan kera laser a baya wadanda manyan bindigogin bakin ruwa na kasar Finnish suke amfani dasu
File:Patteriston komentopaikka Hämeenlinna 2.JPG|Nunin gidan kayan tarihin Hämeenlinna wanda ke dauke da jami'in kula da wuta tare da kalkuleta na Nokia a cikin rundunar kwamandan manyan bindigogi na Finnish
File:MikroMikko 4 TT m216 Tekniikan museo 02.jpg|Late 1980s MikroMikko 4 TT m216 computer desktop in the Museum of Technology, Helsinki, Finland
File:Itt-nokia television and vhs-video.jpeg|ITT Nokia talabijin tare da ITT Nokia VCR (ITT / SEL)
File:Mobira kaukohakulaite.png|Motar Mobira ta 1986
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== 1990–2010 ===
[[File:Jorma_Ollila_2013.jpg|thumb| Jorma Ollila, wacce ta lura da hauhawar kamfanin Nokia a kasuwar wayoyin hannu a matsayin Shugaba daga shekarar 1992 zuwa 2006]]

Bayan nadin Simo Vuorilehto a matsayin &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Nokia Announces Final Sale of its Television Manufacturing Business&quot;. Nokia.&lt;/ref&gt;Shugaba, an shirya wani babban gyara. Tare da ƙungiyoyi 11 a cikin kamfanin, Vuorilehto ya karkatar da sassan masana'antu da ya ɗauka a matsayin marasa dabaru. Nokian Tires (Nokian Renkaat), mai kera taya da aka kirkira a matsayin wani bangare na Ayyukan Rubber na Finland a shekara ta 1932, ya rabu da Kamfanin Nokia a shekara ta 1988&lt;ref&gt;Nokia First to Launch Digital Satellite Receiver in The UK&quot;. Nokia.&lt;/ref&gt;. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, a shekara ta 1990, Ayyukan Rubber na Finnish sun bi sahu. A shekara ta 1991, Nokia ta sayar da sashen na’urar kwamfuta, Nokia Data, ga Kamfanin International Computers Limited (ICL), wanda ya kasance farkon Fujitsu Siemens. Masu saka hannun jari sun yi tunanin hakan a matsayin matsalar kudi kuma farashin hannun jarin Nokia ya fadi sakamakon hakan. Finland yanzu ma tana fuskantar koma bayan tattalin arziki mafi muni a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar rayuwa, kuma rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, babban abokin ciniki, ya kara dagula al'amura.
[[Fayil:Nokia ST.jpg|thumb]]
Vuorilehto ya yi murabus a cikin watan Janairu a shekara ta  1992, kuma ya maye gurbinsa da Jorma Ollila, wacce ta kasance shugabar kasuwancin wayar hannu daga shekara ta 1990, kuma ta ba da shawara game da sayar da wannan rukunin. Ollila ya yanke shawarar juyar da Nokia zuwa kamfanin 'telecom-oriented', daga ƙarshe ya kawar da rarrabuwa kamar kasuwancin wutar lantarki. Wannan dabarar ta tabbatar da nasara sosai kuma kamfanin ya haɓaka cikin sauri a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Ribar aikin Nokia ya tashi daga mara kyau a shekara ta 1991, zuwa dala biliyan 1 a shekara ta 1995, kuma kusan dala biliyan Hudu 4 a shekara ta 1999.

Wayar Nokia ta farko mai cikakken šaukuwa bayan Sanatan Mobira shine Mobira Cityman 900 a shekara ta 1987. Nokia ta taimaka wajen haɓaka ƙirar wayar hannu ta GSM a cikin shekara ta 1980s, kuma ta haɓaka hanyar sadarwar GSM ta farko tare da Siemens, magabacin Nokia Siemens Network. Firayim Ministan Finland Harri Holkeri ne ya yi kiran GSM na farko a ranar 1 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 1991, ta amfani da kayan aikin Nokia a kan hanyar sadarwa ta MHz 900 da Nokia ta gina kuma Radiolinja ke sarrafawa. A cikin watan Nuwamba 1992, Nokia 1011 ta ƙaddamar, wanda ya sa ta zama farkon wayar salula ta GSM ta kasuwanci.

Salora Oy a matsayin reshen Nokia ya ƙare a shekarar 1989 lokacin da aka haɗa rarrabuwa zuwa Nokia-Mobira Oy. An ci gaba da amfani da alamar don talabijin har zuwa shekara ta 1995.

A ranar 12 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 1996, Nokia ta ba da sanarwar sayar da kasuwancin tallan ta ga Kamfanin Semi-Tech na Kanada/Hong Kong. An rufe kamfanin kera talabijin a Jamus a watan Satumbar a shekara ta 1996. Sayarwar ta haɗa da masana'anta a [[Turku]], da haƙƙin amfani da samfuran Nokia, Finlux, Luxor, Salora, Schaub-Lorenz da Oceanic har zuwa ƙarshen shkara ta 1999. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan samfuran daga baya an sayar da su ga wasu kamfanoni.

Nokia ita ce ta fara ƙaddamar da tauraron dan adam na dijital a Burtaniya, wanda aka sanar a cikin watan Maris shekara ta 1997. A watan Agusta shekara ta 1997 Nokia ta gabatar da na’urar tauraron dan adam ta farko tare da tallafin Common Interface (CI). A cikin shekara ta 1998, Nokia ta zama zaɓaɓɓen mai siyar da kayayyaki don samar da akwatunan akwatin gidan talabijin na dijital na farko na duniya ta British Digital Broadcasting (BDB), wanda a ƙarshe aka ƙaddamar da shi a matsayin ONdigital.[[File:Digital-tv-box_från_Nokia.jpg|thumb| Babban Mediamaster na Nokia saiti]]

A watan Oktoban shekara ta 1998, Nokia ta riski Motorola ta zama babbar wayar salula mafi siyarwa, kuma a watan Disamba ta kera wayar salula ta miliyan dari. Babban dalilin da yasa Nokia tayi girma akan manyan masu fafatawa da ita Motorola da Ericsson shine cewa ta sami damar kula da kasuwar matasa masu amfani da masu amfani da kayan kwalliya, mafi mahimmanci tare da wayoyin hannu na Nokia 5110 da 3210 waɗanda ke nuna babban kewayon launuka masu canzawa da canzawa- murfin da ake kira Xpress-on. Daya daga cikin wayoyin zamani na farko a cikin shekara ta 1992, daga agogon Switzerland Swatch, ya dogara ne akan wayar Nokia ta 101. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Nokia Announces Heads of Agreement to Sell Its Remaining Television Business&quot;. Nokia.&lt;/ref&gt;Kamfanin zai kuma samar da rukunin Vertu, yana ƙirƙirar wayoyin hannu masu alatu.

Nokia ta yi iƙirarin a watan Afrilu shekara ta  1996, masu sa ido na 447Xav da 447K su zama na farko tare da masu magana da sitiriyo da ƙaramin woofer. A watan Mayu shekara ta 1999 Nokia ta gabatar da samfuran LAN na farko mara waya. A watan Janairun 2000 ViewSonic ya sayi samfuran Nuni na Nokia, rabon yin nunin don kwamfutoci na sirri. A ranar 26  ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 2001, Nokia ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Telefonica don samar da modem ɗin DSL da magudanar ruwa a [[Ispaniya|Spain]].

A cikin shekara ta 1997, Nokia ta kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanin lantarki na [[Brazil]] Gradiente inda aka basu lasisin kera ire -iren wayoyin salula na Nokia a cikin gida ƙarƙashin sunayen Nokia da Gradiente.

A cikin shekara ta 1998, Nokia ta kafa kamfanin Symbian Ltd. wanda Psion ke jagoranta don ƙirƙirar sabon tsarin aiki don PDAs da wayoyin hannu masu wayo a matsayin magajin EPOC32. Sun saki Nokia 9210 Communicator da ke gudanar da Symbian OS a shekara ta 2001, kuma daga baya a waccan shekarar ta kirkiri dandalin Symbian Series 60, daga baya suka gabatar da ita tare da wayar kyamarar su ta farko, Nokia 7650. Dukansu Nokia da Symbian sun zama manyan kayan masarufi na wayoyi da mai yin software bi da bi, kuma a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2004 Nokia ta zama babban mai hannun jari na Symbian Ltd. Nokia ta mallaki kamfani baki daya a watan Yunin shekara ta 2008, sannan ta kafa Gidauniyar Symbian a matsayin wanda zai gaje ta.

A cikin shekara ta 1998, kawai, kamfanin yana da kuɗin shiga na dala biliyan 20 wanda ya sami ribar dala biliyan 2.6. Zuwa shekarar 2000 Nokia ta dauki mutane sama da 55,000 aiki, kuma tana da kaso 30% a kasuwar wayar tafi da gidanka, kusan ninki biyu na babbar gasa, Motorola. Kamfanin yana aiki a kasashe 140 tun daga shekara ta 1999. An ba da rahoton a lokacin cewa wasu mutane sun yi imanin Nokia kamfanin Japan ne. Tsakanin shekara ta 1996, zuwa shekara ta 2001, yawan kudin da Nokia ta samu ya karu ninki biyar, daga € 6.5 biliyan zuwa € 31bn.

[[File:Nokia_mobile_phones.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px| Tarin wayoyin hannu na Nokia daga shekarun 2000]]

Daga nan za a san kamfanin a matsayin mai nasara kuma mai kirkirar wayoyin kyamara. Nokia 3600/3650 ita ce wayar kamara ta farko da aka sayar a Arewacin Amurka a shekasra ta 2003. A watan Afrilu shekara ta 2005, Nokia ta yi hadin gwiwa da mai kera kyamarar kyamarar Jamus Carl Zeiss AG. A cikin wannan watan Nokia ta gabatar da Nseries, wanda zai zama layin wayoyin salula na shekaru shida masu zuwa. Nokia N95 da aka gabatar a watan Satumba na shekarar 2006 ya yi nasara sosai kuma an kuma ba shi lambar yabo a matsayin &quot;mafi kyawun na'urar daukar hoto&quot; a Turai a shekara ta  2007. Wanda ya gaje shi N82 ya nuna walƙiyar xenon, wanda ya taimaka mata lashe lambar &quot;mafi kyawun hoton wayar hannu&quot; a Turai a shekara ta 2008. N93 a shekara ta 2006, an san shi da camcorder na musamman da kuma karkatacciyar ƙirar da ke sauyawa tsakanin clamshell da matsayi kamar camcorder. An kuma san su sosai da N8 tare da babban firikwensin 12-megapixel a cikin shekara ta 2010; 808 PureView a cikin shekara ta 2012, tare da firikwensin 41-megapixel; da tutar Lumia 920 a cikin shekara ta 2012, wanda ya aiwatar da ingantattun fasahar PureView.

Nokia ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara wasan caca ta hannu saboda shaharar Snake, wanda aka riga aka ɗora shi akan samfura da yawa. A cikin shekara ta  2002, Nokia ta yi ƙoƙarin kutsawa cikin kasuwar caca ta hannu tare da N-Gage. Shugaban nishaɗi da kafofin watsa labarai na Nokia, Ilkka Raiskinen, ya taɓa yin ƙaulin &quot;Game Boy na yara 'yan shekara 10&quot;, yana mai bayyana cewa N-Gage ya fi dacewa da masu sauraro da suka manyanta. Koyaya, na'urar ta gaza, ta kasa ƙalubalantar jagoran kasuwar Nintendo. Nokia ta yi ƙoƙarin farfado da N-Gage a matsayin dandamali na wayoyin salula na S60, wanda a ƙarshe aka ƙaddamar da su a shekara ta 2008.

A cikin Q1a shekara ta  2004, kasuwar wayar salula ta Nokia ta ragu sosai zuwa 28.9%, ƙasa daga 34.6% a shekara da ta gabata. Koyaya, zuwa shekara ta 2006 kamfanin ya sake samun ci gaba kuma a cikin Q4 a shekara ta 2007 ya kai adadi mafi girma na 40.4%. Rabon kasuwar wayoyin salula a waccan kwata shine 51%. Nokia ita ce babbar mai siyarwa a lokacin a duk yankuna bar Arewacin Amurka.

Nokia ta ƙaddamar da gwajin talabijin ta wayar hannu a 2005 a Finland tare da abun ciki wanda mai watsa labarai na jama'a Yle ya bayar. Ayyukan suna dogara ne akan ma'aunin DVB-H. Ana iya duba shi tare da babbar wayar Nokia 7710 tare da kayan haɗi na musamman wanda ke ba shi damar karɓar siginar DVB-H. Nokia ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Arqiva da O2 don ƙaddamar da gwaji a Burtaniya a watan Satumba shekara ta 2005.

A cikin shekara ta  2005 Nokia ta haɓaka tsarin aiki na tushen Linux wanda ake kira Maemo, wanda ya yi jigilar wannan shekarar akan Nokia 770 Internet Tablet.

A ranar 1 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 2006, Jorma Ollila ta zama shugaban kamfanin kuma ta yi ritaya a matsayin Shugaba, wanda Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo ya maye gurbinsa.[[File:Nokia_Sao_Paulo_Flagship.jpg|left|thumb| Babban shagon Nokia a [[São Paulo]], Brazil a shekara 2009]]

A watan Agusta na shekara ta 2007, Nokia ta gabatar da Ovi, sunan laima don sabbin aiyukan Intanet na kamfanin wanda ya haɗa da dandalin N-Gage da Nokia Music Store. Shagon Ovi ya fuskanci gagarumar gasa da Apple App Store lokacin da aka gabatar da shi a shekara ta 2008.

A watan Oktobar shekara ta 2008, Nokia ta sanar da Nokia 5800 XpressMusic, na’urar farko da za ta yi jigilar kaya tare da sabon S60 5th Edition, wanda aka fi sani da Symbian^1, farkon maimaita dandamali tun lokacin da aka kirkiro Gidauniyar Symbian. A watan Nuwambashekara ta  2008 Nokia ta sanar da cewa za ta kawo karshen sayar da wayoyin hannu a Japan saboda karancin kasuwa. Kasuwar wayar salula ta Nokia ta kai kololuwa a shekarar 2008 da kashi 38.6. A wannan shekarar, Nokia ta sanar da siyan Trolltech da haɓaka software ta Qt. Qt ya kasance babban ɓangaren dabarun Nokia har zuwa shekara ta 2011, kuma a ƙarshe an sayar da shi a cikin shekara ta 2012.

Nokia a takaice ta koma kasuwar kwamfuta tare da ɗan littafin netbook 3G a watan Agusta shekara ta 2009.

=== 2010–2014 ===
[[File:As_Time_Goes_By_(Nokia_9000_Communicator_&amp;_E7).jpg|thumb| Mai Sadarwa na Nokia 9000 (1996) kusa da Nokia E7 Sadarwa (2011)]]
[[File:Nokia_&amp;_Microsoft_Lumia_devices.png|thumb| Nokia da Microsoft Lumia na'urorin.]]
[[File:Ristoonstage.jpg|left|thumb| Risto Siilasmaa, shugaban Nokia daga 2012 zuwa 2020.]]
[[File:Bürogebäude_früheres_Nokia-Werk_Bochum-Riemke_(2009).jpg|thumb| Tsohon kamfanin Nokia a Bochum, Jamus]]
[[File:Nokia_(8111386420).jpg|thumb| Alamar talla ta Nokia a Dublin, Ireland]]A ƙarshen shekara ta  2009 zuwa  2010, an gabatar da Xseries da ke mai da hankali kan kiɗa da Cseries mai mai da hankali. A watan Afrilu shekara ta  2010 Nokia ta gabatar da na’urar tafi da gidanka ta gaba, Nokia N8, wacce za ta kasance ta farko da za ta fara aiki a kan Symbian^3. Sai dai an yi jinkiri tsawon watanni da dama wanda hakan ya bata sunan kamfanin, musamman bayan gazawar tutar da ta yi a baya N97 da gasa mai tsauri daga Apple da kamfanin Google mai tasowa. A ranar 10 ga watan Satumba shekara ta 2010, an kori Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo a matsayin Shugaba kuma an sanar da cewa Stephen Elop daga Microsoft zai dauki matsayin Babban Daraktan Nokia, inda ya zama darakta na farko da ba Finnish ba a tarihin Nokia. An yi iƙirarin cewa masu saka hannun jari sun matsa wa hukumar Nokia lamba don ɗaukar wani baƙo don girgiza gudanarwa kuma ya rabu da al'adar &quot;Nokia hanya&quot;. Ollila ya kuma sanar da cewa zai yi murabus daga shugabancin Nokia kafin shekarar 2012. A ranar 11 ga watan Maris shekara ta 2011, Nokia ta sanar da cewa ta biya Elop dala miliyan shida na sanya hannu a matsayin &quot;diyyar asarar kudin shiga daga tsohon ma'aikacin sa&quot;, a kan dala miliyan 1.4 na shekara albashi.

Tsohon Symbian OS ya zama tushen budewa gaba daya a watan Fabrairu 2010. Sai dai, a watan Nuwamban 2010 an sanar da cewa Symbian Foundation na rufe kuma Nokia za ta sake karbe ikon tsarin aikin Symbian a karkashin lasisin rufewa. Zuwa yanzu Nokia ita ce kawai kamfanin da ya rage ta amfani da dandamali, tare da mai jigilar NTT DoCoMo a Japan, bayan duka Samsung da Sony Ericsson sun koma Android. A halin da ake ciki, a cikin 2010, don burin Nokia na Linux, Nokia ta haɗu tare da Intel don ƙirƙirar aikin MeeGo, bayan haɗuwar Maemo na Nokia da Moblin na Intel.

Dandalin Symbian na Nokia wanda ya kasance babban dandamali na wayoyin hannu a Turai da [[Asiya]] tsawon shekaru da yawa yana saurin tsufa kuma yana da wahala ga masu haɓakawa bayan bayyanar iOS da Android. Don magance wannan, Nokia ta shirya yin tsarin aikin su na MeeGo Linux, a ƙarƙashin ci gaba, ƙirar kamfanin akan wayoyin komai da ruwanka. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan fara aikin Shugaba na Elop, hukumar Nokia ta kore shi ikon canza dabarun wayoyin hannu na kamfanin, gami da canza tsarin aiki. Tsohon soja Anssi Vanjoki, shugaban sashen wayoyin salula, ya bar kamfanin a wannan lokacin. Fitowar sa ta ƙarshe shine a Nokia World 2010 lokacin da aka gabatar da Nokia E7 da wasu na'urorin Symbian^3.

A ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2011, Nokia ta ba da sanarwar &quot;haɗin gwiwa mai mahimmanci&quot; tare da Microsoft, wanda a ƙarƙashinsa zai karɓi Windows Phone 7 a matsayin babban tsarin aikin sa akan wayoyin komai da ruwanka, tare da haɗa ayyukansa da dandamali tare da nasa, gami da Bing azaman injin bincike, da haɗawa. Bayanan Maps na Nokia cikin Taswirorin Bing. Elop ya bayyana cewa Nokia ta zabi kada ta yi amfani da Android saboda a bayyane yake cewa ba zai iya &quot;bambance&quot; abubuwan da ake bayarwa ba, tare da masu sukar sun kuma lura cewa alakar sa ta baya da Microsoft na iya yin tasiri ga shawarar. Kodayake MeeGo &quot;Harmattan&quot; -bn N9 an sadu da kyakkyawar tarba a cikin 2011, Nokia ta riga ta yanke shawarar kawo ƙarshen ci gaba akan MeeGo kuma kawai ta mai da hankali kan haɗin gwiwar Microsoft, kodayake Shugaba ya ce &quot;sabbin abubuwa&quot; na N9 za su ci gaba makomar, wacce a ƙarshe ta hau kan dandalin Asha a shekarar 2013. Bayan sanarwar haɗin gwiwar Microsoft, kasuwar kasuwar Nokia ta lalace; wannan ya faru ne saboda buƙatar faduwar Symbian lokacin da masu amfani suka fahimci hankalin Nokia da kulawa zai kasance a wani wuri.

Kamfanin ya sanya babban asara a cikin kwata na biyu na shekarar 2011 - kawai asarar su ta biyu a cikin shekaru 19. Wayar Nokia ta farko ta Wayar Windows ita ce Lumia 800, wacce ta iso a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2011. Faduwar tallace -tallace a shekarar 2011, wanda ba a inganta shi sosai tare da layin Lumia a 2012, ya haifar da manyan asara a jere. Zuwa tsakiyar shekarar 2012, farashin hannayen jarin kamfanin ya fadi kasa da $ 2. Shugaba Elop ya ba da sanarwar rage farashin farashi a watan Yuni ta hanyar zubar da ma’aikata 10,000 zuwa karshen shekara da kuma rufe masana'antar kera Salo. Firayim Ministan na Finland ya kuma ba da sanarwar cewa gwamnati ba za ta ceci kamfanin daga asusun jihar na gaggawa ba. A kusa da wannan lokacin Nokia ta fara sabon aikin da aka yiwa lakabi da &quot;Meltemi&quot;, dandamali ga wayoyin komai da ruwanka. Tare da kawancen Microsoft kuma a ƙarƙashin kulawar Elop, Nokia kuma ta sake mai da hankali kan kasuwar Arewacin Amurka inda wayoyin Nokia suke, sabanin sauran ƙasashen duniya, kusan ba su da mahimmanci na shekaru da yawa. Wannan dabarar ta fara ne a cikin watan Janairu ta shekarar 2012, tare da gabatar da wayar Nokia Lumia 900 tare da haɗin gwiwar kamfanin AT&amp;T na Amurka.

A watan Maris na shekarar 2011, Nokia ta bullo da wani sabon nau'in kamfani mai suna &quot;Pure&quot;. A ranar 1 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2011, Nokia ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta yi amfani da sabon tsarin lambar lambobi uku don samfuran wayar hannu kuma ta daina amfani da haruffa, ta yadda za a kawo ƙarshen Nseries, Eseries, da Cseries na ɗan gajeren lokaci. A wannan ranar aka gabatar da Nokia 500 tare da sabon tsarin. Nokia ta yi amfani da sunaye masu lamba uku a wayoyin analog a shekarun 1990.

Lokacin da aka sanar da Lumia 920 a watan Satumbar shekarar 2012, 'yan jaridu sun gan ta a matsayin babbar babbar Windows Phone wacce za ta iya ƙalubalanci abokan hamayya saboda tsarinta na ci gaba. Elop ya ce kyakkyawan martanin da aka yi masa ya haifar da bege da kyakkyawan fata a kamfanin. Kamfanin yana kuma samun nasarori a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa tare da jerin Asha, waɗanda ke siyarwa da ƙarfi. Kodayake tallace -tallace da wayoyin salula na Nokia sun karu sosai a cikin shekarar 2013, gami da a kasuwar Arewacin Amurka, har yanzu bai isa ba don gujewa asarar kuɗi. Ollila ta sauka daga kujerarta a ranar 4 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2012, kuma Risto Siilasmaa ya maye gurbin ta

A watan Satumba na shekarar 2013 Nokia ta sanar da sayar da sashen wayar salula da na’urorinta ga Microsoft. Sayarwar tana da kyau ga Nokia don gujewa ƙarin adadi na kuɗi mara kyau, kazalika ga Babban Manajan Microsoft Steve Ballmer, wanda ke son Microsoft ta samar da ƙarin kayan masarufi kuma ta mayar da ita zuwa kamfanin na'urori da sabis. Shugaban Nokia, Risto Siilasmaa, ya bayyana yarjejeniyar a matsayin mai hankali (a cikin fa'idar masu hannun jarin Nokia), amma mai wahalar gaske - masana sun yarda cewa Nokia za ta kasance cikin rikicin kuɗi idan ba ta sayar da rabon ga Microsoft ba. Manazarta sun yi imanin cewa Ballmer ya matsa don siyan saboda tsoron cewa Nokia tana gab da ɗaukar Android kuma ta yi watsi da ƙawancen su da Microsoft. Tabbas, a cikin Janairu 2014 an gabatar da Nokia X wanda ke gudana akan sigar Android ta musamman. Abin mamaki ne da ɗan ban mamaki wanda ke zuwa makonni kaɗan kacal daga ƙarshen siyan Microsoft. Wasu, ciki har da magajin Ballmer Satya Nadella, suna jin cewa Microsoft na tunanin haɗe ƙungiyoyin software ɗin su da injiniyan kayan masarufi na Nokia da zai “hanzarta” haɓaka Windows Phone. An kammala siyarwar a watan Afrilun 2014, inda Microsoft Mobile ta zama magajin sashen na'urorin wayoyin Nokia. Nokia kuma ta tashi daga hedkwatarsa ​​zuwa wani katafaren gini da ke Karaportti. A lokacin, Ballmer da kansa yana yin ritaya a matsayin Shugaba na Microsoft kuma Satya Nadella ya maye gurbinsa, wanda ya yi adawa da siyan wayoyin salula na Nokia, tare da shugaban [[Bill gate|Bill Gates]]. Microsoft ya rubuta kadarorin da aka saya daga Nokia a shekarar 2015.

A shekara ta 2014, darajar tambarin Nokia a duniya bisa ga Interbrand ya faɗi zuwa matsayi na 98, raguwa mai kaifi daga wuri na 5 da yake a shekarar 2009. Faduwar Nokia a kasuwar wayar tafi -da -gidanka ya sami bayanai daban -daban daga manazarta, tare da rarrabuwar kawuna game da shawarar Shugaba na yin watsi da shi. tsarin aiki na cikin gida da kuma yin amfani da Windows Phone a shekarar 2011. Masu bincike da yawa sun yanke shawarar cewa Nokia ta sha wahala daga zurfafa gwagwarmaya a cikin gudanarwa. Tsoffin ma’aikatan sun yi iƙirarin cewa gudanarwar ta yi kumbura ta hanyar nasarar farko da suka zama masu gamsuwa da lokaci. Wasu daga ƙungiyar masu tasowa ta Symbian sun yi iƙirarin cewa babban jami'in kamfanin ya ƙi ɗaruruwan sabbin abubuwa a cikin shekarun 2000, da suka gabatar, gami da sake rubuta lambar Symbian gaba ɗaya. Wani tsohon ma'aikacin Nokia ya yi ikirarin cewa ana gudanar da kamfanin ne a matsayin &quot;tsarin mulki irin na Soviet&quot;.

A watan Yulin shekarar 2013, Nokia ta sayi hannun jarin Siemens a cikin haɗin gwiwar Nokia Siemens Networks na dala biliyan 2.2, ta mai da shi wani kamfani mallakinsa gaba ɗaya wanda ake kira Nokia Solutions and Networks, har sai da aka sake masa suna zuwa Nokia Networks ba da daɗewa ba. A lokacin fafutukar neman kuɗaɗen kuɗi na Nokia, sashen sadarwar sa mai riba tare da Siemens ya ba da kuɗin shiga da yawa; don haka, sayan ya tabbatar da inganci, musamman bayan siyar da na’urorin wayar salularsa.

=== 2014–2016 ===
Bayan siyar da sashin na'urorin wayar hannu, Nokia ta mai da hankali kan kayan aikin hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar Nokia Networks.

A watan Oktoba na shekarar 2014, Nokia da China Mobile sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsarin dala miliyan 970 don isar da kayayyaki tsakanin shekarar 2014 da 2015.

A ranar 17 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 2014, shugaban Kamfanin Fasaha na Nokia Ramzi Haidamus ya bayyana cewa kamfanin ya shirya sake shigar da kasuwancin kayan masarufi a matsayin mai kera ƙira na asali, yana ba da lasisin ƙirar kayan cikin gida da fasaha ga masana&lt;nowiki&gt;'antun na uku. Haidamus ya bayyana cewa alamar Nokia tana da '' mahimmanci '' amma '' yana raguwa da ƙima, kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci mu canza wannan yanayin cikin sauri, nan ba da jimawa ba ''. Kashegari, Nokia ta ƙaddamar da N1, kwamfutar hannu ta Android da Foxconn ta ƙera, a matsayin samfur na farko bayan siyarwar Microsoft. Haidamus ya jaddada cewa na'&lt;/nowiki&gt;urorin da aka fito da su a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yarjejeniyar lasisi za a riƙe su cikin manyan ƙimar ingancin samarwa, kuma za su &quot;yi kama da jin kamar Nokia ta gina ta&quot;. Shugaban kamfanin Nokia Rajeev Suri ya bayyana cewa kamfanin ya shirya sake shigar da kasuwancin wayar salula ta wannan hanyar a cikin shekarar 2016, bayan karewar sharuddan da ba ta gasa da Microsoft.

A cewar Robert Morlino, mai magana da yawun Nokia Technologies, Nokia ta shirya bin tsarin lasisin alama maimakon tallan na'urorin tafi-da-gidanka kai tsaye saboda siyar da sashin na'urorin wayar hannu ga Microsoft. Kamfanin ya ɗauki tsauraran matakai don farfado da kansa, a bayyane ta hanyar ɗaukar ƙwararrun software, gwajin sabbin samfura da neman abokan hulɗa. A ranar 14 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2015, Shugaba Rajeev Suri ya tabbatar da cewa kamfanin zai dawo kasuwar wayoyin hannu a cikin shekarar 2016.

A ranar 28 ga Yuli, 2015, Nokia ta sanar da OZO, kyamarar gaskiya ta 360-digiri, tare da firikwensin hoto na 2K guda takwas. Rarraba bayan samfurin, Nokia Technologies, ya yi iƙirarin cewa OZO zai kasance mafi ingantaccen dandamali na yin fim na VR. Sanarwar manema labarai ta Nokia ta bayyana cewa OZO zai kasance &quot;na farko a cikin shirin da aka tsara na hanyoyin watsa labarai na dijital,&quot; tare da tsammanin samfuran fasaha a nan gaba. An bayyana OZO cikakke a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba a Los Angeles. OZO, wanda aka ƙera don amfani da ƙwararru, an yi niyyar siyar da shi akan dalar Amurka 60,000; duk da haka, an rage farashinsa da $ 15,000 kafin a sake shi, kuma an jera shi akan gidan yanar gizon sa a matsayin $ 40,000.

A ranar 14 ga Afrilu 2015, Nokia ta tabbatar da cewa tana tattaunawa da kamfanin kayan aikin sadarwa na Faransa Alcatel-Lucent dangane da yiwuwar hadewa. Kashegari, Nokia ta ba da sanarwar cewa ta amince ta sayi Alcatel-Lucent akan € 15.6 biliyan a cikin yarjejeniyar hannun jari. Shugaba Rajeev Suri yana jin cewa siyan zai ba Nokia wata fa'ida mai mahimmanci a haɓaka fasahar mara waya ta 5G. Sayen ya haifar da gasa mai ƙarfi ga kamfanoni masu hamayya da Ericsson da Huawei, waɗanda Nokia da Alcatel-Lucent suka zarce ta jimlar kuɗin shiga a 2014. Masu hannun jarin Nokia suna riƙe da kashi 66.5% na sabon haɗin kamfani, yayin da masu hannun jarin Alcatel-Lucent ke riƙe da 33.5% . Ya kamata a kula da rukunin Bell Labs, amma Nokia za ta maye gurbin alamar Alcatel-Lucent. A watan Oktoban shekarar 2015, bayan amincewar yarjejeniyar da ma'aikatar kasuwanci ta kasar Sin ta yi, hadakar tana jiran amincewar hukumomin Faransa. Duk da niyyar farko ta siyar da rukunin kebul na jirgin ruwa daban daban, daga baya Alcatel-Lucent ya bayyana cewa ba zai yi ba. An rufe hadewar a ranar 14 ga watan Janairun 2016, amma bai cika ba sai ranar 3 ga Nuwamba 2016. Daga saye, yanzu Nokia kuma ita ce mai mallakar alamar wayar hannu ta Alcatel, wacce ke ci gaba da samun lasisin kamfanin TCL.

A ranar 3 ga Agusta 2015, Nokia ta sanar da cewa ta cimma yarjejeniya don sayar da sashen taswirar dijital na nan ga ƙungiyar BMW, Daimler AG da Volkswagen Group akan € 2.8 biliyan. An rufe yarjejeniyar a ranar 3 ga Disamba 2015.[[File:NokiaBuilding4.jpg|thumb| Ginin ofishin Nokia a Markham, Ontario, Kanada a cikin 2016-asalin ofishin Alcatel-Lucent]]
[[File:Nokia_Flexi_Zone_Micro_BTS_FWEA_spec_tag_20150811.jpg|thumb| Tashar watsa labarai ta tushe ta Flexi Zone (2015)]]

=== 2016–2019 ===
A ranar 26 ga Afrilu 2016, Nokia ta sanar da aniyarta ta sayen kamfanin kera na’urar lafiya na Faransa mai suna Andings kan dalar Amurka miliyan 191. An haɗa kamfanin zuwa sabon sashin Lafiya na Dijital na Fasahar Nokia. Daga baya Nokia ta kashe kuɗin siyan kuma a watan Mayu 2018 an sake sayar da sashin lafiya ga Éric Carreel, wanda ya kafa kamfanin Withings kuma tsohon Shugaba.

A ranar 18 ga Mayu 2016, Microsoft Mobile ta sayar da kasuwancin wayar ta Nokia mai alama ga HMD Global, sabon kamfani wanda tsohon babban jami'in Nokia Jean-Francois Baril ya kafa, da wata masana'anta mai alaƙa a Vietnam ga kamfanin FoxHn na FIH Mobile. Daga baya Nokia ta shiga yarjejeniyar lasisin na dogon lokaci don sanya HMD keɓaɓɓen kera wayoyin Nokia da allunan da aka yi wa alama a wajen Japan, suna aiki tare da Foxconn. Yarjejeniyar ta kuma ba HMD haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka da software na wayoyin hannu. Daga baya HMD ta sanar da wayar Nokia 6 mai tushen Android a cikin Janairu 2017. A Mobile World Congress, HMD ya kuma ƙaddamar da wayoyin salula na Nokia 3 da Nokia 5, da kuma sake tunanin ƙirar wayar Nokia mai lamba 3310. Duk da cewa Nokia ba ta da saka hannun jari a kamfanin, suna da wasu bayanai a cikin sabbin na'urorin.

A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2016 Nokia ta nuna a karon farko cibiyar sadarwa mai shirye-shiryen 5G. A watan Fabrairun 2017 Nokia ta aiwatar da haɗin 5G a [[Oulu]], Finland ta amfani da ma'aunin 5GTF, wanda Verizon ke goyan baya, akan kayan aikin gine-gine na Intel.

A watan Yuli na 2017, Nokia da Xiaomi sun ba da sanarwar cewa sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwar kasuwanci da yarjejeniyar patent na shekaru da yawa, gami da lasisin ƙetare ga kowane kamfani mai daidaitattun lamuran salula. A waccan shekarar, darajar alama ta Nokia ta kasance ta 188th ta Brand Finance, tsallake wurare 147 daga 2016. An danganta hauhawar ta ga fayil ɗin lafiya da sabbin wayoyin hannu da HMD Global suka haɓaka.

A cikin Janairu 2018, Nokia ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tare da NTT Docomo, babban kamfanin wayar hannu na Japan, don samar da tashoshin rediyo mara waya na 5G a cikin kasar nan da 2020. Daga baya a wannan watan, Nokia ta sanar da layin ReefShark na chipsets 5G, tana mai cewa tana ninka bandwidth zuwa 84 Gbit/s. A watan Maris, Solidium, hannun jarin gwamnatin Finland, ya sayi hannun jarin 3.3% a Nokia wanda darajarsa ta kai million 844 miliyan. A watan Mayu, Nokia ta ba da sanarwar cewa ta sami kamfanin IoT na California, SpaceTime Insight.[[File:Nokia_6_12.jpg|thumb| 2017 Nokia 6]]A watan Janairun 2019, gwamnatin Kanada ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta ba da dala miliyan 40 don tallafawa binciken Nokia kan fasahar 5G. Wani bincike na 2019 ya nuna cewa wayoyin Nokia sun yi aiki mafi kyau fiye da abokan hamayyar Samsung, LG, Xiaomi, da Huawei wajen sabuntawa zuwa sabon sigar Android. Binciken, wanda Counterpoint Research ya yi, ya gano cewa kashi 96 na wayoyin Nokia ko dai an aika su ko an sabunta su zuwa sabuwar sigar Android tun lokacin da aka saki Pie a cikin 2018. An gano masu fafatawa da Nokia kusan kusan kashi 80 cikin ɗari.

=== 2020 - yanzu ===
A ranar 2 ga Maris, 2020, Nokia ta sanar da Pekka Lundmark a matsayin sabon Shugaba. Daga baya a wannan watan, Nokia ta kammala siyan Elenion Technologies, wani kamfani da ke Amurka wanda ke mai da hankali kan fasahar silikon photonics don haɓaka tattalin arziƙin samfuran haɗin haɗin kai.

A ranar 27 ga Mayu, 2020, Sari Baldauf ya gaji Risto Siilasmaa a matsayin shugabar kwamitin gudanarwa, kuma an nada Kari Stadigh a matsayin mataimakiyar kujera. A watan Yuni, Nokia ta lashe kwangilar 5G mai kimanin dala miliyan 450 daga Taiwan Mobile don gina cibiyar sadarwa ta gaba mai aiki na telecom a matsayin mai siyarwa kawai. A watan Oktoba, Nokia ta sanar da kwangila tare da NASA don gina hanyar sadarwar wayar hannu ta 4G don amfani da 'yan sama jannati a duniyar wata. Kwangilar dala miliyan 14.1 ta hannun kamfanin Bell Labs ne, kuma ana sa ran fara shirin a 2022.

A cikin 2020, Flipkart ya haɗu tare da Nokia don tallata samfuran masu amfani da Nokia a [[Indiya]]. Waɗannan sun haɗa da talabijin, kwamfutar tafi -da -gidanka da na’urar sanyaya daki.

== Ayyuka na yanzu ==
Nokia julkinen osakeyhtiö (kamfanin haɗin gwiwa na jama'a) da aka jera akan Nasdaq Nordic/Helsinki da New York. Nokia ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattalin arzikin Finland, kuma babban ma'aikaci ne a cikin ƙasar, yana aiki tare da abokan haɗin gwiwa na gida da ƙananan kamfanoni. Nokia ta ba da gudummawar kashi 1.6% ga GDP na Finland kuma ya kai kusan kashi 16% na fitar da ƙasar a 2006.

Nokia ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci guda biyu tare da ƙarin rassa da kamfanoni masu alaƙa.

=== Nokia Networks ===
Nokia Networks shine babban kamfanin Nokia Corporation. Kamfanin sadarwar bayanai ne na ƙasashe da yawa da kamfanin kayan aikin sadarwa wanda ke da hedikwata a Espoo, Finland, kuma shine masana'antun kayan aikin sadarwa na uku mafi girma a duniya, wanda aka auna ta kudaden shiga na 2017 (bayan Huawei da Cisco). A cikin Amurka tana gasa tare da Ericsson akan gina cibiyoyin sadarwa na 5G don masu aiki, yayin da aka hana Huawei Technologies da ZTE Corporation yadda yakamata.

Tana da ayyuka a cikin kasashe kusan 150. 

Nokia Networks tana samar da hanyoyin sadarwa mara waya da madaidaiciya, hanyoyin sadarwa da dandamali na sabis da sabis na ƙwararru ga masu aiki da masu ba da sabis. Yana mai da hankali kan GSM, EDGE, 3G/W-CDMA, LTE da hanyoyin sadarwar rediyo na WiMAX, suna tallafawa manyan cibiyoyin sadarwa tare da haɓaka IP da damar aiki da ayyuka da yawa.

An ƙaddamar da asalin alamar Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN) a Babban Taron Duniya na 3GSM a Barcelona a watan Fabrairu na 2007 a matsayin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Nokia (50.1%) da Siemens (49.9%), duk da cewa yanzu mallakar Nokia ce gaba ɗaya. A watan Yulin 2013, Nokia ta sake dawo da duk hannun jarin da ke cikin Nokia Siemens Networks kan kudi dalar Amurka biliyan 2.21 sannan ta sake mata suna zuwa Nokia Solutions da Networks, jim kadan bayan haka ta canza zuwa Nokia Networks.[[File:Nokia_Networks_Munich_Office,_April_2017_-02.jpg|thumb| A cikin ofishin Nokia Networks a [[München|Munich]], Jamus]]

=== Fasahar Nokia ===
Fasahar Nokia wani bangare ne na Nokia wanda ke haɓaka samfuran masu amfani da fasahar lasisi gami da alamar Nokia. Abubuwan da suka fi mayar da hankali sune hoto, fahimta, haɗin mara waya, sarrafa wutar lantarki da kayan aiki, da sauran fannoni kamar shirin lasisin IP. Ya ƙunshi dakunan gwaje -gwaje guda uku: Labarin Tsarin Rediyo, a wuraren samun rediyo, haɗin gida mara waya da aiwatar da rediyo; Lab Technologies Lab, a cikin wuraren watsa labarai da hulɗa; da Sensor da Lab Technologies Lab, a cikin wuraren ingantattun hanyoyin gano hanyoyin, hanyoyin hulɗa, nanotechnologies da fasahar jimla. Fasahar Nokia kuma tana ba da gudummawar jama'a a cikin ci gaban ta ta Invent tare da shirin Nokia. An ƙirƙira shi a cikin 2014 bayan sake fasalin kamfanin Nokia.

A cikin Nuwamba 2014, Nokia Technologies ta ƙaddamar da samfurin ta na farko, kwamfutar kwamfutar hannu ta Nokia N1. A watan Yuli na 2015, Nokia Technologies ta gabatar da kyamarar VR mai suna OZO, wanda aka ƙera don ƙwararrun masu ƙirƙirar abun ciki kuma aka haɓaka su a Tampere, Finland. Tare da na'urori masu auna firikwensin rufewa guda 8 da makirufo 8, samfurin zai iya kama bidiyon 3D na stereoscopic da sauti na sararin samaniya.

A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2016, Ramzi Haidamus ya sanar da cewa zai sauka daga mukaminsa na shugaban kamfanin Nokia Technologies. Brad Rodrigues, tsohon shugaban dabaru da bunƙasa kasuwanci, ya ɗauki matsayin shugaban rikon kwarya. A ranar 30 ga Yuni 2017, Gregory Lee, tsohon Shugaba na Samsung Electronics a Arewacin Amurka, an nada shi Shugaban Kamfanin Fasaha na Nokia da Shugaba.[[File:NSN-tampere.jpg|thumb|180x180px| Ginin ofishin Nokia a Tampere, Finland.]]

=== Labarin Bell na Nokia ===
 Nokia Bell Labs kamfani ne na bincike da ci gaban kimiyya wanda ya taɓa zama hannun R&amp;D na Tsarin Bell na Amurka. Ya zama wani kamfani na Nokia Corporation bayan kwace Alcatel-Lucent a cikin 2016.

=== Farashin NGP ===
NGP Capital (tsohon Nokia Growth Partners) babban kamfani ne na kamfani na duniya, yana mai da hankali kan saka hannun jari a matakin haɓaka &quot;Intanet na abubuwa&quot; (IoT) da kamfanonin fasahar wayar hannu. NGP tana riƙe da saka hannun jari a ko'ina cikin Amurka, Turai, China da Indiya. Fayil ɗin su ya ƙunshi kamfanoni a cikin fasahar tafi -da -gidanka waɗanda suka haɗa da ɓangarorin Haɗin Kasuwanci, Kiwon Lafiya na Dijital, Mai amfani da IoT, da Haɗin Mota. Bayan tallafin dala miliyan 350 ga kamfanonin IoT a cikin 2016, NGP tana sarrafa kadarorin dala biliyan 1.

Nokia a baya ta inganta kirkire -kirkire ta hanyar tallafa wa kamfani tun daga 1998 tare da Nokia Venture Partners, wanda aka sake masa suna BlueRun Ventures kuma aka sake shi a 2005. Nokia Growth Partners (NGP) an kafa shi ne a 2005 a matsayin asusu na kamfani na ci gaba a matsayin ci gaban farkon nasarorin Nokia Venture Partners. A cikin 2017, an canza sunan kamfanin zuwa NGP Capital.

Manyan fitowar NGP sun haɗa da GanJi, UCWeb, Whistle, Rocket Fuel, Swype, Summit Microelectronics da Netmagic.

=== Networks na Nuage ===
Nuage Networks kamfani ne wanda ke ba da hanyoyin sadarwar da aka ayyana ta software. Alcatel-Lucent ne ya kafa shi a cikin 2013 don haɓaka rufin software don sarrafa kansa da tsara girgije. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na Nokia biyo bayan siyan Alcatel-Lucent a cikin 2016. A cikin 2017 Nuage ya kulla yarjejeniya tare da Vodafone da Telefonica don samar da gine-ginen SD-WAN ga sabobin su. BT ya riga ya kasance abokin ciniki tun daga 2016. Yarjejeniyar da China Mobile a cikin Janairu 2017 kuma ta yi amfani da fasahar sadarwar da aka ayyana ta Nuage don sabobin girgije na jama'a 2,000 a cibiyoyin bayanan data kasance a China, kuma wani a watan Oktoba 2017 tare da Kamfanin Inshorar China Pacific.

Kamfanin yana tushen Mountain View, California kuma Shugaba shine Sunil Khandekar.

=== Alcatel Mobile ===
Alcatel Mobile alama ce ta wayar hannu mallakar Nokia tun 2016. An ba shi lasisi tun 2005 ga kamfanin TCL na China lokacin yana ƙarƙashin ikon Alcatel (daga baya Alcatel-Lucent) a cikin kwangilar har zuwa 2024.

=== HMD Global ===
HMD Global kamfani ne na wayar tafi da gidanka da ke Espoo, Finland. Alamar Nokia ta sami lasisin tsoffin ma’aikatan Nokia waɗanda suka kafa HMD Global kuma suka gabatar da na’urorin da ke da alamar Nokia a kasuwa a cikin 2017. Nokia ba ta da saka hannun jari a kamfanin amma tana riƙe da wasu bayanai a ci gaban na'urorin ta.

=== Alcatel Submarine Networks ===
Alcatel Submarine Networks (ASN) shine mai ba da mafita na hanyoyin sadarwa na ƙarƙashin teku. Ƙungiyar kasuwanci tana haɓaka fasaha kuma tana ba da sabis na shigarwa don hanyoyin haɗin kebul na jirgin ruwa na ruwa a cikin tekuna na duniya.

== Harkokin kamfanoni ==

=== Gudanar da kamfanoni ===
An raba iko da gudanar da Nokia tsakanin masu hannun jari a wani babban taro da Kungiyar Shugabancin Rukunan Nokia (hagu), karkashin jagorancin kwamitin gudanarwa (dama). Shugaban hukumar da sauran membobin Kungiyar Jagorancin Nokia ne hukumar gudanarwa ta nada. Shugaban Kungiyar Shugabancin Nokia ne kaɗai zai iya zama membobin kwamitin daraktoci da ƙungiyar Jagorancin Nokia Group. Kwamitocin Kwamitin Daraktoci sun ƙunshi Kwamitin Bincike, Kwamitin Ma'aikata, da Kwamitin Gudanarwa da Nomination.

Ana gudanar da ayyukan kamfanin a cikin tsarin da Dokar Kamfanonin Finnish, Labarin Ƙungiyar Nokia, da Ka'idodin Gudanar da Kamfanoni, waɗanda kwamitin riƙo na rikon kwarya suka ƙara. A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 2019, Nokia ta sanar da cewa za ta daina aikin Babban Jami'in Aiki (COO) tare da rarraba ayyukanta ga sauran shugabannin kamfanin. A sakamakon haka, Babban Jami'in Ayyuka Joerg Erlemeier ya yanke shawarar sauka, daga ranar 1 ga Janairu 2020.

==== Tsoffin jami'an kamfanoni ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Manyan jami'an gudanarwa
!
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Shugabannin kwamitin gudanarwa 
|-
! ''Suna''
! ''Lokaci''
!
! ''Suna''
! ''Lokaci''
|-
| Björn Westerlund
| 1967-1977
|
| Lauri J. Kivekäs
| 1967-1977
|-
| Kari Kairamo
| 1977-1988
|
| Björn Westerlund
| 1977–1979 
|-
|
|
|
| Mika Tiivola
| 1979-1986 
|-
|
|
|
| Kari Kairamo
| 1986-1988
|-
| Simo Vuorilehto
| 1988-1992
|
| Simo Vuorilehto
| 1988-1990 
|-
|
|
|
| Mika Tiivola
| 1990-1992
|-
| Jorma Ollila
| 1992-2006
|
| Casimir Ehrnrooth
| 1992-1999
|-
| Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo
| 2006–2010
|
| Jorma Ollila
| 1999–2012
|-
| Stephen Elop
| 2010–2014 
|
|
|
|-
| Rajeev Suuri
| 2014–2020
|
| Risto Siilasmaa
| 2012–2020
|-
| Pekka Lundmark
| Aug 2020
|
| Sari Baldauf
| 2020 - yanzu
|}

=== Hannun jari ===
Nokia kamfani ne mai iyakance na jama'a kuma shine mafi tsufa kamfanin da aka jera a ƙarƙashin wannan suna akan Helsinki Stock Exchange, wanda aka fara a 1915. Nokia tana da jeri na biyu a Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta New York tun 1994. An cire hannun jarin Nokia daga hannun jari na [[Landan|London]] Musanya a 2003, Kasuwar Paris a 2004, Stockholm Stock Exchange a 2007 da Frankfurt Stock Exchange a 2012. Saboda samun Alcatel-Lucent a 2015, Nokia ta sake lissafa hannun jarinsa a Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta Paris kuma an haɗa shi a cikin alamar CAC 40 a ranar 6 ga Janairu 2016 amma daga baya aka cire ta a ranar 18 ga Satumba 2017.

A 2007, Nokia tana da babban darajar kasuwa na billion 110 biliyan; zuwa 17 Yuli 2012 wannan ya faɗi zuwa € 6.28 biliyan, kuma zuwa 23 ga Fabrairu 2015, ya ƙaru zuwa billion 26.07 biliyan. Kasuwancin Nokia a shekarar 2020 ya kai biliyan 21.76.

=== Al'adar kamfanoni ===
Bayanin al'adun kamfani na hukuma na Nokia tun daga shekarun 1990 ana kiranta The Nokia Way. Yana nanata saurin da sassaucin yanke shawara a cikin ɗakin kwana, ƙungiyar yanar gizo.

Harshen kasuwancin hukuma na Nokia shine Turanci. An rubuta duk takaddun a cikin Ingilishi, kuma ana amfani da shi a cikin sadarwar intra-company na hukuma.

A cikin 1992, Nokia ta karɓi ƙimar da aka ayyana tare da mahimman kalmomin girmamawa, nasara, sabuntawa da ƙalubale. A watan Mayu 2007, kamfanin ya sake fasalta ƙimarsa bayan ya fara jerin tattaunawa a duk rassansa na duniya game da abin da sabbin ƙimar kamfanin ya kamata su kasance. Dangane da shawarwarin ma'aikaci, an ayyana sabbin dabi'un kamar: Shiga Kai, Cimma Tare, Sha'awar Innovation da Dan Adam. A watan Agustan 2014, Nokia ta sake fasalta darajarta bayan sayar da kasuwancin Na'urorin ta, ta sake amfani da ƙimar 1992 na asali.

=== Hedikwatar ===
Nokia tana tushen a Karaportti a Espoo, Finland, kusa da babban birnin Helsinki. Ya kasance babban ofishin su tun daga shekarar 2014 bayan ƙaura daga gidan Nokia da aka gina a cikin Espoo a matsayin wani ɓangare na siyar da kasuwancin wayar hannu ga Microsoft. Ginin a Karaportti a baya shine hedikwatar NSN (yanzu Nokia Networks).[[File:Nokian_pääkonttori_Keilaniemessä.jpg|thumb| Tsohon gidan Nokia, babban ofishin Nokia har zuwa Afrilu 2014. Ginin yana gabar Tekun Finland a Keilaniemi, Espoo, kuma an gina shi tsakanin 1995 da 1997. Wurin aiki ne na ma'aikatan Nokia sama da 1,000. ]]

== Kyaututtuka da karramawa ==
A cikin shekarar 2018, Nokia ta sami lambar yabo ta Jagorancin Lights don mafi kyawun samfurin kebul/samfurin bidiyo kuma an sanya shi cikin jerin kamfanonin kamfanonin da'a na duniya na 2018 na Ethisphere.

== Tarihin Logo ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Nokian logo (1865).svg|''Alamar Nokia Osakeyhtiö'', 1865. 
File:Nokia logo 1965.svg|''Alamar Nokia Osakeyhtiö'', 1965. 
File:Suomen Kumitehtaan logo (1965).svg|Alamar Rubber Finnish ( ''[[Suomen Kumitehdas]]'' ), 1965–1986.
File:Nokia nuolilogo.svg|Alamar Nokia 'Arrows', bayan haɗewa da Kamfanin ''[[Kaapelitehdas|Kebul]]'' (Kaapelitehdas) da Ayyukan Rubber na Finnish (1966-1992). Ana amfani dashi a cikin talla da samfura har zuwa c. 1997.
File:Nokia Connecting People.svg|Nokia ta gabatar da [[Advertising slogan|taken tallan]] ''ta &quot;Haɗa Mutane&quot;'' a 1992, wanda Ove Strandberg ya ƙirƙira.  
File:Nokia - 2005 logo.svg|An fara gabatar da sabon taken taken (Nokia Sans font) a 2005. Nokia Sans Nokia tayi amfani da ita a cikin samfura tun 2002. 
File:Nokia wordmark.svg|Bold version da aka gabatar a 2007. Kamfanin ya daina amfani da taken da tambarin sa a shekarar 2011.
File:Nokia typefaces.png|Tarihin nau'in kamfanin Nokia
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Jayayya ==

=== NSN ta samar da damar kutse ga Iran ===
A shekarar 2008, Nokia Siemens Networks, hadin gwiwa tsakanin Nokia da Siemens AG, an ba da rahoton cewa sun bai wa kamfanin sadarwa na kasar Iran fasahar da ta ba ta damar katse hanyoyin sadarwar Intanet na 'yan kasarta. An ba da rahoton cewa fasahar ta ba Iran damar amfani da binciken fakiti mai zurfi don karantawa da canza abun cikin imel, kafofin watsa labarun, da kiran wayar kan layi. Fasahar &quot;tana ba wa hukumomi damar toshe sadarwa ba kawai ba amma don sa ido don tattara bayanai game da daidaikun mutane, tare da canza shi don dalilai na ɓarna&quot;.

A lokacin zanga-zangar bayan zabe a Iran a watan Yunin shekarar 2009, an ba da rahoton cewa, shiga Intanet ta Iran ya ragu zuwa kasa da goma na saurin sa na yau da kullun, wanda kwararru ke zargin ya faru ne saboda amfani da binciken fakiti mai zurfi.

A watan Yulin shekarar 2009, Nokia ta fara fuskantar kauracewa kayayyakinsu da aiyukansu a Iran. Kauracewar ta kasance ta masu amfani da tausayawa motsin zanga-zangar bayan zaɓen da kuma farmakin kamfanonin da ake ganin suna haɗin gwiwa da gwamnatin. Buƙatar wayar hannu ta faɗi kuma masu amfani sun fara guje wa saƙon SMS.

Nokia Siemens Networks ta ba da sanarwar a cikin wata sanarwar manema labarai cewa ta ba wa Iran kawai &quot;damar kutse na halal kawai don sa ido kan kiran murya na gida&quot; kuma &quot;ba ta ba da cikakken fakiti fakiti, takunkumin yanar gizo, ko damar tace Intanet ga Iran&quot;.

=== Lex Nokia ===
A cikin shekarar 2009, Nokia ta goyi bayan wata doka a Finland wanda ke ba kamfanoni damar sanya ido kan sadarwar ma'aikatan su a yayin da ake zargin bayanai sun ɓace. Nokia ta musanta jita -jitar cewa kamfanin ya yi tunanin cire babban ofishinta daga Finland idan ba a canza dokokin sa ido na lantarki ba. Kafafen yada labarai na kasar Finland sun yi wa dokar lakabi da Lex Nokia saboda an aiwatar da ita ne sakamakon matsin lambar Nokia.

An kafa dokar, amma tare da tsauraran sharudda don aiwatar da tanade -tanaden ta. Babu wani kamfani da ya yi amfani da tanadinsa kafin 25 ga Fabrairu 2013, lokacin da Ofishin Ombudsman na Kariyar Bayanai ya tabbatar da cewa kwanan nan birnin Hämeenlinna ya ba da sanarwar da ake buƙata.

=== Rikicin patent na Nokia -Apple ===
A watan Oktoban shekarar 2009, Nokia ta shigar da karar Apple Inc. a Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Delaware inda ta yi ikirarin cewa Apple ya keta hakkokinsa guda 10 da suka shafi sadarwa mara waya ciki har da canja wurin bayanai. Apple ya yi saurin mayar da martani tare da shigar da ƙara a cikin watan Disamban shekarar 2009, yana zargin Nokia da keta haƙƙin mallaka 11. Babban mashawarcin kamfanin Apple, Bruce Sewell ya ci gaba da wani mataki inda ya ce, &quot;Dole ne sauran kamfanoni su yi gogayya da mu ta hanyar kirkirar fasahar su, ba kawai ta hanyar satar namu ba.&quot; Wannan ya haifar da takaddama ta doka tsakanin manyan kamfanonin sadarwa biyu tare da Nokia ta shigar da wata kara, a wannan karon tare da Hukumar Ciniki ta Amurka (ITC), tana zargin Apple da keta hakkin mallakarsa a &quot;kusan dukkan wayoyin hannu, 'yan wasan kiɗa da kwamfutoci&quot;. . Nokia ta ci gaba da rokon kotu da ta hana duk kayayyakin da Amurka ke shigowa da su daga Apple, ciki har da iPhone, Macintosh da iPod. Apple ya musanta ta hanyar shigar da ƙara tare da ITC a cikin watan Janairu shekarar 2010.

A watan Yunin  shekarar 2011, Apple ya zauna tare da Nokia kuma ya amince da kimantawa da biyan dala miliyan 600 da sarauta ga Nokia. Kamfanonin biyu sun kuma amince kan wasu lasisin lasisi na wasu fasahohin da suka mallaka.

=== Ana zargin kaucewa biyan haraji a Indiya ===
An tuhumi reshen Indiya na Nokia a cikin watan Janairu shekarar 2013, tare da rashin biyan harajin Indiya da aka Rage daga Tushen da keta ƙa'idodin farashin canja wuri a Indiya. TDS ɗin da ba a biya ba na billion 30 biliyan, wanda aka tara a cikin shekaru shida, ya kasance saboda sarautar da reshen Indiya ya biya wa kamfanin mahaifanta.

=== Sabunta bayanan Nokia 7 Plus ===
A watan Maris na shekarar 2019, labarai sun bayyana cewa ana zargin wayoyin Nokia 7 Plus na kamfanin suna aika bayanan masu amfani na sirri zuwa China sama da watanni da yawa. A cewar masu binciken, na'urar ta aika da fakitin bayanan da ba a rufa masu asiri ba ciki har da wurin yanki, lambar katin SIM, da lambar serial na wayar zuwa ga uwar garken kasar Sin da ba a san ko wane lokaci ba da “aka kunna wayar, allon ya kunna ko budewa.” Bayanai sun isa su bi motsi da ayyukan wayar a ainihin lokacin.

Mamallakin kamfanin Nokia HMD Global ya musanta cewa an yi irin wannan aika -aika, yana mai cewa maimakon hakan ya faru ne sakamakon kuskure a cikin tsarin shiryawa na software na wayar. Ofishin Ofishin Jakadancin Kariyar Bayanai na Finland ya kaddamar da bincike kan lamarin bisa zaton &quot;an canja bayanan sirri.&quot;

== Duba kuma ==
Nokia Networks

Nokia - wani gari a Pirkanmaa, Finland

Tarihin Nokia

Jolla - kamfanin da tsoffin ma'aikatan Nokia suka fara wanda ke haɓaka Linux Sailfish OS, ci gaba da Linux MeeGo OS

Twig Com - Asali Benefon, tsohon kamfanin kera wayar hannu ne wanda tsoffin mutanen Nokia suka fara, yanzu shine mai kera lafiyar mutum da samfuran bin diddigin GPS.

Microsoft Mobile - sake sunan sabuwar na'urar Nokia da Sabis na Sabis bayan Microsoft ta saya

HMD Global-ci gaban Microsoft na na'urorin Nokia na tushen Android

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Ƙungiyar Jebsen</title>
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[[File:Heinrich_Jessen_(1865–1931).jpg|right|thumb|212x212px| Heinrich Jessen (1865-1931)]]
'''Ƙungiyar Jebsen''' ( Chinese ), wadda aka kafa a shekara ta 1895, shine tallan tallace -tallace, saka hannun jari, da rarraba ƙungiyar. Yana Kuma da hedikwata a Hong Kong tare da ofisoshi a Mainland China, Macau da Taiwan. Ya ƙunshi layin kasuwanci guda shida: Abin sha, Mai Amfani, Masana'antu, Motoci, Kayan Aiki, da Babban Birnin Jebsen.

A halin yanzu Hans Michael Jebsen shine shugaban ƙungiyar, tare da Helmuth Henning a matsayin tsohon manajan daraktan ƙungiyar wanda Alfons Mensdorff-Pouilly ya gaje shi a matsayin Babban Darakta a watan Afrilun shekara ta 2020. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.jebsen.com/en/news/press-release/2020/jebsen-group-appoints-new-group-managing-director/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alamar ƙungiya ==
Alamar Ƙungiyar Jebsen, wacce aka kafa a shekarar kafuwar a shekara ta 1895, ta nuna, an kewaye ta da wani laurel wreath, mackerel guda uku a saman juna, tare da sama da ƙasa ɗaya ke jagorantar gefen hagu da tsakiya zuwa gefen dama. Alamar tana da alaƙa da garkuwar heraldic na garin waɗanda suka kafa shi a Aabenraa wanda ya kasance na Jamus a shekara ta 1895 amma an miƙa shi ga [[Denmark]] a shekara ta 1920. &lt;ref&gt;Laura Miller, Arne Cornelius Wasmuth FAN YI ZHENG YAN, Three Mackerels: The Story of the Jebsen and Jessen Family, Hongkongnow.com Ltd, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An kafa Jebsen &amp; Co. a Hong Kong a cikin watan Maris na shekara ta 1895 ta 'yan uwan aji na biyu Jacob Jebsen da Heinrich Jessen daga Aabenraa. Kamfanin ya fara ne a matsayin kamfanin jigilar kayayyaki mallakar mahaifin Jebsen wanda ke da manyan jiragen ruwa guda goma sha huɗu a bakin tekun China. Tare da fadada kewayon kasuwanci, a cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 1909 Jebsen &amp; Jessen [[Hamburg]] an kafa shi don dai-daita kasuwancin Turai. A watan Disambar shekara ta 1963 an kafa ƙungiyar Jebsen &amp; Jessen a matsayin Ƙungiyar laima don daidaita harkokin kasuwanci a Singapore da Malaysia.

Har zuwa yau kasuwancin kamfanin yana mai da hankali kan Gabashin Asiya tare da Jebsen &amp; Co. yana mai da hankali kan babban yankin China da Jebsen &amp; Jessen a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya.

=== Manyan duwatsu ===

* 1896: Jebsen ya zama memba na Babban Kasuwancin Hong Kong &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.chamber.org.hk/en/membership/profile_detail.aspx?profile_id=46 |access-date=2021-09-25 |archive-date=2021-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925181237/https://www.chamber.org.hk/en/membership/profile_detail.aspx?profile_id=46 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1897: Kamfani na farko a cikin masana'antar, ya sami hukumar BASF don shigo da launuka na indigo zuwa China
* 1898: Kafa Diederichsen, Jebsen &amp; Co., Jebsen na haɗin gwiwa na farko a China; kasuwancinsa ya haɗa da masana'antar bulo ta Qingdao
* 1906: Samun Blue Girl Beer
* 1941: Co-kafa Jacob Jebsen ya mutu a Aabenraa yana ɗan shekara 71. Babban ɗansa ya karɓi ragamar mulki kuma Heinz Jessen da Michael Jebsen sun sanya hannu kan sabuwar yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa a [[Shanghai]] a cikin Janairu 1944.
* 1953: Shigo da Volkswagen Beetle na Hong Kong na farko
* 1955: Shigo da Porsche na farko na yankin, wanda ke rufe rabon Porsche Car guda ɗaya a cikin Hong Kong da Macao tare da ƙarin dillalai guda bakwai a Mainland China. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.porsche.com/pap/_hong-kong_/aboutporsche/importers/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2021-09-25 |archive-date=2021-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925181232/https://www.porsche.com/pap/_hong-kong_/aboutporsche/importers/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1957: Halartar bikin baje kolin Canton
* 1970: Haɗin gwiwa tare da Siemens akan layi 10,000, tsarin wayar tarho na jama'a da ke sarrafa kwamfuta a Kasuwar Wayar Lai Chi Kok.
* 1973: Modern Terminals Limited a hukumance ya buɗe tashar jirgin ruwa ta farko ta Hong Kong a Kwai Chung
* 1978-79: Ofishin Sadarwa na farko ya buɗe a Beijing
* 1991: An kafa Jebsen Fine Wine a Hong Kong
* 2001: Shigo da Porsche na farko na Mainland China
* 2013: Mai siyar da salon rayuwa iri-iri mai yawa J SELECT ya ƙaddamar
* 2017: Sabuwar layin kasuwanci Jebsen Capital ta ƙaddamar

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category: Kungiyoyi]]</text>
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    <title>Takbir</title>
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[[File:Takbir.svg  |thumb| Takbir]] 
'''Takbir''' (تَكْبِير, laƙabi [tak.biːr], &quot;ɗaukaka [Allah]&quot;) shine jumlar larabci '''''ʾAllāhu ʾakbaru''''' (ٱللَّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ, furta [ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hu ʔak.baru], ma'ana &quot;Allah shine mafi girma&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;beydoun&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=The perils of saying 'Allahu Akbar' in public|author=Khaled Beydoun|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2018/08/25/the-perils-of-saying-allahu-akbar-in-public/|work=[[Washington Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;raleighmasjid.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=The Times of the Five Daily Prayers|url=http://www.raleighmasjid.org/how-to-pray/times.htm|access-date=23 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Magana ce ta [[Larabci]] gama-gari, wanda Musulmai da [[Larabawa]] suka yi amfani da shi a fannoni daban -daban: a cikin [[Sallah]] (addu’a),&lt;ref name=&quot;raleighmasjid.org&quot; /&gt; a cikin Adhan (kiran Musulunci zuwa sallah),&lt;ref name=&quot;Nigosian102&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Nigosian|first=S. A.|title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices|url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo|url-access=registration|year=2004|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|location=[[Indiana]]|isbn=0-253-21627-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/102 102]}}&lt;/ref&gt; azaman bayanin bangaskiya na yau da kullum, a lokutan wahala ko farin ciki, ko don bayyana ƙuduri ko ƙeta.

Kiristocin [[Larabawa]] ma suna amfani da jumlar.

== Tafsiri ==
Kalmar [[Larabci]] كَبِير (''kabīr'') tana nufin mai girma daga tushen Semitic k-b-r. Kalmar [[Larabci]] أَكْبَر (''ʾakbar'') ita ce sifar sifa (mafi girma) na sifar ''kabīr''. Lokacin amfani dashi a cikin ''Takbīr'' galibi ana fassara shi ''mafi girma'', amma wasu marubutan suna fassara shi mafi girma.&lt;ref&gt;E. W. Lane, ''[[Arabic English Lexicon]]'', 1893, gives for ''kabir'': &quot;greater, and greatest, in body, or corporeal substance, and in estimation or rank or dignity, and more, or most, advanced in age, older, and oldest&quot; [https://archive.org/stream/ArabicEnglishLexicon.CopiousEasternSources.EnlargedSuppl.Kamoos.Lane.Poole.1863/07.ArabicEnglLex.v1p7.let.21.22.23.24.Qaf.Kaf.Lam.Mim..Lane-Poole.1885.#page/n113/mode/2up (p. 2587)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007201240/https://archive.org/stream/ArabicEnglishLexicon.CopiousEasternSources.EnlargedSuppl.Kamoos.Lane.Poole.1863/07.ArabicEnglLex.v1p7.let.21.22.23.24.Qaf.Kaf.Lam.Mim..Lane-Poole.1885.#page/n113/mode/2up|date=October 7, 2016}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=A Practical Arabic Grammar|page=66|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ex4UAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=comparative&amp;pg=PA69|year=1887|author=A.O.Green|publisher=Clarendon Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The formula, as the briefest expression of the absolute superiority of the One God, is used in Muslim life in different circumstances, in which the idea of God, His greatness and goodness is suggested.&quot; Wensinck, A. J. ''The [[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]'', 2nd edition. Brill, 2000. Volume 10, T-U, p. 119, Takbir.&lt;/ref&gt; Kalmar Takbīr da kanta ita ce jigon kalma na II na tushen triliteral ''k-b-r'', ma'ana &quot;babba&quot;, daga abin da aka samo akbar &quot;babba&quot;. Siffar Allāhu shine zababben Allah, ma'ana 'Allah'.&lt;ref name=&quot;EoQ&quot;&gt;Böwering, Gerhard, ''God and His Attributes'', Encyclopaedia of the Qurʼān, Brill, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Macdonald, D. B. ''The [[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]'', 2nd edition. Brill, 1971. Volume 3, H-Iram, p. 1093, ''[[Ilah]]''.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amfani a cikin ayyukan addinin Musulunci ==
[[File:Allahoakbar_Vectorized.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Allahoakbar_Vectorized.svg|left|thumb|Takubur cikin nastaʿlīq]]
[[File:Takbir_of_prayer.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Takbir_of_prayer.jpg|left|thumb|Musulmi yana ɗaga hannuwansa biyu don karanta Takbari cikin sallah]]
Musulmai suna karanta wannan jumlar a yanayi daban -daban. Misali, lokacin da suke farin ciki sosai, don bayyana yarda, don hana Musulmi yin girman kai ta hanyar tunatar da su cewa Allah shine tushen nasarar su, a matsayin kukan yaƙi, ko lokacin matsanancin damuwa. Ba a samun jumlar a cikin [[Al Kur'ani|Alƙur'ani]], wanda ba ya nufin Allah a matsayin ''akbar'', amma yana amfani da sunan ''al-Kabīr'' &quot;Babban&quot; ko ''Kabīr &quot;Babban&quot;'', wanda aka saba fassara shi da &quot;Mafi Girma&quot; (13: 9, 31:30) , 22:62, 34:23, 40:12, 4:34).

=== Cikin sallah ===
An faɗi jumlar a kowane matakin sallar biyu (sallolin farilla, ana yin su sau biyar a rana), da nafila (sallolin nafila, ana yin su yadda ake so). Kiran da musulmi yayi zuwa sallah (''adhan)'' ta ''muezzin'' da fara sallah (''iqama'') shima yana dauke da jumlar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nigosian102&quot; /&gt;

Duk da cewa akwai gajerun addu'o'i kamarsa, yin amfani da takbi ya fi kowacce gajeriyar [[sallah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=What I learned from Muslims about God|url=https://www.americamagazine.org/issue/called-prayer|author=Patrick J. Ryan, S.J.|publisher=[[America (magazine)|America]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bayan haihuwa da mutuwa ===
Ana amfani da jumlar bayan haihuwar yaro a matsayin hanyar yabon Allah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jerrahi.org/library/articles/birth_school|title=On Birth &amp; School|access-date=4 September 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827111517/http://www.jerrahi.org/library/articles/birth_school|archive-date=27 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hakanan wani bangare ne na jana'izar [[Musulunci]] da al'adun [[jana'iza]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=el-Hibri|first1=Tayeb|title=Parable and Politics in Early Islamic History: The Rashidun Caliphs|date=19 October 2010|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|isbn=9780231521659|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ouwL4dGrTN8C&amp;pg=PA362}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Yayin Bukukuwan Idi da Aikin Hajji ===
A lokacin bukukuwan [[Eid al-Adha]] da kwanakin da ke gabanta, Musulmai suna karanta Takbīr. Musamman abin da ya faru a [[Ranar Arafa|ranar Arafah]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Faraz Rabbani&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Rabbani|first=Faraz|title=The Day of 'Arafah: The 9th of Dhu'l Hijjah|url=http://qa.sunnipath.com/issue_view.asp?HD=1&amp;ID=763&amp;CATE=3|publisher=Qibla.com|access-date=4 September 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015192812/http://qa.sunnipath.com/issue_view.asp?HD=1&amp;ID=763&amp;CATE=3|archive-date=15 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== A lokacin yanka dabbobi na halal ===
Tsarin furta sunan Allah yayin yin Dhabihah dole ne mutum yace &quot;Bismillah Allahu Akbar&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ushalalcertification.com/terminology.html|title=Arabic Definitions|publisher=USA Halal Chamber of Commerce, Inc.|access-date=5 August 2020|archive-date=19 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719162845/https://www.ushalalcertification.com/terminology.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfanin zamantakewa ==
[[File:God_is_the_Greatest-Arabic-Desouk.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:God_is_the_Greatest-Arabic-Desouk.jpg|thumb|333x333px|Allāhu akbar a cikin abin tunawa, Desouk, Misira]]
[[File:Imam_Ali_Shrine_-_1994.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Imam_Ali_Shrine_-_1994.jpg|thumb|255x255px|&quot;Allāhu akbar&quot; a cikin rubutun larabci da aka gani akan ginin [[Imam Ali Mosque|Masallacin Imam Ali]] (tsakiyar Iwan), 1994]]
Ana iya amfani da kalmar &quot;Allahu Akbar&quot; a yanayi daban -daban, daga bukukuwa zuwa lokutan baƙin ciki.

A cikin tarihin wani wanda ya kasance a wurin haihuwar Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr da kuma jana'izarsa, marubucin ya lura cewa an faɗi &quot;Allahu Akbar&quot; a lokuta biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;suleiman&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=What 'Allahu Akbar' really means|url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/11/01/opinions/allahu-akbar-meaning/index.html|author=[[Omar Suleiman]]|publisher=[[CNN]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== A lokutan wahala ===
A wasu lokuta ana amfani da kalmar a lokacin wahala.

Kafin Garuda Indonesia Flight 152 ya faɗa cikin daji kusa da Medan, Indonesia, matukin jirgin ya yi kururuwa ''&quot;Aaaaaaah! Allāhu akbar&quot;'' a cikin rediyonsa. Dangane da rubutacciyar hanyar sadarwa ta rediyo, tattaunawar matukin jirgin tare da mai sarrafa iska ya kasance cikin Ingilishi, amma kalmominsa na ƙarshe sune takbir yayin da jirgin ya faɗi a ranar 26 ga Satumba, 1997, inda ya kashe mutane 234 da ke cikin hatsarin mafi muni a Indonesia. An yi zargin cewa wataƙila hatsarin ya faru ne saboda rashin daidaituwa ko gazawar injin injin turbin da hayaƙin da ke cikin gida ya haifar sakamakon gobarar daji.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world-leftright-confusion-led-to-smog-air-crash-1242039.html|title=Left-right confusion led to smog air crash|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|date=September 30, 1997|access-date=May 8, 2011|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19970929&amp;slug=2563204|title=Business - Indonesian Pilot Was Confused Before Crash - Seattle Times Newspaper|work=nwsource.com|access-date=2021-09-29|archive-date=2012-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001210605/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19970929&amp;slug=2563204|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== A lokutan farin ciki da godiya ===
Ana iya amfani da Takbir don nuna farin ciki ko mamaki. Hakanan ana amfani dashi azaman tafi a cikin abubuwan addini, kamar bayan karatun Al -Qur'ani, kamar yadda ake ganin sauran nau'ikan tafi ba su dace ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;venice&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Allahu akbar: What is the Takbir?|url=https://www.theweek.co.uk/88011/allahu-akbar-what-is-the-takbir|publisher=[[The Week]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lokacin da aka gano Reshma Begum da rai kwanaki 17 bayan rushewar ginin Savar na 2013 a Bangladesh wanda ya kashe mutane 1129, taron jama'a sun yi kukan murna tare da fadin ''&quot;Allāhu akbar&quot;'' don nuna farin cikin su da godiya cewa ta tsira.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Andrea|first=Crossan|title=Survivor Found in Collapsed Bangladesh Building After 17 Days|url=http://www.theworld.org/2013/05/bangladesh-survivor/|publisher=PRI's The World|access-date=4 September 2013|archive-date=12 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912154518/http://www.theworld.org/2013/05/bangladesh-survivor/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Survivor pulled from Bangladesh ruins after 17 days|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/130513/survivor-pulled-bangladesh-ruins-after-17-days|work=Global Post|access-date=4 September 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928054402/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/130513/survivor-pulled-bangladesh-ruins-after-17-days|archive-date=28 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A matsayin jumla mai ma'ana iri-iri, wani lokaci masu sharhin kwallon kafa na Larabawa kan yi amfani da ita azaman abin mamaki, ko ma a matsayin waƙar ƙwallon ƙafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;nyt&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title='Allahu Akbar': An Everyday Phrase, Tarnished by Attacks|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/02/world/americas/allahu-akbar-terrorism.html|work=[[New York Times]]|author=Eric Nagourney}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== A cikin fadace -fadace ===
An yi amfani da shi a tarihi azaman kukan yaƙi yayin yaƙi.&lt;ref&gt;Ludwig W. Adamec, Historical Dictionary of Islam, Scarecrow Press, 2nd ed. 2009, pg. 32&lt;/ref&gt; Tarihin Ibn Ishaq na Mohammed ya ba da labarin aƙalla abubuwa biyu da aka yi amfani da jumlar a ciki.

&quot;Lokacin da manzon ya kai hari kan mutane sai ya jira har gari ya waye. Idan ya ji kiran sallah 'sai ya ja da baya; idan bai ji ba ya kai hari. Mun zo Khaybar da dare, kuma manzon ya kwana a can; kuma lokacin da gari ya waye bai ji kiran sallah ba, 'don haka ya hau muka hau tare da shi, ni kuma na hau bayan Abii Talba da kafafuna na taba kafafar manzo. Mun sadu da ma'aikatan Khaybar suna fitowa da safe da kwandunansu da kwanduna. Lokacin da suka ga manzon da runduna sai suka yi kira, `` Muhammadu da ƙarfinsa, &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; suka juya wutsiya suka gudu. Manzon ya ce, 'Allahu akbar! An lalata Khaybar. Lokacin da muka isa dandalin mutane mugun safiya ne ga waɗanda aka yi wa gargaɗi. '&quot;(Shafi na 511)&quot; Don haka sai ya sauka daga kan dokinsa ya zo wurinsa sannan Ali ya ci gaba da garkuwarsa. `` Amr ya yi nufin busa wanda ya yanke cikin garkuwar sosai har takuba ta makale a ciki ta buga kansa. Amma Ali ya yi masa rauni a jijiya a gindin wuyansa sai ya fadi kasa. Ƙura ta tashi sai manzon ya ji kukan, 'Allahu Akbar' kuma ya san cewa Ali ya kashe shi. &quot;(Shafi na 456)&lt;ref&gt;Life of Mohammed [سيرة رسول الله] by Ibn Ishaq, translated by Alfred Guillaume, Oxford University Press, 1955, 17th printing, Karachi, 2004 https://archive.org/details/TheLifeOfMohammedGuillaume&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Zanga -zanga ===
A lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Iran na 1979, an yi ihu daga saman bene a Iran a cikin maraice a matsayin wani nau'in zanga -zanga. Wannan al'ada ta dawo a cikin zanga -zangar zaben shugaban kasar Iran na 2009,&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090614/ap_on_re_mi_ea/ml_iran_election Yahoo News] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617072238/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090614/ap_on_re_mi_ea/ml_iran_election|date=June 17, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9WU-cxEEJ-E|title=YouTube|publisher=YouTube|date=June 9, 2009|access-date=May 8, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ya nuna rashin amincewa da sakamakon zaben.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8386335.stm|title=How Iran's opposition inverts old slogans|date=December 7, 2009|work=BBC News|access-date=December 21, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Amfani da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da 'yan ta'adda ===
A wasu lokutan ana amfani da jumlar azaman kukan yaƙi na masu tsattsauran ra'ayin Musulmi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chap1&quot;&gt;{{cite book|chapter='We Have Some Planes'|url=http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report_Ch1.htm|year=2004|title=9/11 Commission Report|publisher=National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States|access-date=May 30, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran Musulmai sun yi tir da wannan amfani.&lt;ref name=&quot;suleiman&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nyt&quot; /&gt;

Farfesa Khaled A. Beydoun ya rubuta cewa danganta kalmar da &quot;Allah Akbar&quot; tare da ta'addanci ta ƙara kazancewa ta kafofin yaɗa labarai da talabijin. Ya yi nuni da cewa fina -finan almara da wasan kwaikwayon suma suna amfani da shi azaman wasan kwaikwayo na fim wanda ke ƙara haɓaka ƙungiyar.&lt;ref name=&quot;beydoun&quot; /&gt;

=== Amfani da Kiristoci ===
Har ila yau kalmar tana amfani da Kiristocin da ke magana da Larabci; Ana fassara “Allah” da “Allah” da Larabci. Hakanan ana amfani da wannan jumlar a cikin yanayin liturgical tsakanin Kiristocin Orthodox na Falasdinawa, kuma Archbishop na Sebastia, Theodosios ya kare shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=“We Palestinian Christians say Allahu Akbar” – Thoughts Theological|url=https://www.thoughtstheological.com/we-palestinian-christians-say-allahu-akbar/|access-date=2021-02-20|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227030420/https://www.thoughtstheological.com/we-palestinian-christians-say-allahu-akbar/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== A tutoci ==
An rubuta jimlar ''Allāhu akbar'' a tsakiyar tutar Iraki, sau 22 a kan iyakokin farar fata ta tsakiya akan tutar Iran.

=== Iraq ===
A lokacin yakin Gulf a watan Janairun 1991, [[Saddam Hussein]] ya gudanar da taro tare da manyan kwamandojin soji, inda aka yanke shawarar ƙara kalmomin Allāhu akbar (wanda aka bayyana a matsayin kukan yaƙin Musulunci)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=37gTAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5117,3700016&amp;dq=flag+iraq+islamist+allahu-akbar&amp;hl=en|title=New Straits Times|date=January 15, 1991|access-date=May 8, 2011}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; a cikin tutar Iraki don haɓaka martabar addininsa na mulkinsa, yana jefa kansa a matsayin shugaban sojojin musulunci.&lt;ref name=&quot;usat&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2004-04-26-iraq-flag_x.htm|title=U.S.-picked Iraq leaders approve new flag|date=April 26, 2004|work=USA Today|access-date=February 9, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Deroy Murdock|url=http://article.nationalreview.com/268429/the-911-connection/deroy-murdock|title=Murdock, Deroy, &quot;The 9/11 Connection,&quot; April 3, 2003|work=The National Review|access-date=May 8, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617021913/http://article.nationalreview.com/268429/the-911-connection/deroy-murdock|archive-date=June 17, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hussein ya bayyana tutar a matsayin &quot;tutar jihadi da tauhidi&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0OkasRnU4K0C&amp;q=flag+%22allahu+akbar%22&amp;pg=PA138|title=''Saddam's war of words: politics, religion, and the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait'', Jerry Mark Long, University of Texas Press, 2004, ISBN 0-292-70264-7|access-date=February 19, 2014|isbn=9780292702646|last1=Long|first1=Jerry M.|date=April 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2004, Majalisar Mulkin Iraki da Amurka ta zaɓa ta amince da sabon tutar Iraki wanda ya watsar da alamomin mulkin Husaini, kamar kalmomin ''Allāhu akbar''.&lt;ref name=&quot;usat&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/FE26Ak05.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040528171025/http://atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/FE26Ak05.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=May 28, 2004|title=Rosen, Nir, &quot;Iraq's religious tide cannot be turned back,&quot;|work=Asia Times|date=May 26, 2004|access-date=May 8, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amma a cikin watan Janairun 2008, majalisar dokokin Iraki ta zartar da dokar sauya tutar ta hanyar barin cikin jumla, amma canza kiran rubutun kalmomin ''Allāhu akbar'', wanda ya kasance kwafin rubutun Hussein, zuwa rubutun Kufic.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Jan22/0,4670,IraqFlagDispute,00.html Abdul-Zahra, Qassim, &quot;Iraqi Lawmakers Vote to Change Flag,&quot;] ''[[USA Today]]'', January 22, 2008, accessed February 9, 2010  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202752/http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Jan22/0%2C4670%2CIraqFlagDispute%2C00.html|date=March 5, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Abdul|first=Qassim|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/topstories/2008-02-05-1386576333_x.htm|title=Abdul-Zahra, Qassim, &quot;Iraq unveils flag without Saddam's stars&quot;|work=USA Today|date=February 5, 2008|access-date=May 8, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tutar Iraqi karkashin Husain tana da kowanne daga cikin kalmomin biyu na jumlar da aka rubuta a ɗaya daga cikin sarari tsakanin taurari akan ƙungiya ta tsakiya; tutar 2008, yayin barin kalmar a ciki, tana cire taurari.

=== Sauran ƙasashe ===
An rubuta jumlar ''Allāhu akbar'' a kan tutar Iran, kamar yadda doka ta 18 ta kundin tsarin mulkin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran ta buƙata.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Iran|title=Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koyJAAAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Mizan Press|isbn=978-0-933782-02-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan jimlar ta bayyana sau 22 a tutar.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2007/11/14/is_israel_a_jewish_state/ Jacoby, Jeff, &quot;Is Israel a Jewish State?&quot;], ''[[The Boston Globe]]'', November 14, 2007, accessed February 11, 2010 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808061732/http://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2007/11/14/is_israel_a_jewish_state/|date=August 8, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tsarin mulkin Afghanistan wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2004, ya buƙaci a rubuta Allāhu akbar a kan tutar Afghanistan.&lt;ref&gt;[ McCarthy, Andrew C., &quot;Cold Comfort on Islam and Apostasy; No one who’s actually read the Afghan constitution should be surprised by the Abdul Rahman case&quot;, ''[[National Review]]'', March 27, 2006, accessed February 11, 2010]&lt;/ref&gt;

Yunƙurin gwagwarmaya da yaƙi mulkin Biritaniya a Waziristan, [[Pakistan]], wanda Riv ke jagoranta a cikin 1930s, ya yi amfani da jan tutar da ke ɗauke da ''Allāhu akbar'' cikin fararen haruffa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/premium/0286/0286-9628676.html|title=Analysis: A ride on the wild side|publisher=UPI|date=September 19, 2005|access-date=May 8, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Afghanistan.svg|Tsohon Tutar Afghanistan, tare da jumlar ƙarƙashin Shahada
File:Flag of Iraq.svg|Tutar Iraki, tare da rubutun Kufic mai salo, wanda aka gabatar a cikin 2008
File:Flag of Iran.svg|Tutar Iran, wacce aka gabatar a shekarar 1980
File:Flag of Waziristan resistance (1930s).svg|Tutar 1930s Waziristan (Pakistan) motsi
File:Flag_of_Rahmanland_(Rohingya).png|Tutar Rohingya (an rubuta Allahu Akbar)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Zikiri]]
* [[Tasbih]]
* [[Alhamdulillah|Tahmid]]
* [[Tahlil]]
* [[Basmala|Tasmiyah]]
* [[Salawat]]

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references /&gt;

=== Littattafai ===
* {{cite book|year=1995|author=Rohi Baalbaki|title=Al-Mawrid|edition=7th|location=Beirut|publisher=Dar El-Ilm Lilmalayin|isbn=9953-9023-1-3}}
* {{cite book|year=1870|author=[[F. Steingass]] Ph.D., University of Munich|title=Persian-English Dictionary, Including the Arabic words and phrases to be met with in literature|location=Beirut|publisher=Librairie Du Liban}}</text>
      <sha1>ji6g98il34ffdrs6m7tub7cpew0783f</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Frederic Metcalfe</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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Sir '''Frederid William Metcalfe''' KCB (4 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1886 - 3 ga watan Yuni shekarar 1965) ma'aikacin gwamnatin Burtaniya ne. Ya kuma kasnace tsohon magatakardan  majalisar wakilai kuma shugaban majalisar wakilai ta farko . 

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Metcalfe a cikin 1886 ga dangin WP Metcalfe na Ceylon da Hall Hall, Oxted . Yana da ilimin sa na farko a Wellington da Kwalejin Sidney Sussex, Cambridge sannan daga baya ya zama abokin girmamawa na kwaleji. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Sir Frederic Metcalfe.&quot; Times [London, England] 5 June 1965: 12. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 4 Feb. 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Ayyukan soja ===
A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya]], Metcalfe ya yi aiki tare da sojoji daga 1914 zuwa 1919  ya yi aiki tare da Bataliya ta Musamman ta 6 na Rifle Brigade .

=== Dan majalisa ===
A cikin 1919, Metcalfe ya sami nadin mukami a matsayin Mataimakiyar Magatakarda a Ma'aikatar Ma'aikata na Majalisar Wakilai, yana kan mukamin har zuwa 1930 kafin ya zama Mataimakin Babban Magatakarda na Biyu. Ya zama Mataimakin Magatakarda a 1937. A cikin 1948, an nada shi a matsayin magatakarda na Majalisar Wakilai har ya yi ritaya a watan Yuli 1954,   ya gaji Lord Campion a wannan matsayin.

A shekarar 1955, Metcalfe ya zama kakakin majalisar wakilan Najeriya na farko bayan kaddamar da shi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairun 1955 ta John McPherson . 

== Rayuwar mutum ==
Metcalfe ya auri Helen Goodman na Oxted.

==Manazarta ==
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    <revision>
      <id>893396</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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      <text bytes="1607" sha1="fe386rpapeo0e9c0mnpqq3my9f1joc2" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
Sir '''Frederid William Metcalfe''' KCB (4 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1886 - 3 ga watan Yuni shekarar 1965) ma'aikacin gwamnatin Burtaniya ne. Ya kuma kasnace tsohon magatakardan  majalisar wakilai kuma shugaban majalisar wakilai ta farko . 

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Metcalfe a cikin shekarar 1886 ga dangin WP Metcalfe na Ceylon da Hall Hall, Oxted . Yana da ilimin sa na farko a Wellington da Kwalejin Sidney Sussex, Cambridge sannan daga baya ya zama abokin girmamawa na kwaleji. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Sir Frederic Metcalfe.&quot; Times [London, England] 5 June 1965: 12. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 4 Feb. 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Ayyukan soja ===
A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya]], Metcalfe ya yi aiki tare da sojoji daga 1914 zuwa 1919  ya yi aiki tare da Bataliya ta Musamman ta 6 na Rifle Brigade .

=== Dan majalisa ===
A cikin 1919, Metcalfe ya sami nadin mukami a matsayin Mataimakiyar Magatakarda a Ma'aikatar Ma'aikata na Majalisar Wakilai, yana kan mukamin har zuwa 1930 kafin ya zama Mataimakin Babban Magatakarda na Biyu. Ya zama Mataimakin Magatakarda a 1937. A cikin 1948, an nada shi a matsayin magatakarda na Majalisar Wakilai har ya yi ritaya a watan Yuli 1954,   ya gaji Lord Campion a wannan matsayin.

A shekarar 1955, Metcalfe ya zama kakakin majalisar wakilan Najeriya na farko bayan kaddamar da shi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairun 1955 ta John McPherson . 

== Rayuwar mutum ==
Metcalfe ya auri Helen Goodman na Oxted.

==Manazarta ==
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[[category:Haifaffun 1886]]
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      <sha1>fe386rpapeo0e9c0mnpqq3my9f1joc2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893398</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:38:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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      <text bytes="1616" sha1="i2w0jicl5vncobpwewbtn1t90mwph9z" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
Sir '''Frederid William Metcalfe''' KCB (4 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1886 - 3 ga watan Yuni shekarar 1965) ma'aikacin gwamnatin Burtaniya ne. Ya kuma kasnace tsohon magatakardan  majalisar wakilai kuma shugaban majalisar wakilai ta farko . 

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Metcalfe a cikin shekarar 1886 ga dangin WP Metcalfe na Ceylon da Hall Hall, Oxted . Yana da ilimin sa na farko a Wellington da Kwalejin Sidney Sussex, Cambridge sannan daga baya ya zama abokin girmamawa na kwaleji. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Sir Frederic Metcalfe.&quot; Times [London, England] 5 June 1965: 12. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 4 Feb. 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Ayyukan soja ===
A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya]], Metcalfe ya yi aiki tare da sojoji daga shekarar 1914 zuwa 1919  ya yi aiki tare da Bataliya ta Musamman ta 6 na Rifle Brigade .

=== Dan majalisa ===
A cikin 1919, Metcalfe ya sami nadin mukami a matsayin Mataimakiyar Magatakarda a Ma'aikatar Ma'aikata na Majalisar Wakilai, yana kan mukamin har zuwa 1930 kafin ya zama Mataimakin Babban Magatakarda na Biyu. Ya zama Mataimakin Magatakarda a 1937. A cikin 1948, an nada shi a matsayin magatakarda na Majalisar Wakilai har ya yi ritaya a watan Yuli 1954,   ya gaji Lord Campion a wannan matsayin.

A shekarar 1955, Metcalfe ya zama kakakin majalisar wakilan Najeriya na farko bayan kaddamar da shi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairun 1955 ta John McPherson . 

== Rayuwar mutum ==
Metcalfe ya auri Helen Goodman na Oxted.

==Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}
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[[category:Haifaffun 1886]]
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      <sha1>i2w0jicl5vncobpwewbtn1t90mwph9z</sha1>
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    <revision>
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        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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      <text bytes="1625" sha1="1g2mn31kflyfo989wpulixg24xxbh5w" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
Sir '''Frederid William Metcalfe''' KCB (4 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1886 - 3 ga watan Yuni shekarar 1965) ma'aikacin gwamnatin Burtaniya ne. Ya kuma kasnace tsohon magatakardan  majalisar wakilai kuma shugaban majalisar wakilai ta farko . 

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Metcalfe a cikin shekarar 1886 ga dangin WP Metcalfe na Ceylon da Hall Hall, Oxted . Yana da ilimin sa na farko a Wellington da Kwalejin Sidney Sussex, Cambridge sannan daga baya ya zama abokin girmamawa na kwaleji. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Sir Frederic Metcalfe.&quot; Times [London, England] 5 June 1965: 12. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 4 Feb. 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Ayyukan soja ===
A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya]], Metcalfe ya yi aiki tare da sojoji daga shekarar 1914 zuwa 1919  ya yi aiki tare da Bataliya ta Musamman ta 6 na Rifle Brigade .

=== Dan majalisa ===
A cikin shekarar 1919, Metcalfe ya sami nadin mukami a matsayin Mataimakiyar Magatakarda a Ma'aikatar Ma'aikata na Majalisar Wakilai, yana kan mukamin har zuwa 1930 kafin ya zama Mataimakin Babban Magatakarda na Biyu. Ya zama Mataimakin Magatakarda a 1937. A cikin 1948, an nada shi a matsayin magatakarda na Majalisar Wakilai har ya yi ritaya a watan Yuli 1954,   ya gaji Lord Campion a wannan matsayin.

A shekarar 1955, Metcalfe ya zama kakakin majalisar wakilan Najeriya na farko bayan kaddamar da shi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairun 1955 ta John McPherson . 

== Rayuwar mutum ==
Metcalfe ya auri Helen Goodman na Oxted.

==Manazarta ==
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    <revision>
      <id>893400</id>
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Sir '''Frederid William Metcalfe''' KCB (4 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1886 - 3 ga watan Yuni shekarar 1965) ma'aikacin gwamnatin Burtaniya ne. Ya kuma kasnace tsohon magatakardan  majalisar wakilai kuma shugaban majalisar wakilai ta farko . 

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Metcalfe a cikin shekarar 1886 ga dangin WP Metcalfe na Ceylon da Hall Hall, Oxted . Yana da ilimin sa na farko a Wellington da Kwalejin Sidney Sussex, Cambridge sannan daga baya ya zama abokin girmamawa na kwaleji. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Sir Frederic Metcalfe.&quot; Times [London, England] 5 June 1965: 12. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 4 Feb. 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Ayyukan soja ===
A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya]], Metcalfe ya yi aiki tare da sojoji daga shekarar 1914 zuwa 1919  ya yi aiki tare da Bataliya ta Musamman ta 6 na Rifle Brigade .

=== Dan majalisa ===
A cikin shekarar 1919, Metcalfe ya sami nadin mukami a matsayin Mataimakiyar Magatakarda a Ma'aikatar Ma'aikata na Majalisar Wakilai, yana kan mukamin har zuwa 1930 kafin ya zama Mataimakin Babban Magatakarda na Biyu. Ya zama Mataimakin Magatakarda a shekarar 1937. A cikin 1948, an nada shi a matsayin magatakarda na Majalisar Wakilai har ya yi ritaya a watan Yuli 1954,   ya gaji Lord Campion a wannan matsayin.

A shekarar 1955, Metcalfe ya zama kakakin majalisar wakilan Najeriya na farko bayan kaddamar da shi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairun 1955 ta John McPherson . 

== Rayuwar mutum ==
Metcalfe ya auri Helen Goodman na Oxted.

==Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}
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      <sha1>2ef6hx12h7v0xy0ry4ci4is4rmxubzk</sha1>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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Sir '''Frederid William Metcalfe''' KCB (4 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1886 - 3 ga watan Yuni shekarar 1965) ma'aikacin gwamnatin Burtaniya ne. Ya kuma kasnace tsohon magatakardan  majalisar wakilai kuma shugaban majalisar wakilai ta farko . 

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Metcalfe a cikin shekarar 1886 ga dangin WP Metcalfe na Ceylon da Hall Hall, Oxted . Yana da ilimin sa na farko a Wellington da Kwalejin Sidney Sussex, Cambridge sannan daga baya ya zama abokin girmamawa na kwaleji. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Sir Frederic Metcalfe.&quot; Times [London, England] 5 June 1965: 12. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 4 Feb. 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Ayyukan soja ===
A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya]], Metcalfe ya yi aiki tare da sojoji daga shekarar 1914 zuwa 1919  ya yi aiki tare da Bataliya ta Musamman ta 6 na Rifle Brigade .

=== Dan majalisa ===
A cikin shekarar 1919, Metcalfe ya sami nadin mukami a matsayin Mataimakiyar Magatakarda a Ma'aikatar Ma'aikata na Majalisar Wakilai, yana kan mukamin har zuwa 1930 kafin ya zama Mataimakin Babban Magatakarda na Biyu. Ya zama Mataimakin Magatakarda a shekarar 1937. A cikin 1948, an nada shi a matsayin magatakarda na Majalisar Wakilai har ya yi ritaya a watan Yuli 1954,   ya gaji Lord Campion a wannan matsayin.

A shekarar 1955, Metcalfe ya zama kakakin majalisar wakilan Najeriya na farko bayan kaddamar da shi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1955 ta John McPherson . 

== Rayuwar mutum ==
Metcalfe ya auri Helen Goodman na Oxted.

==Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}
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[[category:Haifaffun 1886]]
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Sir '''Frederid William Metcalfe''' KCB (4 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1886 - 3 ga watan Yuni shekarar 1965) ma'aikacin gwamnatin Burtaniya ne. Ya kuma kasnace tsohon magatakardan  majalisar wakilai kuma shugaban majalisar wakilai ta farko . 

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Metcalfe a cikin shekarar 1886 ga dangin WP Metcalfe na Ceylon da Hall Hall, Oxted . Yana da ilimin sa na farko a Wellington da Kwalejin Sidney Sussex, Cambridge sannan daga baya ya zama abokin girmamawa na kwaleji. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Sir Frederic Metcalfe.&quot; Times [London, England] 5 June 1965: 12. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 4 Feb. 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Ayyukan soja ===
A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya]], Metcalfe ya yi aiki tare da sojoji daga shekarar 1914 zuwa 1919  ya yi aiki tare da Bataliya ta Musamman ta 6 na Rifle Brigade .

=== Dan majalisa ===
A cikin shekarar 1919, Metcalfe ya sami nadin mukami a matsayin Mataimakiyar Magatakarda a Ma'aikatar Ma'aikata na Majalisar Wakilai, yana kan mukamin har zuwa 1930 kafin ya zama Mataimakin Babban Magatakarda na Biyu. Ya zama Mataimakin Magatakarda a shekarar 1937. A cikin 1948, an nada shi a matsayin magatakarda na Majalisar Wakilai har ya yi ritaya a watan Yuli 1954,   ya gaji Lord Campion a wannan matsayin.

A shekarar 1955, Metcalfe ya zama kakakin majalisar wakilan Najeriya na farko bayan ƙaddamar da shi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1955 ta John McPherson . 

== Rayuwar mutum ==
Metcalfe ya auri Helen Goodman na Oxted.

==Manazarta ==
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[[category:Haifaffun 1886]]
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      <sha1>fiyqbk4l7m3s1057y45br9zbgzyba7g</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:IB Muazzam</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>893283</id>
      <parentid>860124</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T01:16:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Deepfriedokra</username>
        <id>13105</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Deepfriedokra moved page [[Tattaunawar user:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]] to [[Tattaunawar user:IB Muazzam]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]]&quot; to &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/IB Muazzam|IB Muazzam]]&quot;</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14517" sha1="dqwgawx5xcckqypgba6o0ot1ui0cgz5" xml:space="preserve">==Tunatarwa==
Assalamu alaikum ɗan'uwa barkanka da wannan lokaci ya kake ya kuma aikace-aikace da fatan kana lafiya ameen. Naga Kanada ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar maƙaloli sosai kuma muna maraba da ire-iren ku Allah ya ƙara basira ameen. Naga ka ƙirƙira maƙala mai suna [[Lambu]], wannan maƙala tanada buƙatar ka inganta sosai sannan kayi cikakken bayani yadda duk wanda ya karanta zai fahimta me ake nufi da lambu. Sai kuma ka lura nan gaba duk lokacin da zaka ƙirƙira ko fassara wata maƙala sai kayita da inganci sosai gami da sanya Manazarta da sauran abubuwan da zasu Inganta ta. [[User:Salihu Aliyu|S Ahmad Fulani]] 22:24, 18 ga Faburairu, 2022 (UTC)

== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ibrahim Sani Mustapha! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 00:01, 30 Oktoba 2021 (UTC)

== Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? ==

Hi! Ibrahim Sani Mustapha

The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]].

The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The revised enforcement guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement.

Please vote [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|here]]

Regards, [[User:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Zuz (WMF)|talk]]) 10:23, 15 ga Maris, 2022 (UTC)

== Hukumar Sojojin Nigeria - Akwai mukalar a Shafin Hausa Wikipediya  ==

Assalam.. da fatan ka tashi lafiya. Wannan mukala [[Hukumar Sojojin Nigeria]] da ka kirkira akwai ta tun tuni a shafin Hausa Wikipedia da suna [[Rundunonin Sojin Najeriya]]. Saboda haka zan goge wanda ka kirkira saboda wancan ya fi inganci. Da fatan baza ka karaya ba saboda ka'ida ce ba a barin shafin biyu iri daya.

Jumu'at Kareem. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller&gt;&gt;]] 05:58, 24 Nuwamba, 2023 (UTC)

:Ok ina godiya [[User:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha#top|talk]]) 11:59, 24 Nuwamba, 2023 (UTC)

== Godiya ==

Assalamu Alaikum @[[User:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]]. Na ga goyan bayanka da na ke neman Admin. Hakika na yi farin ciki, kuma hakan zai taimaka don samun wannan dama. Already na yi niyyar sanar da kai privately ta WhatsApp, sai na ankare har kayi supporting... Ina godiya. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 17:27, 28 Satumba 2024 (UTC)

:Babu komai BnHamid ina ganin ƙoƙarin ka sosai tun tuni naso inyi maka magana akan ka nemi Admin na dindindin saboda kokarin da kake yi wajen sanya ido akan ayyukan Wikipedia saboda nayi mamaki danaga Admin dinka yana da lokacin karewa danaga kuma ka nema sai naji dadin haka shi yasa nayi support.Allah ya bada Sa'a. [[User:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|talk]]) 21:31, 28 Satumba 2024 (UTC)

== Gyara ==

Barka da aiki @[[User:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]] sannu da kokari ina mai jinjina a gareka. Bayan haka ina kara jawo hankalinka a matsayinka na kwararren edita, mukalolin daka kirkira na mata mafi yawanci suna bukatar bibiya ta hanyar gyara gender din ma'ana inda ya dace a rubuta &quot;ita&quot; sai ka rubuta &quot;shi&quot; bayan kuma mukalar ta mace ce ba ta namiji ba. Nagode, Bissalam [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 17:20, 2 ga Maris, 2025 (UTC)

:Barka kadai ina godiya da tunatar warka kuma in sha Allah zan gyara na gode sosai da wannan sakon irin haka dama muke bukata idan mutum yana aikata kuskure ayi masa magana ko waye shi domin yasan ana bibiyar aikin sa 
:Ina godiya (Pharouqnr) [[User:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|talk]]) 17:27, 2 a Maris, 2025 (UTC)

== Feminism and Folklore 2025 - Local prize winners ==

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:please-translate}}''

Dear Wikimedian,

Congratulations on your outstanding achievement in winning a local prize in the '''Feminism and Folklore 2025''' writing competition! We truly appreciate your dedication and the valuable contribution you’ve made in documenting local folk culture and highlighting women’s representation on your local Wikipedia.

To claim your prize, please complete the [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdONlpmv1iTrvXnXbHPlfFzUcuF71obJKtPGkycgjGObQ4ShA/viewform?usp=dialog prize form] by July 5th, 2025. Kindly note that after this date, the form will be closed and submissions will no longer be accepted.

Please also note that all prizes will be awarded in the form of [https://www.tremendous.com/ Tremendous Vouchers] only.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to contact us via your talk page or email. We're happy to help.

Warm regards,

[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|FNF 2025 International Team]]

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:20, 21 ga Yuni, 2025 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2025 - International prize winners ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:please-translate}}''
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]

🎉 Congratulations! 🎉

We’re absolutely thrilled to announce that you are one amongst the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Results|grand champion]] of the '''Feminism and Folklore 2025''' writing competition, winning the coveted International prize! Your outstanding achievement deserves a standing ovation and endless celebration! 🌟

Your passion, dedication, and incredible effort in bringing local folk culture and the voices of women to life on Wikipedia have truly blown us away. You’ve made a remarkable impact, and we couldn’t be more grateful for your contribution.

Now, to make sure you receive your well-deserved prize (and make it extra special for you!), please fill out the preferences form before July 10, 2025. This will help us customize your prize and ensure it’s a perfect fit. 👉 [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfCYwsIY3kTLyDRcIKxSfxJbz2eunqJUrukvc0uuwX6LU-WKA/viewform?usp=dialog Click here to fill out the form!]

If you have any questions or need help with anything at all, don’t hesitate to reach out! You can contact us via the talkpage or email — we’re always here for you and happy to help.

Once again, a huge congratulations on this incredible victory! We’re so proud to celebrate you and can’t wait to hear from you soon.

✨ Best wishes and endless cheers! ✨

[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|FNF 2025 International Team]]

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
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== Congratulations to the Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to announce and congratulate the '''Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026'''.

Your contributions have played a significant role in documenting and improving content related to women, gender, culture, oral traditions, and folklore across Wikimedia projects. Through your dedication and commitment, you have helped expand free knowledge and improve the representation of diverse cultural narratives from around the world.

=== Appreciation Form ===

As a token of appreciation, all Top Global Winners are requested to complete the following form on or before '''22 June 2026'''.

'''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdSdw0KMLg-1WLcD9E2TKqd_jlON8udTj4suyy6s5fPJ9DqYA/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

; Deadline
: 22 June 2026

Please ensure that the submitted information is accurate and complete to facilitate the appreciation process.

=== Thank you ===

We extend our sincere gratitude for your outstanding contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts continue to strengthen the Wikimedia movement's mission of sharing free and inclusive knowledge with the world.

Congratulations once again on your achievement, and thank you for being a valued part of the global Feminism and Folklore community.

— ''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team''
&lt;/div&gt;

--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:54, 7 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&amp;oldid=30649262 --&gt;

== Congratulations to the Local Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to congratulate the Local Winners of '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]'''.

Local Winners are participants who achieved top rankings within their respective language communities through their valuable contributions to documenting folklore, women's history, culture, traditions, and related knowledge on Wikimedia projects in their local languages.

Your efforts have helped enrich Wikimedia content, preserve cultural heritage, and improve the representation of diverse communities and knowledge systems across the movement. We sincerely appreciate your dedication and contribution to the success of the campaign.

=== Appreciation Form ===

As a token of appreciation to receive prizes, all Local Winners are requested to complete the following form by '''22 June 2026'''.

'''Form link''' - 
[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdGU7vkzANkB8P1k2X-NPwOwqBoTZafzgUZ-23wnVCeW2cj3g/viewform here]

; Deadline
: 22 June 2026

Please ensure that all information provided in the form is accurate and complete. This information will be used for the appreciation process.

=== Thank you ===

We extend our heartfelt thanks to all Local Winners for their outstanding contributions and continued support of free knowledge. Your work has strengthened local-language content and helped make knowledge about folklore and women more accessible to communities around the world.

Congratulations once again on your achievement.

—''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team''
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:25, 7 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&amp;oldid=30649454 --&gt;

== Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects.

As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions.

As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world.

'''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''.

Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns!

Best regards,

Feminism and Folklore international Team.

--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:31, 18 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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    <title>Sinima a Kenya</title>
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[[File:Lupita_Nyong%E2%80%99o_at_Berlinale_2024_Ausschnitt.jpg  |thumb|Lupita Nyong'o, 'Yar wasan Kenya-Mexico kuma darektar fina-finai]]
[[File:Sammy_Samora_Kibagendi.png  |thumb|Sammy Samora Kibagendi, daraktan fim a kasar]]
[[Fayil:At Ruiru. Kenya. c 1954.jpg|thumb|Kenya lokutan baya]]
'''Sinima a Kenya''' na nufin masana'antar fim ta [[Kenya]]. Ko da yake ƙaramar masana'anta ce ta kwatankwacin yammacin duniya, Kenya ta ƙirƙira ko zama wurin yin fim tun farkon shekarun 1950 lokacin da aka yi fim ɗin ''Men Against the Sun a 1952.'' Ko da yake, a Amurka, an haska fim ɗin almara na daji da aka saita a cikin ƙasar a Hollywood tun farkon shekarun 1940.

== Sinima ==
Maimakon fitattun fina-finan da ke da abubuwan tatsuniyoyi, Kenya ta fi samar da fina-finai na abubuwan dake faruwa sau da yawa da ke da alaƙa da yanayin mutane da talauci a manyan biranen Kenya. Tun a shekarar 2000 fina-finan da aka nuna akan samar da fasahar DV sun karu a kasar. Sun hada da ''Dangerous Affair'', ''Project Daddy'', and ''Money &amp; the Cross'' by Njeri Karago, ''Babu's Babies'' by Christine Bala, ''Naliaka is Going'' by Albert Wandago, ''Farashin 'ya mace'' da ''Bayan Rufaffiyar Doors'' by Jane Murago-Munene, ''The Green Card'' by Brutus Sirucha, ''Malooned'' by Bob Nyanja, ''The Great Betrayal'' by Ingolo wa Keya, ''All Girls Together'' by Cajetan Boy, ''Help'' by Robert Bresson and ''From a Whisper'' by Wanuri Kahiu, and Jitu Films movies: ''Mob Doc'', ''R2 Security'', ''Zeinabu Rudi Nyumbani'', ''Chasing Musa'', Mai ''Son Kai, Ni, Matata Da Guru'', ''Kabari'' Da ''Ta Wuta'' ; da ''Hammer'' na Cezmiq Cast, da kuma haramtaccen fim ɗin ban tsoro ''Otto the Bloodbath'' .

Fina-finan da suka fito kafin 2000 sun haɗa da ''The Battle of the Sacred Tree'' (1995) na Wanjiru Kinyanjui wanda ya lashe kyaututtuka da dama ( OCIC da Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame award in the US), ' Saikati ' (1992) da 'Saikati Enkabaani' (1998) by Anne Mungai, ''The Married Bachelor'' (1997) na Ingolo wa Keya da ''Kolor Mask'' na Sao Gamba. ''Gajerun tatsuniyoyi da'' yawa kuma suna kan karuwa kamar su The Baisikol (1997) na Ingolo wa Keya, ''Ras Star'' na Wanuri Kahiu, &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwOg&quot;&gt;Subira&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; na darektan fina-finan [[Indiya]] Ravneet Sippy Chadha na Kenya, ''Life in D Major'' na Angelo Kinyua, da ''Extracts of Me.'' by William Owusu.

Sauran masu yin fina-finai masu zaman kansu masu ƙaramin ƙarfi da ke amfani da fasahar dijital don daukar fina-finansu da sayar da su a cikin gida ta hanyar DVD da VCD sun haifar da masana'antar Riverwood. Ko da yake asalin sunansa ya samo asali ne daga hanyar River-road, titin da ke da cunkoson jama'a inda ake sayar da kaset na kiɗa da na'urorin lantarki, Riverwood yana ɗaukar hankalin manyan gidajen talabijin na yau da kullun da masu watsa shirye-shirye na Afirka. ''Race ta'' Mburu Kimani ta samu lambar yabo a bikin kaddamar da lambar yabo ta Kalasha (Kyawun TV da Fina-Finai na Kenya) na &quot;Best Riverwood Film&quot;.  Sauran fina-finai a cikin wannan nau'in sun haɗa da Simiyu Barasa's ''Toto Millionaire'' (2007), da sauran fina-finai masu yawa na harshe kamar ''Kihenjo'' da ''Machangi'' .

Fina-finai irin su na 2006 ''Ina so in zama'' matukin jirgi sun ba da labarin wani ɗan ƙaramin yaro da ke fama da talauci a Nairobi wanda ke da burin zama matuƙin jirgin sama da samun ’yanci daga rayuwarsa ta kunci.

A cikin 2007 Fitattun siffofi, babban gidan Mediya na Kenya, sun yanke shawarar bambanta daga ayyukansu na al'ada da kuma shiga cikin samar da fina-finai na gida. A wannan lokacin Vivid ya sami nasarar shirya fina-finai 24 na Kenya a ƙarƙashin sunan Jitu Films tare da daraktoci daban-daban kamar Alexandros Konstantaras, Evelyn Kahungu da Hawa Essuman. Jitu ya yi ƙoƙari ya taimaka wajen samar da wata kasuwa mai dogaro ga fina-finan Kenya ta hanyar taimakawa haɓaka silima da al'adun siyan DVD don fina-finan Kenya na gida da kuma isa ga sauran masu sauraro a wajen Afirka. Don doke satar fasaha Jitu suna da faifan DVD ɗin su na asali akan siyarwa a ƙarƙashin dala ɗaya kawai a cikin manyan kantuna da kantuna. DVD ɗin ainihin inganci ne na asali tare da ƙarin menus tare da wasu tirelolin fim, da sauransu. A cikin 2010 Jitu Film's ''Otto: Blood Bath ya'' sami suna ba kawai ta hanyar kasancewa fim ɗin Horror na farko na Kenya wanda Hukumar Tace Fina-Finan ta Kenya ta dakatar da shi a shekarun baya a matsayin &quot;Mai ban tsoro har ga babba&quot; amma ta hanyar lashe lambar yabo ta farko a matsayin Mafi kyawun Gabas. Fim ɗin Afirka a bugu na ƙarshe na bikin fina-finan Rwanda.

Fim kamar na shekarun 2010 ''Togetherness Supreme'', wani fim na almara na Nathan Collett ya sami kulawar ƙasa da ƙasa  don bayyana wasu batutuwan da suka shafi al'ummar Kenya. ''Togetherness Supreme'' ya ba da labarin Kamau, mai fasaha, wanda ke amfani da basirarsa don inganta canji a Kibera, kuma labari ne na soyayya, rikici, da kuma ƙarshe, na sulhu. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/oddnews/InsidePage.php?id=2000015641&amp;cid=300&amp;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329115614/http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/oddnews/InsidePage.php?id=2000015641&amp;cid=300&amp;|date=2012-03-29}}, The Standard (Kenya), 7 August 2010]&lt;/ref&gt;

''Kibera Kid'' wanda darektan Kenya Nathan Collett ya jagoranta wani ɗan gajeren fim ne na mintuna goma sha biyu wanda ya ƙunshi jigogi na laifuka da talauci a cikin unguwannin Kibera, [[Nairobi]] da kuma ɗabi'a kamar yadda matashin jarumin dole ne ya zaɓi tsakanin zama tare da ƙungiyar ɓarayi ko kuma. rayuwa babu laifi. Labarin almara ne amma yanayi da gaskiyar da aka kwatanta ba haka bane. Fim din ya sami lambobin yabo na ƙasa da ƙasa guda bakwai kuma ya sami kulawa a bukukuwan fina-finai daban-daban na duniya ciki har da bikin fina-finai na Berlin kuma an ba shi lambar yabo da Student Emmy a Hollywood. BBC, Reuters, Al Jazeera English da sauran su ne suka bayyana shi. &lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/africa/6935607.stm Kenya's ''Kibera kid'' savours stardom], BBC News, 20 August 2007&lt;/ref&gt; Baya ga wannan daraktoci irin su Collett sun harbe wasu gajerun fina-finai irin su ''The Oath'', gajeriyar tarihin 2005 a cikin shekarun 1950 a lokacin tawayen Mau Mau a karkashin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a Kenya. Yana nuna gwagwarmayar da ke tsakanin ’yan’uwa biyu a bangarorin da ke rikici. Yawancin 'yan wasan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim din zuriyar mayakan Mau Mau ne.

Yayin da adadin fina-finan da aka yi a ƙasar ya ƙaru a shekarun baya-bayan nan, kasar ba ta da karfin kudi da jarin da ake bukata don shirya fina-finai masu girma da kuma daukar ƙwararrun ƴan wasa. Ya kasance baya bayan sauran masu shirya fina-finai na Afirka irin su [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da Masar waɗanda suke shirya fina-finai masu mahimmanci tun farkon karni na ashirin.

=== Tallace-tallacen gwamnati na yin fim ===
Gwamnatin Kenya ta yi ƙoƙari sosai wajen bunƙasa fina-finan Kenya a matsayin masana'antu, kuma a shekarar 2005 gwamnati ta taimaka wajen kafa hukumar kula da fina-finai ta Kenya (KFC) wadda ta fara aiki a tsakiyar shekarar 2006. Hukumar Fina-Finai ta Kenya tana da niyyar haɓaka masana'antar ba kawai a cikin ƙasar ba amma don haɓaka wayar da kan duniya da sha'awar masu saka hannun jari. Hukumar tana karkashin ma'aikatar yaɗa labarai da sadarwa ne karkashin jagorancin Samuel Poghisio . Yana tallafawa masana'antar fina-finai ta Kenya ta hanyar samar da kayan aiki don nunawa da yin fim da shirya tarurruka daban-daban don ilmantar da masu shirya fina-finai na gida da ke neman shiga harkar fim. Har ila yau, tana da alhakin ba da shawara kan lasisi da shige da fice; da kuma saukaka aikin daukar fim ga masu yin fim. Hukumar ta kuma kafa wata ma’adanar bayanai da za ta jera daraktocin fina-finai, furodusoshi, wakilai, hazikan gida, masu ruwa da tsaki da masu samar da hidima don daukaka martabar masana’antar fina-finai ta Kenya.  &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.artmatters.info ArtMatters.Info]&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2012 Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta gabatar da shirya fina-finai a makarantu, kwalejoji da bikin wasan kwaikwayo na jami'o'i. Wannan aikin da Dr. Simon Peter Otieno na sashen adabi, Jami'ar Nairobi ya shirya ya ga makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'i suna ƙoƙarin yin fim a cikin bikin. A shekarar 2012 cikin fina-finan ''Conflicted Successions'' ta Kenya Cibiyar Mass Communication, ''Time'' ta Elimu Academy, ''A Lokaci zuwa Cry'' da Chogoria Girls 'High School, ''Benji'' ta Lions Primary School, ''Flashback'' da Karima Girls' high school, ''The First Drop'' da Kayole Ɗaya Makarantar Firamare, Babban Makarantar Nyagatugu ''Ya Ba da Labari'' '', Angel'' ta Makarantar Sakandare ta Kakamega, ''Gasar'' da Makarantar Sakandare ta Kenya, ''Anne-Brittah'' ta Makarantar ’Yan Mata ta Bulimbo, Mafarkin ''Gobe'' ta Makarantar ’Yan Mata ta OLM Mugoiri, ''Juma’ar da ta gabata. a Ten'' ta Gitwe Girls' High School da ''Matsalolin Matsalolin'' da Makarantar Menengai ta Makarantar Sakandare ta Menengai sune manyan abubuwan da suka fi dacewa. Kasancewar shekarar farko ta bikin ingancin abubuwan samarwa ya kasance abin mamaki sosai. Kadan daga cikin gabatarwar sun kasance gwaji kuma basu da ingancin fasaha.

2013 ya ga abin da zai zama abin jayayya na biyu Labarin Almarar Kimiyya a Kenya bayan ''Pumzi'' (2010). Wannan wani fim ne mai suna ''Messenger'' na makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata ta Rwathia wanda ya gabatar da labarin wani baƙo da ya saci shaidar wata daliba ta form one. Sauran abubuwan da suka fi ɗaukar hankali a bangaren sakandaren sun hada da ''A Rose for Salome'' ta Chogoria Girls' High School, ''Red Rose'' ta Nyagatugu Boys High School, ''Wasikar da Auntie'' ta Makarantar Mata ta TumuTumu, ''Zunubai da Al'amuran'' da Uwargidanmu Rahama Mugoiri ta yi. ' High School, ''Black Rose'' ta St. Annes Secondary School Lioki, ''Hoton'' na Makarantar Kangubiri Girls' High School, ''Tumors of Bitterness'' ta Othaya Boys' High School da ''Kosa La Mwisho'' ta Makarantar Sakandaren Kajembe.

Rukunin makarantun firamare sun ga tantance ''Words'' ta Elimu Academy. A cikin kwalejoji da jami'o'i nau'in fim ɗin da za a ambata shine ''Tuna Sunan'' da Cibiyar Sadarwa ta Jama'a ta Kenya, Ƙaunar da Jami'ar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Amurka ta ''ɗauka zuwa wani wuri mai ban mamaki'' '', The Twist'' by Mount Kenya University,

''Mu Yi Wasa Pretend'' ta Jami'ar Moi. A ƙoƙarin inganta shiga cikin wannan sabon salo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da na fina-finai, Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta bullo da nau'o'in nau'o'in nau'o'i kamar Documentary, Cinematic Poetry, Screen-narative, Screen-Dance da Talla. A cikin 2013 da yawa cibiyoyin Yara na Farko sun shiga cikin rukunin waƙar allo. Makarantar sakandaren ƴan mata ta Kangubiri da makarantar firamare ta Kayole daya da makarantar firamare ta Nkamathi ne suka gabatar da wannan wasan allo.

Sha'awar da aka haɓaka a cibiyoyin koyo ya yi yawa sosai tare da adadin shirye-shiryen fim/bidiyo da ke ƙaruwa kowace shekara. Abubuwan da aka yi ko da yake na gwaji ta fuskoki da yawa sun sami ingancin ƙwararru. A shekarar 2014 an samu shiga 16 a cikin kyautar fim da Talabijin na Kalasha na shekara wanda alkalai suka yi kima sosai amma makarantu da dalibai ba a taɓa ba su kyautar da ta dace ba saboda karancin isassun kudade na bikin. Wasu jigogin sun kasance masu ƙarfin hali da ƙwazo sosai, gami da cin nasara cikin sci-fi. Jerin fina-finai masu inganci da aka nuna tsakanin 2013 da 2014 yana cikin tebur wiki na 1 a gefen dama na wannan shafin:

A shekarar 2014 a ɓangaren sakandaren ‘yan matan Kangubiri ta lashe fim ɗin mai suna ''Bury Kasusuwana Amma Ka kiyaye Maganata'' (Labarin wata yarinya da mahaifiyarta ta gargade ta da kada ta rika daukar kyauta a lokacin da ta ke zuwa makarantar sakandare amma ta samu nasara. wanda ya ci karo da wata baiwar da ba za ta iya jurewa ba; na samun ikon allahntaka). Fim ɗin Jami'o'in sun sami Jami'ar Internationalasashen Duniya ta Amurka da Jami'ar Nairobi sun sami manyan kyaututtuka. Jami'ar Nairobi ta shirya wani fim mai suna ''The Epitaph'' (Labari ne game da wata yarinya da ta samu rauni da ke cikin jami'ar amma ba ta iya mantawa da cewa ta rasa dan uwanta a yajin tashin hankali da dalibai suka yi a makarantar sakandare inda ta shiga ba tare da son rai ba).

Makarantun firamare sun kasance ƙarƙashin jagorancin Elimu Academy waɗanda suka sami lambar yabo ta fim dinsu mai suna ''Maya'' wanda ya kasance labari na gaskiya da ke nuna yadda daliban wata makaranta da dama suka mutu a kan hanya sakamakon rashin kulawa da hukumar makarantar. Makarantar Firamare ta Nairobi tana da kyakkyawan shirin rubuce-rubuce kan makarantar. Makarantar firamare ta St. Eugene daga yammacin Kenya ta kuma gabatar da wani shirin cin nasara mai taken ''Future Between Rocks da'' ke nuna yadda daliban makarantar ke fuskantar kalubale na talauci ta hanyar yin zabe mai wahala na zuwa makaranta ko kuma su fasa dutse a wani dutsen da ke kusa don samun. Kuɗi ga iyalansu talakawa. Makarantar Firamare ta Kayole Daya ta gabatar da wani raye-raye mai ban sha'awa a allo mai taken ''Mutuku'' game da wani yaro da aka lallaba da shan kwaya amma ya dawo hayyacinsa ya dawo ya yi fice a makaranta.

A cikin 2015 cibiyoyin da suka nuna ingancin fina-finai/bidiyoyin watsa shirye-shirye sun kasance kamar a cikin tebur wiki tebur 2 a gefen dama na wannan shafin:

Cibiyoyi da yawa sun halarci bikin da aka gudanar a garin Nakuru a shekarar 2015 a makarantar Menengai. Adadin fina-finan ya kasance 152 amma yawancin gwaje-gwajen da ke buƙatar ƙwarewa da yawa. Kadan da aka ambata a sama sun fi ko žasa waɗanda ke da kyakkyawan inganci a cikin harbi, wasan kwaikwayo da kuma gyarawa. Wannan ya yi nuni da bukatar a ba malamai ƙarin bita don samar musu da karin kayan aikin fim/bidiyo.

Abin ban mamaki sosai a cikin wannan aikin shine samar da fim daga cibiyoyin Koyon Yara na Farko wanda kuma aka sani da ECDs. Waɗannan cibiyoyi ne waɗanda ke karɓar yaran da suke zuwa makarantar gaba da sakandare tsakanin shekaru 4 zuwa 6. Gundumar Nairobi ta kasance tana samun ƙarin shiga ta cibiyoyin ECD tun lokacin da aka fara yin fim a cikin shirin makarantun. Yaran da malamansu za su shirya wakar bidiyo da yaran suka karanta kuma yunkurin ya kayatar sosai. Our Lady of Mercy ECD Centre ta shirya ''wani fim mai suna Teacher Makasi'' na wani yaro da bai fahimci dalilin da yasa malaminta ya yi mata kuskure ba idan ta kara 1+1 ta samu 11.

Makarantar sakandaren ’yan mata ta Kamarundura ta sace zukatan masu kallo tare da rubutaccen rubutu mai suna ''Anti-Dre'' wanda ya lashe kyaututtuka da dama ciki har da fim din da ya yi nasara baki daya. Labari ne na wani dillalin kwaya da ake yi masa aiki a matsayin malami a makaranta. Yana samun fili mai albarka don yin kasuwancinsa a tsakanin ɗalibai har sai abin ya same shi. Makarantar sakandaren ’yan mata ta Moi Nairobi ta shirya wani fim mai suna ''No Behavior'' game da wata yarinya da wani saurayi ya yi abota da shi, ya yi ciki ya jefar. Makarantar Sakandaren ’Yan mata ta Rwathia ta fito da wani fim ɗin almara na kimiyya mai suna ''Guardian Angel'' na mala’ika wanda ya ɗauki matsayin ɗan adam ya zo ya ceci yarinya daga munanan halayenta. Makarantar Kiaguthu Boys' High School, kasancewa daya daga cikin 'yan makarantar yara da suka shiga harkar fim sun bincika 'yancin ɗan yaro a ''cikin Intricacies of a Boy Child.'' A cikin gajeren fim na nau'in ba da labari na makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata Loreto Msongari ya baiwa ƴan kallo dariya tare da ''Dabo Tap'', labarin wata yarinya da ta hadu da wani mutum a dandalin sada zumunta sai kawai ta gane cewa malaminta ne. Sashin rawan allo wanda ya yi kama da bidiyon kiɗa har yanzu wani aiki ne mai tsayi kuma fina-finan da aka gabatar ba su da rauni a ƙwarewar samarwa. Har ila yau, shirin ya kasance mai rauni sosai tare da ƴan ƙwararrun abubuwan samarwa.

A 2015 ingancin samar da makarantun firamare ya ragu sosai. Saboda manufofin gwamnati na ilimin firamare kyauta da yawa makarantun gwamnati ba su da kuɗi daga iyaye don haka ba su da kuɗi don shirya bidiyo/fina-finai ko ma shiga yadda ya kamata a bikin wasan kwaikwayo na shekara-shekara. Fim ɗin da ya ci nasara ta Gilgil Hills Academy, ''Flips of Darkness ya'' kasance game da haƙƙin yara nakasassu. Wannan za a iya cewa shi ne kawai fim ɗin fasalin da bai tayar da tambayoyi da yawa ta fuskar fasaha da samarwa ba. Sabbin shiga makarantar firamare ta Nyaka Njeru, makarantar jama'a daga yankin tsaunuka na Meru ta samar da wani shiri mai ban sha'awa mai suna ''Cactus'' game da wahalar makarantar.

A cikin rukunin kwalejoji Cibiyar Sadarwar Jama'a ta Kenya ta mamaye da ingantaccen samarwa. Kwalejin tana koyar da shirya fina-finai da aikin jarida. Fim din da suka fi daukar hankali a wannan shekarar shi ne shirin nasu mai suna ''Omurogi'' wanda ya binciko yadda ake yin bokanci a gundumar Kisii (yankin da ke kusa da tafkin Victoria). Ko da yake kolejoji kaɗan ne suka shiga harkar fim/bidiyo tare da Asumbi Teachers College kasancewarta ɗaya daga cikin kwalejojin malamai.

Jami'o'i kalilan ne suka halarci tare da Jami'ar St. Pauls ta fitar da wani fim mai cike da ban sha'awa mai taken ''Shaida ta'' game da laifuka da ƙwayoyi. Jami'ar Moi, wacce ta ci gaba da shiga tun 2013 ta samar da ''Cycle 28'' labari game da wahalhalu da sha'awar dangantaka a rayuwar harabar.

A cikin 2016 bikin ya kasance a makarantar Meru da ke gundumar Meru inda hallara ya karu tare da shigar da fina-finai 218. Hakan ya sa a ƙara ɗakunan fina-finai daga daya zuwa biyu domin gudanar da lodi a cikin kwanaki goma da aka bayar. Domin manyan makarantun ne suka fi kowa shiga sai aka ba su zaure daya yayin da zaure na gaba ya kasance na makarantun firamare da kwalejoji da jami’o’i. Wannan ya kawo wani ƙalubale na abun ciki. Fina-finan na kwalejojin sun kasance suna da abubuwan da ba su dace da yara ba wanda kwamitin gudanarwar ya yi alkawarin magancewa a shekara mai zuwa.

Abin mamaki ko da yake, matsayin fina-finai a cikin 2016 ya kasance mai ban mamaki. Wannan dai wata shaida ce da ke nuna cewa taron karawa juna ilimi na horar da malamai kan harkar fina-finai da aka gudanar a makarantar sakandiren ‘yan mata ta gidan gwamnati da ke birnin Nairobi ya samu sakamako mai kyau. Rukunin sakandare ya kasance mai gasa sosai tare da makarantu yadda ya kamata don samun manyan kyaututtuka. Makarantar sakandaren ‘yan mata ta Kangubiri ta sami nasara a labarin almara na kimiyya mai taken ''Komawa Duniya Duniya''. Labarin na game da tsarar yaran Afirka ne da aka kwashe zuwa wata duniyar da ke cikin taurarin Andromeda kafin yakin duniya na uku ya barke. Shekaru ɗari huɗu nan gaba manyan jikokinsu, waɗanda a lokacin suka ci gaba sosai a fannin fasaha sun dawo don koyo daga duniyar da ba ta da kyau. Makarantar sakandaren ‘yan mata ta gidan gwamnati ta fito ''da ‘yar shugaban'' makarantar labarin wata yarinya da malamai da dalibai har ma da ma’aikata suka yi mata kaca-kaca saboda diyar shugaban makarantar ce wanda hakan ya kai ta shiga wani yunƙuri na boye. Makarantar Sakandare ta Kagumo ita ce makarantar samari mafi kyau ta zo na uku da wani fim mai suna ''Wutar sha’awa'' wanda ya binciko yadda rashin da’a na iyaye ke haifar da dauke hankalin yara a makaranta.

Hotunan sun inganta sosai tare da makarantar sakandaren ƴan mata ta Maryhill ta dauki lambar yabo ta manyan alkalai tare ''da fim din The Unspoken'' game da yadda cin zarafi ke shafar yarinyar. Cibiyoyi da yawa sun saka hannun jari sosai a cikin shirin. Rawar allo da ayar choral na allo duk da haka suna da rauni suna buƙatar ƙarin ƙwarewa.

Makarantun firamare sun inganta a shekarar 2016. Elimu Academy ta samu lambar yabo ta fim ɗinsu ta ''Tamasha'' game da radadin wata yarinya da mahaifinta soja ya je kasar Somaliya domin wanzar da zaman lafiya. Rockside Academy ya binciko tasirin iyayen da ba su nan akan yara a ''Basu Sake'' . Makarantar Firamare ta Kayole Daya ta samar da ''Unknown Mala'iku'' game da wani yaro da ba shi da ilimin lissafi amma wanda wasu yara maza biyu da ba a san su ba, waɗanda mala'iku ne ke koya musu sirrin lissafi.

Kolejoji da jami'o'i sun sami ƙarancin fitowar jama'a a cikin 2016. Kwalejin koyarwa ta Asumbi, Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Tambach, Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Machakos da Kwalejin Malamai ta Shanzu ne suka mamaye kwalejojin malamai da fina-finai masu inganci.

Daga cikin manyan kwalejoji na Cibiyar Sadarwa ta Kenya da kwalejin sufurin jiragen sama na [[Mombasa]] sun mamaye.

Jami'o'in sun sanya matakan yarda tare da jami'ar Moi, jami'ar Maseno, jami'ar Mount Kenya da Jami'ar Nairobi suna gabatar da fina-finai. Cikakken jerin duk cibiyoyin da suka shiga suna cikin wiki tebur 3 da 4 a gefen dama na wannan shafin : (Fim din Makarantar Sakandare)
[[File:Web_table_wiki_3.pdf|thumb]]
 (Cibiyoyin ECD, Makarantun Firamare, Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i)

* (ECDs - Cibiyoyin Yara na Farko)

Ma'aikatar Ilimi a halin yanzu tana binciken yuwuwar rarraba fina-finan ta kwararrun kamfanoni a kasuwar Kenya. Kwamitin gudanarwar ya kuma ƙaddamar da wata mujallar fina-finai mai suna The Edufilmer, wadda ke yaɗuwa a makarantu ta jami’ar Nairobi.

Ko da yake fim shi ne sabon salo a bikin wasan kwaikwayo, an tsara shi zai yi tasiri sosai a fagen wasan kwaikwayo a fagen ƙwararru a cikin sinimar Kenya. Filin fina-finan na Kenya yana da ƙwararru da yawa waɗanda suka koya a kan aikin ta hanyar ziyartar gidajen samarwa daga wajen ƙasar. Wannan bikin fina-finai na makarantu yana ba da damar fara horar da masu shirya fina-finai na ilimi ta hanyar dubban ɗaliban da suka fara gabatar da fina-finai a matakin makaranta. Wannan tabbas zai zama mai canza wasa har ma da abin da waɗannan ɗalibai da ɗalibai suka yi tuntuɓe a cikin 2016. Ana iya samun wasu tirelolin fina-finai na makarantun a Makarantun Kenya, Kwalejoji da Fina-finan Jami'o'i akan YouTube.

A birnin Nairobi an kafa gidauniyar Hot Sun Foundation don taimakawa wajen horarwa da fallasa hazaƙar matasan da ke rayuwa a fagagen talauci da ilimantar da su a harkar fina-finai, wasan kwaikwayo, rubutun rubutu, aikin kamara. Gidauniyar ce ta dauki nauyin shirya fina-finai irin su Kibera Kid.
[[File:Hotsunfoundation.jpg|right|thumb|245x245px| Masu sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo na Kenya a wajen ofisoshin Hot Sun Foundation a Kibera, Nairobi]]

== Fina-finai ==
 

=== Fina-finan da aka zaɓa ===

* 1981 - ''Rise and Fall of Idi Amin''
* 1999 - ''To Walk with Lions''
* 2005 - ''The Constant Gardener''
* 2006 - ''I Want to Be a Pilot''
* 2006 - ''Kibera Kid''
* 2008 - ''From a Whisper''
* 2009 - ''Shuga'' (TV series)
* 2010 - ''The First Grader''
* 2010 - ''Pumzi''
* 2011 - ''The Rugged Priest''
* 2012 - ''Nairobi Half Life''
* 2013 - ''Something Necessary''
* 2014 - ''House of Lungula''
* 2014 - ''Fundi-Mentals''
* 2014 - ''Veve''
* 2015 - ''Intellectual Scum''
* 2015 - ''Mizizi''
* 2018 - Supa Modo
* 2018 - Rafiki

== Bikin fina-finai ==
Kyautar Kwalejin Riverwood ta fara ne da Gasar Premier a ranar 15 ga Maris 2014 a Alliance Francais Nairobi Kenya. Riverwood Ensemble ne ya shirya taron, taron masu shirya fina-finai sama da 200 daga ko'ina cikin Kenya. Furodusan mutane ne masu cin gashin kansu waɗanda ke yin fim ɗin Kenya na gida 100%. 

''Allon na Lola Kenya na'' shekara-shekara (wanda kuma aka sani da Lola Kenya Child's Screen) bikin watsa labarai na audiovisual, shirin haɓaka fasaha da kasuwa ga yara da matasa a gabashin Afirka an kafa shi ta hanyar ƙwararren ɗan kasuwa da al'adu, ɗan jarida mai fasaha da al'adu kuma marubuci mai ƙirƙira Ogova Ondego a watan Oktoba. 2005.

An samo sunanta daga kalmar Bantu da ke nufin kallo ko kallon fina-finai a Kenya, an gudanar da bugu na farko na bikin a [[Nairobi]] tsakanin 7 zuwa 12 ga Agusta 2006. Buga na gaba sun gudana daga 6-11 ga Agusta 2007; 11–16 ga Agusta 2008; 10-15 Agusta 2009; 9-14 ga Agusta 2010; da kuma 8-13 Agusta 2011; a cikin wannan tsari. Allon Lola Kenya yana mai da hankali kan fina-finai ta, da kuma tare da yara da matasa inda aka baiwa yara damar shiga cikin zaɓin fim, gabatar da shirye-shirye, juri na fina-finai, da kuma yin gajerun fina-finai.

Bayan taron farko a shekara ta 2006, ''Fina-Finan Yara na Yara'', na farko na gajeriyar raye-rayen da aka yi ya sami babbar lambar yabo a taron koli na 5 na duniya kan kafofin watsa labarai na yara /bikin 1st Kids for Kids Africa, kuma ya ci gaba da nunawa a cikin kasashe irin wannan. kamar yadda Jamus, [[Poland]], [[Finland]], [[Kenya]], Australia, China, [[Denmark]], [[Brazil]] da sauran ƙasashen Afirka kamar su Afirka ta Kudu, [[Ruwanda]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], [[Uganda]], [[Jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya Kwango|Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango]] da [[Senegal]] . 

Fim na biyu, na fina-finai uku da wakoki uku mai suna ''African Folk Tales Animated'', an nuna shi a duk nahiyoyin da suka haɗa da Osheniya kuma ya karbi lambobin yabo guda uku-Mafi Kyawawan Ayyuka, Kyautar Jury na Musamman, Babban Kyautar Afirka - a Afirka da Turai. . An yi fim na uku, ''Africa-i-Motion'', a cikin 2008 kuma a halin yanzu yana kan da'irar fina-finai na yara da matasa. 
[[File:Making1.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Fim ɗin Kibera Kid wanda aka saita akan ƙauyen Kibera, Nairobi a cikin 2006.]]
Bikin yana ba wa yara masu sha'awar damar yin haɗin gwiwa tare da abokan hulɗa na duniya da kuma ilmantar da su a cikin fina-finai, rubuce-rubucen wasan kwaikwayo, harkar Sinima, da kuma a sashen fasaha da kuma samar da sauti. Babban dandalin watsa labarai na audiovisual na gabacin Afirka na yara da matasa, Lola Kenya Screen ya baje kolin fina-finai sama da 1950 daga kasashe 102 na kasashe 102 da ke wakiltar dukkanin nahiyoyi shida a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban, tsari da tsawo. Bugu da ƙari, Lola Kenya Screen ya jagoranci yara 154 da matasa a harkar fim, aikin jarida na al'adu, shari'ar fina-finai, MCeeing, shirya wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin da shirya fina-finai na yara da matasa. 

Allon Lola Kenya na 3 (11 – 16 ga Agusta 2008), ya ja hankalin mahalarta daga Kenya, Uganda, Tanzaniya, da Zimbabwe, tare da duk mahalartan da suka shigo don kallon fina-finai iri-iri daga kasashe 56 da kuma samar da dabarun shirya fina-finai. godiya da yin hukunci akan samar da kafofin watsa labarai na audiovisual, gabatar da shirye-shirye da kuma tattara rahotannin yau da kullun kan bikin. An yi la'akari da allo na Lola Kenya a matsayin motsi wanda ke amfani da fasaha masu dacewa da samuwa don sadar da abun ciki na kafofin watsa labaru na audiovisual wanda ya dace, haɓakawa, nishadantarwa da inganta ilmantarwa tsakanin yara da matasa don inganta ilimin karatu, daidaiton jinsi, tunani mai zaman kansa, ƴancin ɗan adam, alhakin muhalli da kuma lafiyar duniya.

Ta hanyar shirye-shiryenta, Lola Kenya Screen tana bincika, ganowa da haɓaka hazaka a tsakanin yara da matasa a fannoni kamar aikin jarida, yin fim, ƙima da godiya, da tsari da gabatar da al'adu da ƙirƙira. Wannan yana da nufin ba yara da matasa ƙwarewa don fahimta, godiya, da ƙirƙira ingantattun shirye-shiryen bidiyo na gani musamman da fasaha gabaɗaya. Yayin da gidan Jarida na Bikin na da nufin daukaka matsayin aikin jarida na kirkire-kirkire da al'adu a gabashin Afirka, taron karawa juna sani na karfafawa yara da matasa damar yin hotuna masu inganci, masu ƙarancin kasafin Kuɗi, akalla guda biyar a kowace shekara.

Gabatarwar Shirin, kamar yadda taken ya nuna, yana ƙarfafa yara da matasa don tsarawa da gabatar da abubuwa da shirye-shirye. Irin waɗannan yara galibi su ne ke jagorantar shirin a cikin kwanaki shida na bikin. Hukumar alkalan Fina-Finai, a daya ɓangaren, tana neman cusa wa mahalarta dabarun da za su yaba da kuma tantance kere-kere gaba daya da kuma fim musamman. Membobin juri suna kallo kuma suna ba da fina-finai a cikin gasa. Jury na allo na Lola Kenya na hukuma ya ƙunshi yara da matasa kawai. Dangane da sanin cewa sai dai idan ba a wayar da kan manya ba don ƙirƙirar ga yara da yara, manufar sanya yara da matasa a cikin ajandar jama'a na iya zama mai son girbi, Lola Kenya Screen 2008 kuma ya yi aiki tare da masu yin fina-finai a cikin samar da shirye-shiryen bidiyo ga yara da matasa. .  An shirya allo na Lola Kenya na 7 don 6-11 ga Agusta 2012.

== Hotunan da aka yi a Kenya ==
[[File:TS-ONSET-small2.jpg|thumb| Nasarawa alama fim ''togetherness Koli'' a Kibera da tare da ha] in gwiwar tare da Kibera matasa sana'o'in.]]
Fim ɗin ''Maasai: The Rain Warriors'' an haɗaukehi gabaɗaya a cikin Kenya amma ya jefa wasu mayaka na Maasai na cikin gida waɗanda suka yi magana da tattaunawar Maa a cikin fim ɗin zane-zane. Fina-finan sun ba da labarin wani gungun matasa mayaƙan Maasai, Lomotoon da Merono da aka aika zuwa ƙasar Kenya da ƙafa, suna farautar wani zaki na tatsuniya da ke da alhakin kawo babban fari, kuma ta yin hakan ya dawo da ruwan sama. .  KaƘin bayani anan.

Fim ɗin ya kawo yanayin karkarar Kenya zuwa allon azurfa kuma ya haɗa waƙar Maasai ta gargajiya tare da kade-kade na kade-kade. An haɓaka shi tare da haɗin gwiwar al'ummar Maasai, kuma an yi amfani da ainihin al'ada da tatsuniyoyi a matsayin tushen labarin kuma an yi amfani da ƙabilu daga yankin Loita Hills ba tare da wani tsohon aikin wasan kwaikwayo ba. 

An yi fim ɗin Togetherness Supreme a 2009 &amp;#x2013; 2010 gaba ɗaya tare da haɗin gwiwar matasan Kibera. Labari ne da ya danganci abubuwan da suka faru a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da aka yi a Kenya a shekara ta 2007. Labari ne na Kamau, mai fasaha, mai kishirwar canji. Yana amfani da fasaharsa wajen kawo sauyi, amma ba da jimawa ba ya shiga cikin al'amuran da suka haifar da tashin hankalin bayan zaɓen 2007/8. 

Fim ɗin na 1985, ''Out of Africa'' tare da Meryl Streep da Robert Redford an yi shi ne a Kenya kuma ya bayyana tarihin mulkin mallaka na Kenya a cikin fim ɗin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya. Ya sake ba da labarin soyayyar marubucin Danish [[Karen Blixen]] da Kenya da Hunter Denys Finch Hatton musamman. A cikin 1999, an ɗauki fim ɗin Kanada a Kenya, ''Don Tafiya tare da Zakuna'' .

An zaɓi fim ɗin 2012 na ''Nairobi Half Life'' a matsayin shigarwar Kenya don Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Harshen Waje a 85th Academy Awards, amma ba a zaɓe shi ba. Wannan ne karon farko da Kenya ta gabatar da wani fim ga rukunin. An karɓi fim ɗin tare da yabo mai mahimmanci, kuma ya sami lambobin yabo guda biyar zuwa yau: Mafi kyawun Hoto a Kyawun 2012 Kalasha Film Awards, Best Actor at Durban International Film Festival, nasara mai sauraro a AFI Fest  da kuma lambar yabo ta masu sauraro a biyu. lambobin yabo na fim daban-daban; bikin Fina-finan Afirka na London da bikin di Cinema Africano.

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.kiberakid.com ''Kibera Kid'' official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713145427/http://www.kiberakid.com/ |date=2011-07-13 }}
* {{YouTube|id=mSV6aW4-sOQ&amp;v3|title=News report on ''Kibera Kid''}}  
* [http://www.filmingkenya.com Hukumar Fina-finai ta Kenya]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080321053132/http://www.filmservices.go.ke/ Ba da lasisin fim a Kenya]
* [http://www.riverwooensemble.com Ƙungiyar Riverwood]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4060184/?ref_=ttfc_fc_dr1 Robby Bresson]
[[Category:Kenya]]
[[Category:Sinima a Afrika]]
[[Category:Shafuka masu Fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Fina-finan Nollywood</title>
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'''[[Nollywood|Finfinan Nollywood]]'''  [[Talabijin|tashar talabijin]] ce ta yanar gizo ta biyan kuɗi ta yanar gizo,  wacce aka taɓa watsawa a cikin [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] akan tashar Sky 327.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nollywoodmovies.tv/|title=Site Offline|website=nollywoodmovies.tv|accessdate=Feb 18, 2020|archive-date=February 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214005615/http://nollywoodmovies.tv/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kowane wata tashar tana ba da sabbin [[Sinima a Najeriya|fina-finai 30 daban-daban da sabbin fina-finai na Najeriya]], sa'o'i 24 a rana. Ita ce tasha ta farko da ke aiki a Burtaniya. Fina-finan da ake bayarwa galibi cikin Ingilishi ne, tare da wasu subtitles, a nau'ikan wasan kwaikwayo da suka haɗa da wasan kwaikwayo, wasan ban dariya, soyayya, dangi, ban sha'awa, gargajiya,  fina-finan fantasy da na gaskiya. Ana ba da kuɗin tashar ta hanyar biyan kuɗi da talla.

An kuma ƙaddamar da Fina-finan Nollywood akan TalkTalk TV YouView a cikin 2013, akan tashar 477. Tashar ta kasance wani ɓangare na Ƙarfafa Talabijin na Afirka. Ya koma 557 akan 2 Yuni na shekarar 2015, amma an cire shi akan 30 Nuwamba 2015. An cire Fina-finan Nollywood daga dandalin Virgin Media a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 2018, kuma watsa shirye-shiryen tauraron ɗan adam ya ƙare a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://static.ofcom.org.uk/static/radiolicensing/html/tv/cs/tlcs001073ba2retromovies.htm|title=Ofcom &amp;#124; TV Cable and Satellite|website=static.ofcom.org.uk|accessdate=Feb 18, 2020|archive-date=January 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128013243/http://static.ofcom.org.uk/static/radiolicensing/html/tv/cs/tlcs001073ba2retromovies.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=https://123movieshub.red/ |title=123movieshub }} Wednesday, 5 June 2019&lt;/ref&gt;

== Magana ==
{{reflist}}
== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==
* {{Official website|www.nollywoodmovies.tv}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120101105042/http://www.nigeriamovienetwork.com/pages/what-is-nollywood.html Menene Nollywood?]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101220040546/http://www.nigeriamovienetwork.com/pages/history-of-nollywood.html Tarihin Nollywood]

[[Category:Sinima a Afrika]]
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'''[[Nollywood|Finfinan Nollywood]]'''  [[Talabijin|tashar talabijin]] ce ta yanar gizo ta biyan kuɗi ta yanar gizo,  wacce aka taɓa watsawa a cikin [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] akan tashar Sky 327.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nollywoodmovies.tv/|title=Site Offline|website=nollywoodmovies.tv|accessdate=Feb 18, 2020|archive-date=February 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214005615/http://nollywoodmovies.tv/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kowane wata tashar tana ba da sabbin [[Sinima a Najeriya|fina-finai 30 daban-daban da sabbin fina-finai na Najeriya]], sa'o'i 24 a rana. Ita ce tasha ta farko da ke aiki a Burtaniya. Fina-finan da ake bayarwa galibi cikin Ingilishi ne, tare da wasu subtitles, a nau'ikan wasan kwaikwayo da suka haɗa da wasan kwaikwayo, wasan ban dariya, soyayya, dangi, ban sha'awa, gargajiya,  fina-finan fantasy da na gaskiya. Ana ba da kuɗin tashar ta hanyar biyan kuɗi da talla.

An kuma ƙaddamar da Fina-finan Nollywood akan TalkTalk TV YouView a cikin 2013, akan tashar 477. Tashar ta kasance wani ɓangare na Ƙarfafa Talabijin na Afirka. Ya koma 557 akan 2 Yuni na shekarar 2015, amma an cire shi akan 30 Nuwamban shekarar 2015. An cire Fina-finan Nollywood daga dandalin Virgin Media a ranar 22 ga Fabrairun shekarar 2018, kuma watsa shirye-shiryen tauraron ɗan adam ya ƙare a ranar 1 ga Mayun shekara ta 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://static.ofcom.org.uk/static/radiolicensing/html/tv/cs/tlcs001073ba2retromovies.htm|title=Ofcom &amp;#124; TV Cable and Satellite|website=static.ofcom.org.uk|accessdate=Feb 18, 2020|archive-date=January 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128013243/http://static.ofcom.org.uk/static/radiolicensing/html/tv/cs/tlcs001073ba2retromovies.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=https://123movieshub.red/ |title=123movieshub }} Wednesday, 5 June 2019&lt;/ref&gt;

== Magana ==
{{reflist}}
== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==
* {{Official website|www.nollywoodmovies.tv}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120101105042/http://www.nigeriamovienetwork.com/pages/what-is-nollywood.html Menene Nollywood?]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101220040546/http://www.nigeriamovienetwork.com/pages/history-of-nollywood.html Tarihin Nollywood]

[[Category:Sinima a Afrika]]
[[Category:Fina-finai]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Selly Galley</title>
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[[Fayil:Galley - Les Origines de l'hôpital et de la Charité de Saint-Étienne, 1923.pdf|thumb|galley]]
'''Selly Galley''', (an haife ta ranar 25 ga watan Satumba 1987) a matsayin '''Selorm Galley-Fiawoo''' yar wasan Ghana ce kuma mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen TV. Ta kasance a kan Big Brother Africa (lokaci na 8).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/rapper-vector-big-brother-star-selly-galley-combine-awards-show-host/|title=Rapper, Vector and ex-Big Brother star, Selly Galley to combine as awards show host|date=2017-05-10|website=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghafla.com/gh/selly-galley-talks-about-mediocre-movie-producers/|title=Selly Galley Talks About Mediocre Movie Producers|last=Larbi-Amoah|first=Lawrencia|website=Ghafla! Ghana|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-20|archive-date=2019-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405073618/http://www.ghafla.com/gh/selly-galley-talks-about-mediocre-movie-producers/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00024674.html|title=Big Brother Africa - Eviction Fever Grips Housemates|last=|first=|date=2013-05-27|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104030459/https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00024674.html|archive-date=2021-11-04|access-date=|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ta auri Praye Tietia, tauraruwar hip hop 'yar Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://yen.com.gh/92571-i-ready-a-child-selly-galley.html|title=I am now ready to have a child - Selly Galley|last=Abubakari|first=Laila|date=2017-05-04|website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en|access-date=2018-12-20|archive-date=2018-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220230456/https://yen.com.gh/92571-i-ready-a-child-selly-galley.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Photos-Check-out-the-wedding-gown-of-Selly-Galley-384289|title=Photos: Check out the wedding gown of Selly Galley {{!}} Entertainment 2015-09-27|website=www.ghanaweb.com|access-date=2018-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Stub}} 

== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Haifaffun  1987]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>BoomBox (Gungun mawakan Ukraine)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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[[File:BoomBox_Toronto2015_2.JPG  |thumb|Yayin casun kungiyar a Toronto]] 
[[File:Pianoboy_in_Green_Theatre_with_Andriy_Khlyvnyuk_203647.jpg  |thumb| Yan kungiyar]][[File:Бумбокс_в_Одессе.jpg|thumb|BoomBox performing live in Odessa (2012) ]]
'''Boombox''' (kuma: БумБокс, Bumboks) mawakan casu ne (rock) na kasar Ukraine kuma ƙungiyar pop wanda mawaki  ya kafa a shekara ta 2004 da {{Interlanguage link|Andriy “Fly” Samoylo|uk|Самойло Андрій Михайлович}} na guitar. A cikin Afrilu shekarar dubu biyu da biyar 2005 ƙungiyar ta fitar da kundi na farko, wanda kawai ya ɗauki awanni 19 don yin rikodin.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Archived copy&quot;. Archived from the original on 2013-07-21. Retrieved 2014-07-08.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Suna gudanar da waƙoƙinsu galibi a Ukraine, to amma waƙoƙin cikin [[Rashanci]] da [[Turanci|Ingilishi]] kuma suna fitowa a cikin albam ɗinsu da ƙwararru. Sun yi nasara a birane da yawa a cikin ƙasar, ciki har da: Lviv,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;BOOMBOX in Lviv&quot;. ''concert.ua''. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 Feb2022.&lt;/ref&gt; Odessa,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;BOOMBOX in Odesa&quot;. ''concert.ua''. Archivedfrom the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 Feb 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; Kovel,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;BOOMBOX in Kovel&quot;. ''concert.ua''. Archivedfrom the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 Feb 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; Uzhhorod,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;BOOMBOX in Uzhorod&quot;. ''concert.ua''. Archivedfrom the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 Feb 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; kuma kwanan nan a [[Kiev|Kyiv]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;BOOMBOX Christmas concert in Kyiv&quot;. ''concert.ua''. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 Feb 2022&lt;/ref&gt; a farkon 2022. Ƙungiyar ta kuma yi wasan kwaikwayo na duniya, a cikin Turai, Amurka, da Canada.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;About The Artist&quot;. ''concert.ua''. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 Feb2022.&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2015 sun gudanar da balaguron cika shekaru goma a Arewacin Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Boombox / Бумбокс&quot;. 2016-10-31. Retrieved 2022-03-15.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tun lokacin da Russia ta mamaye Crimea a shekara ta 2014 ƙungiyar ta daina yin wasan kwaikwayo a [[Rasha|Russia.]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ukrainian Beats Steal a March on Moscow&quot;. 21 April 2017. Archived from the original on 3 March 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;  Bayan fara [[Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine na 2022|mamayewar 2022 na Rasha a Ukraine]], babban mawaki Andriy Khlyvnyuk na ɗaya daga cikin manyan mashahuran Ukrain da suka shiga yaƙi da Russia.&lt;ref&gt;Smith, Ryan (February 28, 2022). &quot;Ukrainian Boxers, Model, Hip-Hop Star Join Fight Against Russia&quot;. ''Newsweek''. Archived from the original on March 1, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:MRPL City 2017 - День 3 (48).jpg|thumb|BoomBox]]
Dan wasa Andrii Khlyvniuk ya yi waƙar jama'ar Ukrainian &quot; Oh, mai fure a cikin makiyaya &quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Морі, Євгеній (2022-02-28). &quot;Лідер &quot;Бумбокс&quot; співає &quot;Ой, у лузі червона калина&quot;&quot;. ''Суспільне | Новини'' (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2022-03-15.&lt;/ref&gt; Mawakin The Kiffness domin ya goyi bayan Ukraine yayi remix.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Kiffness goes viral! Check out his Ukrainian folk song [video]&quot;. ''The South African''. 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-15.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Login • Instagram&quot;. ''www.instagram.com''. Retrieved 2022-03-15.&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Wakoki ==

* Меломанія (Melomania) (2005)
* Iyali Бізнес (Kasuwancin Iyali) (2006)
* III (2008)
* Всё включено (An haɗa duka) (2010)
* Середній Вiк (Tsakiya) (2011)
* Термінал Б (Terminal B) (2013)
* Голий Король (Karkin Tsirara) (2017)
* Таємний код. Рубікон, Частина 1 (2019)
* Таємний код Рубікон, Ч. 2 (2019)

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.last.fm/music/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81 Boombox akan last.fm]
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Kungiyar waka da aka kirkira a 2004]]
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[[File:BoomBox_Toronto2015_2.JPG  |thumb|Yayin casun kungiyar a Toronto]] 
[[File:Pianoboy_in_Green_Theatre_with_Andriy_Khlyvnyuk_203647.jpg  |thumb| Yan kungiyar]][[File:Бумбокс_в_Одессе.jpg|thumb|BoomBox performing live in Odessa (2012) ]]
'''Boombox''' (kuma: БумБокс, Bumboks) mawakan casu ne (rock) na kasar Ukraine kuma ƙungiyar pop wanda mawaki  ya kafa a shekara ta 2004 da {{Interlanguage link|Andriy “Fly” Samoylo|uk|Самойло Андрій Михайлович}} na guitar. A cikin Afrilu shekarar dubu biyu da biyar 2005 ƙungiyar ta fitar da kundi na farko, wanda kawai ya ɗauki awanni 19 don yin rikodin.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Archived copy&quot;. Archived from the original on 2013-07-21. Retrieved 2014-07-08.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Suna gudanar da waƙoƙinsu galibi a Ukraine, to amma waƙoƙin cikin [[Rashanci]] da [[Turanci|Ingilishi]] kuma suna fitowa a cikin albam ɗinsu da ƙwararru. Sun yi nasara a birane da yawa a cikin ƙasar, ciki har da: Lviv,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;BOOMBOX in Lviv&quot;. ''concert.ua''. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 Feb2022.&lt;/ref&gt; Odessa,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;BOOMBOX in Odesa&quot;. ''concert.ua''. Archivedfrom the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 Feb 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; Kovel,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;BOOMBOX in Kovel&quot;. ''concert.ua''. Archivedfrom the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 Feb 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; Uzhhorod,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;BOOMBOX in Uzhorod&quot;. ''concert.ua''. Archivedfrom the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 Feb 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; kuma kwanan nan a [[Kiev|Kyiv]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;BOOMBOX Christmas concert in Kyiv&quot;. ''concert.ua''. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 Feb 2022&lt;/ref&gt; a farkon 2022. Ƙungiyar ta kuma yi wasan kwaikwayo na duniya, a cikin Turai, Amurka, da Canada.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;About The Artist&quot;. ''concert.ua''. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 Feb2022.&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2015 sun gudanar da balaguron cika shekaru goma a Arewacin Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Boombox / Бумбокс&quot;. 2016-10-31. Retrieved 2022-03-15.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tun lokacin da Russia ta mamaye Crimea a shekara ta 2014 ƙungiyar ta daina yin wasan kwaikwayo a [[Rasha|Russia.]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ukrainian Beats Steal a March on Moscow&quot;. 21 April 2017. Archived from the original on 3 March 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;  Bayan fara [[Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine na 2022|mamayewar 2022 na Rasha a Ukraine]], babban mawaki Andriy Khlyvnyuk na ɗaya daga cikin manyan mashahuran Ukrain da suka shiga yaƙi da Russia.&lt;ref&gt;Smith, Ryan (February 28, 2022). &quot;Ukrainian Boxers, Model, Hip-Hop Star Join Fight Against Russia&quot;. ''Newsweek''. Archived from the original on March 1, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:MRPL City 2017 - День 3 (48).jpg|thumb|BoomBox]]
Dan wasa Andrii Khlyvniuk ya yi waƙar jama'ar Ukrainian &quot; Oh, mai fure a cikin makiyaya &quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Морі, Євгеній (2022-02-28). &quot;Лідер &quot;Бумбокс&quot; співає &quot;Ой, у лузі червона калина&quot;&quot;. ''Суспільне | Новини'' (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2022-03-15.&lt;/ref&gt; Mawakin The Kiffness domin ya goyi bayan Ukraine yayi remix.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Kiffness goes viral! Check out his Ukrainian folk song [video]&quot;. ''The South African''. 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-15.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Login • Instagram&quot;. ''www.instagram.com''. Retrieved 2022-03-15.&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Waƙoƙi ==

* Меломанія (Melomania) (2005)
* Iyali Бізнес (Kasuwancin Iyali) (2006)
* III (2008)
* Всё включено (An haɗa duka) (2010)
* Середній Вiк (Tsakiya) (2011)
* Термінал Б (Terminal B) (2013)
* Голий Король (Karkin Tsirara) (2017)
* Таємний код. Рубікон, Частина 1 (2019)
* Таємний код Рубікон, Ч. 2 (2019)

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.last.fm/music/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81 Boombox akan last.fm]
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Kungiyar waka da aka kirkira a 2004]]
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    <title>Yanayin gudanar da muhalli a Brazil</title>
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[[File:Lagoa_Gustavo_Braga_06.jpg  |thumb| Brazil]]
[[File:Cop26_1513_(51655698305).jpg  |thumb| Taro game da lamarin]] 
Gudanar da muhalli ra'ayi ne a manufofin [[Muhalli, Lafiya da kariya|muhalli]] wanda ke jagorantar kasuwanni, [[fasaha]] da al'umma dan cimma burin dorewa. Yana la'akari da al'amuran zamantakewa, [[tattalin arziki]] da muhalli a cikin yanke shawara na manufofinsa.
[[Fayil:BRA orthographic.svg|thumb]]
A halin yanzu ƙasar [[Brazil]] tana tasowa cikin saurin gaske, kasashe irin su [[Sin|China]] da [[Indiya]] ne kawai ke aiwatar da su, duka ta fuskar cigaban tattalin arziki &lt;ref name=&quot;UN, 2010&quot;&gt;UN (2010). World Economic Situation and Prospects 2010 [online] Available at: http://www.un.org/esa/policy/wess/wesp2010files/pr_en2010.pdf [Accessed 14 May 2011]&lt;/ref&gt; da farfadowa bayan rikicin kudi na duniya a ƙarshen shekarata 2000s.  Maganar cewa &quot;Brazil ita ce kasa a gaba. kuma za ta kasance&quot; ta cikin Brazil a shekaru da yawa.  Amma sauye-sauyen manufofin tattalin arziki na baya-bayan nan, da aka yi tun kafuwar sabuwar jamhuriyar, sun baiwa Brazil damar fara samun amincewar kasashen duniya. An kwatanta hakan ne lokacin da shugaban [[Barack Obama|Amurka Barack Obama]] ya bayyana cewa &quot;Ya kamata jama'ar Brazil su san cewa gaba ta zo&quot; a ziyarar da ya kai [[Rio de Janeiro]] a watan Maris na 2011.  Har ila yau, ba a kiran Brazil a m shekarata atsayin ƙasa mai tasowa, amma a matsayin ƙasa mai tasowa, sabuwar ƙasa mai masana'antu (NIC) kuma a matsayin memba na tattalin arzikin BRIC . Sanna kuma Amma tare da wannan saurin haɓakar tattalin arziƙin yana da nauyi mai yawa ta fuskar dorewa. Ci gaban tattalin arzikin Brazil yana samun goyon bayan babban bukatar albarkatun kasa daga kasar Sin, albarkatun da Brazil ke da su. Kuma A halin yanzu Brazil na samun nasarar daidaita bukatun masana'antun kasar Sin, kuma a halin yanzu ana zuba jari mai yawa don dorewar wannan bukatu daga kasar Sin, Brazil na gina sabbin tashoshin jiragen ruwa da filayen jiragen sama, tare da kara karfin na yanzu.&lt;ref name=&quot;UN, 2010&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mussa, 2010&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Mussa |first1=Michael |author-link1=Michael Mussa |title=Global Economic Prospects for 2010 and 2011: Global Recovery Continues |url=https://www.piie.com/publications/papers/mussa0410.pdf |access-date=28 May 2020 |work=[[Peterson Institute for International Economics]] |issue=Paper presented at the 17th semiannual meeting on Global Economic Prospects |date=8 April 2010 |archive-date=27 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227084904/https://piie.com/publications/papers/mussa0410.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Duk da haka, wannan ɗimbin hakar albarkatun ƙasa yana zuwa a kan farashi ga yanayin yanayi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Luparia, 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Luparia|first1=Sebastian|title=The Future Is Now: Why Brazil may be the strongest BRIC|url=https://www.jpmorgan.com/cm/Satellite?blobcol=urldata&amp;blobheader=application%2Fpdf&amp;blobkey=id&amp;blobtable=MungoBlobs&amp;blobwhere=1158630205842&amp;ssbinary=true|access-date=11 July 2014|work=J.P. Morgan Asset Management|date=August 2009|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304024725/https://www.jpmorgan.com/cm/Satellite?blobcol=urldata&amp;blobheader=application/pdf&amp;blobkey=id&amp;blobtable=MungoBlobs&amp;blobwhere=1158630205842&amp;ssbinary=true|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsohuwar Ministar Muhalli Marina Silva ta yi murabus a shekara ta 2008 saboda tana jin gwamnatin Brazil tana ba da fifiko ga muradun manyan ‘yan kasuwa da tattalin arziki, kuma tana jin cewa tana fafutukar rashin nasara wajen kare yawancin mahalli na Brazil, gami da dajin Amazon Rainforest.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carrenho, 2011&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Carrenho|first1=Carlo|title=Brazil Is the Country of the Future, and the Future is Now|url=http://publishingperspectives.com/2011/04/brazil-country-of-the-future/|work=Publishing Perspectives|date=21 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Duk da wadannan ikirari, an yaba wa Brazil saboda kokarin da take yi na dorewar muhalli da kuma yunƙurin rage hayakin da take fitarwa .  &lt;ref name=&quot;Earth Times, 2009&quot;&gt;[http://www.clima.md/libview.php?l=en&amp;idc=76&amp;id=169 &quot;Brazil aims to reduce CO2 emission by almost 40 per cent&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723103842/http://www.clima.md/libview.php?l=en&amp;id=169&amp;idc=76 |date=2014-07-23 }}, ''Earth Times'', 15 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;  Gwamnatin Brazil ta kirkiro Ma'aikatar Muhalli (MMA) a cikin shakarar 1985 kuma bayan haka, an ƙirƙiri ƙungiyoyi, kamar IBAMA a cikin shekarata 1989, da nufin kare yanayin yanayi. Har ila yau, Brazil ta hau kujerar na gaba dangane da harkokin gudanar da muhalli ta duniya ta hanyar samar da hadin gwiwa tare da jagorantar kungiyar kasashe masu ra'ayi na Megadiverse, wanda ya hada da kashi 70% na rayayyun halittu na duniya da kashi 45% na al'ummar duniya. 

== Manufar Muhalli ta Kasa ==
A cikin 1981, gwamnatin Brazil ta aiwatar da Dokar Muhalli ta Kasa (NEP), ta hanyar Dokar No. 6938. &lt;ref name=&quot;Brasil, 1981&quot;&gt;Brasil, Leis (1981). Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente, lei n. 6938 de 31 de agosto de 1981. Dispõe sobre a Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente, seus fins e mecanismos de formulação e aplicação. Legislação Federal, Controle da Poluição Ambiental. Série Documentos. São Paulo: CETESB&lt;/ref&gt; Babban makasudin wannan manufar ita ce kafa ka'idojin da ke ba da damar ci gaba mai dorewa, ta hanyar amfani da dabaru da kayan aikin da ke da ikon tabbatar da kariya ga muhalli. NEP ta ƙunshi batutuwan muhalli da yawa, gami da ma'anar ma'auni, lasisi, kimanta tasirin muhalli, wurare na musamman don adanawa, abubuwan ƙarfafawa don samarwa mai tsabta, da yanki na muhalli.  An haɓaka ƙa'idodin wannan manufar ta hanyar ƙa'idodi da tsare-tsare don jagorantar ƙungiyoyin jama'a na tarayyar Brazil, daidai da ƙa'idodi goma da aka bayyana a cikin labarin.&amp;nbsp;2 na Shari'a 6938. Wadannan ka’idoji sune kamar haka:  &lt;ref name=&quot;Brasil, 1981&quot; /&gt;

* Matakin gwamnati na kiyaye daidaiton muhalli, la'akari da muhalli a matsayin kadarorin jama'a da ya kamata a tabbatar da shi kuma a kiyaye shi, bisa la'akarin amfani da hadin gwiwa;
* Amfani mai ma'ana na ƙasa, ƙasa, ruwa da iska;
* Tsara da kulawa da amfani da albarkatun muhalli;
* Kariyar yanayin muhalli, adana wuraren wakilci;
* Sarrafa da rarraba ayyukan gurɓatawa ko yuwuwar gurbatawa;
* Ƙarfafawa don nazari da fasaha na bincike don amfani da hankali da kare albarkatun muhalli;
* Kula da yanayin ingancin muhalli;
* Maido da wuraren da suka lalace;
* Kare wuraren da aka yi barazanar lalacewa;
* Ilimin muhalli a duk matakan ilimi, gami da ilimin al'umma, an yi niyya don ba su damar shiga tsakani a cikin kare muhalli

An gabatar da kayan aiki goma sha biyu na Dokar Muhalli ta ƙasa da ake amfani da su don haɓaka kariyar muhalli a cikin labarin&amp;nbsp;9 na Shari'a, kuma sune kamar haka: &lt;ref name=&quot;Brasil, 1981&quot;&gt;Brasil, Leis (1981). Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente, lei n. 6938 de 31 de agosto de 1981. Dispõe sobre a Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente, seus fins e mecanismos de formulação e aplicação. Legislação Federal, Controle da Poluição Ambiental. Série Documentos. São Paulo: CETESB&lt;/ref&gt; 

* Kafa ka'idojin ingancin muhalli;
* Tsarin muhalli;
* Ƙimar tasirin muhalli;
* Ba da lasisi da bitar ayyuka masu tasiri ko masu yuwuwar gurɓatawa;
* Abubuwan ƙarfafawa don samarwa da shigar da kayan aiki da ƙirƙira ko ɗaukar fasahar da aka tsara don haɓaka ingancin muhalli;
* Ƙirƙirar yankuna masu kariya ta musamman ta tarayya, gwamnatocin jihohi da na gundumomi, kamar wuraren kare muhalli masu mahimmancin sha'awar muhalli da tanadin cirewa; (Rubutun da aka gyara ta Doka Lamba 7804 na 18.07.89)
* Tsarin ƙasa na bayanan muhalli;
* Rijistar Fasaha ta Tarayya na Ayyuka da Kayayyakin Tsaron Muhalli;
* Hukunce-hukuncen ladabtarwa ga gazawar sanya matakan da suka dace don rigakafi da gyara lalata muhalli.
* Ƙaddamar da Rahoton Ingantattun Muhalli, wanda IBAMA za ta buga kowace shekara (Abin da aka ƙara da Dokar Lamba 7.804 na 18.07.89)
* Don tabbatar da samar da bayanan da suka shafi muhalli, da kuma tabbatar da gwamnati ta samar da su a lokacin da ba su nan; (Abin da aka ƙara ta Doka Lamba 7.804 na 18.07.89)
* Rijistar Fasaha ta Tarayya na ayyuka masu yuwuwar gurbatawa da/ko waɗanda ke amfani da albarkatun muhalli. (Abin da aka ƙara ta Doka Lamba 7.804 na 18.07.89)

== Tsarin Muhalli na Kasa ==
Brazil ita ce kasa ta biyar a duniya don haka ta tabbatar da cewa an samu cigaban tattalin arziki ta hanyar da ta dace kuma ba ta haifar da gurbacewar muhalli wani babban aiki ne. Kuma Don magance wannan, NEP ta kirkiro tsarin kula da muhalli na kasa (SISNAMA), wanda ya hada hukumomi da cibiyoyin kula da muhalli na kungiyar, jahohi, [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] da gundumomi na tarayya, wanda babban manufarsa shi ne samar da ka'idoji da ka'idoji da suka dace. Kundin tsarin mulki ne ya sanya shi.  Shugaban tsarin wannan tsarin shine Majalisar Gwamnatin Kasa, wacce ita ce babbar hukumar ba da shawara, ta shugaban kasar Brazil, don tsara ka'idoji da manufofin muhalli na kasa. Kuma A ƙasan wannan akwai Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Ƙasa (CONAMA), wacce ita ce hukumar da ke ba da shawara ga gwamnatin ƙasa da kuma yin shawarwari kan dokoki da ka'idojin da suka dace don kare muhalli, wanda dole ne gwamnatocin jihohi da na kananan hukumomi su bi. Bayan haka kuma Ma’aikatar Muhalli (MMA) ta zo, wacce ke tsarawa, daidaitawa, kulawa da kuma kula da manufofin muhalli na kasa da ka’idojin da aka kafa don muhalli, tare da gudanar da aikin hada kan hukumomi da hukumomi daban-daban da suka hada da SISNAMA. An ɗaure shi da MMA ita ce Cibiyar Muhalli da Sabunta Albarkatun Ƙasa ta Brazil (IBAMA), wacce ke tsarawa, daidaitawa, kulawa, kulawa, haɓakawa da aiwatar da NEP da adanawa da adana albarkatun ƙasa. Sannan Kuma a karshe, a kasan tsarin SISNAMA akwai hukumomin kananan hukumomi da na jihohi da ke da alhakin duba ayyukan lalata muhalli da aiwatar da shirye-shirye, ayyuka da sa ido kan ayyukan da ke cutar da muhalli.

== Kalubale ==
Har yanzu yanayin yanayin Brazil yana fama da sakamakon mummunar manufar ma'amalar jama'a da ci gaban tattalin arziki da aka kirkira ta hanyar dabarun hadewar yanki, wanda aka aiwatar a lokacin gwamnatin soja daga shekarata 1964 zuwa 1985.  Manufar hakan ita ce a sassauta matsin lambar da jama'a ke fuskanta a yankin kudu maso gabashin Brazil mai yawan jama'a, don samar da ayyukan yi da kuma amfani da dimbin albarkatun kasa na Brazil. Wannan ya kawo yawancin ƙaura zuwa Basin Amazon (musamman a cikin jihohin Rondônia, Mato Grosso, da Pará ), da kuma kayan aikin gine-gine da kuma fadada garin da suka zo tare da wannan ƙaura ya sanya matsin lamba a kan gandun daji na Amazon, wanda ya sha wahala sosai. [[Gandun daji|sare itatuwa]]. Mayar da wannan matsala aiki ne mai wuyar gaske domin ya hada da kawar da al'ummar da a halin yanzu ta samu kanta a cikin wadannan wurare da kuma karfafa karancin zuba jari da ci gaban da ake samu a wadannan wurare, domin kare muhalli. Ƙirƙirar NEP, a lokacin mulkin gwamnatin soja, mai yiyuwa ne martani ga ƙungiyoyin sa-kai na muhalli na ci gaba da matsin lamba ba kawai ga gwamnatin ƙasa ba, har ma da masu ba da lamuni na duniya, kuma a wani yunƙuri na rage ci gaba da lalata muhalli, a wannan lokaci na ma'aikata.

Bukatu na sirri da matsin tattalin arziki sune manyan shingaye ga cin nasarar gudanar da mulkin muhalli kuma kawar da son zuciya daga yanke shawara yana da matuƙar mahimmanci don kiyaye dorewa. Tushen samar da manufofin muhalli a Brazil shine ilimin kimiyya. Duk da haka, bincike ya nuna cewa, sannan  a wasu lokuta, masu tsara manufofi a Brazil suna da sha'awar yin amfani da shaidar kimiyya da ke goyan bayan shawararsu, maimakon yin shawarwari kan duk ilimin kimiyyar da ke akwai. 

== Matsayin ISO 14000 ==
Wani muhimmin sashi na tabbatar da gasa ta Brazil a kasuwannin duniya shine ta kasancewa daidai da bukatun kasuwannin duniya. Sannna kuma Yawancin wuraren sinadarai na Brazil sun sami takaddun shaida na ISO 14000 kuma wasu da yawa suna kusa da samun takaddun shaida.  Abin da ya sa hakan shi ne muradin Brazil na bunkasa martabarta a kasuwannin duniya da kuma kara yin cinikayya da abokan huldar kasashen waje. &lt;ref name=&quot;Sissell, 1997&quot; /&gt; Brazil kuma tana shiga cikin kwamitin fasaha na ka'idojin ISO 14000.

== Gudanar da ruwa ==

=== Yankin ruwa da na bakin teku ===
Gudanar da muhalli a Brazil ana son aiwatar da shi ta hanyar sama-sama, ta yadda gwamnati ta sanya dokar da ya kamata kasuwanni su bi. Wannan tsari na oda da sarrafa shi yakan haifar da tashe-tashen hankula a wasu lokutan tsakanin gwamnatoci da ‘yan kasuwa da kuma al’ummomin yankin. &lt;ref&gt;“Brazil: A Sea-Floor Battle | #TheOutlawOcean.” YouTube, 10 Apr. 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLbVsbKQkLA. Accessed 7 Oct. 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; Misalin wannan shi ne kafa wuraren kariya na ruwa da bakin teku a Brazil. Kuma Sau da yawa ana sanya takunkumi kan sana’ar kamun kifi ba tare da sa hannun al’ummomin yankin ba wajen yanke shawara,  kuma mummunan tasirin rayuwar waɗannan al’ummomin ya haifar da rikice-rikice da dama.  Har ila yau, an ce yanayin kamun kifi na bakin teku yana da tasiri ta hanyar sama da ƙasa na samar da tanadi.  Rashin shiga cikin gida, sa hannun jama'a da gudanar da haɗin gwiwa ana tsammanin zai iyakance juriyar yanayin muhalli da rage tasirin gaɓar teku wajen kare lambobin namun daji. &lt;ref name=&quot;Lopes et al., 2011&quot; /&gt;

=== Manufar Albarkatun Ruwa ta Kasa ===
Brazil tana da wadataccen ruwa mai yawa tare da wasu manyan kogin kogi a duniya ( [[Amazon|Kogin Amazon]], kogin Paraná da kogin São Francisco ). Kare wannan albarkatun ba wai kawai yana da mahimmancin yanayin muhalli ba, har ma da zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, saboda yawancin birane da yankunan Brazil sun dogara da su a matsayin tushen ruwa mai tsabta. Wani zaɓi na mulkin ruwa a Brazil don gudanar da wannan batu shine National Water Resource Policy (NWRP), wanda aka kafa a cikin shekarata 1997 &lt;ref name=&quot;Congresso Nacional, 1997&quot;&gt;Congresso Nacional (1997). [http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Leis/L9433.htm &quot;Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt; bayan fiye da shekaru goma na tattaunawar majalisa.  NWRP na da nufin haɓaka ruwa a matsayin albarkatu tare da ƙimar tattalin arziƙi kuma &quot;yana ƙirƙira tsare-tsare don haɗin gwiwar gudanar da duk wani amfani da ruwa a matakin ruwan ruwa - majalissar rafukan ruwa (RBCs) - waɗanda ke aiki tare da ƙarin sarrafa al'adun gargajiya kamar gundumomi da gundumomi. hukumomin ruwa da muhalli na jihar”.  Duk da haka, an yi iƙirarin cewa wannan manufar ta fi mayar da hankali kan dabarun sama-sama, kamar gabatar da farashin ruwa da kuma cajin muhalli, maimakon magance tarurrukan jama'a, maido da kogi da tabbatar da muhalli . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ioris, 2009&quot; /&gt;

== Gudanar da gandun daji ==
Duk da babban tsarin kula da muhalli a Brazil, akwai lokuta inda ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, kamfanoni, gwamnatoci, da cibiyoyin bincike suka haɗa kai don haɓaka maido da muhalli.  Yarjejeniyar Maido da dajin Atlantika (AFRP) misali ne na wannan. &lt;ref name=&quot;Rodrigues et al., 2009&quot;&gt;Rodrigues, R., Brancalton, P. and Isernhagen, I. (2009). Pacto pela restauração da mata atlântica. São Paulo: LERF/ESALQ&lt;/ref&gt; AFRP na da niyyar maido da kadada miliyan 15 na gurbatacciyar dajin Atlantika nan da shekara ta 2050 ta hanyar haɓaka: &lt;ref name=&quot;Calmon et al., 2011&quot; /&gt; kiyaye halittu, da haɓaka ayyukan yi ta hanyar maido da samar da kayayyaki, da kuma kafa abubuwan ƙarfafawa ga masu mallakar ƙasa don bin dokar daji. &lt;ref name=&quot;Congresso Nacional, 1965&quot;&gt;Congresso Nacional (1965). Novo Código Florestal. [online] Available at: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Leis/L4771.htm [Accessed 12 May 2011]&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan yana nuna yadda ƙungiyoyin sa-kai na muhalli suka yi amfani da dokokin ƙasa (musamman yankin muhalli) don haɓaka kariyar muhalli da dorewa a Brazil.

== Gudanar da canjin yanayi ==
Babban arzikin masana'antu da tattalin arzikin Brazil, tare da kasancewar ta na da manyan albarkatun kasa a duniya, ya sa ta zama babban jigo a harkokin tafiyar da sauyin yanayi a duniya. A ƙarshen shekarar 2009, Carlos Minc, Ministan Muhalli na Brazil, ya sanar da shirye-shiryen rage sare dazuzzuka a Brazil da 80% nan da shekarata 2020, wanda yayi daidai da raguwar 40% na gurɓataccen iskar gas. Brazil ta yi amfani da karfin tasirinta na kasa da kasa don tabbatar da cewa kasashen da suka ci gaba sun cika alkawuran da suka dauka na mika fasahohin zamani da samar da kudaden raya kasa, da nufin kare muhalli da samar da dorewa. 

== Fasaha ==

=== Injiniya Zagayen Rayuwa (LCE) ===
An sami shawarwarin aiwatar da LCE don rage yiwuwar tasirin muhalli da haɗari ga rayuwar ɗan adam, Kuma yayin da har yanzu ana ba da damar tattalin arziki da daidaiton zamantakewa .  Wannan dabara tana amfani da kayan aikin injiniya da dabaru don haɓaka dorewar tattalin arziki mafi girma. Kuma Waɗannan kayan aikin sun haɗa da ƙirar ƙirar yanayi da ƙima na rayuwa, dabarun samarwa mai tsabta, kayan aikin baya, rarrabuwa, sake yin amfani da su, sake yin amfani da su, sake amfani da tsarin bayanan ƙasa (GIS). &lt;ref name=&quot;Ometto et al., 2006&quot; /&gt;

=== Halittu masu samar da makamashi ===
Ana yin man biofuels na ƙarni na farko ta hanyar amfani da kayan abinci da aka noma a sarari don samar da mai (misali ethanol da aka yi daga [[rake]] mai sukari) kuma ba a ɗaukarsa a matsayin amfanin muhalli. Advanced biofuels (2nd generation and sama) duk da haka ana ganin su a matsayin muhimmiyar hanya zuwa ci gaba mai dorewa . Ministar Muhalli ta ƙasar Brazil Izabella Teixeira ta yi iƙirarin cewa &quot;haɓakar albarkatun mai a Brazil yana gudana ne ta hanyar manufofin jama'a da ke neman haɓaka haƙarsa a cikin &quot;tsayi mai dorewa&quot;, kiyaye yanayi, samar da ayyukan yi da raba fa'ida tsakanin al'umma. &lt;ref name=&quot;Portal Brasil, 2010&quot;&gt;Portal Brasil (2010). &quot;Brazil’s biofuel integrated with environmental policy [online] Available at: http://www.brasil.gov.br/news/history/2010/10/27/brazils-biofuel-integrated-with-environmental-policy-says-environment-minister/newsitem_view?set_language=en [Accessed 12 May 2011]&lt;/ref&gt;

Dorewar samar da man biofuel ya ƙunshi ayyukan noma mai ƙarfi don haka dole ne a tsara shi da sarrafa a hankali. Brazil na daya daga cikin kan gaba a duniya masu samar da man fetur da shigo da su. Sannan Kuma Ministan muhalli ya kuma yi iƙirarin cewa &quot;dabarun haɓaka samar da ethanol da biodiesel sun samo asali ne akan haɗakar muhimman kayan aikin gudanarwa guda biyu da tsarin aikin gona da muhalli: Tsarin Muhalli da Tattalin Arziki da Agro-Ecological Zoning&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Portal Brasil, 2010&quot;/&gt; An tsara waɗannan dabarun ta hanyar NEP kuma shari'ar da ke tattare da biofuels ta nuna yadda za a iya amfani da kayan aikin NEP cikin nasara ga tattalin arzikin, yayin da a lokaci guda inganta dorewa.

== Duba wasu abubuwan ==

* Cibiyar Muhalli na Brazil da Albarkatun Halitta masu Sabunta (IBAMA)
* sare itatuwa a Brazil
* Yanke dazuzzuka na Amazon
* Muhalli na Brazil
* Matsalolin muhalli a Brazil

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <comment>Deepfriedokra moved page [[User:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]] to [[User:IB Muazzam]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]]&quot; to &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/IB Muazzam|IB Muazzam]]&quot;</comment>
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&lt;div style=&quot;border:2px solid green; background-color:lightgreen; padding:10px;&quot;&gt;
[[File:Animated-Flag-Nigeria.gif|90px]]{{#Babel:ha|en-gb-4|ha-5 	|en-4|ha-N}}'''Ibrahim Sani Mustapha'''
Sunana Ibrahim Sani Mustapha Ni ɗan Nigeria ne kuma bahaushe maison yin rubuce-rubuce saboda [[hausawa]], Nayi rubuce-rubuce da yawa a kan wannan shafin na [[Hausa Wikipedia]],ni ɗan  Kano ne. Ina da sha’awar rubuce-rubuce akan abinda ya shafi yawon buɗe ido, ilimi, kimiyya, kiwon lafiya, da sauransu.  
Ina bada gudunmawa ta a [[Hausa Wikipedia]], [[Wikidata]], [[Wiktionary]], [[Wikivoyage]] da sauransu kuma ina fassara daga Turanci zuwa Hausa.
== Hanyar Tuntuba ==
Za a iya tuntuɓata a shafin tattaunawa [[User talk: Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]]&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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'''Samuel Nsowah-Djan''' ɗan siyasan Ghana ne kuma memba a majalisar dokoki ta bakwai a jamhuriyar Ghana ta huɗu mai wakiltar mazaɓar Denkyira ta yamma a [[Yankin Tsakiya (Ghana)|shiyyar tsakiya]] a kan tikitin sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nsowah-Djan, Samuel |url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/nsowah-djan-samuel/ |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Ghana MPS |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Samuel a ranar 26 ga watan Yunin shekarar 1961. Ya fito daga Denkyira Breman a yankin tsakiyar ƙasar [[Ghana]]. Ya kammala karatunsa na farko a [[Jami'ar Ghana]] Legon da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa a shekarar 2005. Ya kuma yi difloma a [[Jami'ar Ilimi, Winneba|jami'ar ilimi ta Winneba]] . A halin yanzu yana karatun MPhil a cikin Nazarin Ci Gaba daga [[Jami'ar Nazarin Ci Gaban|Jami'ar Nazarin Ci Gaba]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Nsowah-Djan, Samuel |url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5422 |access-date=2019-04-27 |website=Ghana MPs |archive-date=2024-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517171252/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=5422 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Samuel shi ne shugaban makarantar Denkyira-Breman Anglican Basic School. Ya kuma kasance shugaban kamfanin Nsowah Mining Company Limited a Dunkwa-On-Offin . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Siyasa ==
Samuel dan sabuwar jam'iyyar kishin ƙasa ne. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Upper Denkyira West MP cautions against instant justice |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-upper-denkyira-west-mp-cautions-against-instant-justice.html |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin zaben fidda gwani na majalisar NPP na 2015, ya yi takara tare da doke Benjamin Kofi Ayeh mai ci. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Boateng |first=Kojo Akoto |date=2015-06-29 |title=I’m not surprised by my defeat – Former Deputy Minority Chief Whip |url=https://citifmonline.com/2015/06/im-not-surprised-by-my-defeat-former-deputy-minority-chief-whip/ |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215220120/https://citifmonline.com/2015/06/im-not-surprised-by-my-defeat-former-deputy-minority-chief-whip/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== zaben 2016 ==
A lokacin [[2016 Ghanaian general election|babban zaben Ghana na 2016]], Samuel ya lashe kujerar majalisar wakilai ta mazaɓar Denkyira ta Yamma. Ya samu ƙuri'u 16,881 wanda ya zama kashi 61.3% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada yayin da dan takarar majalisar dokokin [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|kasar NDC]] Ambrose Amoah-Ashyiah ya samu kuri'u 10,655 wanda ya zama kashi 38.7% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=2016 Election - Upper Denkyira West Constituency Results |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/parliament/central/upper_denkyira_west/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517162751/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/parliament/central/upper_denkyira_west/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== zaɓen 2020 ==
Samuel ya sha kaye a mazaɓar Upper Denkyira West a lokacin babban zaɓen [[Ghana]] na shekarar 2020 a hannun ɗan takarar majalisar dokokin NDC [[Daniel Ohene Darko]] . Ya fadi da ƙuri'u 17,925 wanda ya zama kashi 49.3% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada yayin da Daniel ya samu ƙuri'u 18,446 wanda ya zama kashi 50.7% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=2020 Election - Upper Denkyira West Constituency Results |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/upper_denkyira_west/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517101655/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/upper_denkyira_west/ |archive-date=17 May 2023 |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Upper Denkyira West – Election Data Center – The Ghana Report |url=https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/central-region/upper-denkyira-west/ |access-date=2022-12-15 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002105302/https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/central-region/upper-denkyira-west/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Upper Denkyira West Summary - 2020 Elections |url=https://www.modernghana.com/ghanahome/ghanavotes/2020/result_constituency.asp?constituency_id=1589 |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=ModernGhana}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwamitin ==
Samuel ya kasance memba na kwamitin gata. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament Replaces 3 MPs For Kennedy Agyapong ‘Trial’ |url=https://ghanaguardian.com/parliament-replaces-3-mps-for-kennedy-agyapong-trial |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=The Ghana Guardian News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dzido |first=Justice |date=2018-07-22 |title=Privileges Committee faces Kennedy Agyapong’s on Monday |url=https://www.thepublisheronline.com/privileges-committee-faces-kennedy-agyapongs-on-monday/ |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=The Publisher Online |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Sama’ila Kirista ne. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Tallafawa ==
A yayin [[Annobar cutar Covid-19 a Ghana|barkewar cutar ta COVID-19 a Ghana]], ya gabatar da abubuwa kamar su buckets na Veronica, kwandon ruwa, bindigogin thermometers, masu tsabtace hannu da sauran PPEs ga Babban Daraktan Lafiya na gundumar Denkyira ta Yamma. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-04-15 |title=MP Donates To Upper Denkyira West Health Directorate {{!}} KFMN |url=https://kingdomfmnews.com/mp-donates-to-upper-denkyira-west-health-directorate/ |access-date=2022-12-15 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215222506/https://kingdomfmnews.com/mp-donates-to-upper-denkyira-west-health-directorate/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya gina rijiyoyin burtsatse na kanikanci a Aburi, Gyaman da Kakyerenyansa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Former MP – UPPER DENKYIRA WEST DISTRICT ASSEMBLY |url=http://udwda.gov.gh/?page_id=468 |access-date=2022-12-15 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]]</text>
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    <title>Reyenieju Daniel</title>
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'''Reyenieju Oritsegbubemi Daniel''' (an haife shi 18 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1966) ɗan majalisar wakilai ne na 3, majalisar dokokin Najeriya. An haife shi a cikin dangin Pa George da Mrs. Elizabeth Reyenieju, dukansu na masarautar Warri. Reyenieju mutum ne wanda a da da na yanzu ya ketare shingen kabilanci.

== Ilimi ==
Ya kuma yi karatun firamare da na gaba a Omatseye da Iwere College da ke Koko a lokacin ƙaramar hukumar Warri ta jihar Bendel da ke karkashin ta, yanzu ƙaramar hukumar Warri ta Arewa a jihar Delta. Bayan neman ilimi, ya kuma samu gurbin karatu a Jami'ar Uyo, [[Akwa Ibom|Jihar Akwa Ibom]], inda kuma ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Falsafa (BA) a shekarar 1988. Mai digiri a fannin masana'antu daga Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo , [[Ifẹ|Ile-Ife]], [[Osun|Jihar Osun]] a shekarar 2014. Hon. Reyenieju mai karɓar lambobin yabo na duniya da dama da shirye-shiryen horo na gayyata daga cikin su; Kyautar Shugabancin Amurka da Afirka na 2004 da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen ƙasar Amurka ta ba shi horo a cikin shirin baƙi na duniya.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Home&quot;. ''exchanges.state.gov''. Retrieved 2018-08-07.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Gwanintan aiki ==
Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya kuma samu aiki a kamfanin mai, DBN Nig. Ltd, Warri, a matsayin jami'in hulɗa da jama'a. A cikin ɗan ƙanƙanin lokaci, iyawar sa na ƙungiyarsa da ƙware na asali da sarƙaƙƙiyar sarrafa maza, kayan aiki da albarkatu sun bayyana ga shigar da ma'aikatansa.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;NIGITRADE International Company Limited - The company&quot;. www.nigitradelimited.com. Retrieved 2018-08-07.&lt;/ref&gt; Hakan ya kai ga daukaka shi zuwa mukamin Manajan Ma'aikata. Matsayin da ya kasance har zuwa 2003, lokacin da ya yi ritaya da son rai.&lt;ref&gt;Ayitogo, Nasir (2019-07-17). &quot;Gbajabiamila appoints 27 more aides - Premium Times Nigeria&quot;. Retrieved 2019-07-23.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar aiki tuƙuru, da ƙwarewar aiki mai amfani da makamai, sannan ya ɗora hanyarsa zuwa cikin duniyar kasuwanci mai wahala don kafa daular kasuwanci mai bunƙasa ta kansa: Nigitrade International Company Limited  da Vio Interprom Services Limited. Ta hanyar wadannan kamfanoni, ya sami damar baiwa matasa a yankinsa  sabuwar rayuwa ta hanyar samar musu da ayyukan yi.
[[Fayil:Reyenieju.jpg|thumb|Reyenieju Daniel]]
Kwanan nan ne kakakin [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilai]] Rt. Hon. [[Femi Gbajabiamila]] a matsayin Mataimaki na Musamman  akan Neja Delta / Man Fetur da Gas.

== Harkar siyasa da aiki ==
A yayin da aka yi wannan kiran, sai aka yi kira da a ce da sunan da salon ƙungiyar Itsekiri National Youth Council (INYC), inda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban kasa na farko tsakanin shekarar 2003 zuwa 2007. A matsayinsa na shugaban ƙungiyar, ya kafa wata manufa ta zaman lafiya tsakanin al’ummar Itsekiri tare da sauran kabilu, ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki mai amfani; A ziyarar da INYC ta kai wa Shugaban Tarayyar Najeriya na wancan lokacin [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Cif Olusegun Obasanjo]], a [[Aso Rock Villa|Aso Villa]], [[Abuja]], a 2003.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;LIST - New House of Reps Members for Nigeria's 8th National Assembly - Premium Times Nigeria&quot;. Premium Times Nigeria. 2015-05-02. Retrieved 2017-09-05.&lt;/ref&gt;

An naɗa shi a cikin 13% Derivation Committee, saboda kyawawan halayen jagoranci da ya nuna, musamman a matsayinsa na shugaban INYC, ya rinjaye shi ya shiga siyasa. Kiran da ya amsa. Daga nan ya tsaya takara kuma ya samu tikitin wakiltar mazaɓar Warri a ƙarƙashin tutar jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party a zaɓen shekarar 2007. Don haka aka rantsar da shi a ranar 5 ga watan Yunin 2007 a matsayin dan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Warri a majalisar wakilai ta 6. An sake zabe shi a matsayin dan majalisar tarayya mai wakiltar mazabar Warri a majalisar wakilai a 2011 da [http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/182259-list-new-house-of-reps-members-for-nigerias-8th-national-assembly.html 2015] .  Bayan da Cif Thomas Ereyitomi ya sha kaye a zaben fitar da gwani na ‘yan majalisar wakilai na jihar Delta na jihar Delta a hannun Cif Thomas Ereyitomi a ranar Laraba 3 ga watan Oktoba 2018, daga bisani ya samu tikitin tsayawa takara a karkashin jam’iyyar Social Democratic Party (SDP).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Jubilation as Chief Ereyitomi wins PDP Warri federal constituency ticket – Emeraldng…&quot;. Retrieved 2019-01-15.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ayyukan doka ==
A majalissar ta 6, ya kasance memba a cikin wadannan zaunannen kwamitocin majalisar: Yayin da yake cikin majalisar, ya sami dalilin gabatar da kudirori da dama - duk kan batutuwa masu mahimmanci da suka shafi al'ummarsa kai tsaye, hada da bayar da tallafin karatu 500 ga mazabarsa  haka kuma ya dauki nauyin kudaden da yawa. Shi dan kishin al'umma ne, wanda ya yi imani da tsarin adalci, daidaito da wasa na gaskiya. Sama da duka; shi manzo ne na kyawawan halaye. Ya yi aiki a cikin wadannan kwamitoci a majalisar. Akwai: Dangantakar Majalissar dokoki, Man Fetur (Upstream), Navy, Aviation, Niger Delta, Air Force, FCT Area Councils, Legislative Budget and Research.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;500 Itsekiri Youths To Benefit From Amnesty Programme –Kuku « The Pointer News Online&quot;. The Pointer News Online. Retrieved 2018-08-07.&lt;/ref&gt;

A majalissar ta 7, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai kan hulɗar majalisun tarayya  kuma an zabe shi mataimakin shugaban ƙungiyar majalissar Commonwealth (yankin Afirka).  Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin Ad-hoc akan Kundin Tsarin Mulki da Ma'aikatar Man Fetur (PIB). Ya kuma kasance shugaban kwamitin da ke kula da harkokin man fetur na sama a kan hada-hadar haramtattun kayayyaki da satar mai a gabar tekun Najeriya.

Hon. Reyenieju mai ba da shawara ne kuma mai aiwatar da ka'idoji da dabi'u na demokradiyya. A bisa dalilin da ya sa ya kai ga kai wa, ya shirya taron share fage na kwanaki 2 a mazaɓarsa. Mutane da yawa sun yaba da wannan matakin a matsayin fice.

A majalissar ta 8 (2015 -2019), yana aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitocin majalisa akan kasafin kudi, tashoshin ruwa, tashoshin ruwa da hanyoyin ruwa, yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, albarkatun iskar gas, abubuwan cikin gida, harkokin waje, da ICT. Kwanan nan ne aka nada shi Shugaban wani kwamiti na wucin gadi  tare da wajabcin binciki makudan kudade da kamfanonin mai na kasa da kasa (IOCs) ke bin ‘yan kwangila da kuma asarar kudaden shiga ga Najeriya. 

A cikin shekaru 11 da ya yi yana zama mamba a zauren majalisar dokokin kasar, ya dauki nauyin kudirori 15 tare da gabatar da kudurori 19 domin jawo hankalin gwamnatin tarayya kan halin da al’ummarsa ke ciki. Shekaru 2 da shiga Majalisa ta 8 (2015 – 2017) kadai, ya dauki nauyin kudirori 9 yayin da 1 ya samu amincewa, wasu kuma suna mataki daban-daban na tsarin majalisa. Shahararru a cikin kudurorin akwai Kudi don Kafa Jami'ar Maritime, Okerenkoko,  da Federal Polytechnic, Koko, Delta wanda ya tsallake karatu na biyu.  Ya kuma dauki nauyin kudirin jawo hankalin gwamnati game da zubar da abubuwa masu guba,  barazanar ƙaruwar teku a Ogheye,  da buƙatar gaggawa ta cire Escravos Bar Mouth  da sauransu.

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1966]]
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>ba1txfs7g1dqb5jq1wf5po9w42bv1nz</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Laayoune</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:54:05Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Hon.Mubarak</username>
        <id>45736</id>
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      <text bytes="15660" sha1="8u88ynn1a8ezwp18qyi5ibzsl3l7kq6" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Laâyoune''' / / lɑː ˈj uːn / lah-YOON,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Laayoune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182721/https://www.lexico.com/definition/laayoune |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Laayoune |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;&gt;{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Laayoune|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;kuma&lt;/small&gt; UK : / l aɪ ˈ -/ ly-,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/laayoune|title=Laâyoune|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; French: [la.ajun] ) ko '''El Aaiún''' ( /ˌ ɛ l aɪ ˈ ( j ) uːn / EL eye- (Y)OON,&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/el-Aai%C3%BAn |title=el-Aaiún |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/el-aaiun|title=El Aaiún|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Spanish: [el (a) aˈʝun] ; Hassaniya Larabci : {{Lang|mey|لعيون}} , &lt;small&gt;romanized:&lt;/small&gt; {{Transl|mey|Laʕyūn/Elʕyūn}} ; Berber languages     ; {{Lang-ar|العيون|al-ʿUyūn/el-ʿUyūn}}      &amp;#x27; &lt;span&gt;The&lt;/span&gt; [[Spring (hydrology)|Springs]] &amp;#x27; ) birni ne mafi girma a yankin [[yammacin Sahara]] da ake takaddama a kai, yana da yawan jama'a 217,732 a shekara ta 2014. Birnin yana ƙarƙashin ''ikon'' [[Moroko|Maroko]]. Ana zaton kyaftin [[Ispaniya|ɗin Spain]], [[Antonio de Oro]] ne ya kafa birnin na zamani a shekara ta 1938.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=El Lawrence de Arabia Español|url=http://www.elmundo.es/magazine/2005/278/1106337900.html|author=Francisco López Barrios|publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=2005-01-23|access-date=2013-02-11|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 1940, Spain ta ayyana shi a matsayin babban birnin Saharar Spain .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} lardin Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra ne wanda Morocco ke gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], [[United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|MINURSO]].
[[Fayil:Aerial photograph of Laayoune 01.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
An raba birnin gida biyu daga kogin [[Saguia el-Hamra (river)]]. A gefen kudu kuma akwai tsohon ƙaramin gari, wanda ƴan mulkin mallaka na Spain suka gina.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} Tun daga wannan zamanin yana aiki har yanzu; (priests) suna hidima a wannan birni da [[Dakhla, Western Sahara|Dakhla]] dake a yankin kudu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Tarihi ==
''Laâyoune'' ko ''El Aaiún'' su ne fassarar Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya na ɗaya daga cikin yiwuwar Romanized [[Maghrebi Arabic]], sunayen Larabci na birni: ''Layoun'', wanda ke nufin &quot;maɓuɓɓugan ruwa&quot;, dangane da tudun ruwa da ke samar da ruwan garin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Room1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Adrian Room|title=African Placenames: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 2000 Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces, and Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abM6AAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-89950-943-3|page=62}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Garin dai ya kasance wurin da ake kira [[Zemla Intifada]] hakan ya faru a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, 1970, wanda ya kai ga kisan kiyashin da, ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 2 zuwa 11.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Yanayi ==
[[Fayil:Laayoune-miltary checkpoint.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Birnin Laayoune, na da yanayin hamada mai zafi ( Köppen climate classification ''BWh'' ), wanda Canary Current ya daidaita shi,{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara fiye da matakin {{Convert|21|°C|0}}.
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Laayoune (1981–2010 normals)
|single line = Y
|metric first = y
| Jan high C = 22.2
| Feb high C = 22.7
| Mar high C = 24.5
| Apr high C = 23.9
| May high C = 25.6
| Jun high C = 27.4
| Jul high C = 29.5
| Aug high C = 30.4
| Sep high C = 30.0
| Oct high C = 28.6
| Nov high C = 26.0
| Dec high C = 23.2
|year high C = 26.2
|Jan mean C = 16.9
|Feb mean C = 17.6
|Mar mean C = 19.2
|Apr mean C = 19.2
|May mean C = 20.7
|Jun mean C = 22.5
|Jul mean C = 24.5
|Aug mean C = 25.2
|Sep mean C = 24.7
|Oct mean C = 23.3
|Nov mean C = 20.8
|Dec mean C = 18.0
|year mean C = 21.1
| Jan low C = 11.6
| Feb low C = 12.5
| Mar low C = 13.9
| Apr low C = 14.5
| May low C = 15.8
| Jun low C = 17.7
| Jul low C = 19.4
| Aug low C = 20.0
| Sep low C = 19.4
| Oct low C = 18.0
| Nov low C = 15.6
| Dec low C = 12.8
|year low C = 15.9
|Jan record high F =
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|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 11.1
| Feb precipitation mm = 11.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 5.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 1.1
| May precipitation mm = 0.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.5
| Sep precipitation mm = 1.5
| Oct precipitation mm = 3.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 9.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 13.3
|year precipitation mm = 57.4
|Jan snow inch =
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|unit snow days = 0.1 in
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|year snow days =
|Jan sun = 239.1
|Feb sun = 234.7
|Mar sun = 281.4
|Apr sun = 296.5
|May sun = 326.5
|Jun sun = 308.9
|Jul sun = 290.3
|Aug sun = 286.9
|Sep sun = 260.1
|Oct sun = 266.1
|Nov sun = 243.9
|Dec sun = 229.8
|year sun = 3264.2
|source 1 = NOAA&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| title = WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = August 4, 2021
| archive-date = August 4, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210804082852/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

=== Canjin yanayi ===
A rahoton shekara ta 2019 wanda aka buga a jaridar [[PLOS One]], an kiyasta cewa ƙarƙashin [[Representative Concentration Pathway#4.5|Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5]], yanayin &quot;matsakaici&quot; na [[canjin yanayi]] inda ɗumamar duniya ta kai ~ {{Convert|2.5-3|C-change|F-change}} zuwa 2100, yanayin Laayoune a cikin 2050 zai fi kama da yanayin [[Alexandria]] na yanzu. Yanayi na shekara-shekara zai ƙaru da {{Convert|1|C-change|F-change}}, da zafin rana mafi zafi a matakin{{Convert|1.8|C-change|F-change}}, yayin da zafin watan mafi sanyi zai ragu da {{Convert|0.1|C-change|F-change}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Bastin |first1=Jean-Francois |last2=Clark |first2=Emily |last3=Elliott |first3=Thomas |last4=Hart |first4=Simon |last5=van den Hoogen |first5=Johan |last6=Hordijk |first6=Iris |last7=Ma |first7=Haozhi |last8=Majumder |first8=Sabiha |last9=Manoli |first9=Gabriele |last10=Maschler |first10=Julia |last11=Mo |first11=Lidong |last12=Routh |first12=Devin |last13=Yu |first13=Kailiang |last14=Zohner |first14=Constantin M. |last15=Thomas W. |first15=Crowther |title=Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues |journal=PLOS ONE |date=10 July 2019 |volume=14 |issue=7 |at=S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0217592 |pmid=31291249 |pmc=6619606 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1417592B |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |title=Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action |at=Current vs. future cities |access-date=8 January 2023 |archive-date=8 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108082440/https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ta bakin [[Climate Action Tracker]], yanayin zafi na yanzu yana bayyana daidai da {{Convert|2.7|C-change|F-change}}, wanda yayi daidai da RCP 4.5.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/ |title=The CAT Thermometer |access-date=8 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alkaluma ==
Birnin Laayoune, na da yawan jama'a 217,732&lt;ref name=census2014&gt;{{cite web |url=http://rgph2014.hcp.ma/file/166326/ |title=POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014 |language=ar, fr |publisher=[[Haut Commissariat au Plan|High Commission for Planning, Morocco]] |date=8 April 2015 |access-date=29 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shine birni mafi girma a Yammacin Sahara.
{| style=&quot;float: left;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; 
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Year
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Population
|-
| 1982 (Kidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 93,875&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite web |url=http://citypopulation.de/WesternSahara.html |title = Western Sahara: Provinces &amp; Urban Communes - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information | website = citypopulation.de |access-date= 22 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1994 (Kidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 136,950&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2004 (Kidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 183,691&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2014 (Kidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 217,732&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|}
{{clear}}

== Tattalin arziki da matsayi ==
Birnin ya kasance cibiyar kamun kifi da kuma hako ma'adinan [[phosphate]] a yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;economist&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/17421589|title=Diplomacy over Western Sahara: 'Morocco v Algeria'|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=4 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, ƙasar ta yi tattaunawa da sabuwar yarjejeniyar kamun kifi da Turai kan kamun kifi a teku.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Wasanni ==
Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta birnin ita ce [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]]. Kulob ɗin yana taka leda a rukunin na biyu na Morocco, gasar kwallon kafa ta biyu mafi girma a ƙasar. [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]] na amfani da filin wasa na [[Stade Sheikh Mohamed Laghdaf]], domin atasayen ƴan wasa, gami da buga wasanni a ciki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Sufuri ==
[[Hassan I Airport|Filin jirgin saman Hassan I]] ne ke hidima ta zirga-zirga a birnin na Laayoune.

== Ilimi ==
Makarantu a Laâyoune sun haɗa da makarantar Sipaniya ta duniya, [[Colegio Español La Paz]], mallakar gwamnatin Spain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Santana|first=Txema|date=2015-04-10|title=El colegio español en El Aaiún pide ciclo de secundaria|language=es|work=El País|url=https://elpais.com/politica/2015/04/10/actualidad/1428695751_759093.html|access-date=2023-02-07|issn=1134-6582}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ofishin jakadanci ==
A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, 2019, [[Komoros|Comoros]] ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta buɗe ofishin jakadancinta a Laayoune don tallafawa da'awar Moroccan ga Yammacin Sahara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1600946/world|title=First foreign diplomatic post opens in Western Sahara|website=Arab News|date=18 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Janairu 2020, [[Gabon|ƙasar Gabon]] ta buɗe ƙaramin ofishin jakadancin a Laayoune.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sahara-news.org/2274-gabon-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune.html|title=Gabon Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Sahara News|date=17 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya sai, [[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|São Tomé and Principe]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291869/sao-tome-consulate-general-laayoune/|title=Sao Tome and Principe Inaugurates Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291870/central-african-republic-laayoune/|title=Central African Republic Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ivory Coast]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/293975/cote-divoire-opens-general-consulate-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Cote d'Ivoire Opens General Consulate in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=18 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Burundi]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/294797/burundi-opens-general-consulate-in-laayoune/|title=Burundi Opens General Consulate in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=28 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ESwatini|Eswatini]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323808/eswatini-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Eswatini Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Zambiya|Zambia]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323813/zambia-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Zambia Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/11/324713/uae-officially-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=UAE Officially Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Baharen|Bahrain]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/12/328827/bahrain-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Bahrain Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=14 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma sun buɗe ofisoshin jakadancin a Laayoune.

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Mosque moulay abd el aziz laayoune.jpg|Masallacin Moulay Abd el Aziz
File:Laayoune Cathedral 2011.jpg|Tsohon [[St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral, Laayoune|Cathedral na Sipaniya na Saint Francis na Assisi]], wanda ke hidima ga ma'aikatan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Turai
File:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|Avenue Makkah al-Mukarramah
File:Monumental Arch, Laayoune.jpg|Monumental baka kusa da filin jirgin sama
File:Road to Laayoune Port.jpg|Hanyar zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa Laayoune
File:Laayoune Bus Station.jpg|Tashar bas ta Laayoune.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
*[[List of cities in Western Sahara|Jerin garuruwa a Yammacin Sahara]]

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}

==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje==
*[http://www.alaoula.ma/laayoune_tv.php Official TV channel]
*[http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ Official radio channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218182635/http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ |date=2017-12-18 }}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Laayoune]]
[[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>893014</id>
      <parentid>893013</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:55:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Hon.Mubarak</username>
        <id>45736</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893014</origin>
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      <text bytes="15669" sha1="easfc7f68g8geqlpsmcvxfyot382oat" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Laâyoune''' / / lɑː ˈj uːn / lah-YOON,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Laayoune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182721/https://www.lexico.com/definition/laayoune |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Laayoune |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;&gt;{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Laayoune|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;kuma&lt;/small&gt; UK : / l aɪ ˈ -/ ly-,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/laayoune|title=Laâyoune|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; French: [la.ajun] ) ko '''El Aaiún''' ( /ˌ ɛ l aɪ ˈ ( j ) uːn / EL eye- (Y)OON,&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/el-Aai%C3%BAn |title=el-Aaiún |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/el-aaiun|title=El Aaiún|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Spanish: [el (a) aˈʝun] ; Hassaniya Larabci : {{Lang|mey|لعيون}} , &lt;small&gt;romanized:&lt;/small&gt; {{Transl|mey|Laʕyūn/Elʕyūn}} ; Berber languages     ; {{Lang-ar|العيون|al-ʿUyūn/el-ʿUyūn}}      &amp;#x27; &lt;span&gt;The&lt;/span&gt; [[Spring (hydrology)|Springs]] &amp;#x27; ) birni ne mafi girma a yankin [[yammacin Sahara]] da ake takaddama a kai, yana da yawan jama'a 217,732 a shekara ta 2014. Birnin yana ƙarƙashin ''ikon'' [[Moroko|Maroko]]. Ana zaton kyaftin [[Ispaniya|ɗin Spain]], [[Antonio de Oro]] ne ya kafa birnin na zamani a shekara ta 1938.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=El Lawrence de Arabia Español|url=http://www.elmundo.es/magazine/2005/278/1106337900.html|author=Francisco López Barrios|publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=2005-01-23|access-date=2013-02-11|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 1940, Spain ta ayyana shi a matsayin babban birnin Saharar Spain .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} lardin Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra ne wanda Morocco ke gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], [[United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|MINURSO]].
[[Fayil:Aerial photograph of Laayoune 01.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
An raba birnin gida biyu daga kogin [[Saguia el-Hamra (river)]]. A gefen kudu kuma akwai tsohon ƙaramin gari, wanda ƴan mulkin mallaka na Spain suka gina.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} Tun daga wannan zamanin yana aiki har yanzu; (priests) suna hidima a wannan birni da [[Dakhla, Western Sahara|Dakhla]] dake a yankin kudu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Tarihi ==
''Laâyoune'' ko ''El Aaiún'' su ne fassarar Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya na ɗaya daga cikin yiwuwar Romanized [[Maghrebi Arabic]], sunayen Larabci na birni: ''Layoun'', wanda ke nufin &quot;maɓuɓɓugan ruwa&quot;, dangane da tudun ruwa da ke samar da ruwan garin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Room1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Adrian Room|title=African Placenames: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 2000 Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces, and Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abM6AAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-89950-943-3|page=62}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Garin dai ya kasance wurin da ake kira [[Zemla Intifada]] hakan ya faru a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, Shekarar 1970, wanda ya kai ga kisan kiyashin da, ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 2 zuwa 11.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Yanayi ==
[[Fayil:Laayoune-miltary checkpoint.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Birnin Laayoune, na da yanayin hamada mai zafi ( Köppen climate classification ''BWh'' ), wanda Canary Current ya daidaita shi,{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara fiye da matakin {{Convert|21|°C|0}}.
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Laayoune (1981–2010 normals)
|single line = Y
|metric first = y
| Jan high C = 22.2
| Feb high C = 22.7
| Mar high C = 24.5
| Apr high C = 23.9
| May high C = 25.6
| Jun high C = 27.4
| Jul high C = 29.5
| Aug high C = 30.4
| Sep high C = 30.0
| Oct high C = 28.6
| Nov high C = 26.0
| Dec high C = 23.2
|year high C = 26.2
|Jan mean C = 16.9
|Feb mean C = 17.6
|Mar mean C = 19.2
|Apr mean C = 19.2
|May mean C = 20.7
|Jun mean C = 22.5
|Jul mean C = 24.5
|Aug mean C = 25.2
|Sep mean C = 24.7
|Oct mean C = 23.3
|Nov mean C = 20.8
|Dec mean C = 18.0
|year mean C = 21.1
| Jan low C = 11.6
| Feb low C = 12.5
| Mar low C = 13.9
| Apr low C = 14.5
| May low C = 15.8
| Jun low C = 17.7
| Jul low C = 19.4
| Aug low C = 20.0
| Sep low C = 19.4
| Oct low C = 18.0
| Nov low C = 15.6
| Dec low C = 12.8
|year low C = 15.9
|Jan record high F =
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|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 11.1
| Feb precipitation mm = 11.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 5.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 1.1
| May precipitation mm = 0.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.5
| Sep precipitation mm = 1.5
| Oct precipitation mm = 3.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 9.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 13.3
|year precipitation mm = 57.4
|Jan snow inch =
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|unit snow days = 0.1 in
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|Jan sun = 239.1
|Feb sun = 234.7
|Mar sun = 281.4
|Apr sun = 296.5
|May sun = 326.5
|Jun sun = 308.9
|Jul sun = 290.3
|Aug sun = 286.9
|Sep sun = 260.1
|Oct sun = 266.1
|Nov sun = 243.9
|Dec sun = 229.8
|year sun = 3264.2
|source 1 = NOAA&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| title = WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = August 4, 2021
| archive-date = August 4, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210804082852/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

=== Canjin yanayi ===
A rahoton shekara ta 2019 wanda aka buga a jaridar [[PLOS One]], an kiyasta cewa ƙarƙashin [[Representative Concentration Pathway#4.5|Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5]], yanayin &quot;matsakaici&quot; na [[canjin yanayi]] inda ɗumamar duniya ta kai ~ {{Convert|2.5-3|C-change|F-change}} zuwa 2100, yanayin Laayoune a cikin 2050 zai fi kama da yanayin [[Alexandria]] na yanzu. Yanayi na shekara-shekara zai ƙaru da {{Convert|1|C-change|F-change}}, da zafin rana mafi zafi a matakin{{Convert|1.8|C-change|F-change}}, yayin da zafin watan mafi sanyi zai ragu da {{Convert|0.1|C-change|F-change}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Bastin |first1=Jean-Francois |last2=Clark |first2=Emily |last3=Elliott |first3=Thomas |last4=Hart |first4=Simon |last5=van den Hoogen |first5=Johan |last6=Hordijk |first6=Iris |last7=Ma |first7=Haozhi |last8=Majumder |first8=Sabiha |last9=Manoli |first9=Gabriele |last10=Maschler |first10=Julia |last11=Mo |first11=Lidong |last12=Routh |first12=Devin |last13=Yu |first13=Kailiang |last14=Zohner |first14=Constantin M. |last15=Thomas W. |first15=Crowther |title=Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues |journal=PLOS ONE |date=10 July 2019 |volume=14 |issue=7 |at=S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0217592 |pmid=31291249 |pmc=6619606 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1417592B |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |title=Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action |at=Current vs. future cities |access-date=8 January 2023 |archive-date=8 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108082440/https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ta bakin [[Climate Action Tracker]], yanayin zafi na yanzu yana bayyana daidai da {{Convert|2.7|C-change|F-change}}, wanda yayi daidai da RCP 4.5.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/ |title=The CAT Thermometer |access-date=8 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alkaluma ==
Birnin Laayoune, na da yawan jama'a 217,732&lt;ref name=census2014&gt;{{cite web |url=http://rgph2014.hcp.ma/file/166326/ |title=POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014 |language=ar, fr |publisher=[[Haut Commissariat au Plan|High Commission for Planning, Morocco]] |date=8 April 2015 |access-date=29 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shine birni mafi girma a Yammacin Sahara.
{| style=&quot;float: left;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; 
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Year
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Population
|-
| 1982 (Kidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 93,875&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite web |url=http://citypopulation.de/WesternSahara.html |title = Western Sahara: Provinces &amp; Urban Communes - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information | website = citypopulation.de |access-date= 22 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1994 (Kidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 136,950&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2004 (Kidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 183,691&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2014 (Kidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 217,732&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|}
{{clear}}

== Tattalin arziki da matsayi ==
Birnin ya kasance cibiyar kamun kifi da kuma hako ma'adinan [[phosphate]] a yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;economist&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/17421589|title=Diplomacy over Western Sahara: 'Morocco v Algeria'|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=4 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, ƙasar ta yi tattaunawa da sabuwar yarjejeniyar kamun kifi da Turai kan kamun kifi a teku.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Wasanni ==
Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta birnin ita ce [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]]. Kulob ɗin yana taka leda a rukunin na biyu na Morocco, gasar kwallon kafa ta biyu mafi girma a ƙasar. [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]] na amfani da filin wasa na [[Stade Sheikh Mohamed Laghdaf]], domin atasayen ƴan wasa, gami da buga wasanni a ciki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Sufuri ==
[[Hassan I Airport|Filin jirgin saman Hassan I]] ne ke hidima ta zirga-zirga a birnin na Laayoune.

== Ilimi ==
Makarantu a Laâyoune sun haɗa da makarantar Sipaniya ta duniya, [[Colegio Español La Paz]], mallakar gwamnatin Spain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Santana|first=Txema|date=2015-04-10|title=El colegio español en El Aaiún pide ciclo de secundaria|language=es|work=El País|url=https://elpais.com/politica/2015/04/10/actualidad/1428695751_759093.html|access-date=2023-02-07|issn=1134-6582}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ofishin jakadanci ==
A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, 2019, [[Komoros|Comoros]] ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta buɗe ofishin jakadancinta a Laayoune don tallafawa da'awar Moroccan ga Yammacin Sahara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1600946/world|title=First foreign diplomatic post opens in Western Sahara|website=Arab News|date=18 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Janairu 2020, [[Gabon|ƙasar Gabon]] ta buɗe ƙaramin ofishin jakadancin a Laayoune.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sahara-news.org/2274-gabon-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune.html|title=Gabon Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Sahara News|date=17 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya sai, [[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|São Tomé and Principe]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291869/sao-tome-consulate-general-laayoune/|title=Sao Tome and Principe Inaugurates Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291870/central-african-republic-laayoune/|title=Central African Republic Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ivory Coast]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/293975/cote-divoire-opens-general-consulate-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Cote d'Ivoire Opens General Consulate in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=18 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Burundi]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/294797/burundi-opens-general-consulate-in-laayoune/|title=Burundi Opens General Consulate in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=28 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ESwatini|Eswatini]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323808/eswatini-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Eswatini Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Zambiya|Zambia]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323813/zambia-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Zambia Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/11/324713/uae-officially-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=UAE Officially Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Baharen|Bahrain]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/12/328827/bahrain-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Bahrain Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=14 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma sun buɗe ofisoshin jakadancin a Laayoune.

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Mosque moulay abd el aziz laayoune.jpg|Masallacin Moulay Abd el Aziz
File:Laayoune Cathedral 2011.jpg|Tsohon [[St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral, Laayoune|Cathedral na Sipaniya na Saint Francis na Assisi]], wanda ke hidima ga ma'aikatan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Turai
File:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|Avenue Makkah al-Mukarramah
File:Monumental Arch, Laayoune.jpg|Monumental baka kusa da filin jirgin sama
File:Road to Laayoune Port.jpg|Hanyar zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa Laayoune
File:Laayoune Bus Station.jpg|Tashar bas ta Laayoune.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
*[[List of cities in Western Sahara|Jerin garuruwa a Yammacin Sahara]]

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}

==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje==
*[http://www.alaoula.ma/laayoune_tv.php Official TV channel]
*[http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ Official radio channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218182635/http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ |date=2017-12-18 }}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Laayoune]]
[[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]]</text>
      <sha1>easfc7f68g8geqlpsmcvxfyot382oat</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893015</id>
      <parentid>893014</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:56:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Hon.Mubarak</username>
        <id>45736</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893015</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15670" sha1="fon2z8mtshifb3us5xf2tf41xb03wln" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Laâyoune''' / / lɑː ˈj uːn / lah-YOON,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Laayoune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182721/https://www.lexico.com/definition/laayoune |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Laayoune |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;&gt;{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Laayoune|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;kuma&lt;/small&gt; UK : / l aɪ ˈ -/ ly-,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/laayoune|title=Laâyoune|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; French: [la.ajun] ) ko '''El Aaiún''' ( /ˌ ɛ l aɪ ˈ ( j ) uːn / EL eye- (Y)OON,&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/el-Aai%C3%BAn |title=el-Aaiún |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/el-aaiun|title=El Aaiún|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Spanish: [el (a) aˈʝun] ; Hassaniya Larabci : {{Lang|mey|لعيون}} , &lt;small&gt;romanized:&lt;/small&gt; {{Transl|mey|Laʕyūn/Elʕyūn}} ; Berber languages     ; {{Lang-ar|العيون|al-ʿUyūn/el-ʿUyūn}}      &amp;#x27; &lt;span&gt;The&lt;/span&gt; [[Spring (hydrology)|Springs]] &amp;#x27; ) birni ne mafi girma a yankin [[yammacin Sahara]] da ake takaddama a kai, yana da yawan jama'a 217,732 a shekara ta 2014. Birnin yana ƙarƙashin ''ikon'' [[Moroko|Maroko]]. Ana zaton kyaftin [[Ispaniya|ɗin Spain]], [[Antonio de Oro]] ne ya kafa birnin na zamani a shekara ta 1938.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=El Lawrence de Arabia Español|url=http://www.elmundo.es/magazine/2005/278/1106337900.html|author=Francisco López Barrios|publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=2005-01-23|access-date=2013-02-11|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 1940, Spain ta ayyana shi a matsayin babban birnin Saharar Spain .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} lardin Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra ne wanda Morocco ke gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], [[United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|MINURSO]].
[[Fayil:Aerial photograph of Laayoune 01.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
An raba birnin gida biyu daga kogin [[Saguia el-Hamra (river)]]. A gefen kudu kuma akwai tsohon ƙaramin gari, wanda ƴan mulkin mallaka na Spain suka gina.{{Ana buƙatan hujja|date=June 2021}} Tun daga wannan zamanin yana aiki har yanzu; (priests) suna hidima a wannan birni da [[Dakhla, Western Sahara|Dakhla]] dake a yankin kudu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Tarihi ==
''Laâyoune'' ko ''El Aaiún'' su ne fassarar Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya na ɗaya daga cikin yiwuwar Romanized [[Maghrebi Arabic]], sunayen Larabci na birni: ''Layoun'', wanda ke nufin &quot;maɓuɓɓugan ruwa&quot;, dangane da tudun ruwa da ke samar da ruwan garin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Room1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Adrian Room|title=African Placenames: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 2000 Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces, and Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abM6AAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-89950-943-3|page=62}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Garin dai ya kasance wurin da ake kira [[Zemla Intifada]] hakan ya faru a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, Shekarar 1970, wanda ya kai ga kisan kiyashin da, ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 2 zuwa 11.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Yanayi ==
[[Fayil:Laayoune-miltary checkpoint.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Birnin Laayoune, na da yanayin hamada mai zafi ( Köppen climate classification ''BWh'' ), wanda Canary Current ya daidaita shi,{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara fiye da matakin {{Convert|21|°C|0}}.
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Laayoune (1981–2010 normals)
|single line = Y
|metric first = y
| Jan high C = 22.2
| Feb high C = 22.7
| Mar high C = 24.5
| Apr high C = 23.9
| May high C = 25.6
| Jun high C = 27.4
| Jul high C = 29.5
| Aug high C = 30.4
| Sep high C = 30.0
| Oct high C = 28.6
| Nov high C = 26.0
| Dec high C = 23.2
|year high C = 26.2
|Jan mean C = 16.9
|Feb mean C = 17.6
|Mar mean C = 19.2
|Apr mean C = 19.2
|May mean C = 20.7
|Jun mean C = 22.5
|Jul mean C = 24.5
|Aug mean C = 25.2
|Sep mean C = 24.7
|Oct mean C = 23.3
|Nov mean C = 20.8
|Dec mean C = 18.0
|year mean C = 21.1
| Jan low C = 11.6
| Feb low C = 12.5
| Mar low C = 13.9
| Apr low C = 14.5
| May low C = 15.8
| Jun low C = 17.7
| Jul low C = 19.4
| Aug low C = 20.0
| Sep low C = 19.4
| Oct low C = 18.0
| Nov low C = 15.6
| Dec low C = 12.8
|year low C = 15.9
|Jan record high F =
|Feb record high F =
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|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 11.1
| Feb precipitation mm = 11.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 5.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 1.1
| May precipitation mm = 0.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.5
| Sep precipitation mm = 1.5
| Oct precipitation mm = 3.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 9.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 13.3
|year precipitation mm = 57.4
|Jan snow inch =
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|unit snow days = 0.1 in
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|Jan sun = 239.1
|Feb sun = 234.7
|Mar sun = 281.4
|Apr sun = 296.5
|May sun = 326.5
|Jun sun = 308.9
|Jul sun = 290.3
|Aug sun = 286.9
|Sep sun = 260.1
|Oct sun = 266.1
|Nov sun = 243.9
|Dec sun = 229.8
|year sun = 3264.2
|source 1 = NOAA&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| title = WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = August 4, 2021
| archive-date = August 4, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210804082852/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

=== Canjin yanayi ===
A rahoton shekara ta 2019 wanda aka buga a jaridar [[PLOS One]], an kiyasta cewa ƙarƙashin [[Representative Concentration Pathway#4.5|Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5]], yanayin &quot;matsakaici&quot; na [[canjin yanayi]] inda ɗumamar duniya ta kai ~ {{Convert|2.5-3|C-change|F-change}} zuwa 2100, yanayin Laayoune a cikin 2050 zai fi kama da yanayin [[Alexandria]] na yanzu. Yanayi na shekara-shekara zai ƙaru da {{Convert|1|C-change|F-change}}, da zafin rana mafi zafi a matakin{{Convert|1.8|C-change|F-change}}, yayin da zafin watan mafi sanyi zai ragu da {{Convert|0.1|C-change|F-change}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Bastin |first1=Jean-Francois |last2=Clark |first2=Emily |last3=Elliott |first3=Thomas |last4=Hart |first4=Simon |last5=van den Hoogen |first5=Johan |last6=Hordijk |first6=Iris |last7=Ma |first7=Haozhi |last8=Majumder |first8=Sabiha |last9=Manoli |first9=Gabriele |last10=Maschler |first10=Julia |last11=Mo |first11=Lidong |last12=Routh |first12=Devin |last13=Yu |first13=Kailiang |last14=Zohner |first14=Constantin M. |last15=Thomas W. |first15=Crowther |title=Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues |journal=PLOS ONE |date=10 July 2019 |volume=14 |issue=7 |at=S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0217592 |pmid=31291249 |pmc=6619606 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1417592B |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |title=Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action |at=Current vs. future cities |access-date=8 January 2023 |archive-date=8 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108082440/https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ta bakin [[Climate Action Tracker]], yanayin zafi na yanzu yana bayyana daidai da {{Convert|2.7|C-change|F-change}}, wanda yayi daidai da RCP 4.5.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/ |title=The CAT Thermometer |access-date=8 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alkaluma ==
Birnin Laayoune, na da yawan jama'a 217,732&lt;ref name=census2014&gt;{{cite web |url=http://rgph2014.hcp.ma/file/166326/ |title=POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014 |language=ar, fr |publisher=[[Haut Commissariat au Plan|High Commission for Planning, Morocco]] |date=8 April 2015 |access-date=29 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shine birni mafi girma a Yammacin Sahara.
{| style=&quot;float: left;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; 
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Year
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Population
|-
| 1982 (Kidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 93,875&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite web |url=http://citypopulation.de/WesternSahara.html |title = Western Sahara: Provinces &amp; Urban Communes - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information | website = citypopulation.de |access-date= 22 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1994 (Kidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 136,950&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2004 (Kidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 183,691&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2014 (Kidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 217,732&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|}
{{clear}}

== Tattalin arziki da matsayi ==
Birnin ya kasance cibiyar kamun kifi da kuma hako ma'adinan [[phosphate]] a yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;economist&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/17421589|title=Diplomacy over Western Sahara: 'Morocco v Algeria'|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=4 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, ƙasar ta yi tattaunawa da sabuwar yarjejeniyar kamun kifi da Turai kan kamun kifi a teku.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Wasanni ==
Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta birnin ita ce [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]]. Kulob ɗin yana taka leda a rukunin na biyu na Morocco, gasar kwallon kafa ta biyu mafi girma a ƙasar. [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]] na amfani da filin wasa na [[Stade Sheikh Mohamed Laghdaf]], domin atasayen ƴan wasa, gami da buga wasanni a ciki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Sufuri ==
[[Hassan I Airport|Filin jirgin saman Hassan I]] ne ke hidima ta zirga-zirga a birnin na Laayoune.

== Ilimi ==
Makarantu a Laâyoune sun haɗa da makarantar Sipaniya ta duniya, [[Colegio Español La Paz]], mallakar gwamnatin Spain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Santana|first=Txema|date=2015-04-10|title=El colegio español en El Aaiún pide ciclo de secundaria|language=es|work=El País|url=https://elpais.com/politica/2015/04/10/actualidad/1428695751_759093.html|access-date=2023-02-07|issn=1134-6582}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ofishin jakadanci ==
A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, 2019, [[Komoros|Comoros]] ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta buɗe ofishin jakadancinta a Laayoune don tallafawa da'awar Moroccan ga Yammacin Sahara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1600946/world|title=First foreign diplomatic post opens in Western Sahara|website=Arab News|date=18 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Janairu 2020, [[Gabon|ƙasar Gabon]] ta buɗe ƙaramin ofishin jakadancin a Laayoune.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sahara-news.org/2274-gabon-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune.html|title=Gabon Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Sahara News|date=17 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya sai, [[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|São Tomé and Principe]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291869/sao-tome-consulate-general-laayoune/|title=Sao Tome and Principe Inaugurates Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291870/central-african-republic-laayoune/|title=Central African Republic Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ivory Coast]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/293975/cote-divoire-opens-general-consulate-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Cote d'Ivoire Opens General Consulate in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=18 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Burundi]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/294797/burundi-opens-general-consulate-in-laayoune/|title=Burundi Opens General Consulate in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=28 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ESwatini|Eswatini]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323808/eswatini-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Eswatini Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Zambiya|Zambia]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323813/zambia-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Zambia Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/11/324713/uae-officially-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=UAE Officially Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Baharen|Bahrain]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/12/328827/bahrain-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Bahrain Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=14 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma sun buɗe ofisoshin jakadancin a Laayoune.

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Mosque moulay abd el aziz laayoune.jpg|Masallacin Moulay Abd el Aziz
File:Laayoune Cathedral 2011.jpg|Tsohon [[St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral, Laayoune|Cathedral na Sipaniya na Saint Francis na Assisi]], wanda ke hidima ga ma'aikatan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Turai
File:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|Avenue Makkah al-Mukarramah
File:Monumental Arch, Laayoune.jpg|Monumental baka kusa da filin jirgin sama
File:Road to Laayoune Port.jpg|Hanyar zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa Laayoune
File:Laayoune Bus Station.jpg|Tashar bas ta Laayoune.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
*[[List of cities in Western Sahara|Jerin garuruwa a Yammacin Sahara]]

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}

==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje==
*[http://www.alaoula.ma/laayoune_tv.php Official TV channel]
*[http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ Official radio channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218182635/http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ |date=2017-12-18 }}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Laayoune]]
[[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]]</text>
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'''Laâyoune''' / / lɑː ˈj uːn / lah-YOON,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Laayoune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182721/https://www.lexico.com/definition/laayoune |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Laayoune |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;&gt;{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Laayoune|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;kuma&lt;/small&gt; UK : / l aɪ ˈ -/ ly-,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/laayoune|title=Laâyoune|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; French: [la.ajun] ) ko '''El Aaiún''' ( /ˌ ɛ l aɪ ˈ ( j ) uːn / EL eye- (Y)OON,&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/el-Aai%C3%BAn |title=el-Aaiún |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/el-aaiun|title=El Aaiún|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Spanish: [el (a) aˈʝun] ; Hassaniya Larabci : {{Lang|mey|لعيون}} , &lt;small&gt;romanized:&lt;/small&gt; {{Transl|mey|Laʕyūn/Elʕyūn}} ; Berber languages     ; {{Lang-ar|العيون|al-ʿUyūn/el-ʿUyūn}}      &amp;#x27; &lt;span&gt;The&lt;/span&gt; [[Spring (hydrology)|Springs]] &amp;#x27; ) birni ne mafi girma a yankin [[yammacin Sahara]] da ake takaddama a kai, yana da yawan jama'a 217,732 a shekara ta 2014. Birnin yana ƙarƙashin ''ikon'' [[Moroko|Maroko]]. Ana zaton kyaftin [[Ispaniya|ɗin Spain]], [[Antonio de Oro]] ne ya kafa birnin na zamani a shekara ta 1938.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=El Lawrence de Arabia Español|url=http://www.elmundo.es/magazine/2005/278/1106337900.html|author=Francisco López Barrios|publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=2005-01-23|access-date=2013-02-11|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 1940, Spain ta ayyana shi a matsayin babban birnin Saharar Spain .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} lardin Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra ne wanda Morocco ke gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], [[United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|MINURSO]].
[[Fayil:Aerial photograph of Laayoune 01.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
An raba birnin gida biyu daga kogin [[Saguia el-Hamra (river)]]. A gefen kudu kuma akwai tsohon ƙaramin gari, wanda ƴan mulkin mallaka na Spain suka gina.{{Ana buƙatan hujja|date=June 2021}} Tun daga wannan zamanin yana aiki har yanzu; (priests) suna hidima a wannan birni da [[Dakhla, Western Sahara|Dakhla]] dake a yankin kudu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Tarihi ==
''Laâyoune'' ko ''El Aaiún'' su ne fassarar Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya na ɗaya daga cikin yiwuwar Romanized [[Maghrebi Arabic]], sunayen Larabci na birni: ''Layoun'', wanda ke nufin &quot;maɓuɓɓugan ruwa&quot;, dangane da tudun ruwa da ke samar da ruwan garin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Room1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Adrian Room|title=African Placenames: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 2000 Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces, and Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abM6AAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-89950-943-3|page=62}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Garin dai ya kasance wurin da ake kira [[Zemla Intifada]] hakan ya faru a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, Shekarar 1970, wanda ya kai ga kisan kiyashin da, ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 2 zuwa 11.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Yanayi ==
[[Fayil:Laayoune-miltary checkpoint.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Birnin Laayoune, na da yanayin hamada mai zafi ( Köppen climate classification ''BWh'' ), wanda Canary Current ya daidaita shi,{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara fiye da matakin {{Convert|21|°C|0}}.
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Laayoune (1981–2010 normals)
|single line = Y
|metric first = y
| Jan high C = 22.2
| Feb high C = 22.7
| Mar high C = 24.5
| Apr high C = 23.9
| May high C = 25.6
| Jun high C = 27.4
| Jul high C = 29.5
| Aug high C = 30.4
| Sep high C = 30.0
| Oct high C = 28.6
| Nov high C = 26.0
| Dec high C = 23.2
|year high C = 26.2
|Jan mean C = 16.9
|Feb mean C = 17.6
|Mar mean C = 19.2
|Apr mean C = 19.2
|May mean C = 20.7
|Jun mean C = 22.5
|Jul mean C = 24.5
|Aug mean C = 25.2
|Sep mean C = 24.7
|Oct mean C = 23.3
|Nov mean C = 20.8
|Dec mean C = 18.0
|year mean C = 21.1
| Jan low C = 11.6
| Feb low C = 12.5
| Mar low C = 13.9
| Apr low C = 14.5
| May low C = 15.8
| Jun low C = 17.7
| Jul low C = 19.4
| Aug low C = 20.0
| Sep low C = 19.4
| Oct low C = 18.0
| Nov low C = 15.6
| Dec low C = 12.8
|year low C = 15.9
|Jan record high F =
|Feb record high F =
|Mar record high F =
|Apr record high F =
|May record high F =
|Jun record high F =
|Jul record high F =
|Aug record high F =
|Sep record high F =
|Oct record high F =
|Nov record high F =
|Dec record high F =
|year record high F =
|Jan record low F =
|Feb record low F =
|Mar record low F =
|Apr record low F =
|May record low F =
|Jun record low F =
|Jul record low F =
|Aug record low F =
|Sep record low F =
|Oct record low F =
|Nov record low F =
|Dec record low F =
|year record low F =
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 11.1
| Feb precipitation mm = 11.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 5.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 1.1
| May precipitation mm = 0.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.5
| Sep precipitation mm = 1.5
| Oct precipitation mm = 3.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 9.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 13.3
|year precipitation mm = 57.4
|Jan snow inch =
|Feb snow inch =
|Mar snow inch =
|Apr snow inch =
|May snow inch =
|Jun snow inch =
|Jul snow inch =
|Aug snow inch =
|Sep snow inch =
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|year snow inch =
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days =
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|Mar snow days =
|Apr snow days =
|May snow days =
|Jun snow days =
|Jul snow days =
|Aug snow days =
|Sep snow days =
|Oct snow days =
|Nov snow days =
|Dec snow days =
|year snow days =
|Jan sun = 239.1
|Feb sun = 234.7
|Mar sun = 281.4
|Apr sun = 296.5
|May sun = 326.5
|Jun sun = 308.9
|Jul sun = 290.3
|Aug sun = 286.9
|Sep sun = 260.1
|Oct sun = 266.1
|Nov sun = 243.9
|Dec sun = 229.8
|year sun = 3264.2
|source 1 = NOAA&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| title = WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = August 4, 2021
| archive-date = August 4, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210804082852/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

=== Canjin yanayi ===
A rahoton shekara ta 2019 wanda aka buga a jaridar [[PLOS One]], an kiyasta cewa ƙarƙashin [[Representative Concentration Pathway#4.5|Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5]], yanayin &quot;matsakaici&quot; na [[canjin yanayi]] inda ɗumamar duniya ta kai ~ {{Convert|2.5-3|C-change|F-change}} zuwa 2100, yanayin Laayoune a cikin 2050 zai fi kama da yanayin [[Alexandria]] na yanzu. Yanayi na shekara-shekara zai ƙaru da {{Convert|1|C-change|F-change}}, da zafin rana mafi zafi a matakin{{Convert|1.8|C-change|F-change}}, yayin da zafin watan mafi sanyi zai ragu da {{Convert|0.1|C-change|F-change}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Bastin |first1=Jean-Francois |last2=Clark |first2=Emily |last3=Elliott |first3=Thomas |last4=Hart |first4=Simon |last5=van den Hoogen |first5=Johan |last6=Hordijk |first6=Iris |last7=Ma |first7=Haozhi |last8=Majumder |first8=Sabiha |last9=Manoli |first9=Gabriele |last10=Maschler |first10=Julia |last11=Mo |first11=Lidong |last12=Routh |first12=Devin |last13=Yu |first13=Kailiang |last14=Zohner |first14=Constantin M. |last15=Thomas W. |first15=Crowther |title=Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues |journal=PLOS ONE |date=10 July 2019 |volume=14 |issue=7 |at=S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0217592 |pmid=31291249 |pmc=6619606 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1417592B |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |title=Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action |at=Current vs. future cities |access-date=8 January 2023 |archive-date=8 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108082440/https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ta bakin [[Climate Action Tracker]], yanayin zafi na yanzu yana bayyana daidai da {{Convert|2.7|C-change|F-change}}, wanda yayi daidai da RCP 4.5.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/ |title=The CAT Thermometer |access-date=8 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alƙaluma ==
Birnin Laayoune, na da yawan jama'a 217,732&lt;ref name=census2014&gt;{{cite web |url=http://rgph2014.hcp.ma/file/166326/ |title=POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014 |language=ar, fr |publisher=[[Haut Commissariat au Plan|High Commission for Planning, Morocco]] |date=8 April 2015 |access-date=29 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shine birni mafi girma a Yammacin Sahara.
{| style=&quot;float: left;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; 
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Year
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Population
|-
| 1982 (Kidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 93,875&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite web |url=http://citypopulation.de/WesternSahara.html |title = Western Sahara: Provinces &amp; Urban Communes - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information | website = citypopulation.de |access-date= 22 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1994 (Kidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 136,950&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2004 (Kidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 183,691&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2014 (Kidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 217,732&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|}
{{clear}}

== Tattalin arziki da matsayi ==
Birnin ya kasance cibiyar kamun kifi da kuma hako ma'adinan [[phosphate]] a yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;economist&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/17421589|title=Diplomacy over Western Sahara: 'Morocco v Algeria'|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=4 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, ƙasar ta yi tattaunawa da sabuwar yarjejeniyar kamun kifi da Turai kan kamun kifi a teku.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Wasanni ==
Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta birnin ita ce [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]]. Kulob ɗin yana taka leda a rukunin na biyu na Morocco, gasar kwallon kafa ta biyu mafi girma a ƙasar. [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]] na amfani da filin wasa na [[Stade Sheikh Mohamed Laghdaf]], domin atasayen ƴan wasa, gami da buga wasanni a ciki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Sufuri ==
[[Hassan I Airport|Filin jirgin saman Hassan I]] ne ke hidima ta zirga-zirga a birnin na Laayoune.

== Ilimi ==
Makarantu a Laâyoune sun haɗa da makarantar Sipaniya ta duniya, [[Colegio Español La Paz]], mallakar gwamnatin Spain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Santana|first=Txema|date=2015-04-10|title=El colegio español en El Aaiún pide ciclo de secundaria|language=es|work=El País|url=https://elpais.com/politica/2015/04/10/actualidad/1428695751_759093.html|access-date=2023-02-07|issn=1134-6582}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ofishin jakadanci ==
A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, 2019, [[Komoros|Comoros]] ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta buɗe ofishin jakadancinta a Laayoune don tallafawa da'awar Moroccan ga Yammacin Sahara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1600946/world|title=First foreign diplomatic post opens in Western Sahara|website=Arab News|date=18 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Janairu 2020, [[Gabon|ƙasar Gabon]] ta buɗe ƙaramin ofishin jakadancin a Laayoune.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sahara-news.org/2274-gabon-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune.html|title=Gabon Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Sahara News|date=17 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya sai, [[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|São Tomé and Principe]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291869/sao-tome-consulate-general-laayoune/|title=Sao Tome and Principe Inaugurates Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291870/central-african-republic-laayoune/|title=Central African Republic Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ivory Coast]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/293975/cote-divoire-opens-general-consulate-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Cote d'Ivoire Opens General Consulate in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=18 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Burundi]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/294797/burundi-opens-general-consulate-in-laayoune/|title=Burundi Opens General Consulate in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=28 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ESwatini|Eswatini]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323808/eswatini-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Eswatini Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Zambiya|Zambia]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323813/zambia-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Zambia Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/11/324713/uae-officially-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=UAE Officially Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Baharen|Bahrain]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/12/328827/bahrain-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Bahrain Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=14 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma sun buɗe ofisoshin jakadancin a Laayoune.

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Mosque moulay abd el aziz laayoune.jpg|Masallacin Moulay Abd el Aziz
File:Laayoune Cathedral 2011.jpg|Tsohon [[St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral, Laayoune|Cathedral na Sipaniya na Saint Francis na Assisi]], wanda ke hidima ga ma'aikatan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Turai
File:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|Avenue Makkah al-Mukarramah
File:Monumental Arch, Laayoune.jpg|Monumental baka kusa da filin jirgin sama
File:Road to Laayoune Port.jpg|Hanyar zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa Laayoune
File:Laayoune Bus Station.jpg|Tashar bas ta Laayoune.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
*[[List of cities in Western Sahara|Jerin garuruwa a Yammacin Sahara]]

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}

==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje==
*[http://www.alaoula.ma/laayoune_tv.php Official TV channel]
*[http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ Official radio channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218182635/http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ |date=2017-12-18 }}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Laayoune]]
[[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]]</text>
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'''Laâyoune''' / / lɑː ˈj uːn / lah-YOON,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Laayoune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182721/https://www.lexico.com/definition/laayoune |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Laayoune |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;&gt;{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Laayoune|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;kuma&lt;/small&gt; UK : / l aɪ ˈ -/ ly-,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/laayoune|title=Laâyoune|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; French: [la.ajun] ) ko '''El Aaiún''' ( /ˌ ɛ l aɪ ˈ ( j ) uːn / EL eye- (Y)OON,&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/el-Aai%C3%BAn |title=el-Aaiún |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/el-aaiun|title=El Aaiún|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Spanish: [el (a) aˈʝun] ; Hassaniya Larabci : {{Lang|mey|لعيون}} , &lt;small&gt;romanized:&lt;/small&gt; {{Transl|mey|Laʕyūn/Elʕyūn}} ; Berber languages     ; {{Lang-ar|العيون|al-ʿUyūn/el-ʿUyūn}}      &amp;#x27; &lt;span&gt;The&lt;/span&gt; [[Spring (hydrology)|Springs]] &amp;#x27; ) birni ne mafi girma a yankin [[yammacin Sahara]] da ake takaddama a kai, yana da yawan jama'a 217,732 a shekara ta 2014. Birnin yana ƙarƙashin ''ikon'' [[Moroko|Maroko]]. Ana zaton kyaftin [[Ispaniya|ɗin Spain]], [[Antonio de Oro]] ne ya kafa birnin na zamani a shekara ta 1938.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=El Lawrence de Arabia Español|url=http://www.elmundo.es/magazine/2005/278/1106337900.html|author=Francisco López Barrios|publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=2005-01-23|access-date=2013-02-11|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 1940, Spain ta ayyana shi a matsayin babban birnin Saharar Spain .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} lardin Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra ne wanda Morocco ke gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], [[United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|MINURSO]].
[[Fayil:Aerial photograph of Laayoune 01.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
An raba birnin gida biyu daga kogin [[Saguia el-Hamra (river)]]. A gefen kudu kuma akwai tsohon ƙaramin gari, wanda ƴan mulkin mallaka na Spain suka gina.{{Ana buƙatan hujja|date=June 2021}} Tun daga wannan zamanin yana aiki har yanzu; (priests) suna hidima a wannan birni da [[Dakhla, Western Sahara|Dakhla]] dake a yankin kudu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Tarihi ==
''Laâyoune'' ko ''El Aaiún'' su ne fassarar Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya na ɗaya daga cikin yiwuwar Romanized [[Maghrebi Arabic]], sunayen Larabci na birni: ''Layoun'', wanda ke nufin &quot;maɓuɓɓugan ruwa&quot;, dangane da tudun ruwa da ke samar da ruwan garin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Room1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Adrian Room|title=African Placenames: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 2000 Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces, and Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abM6AAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-89950-943-3|page=62}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Garin dai ya kasance wurin da ake kira [[Zemla Intifada]] hakan ya faru a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, Shekarar 1970, wanda ya kai ga kisan kiyashin da, ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 2 zuwa 11.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Yanayi ==
[[Fayil:Laayoune-miltary checkpoint.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Birnin Laayoune, na da yanayin hamada mai zafi ( Köppen climate classification ''BWh'' ), wanda Canary Current ya daidaita shi,{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara fiye da matakin {{Convert|21|°C|0}}.
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Laayoune (1981–2010 normals)
|single line = Y
|metric first = y
| Jan high C = 22.2
| Feb high C = 22.7
| Mar high C = 24.5
| Apr high C = 23.9
| May high C = 25.6
| Jun high C = 27.4
| Jul high C = 29.5
| Aug high C = 30.4
| Sep high C = 30.0
| Oct high C = 28.6
| Nov high C = 26.0
| Dec high C = 23.2
|year high C = 26.2
|Jan mean C = 16.9
|Feb mean C = 17.6
|Mar mean C = 19.2
|Apr mean C = 19.2
|May mean C = 20.7
|Jun mean C = 22.5
|Jul mean C = 24.5
|Aug mean C = 25.2
|Sep mean C = 24.7
|Oct mean C = 23.3
|Nov mean C = 20.8
|Dec mean C = 18.0
|year mean C = 21.1
| Jan low C = 11.6
| Feb low C = 12.5
| Mar low C = 13.9
| Apr low C = 14.5
| May low C = 15.8
| Jun low C = 17.7
| Jul low C = 19.4
| Aug low C = 20.0
| Sep low C = 19.4
| Oct low C = 18.0
| Nov low C = 15.6
| Dec low C = 12.8
|year low C = 15.9
|Jan record high F =
|Feb record high F =
|Mar record high F =
|Apr record high F =
|May record high F =
|Jun record high F =
|Jul record high F =
|Aug record high F =
|Sep record high F =
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|Dec record high F =
|year record high F =
|Jan record low F =
|Feb record low F =
|Mar record low F =
|Apr record low F =
|May record low F =
|Jun record low F =
|Jul record low F =
|Aug record low F =
|Sep record low F =
|Oct record low F =
|Nov record low F =
|Dec record low F =
|year record low F =
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 11.1
| Feb precipitation mm = 11.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 5.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 1.1
| May precipitation mm = 0.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.5
| Sep precipitation mm = 1.5
| Oct precipitation mm = 3.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 9.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 13.3
|year precipitation mm = 57.4
|Jan snow inch =
|Feb snow inch =
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|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days =
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|year snow days =
|Jan sun = 239.1
|Feb sun = 234.7
|Mar sun = 281.4
|Apr sun = 296.5
|May sun = 326.5
|Jun sun = 308.9
|Jul sun = 290.3
|Aug sun = 286.9
|Sep sun = 260.1
|Oct sun = 266.1
|Nov sun = 243.9
|Dec sun = 229.8
|year sun = 3264.2
|source 1 = NOAA&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| title = WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = August 4, 2021
| archive-date = August 4, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210804082852/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

=== Canjin yanayi ===
A rahoton shekara ta 2019 wanda aka buga a jaridar [[PLOS One]], an kiyasta cewa ƙarƙashin [[Representative Concentration Pathway#4.5|Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5]], yanayin &quot;matsakaici&quot; na [[canjin yanayi]] inda ɗumamar duniya ta kai ~ {{Convert|2.5-3|C-change|F-change}} zuwa 2100, yanayin Laayoune a cikin 2050 zai fi kama da yanayin [[Alexandria]] na yanzu. Yanayi na shekara-shekara zai ƙaru da {{Convert|1|C-change|F-change}}, da zafin rana mafi zafi a matakin{{Convert|1.8|C-change|F-change}}, yayin da zafin watan mafi sanyi zai ragu da {{Convert|0.1|C-change|F-change}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Bastin |first1=Jean-Francois |last2=Clark |first2=Emily |last3=Elliott |first3=Thomas |last4=Hart |first4=Simon |last5=van den Hoogen |first5=Johan |last6=Hordijk |first6=Iris |last7=Ma |first7=Haozhi |last8=Majumder |first8=Sabiha |last9=Manoli |first9=Gabriele |last10=Maschler |first10=Julia |last11=Mo |first11=Lidong |last12=Routh |first12=Devin |last13=Yu |first13=Kailiang |last14=Zohner |first14=Constantin M. |last15=Thomas W. |first15=Crowther |title=Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues |journal=PLOS ONE |date=10 July 2019 |volume=14 |issue=7 |at=S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0217592 |pmid=31291249 |pmc=6619606 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1417592B |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |title=Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action |at=Current vs. future cities |access-date=8 January 2023 |archive-date=8 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108082440/https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ta bakin [[Climate Action Tracker]], yanayin zafi na yanzu yana bayyana daidai da {{Convert|2.7|C-change|F-change}}, wanda yayi daidai da RCP 4.5.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/ |title=The CAT Thermometer |access-date=8 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alƙaluma ==
Birnin Laayoune, na da yawan jama'a 217,732&lt;ref name=census2014&gt;{{cite web |url=http://rgph2014.hcp.ma/file/166326/ |title=POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014 |language=ar, fr |publisher=[[Haut Commissariat au Plan|High Commission for Planning, Morocco]] |date=8 April 2015 |access-date=29 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shine birni mafi girma a Yammacin Sahara.
{| style=&quot;float: left;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; 
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Year
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Population
|-
| 1982 (Kidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 93,875&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite web |url=http://citypopulation.de/WesternSahara.html |title = Western Sahara: Provinces &amp; Urban Communes - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information | website = citypopulation.de |access-date= 22 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1994 (Kidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 136,950&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2004 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 183,691&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2014 (Kiƙaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 217,732&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|}
{{clear}}

== Tattalin arziki da matsayi ==
Birnin ya kasance cibiyar kamun kifi da kuma hako ma'adinan [[phosphate]] a yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;economist&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/17421589|title=Diplomacy over Western Sahara: 'Morocco v Algeria'|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=4 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, ƙasar ta yi tattaunawa da sabuwar yarjejeniyar kamun kifi da Turai kan kamun kifi a teku.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Wasanni ==
Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta birnin ita ce [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]]. Kulob ɗin yana taka leda a rukunin na biyu na Morocco, gasar kwallon kafa ta biyu mafi girma a ƙasar. [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]] na amfani da filin wasa na [[Stade Sheikh Mohamed Laghdaf]], domin atasayen ƴan wasa, gami da buga wasanni a ciki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Sufuri ==
[[Hassan I Airport|Filin jirgin saman Hassan I]] ne ke hidima ta zirga-zirga a birnin na Laayoune.

== Ilimi ==
Makarantu a Laâyoune sun haɗa da makarantar Sipaniya ta duniya, [[Colegio Español La Paz]], mallakar gwamnatin Spain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Santana|first=Txema|date=2015-04-10|title=El colegio español en El Aaiún pide ciclo de secundaria|language=es|work=El País|url=https://elpais.com/politica/2015/04/10/actualidad/1428695751_759093.html|access-date=2023-02-07|issn=1134-6582}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ofishin jakadanci ==
A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, 2019, [[Komoros|Comoros]] ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta buɗe ofishin jakadancinta a Laayoune don tallafawa da'awar Moroccan ga Yammacin Sahara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1600946/world|title=First foreign diplomatic post opens in Western Sahara|website=Arab News|date=18 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Janairu 2020, [[Gabon|ƙasar Gabon]] ta buɗe ƙaramin ofishin jakadancin a Laayoune.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sahara-news.org/2274-gabon-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune.html|title=Gabon Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Sahara News|date=17 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya sai, [[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|São Tomé and Principe]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291869/sao-tome-consulate-general-laayoune/|title=Sao Tome and Principe Inaugurates Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291870/central-african-republic-laayoune/|title=Central African Republic Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ivory Coast]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/293975/cote-divoire-opens-general-consulate-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Cote d'Ivoire Opens General Consulate in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=18 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Burundi]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/294797/burundi-opens-general-consulate-in-laayoune/|title=Burundi Opens General Consulate in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=28 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ESwatini|Eswatini]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323808/eswatini-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Eswatini Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Zambiya|Zambia]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323813/zambia-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Zambia Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/11/324713/uae-officially-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=UAE Officially Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Baharen|Bahrain]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/12/328827/bahrain-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Bahrain Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=14 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma sun buɗe ofisoshin jakadancin a Laayoune.

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Mosque moulay abd el aziz laayoune.jpg|Masallacin Moulay Abd el Aziz
File:Laayoune Cathedral 2011.jpg|Tsohon [[St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral, Laayoune|Cathedral na Sipaniya na Saint Francis na Assisi]], wanda ke hidima ga ma'aikatan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Turai
File:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|Avenue Makkah al-Mukarramah
File:Monumental Arch, Laayoune.jpg|Monumental baka kusa da filin jirgin sama
File:Road to Laayoune Port.jpg|Hanyar zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa Laayoune
File:Laayoune Bus Station.jpg|Tashar bas ta Laayoune.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
*[[List of cities in Western Sahara|Jerin garuruwa a Yammacin Sahara]]

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}

==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje==
*[http://www.alaoula.ma/laayoune_tv.php Official TV channel]
*[http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ Official radio channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218182635/http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ |date=2017-12-18 }}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Laayoune]]
[[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]]</text>
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'''Laâyoune''' / / lɑː ˈj uːn / lah-YOON,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Laayoune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182721/https://www.lexico.com/definition/laayoune |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Laayoune |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;&gt;{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Laayoune|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;kuma&lt;/small&gt; UK : / l aɪ ˈ -/ ly-,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/laayoune|title=Laâyoune|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; French: [la.ajun] ) ko '''El Aaiún''' ( /ˌ ɛ l aɪ ˈ ( j ) uːn / EL eye- (Y)OON,&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/el-Aai%C3%BAn |title=el-Aaiún |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/el-aaiun|title=El Aaiún|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Spanish: [el (a) aˈʝun] ; Hassaniya Larabci : {{Lang|mey|لعيون}} , &lt;small&gt;romanized:&lt;/small&gt; {{Transl|mey|Laʕyūn/Elʕyūn}} ; Berber languages     ; {{Lang-ar|العيون|al-ʿUyūn/el-ʿUyūn}}      &amp;#x27; &lt;span&gt;The&lt;/span&gt; [[Spring (hydrology)|Springs]] &amp;#x27; ) birni ne mafi girma a yankin [[yammacin Sahara]] da ake takaddama a kai, yana da yawan jama'a 217,732 a shekara ta 2014. Birnin yana ƙarƙashin ''ikon'' [[Moroko|Maroko]]. Ana zaton kyaftin [[Ispaniya|ɗin Spain]], [[Antonio de Oro]] ne ya kafa birnin na zamani a shekara ta 1938.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=El Lawrence de Arabia Español|url=http://www.elmundo.es/magazine/2005/278/1106337900.html|author=Francisco López Barrios|publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=2005-01-23|access-date=2013-02-11|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 1940, Spain ta ayyana shi a matsayin babban birnin Saharar Spain .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} lardin Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra ne wanda Morocco ke gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], [[United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|MINURSO]].
[[Fayil:Aerial photograph of Laayoune 01.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
An raba birnin gida biyu daga kogin [[Saguia el-Hamra (river)]]. A gefen kudu kuma akwai tsohon ƙaramin gari, wanda ƴan mulkin mallaka na Spain suka gina.{{Ana buƙatan hujja|date=June 2021}} Tun daga wannan zamanin yana aiki har yanzu; (priests) suna hidima a wannan birni da [[Dakhla, Western Sahara|Dakhla]] dake a yankin kudu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Tarihi ==
''Laâyoune'' ko ''El Aaiún'' su ne fassarar Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya na ɗaya daga cikin yiwuwar Romanized [[Maghrebi Arabic]], sunayen Larabci na birni: ''Layoun'', wanda ke nufin &quot;maɓuɓɓugan ruwa&quot;, dangane da tudun ruwa da ke samar da ruwan garin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Room1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Adrian Room|title=African Placenames: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 2000 Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces, and Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abM6AAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-89950-943-3|page=62}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Garin dai ya kasance wurin da ake kira [[Zemla Intifada]] hakan ya faru a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, Shekarar 1970, wanda ya kai ga kisan kiyashin da, ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 2 zuwa 11.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Yanayi ==
[[Fayil:Laayoune-miltary checkpoint.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Birnin Laayoune, na da yanayin hamada mai zafi ( Köppen climate classification ''BWh'' ), wanda Canary Current ya daidaita shi,{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara fiye da matakin {{Convert|21|°C|0}}.
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Laayoune (1981–2010 normals)
|single line = Y
|metric first = y
| Jan high C = 22.2
| Feb high C = 22.7
| Mar high C = 24.5
| Apr high C = 23.9
| May high C = 25.6
| Jun high C = 27.4
| Jul high C = 29.5
| Aug high C = 30.4
| Sep high C = 30.0
| Oct high C = 28.6
| Nov high C = 26.0
| Dec high C = 23.2
|year high C = 26.2
|Jan mean C = 16.9
|Feb mean C = 17.6
|Mar mean C = 19.2
|Apr mean C = 19.2
|May mean C = 20.7
|Jun mean C = 22.5
|Jul mean C = 24.5
|Aug mean C = 25.2
|Sep mean C = 24.7
|Oct mean C = 23.3
|Nov mean C = 20.8
|Dec mean C = 18.0
|year mean C = 21.1
| Jan low C = 11.6
| Feb low C = 12.5
| Mar low C = 13.9
| Apr low C = 14.5
| May low C = 15.8
| Jun low C = 17.7
| Jul low C = 19.4
| Aug low C = 20.0
| Sep low C = 19.4
| Oct low C = 18.0
| Nov low C = 15.6
| Dec low C = 12.8
|year low C = 15.9
|Jan record high F =
|Feb record high F =
|Mar record high F =
|Apr record high F =
|May record high F =
|Jun record high F =
|Jul record high F =
|Aug record high F =
|Sep record high F =
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|year record high F =
|Jan record low F =
|Feb record low F =
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|Jul record low F =
|Aug record low F =
|Sep record low F =
|Oct record low F =
|Nov record low F =
|Dec record low F =
|year record low F =
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 11.1
| Feb precipitation mm = 11.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 5.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 1.1
| May precipitation mm = 0.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.5
| Sep precipitation mm = 1.5
| Oct precipitation mm = 3.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 9.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 13.3
|year precipitation mm = 57.4
|Jan snow inch =
|Feb snow inch =
|Mar snow inch =
|Apr snow inch =
|May snow inch =
|Jun snow inch =
|Jul snow inch =
|Aug snow inch =
|Sep snow inch =
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|Dec snow inch =
|year snow inch =
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days =
|Feb snow days =
|Mar snow days =
|Apr snow days =
|May snow days =
|Jun snow days =
|Jul snow days =
|Aug snow days =
|Sep snow days =
|Oct snow days =
|Nov snow days =
|Dec snow days =
|year snow days =
|Jan sun = 239.1
|Feb sun = 234.7
|Mar sun = 281.4
|Apr sun = 296.5
|May sun = 326.5
|Jun sun = 308.9
|Jul sun = 290.3
|Aug sun = 286.9
|Sep sun = 260.1
|Oct sun = 266.1
|Nov sun = 243.9
|Dec sun = 229.8
|year sun = 3264.2
|source 1 = NOAA&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| title = WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = August 4, 2021
| archive-date = August 4, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210804082852/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

=== Canjin yanayi ===
A rahoton shekara ta 2019 wanda aka buga a jaridar [[PLOS One]], an kiyasta cewa ƙarƙashin [[Representative Concentration Pathway#4.5|Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5]], yanayin &quot;matsaƙaici&quot; na [[canjin yanayi]] inda ɗumamar duniya ta kai ~ {{Convert|2.5-3|C-change|F-change}} zuwa 2100, yanayin Laayoune a cikin 2050 zai fi kama da yanayin [[Alexandria]] na yanzu. Yanayi na shekara-shekara zai ƙaru da {{Convert|1|C-change|F-change}}, da zafin rana mafi zafi a matakin{{Convert|1.8|C-change|F-change}}, yayin da zafin watan mafi sanyi zai ragu da {{Convert|0.1|C-change|F-change}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Bastin |first1=Jean-Francois |last2=Clark |first2=Emily |last3=Elliott |first3=Thomas |last4=Hart |first4=Simon |last5=van den Hoogen |first5=Johan |last6=Hordijk |first6=Iris |last7=Ma |first7=Haozhi |last8=Majumder |first8=Sabiha |last9=Manoli |first9=Gabriele |last10=Maschler |first10=Julia |last11=Mo |first11=Lidong |last12=Routh |first12=Devin |last13=Yu |first13=Kailiang |last14=Zohner |first14=Constantin M. |last15=Thomas W. |first15=Crowther |title=Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues |journal=PLOS ONE |date=10 July 2019 |volume=14 |issue=7 |at=S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0217592 |pmid=31291249 |pmc=6619606 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1417592B |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |title=Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action |at=Current vs. future cities |access-date=8 January 2023 |archive-date=8 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108082440/https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ta bakin [[Climate Action Tracker]], yanayin zafi na yanzu yana bayyana daidai da {{Convert|2.7|C-change|F-change}}, wanda yayi daidai da RCP 4.5.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/ |title=The CAT Thermometer |access-date=8 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alƙaluma ==
Birnin Laayoune, na da yawan jama'a 217,732&lt;ref name=census2014&gt;{{cite web |url=http://rgph2014.hcp.ma/file/166326/ |title=POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014 |language=ar, fr |publisher=[[Haut Commissariat au Plan|High Commission for Planning, Morocco]] |date=8 April 2015 |access-date=29 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shine birni mafi girma a Yammacin Sahara.
{| style=&quot;float: left;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; 
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Year
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Population
|-
| 1982 (Kidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 93,875&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite web |url=http://citypopulation.de/WesternSahara.html |title = Western Sahara: Provinces &amp; Urban Communes - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information | website = citypopulation.de |access-date= 22 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1994 (Kidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 136,950&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2004 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 183,691&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2014 (Kiƙaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 217,732&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|}
{{clear}}

== Tattalin arziki da matsayi ==
Birnin ya kasance cibiyar kamun kifi da kuma hako ma'adinan [[phosphate]] a yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;economist&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/17421589|title=Diplomacy over Western Sahara: 'Morocco v Algeria'|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=4 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, ƙasar ta yi tattaunawa da sabuwar yarjejeniyar kamun kifi da Turai kan kamun kifi a teku.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Wasanni ==
Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta birnin ita ce [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]]. Kulob ɗin yana taka leda a rukunin na biyu na Morocco, gasar kwallon kafa ta biyu mafi girma a ƙasar. [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]] na amfani da filin wasa na [[Stade Sheikh Mohamed Laghdaf]], domin atasayen ƴan wasa, gami da buga wasanni a ciki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Sufuri ==
[[Hassan I Airport|Filin jirgin saman Hassan I]] ne ke hidima ta zirga-zirga a birnin na Laayoune.

== Ilimi ==
Makarantu a Laâyoune sun haɗa da makarantar Sipaniya ta duniya, [[Colegio Español La Paz]], mallakar gwamnatin Spain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Santana|first=Txema|date=2015-04-10|title=El colegio español en El Aaiún pide ciclo de secundaria|language=es|work=El País|url=https://elpais.com/politica/2015/04/10/actualidad/1428695751_759093.html|access-date=2023-02-07|issn=1134-6582}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ofishin jakadanci ==
A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, 2019, [[Komoros|Comoros]] ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta buɗe ofishin jakadancinta a Laayoune don tallafawa da'awar Moroccan ga Yammacin Sahara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1600946/world|title=First foreign diplomatic post opens in Western Sahara|website=Arab News|date=18 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Janairu 2020, [[Gabon|ƙasar Gabon]] ta buɗe ƙaramin ofishin jakadancin a Laayoune.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sahara-news.org/2274-gabon-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune.html|title=Gabon Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Sahara News|date=17 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya sai, [[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|São Tomé and Principe]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291869/sao-tome-consulate-general-laayoune/|title=Sao Tome and Principe Inaugurates Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291870/central-african-republic-laayoune/|title=Central African Republic Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ivory Coast]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/293975/cote-divoire-opens-general-consulate-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Cote d'Ivoire Opens General Consulate in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=18 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Burundi]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/294797/burundi-opens-general-consulate-in-laayoune/|title=Burundi Opens General Consulate in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=28 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ESwatini|Eswatini]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323808/eswatini-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Eswatini Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Zambiya|Zambia]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323813/zambia-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Zambia Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/11/324713/uae-officially-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=UAE Officially Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Baharen|Bahrain]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/12/328827/bahrain-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Bahrain Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=14 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma sun buɗe ofisoshin jakadancin a Laayoune.

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Mosque moulay abd el aziz laayoune.jpg|Masallacin Moulay Abd el Aziz
File:Laayoune Cathedral 2011.jpg|Tsohon [[St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral, Laayoune|Cathedral na Sipaniya na Saint Francis na Assisi]], wanda ke hidima ga ma'aikatan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Turai
File:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|Avenue Makkah al-Mukarramah
File:Monumental Arch, Laayoune.jpg|Monumental baka kusa da filin jirgin sama
File:Road to Laayoune Port.jpg|Hanyar zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa Laayoune
File:Laayoune Bus Station.jpg|Tashar bas ta Laayoune.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
*[[List of cities in Western Sahara|Jerin garuruwa a Yammacin Sahara]]

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}

==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje==
*[http://www.alaoula.ma/laayoune_tv.php Official TV channel]
*[http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ Official radio channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218182635/http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ |date=2017-12-18 }}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Laayoune]]
[[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]]</text>
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'''Laâyoune''' / / lɑː ˈj uːn / lah-YOON,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Laayoune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182721/https://www.lexico.com/definition/laayoune |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Laayoune |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;&gt;{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Laayoune|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;kuma&lt;/small&gt; UK : / l aɪ ˈ -/ ly-,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/laayoune|title=Laâyoune|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; French: [la.ajun] ) ko '''El Aaiún''' ( /ˌ ɛ l aɪ ˈ ( j ) uːn / EL eye- (Y)OON,&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/el-Aai%C3%BAn |title=el-Aaiún |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/el-aaiun|title=El Aaiún|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Spanish: [el (a) aˈʝun] ; Hassaniya Larabci : {{Lang|mey|لعيون}} , &lt;small&gt;romanized:&lt;/small&gt; {{Transl|mey|Laʕyūn/Elʕyūn}} ; Berber languages     ; {{Lang-ar|العيون|al-ʿUyūn/el-ʿUyūn}}      &amp;#x27; &lt;span&gt;The&lt;/span&gt; [[Spring (hydrology)|Springs]] &amp;#x27; ) birni ne mafi girma a yankin [[yammacin Sahara]] da ake takaddama a kai, yana da yawan jama'a 217,732 a shekara ta 2014. Birnin yana ƙarƙashin ''ikon'' [[Moroko|Maroko]]. Ana zaton kyaftin [[Ispaniya|ɗin Spain]], [[Antonio de Oro]] ne ya kafa birnin na zamani a shekara ta 1938.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=El Lawrence de Arabia Español|url=http://www.elmundo.es/magazine/2005/278/1106337900.html|author=Francisco López Barrios|publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=2005-01-23|access-date=2013-02-11|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 1940, Spain ta ayyana shi a matsayin babban birnin Saharar Spain .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} lardin Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra ne wanda Morocco ke gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], [[United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|MINURSO]].
[[Fayil:Aerial photograph of Laayoune 01.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
An raba birnin gida biyu daga kogin [[Saguia el-Hamra (river)]]. A gefen kudu kuma akwai tsohon ƙaramin gari, wanda ƴan mulkin mallaka na Spain suka gina.{{Ana buƙatan hujja|date=June 2021}} Tun daga wannan zamanin yana aiki har yanzu; (priests) suna hidima a wannan birni da [[Dakhla, Western Sahara|Dakhla]] dake a yankin kudu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Tarihi ==
''Laâyoune'' ko ''El Aaiún'' su ne fassarar Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya na ɗaya daga cikin yiwuwar Romanized [[Maghrebi Arabic]], sunayen Larabci na birni: ''Layoun'', wanda ke nufin &quot;maɓuɓɓugan ruwa&quot;, dangane da tudun ruwa da ke samar da ruwan garin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Room1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Adrian Room|title=African Placenames: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 2000 Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces, and Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abM6AAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-89950-943-3|page=62}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Garin dai ya kasance wurin da ake kira [[Zemla Intifada]] hakan ya faru a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, Shekarar 1970, wanda ya kai ga kisan kiyashin da, ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 2 zuwa 11.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Yanayi ==
[[Fayil:Laayoune-miltary checkpoint.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Birnin Laayoune, na da yanayin hamada mai zafi ( Köppen climate classification ''BWh'' ), wanda Canary Current ya daidaita shi,{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara fiye da matakin {{Convert|21|°C|0}}.
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Laayoune (1981–2010 normals)
|single line = Y
|metric first = y
| Jan high C = 22.2
| Feb high C = 22.7
| Mar high C = 24.5
| Apr high C = 23.9
| May high C = 25.6
| Jun high C = 27.4
| Jul high C = 29.5
| Aug high C = 30.4
| Sep high C = 30.0
| Oct high C = 28.6
| Nov high C = 26.0
| Dec high C = 23.2
|year high C = 26.2
|Jan mean C = 16.9
|Feb mean C = 17.6
|Mar mean C = 19.2
|Apr mean C = 19.2
|May mean C = 20.7
|Jun mean C = 22.5
|Jul mean C = 24.5
|Aug mean C = 25.2
|Sep mean C = 24.7
|Oct mean C = 23.3
|Nov mean C = 20.8
|Dec mean C = 18.0
|year mean C = 21.1
| Jan low C = 11.6
| Feb low C = 12.5
| Mar low C = 13.9
| Apr low C = 14.5
| May low C = 15.8
| Jun low C = 17.7
| Jul low C = 19.4
| Aug low C = 20.0
| Sep low C = 19.4
| Oct low C = 18.0
| Nov low C = 15.6
| Dec low C = 12.8
|year low C = 15.9
|Jan record high F =
|Feb record high F =
|Mar record high F =
|Apr record high F =
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|year record low F =
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 11.1
| Feb precipitation mm = 11.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 5.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 1.1
| May precipitation mm = 0.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.5
| Sep precipitation mm = 1.5
| Oct precipitation mm = 3.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 9.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 13.3
|year precipitation mm = 57.4
|Jan snow inch =
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|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days =
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|year snow days =
|Jan sun = 239.1
|Feb sun = 234.7
|Mar sun = 281.4
|Apr sun = 296.5
|May sun = 326.5
|Jun sun = 308.9
|Jul sun = 290.3
|Aug sun = 286.9
|Sep sun = 260.1
|Oct sun = 266.1
|Nov sun = 243.9
|Dec sun = 229.8
|year sun = 3264.2
|source 1 = NOAA&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| title = WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = August 4, 2021
| archive-date = August 4, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210804082852/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

=== Canjin yanayi ===
A rahoton shekara ta 2019 wanda aka buga a jaridar [[PLOS One]], an kiyasta cewa ƙarƙashin [[Representative Concentration Pathway#4.5|Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5]], yanayin &quot;matsaƙaici&quot; na [[canjin yanayi]] inda ɗumamar duniya ta kai ~ {{Convert|2.5-3|C-change|F-change}} zuwa 2100, yanayin Laayoune a cikin 2050 zai fi kama da yanayin [[Alexandria]] na yanzu. Yanayi na shekara-shekara zai ƙaru da {{Convert|1|C-change|F-change}}, da zafin rana mafi zafi a matakin{{Convert|1.8|C-change|F-change}}, yayin da zafin watan mafi sanyi zai ragu da {{Convert|0.1|C-change|F-change}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Bastin |first1=Jean-Francois |last2=Clark |first2=Emily |last3=Elliott |first3=Thomas |last4=Hart |first4=Simon |last5=van den Hoogen |first5=Johan |last6=Hordijk |first6=Iris |last7=Ma |first7=Haozhi |last8=Majumder |first8=Sabiha |last9=Manoli |first9=Gabriele |last10=Maschler |first10=Julia |last11=Mo |first11=Lidong |last12=Routh |first12=Devin |last13=Yu |first13=Kailiang |last14=Zohner |first14=Constantin M. |last15=Thomas W. |first15=Crowther |title=Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues |journal=PLOS ONE |date=10 July 2019 |volume=14 |issue=7 |at=S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0217592 |pmid=31291249 |pmc=6619606 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1417592B |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |title=Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action |at=Current vs. future cities |access-date=8 January 2023 |archive-date=8 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108082440/https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ta bakin [[Climate Action Tracker]], yanayin zafi na yanzu yana bayyana daidai da {{Convert|2.7|C-change|F-change}}, wanda yayi daidai da RCP 4.5.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/ |title=The CAT Thermometer |access-date=8 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alƙaluma ==
Birnin Laayoune, na da yawan jama'a 217,732&lt;ref name=census2014&gt;{{cite web |url=http://rgph2014.hcp.ma/file/166326/ |title=POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014 |language=ar, fr |publisher=[[Haut Commissariat au Plan|High Commission for Planning, Morocco]] |date=8 April 2015 |access-date=29 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shine birni mafi girma a Yammacin Sahara.
{| style=&quot;float: left;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; 
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Year
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Population
|-
| 1982 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 93,875&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite web |url=http://citypopulation.de/WesternSahara.html |title = Western Sahara: Provinces &amp; Urban Communes - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information | website = citypopulation.de |access-date= 22 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1994 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 136,950&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2004 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 183,691&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2014 (Kiƙaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 217,732&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|}
{{clear}}

== Tattalin arziki da matsayi ==
Birnin ya kasance cibiyar kamun kifi da kuma hako ma'adinan [[phosphate]] a yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;economist&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/17421589|title=Diplomacy over Western Sahara: 'Morocco v Algeria'|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=4 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, ƙasar ta yi tattaunawa da sabuwar yarjejeniyar kamun kifi da Turai kan kamun kifi a teku.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Wasanni ==
Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta birnin ita ce [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]]. Kulob ɗin yana taka leda a rukunin na biyu na Morocco, gasar kwallon kafa ta biyu mafi girma a ƙasar. [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]] na amfani da filin wasa na [[Stade Sheikh Mohamed Laghdaf]], domin atasayen ƴan wasa, gami da buga wasanni a ciki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Sufuri ==
[[Hassan I Airport|Filin jirgin saman Hassan I]] ne ke hidima ta zirga-zirga a birnin na Laayoune.

== Ilimi ==
Makarantu a Laâyoune sun haɗa da makarantar Sipaniya ta duniya, [[Colegio Español La Paz]], mallakar gwamnatin Spain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Santana|first=Txema|date=2015-04-10|title=El colegio español en El Aaiún pide ciclo de secundaria|language=es|work=El País|url=https://elpais.com/politica/2015/04/10/actualidad/1428695751_759093.html|access-date=2023-02-07|issn=1134-6582}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ofishin jakadanci ==
A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, 2019, [[Komoros|Comoros]] ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta buɗe ofishin jakadancinta a Laayoune don tallafawa da'awar Moroccan ga Yammacin Sahara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1600946/world|title=First foreign diplomatic post opens in Western Sahara|website=Arab News|date=18 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Janairu 2020, [[Gabon|ƙasar Gabon]] ta buɗe ƙaramin ofishin jakadancin a Laayoune.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sahara-news.org/2274-gabon-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune.html|title=Gabon Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Sahara News|date=17 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya sai, [[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|São Tomé and Principe]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291869/sao-tome-consulate-general-laayoune/|title=Sao Tome and Principe Inaugurates Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291870/central-african-republic-laayoune/|title=Central African Republic Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ivory Coast]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/293975/cote-divoire-opens-general-consulate-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Cote d'Ivoire Opens General Consulate in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=18 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Burundi]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/294797/burundi-opens-general-consulate-in-laayoune/|title=Burundi Opens General Consulate in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=28 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ESwatini|Eswatini]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323808/eswatini-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Eswatini Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Zambiya|Zambia]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323813/zambia-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Zambia Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/11/324713/uae-officially-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=UAE Officially Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Baharen|Bahrain]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/12/328827/bahrain-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Bahrain Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=14 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma sun buɗe ofisoshin jakadancin a Laayoune.

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Mosque moulay abd el aziz laayoune.jpg|Masallacin Moulay Abd el Aziz
File:Laayoune Cathedral 2011.jpg|Tsohon [[St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral, Laayoune|Cathedral na Sipaniya na Saint Francis na Assisi]], wanda ke hidima ga ma'aikatan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Turai
File:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|Avenue Makkah al-Mukarramah
File:Monumental Arch, Laayoune.jpg|Monumental baka kusa da filin jirgin sama
File:Road to Laayoune Port.jpg|Hanyar zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa Laayoune
File:Laayoune Bus Station.jpg|Tashar bas ta Laayoune.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
*[[List of cities in Western Sahara|Jerin garuruwa a Yammacin Sahara]]

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}

==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje==
*[http://www.alaoula.ma/laayoune_tv.php Official TV channel]
*[http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ Official radio channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218182635/http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ |date=2017-12-18 }}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Laayoune]]
[[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]]</text>
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'''Laâyoune''' / / lɑː ˈj uːn / lah-YOON,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Laayoune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182721/https://www.lexico.com/definition/laayoune |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Laayoune |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;&gt;{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Laayoune|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;kuma&lt;/small&gt; UK : / l aɪ ˈ -/ ly-,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/laayoune|title=Laâyoune|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; French: [la.ajun] ) ko '''El Aaiún''' ( /ˌ ɛ l aɪ ˈ ( j ) uːn / EL eye- (Y)OON,&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/el-Aai%C3%BAn |title=el-Aaiún |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/el-aaiun|title=El Aaiún|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Spanish: [el (a) aˈʝun] ; Hassaniya Larabci : {{Lang|mey|لعيون}} , &lt;small&gt;romanized:&lt;/small&gt; {{Transl|mey|Laʕyūn/Elʕyūn}} ; Berber languages     ; {{Lang-ar|العيون|al-ʿUyūn/el-ʿUyūn}}      &amp;#x27; &lt;span&gt;The&lt;/span&gt; [[Spring (hydrology)|Springs]] &amp;#x27; ) birni ne mafi girma a yankin [[yammacin Sahara]] da ake takaddama a kai, yana da yawan jama'a 217,732 a shekara ta 2014. Birnin yana ƙarƙashin ''ikon'' [[Moroko|Maroko]]. Ana zaton kyaftin [[Ispaniya|ɗin Spain]], [[Antonio de Oro]] ne ya kafa birnin na zamani a shekara ta 1938.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=El Lawrence de Arabia Español|url=http://www.elmundo.es/magazine/2005/278/1106337900.html|author=Francisco López Barrios|publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=2005-01-23|access-date=2013-02-11|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 1940, Spain ta ayyana shi a matsayin babban birnin Saharar Spain .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} lardin Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra ne wanda Morocco ke gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], [[United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|MINURSO]].
[[Fayil:Aerial photograph of Laayoune 01.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
An raba birnin gida biyu daga kogin [[Saguia el-Hamra (river)]]. A gefen kudu kuma akwai tsohon ƙaramin gari, wanda ƴan mulkin mallaka na Spain suka gina.{{Ana buƙatan hujja|date=June 2021}} Tun daga wannan zamanin yana aiki har yanzu; (priests) suna hidima a wannan birni da [[Dakhla, Western Sahara|Dakhla]] dake a yankin kudu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Tarihi ==
''Laâyoune'' ko ''El Aaiún'' su ne fassarar Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya na ɗaya daga cikin yiwuwar Romanized [[Maghrebi Arabic]], sunayen Larabci na birni: ''Layoun'', wanda ke nufin &quot;maɓuɓɓugan ruwa&quot;, dangane da tudun ruwa da ke samar da ruwan garin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Room1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Adrian Room|title=African Placenames: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 2000 Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces, and Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abM6AAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-89950-943-3|page=62}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Garin dai ya kasance wurin da ake kira [[Zemla Intifada]] hakan ya faru a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, Shekarar 1970, wanda ya kai ga kisan kiyashin da, ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 2 zuwa 11.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Yanayi ==
[[Fayil:Laayoune-miltary checkpoint.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Birnin Laayoune, na da yanayin hamada mai zafi ( Köppen climate classification ''BWh'' ), wanda Canary Current ya daidaita shi,{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara fiye da matakin {{Convert|21|°C|0}}.
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Laayoune (1981–2010 normals)
|single line = Y
|metric first = y
| Jan high C = 22.2
| Feb high C = 22.7
| Mar high C = 24.5
| Apr high C = 23.9
| May high C = 25.6
| Jun high C = 27.4
| Jul high C = 29.5
| Aug high C = 30.4
| Sep high C = 30.0
| Oct high C = 28.6
| Nov high C = 26.0
| Dec high C = 23.2
|year high C = 26.2
|Jan mean C = 16.9
|Feb mean C = 17.6
|Mar mean C = 19.2
|Apr mean C = 19.2
|May mean C = 20.7
|Jun mean C = 22.5
|Jul mean C = 24.5
|Aug mean C = 25.2
|Sep mean C = 24.7
|Oct mean C = 23.3
|Nov mean C = 20.8
|Dec mean C = 18.0
|year mean C = 21.1
| Jan low C = 11.6
| Feb low C = 12.5
| Mar low C = 13.9
| Apr low C = 14.5
| May low C = 15.8
| Jun low C = 17.7
| Jul low C = 19.4
| Aug low C = 20.0
| Sep low C = 19.4
| Oct low C = 18.0
| Nov low C = 15.6
| Dec low C = 12.8
|year low C = 15.9
|Jan record high F =
|Feb record high F =
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|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 11.1
| Feb precipitation mm = 11.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 5.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 1.1
| May precipitation mm = 0.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.5
| Sep precipitation mm = 1.5
| Oct precipitation mm = 3.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 9.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 13.3
|year precipitation mm = 57.4
|Jan snow inch =
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|unit snow days = 0.1 in
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|year snow days =
|Jan sun = 239.1
|Feb sun = 234.7
|Mar sun = 281.4
|Apr sun = 296.5
|May sun = 326.5
|Jun sun = 308.9
|Jul sun = 290.3
|Aug sun = 286.9
|Sep sun = 260.1
|Oct sun = 266.1
|Nov sun = 243.9
|Dec sun = 229.8
|year sun = 3264.2
|source 1 = NOAA&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| title = WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = August 4, 2021
| archive-date = August 4, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210804082852/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

=== Canjin yanayi ===
A rahoton shekara ta 2019 wanda aka buga a jaridar [[PLOS One]], an kiyasta cewa ƙarƙashin [[Representative Concentration Pathway#4.5|Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5]], yanayin &quot;matsaƙaici&quot; na [[canjin yanayi]] inda ɗumamar duniya ta kai ~ {{Convert|2.5-3|C-change|F-change}} zuwa 2100, yanayin Laayoune a cikin 2050 zai fi kama da yanayin [[Alexandria]] na yanzu. Yanayi na shekara-shekara zai ƙaru da {{Convert|1|C-change|F-change}}, da zafin rana mafi zafi a matakin{{Convert|1.8|C-change|F-change}}, yayin da zafin watan mafi sanyi zai ragu da {{Convert|0.1|C-change|F-change}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Bastin |first1=Jean-Francois |last2=Clark |first2=Emily |last3=Elliott |first3=Thomas |last4=Hart |first4=Simon |last5=van den Hoogen |first5=Johan |last6=Hordijk |first6=Iris |last7=Ma |first7=Haozhi |last8=Majumder |first8=Sabiha |last9=Manoli |first9=Gabriele |last10=Maschler |first10=Julia |last11=Mo |first11=Lidong |last12=Routh |first12=Devin |last13=Yu |first13=Kailiang |last14=Zohner |first14=Constantin M. |last15=Thomas W. |first15=Crowther |title=Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues |journal=PLOS ONE |date=10 July 2019 |volume=14 |issue=7 |at=S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0217592 |pmid=31291249 |pmc=6619606 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1417592B |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |title=Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action |at=Current vs. future cities |access-date=8 January 2023 |archive-date=8 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108082440/https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ta bakin [[Climate Action Tracker]], yanayin zafi na yanzu yana bayyana daidai da {{Convert|2.7|C-change|F-change}}, wanda yayi daidai da RCP 4.5.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/ |title=The CAT Thermometer |access-date=8 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alƙaluma ==
Birnin Laayoune, na da yawan jama'a 217,732&lt;ref name=census2014&gt;{{cite web |url=http://rgph2014.hcp.ma/file/166326/ |title=POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014 |language=ar, fr |publisher=[[Haut Commissariat au Plan|High Commission for Planning, Morocco]] |date=8 April 2015 |access-date=29 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shi ne birni mafi girma a Yammacin Sahara.
{| style=&quot;float: left;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; 
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Year
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Population
|-
| A shekarar 1982 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 93,875&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite web |url=http://citypopulation.de/WesternSahara.html |title = Western Sahara: Provinces &amp; Urban Communes - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information | website = citypopulation.de |access-date= 22 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1994 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 136,950&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2004 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 183,691&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2014 (Kiƙaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 217,732&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|}
{{clear}}

== Tattalin arziki da matsayi ==
Birnin ya kasance cibiyar kamun kifi da kuma hako ma'adinan [[phosphate]] a yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;economist&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/17421589|title=Diplomacy over Western Sahara: 'Morocco v Algeria'|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=4 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, ƙasar ta yi tattaunawa da sabuwar yarjejeniyar kamun kifi da Turai kan kamun kifi a teku.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Wasanni ==
Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta birnin ita ce [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]]. Kulob ɗin yana taka leda a rukunin na biyu na Morocco, gasar kwallon kafa ta biyu mafi girma a ƙasar. [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]] na amfani da filin wasa na [[Stade Sheikh Mohamed Laghdaf]], domin atasayen ƴan wasa, gami da buga wasanni a ciki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Sufuri ==
[[Hassan I Airport|Filin jirgin saman Hassan I]] ne ke hidima ta zirga-zirga a birnin na Laayoune.

== Ilimi ==
Makarantu a Laâyoune sun haɗa da makarantar Sipaniya ta duniya, [[Colegio Español La Paz]], mallakar gwamnatin Spain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Santana|first=Txema|date=2015-04-10|title=El colegio español en El Aaiún pide ciclo de secundaria|language=es|work=El País|url=https://elpais.com/politica/2015/04/10/actualidad/1428695751_759093.html|access-date=2023-02-07|issn=1134-6582}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ofishin jakadanci ==
A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, 2019, [[Komoros|Comoros]] ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta buɗe ofishin jakadancinta a Laayoune don tallafawa da'awar Moroccan ga Yammacin Sahara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1600946/world|title=First foreign diplomatic post opens in Western Sahara|website=Arab News|date=18 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Janairu 2020, [[Gabon|ƙasar Gabon]] ta buɗe ƙaramin ofishin jakadancin a Laayoune.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sahara-news.org/2274-gabon-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune.html|title=Gabon Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Sahara News|date=17 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya sai, [[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|São Tomé and Principe]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291869/sao-tome-consulate-general-laayoune/|title=Sao Tome and Principe Inaugurates Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291870/central-african-republic-laayoune/|title=Central African Republic Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ivory Coast]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/293975/cote-divoire-opens-general-consulate-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Cote d'Ivoire Opens General Consulate in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=18 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Burundi]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/294797/burundi-opens-general-consulate-in-laayoune/|title=Burundi Opens General Consulate in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=28 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ESwatini|Eswatini]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323808/eswatini-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Eswatini Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Zambiya|Zambia]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323813/zambia-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Zambia Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/11/324713/uae-officially-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=UAE Officially Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Baharen|Bahrain]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/12/328827/bahrain-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Bahrain Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=14 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma sun buɗe ofisoshin jakadancin a Laayoune.

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Mosque moulay abd el aziz laayoune.jpg|Masallacin Moulay Abd el Aziz
File:Laayoune Cathedral 2011.jpg|Tsohon [[St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral, Laayoune|Cathedral na Sipaniya na Saint Francis na Assisi]], wanda ke hidima ga ma'aikatan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Turai
File:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|Avenue Makkah al-Mukarramah
File:Monumental Arch, Laayoune.jpg|Monumental baka kusa da filin jirgin sama
File:Road to Laayoune Port.jpg|Hanyar zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa Laayoune
File:Laayoune Bus Station.jpg|Tashar bas ta Laayoune.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
*[[List of cities in Western Sahara|Jerin garuruwa a Yammacin Sahara]]

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}

==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje==
*[http://www.alaoula.ma/laayoune_tv.php Official TV channel]
*[http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ Official radio channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218182635/http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ |date=2017-12-18 }}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Laayoune]]
[[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]]</text>
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        <username>Hon.Mubarak</username>
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      <text bytes="15697" sha1="aq1j4vjfp9t805f1k0p4185bpt6vh0i" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Laâyoune''' / / lɑː ˈj uːn / lah-YOON,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Laayoune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182721/https://www.lexico.com/definition/laayoune |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Laayoune |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;&gt;{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Laayoune|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;kuma&lt;/small&gt; UK : / l aɪ ˈ -/ ly-,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/laayoune|title=Laâyoune|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; French: [la.ajun] ) ko '''El Aaiún''' ( /ˌ ɛ l aɪ ˈ ( j ) uːn / EL eye- (Y)OON,&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/el-Aai%C3%BAn |title=el-Aaiún |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/el-aaiun|title=El Aaiún|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Spanish: [el (a) aˈʝun] ; Hassaniya Larabci : {{Lang|mey|لعيون}} , &lt;small&gt;romanized:&lt;/small&gt; {{Transl|mey|Laʕyūn/Elʕyūn}} ; Berber languages     ; {{Lang-ar|العيون|al-ʿUyūn/el-ʿUyūn}}      &amp;#x27; &lt;span&gt;The&lt;/span&gt; [[Spring (hydrology)|Springs]] &amp;#x27; ) birni ne mafi girma a yankin [[yammacin Sahara]] da ake takaddama a kai, yana da yawan jama'a 217,732 a shekara ta 2014. Birnin yana ƙarƙashin ''ikon'' [[Moroko|Maroko]]. Ana zaton kyaftin [[Ispaniya|ɗin Spain]], [[Antonio de Oro]] ne ya kafa birnin na zamani a shekara ta 1938.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=El Lawrence de Arabia Español|url=http://www.elmundo.es/magazine/2005/278/1106337900.html|author=Francisco López Barrios|publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=2005-01-23|access-date=2013-02-11|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 1940, Spain ta ayyana shi a matsayin babban birnin Saharar Spain .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} lardin Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra ne wanda Morocco ke gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], [[United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|MINURSO]].
[[Fayil:Aerial photograph of Laayoune 01.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
An raba birnin gida biyu daga kogin [[Saguia el-Hamra (river)]]. A gefen kudu kuma akwai tsohon ƙaramin gari, wanda ƴan mulkin mallaka na Spain suka gina.{{Ana buƙatan hujja|date=June 2021}} Tun daga wannan zamanin yana aiki har yanzu; (priests) suna hidima a wannan birni da [[Dakhla, Western Sahara|Dakhla]] dake a yankin kudu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Tarihi ==
''Laâyoune'' ko ''El Aaiún'' su ne fassarar Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya na ɗaya daga cikin yiwuwar Romanized [[Maghrebi Arabic]], sunayen Larabci na birni: ''Layoun'', wanda ke nufin &quot;maɓuɓɓugan ruwa&quot;, dangane da tudun ruwa da ke samar da ruwan garin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Room1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Adrian Room|title=African Placenames: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 2000 Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces, and Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abM6AAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-89950-943-3|page=62}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Garin dai ya kasance wurin da ake kira [[Zemla Intifada]] hakan ya faru a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, Shekarar 1970, wanda ya kai ga kisan kiyashin da, ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 2 zuwa 11.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Yanayi ==
[[Fayil:Laayoune-miltary checkpoint.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Birnin Laayoune, na da yanayin hamada mai zafi ( Köppen climate classification ''BWh'' ), wanda Canary Current ya daidaita shi,{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara fiye da matakin {{Convert|21|°C|0}}.
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Laayoune (1981–2010 normals)
|single line = Y
|metric first = y
| Jan high C = 22.2
| Feb high C = 22.7
| Mar high C = 24.5
| Apr high C = 23.9
| May high C = 25.6
| Jun high C = 27.4
| Jul high C = 29.5
| Aug high C = 30.4
| Sep high C = 30.0
| Oct high C = 28.6
| Nov high C = 26.0
| Dec high C = 23.2
|year high C = 26.2
|Jan mean C = 16.9
|Feb mean C = 17.6
|Mar mean C = 19.2
|Apr mean C = 19.2
|May mean C = 20.7
|Jun mean C = 22.5
|Jul mean C = 24.5
|Aug mean C = 25.2
|Sep mean C = 24.7
|Oct mean C = 23.3
|Nov mean C = 20.8
|Dec mean C = 18.0
|year mean C = 21.1
| Jan low C = 11.6
| Feb low C = 12.5
| Mar low C = 13.9
| Apr low C = 14.5
| May low C = 15.8
| Jun low C = 17.7
| Jul low C = 19.4
| Aug low C = 20.0
| Sep low C = 19.4
| Oct low C = 18.0
| Nov low C = 15.6
| Dec low C = 12.8
|year low C = 15.9
|Jan record high F =
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|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 11.1
| Feb precipitation mm = 11.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 5.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 1.1
| May precipitation mm = 0.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.5
| Sep precipitation mm = 1.5
| Oct precipitation mm = 3.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 9.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 13.3
|year precipitation mm = 57.4
|Jan snow inch =
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|unit snow days = 0.1 in
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|year snow days =
|Jan sun = 239.1
|Feb sun = 234.7
|Mar sun = 281.4
|Apr sun = 296.5
|May sun = 326.5
|Jun sun = 308.9
|Jul sun = 290.3
|Aug sun = 286.9
|Sep sun = 260.1
|Oct sun = 266.1
|Nov sun = 243.9
|Dec sun = 229.8
|year sun = 3264.2
|source 1 = NOAA&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| title = WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = August 4, 2021
| archive-date = August 4, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210804082852/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

=== Canjin yanayi ===
A rahoton shekara ta 2019 wanda aka buga a jaridar [[PLOS One]], an kiyasta cewa ƙarƙashin [[Representative Concentration Pathway#4.5|Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5]], yanayin &quot;matsaƙaici&quot; na [[canjin yanayi]] inda ɗumamar duniya ta kai ~ {{Convert|2.5-3|C-change|F-change}} zuwa 2100, yanayin Laayoune a cikin 2050 zai fi kama da yanayin [[Alexandria]] na yanzu. Yanayi na shekara-shekara zai ƙaru da {{Convert|1|C-change|F-change}}, da zafin rana mafi zafi a matakin{{Convert|1.8|C-change|F-change}}, yayin da zafin watan mafi sanyi zai ragu da {{Convert|0.1|C-change|F-change}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Bastin |first1=Jean-Francois |last2=Clark |first2=Emily |last3=Elliott |first3=Thomas |last4=Hart |first4=Simon |last5=van den Hoogen |first5=Johan |last6=Hordijk |first6=Iris |last7=Ma |first7=Haozhi |last8=Majumder |first8=Sabiha |last9=Manoli |first9=Gabriele |last10=Maschler |first10=Julia |last11=Mo |first11=Lidong |last12=Routh |first12=Devin |last13=Yu |first13=Kailiang |last14=Zohner |first14=Constantin M. |last15=Thomas W. |first15=Crowther |title=Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues |journal=PLOS ONE |date=10 July 2019 |volume=14 |issue=7 |at=S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0217592 |pmid=31291249 |pmc=6619606 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1417592B |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |title=Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action |at=Current vs. future cities |access-date=8 January 2023 |archive-date=8 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108082440/https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ta bakin [[Climate Action Tracker]], yanayin zafi na yanzu yana bayyana daidai da {{Convert|2.7|C-change|F-change}}, wanda yayi daidai da RCP 4.5.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/ |title=The CAT Thermometer |access-date=8 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alƙaluma ==
Birnin Laayoune, na da yawan jama'a 217,732&lt;ref name=census2014&gt;{{cite web |url=http://rgph2014.hcp.ma/file/166326/ |title=POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014 |language=ar, fr |publisher=[[Haut Commissariat au Plan|High Commission for Planning, Morocco]] |date=8 April 2015 |access-date=29 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shi ne birni mafi girma a Yammacin Sahara.
{| style=&quot;float: left;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; 
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Year
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Population
|-
| A shekarar 1982 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 93,875&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite web |url=http://citypopulation.de/WesternSahara.html |title = Western Sahara: Provinces &amp; Urban Communes - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information | website = citypopulation.de |access-date= 22 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1994 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 136,950&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2004 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 183,691&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2014 (Kiƙaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 217,732&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|}
{{clear}}

== Tattalin arziki da matsayi ==
Birnin ya kasance cibiyar kamun kifi da kuma hako ma'adinan [[phosphate]] a yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;economist&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/17421589|title=Diplomacy over Western Sahara: 'Morocco v Algeria'|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=4 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, ƙasar ta yi tattaunawa da sabuwar yarjejeniyar kamun kifi da Turai kan kamun kifi a teku.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Wasanni ==
Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta birnin ita ce [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]]. Kulob ɗin yana taka leda a rukunin na biyu na Morocco, gasar kwallon kafa ta biyu mafi girma a ƙasar. [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]] na amfani da filin wasa na [[Stade Sheikh Mohamed Laghdaf]], domin atasayen ƴan wasa, gami da buga wasanni a ciki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Sufuri ==
[[Hassan I Airport|Filin jirgin saman Hassan I]] ne ke hidima ta zirga-zirga a birnin na Laayoune.

== Ilimi ==
Makarantu a Laâyoune sun haɗa da makarantar Sipaniya ta duniya, [[Colegio Español La Paz]], mallakar gwamnatin Spain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Santana|first=Txema|date=2015-04-10|title=El colegio español en El Aaiún pide ciclo de secundaria|language=es|work=El País|url=https://elpais.com/politica/2015/04/10/actualidad/1428695751_759093.html|access-date=2023-02-07|issn=1134-6582}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ofishin jakadanci ==
A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, Shekarar 2019, [[Komoros|Comoros]] ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta buɗe ofishin jakadancinta a Laayoune don tallafawa da'awar Moroccan ga Yammacin Sahara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1600946/world|title=First foreign diplomatic post opens in Western Sahara|website=Arab News|date=18 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Janairu 2020, [[Gabon|ƙasar Gabon]] ta buɗe ƙaramin ofishin jakadancin a Laayoune.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sahara-news.org/2274-gabon-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune.html|title=Gabon Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Sahara News|date=17 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya sai, [[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|São Tomé and Principe]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291869/sao-tome-consulate-general-laayoune/|title=Sao Tome and Principe Inaugurates Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291870/central-african-republic-laayoune/|title=Central African Republic Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ivory Coast]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/293975/cote-divoire-opens-general-consulate-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Cote d'Ivoire Opens General Consulate in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=18 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Burundi]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/294797/burundi-opens-general-consulate-in-laayoune/|title=Burundi Opens General Consulate in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=28 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ESwatini|Eswatini]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323808/eswatini-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Eswatini Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Zambiya|Zambia]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323813/zambia-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Zambia Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/11/324713/uae-officially-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=UAE Officially Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Baharen|Bahrain]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/12/328827/bahrain-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Bahrain Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=14 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma sun buɗe ofisoshin jakadancin a Laayoune.

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Mosque moulay abd el aziz laayoune.jpg|Masallacin Moulay Abd el Aziz
File:Laayoune Cathedral 2011.jpg|Tsohon [[St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral, Laayoune|Cathedral na Sipaniya na Saint Francis na Assisi]], wanda ke hidima ga ma'aikatan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Turai
File:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|Avenue Makkah al-Mukarramah
File:Monumental Arch, Laayoune.jpg|Monumental baka kusa da filin jirgin sama
File:Road to Laayoune Port.jpg|Hanyar zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa Laayoune
File:Laayoune Bus Station.jpg|Tashar bas ta Laayoune.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
*[[List of cities in Western Sahara|Jerin garuruwa a Yammacin Sahara]]

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}

==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje==
*[http://www.alaoula.ma/laayoune_tv.php Official TV channel]
*[http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ Official radio channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218182635/http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ |date=2017-12-18 }}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Laayoune]]
[[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]]</text>
      <sha1>aq1j4vjfp9t805f1k0p4185bpt6vh0i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893022</id>
      <parentid>893021</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:06:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Hon.Mubarak</username>
        <id>45736</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893022</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="15698" sha1="fjvpd1ija7gt1okswkdjtsmk54q6amg" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Laâyoune''' / / lɑː ˈj uːn / lah-YOON,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Laayoune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182721/https://www.lexico.com/definition/laayoune |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Laayoune |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;&gt;{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Laayoune|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;kuma&lt;/small&gt; UK : / l aɪ ˈ -/ ly-,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/laayoune|title=Laâyoune|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; French: [la.ajun] ) ko '''El Aaiún''' ( /ˌ ɛ l aɪ ˈ ( j ) uːn / EL eye- (Y)OON,&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/el-Aai%C3%BAn |title=el-Aaiún |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/el-aaiun|title=El Aaiún|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Spanish: [el (a) aˈʝun] ; Hassaniya Larabci : {{Lang|mey|لعيون}} , &lt;small&gt;romanized:&lt;/small&gt; {{Transl|mey|Laʕyūn/Elʕyūn}} ; Berber languages     ; {{Lang-ar|العيون|al-ʿUyūn/el-ʿUyūn}}      &amp;#x27; &lt;span&gt;The&lt;/span&gt; [[Spring (hydrology)|Springs]] &amp;#x27; ) birni ne mafi girma a yankin [[yammacin Sahara]] da ake takaddama a kai, yana da yawan jama'a 217,732 a shekara ta 2014. Birnin yana ƙarƙashin ''ikon'' [[Moroko|Maroko]]. Ana zaton kyaftin [[Ispaniya|ɗin Spain]], [[Antonio de Oro]] ne ya kafa birnin na zamani a shekara ta 1938.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=El Lawrence de Arabia Español|url=http://www.elmundo.es/magazine/2005/278/1106337900.html|author=Francisco López Barrios|publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=2005-01-23|access-date=2013-02-11|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 1940, Spain ta ayyana shi a matsayin babban birnin Saharar Spain .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} lardin Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra ne wanda Morocco ke gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], [[United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|MINURSO]].
[[Fayil:Aerial photograph of Laayoune 01.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
An raba birnin gida biyu daga kogin [[Saguia el-Hamra (river)]]. A gefen kudu kuma akwai tsohon ƙaramin gari, wanda ƴan mulkin mallaka na Spain suka gina.{{Ana buƙatan hujja|date=June 2021}} Tun daga wannan zamanin yana aiki har yanzu; (priests) suna hidima a wannan birni da [[Dakhla, Western Sahara|Dakhla]] dake a yankin kudu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Tarihi ==
''Laâyoune'' ko ''El Aaiún'' su ne fassarar Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya na ɗaya daga cikin yiwuwar Romanized [[Maghrebi Arabic]], sunayen Larabci na birni: ''Layoun'', wanda ke nufin &quot;maɓuɓɓugan ruwa&quot;, dangane da tudun ruwa da ke samar da ruwan garin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Room1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Adrian Room|title=African Placenames: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 2000 Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces, and Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abM6AAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-89950-943-3|page=62}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Garin dai ya kasance wurin da ake kira [[Zemla Intifada]] hakan ya faru a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, Shekarar 1970, wanda ya kai ga kisan kiyashin da, ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 2 zuwa 11.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Yanayi ==
[[Fayil:Laayoune-miltary checkpoint.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Birnin Laayoune, na da yanayin hamada mai zafi ( Köppen climate classification ''BWh'' ), wanda Canary Current ya daidaita shi,{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara fiye da matakin {{Convert|21|°C|0}}.
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Laayoune (1981–2010 normals)
|single line = Y
|metric first = y
| Jan high C = 22.2
| Feb high C = 22.7
| Mar high C = 24.5
| Apr high C = 23.9
| May high C = 25.6
| Jun high C = 27.4
| Jul high C = 29.5
| Aug high C = 30.4
| Sep high C = 30.0
| Oct high C = 28.6
| Nov high C = 26.0
| Dec high C = 23.2
|year high C = 26.2
|Jan mean C = 16.9
|Feb mean C = 17.6
|Mar mean C = 19.2
|Apr mean C = 19.2
|May mean C = 20.7
|Jun mean C = 22.5
|Jul mean C = 24.5
|Aug mean C = 25.2
|Sep mean C = 24.7
|Oct mean C = 23.3
|Nov mean C = 20.8
|Dec mean C = 18.0
|year mean C = 21.1
| Jan low C = 11.6
| Feb low C = 12.5
| Mar low C = 13.9
| Apr low C = 14.5
| May low C = 15.8
| Jun low C = 17.7
| Jul low C = 19.4
| Aug low C = 20.0
| Sep low C = 19.4
| Oct low C = 18.0
| Nov low C = 15.6
| Dec low C = 12.8
|year low C = 15.9
|Jan record high F =
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|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 11.1
| Feb precipitation mm = 11.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 5.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 1.1
| May precipitation mm = 0.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.5
| Sep precipitation mm = 1.5
| Oct precipitation mm = 3.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 9.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 13.3
|year precipitation mm = 57.4
|Jan snow inch =
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|Jan sun = 239.1
|Feb sun = 234.7
|Mar sun = 281.4
|Apr sun = 296.5
|May sun = 326.5
|Jun sun = 308.9
|Jul sun = 290.3
|Aug sun = 286.9
|Sep sun = 260.1
|Oct sun = 266.1
|Nov sun = 243.9
|Dec sun = 229.8
|year sun = 3264.2
|source 1 = NOAA&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| title = WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = August 4, 2021
| archive-date = August 4, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210804082852/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

=== Canjin yanayi ===
A rahoton shekara ta 2019 wanda aka buga a jaridar [[PLOS One]], an kiyasta cewa ƙarƙashin [[Representative Concentration Pathway#4.5|Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5]], yanayin &quot;matsaƙaici&quot; na [[canjin yanayi]] inda ɗumamar duniya ta kai ~ {{Convert|2.5-3|C-change|F-change}} zuwa 2100, yanayin Laayoune a cikin 2050 zai fi kama da yanayin [[Alexandria]] na yanzu. Yanayi na shekara-shekara zai ƙaru da {{Convert|1|C-change|F-change}}, da zafin rana mafi zafi a matakin{{Convert|1.8|C-change|F-change}}, yayin da zafin watan mafi sanyi zai ragu da {{Convert|0.1|C-change|F-change}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Bastin |first1=Jean-Francois |last2=Clark |first2=Emily |last3=Elliott |first3=Thomas |last4=Hart |first4=Simon |last5=van den Hoogen |first5=Johan |last6=Hordijk |first6=Iris |last7=Ma |first7=Haozhi |last8=Majumder |first8=Sabiha |last9=Manoli |first9=Gabriele |last10=Maschler |first10=Julia |last11=Mo |first11=Lidong |last12=Routh |first12=Devin |last13=Yu |first13=Kailiang |last14=Zohner |first14=Constantin M. |last15=Thomas W. |first15=Crowther |title=Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues |journal=PLOS ONE |date=10 July 2019 |volume=14 |issue=7 |at=S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0217592 |pmid=31291249 |pmc=6619606 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1417592B |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |title=Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action |at=Current vs. future cities |access-date=8 January 2023 |archive-date=8 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108082440/https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ta bakin [[Climate Action Tracker]], yanayin zafi na yanzu yana bayyana daidai da {{Convert|2.7|C-change|F-change}}, wanda yayi daidai da RCP 4.5.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/ |title=The CAT Thermometer |access-date=8 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alƙaluma ==
Birnin Laayoune, na da yawan jama'a 217,732&lt;ref name=census2014&gt;{{cite web |url=http://rgph2014.hcp.ma/file/166326/ |title=POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014 |language=ar, fr |publisher=[[Haut Commissariat au Plan|High Commission for Planning, Morocco]] |date=8 April 2015 |access-date=29 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shi ne birni mafi girma a Yammacin Sahara.
{| style=&quot;float: left;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; 
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Year
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Population
|-
| A shekarar 1982 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 93,875&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite web |url=http://citypopulation.de/WesternSahara.html |title = Western Sahara: Provinces &amp; Urban Communes - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information | website = citypopulation.de |access-date= 22 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1994 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 136,950&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2004 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 183,691&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2014 (Kiƙaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 217,732&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|}
{{clear}}

== Tattalin arziki da matsayi ==
Birnin ya kasance cibiyar kamun kifi da kuma hako ma'adinan [[phosphate]] a yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;economist&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/17421589|title=Diplomacy over Western Sahara: 'Morocco v Algeria'|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=4 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, ƙasar ta yi tattaunawa da sabuwar yarjejeniyar kamun kifi da Turai kan kamun kifi a teku.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Wasanni ==
Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta birnin ita ce [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]]. Kulob ɗin yana taka leda a rukunin na biyu na Morocco, gasar kwallon kafa ta biyu mafi girma a ƙasar. [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]] na amfani da filin wasa na [[Stade Sheikh Mohamed Laghdaf]], domin atasayen ƴan wasa, gami da buga wasanni a ciki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Sufuri ==
[[Hassan I Airport|Filin jirgin saman Hassan I]] ne ke hidima ta zirga-zirga a birnin na Laayoune.

== Ilimi ==
Makarantu a Laâyoune sun haɗa da makarantar Sipaniya ta duniya, [[Colegio Español La Paz]], mallakar gwamnatin Spain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Santana|first=Txema|date=2015-04-10|title=El colegio español en El Aaiún pide ciclo de secundaria|language=es|work=El País|url=https://elpais.com/politica/2015/04/10/actualidad/1428695751_759093.html|access-date=2023-02-07|issn=1134-6582}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ofishin jakadanci ==
A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, Shekarar 2019, [[Komoros|Comoros]] ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta buɗe ofishin jakadancinta a Laayoune don tallafawa da'awar Moroccan ga Yammacin Sahara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1600946/world|title=First foreign diplomatic post opens in Western Sahara|website=Arab News|date=18 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Janairu 2020, [[Gabon|ƙasar Gabon]] ta buɗe ƙaramin ofishin jakadancin a Laayoune.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sahara-news.org/2274-gabon-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune.html|title=Gabon Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Sahara News|date=17 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya sai, [[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|São Tomé and Principe]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291869/sao-tome-consulate-general-laayoune/|title=Sao Tome and Principe Inaugurates Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291870/central-african-republic-laayoune/|title=Central African Republic Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ivory Coast]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/293975/cote-divoire-opens-general-consulate-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Cote d'Ivoire Opens General Consulate in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=18 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Burundi]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/294797/burundi-opens-general-consulate-in-laayoune/|title=Burundi Opens General Consulate in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=28 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ESwatini|Eswatini]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323808/eswatini-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Eswatini Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Zambiya|Zambia]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323813/zambia-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Zambia Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/11/324713/uae-officially-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=UAE Officially Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Baharen|Bahrain]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/12/328827/bahrain-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Bahrain Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=14 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma sun buɗe ofisoshin jakadancin a Laayoune.

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Mosque moulay abd el aziz laayoune.jpg|Masallacin Moulay Abd el Aziz
File:Laayoune Cathedral 2011.jpg|Tsohon [[St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral, Laayoune|Cathedral na Sipaniya na Saint Francis na Assisi]], wanda ke hidima ga ma'aikatan Majalisar ƙinkin Duniya na Turai
File:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|Avenue Makkah al-Mukarramah
File:Monumental Arch, Laayoune.jpg|Monumental baka kusa da filin jirgin sama
File:Road to Laayoune Port.jpg|Hanyar zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa Laayoune
File:Laayoune Bus Station.jpg|Tashar bas ta Laayoune.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
*[[List of cities in Western Sahara|Jerin garuruwa a Yammacin Sahara]]

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}

==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje==
*[http://www.alaoula.ma/laayoune_tv.php Official TV channel]
*[http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ Official radio channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218182635/http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ |date=2017-12-18 }}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Laayoune]]
[[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]]</text>
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'''Laâyoune''' / / lɑː ˈj uːn / lah-YOON,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Laayoune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182721/https://www.lexico.com/definition/laayoune |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Laayoune |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;&gt;{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Laayoune|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;kuma&lt;/small&gt; UK : / l aɪ ˈ -/ ly-,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/laayoune|title=Laâyoune|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; French: [la.ajun] ) ko '''El Aaiún''' ( /ˌ ɛ l aɪ ˈ ( j ) uːn / EL eye- (Y)OON,&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/el-Aai%C3%BAn |title=el-Aaiún |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/el-aaiun|title=El Aaiún|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Spanish: [el (a) aˈʝun] ; Hassaniya Larabci : {{Lang|mey|لعيون}} , &lt;small&gt;romanized:&lt;/small&gt; {{Transl|mey|Laʕyūn/Elʕyūn}} ; Berber languages     ; {{Lang-ar|العيون|al-ʿUyūn/el-ʿUyūn}}      &amp;#x27; &lt;span&gt;The&lt;/span&gt; [[Spring (hydrology)|Springs]] &amp;#x27; ) birni ne mafi girma a yankin [[yammacin Sahara]] da ake takaddama a kai, yana da yawan jama'a 217,732 a shekara ta 2014. Birnin yana ƙarƙashin ''ikon'' [[Moroko|Maroko]]. Ana zaton kyaftin [[Ispaniya|ɗin Spain]], [[Antonio de Oro]] ne ya kafa birnin na zamani a shekara ta 1938.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=El Lawrence de Arabia Español|url=http://www.elmundo.es/magazine/2005/278/1106337900.html|author=Francisco López Barrios|publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=2005-01-23|access-date=2013-02-11|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 1940, Spain ta ayyana shi a matsayin babban birnin Saharar Spain .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} lardin Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra ne wanda Morocco ke gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], [[United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|MINURSO]].
[[Fayil:Aerial photograph of Laayoune 01.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
An raba birnin gida biyu daga kogin [[Saguia el-Hamra (river)]]. A gefen kudu kuma akwai tsohon ƙaramin gari, wanda ƴan mulkin mallaka na Spain suka gina.{{Ana buƙatan hujja|date=June 2021}} Tun daga wannan zamanin yana aiki har yanzu; (priests) suna hidima a wannan birni da [[Dakhla, Western Sahara|Dakhla]] dake a yankin kudu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Tarihi ==
''Laâyoune'' ko ''El Aaiún'' su ne fassarar Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya na ɗaya daga cikin yiwuwar Romanized [[Maghrebi Arabic]], sunayen Larabci na birni: ''Layoun'', wanda ke nufin &quot;maɓuɓɓugan ruwa&quot;, dangane da tudun ruwa da ke samar da ruwan garin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Room1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Adrian Room|title=African Placenames: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 2000 Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces, and Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abM6AAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-89950-943-3|page=62}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Garin dai ya kasance wurin da ake kira [[Zemla Intifada]] hakan ya faru a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, Shekarar 1970, wanda ya kai ga kisan kiyashin da, ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 2 zuwa 11.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Yanayi ==
[[Fayil:Laayoune-miltary checkpoint.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Birnin Laayoune, na da yanayin hamada mai zafi ( Köppen climate classification ''BWh'' ), wanda Canary Current ya daidaita shi,{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara fiye da matakin {{Convert|21|°C|0}}.
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Laayoune (1981–2010 normals)
|single line = Y
|metric first = y
| Jan high C = 22.2
| Feb high C = 22.7
| Mar high C = 24.5
| Apr high C = 23.9
| May high C = 25.6
| Jun high C = 27.4
| Jul high C = 29.5
| Aug high C = 30.4
| Sep high C = 30.0
| Oct high C = 28.6
| Nov high C = 26.0
| Dec high C = 23.2
|year high C = 26.2
|Jan mean C = 16.9
|Feb mean C = 17.6
|Mar mean C = 19.2
|Apr mean C = 19.2
|May mean C = 20.7
|Jun mean C = 22.5
|Jul mean C = 24.5
|Aug mean C = 25.2
|Sep mean C = 24.7
|Oct mean C = 23.3
|Nov mean C = 20.8
|Dec mean C = 18.0
|year mean C = 21.1
| Jan low C = 11.6
| Feb low C = 12.5
| Mar low C = 13.9
| Apr low C = 14.5
| May low C = 15.8
| Jun low C = 17.7
| Jul low C = 19.4
| Aug low C = 20.0
| Sep low C = 19.4
| Oct low C = 18.0
| Nov low C = 15.6
| Dec low C = 12.8
|year low C = 15.9
|Jan record high F =
|Feb record high F =
|Mar record high F =
|Apr record high F =
|May record high F =
|Jun record high F =
|Jul record high F =
|Aug record high F =
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|Oct record high F =
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|Dec record high F =
|year record high F =
|Jan record low F =
|Feb record low F =
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|Apr record low F =
|May record low F =
|Jun record low F =
|Jul record low F =
|Aug record low F =
|Sep record low F =
|Oct record low F =
|Nov record low F =
|Dec record low F =
|year record low F =
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 11.1
| Feb precipitation mm = 11.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 5.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 1.1
| May precipitation mm = 0.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.5
| Sep precipitation mm = 1.5
| Oct precipitation mm = 3.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 9.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 13.3
|year precipitation mm = 57.4
|Jan snow inch =
|Feb snow inch =
|Mar snow inch =
|Apr snow inch =
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|Jun snow inch =
|Jul snow inch =
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|year snow inch =
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days =
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|Jun snow days =
|Jul snow days =
|Aug snow days =
|Sep snow days =
|Oct snow days =
|Nov snow days =
|Dec snow days =
|year snow days =
|Jan sun = 239.1
|Feb sun = 234.7
|Mar sun = 281.4
|Apr sun = 296.5
|May sun = 326.5
|Jun sun = 308.9
|Jul sun = 290.3
|Aug sun = 286.9
|Sep sun = 260.1
|Oct sun = 266.1
|Nov sun = 243.9
|Dec sun = 229.8
|year sun = 3264.2
|source 1 = NOAA&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| title = WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = August 4, 2021
| archive-date = August 4, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210804082852/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

=== Canjin yanayi ===
A rahoton shekara ta 2019 wanda aka buga a jaridar [[PLOS One]], an kiyasta cewa ƙarƙashin [[Representative Concentration Pathway#4.5|Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5]], yanayin &quot;matsaƙaici&quot; na [[canjin yanayi]] inda ɗumamar duniya ta kai ~ {{Convert|2.5-3|C-change|F-change}} zuwa 2100, yanayin Laayoune a cikin 2050 zai fi kama da yanayin [[Alexandria]] na yanzu. Yanayi na shekara-shekara zai ƙaru da {{Convert|1|C-change|F-change}}, da zafin rana mafi zafi a matakin{{Convert|1.8|C-change|F-change}}, yayin da zafin watan mafi sanyi zai ragu da {{Convert|0.1|C-change|F-change}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Bastin |first1=Jean-Francois |last2=Clark |first2=Emily |last3=Elliott |first3=Thomas |last4=Hart |first4=Simon |last5=van den Hoogen |first5=Johan |last6=Hordijk |first6=Iris |last7=Ma |first7=Haozhi |last8=Majumder |first8=Sabiha |last9=Manoli |first9=Gabriele |last10=Maschler |first10=Julia |last11=Mo |first11=Lidong |last12=Routh |first12=Devin |last13=Yu |first13=Kailiang |last14=Zohner |first14=Constantin M. |last15=Thomas W. |first15=Crowther |title=Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues |journal=PLOS ONE |date=10 July 2019 |volume=14 |issue=7 |at=S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0217592 |pmid=31291249 |pmc=6619606 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1417592B |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |title=Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action |at=Current vs. future cities |access-date=8 January 2023 |archive-date=8 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108082440/https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ta bakin [[Climate Action Tracker]], yanayin zafi na yanzu yana bayyana daidai da {{Convert|2.7|C-change|F-change}}, wanda yayi daidai da RCP 4.5.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/ |title=The CAT Thermometer |access-date=8 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alƙaluma ==
Birnin Laayoune, na da yawan jama'a 217,732&lt;ref name=census2014&gt;{{cite web |url=http://rgph2014.hcp.ma/file/166326/ |title=POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014 |language=ar, fr |publisher=[[Haut Commissariat au Plan|High Commission for Planning, Morocco]] |date=8 April 2015 |access-date=29 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shi ne birni mafi girma a Yammacin Sahara.
{| style=&quot;float: left;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; 
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Year
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Population
|-
| A shekarar 1982 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 93,875&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite web |url=http://citypopulation.de/WesternSahara.html |title = Western Sahara: Provinces &amp; Urban Communes - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information | website = citypopulation.de |access-date= 22 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1994 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 136,950&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2004 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 183,691&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2014 (Kiƙaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 217,732&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|}
{{clear}}

== Tattalin arziki da matsayi ==
Birnin ya kasance cibiyar kamun kifi da kuma hako ma'adinan [[phosphate]] a yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;economist&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/17421589|title=Diplomacy over Western Sahara: 'Morocco v Algeria'|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=4 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, ƙasar ta yi tattaunawa da sabuwar yarjejeniyar kamun kifi da Turai kan kamun kifi a teku.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Wasanni ==
Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta birnin ita ce [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]]. Kulob ɗin yana taka leda a rukunin na biyu na Morocco, gasar kwallon kafa ta biyu mafi girma a ƙasar. [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]] na amfani da filin wasa na [[Stade Sheikh Mohamed Laghdaf]], domin atasayen ƴan wasa, gami da buga wasanni a ciki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Sufuri ==
[[Hassan I Airport|Filin jirgin saman Hassan I]] ne ke hidima ta zirga-zirga a birnin na Laayoune.

== Ilimi ==
Makarantu a Laâyoune sun haɗa da makarantar Sipaniya ta duniya, [[Colegio Español La Paz]], mallakar gwamnatin Spain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Santana|first=Txema|date=2015-04-10|title=El colegio español en El Aaiún pide ciclo de secundaria|language=es|work=El País|url=https://elpais.com/politica/2015/04/10/actualidad/1428695751_759093.html|access-date=2023-02-07|issn=1134-6582}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ofishin jakadanci ==
A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, Shekarar 2019, [[Komoros|Comoros]] ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta buɗe ofishin jakadancinta a Laayoune don tallafawa da'awar Moroccan ga Yammacin Sahara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1600946/world|title=First foreign diplomatic post opens in Western Sahara|website=Arab News|date=18 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Janairu 2020, [[Gabon|ƙasar Gabon]] ta buɗe ƙaramin ofishin jakadancin a Laayoune.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sahara-news.org/2274-gabon-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune.html|title=Gabon Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Sahara News|date=17 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya sai, [[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|São Tomé and Principe]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291869/sao-tome-consulate-general-laayoune/|title=Sao Tome and Principe Inaugurates Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291870/central-african-republic-laayoune/|title=Central African Republic Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ivory Coast]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/293975/cote-divoire-opens-general-consulate-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Cote d'Ivoire Opens General Consulate in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=18 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Burundi]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/294797/burundi-opens-general-consulate-in-laayoune/|title=Burundi Opens General Consulate in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=28 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ESwatini|Eswatini]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323808/eswatini-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Eswatini Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Zambiya|Zambia]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323813/zambia-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Zambia Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/11/324713/uae-officially-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=UAE Officially Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Baharen|Bahrain]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/12/328827/bahrain-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Bahrain Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=14 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma sun buɗe ofisoshin jakadancin a Laayoune.

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Mosque moulay abd el aziz laayoune.jpg|Masallacin Moulay Abd el Aziz
File:Laayoune Cathedral 2011.jpg|Tsohon [[St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral, Laayoune|Cathedral na Sipaniya na Saint Francis na Assisi]], wanda ke hidima ga ma'aikatan Majalisar ƙinkin Duniya na Turai
File:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|Avenue Makkah al-Mukarramah
File:Monumental Arch, Laayoune.jpg|Monumental baka kusa da filin jirgin sama
File:Road to Laayoune Port.jpg|Hanyar zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa Laayoune
File:Laayoune Bus Station.jpg|Tashar bas ta Laayoune.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
*[[List of cities in Western Sahara|Jerin garuruwa a Yammacin Sahara]]

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}

==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje==
*[http://www.alaoula.ma/laayoune_tv.php Official TV channel]
*[http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ Official radio channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218182635/http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ |date=2017-12-18 }}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Laayoune]]
[[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]]</text>
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'''Laâyoune''' / / lɑː ˈj uːn / lah-YOON,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Laayoune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182721/https://www.lexico.com/definition/laayoune |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Laayoune |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;&gt;{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Laayoune|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;kuma&lt;/small&gt; UK : / l aɪ ˈ -/ ly-,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/laayoune|title=Laâyoune|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; French: [la.ajun] ) ko '''El Aaiún''' ( /ˌ ɛ l aɪ ˈ ( j ) uːn / EL eye- (Y)OON,&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/el-Aai%C3%BAn |title=el-Aaiún |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/el-aaiun|title=El Aaiún|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Spanish: [el (a) aˈʝun] ; Hassaniya Larabci : {{Lang|mey|لعيون}} , &lt;small&gt;romanized:&lt;/small&gt; {{Transl|mey|Laʕyūn/Elʕyūn}} ; Berber languages     ; {{Lang-ar|العيون|al-ʿUyūn/el-ʿUyūn}}      &amp;#x27; &lt;span&gt;The&lt;/span&gt; [[Spring (hydrology)|Springs]] &amp;#x27; ) birni ne mafi girma a yankin [[yammacin Sahara]] da ake takaddama a kai, yana da yawan jama'a 217,732 a shekara ta 2014. Birnin yana ƙarƙashin ''ikon'' [[Moroko|Maroko]]. Ana zaton kyaftin [[Ispaniya|ɗin Spain]], [[Antonio de Oro]] ne ya kafa birnin na zamani a shekara ta 1938.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=El Lawrence de Arabia Español|url=http://www.elmundo.es/magazine/2005/278/1106337900.html|author=Francisco López Barrios|publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=2005-01-23|access-date=2013-02-11|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 1940, Spain ta ayyana shi a matsayin babban birnin Saharar Spain .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} lardin Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra ne wanda Morocco ke gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], [[United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|MINURSO]].
[[Fayil:Aerial photograph of Laayoune 01.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
An raba birnin gida biyu daga kogin [[Saguia el-Hamra (river)]]. A gefen kudu kuma akwai tsohon ƙaramin gari, wanda ƴan mulkin mallaka na Spain suka gina.{{Ana buƙatan hujja|date=June 2021}} Tun daga wannan zamanin yana aiki har yanzu; (priests) suna hidima a wannan birni da [[Dakhla, Western Sahara|Dakhla]] dake a yankin kudu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Tarihi ==
''Laâyoune'' ko ''El Aaiún'' su ne fassarar Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya na ɗaya daga cikin yiwuwar Romanized [[Maghrebi Arabic]], sunayen Larabci na birni: ''Layoun'', wanda ke nufin &quot;maɓuɓɓugan ruwa&quot;, dangane da tudun ruwa da ke samar da ruwan garin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Room1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Adrian Room|title=African Placenames: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 2000 Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces, and Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abM6AAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-89950-943-3|page=62}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Garin dai ya kasance wurin da ake kira [[Zemla Intifada]] hakan ya faru a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, Shekarar 1970, wanda ya kai ga kisan kiyashin da, ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 2 zuwa 11.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Yanayi ==
[[Fayil:Laayoune-miltary checkpoint.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Birnin Laayoune, na da yanayin hamada mai zafi ( Köppen climate classification ''BWh'' ), wanda Canary Current ya daidaita shi,{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara fiye da matakin {{Convert|21|°C|0}}.
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Laayoune (1981–2010 normals)
|single line = Y
|metric first = y
| Jan high C = 22.2
| Feb high C = 22.7
| Mar high C = 24.5
| Apr high C = 23.9
| May high C = 25.6
| Jun high C = 27.4
| Jul high C = 29.5
| Aug high C = 30.4
| Sep high C = 30.0
| Oct high C = 28.6
| Nov high C = 26.0
| Dec high C = 23.2
|year high C = 26.2
|Jan mean C = 16.9
|Feb mean C = 17.6
|Mar mean C = 19.2
|Apr mean C = 19.2
|May mean C = 20.7
|Jun mean C = 22.5
|Jul mean C = 24.5
|Aug mean C = 25.2
|Sep mean C = 24.7
|Oct mean C = 23.3
|Nov mean C = 20.8
|Dec mean C = 18.0
|year mean C = 21.1
| Jan low C = 11.6
| Feb low C = 12.5
| Mar low C = 13.9
| Apr low C = 14.5
| May low C = 15.8
| Jun low C = 17.7
| Jul low C = 19.4
| Aug low C = 20.0
| Sep low C = 19.4
| Oct low C = 18.0
| Nov low C = 15.6
| Dec low C = 12.8
|year low C = 15.9
|Jan record high F =
|Feb record high F =
|Mar record high F =
|Apr record high F =
|May record high F =
|Jun record high F =
|Jul record high F =
|Aug record high F =
|Sep record high F =
|Oct record high F =
|Nov record high F =
|Dec record high F =
|year record high F =
|Jan record low F =
|Feb record low F =
|Mar record low F =
|Apr record low F =
|May record low F =
|Jun record low F =
|Jul record low F =
|Aug record low F =
|Sep record low F =
|Oct record low F =
|Nov record low F =
|Dec record low F =
|year record low F =
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 11.1
| Feb precipitation mm = 11.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 5.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 1.1
| May precipitation mm = 0.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.5
| Sep precipitation mm = 1.5
| Oct precipitation mm = 3.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 9.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 13.3
|year precipitation mm = 57.4
|Jan snow inch =
|Feb snow inch =
|Mar snow inch =
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|Jun snow inch =
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|Aug snow inch =
|Sep snow inch =
|Oct snow inch =
|Nov snow inch =
|Dec snow inch =
|year snow inch =
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days =
|Feb snow days =
|Mar snow days =
|Apr snow days =
|May snow days =
|Jun snow days =
|Jul snow days =
|Aug snow days =
|Sep snow days =
|Oct snow days =
|Nov snow days =
|Dec snow days =
|year snow days =
|Jan sun = 239.1
|Feb sun = 234.7
|Mar sun = 281.4
|Apr sun = 296.5
|May sun = 326.5
|Jun sun = 308.9
|Jul sun = 290.3
|Aug sun = 286.9
|Sep sun = 260.1
|Oct sun = 266.1
|Nov sun = 243.9
|Dec sun = 229.8
|year sun = 3264.2
|source 1 = NOAA&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| title = WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = August 4, 2021
| archive-date = August 4, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210804082852/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

=== Canjin yanayi ===
A rahoton shekara ta 2019 wanda aka buga a jaridar [[PLOS One]], an kiyasta cewa ƙarƙashin [[Representative Concentration Pathway#4.5|Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5]], yanayin &quot;matsaƙaici&quot; na [[canjin yanayi]] inda ɗumamar duniya ta kai ~ {{Convert|2.5-3|C-change|F-change}} zuwa 2100, yanayin Laayoune a cikin 2050 zai fi kama da yanayin [[Alexandria]] na yanzu. Yanayi na shekara-shekara zai ƙaru da {{Convert|1|C-change|F-change}}, da zafin rana mafi zafi a matakin{{Convert|1.8|C-change|F-change}}, yayin da zafin watan mafi sanyi zai ragu da {{Convert|0.1|C-change|F-change}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Bastin |first1=Jean-Francois |last2=Clark |first2=Emily |last3=Elliott |first3=Thomas |last4=Hart |first4=Simon |last5=van den Hoogen |first5=Johan |last6=Hordijk |first6=Iris |last7=Ma |first7=Haozhi |last8=Majumder |first8=Sabiha |last9=Manoli |first9=Gabriele |last10=Maschler |first10=Julia |last11=Mo |first11=Lidong |last12=Routh |first12=Devin |last13=Yu |first13=Kailiang |last14=Zohner |first14=Constantin M. |last15=Thomas W. |first15=Crowther |title=Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues |journal=PLOS ONE |date=10 July 2019 |volume=14 |issue=7 |at=S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0217592 |pmid=31291249 |pmc=6619606 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1417592B |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |title=Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action |at=Current vs. future cities |access-date=8 January 2023 |archive-date=8 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108082440/https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ta bakin [[Climate Action Tracker]], yanayin zafi na yanzu yana bayyana daidai da {{Convert|2.7|C-change|F-change}}, wanda yayi daidai da RCP 4.5.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/ |title=The CAT Thermometer |access-date=8 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alƙaluma ==
Birnin Laayoune, na da yawan jama'a 217,732&lt;ref name=census2014&gt;{{cite web |url=http://rgph2014.hcp.ma/file/166326/ |title=POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014 |language=ar, fr |publisher=[[Haut Commissariat au Plan|High Commission for Planning, Morocco]] |date=8 April 2015 |access-date=29 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shi ne birni mafi girma a Yammacin Sahara.
{| style=&quot;float: left;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; 
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Year
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Population
|-
| A shekarar 1982 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 93,875&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite web |url=http://citypopulation.de/WesternSahara.html |title = Western Sahara: Provinces &amp; Urban Communes - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information | website = citypopulation.de |access-date= 22 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1994 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 136,950&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2004 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 183,691&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2014 (Kiƙaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 217,732&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|}
{{clear}}

== Tattalin arziƙi da matsayi ==
Birnin ya kasance cibiyar kamun kifi da kuma hako ma'adinan [[phosphate]] a yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;economist&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/17421589|title=Diplomacy over Western Sahara: 'Morocco v Algeria'|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=4 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, ƙasar ta yi tattaunawa da sabuwar yarjejeniyar kamun kifi da Turai kan kamun kifi a teku.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Wasanni ==
Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta birnin ita ce [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]]. Kulob ɗin yana taka leda a rukunin na biyu na Morocco, gasar kwallon kafa ta biyu mafi girma a ƙasar. [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]] na amfani da filin wasa na [[Stade Sheikh Mohamed Laghdaf]], domin atasayen ƴan wasa, gami da buga wasanni a ciki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Sufuri ==
[[Hassan I Airport|Filin jirgin saman Hassan I]] ne ke hidima ta zirga-zirga a birnin na Laayoune.

== Ilimi ==
Makarantu a Laâyoune sun haɗa da makarantar Sipaniya ta duniya, [[Colegio Español La Paz]], mallakar gwamnatin Spain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Santana|first=Txema|date=2015-04-10|title=El colegio español en El Aaiún pide ciclo de secundaria|language=es|work=El País|url=https://elpais.com/politica/2015/04/10/actualidad/1428695751_759093.html|access-date=2023-02-07|issn=1134-6582}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ofishin jakadanci ==
A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, Shekarar 2019, [[Komoros|Comoros]] ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta buɗe ofishin jakadancinta a Laayoune don tallafawa da'awar Moroccan ga Yammacin Sahara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1600946/world|title=First foreign diplomatic post opens in Western Sahara|website=Arab News|date=18 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Janairu shekarar 2020, [[Gabon|ƙasar Gabon]] ta buɗe ƙaramin ofishin jakadancin a Laayoune.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sahara-news.org/2274-gabon-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune.html|title=Gabon Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Sahara News|date=17 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya sai, [[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|São Tomé and Principe]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291869/sao-tome-consulate-general-laayoune/|title=Sao Tome and Principe Inaugurates Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291870/central-african-republic-laayoune/|title=Central African Republic Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ivory Coast]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/293975/cote-divoire-opens-general-consulate-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Cote d'Ivoire Opens General Consulate in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=18 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Burundi]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/294797/burundi-opens-general-consulate-in-laayoune/|title=Burundi Opens General Consulate in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=28 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ESwatini|Eswatini]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323808/eswatini-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Eswatini Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Zambiya|Zambia]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323813/zambia-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Zambia Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/11/324713/uae-officially-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=UAE Officially Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Baharen|Bahrain]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/12/328827/bahrain-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Bahrain Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=14 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma sun buɗe ofisoshin jakadancin a Laayoune.

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Mosque moulay abd el aziz laayoune.jpg|Masallacin Moulay Abd el Aziz
File:Laayoune Cathedral 2011.jpg|Tsohon [[St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral, Laayoune|Cathedral na Sipaniya na Saint Francis na Assisi]], wanda ke hidima ga ma'aikatan Majalisar ƙinkin Duniya na Turai
File:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|Avenue Makkah al-Mukarramah
File:Monumental Arch, Laayoune.jpg|Monumental baka kusa da filin jirgin sama
File:Road to Laayoune Port.jpg|Hanyar zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa Laayoune
File:Laayoune Bus Station.jpg|Tashar bas ta Laayoune.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
*[[List of cities in Western Sahara|Jerin garuruwa a Yammacin Sahara]]

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}

==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje==
*[http://www.alaoula.ma/laayoune_tv.php Official TV channel]
*[http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ Official radio channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218182635/http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ |date=2017-12-18 }}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Laayoune]]
[[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]]</text>
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'''Laâyoune''' / / lɑː ˈj uːn / lah-YOON,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Laayoune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182721/https://www.lexico.com/definition/laayoune |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Laayoune |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;&gt;{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Laayoune|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;kuma&lt;/small&gt; UK : / l aɪ ˈ -/ ly-,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/laayoune|title=Laâyoune|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; French: [la.ajun] ) ko '''El Aaiún''' ( /ˌ ɛ l aɪ ˈ ( j ) uːn / EL eye- (Y)OON,&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/el-Aai%C3%BAn |title=el-Aaiún |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/el-aaiun|title=El Aaiún|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Spanish: [el (a) aˈʝun] ; Hassaniya Larabci : {{Lang|mey|لعيون}} , &lt;small&gt;romanized:&lt;/small&gt; {{Transl|mey|Laʕyūn/Elʕyūn}} ; Berber languages     ; {{Lang-ar|العيون|al-ʿUyūn/el-ʿUyūn}}      &amp;#x27; &lt;span&gt;The&lt;/span&gt; [[Spring (hydrology)|Springs]] &amp;#x27; ) birni ne mafi girma a yankin [[yammacin Sahara]] da ake takaddama a kai, yana da yawan jama'a 217,732 a shekara ta 2014. Birnin yana ƙarƙashin ''ikon'' [[Moroko|Maroko]]. Ana zaton kyaftin [[Ispaniya|ɗin Spain]], [[Antonio de Oro]] ne ya kafa birnin na zamani a shekara ta 1938.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=El Lawrence de Arabia Español|url=http://www.elmundo.es/magazine/2005/278/1106337900.html|author=Francisco López Barrios|publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=2005-01-23|access-date=2013-02-11|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 1940, Spain ta ayyana shi a matsayin babban birnin Saharar Spain .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} lardin Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra ne wanda Morocco ke gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], [[United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|MINURSO]].
[[Fayil:Aerial photograph of Laayoune 01.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
An raba birnin gida biyu daga kogin [[Saguia el-Hamra (river)]]. A gefen kudu kuma akwai tsohon ƙaramin gari, wanda ƴan mulkin mallaka na Spain suka gina.{{Ana buƙatan hujja|date=June 2021}} Tun daga wannan zamanin yana aiki har yanzu; (priests) suna hidima a wannan birni da [[Dakhla, Western Sahara|Dakhla]] dake a yankin kudu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Tarihi ==
''Laâyoune'' ko ''El Aaiún'' su ne fassarar Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya na ɗaya daga cikin yiwuwar Romanized [[Maghrebi Arabic]], sunayen Larabci na birni: ''Layoun'', wanda ke nufin &quot;maɓuɓɓugan ruwa&quot;, dangane da tudun ruwa da ke samar da ruwan garin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Room1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Adrian Room|title=African Placenames: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 2000 Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces, and Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abM6AAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-89950-943-3|page=62}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Garin dai ya kasance wurin da ake kira [[Zemla Intifada]] hakan ya faru a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, Shekarar 1970, wanda ya kai ga kisan kiyashin da, ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 2 zuwa 11.{{Ana buƙatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Yanayi ==
[[Fayil:Laayoune-miltary checkpoint.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Birnin Laayoune, na da yanayin hamada mai zafi ( Köppen climate classification ''BWh'' ), wanda Canary Current ya daidaita shi,{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara fiye da matakin {{Convert|21|°C|0}}.
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Laayoune (1981–2010 normals)
|single line = Y
|metric first = y
| Jan high C = 22.2
| Feb high C = 22.7
| Mar high C = 24.5
| Apr high C = 23.9
| May high C = 25.6
| Jun high C = 27.4
| Jul high C = 29.5
| Aug high C = 30.4
| Sep high C = 30.0
| Oct high C = 28.6
| Nov high C = 26.0
| Dec high C = 23.2
|year high C = 26.2
|Jan mean C = 16.9
|Feb mean C = 17.6
|Mar mean C = 19.2
|Apr mean C = 19.2
|May mean C = 20.7
|Jun mean C = 22.5
|Jul mean C = 24.5
|Aug mean C = 25.2
|Sep mean C = 24.7
|Oct mean C = 23.3
|Nov mean C = 20.8
|Dec mean C = 18.0
|year mean C = 21.1
| Jan low C = 11.6
| Feb low C = 12.5
| Mar low C = 13.9
| Apr low C = 14.5
| May low C = 15.8
| Jun low C = 17.7
| Jul low C = 19.4
| Aug low C = 20.0
| Sep low C = 19.4
| Oct low C = 18.0
| Nov low C = 15.6
| Dec low C = 12.8
|year low C = 15.9
|Jan record high F =
|Feb record high F =
|Mar record high F =
|Apr record high F =
|May record high F =
|Jun record high F =
|Jul record high F =
|Aug record high F =
|Sep record high F =
|Oct record high F =
|Nov record high F =
|Dec record high F =
|year record high F =
|Jan record low F =
|Feb record low F =
|Mar record low F =
|Apr record low F =
|May record low F =
|Jun record low F =
|Jul record low F =
|Aug record low F =
|Sep record low F =
|Oct record low F =
|Nov record low F =
|Dec record low F =
|year record low F =
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 11.1
| Feb precipitation mm = 11.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 5.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 1.1
| May precipitation mm = 0.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.5
| Sep precipitation mm = 1.5
| Oct precipitation mm = 3.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 9.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 13.3
|year precipitation mm = 57.4
|Jan snow inch =
|Feb snow inch =
|Mar snow inch =
|Apr snow inch =
|May snow inch =
|Jun snow inch =
|Jul snow inch =
|Aug snow inch =
|Sep snow inch =
|Oct snow inch =
|Nov snow inch =
|Dec snow inch =
|year snow inch =
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days =
|Feb snow days =
|Mar snow days =
|Apr snow days =
|May snow days =
|Jun snow days =
|Jul snow days =
|Aug snow days =
|Sep snow days =
|Oct snow days =
|Nov snow days =
|Dec snow days =
|year snow days =
|Jan sun = 239.1
|Feb sun = 234.7
|Mar sun = 281.4
|Apr sun = 296.5
|May sun = 326.5
|Jun sun = 308.9
|Jul sun = 290.3
|Aug sun = 286.9
|Sep sun = 260.1
|Oct sun = 266.1
|Nov sun = 243.9
|Dec sun = 229.8
|year sun = 3264.2
|source 1 = NOAA&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| title = WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = August 4, 2021
| archive-date = August 4, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210804082852/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

=== Canjin yanayi ===
A rahoton shekara ta 2019 wanda aka buga a jaridar [[PLOS One]], an kiyasta cewa ƙarƙashin [[Representative Concentration Pathway#4.5|Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5]], yanayin &quot;matsaƙaici&quot; na [[canjin yanayi]] inda ɗumamar duniya ta kai ~ {{Convert|2.5-3|C-change|F-change}} zuwa 2100, yanayin Laayoune a cikin 2050 zai fi kama da yanayin [[Alexandria]] na yanzu. Yanayi na shekara-shekara zai ƙaru da {{Convert|1|C-change|F-change}}, da zafin rana mafi zafi a matakin{{Convert|1.8|C-change|F-change}}, yayin da zafin watan mafi sanyi zai ragu da {{Convert|0.1|C-change|F-change}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Bastin |first1=Jean-Francois |last2=Clark |first2=Emily |last3=Elliott |first3=Thomas |last4=Hart |first4=Simon |last5=van den Hoogen |first5=Johan |last6=Hordijk |first6=Iris |last7=Ma |first7=Haozhi |last8=Majumder |first8=Sabiha |last9=Manoli |first9=Gabriele |last10=Maschler |first10=Julia |last11=Mo |first11=Lidong |last12=Routh |first12=Devin |last13=Yu |first13=Kailiang |last14=Zohner |first14=Constantin M. |last15=Thomas W. |first15=Crowther |title=Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues |journal=PLOS ONE |date=10 July 2019 |volume=14 |issue=7 |at=S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0217592 |pmid=31291249 |pmc=6619606 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1417592B |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |title=Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action |at=Current vs. future cities |access-date=8 January 2023 |archive-date=8 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108082440/https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ta bakin [[Climate Action Tracker]], yanayin zafi na yanzu yana bayyana daidai da {{Convert|2.7|C-change|F-change}}, wanda yayi daidai da RCP 4.5.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/ |title=The CAT Thermometer |access-date=8 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alƙaluma ==
Birnin Laayoune, na da yawan jama'a 217,732&lt;ref name=census2014&gt;{{cite web |url=http://rgph2014.hcp.ma/file/166326/ |title=POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014 |language=ar, fr |publisher=[[Haut Commissariat au Plan|High Commission for Planning, Morocco]] |date=8 April 2015 |access-date=29 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shi ne birni mafi girma a Yammacin Sahara.
{| style=&quot;float: left;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; 
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Year
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Population
|-
| A shekarar 1982 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 93,875&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite web |url=http://citypopulation.de/WesternSahara.html |title = Western Sahara: Provinces &amp; Urban Communes - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information | website = citypopulation.de |access-date= 22 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1994 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 136,950&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2004 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 183,691&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2014 (Kiƙaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 217,732&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|}
{{clear}}

== Tattalin arziƙi da matsayi ==
Birnin ya kasance cibiyar kamun kifi da kuma hako ma'adinan [[phosphate]] a yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;economist&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/17421589|title=Diplomacy over Western Sahara: 'Morocco v Algeria'|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=4 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, ƙasar ta yi tattaunawa da sabuwar yarjejeniyar kamun kifi da Turai kan kamun kifi a teku.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Wasanni ==
Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta birnin ita ce [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]]. Kulob ɗin yana taka leda a rukunin na biyu na Morocco, gasar kwallon kafa ta biyu mafi girma a ƙasar. [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]] na amfani da filin wasa na [[Stade Sheikh Mohamed Laghdaf]], domin atasayen ƴan wasa, gami da buga wasanni a ciki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Sufuri ==
[[Hassan I Airport|Filin jirgin saman Hassan I]] ne ke hidima ta zirga-zirga a birnin na Laayoune.

== Ilimi ==
Makarantu a Laâyoune sun haɗa da makarantar Sipaniya ta duniya, [[Colegio Español La Paz]], mallakar gwamnatin Spain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Santana|first=Txema|date=2015-04-10|title=El colegio español en El Aaiún pide ciclo de secundaria|language=es|work=El País|url=https://elpais.com/politica/2015/04/10/actualidad/1428695751_759093.html|access-date=2023-02-07|issn=1134-6582}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ofishin jakadanci ==
A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, Shekarar 2019, [[Komoros|Comoros]] ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta buɗe ofishin jakadancinta a Laayoune don tallafawa da'awar Moroccan ga Yammacin Sahara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1600946/world|title=First foreign diplomatic post opens in Western Sahara|website=Arab News|date=18 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Janairu shekarar 2020, [[Gabon|ƙasar Gabon]] ta buɗe ƙaramin ofishin jakadancin a Laayoune.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sahara-news.org/2274-gabon-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune.html|title=Gabon Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Sahara News|date=17 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya sai, [[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|São Tomé and Principe]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291869/sao-tome-consulate-general-laayoune/|title=Sao Tome and Principe Inaugurates Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291870/central-african-republic-laayoune/|title=Central African Republic Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ivory Coast]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/293975/cote-divoire-opens-general-consulate-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Cote d'Ivoire Opens General Consulate in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=18 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Burundi]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/294797/burundi-opens-general-consulate-in-laayoune/|title=Burundi Opens General Consulate in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=28 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ESwatini|Eswatini]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323808/eswatini-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Eswatini Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Zambiya|Zambia]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323813/zambia-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Zambia Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/11/324713/uae-officially-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=UAE Officially Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Baharen|Bahrain]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/12/328827/bahrain-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Bahrain Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=14 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma sun buɗe ofisoshin jakadancin a Laayoune.

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Mosque moulay abd el aziz laayoune.jpg|Masallacin Moulay Abd el Aziz
File:Laayoune Cathedral 2011.jpg|Tsohon [[St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral, Laayoune|Cathedral na Sipaniya na Saint Francis na Assisi]], wanda ke hidima ga ma'aikatan Majalisar ƙinkin Duniya na Turai
File:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|Avenue Makkah al-Mukarramah
File:Monumental Arch, Laayoune.jpg|Monumental baka kusa da filin jirgin sama
File:Road to Laayoune Port.jpg|Hanyar zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa Laayoune
File:Laayoune Bus Station.jpg|Tashar bas ta Laayoune.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
*[[List of cities in Western Sahara|Jerin garuruwa a Yammacin Sahara]]

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}

==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje==
*[http://www.alaoula.ma/laayoune_tv.php Official TV channel]
*[http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ Official radio channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218182635/http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ |date=2017-12-18 }}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Laayoune]]
[[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]]</text>
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'''Laâyoune''' / / lɑː ˈj uːn / lah-YOON,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Laayoune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182721/https://www.lexico.com/definition/laayoune |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Laayoune |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;&gt;{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Laayoune|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;kuma&lt;/small&gt; UK : / l aɪ ˈ -/ ly-,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/laayoune|title=Laâyoune|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; French: [la.ajun] ) ko '''El Aaiún''' ( /ˌ ɛ l aɪ ˈ ( j ) uːn / EL eye- (Y)OON,&lt;ref name=&quot;MW&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/el-Aai%C3%BAn |title=el-Aaiún |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/el-aaiun|title=El Aaiún|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Spanish: [el (a) aˈʝun] ; Hassaniya Larabci : {{Lang|mey|لعيون}} , &lt;small&gt;romanized:&lt;/small&gt; {{Transl|mey|Laʕyūn/Elʕyūn}} ; Berber languages     ; {{Lang-ar|العيون|al-ʿUyūn/el-ʿUyūn}}      &amp;#x27; &lt;span&gt;The&lt;/span&gt; [[Spring (hydrology)|Springs]] &amp;#x27; ) birni ne mafi girma a yankin [[yammacin Sahara]] da ake takaddama a kai, yana da yawan jama'a 217,732 a shekara ta 2014. Birnin yana ƙarƙashin ''ikon'' [[Moroko|Maroko]]. Ana zaton kyaftin [[Ispaniya|ɗin Spain]], [[Antonio de Oro]] ne ya kafa birnin na zamani a shekara ta 1938.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=El Lawrence de Arabia Español|url=http://www.elmundo.es/magazine/2005/278/1106337900.html|author=Francisco López Barrios|publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=2005-01-23|access-date=2013-02-11|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 1940, Spain ta ayyana shi a matsayin babban birnin Saharar Spain .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} lardin Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra ne wanda Morocco ke gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], [[United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|MINURSO]].
[[Fayil:Aerial photograph of Laayoune 01.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
An raba birnin gida biyu daga kogin [[Saguia el-Hamra (river)]]. A gefen kudu kuma akwai tsohon ƙaramin gari, wanda ƴan mulkin mallaka na Spain suka gina.{{Ana buƙatan hujja|date=June 2021}} Tun daga wannan zamanin yana aiki har yanzu; (priests) suna hidima a wannan birni da [[Dakhla, Western Sahara|Dakhla]] dake a yankin kudu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Tarihi ==
''Laâyoune'' ko ''El Aaiún'' su ne fassarar Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya na ɗaya daga cikin yiwuwar Romanized [[Maghrebi Arabic]], sunayen Larabci na birni: ''Layoun'', wanda ke nufin &quot;maɓuɓɓugan ruwa&quot;, dangane da tudun ruwa da ke samar da ruwan garin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Room1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Adrian Room|title=African Placenames: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 2000 Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces, and Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abM6AAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-89950-943-3|page=62}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Garin dai ya kasance wurin da ake kira [[Zemla Intifada]] hakan ya faru a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, Shekarar 1970, wanda ya kai ga kisan kiyashin da, ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 2 zuwa 11.{{Ana buƙatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Yanayi ==
[[Fayil:Laayoune-miltary checkpoint.jpg|thumb|Laayoune]]
Birnin Laayoune, na da yanayin hamada mai zafi ( Köppen climate classification ''BWh'' ), wanda Canary Current ya daidaita shi,{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara fiye da matakin {{Convert|21|°C|0}}.
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Laayoune (1981–2010 normals)
|single line = Y
|metric first = y
| Jan high C = 22.2
| Feb high C = 22.7
| Mar high C = 24.5
| Apr high C = 23.9
| May high C = 25.6
| Jun high C = 27.4
| Jul high C = 29.5
| Aug high C = 30.4
| Sep high C = 30.0
| Oct high C = 28.6
| Nov high C = 26.0
| Dec high C = 23.2
|year high C = 26.2
|Jan mean C = 16.9
|Feb mean C = 17.6
|Mar mean C = 19.2
|Apr mean C = 19.2
|May mean C = 20.7
|Jun mean C = 22.5
|Jul mean C = 24.5
|Aug mean C = 25.2
|Sep mean C = 24.7
|Oct mean C = 23.3
|Nov mean C = 20.8
|Dec mean C = 18.0
|year mean C = 21.1
| Jan low C = 11.6
| Feb low C = 12.5
| Mar low C = 13.9
| Apr low C = 14.5
| May low C = 15.8
| Jun low C = 17.7
| Jul low C = 19.4
| Aug low C = 20.0
| Sep low C = 19.4
| Oct low C = 18.0
| Nov low C = 15.6
| Dec low C = 12.8
|year low C = 15.9
|Jan record high F =
|Feb record high F =
|Mar record high F =
|Apr record high F =
|May record high F =
|Jun record high F =
|Jul record high F =
|Aug record high F =
|Sep record high F =
|Oct record high F =
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|Dec record high F =
|year record high F =
|Jan record low F =
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|Aug record low F =
|Sep record low F =
|Oct record low F =
|Nov record low F =
|Dec record low F =
|year record low F =
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 11.1
| Feb precipitation mm = 11.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 5.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 1.1
| May precipitation mm = 0.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.5
| Sep precipitation mm = 1.5
| Oct precipitation mm = 3.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 9.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 13.3
|year precipitation mm = 57.4
|Jan snow inch =
|Feb snow inch =
|Mar snow inch =
|Apr snow inch =
|May snow inch =
|Jun snow inch =
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|year snow inch =
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days =
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|Jun snow days =
|Jul snow days =
|Aug snow days =
|Sep snow days =
|Oct snow days =
|Nov snow days =
|Dec snow days =
|year snow days =
|Jan sun = 239.1
|Feb sun = 234.7
|Mar sun = 281.4
|Apr sun = 296.5
|May sun = 326.5
|Jun sun = 308.9
|Jul sun = 290.3
|Aug sun = 286.9
|Sep sun = 260.1
|Oct sun = 266.1
|Nov sun = 243.9
|Dec sun = 229.8
|year sun = 3264.2
|source 1 = NOAA&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| title = WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = August 4, 2021
| archive-date = August 4, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210804082852/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033.csv
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

=== Canjin yanayi ===
A rahoton shekara ta 2019 wanda aka buga a jaridar [[PLOS One]], an kiyasta cewa ƙarƙashin [[Representative Concentration Pathway#4.5|Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5]], yanayin &quot;matsaƙaici&quot; na [[canjin yanayi]] inda ɗumamar duniya ta kai ~ {{Convert|2.5-3|C-change|F-change}} zuwa 2100, yanayin Laayoune a cikin 2050 zai fi kama da yanayin [[Alexandria]] na yanzu. Yanayi na shekara-shekara zai ƙaru da {{Convert|1|C-change|F-change}}, da zafin rana mafi zafi a matakin{{Convert|1.8|C-change|F-change}}, yayin da zafin watan mafi sanyi zai ragu da {{Convert|0.1|C-change|F-change}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Bastin |first1=Jean-Francois |last2=Clark |first2=Emily |last3=Elliott |first3=Thomas |last4=Hart |first4=Simon |last5=van den Hoogen |first5=Johan |last6=Hordijk |first6=Iris |last7=Ma |first7=Haozhi |last8=Majumder |first8=Sabiha |last9=Manoli |first9=Gabriele |last10=Maschler |first10=Julia |last11=Mo |first11=Lidong |last12=Routh |first12=Devin |last13=Yu |first13=Kailiang |last14=Zohner |first14=Constantin M. |last15=Thomas W. |first15=Crowther |title=Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues |journal=PLOS ONE |date=10 July 2019 |volume=14 |issue=7 |at=S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0217592 |pmid=31291249 |pmc=6619606 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1417592B |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |title=Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action |at=Current vs. future cities |access-date=8 January 2023 |archive-date=8 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108082440/https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ta bakin [[Climate Action Tracker]], yanayin zafi na yanzu yana bayyana daidai da {{Convert|2.7|C-change|F-change}}, wanda yayi daidai da RCP 4.5.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/ |title=The CAT Thermometer |access-date=8 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alƙaluma ==
Birnin Laayoune, na da yawan jama'a 217,732&lt;ref name=census2014&gt;{{cite web |url=http://rgph2014.hcp.ma/file/166326/ |title=POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014 |language=ar, fr |publisher=[[Haut Commissariat au Plan|High Commission for Planning, Morocco]] |date=8 April 2015 |access-date=29 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shi ne birni mafi girma a Yammacin Sahara.
{| style=&quot;float: left;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; 
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Year
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Population
|-
| A shekarar 1982 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 93,875&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite web |url=http://citypopulation.de/WesternSahara.html |title = Western Sahara: Provinces &amp; Urban Communes - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information | website = citypopulation.de |access-date= 22 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1994 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 136,950&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2004 (ƙidaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 183,691&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|-
| 2014 (Kiƙaya) || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 217,732&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|}
{{clear}}

== Tattalin arziƙi da matsayi ==
Birnin ya kasance cibiyar kamun kifi da kuma hako ma'adinan [[phosphate]] a yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;economist&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/17421589|title=Diplomacy over Western Sahara: 'Morocco v Algeria'|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=4 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, ƙasar ta yi tattaunawa da sabuwar yarjejeniyar kamun kifi da Turai kan kamun kifi a teku.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Wasanni ==
Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta birnin ita ce [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]]. Kulob ɗin yana taka leda a rukunin na biyu na Morocco, gasar kwallon kafa ta biyu mafi girma a ƙasar. [[JS Massira|Jeunesse Massira]] na amfani da filin wasa na [[Stade Sheikh Mohamed Laghdaf]], domin atasayen ƴan wasa, gami da buga wasanni a ciki.{{Ana buƙatan hujja|date=June 2021}}

== Sufuri ==
[[Hassan I Airport|Filin jirgin saman Hassan I]] ne ke hidima ta zirga-zirga a birnin na Laayoune.

== Ilimi ==
Makarantu a Laâyoune sun haɗa da makarantar Sipaniya ta duniya, [[Colegio Español La Paz]], mallakar gwamnatin Spain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Santana|first=Txema|date=2015-04-10|title=El colegio español en El Aaiún pide ciclo de secundaria|language=es|work=El País|url=https://elpais.com/politica/2015/04/10/actualidad/1428695751_759093.html|access-date=2023-02-07|issn=1134-6582}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ofishin jakadanci ==
A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, Shekarar 2019, [[Komoros|Comoros]] ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta buɗe ofishin jakadancinta a Laayoune don tallafawa da'awar Moroccan ga Yammacin Sahara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1600946/world|title=First foreign diplomatic post opens in Western Sahara|website=Arab News|date=18 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Janairu shekarar 2020, [[Gabon|ƙasar Gabon]] ta buɗe ƙaramin ofishin jakadancin a Laayoune.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sahara-news.org/2274-gabon-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune.html|title=Gabon Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Sahara News|date=17 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya sai, [[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|São Tomé and Principe]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291869/sao-tome-consulate-general-laayoune/|title=Sao Tome and Principe Inaugurates Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/01/291870/central-african-republic-laayoune/|title=Central African Republic Opens Consulate General in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ivory Coast]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/293975/cote-divoire-opens-general-consulate-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Cote d'Ivoire Opens General Consulate in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=18 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Burundi]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/02/294797/burundi-opens-general-consulate-in-laayoune/|title=Burundi Opens General Consulate in Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=28 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ESwatini|Eswatini]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323808/eswatini-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Eswatini Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Zambiya|Zambia]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/10/323813/zambia-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=Zambia Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=27 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/11/324713/uae-officially-opens-consulate-general-in-moroccos-laayoune/|title=UAE Officially Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune|website=Morocco World News|date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Baharen|Bahrain]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/12/328827/bahrain-opens-consulate-general-in-laayoune-southern-morocco/|title=Bahrain Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco|website=Morocco World News|date=14 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma sun buɗe ofisoshin jakadancin a Laayoune.

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Mosque moulay abd el aziz laayoune.jpg|Masallacin Moulay Abd el Aziz
File:Laayoune Cathedral 2011.jpg|Tsohon [[St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral, Laayoune|Cathedral na Sipaniya na Saint Francis na Assisi]], wanda ke hidima ga ma'aikatan Majalisar ƙinkin Duniya na Turai
File:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|Avenue Makkah al-Mukarramah
File:Monumental Arch, Laayoune.jpg|Monumental baka kusa da filin jirgin sama
File:Road to Laayoune Port.jpg|Hanyar zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa Laayoune
File:Laayoune Bus Station.jpg|Tashar bas ta Laayoune.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
*[[List of cities in Western Sahara|Jerin garuruwa a Yammacin Sahara]]

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}

==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje==
*[http://www.alaoula.ma/laayoune_tv.php Official TV channel]
*[http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ Official radio channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218182635/http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ |date=2017-12-18 }}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Laayoune]]
[[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Salifou Fatimata Bazeye</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="5148" sha1="1l9zxn6lv8cmsl0njjyewtt5h9v6838" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox|Salifou Fatimata Bazeye}}
'''Salifou Fatimata Bazèye,''' wacce aka fi sani da '''Fatoumata Bazèye''' da '''Fatoumata Bazaî''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.nigerdiaspora.net/actualites-du-pays/politique/4467-la-consecration-des-justes- |access-date=2023-03-05 |archive-date=2023-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305123241/https://www.nigerdiaspora.net/actualites-du-pays/politique/4467-la-consecration-des-justes- |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ƴar asalin ƙasar Nijar ce, tsohuwar majistare, shugabar kotun ƙolin Nijar kuma daga 2007 zuwa 2009 shugabar kotun tsarin mulkin Nijar. Hukunce-hukuncen kotuna kan sake fasalin kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar da shugaban ƙasar Nijar Mamadou Tandja ya shirya, ya kai ga korar ta daga kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar tare da ƙara taɓarɓarewar tsarin mulkin Nijar a shekarar 2009-2010. Bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi a Jamhuriyar Nijar a shekara ta 2010, an naɗa ta shugabar kotun tsarin mulki ta Nijar.

== Baya ==
An haife ta a 1951 a Dosso, Bazaye ta sami horon shari'a a [[Faransa]] a Ecole Nationale de la Magistrature de Paris. Bazeye ta auri wani jami’in gwamnati kuma uwar ‘ya’ya da dama.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.jeuneafrique.com/203041/politique/salifou-fatimata-bazeye/&lt;/ref&gt; Ta koma Nijar ne a matsayin Majistare, kuma ta yi fice a fagen siyasa a shekarar 2005, a matsayinta na mamba a Kotun Ƙoli, ta ƙi amincewa da buƙatar gwamnati ta miƙa ma Majalisun da ke yajin aiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Duk da wannan, an zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin kujerun kotun tsarin mulkin da aka keɓe wa masana shari'a a shekarar 2007, kuma gwamnati ta amince da ita. Daga nan ne mambobinta suka zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar kotun.

== Rikicin Tsarin Mulki na 2009 ==
A shekara ta 2009, ta jagoranci kotun ta yanke hukunci guda biyu na bai-ɗaya da ke adawa da yunƙurin [[Jerin shugabannin ƙasar Nijar|shugaban ƙasar Nijar]] [[Mamadou Tandja]] na gudanar da zaɓen raba gardama na yin murabus da kundin tsarin mulkin Nijar da kuma ci gaba da zama kan karagar mulki yayin da aka tsara sabon kundin tsarin mulki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://tamtaminfo.com/?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1437&amp;Itemid |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-05 |archive-date=2023-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305123234/https://tamtaminfo.com/?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1437&amp;Itemid |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukuncin farko (wanda ba a ɗaure) ba, wanda aka gabatar a ranar 26 ga Mayu, 2009, ya jawo korar shugaban ƙasa na Majalisar Dokoki&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20110724183233/http://af.reuters.com/article/nigerNews/idAFLQ4311320090526?feedType=RSS&amp;feedName=nigerNews&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://nigerdiaspora.info/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302073056/https://nigerdiaspora.info/ |date=2023-03-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ta ƙasa yayin da aka ci gaba da yanke hukunci a ranar 12 ga Yuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://tamtaminfo.com/?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=1589%3Asentence-de-la-cour-constitutionnelle-un-president-contre-letat&amp;catid=44%3Apolitique&amp;Itemid=61 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-05 |archive-date=2023-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305121555/https://tamtaminfo.com/?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=1589%3Asentence-de-la-cour-constitutionnelle-un-president-contre-letat&amp;catid=44%3Apolitique&amp;Itemid=61 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga bisani shugaba Tandja ya aiwatar da shirinsa na sabon kundin tsarin mulki tare da korar kotun tsarin mulkin ƙasar. A watan Fabrairun 2010 ne sojoji suka yi masa juyin mulki, inda aka mayar da mulki ga gwamnatin farar hula a shekara ta 2011.

== Jamhuriya ta bakwai ==
Bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi a Nijar a shekara ta 2010 da kuma faɗuwar [[Mamadou Tandja]], Majalisar ƙoli ta rikon kwarya ta CSRD ta naɗa Ms. Bazèye a matsayin shugabar mambobi 11 na ''majalisar tsarin mulkin ƙasar'', wata babbar kotun tuntuɓa a lokacin miƙa mulki ga tsarin mulki. [[Nigerien Seventh Republic|Jamhuriyar Nijar Jamhuriyar Bakwai]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://tamtaminfo.com/?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3680%3Ainstallation-des-organes-de-la-transition-le-pouvoir-de-decision-reste-au-csrd&amp;catid=44%3Apolitique&amp;Itemid=61 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-05 |archive-date=2023-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305121558/https://tamtaminfo.com/?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3680%3Ainstallation-des-organes-de-la-transition-le-pouvoir-de-decision-reste-au-csrd&amp;catid=44%3Apolitique&amp;Itemid=61 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Disambar 2011 mawallafin jaridar [[Media Trust|Daily Trust]] na [[Najeriya]] sun ba Ms. Bazèye lambar yabo ta &quot; ''Gwarzon Afirka'' &quot; karo na 4 na shekara saboda &quot;kyakkyawar tarihinta a matsayin jami'ar shari'a da ba ta cin hanci.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://allafrica.com/stories/201112040044.html{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Salifou Fatimata Bazeye, Jurist Who Backed Democracy in Niger, Named 'African of the Year'&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1954]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Alejandro Balde</title>
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      <text bytes="8260" sha1="c9rae2gfxurexredld4bw7b86p4zmye" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} {{Stub}}
[[Fayil:Karamoko Dembele 2019.jpg|thumb|Alejandro Balde]]
[[Fayil:FC Red Bull Salzburg gegen CF Barcelona (Testspiel 4. August 2021) 71.jpg|thumb|Alejandro Balde yayi gwagwarmaya ]]
[[Fayil:Esapana-inglaterra-74 (48899354493).jpg|thumb|Alejandro Balde]]
'''Alejandro Balde''' An haife shi a Barcelona, Kataloniya, ga mahaifin ɗan ƙasar Guinea kuma mahaifiyar Dominican,[3] Balde ya koma FC Barcelona a cikin 2011 yana ɗan shekara takwas bayan ya samu matsayi a RCD Espanyol.[4] A cikin Yuli 2021, ya sanya hannu kan sabunta kwangilar tare da Barcelona har zuwa 2024

==Manazarta==
and-barcelona-scout-report-tactical-analysis-tactics |archive-date=2 January 2023 |access-date=22 January 2025 |work=Total Football Analysis Magazine |language=en-GB |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; His speed is also a great asset for him when he carries the ball through opposition lines. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kulig |first=Jacek |date=6 June 2020 |title=Alejandro Balde |url=https://footballtalentscout.net/home/alejandro-balde/ |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=Football Talent Scout |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Career statistics==
===Club===
{{updated|match played 23 May 2026}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Soccerway|alejandro-balde-martinez/632541}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Club
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Season
!colspan=&quot;3&quot;|League
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Copa del Rey]]
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[UEFA#Club|Europe]]
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Other
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[FC Barcelona Atlètic|Barcelona Atlètic]]
|[[2020–21 Segunda División B|2020–21]]
|[[Segunda División RFEF|Segunda División B]]
|15||0||colspan=&quot;2&quot;|—||colspan=&quot;2&quot;|—||1{{efn|Appearance in [[Segunda División B play-offs]]}}||0||16||0
|-
|[[2021–22 Primera División RFEF|2021–22]]
|[[Primera División RFEF]]
|14||0||colspan=&quot;2&quot;|—||colspan=&quot;2&quot;|—||0||0||14||0
|-
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Total
!29!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!30!!0
|-
|rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]
|[[2021–22 FC Barcelona season|2021–22]]
|[[La Liga]]
|5||0||0||0||2{{efn|name=UCL|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}}||0||0||0||7||0
|-
|[[2022–23 FC Barcelona season|2022–23]]
|La Liga
|33||1||4||0||6{{efn|Four appearances in UEFA Champions League, two appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}}||0||1{{efn|name=SDE|Appearance(s) in [[Supercopa de España]]}}||0||44||1
|-
|[[2023–24 FC Barcelona season|2023–24]]
|La Liga
|18||0||2||1||6{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||2{{efn|name=SDE}}||0||28||1
|-
|[[2024–25 FC Barcelona season|2024–25]]
|La Liga
|32||0||3||0||10{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||2{{efn|name=SDE}}||1||47||1
|-
|[[2025–26 FC Barcelona season|2025–26]]
|La Liga
|28||0||4||0||8{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||2{{efn|name=SDE}}||0||42||0
|-
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Total
!116||1||13||1||32||0||7||1||168||3
|-
!colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Career total
!145!!1!!13!!1!!32!!0!!8!!1!!198!!3
|}
{{notelist}}

===International===
{{updated|match played 12 October 2023}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://eu-football.info/_player.php?id=32229|title=Alejandro Balde|website=EU-Football.info|access-date=27 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+ Appearances and goals by national team and year
|-
!National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Spain national football team|Spain]]
|2022||4||0
|-
|2023||3||0
|-
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Total!!7!!0
|}

==Honours==
'''Barcelona'''
*[[La Liga]]: [[2022–23 La Liga|2022–23]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/3344756/fc-barcelona-liga-champions-202223 |title=FC Barcelona, Liga champions 2022/23! |website=FC Barcelona |date=14 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[2024–25 La Liga|2024–25]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 May 2025 |title=Barcelona Win La Liga, Complete 2024-25 Domestic Treble |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/barcelona-win-la-liga-complete-2024-25-domestic-treble |access-date=16 May 2025|website=SI |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[2025–26 La Liga|2025–26]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 May 2026 |title=Barcelona Clinch 29th La Liga Title in Dominant El Clasico |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/barcelona-clinch-29th-la-liga-title-el-clasico |access-date=10 May 2026|website=SI |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Copa del Rey]]: [[2024–25 Copa del Rey|2024–25]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=26 April 2025 |title=Barcelona win thrilling Copa del Rey and drive Madrid to red card fury |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/apr/27/barcelona-real-madrid-copa-del-rey-match-report |access-date=16 May 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Supercopa de España]]: [[2023 Supercopa de España|2023]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/live/football/64284870 |title=Spanish Super Cup: Barcelona beat Real Madrid. |website=BBC Sport |date=15 January 2023 |access-date=15 January 2023 |archive-date=25 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125094004/https://www.bbc.com/sport/live/football/64284870 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[2025 Supercopa de España|2025]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 January 2025 |title=FC Barcelona win the Super Cup in a final for the history books (2-5) |url=https://rfef.es/en/noticias/match-report-fc-barcelona-win-the-super-cup-in-a-final-for-the-history-books-2-5 |access-date=13 January 2025 |website= |publisher=[[Real Federación Española de Fútbol]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[2026 Supercopa de España|2026]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first= |last= |title=Barcelona vs Real Madrid Highlights, El Clasico Supercopa Final: Barcelona Beat Real Madrid 3-2 In Thriller, Clinch 1st Trophy Of Season| url=https://sports.ndtv.com/football/barcelona-vs-real-madrid-live-updates-supercopa-de-espana-final-live-score-super-cup-live-streaming-mbappe-vinicius-raphinha-lamine-yamal-10688288| access-date=12 January 2026|website=NDTV}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Individual'''
*[[La Liga]] Team of the Season: [[2022–23 La Liga#Awards|2022–23]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.laliga.com/noticias/los-premios-team-of-the-season-de-ea-sportstm-y-laliga-revelan-a-los-mejores-15-jugadores-de-la-temporada |title=Los Premios 'Team Of The Season' de EA SPORTSTM y LaLiga revelan a los mejores 15 jugadores de la temporada |trans-title=The EA SPORTSTM and LaLiga 'Team Of The Season' Awards reveal the best 15 players of the season |date=19 May 2023|access-date=21 May 2023|publisher=La Liga}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[International Federation of Football History &amp; Statistics#The World Youth (U20) Team|IFFHS Men's World Youth (U20) Team]]: 2023&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=5 January 2024|title=IFFHS MEN'S YOUTH (U20) WORLD TEAM 2023|url=https://iffhs.com/en/news/iffhs-mens-youth-u20-world-team-2023-3301|access-date=5 January 2024|website=IFFHS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[IFFHS]] Men's Youth (U20) UEFA Team: 2023&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=IFFHS MEN'S YOUTH (U20) UEFA TEAM 2023 |url=https://iffhs.com/en/news/iffhs-mens-youth-u20-uefa-team-2023-3387|date=5 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/players/68906/alejandro-balde Profile] at the FC Barcelona website
* [https://rfef.es/es/selecciones/jugadores/alejandro-balde Profile] at the Royal Spanish Football Federation website {{in lang|es}}
* {{UEFA player}}

{{FC Barcelona squad}}
{{Spain squad 2022 FIFA World Cup}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Balde, Alejandro}}
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Footballers from Barcelona]]
[[Category:Spanish men's footballers]]
[[Category:Spain men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Spain men's under-21 international footballers]]
[[Category:Spain men's international footballers]]
[[Category:Spanish people of Bissau-Guinean descent]]
[[Category:Spanish people of Dominican Republic descent]]
[[Category:Sportspeople of Dominican Republic descent]]
[[Category:Men's association football full-backs]]
[[Category:La Liga players]]
[[Category:Primera Federación players]]
[[Category:Segunda División B players]]
[[Category:FC Barcelona Atlètic players]]
[[Category:FC Barcelona players]]
[[Category:2022 FIFA World Cup players]]
[[Category:21st-century Spanish sportsmen]]
[[Category:Sportspeople of Bissau-Guinean descent]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jabir Sani Mai-hula</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>44276</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893479</id>
      <parentid>552380</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:06:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893479</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1200" sha1="g357qn2d0qqp91drnx0ampj9i2ioc33" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Dr Jabir Sani Mai-hula''' an haifeshi 3 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1981 a garin Sifawa da ke [[jihar Sokoto]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/rahotanni-56199626|date = 26 February 2021|title =Ku San Malamanku tare da Sheikh Dr Jabir Sani Maihula|website = BBC Hausa.Com|accessdate = 1 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karatu ==
Mal Jabir ya fara karatun Addinin Musulunci a hannun Iyayensa, inda bayan sauke [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alqur'ani]] mai girma ya cigaba da kjaratun littafin. Ya halarci firamare da duka a cikin garin sakkwato inda yayi sakandaren Kwalejin Fasaha ta Rinjin Sokoto. Bayan kammala karatun sakandare ya samu gurbin karatu a jami'ar Madina inda ya karanta fannin hadisi duk da cewa sai da ya shekara ɗaya a koyon harshen Larabci. Ya kuma yi digiri ta biyu a fannin harkokin siyasa da Alqalanci duka a Jami'ar Madina. Bayan kammala karatun sa a 2005 ya dawo Najeriya. Ya halacci Jami'ar [[East London]] dake Burtaniya kan Ilimin Musulunci da abinda ya shafi Gabas Ta Tsakiya.

== Aiki ==
Yayi Malanta a makaranatr koyon shari'a ta Legal a Sokoto, ya kuma yi Lakcara a ami'ar Jihar Sokoto.

== Iyali ==
Yanada mata biyu da yara biyu.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>893480</id>
      <parentid>893479</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:06:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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'''Dr Jabir Sani Mai-hula''' an haifeshi 3 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1981 a garin Sifawa da ke [[jihar Sokoto]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/rahotanni-56199626|date = 26 February 2021|title =Ku San Malamanku tare da Sheikh Dr Jabir Sani Maihula|website = BBC Hausa.Com|accessdate = 1 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karatu ==
Mal Jabir ya fara karatun Addinin Musulunci a hannun Iyayensa, inda bayan sauke [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alqur'ani]] mai girma ya cigaba da kjaratun littafin. Ya halarci firamare da duka a cikin garin sakkwato inda yayi sakandaren Kwalejin Fasaha ta Rinjin Sokoto. Bayan kammala karatun sakandare ya samu gurbin karatu a jami'ar Madina inda ya karanta fannin hadisi duk da cewa sai da ya shekara ɗaya a koyon harshen Larabci. Ya kuma yi digiri ta biyu a fannin harkokin siyasa da Alqalanci duka a Jami'ar Madina. Bayan kammala karatun sa a shekarar 2005 ya dawo Najeriya. Ya halacci Jami'ar [[East London]] dake Burtaniya kan Ilimin Musulunci da abinda ya shafi Gabas Ta Tsakiya.

== Aiki ==
Yayi Malanta a makaranatr koyon shari'a ta Legal a Sokoto, ya kuma yi Lakcara a ami'ar Jihar Sokoto.

== Iyali ==
Yanada mata biyu da yara biyu.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Omar Daf</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>44720</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893422</id>
      <parentid>234859</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:44:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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      <text bytes="1674" sha1="1behrwrnn1r90ph27iyx1tltdd0dlyq" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Omar Daf''' (an haife shi ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1977) manajan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Senegal kuma tsohon ɗan wasa wanda a halin yanzu shine babban kocin ƙungiyar Dijon ta Faransa Ligue 2. Ɗan ƙasar Senegal, ya wakilci ƙasarsa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2002 . Har ila yau yana da fasfo na Faransa kuma ya shafe yawancin rayuwarsa ta wasa a kulob ɗin Sochaux na Faransa. Daf taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|dama-baya]], amma kuma zai iya taka a hagu ko a [[Mai buga baya|tsakiya-baya]].

== Aikin kulob ==
An haife shi a [[Dakar]], Daf ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da US Goré. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 17, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Belgium, Karel Brokken, ya ɗauke shi zuwa KVC Westerlo na KVC Westerlo na biyu, inda ya fara aikin sana'a. Shekara guda bayan haka, Daf ya shiga ƙungiyar Faransa Championnat National 2 gefen Thonon-Chablais, kafin ya fara aikin shekaru 12 tare da Sochaux a 1997.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.enqueteplus.com/sites/default/files/EnQuete-187.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Aikin gudanarwa ==
A cikin watan Nuwamban 2018, Daf ya zama manajan Sochaux.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46344653&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin watan Janairun 2019, ya tsawaita kwantiragin har zuwa 2021.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46962074&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Girmamawa ==

=== Ƙasashen Duniya ===
'''Senegal'''

* Gasar cin kofin Afrika ta biyu: 2002.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2002/feb/11/newsstory.sport3&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* {{NFT player|5809}}
* Omar Daf – French league stats at LFP – also available in French
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1977]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:45:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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      <text bytes="1683" sha1="sy7nhnfrwsvf6qqr3llddyy02dj90rd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Omar Daf''' (an haife shi ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1977) manajan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Senegal kuma tsohon ɗan wasa wanda a halin yanzu shine babban kocin ƙungiyar Dijon ta Faransa Ligue 2. Ɗan ƙasar Senegal, ya wakilci ƙasarsa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2002 . Har ila yau yana da fasfo na Faransa kuma ya shafe yawancin rayuwarsa ta wasa a kulob ɗin Sochaux na Faransa. Daf taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|dama-baya]], amma kuma zai iya taka a hagu ko a [[Mai buga baya|tsakiya-baya]].

== Aikin kulob ==
An haife shi a [[Dakar]], Daf ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da US Goré. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 17, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Belgium, Karel Brokken, ya ɗauke shi zuwa KVC Westerlo na KVC Westerlo na biyu, inda ya fara aikin sana'a. Shekara guda bayan haka, Daf ya shiga ƙungiyar Faransa Championnat National 2 gefen Thonon-Chablais, kafin ya fara aikin shekaru 12 tare da Sochaux a shekarar 1997.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.enqueteplus.com/sites/default/files/EnQuete-187.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Aikin gudanarwa ==
A cikin watan Nuwamban 2018, Daf ya zama manajan Sochaux.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46344653&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin watan Janairun 2019, ya tsawaita kwantiragin har zuwa 2021.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46962074&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Girmamawa ==

=== Ƙasashen Duniya ===
'''Senegal'''

* Gasar cin kofin Afrika ta biyu: 2002.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2002/feb/11/newsstory.sport3&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* {{NFT player|5809}}
* Omar Daf – French league stats at LFP – also available in French
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1977]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>893424</id>
      <parentid>893423</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:45:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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      <origin>893424</origin>
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      <text bytes="1692" sha1="9y7g0yz1pfl6cmqsqjhj7q8mj94afy0" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Omar Daf''' (an haife shi ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1977) manajan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Senegal kuma tsohon ɗan wasa wanda a halin yanzu shine babban kocin ƙungiyar Dijon ta Faransa Ligue 2. Ɗan ƙasar Senegal, ya wakilci ƙasarsa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2002 . Har ila yau yana da fasfo na Faransa kuma ya shafe yawancin rayuwarsa ta wasa a kulob ɗin Sochaux na Faransa. Daf taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|dama-baya]], amma kuma zai iya taka a hagu ko a [[Mai buga baya|tsakiya-baya]].

== Aikin kulob ==
An haife shi a [[Dakar]], Daf ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da US Goré. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 17, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Belgium, Karel Brokken, ya ɗauke shi zuwa KVC Westerlo na KVC Westerlo na biyu, inda ya fara aikin sana'a. Shekara guda bayan haka, Daf ya shiga ƙungiyar Faransa Championnat National 2 gefen Thonon-Chablais, kafin ya fara aikin shekaru 12 tare da Sochaux a shekarar 1997.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.enqueteplus.com/sites/default/files/EnQuete-187.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Aikin gudanarwa ==
A cikin watan Nuwamban shekarar 2018, Daf ya zama manajan Sochaux.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46344653&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin watan Janairun 2019, ya tsawaita kwantiragin har zuwa 2021.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46962074&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Girmamawa ==

=== Ƙasashen Duniya ===
'''Senegal'''

* Gasar cin kofin Afrika ta biyu: 2002.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2002/feb/11/newsstory.sport3&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* {{NFT player|5809}}
* Omar Daf – French league stats at LFP – also available in French
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1977]]</text>
      <sha1>9y7g0yz1pfl6cmqsqjhj7q8mj94afy0</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>893425</id>
      <parentid>893424</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:45:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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      <origin>893425</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1697" sha1="fb6twqhlw3z4rdy54r18fs0sakar6up" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Omar Daf''' (an haife shi ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1977) manajan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Senegal kuma tsohon ɗan wasa wanda a halin yanzu shine babban kocin ƙungiyar Dijon ta Faransa Ligue 2. Ɗan ƙasar Senegal, ya wakilci ƙasarsa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2002 . Har ila yau yana da fasfo na Faransa kuma ya shafe yawancin rayuwarsa ta wasa a kulob ɗin Sochaux na Faransa. Daf taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|dama-baya]], amma kuma zai iya taka a hagu ko a [[Mai buga baya|tsakiya-baya]].

== Aikin kulob ==
An haife shi a [[Dakar]], Daf ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da US Goré. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 17, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Belgium, Karel Brokken, ya ɗauke shi zuwa KVC Westerlo na KVC Westerlo na biyu, inda ya fara aikin sana'a. Shekara guda bayan haka, Daf ya shiga ƙungiyar Faransa Championnat National 2 gefen Thonon-Chablais, kafin ya fara aikin shekaru 12 tare da Sochaux a shekarar 1997.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.enqueteplus.com/sites/default/files/EnQuete-187.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Aikin gudanarwa ==
A cikin watan Nuwamban shekarar 2018, Daf ya kuma zama manajan Sochaux.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46344653&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin watan Janairun 2019, ya tsawaita kwantiragin har zuwa 2021.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46962074&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Girmamawa ==

=== Ƙasashen Duniya ===
'''Senegal'''

* Gasar cin kofin Afrika ta biyu: 2002.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/football/2002/feb/11/newsstory.sport3&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* {{NFT player|5809}}
* Omar Daf – French league stats at LFP – also available in French
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1977]]</text>
      <sha1>fb6twqhlw3z4rdy54r18fs0sakar6up</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Reece Williams (mai wasan kurket)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>45213</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893138</id>
      <parentid>236806</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:45:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893138</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1141" sha1="b9f4vpsv5cgenxcu3g4jlzz3zpcfn67" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Reece Williams''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 Nuwambar 1988), [[Kurket|ɗan wasan kurket]] ne na Afirka ta Kudu .&lt;ref name=&quot;Bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/330695.html |title=Reece Williams |accessdate=3 December 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Ya yi wasansa na farko a matakin farko don Northern Cape a 2007–2008 Sunfoil Cup 3-day Cup a kan 14 Fabrairun 2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;FC&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/299101.html |title=Pool B, SAA Provincial Three-Day Challenge at Pretoria, Feb 14-16 2008 |accessdate=3 December 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ya sanya Jerinsa na halarta na farko don Arewacin Cape a cikin 2007–2008 CSA Ƙalubalen Rana ɗaya na Lardi akan 17 Fabrairun shekarar 2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;LA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/299151.html |title=Pool B, SAA Provincial One-Day Challenge at Pretoria, Feb 17 2008 |accessdate=3 December 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* Reece Williams at ESPNcricinfo
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1988]]</text>
      <sha1>b9f4vpsv5cgenxcu3g4jlzz3zpcfn67</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Stefan Tait</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>46105</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893382</id>
      <parentid>689528</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:31:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893382</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1719" sha1="oj3hy4gtrwhz5lri7zk0ynyc72xqrud" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Stefan Tait''' (an haife shi ranar 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1996), [[Kurket|ɗan wasan kurket]] ne na Afirka ta Kudu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/596426.html |title=Stefan Tait |accessdate=28 October 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fito a jerin ƴan wasa na farko na Kudu maso Yamma a kakar wasan 2018-2019 CSA Gasar Rana Daya na Lardin a ranar 28 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta 2018.  Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a matakin farko don Gasar Kudu maso Yamma a gasar cin kofin Lardi na kwana 3 na CSA na shekarar 2018–2019 a ranar 1 ga watan Nuwambar shekara ta 2018.  

Ya kasance jagorar wicket-makirci ga Gundumomin Kudu maso Yamma a cikin shekara ta 2018 – 2019 CSA Kalubalen Rana Daya, tare da korar 16 a cikin wasanni tara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=12597;team=3388;type=tournament |title=CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge, 2018/19 - South Western Districts: Batting and bowling averages |work=ESPN Cricinfo |accessdate=6 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

A cikin Afrilun shekara  ta 2021, an saka sunan Tait a cikin tawagar Maza masu tasowa na Afirka ta Kudu don rangadin wasanni shida na Namibiya. Ya yi karon sa na Twenty20 a ranar 12 ga Fabrairun shekara ta 2022, don Warriors a cikin Kalubalen CSA T20 na 2021 – 2022 .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1299610.html |title=9th Match, Port Elizabeth, Feb 12 2022, CSA T20 Challenge |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=12 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* Stefan Tait at ESPNcricinfo
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1996]]</text>
      <sha1>oj3hy4gtrwhz5lri7zk0ynyc72xqrud</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893383</id>
      <parentid>893382</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:32:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893383</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1724" sha1="lxdkxx1f69984axewp6f4ju21uuymqh" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Stefan Tait''' (an haife shi ranar 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1996), [[Kurket|ɗan wasan kurket]] ne na Afirka ta Kudu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/596426.html |title=Stefan Tait |accessdate=28 October 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fito a jerin ƴan wasa na farko na Kudu maso Yamma a kakar wasan 2018-2019 CSA Gasar Rana Daya na Lardin a ranar 28 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta 2018.  Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a matakin farko don Gasar Kudu maso Yamma a gasar cin kofin Lardi na kwana 3 na CSA na shekarar 2018–2019 a ranar 1 ga watan Nuwambar shekara ta 2018.  

Ya kuma kasance jagorar wicket-makirci ga Gundumomin Kudu maso Yamma a cikin shekara ta 2018 – 2019 CSA Kalubalen Rana Daya, tare da korar 16 a cikin wasanni tara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=12597;team=3388;type=tournament |title=CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge, 2018/19 - South Western Districts: Batting and bowling averages |work=ESPN Cricinfo |accessdate=6 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

A cikin Afrilun shekara  ta 2021, an saka sunan Tait a cikin tawagar Maza masu tasowa na Afirka ta Kudu don rangadin wasanni shida na Namibiya. Ya yi karon sa na Twenty20 a ranar 12 ga Fabrairun shekara ta 2022, don Warriors a cikin Kalubalen CSA T20 na 2021 – 2022 .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1299610.html |title=9th Match, Port Elizabeth, Feb 12 2022, CSA T20 Challenge |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=12 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* Stefan Tait at ESPNcricinfo
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1996]]</text>
      <sha1>lxdkxx1f69984axewp6f4ju21uuymqh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893384</id>
      <parentid>893383</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:32:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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'''Stefan Tait''' (an haife shi ranar 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1996), [[Kurket|ɗan wasan kurket]] ne na Afirka ta Kudu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/596426.html |title=Stefan Tait |accessdate=28 October 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fito a jerin ƴan wasa na farko na Kudu maso Yamma a kakar wasan 2018-2019 CSA Gasar Rana Daya na Lardin a ranar 28 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta 2018.  Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a matakin farko don Gasar Kudu maso Yamma a gasar cin kofin Lardi na kwana 3 na CSA na shekarar 2018–2019 a ranar 1 ga watan Nuwambar shekara ta 2018.  

Ya kuma kasance jagorar wicket-makirci ga Gundumomin Kudu maso Yamma a cikin shekara ta 2018 – 2019 CSA Kalubalen Rana Daya, tare da korar 16 a cikin wasanni tara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=12597;team=3388;type=tournament |title=CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge, 2018/19 - South Western Districts: Batting and bowling averages |work=ESPN Cricinfo |accessdate=6 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

A cikin Afrilun shekara  ta 2021, an saka sunan Tait a cikin tawagar Maza masu tasowa na Afirka ta Kudu don rangadin wasanni shida na Namibiya. Ya yi karon sa na Twenty20 a ranar 12 ga Fabrairun shekara ta 2022, don Warriors a cikin ƙalubalen CSA T20 na 2021 – 2022 .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1299610.html |title=9th Match, Port Elizabeth, Feb 12 2022, CSA T20 Challenge |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=12 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* Stefan Tait at ESPNcricinfo
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
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'''Ruan Cronje''' (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Yunin shekarar 2001), [[Kurket|ɗan wasan kurket]] ne na Afirka ta Kudu .&lt;ref name=&quot;Bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1070989.html |title=Ruan Cronje |accessdate=14 February 2020 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ya yi wasansa na farko a matakin farko a ranar 13 ga Fabrairun 2020, don KwaZulu-Natal a gasar cin kofin Lardi na kwana 3 na CSA na 2019-20 . &lt;ref name=&quot;FC&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1194450.html |title=Cross Pool, CSA 3-Day Provincial Cup at Paarl, Feb 13-15 2020 |accessdate=8 February 2020 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ya fara fitowa a jerin sa na farko a ranar 16 ga Fabrairun 2020, don KwaZulu-Natal a cikin 2019-20 CSA Kalubalen Rana Daya .&lt;ref name=&quot;LA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1194370.html |title=Cross Pool, CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge at Paarl, Feb 16 2020 |accessdate=16 February 2020 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* Ruan Cronje at ESPNcricinfo
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
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'''Ruan Cronje''' (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Yunin shekarar 2001), [[Kurket|ɗan wasan kurket]] ne na Afirka ta Kudu .&lt;ref name=&quot;Bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1070989.html |title=Ruan Cronje |accessdate=14 February 2020 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ya yi wasansa na farko a matakin farko a ranar 13 ga Fabrairun 2020, don KwaZulu-Natal a gasar cin kofin Lardi na kwana 3 na CSA na 2019-20 . &lt;ref name=&quot;FC&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1194450.html |title=Cross Pool, CSA 3-Day Provincial Cup at Paarl, Feb 13-15 2020 |accessdate=8 February 2020 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ya kuma fara fitowa a jerin sa na farko a ranar 16 ga Fabrairun shekarar 2020, don KwaZulu-Natal a cikin 2019-20 CSA Kalubalen Rana Daya .&lt;ref name=&quot;LA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1194370.html |title=Cross Pool, CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge at Paarl, Feb 16 2020 |accessdate=16 February 2020 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* Ruan Cronje at ESPNcricinfo
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
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[[Fayil:Robert Bilott.jpg|thumb|Robert Bilot]]
'''Robert Bilott''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1965) lauyan muhalli ne na Amurka daga Cincinnati, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]]. Anfi sanin Bilott da ƙarar da aka yi wa DuPont a madadin masu shigar da kara da suka ji rauni ta hanyar sharar da aka zubar a yankunan karkara a West Virginia. Bilott ya shafe sama da shekaru ashirin yana yin shari'ar zubar da sinadarai na perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) da perfluoroectanesulfonic acid (PFOS).

Shari'ar Bilott itace tushe ga wani abin tunawa mai taken Exposure: Ruwa mai guba, Kayan Kasuwanci, da Yaƙin Shekaru ashirin na Lauyan Ɗaya da DuPont . Ya zama mai ƙaruwar hankalin kafofin watsa labarai a ƙarshen shekarun 2010 kuma ya zama mafi ganuwa ta hanyar fim ɗin 2019 Dark Waters (fim na 2019) da kuma shirin fim na 2018 The Devil We Know wanda ya rubuta yaƙe-yaƙe na shari'a tare da Dupont. Wannan kulawar jama'a ta haifar da kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da Kyautar Rayuwa ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa.

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
[[File:Tajemnica zamku Rodriganda. Nr 09.djvu|thumb]]
An haifi Bilott a ranar 2 ga Agusta, 1965, a Albany, New York.&lt;ref name=&quot;RightLivelihood&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rightlivelihoodaward.org/laureates/robert-bilott/|title=Robert Bilott|website=The Right Livelihood Award|access-date=2019-12-07|archive-date=2020-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727092702/https://www.rightlivelihoodaward.org/laureates/robert-bilott/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifin Bilott ya yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka, kuma Bilott ya kasance yaro a sansanonin sojan sama da yawa. Saboda iyalin sa suna ƙaura akai-akai, Bilott ta halarci makarantu daban-daban guda takwas kafin ta kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Fairborn a Fairborn, Ohio. Daga nan ya sami digirin sa na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa da nazarin birane daga Kwajelin New College of Florida. Daga nan ya sami Juris Doctor daga Jami'ar Jihar Ohio Moritz College of Law a shekarar 1990.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes_bilott2016&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Rich|first1=Nathaniel|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/10/magazine/the-lawyer-who-became-duponts-worst-nightmare.html|title=The Lawyer Who Became DuPont's Worst Nightmare|date=6 April 2016|work=New York Times|accessdate=7 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenationaltriallawyers&quot; /&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
An shigar da Bilott a cikin mashaya a cikin 1990 kuma ya fara aikin lauya a Taft Stettinius &amp; Hollister LLP a Cincinnati,&lt;ref name=&quot;thenationaltriallawyers&quot;/&gt; [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.taftlaw.com/people/robert-a-bilott|title=Robert A. Bilott &amp;#124; People &amp;#124; Taft Stettinius &amp; Hollister LLP|website=www.taftlaw.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shekaru takwas ya yi aiki kusan kawai ga manyan abokan ciniki na kamfanoni kuma ƙwarewarsa tana kare kamfanonin sinadarai.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/10/magazine/the-lawyer-who-became-duponts-worst-nightmare.html?auth=link-dismiss-google1tap The Lawyer Who became Dupont's worst nightmare], New York Times, 6 January 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zama abokin haɗaka a kamfanin a shekarar 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;RightLivelihood&quot;/&gt;

=== Ayyuka na farko akan DuPont ===
[[Fayil:Tajemnica zamku Rodriganda. Nr 09.djvu|thumb|Robert Bilot]]
Bilott ya wakilci Wilbur Tennant na Parkersburg, West Virginia wanda shanu ke mutuwa. Ginin ya kasance a ƙasa daga wani wuri inda DuPont ke zubar da ɗaruruwan tan na perfluorooctanoic acid. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1999, Bilott ya shigar da ƙarar tarayya a kan DuPont a Kotun Gundumar Amurka don Gundumar Kudancin Yammacin Virginia. A mayar da martani, DuPont ya ba da shawarar cewa DuPont da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka za su ba da umarnin nazarin dukiyar manomi, wanda likitocin dabbobi uku da DuPont suka zaɓa da uku da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta zaba. Lokacin da aka saki rahoton, ya zargi Tennants da shanu masu mutuwa suna da'awar cewa rashin kiwon dabbobi ne ke da alhakin: &quot;rashin abinci mai gina jiki, rashin isasshen kula da dabbobi da rashin kula da tsuntsaye&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

Bayan Bilott ya gano cewa dubban tan-tan na PFOA na DuPont an zubar da su a cikin shara kusa da dukiyar Tennants kuma cewa PFOA ta DuPont tana gurɓata ruwan da ke kewaye da al'umma, DuPont ya warware batun Tennants. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2001, Bilott ya shigar da ƙarar da aka shigar a kan DuPont a madadin kimanin mutane 70,000 a Yammacin Virginia da Ohio tare da ruwan sha mai gurbataccen PFOA, wanda aka daidaita a watan Satumbar shekara ta 2004, tare da fa'idodin aji da suka kai sama da dala miliyan 300, gami da DuPont sun amince da shigar da tsire-tsire masu tacewa a cikin gundumomin ruwa guda shida da suka shafi da yawa masu zaman kansu masu tasiri, kyautar kuɗi na dala miliyan 70, da kuma tanadi domin kula da lafiyar lafiyar mutum ta biya har zuwa dala miliyan 235, idan kwamitin shan ruwa mai zaman kansa ya tabbatar da cutar PFO mai yiwuwa.￼

Bayan kwamitin kimiyya mai zaman kansa da jam'iyyun suka zaɓa tare (amma ana buƙatar a ƙarƙashin sulhu da DuPont zai biya) ya gano cewa akwai yiwuwar alaƙa tsakanin shan PFOA da ciwon daji na ƙoda, cutar daji, cutar thyroid, babban cholesterol, pre-eclampsia, da cututtukan cututtukani, Bilott ya fara buɗe ƙarar mutum-mutumi na mutum a madadin masu amfani da ruwa na Ohio da Yammacin Virginia, wanda a shekarar 2015 ya kai sama da 3,500. Bayan ya rasa uku na farko don dala miliyan 19.7, a cikin 2017 DuPont ya amince da daidaita sauran shari'o'in da ke jiran lokacin domin dala miliyan 671.7.&lt;ref name=&quot;RightLivelihood&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine|title=The Real Rob Bilott of 'Dark Waters' is Only Getting Started|url=https://time.com/5737451/dark-waters-true-story-rob-bilott/|magazine=Time|language=en|access-date=2020-05-11|archive-date=2023-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424230517/https://time.com/5737451/dark-waters-true-story-rob-bilott/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Yawancin ƙarin shari'o'in da aka gabatar bayan sasantawar 2017 an warware su a cikin 2021 don ƙarin dala miliyan 83 (an sanar tare da sasantawar dala biliyan 4 tsakanin DuPont da ta, Chemours, akan nauyin PFAS), wanda ya kawo jimlar ƙimar sasantawa a cikin shari'oʼin rauni ko kasawar mutum ga waɗanda suka fallasa PFOA a cikin ruwan sha zuwa sama da dala miliyan 753.￼

=== Ayyuka na gaba ===
A cikin 2018, Bilott ya gabatar da sabon shari'ar neman sabbin karatu da gwaji na babbar ƙungiyar sunadarai na PFAS a madadin wani aji na ƙasa da aka tsara na kowa a Amurka wanda ke da sunadarai da PFAS a cikin jinin su, a kan masana'antun PFAS da yawa, gami da 3M, DuPont, da Chemours.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2018/10/06/dupont-pfas-chemicals-lawsuit/ |title=Nationwide Class Action Lawsuit Targets DuPont, Chemours, 3M, and Other Makers of PFAS Chemicals |date= October 6, 2018 |agency= The Intercept |last=Lerner|first=Sharon|access-date=December 6, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan sabon shari'ar yana gudana tun daga Mayu 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url= https://qz.com/1630348/dupont-and-3m-face-a-growing-list-of-water-contamination-lawsuits/ |title= DuPont and 3M knowingly contaminated drinking water across the US, lawsuits allege |agency= Quartz |last=Schlanger |first=Zoe |date=May 29, 2019|access-date=December 6, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;  A watan Maris na shekara ta 2022, kotun tarayya da ke kula da shari'ar ta tabbatar da shari'in don ci gaba a matsayin mataki na aji a madadin miliyoyin mutane da ke da PFAS a cikin jinin su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Taft Wins Class Certification in PFAS Suit {{!}} News {{!}} Taft Stettinius &amp; Hollister LLP |url=https://www.taftlaw.com/news-events/news/taft-wins-class-certification-in-pfas-suit |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=www.taftlaw.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sanarwar kafofin watsa labarai ===
A cikin 2016, labarin Bilott ya kasance mai mayar da hankali ga labarin da Nathaniel Rich ya nuna a cikin New York Times Magazine, mai taken, &quot;The Lawyer Who Became DuPont's Worst Nightmare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|author=Rich, Nathaniel|title=Second nature|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1244130110|isbn=978-1-250-79233-4|oclc=1244130110|access-date=2021-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Daga baya aka buga labarin Rich a cikin littafinsa, Second Nature (2021). An kuma nuna aikin Bilott a cikin manyan labarai a cikin The Huffington Post (&quot;Barka da zuwa Beautiful Parkersburg&quot;) da The Intercept (multi-part The Teflon Toxin series).

Robert Bilott shine marubucin sanannen littafin tunawa Exposure: Ruwa mai guba, Ƙaunar Kamfanin, da Yakin Shekaru ashirin na Lauyan Ɗaya da DuPont, wanda aka fara buga shi a Turanci a cikin 2019 ta Atria Books,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/14/books/review/exposure-dupont-robert-bilott.html|title=For 'Erin Brockovich' Fans, a David vs. Goliath Tale With a Twist|first=Gary|last=Rivlin|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 14, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma daga baya aka fassara shi zuwa Sinanci (2022)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=豆瓣网2020年度外语电影高分榜上榜影片《黑水》原型事件全纪实。孤勇律师亲述与美国化工巨头的至暗交锋。平民英雄的二十年维权之路。 |url=http://product.dangdang.com/29487213.html |access-date=2022-12-13 |archive-date=2022-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213151953/http://product.dangdang.com/29487213.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; da Jafananci (2023).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=毒の水：PFAS汚染に立ち向かったある弁護士の20年 |url=https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%93%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%88/dp/4763420569/ref=sr_1_9?crid=8K3NHI8N56A3&amp;keywords=%E3%83%93%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%88&amp;qid=1680828430&amp;sprefix=blott%2Caps%2C268&amp;sr=8-9 |access-date=2023-04-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jeremy Bobb ne ya ba da labarin littafin sauti tare da babi na farko wanda Mark Ruffalo ya ba da labari. Labarin Bilott ya kuma zama tushen Dark Waters, fim na 2019 wanda Mark Ruffalo ya fito a matsayin Bilott, da Anne Hathaway a matsayin matar Bilott, Sarah Barlage . Har ila yau, labarin ya fito ne a cikin shirin fim mai tsawo mai suna The Devil We Know; shirin fim na Sweden, The Toxic Compromise; shi ne batun waka, Watershed ta mawaki mai suna Tracy K. Smith; shi ne taken &quot;Toxic Waters&quot; na shirin fim mai sashi da yawa, Parched, wanda aka watsa a tashar talabijin ta National Geographic a cikin 2017.￼

Har ila yau, shi ne batun waƙar da bidiyon &quot;Deep in the Water&quot; na The Gary Douglas Band, da kuma waƙar &quot;Blank&quot; / &quot;Worker&quot; ta ƙungiyar farfado da emo The World Is a Beautiful Place &amp; I Am No Longer Afraid to Die.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Trang|first=Brittany|date=2021-11-02|title=Yes, There's a Song About the Parkersburg/DuPont PFAS Crisis on the New TWIABP album|url=https://stagedhaze.com/2021/11/02/yes-theres-a-song-about-the-parkersburg-dupont-pfas-crisis-on-the-new-twiabp-album/|access-date=2021-11-09|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kuma bayyana a cikin Devil Put The Coal In The Ground, wani shirin fim na 2022 game da wahala da lalacewa da masana'antar kwal ta kawo da raguwarta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Devil Put the Coal in the Ground |url=https://www.devilputthecoalintheground.com/ |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=Devil Put the Coal in the Ground |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bilott kuma ya rubuta gabatarwar littafin Forever Chemicals Environmental, Economic, and Social Equity Concerns with PFAS in the Environment,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.1201/9781003024521/forever-chemicals-david-kempisty-leeann-racz|doi = 10.1201/9781003024521|title = Forever Chemicals|year = 2021|last1 = Kempisty|first1 = David M.|last2 = Racz|first2 = Leeann|isbn = 9781003024521|s2cid = 236290264}}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda CRC Press ta buga a 2021. Ya kuma bayyana a cikin fim din da aka fitar a 2023 mai taken, Burned: Protecting the Protectors, wanda ke mai da hankali kan fallasa PFAS tsakanin masu kashe gobara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=BURNED: Protecting Our Protectors |url=https://etherealfilms.org/burned/ |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=Ethereal Films |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Godiya gaisuwa ===
A cikin 2017, Bilott ya sami lambar yabo ta kasa da kasa ta Right Livelihood, wanda aka fi sani da &quot;Alternative Nobel Prize,&quot; saboda shekaru da yawa na aikinsa kan batutuwan gurɓataccen sinadarai na PFAS, kuma an nuna shi a kan hatimi da aka bayar a Austria, don tunawa da kyautar.

A cikin 2020, Bilott ya kasance wani ɓangare na wani Yaki na Har abada Chemicals na kafofin sada zumunta da kuma kamfen ɗin yawon shakatawa wanda ya kasance mai cin nasara a cikin Nishaɗi da kuma Finalist a Kamfen ɗin Duniya, Hadin gwiwar Media don Shorty Awards na kafofin sadaukarwa. Har ila yau, sun sami lambar yabo ta zinariya a cikin Muhalli da Ci gaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://shortyawards.com/5th-socialgood/fight-forever-chemicals-campaign-2|title = Participant's Fight Forever Chemicals Campaign - the Shorty Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bilott yana aiki a cikin kwamitin daraktoci na Less Cancer, kwamitin amintattu na Green Umbrella,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.greenumbrella.org/Board-of-Trustees|title = Green Umbrella - Board of Trustees}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya yi aiki a cikin kwamiti na tsofaffi na New College of Florida daga 2018-2021. A cikin 2021, Bilott ya sami Digiri na Dokta na Dokta daga New College of Florida da Digiri na Doctor na Kimiyya daga Jami'ar Jihar Ohio ta Jami'ar Jami'ar Ohio ta Nazarin Kimiyya ta Muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bilott To Be Awarded Honorary Degree From The Ohio State University {{!}} News {{!}} Taft Stettinius &amp; Hollister LLP|url=https://www.taftlaw.com/news-events/news/bilott-to-be-awarded-honorary-degree-from-the-ohio-state-university|access-date=2021-12-22|website=www.taftlaw.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Har ila yau, ɗan'uwa ne a Kwalejin Rayuwa ta Dama, Farfesa mai daraja a Jami'ar Kasa ta Cordoba a Argentina, kuma malami ne a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Yale, Sashen Kimiyya na Kiwon Lafiya na Muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bilott Appointed to Rank of Lecturer at Yale School of Public Health {{!}} News {{!}} Taft Stettinius &amp; Hollister LLP|url=https://www.taftlaw.com/news-events/news/bilott-appointed-to-rank-of-lecturer-at-yale-school-of-public-health|access-date=2021-07-02|website=www.taftlaw.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyaututtuka da karɓuwa ==
*2005{{snd}}Trial Lawyer of the Year. Presented by The Trial Lawyers For Public Justice Foundation.&lt;ref name=&quot;thenationaltriallawyers&quot;
&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.thenationaltriallawyers.org/profile-view/Robert/Bilott/3272/ |title=Robert Bilott |website=thenationaltriallawyers.org |accessdate=December 9, 2019 |archive-date=December 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209141820/https://www.thenationaltriallawyers.org/profile-view/Robert/Bilott/3272/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2006{{snd}}Super Lawyer Rising Star. Selected by Cincinnati Magazine.&lt;ref name=&quot;thenationaltriallawyers&quot;/&gt;
*2008{{snd}}100 Top Trial Lawyers from Ohio. Named by American Trial Lawyers Association.&lt;ref name=&quot;thenationaltriallawyers&quot;/&gt;
*2008{{snd}}Present Leading Lawyer Honoree. Name by Cincy Magazine Environmental Law. 
*2010{{snd}}Present Honoree, Environmental Law, Litigation. Named by Best Lawyers in America. 
*2011{{snd}}Present Top Local Plaintiff Litigation Star Honoree. Presented by Benchmark Plaintiff. 
*2014{{snd}}Clarence Darrow Award Honoree. Presented by Mass Tort Bar. 
*2016{{snd}}Giraffe Hero Commendation Honoree. Presented by Giraffe Heroes Project. 
*2016{{snd}}Joined the board of the Next Generation Choices Foundation (a.k.a. Less Cancer) &quot;to support its mission in championing education and policy that will help prevent cancer.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Bilott Joins Less Cancer Board |url=https://www.taftlaw.com/news-events/news/bilott-joins-less-cancer-board |website=TaftLaw.com |publisher=Taft Stettinius &amp; Hollister LLP |accessdate=16 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2017{{snd}}Present Class Action Honoree. Presented by Kentucky Super Lawyers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://profiles.superlawyers.com/kentucky/covington/lawyer/robert-bilott/8a98ec7a-18e2-41b5-953d-eea38ca5ff4e.html|title = Top Rated Covington, KY Class Action &amp; Mass Torts Attorney &amp;#124; Robert Bilott}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2017{{snd}}Right Livelihood Award. Presented by The Right Livelihood Foundation (December 1, 2017).&lt;ref name=&quot;RightLivelihood&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/alternative-nobel-prize-right-livelihood-awarded-to-four-activists-including-u-s-lawyer/ |title=Alternative Nobel Prize awarded to four activists |website=[[CBS News]] |date=September 26, 2017 |accessdate=December 8, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2017{{snd}}MVP for Class Action Honoree. Named by Law360.
*2019{{snd}}Lawyer of the Year in Litigation{{snd}}Environmental. Named by Best Lawyers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.bestlawyers.com/lawyers/robert-a-bilott/67765 |title=Robert A. Bilott |website=bestlawyers.com |accessdate=December 9, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2020{{snd}}Public Interest Environmental Law David Brower Lifetime Achievement Award.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=David Brower Lifetime Achievement Award Recipient Robert Bilott {{!}} PIELC|url=http://pielc.org/david-brower-lifetime-achievement/|website=pielc.org|date=18 February 2020|access-date=2020-05-20|archive-date=2020-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703193912/http://pielc.org/david-brower-lifetime-achievement/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2020{{snd}}Kentucky Bar Association Distinguished Lawyer Award.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Taft attorney who inspired Mark Ruffalo film wins prestigious award|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/news/2020/05/15/tat-attorney-who-inspired-mark-ruffalo-film-wins.html|last=|first=|date=|website=www.bizjournals.com|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-05-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2020{{snd}}Big Fish Award. Presented by Riverkeeper Fishermen's Ball.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url = https://www.riverkeeper.org/news-events/events/rvk-events/meet-riverkeepers-2020-fishermens-ball-honorees/|title = Meet Riverkeeper's 2020 Fishermen's Ball honorees|date = 12 June 2020|access-date = 2 May 2023|archive-date = 8 March 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210308154143/https://www.riverkeeper.org/news-events/events/rvk-events/meet-riverkeepers-2020-fishermens-ball-honorees/|url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2020{{snd}}Consumer Safety Award. Presented by the Kentucky Justice Association. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kentucky Justice Association|url=https://www.facebook.com/KentuckyJusticeAssociation/posts/10158376538615180|access-date=2020-09-23|website=www.facebook.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2021{{snd}}Lawyer of the Year in Litigation{{snd}}Environmental. Named by Best Lawyers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Robert A. Bilott{{snd}}Cincinnati, OH{{snd}}Lawyer|url=http://blrankings-bl2-prod-eastus2-app.azurewebsites.net/Profile/Lawyer?id=67765|access-date=2020-08-25|website=blrankings-bl2-prod-eastus2-app.azurewebsites.net}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2021{{snd}}Honorary Doctor of Laws Degree from New College of Florida.
*2022{{snd}}Lawyer of the Year in Environmental Law{{snd}}Cincinnati. Named by Best Lawyers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=14 Taft Attorneys Named &quot;Lawyer of the Year&quot; by Best Lawyers® 2022 {{!}} News {{!}} Taft Stettinius &amp; Hollister LLP|url=https://www.taftlaw.com/news-events/news/14-taft-attorneys-named-lawyer-of-the-year-by-best-lawyers-r-2022|access-date=2021-08-19|website=www.taftlaw.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2023{{snd}}Lawyer of the Year in Litigation{{snd}}Environmental{{snd}}Cincinnati. Named by Best Lawyers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Best Ohio Environmental Lawyers {{!}} Best Lawyers |url=https://www.bestlawyers.com/united-states/ohio/environmental-law |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=www.bestlawyers.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2023{{snd}}Environmental Working Group's Changemaker Award.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bilott To Receive EWG Changemaker Award {{!}} News {{!}} Taft Stettinius &amp; Hollister LLP |url=https://www.taftlaw.com/news-events/news/bilott-to-receive-ewg-changemaker-award |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=www.taftlaw.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*2023{{snd}}Multicultural Health Institute's Community Champion Award.

== Rayuwar mutum ==
A shekara ta 1996, Bilott ya auri Sarah Barlage . Suna da ƴaƴa uku, Teddy, Charlie da Tony.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes_bilott2016&quot;/&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Exposure/Robert-Bilott/9781501172816 Bayyanawa a simonandschuster.com]
* [https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/robert-bilott/exposure-bilott/ Bayyanawa a kirkusreviews.com]
* [https://moritzlaw.osu.edu/briefing-room/tag/robert-bilott/ Robert Bilott a osu.edu]
* [https://theintercept.com/2015/08/20/teflon-toxin-dupont-slipped-past-epa/ Robert Bilott a theintercept.com]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1965]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ranar Daidaiton Mata</title>
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      <text bytes="8622" sha1="lsco97e1mej5bk2fggn9mny488gdk6u" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}[[File:Women’s_Equality_Day_(30004393205).jpg|thumb| Nancy Pelosi, Anna Eshoo, Barbara Lee da Jackie Speier a bikin cika shekaru 96 na Kwaskwarimar Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 19, lokacin da mata suka sami 'yancin kada kuri'a.]]
An yi bikin '''ranar daidaiton mata''' a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta don tunawa da 1920 amincewa da gyare-gyare na goma sha tara (gyara XIX) ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, wanda ya hana jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya daga ƙin amincewa da 'yancin jefa kuri'a ga 'yan ƙasa na Amurka. Jihohi a kan tushen jima'i. An fara bikin ne a cikin 1971, wanda Majalisa ta ayyana a 1973, kuma Shugaban Amurka ne ke shelanta kowace shekara.

== Tarihi ==

An zaɓi ranar don tunawa da ranar a cikin shekarar 1920 lokacin da Sakatariyar Harkokin Wajen Amurka Bainbridge Colby ta sanya hannu kan sanarwar ba wa matan Amurka 'yancin yin zabe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://werehistory.org/womens-equality-day/|title=&quot;Women's Equality Day&quot;|last=Gustafson|first=Melanie|date=August 26, 2016|website=We're History}}&lt;/ref&gt;  A cikin 1971, bayan 1970 na Mata na Ƙarfafa daidaito a cikin ƙasa, &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cliohistory.org/click/library/timelines/politics-social/#c1629 &quot;Women's Equality Day&quot;], Click! The Ongoing Feminist Revolution&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma a cikin 1973, yayin da ake ci gaba da gwabzawa kan Kwaskwarima Daidaita Haƙƙin, 'yar majalisa Bella Abzug ta New York ta gabatar da wani kuduri na ayyana 26 ga Agusta a matsayin Ranar daidaiton Mata. 

A cikin 1972, Shugaba Richard Nixon ya ba da sanarwa mai lamba 4147, wadda ta ayyana ranar 26 ga Agusta, 1972, a matsayin &quot;Ranar 'Yancin Mata&quot; kuma ita ce shela ta farko na ranar daidaiton mata.  Ranar 16 ga Agusta, 1973, Majalisa ta amince da HJ Res. 52, wanda ya bayyana cewa 26 ga Agusta za a sanya shi a matsayin ranar daidaiton mata kuma &quot;Shugaban yana da izini kuma ya bukaci ya ba da sanarwar tunawa da ranar a 1920 wanda aka fara ba wa mata a Amurka damar yin zabe&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;[http://uscode.house.gov/statutes/pl/93/107.pdf Text of Public Law 93-105, authorizing the designation of Women's Equality Day (pdf)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611123712/https://uscode.house.gov/statutes/pl/93/107.pdf |date=2023-06-11 }}. August 16, 1973.&lt;/ref&gt; A wannan rana, Shugaba Nixon ya ba da sanarwar 4236 don Ranar daidaiton Mata, wanda ya fara, a wani bangare: &quot;Gwagwarmaya don samun kuri'un mata, duk da haka, shine kawai mataki na farko na shiga cikakkiyar dama da mata a cikin rayuwar al'ummarmu. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, mun yi wasu manyan ci gaba ta hanyar kai hari ga nuna wariyar jinsi ta hanyar dokokinmu da kuma samar da sabbin hanyoyin samun daidaiton damar tattalin arziki ga mata. A yau, a kusan kowane bangare na al'ummarmu, mata suna ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga ingancin rayuwar Amurkawa. Amma duk da haka, da yawa ya rage a yi.” &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=106917&amp;st=women%5C%27s+equality+day&amp;st1= 1973 Proclamation by President Nixon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610201626/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=106917&amp;st=women%5C%27s+equality+day&amp;st1= |date=2023-06-10 }}, The American Presidency Project.&lt;/ref&gt;

{{As of|2021}}, every president since Richard Nixon has issued a proclamation each year designating August 26 as Women's Equality Day.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/advanced-search?field-keywords=%22Equality%20Day%22&amp;field-keywords2=&amp;field-keywords3=&amp;from%5Bdate%5D=&amp;to%5Bdate%5D=&amp;person2=&amp;category2%5B0%5D=59&amp;items_per_page=50&amp;order=field_docs_start_date_time_value&amp;sort=desc Search page, &quot;Equality Day&quot;], The American Presidency Project.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Daidaiton jinsi
* Rashin daidaiton jinsi
* Jadawalin zaben mata
* Jerin abubuwan da aka yi a Amurka ta sanarwar shugaban kasa

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

=== Shelar Shugaban Kasa na Ranar daidaiton Mata da shekaru goma ===

* 1970s: [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-4147-womens-rights-day 1972 (wanda ake kira Ranar 'Yancin Mata)], [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-87/pdf/STATUTE-87-Pg1238.pdf 1973], [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-4309-womens-equality-day-1974 1974], [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-4383-womens-equality-day-1975 1975], [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-4451-womens-equality-day-1976 1976], [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-4515-womens-equality-day-1977 1977], [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-4590-womens-equality-day-1978 1978], [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-4674-womens-equality-day-1979 1979], [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-4785-womens-equality-day-1980 1980]
* 1980s: [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-4854-womens-equality-day-1981 1981], [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-4958-womens-equality-day-1982 1982], [https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-97/pdf/STATUTE-97-Pg1607.pdf 1983], [https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/speech/proclamation-5227-womens-equality-day-1984 1984], [https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/speech/proclamation-5364-womens-equality-day-1985 1985], [https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/speech/proclamation-5518-womens-equality-day-1986 1986], [https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-101/pdf/STATUTE-101-Pg2175.pdf 1987], [https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/speech/proclamation-5850-womens-equality-day-1988 1988], [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-6010-womens-equality-day-1989 1989], [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-6170-womens-equality-day-1990 1990]
* 1990s: [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-6317-womens-equality-day-1991 1991], [http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=47390 1992] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825041319/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=47390 |date=2018-08-25 }}, [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-107/pdf/STATUTE-107-Pg2719-2.pdf 1993], [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-6715-womens-equality-day-1994 1994], [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-109/pdf/STATUTE-109-Pg1808.pdf 1995], [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-110/pdf/STATUTE-110-Pg4548.pdf 1996], [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-7017-womens-equality-day-1997 1997], [https://clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov/women/equalityday.html 1998], [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-7215-womens-equality-day-1999 1999], [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-7334-womens-equality-day-2000 2000]
* 2000s: [https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/08/20010824-1.html 2001], [https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/08/20020824-3.html 2002], [https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/08/20030826-1.html 2003], [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2004-08-30/pdf/WCPD-2004-08-30-Pg1693.pdf 2004], [https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2005/08/20050825-4.html 2005], [https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2006/08/20060821-3.html 2006], [https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2007/08/20070806-4.html 2007], [https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2008/08/20080825-1.html 2008], [https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/presidential-proclamation-womens-equality-day-2009 2009], [https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2010/08/26/presidential-proclamation-womens-equality-day-2010 2010]
* 2010s: [https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/08/25/presidential-proclamation-womens-equality-day 2011], [https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2012/08/24/presidential-proclamation-women-s-equality-day-2012 2012], [https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/08/23/presidential-proclamation-womens-equality-day-2013 2013], [https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/08/25/presidential-proclamation-womens-equality-day-2014 2014], [https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/08/24/presidential-proclamation-womens-equality-day-2015 2015], [https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/08/25/presidential-proclamation-womens-equality-day-2016 2016] .&lt;/img&gt; , [https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/08/29/2018-18928/womens-equality-day-2018 2018]

=== Gyara na 19 ===

* [https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/amendment-19 Rukunin Tarihi na Ƙasa - Gyara na 19]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Fam na Masar</title>
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[[File:Coin postcard Egypt (obv).jpg|thumb|hoton fam na egypt]]
'''Fam na Masari''' (Larabcin Misra [ge.neːh masˤ.ri] ; gajarta:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Statesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |title=Statesman's Year-Book 1899 American Edition – page 178 |website=en.wikisource.org |date=1899 |access-date=2022-07-03 |archive-date=2022-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703083120/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3AStatesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.xe.com/currency/egp-egyptian-pound/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-04-11 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227183107/https://www.xe.com/currency/egp-egyptian-pound/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;   '''£''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/egp.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-08-03 |archive-date=2022-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807225735/https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/egp.asp |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''E£''', &lt;ref&gt;{{Citeweb |url=https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Statesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-04-13 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413055126/https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3AStatesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''£ E''',  '''LE''',  ko '''EGP''' a cikin Latin, da '''{{Lang|arz|ج.م.}}''' a cikin Larabci, ISO code : '''EGP''' ) ita ce kudin [[Misra|Masar]]. An kuma kasa shi kashi 100, ko ersh ( {{Lang|arz|قرش}} [ʔerʃ]; ''jam'i'' {{Lang|arz|قروش}} [ʔo.ruːʃ];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33367/33304.pdf?sequence=4|title=World Bank Editorial Style Guide 2020 - page 135|website=openknowledge.worldbank.org|access-date=2022-08-15|archive-date=2022-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802031424/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33367/33304.pdf?sequence=4|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; gajarta: PT (gajeren &quot;piastre tarif&quot;)  ), ko 1,000 milliemes ( {{Lang|arz|مليم}}&amp;nbsp;&lt;span lang=&quot;ar-Latn-fonipa&quot; class=&quot;IPA&quot; title=&quot;Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)&quot;&gt;[mal.liːm]; {{Lang-fr|millième}}, an rage shi zuwa ''m'' ko ''niƙa'').

Sabbin bayanin kula mai nauyin kilo 10- da 20 an yi su ne daga takarda filastik polymer har zuwa Yuli 6, 2022
[[File:Egyptian_Pound.png|right|thumb| E£1 tsabar kudi na zamani.]]

== Tarihi ==
{{Css Image Crop|Image=SUD-S111b-Siege of Khartoum-50 Egyptian Pounds (1884).jpg|bSize=228|cWidth=220|cHeight=142|oTop=2|oLeft=3|Location=right|Description=E£50 [[Siege of Khartoum currency|promissory note]] issued and hand-signed by Gen. [[Charles George Gordon|Gordon]] during the [[Siege of Khartoum]] (26 April 1884)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=22dKPgAACAAJ&amp;q=standard+catalog+of+specialized+issues|page=1070|title= Standard Catalog of World Paper Money Specialized Issues|edition=11|publisher=Krause|isbn=978-1-4402-0450-0|editor-last=Cuhaj|editor-first=George S.|year=2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |last=Mira |first=Mazen |date=2022-06-21 |script-title=ar:نقود حصار الخرطوم |url=https://arabcollector.com/product/the-arab-collector-17 |magazine=The Arab Collector |script-magazine=ar:المقتني العربي |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228121655/https://arabcollector.com/product/the-arab-collector-17 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
[[File:Egyptian_First_pound_bill.jpg|thumb|330x330px| Rubutun banki na E£1 na farko da aka bayar a cikin 1899 ]]
A cikin shekarar 1834, an ba da dokar khedival, ɗaukar kudin Masar bisa ka'idar bimetallic ( zinari da azurfa ) bisa tushen Maria Theresa thaler, sanannen tsabar kasuwanci a yankin.  An gabatar da fam ɗin Masar, wanda aka fi sani da geneih, wanda ya maye gurbin piastre na Masar ( ersh ) a matsayin babban sashin kuɗi. Piastre ya ci gaba da yawo kamar  fam, tare da piastre zuwa kashi 40. A cikin 1885, an daina fitar da para, kuma an raba piastre zuwa kashi goma ( عشر القرش . 'oshr el-ersh ).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Markus A. Denzel|title=Handbook of World Exchange Rates, 1590-1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2T7l7Wi2ESsC&amp;pg=PA599|year=2010|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=978-0-7546-0356-6|page=599|quote=The piastre of 1839 contained 1.146 grammes of fine silver, the piastre of 1801 approximately 4.6 grammes of fine silver. The most important Egyptian coins, the bedidlik in gold (= 100 piastres; 7.487 grammes of fine gold) and the rial in silver (20 piastres; 23.294 grammes of fine silver)|access-date=2017-10-02|archive-date=2023-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411065413/https://books.google.com/books?id=2T7l7Wi2ESsC&amp;pg=PA599|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; An canza wa waɗannan goman suna milliemes ( malleem ) a cikin 1916.

An kuma daidaita ƙimar musanya ta doka ta hanyar doka don mahimman kuɗaɗen ƙasashen waje waɗanda suka zama karɓuwa a cikin daidaita ma'amaloli na cikin gida. Daga ƙarshe wannan ya haifar da Masar ta amfani da ''ma'aunin'' zinare tsakanin 1885 zuwa 1914, tare da E£1 = 7.4375&amp;nbsp;gram zalla gwal. A lokacin barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|yakin duniya na daya]], fam din Masar din ya yi amfani da fenti daya na fam daya da fam guda shida zuwa fam daya na Masar. Juyawa, wannan yana ba da E£0.975 akan fam ɗaya.

Masar ta ci gaba da zama wani yanki na yanki mai daraja har zuwa 1962, lokacin da Masar ta rage daraja kaɗan kuma ta canza zuwa dalar Amurka, a farashin E£1 = dalar Amurka 2.3. An canza wannan peg zuwa E£1 = US$2.55555 a 1973 lokacin da aka rage darajar dala. Fam Masar ya yi iyo a cikin 1989. Sai dai kuma, har zuwa shekarar 2001, [[Babban Bankin Masar|babban bankin kasar Masar]] ne ke kula da tuhume-tuhumen kuma ana gudanar da ayyukan sarrafa kudaden waje . Bayan da ya ƙare duk manufofinsa don tallafawa fam ɗin, Babban Bankin Masar ya tilasta kawo karshen tsarin tafiyar da ruwa da kuma ba da izinin kudin ya yi iyo a kan 3 Nuwamba 2016;  bankin ya kuma sanar da kawo karshen yadda ake sarrafa kudaden ketare a wannan rana.  Adadin hukuma ya fadi sau biyu.

An kuma yi amfani da fam na Masar a Sudan ta Anglo-Masar tsakanin 1899 zuwa 1956, da kuma Cyrenaica lokacin da take karkashin mulkin Birtaniya sannan daga bisani ta zama masarauta mai cin gashin kanta tsakanin 1942 zuwa 1951. Har ila yau, ya yadu a cikin Falasdinu na wajibi daga 1918 zuwa 1927, lokacin da aka gabatar da fam na Falasdinu, daidai yake da darajar fam Sterling . Babban bankin kasar Masar ya fitar da takardun kudi a karon farko a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 1899. Babban Bankin Masar da Babban Bankin Masar sun hade cikin [[Babban Bankin Masar]] a shekarar 1961.

== Sunayen suna ==

=== An yi amfani da shi don ƙimar tarihi ko a cikin magana ta harshe ===
Ana amfani da sunaye da yawa waɗanda ba na hukuma ba don nuni ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na kuɗin Masar. Waɗannan sun haɗa da (daga kalmar ''[[wiktionary:nickel|nickel]]'' ) ''nekla'' ( {{Lang|ar|نكلة}} ) [ˈneklæ] na 2 milliemes, ''ta'rif'' ( {{Lang|ar|تعريفة}} ) [tæʕˈɾiːfæ] na milliemes 5, {{Transl|arz|shelen}} ( {{Lang|ar|شلن}} ) [ˈʃelen] (watau shilling ) na piastres 5, ''bariza'' ( {{Lang|ar|بريزة}} ) [bæˈɾiːzæ] na piastres 10, da ''reyal'' ( &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:125%; font-family:'KacstOne', 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Tahoma, 'Iranian Sans'&quot;&gt;ريال&lt;/span&gt; ) [ɾeˈjæːl] ( ''&quot; ainihin &quot;'' ) don piastars 20. Tun da piastre da millieme ba su da ɗanɗano na doka, ƙaramar ƙungiyar a halin yanzu ana yin ta ita ce tsabar kuɗin PT 25 (aiki a matsayin kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na E£1), waɗannan sharuɗɗan galibi sun faɗi cikin rashin amfani kuma suna rayuwa azaman masu son sani. Wasu kaɗan sun tsira don komawa zuwa bayanin kula na fam: ''bariza'' yanzu yana nufin bayanin E£10 kuma ana iya amfani da ''reyal'' dangane da bayanin E£20.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2021}}

=== Na yau da kullun ===
Jimlar Fam daban-daban na Masarawa suna da sunayen laƙabi a cikin maganganun yare, misali: E£1 ''bolbol (بلبل)'' ma'ana nightingale ko ''gondi (جوندي)'' ma'ana soja, E£1,000 ''bako'' ( {{Lang|ar|باكو}} ) [ˈbæːko] &quot;fakiti&quot;; E£1,000,000 ''arnab'' ( {{Lang|ar|أرنب}} ) [ˈʔæɾnæb] &quot;zomo&quot;; E £1,000,000,000 ''ji'' ( {{Lang|ar|فيل}} ) [fiːl] &quot;giwa&quot;{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}} .

== Tsabar kudi ==
Tsakanin 1837 da 1900, jan karfe 1 da 5 para *, azurfa 10 da 20 para, 1, 5, 10 da 20 piastre (pt), zinariya 5pt, 10pt. kuma an gabatar da tsabar kudi 20pt da E£1, tare da tsabar zinari 50 PT da aka bayar a cikin 1839.

An gabatar da tsabar tsabar Copper 10 para a cikin 1853, kodayake tsabar azurfar ta ci gaba da ba da ita. An sake gabatar da tsabar tsabar Copper 10 para a cikin 1862, sannan jan karfe 4 para da 2 suka biyo baya  tsabar kudi a cikin 1863. An gabatar da tsabar tsabar zinare 25 PT a cikin 1867.

A cikin 1885, an maye gurbin para da millieme don rage yawan kudin kuma an gabatar da sabon tsabar kudi. Batun ya kunshi tagulla   1, 2 da 5 millieme (m), azurfa 1 PT, 2 PT, 5 PT, 10 PT da 20 PT tsabar kudi. Kusan kuɗin zinare ya ƙare, tare da ƙananan lambobi na PT 5 da 10 PT kawai an ba da su.

A cikin 1916 da 1917, an gabatar da sabon tsabar tsabar ƙarfe na ƙarfe wanda ya ƙunshi tagulla.  da holed, cupro-nickel 1m, 2m, 5m and 10m tsabar kudi. Azurfa 2 PT, 5 PT, 10 PT da 20 PT tsabar kudi, kuma an sake dawo da tsabar E£1 na gwal. Tsakanin 1922 zuwa 1923, an tsawaita kuɗin zinare don haɗa da 20 PT da 50 PT da E£1 da E£5 tsabar kudi. A cikin 1924, tagulla ya maye gurbin cupro-nickel a cikin tsabar kudin 1m kuma an cire ramukan daga sauran tsabar kudi-nickel. A cikin 1938, an gabatar da tsabar tagulla 5m da 10m, sannan a 1944 da azurfa, tsabar kudi PT guda 2.

Tsakanin 1954 zuwa 1956, an bullo da wani sabon tsabar kudi, wanda ya kunshi aluminum-bronze 1m, 5m and 10m da silver 5 PT, 10 PT da 20 PT tsabar kudi, tare da rage girman tsabar kudin azurfa. An ƙaddamar da tsabar aluminium-tagulla 2m a cikin 1962. A shekara ta 1967 an yi watsi da kuɗin azurfa kuma an gabatar da tsabar kudi na cin kofin nickel 5 da 10 piastre.

Aluminum ya maye gurbin aluminum-tagulla a cikin tsabar kudi 1m, 5m da 10m a 1972, sannan tagulla a cikin tsabar 5m da 10m a 1973. Aluminium-bronze 2 PT da cupro-nickel 20 PT tsabar kudi an gabatar da su a cikin 1980, sannan aluminium-bronze 1 PT da 5 PT tsabar kudi a 1984. A cikin 1992, an gabatar da tsabar tagulla 5 da 10 piastre, sannan aka binne su a cikin 1993, hold, cupro-nickel 25 piastre tsabar kudi. An rage girman tsabar PT 5 a cikin 2004, 10 PT da 25 PT tsabar kudi - a cikin 2008.

A ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2006, 50 PT da E£1 tsabar kudi masu kwanan wata 2005 an gabatar da su, kuma an cire kwatankwacin takardun kudinsa na ɗan lokaci daga rarrabawa a cikin 2010. Sulalolin suna ɗauke da fuskar [[Cleopatra|Cleopatra VII]] da abin rufe fuska na Tutankhamun, kuma tsabar E£1 ɗin bimetallic ne. An rage girman da abun da ke ciki na tsabar kudi PT 50 a cikin 2007.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Coins in circulation
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Value
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Debut
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Image
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Specifications
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Description
|-
!Obverse
!Reverse
!Diameter (mm)
!Thickness (mm)
!Mass (g)
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Composition
!Obverse
!Reverse
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |5 PT**
|1984
|[[File:5qershObverse1984.jpg|55x55px|5qershObverse1984]]
|[[File:5qershReverse1984.jpg|59x59px|5qershReverse1984]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |23
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.2
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |4.9
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 95% Aluminium 5%
|3 pyramids of Giza
| rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |
* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* Value in [[Larabci|Arabic]]
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
|-
|1992
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |21
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.1
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |3.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 92% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aluminium 8%
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Islamic pottery
|-
|2004–2008
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |17
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.04
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2.4
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nickel 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copper plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |10 PT**
|1984
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.35
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |5.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 75% Nickel 25%
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Mosque of Muhammad Ali
|-
|1992
|[[File:10_EPT_obverse.JPG|55x55px]]
|[[File:10_EPT_reverse.JPG|57x57px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |23
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.2
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |4.9
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 95% Aluminum 5%
|-
|2008
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |19
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.1
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |3.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Copper 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |20 PT**
|1984
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |27
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.4
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |6
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 75% Nickel 25%
|-
|1992
|
|[[File:20_EPT_reverse.JPG|57x57px]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.35
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |5.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Copper 95%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Aluminium 5%
|[[Jami'ar Al-Azhar|Al-Azhar mosque]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25 PT
|1993**
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.4
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* Islamic illustration
* Value in [[Larabci|Arabic]] and in [[Turanci|English]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |

* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
|-
|2008-22
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |21
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.26
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |4.5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Copper 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;10&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |50 PT
|2005
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[File:50_Egyptian_piastres_obverse.JPG|70x70px]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[File:50_Egyptian_piastres_reverse.jpg|71x71px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.58
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |6.5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 75% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Zinc]] 20% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel 5%
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* [[Cleopatra]]'s head
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* Value in Arabic and in English
|-
|2007-21
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |23
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.7
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nickel 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copper plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;10&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |£1***
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2005
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[File:100_EPT_obverse.JPG|70x70px]]
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[File:100_EPT_reverse.JPG|70x70px]]
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.89
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |8.5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Bimetal
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Tutankhamun's mask
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |
* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* Value in Arabic and in English
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|Ring
|Centre
|-
|Copper 75% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel 25%
|Copper 75% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Zinc]] 20% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel 5%
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2007–2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.96
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Copper 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel plating 4%
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nickel 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copper plating 4%
|}
{{smalldiv|1=''* 1 para = {{frac|40}} piastre.''

''** Not in circulation as of 2008.''

''*** As to commemorate the branching of the Suez canal, the obverse had the Arabic phrase, {{lang|ar|قناة السويس الجديدة}} &quot;New Suez Canal&quot;.''}}

== Takardun kuɗi ==
A cikin alif dari takwas da casa'in  da tara 1899, Babban Bankin Masar ya gabatar da bayanin kula a cikin 50 PT, £1, £5, £10, £50 da £100. Tsakanin alif dari tara da sha shida  1916 zuwa alif dari tara da sha bakwai 1917, an ƙara PT bayanin kula guda 25, tare da takardun kuɗin gwamnati na 5 PT da PT 10 da Ma'aikatar Kudi ta fitar.

A shekarar alif dari tara da sittin da da daya 1961, [[Babban Bankin Masar|babban bankin kasar Masar]] ya karbi ragamar mulkin kasar daga hannun babban bankin kasa, ya kuma fitar da takardar kudi ta kungiyar ‘yan fashin teku 25 da 50, an bullo da takardar kudi fam 1, £5, fam 10 da fam 20 a shekarar 1976, sai kuma fam 100 a 1978, fam. 50 a 1993 da £ 200 a 2007. 

Duk takardun kuɗin Masar na harsuna biyu ne, tare da rubutun [[Larabci]] da lambobi na Larabci na Gabas akan madaidaicin, da rubutun [[Turanci|Ingilishi]] da lambobin Larabci na Yamma a baya. Zane-zanen da ba a saba ba suna nuna fasalin ginin [[Musulunci]] tare da zane-zane na baya da ke nuna ginshiƙan Masarawa na dā (ginai, mutummutumai da rubuce-rubuce). A cikin watan Disamba na 2006, an ambata a cikin labarai a jaridun ''Al Ahram'' da ''Al Akhbar'' cewa ana shirin gabatar da fam 200 da fam 500. Tun daga shekarar 2019, akwai bayanan £200 da ke yawo amma har yanzu babu wani shiri na fitar da bayanan £500.  An fara daga 2011 an cire 25 PT, 50 PT da fam 1 takardun banki don neman ƙarin amfani da tsabar kudi. Koyaya, tun daga watan Yuni 2016 Babban Bankin Masar ya sake dawo da fam ɗin banki na fam 1 zuwa wurare dabam dabam  da kuma 25 PT da 50 PT bayanin kula saboda ƙarancin ƙaramin canji.

Gwamnan babban bankin kasar Masar ya sanar da cewa babban bankin kasar Masar zai fitar da bayanan polymer a farkon shekarar 2021. Wannan canjin ya zo ne yayin da CBE ta koma babban ofishinta zuwa sabon babban birnin tarayya.  A ranar 31 ga Yuli, 2021, Shugaban Masar ya sake duba bayanan £10 da £20, da za a fitar a watan Nuwamba 2021.  A watan Agustan 2021, an tilasta wa Babban Bankin tabbatar da cewa bakan gizo holograms a kan sabbin takardun banki wata amintacciyar alama ce ta alamar ruwa don hana jabu, bayan masu sukar kan layi sun ba da shawarar saƙon ɓoye ne na goyon bayan haƙƙin LGBT.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/08/03/egypt-rainbow-bank-note/|title=Bank of Egypt forced to confirm new rainbow note isn't for LGBT+ rights after backlash|last=Powys Maurice|first=Emily|date=3 August 2021|work=[[PinkNews]]|access-date=3 August 2021|archive-date=3 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803160013/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/08/03/egypt-rainbow-bank-note/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.egyptindependent.com/cbe-confirms-continued-validity-of-all-paper-currencies/|title=CBE confirms continued validity of all paper currencies|date=3 August 2021|work=[[Egypt Independent]]|access-date=3 August 2021|archive-date=3 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803104137/https://www.egyptindependent.com/cbe-confirms-continued-validity-of-all-paper-currencies/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+MShafin na yanzu na fam na Masar
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Hoto
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Daraja
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Girma (milimita)
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Babban launi
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Bayani
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Shekarar fitowar farko
|-
! Banda
! Juya baya
! Banda
! Juya baya
|-
|[[File:EGP_25_Piastres_2008_(Front).png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:25piastres_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25 PT
| 130 × 70
| Blue
| [[Masallacin Sayeda Aisha|Masjid A'isha]]
| Tufafin makamai na Masar
| 1985
|-
|[[File:50_piastres_obverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:50_piastres_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |50 PT
| 135 × 70
| Brown/rawaya-kore
| Masallacin Al-Azhar
| Ramses II
| 1985
|-
|[[File:1EGP-2001(5).png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:1pound_Egypt_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |£1
| 140 × 70
| Beige
| Masallaci da mausoleum na Qaitbay
| Abu Simbel Temples
| 1978
|-
|[[File:5EGP-2012.png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:5EGP(2).png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £5
| 145 × 70
| Launi-kore
| [[Masallacin Ibn Tulun]]
| Hoton Fir'auna na Hapi (allahn [[Ambaliyar kogin nilu|ambaliyar ruwan]] [[Nil|Nilu]] na shekara-shekara) yana ba da fa'ida.
| 1981
|-
|[[File:10polemr-face-2022.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:10polemr-back-2022.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £10 
| 132 × 70
| Lemu
| Masallacin Al-Fattah Al-Aleem
| Hatshepsut
| 2022
|-
|[[File:Egypt_20_Pound_2009_obverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:Egypt_20_Pound_2009_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £20
| 155 × 70
| Kore
| Masallacin Muhammad Ali
| Karusar yaƙi na Fir'auna da frieze daga ɗakin sujada na Senusret I
| 1978
|-
|[[File:EGP_50_Pounds_Dec_2001_(Front).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:EGP_50_Pounds_Dec_2001_(Back).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £50
| 160 × 70
| Brown-janye
| Masallacin Abu Huraiba
(Masallacin Qijmas al-Ishaqi)
| Temple of Edfu
| 1993
|-
|[[File:EGP_100_Pounds_2009_(Front).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:100_EGP_reverse_2014-1-26.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £100
| 165 × 70
| Cyan
| Masallacin Sultan Hassan
| Babban Sphinx na Giza
| 1994
|-
|[[File:EGP_200_Pounds_Apr_2007_(Front).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:EGP_200_Pounds_Apr_2007_(Back).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £200
| 165 × 72
| Zaitun
| Masallacin Qani-Bay
| Marubuci Zazzau
| 2007
|}

== Farashin musaya na tarihi da na yanzu ==

=== Sterling ===
Wannan tebur yana nuna darajar 1 laban Sterling a cikin fam na Masar.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Kwanan wata
! Adadin hukuma
|-
| 1885 zuwa 1949
| E£0.975
|-
| 2008
| E 10.0775
|-
| 2009
| E£8.50
|-
| 2012
| E£9.68
|-
| 2014
| E£11.97 To E£12.03
|-
| 2016
| E£12.60 zuwa E£21.21
|-
| 2017
| E£20.00
|-
| 2020
| E£20.00
|-
| 2022
| E£29.906 a matsayin karshen shekara
|-
| 2023
| E £ 36.81 har zuwa Maris 3
|}

=== Dalar Amurka ===
[[File:Value_of_USD_in_EGP_(1789_to_2020).png|thumb|400x400px| Tarihin darajar dalar Amurka daya a kudin Masar daga 1789 zuwa yanzu, alkalumman da suka gabata kafin 1834, shekarar da aka bullo da fam din fam, na nuni da yawan piastres 100.]]
Wannan tebur yana nuna ƙimar tarihin US$ 1 a cikin kudin Masar (piastres kafin 1834, fam daga yanzu):
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Kwanan wata
! Adadin hukuma
|-
| 1789 zuwa 1799
| 3 PT
|-
| 1800 zuwa 1824
| 6 PT
|-
| 1825 zuwa 1884
| 14 PT (E£0.14)
|-
| 1885 zuwa 1939
| E£0.20
|-
| 1940 zuwa 1949
| E £ 0.25
|-
| 1950 zuwa 1967
| E £ 0.36
|-
| 1968 zuwa 1978
| E£0.40
|-
| 1979 zuwa 1988
| E£0.60
|-
| 1989
| E £ 0.83
|-
| 1990
| E£1.50
|-
| 1991
| E£3.00
|-
| 1992
| E£3.33
|-
| 1993 zuwa 1998
| E£3.39
|-
| 1999
| E£3.40
|-
| 2000
| E£3.42 zuwa E£3.75
|-
| 2001
| E£3.75 zuwa E£4.50
|-
| 2002
| E£4.50 zuwa E£4.62
|-
| 2003
| E£4.82 zuwa E£6.25
|-
| 2004
| E£6.13 To E£6.28
|-
| 2005 zuwa 2006
| E£5.75
|-
| 2007
| E£5.640 zuwa E£5.50
|-
| 2008
| E£5.50 zuwa E£5.29
|-
| 2009
| E£5.75
|-
| 2010
| E£5.80
|-
| 2011
| E£5.95
|-
| 2012
| E£6.36
|-
| 2013
| E£6.50 zuwa E£6.96
|-
| 2014
| E£6.95 zuwa E£7.15
|-
| 2015
| E£7.15 zuwa E£11.00
|-
| 2016
| E£15.00 zuwa E£18.00
|-
| 2017
| E£17.70 zuwa E£17.83
|-
| 2018
| E£17.69 zuwa E£17.89
|-
| 2019
| E£17.89 zuwa E£15.99
|-
| 2020
| E£16.04 To E£15.79
|-
| 2021
| E£15.82 To E£15.71
|-
| 2022
| E£15.72 zuwa E£24.70
|-
| 2023
| E £ 24.75 zuwa E £ 30.77 har zuwa Maris 3
|}

== Manazarta  ==
{{realist}} 

[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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[[File:Coin postcard Egypt (obv).jpg|thumb|hoton fam na egypt]]
'''Fam na Masari''' (Larabcin Misra [ge.neːh masˤ.ri] ; gajarta:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Statesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |title=Statesman's Year-Book 1899 American Edition – page 178 |website=en.wikisource.org |date=1899 |access-date=2022-07-03 |archive-date=2022-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703083120/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3AStatesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.xe.com/currency/egp-egyptian-pound/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-04-11 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227183107/https://www.xe.com/currency/egp-egyptian-pound/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;   '''£''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/egp.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-08-03 |archive-date=2022-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807225735/https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/egp.asp |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''E£''', &lt;ref&gt;{{Citeweb |url=https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Statesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-04-13 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413055126/https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3AStatesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''£ E''',  '''LE''',  ko '''EGP''' a cikin Latin, da '''{{Lang|arz|ج.م.}}''' a cikin Larabci, ISO code : '''EGP''' ) ita ce kudin [[Misra|Masar]]. An kuma kasa shi kashi 100, ko ersh ( {{Lang|arz|قرش}} [ʔerʃ]; ''jam'i'' {{Lang|arz|قروش}} [ʔo.ruːʃ];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33367/33304.pdf?sequence=4|title=World Bank Editorial Style Guide 2020 - page 135|website=openknowledge.worldbank.org|access-date=2022-08-15|archive-date=2022-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802031424/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33367/33304.pdf?sequence=4|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; gajarta: PT (gajeren &quot;piastre tarif&quot;)  ), ko 1,000 milliemes ( {{Lang|arz|مليم}}&amp;nbsp;&lt;span lang=&quot;ar-Latn-fonipa&quot; class=&quot;IPA&quot; title=&quot;Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)&quot;&gt;[mal.liːm]; {{Lang-fr|millième}}, an rage shi zuwa ''m'' ko ''niƙa'').

Sabbin bayanin kula mai nauyin kilo 10- da 20 an yi su ne daga takarda filastik polymer har zuwa Yuli 6, 2022
[[File:Egyptian_Pound.png|right|thumb| E£1 tsabar kudi na zamani.]]

== Tarihi ==
{{Css Image Crop|Image=SUD-S111b-Siege of Khartoum-50 Egyptian Pounds (1884).jpg|bSize=228|cWidth=220|cHeight=142|oTop=2|oLeft=3|Location=right|Description=E£50 [[Siege of Khartoum currency|promissory note]] issued and hand-signed by Gen. [[Charles George Gordon|Gordon]] during the [[Siege of Khartoum]] (26 April 1884)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=22dKPgAACAAJ&amp;q=standard+catalog+of+specialized+issues|page=1070|title= Standard Catalog of World Paper Money Specialized Issues|edition=11|publisher=Krause|isbn=978-1-4402-0450-0|editor-last=Cuhaj|editor-first=George S.|year=2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |last=Mira |first=Mazen |date=2022-06-21 |script-title=ar:نقود حصار الخرطوم |url=https://arabcollector.com/product/the-arab-collector-17 |magazine=The Arab Collector |script-magazine=ar:المقتني العربي |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228121655/https://arabcollector.com/product/the-arab-collector-17 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
[[File:Egyptian_First_pound_bill.jpg|thumb|330x330px| Rubutun banki na E£1 na farko da aka bayar a cikin 1899 ]]
A cikin shekarar 1834, an ba da dokar khedival, ɗaukar kudin Masar bisa ka'idar bimetallic ( zinari da azurfa ) bisa tushen Maria Theresa thaler, sanannen tsabar kasuwanci a yankin.  An gabatar da fam ɗin Masar, wanda aka fi sani da geneih, wanda ya maye gurbin piastre na Masar ( ersh ) a matsayin babban sashin kuɗi. Piastre ya ci gaba da yawo kamar  fam, tare da piastre zuwa kashi 40. A cikin shekarar 1885, an daina fitar da para, kuma an raba piastre zuwa kashi goma ( عشر القرش . 'oshr el-ersh ).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Markus A. Denzel|title=Handbook of World Exchange Rates, 1590-1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2T7l7Wi2ESsC&amp;pg=PA599|year=2010|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=978-0-7546-0356-6|page=599|quote=The piastre of 1839 contained 1.146 grammes of fine silver, the piastre of 1801 approximately 4.6 grammes of fine silver. The most important Egyptian coins, the bedidlik in gold (= 100 piastres; 7.487 grammes of fine gold) and the rial in silver (20 piastres; 23.294 grammes of fine silver)|access-date=2017-10-02|archive-date=2023-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411065413/https://books.google.com/books?id=2T7l7Wi2ESsC&amp;pg=PA599|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; An canza wa waɗannan goman suna milliemes ( malleem ) a cikin 1916.

An kuma daidaita ƙimar musanya ta doka ta hanyar doka don mahimman kuɗaɗen ƙasashen waje waɗanda suka zama karɓuwa a cikin daidaita ma'amaloli na cikin gida. Daga ƙarshe wannan ya haifar da Masar ta amfani da ''ma'aunin'' zinare tsakanin 1885 zuwa 1914, tare da E£1 = 7.4375&amp;nbsp;gram zalla gwal. A lokacin barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|yakin duniya na daya]], fam din Masar din ya yi amfani da fenti daya na fam daya da fam guda shida zuwa fam daya na Masar. Juyawa, wannan yana ba da E£0.975 akan fam ɗaya.

Masar ta ci gaba da zama wani yanki na yanki mai daraja har zuwa 1962, lokacin da Masar ta rage daraja kaɗan kuma ta canza zuwa dalar Amurka, a farashin E£1 = dalar Amurka 2.3. An canza wannan peg zuwa E£1 = US$2.55555 a 1973 lokacin da aka rage darajar dala. Fam Masar ya yi iyo a cikin 1989. Sai dai kuma, har zuwa shekarar 2001, [[Babban Bankin Masar|babban bankin kasar Masar]] ne ke kula da tuhume-tuhumen kuma ana gudanar da ayyukan sarrafa kudaden waje . Bayan da ya ƙare duk manufofinsa don tallafawa fam ɗin, Babban Bankin Masar ya tilasta kawo karshen tsarin tafiyar da ruwa da kuma ba da izinin kudin ya yi iyo a kan 3 Nuwamba 2016;  bankin ya kuma sanar da kawo karshen yadda ake sarrafa kudaden ketare a wannan rana.  Adadin hukuma ya fadi sau biyu.

An kuma yi amfani da fam na Masar a Sudan ta Anglo-Masar tsakanin 1899 zuwa 1956, da kuma Cyrenaica lokacin da take karkashin mulkin Birtaniya sannan daga bisani ta zama masarauta mai cin gashin kanta tsakanin 1942 zuwa 1951. Har ila yau, ya yadu a cikin Falasdinu na wajibi daga 1918 zuwa 1927, lokacin da aka gabatar da fam na Falasdinu, daidai yake da darajar fam Sterling . Babban bankin kasar Masar ya fitar da takardun kudi a karon farko a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 1899. Babban Bankin Masar da Babban Bankin Masar sun hade cikin [[Babban Bankin Masar]] a shekarar 1961.

== Sunayen suna ==

=== An yi amfani da shi don ƙimar tarihi ko a cikin magana ta harshe ===
Ana amfani da sunaye da yawa waɗanda ba na hukuma ba don nuni ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na kuɗin Masar. Waɗannan sun haɗa da (daga kalmar ''[[wiktionary:nickel|nickel]]'' ) ''nekla'' ( {{Lang|ar|نكلة}} ) [ˈneklæ] na 2 milliemes, ''ta'rif'' ( {{Lang|ar|تعريفة}} ) [tæʕˈɾiːfæ] na milliemes 5, {{Transl|arz|shelen}} ( {{Lang|ar|شلن}} ) [ˈʃelen] (watau shilling ) na piastres 5, ''bariza'' ( {{Lang|ar|بريزة}} ) [bæˈɾiːzæ] na piastres 10, da ''reyal'' ( &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:125%; font-family:'KacstOne', 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Tahoma, 'Iranian Sans'&quot;&gt;ريال&lt;/span&gt; ) [ɾeˈjæːl] ( ''&quot; ainihin &quot;'' ) don piastars 20. Tun da piastre da millieme ba su da ɗanɗano na doka, ƙaramar ƙungiyar a halin yanzu ana yin ta ita ce tsabar kuɗin PT 25 (aiki a matsayin kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na E£1), waɗannan sharuɗɗan galibi sun faɗi cikin rashin amfani kuma suna rayuwa azaman masu son sani. Wasu kaɗan sun tsira don komawa zuwa bayanin kula na fam: ''bariza'' yanzu yana nufin bayanin E£10 kuma ana iya amfani da ''reyal'' dangane da bayanin E£20.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2021}}

=== Na yau da kullun ===
Jimlar Fam daban-daban na Masarawa suna da sunayen laƙabi a cikin maganganun yare, misali: E£1 ''bolbol (بلبل)'' ma'ana nightingale ko ''gondi (جوندي)'' ma'ana soja, E£1,000 ''bako'' ( {{Lang|ar|باكو}} ) [ˈbæːko] &quot;fakiti&quot;; E£1,000,000 ''arnab'' ( {{Lang|ar|أرنب}} ) [ˈʔæɾnæb] &quot;zomo&quot;; E £1,000,000,000 ''ji'' ( {{Lang|ar|فيل}} ) [fiːl] &quot;giwa&quot;{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}} .

== Tsabar kudi ==
Tsakanin 1837 da 1900, jan karfe 1 da 5 para *, azurfa 10 da 20 para, 1, 5, 10 da 20 piastre (pt), zinariya 5pt, 10pt. kuma an gabatar da tsabar kudi 20pt da E£1, tare da tsabar zinari 50 PT da aka bayar a cikin 1839.

An gabatar da tsabar tsabar Copper 10 para a cikin 1853, kodayake tsabar azurfar ta ci gaba da ba da ita. An sake gabatar da tsabar tsabar Copper 10 para a cikin 1862, sannan jan karfe 4 para da 2 suka biyo baya  tsabar kudi a cikin 1863. An gabatar da tsabar tsabar zinare 25 PT a cikin 1867.

A cikin 1885, an maye gurbin para da millieme don rage yawan kudin kuma an gabatar da sabon tsabar kudi. Batun ya kunshi tagulla   1, 2 da 5 millieme (m), azurfa 1 PT, 2 PT, 5 PT, 10 PT da 20 PT tsabar kudi. Kusan kuɗin zinare ya ƙare, tare da ƙananan lambobi na PT 5 da 10 PT kawai an ba da su.

A cikin 1916 da 1917, an gabatar da sabon tsabar tsabar ƙarfe na ƙarfe wanda ya ƙunshi tagulla.  da holed, cupro-nickel 1m, 2m, 5m and 10m tsabar kudi. Azurfa 2 PT, 5 PT, 10 PT da 20 PT tsabar kudi, kuma an sake dawo da tsabar E£1 na gwal. Tsakanin 1922 zuwa 1923, an tsawaita kuɗin zinare don haɗa da 20 PT da 50 PT da E£1 da E£5 tsabar kudi. A cikin 1924, tagulla ya maye gurbin cupro-nickel a cikin tsabar kudin 1m kuma an cire ramukan daga sauran tsabar kudi-nickel. A cikin 1938, an gabatar da tsabar tagulla 5m da 10m, sannan a 1944 da azurfa, tsabar kudi PT guda 2.

Tsakanin 1954 zuwa 1956, an bullo da wani sabon tsabar kudi, wanda ya kunshi aluminum-bronze 1m, 5m and 10m da silver 5 PT, 10 PT da 20 PT tsabar kudi, tare da rage girman tsabar kudin azurfa. An ƙaddamar da tsabar aluminium-tagulla 2m a cikin 1962. A shekara ta 1967 an yi watsi da kuɗin azurfa kuma an gabatar da tsabar kudi na cin kofin nickel 5 da 10 piastre.

Aluminum ya maye gurbin aluminum-tagulla a cikin tsabar kudi 1m, 5m da 10m a 1972, sannan tagulla a cikin tsabar 5m da 10m a 1973. Aluminium-bronze 2 PT da cupro-nickel 20 PT tsabar kudi an gabatar da su a cikin 1980, sannan aluminium-bronze 1 PT da 5 PT tsabar kudi a 1984. A cikin 1992, an gabatar da tsabar tagulla 5 da 10 piastre, sannan aka binne su a cikin 1993, hold, cupro-nickel 25 piastre tsabar kudi. An rage girman tsabar PT 5 a cikin 2004, 10 PT da 25 PT tsabar kudi - a cikin 2008.

A ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2006, 50 PT da E£1 tsabar kudi masu kwanan wata 2005 an gabatar da su, kuma an cire kwatankwacin takardun kudinsa na ɗan lokaci daga rarrabawa a cikin 2010. Sulalolin suna ɗauke da fuskar [[Cleopatra|Cleopatra VII]] da abin rufe fuska na Tutankhamun, kuma tsabar E£1 ɗin bimetallic ne. An rage girman da abun da ke ciki na tsabar kudi PT 50 a cikin 2007.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Coins in circulation
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Value
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Debut
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Image
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Specifications
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Description
|-
!Obverse
!Reverse
!Diameter (mm)
!Thickness (mm)
!Mass (g)
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Composition
!Obverse
!Reverse
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |5 PT**
|1984
|[[File:5qershObverse1984.jpg|55x55px|5qershObverse1984]]
|[[File:5qershReverse1984.jpg|59x59px|5qershReverse1984]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |23
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.2
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |4.9
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 95% Aluminium 5%
|3 pyramids of Giza
| rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |
* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* Value in [[Larabci|Arabic]]
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
|-
|1992
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |21
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.1
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |3.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 92% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aluminium 8%
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Islamic pottery
|-
|2004–2008
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |17
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.04
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2.4
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nickel 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copper plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |10 PT**
|1984
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.35
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |5.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 75% Nickel 25%
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Mosque of Muhammad Ali
|-
|1992
|[[File:10_EPT_obverse.JPG|55x55px]]
|[[File:10_EPT_reverse.JPG|57x57px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |23
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.2
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |4.9
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 95% Aluminum 5%
|-
|2008
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |19
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.1
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |3.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Copper 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |20 PT**
|1984
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |27
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.4
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |6
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 75% Nickel 25%
|-
|1992
|
|[[File:20_EPT_reverse.JPG|57x57px]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.35
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |5.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Copper 95%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Aluminium 5%
|[[Jami'ar Al-Azhar|Al-Azhar mosque]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25 PT
|1993**
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.4
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* Islamic illustration
* Value in [[Larabci|Arabic]] and in [[Turanci|English]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |

* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
|-
|2008-22
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |21
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.26
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |4.5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Copper 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;10&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |50 PT
|2005
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[File:50_Egyptian_piastres_obverse.JPG|70x70px]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[File:50_Egyptian_piastres_reverse.jpg|71x71px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.58
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |6.5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 75% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Zinc]] 20% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel 5%
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* [[Cleopatra]]'s head
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* Value in Arabic and in English
|-
|2007-21
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |23
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.7
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nickel 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copper plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;10&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |£1***
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2005
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[File:100_EPT_obverse.JPG|70x70px]]
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[File:100_EPT_reverse.JPG|70x70px]]
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.89
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |8.5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Bimetal
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Tutankhamun's mask
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |
* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* Value in Arabic and in English
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|Ring
|Centre
|-
|Copper 75% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel 25%
|Copper 75% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Zinc]] 20% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel 5%
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2007–2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.96
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Copper 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel plating 4%
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nickel 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copper plating 4%
|}
{{smalldiv|1=''* 1 para = {{frac|40}} piastre.''

''** Not in circulation as of 2008.''

''*** As to commemorate the branching of the Suez canal, the obverse had the Arabic phrase, {{lang|ar|قناة السويس الجديدة}} &quot;New Suez Canal&quot;.''}}

== Takardun kuɗi ==
A cikin alif dari takwas da casa'in  da tara 1899, Babban Bankin Masar ya gabatar da bayanin kula a cikin 50 PT, £1, £5, £10, £50 da £100. Tsakanin alif dari tara da sha shida  1916 zuwa alif dari tara da sha bakwai 1917, an ƙara PT bayanin kula guda 25, tare da takardun kuɗin gwamnati na 5 PT da PT 10 da Ma'aikatar Kudi ta fitar.

A shekarar alif dari tara da sittin da da daya 1961, [[Babban Bankin Masar|babban bankin kasar Masar]] ya karbi ragamar mulkin kasar daga hannun babban bankin kasa, ya kuma fitar da takardar kudi ta kungiyar ‘yan fashin teku 25 da 50, an bullo da takardar kudi fam 1, £5, fam 10 da fam 20 a shekarar 1976, sai kuma fam 100 a 1978, fam. 50 a 1993 da £ 200 a 2007. 

Duk takardun kuɗin Masar na harsuna biyu ne, tare da rubutun [[Larabci]] da lambobi na Larabci na Gabas akan madaidaicin, da rubutun [[Turanci|Ingilishi]] da lambobin Larabci na Yamma a baya. Zane-zanen da ba a saba ba suna nuna fasalin ginin [[Musulunci]] tare da zane-zane na baya da ke nuna ginshiƙan Masarawa na dā (ginai, mutummutumai da rubuce-rubuce). A cikin watan Disamba na 2006, an ambata a cikin labarai a jaridun ''Al Ahram'' da ''Al Akhbar'' cewa ana shirin gabatar da fam 200 da fam 500. Tun daga shekarar 2019, akwai bayanan £200 da ke yawo amma har yanzu babu wani shiri na fitar da bayanan £500.  An fara daga 2011 an cire 25 PT, 50 PT da fam 1 takardun banki don neman ƙarin amfani da tsabar kudi. Koyaya, tun daga watan Yuni 2016 Babban Bankin Masar ya sake dawo da fam ɗin banki na fam 1 zuwa wurare dabam dabam  da kuma 25 PT da 50 PT bayanin kula saboda ƙarancin ƙaramin canji.

Gwamnan babban bankin kasar Masar ya sanar da cewa babban bankin kasar Masar zai fitar da bayanan polymer a farkon shekarar 2021. Wannan canjin ya zo ne yayin da CBE ta koma babban ofishinta zuwa sabon babban birnin tarayya.  A ranar 31 ga Yuli, 2021, Shugaban Masar ya sake duba bayanan £10 da £20, da za a fitar a watan Nuwamba 2021.  A watan Agustan 2021, an tilasta wa Babban Bankin tabbatar da cewa bakan gizo holograms a kan sabbin takardun banki wata amintacciyar alama ce ta alamar ruwa don hana jabu, bayan masu sukar kan layi sun ba da shawarar saƙon ɓoye ne na goyon bayan haƙƙin LGBT.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/08/03/egypt-rainbow-bank-note/|title=Bank of Egypt forced to confirm new rainbow note isn't for LGBT+ rights after backlash|last=Powys Maurice|first=Emily|date=3 August 2021|work=[[PinkNews]]|access-date=3 August 2021|archive-date=3 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803160013/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/08/03/egypt-rainbow-bank-note/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.egyptindependent.com/cbe-confirms-continued-validity-of-all-paper-currencies/|title=CBE confirms continued validity of all paper currencies|date=3 August 2021|work=[[Egypt Independent]]|access-date=3 August 2021|archive-date=3 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803104137/https://www.egyptindependent.com/cbe-confirms-continued-validity-of-all-paper-currencies/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+MShafin na yanzu na fam na Masar
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Hoto
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Daraja
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Girma (milimita)
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Babban launi
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Bayani
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Shekarar fitowar farko
|-
! Banda
! Juya baya
! Banda
! Juya baya
|-
|[[File:EGP_25_Piastres_2008_(Front).png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:25piastres_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25 PT
| 130 × 70
| Blue
| [[Masallacin Sayeda Aisha|Masjid A'isha]]
| Tufafin makamai na Masar
| 1985
|-
|[[File:50_piastres_obverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:50_piastres_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |50 PT
| 135 × 70
| Brown/rawaya-kore
| Masallacin Al-Azhar
| Ramses II
| 1985
|-
|[[File:1EGP-2001(5).png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:1pound_Egypt_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |£1
| 140 × 70
| Beige
| Masallaci da mausoleum na Qaitbay
| Abu Simbel Temples
| 1978
|-
|[[File:5EGP-2012.png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:5EGP(2).png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £5
| 145 × 70
| Launi-kore
| [[Masallacin Ibn Tulun]]
| Hoton Fir'auna na Hapi (allahn [[Ambaliyar kogin nilu|ambaliyar ruwan]] [[Nil|Nilu]] na shekara-shekara) yana ba da fa'ida.
| 1981
|-
|[[File:10polemr-face-2022.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:10polemr-back-2022.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £10 
| 132 × 70
| Lemu
| Masallacin Al-Fattah Al-Aleem
| Hatshepsut
| 2022
|-
|[[File:Egypt_20_Pound_2009_obverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:Egypt_20_Pound_2009_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £20
| 155 × 70
| Kore
| Masallacin Muhammad Ali
| Karusar yaƙi na Fir'auna da frieze daga ɗakin sujada na Senusret I
| 1978
|-
|[[File:EGP_50_Pounds_Dec_2001_(Front).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:EGP_50_Pounds_Dec_2001_(Back).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £50
| 160 × 70
| Brown-janye
| Masallacin Abu Huraiba
(Masallacin Qijmas al-Ishaqi)
| Temple of Edfu
| 1993
|-
|[[File:EGP_100_Pounds_2009_(Front).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:100_EGP_reverse_2014-1-26.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £100
| 165 × 70
| Cyan
| Masallacin Sultan Hassan
| Babban Sphinx na Giza
| 1994
|-
|[[File:EGP_200_Pounds_Apr_2007_(Front).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:EGP_200_Pounds_Apr_2007_(Back).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £200
| 165 × 72
| Zaitun
| Masallacin Qani-Bay
| Marubuci Zazzau
| 2007
|}

== Farashin musaya na tarihi da na yanzu ==

=== Sterling ===
Wannan tebur yana nuna darajar 1 laban Sterling a cikin fam na Masar.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Kwanan wata
! Adadin hukuma
|-
| 1885 zuwa 1949
| E£0.975
|-
| 2008
| E 10.0775
|-
| 2009
| E£8.50
|-
| 2012
| E£9.68
|-
| 2014
| E£11.97 To E£12.03
|-
| 2016
| E£12.60 zuwa E£21.21
|-
| 2017
| E£20.00
|-
| 2020
| E£20.00
|-
| 2022
| E£29.906 a matsayin karshen shekara
|-
| 2023
| E £ 36.81 har zuwa Maris 3
|}

=== Dalar Amurka ===
[[File:Value_of_USD_in_EGP_(1789_to_2020).png|thumb|400x400px| Tarihin darajar dalar Amurka daya a kudin Masar daga 1789 zuwa yanzu, alkalumman da suka gabata kafin 1834, shekarar da aka bullo da fam din fam, na nuni da yawan piastres 100.]]
Wannan tebur yana nuna ƙimar tarihin US$ 1 a cikin kudin Masar (piastres kafin 1834, fam daga yanzu):
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Kwanan wata
! Adadin hukuma
|-
| 1789 zuwa 1799
| 3 PT
|-
| 1800 zuwa 1824
| 6 PT
|-
| 1825 zuwa 1884
| 14 PT (E£0.14)
|-
| 1885 zuwa 1939
| E£0.20
|-
| 1940 zuwa 1949
| E £ 0.25
|-
| 1950 zuwa 1967
| E £ 0.36
|-
| 1968 zuwa 1978
| E£0.40
|-
| 1979 zuwa 1988
| E£0.60
|-
| 1989
| E £ 0.83
|-
| 1990
| E£1.50
|-
| 1991
| E£3.00
|-
| 1992
| E£3.33
|-
| 1993 zuwa 1998
| E£3.39
|-
| 1999
| E£3.40
|-
| 2000
| E£3.42 zuwa E£3.75
|-
| 2001
| E£3.75 zuwa E£4.50
|-
| 2002
| E£4.50 zuwa E£4.62
|-
| 2003
| E£4.82 zuwa E£6.25
|-
| 2004
| E£6.13 To E£6.28
|-
| 2005 zuwa 2006
| E£5.75
|-
| 2007
| E£5.640 zuwa E£5.50
|-
| 2008
| E£5.50 zuwa E£5.29
|-
| 2009
| E£5.75
|-
| 2010
| E£5.80
|-
| 2011
| E£5.95
|-
| 2012
| E£6.36
|-
| 2013
| E£6.50 zuwa E£6.96
|-
| 2014
| E£6.95 zuwa E£7.15
|-
| 2015
| E£7.15 zuwa E£11.00
|-
| 2016
| E£15.00 zuwa E£18.00
|-
| 2017
| E£17.70 zuwa E£17.83
|-
| 2018
| E£17.69 zuwa E£17.89
|-
| 2019
| E£17.89 zuwa E£15.99
|-
| 2020
| E£16.04 To E£15.79
|-
| 2021
| E£15.82 To E£15.71
|-
| 2022
| E£15.72 zuwa E£24.70
|-
| 2023
| E £ 24.75 zuwa E £ 30.77 har zuwa Maris 3
|}

== Manazarta  ==
{{realist}} 

[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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[[File:Coin postcard Egypt (obv).jpg|thumb|hoton fam na egypt]]
'''Fam na Masari''' (Larabcin Misra [ge.neːh masˤ.ri] ; gajarta:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Statesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |title=Statesman's Year-Book 1899 American Edition – page 178 |website=en.wikisource.org |date=1899 |access-date=2022-07-03 |archive-date=2022-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703083120/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3AStatesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.xe.com/currency/egp-egyptian-pound/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-04-11 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227183107/https://www.xe.com/currency/egp-egyptian-pound/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;   '''£''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/egp.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-08-03 |archive-date=2022-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807225735/https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/egp.asp |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''E£''', &lt;ref&gt;{{Citeweb |url=https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Statesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-04-13 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413055126/https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3AStatesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''£ E''',  '''LE''',  ko '''EGP''' a cikin Latin, da '''{{Lang|arz|ج.م.}}''' a cikin Larabci, ISO code : '''EGP''' ) ita ce kudin [[Misra|Masar]]. An kuma kasa shi kashi 100, ko ersh ( {{Lang|arz|قرش}} [ʔerʃ]; ''jam'i'' {{Lang|arz|قروش}} [ʔo.ruːʃ];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33367/33304.pdf?sequence=4|title=World Bank Editorial Style Guide 2020 - page 135|website=openknowledge.worldbank.org|access-date=2022-08-15|archive-date=2022-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802031424/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33367/33304.pdf?sequence=4|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; gajarta: PT (gajeren &quot;piastre tarif&quot;)  ), ko 1,000 milliemes ( {{Lang|arz|مليم}}&amp;nbsp;&lt;span lang=&quot;ar-Latn-fonipa&quot; class=&quot;IPA&quot; title=&quot;Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)&quot;&gt;[mal.liːm]; {{Lang-fr|millième}}, an rage shi zuwa ''m'' ko ''niƙa'').

Sabbin bayanin kula mai nauyin kilo 10- da 20 an yi su ne daga takarda filastik polymer har zuwa Yuli 6, 2022
[[File:Egyptian_Pound.png|right|thumb| E£1 tsabar kudi na zamani.]]

== Tarihi ==
{{Css Image Crop|Image=SUD-S111b-Siege of Khartoum-50 Egyptian Pounds (1884).jpg|bSize=228|cWidth=220|cHeight=142|oTop=2|oLeft=3|Location=right|Description=E£50 [[Siege of Khartoum currency|promissory note]] issued and hand-signed by Gen. [[Charles George Gordon|Gordon]] during the [[Siege of Khartoum]] (26 April 1884)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=22dKPgAACAAJ&amp;q=standard+catalog+of+specialized+issues|page=1070|title= Standard Catalog of World Paper Money Specialized Issues|edition=11|publisher=Krause|isbn=978-1-4402-0450-0|editor-last=Cuhaj|editor-first=George S.|year=2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |last=Mira |first=Mazen |date=2022-06-21 |script-title=ar:نقود حصار الخرطوم |url=https://arabcollector.com/product/the-arab-collector-17 |magazine=The Arab Collector |script-magazine=ar:المقتني العربي |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228121655/https://arabcollector.com/product/the-arab-collector-17 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
[[File:Egyptian_First_pound_bill.jpg|thumb|330x330px| Rubutun banki na E£1 na farko da aka bayar a cikin 1899 ]]
A cikin shekarar 1834, an ba da dokar khedival, ɗaukar kudin Masar bisa ka'idar bimetallic ( zinari da azurfa ) bisa tushen Maria Theresa thaler, sanannen tsabar kasuwanci a yankin.  An gabatar da fam ɗin Masar, wanda aka fi sani da geneih, wanda ya maye gurbin piastre na Masar ( ersh ) a matsayin babban sashin kuɗi. Piastre ya ci gaba da yawo kamar  fam, tare da piastre zuwa kashi 40. A cikin shekarar 1885, an daina fitar da para, kuma an raba piastre zuwa kashi goma ( عشر القرش . 'oshr el-ersh ).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Markus A. Denzel|title=Handbook of World Exchange Rates, 1590-1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2T7l7Wi2ESsC&amp;pg=PA599|year=2010|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=978-0-7546-0356-6|page=599|quote=The piastre of 1839 contained 1.146 grammes of fine silver, the piastre of 1801 approximately 4.6 grammes of fine silver. The most important Egyptian coins, the bedidlik in gold (= 100 piastres; 7.487 grammes of fine gold) and the rial in silver (20 piastres; 23.294 grammes of fine silver)|access-date=2017-10-02|archive-date=2023-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411065413/https://books.google.com/books?id=2T7l7Wi2ESsC&amp;pg=PA599|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; An canza wa waɗannan goman suna milliemes ( malleem ) a cikin 1916.

An kuma daidaita ƙimar musanya ta doka ta hanyar doka don mahimman kuɗaɗen ƙasashen waje waɗanda suka zama karɓuwa a cikin daidaita ma'amaloli na cikin gida. Daga ƙarshe wannan ya haifar da Masar ta amfani da ''ma'aunin'' zinare tsakanin shekarar 1885 zuwa 1914, tare da E£1 = 7.4375&amp;nbsp;gram zalla gwal. A lokacin barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|yakin duniya na daya]], fam din Masar din ya yi amfani da fenti daya na fam daya da fam guda shida zuwa fam daya na Masar. Juyawa, wannan yana ba da E£0.975 akan fam ɗaya.

Masar ta ci gaba da zama wani yanki na yanki mai daraja har zuwa 1962, lokacin da Masar ta rage daraja kaɗan kuma ta canza zuwa dalar Amurka, a farashin E£1 = dalar Amurka 2.3. An canza wannan peg zuwa E£1 = US$2.55555 a 1973 lokacin da aka rage darajar dala. Fam Masar ya yi iyo a cikin 1989. Sai dai kuma, har zuwa shekarar 2001, [[Babban Bankin Masar|babban bankin kasar Masar]] ne ke kula da tuhume-tuhumen kuma ana gudanar da ayyukan sarrafa kudaden waje . Bayan da ya ƙare duk manufofinsa don tallafawa fam ɗin, Babban Bankin Masar ya tilasta kawo karshen tsarin tafiyar da ruwa da kuma ba da izinin kudin ya yi iyo a kan 3 Nuwamba 2016;  bankin ya kuma sanar da kawo karshen yadda ake sarrafa kudaden ketare a wannan rana.  Adadin hukuma ya fadi sau biyu.

An kuma yi amfani da fam na Masar a Sudan ta Anglo-Masar tsakanin 1899 zuwa 1956, da kuma Cyrenaica lokacin da take karkashin mulkin Birtaniya sannan daga bisani ta zama masarauta mai cin gashin kanta tsakanin 1942 zuwa 1951. Har ila yau, ya yadu a cikin Falasdinu na wajibi daga 1918 zuwa 1927, lokacin da aka gabatar da fam na Falasdinu, daidai yake da darajar fam Sterling . Babban bankin kasar Masar ya fitar da takardun kudi a karon farko a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 1899. Babban Bankin Masar da Babban Bankin Masar sun hade cikin [[Babban Bankin Masar]] a shekarar 1961.

== Sunayen suna ==

=== An yi amfani da shi don ƙimar tarihi ko a cikin magana ta harshe ===
Ana amfani da sunaye da yawa waɗanda ba na hukuma ba don nuni ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na kuɗin Masar. Waɗannan sun haɗa da (daga kalmar ''[[wiktionary:nickel|nickel]]'' ) ''nekla'' ( {{Lang|ar|نكلة}} ) [ˈneklæ] na 2 milliemes, ''ta'rif'' ( {{Lang|ar|تعريفة}} ) [tæʕˈɾiːfæ] na milliemes 5, {{Transl|arz|shelen}} ( {{Lang|ar|شلن}} ) [ˈʃelen] (watau shilling ) na piastres 5, ''bariza'' ( {{Lang|ar|بريزة}} ) [bæˈɾiːzæ] na piastres 10, da ''reyal'' ( &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:125%; font-family:'KacstOne', 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Tahoma, 'Iranian Sans'&quot;&gt;ريال&lt;/span&gt; ) [ɾeˈjæːl] ( ''&quot; ainihin &quot;'' ) don piastars 20. Tun da piastre da millieme ba su da ɗanɗano na doka, ƙaramar ƙungiyar a halin yanzu ana yin ta ita ce tsabar kuɗin PT 25 (aiki a matsayin kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na E£1), waɗannan sharuɗɗan galibi sun faɗi cikin rashin amfani kuma suna rayuwa azaman masu son sani. Wasu kaɗan sun tsira don komawa zuwa bayanin kula na fam: ''bariza'' yanzu yana nufin bayanin E£10 kuma ana iya amfani da ''reyal'' dangane da bayanin E£20.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2021}}

=== Na yau da kullun ===
Jimlar Fam daban-daban na Masarawa suna da sunayen laƙabi a cikin maganganun yare, misali: E£1 ''bolbol (بلبل)'' ma'ana nightingale ko ''gondi (جوندي)'' ma'ana soja, E£1,000 ''bako'' ( {{Lang|ar|باكو}} ) [ˈbæːko] &quot;fakiti&quot;; E£1,000,000 ''arnab'' ( {{Lang|ar|أرنب}} ) [ˈʔæɾnæb] &quot;zomo&quot;; E £1,000,000,000 ''ji'' ( {{Lang|ar|فيل}} ) [fiːl] &quot;giwa&quot;{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}} .

== Tsabar kudi ==
Tsakanin 1837 da 1900, jan karfe 1 da 5 para *, azurfa 10 da 20 para, 1, 5, 10 da 20 piastre (pt), zinariya 5pt, 10pt. kuma an gabatar da tsabar kudi 20pt da E£1, tare da tsabar zinari 50 PT da aka bayar a cikin 1839.

An gabatar da tsabar tsabar Copper 10 para a cikin 1853, kodayake tsabar azurfar ta ci gaba da ba da ita. An sake gabatar da tsabar tsabar Copper 10 para a cikin 1862, sannan jan karfe 4 para da 2 suka biyo baya  tsabar kudi a cikin 1863. An gabatar da tsabar tsabar zinare 25 PT a cikin 1867.

A cikin 1885, an maye gurbin para da millieme don rage yawan kudin kuma an gabatar da sabon tsabar kudi. Batun ya kunshi tagulla   1, 2 da 5 millieme (m), azurfa 1 PT, 2 PT, 5 PT, 10 PT da 20 PT tsabar kudi. Kusan kuɗin zinare ya ƙare, tare da ƙananan lambobi na PT 5 da 10 PT kawai an ba da su.

A cikin 1916 da 1917, an gabatar da sabon tsabar tsabar ƙarfe na ƙarfe wanda ya ƙunshi tagulla.  da holed, cupro-nickel 1m, 2m, 5m and 10m tsabar kudi. Azurfa 2 PT, 5 PT, 10 PT da 20 PT tsabar kudi, kuma an sake dawo da tsabar E£1 na gwal. Tsakanin 1922 zuwa 1923, an tsawaita kuɗin zinare don haɗa da 20 PT da 50 PT da E£1 da E£5 tsabar kudi. A cikin 1924, tagulla ya maye gurbin cupro-nickel a cikin tsabar kudin 1m kuma an cire ramukan daga sauran tsabar kudi-nickel. A cikin 1938, an gabatar da tsabar tagulla 5m da 10m, sannan a 1944 da azurfa, tsabar kudi PT guda 2.

Tsakanin 1954 zuwa 1956, an bullo da wani sabon tsabar kudi, wanda ya kunshi aluminum-bronze 1m, 5m and 10m da silver 5 PT, 10 PT da 20 PT tsabar kudi, tare da rage girman tsabar kudin azurfa. An ƙaddamar da tsabar aluminium-tagulla 2m a cikin 1962. A shekara ta 1967 an yi watsi da kuɗin azurfa kuma an gabatar da tsabar kudi na cin kofin nickel 5 da 10 piastre.

Aluminum ya maye gurbin aluminum-tagulla a cikin tsabar kudi 1m, 5m da 10m a 1972, sannan tagulla a cikin tsabar 5m da 10m a 1973. Aluminium-bronze 2 PT da cupro-nickel 20 PT tsabar kudi an gabatar da su a cikin 1980, sannan aluminium-bronze 1 PT da 5 PT tsabar kudi a 1984. A cikin 1992, an gabatar da tsabar tagulla 5 da 10 piastre, sannan aka binne su a cikin 1993, hold, cupro-nickel 25 piastre tsabar kudi. An rage girman tsabar PT 5 a cikin 2004, 10 PT da 25 PT tsabar kudi - a cikin 2008.

A ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2006, 50 PT da E£1 tsabar kudi masu kwanan wata 2005 an gabatar da su, kuma an cire kwatankwacin takardun kudinsa na ɗan lokaci daga rarrabawa a cikin 2010. Sulalolin suna ɗauke da fuskar [[Cleopatra|Cleopatra VII]] da abin rufe fuska na Tutankhamun, kuma tsabar E£1 ɗin bimetallic ne. An rage girman da abun da ke ciki na tsabar kudi PT 50 a cikin 2007.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Coins in circulation
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Value
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Debut
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Image
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Specifications
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Description
|-
!Obverse
!Reverse
!Diameter (mm)
!Thickness (mm)
!Mass (g)
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Composition
!Obverse
!Reverse
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |5 PT**
|1984
|[[File:5qershObverse1984.jpg|55x55px|5qershObverse1984]]
|[[File:5qershReverse1984.jpg|59x59px|5qershReverse1984]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |23
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.2
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |4.9
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 95% Aluminium 5%
|3 pyramids of Giza
| rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |
* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* Value in [[Larabci|Arabic]]
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
|-
|1992
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |21
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.1
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |3.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 92% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aluminium 8%
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Islamic pottery
|-
|2004–2008
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |17
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.04
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2.4
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nickel 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copper plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |10 PT**
|1984
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.35
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |5.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 75% Nickel 25%
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Mosque of Muhammad Ali
|-
|1992
|[[File:10_EPT_obverse.JPG|55x55px]]
|[[File:10_EPT_reverse.JPG|57x57px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |23
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.2
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |4.9
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 95% Aluminum 5%
|-
|2008
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |19
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.1
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |3.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Copper 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |20 PT**
|1984
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |27
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.4
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |6
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 75% Nickel 25%
|-
|1992
|
|[[File:20_EPT_reverse.JPG|57x57px]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.35
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |5.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Copper 95%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Aluminium 5%
|[[Jami'ar Al-Azhar|Al-Azhar mosque]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25 PT
|1993**
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.4
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* Islamic illustration
* Value in [[Larabci|Arabic]] and in [[Turanci|English]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |

* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
|-
|2008-22
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |21
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.26
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |4.5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Copper 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;10&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |50 PT
|2005
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[File:50_Egyptian_piastres_obverse.JPG|70x70px]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[File:50_Egyptian_piastres_reverse.jpg|71x71px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.58
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |6.5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 75% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Zinc]] 20% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel 5%
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* [[Cleopatra]]'s head
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* Value in Arabic and in English
|-
|2007-21
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |23
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.7
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nickel 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copper plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;10&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |£1***
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2005
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[File:100_EPT_obverse.JPG|70x70px]]
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[File:100_EPT_reverse.JPG|70x70px]]
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.89
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |8.5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Bimetal
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Tutankhamun's mask
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |
* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* Value in Arabic and in English
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|Ring
|Centre
|-
|Copper 75% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel 25%
|Copper 75% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Zinc]] 20% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel 5%
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2007–2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.96
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Copper 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel plating 4%
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nickel 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copper plating 4%
|}
{{smalldiv|1=''* 1 para = {{frac|40}} piastre.''

''** Not in circulation as of 2008.''

''*** As to commemorate the branching of the Suez canal, the obverse had the Arabic phrase, {{lang|ar|قناة السويس الجديدة}} &quot;New Suez Canal&quot;.''}}

== Takardun kuɗi ==
A cikin alif dari takwas da casa'in  da tara 1899, Babban Bankin Masar ya gabatar da bayanin kula a cikin 50 PT, £1, £5, £10, £50 da £100. Tsakanin alif dari tara da sha shida  1916 zuwa alif dari tara da sha bakwai 1917, an ƙara PT bayanin kula guda 25, tare da takardun kuɗin gwamnati na 5 PT da PT 10 da Ma'aikatar Kudi ta fitar.

A shekarar alif dari tara da sittin da da daya 1961, [[Babban Bankin Masar|babban bankin kasar Masar]] ya karbi ragamar mulkin kasar daga hannun babban bankin kasa, ya kuma fitar da takardar kudi ta kungiyar ‘yan fashin teku 25 da 50, an bullo da takardar kudi fam 1, £5, fam 10 da fam 20 a shekarar 1976, sai kuma fam 100 a 1978, fam. 50 a 1993 da £ 200 a 2007. 

Duk takardun kuɗin Masar na harsuna biyu ne, tare da rubutun [[Larabci]] da lambobi na Larabci na Gabas akan madaidaicin, da rubutun [[Turanci|Ingilishi]] da lambobin Larabci na Yamma a baya. Zane-zanen da ba a saba ba suna nuna fasalin ginin [[Musulunci]] tare da zane-zane na baya da ke nuna ginshiƙan Masarawa na dā (ginai, mutummutumai da rubuce-rubuce). A cikin watan Disamba na 2006, an ambata a cikin labarai a jaridun ''Al Ahram'' da ''Al Akhbar'' cewa ana shirin gabatar da fam 200 da fam 500. Tun daga shekarar 2019, akwai bayanan £200 da ke yawo amma har yanzu babu wani shiri na fitar da bayanan £500.  An fara daga 2011 an cire 25 PT, 50 PT da fam 1 takardun banki don neman ƙarin amfani da tsabar kudi. Koyaya, tun daga watan Yuni 2016 Babban Bankin Masar ya sake dawo da fam ɗin banki na fam 1 zuwa wurare dabam dabam  da kuma 25 PT da 50 PT bayanin kula saboda ƙarancin ƙaramin canji.

Gwamnan babban bankin kasar Masar ya sanar da cewa babban bankin kasar Masar zai fitar da bayanan polymer a farkon shekarar 2021. Wannan canjin ya zo ne yayin da CBE ta koma babban ofishinta zuwa sabon babban birnin tarayya.  A ranar 31 ga Yuli, 2021, Shugaban Masar ya sake duba bayanan £10 da £20, da za a fitar a watan Nuwamba 2021.  A watan Agustan 2021, an tilasta wa Babban Bankin tabbatar da cewa bakan gizo holograms a kan sabbin takardun banki wata amintacciyar alama ce ta alamar ruwa don hana jabu, bayan masu sukar kan layi sun ba da shawarar saƙon ɓoye ne na goyon bayan haƙƙin LGBT.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/08/03/egypt-rainbow-bank-note/|title=Bank of Egypt forced to confirm new rainbow note isn't for LGBT+ rights after backlash|last=Powys Maurice|first=Emily|date=3 August 2021|work=[[PinkNews]]|access-date=3 August 2021|archive-date=3 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803160013/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/08/03/egypt-rainbow-bank-note/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.egyptindependent.com/cbe-confirms-continued-validity-of-all-paper-currencies/|title=CBE confirms continued validity of all paper currencies|date=3 August 2021|work=[[Egypt Independent]]|access-date=3 August 2021|archive-date=3 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803104137/https://www.egyptindependent.com/cbe-confirms-continued-validity-of-all-paper-currencies/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+MShafin na yanzu na fam na Masar
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Hoto
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Daraja
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Girma (milimita)
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Babban launi
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Bayani
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Shekarar fitowar farko
|-
! Banda
! Juya baya
! Banda
! Juya baya
|-
|[[File:EGP_25_Piastres_2008_(Front).png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:25piastres_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25 PT
| 130 × 70
| Blue
| [[Masallacin Sayeda Aisha|Masjid A'isha]]
| Tufafin makamai na Masar
| 1985
|-
|[[File:50_piastres_obverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:50_piastres_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |50 PT
| 135 × 70
| Brown/rawaya-kore
| Masallacin Al-Azhar
| Ramses II
| 1985
|-
|[[File:1EGP-2001(5).png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:1pound_Egypt_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |£1
| 140 × 70
| Beige
| Masallaci da mausoleum na Qaitbay
| Abu Simbel Temples
| 1978
|-
|[[File:5EGP-2012.png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:5EGP(2).png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £5
| 145 × 70
| Launi-kore
| [[Masallacin Ibn Tulun]]
| Hoton Fir'auna na Hapi (allahn [[Ambaliyar kogin nilu|ambaliyar ruwan]] [[Nil|Nilu]] na shekara-shekara) yana ba da fa'ida.
| 1981
|-
|[[File:10polemr-face-2022.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:10polemr-back-2022.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £10 
| 132 × 70
| Lemu
| Masallacin Al-Fattah Al-Aleem
| Hatshepsut
| 2022
|-
|[[File:Egypt_20_Pound_2009_obverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:Egypt_20_Pound_2009_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £20
| 155 × 70
| Kore
| Masallacin Muhammad Ali
| Karusar yaƙi na Fir'auna da frieze daga ɗakin sujada na Senusret I
| 1978
|-
|[[File:EGP_50_Pounds_Dec_2001_(Front).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:EGP_50_Pounds_Dec_2001_(Back).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £50
| 160 × 70
| Brown-janye
| Masallacin Abu Huraiba
(Masallacin Qijmas al-Ishaqi)
| Temple of Edfu
| 1993
|-
|[[File:EGP_100_Pounds_2009_(Front).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:100_EGP_reverse_2014-1-26.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £100
| 165 × 70
| Cyan
| Masallacin Sultan Hassan
| Babban Sphinx na Giza
| 1994
|-
|[[File:EGP_200_Pounds_Apr_2007_(Front).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:EGP_200_Pounds_Apr_2007_(Back).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £200
| 165 × 72
| Zaitun
| Masallacin Qani-Bay
| Marubuci Zazzau
| 2007
|}

== Farashin musaya na tarihi da na yanzu ==

=== Sterling ===
Wannan tebur yana nuna darajar 1 laban Sterling a cikin fam na Masar.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Kwanan wata
! Adadin hukuma
|-
| 1885 zuwa 1949
| E£0.975
|-
| 2008
| E 10.0775
|-
| 2009
| E£8.50
|-
| 2012
| E£9.68
|-
| 2014
| E£11.97 To E£12.03
|-
| 2016
| E£12.60 zuwa E£21.21
|-
| 2017
| E£20.00
|-
| 2020
| E£20.00
|-
| 2022
| E£29.906 a matsayin karshen shekara
|-
| 2023
| E £ 36.81 har zuwa Maris 3
|}

=== Dalar Amurka ===
[[File:Value_of_USD_in_EGP_(1789_to_2020).png|thumb|400x400px| Tarihin darajar dalar Amurka daya a kudin Masar daga 1789 zuwa yanzu, alkalumman da suka gabata kafin 1834, shekarar da aka bullo da fam din fam, na nuni da yawan piastres 100.]]
Wannan tebur yana nuna ƙimar tarihin US$ 1 a cikin kudin Masar (piastres kafin 1834, fam daga yanzu):
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Kwanan wata
! Adadin hukuma
|-
| 1789 zuwa 1799
| 3 PT
|-
| 1800 zuwa 1824
| 6 PT
|-
| 1825 zuwa 1884
| 14 PT (E£0.14)
|-
| 1885 zuwa 1939
| E£0.20
|-
| 1940 zuwa 1949
| E £ 0.25
|-
| 1950 zuwa 1967
| E £ 0.36
|-
| 1968 zuwa 1978
| E£0.40
|-
| 1979 zuwa 1988
| E£0.60
|-
| 1989
| E £ 0.83
|-
| 1990
| E£1.50
|-
| 1991
| E£3.00
|-
| 1992
| E£3.33
|-
| 1993 zuwa 1998
| E£3.39
|-
| 1999
| E£3.40
|-
| 2000
| E£3.42 zuwa E£3.75
|-
| 2001
| E£3.75 zuwa E£4.50
|-
| 2002
| E£4.50 zuwa E£4.62
|-
| 2003
| E£4.82 zuwa E£6.25
|-
| 2004
| E£6.13 To E£6.28
|-
| 2005 zuwa 2006
| E£5.75
|-
| 2007
| E£5.640 zuwa E£5.50
|-
| 2008
| E£5.50 zuwa E£5.29
|-
| 2009
| E£5.75
|-
| 2010
| E£5.80
|-
| 2011
| E£5.95
|-
| 2012
| E£6.36
|-
| 2013
| E£6.50 zuwa E£6.96
|-
| 2014
| E£6.95 zuwa E£7.15
|-
| 2015
| E£7.15 zuwa E£11.00
|-
| 2016
| E£15.00 zuwa E£18.00
|-
| 2017
| E£17.70 zuwa E£17.83
|-
| 2018
| E£17.69 zuwa E£17.89
|-
| 2019
| E£17.89 zuwa E£15.99
|-
| 2020
| E£16.04 To E£15.79
|-
| 2021
| E£15.82 To E£15.71
|-
| 2022
| E£15.72 zuwa E£24.70
|-
| 2023
| E £ 24.75 zuwa E £ 30.77 har zuwa Maris 3
|}

== Manazarta  ==
{{realist}} 

[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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[[File:Coin postcard Egypt (obv).jpg|thumb|hoton fam na egypt]]
'''Fam na Masari''' (Larabcin Misra [ge.neːh masˤ.ri] ; gajarta:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Statesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |title=Statesman's Year-Book 1899 American Edition – page 178 |website=en.wikisource.org |date=1899 |access-date=2022-07-03 |archive-date=2022-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703083120/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3AStatesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.xe.com/currency/egp-egyptian-pound/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-04-11 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227183107/https://www.xe.com/currency/egp-egyptian-pound/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;   '''£''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/egp.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-08-03 |archive-date=2022-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807225735/https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/egp.asp |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''E£''', &lt;ref&gt;{{Citeweb |url=https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Statesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-04-13 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413055126/https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3AStatesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''£ E''',  '''LE''',  ko '''EGP''' a cikin Latin, da '''{{Lang|arz|ج.م.}}''' a cikin Larabci, ISO code : '''EGP''' ) ita ce kudin [[Misra|Masar]]. An kuma kasa shi kashi 100, ko ersh ( {{Lang|arz|قرش}} [ʔerʃ]; ''jam'i'' {{Lang|arz|قروش}} [ʔo.ruːʃ];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33367/33304.pdf?sequence=4|title=World Bank Editorial Style Guide 2020 - page 135|website=openknowledge.worldbank.org|access-date=2022-08-15|archive-date=2022-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802031424/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33367/33304.pdf?sequence=4|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; gajarta: PT (gajeren &quot;piastre tarif&quot;)  ), ko 1,000 milliemes ( {{Lang|arz|مليم}}&amp;nbsp;&lt;span lang=&quot;ar-Latn-fonipa&quot; class=&quot;IPA&quot; title=&quot;Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)&quot;&gt;[mal.liːm]; {{Lang-fr|millième}}, an rage shi zuwa ''m'' ko ''niƙa'').

Sabbin bayanin kula mai nauyin kilo 10- da 20 an yi su ne daga takarda filastik polymer har zuwa Yuli 6, 2022
[[File:Egyptian_Pound.png|right|thumb| E£1 tsabar kudi na zamani.]]

== Tarihi ==
{{Css Image Crop|Image=SUD-S111b-Siege of Khartoum-50 Egyptian Pounds (1884).jpg|bSize=228|cWidth=220|cHeight=142|oTop=2|oLeft=3|Location=right|Description=E£50 [[Siege of Khartoum currency|promissory note]] issued and hand-signed by Gen. [[Charles George Gordon|Gordon]] during the [[Siege of Khartoum]] (26 April 1884)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=22dKPgAACAAJ&amp;q=standard+catalog+of+specialized+issues|page=1070|title= Standard Catalog of World Paper Money Specialized Issues|edition=11|publisher=Krause|isbn=978-1-4402-0450-0|editor-last=Cuhaj|editor-first=George S.|year=2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |last=Mira |first=Mazen |date=2022-06-21 |script-title=ar:نقود حصار الخرطوم |url=https://arabcollector.com/product/the-arab-collector-17 |magazine=The Arab Collector |script-magazine=ar:المقتني العربي |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228121655/https://arabcollector.com/product/the-arab-collector-17 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
[[File:Egyptian_First_pound_bill.jpg|thumb|330x330px| Rubutun banki na E£1 na farko da aka bayar a cikin 1899 ]]
A cikin shekarar 1834, an ba da dokar khedival, ɗaukar kudin Masar bisa ka'idar bimetallic ( zinari da azurfa ) bisa tushen Maria Theresa thaler, sanannen tsabar kasuwanci a yankin.  An gabatar da fam ɗin Masar, wanda aka fi sani da geneih, wanda ya maye gurbin piastre na Masar ( ersh ) a matsayin babban sashin kuɗi. Piastre ya ci gaba da yawo kamar  fam, tare da piastre zuwa kashi 40. A cikin shekarar 1885, an daina fitar da para, kuma an raba piastre zuwa kashi goma ( عشر القرش . 'oshr el-ersh ).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Markus A. Denzel|title=Handbook of World Exchange Rates, 1590-1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2T7l7Wi2ESsC&amp;pg=PA599|year=2010|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=978-0-7546-0356-6|page=599|quote=The piastre of 1839 contained 1.146 grammes of fine silver, the piastre of 1801 approximately 4.6 grammes of fine silver. The most important Egyptian coins, the bedidlik in gold (= 100 piastres; 7.487 grammes of fine gold) and the rial in silver (20 piastres; 23.294 grammes of fine silver)|access-date=2017-10-02|archive-date=2023-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411065413/https://books.google.com/books?id=2T7l7Wi2ESsC&amp;pg=PA599|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; An canza wa waɗannan goman suna milliemes ( malleem ) a cikin 1916.

An kuma daidaita ƙimar musanya ta doka ta hanyar doka don mahimman kuɗaɗen ƙasashen waje waɗanda suka zama karɓuwa a cikin daidaita ma'amaloli na cikin gida. Daga ƙarshe wannan ya haifar da Masar ta amfani da ''ma'aunin'' zinare tsakanin shekarar 1885 zuwa 1914, tare da E£1 = 7.4375&amp;nbsp;gram zalla gwal. A lokacin barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|yakin duniya na daya]], fam din Masar din ya yi amfani da fenti daya na fam daya da fam guda shida zuwa fam daya na Masar. Juyawa, wannan yana ba da E£0.975 akan fam ɗaya.

Masar ta ci gaba da zama wani yanki na yanki mai daraja har zuwa shekarar 1962, lokacin da Masar ta rage daraja kaɗan kuma ta canza zuwa dalar Amurka, a farashin E£1 = dalar Amurka 2.3. An canza wannan peg zuwa E£1 = US$2.55555 a 1973 lokacin da aka rage darajar dala. Fam Masar ya yi iyo a cikin 1989. Sai dai kuma, har zuwa shekarar 2001, [[Babban Bankin Masar|babban bankin kasar Masar]] ne ke kula da tuhume-tuhumen kuma ana gudanar da ayyukan sarrafa kudaden waje . Bayan da ya ƙare duk manufofinsa don tallafawa fam ɗin, Babban Bankin Masar ya tilasta kawo karshen tsarin tafiyar da ruwa da kuma ba da izinin kudin ya yi iyo a kan 3 Nuwamba 2016;  bankin ya kuma sanar da kawo karshen yadda ake sarrafa kudaden ketare a wannan rana.  Adadin hukuma ya fadi sau biyu.

An kuma yi amfani da fam na Masar a Sudan ta Anglo-Masar tsakanin 1899 zuwa 1956, da kuma Cyrenaica lokacin da take karkashin mulkin Birtaniya sannan daga bisani ta zama masarauta mai cin gashin kanta tsakanin 1942 zuwa 1951. Har ila yau, ya yadu a cikin Falasdinu na wajibi daga 1918 zuwa 1927, lokacin da aka gabatar da fam na Falasdinu, daidai yake da darajar fam Sterling . Babban bankin kasar Masar ya fitar da takardun kudi a karon farko a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 1899. Babban Bankin Masar da Babban Bankin Masar sun hade cikin [[Babban Bankin Masar]] a shekarar 1961.

== Sunayen suna ==

=== An yi amfani da shi don ƙimar tarihi ko a cikin magana ta harshe ===
Ana amfani da sunaye da yawa waɗanda ba na hukuma ba don nuni ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na kuɗin Masar. Waɗannan sun haɗa da (daga kalmar ''[[wiktionary:nickel|nickel]]'' ) ''nekla'' ( {{Lang|ar|نكلة}} ) [ˈneklæ] na 2 milliemes, ''ta'rif'' ( {{Lang|ar|تعريفة}} ) [tæʕˈɾiːfæ] na milliemes 5, {{Transl|arz|shelen}} ( {{Lang|ar|شلن}} ) [ˈʃelen] (watau shilling ) na piastres 5, ''bariza'' ( {{Lang|ar|بريزة}} ) [bæˈɾiːzæ] na piastres 10, da ''reyal'' ( &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:125%; font-family:'KacstOne', 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Tahoma, 'Iranian Sans'&quot;&gt;ريال&lt;/span&gt; ) [ɾeˈjæːl] ( ''&quot; ainihin &quot;'' ) don piastars 20. Tun da piastre da millieme ba su da ɗanɗano na doka, ƙaramar ƙungiyar a halin yanzu ana yin ta ita ce tsabar kuɗin PT 25 (aiki a matsayin kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na E£1), waɗannan sharuɗɗan galibi sun faɗi cikin rashin amfani kuma suna rayuwa azaman masu son sani. Wasu kaɗan sun tsira don komawa zuwa bayanin kula na fam: ''bariza'' yanzu yana nufin bayanin E£10 kuma ana iya amfani da ''reyal'' dangane da bayanin E£20.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2021}}

=== Na yau da kullun ===
Jimlar Fam daban-daban na Masarawa suna da sunayen laƙabi a cikin maganganun yare, misali: E£1 ''bolbol (بلبل)'' ma'ana nightingale ko ''gondi (جوندي)'' ma'ana soja, E£1,000 ''bako'' ( {{Lang|ar|باكو}} ) [ˈbæːko] &quot;fakiti&quot;; E£1,000,000 ''arnab'' ( {{Lang|ar|أرنب}} ) [ˈʔæɾnæb] &quot;zomo&quot;; E £1,000,000,000 ''ji'' ( {{Lang|ar|فيل}} ) [fiːl] &quot;giwa&quot;{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}} .

== Tsabar kudi ==
Tsakanin 1837 da 1900, jan karfe 1 da 5 para *, azurfa 10 da 20 para, 1, 5, 10 da 20 piastre (pt), zinariya 5pt, 10pt. kuma an gabatar da tsabar kudi 20pt da E£1, tare da tsabar zinari 50 PT da aka bayar a cikin 1839.

An gabatar da tsabar tsabar Copper 10 para a cikin 1853, kodayake tsabar azurfar ta ci gaba da ba da ita. An sake gabatar da tsabar tsabar Copper 10 para a cikin 1862, sannan jan karfe 4 para da 2 suka biyo baya  tsabar kudi a cikin 1863. An gabatar da tsabar tsabar zinare 25 PT a cikin 1867.

A cikin 1885, an maye gurbin para da millieme don rage yawan kudin kuma an gabatar da sabon tsabar kudi. Batun ya kunshi tagulla   1, 2 da 5 millieme (m), azurfa 1 PT, 2 PT, 5 PT, 10 PT da 20 PT tsabar kudi. Kusan kuɗin zinare ya ƙare, tare da ƙananan lambobi na PT 5 da 10 PT kawai an ba da su.

A cikin 1916 da 1917, an gabatar da sabon tsabar tsabar ƙarfe na ƙarfe wanda ya ƙunshi tagulla.  da holed, cupro-nickel 1m, 2m, 5m and 10m tsabar kudi. Azurfa 2 PT, 5 PT, 10 PT da 20 PT tsabar kudi, kuma an sake dawo da tsabar E£1 na gwal. Tsakanin 1922 zuwa 1923, an tsawaita kuɗin zinare don haɗa da 20 PT da 50 PT da E£1 da E£5 tsabar kudi. A cikin 1924, tagulla ya maye gurbin cupro-nickel a cikin tsabar kudin 1m kuma an cire ramukan daga sauran tsabar kudi-nickel. A cikin 1938, an gabatar da tsabar tagulla 5m da 10m, sannan a 1944 da azurfa, tsabar kudi PT guda 2.

Tsakanin 1954 zuwa 1956, an bullo da wani sabon tsabar kudi, wanda ya kunshi aluminum-bronze 1m, 5m and 10m da silver 5 PT, 10 PT da 20 PT tsabar kudi, tare da rage girman tsabar kudin azurfa. An ƙaddamar da tsabar aluminium-tagulla 2m a cikin 1962. A shekara ta 1967 an yi watsi da kuɗin azurfa kuma an gabatar da tsabar kudi na cin kofin nickel 5 da 10 piastre.

Aluminum ya maye gurbin aluminum-tagulla a cikin tsabar kudi 1m, 5m da 10m a 1972, sannan tagulla a cikin tsabar 5m da 10m a 1973. Aluminium-bronze 2 PT da cupro-nickel 20 PT tsabar kudi an gabatar da su a cikin 1980, sannan aluminium-bronze 1 PT da 5 PT tsabar kudi a 1984. A cikin 1992, an gabatar da tsabar tagulla 5 da 10 piastre, sannan aka binne su a cikin 1993, hold, cupro-nickel 25 piastre tsabar kudi. An rage girman tsabar PT 5 a cikin 2004, 10 PT da 25 PT tsabar kudi - a cikin 2008.

A ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2006, 50 PT da E£1 tsabar kudi masu kwanan wata 2005 an gabatar da su, kuma an cire kwatankwacin takardun kudinsa na ɗan lokaci daga rarrabawa a cikin 2010. Sulalolin suna ɗauke da fuskar [[Cleopatra|Cleopatra VII]] da abin rufe fuska na Tutankhamun, kuma tsabar E£1 ɗin bimetallic ne. An rage girman da abun da ke ciki na tsabar kudi PT 50 a cikin 2007.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Coins in circulation
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Value
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Debut
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Image
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Specifications
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Description
|-
!Obverse
!Reverse
!Diameter (mm)
!Thickness (mm)
!Mass (g)
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Composition
!Obverse
!Reverse
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |5 PT**
|1984
|[[File:5qershObverse1984.jpg|55x55px|5qershObverse1984]]
|[[File:5qershReverse1984.jpg|59x59px|5qershReverse1984]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |23
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.2
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |4.9
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 95% Aluminium 5%
|3 pyramids of Giza
| rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |
* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* Value in [[Larabci|Arabic]]
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
|-
|1992
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |21
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.1
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |3.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 92% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aluminium 8%
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Islamic pottery
|-
|2004–2008
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |17
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.04
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2.4
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nickel 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copper plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |10 PT**
|1984
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.35
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |5.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 75% Nickel 25%
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Mosque of Muhammad Ali
|-
|1992
|[[File:10_EPT_obverse.JPG|55x55px]]
|[[File:10_EPT_reverse.JPG|57x57px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |23
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.2
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |4.9
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 95% Aluminum 5%
|-
|2008
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |19
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.1
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |3.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Copper 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |20 PT**
|1984
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |27
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.4
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |6
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 75% Nickel 25%
|-
|1992
|
|[[File:20_EPT_reverse.JPG|57x57px]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.35
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |5.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Copper 95%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Aluminium 5%
|[[Jami'ar Al-Azhar|Al-Azhar mosque]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25 PT
|1993**
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.4
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* Islamic illustration
* Value in [[Larabci|Arabic]] and in [[Turanci|English]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |

* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
|-
|2008-22
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |21
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.26
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |4.5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Copper 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;10&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |50 PT
|2005
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[File:50_Egyptian_piastres_obverse.JPG|70x70px]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[File:50_Egyptian_piastres_reverse.jpg|71x71px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.58
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |6.5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 75% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Zinc]] 20% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel 5%
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* [[Cleopatra]]'s head
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* Value in Arabic and in English
|-
|2007-21
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |23
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.7
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nickel 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copper plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;10&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |£1***
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2005
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[File:100_EPT_obverse.JPG|70x70px]]
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[File:100_EPT_reverse.JPG|70x70px]]
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.89
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |8.5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Bimetal
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Tutankhamun's mask
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |
* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* Value in Arabic and in English
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|Ring
|Centre
|-
|Copper 75% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel 25%
|Copper 75% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Zinc]] 20% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel 5%
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2007–2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.96
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Copper 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel plating 4%
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nickel 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copper plating 4%
|}
{{smalldiv|1=''* 1 para = {{frac|40}} piastre.''

''** Not in circulation as of 2008.''

''*** As to commemorate the branching of the Suez canal, the obverse had the Arabic phrase, {{lang|ar|قناة السويس الجديدة}} &quot;New Suez Canal&quot;.''}}

== Takardun kuɗi ==
A cikin alif dari takwas da casa'in  da tara 1899, Babban Bankin Masar ya gabatar da bayanin kula a cikin 50 PT, £1, £5, £10, £50 da £100. Tsakanin alif dari tara da sha shida  1916 zuwa alif dari tara da sha bakwai 1917, an ƙara PT bayanin kula guda 25, tare da takardun kuɗin gwamnati na 5 PT da PT 10 da Ma'aikatar Kudi ta fitar.

A shekarar alif dari tara da sittin da da daya 1961, [[Babban Bankin Masar|babban bankin kasar Masar]] ya karbi ragamar mulkin kasar daga hannun babban bankin kasa, ya kuma fitar da takardar kudi ta kungiyar ‘yan fashin teku 25 da 50, an bullo da takardar kudi fam 1, £5, fam 10 da fam 20 a shekarar 1976, sai kuma fam 100 a 1978, fam. 50 a 1993 da £ 200 a 2007. 

Duk takardun kuɗin Masar na harsuna biyu ne, tare da rubutun [[Larabci]] da lambobi na Larabci na Gabas akan madaidaicin, da rubutun [[Turanci|Ingilishi]] da lambobin Larabci na Yamma a baya. Zane-zanen da ba a saba ba suna nuna fasalin ginin [[Musulunci]] tare da zane-zane na baya da ke nuna ginshiƙan Masarawa na dā (ginai, mutummutumai da rubuce-rubuce). A cikin watan Disamba na 2006, an ambata a cikin labarai a jaridun ''Al Ahram'' da ''Al Akhbar'' cewa ana shirin gabatar da fam 200 da fam 500. Tun daga shekarar 2019, akwai bayanan £200 da ke yawo amma har yanzu babu wani shiri na fitar da bayanan £500.  An fara daga 2011 an cire 25 PT, 50 PT da fam 1 takardun banki don neman ƙarin amfani da tsabar kudi. Koyaya, tun daga watan Yuni 2016 Babban Bankin Masar ya sake dawo da fam ɗin banki na fam 1 zuwa wurare dabam dabam  da kuma 25 PT da 50 PT bayanin kula saboda ƙarancin ƙaramin canji.

Gwamnan babban bankin kasar Masar ya sanar da cewa babban bankin kasar Masar zai fitar da bayanan polymer a farkon shekarar 2021. Wannan canjin ya zo ne yayin da CBE ta koma babban ofishinta zuwa sabon babban birnin tarayya.  A ranar 31 ga Yuli, 2021, Shugaban Masar ya sake duba bayanan £10 da £20, da za a fitar a watan Nuwamba 2021.  A watan Agustan 2021, an tilasta wa Babban Bankin tabbatar da cewa bakan gizo holograms a kan sabbin takardun banki wata amintacciyar alama ce ta alamar ruwa don hana jabu, bayan masu sukar kan layi sun ba da shawarar saƙon ɓoye ne na goyon bayan haƙƙin LGBT.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/08/03/egypt-rainbow-bank-note/|title=Bank of Egypt forced to confirm new rainbow note isn't for LGBT+ rights after backlash|last=Powys Maurice|first=Emily|date=3 August 2021|work=[[PinkNews]]|access-date=3 August 2021|archive-date=3 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803160013/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/08/03/egypt-rainbow-bank-note/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.egyptindependent.com/cbe-confirms-continued-validity-of-all-paper-currencies/|title=CBE confirms continued validity of all paper currencies|date=3 August 2021|work=[[Egypt Independent]]|access-date=3 August 2021|archive-date=3 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803104137/https://www.egyptindependent.com/cbe-confirms-continued-validity-of-all-paper-currencies/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+MShafin na yanzu na fam na Masar
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Hoto
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Daraja
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Girma (milimita)
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Babban launi
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Bayani
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Shekarar fitowar farko
|-
! Banda
! Juya baya
! Banda
! Juya baya
|-
|[[File:EGP_25_Piastres_2008_(Front).png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:25piastres_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25 PT
| 130 × 70
| Blue
| [[Masallacin Sayeda Aisha|Masjid A'isha]]
| Tufafin makamai na Masar
| 1985
|-
|[[File:50_piastres_obverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:50_piastres_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |50 PT
| 135 × 70
| Brown/rawaya-kore
| Masallacin Al-Azhar
| Ramses II
| 1985
|-
|[[File:1EGP-2001(5).png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:1pound_Egypt_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |£1
| 140 × 70
| Beige
| Masallaci da mausoleum na Qaitbay
| Abu Simbel Temples
| 1978
|-
|[[File:5EGP-2012.png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:5EGP(2).png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £5
| 145 × 70
| Launi-kore
| [[Masallacin Ibn Tulun]]
| Hoton Fir'auna na Hapi (allahn [[Ambaliyar kogin nilu|ambaliyar ruwan]] [[Nil|Nilu]] na shekara-shekara) yana ba da fa'ida.
| 1981
|-
|[[File:10polemr-face-2022.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:10polemr-back-2022.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £10 
| 132 × 70
| Lemu
| Masallacin Al-Fattah Al-Aleem
| Hatshepsut
| 2022
|-
|[[File:Egypt_20_Pound_2009_obverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:Egypt_20_Pound_2009_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £20
| 155 × 70
| Kore
| Masallacin Muhammad Ali
| Karusar yaƙi na Fir'auna da frieze daga ɗakin sujada na Senusret I
| 1978
|-
|[[File:EGP_50_Pounds_Dec_2001_(Front).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:EGP_50_Pounds_Dec_2001_(Back).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £50
| 160 × 70
| Brown-janye
| Masallacin Abu Huraiba
(Masallacin Qijmas al-Ishaqi)
| Temple of Edfu
| 1993
|-
|[[File:EGP_100_Pounds_2009_(Front).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:100_EGP_reverse_2014-1-26.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £100
| 165 × 70
| Cyan
| Masallacin Sultan Hassan
| Babban Sphinx na Giza
| 1994
|-
|[[File:EGP_200_Pounds_Apr_2007_(Front).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:EGP_200_Pounds_Apr_2007_(Back).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £200
| 165 × 72
| Zaitun
| Masallacin Qani-Bay
| Marubuci Zazzau
| 2007
|}

== Farashin musaya na tarihi da na yanzu ==

=== Sterling ===
Wannan tebur yana nuna darajar 1 laban Sterling a cikin fam na Masar.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Kwanan wata
! Adadin hukuma
|-
| 1885 zuwa 1949
| E£0.975
|-
| 2008
| E 10.0775
|-
| 2009
| E£8.50
|-
| 2012
| E£9.68
|-
| 2014
| E£11.97 To E£12.03
|-
| 2016
| E£12.60 zuwa E£21.21
|-
| 2017
| E£20.00
|-
| 2020
| E£20.00
|-
| 2022
| E£29.906 a matsayin karshen shekara
|-
| 2023
| E £ 36.81 har zuwa Maris 3
|}

=== Dalar Amurka ===
[[File:Value_of_USD_in_EGP_(1789_to_2020).png|thumb|400x400px| Tarihin darajar dalar Amurka daya a kudin Masar daga 1789 zuwa yanzu, alkalumman da suka gabata kafin 1834, shekarar da aka bullo da fam din fam, na nuni da yawan piastres 100.]]
Wannan tebur yana nuna ƙimar tarihin US$ 1 a cikin kudin Masar (piastres kafin 1834, fam daga yanzu):
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Kwanan wata
! Adadin hukuma
|-
| 1789 zuwa 1799
| 3 PT
|-
| 1800 zuwa 1824
| 6 PT
|-
| 1825 zuwa 1884
| 14 PT (E£0.14)
|-
| 1885 zuwa 1939
| E£0.20
|-
| 1940 zuwa 1949
| E £ 0.25
|-
| 1950 zuwa 1967
| E £ 0.36
|-
| 1968 zuwa 1978
| E£0.40
|-
| 1979 zuwa 1988
| E£0.60
|-
| 1989
| E £ 0.83
|-
| 1990
| E£1.50
|-
| 1991
| E£3.00
|-
| 1992
| E£3.33
|-
| 1993 zuwa 1998
| E£3.39
|-
| 1999
| E£3.40
|-
| 2000
| E£3.42 zuwa E£3.75
|-
| 2001
| E£3.75 zuwa E£4.50
|-
| 2002
| E£4.50 zuwa E£4.62
|-
| 2003
| E£4.82 zuwa E£6.25
|-
| 2004
| E£6.13 To E£6.28
|-
| 2005 zuwa 2006
| E£5.75
|-
| 2007
| E£5.640 zuwa E£5.50
|-
| 2008
| E£5.50 zuwa E£5.29
|-
| 2009
| E£5.75
|-
| 2010
| E£5.80
|-
| 2011
| E£5.95
|-
| 2012
| E£6.36
|-
| 2013
| E£6.50 zuwa E£6.96
|-
| 2014
| E£6.95 zuwa E£7.15
|-
| 2015
| E£7.15 zuwa E£11.00
|-
| 2016
| E£15.00 zuwa E£18.00
|-
| 2017
| E£17.70 zuwa E£17.83
|-
| 2018
| E£17.69 zuwa E£17.89
|-
| 2019
| E£17.89 zuwa E£15.99
|-
| 2020
| E£16.04 To E£15.79
|-
| 2021
| E£15.82 To E£15.71
|-
| 2022
| E£15.72 zuwa E£24.70
|-
| 2023
| E £ 24.75 zuwa E £ 30.77 har zuwa Maris 3
|}

== Manazarta  ==
{{realist}} 

[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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[[File:Coin postcard Egypt (obv).jpg|thumb|hoton fam na egypt]]
'''Fam na Masari''' (Larabcin Misra [ge.neːh masˤ.ri] ; gajarta:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Statesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |title=Statesman's Year-Book 1899 American Edition – page 178 |website=en.wikisource.org |date=1899 |access-date=2022-07-03 |archive-date=2022-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703083120/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3AStatesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.xe.com/currency/egp-egyptian-pound/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-04-11 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227183107/https://www.xe.com/currency/egp-egyptian-pound/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;   '''£''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/egp.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-08-03 |archive-date=2022-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807225735/https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/egp.asp |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''E£''', &lt;ref&gt;{{Citeweb |url=https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Statesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-04-13 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413055126/https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3AStatesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''£ E''',  '''LE''',  ko '''EGP''' a cikin Latin, da '''{{Lang|arz|ج.م.}}''' a cikin Larabci, ISO code : '''EGP''' ) ita ce kudin [[Misra|Masar]]. An kuma kasa shi kashi 100, ko ersh ( {{Lang|arz|قرش}} [ʔerʃ]; ''jam'i'' {{Lang|arz|قروش}} [ʔo.ruːʃ];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33367/33304.pdf?sequence=4|title=World Bank Editorial Style Guide 2020 - page 135|website=openknowledge.worldbank.org|access-date=2022-08-15|archive-date=2022-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802031424/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33367/33304.pdf?sequence=4|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; gajarta: PT (gajeren &quot;piastre tarif&quot;)  ), ko 1,000 milliemes ( {{Lang|arz|مليم}}&amp;nbsp;&lt;span lang=&quot;ar-Latn-fonipa&quot; class=&quot;IPA&quot; title=&quot;Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)&quot;&gt;[mal.liːm]; {{Lang-fr|millième}}, an rage shi zuwa ''m'' ko ''niƙa'').

Sabbin bayanin kula mai nauyin kilo 10- da 20 an yi su ne daga takarda filastik polymer har zuwa Yuli 6, 2022
[[File:Egyptian_Pound.png|right|thumb| E£1 tsabar kudi na zamani.]]

== Tarihi ==
{{Css Image Crop|Image=SUD-S111b-Siege of Khartoum-50 Egyptian Pounds (1884).jpg|bSize=228|cWidth=220|cHeight=142|oTop=2|oLeft=3|Location=right|Description=E£50 [[Siege of Khartoum currency|promissory note]] issued and hand-signed by Gen. [[Charles George Gordon|Gordon]] during the [[Siege of Khartoum]] (26 April 1884)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=22dKPgAACAAJ&amp;q=standard+catalog+of+specialized+issues|page=1070|title= Standard Catalog of World Paper Money Specialized Issues|edition=11|publisher=Krause|isbn=978-1-4402-0450-0|editor-last=Cuhaj|editor-first=George S.|year=2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |last=Mira |first=Mazen |date=2022-06-21 |script-title=ar:نقود حصار الخرطوم |url=https://arabcollector.com/product/the-arab-collector-17 |magazine=The Arab Collector |script-magazine=ar:المقتني العربي |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228121655/https://arabcollector.com/product/the-arab-collector-17 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
[[File:Egyptian_First_pound_bill.jpg|thumb|330x330px| Rubutun banki na E£1 na farko da aka bayar a cikin 1899 ]]
A cikin shekarar 1834, an ba da dokar khedival, ɗaukar kudin Masar bisa ka'idar bimetallic ( zinari da azurfa ) bisa tushen Maria Theresa thaler, sanannen tsabar kasuwanci a yankin.  An gabatar da fam ɗin Masar, wanda aka fi sani da geneih, wanda ya maye gurbin piastre na Masar ( ersh ) a matsayin babban sashin kuɗi. Piastre ya ci gaba da yawo kamar  fam, tare da piastre zuwa kashi 40. A cikin shekarar 1885, an daina fitar da para, kuma an raba piastre zuwa kashi goma ( عشر القرش . 'oshr el-ersh ).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Markus A. Denzel|title=Handbook of World Exchange Rates, 1590-1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2T7l7Wi2ESsC&amp;pg=PA599|year=2010|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=978-0-7546-0356-6|page=599|quote=The piastre of 1839 contained 1.146 grammes of fine silver, the piastre of 1801 approximately 4.6 grammes of fine silver. The most important Egyptian coins, the bedidlik in gold (= 100 piastres; 7.487 grammes of fine gold) and the rial in silver (20 piastres; 23.294 grammes of fine silver)|access-date=2017-10-02|archive-date=2023-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411065413/https://books.google.com/books?id=2T7l7Wi2ESsC&amp;pg=PA599|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; An canza wa waɗannan goman suna milliemes ( malleem ) a cikin 1916.

An kuma daidaita ƙimar musanya ta doka ta hanyar doka don mahimman kuɗaɗen ƙasashen waje waɗanda suka zama karɓuwa a cikin daidaita ma'amaloli na cikin gida. Daga ƙarshe wannan ya haifar da Masar ta amfani da ''ma'aunin'' zinare tsakanin shekarar 1885 zuwa 1914, tare da E£1 = 7.4375&amp;nbsp;gram zalla gwal. A lokacin barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|yakin duniya na daya]], fam din Masar din ya yi amfani da fenti daya na fam daya da fam guda shida zuwa fam daya na Masar. Juyawa, wannan yana ba da E£0.975 akan fam ɗaya.

Masar ta ci gaba da zama wani yanki na yanki mai daraja har zuwa shekarar 1962, lokacin da Masar ta rage daraja kaɗan kuma ta canza zuwa dalar Amurka, a farashin E£1 = dalar Amurka 2.3. An canza wannan peg zuwa E£1 = US$2.55555 a 1973 lokacin da aka rage darajar dala. Fam Masar ya yi iyo a cikin 1989. Sai dai kuma, har zuwa shekarar 2001, [[Babban Bankin Masar|babban bankin kasar Masar]] ne ke kula da tuhume-tuhumen kuma ana gudanar da ayyukan sarrafa kudaden waje . Bayan da ya ƙare duk manufofinsa don tallafawa fam ɗin, Babban Bankin Masar ya tilasta kawo karshen tsarin tafiyar da ruwa da kuma ba da izinin kudin ya yi iyo a kan 3 Nuwamba 2016;  bankin ya kuma sanar da kawo karshen yadda ake sarrafa kudaden ketare a wannan rana.  Adadin hukuma ya fadi sau biyu.

An kuma yi amfani da fam na Masar a Sudan ta Anglo-Masar tsakanin shekarar 1899 zuwa 1956, da kuma Cyrenaica lokacin da take karkashin mulkin Birtaniya sannan daga bisani ta zama masarauta mai cin gashin kanta tsakanin 1942 zuwa 1951. Har ila yau, ya yadu a cikin Falasdinu na wajibi daga 1918 zuwa 1927, lokacin da aka gabatar da fam na Falasdinu, daidai yake da darajar fam Sterling . Babban bankin kasar Masar ya fitar da takardun kudi a karon farko a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 1899. Babban Bankin Masar da Babban Bankin Masar sun hade cikin [[Babban Bankin Masar]] a shekarar 1961.

== Sunayen suna ==

=== An yi amfani da shi don ƙimar tarihi ko a cikin magana ta harshe ===
Ana amfani da sunaye da yawa waɗanda ba na hukuma ba don nuni ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na kuɗin Masar. Waɗannan sun haɗa da (daga kalmar ''[[wiktionary:nickel|nickel]]'' ) ''nekla'' ( {{Lang|ar|نكلة}} ) [ˈneklæ] na 2 milliemes, ''ta'rif'' ( {{Lang|ar|تعريفة}} ) [tæʕˈɾiːfæ] na milliemes 5, {{Transl|arz|shelen}} ( {{Lang|ar|شلن}} ) [ˈʃelen] (watau shilling ) na piastres 5, ''bariza'' ( {{Lang|ar|بريزة}} ) [bæˈɾiːzæ] na piastres 10, da ''reyal'' ( &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:125%; font-family:'KacstOne', 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Tahoma, 'Iranian Sans'&quot;&gt;ريال&lt;/span&gt; ) [ɾeˈjæːl] ( ''&quot; ainihin &quot;'' ) don piastars 20. Tun da piastre da millieme ba su da ɗanɗano na doka, ƙaramar ƙungiyar a halin yanzu ana yin ta ita ce tsabar kuɗin PT 25 (aiki a matsayin kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na E£1), waɗannan sharuɗɗan galibi sun faɗi cikin rashin amfani kuma suna rayuwa azaman masu son sani. Wasu kaɗan sun tsira don komawa zuwa bayanin kula na fam: ''bariza'' yanzu yana nufin bayanin E£10 kuma ana iya amfani da ''reyal'' dangane da bayanin E£20.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2021}}

=== Na yau da kullun ===
Jimlar Fam daban-daban na Masarawa suna da sunayen laƙabi a cikin maganganun yare, misali: E£1 ''bolbol (بلبل)'' ma'ana nightingale ko ''gondi (جوندي)'' ma'ana soja, E£1,000 ''bako'' ( {{Lang|ar|باكو}} ) [ˈbæːko] &quot;fakiti&quot;; E£1,000,000 ''arnab'' ( {{Lang|ar|أرنب}} ) [ˈʔæɾnæb] &quot;zomo&quot;; E £1,000,000,000 ''ji'' ( {{Lang|ar|فيل}} ) [fiːl] &quot;giwa&quot;{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}} .

== Tsabar kudi ==
Tsakanin 1837 da 1900, jan karfe 1 da 5 para *, azurfa 10 da 20 para, 1, 5, 10 da 20 piastre (pt), zinariya 5pt, 10pt. kuma an gabatar da tsabar kudi 20pt da E£1, tare da tsabar zinari 50 PT da aka bayar a cikin 1839.

An gabatar da tsabar tsabar Copper 10 para a cikin 1853, kodayake tsabar azurfar ta ci gaba da ba da ita. An sake gabatar da tsabar tsabar Copper 10 para a cikin 1862, sannan jan karfe 4 para da 2 suka biyo baya  tsabar kudi a cikin 1863. An gabatar da tsabar tsabar zinare 25 PT a cikin 1867.

A cikin 1885, an maye gurbin para da millieme don rage yawan kudin kuma an gabatar da sabon tsabar kudi. Batun ya kunshi tagulla   1, 2 da 5 millieme (m), azurfa 1 PT, 2 PT, 5 PT, 10 PT da 20 PT tsabar kudi. Kusan kuɗin zinare ya ƙare, tare da ƙananan lambobi na PT 5 da 10 PT kawai an ba da su.

A cikin 1916 da 1917, an gabatar da sabon tsabar tsabar ƙarfe na ƙarfe wanda ya ƙunshi tagulla.  da holed, cupro-nickel 1m, 2m, 5m and 10m tsabar kudi. Azurfa 2 PT, 5 PT, 10 PT da 20 PT tsabar kudi, kuma an sake dawo da tsabar E£1 na gwal. Tsakanin 1922 zuwa 1923, an tsawaita kuɗin zinare don haɗa da 20 PT da 50 PT da E£1 da E£5 tsabar kudi. A cikin 1924, tagulla ya maye gurbin cupro-nickel a cikin tsabar kudin 1m kuma an cire ramukan daga sauran tsabar kudi-nickel. A cikin 1938, an gabatar da tsabar tagulla 5m da 10m, sannan a 1944 da azurfa, tsabar kudi PT guda 2.

Tsakanin 1954 zuwa 1956, an bullo da wani sabon tsabar kudi, wanda ya kunshi aluminum-bronze 1m, 5m and 10m da silver 5 PT, 10 PT da 20 PT tsabar kudi, tare da rage girman tsabar kudin azurfa. An ƙaddamar da tsabar aluminium-tagulla 2m a cikin 1962. A shekara ta 1967 an yi watsi da kuɗin azurfa kuma an gabatar da tsabar kudi na cin kofin nickel 5 da 10 piastre.

Aluminum ya maye gurbin aluminum-tagulla a cikin tsabar kudi 1m, 5m da 10m a 1972, sannan tagulla a cikin tsabar 5m da 10m a 1973. Aluminium-bronze 2 PT da cupro-nickel 20 PT tsabar kudi an gabatar da su a cikin 1980, sannan aluminium-bronze 1 PT da 5 PT tsabar kudi a 1984. A cikin 1992, an gabatar da tsabar tagulla 5 da 10 piastre, sannan aka binne su a cikin 1993, hold, cupro-nickel 25 piastre tsabar kudi. An rage girman tsabar PT 5 a cikin 2004, 10 PT da 25 PT tsabar kudi - a cikin 2008.

A ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2006, 50 PT da E£1 tsabar kudi masu kwanan wata 2005 an gabatar da su, kuma an cire kwatankwacin takardun kudinsa na ɗan lokaci daga rarrabawa a cikin 2010. Sulalolin suna ɗauke da fuskar [[Cleopatra|Cleopatra VII]] da abin rufe fuska na Tutankhamun, kuma tsabar E£1 ɗin bimetallic ne. An rage girman da abun da ke ciki na tsabar kudi PT 50 a cikin 2007.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Coins in circulation
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Value
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Debut
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Image
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Specifications
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Description
|-
!Obverse
!Reverse
!Diameter (mm)
!Thickness (mm)
!Mass (g)
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Composition
!Obverse
!Reverse
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |5 PT**
|1984
|[[File:5qershObverse1984.jpg|55x55px|5qershObverse1984]]
|[[File:5qershReverse1984.jpg|59x59px|5qershReverse1984]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |23
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.2
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |4.9
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 95% Aluminium 5%
|3 pyramids of Giza
| rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |
* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* Value in [[Larabci|Arabic]]
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
|-
|1992
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |21
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.1
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |3.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 92% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aluminium 8%
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Islamic pottery
|-
|2004–2008
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |17
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.04
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2.4
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nickel 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copper plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |10 PT**
|1984
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.35
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |5.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 75% Nickel 25%
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Mosque of Muhammad Ali
|-
|1992
|[[File:10_EPT_obverse.JPG|55x55px]]
|[[File:10_EPT_reverse.JPG|57x57px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |23
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.2
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |4.9
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 95% Aluminum 5%
|-
|2008
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |19
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.1
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |3.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Copper 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |20 PT**
|1984
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |27
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.4
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |6
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 75% Nickel 25%
|-
|1992
|
|[[File:20_EPT_reverse.JPG|57x57px]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.35
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |5.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Copper 95%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Aluminium 5%
|[[Jami'ar Al-Azhar|Al-Azhar mosque]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25 PT
|1993**
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.4
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* Islamic illustration
* Value in [[Larabci|Arabic]] and in [[Turanci|English]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |

* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
|-
|2008-22
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |21
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.26
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |4.5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Copper 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;10&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |50 PT
|2005
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[File:50_Egyptian_piastres_obverse.JPG|70x70px]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[File:50_Egyptian_piastres_reverse.jpg|71x71px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.58
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |6.5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 75% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Zinc]] 20% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel 5%
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* [[Cleopatra]]'s head
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* Value in Arabic and in English
|-
|2007-21
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |23
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.7
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nickel 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copper plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;10&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |£1***
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2005
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[File:100_EPT_obverse.JPG|70x70px]]
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[File:100_EPT_reverse.JPG|70x70px]]
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.89
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |8.5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Bimetal
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Tutankhamun's mask
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |
* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* Value in Arabic and in English
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|Ring
|Centre
|-
|Copper 75% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel 25%
|Copper 75% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Zinc]] 20% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel 5%
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2007–2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.96
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Copper 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel plating 4%
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nickel 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copper plating 4%
|}
{{smalldiv|1=''* 1 para = {{frac|40}} piastre.''

''** Not in circulation as of 2008.''

''*** As to commemorate the branching of the Suez canal, the obverse had the Arabic phrase, {{lang|ar|قناة السويس الجديدة}} &quot;New Suez Canal&quot;.''}}

== Takardun kuɗi ==
A cikin alif dari takwas da casa'in  da tara 1899, Babban Bankin Masar ya gabatar da bayanin kula a cikin 50 PT, £1, £5, £10, £50 da £100. Tsakanin alif dari tara da sha shida  1916 zuwa alif dari tara da sha bakwai 1917, an ƙara PT bayanin kula guda 25, tare da takardun kuɗin gwamnati na 5 PT da PT 10 da Ma'aikatar Kudi ta fitar.

A shekarar alif dari tara da sittin da da daya 1961, [[Babban Bankin Masar|babban bankin kasar Masar]] ya karbi ragamar mulkin kasar daga hannun babban bankin kasa, ya kuma fitar da takardar kudi ta kungiyar ‘yan fashin teku 25 da 50, an bullo da takardar kudi fam 1, £5, fam 10 da fam 20 a shekarar 1976, sai kuma fam 100 a 1978, fam. 50 a 1993 da £ 200 a 2007. 

Duk takardun kuɗin Masar na harsuna biyu ne, tare da rubutun [[Larabci]] da lambobi na Larabci na Gabas akan madaidaicin, da rubutun [[Turanci|Ingilishi]] da lambobin Larabci na Yamma a baya. Zane-zanen da ba a saba ba suna nuna fasalin ginin [[Musulunci]] tare da zane-zane na baya da ke nuna ginshiƙan Masarawa na dā (ginai, mutummutumai da rubuce-rubuce). A cikin watan Disamba na 2006, an ambata a cikin labarai a jaridun ''Al Ahram'' da ''Al Akhbar'' cewa ana shirin gabatar da fam 200 da fam 500. Tun daga shekarar 2019, akwai bayanan £200 da ke yawo amma har yanzu babu wani shiri na fitar da bayanan £500.  An fara daga 2011 an cire 25 PT, 50 PT da fam 1 takardun banki don neman ƙarin amfani da tsabar kudi. Koyaya, tun daga watan Yuni 2016 Babban Bankin Masar ya sake dawo da fam ɗin banki na fam 1 zuwa wurare dabam dabam  da kuma 25 PT da 50 PT bayanin kula saboda ƙarancin ƙaramin canji.

Gwamnan babban bankin kasar Masar ya sanar da cewa babban bankin kasar Masar zai fitar da bayanan polymer a farkon shekarar 2021. Wannan canjin ya zo ne yayin da CBE ta koma babban ofishinta zuwa sabon babban birnin tarayya.  A ranar 31 ga Yuli, 2021, Shugaban Masar ya sake duba bayanan £10 da £20, da za a fitar a watan Nuwamba 2021.  A watan Agustan 2021, an tilasta wa Babban Bankin tabbatar da cewa bakan gizo holograms a kan sabbin takardun banki wata amintacciyar alama ce ta alamar ruwa don hana jabu, bayan masu sukar kan layi sun ba da shawarar saƙon ɓoye ne na goyon bayan haƙƙin LGBT.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/08/03/egypt-rainbow-bank-note/|title=Bank of Egypt forced to confirm new rainbow note isn't for LGBT+ rights after backlash|last=Powys Maurice|first=Emily|date=3 August 2021|work=[[PinkNews]]|access-date=3 August 2021|archive-date=3 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803160013/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/08/03/egypt-rainbow-bank-note/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.egyptindependent.com/cbe-confirms-continued-validity-of-all-paper-currencies/|title=CBE confirms continued validity of all paper currencies|date=3 August 2021|work=[[Egypt Independent]]|access-date=3 August 2021|archive-date=3 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803104137/https://www.egyptindependent.com/cbe-confirms-continued-validity-of-all-paper-currencies/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+MShafin na yanzu na fam na Masar
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Hoto
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Daraja
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Girma (milimita)
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Babban launi
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Bayani
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Shekarar fitowar farko
|-
! Banda
! Juya baya
! Banda
! Juya baya
|-
|[[File:EGP_25_Piastres_2008_(Front).png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:25piastres_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25 PT
| 130 × 70
| Blue
| [[Masallacin Sayeda Aisha|Masjid A'isha]]
| Tufafin makamai na Masar
| 1985
|-
|[[File:50_piastres_obverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:50_piastres_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |50 PT
| 135 × 70
| Brown/rawaya-kore
| Masallacin Al-Azhar
| Ramses II
| 1985
|-
|[[File:1EGP-2001(5).png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:1pound_Egypt_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |£1
| 140 × 70
| Beige
| Masallaci da mausoleum na Qaitbay
| Abu Simbel Temples
| 1978
|-
|[[File:5EGP-2012.png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:5EGP(2).png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £5
| 145 × 70
| Launi-kore
| [[Masallacin Ibn Tulun]]
| Hoton Fir'auna na Hapi (allahn [[Ambaliyar kogin nilu|ambaliyar ruwan]] [[Nil|Nilu]] na shekara-shekara) yana ba da fa'ida.
| 1981
|-
|[[File:10polemr-face-2022.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:10polemr-back-2022.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £10 
| 132 × 70
| Lemu
| Masallacin Al-Fattah Al-Aleem
| Hatshepsut
| 2022
|-
|[[File:Egypt_20_Pound_2009_obverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:Egypt_20_Pound_2009_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £20
| 155 × 70
| Kore
| Masallacin Muhammad Ali
| Karusar yaƙi na Fir'auna da frieze daga ɗakin sujada na Senusret I
| 1978
|-
|[[File:EGP_50_Pounds_Dec_2001_(Front).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:EGP_50_Pounds_Dec_2001_(Back).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £50
| 160 × 70
| Brown-janye
| Masallacin Abu Huraiba
(Masallacin Qijmas al-Ishaqi)
| Temple of Edfu
| 1993
|-
|[[File:EGP_100_Pounds_2009_(Front).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:100_EGP_reverse_2014-1-26.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £100
| 165 × 70
| Cyan
| Masallacin Sultan Hassan
| Babban Sphinx na Giza
| 1994
|-
|[[File:EGP_200_Pounds_Apr_2007_(Front).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:EGP_200_Pounds_Apr_2007_(Back).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £200
| 165 × 72
| Zaitun
| Masallacin Qani-Bay
| Marubuci Zazzau
| 2007
|}

== Farashin musaya na tarihi da na yanzu ==

=== Sterling ===
Wannan tebur yana nuna darajar 1 laban Sterling a cikin fam na Masar.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Kwanan wata
! Adadin hukuma
|-
| 1885 zuwa 1949
| E£0.975
|-
| 2008
| E 10.0775
|-
| 2009
| E£8.50
|-
| 2012
| E£9.68
|-
| 2014
| E£11.97 To E£12.03
|-
| 2016
| E£12.60 zuwa E£21.21
|-
| 2017
| E£20.00
|-
| 2020
| E£20.00
|-
| 2022
| E£29.906 a matsayin karshen shekara
|-
| 2023
| E £ 36.81 har zuwa Maris 3
|}

=== Dalar Amurka ===
[[File:Value_of_USD_in_EGP_(1789_to_2020).png|thumb|400x400px| Tarihin darajar dalar Amurka daya a kudin Masar daga 1789 zuwa yanzu, alkalumman da suka gabata kafin 1834, shekarar da aka bullo da fam din fam, na nuni da yawan piastres 100.]]
Wannan tebur yana nuna ƙimar tarihin US$ 1 a cikin kudin Masar (piastres kafin 1834, fam daga yanzu):
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Kwanan wata
! Adadin hukuma
|-
| 1789 zuwa 1799
| 3 PT
|-
| 1800 zuwa 1824
| 6 PT
|-
| 1825 zuwa 1884
| 14 PT (E£0.14)
|-
| 1885 zuwa 1939
| E£0.20
|-
| 1940 zuwa 1949
| E £ 0.25
|-
| 1950 zuwa 1967
| E £ 0.36
|-
| 1968 zuwa 1978
| E£0.40
|-
| 1979 zuwa 1988
| E£0.60
|-
| 1989
| E £ 0.83
|-
| 1990
| E£1.50
|-
| 1991
| E£3.00
|-
| 1992
| E£3.33
|-
| 1993 zuwa 1998
| E£3.39
|-
| 1999
| E£3.40
|-
| 2000
| E£3.42 zuwa E£3.75
|-
| 2001
| E£3.75 zuwa E£4.50
|-
| 2002
| E£4.50 zuwa E£4.62
|-
| 2003
| E£4.82 zuwa E£6.25
|-
| 2004
| E£6.13 To E£6.28
|-
| 2005 zuwa 2006
| E£5.75
|-
| 2007
| E£5.640 zuwa E£5.50
|-
| 2008
| E£5.50 zuwa E£5.29
|-
| 2009
| E£5.75
|-
| 2010
| E£5.80
|-
| 2011
| E£5.95
|-
| 2012
| E£6.36
|-
| 2013
| E£6.50 zuwa E£6.96
|-
| 2014
| E£6.95 zuwa E£7.15
|-
| 2015
| E£7.15 zuwa E£11.00
|-
| 2016
| E£15.00 zuwa E£18.00
|-
| 2017
| E£17.70 zuwa E£17.83
|-
| 2018
| E£17.69 zuwa E£17.89
|-
| 2019
| E£17.89 zuwa E£15.99
|-
| 2020
| E£16.04 To E£15.79
|-
| 2021
| E£15.82 To E£15.71
|-
| 2022
| E£15.72 zuwa E£24.70
|-
| 2023
| E £ 24.75 zuwa E £ 30.77 har zuwa Maris 3
|}

== Manazarta  ==
{{realist}} 

[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="24023" sha1="b8z3opveixzf5e7tvm21ink5aeg51n6" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Coin postcard Egypt (obv).jpg|thumb|hoton fam na egypt]]
'''Fam na Masari''' (Larabcin Misra [ge.neːh masˤ.ri] ; gajarta:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Statesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |title=Statesman's Year-Book 1899 American Edition – page 178 |website=en.wikisource.org |date=1899 |access-date=2022-07-03 |archive-date=2022-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703083120/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3AStatesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.xe.com/currency/egp-egyptian-pound/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-04-11 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227183107/https://www.xe.com/currency/egp-egyptian-pound/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;   '''£''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/egp.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-08-03 |archive-date=2022-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807225735/https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/egp.asp |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''E£''', &lt;ref&gt;{{Citeweb |url=https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Statesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-04-13 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413055126/https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3AStatesman%27s_Year-Book_1899_American_Edition.djvu/1478 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''£ E''',  '''LE''',  ko '''EGP''' a cikin Latin, da '''{{Lang|arz|ج.م.}}''' a cikin Larabci, ISO code : '''EGP''' ) ita ce kudin [[Misra|Masar]]. An kuma kasa shi kashi 100, ko ersh ( {{Lang|arz|قرش}} [ʔerʃ]; ''jam'i'' {{Lang|arz|قروش}} [ʔo.ruːʃ];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33367/33304.pdf?sequence=4|title=World Bank Editorial Style Guide 2020 - page 135|website=openknowledge.worldbank.org|access-date=2022-08-15|archive-date=2022-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802031424/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33367/33304.pdf?sequence=4|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; gajarta: PT (gajeren &quot;piastre tarif&quot;)  ), ko 1,000 milliemes ( {{Lang|arz|مليم}}&amp;nbsp;&lt;span lang=&quot;ar-Latn-fonipa&quot; class=&quot;IPA&quot; title=&quot;Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)&quot;&gt;[mal.liːm]; {{Lang-fr|millième}}, an rage shi zuwa ''m'' ko ''niƙa'').

Sabbin bayanin kula mai nauyin kilo 10- da 20 an yi su ne daga takarda filastik polymer har zuwa Yuli 6, 2022
[[File:Egyptian_Pound.png|right|thumb| E£1 tsabar kudi na zamani.]]

== Tarihi ==
{{Css Image Crop|Image=SUD-S111b-Siege of Khartoum-50 Egyptian Pounds (1884).jpg|bSize=228|cWidth=220|cHeight=142|oTop=2|oLeft=3|Location=right|Description=E£50 [[Siege of Khartoum currency|promissory note]] issued and hand-signed by Gen. [[Charles George Gordon|Gordon]] during the [[Siege of Khartoum]] (26 April 1884)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=22dKPgAACAAJ&amp;q=standard+catalog+of+specialized+issues|page=1070|title= Standard Catalog of World Paper Money Specialized Issues|edition=11|publisher=Krause|isbn=978-1-4402-0450-0|editor-last=Cuhaj|editor-first=George S.|year=2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |last=Mira |first=Mazen |date=2022-06-21 |script-title=ar:نقود حصار الخرطوم |url=https://arabcollector.com/product/the-arab-collector-17 |magazine=The Arab Collector |script-magazine=ar:المقتني العربي |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228121655/https://arabcollector.com/product/the-arab-collector-17 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
[[File:Egyptian_First_pound_bill.jpg|thumb|330x330px| Rubutun banki na E£1 na farko da aka bayar a cikin 1899 ]]
A cikin shekarar 1834, an ba da dokar khedival, ɗaukar kudin Masar bisa ka'idar bimetallic ( zinari da azurfa ) bisa tushen Maria Theresa thaler, sanannen tsabar kasuwanci a yankin.  An gabatar da fam ɗin Masar, wanda aka fi sani da geneih, wanda ya maye gurbin piastre na Masar ( ersh ) a matsayin babban sashin kuɗi. Piastre ya ci gaba da yawo kamar  fam, tare da piastre zuwa kashi 40. A cikin shekarar 1885, an daina fitar da para, kuma an raba piastre zuwa kashi goma ( عشر القرش . 'oshr el-ersh ).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Markus A. Denzel|title=Handbook of World Exchange Rates, 1590-1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2T7l7Wi2ESsC&amp;pg=PA599|year=2010|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=978-0-7546-0356-6|page=599|quote=The piastre of 1839 contained 1.146 grammes of fine silver, the piastre of 1801 approximately 4.6 grammes of fine silver. The most important Egyptian coins, the bedidlik in gold (= 100 piastres; 7.487 grammes of fine gold) and the rial in silver (20 piastres; 23.294 grammes of fine silver)|access-date=2017-10-02|archive-date=2023-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411065413/https://books.google.com/books?id=2T7l7Wi2ESsC&amp;pg=PA599|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; An canza wa waɗannan goman suna milliemes ( malleem ) a cikin 1916.

An kuma daidaita ƙimar musanya ta doka ta hanyar doka don mahimman kuɗaɗen ƙasashen waje waɗanda suka zama karɓuwa a cikin daidaita ma'amaloli na cikin gida. Daga ƙarshe wannan ya haifar da Masar ta amfani da ''ma'aunin'' zinare tsakanin shekarar 1885 zuwa 1914, tare da E£1 = 7.4375&amp;nbsp;gram zalla gwal. A lokacin barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|yakin duniya na daya]], fam din Masar din ya yi amfani da fenti daya na fam daya da fam guda shida zuwa fam daya na Masar. Juyawa, wannan yana ba da E£0.975 akan fam ɗaya.

Masar ta ci gaba da zama wani yanki na yanki mai daraja har zuwa shekarar 1962, lokacin da Masar ta rage daraja kaɗan kuma ta canza zuwa dalar Amurka, a farashin E£1 = dalar Amurka 2.3. An canza wannan peg zuwa E£1 = US$2.55555 a 1973 lokacin da aka rage darajar dala. Fam Masar ya yi iyo a cikin 1989. Sai dai kuma, har zuwa shekarar 2001, [[Babban Bankin Masar|babban bankin kasar Masar]] ne ke kula da tuhume-tuhumen kuma ana gudanar da ayyukan sarrafa kudaden waje . Bayan da ya ƙare duk manufofinsa don tallafawa fam ɗin, Babban Bankin Masar ya tilasta kawo karshen tsarin tafiyar da ruwa da kuma ba da izinin kudin ya yi iyo a kan 3 Nuwamba 2016;  bankin ya kuma sanar da kawo karshen yadda ake sarrafa kudaden ketare a wannan rana.  Adadin hukuma ya fadi sau biyu.

An kuma yi amfani da fam na Masar a Sudan ta Anglo-Masar tsakanin shekarar 1899 zuwa 1956, da kuma Cyrenaica lokacin da take karkashin mulkin Birtaniya sannan daga bisani ta zama masarauta mai cin gashin kanta tsakanin 1942 zuwa 1951. Har ila yau, ya yadu a cikin Falasdinu na wajibi daga 1918 zuwa 1927, lokacin da aka gabatar da fam na Falasdinu, daidai yake da darajar fam Sterling . Babban bankin kasar Masar ya fitar da takardun kudi a karon farko a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 1899. Babban Bankin Masar da Babban Bankin Masar sun hade cikin [[Babban Bankin Masar]] a shekarar 1961.

== Sunayen suna ==

=== An yi amfani da shi don ƙimar tarihi ko a cikin magana ta harshe ===
Ana kuma amfani da sunaye da yawa waɗanda ba na hukuma ba don nuni ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na kuɗin Masar. Waɗannan sun haɗa da (daga kalmar ''[[wiktionary:nickel|nickel]]'' ) ''nekla'' ( {{Lang|ar|نكلة}} ) [ˈneklæ] na 2 milliemes, ''ta'rif'' ( {{Lang|ar|تعريفة}} ) [tæʕˈɾiːfæ] na milliemes 5, {{Transl|arz|shelen}} ( {{Lang|ar|شلن}} ) [ˈʃelen] (watau shilling ) na piastres 5, ''bariza'' ( {{Lang|ar|بريزة}} ) [bæˈɾiːzæ] na piastres 10, da ''reyal'' ( &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:125%; font-family:'KacstOne', 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Tahoma, 'Iranian Sans'&quot;&gt;ريال&lt;/span&gt; ) [ɾeˈjæːl] ( ''&quot; ainihin &quot;'' ) don piastars 20. Tun da piastre da millieme ba su da ɗanɗano na doka, ƙaramar ƙungiyar a halin yanzu ana yin ta ita ce tsabar kuɗin PT 25 (aiki a matsayin kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na E£1), waɗannan sharuɗɗan galibi sun faɗi cikin rashin amfani kuma suna rayuwa azaman masu son sani. Wasu kaɗan sun tsira don komawa zuwa bayanin kula na fam: ''bariza'' yanzu yana nufin bayanin E£10 kuma ana iya amfani da ''reyal'' dangane da bayanin E£20.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2021}}

=== Na yau da kullun ===
Jimlar Fam daban-daban na Masarawa suna da sunayen laƙabi a cikin maganganun yare, misali: E£1 ''bolbol (بلبل)'' ma'ana nightingale ko ''gondi (جوندي)'' ma'ana soja, E£1,000 ''bako'' ( {{Lang|ar|باكو}} ) [ˈbæːko] &quot;fakiti&quot;; E£1,000,000 ''arnab'' ( {{Lang|ar|أرنب}} ) [ˈʔæɾnæb] &quot;zomo&quot;; E £1,000,000,000 ''ji'' ( {{Lang|ar|فيل}} ) [fiːl] &quot;giwa&quot;{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}} .

== Tsabar kudi ==
Tsakanin 1837 da 1900, jan karfe 1 da 5 para *, azurfa 10 da 20 para, 1, 5, 10 da 20 piastre (pt), zinariya 5pt, 10pt. kuma an gabatar da tsabar kudi 20pt da E£1, tare da tsabar zinari 50 PT da aka bayar a cikin 1839.

An gabatar da tsabar tsabar Copper 10 para a cikin 1853, kodayake tsabar azurfar ta ci gaba da ba da ita. An sake gabatar da tsabar tsabar Copper 10 para a cikin 1862, sannan jan karfe 4 para da 2 suka biyo baya  tsabar kudi a cikin 1863. An gabatar da tsabar tsabar zinare 25 PT a cikin 1867.

A cikin 1885, an maye gurbin para da millieme don rage yawan kudin kuma an gabatar da sabon tsabar kudi. Batun ya kunshi tagulla   1, 2 da 5 millieme (m), azurfa 1 PT, 2 PT, 5 PT, 10 PT da 20 PT tsabar kudi. Kusan kuɗin zinare ya ƙare, tare da ƙananan lambobi na PT 5 da 10 PT kawai an ba da su.

A cikin 1916 da 1917, an gabatar da sabon tsabar tsabar ƙarfe na ƙarfe wanda ya ƙunshi tagulla.  da holed, cupro-nickel 1m, 2m, 5m and 10m tsabar kudi. Azurfa 2 PT, 5 PT, 10 PT da 20 PT tsabar kudi, kuma an sake dawo da tsabar E£1 na gwal. Tsakanin 1922 zuwa 1923, an tsawaita kuɗin zinare don haɗa da 20 PT da 50 PT da E£1 da E£5 tsabar kudi. A cikin 1924, tagulla ya maye gurbin cupro-nickel a cikin tsabar kudin 1m kuma an cire ramukan daga sauran tsabar kudi-nickel. A cikin 1938, an gabatar da tsabar tagulla 5m da 10m, sannan a 1944 da azurfa, tsabar kudi PT guda 2.

Tsakanin 1954 zuwa 1956, an bullo da wani sabon tsabar kudi, wanda ya kunshi aluminum-bronze 1m, 5m and 10m da silver 5 PT, 10 PT da 20 PT tsabar kudi, tare da rage girman tsabar kudin azurfa. An ƙaddamar da tsabar aluminium-tagulla 2m a cikin 1962. A shekara ta 1967 an yi watsi da kuɗin azurfa kuma an gabatar da tsabar kudi na cin kofin nickel 5 da 10 piastre.

Aluminum ya maye gurbin aluminum-tagulla a cikin tsabar kudi 1m, 5m da 10m a 1972, sannan tagulla a cikin tsabar 5m da 10m a 1973. Aluminium-bronze 2 PT da cupro-nickel 20 PT tsabar kudi an gabatar da su a cikin 1980, sannan aluminium-bronze 1 PT da 5 PT tsabar kudi a 1984. A cikin 1992, an gabatar da tsabar tagulla 5 da 10 piastre, sannan aka binne su a cikin 1993, hold, cupro-nickel 25 piastre tsabar kudi. An rage girman tsabar PT 5 a cikin 2004, 10 PT da 25 PT tsabar kudi - a cikin 2008.

A ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2006, 50 PT da E£1 tsabar kudi masu kwanan wata 2005 an gabatar da su, kuma an cire kwatankwacin takardun kudinsa na ɗan lokaci daga rarrabawa a cikin 2010. Sulalolin suna ɗauke da fuskar [[Cleopatra|Cleopatra VII]] da abin rufe fuska na Tutankhamun, kuma tsabar E£1 ɗin bimetallic ne. An rage girman da abun da ke ciki na tsabar kudi PT 50 a cikin 2007.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Coins in circulation
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Value
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Debut
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Image
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Specifications
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Description
|-
!Obverse
!Reverse
!Diameter (mm)
!Thickness (mm)
!Mass (g)
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Composition
!Obverse
!Reverse
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |5 PT**
|1984
|[[File:5qershObverse1984.jpg|55x55px|5qershObverse1984]]
|[[File:5qershReverse1984.jpg|59x59px|5qershReverse1984]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |23
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.2
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |4.9
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 95% Aluminium 5%
|3 pyramids of Giza
| rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |
* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* Value in [[Larabci|Arabic]]
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
|-
|1992
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |21
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.1
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |3.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 92% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aluminium 8%
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Islamic pottery
|-
|2004–2008
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |17
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.04
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2.4
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nickel 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copper plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |10 PT**
|1984
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.35
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |5.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 75% Nickel 25%
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Mosque of Muhammad Ali
|-
|1992
|[[File:10_EPT_obverse.JPG|55x55px]]
|[[File:10_EPT_reverse.JPG|57x57px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |23
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.2
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |4.9
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 95% Aluminum 5%
|-
|2008
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |19
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.1
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |3.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Copper 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |20 PT**
|1984
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |27
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.4
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |6
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 75% Nickel 25%
|-
|1992
|
|[[File:20_EPT_reverse.JPG|57x57px]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.35
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |5.2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Copper 95%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Aluminium 5%
|[[Jami'ar Al-Azhar|Al-Azhar mosque]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25 PT
|1993**
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.4
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* Islamic illustration
* Value in [[Larabci|Arabic]] and in [[Turanci|English]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |

* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
|-
|2008-22
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |21
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.26
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |4.5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Copper 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;10&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |50 PT
|2005
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[File:50_Egyptian_piastres_obverse.JPG|70x70px]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[File:50_Egyptian_piastres_reverse.jpg|71x71px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.58
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |6.5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Copper 75% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Zinc]] 20% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel 5%
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* [[Cleopatra]]'s head
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* Value in Arabic and in English
|-
|2007-21
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |23
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.7
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nickel 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copper plating 4%
|-
| colspan=&quot;10&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |£1***
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2005
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[File:100_EPT_obverse.JPG|70x70px]]
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[File:100_EPT_reverse.JPG|70x70px]]
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.89
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |8.5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Bimetal
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Tutankhamun's mask
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |
* جمهورية مصر العربية (&quot;[[Misra|Arab Republic of Egypt]]&quot;)
* Value in Arabic and in English
* [[Hijira kalanda|Hijri]] and Gregorian year in Arabic
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|Ring
|Centre
|-
|Copper 75% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel 25%
|Copper 75% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Zinc]] 20% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel 5%
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2007–2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1.96
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Copper 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nickel plating 4%
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Karfe|Steel]] 94% &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nickel 2%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copper plating 4%
|}
{{smalldiv|1=''* 1 para = {{frac|40}} piastre.''

''** Not in circulation as of 2008.''

''*** As to commemorate the branching of the Suez canal, the obverse had the Arabic phrase, {{lang|ar|قناة السويس الجديدة}} &quot;New Suez Canal&quot;.''}}

== Takardun kuɗi ==
A cikin alif dari takwas da casa'in  da tara 1899, Babban Bankin Masar ya gabatar da bayanin kula a cikin 50 PT, £1, £5, £10, £50 da £100. Tsakanin alif dari tara da sha shida  1916 zuwa alif dari tara da sha bakwai 1917, an ƙara PT bayanin kula guda 25, tare da takardun kuɗin gwamnati na 5 PT da PT 10 da Ma'aikatar Kudi ta fitar.

A shekarar alif dari tara da sittin da da daya 1961, [[Babban Bankin Masar|babban bankin kasar Masar]] ya karbi ragamar mulkin kasar daga hannun babban bankin kasa, ya kuma fitar da takardar kudi ta kungiyar ‘yan fashin teku 25 da 50, an bullo da takardar kudi fam 1, £5, fam 10 da fam 20 a shekarar 1976, sai kuma fam 100 a 1978, fam. 50 a 1993 da £ 200 a 2007. 

Duk takardun kuɗin Masar na harsuna biyu ne, tare da rubutun [[Larabci]] da lambobi na Larabci na Gabas akan madaidaicin, da rubutun [[Turanci|Ingilishi]] da lambobin Larabci na Yamma a baya. Zane-zanen da ba a saba ba suna nuna fasalin ginin [[Musulunci]] tare da zane-zane na baya da ke nuna ginshiƙan Masarawa na dā (ginai, mutummutumai da rubuce-rubuce). A cikin watan Disamba na 2006, an ambata a cikin labarai a jaridun ''Al Ahram'' da ''Al Akhbar'' cewa ana shirin gabatar da fam 200 da fam 500. Tun daga shekarar 2019, akwai bayanan £200 da ke yawo amma har yanzu babu wani shiri na fitar da bayanan £500.  An fara daga 2011 an cire 25 PT, 50 PT da fam 1 takardun banki don neman ƙarin amfani da tsabar kudi. Koyaya, tun daga watan Yuni 2016 Babban Bankin Masar ya sake dawo da fam ɗin banki na fam 1 zuwa wurare dabam dabam  da kuma 25 PT da 50 PT bayanin kula saboda ƙarancin ƙaramin canji.

Gwamnan babban bankin kasar Masar ya sanar da cewa babban bankin kasar Masar zai fitar da bayanan polymer a farkon shekarar 2021. Wannan canjin ya zo ne yayin da CBE ta koma babban ofishinta zuwa sabon babban birnin tarayya.  A ranar 31 ga Yuli, 2021, Shugaban Masar ya sake duba bayanan £10 da £20, da za a fitar a watan Nuwamba 2021.  A watan Agustan 2021, an tilasta wa Babban Bankin tabbatar da cewa bakan gizo holograms a kan sabbin takardun banki wata amintacciyar alama ce ta alamar ruwa don hana jabu, bayan masu sukar kan layi sun ba da shawarar saƙon ɓoye ne na goyon bayan haƙƙin LGBT.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/08/03/egypt-rainbow-bank-note/|title=Bank of Egypt forced to confirm new rainbow note isn't for LGBT+ rights after backlash|last=Powys Maurice|first=Emily|date=3 August 2021|work=[[PinkNews]]|access-date=3 August 2021|archive-date=3 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803160013/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/08/03/egypt-rainbow-bank-note/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.egyptindependent.com/cbe-confirms-continued-validity-of-all-paper-currencies/|title=CBE confirms continued validity of all paper currencies|date=3 August 2021|work=[[Egypt Independent]]|access-date=3 August 2021|archive-date=3 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803104137/https://www.egyptindependent.com/cbe-confirms-continued-validity-of-all-paper-currencies/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+MShafin na yanzu na fam na Masar
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Hoto
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Daraja
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Girma (milimita)
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Babban launi
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Bayani
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Shekarar fitowar farko
|-
! Banda
! Juya baya
! Banda
! Juya baya
|-
|[[File:EGP_25_Piastres_2008_(Front).png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:25piastres_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |25 PT
| 130 × 70
| Blue
| [[Masallacin Sayeda Aisha|Masjid A'isha]]
| Tufafin makamai na Masar
| 1985
|-
|[[File:50_piastres_obverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:50_piastres_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |50 PT
| 135 × 70
| Brown/rawaya-kore
| Masallacin Al-Azhar
| Ramses II
| 1985
|-
|[[File:1EGP-2001(5).png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:1pound_Egypt_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |£1
| 140 × 70
| Beige
| Masallaci da mausoleum na Qaitbay
| Abu Simbel Temples
| 1978
|-
|[[File:5EGP-2012.png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:5EGP(2).png|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £5
| 145 × 70
| Launi-kore
| [[Masallacin Ibn Tulun]]
| Hoton Fir'auna na Hapi (allahn [[Ambaliyar kogin nilu|ambaliyar ruwan]] [[Nil|Nilu]] na shekara-shekara) yana ba da fa'ida.
| 1981
|-
|[[File:10polemr-face-2022.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:10polemr-back-2022.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £10 
| 132 × 70
| Lemu
| Masallacin Al-Fattah Al-Aleem
| Hatshepsut
| 2022
|-
|[[File:Egypt_20_Pound_2009_obverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:Egypt_20_Pound_2009_reverse.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £20
| 155 × 70
| Kore
| Masallacin Muhammad Ali
| Karusar yaƙi na Fir'auna da frieze daga ɗakin sujada na Senusret I
| 1978
|-
|[[File:EGP_50_Pounds_Dec_2001_(Front).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:EGP_50_Pounds_Dec_2001_(Back).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £50
| 160 × 70
| Brown-janye
| Masallacin Abu Huraiba
(Masallacin Qijmas al-Ishaqi)
| Temple of Edfu
| 1993
|-
|[[File:EGP_100_Pounds_2009_(Front).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:100_EGP_reverse_2014-1-26.jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £100
| 165 × 70
| Cyan
| Masallacin Sultan Hassan
| Babban Sphinx na Giza
| 1994
|-
|[[File:EGP_200_Pounds_Apr_2007_(Front).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
|[[File:EGP_200_Pounds_Apr_2007_(Back).jpg|300x300px]]&lt;/img&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | £200
| 165 × 72
| Zaitun
| Masallacin Qani-Bay
| Marubuci Zazzau
| 2007
|}

== Farashin musaya na tarihi da na yanzu ==

=== Sterling ===
Wannan tebur yana nuna darajar 1 laban Sterling a cikin fam na Masar.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Kwanan wata
! Adadin hukuma
|-
| 1885 zuwa 1949
| E£0.975
|-
| 2008
| E 10.0775
|-
| 2009
| E£8.50
|-
| 2012
| E£9.68
|-
| 2014
| E£11.97 To E£12.03
|-
| 2016
| E£12.60 zuwa E£21.21
|-
| 2017
| E£20.00
|-
| 2020
| E£20.00
|-
| 2022
| E£29.906 a matsayin karshen shekara
|-
| 2023
| E £ 36.81 har zuwa Maris 3
|}

=== Dalar Amurka ===
[[File:Value_of_USD_in_EGP_(1789_to_2020).png|thumb|400x400px| Tarihin darajar dalar Amurka daya a kudin Masar daga 1789 zuwa yanzu, alkalumman da suka gabata kafin 1834, shekarar da aka bullo da fam din fam, na nuni da yawan piastres 100.]]
Wannan tebur yana nuna ƙimar tarihin US$ 1 a cikin kudin Masar (piastres kafin 1834, fam daga yanzu):
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Kwanan wata
! Adadin hukuma
|-
| 1789 zuwa 1799
| 3 PT
|-
| 1800 zuwa 1824
| 6 PT
|-
| 1825 zuwa 1884
| 14 PT (E£0.14)
|-
| 1885 zuwa 1939
| E£0.20
|-
| 1940 zuwa 1949
| E £ 0.25
|-
| 1950 zuwa 1967
| E £ 0.36
|-
| 1968 zuwa 1978
| E£0.40
|-
| 1979 zuwa 1988
| E£0.60
|-
| 1989
| E £ 0.83
|-
| 1990
| E£1.50
|-
| 1991
| E£3.00
|-
| 1992
| E£3.33
|-
| 1993 zuwa 1998
| E£3.39
|-
| 1999
| E£3.40
|-
| 2000
| E£3.42 zuwa E£3.75
|-
| 2001
| E£3.75 zuwa E£4.50
|-
| 2002
| E£4.50 zuwa E£4.62
|-
| 2003
| E£4.82 zuwa E£6.25
|-
| 2004
| E£6.13 To E£6.28
|-
| 2005 zuwa 2006
| E£5.75
|-
| 2007
| E£5.640 zuwa E£5.50
|-
| 2008
| E£5.50 zuwa E£5.29
|-
| 2009
| E£5.75
|-
| 2010
| E£5.80
|-
| 2011
| E£5.95
|-
| 2012
| E£6.36
|-
| 2013
| E£6.50 zuwa E£6.96
|-
| 2014
| E£6.95 zuwa E£7.15
|-
| 2015
| E£7.15 zuwa E£11.00
|-
| 2016
| E£15.00 zuwa E£18.00
|-
| 2017
| E£17.70 zuwa E£17.83
|-
| 2018
| E£17.69 zuwa E£17.89
|-
| 2019
| E£17.89 zuwa E£15.99
|-
| 2020
| E£16.04 To E£15.79
|-
| 2021
| E£15.82 To E£15.71
|-
| 2022
| E£15.72 zuwa E£24.70
|-
| 2023
| E £ 24.75 zuwa E £ 30.77 har zuwa Maris 3
|}

== Manazarta  ==
{{realist}} 

[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>b8z3opveixzf5e7tvm21ink5aeg51n6</sha1>
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    <title>Popati Hirandani</title>
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'''Popati Hiranandani''' (17 Satumban shekarar 1924 - 16 Disamban shekarar 2005) marubuciya Ba’indiya ce wacce ta rubuta littattafai sama da sittin cikin harshen Sindhi yayin rayuwarta.Ta kasance marubuciya,marubuciyar almara,mawaƙi,ƙwararriyar ilimi,mai fafutukar mata da zamantakewa.Ta ba da gudummawa sosai ga adabin Sindhi kafin da bayan rabuwar Indiya. Ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da Sahitya Akademi Award (1982),Kyautar Mace ta Shekara (1988),da Gaurav Puraskar (1990) da sauransu.

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
An kuma haife ta a ranar 17 ga Satumban shekarar 1924 a cikin dangin Hindu Amil na Hyderabad, Sindh. Mahaifinta Ramchand Hiranandani jami'in gandun daji ne.Ita ce ta biyu a cikin yara bakwai, kuma ta rasa mahaifinta yana da shekara goma. Ta yi karatu a Kundan Mal High School da Miran College Hyderabad.Don tallafa wa danginta,ta shiga matsayin malamin kiɗa a makarantar sakandaren Kundan Mal da Pigit Girls School Hyderabad,yayin da ta ci gaba da karatu a lokaci ɗaya.  Bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Hindu ta Banaras a 1943 tare da bambanci a [[Sanskrit]],ta fara koyar da harsuna da adabi. Ta yi murabus a matsayin shugabar Sashen Sindhi na Kwalejin Kishinchand Chellaram,Bombay (yanzu [[Mumbai]] ). &lt;ref&gt;Asha, Dayal Dr.; لاثاني اديب پروفيسر پوپٽي ھيراننداڻي, [https://epaper.hindvasi.com/23-06-2019/2/large Weekly Hinvasi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250301114854/https://epaper.hindvasi.com/23-06-2019/2/large |date=2025-03-01 }}, 23rd June 2019, pp. 02.&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarun ƙarshe na hidimarta a wannan kwaleji,ta kuma koyar da kuma kula da ɗaliban digiri na biyu na Jami'ar Bombay . &lt;ref name=&quot;tsw&quot; /&gt;

A cikin 1970,an zabe ta a matsayin memba na kwamitin masu ba da shawara na Kwamitin Audition na All India Radio,Bombay.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2022}}A cikin wannan shekarar, an zabe ta a matsayin memba na Hukumar Shawara ta Sindhi[[Ma'aikatar Ilimi na kasar(India)|,]]Gwamnatin Indiya. A cikin 1972,an zaɓi ta a matsayin memba na Sahitya Akademi 's Advisory Board for Sindhi.A cikin 1974,ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Dukan Harshen Sindhi na Indiya da Ƙungiyar Adabi.A cikin 1977,ta kasance memba na kwamitin zaɓi na ''ƙamus na kimiyya da fasaha'' kuma a cikin 1979 a matsayin memba na kwamitin zaɓi na Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a.A cikin 1988,ta kasance mai kiran Sahitya Akademi's Advisory Board.
== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Popati Hiranandani''' (17 Satumban shekarar 1924 - 16 Disamban shekarar 2005) marubuciya Ba’indiya ce wacce ta rubuta littattafai sama da sittin cikin harshen Sindhi yayin rayuwarta.Ta kasance marubuciya,marubuciyar almara,mawaƙi,ƙwararriyar ilimi,mai fafutukar mata da zamantakewa.Ta ba da gudummawa sosai ga adabin Sindhi kafin da bayan rabuwar Indiya. Ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da Sahitya Akademi Award (1982),Kyautar Mace ta Shekara (1988),da Gaurav Puraskar (1990) da sauransu.

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
An kuma haife ta a ranar 17 ga Satumban shekarar 1924 a cikin dangin Hindu Amil na Hyderabad, Sindh. Mahaifinta Ramchand Hiranandani jami'in gandun daji ne.Ita ce ta biyu a cikin yara bakwai, kuma ta rasa mahaifinta yana da shekara goma. Ta yi karatu a Kundan Mal High School da Miran College Hyderabad.Don tallafa wa danginta,ta shiga matsayin malamin kiɗa a makarantar sakandaren Kundan Mal da Pigit Girls School Hyderabad,yayin da ta ci gaba da karatu a lokaci ɗaya.  Bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Hindu ta Banaras a 1943 tare da bambanci a [[Sanskrit]],ta fara koyar da harsuna da adabi. Ta yi murabus a matsayin shugabar Sashen Sindhi na Kwalejin Kishinchand Chellaram,Bombay (yanzu [[Mumbai]] ). &lt;ref&gt;Asha, Dayal Dr.; لاثاني اديب پروفيسر پوپٽي ھيراننداڻي, [https://epaper.hindvasi.com/23-06-2019/2/large Weekly Hinvasi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250301114854/https://epaper.hindvasi.com/23-06-2019/2/large |date=2025-03-01 }}, 23rd June 2019, pp. 02.&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarun ƙarshe na hidimarta a wannan kwaleji,ta kuma koyar da kuma kula da ɗaliban digiri na biyu na Jami'ar Bombay . &lt;ref name=&quot;tsw&quot; /&gt;

A cikin shekarar 1970,an zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na kwamitin masu ba da shawara na Kwamitin Audition na All India Radio,Bombay.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2022}}A cikin wannan shekarar, an zabe ta a matsayin memba na Hukumar Shawara ta Sindhi[[Ma'aikatar Ilimi na kasar(India)|,]]Gwamnatin Indiya. A cikin 1972,an zaɓi ta a matsayin memba na Sahitya Akademi 's Advisory Board for Sindhi.A cikin 1974,ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Dukan Harshen Sindhi na Indiya da Ƙungiyar Adabi.A cikin 1977,ta kasance memba na kwamitin zaɓi na ''ƙamus na kimiyya da fasaha'' kuma a cikin 1979 a matsayin memba na kwamitin zaɓi na Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a.A cikin 1988,ta kasance mai kiran Sahitya Akademi's Advisory Board.
== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Popati Hiranandani''' (17 Satumban shekarar 1924 - 16 Disamban shekarar 2005) marubuciya Ba’indiya ce wacce ta rubuta littattafai sama da sittin cikin harshen Sindhi yayin rayuwarta.Ta kasance marubuciya,marubuciyar almara,mawaƙi,ƙwararriyar ilimi,mai fafutukar mata da zamantakewa.Ta ba da gudummawa sosai ga adabin Sindhi kafin da bayan rabuwar Indiya. Ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da Sahitya Akademi Award (1982),Kyautar Mace ta Shekara (1988),da Gaurav Puraskar (1990) da sauransu.

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
An kuma haife ta a ranar 17 ga Satumban shekarar 1924 a cikin dangin Hindu Amil na Hyderabad, Sindh. Mahaifinta Ramchand Hiranandani jami'in gandun daji ne.Ita ce ta biyu a cikin yara bakwai, kuma ta rasa mahaifinta yana da shekara goma. Ta yi karatu a Kundan Mal High School da Miran College Hyderabad.Don tallafa wa danginta,ta shiga matsayin malamin kiɗa a makarantar sakandaren Kundan Mal da Pigit Girls School Hyderabad,yayin da ta ci gaba da karatu a lokaci ɗaya.  Bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Hindu ta Banaras a 1943 tare da bambanci a [[Sanskrit]],ta fara koyar da harsuna da adabi. Ta yi murabus a matsayin shugabar Sashen Sindhi na Kwalejin Kishinchand Chellaram,Bombay (yanzu [[Mumbai]] ). &lt;ref&gt;Asha, Dayal Dr.; لاثاني اديب پروفيسر پوپٽي ھيراننداڻي, [https://epaper.hindvasi.com/23-06-2019/2/large Weekly Hinvasi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250301114854/https://epaper.hindvasi.com/23-06-2019/2/large |date=2025-03-01 }}, 23rd June 2019, pp. 02.&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarun ƙarshe na hidimarta a wannan kwaleji,ta kuma koyar da kuma kula da ɗaliban digiri na biyu na Jami'ar Bombay . &lt;ref name=&quot;tsw&quot; /&gt;

A cikin shekarar 1970,an zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na kwamitin masu ba da shawara na Kwamitin Audition na All India Radio,Bombay.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2022}}A cikin wannan shekarar, an zabe ta a matsayin memba na Hukumar Shawara ta Sindhi[[Ma'aikatar Ilimi na kasar(India)|,]]Gwamnatin Indiya. A cikin 1972,an zaɓi ta a matsayin memba na Sahitya Akademi 's Advisory Board for Sindhi.A cikin shekarar1974,ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Dukan Harshen Sindhi na Indiya da Ƙungiyar Adabi.A cikin 1977,ta kasance memba na kwamitin zaɓi na ''ƙamus na kimiyya da fasaha'' kuma a cikin 1979 a matsayin memba na kwamitin zaɓi na Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a.A cikin shekarar 1988,ta kasance mai kiran Sahitya Akademi's Advisory Board.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nancy Cox-McCormack</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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[[Fayil:Edward Ward Carmack statue Tennessee Capitol (cropped).jpg|thumb|Nancy Cox-McCormack]]
'''Nancy Cox-McCormack''',daga baya '''Cushman''' (Agusta 15,1885 - Fabrairun shekarar 17,1967), ɗan sculptor ɗan Amurka ne,marubuci kuma mai zamantakewa. Tsakanin shekarar 1910 da 1953 ta sassaƙa tagulla da terracotta busts da bas reliefs na fiye da saba'in sitters,ciki har da manyan mashahuran kamar yadda mai gyara zamantakewa Jane Addams, lauya Clarence Darrow,mawaƙi Ezra Pound,Italiyanci mai mulkin kama Benito Mussolini,Sipaniya mai mulkin kama karya Miguel Primo de Rivera.dan siyasa [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mohandas K. Gandhi]]. Daga cikin ayyukan da aka san ta yi,an san wurin da rabi ne kawai a halin yanzu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weyant&quot; /&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
Nancy&quot;Nannie&quot; Mal(ko Mai)Cox an haife shi a Nashville,Tennessee,a ranar 15 ga Agusta,1885,na biyu cikin 'ya'ya uku na Herschel McCullough Cox da Nancy Morgan Cox,ma'auratan Virginia.Nancy da ’yan’uwanta sun kamu da cutar shan inna lokacin da Nancy ke da kusan shekaru uku,kuma ‘yar uwarta da yayanta sun mutu sakamakon cutar a watan Mayun 1888.Mahaifiyar Nancy ta mutu da cutar tarin fuka a ranar 13 ga Disamba,1888.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tennessee&quot; /&gt;

Herschel McCullough Cox ya sake yin aure kuma ya haifi ɗa,Henry Herschel Cox,tare da matarsa ta biyu,Lena Lillian Warren. Herschel ta mutu a wani hatsari lokacin da Cox-McCormack yana matashi a ranar 31 ga Disamba,1899.</text>
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[[Fayil:Edward Ward Carmack statue Tennessee Capitol (cropped).jpg|thumb|Nancy Cox-McCormack]]
'''Nancy Cox-McCormack''',daga baya '''Cushman''' (Agusta 15,1885 - Fabrairun shekarar 17,1967), ɗan sculptor ɗan Amurka ne,marubuci kuma mai zamantakewa. Tsakanin shekarar 1910 da 1953 ta sassaƙa tagulla da terracotta busts da bas reliefs na fiye da saba'in sitters,ciki har da manyan mashahuran kamar yadda mai gyara zamantakewa Jane Addams, lauya Clarence Darrow,mawaƙi Ezra Pound,Italiyanci mai mulkin kama Benito Mussolini,Sipaniya mai mulkin kama karya Miguel Primo de Rivera.dan siyasa [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mohandas K. Gandhi]]. Daga cikin ayyukan da aka san ta yi,an san wurin da rabi ne kawai a halin yanzu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weyant&quot; /&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
Nancy&quot;Nannie&quot; Mal(ko Mai)Cox an haife shi a Nashville,Tennessee,a ranar 15 ga Agustan shekarar 1885,na biyu cikin 'ya'ya uku na Herschel McCullough Cox da Nancy Morgan Cox,ma'auratan Virginia.Nancy da ’yan’uwanta sun kamu da cutar shan inna lokacin da Nancy ke da kusan shekaru uku,kuma ‘yar uwarta da yayanta sun mutu sakamakon cutar a watan Mayun 1888.Mahaifiyar Nancy ta mutu da cutar tarin fuka a ranar 13 ga Disamba,1888.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tennessee&quot; /&gt;

Herschel McCullough Cox ya sake yin aure kuma ya haifi ɗa,Henry Herschel Cox,tare da matarsa ta biyu,Lena Lillian Warren. Herschel ta mutu a wani hatsari lokacin da Cox-McCormack yana matashi a ranar 31 ga Disamba,1899.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>893471</id>
      <parentid>893470</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
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[[Fayil:Edward Ward Carmack statue Tennessee Capitol (cropped).jpg|thumb|Nancy Cox-McCormack]]
'''Nancy Cox-McCormack''',daga baya '''Cushman''' (Agusta 15,1885 - Fabrairun shekarar 17,1967), ɗan sculptor ɗan Amurka ne,marubuci kuma mai zamantakewa. Tsakanin shekarar 1910 da 1953 ta sassaƙa tagulla da terracotta busts da bas reliefs na fiye da saba'in sitters,ciki har da manyan mashahuran kamar yadda mai gyara zamantakewa Jane Addams, lauya Clarence Darrow,mawaƙi Ezra Pound,Italiyanci mai mulkin kama Benito Mussolini,Sipaniya mai mulkin kama karya Miguel Primo de Rivera.dan siyasa [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mohandas K. Gandhi]]. Daga cikin ayyukan da aka san ta yi,an san wurin da rabi ne kawai a halin yanzu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weyant&quot; /&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
Nancy&quot;Nannie&quot; Mal(ko Mai)Cox an haife shi a Nashville,Tennessee,a ranar 15 ga Agustan shekarar 1885,na biyu cikin 'ya'ya uku na Herschel McCullough Cox da Nancy Morgan Cox,ma'auratan Virginia.Nancy da ’yan’uwanta sun kamu da cutar shan inna lokacin da Nancy ke da kusan shekaru uku,kuma ‘yar uwarta da yayanta sun mutu sakamakon cutar a watan Mayun shekarar 1888. Mahaifiyar Nancy ta mutu da cutar tarin fuka a ranar 13 ga Disamban shekarar 1888.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tennessee&quot; /&gt;

Herschel McCullough Cox ya sake yin aure kuma ya haifi ɗa,Henry Herschel Cox,tare da matarsa ta biyu,Lena Lillian Warren. Herschel ta mutu a wani hatsari lokacin da Cox-McCormack yana matashi a ranar 31 ga Disamba,1899.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>893473</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:03:57Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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[[Fayil:Edward Ward Carmack statue Tennessee Capitol (cropped).jpg|thumb|Nancy Cox-McCormack]]
'''Nancy Cox-McCormack''',daga baya '''Cushman''' (Agusta 15,1885 - Fabrairun shekarar 17,1967), ɗan sculptor ɗan Amurka ne,marubuci kuma mai zamantakewa. Tsakanin shekarar 1910 da 1953 ta sassaƙa tagulla da terracotta busts da bas reliefs na fiye da saba'in sitters,ciki har da manyan mashahuran kamar yadda mai gyara zamantakewa Jane Addams, lauya Clarence Darrow,mawaƙi Ezra Pound,Italiyanci mai mulkin kama Benito Mussolini,Sipaniya mai mulkin kama karya Miguel Primo de Rivera.dan siyasa [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mohandas K. Gandhi]]. Daga cikin ayyukan da aka san ta yi,an san wurin da rabi ne kawai a halin yanzu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weyant&quot; /&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
Nancy&quot;Nannie&quot; Mal(ko Mai)Cox an haife shi a Nashville,Tennessee,a ranar 15 ga Agustan shekarar 1885,na biyu cikin 'ya'ya uku na Herschel McCullough Cox da Nancy Morgan Cox,ma'auratan Virginia.Nancy da ’yan’uwanta sun kamu da cutar shan inna lokacin da Nancy ke da kusan shekaru uku,kuma ‘yar uwarta da yayanta sun mutu sakamakon cutar a watan Mayun shekarar 1888. Mahaifiyar Nancy ta mutu da cutar tarin fuka a ranar 13 ga Disamban shekarar 1888.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tennessee&quot; /&gt;

Herschel McCullough Cox ya sake yin aure kuma ya haifi ɗa,Henry Herschel Cox,tare da matarsa ta biyu,Lena Lillian Warren. Herschel ta mutu a wani hatsari lokacin da Cox-McCormack yana matashi a ranar 31 ga Disamban shekarar 1899.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ferdinand Bury</title>
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      <id>893495</id>
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        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
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'''Ferdinand Bury''' (1740 - 1795) ta kuma kasance mamban majalisar ministocin Paris (''ébéniste'') a lokacin mulkin Louis XVI. Don haka sanannen shi ne cewa har zuwa kashi na farko na karni na sha tara, masu zamani da masu ta rawa suna kiransa Ferdinand kawai.&lt;ref&gt;Count Francois de Salverte, ''Les Ebenistes du XVIII Siecle''&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi aiki tare da mafi kyawun majalisar ministoci na shekarunsa, ciki har da Jean-Henri Riesener,Martin Carlin,da [[Jean-Baptiste Tuart]]. A cewar Count de Salverte,&quot;Le soin que Ferdinand Bury apportait a ses travaux lui merita du succes.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Salverte, op cit&lt;/ref&gt;

Bury ya zama jagora a cikin guild na ebenistes a 1774 kuma ya kafa shago a Faubourg Saint-Antoine a [[Faris|Paris]]. Bajamushe ne, ya dauki ma'aikatan Jamus aiki. Da alama yana da zafin rai, ya taɓa yin taho-mu-gama da ƴan kasuwa a cikin shagon da ke kusa.Zuba jari mara kyau da juyin juya halin Faransa ya lalata shi, kuma Bury ya bayyana fatarar kudi a ƙarshen shekarar 1789.&lt;ref&gt;All the foregoing is from Kenny, op. cit. See also J. Kalfa, ''Ferdinand Bury: une estampille fameuse pour un homme mal connu'' (2003)&lt;/ref&gt; Abubuwan da aka yi wa ado da yawa, irin su teburan silinda, attajirai da shahararrun su ne suka tattara su, gami da da yawa na [[Rothschild (iyali)|dangin Rothschild]], kuma suna iya siyar da yau don kusan rabin dala miliyan.

== Manazarta  ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Category:Mutuwan 1795]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>893496</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:11:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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'''Ferdinand Bury''' (1740 - 1795) ta kuma kasance mamban majalisar ministocin Paris (''ébéniste'') a lokacin mulkin Louis XVI. Don haka sanannen shi ne cewa har zuwa kashi na farko na karni na sha tara, masu zamani da masu ta rawa suna kiransa Ferdinand kawai.&lt;ref&gt;Count Francois de Salverte, ''Les Ebenistes du XVIII Siecle''&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi aiki tare da mafi kyawun majalisar ministoci na shekarunsa, ciki har da Jean-Henri Riesener,Martin Carlin,da [[Jean-Baptiste Tuart]]. A cewar Count de Salverte,&quot;Le soin que Ferdinand Bury apportait a ses travaux lui merita du succes.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Salverte, op cit&lt;/ref&gt;

Bury ya zama jagora a cikin guild na ebenistes a shekarar 1774 kuma ya kafa shago a Faubourg Saint-Antoine a [[Faris|Paris]]. Bajamushe ne, ya ɗauki ma'aikatan Jamus aiki. Da alama yana da zafin rai, ya taɓa yin taho-mu-gama da ƴan kasuwa a cikin shagon da ke kusa.Zuba jari mara kyau da juyin juya halin Faransa ya lalata shi, kuma Bury ya bayyana fatarar kudi a ƙarshen shekarar 1789.&lt;ref&gt;All the foregoing is from Kenny, op. cit. See also J. Kalfa, ''Ferdinand Bury: une estampille fameuse pour un homme mal connu'' (2003)&lt;/ref&gt; Abubuwan da aka yi wa ado da yawa, irin su teburan silinda, attajirai da shahararrun su ne suka tattara su, gami da da yawa na [[Rothschild (iyali)|dangin Rothschild]], kuma suna iya siyar da yau don kusan rabin dala miliyan.

== Manazarta  ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Category:Mutuwan 1795]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lina Khalifa</title>
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        <username>Abdallah5194</username>
        <id>47750</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336460935|Lina Khelif]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Algeria squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}}{{Reflist}}'''Lina Khelif''' (Arabic; an haife ta 27 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1997) ƙwararriyar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya a kungiyar Thonon Évian ta Seconde Ligue . An haife ta ne a Faransa, tana wakiltar [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Algeria|Aljeriya]] a matakin kasa da kasa, bayan ta bayyana a wasanni biyu a gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2011 lina khelif Ee wasa   

== manazarta ==
{{Algeria squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]]</text>
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      <comment>Gara</comment>
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{{Algeria squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}}{{Reflist}}'''Lina Khelif''' (Arabic; an haife ta 27 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1997) ƙwararriyar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya a kungiyar Thonon Évian ta Seconde Ligue . An haife ta ne a Faransa, tana wakiltar [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Algeria|Aljeriya]] a matakin kasa da kasa, bayan ta bayyana a wasanni biyu a gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2011    

== manazarta ==
{{Algeria squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]]</text>
      <sha1>8d1poyxb4n8mkl2n0a1lbrzi73wek04</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>893578</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:48:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdallah5194</username>
        <id>47750</id>
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      <text bytes="501" sha1="lgvyvynbt0wuaxkubdarlswm8exgsyw" xml:space="preserve">(Arabic; an haife ta 27 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1997) ƙwararriyar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya a kungiyar Thonon Évian ta Seconde Ligue . An haife ta ne a Faransa, tana wakiltar [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Algeria|Aljeriya]] a matakin kasa da kasa, bayan ta bayyana a wasanni biyu a gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2011    

== manazarta ==
{{Algeria squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]]</text>
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        <username>Musa Vacho77</username>
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      <comment>Saka databox</comment>
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(Arabic; an haife ta 27 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1997) ƙwararriyar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya a kungiyar Thonon Évian ta Seconde Ligue . An haife ta ne a Faransa, tana wakiltar [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Algeria|Aljeriya]] a matakin kasa da kasa, bayan ta bayyana a wasanni biyu a gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2011    

== manazarta ==
{{Algeria squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Abdullahi Ahmad Badawi</title>
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        <username>Baffa ali</username>
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Abdullah bin Ahmad Badawi (Jawi: عبد الله بن احمد بدوي, msmsms; 26 Nuwamba 1939 - 14 Afrilu 2025), wanda kuma aka sani da Pak Lah, [bayanin kula 1] ɗan siyasan Malaysia ne kuma ma'aikacin gwamnati wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na biyar na Malaysia daga 200093 zuwa 2009. 2004 zuwa 2009, sannan kuma ya jagoranci jam'iyyar Barisan Nasional coalition mai mulki a lokacin da ya zama firayim minista. An bai wa Abdullah kyautar &quot;Uban Ci gaban Jari na Dan Adam&quot; (&quot;Bapa Pembangunan Modal Insan&quot;) na Malaysia. 

An haife shi a Bayan Lepas, Penang, Abdullah ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Malaya (UM). Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin Ma'aikacin gwamnati, ya yi aiki kusan shekaru 14 a cikin Gwamnatin Malaysia a matsayin Jami'in Gudanarwa da diflomasiyya (PTD) daga 1964 har zuwa 1978. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan ya yi murabus daga kasancewa PTD, ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na majalisar (MP) na kepala Batas na wa'adi takwas a jere daga 1978 zuwa 2013. Ya kuma yi aiki a ma'aikatu daban-daban kamar Ma'aikatar Yankin Tarayya, Minista a Ma'aikalin Firayim Minista, Ministan Ilimi, Ministan Tsaro, Ministan Harkokin Waje, kafin [[Mahathir Mohamad]] ya kara shi zuwa Mataimakin Firayim Minista. Bayan Mahathir ya yi murabus a shekara ta 2003, Abdullah ya ɗauki mulki kuma ya zaɓi Najib Razak a matsayin mataimakinsa. 


A karkashin gwamnatinsa, ya fuskanci zargi saboda raguwar 'yancin' yan jarida, tare da matsayi na Malaysia ya sauka daga 104 zuwa 132 a cikin Reporters Without Borders press freedom index tsakanin 2003 da 2008. Gudanar da gwamnati a kan kafofin watsa labarai da kuma amfani da dokoki kamar Dokar Tsaro ta Cikin Gida (ISA) don tsare 'yan jarida da masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo sun nuna iyakokin' yancin kafofin watsa labarai a lokacin mulkinsa.[1] Koyaya, ya faɗaɗa sararin dimokuradiyya ta hanyar inganta tattaunawa da ƙarfafa ra'ayoyi daban-daban, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga yanayin siyasa mai ƙarfi. A shekara ta 2008, Abdullah ya ba da sanarwar kafa Hukumar Nuni na shari'a don tabbatar da tsarin da ya fi dacewa da wakilci don zabar, nadawa, da inganta alƙalai, yana amincewa da bukatar dawo da amincewar jama'a a cikin shari'a.[2]

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Abdullah a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 1939 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Abdullah served as the Member of Parliament for Kepala Batas from 1978 to 2008. He was appointed prime minister on October 31, 2003, following the resignation of Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad, and served until April 3, 2009. He died at the National Heart Institute in [[Kuala Lumpur]] at 7:10pm yesterday. He was 85.&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;}},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;i&amp;a Kampung Perlis, Bayan Lepas, Penang, a cikin wani fitaccen iyali na addini.[undefined] Kakan mahaifinsa, Syeikh Abdullah Badawi Fahim, ya fito ne daga zuriyar Hadrami kuma masanin addini ne mai daraja kuma mai kishin kasa. Ya kasance daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Hizbul Muslimin, wanda daga baya ya zama Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Pan-Malaysian (PAS), kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Mufti na farko na Penang bayan samun 'yancin Malaysia.[1][2]

Mahaifinsa, Ahmad Badawi, malamin addini ne kuma memba ne mai aiki na UMNO. Mahaifiyarsa, Kailan Hassan, ta mutu a Kuala Lumpur a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 2004 tana da shekaru 80. [undefined] Kakan mahaifiyar Abdullah, Ha Su-chiang (Sinanci mai sauƙi; Sinanci na gargajiya; : ), wanda aka fi sani da Hassan Salleh, Musulmi ne na Utsul daga Sanya, Hainan .[undefined][undefined][undefined][1][2]

Abdullah ya sami ilimin farko a makarantar firamare ta Permatang Bertam, kepala Batas daga 1947. Daga nan, ya ci gaba da karatun sakandare a Makarantar Sakandare ta Bukit Mertajam sannan daga baya ya halarci makarantar Methodist Boys, Penang don tsari na shida. A shekara ta 1964, ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Malaya tare da digiri na farko a cikin [[Ilimin Musulunci|Nazarin Musulunci]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan gwamnati (1964-1978) ==
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Malaya, ya shiga Rundunar Gudanarwa da diflomasiyya ta Malaysia (PTD) a shekarar 1964.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Ma'aikatar Matasa a Ma'aikatu ta Matasa da Wasanni da kuma memba na Majalisar Ayyuka ta Kasa (MAGERAN). Ya yi murabus a shekara ta 1978 don ya zama memba na majalisa don mazabarsa ta Kapa Batas a arewacin Seberang Perai (wanda kuma mahaifinsa ya wakilta). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Farkon aikin siyasa (1978-2003) ==
 
Bayan an zabi Abdullah a matsayin memba na majalisa (MP) na kepala Batas a Babban zaben 1978, ya yi aiki a matsayin sakataren majalisa ga ministan yankunan tarayya daga 1978 har zuwa 1980 kuma mataimakin ministan yankuna na tarayya daga 1980 har zuwa 1981. An kawo shi a matsayin Minista ba tare da fayil ba a cikin 1981, [1] shi ne ke da alhakin aiwatar da manufofin Look East. [2]

Lokacin da wata takaddama ta tashi a cikin United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) ta raba shi zuwa sansani biyu, wanda aka fi sani da 'Team A' da 'Teem B', wanda ya hada da masu goyon bayan Mahathir da magoya bayan tsohon ministan kudi Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah da tsohon mataimakin Firayim Minista Musa Hitam, an cire Abdullah daga matsayinsa na ministan tsaro. Koyaya, bai shiga jam'iyyar da ta ɓace Semangat 46 (Spirit 46) da Tengku Razaleigh ya kafa ba. Maimakon haka, Mahathir ya kawo Abdullah cikin kwamitin pro tem na sake kafa UMNO (Baru) ko New UMNO a matsayin mataimakin shugabanta a lokacin da aka kafa jam'iyyar a watan Fabrairun 1988. A lokacin sake fasalin majalisa a shekarar 1991, Mahathir ya dawo da shi cikin gwamnati a matsayin Ministan harkokin waje. Duk da rasa mataimakin shugaban kasa a Zaben UMNO na 1993, ya kasance a cikin gwamnati. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja] [ana buƙatar hujja] [ana buƙatar hujja]

A watan Janairun 1999, an nada Abdullah a matsayin mukaddashin mataimakin shugaban kasa a UMNO da mataimakin Firayim Minista, inda ya maye gurbin Anwar Ibrahim a duka matsayi biyu bayan an cire shi daga gwamnati, an kore shi daga UMNO, kuma an kama shi, wanda ya haifar da ƙungiyar Reformasi. Mahathir ya zaba shi a matsayin dan takarar mataimakin shugaban kasa a zaben shugabancin kungiyar United Malays National Organisation na 2000, an dauki Abdullah a matsayin dan siyasa mai sauƙi wanda ba shi da isasshen tasirin siyasa ko goyon baya don kalubalantar martabar Mahathir a cikin jam'iyyar. An danganta wannan ne saboda kin shiga cikin siyasar kudi, wanda ya hana shi gina tushe. An gudanar da zaben ne a karkashin ka'idojin da suka hana kowa yin takarar mukamin shugaban kasa da mataimakin shugaban kasa.[1]

== Firayim Minista (2003-2009) ==

=== Harkokin cikin gida ===
Da yake zama Firayim Minista bayan murabus din Mahathir a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2003, Abdullah ya shiga ofishin yana goyon bayan tsarin sake fasalin jama'a. Wasu daga cikin ayyukansa na farko a cikin gwamnati sun kasance su ajiye manyan ayyukan da aka fara a karkashin Mahathir waɗanda aka ɗauka a matsayin masu lalacewa kuma suna da alaƙa da cin hanci da rashawa na siyasa, kafa kwamiti na sarauta don bincika zarge-zargen cin hanci na 'yan sanda da kuma gabatar da sake fasalin, da kuma gabatarwar ka'idojin ɗabi'a da ke buƙatar ministoci da wakilan da aka zaba su bayyana dukiyarsu. An kuma kaddamar da bincike mai yawa game da cin hanci da rashawa a kan jami'an gwamnati da 'yan kasuwa wanda ya haifar da kamawa. Ya kuma karya da aikin da ya gabata kuma ya nada masu sana'a don jagorantar kamfanonin da ke da alaƙa da gwamnati maimakon 'yan siyasa, yana kira ga kawo ƙarshen al'adun &quot;kwalin [[shinkafa]] na ƙarfe&quot; da kuma zuwa ga al'adun da ke ba da lada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shahararren Abdullah, da kuma salon gwamnati mara rikici wanda aka kwatanta da mulkin kama karya na wanda ya riga shi, ya ba shi nasara mai ƙarfi a Babban zaben Malaysia na 2004, inda hadin gwiwar Barisan Nasional ya sami kujeru 198 daga cikin kujeru 219 da ke akwai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, masu lura sun lura cewa sake tsarawa a shekarar da ta gabata a ƙarƙashin Mahathir ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sikelin nasara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Abdullah_badawi_bush_powell.jpg|left|thumb|Abdullah tare da Shugaban Amurka [[George W. Bush]] a [[White House|Fadar White House]] a shekara ta 2004]]
Halin sake fasalin ya ragu bayan babban zaben 2004, kuma matsayi na Malaysia a cikin Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da rashawa ta wannan shekarar ya fadi wurare biyu daga 37th zuwa 39th. Ci gaba da yaduwar siyasa ta kudi a Zaben UMNO na 2004, tare da yunkurin da bai yi nasara ba na nada surukin Abdullah, Khairy Jamaluddin, don jagorantar kamfani mai alaƙa da gwamnati ya sanya inuwa a kan ajandar sake fasalin tsohon, wanda ya fadi tare da shan kashi na magoya bayansa a zaben shugabancin jam'iyyar ta hanyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya; jam'iyyar kanta ta yi tsayayya da irin gyare-gyaren da Abdullah ke so ya kafa a matsayin kungiyar da kuma amincin shugabannin ta na tsakiya da suka dogara da tsarin kula da kuma ci gaban gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;William&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Case |first=William |date=2008 |title=Malaysia in 2007: High Corruption and Low Opposition |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2008.48.1.47 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=47–54 |doi=10.1525/as.2008.48.1.47 |issn=0004-4687 |jstor=10.1525/as.2008.48.1.47}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maimakon haka, Abdullah ya juya zuwa ƙoƙarin sake fasalin al'adun siyasa a cikin ƙasar, yana gabatar da manufar Islama Hadhari, fassarar Islama mai matsakaici zuwa ci gaba wanda ke kira ga haƙuri na addini da zamani. Abu mafi mahimmanci, ya mallaki abin da ya kasance jigogi na Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Malaysia (PAS) na adawa na adalci na zamantakewa da daidaito na rarrabawa wanda ya taimaka musu samun nasarar zabe a kan UMNO a Babban zaben Malaysia na 1999. &lt;ref name=&quot;Bridget&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Welsh |first=Bridget |date=2005 |title=Malaysia in 2004: Out of Mahathir's Shadow? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2005.45.1.153 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=153–160 |doi=10.1525/as.2005.45.1.153 |issn=0004-4687 |jstor=10.1525/as.2005.45.1.153}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A fagen tattalin arziki, Malaysia ta sami ci gaban tattalin arziki a duk shekarun da Abdullah ya yi a ofis, amma hauhawar farashi ya kasance batun ci gaba. A karkashin gwamnatinsa, an kawo karshen ma'auni na Malaysian ringgit zuwa US Dollar a shekara ta 2005. Sashin aikin gona, wanda aka yi watsi da shi don tallafawa masana'antu da masana'antu, ya sami babban saka hannun jari daga gwamnatin Abdullah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lokacin da hauhawar farashi ya haifar da gwamnati ta rage tallafin man fetur a shekara ta 2006, an kaddamar da zanga-zangar tituna a matsayin martani. 'Yan sanda masu tayar da kayar baya sun watsar da su. Ƙarin shirye-shiryen sake fasalin tallafin gwamnati a fuskar hauhawar farashin man fetur a duniya sun fuskanci zargi kamar yadda Malaysia ta kasance a lokacin mai fitar da man fetur da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shirin Malaysia na tara da Abdullah ya ƙaddamar wanda ke rufe kuɗin gwamnati daga 2006 zuwa 2010 ya riƙe yawancin matakan nuna bambanci masu tsada da rarrabuwa da Sabon Manufar Tattalin Arziki ta gabatar.

== Daraja da kyaututtuka ==

=== Darajar Malaysia ===

* {{Flag|Malaysia}}
** [[Fayil:MY_Darjah_Yang_Mulia_Pangkuan_Negara_(Defender_of_the_Realm)_-_SMN.svg|50x50px]] Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (SMN) – '''Tun''' (2009)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Fayil:MY_Darjah_Yang_Mulia_Pangkuan_Negara_-_Officer_(K.M.N.).svg|50x50px]] Officer of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (KMN) (1975)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Fayil:MY_Darjah_Yang_Mulia_Pangkuan_Negara_(Defender_of_the_Realm)_-_SMN.svg|50x50px]] Member of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (AMN) (1971)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 April 2008 |title=Government moves to strengthen judiciary |url=https://www.malaysianbar.org.my/article/news/bar-news/news/government-moves-to-strengthen-judiciary |access-date=17 April 2025 |website=Malaysian Bar}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Fayil:MY_Pingat_Pertabalan_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_X_ribbon.png|50x50px]] Recipient of the 10th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal (1994){{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2025}}
** [[Fayil:Pingat_Pertabalan_Sultan_Salahuddin_Abdul_Aziz_Shah_Alhaj_YDPA_ke-11_Malaysia_1999.png|50x50px]] Recipient of the 11th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal (1999){{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2025}}
** [[Fayil:MY_Pingat_Pertabalan_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_XII_ribbon.svg|50x50px]] Recipient of the 12th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal (2002){{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2025}}
** [[Fayil:MY_Pingat_Pertabalan_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_XIII_ribbon.svg|50x50px]] Recipient of the 13th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal (2007){{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2025}}
** [[Fayil:MY_Pingat_Pertabalan_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_XIV_ribbon.svg|50x50px]] Recipient of the 14th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal (2012){{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2025}}
* {{Flag|Federal Territory (Malaysia)}}
** [[Fayil:MY-FED_Darjah_Mahkota_Wilayah_-_Grand_Knight_-_SUMW.svg|50x50px]] Grand Knight of the Order of the Territorial Crown (SUMW) – '''Datuk Seri Utama''' (2010)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Johor}}
** [[Fayil:Most_Esteemed_Royal_Family_Order_of_Johor_-_ribbon_bar.svg|50x50px]] First Class of the Royal Family Order of Johor (DK I) (2004)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Kedah}}
** [[Fayil:MY-KED_Kedah_Supreme_Order_of_Merit_(DUK).svg|50x50px]] Recipient of the Kedah Supreme Order of Merit (DUK) (2006)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 April 2008 |title=Government moves to strengthen judiciary |url=https://www.malaysianbar.org.my/article/news/bar-news/news/government-moves-to-strengthen-judiciary |access-date=17 April 2025 |website=Malaysian Bar}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Kelantan}}
** [[Fayil:MY-KEL_Royal_Family_Order_-_Star_of_Yunus_-_DK.svg|50x50px]] Recipient of the Royal Family Order of Kelantan (DK) (2006)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Malacca}}
** [[Fayil:MY-MAL_Exalted_Order_of_Malacca.svg|50x50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the Premier and Exalted Order of Malacca (DUNM) – '''Datuk Seri Utama''' (2004)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Negeri Sembilan}}
** [[Fayil:MY-NEG_Order_of_Loyalty_to_Negeri_Sembilan.svg|50x50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the Order of Loyalty to Negeri Sembilan (SPNS) – '''Dato' Seri Utama''' (2000)&lt;ref name=&quot;Darjah Negeri 2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pengurniaan Darjah Kebesaran Bergelar Tahun 2000 Mengikut Negeri. |url=http://www.istiadat.gov.my/v8/images/stories/DKBP_NEGERI_UPDATE/2000.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905083749/http://www.istiadat.gov.my/v8/images/stories/DKBP_NEGERI_UPDATE/2000.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2014 |access-date=1 August 2024 |publisher=[[Prime Minister's Department (Malaysia)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Pahang}}
** [[Fayil:MY-PAH_Family_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Indra_of_Pahang_-_DK_I.svg|50x50px]] Member 1st class of the Family Order of the Crown of Indra of Pahang (DK I) (2006)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 April 2008 |title=Government moves to strengthen judiciary |url=https://www.malaysianbar.org.my/article/news/bar-news/news/government-moves-to-strengthen-judiciary |access-date=17 April 2025 |website=Malaysian Bar}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Fayil:MY-PAH_Order_of_Sultan_Ahmad_Shah_of_Pahang_-_Grand_Knight_-_SSAP.svg|50x50px]] Knight Grand Companion of the Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang (SSAP) – '''Dato' Sri''' (1999)
* {{Flag|Penang}}
** [[Fayil:MY-PEN_Order_of_the_Defender_of_State_-_Knight_Grand_Commander_-_DUPN.svg|50x50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of State (DUPN) – '''Dato' Seri Utama''' (2004)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 April 2008 |title=Government moves to strengthen judiciary |url=https://www.malaysianbar.org.my/article/news/bar-news/news/government-moves-to-strengthen-judiciary |access-date=17 April 2025 |website=Malaysian Bar}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Fayil:MY-PEN_Order_of_the_Defender_of_State_-_Commander_-_DGPN.svg|50x50px]] Commander of the Order of the Defender of State (DGPN) – '''Dato' Seri''' (1997)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Fayil:MY-PEN_Order_of_the_Defender_of_State_-_Companion_-_DMPN.svg|50x50px]] Companion of the Order of the Defender of State (DMPN) – '''Dato'''' (1981)
** [[Fayil:MY-PEN_Order_of_the_Defender_of_State_-_Member_-_DJN.svg|50x50px]] Member of the Order of the Defender of State (DJN) (1979)
* {{Flag|Perak}}
** [[Fayil:MY-PERA_Perak_Family_Order_of_Sultan_Azlan_Shah_-_SPSA_(2000).svg|50x50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the Perak Family Order of Sultan Azlan Shah (SPSA) – '''Dato' Seri DiRaja''' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Fayil:MY-PERA_Sultan_Azlan_Shah_Silver_Jubilee_Medal_2009.png|50x50px]] Recipient of the Sultan Azlan Shah Silver Jubilee Medal (2009)
* {{Flag|Perlis}}
** [[Fayil:MY-PERL_Order_of_the_Gallant_Prince_Syed_Sirajuddin_Jamalullail_-_Knight_Grand_Companion_-_SSSJ.svg|50x50px]] Knight Grand Companion of the Order of the Gallant Prince Syed Sirajuddin Jamalullail (SSSJ) – '''Dato' Seri Diraja''' (2001)
** [[Fayil:MY-PERL_Tuanku_Syed_Sirajuddin_Jamalullail_Installation_Medal_2001.png|50x50px]] Recipient of the Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Jamalullail Installation Medal (2001)
* {{Flag|Sabah}}
** [[Fayil:MY-SAB_Order_of_Kinabalu_-_SPDK.svg|50x50px]] Grand Commander of the Order of Kinabalu (SPDK) – '''Datuk Seri Panglima''' (1999)
* {{Flag|Sarawak}}
** [[Fayil:MY-SAR_Order_of_the_Star_of_the_Hornbill_(Bintang_Kenyalang)_-_1._Knight_Grand_Commander_(DP).svg|50x50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak (DP) – '''Datuk Patinggi''' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Selangor}}
** [[Fayil:MY-SEL_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Selangor_-_Knight_Grand_Commander_-_SPMS.svg|50x50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor (SPMS) – '''Dato' Seri''' (2000)&lt;ref name=&quot;Darjah Negeri 2000&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Fayil:MY-SEL_Order_of_Sultan_Salahuddin_Abdul_Aziz_Shah_-_Knight_Companion_-_DSSA.svg|50x50px]] Knight Companion of the Order of Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah (DSSA) – '''Dato'''' (1992)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Fayil:MY-SEL_Coronation_Medal_2003.svg|50x50px]] Recipient of the Sultan Sharafuddin Coronation Medal (2003){{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2025}}
* {{Flag|Terengganu}}
** [[Fayil:MY-TER_Order_of_Sultan_Mizan_Zainal_Abidin_of_Terengganu_-_Supreme_class_-_SUMZ.svg|50x50px]] Supreme Class of the Order of Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (SUMZ) – '''Dato' Seri Utama''' (2005)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Tun Abdullah dianugerah Felo Intan |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2017/10/19/tun-abdullah-dianugerah-felo-intan/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Malaysia Gazette |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1939]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Steve Gukas</title>
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'''Steve Gukas''' Mai shirya fim-finai ne na [[Nollywood]],  [[Darakta|darektan]] kuma furodusa wanda ya yi imanin cewa ya kamata a yi amfani da fina-fakkaatu don magance matsalolin al'umma. 

== Ilimi ==
Gukas ta yi karatun samar da talabijin a Kwalejin NTA TV a [[Jos]], Fasaha ta Wasanni a [[Jami'ar Jos]] da samar da Fim a Makarantar Fim ta London, Ingila. 

== Ayyuka ==
Shi tsohon manajan darakta ne na gidan rediyo na Najeriya, WE FM . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Iwenwanne |first=Valentine |date=December 5, 2019 |title=SHE WANTS TO PREVENT NIGERIANS FROM BLEEDING TO DEATH |url=https://www.ozy.com/the-new-and-the-next/a-blood-donation-mobile-app-attacks-a-desperate-need/245064/ |access-date=October 26, 2020 |publisher=Ozy}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 2002, ya ba da umarnin fim din &quot;Keeping Faith&quot;. A shekara ta 2007, ya samar da fim din, &quot;Namibia: The Struggle for Liberation&quot;, wanda ke nuna ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka, Danny Glover;  shi ne aikinsa na farko. &lt;ref name=&quot;F&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Esene |first=Isime |date=September 24, 2016 |title=PODCAST: Why Steve Gukas is very afraid for the future of Nollywood, and why you should probably be scared too |url=https://ynaija.com/podcast-steve-gukas-afraid-future-nollywood-probably-scared/ |access-date=October 26, 2020 |publisher=YNaija}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2014, an saki fim din da ya shirya kuma ya samar, &quot;A Place in the Stars&quot;. An samar da fim din ne don girmama [[Dora Akunyili]], marigayi Darakta Janar na [[Hukumar Kula da Abinci da Magunguna ta Kasa|Hukumar Kula da Abinci da Magunguna ta Kasa (NAFDAC)]] , wanda ya yi yaƙi da samarwa, tallace-tallace da amfani da magunguna a Najeriya. Fim din ya fito da [[Segun Arinze]], [[Dejumo Lewis]], [[Matilda Obaseki]], [[Gideon Okeke]], [[Yemi Blaq]] da Femi Branch. Daga baya, a 2015 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards (AMVCA), fim din ya lashe kyautar Mafi Kyawun Movie (Drama). 

A cikin 2016, ya ba da umarnin fim din, &quot;93 Days&quot;, fim din da aka kirkira don tunawa da [[Ameyo Adadevoh|Dokta Stella Ameyo Adadevoh]], marigayi likitan Najeriya wanda tare da sauran ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], ya taimaka wajen dakatar da yaduwar [[Ebola virus|Kwayar cutar Ebola]] a Najeriya ta hanyar sadaukar da kanta ga aikin a cikin 2014. Fim din ya nuna 'yan wasan [[Nollywood]] da [[Bimbo Akintola]], [[Danny Glover]], [[Seun Ajayi]], Keppy Ekpeyong da [[Bimbo Manuel|Bimbo Manual]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Why '93 Days' is one of the most important movies ever made |url=http://venturesafrica.com/features/why-93-days-is-one-of-the-most-important-movies-ever-made/ |access-date=October 25, 2020 |publisher=Ventures Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Emma |date=April 4, 2020 |title=Plagues, zombies and vampires: How Hollywood handles deadly viruses |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-52149061 |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kazeem |first=Yomi |date=January 8, 2016 |title=A movie based on the life of Nigeria's Ebola heroine is getting flak from her family |url=https://qz.com/africa/587822/a-movie-based-on-the-life-of-nigerias-ebola-heroine-is-getting-flak-from-her-family/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=QuartzAfrica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fim din yana gudana a kan [[Netflix|NETFLIX]].   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okechukwu |first=Daniel |date=October 15, 2019 |title=EBOLA CRISIS-INSPIRED DRAMA '93 DAYS' IS COMING TO NETFLIX THIS OCTOBER |url=https://culturecustodian.com/ebola-crisis-inspired-drama-93-days-is-coming-to-netflix-this-october/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Culture Custodian}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okechukwu |first=Daniel |date=March 4, 2020 |title=The Best Nollywood Films Streaming on Netflix Right Now |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/the-best-nollywood-films-to-watch-on-netflix/?rebelltitem=5#rebelltitem5 |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Okay Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |date=March 30, 2020 |title=Your Netflix Bragging Rights List: 15 Must-See Films Hiding In Plain Sight |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/your-netflix-bragging-rights-list-15-must-see-films-hiding-in-plain-sight-2202931 |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=NDTV}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fim din, tare da wasu biyu (&quot;''[[Isokin|Isoken]]''&quot; da &quot;The Bridge&quot;) sune fina-finai na farko da za a nuna a cikin shirin &quot;''Nollywood a Hollywood''&quot; na farko.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2018 |title=Nollywood Shines Under the Hollywood Stars |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/03/27/1453401/0/en/Nollywood-Shines-Under-the-Hollywood-Stars.html |access-date=October 26, 2020 |publisher=Globe Newswire}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Claudia |date=March 27, 2020 |title=COVID-19: 'The Flu', 'Pandemic' and other coronavirus related films on Netflix |url=https://en.as.com/en/2020/03/27/other_sports/1585318242_776757.html |access-date=October 26, 2020 |publisher=En As}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Avinash |date=June 7, 2020 |title='Our films will make the world see why Africa is special' |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2020/jun/07/our-films-will-make-the-world-see-why-africa-is-special-the-delivery-boy-nodash-netflix-jammal-18805.html |access-date=October 26, 2020 |publisher=Cinema Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fim din ya fara ne a farkon watan Satumbar 2016 a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Toronto  da kuma bikin fina-fukkin kasa da kasa da Chicago. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Stein |first=Chris |date=September 15, 2016 |title=Outbreak Gets Nollywood Treatment |url=https://www.voanews.com/arts-culture/nigerias-ebola-outbreak-gets-nollywood-treatment |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815025022/https://www.voanews.com/arts-culture/nigerias-ebola-outbreak-gets-nollywood-treatment |archive-date=August 15, 2020 |access-date=October 26, 2020 |publisher=[[VOA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kuma samar da, &quot;Keeping The Faith&quot; da &quot;Mr. Johnson&quot;. Shi, kuma yana so ya yi fim a babban birnin Jihar Plateau na Najeriya, Jos . 

Ya kasance daga cikin masu tattaunawa a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Rapid Lion na Afirka ta Kudu na 2017 inda mahalarta suka tattauna halin yanzu da makomar fina-fakka na Afirka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 7, 2017 |title=African filmmakers discuss the state of African cinema |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/african-filmmakers-discuss-the-state-of-african-cinema |access-date=October 26, 2020 |publisher=Brand South Africa |archive-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029045536/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/african-filmmakers-discuss-the-state-of-african-cinema |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kasance mai haɗin gwiwar fim din wanda ya haifar da [[Nollywood]] na Najeriya, mai taken &quot;Living in Bondage&quot;,  wanda aka samar da shi a shekarar 1992, wanda a cewar [[Ramsey Nouah]], darektan fim din da kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo dangane da Gukas, yana da &quot;sunan yin manyan ayyukan&quot;. Fim din ya nuna 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar [[Kenneth Okonkwo]], [[Kanayo O. Kanayo]] da [[Bob-Manuel Udokwu]], [[Enyinna Nwigwe]] da [[Kalu Ikeagwu]].

== Kwarewa/Aiki ==
Ya kasance tsohon manajan darakta ne na gidan rediyo na Najeriya, WE FM . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Iwenwanne |first=Valentine |date=December 5, 2019 |title=SHE WANTS TO PREVENT NIGERIANS FROM BLEEDING TO DEATH |url=https://www.ozy.com/the-new-and-the-next/a-blood-donation-mobile-app-attacks-a-desperate-need/245064/ |access-date=October 26, 2020 |publisher=Ozy}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 2002, ya ba da umarnin fim din &quot;Keeping Faith&quot;. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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'''East Peoria''' Wani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka'''
&lt;ref&gt;East Peoria Elementary School District 86
https://www.epd86.org
East Peoria Elementary School District 86 | Home&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Census.gov
https://www.census.gov › quickfacts
U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: East Peoria city, Illinois&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Facebook
https://m.facebook.com › EPCityGo...
East Peoria - City Government&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Tripadvisor
https://www.tripadvisor.com › Tour...
East Peoria, IL 2023: Best Places to Visit&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;East Peoria Chamber of Commerce
https://www.epcc.org
East Peoria Chamber of Commerce: Home&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Wikipedia
https://en.m.wikipedia.org › wiki
East Peoria, Illinois&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;City of East Peoria
https://www.cityofeastpeoria.com
City of East Peoria&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;309&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;... 
Wikipedia&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}

Several years after Illinois became a state (which happened December 18, 1818), William Blanchard and three other men (Charles Sargeant, Theodore Sargeant, and David Barnes) crossed Fort Clark (located in Peoria) to the eastern side of the Illinois River.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=The Centennial History of East Peoria |publisher=East Peoria Centennial Commission |year=1984 |editor-last=LaKemper |editor-first=Daniel A. |page=6}}&lt;/ref&gt; The land here was a swampy [[floodplain]]; nevertheless, they made their claim on the land and built huts, growing corn and tomatoes in the fertile soil. This settlement was originally named &quot;Fondulac Township&quot;, with ''fondulac'' meaning &quot;bottom of the lake&quot; in [[French language|French]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=fond du lac - Translation into English - examples French {{!}} Reverso Context |url=https://context.reverso.net/translation/french-english/fond+du+lac |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=context.reverso.net |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Over the course of a few years, more settlers arrived. Jacob L. Wilson, Thomas Camelin, and a man simply known as &quot;Donohue&quot; established themselves in the new township, with Wilson eventually becoming the [[Justice of the peace|Justice of the Peace]].

On June 14, 1855, a petition to plat the Town of Fondulac was filed with Tenth Judicial Circuit Court by Seth Abbott. This plat showed three streets—Mill Street, Main Street, and Depot Avenue—in addition to a [[sawmill]], a cording mill, and a portion of the Peoria &amp; Oquawka Railroad. By 1857, the Peoria &amp; Oquawka Railroad was completed as far east as Chenoa, and the town received and sent farm products by rail. In February 1864, an additional plat of land was laid out for a town named &quot;Bluetown&quot; by William C. Cleveland, who was the Tazewell County [[Surveying|Surveyor]]. This plat showed four streets: Peoria Street, Bloomington Street, Vine Street, and Sycamore Street. The petition for this plat was filed by Joseph Schertz and accepted April 1, 1864. The origins of the name &quot;Bluetown&quot; are claimed to be from Joseph Schertz, who &quot;always wore blue smocks at their work.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;LaKemper, Daniel A., ed. (1984). ''The Centennial History of East Peoria''. East Peoria Centennial Commission. p.&amp;nbsp;7.&lt;/ref&gt;

On July 1, 1884, citizens of both Fondulac and Bluetown held a referendum at the public school to propose both towns be incorporated as one. This proposition passed by a vote of 30–12, and the two towns were merged into the Village of Hilton. There is no official origin behind the new name, but there is a connection with the w at the eastern end of town.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=President |first=Frank Borror East Peoria Historical Society |title=Four Corners: East Peoria formerly known as Bluetown |url=https://www.pjstar.com/story/opinion/2016/06/14/four-corners-east-peoria-formerly/27661260007/ |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=Peoria Journal Star |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; On August 4, the first village Board of Trustees was elected. Nicholas Slagle was named the first president, and he appointed Thomas J. Floyd and Joseph Moseman as the village [[clerk]] and [[treasurer]], respectively. Peter Schertz, H.F. Cappo, J.G. Vogelgesang, Samuel Allen Sr., and Edward Lange Sr. were elected to the board as well.&lt;ref&gt;LaKemper, Daniel A., ed. (1984). ''The Centennial History of East Peoria''. East Peoria Centennial Commission. p.&amp;nbsp;9.&lt;/ref&gt;

The village existed as Hilton for five years. In October, 1889, the name was changed to the &quot;Village of East Peoria&quot;, since it was east of the city of Peoria. The name underwent a final change in April 1919, when it became the &quot;City of East Peoria&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=East Peoria History {{!}} East Peoria, IL |url=https://www.cityofeastpeoria.com/306/East-Peoria-History#:~:text=The%20vote,%2030%20to%2012,government%20adopted%20in%20April%201919. |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=www.cityofeastpeoria.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Loko, Nasarawa</title>
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[[Fayil:Kano State collage.png|thumb|Kano loko]]
'''Loko''' gari ne, a [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|ƙaramar hukumar]] [[Nasarawa (Nasarawa)|Nasarawa]] a [[Nasarawa|Jihar Nasarawa]] a yankin tsakiyar bel ko shiyyar Arewa ta tsakiya a [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]]. Ana samunsa a bakin [[Benue (kogi)|kogin Benue]]. Garin dai karamin tashar jiragen ruwa ne, kusa da [[Benue (kogi)|kogin benue]], domin jigilar kayayyakin da ake fitarwa, zuwa gabashi da yammacin [[Najeriya]]. {{Stub}} 

==Manazarta==

The main ethnic groups and the inhabitants of Loko town, are the Bassa, [[Idoma people|Agatu]], [[Ebira people|Igbira]], Afo. Others are [[Nupe people|Nupe]], [[Hausa people|Hausa]] and [[Kanuri people|Kanuri]].

== Commercial Activities ==
The main activities engaged by the inhabitants of Loko town are farming and fishing.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|7|59|51|N|7|49|52|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Populated places in Nasarawa State]]


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  <page>
    <title>Shannon Grant</title>
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'''Shannon Grant''' (an haife shi 19 Afrilu 1977) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙa'idar Australiya wanda ya kasance ɗan wasan tsakiya a cikin AFL . Ya fara, aikinsa a Sydney Swans a cikin 1995 kafin ya koma Kangaroos a 1998 kuma ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar firimiya ta 1999, wanda kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta Norm Smith don mafi kyawun ƙasa. A cikin 1996, a zahiri ya yi wasa da North Melbourne a Grand Final, yana wasa a gefen rashin nasara na Sydney.

A cikin kakar 2005, Grant ya shiga cikin nasarori masu yawa na dawowa daga Kangaroos. Na farko ya kasance a zagaye na 2 a kan Sydney Swans, a Manuka Oval . Sakamakon maki 17 a lokacin kwata na 3, Grant da abokan wasansa sun tashi tare da Grant ya zura kwallaye uku don taimakawa Roos zuwa nasara mai gamsarwa. Makon mai zuwa da St Kilda, Roos ya sake tashi daga mai girgiza kwata na 3, yana biye da St Kilda mai matukar sha'awar wanda bai yi rashin nasara ba a filin wasa na Docklands tun 2003. Grant ya sake zura kwallaye hudu a cikin kwata na karshe don doke Saints da maki bakwai (100 zuwa 93). A zagaye na 19, 'yan wasan Kangaroo sun biye mata da ci uku da minti hudu a fafata da Collingwood a Telstra Dome.

Grant ya sanar da yin ritaya a ranar 26 ga Agusta 2008. A ranar Asabar mai zuwa, ya buga wasa na 300 na rayuwarsa.  Wasansa na 301 kuma na karshe na wasan kwallon kafa na AFL shi ne wasan karshe na kawar da tsohon kulob dinsa, Sydney Swans, a filin wasa na ANZ da ke Sydney, wanda Kangaroos ya yi rashin nasara da maki 35. 'Yan wasan Sydney da na Arewacin Melbourne sun yi wa Grant murna yayin da ya bar kasa a karon karshe.

Grant ya horar da Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Frankston na kaka daya a Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Victoria (VFL) a cikin 2009.

A karshen kakar wasa ta 2009, an nada shi kocin Bendigo Bombers na gwagwarmaya don 2010, shima a cikin VFL.

Grant ya shiga kwamitin horarwa na Western Bulldogs a matsayin mataimakin koci na 2012 bayan shekaru biyu a Essendon.

A cikin 2015, Grant ya horar da babbar ƙungiyar a Greenvale Football Club a cikin Essendon District Football League . Tawagar ta taka leda a babban wasan karshe, ta yi rashin nasara a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Aberfeldie .

A watan Yunin 2018, an yankewa Grant hukuncin daurin watanni shida a gidan yari saboda cin zarafin tsohon abokin zamansa.  An soke hukuncin ne bisa daukaka kara, kuma an umarce shi da ya kammala hidimar al'umma na sa'o'i 200. 

== Kididdigar wasa ==

: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://afltables.com/afl/stats/players/S/Shannon_Grant.html |title=Shannon Grant's player profile at AFL Tables |access-date=2023-08-16 |archive-date=2015-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226122441/http://afltables.com/afl/stats/players/S/Shannon_Grant.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Australian rules football statistics legend|p=y}} 

== Daraja da nasarori ==
'''Tawaga'''

* '''Dan wasan Premier na AFL ( North Melbourne / Kangaroos )''' : 1999
* '''Kofin McClelland ( Sydney )''' : 1996
* '''Kofin McClelland ( North Melbourne )''' : 1998

'''Mutum'''

* '''Medal na Norm Smith''' : 1999
* '''Syd Barker Medal''' : 2001
* '''Ƙungiyar Australiya''' : 2005
* '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya ta Australiya''' : 2005
* '''Dan takarar AFL Rising Star''' : 1996 (Zagaye na 6)

== Nassoshi ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* Shannon Grant's playing statistics from AFL Tables
{{1999 Kangaroos premiership players}}{{Norm Smith Medal}}{{Syd Barker Medal}}{{2005 All-Australian team}}{{2005 Australian international rules team}}
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
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    <title>Vejalpur</title>
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'''Vejalpur''' birni ne a Sabon Yankin Yamma na babban birni na Ahmedabad a cikin jihar Gujarat ta [[Indiya]].

A ƙidayar Jama'a ta Indiya ta shekarar 2001 Vejalpur tana da yawan jama'a 113,304. Maza sune kashi 52% na yawan jama'a da mata 48%. Vejalpur yana da matsakaicin adadin karatu na 80%, sama da matsakaicin ƙasa na 59.5%: ilimin maza shine 84%, kuma ilimin mata shine 77%. A Vejalpur, 11% na yawan jama'ar ƙasa da shekaru 6 ne.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns  (Provisional)|accessdate=2026-01-08|publisher= Census Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}

=
Vejalpur (Gujarat) is geographically located at latitude (23.006145 degrees) 23°00'22.1&quot; North of the Equator and longitude (72.516488 degrees) 72°30'59.4&quot; East of the Prime Meridian on the Map of the world.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns  (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vejalpur had a population of 113,304. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Vejalpur has an average literacy rate of 80%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 77%. In Vejalpur, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Prominent Political Names from Vejalpur==

* [[Madhubhai Thakor]] - BJP Leader Former Cabinet Minister Government of Gujarat 
*Raju Thakor - AMC Dandak
*Kalpesh Patel - Senior Leader, Indian National Congress (INC)
*Mahesh Ramabhai Thakor, President and Youth Congress Leader(IYC)
*Paresh Waghela(Lawyer) - Senior Congress(INC)leader And an Elected Member of Bar Council Of Gujarat
*Mihir Shah - Senior Congress Leader


Vejalpur is declared as independent assembly constituency. Vejalpur, Jodhpur, Maktampura and Sarkhej are the Four Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation ward of vejalpur assembly. Vejalpur One Of the Assembly Of Gandhinagar Legislative Assembly

==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Ahmedabad]]


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'''Vejalpur''' birni ne a Sabon Yankin Yamma na babban birni na Ahmedabad a cikin jihar Gujarat ta [[Indiya]].

A ƙidayar Jama'a ta Indiya ta shekarar 2001 Vejalpur tana da yawan jama'a 113,304. Maza sune kashi 52% na yawan jama'a da mata 48%. Vejalpur yana da matsakaicin adadin karatu na 80%, sama da matsakaicin ƙasa na 59.5%: ilimin maza shine 84%, kuma ilimin mata shine 77%. A Vejalpur, 11% na yawan jama'ar ƙasa da shekaru 6 ne.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns  (Provisional)|accessdate=2026-01-08|publisher= Census Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}

=
Vejalpur (Gujarat) is geographically located at latitude (23.006145 degrees) 23°00'22.1&quot; North of the Equator and longitude (72.516488 degrees) 72°30'59.4&quot; East of the Prime Meridian on the Map of the world.
      =GJ 
| website                 = {{URL|gujaratindia.com}} 
| footnotes               = 
}}
'''Vejalpur''' is a Census Town in the New West Zone of the metropolitan city of [[Ahmedabad]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Gujarat]].

==Geography==
Vejalpur (Gujarat) is geographically located at latitude (23.006145 degrees) 23°00'22.1&quot; North of the Equator and longitude (72.516488 degrees) 72°30'59.4&quot; East of the Prime Meridian on the Map of the world.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns  (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vejalpur had a population of 113,304. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Vejalpur has an average literacy rate of 80%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 77%. In Vejalpur, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Prominent Political Names from Vejalpur==

* [[Madhubhai Thakor]] - BJP Leader Former Cabinet Minister Government of Gujarat 
*Raju Thakor - AMC Dandak
*Kalpesh Patel - Senior Leader, Indian National Congress (INC)
*Mahesh Ramabhai Thakor, President and Youth Congress Leader(IYC)
*Paresh Waghela(Lawyer) - Senior Congress(INC)leader And an Elected Member of Bar Council Of Gujarat
*Mihir Shah - Senior Congress Leader


Vejalpur is declared as independent assembly constituency. Vejalpur, Jodhpur, Maktampura and Sarkhej are the Four Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation ward of vejalpur assembly. Vejalpur One Of the Assembly Of Gandhinagar Legislative Assembly

==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Ahmedabad]]


{{Ahmedabad-geo-stub}}

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns  (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vejalpur had a population of 113,304. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Vejalpur has an average literacy rate of 80%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 77%. In Vejalpur, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Prominent Political Names from Vejalpur==

* [[Madhubhai Thakor]] - BJP Leader Former Cabinet Minister Government of Gujarat 
*Raju Thakor - AMC Dandak
*Kalpesh Patel - Senior Leader, Indian National Congress (INC)
*Mahesh Ramabhai Thakor, President and Youth Congress Leader(IYC)
*Paresh Waghela(Lawyer) - Senior Congress(INC)leader And an Elected Member of Bar Council Of Gujarat
*Mihir Shah - Senior Congress Leader


Vejalpur is declared as independent assembly constituency. Vejalpur, Jodhpur, Maktampura and Sarkhej are the Four Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation ward of vejalpur assembly. Vejalpur One Of the Assembly Of Gandhinagar Legislative Assembly

==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Ahmedabad]]


{{Ahmedabad-geo-stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Campo</title>
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[[Fayil:Fleuve_Ntem,_région_du_sud_Cameroun_(forêt_tropicale).jpg|alt=|thumb|238x238px|Kogin Ntem, Kamaru]]
Kogin Campo (Spanish: ''Rio Campo'', Faransanci: Rivière Ntem) ko ''Kogin Ntem'' wani kogi ne na iyaka a [[Kamaru]], yankin [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]] da [[Gabon]] . Ya tashi a Gabon, kuma yana gudana '''Filin''' [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] a Kamaru a cikin [[Stuburi na Biafra|Bight na Biafra]] .

== Garuruwa ==

* Filin
* Minvoul, Gabon

[[Fayil:Fleuve_Ntem.jpg|thumb|Dam a Kogin Ntem]]

==Manazarta==</text>
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    <title>Kogin Sarasa</title>
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'''Kogin Sarasa kogi''' ne dake united a jihar Guam wanda yake yankin Amurka. 
{{Stub}}

== Nassoshi ==
{{Reflist}}
Kogin Sarasa

Kogin Sarasa (Turanci: Sarasa River) kogi ne da ke cikin Guam, tsibirin da yake ƙarƙashin ikon Tarayyar Amurka a yammacin Tekun Pasifik. Kogin yana cikin yankin Talofofo, kuma yana daga cikin tsarin magudanar ruwan Talofofo (Talofofo watershed).

Wuri

Kogin Sarasa yana kusa da garin Talofofo a kudancin Guam. Bayanai daga USGS sun nuna cewa tashar lura da kogin tana a kusan 13°20′25″ arewa, 144°44′14″ yamma, a tsarin ma'aunin NAD83. Yankin da tashar ke kula da shi yana da magudanar ruwa mai faɗin kusan mil murabba'i 1.01.

Wani tsohon rahoton USGS ya bayyana tashar Sarasa River a matsayin wadda take kusan ƙafa 300 ƙasa da gadar babbar hanyar Route 4, kuma kusan mil 1.8 kudu da makarantar Talofofo. Rahoton ya kuma nuna cewa tashar tana kusan ƙafa 50 sama da wurin da Kogin Sarasa yake shiga Kogin Talofofo.

Dangantakarsa da Kogin Talofofo

Kogin Sarasa yana cikin Talofofo watershed, ɗaya daga cikin manyan tsarin magudanar ruwa na Guam. Wani binciken da aka gudanar a yankin Talofofo ya nuna cewa Rafin Malaja (Malaja Stream) yana shiga Kogin Sarasa, sannan Kogin Sarasa ya haɗu da Kogin Talofofo.

Wannan yana nuna cewa Sarasa ba kogi ne mai zaman kansa daga tsarin Talofofo ba, amma wani muhimmin ɓangare ne na tsarin rafuka da kogunan da suke tattara ruwan saman wannan yanki.

Tsawon kogin

Bayanan Guam Environmental Protection Agency na shekarun 2022–2024 sun lissafa Kogin Sarasa a matsayin sassa biyu:

- Sarasa River 1: tsawon tashar ruwa kusan mil 0.05.
- Sarasa River 2: tsawon tashar ruwa kusan mil 2.25.

Dukkan waɗannan sassan suna cikin Talofofo watershed kuma an sanya su cikin rukunin RIVER-S2.

Saboda haka, bai dace a ɗauki mil 2.25 a matsayin tabbataccen jimillar tsawon dukkan tsarin Kogin Sarasa ba tare da ƙarin bayani ba, domin hukumar ta rarraba kogin zuwa sassa daban-daban.

Aikin binciken ruwa

United States Geological Survey (USGS) ta taɓa kafa tashar lura da ruwa a Kogin Sarasa kusa da Talofofo. Lambar tashar ita ce 16852000, mai suna Sarasa River near Talofofo, Guam. Tashar tana cikin tsarin bayanan ruwa na USGS Pacific Islands Water Science Center.

Bayanan tarihi na USGS sun nuna cewa an riga an yi ma'aunin ruwan Kogin Sarasa tun a shekarun baya. Wani kundin USGS na bayanan ruwan saman Guam ya jera Sarasa River near Talofofo da lambar tashar 16852000, tare da yankin magudanar ruwa mai girman mil murabba'i 1.01.

Muhimmancin tsarin Talofofo

Kogin Sarasa yana cikin yankin Talofofo, wanda yake da muhimmiyar hanyar tattara ruwan saman kudancin Guam. Wani binciken USGS kan kwararar ruwa da jigilar laka a kudancin Guam ya yi nazari kan tsarin kogunan Talofofo, Ylig da Ugum. Binciken ya nuna cewa tsarin Talofofo yana daga cikin manyan kwandunan magudanar ruwa na kudancin tsibirin.

A yankin Talofofo, koguna da rafuka suna da alaƙa da yanayin ƙasa mai tuddai da kwaruruka. Binciken yankin ya nuna cewa kogunan yankin suna da gabaɗaya alkiblar arewa maso gabas kafin su shiga manyan hanyoyin ruwa.

Rarrabawa da kula da muhalli

Guam EPA tana saka Kogin Sarasa cikin kundin koguna da rafuka na Guam. A bayanan tantance ruwa na 2022–2024, an nuna cewa:

- Sarasa River 1 yana da mil 0.05 na tashar ruwa.
- Sarasa River 2 yana da mil 2.25.
- Dukansu suna cikin Talofofo watershed.
- An sanya su cikin rukunin ruwa RIVER-S2.
- A wannan kundin, an nuna cewa babu daga cikin waɗannan mil ɗin da aka tantance a matsayin assessed miles a cikin bayanan da aka bayar.

Tarihin binciken kogin

Kogin Sarasa ya bayyana a cikin bayanan binciken ruwa na USGS tun aƙalla tsakiyar ƙarni na 20. Wani kundin USGS ya jera tashar Sarasa River near Talofofo (16852000) tare da wasu tashoshin lura da kogunan Guam. Wannan ya nuna cewa an dade ana tattara bayanan ruwa game da kogin da yankin Talofofo.

Takaitaccen bayani

Suna: Kogin Sarasa (Sarasa River)
Wuri: Guam, ƙarƙashin Tarayyar Amurka
Yanki: Talofofo
Kwandar magudanar ruwa: Talofofo watershed
Kogin da yake shiga: Kogin Talofofo
Rafi mai shiga cikinsa: Malaja Stream
Lambar tashar USGS: 16852000
Yankin magudanar tashar USGS: mil murabba'i 1.01
Sarasa River 1: mil 0.05
Sarasa River 2: mil 2.25
Tsarin ruwa na EPA: RIVER-S2

Nassoshi

1. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) — Sarasa River near Talofofo, Guam, tashar 16852000.
2. Guam Environmental Protection Agency — 2022–2024 Guam Assessment Data: Rivers-Streams.
3. U.S. Geological Survey — Reconnaissance Study of Stream Sedimentation, Southern Guam.
4. Guam Bureau of Statistics and Plans — binciken tsarin magudanar ruwa na yankin Talofofo.</text>
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    <title>Rahoton kari na IPCC, 1992</title>
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{{Databox}}

An buga '''ƙarin rahoton [[Kungiyar gwamnatoci a kan Canjin Yanayi|IPCC]]''' na 1992 don bada gudummawa ga muhawara kan Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi, a taron duniya na 1992 da aka gudanar a [[Rio de Janeiro]].

Rahoton ya sabunta kuma ya sake duba wasu daga cikin bayanan da ke ƙunshe acikin Rahoton Ƙididdigar Farko na IPCC, kuma ya haɗada sababbin sauyin yanayi guda shida, ciki harda sabuntawa na yanayin 1990.

Babban ƙarshe shine bincike tun 1990 &quot;bai shafi ainihin fahimtar kimiyyar tasirin greenhouse ba kuma ko dai tabbatarwa ko kuma bada hujjar canza manyan abubuwan da aka yanke na farko na kima na IPCC na farko ba&quot;. An lura cewa simulations na wucin gadi {dogara}, waɗanda suka kasance na farko sosai acikin FAR, yanzu an inganta su, amma ba su haɗada canje-canjen aerosol ko ozone ba.

== Duba kuma ==

* Gujewa Canjin Yanayi Mai Haɗari - taron ƙasa da ƙasa (2005)
* Ayyukan mutum da na siyasa akan sauyin yanayi
* Ayyukan kasuwanci akan sauyin yanayi
* Manufar makamashi
* Kiyaye makamashi
* Samfurin yanayi na duniya
* [[Tsarin taka Tsantsan|Ka'idar taka tsantsan]]
* Albarkatun makamashi na duniya da amfani

== Ƙara karantawa ==

* Canjin Yanayi 1992: Rahoton Ƙarin IPCC; masu gyara: JT Houghton, BA Callander da SK Varney; Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge; 1992
* IPCC Publications / Rahotanni: 1992 Ƙarin Rahotanni (shafukan da ke da alaƙa zuwa PDFs na sassan):
** [http://archive.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_ipcc_supplementary_report_1992_wg1.shtml Ƙarin Rahoton zuwa Ƙididdigar Kimiyya ta IPCC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003193848/https://archive.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_ipcc_supplementary_report_1992_wg1.shtml |date=2023-10-03 }}
** [http://archive.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_ipcc_supplementary_report_1992_wg2.shtml Ƙarin Rahoton zuwa Ƙididdigar Tasirin Tasirin IPCC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409163303/https://archive.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_ipcc_supplementary_report_1992_wg2.shtml |date=2023-04-09 }}
** [http://archive.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_ipcc_90_92_assessments_far.shtml Ƙididdigar IPCC 1990 da 1992] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205084111/https://archive.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_ipcc_90_92_assessments_far.shtml |date=2023-12-05 }}

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Kogin Morondava</title>
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To 

Kogin '''Morondava''' a yankin Menabe, yana yammacin [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]].Ya kuma samo asali ne daga Makay Massif kuma yana gudana zuwa arewa maso yamma zuwa cikin [[Tekun Indiya]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.hydrosciences.fr/sierem/Bibliotheque/biblio/monographies/Fleuves%20et%20rivières%20de%20Madagascar.pdf Fleuves &amp; Rivières de Madagascar]&lt;/ref&gt; kusa da garin mai suna: Morondava.

== Dams ==

* [[Dabara dam]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Le périmètre irrigué de Dabara : un potentiel économique mal exploité |url=http://www.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/articles_publiables-85-93.pdf |access-date=2023-10-08 |archive-date=2022-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618135034/http://www.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/articles_publiables-85-93.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nassoshi ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Paul Dakeyo</title>
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'''Paul Dakeyo''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1948) marubuci&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.arcpublications.co.uk/writers/paul-dakeyo &quot;Paul Dakeyo (Cameroon)&quot;], Arc Publications.&lt;/ref&gt; ɗan [[Kamaru|ƙasar Kamaru]] [[Faransa|ne]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Black Paris&quot;&gt;Bennetta Jules-Rosette, [https://books.google.com/books?id=YW03E8rBBLMC&amp;q=%22Paul+Dakeyo%22+-wikipedia&amp;pg=PA107 &quot;Interview: Paul Dakeyo, Paris, September 11, 1989&quot;], ''Black Paris: The African Writers' Landscape'', University of Illinois Press, 1998, pp. 107–12.&lt;/ref&gt; 

An haifi Dakeyo a Bafoussam, Kamaru. A cikin shekara ta 1969 ya koma [[Faris|Paris]], inda a cikin shekara ta 1980 ya kafa gidan bugawa Éditions Silex, daga baya Nouvelles du Sud..&lt;ref&gt;Jules-Rosette (1998), p. 105.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ayyuka ==

* ''Chant d'acusation'', 1976
* ''La femme où j'ai mal'', 1989
* ''Les ombres de la nuit'', 1994
* ''Moroni, Cet Exil'', 2002

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1948]]</text>
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'''Paul Dakeyo''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1948) marubuci&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.arcpublications.co.uk/writers/paul-dakeyo &quot;Paul Dakeyo (Cameroon)&quot;], Arc Publications.&lt;/ref&gt; ɗan [[Kamaru|ƙasar Kamaru]] [[Faransa|ne]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Black Paris&quot;&gt;Bennetta Jules-Rosette, [https://books.google.com/books?id=YW03E8rBBLMC&amp;q=%22Paul+Dakeyo%22+-wikipedia&amp;pg=PA107 &quot;Interview: Paul Dakeyo, Paris, September 11, 1989&quot;], ''Black Paris: The African Writers' Landscape'', University of Illinois Press, 1998, pp. 107–12.&lt;/ref&gt; 

An haifi Dakeyo a Bafoussam, Kamaru. A cikin shekara ta 1969 ya kuma koma [[Faris|Paris]], inda a cikin shekara ta 1980 ya kafa gidan bugawa Éditions Silex, daga baya Nouvelles du Sud..&lt;ref&gt;Jules-Rosette (1998), p. 105.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ayyuka ==

* ''Chant d'acusation'', 1976
* ''La femme où j'ai mal'', 1989
* ''Les ombres de la nuit'', 1994
* ''Moroni, Cet Exil'', 2002

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1948]]</text>
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    <title>Restless City</title>
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      <comment>An kirkira ta fassara &quot;Plot&quot; daga shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341443700|Restless City]]&quot;</comment>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vevent&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above summary&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;&quot; |Birni mara kwanciyar hankali
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Restless_City.jpg|frameless]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;Hoton talla&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |An ba da umarni daga
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Andrew Dosunmu]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Rubuce-rubuce
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Eugene M. Gussenhoven
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |An samar da shi ta hanyar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Katie MustardMatt ParkerDavid Raymond[[Tony Okungbowa]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Fitowa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Sy AlassaneSky Nicole Grey[[Tony Okungbowa]] Gira&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Danai Gurira|Danai zai so]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Hotuna
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Bradford Young]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |An shirya shi ta hanyar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Oriana Soddu
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Kamfanin samarwa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;Clam Prods&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |An rarraba ta hanyar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[ARRAY|AFFRM]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;&quot;&gt;Ranar fitarwa&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist film-date&quot;&gt;
* Janairu 23, 2011 &lt;span style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated itvstart&quot;&gt;2011-01-23&lt;/span&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; (Sundance) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x20;
* Afrilu 27, 2012 &lt;span style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated itvstart&quot;&gt;2012-04-27&lt;/span&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; (Amurka) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x20;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;&quot;&gt;Lokacin gudu&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Minti 90
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Kasar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Amurka
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Harsuna
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Turanci da Faransanci&lt;br /&gt;
|}
'''''Restless City''''' is a 2011 independent drama film written by Eugene M. Gussenhoven and directed by [[Andrew Dosunmu]]. It stars Sy Alassane, Sky Nicole Grey, [[Tony Okungbowa]], [[Stephen Tyrone Williams]], and Danai Gurira. The film premiered on January 23, 2011, at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival and received a limited release in the United States on April 27, 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFFRM&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Restless City |url=http://www.affrm.com/restless-city/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613182948/http://www.affrm.com/restless-city/ |archive-date=June 13, 2012 |access-date=26 April 2023 |website=[[AFFRM]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Makirci ==
Djibril, wani matashi dan kasar Senegal, yana kokarin yin rayuwa a kan titunan [[Harlem]] a New York. Wani mawaƙi mai son, yana fatan wata rana ya sami [[Recording contract|yarjejeniyar rikodin]], amma bayan shekaru huɗu a Amurka har yanzu yana rayuwa tare ta hanyar sayar da [[CD|CDs]] a kan titi da kuma yin wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin mai aikawa tare da taimakon moped dinsa. Don tara isasshen kuɗi don yin kundi, Djibril ya yarda ya yi aiki ga Bekay, mai [[Procuring (prostitution)|karuwanci]] da mai ba da rance. Manufar Djilbri ta cika mafarkinsa ta katse lokacin da ya sadu da Trini, karuwa da ke aiki ga Bekay. Djibril ya yi hadari ga komai don ceton Trini daga rayuwarta mara kyau.
 

== Plot ==


Manufar Djilbri ta cika burinsa ta katse lokacin da ya haɗu da Trini, wata karuwa da ke aiki a Bekay.

== Plot ==


Manufar Djilbri ta cika burinsa ta katse lokacin da ya haɗu da Trini, wata karuwa da ke aiki a Bekay.

== Plot ==


Manufar Djilbri ta cika burinsa ta katse lokacin da ya haɗu da Trini, karuwa da ke aiki a madadin Bekay.</text>
      <sha1>3lub2escx9yg31rvr375xpqy4l01um3</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>893032</id>
      <parentid>893030</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:12:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
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      <text bytes="4626" sha1="rfwlb8xn0xmyuy2539l7teyiyuwe14v" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

{| class=&quot;infobox vevent&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above summary&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;&quot; |Birni mara kwanciyar hankali
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Restless_City.jpg|frameless]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;Hoton talla&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |An ba da umarni daga
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Andrew Dosunmu]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Rubuce-rubuce
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Eugene M. Gussenhoven
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |An samar da shi ta hanyar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Katie MustardMatt ParkerDavid Raymond[[Tony Okungbowa]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Fitowa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Sy AlassaneSky Nicole Grey[[Tony Okungbowa]] Gira&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Danai Gurira|Danai zai so]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Hotuna
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Bradford Young]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |An shirya shi ta hanyar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Oriana Soddu
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Kamfanin samarwa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;Clam Prods&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |An rarraba ta hanyar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[ARRAY|AFFRM]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;&quot;&gt;Ranar fitarwa&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist film-date&quot;&gt;
* Janairu 23, 2011 &lt;span style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated itvstart&quot;&gt;2011-01-23&lt;/span&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; (Sundance) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x20;
* Afrilu 27, 2012 &lt;span style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated itvstart&quot;&gt;2012-04-27&lt;/span&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; (Amurka) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x20;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;&quot;&gt;Lokacin gudu&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Minti 90
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Kasar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Amurka
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Harsuna
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Turanci da Faransanci&lt;br /&gt;
|}
'''''Restless City''''' is a 2011 independent drama film written by Eugene M. Gussenhoven and directed by [[Andrew Dosunmu]]. It stars Sy Alassane, Sky Nicole Grey, [[Tony Okungbowa]], [[Stephen Tyrone Williams]], and Danai Gurira. The film premiered on January 23, 2011, at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival and received a limited release in the United States on April 27, 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFFRM&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Restless City |url=http://www.affrm.com/restless-city/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613182948/http://www.affrm.com/restless-city/ |archive-date=June 13, 2012 |access-date=26 April 2023 |website=[[AFFRM]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Makirci ==
Djibril, wani matashi dan kasar Senegal, yana ƙoƙarin yin rayuwa a kan titunan [[Harlem]] a New York. Wani mawaƙi mai son, yana fatan wata rana ya sami [[Recording contract|yarjejeniyar rikodin]], amma bayan shekaru huɗu a Amurka har yanzu yana rayuwa tare ta hanyar sayar da [[CD|CDs]] a kan titi da kuma yin wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin mai aikawa tare da taimakon moped dinsa. Don tara isasshen kuɗi don yin kundi, Djibril ya yarda ya yi aiki ga Bekay, mai [[Procuring (prostitution)|karuwanci]] da mai ba da rance. Manufar Djilbri ta cika mafarkinsa ta katse lokacin da ya sadu da Trini, karuwa da ke aiki ga Bekay. Djibril ya yi hadari ga komai don ceton Trini daga rayuwarta mara kyau.
 

== Plot ==


Manufar Djilbri ta cika burinsa ta katse lokacin da ya haɗu da Trini, wata karuwa da ke aiki a Bekay.

== Plot ==


Manufar Djilbri ta cika burinsa ta katse lokacin da ya haɗu da Trini, wata karuwa da ke aiki a Bekay.

== Plot ==


Manufar Djilbri ta cika burinsa ta katse lokacin da ya haɗu da Trini, karuwa da ke aiki a madadin Bekay.</text>
      <sha1>rfwlb8xn0xmyuy2539l7teyiyuwe14v</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893033</id>
      <parentid>893032</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:13:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vevent&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above summary&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;&quot; |Birni mara kwanciyar hankali
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Restless_City.jpg|frameless]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;Hoton talla&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |An ba da umarni daga
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Andrew Dosunmu]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Rubuce-rubuce
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Eugene M. Gussenhoven
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |An samar da shi ta hanyar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Katie MustardMatt ParkerDavid Raymond[[Tony Okungbowa]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Fitowa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Sy AlassaneSky Nicole Grey[[Tony Okungbowa]] Gira&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Danai Gurira|Danai zai so]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Hotuna
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Bradford Young]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |An shirya shi ta hanyar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Oriana Soddu
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Kamfanin samarwa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;Clam Prods&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |An rarraba ta hanyar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[ARRAY|AFFRM]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;&quot;&gt;Ranar fitarwa&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist film-date&quot;&gt;
* Janairu 23, 2011 &lt;span style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated itvstart&quot;&gt;2011-01-23&lt;/span&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; (Sundance) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x20;
* Afrilu 27, 2012 &lt;span style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated itvstart&quot;&gt;2012-04-27&lt;/span&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; (Amurka) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x20;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;&quot;&gt;Lokacin gudu&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Minti 90
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Kasar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Amurka
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Harsuna
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Turanci da Faransanci&lt;br /&gt;
|}
'''''Restless City''''' is a 2011 independent drama film written by Eugene M. Gussenhoven and directed by [[Andrew Dosunmu]]. It stars Sy Alassane, Sky Nicole Grey, [[Tony Okungbowa]], [[Stephen Tyrone Williams]], and Danai Gurira. The film premiered on January 23, 2011, at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival and received a limited release in the United States on April 27, 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFFRM&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Restless City |url=http://www.affrm.com/restless-city/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613182948/http://www.affrm.com/restless-city/ |archive-date=June 13, 2012 |access-date=26 April 2023 |website=[[AFFRM]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Makirci ==
Djibril, wani matashi dan kasar Senegal, yana ƙoƙarin yin rayuwa a kan titunan [[Harlem]] a New York. Wani mawaƙi mai son, yana fatan wata rana ya sami [[Recording contract|yarjejeniyar rikodin]], amma bayan shekaru huɗu a Amurka har yanzu yana rayuwa tare ta hanyar sayar da [[CD|CDs]] a kan titi da kuma yin wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin mai aikawa tare da taimakon moped dinsa. Don tara isasshen kuɗi don yin kundi, Djibril ya yarda ya kuma yi aiki ga Bekay, mai [[Procuring (prostitution)|karuwanci]] da mai ba da rance. Manufar Djilbri ta cika mafarkinsa ta katse lokacin da ya sadu da Trini, karuwa da ke aiki ga Bekay. Djibril ya yi hadari ga komai don ceton Trini daga rayuwarta mara kyau.
 

== Plot ==


Manufar Djilbri ta cika burinsa ta katse lokacin da ya haɗu da Trini, wata karuwa da ke aiki a Bekay.

== Plot ==


Manufar Djilbri ta cika burinsa ta katse lokacin da ya haɗu da Trini, wata karuwa da ke aiki a Bekay.

== Plot ==


Manufar Djilbri ta cika burinsa ta katse lokacin da ya haɗu da Trini, karuwa da ke aiki a madadin Bekay.</text>
      <sha1>8y9iiwca0cpksbnresniw1kxsuzr5ib</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Luiza Prado</title>
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      <id>893350</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T07:39:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>75</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:The+girl+with+a+gas+mask+-+Luiza+Prado_(1).jpeg|The+girl+with+a+gas+mask+-+Luiza+Prado_(1).jpeg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Herbythyme|Herbythyme]] because: Copyright violation, see [[:c:Commons:Licensing|]].</comment>
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      <text bytes="1227" sha1="48bz0hjrcz09w7u3zcor7abfa87kz2v" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[Fayil:Luiza Pradoself.jpg|thumb|Luiza Prado]]
Luiza Jesus Prado, wanda aka fi sani da '''Hifa Cybe'''  'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce wanda aka haifa a Guaratingueta, Brazil, a cikin 1988. Ta yi amfani da kayan aikin fasaha kamar daukar hoto, wasan kwaikwayo, fasahar bidiyo, shigarwa, sassaka, zane-zane, sababbin kafofin watsa labaru, fasahar jiki, kiɗa da zane tare da ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, [[ilimin halin dan Adam]], neuro science da falsafar. Bin ciken ta musamman akan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Ta bin ciko batu tuwan tashin hankali, rau nin jima'i, batu tuwan zaman take wa da kuma 'yan tsiraru a cikin Latin Amurka. An ambaci ta a matsayin mai zane-zane [[Feminism|na mata]] a ''FFW'',  ''Gedelés''  da ''O Grito'' .  A cikin 2014, an tsara aikinta &quot;Corpo Estranho&quot; a cikin littafin Portuguese Evocations of Performance Art - Paco Editorial '' kuma tun 2010 an nuna shi a cikin'' Mujallar Playboy '','' Mai daukar hoto na Dijital ''da'' Efêmero Concreto ''da sauransu. ''

== Hotuna ==

* 2020: Social Esotropia
* 2017: Poteh Pehuono
* 2017: Funk Pesadão
* 2016: Tumor Militar

== Filmography ==

* 2014: Reincarnate Project

== Nassoshi ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1988]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Łukasz Łakomy</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>65180</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893261</id>
      <parentid>498164</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:30:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mai Jiddah muhammad</username>
        <id>44560</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
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      <text bytes="3942" sha1="9sjv3mbbwr48hmr627g3eu6zh75ddne" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[Fayil:Łukasz Łakomy, YB ist zum 17. Mal in der Klubgeschichte Schweizer Meister!.jpg|left|thumb|Łukasz Łakomy, 2024]]
[[Fayil:YB ist zum 17. Mal Schweizer Meister!.jpg|thumb]]
'''Łukasz Łakomy'''&lt;ref&gt;http://www.90minut.pl/wystepy.php?id=36588&amp;id_sezon=93&lt;/ref&gt; (an haife shi 18 ga Janairu 2001) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Poland&lt;ref&gt;http://www.90minut.pl/wystepy.php?id=36588&amp;id_sezon=95&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na BSC Young Boys.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.90minut.pl/kariera.php?id=36588&lt;/ref&gt; {{Stub}} 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 
[[Category:Haifaffun 2001]]
Ga cikakken bayani game da Łukasz Łakomy, tare da gyara muhimmin bayani a shafin Hausa Wikipedia: bayanan da ke shafin yanzu sun tsufa; a shekarar 2026 ba ya taka leda a BSC Young Boys kai tsaye. 

Łukasz Łakomy

Łukasz Łakomy ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Poland, wanda aka haife shi a ranar 18 ga Janairu 2001 a Puławy, Poland. Yana taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya, musamman a matsayin mai tsaron tsakiyar fili. 

A yanzu, bayanai na 2026 sun nuna cewa yana cikin OH Leuven na Belgium. Ya koma ƙungiyar ne daga BSC Young Boys kuma daga baya aka kammala matsayinsa a OH Leuven. 

Rayuwarsa da fara ƙwallo

Łakomy ya fara koyon wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Wisła Puławy, inda ya kasance tun yana matashi har zuwa shekarar 2014. Daga nan ya shiga makarantar matasa ta Legia Warsaw. 

A shekarun farko na ƙwarewarsa ya buga wa Legia Warsaw II wasa, inda ya samu damar ci gaba da haɓaka kwarewarsa kafin ya koma babban matakin ƙwallon ƙafa na Poland.

Zagłębie Lubin

A farkon shekarar 2021, Łakomy ya koma Zagłębie Lubin daga ƙungiyar matasa ta Legia Warsaw. Ba da daɗewa ba ya fara buga wa babban ƙungiyar wasa a gasar Ekstraklasa, wato babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Poland. 

A watan Fabrairun 2022, ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a matakin Ekstraklasa a wasan da Zagłębie Lubin ta buga da Wisła Płock. 

A kakar 2022–2023, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin muhimman 'yan wasan Zagłębie Lubin. Ya buga dukkan wasanni 34 na ƙungiyar a wannan kakar, inda ya ci ƙwallaye 4 sannan ya taimaka wajen samar da kwallaye 3. 

Gaba ɗaya, a lokacin da yake Zagłębie Lubin, ya buga wasanni 62 a Ekstraklasa kuma ya ci ƙwallaye 5. 

BSC Young Boys

A ranar 14 ga Yuni 2023, Zagłębie Lubin ta sanar da cewa Łakomy ya koma ƙungiyar Switzerland BSC Young Boys a matsayin canja wuri na dindindin. A lokacin yana da shekara 22. 

Ya ci gaba da buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya, kuma ya samu damar taka leda a wasannin ƙungiyar a gasar Switzerland da kuma wasannin Turai. 

OH Leuven

A watan Agustan 2025, Łakomy ya koma ƙungiyar Belgium Oud-Heverlee Leuven (OH Leuven) daga Young Boys a matsayin aro. 

Bayanan da aka sabunta a Yuni 2026 sun nuna cewa OH Leuven ta ɗauke shi gaba ɗaya, inda aka nuna cewa ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar da za ta kai har zuwa 30 ga Yuni 2029. 

Ƙungiyar ƙasar Poland

Łakomy ya wakilci Poland a matakan ƙananan shekaru. Ya buga wa:

Poland U15 – wasa 1.

Poland U20 – wasanni 2.

Poland U21 – wasanni 2.


Bayanan da ake da su sun nuna cewa ya buga wasanni 2 wa Poland U21 ba tare da ya zura ƙwallo ba. 

Matsayinsa a fili

Łakomy ɗan wasan tsakiya ne na ƙafar hagu. Babban matsayinsa shi ne defensive midfielder, amma yana iya taka leda a matsayin central midfielder ko attacking midfielder. An bayyana tsayinsa da kusan mita 1.83 a bayanan 2026. 

Takaitaccen tarihin ƙungiyoyi

Shekaru	Ƙungiya

–2014	Wisła Puławy
2014–2019	Legia Warsaw
2019–2021	Legia Warsaw II
2021–2023	Zagłębie Lubin
2023–2025	BSC Young Boys
2025–2026	OH Leuven, aro
2026–	OH Leuven
Muhimmin gyara ga shafin Hausa Wikipedia: rubutun da ka kawo yana cewa “wanda ke taka leda ... na BSC Young Boys”, amma wannan ya tsufa. A yanzu ya fi dacewa a rubuta cewa yana taka leda ne a OH Leuven, bayan ya bar Young Boys</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rob Edwards</title>
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[[Fayil:RobEdwards.png|thumb|Rob Edwards]]
[[Fayil:Edwards, Rob.jpg|thumb|Rob Edwards]]
'''Rob Edwards'''&lt;ref&gt;https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11688/12886734/coventry-1-1-luton-town-aet-hatters-win-6-5-on-penalties-to-reach-premier-league&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://barryhugmansfootballers.com/player/5812 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-12-28 |archive-date=2023-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029050033/http://barryhugmansfootballers.com/player/5812 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Robert Owen Edwards (an haife shi ranar 25 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 1982) ƙwararren manajan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma tsohon ɗan wasa ne ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya kuma a halin yanzu shine manajan ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Luton Town.  An haife shi acikin sakar Ingila ga iyayen Welsh, ya wakilci Wales na duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.dai-sport.com/rob-edwards-the-forgotten-man-of-welsh-football-now-making-rivals-envious-at-forest-green/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-12-28 |archive-date=2023-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024153712/https://www.dai-sport.com/rob-edwards-the-forgotten-man-of-welsh-football-now-making-rivals-envious-at-forest-green/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.premierleague.com/players/2168/Rob-Edwards/overview&lt;/ref&gt; {{Stub}} 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1982]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ömer Çelik</title>
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[[Fayil:Ömer Çelik in Izmir 19 May 2015.jpg|thumb|Ömer Çelik]]
[[Fayil:Ömer Çelik and Johannes Hahn.jpg|thumb|Ömer Çelik]]
[[Fayil:Dimitris Droutsas, Ömer Çelik and İbrahim Kalın.jpg|thumb|Ömer Çelik]]
'''Ömer Çelik''' (an haife shi a watan Yuni 15, 1968) ɗan jaridar [[Turkiyya]] ne kuma ɗan siyasa. Daga ranar 24 ga Janairu, 2013 zuwa 28 ga Agusta, 2015, ya zama ministan al'adu da yawon shakatawa. Ya taba rike mukamin ministan kula da harkokin Tarayyar Turai sannan kuma ya zama babban mai shiga tsakani kan batun shigar [[Turkiyya]] cikin [[Tarayyar Turai]] tsakanin 2016-2018. {{Stub}} 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Category:Haifaffun 1968]]
He was born on 15 June 1968 in [[Adana]] to Ziya Çelik and his wife Dudu. After graduating from [[Gazi University]]'s Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, he earned his master's degree in political science at the same university's Graduate School of Social Sciences.&lt;ref name=&quot;sh&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://sabahaber.com/15133-yeni-kultur-ve-turizm-bakani-omer-celik-oldu.html#.UQTwPoYpTMc |newspaper=SabaHaber |title=Yeni Kültür ve Turizm Bakanı Ömer Çelik oldu |date=2013-01-25 |language=tr |access-date=2013-01-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ömer Çelik worked as a journalist and political scientist. He joined the [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|Justice and Development Party]] (AKP) and became political advisor to the party leader.&lt;ref name=&quot;sh&quot;/&gt;

==Politics==
He was elected to Parliament as a deputy from Adana for three consecutive terms in [[2002 Turkish general election|2002]], [[2007 Turkish general election|2007]] and [[2011 Turkish general election|2011]]. Since 2010, he has served as the Deputy Chairman responsible for Foreign Affairs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/planet/22001196.asp |newspaper=[[Hürriyet]] |title=Artık 'Ortadoğu altılısı' var |author=Çamlıbel, Cansu |date=2012-11-24 |language=tr |access-date=2013-12-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt; He is also the chairman of the Friendship Group of Bilateral Parliamentary Relations between Turkey and the United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;sh&quot;/&gt;

On 24 January 2013 Ömer Çelik was appointed Minister of Culture and Tourism in the cabinet of [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] replacing [[Ertuğrul Günay]].&lt;ref name=&quot;sh&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/22435722.asp |newspaper=[[Hürriyet]] |title=Sürpriz zirve sonrası kabine değişikliği |author=Şenyüz, Selçuk |date=2013-01-24 |language=tr |access-date=2013-01-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Personal life==
Ömer Çelik is single.&lt;ref name=&quot;sh&quot;/&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*https://twitter.com/omerrcelik

{{65th government of Turkey}}
{{Cabinet Davutoğlu}}
{{Cabinet Erdoğan III}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Celik, Omer}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:People from Adana]]
[[Category:Gazi University alumni]]
[[Category:Turkish journalists]]
[[Category:Justice and Development Party (Turkey) politicians]]
[[Category:Deputies of Adana]]
[[Category:Ministers of culture of Turkey]]
[[Category:Members of the 24th Parliament of Turkey]]
[[Category:Members of the 23rd Parliament of Turkey]]
[[Category:Members of the 22nd Parliament of Turkey]]
[[Category:Members of the 26th Parliament of Turkey]]
[[Category:Members of the 65th government of Turkey]]
[[Category:Ministers of culture and tourism of Turkey]]
[[Category:Members of the 28th Parliament of Turkey]]</text>
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    <title>Daular Jalairiyya</title>
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      <text bytes="2339" sha1="96pn7v3gparcft0mw2rywcgya1pwbwf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country|image=DesmembramientoDelIljanato1337–1432.svg|flag=[[File: Flag of Ilkhanate.svg|border|130px]]|flag_caption=Tutar kasar|coat= |coat_caption=Kimanin samfurin|etymology=Iyalan Jalairiyya|caption=Taswirar Gabas ta Tsakiya da ke nuna, a kore, yankin da gwamnatin Jalairiyya ke iko da shi daga 1337 zuwa 1432.|capital1=[[Bagdaza]] {{small|(1335–1358)}}{{-}}[[Tabriz]] {{small|(1358–1388)}}{{-}}[[Bagdaza]] {{small|(1388–1411)}}{{-}}[[Basra]] {{small|(1411–1432)}}|native_name=السلطنة الجلائرية|admin1=* Hasan Buzurg (farko)
* Husain II (karshe)|admin_type1=[[Sarki|Sarkin Musulmi]]|lang=|llengua=[[Larabci]], [[Farisawa]], Mongolian, [[Turkanci]]|anterior=[[File: Flag of the Ilkhanate.svg|border|20px]] Daular Ilkhanid|posterior=[[File: Flag of None.svg|border|20px]] Qara Qoyunlu&lt;br&gt;[[File: Timurid.svg|border|20px]] Daular Timurid|religio=[[Musulunci]] [[Shi'a]]|locator_map=Chupanid - Jalayerid dynasty 1337–1432 ad-ar.png|forma_govern=[[Sarauta]]}}
[[Fayil:Jalayirids. temp. Jalal al-Din Husayn I Baghdad mint. Dated AH 74(8) (AD 1347-8).jpg|thumb|Jalairiyya]]
[[Fayil:Jalayirides.png|thumb|Jalairiyya]]
'''Daular Jalairiyya''' ([[Larabci|Larabaci]]: الدولة الجلائرية) daular ce da sarkin Hassan mai girma ya assasa kuma ta ci gaba har kusan karni guda, tun daga shekara ta 1335 miladiyya daidai da shekara ta 756 bayan hijira har zuwa shekara ta 1432 miladiyya daidai da shekara ta 853 bayan hijira.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230307170748/https://iranicaonline.org/ Jalayrids.]&lt;/ref&gt; Daular ta tashi ne bayan rugujewar daular Ilkhanid, kuma sakamakon abubuwan da suka gabata, dangin Jalayir sun sami 'yancin kai a [[Bagdaza]].&lt;ref&gt;Bayne Fisher, William. The Cambridge History of Iran, p. 3: &quot;From then until Timur's invasion of the country, Iran was under the rule of various rival petty princes of whom henceforth only the Jalayirids could claim Mongol lineage&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; A tsawon lokaci 'yan Jalayirid sun sami damar tsallakawa tare da mamaye kasar Azarbaijan tare da shiga Tabriz babban birnin Mulkin Chobanid, kuma hakan ya kasance karkashin jagorancin sarkin [[Uwais I]].&lt;ref&gt;Dizadji، H (2010). Journey from Tehran to Chicago: My Life in Iran and the United States, and a Brief History of Iran&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
{{Stub}} 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>All These Creatures</title>
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These Creatures ɗan gajeren fim ne na rayuwar Australiya wanda Charles Williams ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni.  An kuma ba shi kyautar Short Film Palme d'Or a 2018 Cannes Film Festival . &lt;ref name=&quot;Cannes&quot; /&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;Cannes&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/films/all-these-creatures|title= ALL THESE CREATURES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An yi fim ɗin a Dandenong  a Victoria, Ostiraliya akan fim ɗin 16mm. 

== Makirci ==
Wani yaro yana ƙoƙari ya kawar da tunaninsa game da wata cuta mai ban mamaki,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.filmink.com.au/charles-williams-bringing-palme-dor-home/|title=Charles Williams: Bringing the Palme d'Or home|first=Dov|last=Kornits|date=8 October 2018|publisher=|accessdate=21 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; data fallasa mahaifinsa, da kuma ƙananan halittun da ke cikin mu duka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://screenmayhem.com/writer-director-charles-williams-discusses-his-palme-dor-winning-short-film-all-these-creatures/|title=Writer-Director Charles Williams Discusses His Palme d'Or Winning Short Film 'All These Creatures'|first=Author Paul|last=Salt|date=9 June 2018|publisher=|accessdate=21 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 

== Yan wasa ==

* Yared Scott a matsayin Hazo 
* Mandela Mathia as Mal &lt;ref name=&quot;Cannes&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ndu.edu.lb/filmfestival/films/international-shorts-selection/2/-all-these-creatures-%7C-australia|title=All These Creatures - Australia|website=www.ndu.edu.lb|accessdate=21 January 2019}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;


== liyafar ==
An ba da kyautar fim ɗin Short Film Palme d'Or a 2018 Cannes Film Festival .  Daga baya ya ci gaba da yin Premier ta Arewacin Amurka a shekarar 2018 Toronto International Film Festival .  kuma lashe fiye da 50 sauran kyaututtuka na kasa da kasa  gami da Kwalejin Cinema ta Ostiraliya da Mafi kyawun Short Film Arts Arts . 

Catherine Bray a Sight &amp;amp;amp; Sound ta sake nazarin fim ɗin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun Cannes, yana mai cewa &quot;Abin da ya keɓance gunkin Williams shine abin mamaki a cikin ƙaramin bayanai&quot;.  ''Vulture Hound'' ya ba Duk waɗannan Halittun taurari biyar cikin biyar suna kwatanta shi da &quot;kyakkyawan gaske&quot;  kuma Nouse ya bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;Daya daga cikin gajerun fina-finai mafi mahimmanci na shekara&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tiff.net/films/all-these-creatures/|title=All These Creatures|website=www.tiff.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; and win more than 50 other international awards&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://allthesecreaturesfilm.com/awards|title=All These Creatures Awards|website=All These Creatures}}&lt;/ref&gt; including [[8th AACTA Awards|Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts]] Best Short Film.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/news/first-aacta-winners-announced-at-industry-luncheon/|title=First AACTA Winners Announced at Industry Luncheon|website=www.aacta.org|accessdate=21 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/comment/festivals/cannes-2018-best-short-films|title=The best short films at Cannes 2018 - Sight &amp; Sound|website=British Film Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;  five stars out of five describing it as &quot;utterly beautiful&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://vulturehound.co.uk/2018/10/we-were-all-underwater-all-these-creatures-short-film-review/|title='We Were All Underwater' – All These Creatures (Short Film Review)|first=Paula|last=Osa|date=2 October 2018|publisher=|access-date=14 February 2024|archive-date=24 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924010657/https://vulturehound.co.uk/2018/10/we-were-all-underwater-all-these-creatures-short-film-review/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Nouse]] described it as &quot;One of the most important short films of the year&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nouse.co.uk/2018/12/09/short-film-sunday-all-these-creatures/|title=Short Film Sunday: All These Creatures|first=Malu|last=Rocha|date=9 December 2018|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* {{Official website|https://allthesecreaturesfilm.com}}
* {{IMDb title|8296622|All These Creatures}}
{{Short Film Palme d'Or Winners}}
[[Category:Fim]]</text>
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These Creatures ɗan gajeren fim ne na rayuwar Australiya wanda Charles Williams ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni.  An kuma ba shi kyautar Short Film Palme d'Or a shekarar 2018 Cannes Film Festival . &lt;ref name=&quot;Cannes&quot; /&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;Cannes&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/films/all-these-creatures|title= ALL THESE CREATURES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An yi fim ɗin a Dandenong  a Victoria, Ostiraliya akan fim ɗin 16mm. 

== Makirci ==
Wani yaro yana ƙoƙari ya kawar da tunaninsa game da wata cuta mai ban mamaki,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.filmink.com.au/charles-williams-bringing-palme-dor-home/|title=Charles Williams: Bringing the Palme d'Or home|first=Dov|last=Kornits|date=8 October 2018|publisher=|accessdate=21 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; data fallasa mahaifinsa, da kuma ƙananan halittun da ke cikin mu duka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://screenmayhem.com/writer-director-charles-williams-discusses-his-palme-dor-winning-short-film-all-these-creatures/|title=Writer-Director Charles Williams Discusses His Palme d'Or Winning Short Film 'All These Creatures'|first=Author Paul|last=Salt|date=9 June 2018|publisher=|accessdate=21 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 

== Yan wasa ==

* Yared Scott a matsayin Hazo 
* Mandela Mathia as Mal &lt;ref name=&quot;Cannes&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ndu.edu.lb/filmfestival/films/international-shorts-selection/2/-all-these-creatures-%7C-australia|title=All These Creatures - Australia|website=www.ndu.edu.lb|accessdate=21 January 2019}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;


== liyafar ==
An ba da kyautar fim ɗin Short Film Palme d'Or a 2018 Cannes Film Festival .  Daga baya ya ci gaba da yin Premier ta Arewacin Amurka a shekarar 2018 Toronto International Film Festival .  kuma lashe fiye da 50 sauran kyaututtuka na kasa da kasa  gami da Kwalejin Cinema ta Ostiraliya da Mafi kyawun Short Film Arts Arts . 

Catherine Bray a Sight &amp;amp;amp; Sound ta sake nazarin fim ɗin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun Cannes, yana mai cewa &quot;Abin da ya keɓance gunkin Williams shine abin mamaki a cikin ƙaramin bayanai&quot;.  ''Vulture Hound'' ya ba Duk waɗannan Halittun taurari biyar cikin biyar suna kwatanta shi da &quot;kyakkyawan gaske&quot;  kuma Nouse ya bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;Daya daga cikin gajerun fina-finai mafi mahimmanci na shekara&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tiff.net/films/all-these-creatures/|title=All These Creatures|website=www.tiff.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; and win more than 50 other international awards&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://allthesecreaturesfilm.com/awards|title=All These Creatures Awards|website=All These Creatures}}&lt;/ref&gt; including [[8th AACTA Awards|Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts]] Best Short Film.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/news/first-aacta-winners-announced-at-industry-luncheon/|title=First AACTA Winners Announced at Industry Luncheon|website=www.aacta.org|accessdate=21 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/comment/festivals/cannes-2018-best-short-films|title=The best short films at Cannes 2018 - Sight &amp; Sound|website=British Film Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;  five stars out of five describing it as &quot;utterly beautiful&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://vulturehound.co.uk/2018/10/we-were-all-underwater-all-these-creatures-short-film-review/|title='We Were All Underwater' – All These Creatures (Short Film Review)|first=Paula|last=Osa|date=2 October 2018|publisher=|access-date=14 February 2024|archive-date=24 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924010657/https://vulturehound.co.uk/2018/10/we-were-all-underwater-all-these-creatures-short-film-review/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Nouse]] described it as &quot;One of the most important short films of the year&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nouse.co.uk/2018/12/09/short-film-sunday-all-these-creatures/|title=Short Film Sunday: All These Creatures|first=Malu|last=Rocha|date=9 December 2018|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* {{Official website|https://allthesecreaturesfilm.com}}
* {{IMDb title|8296622|All These Creatures}}
{{Short Film Palme d'Or Winners}}
[[Category:Fim]]</text>
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The Value of Life wani ɗan gajeren fim ne na Uganda wanda kuma George Stanley Nsamba ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya samar da shi a matsayin aikin fim na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Howwe 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=staff|title=Rapper Mal-X is Featuring in A Short Film Titled 'Crafts' |url=http://www.howwe.biz/4190/rapper-mal-x-is-featuring-in-a-short-film-titled-crafts-.html|accessdate=July 2, 2015|publisher=Howwe|date=January 20, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;  an sake shi a kanDVD, fim ɗin ya fara fitowa a ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairu,na shekara ta 2015, a Cibiyar Al'adu ta Kasa ta Uganda, ya karya rikodin halartar gajeren fim din a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙasar Uganda  kafin fim din Nsamba mai taken Silent Depression daga baya ya karya rikon kansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Urban Hype&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Salim|first1=Segawa|title=George Stanley Nsamba Shoots Another Short Film|url=http://urbanhype.net/george-stanley-nsamba-shoots-another-short-film/|accessdate=July 2, 2015|publisher=[[Urban Hype]]|date=May 26, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703021212/http://urbanhype.net/george-stanley-nsamba-shoots-another-short-film/|archivedate=July 3, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; breaking the attendance record for a short film premiere at the Ugandan National Theatre&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=staff|title=CRAFTS &quot;The Value Of Life&quot; Movie Premiere breaks record!|url=http://filehacks.us/crafts-the-value-of-life-movie-premiere-breaks-record/|date=May 10, 2015|publisher=File Hacks|accessdate=July 2, 2015}}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Labari dangane da fim ==
Shafi mai shekaru 19 (Uzab mwana Sharif) ya sadu da Pesh (Aber Patience) don magance matsalolin dangantakarsu amma sana'o'in da ya dauka a kan hanyarsa sun zama batun tattaunawa yayin da aka tsawata masa saboda halayensa na yaro.￼

== Fitarwa ==
An fara harbe sana'o'i ba tare da niyya ba.  Bayan ganawa da tawagarsa ta shirya fim a Cibiyar Al'adu ta Kasa ta Uganda wanda dalibinsa na daukar hoto Sharif Uzab umwana ya halarta, George Stanley Nsamba ya yanke shawarar sanya shi ga aikin tare da gajeren fim ɗin da za a kashe nan da nan. Uzab ya ɗauki sana'ar Nsamba kuma ya yi hoto a baki da fari kuma ya sanya mai ba da shawara ga aiki. Daidai a wannan wuri, Nsamba ya ɗauki harbe-harbe biyu tare da sana'o'in kuma ya ba da umarnin Uzab kan ayyukan da yake so kuma washegari ya yi wasu al'amuran da ya haɗa kai a cikin ayyukansa don yin demo reel wanda ya bazu galibi akan [[WhatsApp]].

Allie Mutaka shugaban Film Club daga baya ya nemi a yi fim daga wannan kayan wanda ya haifar da yin CRAFTS: The Value Of Life watanni bayan haka ya fito da Sharif Uzab mwana da kansa a matsayin jagora tare da rapper Malcolm Kawooya aka Malx  kuma a karo na farko actress Patience Aber tare da yara a kan titi a karkashin The Ghetto Film Project .

Baya ga Malcolm Kawooya, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ne na farko waɗanda ba su da ƙwarewa a baya.  farko wani yaro marar gida mai suna Mujapani ya yi aiki a cikin fim din amma daga baya an fi son Elizabeth Che mai shekaru 6 da mahaifiyarta waɗanda ba su da gida a wannan lokacin su ɗauki rawar. An yi fim din kusan makonni biyu, sau biyu a kowane mako kuma yana da tsada kusan $ 10 don samarwa kodayake darajar aikin shine $ 1800.

== Ƴan Wasa ==

* Kawooya Malcolm (wanda aka fi sani da MalX) 
* Rashin haƙuri
* Uzab da Sharif
* Elizabeth Che
* Afzar Shambe
* Angella Amate
* Roy Cwinyado

== Karɓuwa ==

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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The Value of Life wani ɗan gajeren fim ne na Uganda wanda kuma George Stanley Nsamba ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya samar da shi a matsayin aikin fim na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Howwe 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=staff|title=Rapper Mal-X is Featuring in A Short Film Titled 'Crafts' |url=http://www.howwe.biz/4190/rapper-mal-x-is-featuring-in-a-short-film-titled-crafts-.html|accessdate=July 2, 2015|publisher=Howwe|date=January 20, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;  an sake shi a kanDVD, fim ɗin ya fara fitowa a ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairu,na shekara ta 2015, a Cibiyar Al'adu ta Kasa ta Uganda, ya karya rikodin halartar gajeren fim din a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙasar Uganda  kafin fim din Nsamba mai taken Silent Depression daga baya ya karya rikon kansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Urban Hype&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Salim|first1=Segawa|title=George Stanley Nsamba Shoots Another Short Film|url=http://urbanhype.net/george-stanley-nsamba-shoots-another-short-film/|accessdate=July 2, 2015|publisher=[[Urban Hype]]|date=May 26, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703021212/http://urbanhype.net/george-stanley-nsamba-shoots-another-short-film/|archivedate=July 3, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; breaking the attendance record for a short film premiere at the Ugandan National Theatre&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=staff|title=CRAFTS &quot;The Value Of Life&quot; Movie Premiere breaks record!|url=http://filehacks.us/crafts-the-value-of-life-movie-premiere-breaks-record/|date=May 10, 2015|publisher=File Hacks|accessdate=July 2, 2015}}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Labari dangane da fim ==
Shafi mai shekaru 19 (Uzab mwana Sharif) ya sadu da Pesh (Aber Patience) don magance matsalolin dangantakarsu amma sana'o'in da ya dauka a kan hanyarsa sun zama batun tattaunawa yayin da aka tsawata masa saboda halayensa na yaro.￼

== Fitarwa ==
An kuma fara harbe sana'o'i ba tare da niyya ba.  Bayan ganawa da tawagarsa ta shirya fim a Cibiyar Al'adu ta Kasa ta Uganda wanda dalibinsa na daukar hoto Sharif Uzab umwana ya halarta, George Stanley Nsamba ya yanke shawarar sanya shi ga aikin tare da gajeren fim ɗin da za a kashe nan da nan. Uzab ya ɗauki sana'ar Nsamba kuma ya yi hoto a baki da fari kuma ya sanya mai ba da shawara ga aiki. Daidai a wannan wuri, Nsamba ya ɗauki harbe-harbe biyu tare da sana'o'in kuma ya ba da umarnin Uzab kan ayyukan da yake so kuma washegari ya yi wasu al'amuran da ya haɗa kai a cikin ayyukansa don yin demo reel wanda ya bazu galibi akan [[WhatsApp]].

Allie Mutaka shugaban Film Club daga baya ya nemi a yi fim daga wannan kayan wanda ya haifar da yin CRAFTS: The Value Of Life watanni bayan haka ya fito da Sharif Uzab mwana da kansa a matsayin jagora tare da rapper Malcolm Kawooya aka Malx  kuma a karo na farko actress Patience Aber tare da yara a kan titi a karkashin The Ghetto Film Project .

Baya ga Malcolm Kawooya, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ne na farko waɗanda ba su da ƙwarewa a baya.  farko wani yaro marar gida mai suna Mujapani ya yi aiki a cikin fim din amma daga baya an fi son Elizabeth Che mai shekaru 6 da mahaifiyarta waɗanda ba su da gida a wannan lokacin su ɗauki rawar. An yi fim din kusan makonni biyu, sau biyu a kowane mako kuma yana da tsada kusan $ 10 don samarwa kodayake darajar aikin shine $ 1800.

== Ƴan Wasa ==

* Kawooya Malcolm (wanda aka fi sani da MalX) 
* Rashin haƙuri
* Uzab da Sharif
* Elizabeth Che
* Afzar Shambe
* Angella Amate
* Roy Cwinyado

== Karɓuwa ==

== Manazarta ==

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The Value of Life wani ɗan gajeren fim ne na Uganda wanda kuma George Stanley Nsamba ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya samar da shi a matsayin aikin fim na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Howwe 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=staff|title=Rapper Mal-X is Featuring in A Short Film Titled 'Crafts' |url=http://www.howwe.biz/4190/rapper-mal-x-is-featuring-in-a-short-film-titled-crafts-.html|accessdate=July 2, 2015|publisher=Howwe|date=January 20, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;  an sake shi a kanDVD, fim ɗin ya fara fitowa a ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairu,na shekara ta 2015, a Cibiyar Al'adu ta Kasa ta Uganda, ya karya rikodin halartar gajeren fim din a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙasar Uganda  kafin fim din Nsamba mai taken Silent Depression daga baya ya karya rikon kansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Urban Hype&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Salim|first1=Segawa|title=George Stanley Nsamba Shoots Another Short Film|url=http://urbanhype.net/george-stanley-nsamba-shoots-another-short-film/|accessdate=July 2, 2015|publisher=[[Urban Hype]]|date=May 26, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703021212/http://urbanhype.net/george-stanley-nsamba-shoots-another-short-film/|archivedate=July 3, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; breaking the attendance record for a short film premiere at the Ugandan National Theatre&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=staff|title=CRAFTS &quot;The Value Of Life&quot; Movie Premiere breaks record!|url=http://filehacks.us/crafts-the-value-of-life-movie-premiere-breaks-record/|date=May 10, 2015|publisher=File Hacks|accessdate=July 2, 2015}}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Labari dangane da fim ==
Shafi mai shekaru 19 (Uzab mwana Sharif) ya sadu da Pesh (Aber Patience) don magance matsalolin dangantakarsu amma sana'o'in da ya dauka a kan hanyarsa sun zama batun tattaunawa yayin da aka tsawata masa saboda halayensa na yaro.￼

== Fitarwa ==
An kuma fara harbe sana'o'i ba tare da niyya ba.  Bayan ganawa da tawagarsa ta shirya fim a Cibiyar Al'adu ta Kasa ta Uganda wanda dalibinsa na ɗaukar hoto Sharif Uzab umwana ya halarta, George Stanley Nsamba ya yanke shawarar sanya shi ga aikin tare da gajeren fim ɗin da za a kashe nan da nan. Uzab ya ɗauki sana'ar Nsamba kuma ya yi hoto a baki da fari kuma ya sanya mai ba da shawara ga aiki. Daidai a wannan wuri, Nsamba ya ɗauki harbe-harbe biyu tare da sana'o'in kuma ya ba da umarnin Uzab kan ayyukan da yake so kuma washegari ya yi wasu al'amuran da ya haɗa kai a cikin ayyukansa don yin demo reel wanda ya bazu galibi akan [[WhatsApp]].

Allie Mutaka shugaban Film Club daga baya ya nemi a yi fim daga wannan kayan wanda ya haifar da yin CRAFTS: The Value Of Life watanni bayan haka ya fito da Sharif Uzab mwana da kansa a matsayin jagora tare da rapper Malcolm Kawooya aka Malx  kuma a karo na farko actress Patience Aber tare da yara a kan titi a karkashin The Ghetto Film Project .

Baya ga Malcolm Kawooya, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ne na farko waɗanda ba su da ƙwarewa a baya.  farko wani yaro marar gida mai suna Mujapani ya yi aiki a cikin fim din amma daga baya an fi son Elizabeth Che mai shekaru 6 da mahaifiyarta waɗanda ba su da gida a wannan lokacin su ɗauki rawar. An yi fim din kusan makonni biyu, sau biyu a kowane mako kuma yana da tsada kusan $ 10 don samarwa kodayake darajar aikin shine $ 1800.

== Ƴan Wasa ==

* Kawooya Malcolm (wanda aka fi sani da MalX) 
* Rashin haƙuri
* Uzab da Sharif
* Elizabeth Che
* Afzar Shambe
* Angella Amate
* Roy Cwinyado

== Karɓuwa ==

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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The Value of Life wani ɗan gajeren fim ne na Uganda wanda kuma George Stanley Nsamba ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya samar da shi a matsayin aikin fim na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Howwe 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=staff|title=Rapper Mal-X is Featuring in A Short Film Titled 'Crafts' |url=http://www.howwe.biz/4190/rapper-mal-x-is-featuring-in-a-short-film-titled-crafts-.html|accessdate=July 2, 2015|publisher=Howwe|date=January 20, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;  an sake shi a kanDVD, fim ɗin ya fara fitowa a ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairu,na shekara ta 2015, a Cibiyar Al'adu ta Kasa ta Uganda, ya karya rikodin halartar gajeren fim din a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙasar Uganda  kafin fim din Nsamba mai taken Silent Depression daga baya ya karya rikon kansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Urban Hype&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Salim|first1=Segawa|title=George Stanley Nsamba Shoots Another Short Film|url=http://urbanhype.net/george-stanley-nsamba-shoots-another-short-film/|accessdate=July 2, 2015|publisher=[[Urban Hype]]|date=May 26, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703021212/http://urbanhype.net/george-stanley-nsamba-shoots-another-short-film/|archivedate=July 3, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; breaking the attendance record for a short film premiere at the Ugandan National Theatre&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=staff|title=CRAFTS &quot;The Value Of Life&quot; Movie Premiere breaks record!|url=http://filehacks.us/crafts-the-value-of-life-movie-premiere-breaks-record/|date=May 10, 2015|publisher=File Hacks|accessdate=July 2, 2015}}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Labari dangane da fim ==
Shafi mai shekaru 19 (Uzab mwana Sharif) ya sadu da Pesh (Aber Patience) don magance matsalolin dangantakarsu amma sana'o'in da ya dauka a kan hanyarsa sun zama batun tattaunawa yayin da aka tsawata masa saboda halayensa na yaro.￼

== Fitarwa ==
An kuma fara harbe sana'o'i ba tare da niyya ba.  Bayan ganawa da tawagarsa ta shirya fim a Cibiyar Al'adu ta Kasa ta Uganda wanda dalibinsa na ɗaukar hoto Sharif Uzab umwana ya halarta, George Stanley Nsamba ya yanke shawarar sanya shi ga aikin tare da gajeren fim ɗin da za a kashe nan da nan. Uzab ya ɗauki sana'ar Nsamba kuma ya yi hoto a baki da fari kuma ya sanya mai ba da shawara ga aiki. Daidai a wannan wuri, Nsamba ya ɗauki harbe-harbe biyu tare da sana'o'in kuma ya ba da umarnin Uzab kan ayyukan da yake so kuma washegari ya yi wasu al'amuran da ya haɗa kai a cikin ayyukansa don yin demo reel wanda ya bazu galibi akan [[WhatsApp]].

Allie Mutaka shugaban Film Club daga baya ya nemi a yi fim daga wannan kayan wanda ya haifar da yin CRAFTS: The Value Of Life watanni bayan haka ya fito da Sharif Uzab mwana da kansa a matsayin jagora tare da rapper Malcolm Kawooya aka Malx  kuma a karo na farko actress Patience Aber tare da yara a kan titi a karkashin The Ghetto Film Project .

Baya ga Malcolm Kawooya, ƴan wasan kwaikwayo ne na farko waɗanda ba su da ƙwarewa a baya.  farko wani yaro marar gida mai suna Mujapani ya yi aiki a cikin fim din amma daga baya an fi son Elizabeth Che mai shekaru 6 da mahaifiyarta waɗanda ba su da gida a wannan lokacin su ɗauki rawar. An yi fim din kusan makonni biyu, sau biyu a kowane mako kuma yana da tsada kusan $ 10 don samarwa kodayake darajar aikin shine $ 1800.

== Ƴan Wasa ==

* Kawooya Malcolm (wanda aka fi sani da MalX) 
* Rashin haƙuri
* Uzab da Sharif
* Elizabeth Che
* Afzar Shambe
* Angella Amate
* Roy Cwinyado

== Karɓuwa ==

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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Mieux vaut mal vivre que mourir (a Turanci: &quot;Kusan Babu Abin da ya fi Babu Abin da Ya Fiye da Duk&quot;) fim ne na shekara ta 2007, wanda [[Justine Bitagoye]] da Gaudiose Nininahazwe suka jagoranta. Fassarar zahiri na taken fim ɗin shine &quot;Yana da kyau a rayu cikin mummunar rayuwa fiye da mutuwa&quot;.

== Bayani game da shi ==
Rayuwar yau da kullun na wani saurayi wanda ke zaune a cikin shara, kamar duk wadanda ke kewaye da shi. Wannan shi ne wurin da ya girma, wanda ya ciyar da shi kuma inda ya sami abubuwan da ya sayar don ya tsira. Wannan fim din  ba da labarin rayuwar da ba ta da kyau da tawali'u na mazaunan zubar da shara.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.africine.org/?menu=film&amp;no=1901|title=Mieux vaut mal vivre que mourir|website=Africine|language=French|access-date=March 2, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fitarwa da saki ==
Fim din haɗin gwiwar Belgium-Benin ne, kuma haɗin gwiwar farko tsakanin masu haɗin gwiwar Bitagoye da Nininahazwe. An sake shi a shekara ta 2006 biyo bayan wani bita na samarwa wanda su biyun suka shiga.

Mieux vaut mal vivre que mourir an nuna shi a bukukuwan fina-finai da yawa na kasa da kasa, gami da: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.neonrouge.com/fr/mieux-vaut-mal-vivre-que-mourir|title=MIEUX VAUT MAL VIVRE QUE MOURIR|website=Neon Rouge Production|access-date=March 2, 2019|archive-date=July 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714174747/https://neonrouge.com/fr/mieux-vaut-mal-vivre-que-mourir|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* 2008 Monte Carlo Television Festival - An ambaci shi na musamman
* 2007 Leuven Afrika Film Festival - ba gasa ba
* 2007 Afirka Girma XL - ba gasa ba (Brussels) 
* [[Ouagadougou]]&quot; id=&quot;mwHA&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou&quot;&gt;FESPACO 2007 - An ambaci shi na musamman (Ouagadougou) 
* Bikin Fim na Afirka na Cordoba-FCAT
* Bikin Fim na Afirka na Tarifa-Tangier
* Bikin Fim na Duniya na Ouidah ([[Benin]]) 
* Bikin Kiɗa, Esperanzah!  (&quot;Kamarori na Kudu&quot;) (Belgium) 
* Afrikazabaldu
* Quintessence 2008 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://sessi.afrikblog.com/archives/2007/11/22/6979383.html|title=Les Films africains présélectionnés pour &quot;Quintessence 2008&quot;|website=Blog de Sessi|date=22 November 2007|access-date=March 2, 2019|archive-date=11 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111133717/http://sessi.afrikblog.com/archives/2007/11/22/6979383.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An haɗa fim din a cikin gajeren fim din daga Gabashin Afirka, gajeren Afirka - gajeren Afirka ta Gabas, wanda aka saki a shekara ta 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://africalia.be/en/Creatives-work-9/Short-s-of-Africa/Short-s-of-Africa-East-African-Shorts?lang=en|title=Short(s) of Africa - East African Shorts|website=Africalia|access-date=March 2, 2019|archive-date=November 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111174122/https://africalia.be/en/Creatives-work-9/Short-s-of-Africa/Short-s-of-Africa-East-African-Shorts?lang=en|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{RefFCAT|546}}{{Reflist}}</text>
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Mieux vaut mal vivre que mourir (a Turanci: &quot;Kusan Babu Abin da ya fi Babu Abin da Ya Fiye da Duk&quot;) fim ne na shekara ta 2007, wanda [[Justine Bitagoye]] da Gaudiose Nininahazwe suka jagoranta. Fassarar zahiri na taken fim ɗin shine &quot;Yana da kyau a rayu cikin mummunar rayuwa fiye da mutuwa&quot;.

== Bayani game da shi ==
Rayuwar yau da kullun na wani saurayi wanda ke zaune a cikin shara, kamar duk wadanda ke kewaye da shi. Wannan shi ne wurin da ya girma, wanda ya ciyar da shi kuma inda ya sami abubuwan da ya sayar don ya tsira. Wannan fim ɗin kuma  ba da labarin rayuwar da ba ta da kyau da tawali'u na mazaunan zubar da shara.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.africine.org/?menu=film&amp;no=1901|title=Mieux vaut mal vivre que mourir|website=Africine|language=French|access-date=March 2, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fitarwa da saki ==
Fim din haɗin gwiwar Belgium-Benin ne, kuma haɗin gwiwar farko tsakanin masu haɗin gwiwar Bitagoye da Nininahazwe. An sake shi a shekara ta 2006 biyo bayan wani bita na samarwa wanda su biyun suka shiga.

Mieux vaut mal vivre que mourir an nuna shi a bukukuwan fina-finai da yawa na kasa da kasa, gami da: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.neonrouge.com/fr/mieux-vaut-mal-vivre-que-mourir|title=MIEUX VAUT MAL VIVRE QUE MOURIR|website=Neon Rouge Production|access-date=March 2, 2019|archive-date=July 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714174747/https://neonrouge.com/fr/mieux-vaut-mal-vivre-que-mourir|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* 2008 Monte Carlo Television Festival - An ambaci shi na musamman
* 2007 Leuven Afrika Film Festival - ba gasa ba
* 2007 Afirka Girma XL - ba gasa ba (Brussels) 
* [[Ouagadougou]]&quot; id=&quot;mwHA&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou&quot;&gt;FESPACO 2007 - An ambaci shi na musamman (Ouagadougou) 
* Bikin Fim na Afirka na Cordoba-FCAT
* Bikin Fim na Afirka na Tarifa-Tangier
* Bikin Fim na Duniya na Ouidah ([[Benin]]) 
* Bikin Kiɗa, Esperanzah!  (&quot;Kamarori na Kudu&quot;) (Belgium) 
* Afrikazabaldu
* Quintessence 2008 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://sessi.afrikblog.com/archives/2007/11/22/6979383.html|title=Les Films africains présélectionnés pour &quot;Quintessence 2008&quot;|website=Blog de Sessi|date=22 November 2007|access-date=March 2, 2019|archive-date=11 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111133717/http://sessi.afrikblog.com/archives/2007/11/22/6979383.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An haɗa fim din a cikin gajeren fim din daga Gabashin Afirka, gajeren Afirka - gajeren Afirka ta Gabas, wanda aka saki a shekara ta 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://africalia.be/en/Creatives-work-9/Short-s-of-Africa/Short-s-of-Africa-East-African-Shorts?lang=en|title=Short(s) of Africa - East African Shorts|website=Africalia|access-date=March 2, 2019|archive-date=November 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111174122/https://africalia.be/en/Creatives-work-9/Short-s-of-Africa/Short-s-of-Africa-East-African-Shorts?lang=en|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{RefFCAT|546}}{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mozambique (fim)</title>
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Mozambique fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya na 1964 wanda Robert Lynn ya jagoranta daga rubutun Peter Yeldham, tare da Steve Cochran a fim dinsa na ƙarshe, Hildegard Knef, Paul Hubschmid da Vivi Bach
.&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/65334 |title=Mozambique (1964) |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |access-date=18 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019103602/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/65334 |archive-date=19 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;MOZAMBIQUE
Monthly Film Bulletin; London Vol. 32, Iss. 372,  (Jan 1, 1965): 137.&lt;/ref&gt;
== Farko ==
Wani matukin jirgi na Amurka yana taimaka wa 'yan sanda na mulkin mallaka na Portugal waɗanda ke yaƙi da ƙungiyar masu aikata laifuka da ke da hannu a safarar miyagun ƙwayoyi daga Lisbon ta hanyar Mozambique zuwa Zanzibar.

== Ƴan Wasa ==

* Steve Cochran a matsayin Brad Webster
* Hildegard Knef a matsayin Ilona Valdez
* Paul Hubschmid a matsayin Commarro
* Vivi Bach a matsayin Christina
* Dietmar Schönherr a matsayin Henderson
* Martin Benson a matsayin Da Silva
* George Leech a matsayin Carl
* Gert Van den Bergh a matsayin Larabci

== Fitarwa ==
&lt;ref&gt;JOCKEY SUES STEVE COCHRAN FOR ADULTERY
Chicago Tribune 17 Aug 1964: b10.&lt;/ref&gt; lokacin da ake yin fim din, an kama Cochran saboda yin zina da matar wani dan wasan yayin da yake [[Durban]], Afirka ta Kudu.

== Karɓuwa ==
&lt;ref&gt;Screen: '10 Little Indians': Agatha Christie Story Is Filmed Again Steve Cochran Stars in 'Mozambique'
By BOSLEY CROWTHER. New York Times 10 Feb 1966: 33.&lt;/ref&gt;''[[New York Times|Jaridar New York Times]]'' ta kira shi &quot;wani karamin wasan kwaikwayo&quot;.

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>On a Bicycle</title>
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'''''On a Bicycle''' (Take na asali: À bicyclette)'' wasan kwaikwayo ne na Faransa da Aljeriya da aka shirya shi a shekarar 2001 da fim ɗin talabijin mai ban dariya wanda Merzak Alouache ya jagoranta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=À bicyclette |url=https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=211751.html |access-date=8 Feb 2024 |website=AlloCiné}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Labarin fim ==
Lokacin hunturu ne na shekarar 1995. Yajin aikin gama gari na tsawon mako guda ya kawo dakatar da yankin Ile de Faransa gaba ɗaya. Tafiya a kan kekunansu, Anne, ma'aikaciyar rarraba gidan waya, da Patrice, mamallakin wanki na masana'antu, damar ganawa a fitilar zirga-zirga zai canza rayuwarsu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=À bicyclette |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0275107/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_3_tt_8_nm_0_q_%25C3%2580%2520bicyclette |access-date=8 Feb 2024 |website=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;


A cikin fitilun zirga-zirga, an kuma yi musayar murmushi mai ban sha'awa. Da zaran, Anne ta fara feda sarkar kekenta ta fito daga kan layin dogo. Patrice ya sami damar nuna kwarewar mai amfani da shi. Kofi na gode a cikin bistro da ta fi so ya kai su sake haduwa a washegari kuma abubuwa sun lalace. Amma sai mijin Anne, ɗan kasada wanda ya ɓace a wurare masu zafi watanni shida da suka shige, ya bayyana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=À bicyclette |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0275107/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_3_tt_8_nm_0_q_%25C3%2580%2520bicyclette |access-date=8 Feb 2024 |website=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ci gaba ==
Faransa 2 (FR2), tashar talabijin ta jama'a ta Faransa ce ta shirya fim ɗin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=À bicyclette |url=https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=211751.html |access-date=8 Feb 2024 |website=AlloCiné}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Merzak Alouache shima ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo tare da Pierre Schoeller da Caroline Thivel.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=À bicyclette |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0275107/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_3_tt_8_nm_0_q_%25C3%2580%2520bicyclette |access-date=8 Feb 2024 |website=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
[[Category:fim]]</text>
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'''''On a Bicycle''' (Take na asali: À bicyclette)'' wasan kwaikwayo ne na Faransa da Aljeriya da aka shirya shi a shekarar 2001 da fim ɗin talabijin mai ban dariya wanda Merzak Alouache ya jagoranta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=À bicyclette |url=https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=211751.html |access-date=8 Feb 2024 |website=AlloCiné}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Labarin fim ==
Lokacin hunturu ne na shekarar 1995. Yajin aikin gama gari na tsawon mako guda ya kawo dakatar da yankin Ile de Faransa gaba ɗaya. Tafiya a kan kekunansu, Anne, ma'aikaciyar rarraba gidan waya, da Patrice, mamallakin wanki na masana'antu, damar ganawa a fitilar zirga-zirga zai canza rayuwarsu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=À bicyclette |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0275107/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_3_tt_8_nm_0_q_%25C3%2580%2520bicyclette |access-date=8 Feb 2024 |website=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;


A cikin fitilun zirga-zirga, an kuma yi musayar murmushi mai ban sha'awa. Da zaran, Anne ta fara feda sarkar kekenta ta fito daga kan layin dogo. Patrice ya sami damar nuna kwarewar mai amfani da shi. Kofi na gode a cikin bistro da ta fi so ya kai su sake haduwa a washegari kuma abubuwa sun lalace. Amma sai mijin Anne, ɗan kasada wanda ya ɓace a wurare masu zafi watanni shida da suka shige, ya bayyana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=À bicyclette |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0275107/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_3_tt_8_nm_0_q_%25C3%2580%2520bicyclette |access-date=8 Feb 2024 |website=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ci gaba ==
Faransa 2 (FR2), tashar talabijin ta jama'a ta Faransa ce ta shirya fim ɗin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=À bicyclette |url=https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=211751.html |access-date=8 Feb 2024 |website=AlloCiné}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Merzak Alouache shima ya kuma rubuta wasan kwaikwayo tare da Pierre Schoeller da Caroline Thivel.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=À bicyclette |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0275107/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_3_tt_8_nm_0_q_%25C3%2580%2520bicyclette |access-date=8 Feb 2024 |website=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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  <page>
    <title>Adly Kasseb</title>
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'''Adly Kasseb,(larabci عدلى كاسب,'''cikakken sunanshi: Adly Abdel Hamid Kasseb) (Afrilu 21, 1918 - Satumba 13, 1978) [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo]] ne na [[Masar]] wanda ya yi fim da wasan kwaikwayo da yawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.elcinema.com/person/pr1099292/biography|title = عدلي كاسب - ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ فيلموجرافيا، صور، فيديو}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma san kwarewarsa tun yana yaro kuma ya girma cikin shekaru. Ya kammala karatu daga bangaren koyar da Ayyuka sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a bangaren injiniya na tsawon shekaru 12. Lokacin da Cibiyar Dramatic Art ta buɗe sai ya shiga ta kuma ya sami digiri na farko na Dramatic Arts. Ya yi murabus daga aikinsa a fannin Injiniya kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a Ma'aikatar Ilimi, an inganta shi har sai ya kai Mataimakin Sakataren Ma'aikalin. Ya shiga ƙungiyoyin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa, ya fara da &quot;The Modern Theater (na ƙasa) &quot; sannan &quot;Youssef Wahby&quot; sannan &quot;Ismail Yasin&quot; sannan &quot;El Rayhany&quot; sannan &quot;Hassan Yousef&quot; sannan &quot; El Rayhany&quot; kuma wanda ya sake yin aiki a cikin kimanin shekaru 30. An ba shi lakabi da &quot;mai wasan kwaikwayo na fuskoki 1000&quot; ko &quot;aljan fim&quot; saboda ikonsa na yin kowane rawar da ke nuna nau'ikan mutane daban-daban, ya taka rawa da yawa daga wasan kwaikwayo zuwa mugunta.

Ya kuma yi aiki a cikin [[Back Again (fim)|Rodda Qalbi]]'','' [[Jamila, the Algerian|Gameela]], [[Money and Women|Mal Wa Nissa]], [[A Storm of Love|A&quot;sefa Min El Hub]], El [[El Hub Keda|Hub Keda]], [[Three Thieves (fim, 1966)|Thalath Losoos]] da Al-Zawjah al-Azra'

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

* https://www.facebook.com/AdlyKasseb
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110715230814/http://cinema.sakhr.com/cast/pmovies.aspx?PID=1804 https://web.archive.org/web/20110715230814/http://cinema.sakhr.com/cast/pmovies.aspx?Rubuce-rubuce = 184]
* http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0440839/


'''Gidan yanar gizon fina-finai na Masar'''

* https://web.archive.org/web/20190330051945/http://egycinemas.com/ - The Ultimate Egyptian Cinema Guide For Movies and Theaters online
[[Category:Haifaffun 1918]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sylvaine Strike</title>
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Sylvaineaine Strike 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Afirka ta Kudu, marubuciya kuma darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo da ke zaune a Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu .

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
Strike was born in [[Pretoria]]. She studied at the University of Cape Town and graduated with a degree in drama in 1993. Strike studied further from 1998 to 2000 in Paris at Jacques LeCoq School where completed a two year diploma with a focus in mime and clown.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-03-31|title=Sylvaine Strike receives France's top cultural award|url=https://za.ambafrance.org/Sylvaine-Strike-receives-France-s-top-cultural-award|access-date=2020-06-25|website=French Embassy in South Africa {{!}} Ambassade de France en Afrique du Sud|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ClBCgAAQBAJ|title=The Methuen Drama Guide to Contemporary South African Theatre|publisher=Bloomsbury|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4081-7671-9|editor-last=Middeke|editor-first=Martin|pages=81|editor-last2=Schnierer|editor-first2=Peter Paul|editor-last3=Homann|editor-first3=Greg|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morkel|first=Toni|date=2010-01-01|title=An interview with Sylvaine Strike|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/10137548.2010.9687929|journal=South African Theatre Journal|volume=24|issue=1|pages=201–208|doi=10.1080/10137548.2010.9687929|s2cid=178577079|issn=1013-7548}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aiki ==

=== Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ===
Strike ita  darektan zane-zane na yanzu na [https://www.fortunecookietheatre.com Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Fortune Cookie], wanda ta kafa a shekara ta 2000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About|url=http://fortunecookietheatre.com/about/|access-date=2020-06-25|website=Fortune Cookie Theatre Company|language=en-ZA|archive-date=2020-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626134211/http://fortunecookietheatre.com/about/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Tare  gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Fortune Cookie, Strike ya ba da umarnin irin waɗannan shirye-shirye kamar [[Molière]]'s The Miser (2012) da ''Tartuff'' (2017) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Krueger|first=Anton|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UC2NDwAAQBAJ|title=The Routledge Companion to Theatre and Politics|publisher=Routledge|year=2019|isbn=978-0-203-73105-5|editor-last=Eckersall|editor-first=Peter|pages=47|chapter=Revolutionary Trends at the South African National Arts Festival|editor-last2=Grehan|editor-first2=Helena}}&lt;/ref&gt;da kuma Chekhov-daidaitawa, Taba da Harmful Effects Thereof (2016).   shekara ta 2004, Strike ta kirkiro wasan kwaikwayon Black and Blue tare da sauran mambobin Fortune Cookie, wanda ita ma ta fito a ciki.  cikin 2015, kukis na Fortune ya sake samar da shi.

A waje da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Fortune Cookie, Strike ya ba da umarnin nunawa kamar Miss Dietrich Regrets (2015),  ''DOP'' (2019),  da ECLIPSED (2019).  Strike kuma  taimaka wajen daidaita labarin Snow White zuwa Snow White - The Ballet for Joburg Ballet a cikin 2017 . [1] &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-09-26-striking-the-right-tone-booker-prize-winning-novel-the-promise-reimagined-for-stage/ Striking the right tone — Booker Prize-winning novel ‘The Promise’ reimagined for stage] Daily Maverick. 26 September 2023&lt;/ref&gt; cikin 2023 ta yi aiki tare da Damon Galgut don daidaita littafinsa, The Promise a cikin samar da mataki.

=== Fim da talabijin ===
Strike ya bayyana a cikin fina-finai kamar ''[[Gundumar 9]]'' (2009).    taka rawa a shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar ''Wadanda Ba Za Ta Iya Ba,'', ''Black Sails'', Mad Dogs, da The Hot Zone.

== Kyaututtuka ==
An ba Strike kyautar Rosalie van den Gucht Best New Director a shekara ta 2004. A shekara ta 2006, an ba Strike lambar yabo ta Standard Bank Young Artist Award for Drama. A shekara ta 2010, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ashirin da biyar da aka zaba don Rolex Mentor Protégé Arts Initiative . 

Strike ta lashe lambar yabo ta Fleur du Cap Best Director Theatre Award saboda shahararren samar da Samuel Beckett's Endgame don Cibiyar Wasanni ta Baxter, Cape Town . An kuma ba da kyautar Endgame mafi kyawun samarwa da mafi kyawun Actor.  

A matsayinta na mai wasan kwaikwayo Strike ta lashe lambar yabo ta Naledi Best Actress Award 2004 da 2006 saboda rawar da ta taka a Black da Blue da Coupé . An ci gaba da zabar ta a cikin mafi kyawun darektan a Naledi, Fleur du Cap da Woordfees Awards 2016 don jagorancin da ta yi na wasan kwaikwayo na Tobacco da Dop . Miser ta lashe lambar yabo ta Naledi Best Director Award 2012 da kuma Best Production of a Play 2012.

A cikin shekara ta 2011, an ba da kyautar Naledi Award don samar da mafi kyawun Cutting Edge .  A cikin shekara ta 2014, an san Strike a matsayin mai zane-zane a bikin zane-zane na kasa a Afirka ta Kudu.  matsayinta na mai zane-zane, Strike ta yi aiki a kwamitin bikin zane-zane don ƙirƙirar sake dubawa game da aikinta.  ba Strike lambar yabo ta [[Kyautar Gasan Fina-finai ta Afurka ta kudu.|SAFTA]] ta 2017 a cikin rukunin Best Supporting Actress - TV Comedy don aikinta a cikin shirin Those Who Can't .  zabi Strike don Kyautar Kanna don jagorancin ''DOP'' a shekarar 2017. [1]

ba Strike lambar yabo ta Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres a shekarar 2018 saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga [[Yin zane-zane|zane-zane]].

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Alphonse Menyo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
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'''Alphonse Menyo''', [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan]] [[Ghana]] ne. An kuma san shi da rawar da ya taka a cikin fina-finan ''Freetown'' da ''Gold Coast Lounge''.&lt;ref name= ameyawdebrah&gt;{{cite web | url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/alphonse-menyo-ghanas-reigning-male-lead-actor/| title=Alphonse Menyo, Ghana's reigning male lead actor| publisher=ameyawdebrah | access-date=19 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
An haife shi a [[Accra]], [[Ghana]]. Mahaifinsa, Bernard Menyo, daga Gabashin Afirka ne. Tsohon ɗalibi ne na Cibiyar Fina-Finai da Talabijin ta Ƙasa (NAFTI). Bernard ya sami lambar yabo a [[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou|bikin Fina-Finai da Talabijin na Panafrica na Ouagadougou]] (FESPACO) na fim ɗin ''Whose fault''. Mahaifiyar Menyo, Eugenia, ƴar [[Ghana]] ce wacce ke aiki da wata kungiya mai zaman kanta.&lt;ref name= ameyawdebrah&gt;{{cite web | url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/alphonse-menyo-ghanas-reigning-male-lead-actor/| title=Alphonse Menyo, Ghana's reigning male lead actor| publisher=ameyawdebrah | access-date=19 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Menyo ya halarci makarantar Ghallywood Academy of Film Acting a Accra, [[Ghana]] don yin karatun silima da wasan kwaikwayo. Ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 2009 da wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin shekarar 2015, ya taka rawar farko ta cinema a cikin fim ɗin ''Freetown'' mai zaman kansa na [[Amurka]] wanda Garrett Batty ya ba da umarni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://mubi.com/cast/alphonse-menyo| title=Alphonse Menyo films| publisher=MUBI | access-date=19 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;  An nuna fim ɗin a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya da dama, kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta [[Ghana]] da dama.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title= Full list of winners at Ghana Movie Awards 2015 |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Full-list-of-winners-at-Ghana-Movie-Awards-2015-404293 |newspaper=GhanaWeb |access-date=11 Feb 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Menyo ya fara fitowa a matsayin darakta tare da fim ɗin ''Utopia''. Fim ɗin ya samu naɗin takara huɗu a Ghana Movie Awards. A cikin shekarar 2017, ''Utopia'' ya zama fim ɗin Ghana ɗaya tilo da aka zaɓa kuma aka nuna shi a Helsinki African Film Festival (HAFF). A cikin shekarar 2017, ya yi aiki a cikin ɗan gajeren fim mai ban sha'awa na ''Black Rose'' wanda Pascal Aka ya jagoranta. A cikin shekarar 2018, ya shiga tare da Pascal Aka na gaba kamfani, kuma tauraro a cikin gajeren fim ɗin ''Cin hanci da rashawa''. Menyo ya lashe kyautar Yaa Asantewaa a [[Black Star International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na Black Star International]] saboda rawar da ya taka kuma ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun jarumi a Fickin International Film Festival a [[Kinshasa]], Kongo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title= Full list of winners at Ghana Movie Awards 2015 |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Full-list-of-winners-at-Ghana-Movie-Awards-2015-404293 |newspaper=GhanaWeb |access-date=11 Feb 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

An zaɓe shi don wakiltar [[Ghana]] a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na matasa na duniya na shekarar 2019 a Masar. Daga baya a cikin shekara, ya taka rawar 'Daniel' a cikin fim din ''Gold Coast Lounge''. Don rawar da ya taka, ya ci lambar yabo don Mafi kyawun Jarumin Jarumi a Kyautar Fina-finan Ghana na shekarar 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title= Full list of winners at Ghana Movie Awards 2015 |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Full-list-of-winners-at-Ghana-Movie-Awards-2015-404293 |newspaper=GhanaWeb |access-date=11 Feb 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filmography ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
! Fim
! Matsayi
! Salon
! Ref.
|-
| 2015
| ''Freetown''
| Meyer
| Fim
|
|-
| 2017
| ''Black Rose''
| Daniyel
| Short film
|
|-
| 2020
| ''Zauren Kasuwanci na Gold Coast''
| Daniyel
| Fim
|
|}

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Haihuwan 1998]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>f7hh36ra2336uhliyt6tf9knezj388f</sha1>
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      <id>893176</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
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      <origin>893176</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3824" sha1="5ouftmthy3elohhfqo12mjctidyt6zs" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Alphonse Menyo''', [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan]] [[Ghana]] ne. An kuma san shi da rawar da ya taka a cikin fina-finan ''Freetown'' da ''Gold Coast Lounge''.&lt;ref name= ameyawdebrah&gt;{{cite web | url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/alphonse-menyo-ghanas-reigning-male-lead-actor/| title=Alphonse Menyo, Ghana's reigning male lead actor| publisher=ameyawdebrah | access-date=19 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
An haife shi a [[Accra]], [[Ghana]]. Mahaifinsa, Bernard Menyo, daga Gabashin Afirka ne. Tsohon ɗalibi ne na Cibiyar Fina-Finai da Talabijin ta Ƙasa (NAFTI). Bernard ya sami lambar yabo a [[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou|bikin Fina-Finai da Talabijin na Panafrica na Ouagadougou]] (FESPACO) na fim ɗin ''Whose fault''. Mahaifiyar Menyo, Eugenia, ƴar [[Ghana]] ce wacce ke aiki da wata kungiya mai zaman kanta.&lt;ref name= ameyawdebrah&gt;{{cite web | url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/alphonse-menyo-ghanas-reigning-male-lead-actor/| title=Alphonse Menyo, Ghana's reigning male lead actor| publisher=ameyawdebrah | access-date=19 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Menyo ya halarci makarantar Ghallywood Academy of Film Acting a Accra, [[Ghana]] don yin karatun silima da wasan kwaikwayo. Ya kuma fara wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 2009 da wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin shekarar 2015, ya taka rawar farko ta cinema a cikin fim ɗin ''Freetown'' mai zaman kansa na [[Amurka]] wanda Garrett Batty ya ba da umarni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://mubi.com/cast/alphonse-menyo| title=Alphonse Menyo films| publisher=MUBI | access-date=19 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;  An nuna fim ɗin a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya da dama, kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta [[Ghana]] da dama.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title= Full list of winners at Ghana Movie Awards 2015 |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Full-list-of-winners-at-Ghana-Movie-Awards-2015-404293 |newspaper=GhanaWeb |access-date=11 Feb 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Menyo ya fara fitowa a matsayin darakta tare da fim ɗin ''Utopia''. Fim ɗin ya samu naɗin takara huɗu a Ghana Movie Awards. A cikin shekarar 2017, ''Utopia'' ya zama fim ɗin Ghana ɗaya tilo da aka zaɓa kuma aka nuna shi a Helsinki African Film Festival (HAFF). A cikin shekarar 2017, ya kuma yi aiki a cikin ɗan gajeren fim mai ban sha'awa na ''Black Rose'' wanda Pascal Aka ya jagoranta. A cikin shekarar 2018, ya shiga tare da Pascal Aka na gaba kamfani, kuma tauraro a cikin gajeren fim ɗin ''Cin hanci da rashawa''. Menyo ya lashe kyautar Yaa Asantewaa a [[Black Star International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na Black Star International]] saboda rawar da ya taka kuma ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun jarumi a Fickin International Film Festival a [[Kinshasa]], Kongo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title= Full list of winners at Ghana Movie Awards 2015 |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Full-list-of-winners-at-Ghana-Movie-Awards-2015-404293 |newspaper=GhanaWeb |access-date=11 Feb 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

An kuma zaɓe shi don wakiltar [[Ghana]] a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na matasa na duniya na shekarar 2019 a Masar. Daga baya a cikin shekara, ya taka rawar 'Daniel' a cikin fim ɗin ''Gold Coast Lounge''. Don rawar da ya taka, ya ci lambar yabo don Mafi kyawun Jarumin Jarumi a Kyautar Fina-finan Ghana na shekarar 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title= Full list of winners at Ghana Movie Awards 2015 |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Full-list-of-winners-at-Ghana-Movie-Awards-2015-404293 |newspaper=GhanaWeb |access-date=11 Feb 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filmography ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
! Fim
! Matsayi
! Salon
! Ref.
|-
| 2015
| ''Freetown''
| Meyer
| Fim
|
|-
| 2017
| ''Black Rose''
| Daniyel
| Short film
|
|-
| 2020
| ''Zauren Kasuwanci na Gold Coast''
| Daniyel
| Fim
|
|}

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Haihuwan 1998]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>5ouftmthy3elohhfqo12mjctidyt6zs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nadia Farès</title>
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        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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'''Nadia Farès''' (Larabci: نادية فارس, an haife ta a ranar 20 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1968 a [[Marrakesh|Marrakech, Morocco]] ) &lt;ref&gt;[https://filmnerd.club/star/nadia-fares/ Nadia Farès]{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ɗan wasa|'yar wasan kwaikwayo]] ce ta Maroko. Ta fara fitowa a fim a shekarar 1992, tare da ''Abokan Matata (My Wife's Girlfriends)''. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne-18021/biographie/ NADIA FARÈS]&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi suna tare a police thriller Les Rivières pourpres (''The Crimson Rivers'' ). Ta fito a matsayin Jade Agent Kinler a cikin shekarar 2007 Action/thriller ''War'', kuma a matsayin Pia a cikin fim ɗin tsoro na shekarar 2007 ''Storm Warning''.

== Filmography ==

;Cinema
*1992 : ''[[Les amies de ma femme|My Wife's Girlfriends]]'' by Didier Van Cauwelaert : Béatrice de Mennoux
*1994 : ''Elles n'oublient jamais'' by Christopher Frank : Angela
*1995 : ''[[Policemen (film)|Policemen]] by Giulio Base : Stella
*1995 : ''[[Dis-moi oui...]]'' by [[Alexandre Arcady]] : Florence
*1996 : ''[[Hommes, femmes : mode d'emploi]]'' by [[Claude Lelouch]] : The new secretary of Blanc
*1997 : ''Les Démons de Jésus'' by Bernie Bonvoisin : Marie
*1997 : ''[[Sous les pieds des femmes]]'' by [[Rachida Krim]] : Fouzia
*1999 : ''Les Grandes Bouches'' by Bernie Bonvoisin : Esther
*1999 : ''[[A Monkey's Tale]]'' (''Le Château des singes'') by [[Jean-François Laguionie]] : voice of Gina
*2000 : ''[[The Crimson Rivers]]'' (''Les Rivières pourpres'') by [[Mathieu Kassovitz]] : Fanny Ferreira
*2001 : ''Coup franc indirect'' by Youcef Hamidi
*2002 : ''[[The Nest (2002 film)|The Nest]]'' (''Nid de guêpes'') by [[Florent Emilio Siri]] : Hélène Laborie
*2002 : ''Le Mal de vivre'' by Jean-Michel Pascal : Sandrine
*2004 : ''Pour le plaisir'' by Dominique Deruddere : Julie, François' wife
*2005 : ''[[The Ex-Wife of My Life|L'Ex-femme de ma vie]]'' by [[Josiane Balasko]] : Ariane
*2007 : ''Insane'' by Jamie Blanks
*2007 : ''[[Storm Warning (2007 film)|Storm Warning]]'' by [[Jamie Blanks]] : Pia
*2017 : ''[[Chacun sa vie et son intime conviction]]'' by [[Claude Lelouch]]
*2019 : ''[[Lucky Day (film)|Lucky Day]]'' by [[Roger Avary]]

=== Talabijin ===
*1990 : ''[[Navarro (TV series)|Navarro]]'' : Sara (TV series, season 2, episode 1 : ''Fils de périph'')
*1991 : ''[[The Exile (TV series)|The Exile]]'' : Jacquie Decaux
*1992 : ''Le Second Voyage'' by Jean-Jacques Goron : Yasmina
*1992 : ''Force de frappe'' (''Counterstrike'') : Jeanette (Season 3, Episode 5 : No Honour Among Thieves)
*1995 : ''Le Cavalier des nuages'' by Gilles Béhat : Melka
*1995 : ''Quatre pour un loyer''
*1996 : ''Flairs ennemis'' by Robin Davis : Karen
*2001 : ''L'Enfant de la nuit'' by Marian Handwerker : Eva
*2002 : ''Apporte-moi ton amour'' by Éric Cantona : Nan
*2006 : ''L'Empire du Tigre'' by [[Gérard Marx]] : Gabrielle
*2007 : ''Rogue : L'Ultime Affrontement (War)'' by Philip G. Atwell : Agent Jade
*2009 : ''Revivre'' by Haim Bouzaglo : Emma Elbaz (TV series, 6 episodes)
*2016 : ''Marseille'' (TV series)
*2020 : ''La Promesse'' (TV series) : Inès

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1968]]</text>
      <sha1>0k2519yyj0yu15zodok7jnayj4q8o71</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hanan Tork</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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[[File:Hanan_turk.jpg  |thumb|Hanan Turk ]] 
'''Hanan Tork''' (an haifeta ranar 7 ga watan Maris 1975) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta ƙasar Masar mai ritaya kuma ballerina. An haife ta a matsayin '''Hanan Hasan Abdelkrim Tork'''' ({{lang-arz|حنان حسن عبد الكريم ترك}}), kuma ana lasafta a matsayin Hanan Tork. Tana da yaya biyu. Mahaifinta ya mallaki masana'antar tufafi (El Torky na tufafin mata).

Baya ga ayyukanta na fasaha, Hanan mai magana da yawun duniya ce ga agaji na duniya. Ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai rawa kuma ta kammala karatunta a Cibiyar Ballet ta Alkahira a shekarar 1993. Daga nan sai ta zama memba ta ƙungiyar Alkahira Ballet Group kuma ba da daɗewa ba ta koma ƙungiyar Classical Ballet Group.

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
[[File:Hanan_Turk.jpg|left|thumb| Hanan Turk]] 
Ta fara aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo lokacin da sanannen darektan [[Khairy Beshara]] ya gan ta kuma ya ba ta damar yin aiki tare da Nadia Al-Gindi a fim ɗin 1991 &quot;Raghbah Motawaheshah&quot;. Bayan haka, matashiyar mai rawa ta yi marmarin ƙarin kuma ta sami rawar da ta taka a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin &quot;El ''Awda El Akheera''&quot; tana da damar yin aiki tare da Salah Zulfikar a ɗaya daga cikin ayyukanta na ƙarshe. Matsayinta na gaba ya kasance a cikin &quot;''Be'r Sabe''&quot; &quot; tare da darektan Nur Eldemerdash . Daga cikin rawar da ta taka a talabijin akwai sassan El ''Sabr F El Mallahat'', El Mal W El Banun da ''Lan A'ish Fi Gelbab Abi'' . A shekara ta 1993, an ba ta wani matsayi da za ta fito a silver Screen: &quot;Dehk We Le'b We Gadd W Hobb&quot;. Babban damar da ta samu ta zo ne lokacin da sanannen darektan Youssef Chahine ya zaɓe ta don ta taka rawa a shirin ''El Mohager'' na shekarar 1994.

== Ritaya ==
[[Fayil:Hanan Turk.jpg|thumb|Hanan Tork]]
Tork ta  bar yin wasan kwaikwayo a lokacin watan Ramadan 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/mena/egypt/hijab-wearing-egyptian-actress-turk-calls-it-quits-1.1057860|title=Hijab-wearing Egyptian actress Turk calls it quits}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=مغزى وأساليب الإسلام السياسى لإقصاء المرأة {{!}} المصري اليوم|url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/2293666|access-date=2021-06-18|website=www.almasryalyoum.com|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga wannan lokacin, tana ɗora muryarta a fina-finai na Masar da jerin shirye-shirye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=أمين|first=هبة|date=2015-04-15|title=&quot;الشوباشى&quot; لـ&quot;الوطن&quot;: &quot;الحجاب&quot; معركة المجتمع لمواجهة الإسلام السياسى -|url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/709764|access-date=2021-06-18|website=الوطن|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fina-finai ==
=== Fim ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
!Movie   !! Translation    !!         Year            !!      Role / Movie's Poster 
|-
| ''Nas Tegannen''|| ''People Causing Madness''||1980|| 
|-
|  ''Fi El Eshq W El Safar''||''In Love And Travel''||1991|| 
|-
|  ''Raghbah Motawaheshah'' ||''Savage Desire'' || 1992 || '' Wafa''  
|-
|  ''Dehk W Le'b W Gadd W Hobb ''||''Laugh , Play , Work And Love'' || 1993 || ''Maha'' 
|-
|  ''El Mohager'' ||''The Immigrant'' || 1994|| Hati 
|-
|  '' Sareq El Farah'' ||''Thief Of Joy'' || 1994|| ''Rommanah''
|-
|  '' Ismailia Rayeh jayy'' ||''Ismailia To And Fro''||1997||''Salwa''
|-
|  '' Emraah W Khamsat Regal''||''A Woman And Five Men''||1997||''Nashwa'' 
|-
|  ''Fatah Men Israel''||''A Girl From Israel''||1999||''Aminah''
|-
|  ''El Akher''|| '' The Other''|| 1999||''Hanan''
|-
|'' El Asefah '' || ''The Storm''|| 2000 || '' Hayah ''
|-
|  '' Gawaz Be Qarar Gomhuri '' ||''Marriage By Presidential Decision''|| 2001 ||''Riham''
|-
|  ''Haramiyya Fi KG 2'' ||''Thieves In KG 2'' || 2001 ||'' Rim''
|-
|'' Etfarrag Ya Salam'' ||''Watch Wow''|| 2001 ||'' Halah ''
|-
|  '' El Hobb El Awwal'' ||''The First Love''|| 2001 ||''Wafa''
|-
|  ''Sekut Ha Nsawwar''||''Silence We Will Shoot''||2001||''Hanan''  
|-
|  '' Ga'ana El Byan El Tali'' ||''We Got The Following Statement'' || 2002|| ''Eeffat Elsherbini''
|-
|  ''Shabab Ala El Hawa''||''Youth On  Air''||2002||''Nadia'' 
|-
|  '' Mohami Khole''||''Divorce Lawyer''||2002||''Safinaz'' 
|-
|  ''Dil El Samakah'' ||''Tail Of Fish''|| 2003 || ''Nur''
|-
| ''[[Haramiyyah Fi Thailand]]'' ||''Thieves In Thailand''|| 2003 || ''Hanan''
|-
|  '' Sahar El Layali'' ||'' Sleepless Nights''|| 2003 ||'' Farah''
|-
|  '' Hobb El Banat'' ||''Girls' Love''|| 2004 ||'' Ghadah''
|-
|  '' Ahla El Awqat'' ||''The Best Times''|| 2004 ||'' Salma''
|-
|  ''Tito''|| ''[[Tito (2004 film)|Tito]]''|| 2004 || ''Nur''
|-
|  ''Donya'' ||''Donya''. It is named (''Kiss Me Not In The Eyes'' ) abroad '' || 2005 || ''Donya  ''                                                
|-
|  '' Kalam Fi El Hobb''||'' Words In Love'' || 2006 || ''Salma''
|-
|  '' El Hayah Montaha El Lazzah'' ||''Life Is Extremely Delicious''|| 2006 ||'' Hanan''
|-
| '' El Aba El Seghar''||''The Young Fathers'' ||2006||''Amal'' 
|-
| ''vElaqat Khasah''||''Private Relations''||2006||
|-
|'' Ass W Lazq '' ||'' Cut And Paste''|| 2007 ||''Gamilah ''
|-
|''Ahlam Haqiqiyyah'' ||''Real Dreams''|| 2007 || '' Maryam ''
|-
|''El Maslahah ''|| ''The Deal'' || 2012 ||'' Hanan''
|-
|}

=== Television ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
!Series   !! Translation !! Year           !! Role
|-
|''El Awda El Akheera''||''The Final Return'' ||1993||
|-
|''El Mal W El Banun''||''Money And Boys'' ||1993–1995||''Thorayya''
|-
|''El Sabr Fi El Mallahat''||''Patience In Salines''||1995||''Nura'' 
|-
|''Elzini Barakat''||''Elzini Barakat''|| 1995 ||''Samah''
|-
|'' Nesf Rabi3 Elakhar''||'' Half Of  The Other Rabi''||1996||''Omaymah''
|-
|''Lan A3ish Fi Gelbab Abi''||''I will Not Live In Gown Of My Father''||1996|| ''Nazirah''
|-
|''Samhuni Ma kansh Asdi''||''Forgive Me I didn't Mean It''||2000||''Wardah''
|-
|''El Watad''|| ''The Wedge'' ||2000||''Basmah''
|-
|''Opera Aydah''||''Opera Aydah''||2000||''Aydah''
|-
|''Sarah''||''Sarah''||2005||''Sarah''
|-
|''Awlad El shaware3''||''Children Of Streats''||2006||''Zinab''
|-
|''Hanem Bent Basha''||''Lady Daughter Of Lord''||2009||''Hanem''
|-
|''El Ottah El Amiyah''||''The Blind Cat''|| 2010||''Fatmah''
|-
|''Nunah El Mazunah''||''Nunah Employee Of Marriage''||2011||''Nunah''
|-
| ''El Okht Trez''||''Sister Trez''|| 2012 ||''Khadigah''/''Trez''
|-
|}

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}

==Hanyoyin Hadi na waje==
{{Portal|Egypt|Biography|Film}}
* {{IMDb name|id=0252770|name=Hanan Turk}}
* Hanan Turk Official Page https://web.archive.org/web/20110929134849/http://www.hananelturky.com/
*http://www.elcinema.com/person/pr1023973/

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Turk, Hanan}}
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1975]]</text>
      <sha1>7bamn6h0zdp7hsn34kd5xu1k1jkqzdn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893508</id>
      <parentid>893507</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:18:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893508</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6719" sha1="rxknyt4scbfotg8egalkgf7a2daqhwn" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
[[File:Hanan_turk.jpg  |thumb|Hanan Turk ]] 
'''Hanan Tork''' (an haifeta ranar 7 ga watan Maris 1975) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta ƙasar Masar mai ritaya kuma ballerina. An haife ta a matsayin '''Hanan Hasan Abdelkrim Tork'''' ({{lang-arz|حنان حسن عبد الكريم ترك}}), kuma ana lasafta a matsayin Hanan Tork. Tana da yaya biyu. Mahaifinta ya mallaki masana'antar tufafi (El Torky na tufafin mata).

Baya ga ayyukanta na fasaha, Hanan mai magana da yawun duniya ce ga agaji na duniya. Ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai rawa kuma ta kammala karatunta a Cibiyar Ballet ta Alkahira a shekarar 1993. Daga nan sai ta zama memba ta ƙungiyar Alkahira Ballet Group kuma ba da daɗewa ba ta koma ƙungiyar Classical Ballet Group.

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
[[File:Hanan_Turk.jpg|left|thumb| Hanan Turk]] 
Ta fara aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo lokacin da sanannen darektan [[Khairy Beshara]] ya gan ta kuma ya ba ta damar yin aiki tare da Nadia Al-Gindi a fim ɗin shekarar 1991 &quot;Raghbah Motawaheshah&quot;. Bayan haka, matashiyar mai rawa ta yi marmarin ƙarin kuma ta sami rawar da ta taka a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin &quot;El ''Awda El Akheera''&quot; tana da damar yin aiki tare da Salah Zulfikar a ɗaya daga cikin ayyukanta na ƙarshe. Matsayinta na gaba ya kasance a cikin &quot;''Be'r Sabe''&quot; &quot; tare da darektan Nur Eldemerdash . Daga cikin rawar da ta taka a talabijin akwai sassan El ''Sabr F El Mallahat'', El Mal W El Banun da ''Lan A'ish Fi Gelbab Abi'' . A shekara ta 1993, an ba ta wani matsayi da za ta fito a silver Screen: &quot;Dehk We Le'b We Gadd W Hobb&quot;. Babban damar da ta samu ta zo ne lokacin da sanannen darektan Youssef Chahine ya zaɓe ta don ta taka rawa a shirin ''El Mohager'' na shekarar 1994.

== Ritaya ==
[[Fayil:Hanan Turk.jpg|thumb|Hanan Tork]]
Tork ta  bar yin wasan kwaikwayo a lokacin watan Ramadan 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/mena/egypt/hijab-wearing-egyptian-actress-turk-calls-it-quits-1.1057860|title=Hijab-wearing Egyptian actress Turk calls it quits}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=مغزى وأساليب الإسلام السياسى لإقصاء المرأة {{!}} المصري اليوم|url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/2293666|access-date=2021-06-18|website=www.almasryalyoum.com|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga wannan lokacin, tana ɗora muryarta a fina-finai na Masar da jerin shirye-shirye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=أمين|first=هبة|date=2015-04-15|title=&quot;الشوباشى&quot; لـ&quot;الوطن&quot;: &quot;الحجاب&quot; معركة المجتمع لمواجهة الإسلام السياسى -|url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/709764|access-date=2021-06-18|website=الوطن|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fina-finai ==
=== Fim ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
!Movie   !! Translation    !!         Year            !!      Role / Movie's Poster 
|-
| ''Nas Tegannen''|| ''People Causing Madness''||1980|| 
|-
|  ''Fi El Eshq W El Safar''||''In Love And Travel''||1991|| 
|-
|  ''Raghbah Motawaheshah'' ||''Savage Desire'' || 1992 || '' Wafa''  
|-
|  ''Dehk W Le'b W Gadd W Hobb ''||''Laugh , Play , Work And Love'' || 1993 || ''Maha'' 
|-
|  ''El Mohager'' ||''The Immigrant'' || 1994|| Hati 
|-
|  '' Sareq El Farah'' ||''Thief Of Joy'' || 1994|| ''Rommanah''
|-
|  '' Ismailia Rayeh jayy'' ||''Ismailia To And Fro''||1997||''Salwa''
|-
|  '' Emraah W Khamsat Regal''||''A Woman And Five Men''||1997||''Nashwa'' 
|-
|  ''Fatah Men Israel''||''A Girl From Israel''||1999||''Aminah''
|-
|  ''El Akher''|| '' The Other''|| 1999||''Hanan''
|-
|'' El Asefah '' || ''The Storm''|| 2000 || '' Hayah ''
|-
|  '' Gawaz Be Qarar Gomhuri '' ||''Marriage By Presidential Decision''|| 2001 ||''Riham''
|-
|  ''Haramiyya Fi KG 2'' ||''Thieves In KG 2'' || 2001 ||'' Rim''
|-
|'' Etfarrag Ya Salam'' ||''Watch Wow''|| 2001 ||'' Halah ''
|-
|  '' El Hobb El Awwal'' ||''The First Love''|| 2001 ||''Wafa''
|-
|  ''Sekut Ha Nsawwar''||''Silence We Will Shoot''||2001||''Hanan''  
|-
|  '' Ga'ana El Byan El Tali'' ||''We Got The Following Statement'' || 2002|| ''Eeffat Elsherbini''
|-
|  ''Shabab Ala El Hawa''||''Youth On  Air''||2002||''Nadia'' 
|-
|  '' Mohami Khole''||''Divorce Lawyer''||2002||''Safinaz'' 
|-
|  ''Dil El Samakah'' ||''Tail Of Fish''|| 2003 || ''Nur''
|-
| ''[[Haramiyyah Fi Thailand]]'' ||''Thieves In Thailand''|| 2003 || ''Hanan''
|-
|  '' Sahar El Layali'' ||'' Sleepless Nights''|| 2003 ||'' Farah''
|-
|  '' Hobb El Banat'' ||''Girls' Love''|| 2004 ||'' Ghadah''
|-
|  '' Ahla El Awqat'' ||''The Best Times''|| 2004 ||'' Salma''
|-
|  ''Tito''|| ''[[Tito (2004 film)|Tito]]''|| 2004 || ''Nur''
|-
|  ''Donya'' ||''Donya''. It is named (''Kiss Me Not In The Eyes'' ) abroad '' || 2005 || ''Donya  ''                                                
|-
|  '' Kalam Fi El Hobb''||'' Words In Love'' || 2006 || ''Salma''
|-
|  '' El Hayah Montaha El Lazzah'' ||''Life Is Extremely Delicious''|| 2006 ||'' Hanan''
|-
| '' El Aba El Seghar''||''The Young Fathers'' ||2006||''Amal'' 
|-
| ''vElaqat Khasah''||''Private Relations''||2006||
|-
|'' Ass W Lazq '' ||'' Cut And Paste''|| 2007 ||''Gamilah ''
|-
|''Ahlam Haqiqiyyah'' ||''Real Dreams''|| 2007 || '' Maryam ''
|-
|''El Maslahah ''|| ''The Deal'' || 2012 ||'' Hanan''
|-
|}

=== Television ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
!Series   !! Translation !! Year           !! Role
|-
|''El Awda El Akheera''||''The Final Return'' ||1993||
|-
|''El Mal W El Banun''||''Money And Boys'' ||1993–1995||''Thorayya''
|-
|''El Sabr Fi El Mallahat''||''Patience In Salines''||1995||''Nura'' 
|-
|''Elzini Barakat''||''Elzini Barakat''|| 1995 ||''Samah''
|-
|'' Nesf Rabi3 Elakhar''||'' Half Of  The Other Rabi''||1996||''Omaymah''
|-
|''Lan A3ish Fi Gelbab Abi''||''I will Not Live In Gown Of My Father''||1996|| ''Nazirah''
|-
|''Samhuni Ma kansh Asdi''||''Forgive Me I didn't Mean It''||2000||''Wardah''
|-
|''El Watad''|| ''The Wedge'' ||2000||''Basmah''
|-
|''Opera Aydah''||''Opera Aydah''||2000||''Aydah''
|-
|''Sarah''||''Sarah''||2005||''Sarah''
|-
|''Awlad El shaware3''||''Children Of Streats''||2006||''Zinab''
|-
|''Hanem Bent Basha''||''Lady Daughter Of Lord''||2009||''Hanem''
|-
|''El Ottah El Amiyah''||''The Blind Cat''|| 2010||''Fatmah''
|-
|''Nunah El Mazunah''||''Nunah Employee Of Marriage''||2011||''Nunah''
|-
| ''El Okht Trez''||''Sister Trez''|| 2012 ||''Khadigah''/''Trez''
|-
|}

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}

==Hanyoyin Hadi na waje==
{{Portal|Egypt|Biography|Film}}
* {{IMDb name|id=0252770|name=Hanan Turk}}
* Hanan Turk Official Page https://web.archive.org/web/20110929134849/http://www.hananelturky.com/
*http://www.elcinema.com/person/pr1023973/

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Turk, Hanan}}
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1975]]</text>
      <sha1>rxknyt4scbfotg8egalkgf7a2daqhwn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rim Riahi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>73631</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893542</id>
      <parentid>497063</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:41:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893542</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3966" sha1="kzlxaznxwaxyvi4lv0zuw3m9kbmv8ro" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:The Battle for Iran - 2014 release - pages 1-25.pdf|thumb|daya daga cikin takardu]]
'''Rim Riahi''' (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta alif ɗari tara da saba'in miladiyya 1970) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce 'yar Tunisiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://elcinema.com/en/person/1997177/| title=Rim Riahi| publisher=elcinema | access-date=14 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;  An fi saninta da rawar da ta taka a matsayin &quot;Hanène Lahmar&quot; a cikin jerin talabijin ''Naouret El Hawa.''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.tunisia-today.com/archives/62873| title=Ali Abidi's 'The Last Hour': World Premiere at Redeyef| publisher=Tunisia Today| access-date=14 November 2020| archive-date=26 November 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126130634/http://www.tunisia-today.com/archives/62873| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
[[Fayil:Couv-Tunivisions Juillet-Août 2016.jpg|thumb|Rim Riahi]]
An haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu 1977 a Tunisia. Ta yi aure da darektan Tunisiya [[Madih Belaid|Madih Belaïd]] inda ma'auratan ke da 'ya'ya uku.

== Sana'a ==
A shekara ta 1997, ta fara aiki tare da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''El Khottab Al Bab'', inda ta taka rawa a matsayin &quot;Raoudha&quot;. Tare da nasarar serial, an zaɓe ta don bikin  1998, ''Moon Wedding'' wanda Taïeb Louhichi ya jagoranta. Sannan a cikin shekarar 1999, ta fito a cikin jerin talabijin na ''Ghalia'' wanda Moncef El Kateb ya jagoranta.

A farkon sabon karni, ta sami jagoranci a allon talabijin, inda ta taka rawa a matsayin &quot;Lilia Mardoum-Srairi&quot; a cikin shahararren gidan talabijin na ''Gamret Sidi Mahrous'' wanda Slaheddine Essid ya jagoranta a 2002. A cikin shekarar 2006, ta taka rawa a matsayin &quot;Zohra&quot; a cikin fim ɗin Mohamed Ghodhbane ''Hayet Wa Amani.''

A cikin shekarar 2014, ta zama tauraruwa a cikin jerin talabijin ''Naouret El Hawa'', wanda mijinta Belaïd ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin ya shahara sosai kuma ta sami lambar yabo ga Best Actress saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin &quot;Hanène Lahmar&quot; a cikin jerin  ''Naouret El Hawa'' a waccan shekarar. Ta lashe lambar yabo ta tauraruwar Ramadan a lambar yabo ta Romdhane da Mosaïque FM ta bayar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://archivev2.mosaiquefm.net/fr/index/a/ActuDetail/Element/40237-romdhane-awards-le-prix-de-meilleure-actrice-revient-a-rim-riahi| title=Romdhane Awards: Best Actress Award goes to Rim Riahi| publisher=mosaiquefm| access-date=14 November 2020| archive-date=7 March 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307020017/http://archivev2.mosaiquefm.net/fr/index/a/ActuDetail/Element/40237-romdhane-awards-le-prix-de-meilleure-actrice-revient-a-rim-riahi| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.babnet.net/cadredetail-10168.asp| title=Ellombara by Ali Laâbidi: a life to burn| publisher=babnet | access-date=14 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filmography ==

=== Cinema ===

* 1998 : Moon wedding, na Taïeb Louhichi
* 2006 : ''Ellombara'', na Ali Abidi
* 2010 : The Last hour, na Ali Abidi

=== Serials na talabijin ===

* 1997 : ''El Khottab Al Bab'' (Suitors suna kan kofa) (lokaci na 2), na [[Slaheddine Essid]] : Raudha
* 1999 : ''Ghalia'' (Precious), na [[Moncef El Kateb]]
* 2002 : ''Gamret Sidi Mahrous'' (The Moon of Master Mahrus), na Slaheddine Essid Lilia Mardum Srairi
* 2005 : ''Mal Wa Amal'' (Kudi da Fata), na [[Abdelkader Jerbi]]
* 2006 : ''Hayet Wa Amani'' (Life and Wishes), na Mohamed Ghodhbane : Zohra
* 2010 : ''Njoum Ellil'' (Night Stars) (Season 2), na [[Madih Belaid]] : Hanen Lahmar
* 2014-2015 : ''Naouret El Hawa'' (Air Waterwheel), na Madih Belaid
* 2016 : ''Al Akaber'' (Mai Girma), na Madih Belaid
* 2020 : ''Nouba'' (Season 2) na [[Abdelhamid Bouchnak]] : Najwa
* 2021 : ''Machair'' (ji) na Muhammet Gök : Rym
* 2022 : ''Baraa'' (Innocence) na [[Mourad Ben Cheikh]] and Sami Fehri : Zohra
* 2023-[[2024]] : ''Fallujah'' na [[Sawssen Jemni]] : Dalila

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Haifaffun 1977]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>kzlxaznxwaxyvi4lv0zuw3m9kbmv8ro</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893543</id>
      <parentid>893542</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:41:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893543</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3976" sha1="m60wf1xpiucmf8bpbtx8punv67wxhjx" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:The Battle for Iran - 2014 release - pages 1-25.pdf|thumb|daya daga cikin takardu]]
'''Rim Riahi''' (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta alif ɗari tara da saba'in miladiyya 1970) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce 'yar Tunisiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://elcinema.com/en/person/1997177/| title=Rim Riahi| publisher=elcinema | access-date=14 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;  An fi saninta da rawar da ta taka a matsayin &quot;Hanène Lahmar&quot; a cikin jerin talabijin ''Naouret El Hawa.''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.tunisia-today.com/archives/62873| title=Ali Abidi's 'The Last Hour': World Premiere at Redeyef| publisher=Tunisia Today| access-date=14 November 2020| archive-date=26 November 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126130634/http://www.tunisia-today.com/archives/62873| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
[[Fayil:Couv-Tunivisions Juillet-Août 2016.jpg|thumb|Rim Riahi]]
An haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1977 a Tunisia. Ta yi aure da darektan Tunisiya [[Madih Belaid|Madih Belaïd]] inda ma'auratan ke da 'ya'ya uku.

== Sana'a ==
A shekara ta 1997, ta fara aiki tare da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''El Khottab Al Bab'', inda ta taka rawa a matsayin &quot;Raoudha&quot;. Tare da nasarar serial, an zaɓe ta don bikin  1998, ''Moon Wedding'' wanda Taïeb Louhichi ya jagoranta. Sannan a cikin shekarar 1999, ta fito a cikin jerin talabijin na ''Ghalia'' wanda Moncef El Kateb ya jagoranta.

A farkon sabon karni, ta sami jagoranci a allon talabijin, inda ta taka rawa a matsayin &quot;Lilia Mardoum-Srairi&quot; a cikin shahararren gidan talabijin na ''Gamret Sidi Mahrous'' wanda Slaheddine Essid ya jagoranta a 2002. A cikin shekarar 2006, ta taka rawa a matsayin &quot;Zohra&quot; a cikin fim ɗin Mohamed Ghodhbane ''Hayet Wa Amani.''

A cikin shekarar 2014, ta zama tauraruwa a cikin jerin talabijin ''Naouret El Hawa'', wanda mijinta Belaïd ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin ya shahara sosai kuma ta sami lambar yabo ga Best Actress saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin &quot;Hanène Lahmar&quot; a cikin jerin  ''Naouret El Hawa'' a waccan shekarar. Ta lashe lambar yabo ta tauraruwar Ramadan a lambar yabo ta Romdhane da Mosaïque FM ta bayar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://archivev2.mosaiquefm.net/fr/index/a/ActuDetail/Element/40237-romdhane-awards-le-prix-de-meilleure-actrice-revient-a-rim-riahi| title=Romdhane Awards: Best Actress Award goes to Rim Riahi| publisher=mosaiquefm| access-date=14 November 2020| archive-date=7 March 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307020017/http://archivev2.mosaiquefm.net/fr/index/a/ActuDetail/Element/40237-romdhane-awards-le-prix-de-meilleure-actrice-revient-a-rim-riahi| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.babnet.net/cadredetail-10168.asp| title=Ellombara by Ali Laâbidi: a life to burn| publisher=babnet | access-date=14 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filmography ==

=== Cinema ===

* 1998 : Moon wedding, na Taïeb Louhichi
* 2006 : ''Ellombara'', na Ali Abidi
* 2010 : The Last hour, na Ali Abidi

=== Serials na talabijin ===

* 1997 : ''El Khottab Al Bab'' (Suitors suna kan kofa) (lokaci na 2), na [[Slaheddine Essid]] : Raudha
* 1999 : ''Ghalia'' (Precious), na [[Moncef El Kateb]]
* 2002 : ''Gamret Sidi Mahrous'' (The Moon of Master Mahrus), na Slaheddine Essid Lilia Mardum Srairi
* 2005 : ''Mal Wa Amal'' (Kudi da Fata), na [[Abdelkader Jerbi]]
* 2006 : ''Hayet Wa Amani'' (Life and Wishes), na Mohamed Ghodhbane : Zohra
* 2010 : ''Njoum Ellil'' (Night Stars) (Season 2), na [[Madih Belaid]] : Hanen Lahmar
* 2014-2015 : ''Naouret El Hawa'' (Air Waterwheel), na Madih Belaid
* 2016 : ''Al Akaber'' (Mai Girma), na Madih Belaid
* 2020 : ''Nouba'' (Season 2) na [[Abdelhamid Bouchnak]] : Najwa
* 2021 : ''Machair'' (ji) na Muhammet Gök : Rym
* 2022 : ''Baraa'' (Innocence) na [[Mourad Ben Cheikh]] and Sami Fehri : Zohra
* 2023-[[2024]] : ''Fallujah'' na [[Sawssen Jemni]] : Dalila

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Haifaffun 1977]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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      <id>893544</id>
      <parentid>893543</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:41:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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[[Fayil:The Battle for Iran - 2014 release - pages 1-25.pdf|thumb|daya daga cikin takardu]]
'''Rim Riahi''' (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta alif ɗari tara da saba'in miladiyya 1970) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce 'yar Tunisiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://elcinema.com/en/person/1997177/| title=Rim Riahi| publisher=elcinema | access-date=14 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;  An fi saninta da rawar da ta taka a matsayin &quot;Hanène Lahmar&quot; a cikin jerin talabijin ''Naouret El Hawa.''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.tunisia-today.com/archives/62873| title=Ali Abidi's 'The Last Hour': World Premiere at Redeyef| publisher=Tunisia Today| access-date=14 November 2020| archive-date=26 November 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126130634/http://www.tunisia-today.com/archives/62873| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
[[Fayil:Couv-Tunivisions Juillet-Août 2016.jpg|thumb|Rim Riahi]]
An haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1977 a Tunisia. Ta yi aure da darektan Tunisiya [[Madih Belaid|Madih Belaïd]] inda ma'auratan ke da 'ya'ya uku.

== Sana'a ==
A shekara ta 1997, ta fara aiki tare da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''El Khottab Al Bab'', inda ta taka rawa a matsayin &quot;Raoudha&quot;. Tare da nasarar serial, an zaɓe ta don bikin  1998, ''Moon Wedding'' wanda Taïeb Louhichi ya jagoranta. Sannan a cikin shekarar 1999, ta fito a cikin jerin talabijin na ''Ghalia'' wanda Moncef El Kateb ya jagoranta.

A farkon sabon ƙarni, ta sami jagoranci a allon talabijin, inda ta taka rawa a matsayin &quot;Lilia Mardoum-Srairi&quot; a cikin shahararren gidan talabijin na ''Gamret Sidi Mahrous'' wanda Slaheddine Essid ya jagoranta a 2002. A cikin shekarar 2006, ta taka rawa a matsayin &quot;Zohra&quot; a cikin fim ɗin Mohamed Ghodhbane ''Hayet Wa Amani.''

A cikin shekarar 2014, ta zama tauraruwa a cikin jerin talabijin ''Naouret El Hawa'', wanda mijinta Belaïd ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin ya shahara sosai kuma ta sami lambar yabo ga Best Actress saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin &quot;Hanène Lahmar&quot; a cikin jerin  ''Naouret El Hawa'' a waccan shekarar. Ta lashe lambar yabo ta tauraruwar Ramadan a lambar yabo ta Romdhane da Mosaïque FM ta bayar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://archivev2.mosaiquefm.net/fr/index/a/ActuDetail/Element/40237-romdhane-awards-le-prix-de-meilleure-actrice-revient-a-rim-riahi| title=Romdhane Awards: Best Actress Award goes to Rim Riahi| publisher=mosaiquefm| access-date=14 November 2020| archive-date=7 March 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307020017/http://archivev2.mosaiquefm.net/fr/index/a/ActuDetail/Element/40237-romdhane-awards-le-prix-de-meilleure-actrice-revient-a-rim-riahi| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.babnet.net/cadredetail-10168.asp| title=Ellombara by Ali Laâbidi: a life to burn| publisher=babnet | access-date=14 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filmography ==

=== Cinema ===

* 1998 : Moon wedding, na Taïeb Louhichi
* 2006 : ''Ellombara'', na Ali Abidi
* 2010 : The Last hour, na Ali Abidi

=== Serials na talabijin ===

* 1997 : ''El Khottab Al Bab'' (Suitors suna kan kofa) (lokaci na 2), na [[Slaheddine Essid]] : Raudha
* 1999 : ''Ghalia'' (Precious), na [[Moncef El Kateb]]
* 2002 : ''Gamret Sidi Mahrous'' (The Moon of Master Mahrus), na Slaheddine Essid Lilia Mardum Srairi
* 2005 : ''Mal Wa Amal'' (Kudi da Fata), na [[Abdelkader Jerbi]]
* 2006 : ''Hayet Wa Amani'' (Life and Wishes), na Mohamed Ghodhbane : Zohra
* 2010 : ''Njoum Ellil'' (Night Stars) (Season 2), na [[Madih Belaid]] : Hanen Lahmar
* 2014-2015 : ''Naouret El Hawa'' (Air Waterwheel), na Madih Belaid
* 2016 : ''Al Akaber'' (Mai Girma), na Madih Belaid
* 2020 : ''Nouba'' (Season 2) na [[Abdelhamid Bouchnak]] : Najwa
* 2021 : ''Machair'' (ji) na Muhammet Gök : Rym
* 2022 : ''Baraa'' (Innocence) na [[Mourad Ben Cheikh]] and Sami Fehri : Zohra
* 2023-[[2024]] : ''Fallujah'' na [[Sawssen Jemni]] : Dalila

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Haifaffun 1977]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sam Bagenda</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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'''Sam Bagenda''', wanda aka fi sani da sunansa '''Dr. Bbosa''', (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Maris 1965), fitaccen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma mawaƙi [[Uganda|na Uganda]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=https://filmhackers.org/artists/sam-bagenda/| title=SAM BAGENDA AKA DR BOSA: Actor| publisher=filmhackers| access-date=25 October 2020| archive-date=5 December 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205184512/https://filmhackers.org/artists/sam-bagenda/| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://uganda.spla.pro/en/file.person.sam-bagenda-dr-bossa.49158.html| title=SAM BAGENDA (Dr. Bossa)| publisher=uganda.spla| access-date=25 October 2020| archive-date=30 October 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030011443/http://uganda.spla.pro/en/file.person.sam-bagenda-dr-bossa.49158.html| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Ya fara sana'arsa a matsayin mawaki, daga baya Bagenda ya zama fitaccen ɗan wasa, wanda ya yi fice wajen rawar da ya taka a fim ɗin Malayalam ''na tserewa daga Uganda'' da kuma fim ɗin ''That's Life Mwattu''.&lt;ref name= ebonies&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.facebook.com/ebonies256/posts/know-your-starsam-bagenda-aka-dr-bbosa-before-so-many-of-you-were-born-dr-bbosa-/10153160649032661/| title=KNOW YOUR STAR!!!: SAM BAGENDA aka Dr, BBOSA | publisher=THE EBONIES official facebook page | access-date=25 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;  A halin da ake ciki, Bagenda kuma an zaɓe shi ɗan wasan Yuganda na ƙarni a shekarar 2000.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/08/dr-bbosa-still-waiting-on-museveni-ugx-100m-pledge.html| title=Dr Bbosa still waiting on Museveni UGX.100M pledge| publisher=pmldaily | access-date=25 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
An haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Maris 1965, a Mukono, Uganda, a cikin iyali tare da 'yan'uwa huɗu. Mahaifinsa Dr. Sam Bakiranze likita ne kuma mahaifiyarsa Margaret Bakiranze malama ce. Ya fara karatu daga Auntie Clare da makarantun Nursery City. Daga baya ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Kitante sannan ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare a Lubiri Secondary School, [[Kampala]] da Caltek Academy Makerere. Daga baya ya kammala karatunsa na digiri na farko a fannin kasuwanci tare da nuna son kai a fannin tantancewa daga jami'ar Makerere.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=23283:quick-talk-dr-bbosa-plans-to-keep-going-at-80| title=Quick Talk: Dr Bbosa plans to keep going at 80| publisher=observer| access-date=25 October 2020| archive-date=5 December 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205184510/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=23283:quick-talk-dr-bbosa-plans-to-keep-going-at-80| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  A halin yanzu, ya kammala kwas na Public Accountants (CPA) a Kwalejin Graffins [[Kenya]] shima.&lt;ref name= independent&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.independent.co.ug/dr-bbosa-sam-bagenda/| title=`Dr. Bbosa’ Sam Bagenda | publisher=independent | access-date=25 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;    Sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin akawu na wasu shekaru kafin ya shiga wasan kwaikwayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/110899| title=Dr Bbosa keeps career growing using three ‘Ps’| publisher=newtimes | access-date=25 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Bagenda ya fara rera waka a cocin Anglican Church Choir of St. Pauls Church a Mulago tun yana ƙarami. Koyaya, bayan firist na Ikklesiya ya kore shi daga cocin, wasu membobin ƙungiyar mawakan coci sun haɗa shi kuma ya kafa ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta bishara ''Sun Rose-85'' a cikin shekarar 1985. A cikin watan Disamba 1986, ya fara shiga The Ebonies kuma ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mawaƙi mai zurfin murya, tare da Marigayi Jimmy Katumba, sun yi a cikin bukukuwa da yawa kuma daga baya sun fito da mashahurin ballad ''Twalina omukwano neguf''.&lt;ref name= independent/&gt;   Babban aikinsa na farko shine a cikin watan Janairu 1987 a babban buɗewar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bat Valley na yanzu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/110899| title=Dr Bbosa keeps career growing using three ‘Ps’| publisher=newtimes | access-date=25 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya yi aikinsa na farko a matsayin 'firist' a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''na Dala''. Sa’ad da ya kai kololuwar shahararsa a matsayinsa na mawaƙi, ya haɗu da marubucin wasan kwaikwayo da darakta, JWK Ssembajwe.  A shekarar 1993, ya taka rawa a matsayin da Dr. Sam Bbosa' a cikin mashahurin jerin talabijin na Uganda ''That's Life Mwattu''. Ya zama abin sha'awa a kafafen yaɗa labarai bayan jerin shirye-shiryen, inda aka fi saninsa da 'Dr. Bbosa' a cikin mutanen yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/110899| title=Dr Bbosa keeps career growing using three ‘Ps’| publisher=newtimes | access-date=25 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filmography ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
! Fim
! Matsayi
! Salon
! Ref.
|-
| 1993
| ''Rayuwa Mwattu ke nan''
| Dr. Sam Bosa
| fim
|
|-
| 2013
| ''Ku tsere daga Uganda''
| Magajin Gari
| Fim ɗin Malayalam
|
|-
|
| ''Damuwa da kuma Ecstasy'' 
|
|
|
|-
|
| ''The Boss'' 
|
|
|
|-
|
| ''Abokan ƙasa'' 
|
|
|
|-
|
| ''Daisy'' 
|
|
|
|-
|
| ''Dala'' 
|
|
|
|-
|
| ''Damuwa'' 
|
|
|
|-
|
| ''Bibawo'' 
|
|
|
|-
|
| ''OMG'' 
|
|
|
|-
|
| ''Kyekyo''
|
|
|
|}

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Haihuwan 1965]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>KAC Marrakech</title>
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'''Kawkab  Athlétique Club of Marrakech''' ( {{Lang-ar|الكوكب المراكشي}}  ; '''KACM''' ) ƙwararriyar ƙungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon]] ƙafa ce ta Morocco wacce ke a [[Marrakesh|Marrakech]] . Hadj Idriss Talbi ne ya kafa ƙungiyar a ranar 20 ga Satumban shekarar 1947.

== Tarihi ==
A ranar 2 ga Mayun shekara ta 2023, an haɓaka Kawkab zuwa Botola 2 bayan ya jagoranci Gasar Amateur National Championship na 2022–23. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=الكوكب المراكشي يضمن رسميا بطاقة الصعود للقسم الثاني من البطولة الاحترافية |url=https://www.elbotola.com/article/2023-05-02-18-56-368.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503071331/https://www.elbotola.com/article/2023-05-02-18-56-368.html |archive-date=2023-05-03 |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=www.elbotola.com |language=Ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=عودة الكوكب المراكشي إلى الدوري الاحترافي الثاني |url=https://snrtnews.com/article/73868 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503071326/https://snrtnews.com/article/73868 |archive-date=2023-05-03 |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=SNRTnews |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-05-02 |title=رسميا.. الحيمر يقود الكوكب المراكشي للعودة للدوري الإحترافي |url=http://ar.sport.le360.ma/botola-pro-2/138934 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503071405/http://ar.sport.le360.ma/botola-pro-2/138934 |archive-date=2023-05-03 |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=سبورت Le360 |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Girmamawa ==

* '''Rukunin Farko na gasar Morocco : (2)''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Morocco – List of Champions |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/marochamp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221201623/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/marochamp.html |archive-date=2023-02-21 |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=Rsssf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

:: 1958, 1992

* '''Kofin Morocco : (6)''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Morocco – List of Cup Finals |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/marocuphist.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117072334/http://rsssf.com/tablesm/marocuphist.html |archive-date=2011-11-17 |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=Rsssf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

:: 1963, 1964, 1965, 1987, 1991, 1993

:: 1996

== Ayyukan a gasar CAF ==

* '''Gasar Cin Kofin Zakarun Nahiyar Afrika : Fitowa 1'''

:: 1993 : Zagaye na Biyu

* '''CAF Cup : wasanni 2'''

:: 1996 - '''Champion'''
:: 1997 - Zagaye na Biyu

* '''CAF Cup Winners' Cup : wasanni 2'''

:: 1988 - ya fice a zagaye na farko
:: 1995 - An janye a zagaye na farko
{{Football kit box|align=right|pattern_la=_white_stripes|pattern_b=_whitestripes3|pattern_ra=_white_stripes|leftarm=ff0000|body=ff0000|rightarm=ff0000|shorts=ff0000|socks=ff0000|title={{center| '''Kawkab de Marrakech historical kit'''}}}}

== Manajoji ==

* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Ezzaki Badou|Zaki Badou]] (2000–01), (2006–07), (2010–11)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Fati Jamal|Fathi Jamal]] (Aug 9, 2009–May 31, 2011)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Hicham Dmiai]] (June 1, 2012–1?)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Ahmed Bahaja|Ahmed Bahja]] (2016)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Yusuf Meriana|Youssef Meriana]] (2016–2017)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} Faouzi Jamal (Apr 30, 2018–Dec 16, 2018)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Aziz El Amri]] (Dec 16, 2018–Feb 18, 2019)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Azedine Benis]] (''interim'') (Feb 18, 2019–Mar 12, 2019)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Jawad Milani]] (Mar 12, 2019)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Azedine Benis]] (Mar 12, 2019–Jun 9, 2019)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} Hicham El Idrissi (Jul 15, 2019–Oct 2nd, 2019)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} Hassan Oughni (Oct 2nd 2019–Nov 27th 2019)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Ahmed Bahaja|Ahmed Bahja]] (Dec 2019–Feb 2020)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} Mimoun Mokhtari (Feb 27th 2020, -)

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Kawkab  Athlétique Club of Marrakech''' ( {{Lang-ar|الكوكب المراكشي}}  ; '''KACM''' ) ƙwararriyar ƙungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon]] ƙafa ce ta Morocco wacce ke a [[Marrakesh|Marrakech]] . Hadj Idriss Talbi ne ya kafa ƙungiyar a ranar 20 ga Satumban shekarar 1947.

== Tarihi ==
A ranar 2 ga Mayun shekara ta 2023, an haɓaka Kawkab zuwa Botola 2 bayan ya jagoranci Gasar Amateur National Championship na shekarar 2022–23. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=الكوكب المراكشي يضمن رسميا بطاقة الصعود للقسم الثاني من البطولة الاحترافية |url=https://www.elbotola.com/article/2023-05-02-18-56-368.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503071331/https://www.elbotola.com/article/2023-05-02-18-56-368.html |archive-date=2023-05-03 |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=www.elbotola.com |language=Ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=عودة الكوكب المراكشي إلى الدوري الاحترافي الثاني |url=https://snrtnews.com/article/73868 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503071326/https://snrtnews.com/article/73868 |archive-date=2023-05-03 |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=SNRTnews |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-05-02 |title=رسميا.. الحيمر يقود الكوكب المراكشي للعودة للدوري الإحترافي |url=http://ar.sport.le360.ma/botola-pro-2/138934 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503071405/http://ar.sport.le360.ma/botola-pro-2/138934 |archive-date=2023-05-03 |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=سبورت Le360 |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Girmamawa ==

* '''Rukunin Farko na gasar Morocco : (2)''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Morocco – List of Champions |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/marochamp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221201623/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/marochamp.html |archive-date=2023-02-21 |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=Rsssf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

:: 1958, 1992

* '''Kofin Morocco : (6)''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Morocco – List of Cup Finals |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/marocuphist.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117072334/http://rsssf.com/tablesm/marocuphist.html |archive-date=2011-11-17 |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=Rsssf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

:: 1963, 1964, 1965, 1987, 1991, 1993

:: 1996

== Ayyukan a gasar CAF ==

* '''Gasar Cin Kofin Zakarun Nahiyar Afrika : Fitowa 1'''

:: 1993 : Zagaye na Biyu

* '''CAF Cup : wasanni 2'''

:: 1996 - '''Champion'''
:: 1997 - Zagaye na Biyu

* '''CAF Cup Winners' Cup : wasanni 2'''

:: 1988 - ya fice a zagaye na farko
:: 1995 - An janye a zagaye na farko
{{Football kit box|align=right|pattern_la=_white_stripes|pattern_b=_whitestripes3|pattern_ra=_white_stripes|leftarm=ff0000|body=ff0000|rightarm=ff0000|shorts=ff0000|socks=ff0000|title={{center| '''Kawkab de Marrakech historical kit'''}}}}

== Manajoji ==

* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Ezzaki Badou|Zaki Badou]] (2000–01), (2006–07), (2010–11)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Fati Jamal|Fathi Jamal]] (Aug 9, 2009–May 31, 2011)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Hicham Dmiai]] (June 1, 2012–1?)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Ahmed Bahaja|Ahmed Bahja]] (2016)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Yusuf Meriana|Youssef Meriana]] (2016–2017)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} Faouzi Jamal (Apr 30, 2018–Dec 16, 2018)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Aziz El Amri]] (Dec 16, 2018–Feb 18, 2019)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Azedine Benis]] (''interim'') (Feb 18, 2019–Mar 12, 2019)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Jawad Milani]] (Mar 12, 2019)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Azedine Benis]] (Mar 12, 2019–Jun 9, 2019)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} Hicham El Idrissi (Jul 15, 2019–Oct 2nd, 2019)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} Hassan Oughni (Oct 2nd 2019–Nov 27th 2019)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Ahmed Bahaja|Ahmed Bahja]] (Dec 2019–Feb 2020)
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} Mimoun Mokhtari (Feb 27th 2020, -)

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ria Percival</title>
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[[Fayil:Ria Percival beim Aufwaermen BL Muenchen-2.jpg|thumb|ria percival]]
[[Fayil:Ria Perciva.jpg|thumb|hoton yar kwallo Perciva]]
[[Fayil:Ria Percival BL Muenchen-6.jpg|thumb|hoton Percival ]]
[[Fayil:Ria Perciva.jpg|thumb|Ria Percival]].
'''Ruwa Dawn Percival''' MNZM ( An haife ta a ranar 7 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1989) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya mai tsakiya na kulob ɗin Crystal Palace, a aro daga Tottenham Hotspur. An haife ta ne a ƙasar [[Ingila]], tana taka leda a tawagar mata ta ƙasar New Zealand. &lt;ref name=&quot;candg&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Caps 'n' Goals, New Zealand Women's national representatives |url=http://www.ultimatenzsoccer.com/FootballFerns/id38.htm |access-date=11 June 2009 |publisher=The Ultimate New Zealand Soccer Website}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta taba buga wa FFC Frankfurt da FF USV Jena na Bundesliga, FC Basel a gasar Swiss da West Ham United .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NZ Football - HOME |url=http://www.nzfootball.co.nz/index.php?id=11&amp;tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1161&amp;tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=1&amp;cHash=19cbc7b396 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714183613/http://www.nzfootball.co.nz/index.php?id=11&amp;tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=1161&amp;tx_ttnews%5bbackPid%5d=1&amp;cHash=19cbc7b396 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=7 March 2018 |website=www.nzfootball.co.nz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Fayil:Ria Percival BL Muenchen-6.jpg|thumb|ria percival]]

== Ƙasashen Duniya ==
Percival ta wakilci [[New Zealand]] a matakin rukuni na shekaru, ta bayyana a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta U-20 ta shekarar 2006 a [[Rasha]] kuma ta sake wakiltar matasa ferns a gasar cin Kofin duniya ta Mata ta U-20 a Chile, inda ta zira kwallaye biyu na New Zealand a cikin nasarar 3-2 ga [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya|Najeriya]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New Zealand (NZL) Squad List |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/u20womensworldcup/chile2008/teams/team=1888612/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091121194610/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/u20womensworldcup/chile2008/teams/team=1888612/index.html |archive-date=21 November 2009 |access-date=3 August 2011 |publisher=FIFA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Percival ta fara bugawa ƙasar [[Sin]] PR a wasan 0-3 a ranar 14 ga watan Nuwamba a shekarar 2006, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Caps 'n' Goals, New Zealand Women's national representatives.|url=http://www.ultimatenzsoccer.com/FootballFerns/id38.htm |access-date=3 August 2011 |publisher=The Ultimate New Zealand Soccer Website}}&lt;/ref&gt; kafin ta wakilci ƙasar New Zealand a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta [[FIFA]] a shekara ta 2007 a ƙasar Sin, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Squad List, 2007 Women's World Cup |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensworldcup/china2007/teams/team=1883725/squadlist.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080713192919/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensworldcup/china2007/teams/team=1883725/squadlist.html |archive-date=13 July 2008 |access-date=3 August 2011 |publisher=FIFA}}&lt;/ref&gt; inda suka sha kashi a [[Brazil]] 0-5, [[Denmark]] (0-2) da [[China]] PR (0-2).

An kuma haɗa Percival a cikin tawagar New Zealand don Wasannin Olympics na bazara na shekarar 2008,  inda suka buga wasan tare da [[Japan]] (2-2) kafin su rasa [[Norway]] (0-1) da [[Amurka]] (0-4).

A ranar 9 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, Percival ta samu lambar yabo ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta 50 a matakin A a cikin nasarar 5-0 ga [[Mexico]] a wasan kwaikwayo na matsayi na 7 a gasar cin Kofin [[Cyprus]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NZ Football - HOME |url=http://www.nzfootball.co.nz/index.php?id=11&amp;tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=934&amp;tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=10&amp;cHash=7b47ed9190 |website=www.nzfootball.co.nz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Percival ta fafata a gasar cin kofin mata ta biyar lokacin da ta fito a dukkan wasannin ƙasar New Zealand guda uku a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2011 a [[Jamus]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FIFA Women's World Cup Germany 2011 – Team New Zealand |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/teams/team=1883725/squadlist.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110620015949/http://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/teams/team=1883725/squadlist.html |archive-date=20 June 2011 |access-date=22 June 2011 |publisher=FIFA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta bayyana a dukkan wasannin New Zealand guda hudu a gasar Olympics ta shekara ta 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ria Percival Bio, Stats, and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/pe/ria-percival-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418122132/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/pe/ria-percival-1.html |archive-date=2020-04-18 |access-date=2018-12-03 |website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta sake fitowa a dukkan wasannin New Zealand guda uku a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2015 a [[Kanada]], inda ta kai ta buga wasanni guda 9 na gasar cin kofin duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FIFA player stats |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=252519/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024062945/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=252519/ |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=28 June 2015 |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta bayyana a dukkan wasannin New Zealand guda uku a gasar Olympics ta shekara ta 2016 . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;.

== Ƙididdiga aiki ==

=== Manufofin ƙasa da ƙasa ===
''Sabuntawa a ranar 28 ga watan Yuni 2020''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Internationals |url=https://www.ultimatenzsoccer.com/FootballFerns/id40.htm |access-date=28 June 2020 |website=UltimateNZSoccer.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

: ''Scores da sakamakon lissafin burin New Zealand na farko, shafi na ci yana nuna ci bayan kowane burin Percival.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Jerin burin ƙasa da ƙasa da Ria Percival ya zira
!A'a.
!Ranar
!Wurin da ake ciki
!Abokin hamayya
!Sakamakon
!Sakamakon
!Gasar
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|11 ga Afrilu 2007
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Filin wasa na Sir Ignatius Kilage, Lae, [[Sabuwar Gini Papuwa|Papua New Guinea]]
|{{Fbw|SOL}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |8–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta OFC ta 2007
|-
|2
|13 Afrilu 2007
|{{Fbw|PNG}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |7–0
|-
|3
|7 Maris 2009
|Filin wasa na GSP, [[Nicosia]], [[Cyprus]]
|{{Fbw|RUS}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4–2
|Kofin Mata na Cyprus na 2009
|-
|4
|1 ga Oktoba 2010
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Filin wasa na Arewacin Harbour, [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]]
|{{Fbw|COK}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |6–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |10–0
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta OFC ta 2010
|-
|5
|3 ga Oktoba 2010
|{{Fbw|TAH}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |7–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |7–0
|-
|6
|6 ga Oktoba 2010
|{{Fbw|SOL}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |8–0
|-
|7
|8 ga Oktoba 2010
|{{Fbw|PNG}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |11–0
|-
|8
|31 Maris 2012
|Filin wasa na Toll, Whangārei, New Zealand[[New Zealand]]
|{{Fbw|PNG}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |6–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |8–0
|cancantar gasar Olympics ta 2012
|-
|9
|25 ga Oktoba 2014
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kalabond Oval, Kokopo, Papua New Guinea[[Sabuwar Gini Papuwa|Papua New Guinea]]
|{{Fbw|Tonga}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |16–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |16–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kofin Kasashen Mata na OFC na 2014
|-
|10
|29 ga Oktoba 2014
|{{Fbw|COK}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |5–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |11–0
|-
|11
|15 ga Janairu 2015
|[[Spice Hotel|Otal din Spice]], Belek, [[Turkiyya]]
|{{Fbw|DEN}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–2
|Abokantaka
|-
|12
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |28 Nuwamba 2017
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Filin wasa na SCG, Muang Thong Thani, [[Tailan|Thailand]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Fbw|THA}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |5–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Abokantaka
|-
|13
| align=&quot;center&quot; |5–0
|-
|14
|19 Nuwamba 2018
|Filin wasa na Numa-Daly Magenta, Nouméa, New CaledoniaSabuwar Caledonia
|{{Fbw|Tonga}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |10–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |11–0
|Kofin Kasashen Mata na OFC na 2018
|-
|15
|23 ga Oktoba 2021
|Filin wasa na TD Place, [[Ottawa]], [[Kanada]]
|{{Fbw|Canada}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–3
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–5
|Abokantaka
|-
|}

== Daraja ==

; Mutumin da ya fi so

* IFFHS OFC Mafi kyawun Mace Mai kunnawa na Shekaru Goma 2011-2020 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 February 2021 |title=IFFHS BEST WOMAN PLAYER - OFC - OF THE DECADE 2011-2020 |url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/951 |website=IFFHS |access-date=20 March 2024 |archive-date=7 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107225454/https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/951 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* IFFHS OFC Mata Team na Shekara Goma 2011-2020 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 January 2021 |title=IFFHS WOMAN TEAM - OFC - OF THE DECADE 2011-2020 |url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/933 |website=IFFHS |access-date=20 March 2024 |archive-date=12 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612130118/https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/933 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Girmamawar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2024, an naɗa Percival a matsayin memba na New Zealand Order of Merit, don hidimomi ga ƙwallon ƙafa.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin Haɗin waje ==

* {{FIFA player|252519|Ria Percival}}
* [[New Zealand Football|NZF]].co.nz/people/ria-percival/&quot; id=&quot;mwAdQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow&quot;&gt;Bayani a NZF
* Team {{In lang|de}} a FF USV Jena
* {{Soccerway|ria-percival/19589}}
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1989]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tozeur</title>
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      <comment>DaSupremo moved page [[Haɗuwa]] to [[Tozeur]]: Misspelled title</comment>
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'''Tozeur''' ( Arabic     ; Berber languages     ) birni ne da ke kudu maso yammacin [[Tunisiya]] . Birnin yana arewa maso yammacin [[Chott el Djerid]], tsakanin wannan Chott da ƙaramin [[Shatt al Gharsah|Chott el Gharsa]] . Babban birnin Gundumar Tozeur ne. Shi ne wurin tsohon birnin kuma tsohon bishop na Tusuros, wanda ya kasance wurin tarihi na Katolika na Latin.

== Asalin Ma'anar ==
A zamanin Romawa, an san Tozeur da Tusuros ko Thusuros, kuma yana cikin lardin [[Byzacena]] na Romawa a Afirka .

Akwai zato da dama game da asalin sunan Tozeur. Wata hasashe ta danganta sunan da Fir'aunan Masar Tausret, wanda sunansa ke nufin &quot;mai iko&quot; a zamanin daular Masar. Bayan mulkinta a matsayin sarkin ƙarshe na Daular Masar ta Sha tara, an ce Masarautar Kush ta ba Tozeur girmamawa a matsayin girmamawa. Wannan ka'ida tana da goyon bayan kamanceceniya tsakanin Tozeur da tsoffin biranen Masar, musamman amfani da busasshen laka da aka yi da rana da kuma wanda aka yi da murhu.

Masanin falsafa na Tunisiya Youssef Seddik ya kuma nuna asalin tsohon Masar, yana mai cewa kalmar &quot;T&quot; galibi ana samunta a cikin kalmomin toponyms kamar Thebes, Tamazret, yayin da &quot;Ozeur&quot; na iya zama sigar Latin da aka yi amfani da ita a matsayin Osiris, wato allahn Masar na dā. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=LES VOYAGES DE CLAIRE ET ALEX! - TOZEUR |url=https://claire-alex.fr.gd/TOZEUR.htm |access-date=2025-07-19 |website=claire-alex.fr.gd}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Memoires société des sciences de l'agriculture et des arts de la de Lille |trans-title=Memoirs of the Society of Agricultural Sciences and Arts of Lille |url=https://lillonum.univ-lille.fr/files/original/2154ea69520645865528ef20d45b7ff78d8901ca.pdf |website=lillonum.univ-lille.fr |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
A lokacin Daular Romawa da [[Daular Rumawa|Daular Byzantine]] da kuma a Masarautar Vandal, Tozeur shine wurin da Tusuros ya kasance, a lardin [[Byzacena]] na Romawa (wanda a asali ɓangare ne na Afirka Proconsularis ).

=== Bishop ===
A wannan lokacin, wurin zama ne na wani bishop na suffragan, wanda ake kira ''Tusuros'' . 

Yana cikin yankin [[Sahel]] na gabar tekun [[Byzacena]], kusa da garuruwan Aquae da Nefta da kuma kudancin Capsa da Ad Turres, {{Sfn|Shaw|2011}} Tursuros na Roman ya zama muhimmin cibiyar Donatism . {{Sfn|Shaw|2011}}

Bishof ya daina aiki bayan [[Mulkin umayyad a arewacin afrika|zuwan Musulunci]] a ƙarni na bakwai. Gawar wani tsohon coci tana bayyane a cikin harsashin wani tsohon [[masallaci]] .

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    <title>Sergei Korolev</title>
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'''Sergei Pavlovich Korolev'''{{Efn|''Korol'''e'''v'' is the [[transliteration]] used by the [[Library of Congress]] and adopted by James Harford for his biography.{{sfn|Harford|1997|p=xvi}}}} ({{Lang-ru|Сергей Павлович Королёв|Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov}}, {{IPA|ru|sʲɪrˈɡʲej ˈpavləvʲɪtɕ kərɐˈlʲɵf|IPA|Ru-Sergei Pavlovich Korolev.ogg}}{{IPA|ru|sʲɪrˈɡʲej ˈpavləvʲɪtɕ kərɐˈlʲɵf|IPA|Ru-Sergei Pavlovich Korolev.ogg}}{{IPA|ru|sʲɪrˈɡʲej ˈpavləvʲɪtɕ kərɐˈlʲɵf|IPA|Ru-Sergei Pavlovich Korolev.ogg}}; {{lang-ukr|Сергій Павлович Корольов|Serhii Pavlovych Koroliov}}, {{IPA-uk|serˈɦij ˈpɑu̯lowɪtʃ koroˈlʲɔu̯|IPA}}; {{OldStyleDateDY|12 January|1907|30 December 1906}}{{Spaced en dash}}14 Junairun  1966) jagorar injiniyan roket ne na lokacin Soviet kuma mai  kera jirgin sama a lokacin Tseren Sararin Samaniya tsakanin Amurka da Rasha da kuma Kungiyar Soviet a shekarun 1950s da 1960s. Ya kirkiri R-7 Rocket, Sputnik 1, kuma yana daga cikin wanda suka kaddamar da  Laika, Sputnik 3, na’urar dan adam na farko da ta fara riskar wata duniyar, Belka and Strelka, mutane na farko, Yuri Gagarin, zuwa sararin samaniya, Voskhod 1, da kuma mutum na farko Alexei Leonov, wanda suka fara kaddamar da tattaki a duniyar sama.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=West |first=John B. |date=1 October 2001 |title=Historical aspects of the early Soviet/ Russian crewed space program |url=http://jap.physiology.org/content/91/4/1501 |journal=Journal of Applied Physiology |volume=91 |issue=4 |pages=1501–1511 |doi=10.1152/jappl.2001.91.4.1501 |pmid=11568130 |s2cid=24284107 |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116190238/http://jap.physiology.org/content/91/4/1501 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kodayake Korolev ya samu horo a matsayin mai kera jirgin sama, kwarewarsavya fi karfi a wajen inganta ƙira, tattarawa da kuma tsarin dabaru. An kama shi a kan zargin karya a hukumance a matsayin &quot;memba na ƙungiyar adawa da juyin juya halin Soviet&quot; (wanda daga baya aka nuna  shi matsayin &quot;mai lalata fasahar soja&quot;), an daure shi a 1938 kusan shekaru shida, gami da 'yan watanni a sansanin aiki na Kolyma. Bayan da aka sake shi ya zama sanannen mai tsara roket kuma babban mutum a ci gaban shirin makami mai linzami na Soviet Intercontinental. Daga baya ya jagoranci Shirin sararin samaniya na Soviet kuma an sanya shi memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Soviet, yana kula da nasarorin farko na ayyukan Sputnik da Vostok ciki har da aikin mutum na farko na Yuri Gagarin a ranar 12 ga Afrilu 1961. Mutuwar Korolev ba zato ba tsammani a shekarar 1966 ta dakatar da  aiwatar da shirye-shiryensa na sauka a duniyar wata ta Soviet kafin misan na Amurka na 1969.
[[Fayil:Sergei Korolev portrait.jpg|thumb|Sergei Korolev]]
Kafin mutuwarsa an bayyana shi ne kawai a matsayin Glavny Konstruktor (Mahimmanci), ko {{Lang|ru|Главный Конструктор}} ko kuma babban mai kira, don a kare shi daga yiwuwar kisan mummuke daga Amurka a lokacin yakin-baka. Har sauran cosmonauts da suka yi aiki tare da shi ba su san sunansa na asali ba; kawai ana kiransa da ''Babban Mai tsarawa.''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;  Bayan mutuwarsa na kawai a shekarar 1966 aka bayyana asalinsa kuma ya sami amincewar jama'a a matsayin mai motsawa a bayan nasarorin Soviet a binciken sararin samaniya a lokacin da kuma bin Shekarar Geophysical ta Duniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Great&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-01-06 |title=Late great engineers: Sergei Korolev – designated designer |url=https://www.theengineer.co.uk/content/in-depth/late-great-engineers-sergei-korolev-designated-designer |access-date=2021-10-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
[[File:Korolev_(1907).jpg|left|thumb|268x268px|Korolev tare da mai kula da shi Varvara Marchenko (1907) ]]
[[File:Korolev_(1912)_01.jpg|thumb|253x253px|Korolev a cikin 1912]]
An haifi Korolev a garin Zhytomyr, babban birnin Gwamnatin Volhynian na Daular Rasha ( [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] a yau). Mahaifinsa, Pavel Yakovlevich Korolev, an haife shi ne a Mogilev ga sojan Rasha da uwa ‘yar  Belarus.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.famhist.ru/famhist/korol/001905fe.htm Королев Павел Яковлевич 1877-1929, отец С.П. Королева] ''tr. &quot;Korolev Pavel Yakovlevich 1877-1929, father of S.P. Koroleva&quot;'' (Source: Koroleva N.S., 2002) ''www.famhist.ru'', accessed 18 April 2021&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;epizodsspace.airbase.ru&quot;&gt;[http://epizodsspace.airbase.ru/bibl/koroleva-n/otets/koroleva-otets-t1-2007.pdf Наталия Королева – С.П. Королев] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251117135456/http://epizodsspace.airbase.ru/bibl/koroleva-n/otets/koroleva-otets-t1-2007.pdf |date=2025-11-17 }} Отец, Москва Наука, 2007, accessed 18 April 2021&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifiyarsa, Maria Nikolaevna Koroleva (Moskalenko / Bulanina), 'yar wani attajiri ne daga garin Nizhyn, da al’adun Yukren, Girka da Poland.[2]&lt;ref&gt;[http://epizodsspace.airbase.ru/bibl/koroleva-n/otets/koroleva-otets-t1-2007.pdf Наталия Королева – С.П. Королев] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251117135456/http://epizodsspace.airbase.ru/bibl/koroleva-n/otets/koroleva-otets-t1-2007.pdf |date=2025-11-17 }} Отец, page 19, Москва Наука, 2007&lt;/ref&gt;

Mahaifinsa ya koma Zhytomyr inda ya zama malamin yaren Rasha.&lt;ref&gt;[http://zhzh.info/news/2007-01-12-761 В Житомире сто лет назад появился на свет Сергей Королев. ФОТО / Культура / Журнал Житомира / Zhitomir City Journal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203172720/https://zhzh.info/news/2007-01-12-761 |date=2024-12-03 }}. ''tr. &quot;Sergey Korolev was born in Zhitomir a hundred years ago&quot;'' Zhzh.info (12 January 2007). Retrieved on 30 April 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Shekaru uku bayan haihuwar Sergei ma'auratan sun rabu saboda matsalolin kudi. Kodayake Pavel daga baya ya rubuta wa Maria yana neman daman ganawa da ɗansa, mahaifiyarsa ta gaya wa Sergei cewa ana zargin mahaifinsa ya mutu. Sergei bai taba ganin mahaifinsa ba bayan rabuwar iyalin, kuma Pavel ya mutu a 1929 kafin ɗansa ya san gaskiya.{{Sfn|Harford|1997}}
[[Fayil:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3731 stamp (Sergei Korolev).jpg|thumb|Sergei Korolev]]
Korolev ya girma a Nizhyn, &lt;ref name=&quot;Great&quot;/&gt; a karkashin kulawar kakanninsa Nikolay Yakovlevich Moskalenko wanda ya kasance dan kasuwa na Kungiya na biyu da Maria Matveevna Moskalenko (née Fursa), 'ya ce ga wani dan kasuwan garin. Mahaifiyar Korolev tana da 'yar'uwa Anna da' yan'uwa biyu Yuri da Vasily. Maria Koroleva ta kasance sau da yawa tana halartar darussan ilimi na mata a Kiev, don haka Sergei sau da yawa yana da kansa kuma ya girma yaro mai kaɗaici tare da abokai kaɗan. A shekara ta 1914 [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na 1]] ya fara ne da tashin hankali na zamantakewa a yankin Kiev. Babu wanda ya damu da Korolev dan shekaru bakwai a wannan lokacin kuma an dauke shi matsayin mara ji, mai taurin kai, da jayayya.{{Sfn|Harford|1997}} Korolev ya fara karatu tun yana ƙarami daga jaridu na kakansa, kuma malaminsa na makarantar sakandare ya lura cewa yana da kyakkyawan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya tare da ƙwarewa a lissafi, karatu da rubutu.{{Sfn|Harford|1997}} Mahaifiyarsa ta rabu da Pavel a 1915 kuma a 1916 ta auri Grigory Mikhailovich Balanin, injiniyan lantarki wanda ya yi karatu a Jamus amma dole ne ya halarci Jami'ar Polytechnic ta Kiev saboda ba a san difloma na injiniyan Jamus a Rasha ba. Grigory ya kasance mahaifiya mai mutunci, yana da tasiri sosai ga halaye da yanayin alakar Korlev.[11] Bayan samun aiki tare da kamfanin jirgin kasa na yanki, Grigory ya yi ƙaura da iyalin zuwa Odessa [1] a cikin 1917, inda suka jimre da wahala tare da wasu iyalai da yawa a cikin shekarun rikice-rikice bayan Juyin Juya Halin Rasha da ci gaba da gwagwarmaya har sai Bolsheviks suka ɗauki iko ba tare da wata matsala ba a cikin 1920. An rufe makarantun cikin gida kuma matashi Korolev ya ci gaba da karatunsa a gida, inda ya sha wahala daga cutar typhus a lokacin matsanancin farin abinci na 1919. [1]&lt;ref name=&quot;Great&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Matattun 1966]]
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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  <page>
    <title>Sergio Uyi</title>
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'''Sergio Osagho Uyi''' (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 1993) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Italiya wanda kwanan nan ya buga a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan wasan baya]] na Seregno .

== Sana'a ==
A cikin shekara ta 2006, Uyi ya shiga makarantar matasa ta Canavese ta Italiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;all&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Exclusive Interview With Torino Defender Sergio Uyi |url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=9049 |publisher=allnigeriasoccer.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2011, ya shiga makarantar matasa na Torino a cikin Italiyanci Serie A. &lt;ref name=&quot;all&quot; /&gt; Kafin kakar 2014, ya rattaba hannu a kulob din [[DFK Dainava|Dainava]] na Lithuania bayan gwaji don Slavia Prague a cikin babban jirgin Czech. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Do Slavie přichází na testy obránce Sergio Uyi |url=https://www.slavia.cz/clanek.asp?id=11897 |publisher=slavia.cz}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2015, ya sanya hannu don ƙungiyar Atlantis FC ta uku ta Finnish.  Kafin rabin na biyu na 2015–16, ya rattaba hannu kan SSV Reutlingen a matakin Jamus na biyar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Unser Mann am Ball |url=https://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/inhalt.nachrichtenticker-der-unteren-ligen-unser-mann-am-ball.a696e43d-5933-49ae-8aa1-f7c83be24214.html |publisher=stuttgarter-nachrichten.de |access-date=2024-03-29 |archive-date=2024-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329081054/https://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/inhalt.nachrichtenticker-der-unteren-ligen-unser-mann-am-ball.a696e43d-5933-49ae-8aa1-f7c83be24214.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kafin rabin na biyu na 2016 – 17, ya rattaba hannu kan kayyakin Welsh Bangor City . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=North Wales football: Twenty top transfers in the January window |url=https://www.dailypost.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/north-wales-football-twenty-top-12444708 |publisher=dailypost.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2017, Uyi ya sanya hannu don Senglea Athletic a Malta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Anche il Senglea parla italiano: l’allenatore è Paolo Favaretto |url=https://www.corrieredimalta.com/sport/anche-senglea-athletic-parla-italiano-un-veneziano-alla-guida/ |publisher=corrieredimalta.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2018, ya rattaba hannu a kungiyar [[Kungiyar Al-Hilal (Omdurman)|Al-Hilal (Omdurman)]] ta Sudan, yana taimaka musu lashe gasar. &lt;ref name=&quot;way&quot;&gt;{{Soccerway|356149}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kafin rabin na biyu na 2018–19, ya sanya hannu don Poli Timișoara a Romania. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.cronicavioleta.ro/2019/02/profil-sergio-uyi.html |publisher=cronicavioleta.ro}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2019, Uyi ya rattaba hannu a kulob din Al-Orouba na Omani.  Kafin rabin na biyu na 2020–21, ya koma Senglea Athletic a Malta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senglea Athletic revamp squad |url=https://www.maltafootball.com/2020/12/31/senglea-athletic-revamp-squad/ |publisher=maltafootball.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kafin rabin na biyu na 2021 – 22, ya rattaba hannu kan ƙungiyar Seregno ta Italiya bayan gwaji don [[Sông Lam Nghệ An FC|SLNA]] a Vietnam. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=SLNA thử việc cựu tuyển thủ U23 Nigeria |url=https://zingnews.vn/slna-thu-viec-cuu-tuyen-thu-u23-nigeria-post1234887.html |publisher=zing.vn}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 13 ga Fabrairu 2022, Uyi ya yi muhawara don Seregno yayin rashin nasara da ci 2–1 ga Padova . &lt;ref name=&quot;way&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Haihuwan 1993]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tabitha Chawinga</title>
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      <id>893599</id>
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'''Tabitha Chawinga''' (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga Mayu 1996) ƙwararriyar ƴar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Malawi wacce ke buga wasan gaba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta [[Paris Saint-Germain]] a matsayin aro daga Jami'ar Wuhan Jianghan ta China. Ta kuma taka leda a [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasar Malawi|tawagar kasar Malawi]] .

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haife shi a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 1996, a gundumar Rumphi da ke arewacin [[Malawi]], Chawinga ita ce ta uku cikin yara biyar da iyayenta suka haifa. Kabilar Tumbuka ce. Ta fara buga kwallon kafa tun tana shekara biyar kuma ta yi wasa da yara maza har zuwa shekara 13 lokacin da ta fara wasa a kulob din 'yan mata, DD Sunshine a babban birnin kasar, [[Lilongwe]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;kvarnsvedensIK_bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tabitha Chawinge |url=http://idrottonline.se/KvarnsvedensIK-Fotboll/varaseniorlag/Damlaget/Spelarintervjuer/tabithachawinga11 |access-date=18 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tuni a wannan shekarun ta tilasta mata cire rigar saboda &quot;Masu adawa da ita ba su yarda cewa mace ce ba saboda yanayin jikinta da kuma yadda take taka leda.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pensulo |first=Charles |date=6 August 2021 |title=‘A violation’: football star recounts having to strip during match to prove she was female |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/aug/06/violation-of-dignity-football-star-had-to-strip-publicly-to-prove-she-was-female |via=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; 'Yar uwarta Temwa Chawinga ita ma ƙwararriyar 'yar ƙwallon ƙafa ce. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ahmadu |first=Samuel |date=6 March 2021 |title=Chawinga: Tabitha joins Malawian sister Temwa at Wuhan |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/chawinga-tabitha-joins-malawian-sister-temwa-at-wuhan/3vfopstnj7u91x1o1wfqt1440 |access-date=6 August 2021 |website=Goal.com |publisher=Goal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==

=== Krokom/Dvärsätts IF, 2014 ===
Sa'ad da yake ɗan shekara 18, Chawinga ya buga wa kulob na uku na Sweden {{Interlanguage link|Krokom/Dvärsätts IF|sv}}, inda ta samu kyautar takalmin zinare bayan ta zura kwallaye 39 a wasanni 18.  Ita ce 'yar wasan kwallon kafa ta mata ta farko daga Malawi da ta fara buga wasa a kulob din Turai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DT |url=https://www.dt.se/artikel/fotboll/elitettan/kvarnsvedens-tabitha-chawinga-vill-gora-40-mal |website=www.dt.se}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kvarnsvedens IK, 2015-2017 ===
Chawinga ya shiga Kvarnsvedens IK a Elitettan na Sweden a cikin 2015. A wasanta na farko na kulob din, ta zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Linköpings FC da ci 4-0.  Kulob ɗin ya ƙare a wuri na farko a lokacin wasannin yau da kullun tare da rikodin 21–2–3 . &lt;ref name=&quot;2015_elitettan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2015 Elitettan |url=http://us.women.soccerway.com/national/sweden/division-1-women/2015/regular-season/r30498/ |access-date=19 June 2017 |publisher=Soccer Way}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chawinga shi ne ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar da kwallaye 43 – 14 fiye da wanda ya fi kowa zura kwallaye. &lt;ref name=&quot;2015_elitettan&quot; /&gt; Matsayin farko na kulob din ya ba su damar zuwa {{Lang|sv|[[Damallsvenskan]]}}&lt;/link&gt; don kakar 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;footdelles_061316&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vincelot |first=Charlotte |date=13 June 2016 |title=Tabitha Chawinga, buteuse made in Malawi |url=http://www.footdelles.com/article/Ligues-etrangeres_Tabitha-Chawinga-buteuse-made-in-Malawi_133953.html |access-date=19 June 2017 |publisher=Foot d'Elles |archive-date=27 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027181619/http://www.footdelles.com/article/Ligues-etrangeres_Tabitha-Chawinga-buteuse-made-in-Malawi_133953.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A lokacin kakar 2016, Chawinga ya kasance na uku mafi yawan zura kwallaye a gasar da kwallaye 15. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nedstängd webbadress |url=https://www2.svenskfotboll.se/damallsvenskan/information/?scr=scorers&amp;ftid=61860 |website=www2.svenskfotboll.se }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2017, ta ƙare a matsayin mafi kyawun ƙwallo a gasar da kwallaye 26, &lt;ref name=&quot;2017_scorers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nedstängd webbadress |url=https://www2.svenskfotboll.se/damallsvenskan/information/?scr=scorers&amp;ftid=67020 |website=www2.svenskfotboll.se |access-date=2024-04-12 |archive-date=2018-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142805/https://www2.svenskfotboll.se/damallsvenskan/information/?scr=scorers&amp;ftid=67020 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; duk da faɗuwar kulob ɗinta daga babban jirgin Sweden a ƙarshen kakar wasa.

=== Jiangsu Suning, 2018-2021 ===
Bayan da ya yi nasara a Sweden, Chawinga ya sami sha'awa daga manyan kungiyoyi daban-daban na ketare  kuma daga ƙarshe ya rattaba hannu kan kungiyar Jiangsu Suning ta kasar Sin,  an bayar da rahoton cewa, don samun rikodi na canja wuri a wasan kwallon kafa na mata na Sweden.   A ranar 6 ga Mayu 2018, ta ci kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasanta na farko da ta buga a [[Shanghai]].

Chawinga ta samu kyautar Gwarzon Dan Wasa na Shekara a kakar wasa ta farko da ta buga a gasar Super League ta mata ta kasar Sin . Ta ci kwallaye 31 a dukkan gasa, 17 tana cikin CWSL. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ahmadu |first=Samuel |date=10 August 2020 |title=Malawi striker Tabitha Chawinga retains Chinese Women's Player of the Year award {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/malawi-striker-tabitha-chawinga-retains-chinese-womens-player-of-/f950k5llpp9ozk48brlno73q |access-date=8 August 2021 |website=www.goal.com |publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ci gaba da samun lambar yabo a cikin 2019-20, inda ta zira kwallaye 12 a raga (38 a duk gasa) kuma ta taimaka wa Jiangsu zuwa sau hudu mai tarihi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Obayiuwana |first=Osau |date=18 October 2023 |title=PSG’s Tabitha Chawinga: ‘My parents did not support the idea of me playing football’ |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/oct/18/psgs-tabitha-chawinga-my-parents-did-not-support-the-idea-of-me-playing-football |access-date=20 October 2023 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Wuhan Jiangda 2021 - yanzu ===
Bayan babban mai daukar nauyin Jiangsu Suning ya daina tallafawa Chawinga, ta koma Wuhan Jiangda inda 'yar uwarta Temwa ke wasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Wuhan ya aika da ita aro a jere zuwa Inter [[Milano|Milan]] da Paris Saint Germain.

=== Inter Milan (rance), 2022-23 ===
Chawinga ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin aro na shekara daya da Inter Milan a kakar wasa ta 2022-23. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 August 2022 |title=Tabitha Chawinga Joins Inter |url=https://www.inter.it/en/news/tabitha-chawinga-joins-inter |access-date=20 October 2023 |website=Inter Milan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ce ta fi zura kwallo a raga a gasar Seria A da ci 23 a Inter Milan, 16 daga cikinsu a kakar wasa ta yau. Ita ce macen Afirka ta farko da ta zama 'yar wasa mafi yawan maki a Seria A. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;

=== Paris Saint-Germain (rance), 2023- ===
Chawinga ya koma Paris Saint-Germain a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tabitha Chawinga |url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/womens-team/squad/tabitha-chawinga |access-date=20 October 2023 |website=PSG |language=fr |archive-date=27 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127220835/https://en.psg.fr/teams/womens-team/squad/tabitha-chawinga |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Chawinga ta sake haduwa da manaja Gérard Prêcheur, wanda ta yi aiki a lokacin 2018-19 CWSL kakar tare da Jiangsu Suning. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 September 2023 |title=Tabitha Chawinga: &quot;We can score a lot of goals&quot; |url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/womens-team/content/tabitha-chawinga-we-can-score-a-lot-of-goals |access-date=20 October 2023 |website=PSG |archive-date=29 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929202904/https://en.psg.fr/teams/womens-team/content/tabitha-chawinga-we-can-score-a-lot-of-goals |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, ya bar mukamin a cikin Satumba 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 September 2023 |title=Communiqué du club |url=https://www.psg.fr/equipes/football-feminin/content/communique-du-club-psg-feminines-women |access-date=20 October 2023 |website=PSG |language=fr |archive-date=11 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011072840/https://www.psg.fr/equipes/football-feminin/content/communique-du-club-psg-feminines-women |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Chawinga ta ci wa PSG kwallonta ta farko a wasan da suka doke Saint-Etienne da ci 1-0. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 October 2023 |title=The Parisians win at Saint-Etienne |url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/womens-team/content/the-parisians-win-at-saint-etienne-psg-feminines-d1-arkema-2023-2024#:~:text=Thanks%20to%20a%20particularly%20lively%20Sakina%20Karchaoui%2C%20the,first%20Parisian%20goal%20from%20close%20range%20%280-1%2C%205%27%29. |access-date=20 October 2023 |website=PSG |archive-date=27 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127220835/https://en.psg.fr/teams/womens-team/content/the-parisians-win-at-saint-etienne-psg-feminines-d1-arkema-2023-2024#:~:text=Thanks%20to%20a%20particularly%20lively%20Sakina%20Karchaoui%2C%20the,first%20Parisian%20goal%20from%20close%20range%20%280-1%2C%205%27%29. |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma zama 'yar Malawi ta farko da ta fara taka leda tare da zura kwallo a gasar cin kofin zakarun mata na UEFA da kwallonta a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Manchester United. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 October 2023 |title=Chawinga becomes first Malawian to score in UEFA competition |url=https://malawi24.com/2023/10/11/chawinga-becomes-first-malawian-to-score-in-uefa-competition/ |access-date=20 October 2023 |website=Malawi 24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin mintuna na 74 da BK Häcken a wasan farko na wasan kusa dana karshe na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai na 2023-24, Chawinga ya ci kwallon da ta yi nasara da ci 2-1. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Parisians win the first leg against Häcken! |url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/womens-team/content/the-parisians-win-the-first-leg-against-haecken-bk-haecken-paris-saint-germain-women-uwcl-20232024 |access-date=20 March 2024 |website=PSG |archive-date=20 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240320234559/https://en.psg.fr/teams/womens-team/content/the-parisians-win-the-first-leg-against-haecken-bk-haecken-paris-saint-germain-women-uwcl-20232024 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƙididdigar sana'a ==

=== Kulob ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:100%; text-align: center;&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by club, season, and competition. Only official games are included in this table.
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Club
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Season
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |League
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Cup
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |League Cup
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Continental
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
|-
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |DD Sunshine
|2009
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|2010
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|2011
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|2012
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|2013
|10
|43
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|10
|43
|-
|2014
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!10
!43
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!10
!43
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |{{Interlanguage link|Krokom/Dvärsätts IF|sv}}
|2014
|18
|39
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|18
|39
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Kvarnsvedens IK
|2015
|26
|43
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|26
|43
|-
|2016
|22
|15
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|22
|15
|-
|2017
|22
|25
|1
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|23
|26
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!70
!83
!1
!1
!0
!0
!0
!0
!71
!86
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Jiangsu Suning
|2018
|14
|17
|0
|0
|1
|0
|0
|0
|15
|17
|-
|2019
|14
|12
|2+
|6
|1
|0
|3
|3
|20+
|21
|-
|2020
|12
|7
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|12
|7
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!40
!36
!2+
!6
!2
!0
!0
!0
!44+
!42
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Wuhan Jianghan University
|2021
|14
|9
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|14
|9
|-
|2022
|10
|8
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|10
|8
|-
|2023
|3
|3
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|3
|3
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!27
!20
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!27
!20
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Inter Milan (loan)
|2022-23
|23
|23
|4
|3
|0
|0
|0
|0
|27
|26
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Paris Saint-Germain (loan)
|2023-24
|18
|17
|4
|4
|10
|5
|0
|0
|32
|26
|-
!Total
!206
!261
!11+
!14
!2
!0
!13
!8
!222+
!283+
|-
|}

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
Chawinga yana aiki a matsayin kyaftin na Malawi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 June 2023 |title=Tabitha Chawinga joins Victor Osimhen as top scorer in Serie A |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/65684452 |access-date=20 October 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sakamakon kwallon kafa na kulob, Chawinga bai halarci nasarar Malawi a 2023 a gasar cin kofin mata ta COSAFA ba . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mlanjira |first=Duncan |date=20 October 2023 |title=Tabitha Chawinga shines again as PSG oust Manchester United in UEFA Women's Champions League |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/tabitha-chawinga-shines-again-as-psg-oust-manchester-united-in-uefa-womens-champions-league/ |access-date=20 October 2023 |website=Nyasa Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manufar kasa da kasa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!No.
!Date
!Venue
!Opponent
!Score
!Result
!Competition
|-
|1.
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |13 September 2017
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |Barbourfields Stadium, [[Bulawayo]], [[Zimbabwe]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{Fbw|ZAM}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''1'''–0
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |3–6
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |2017 COSAFA Women's Championship
|-
|2.
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''2'''–3
|-
|3.
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''3'''–5
|-
|4.
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |15 September 2017
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{Fbw|MAD}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''1'''–0
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |6–3
|-
|5.
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''2'''–0
|-
|6.
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''5'''–3
|-
|7.
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''6'''–3
|-
|8.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |17 September 2017
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Luveve Stadium, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Fbw|ZIM}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''2'''–3
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |3–3
|-
|9.
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''3'''–3
|-
|10.
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |4 April 2019
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Kamuzu Stadium, Blantyre, [[Malawi]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{Fbw|MOZ}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''1'''–0
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |11–1
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2020 CAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament
|-
|11.
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''3'''–0
|-
|12.
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''11'''–0
|-
|13.
|9 April 2019
|Estádio do Zimpeto, [[Maputo]], [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]
|{{Fbw|MOZ}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''2'''–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
|-
|14.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |28 August 2019
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kamuzu Stadium, Blantyre, Malawi
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Fbw|KEN}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''2'''–1
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |3–2
|-
|15.
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''3'''–1
|-
|16.
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |7 November 2020
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |Wolfson Stadium, Ibhayi, [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]]
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |{{Fbw|LES}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''2'''–0
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |9–0
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |2020 COSAFA Women's Championship
|-
|17.
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''4'''–0
|-
|18.
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''5'''–0
|-
|19.
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''6'''–0
|-
|20.
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''8'''–0
|-
|21.
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''9'''–0
|-
|22.
|12 November 2020
|{{Fbw|RSA}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''2'''–6
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–6
|-
|23.
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |5 September 2022
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |NMU Stadium, [[Port Elizabeth|Gqeberha]], South Africa
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{Fbw|COM}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''3'''–0
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |6–0
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022 COSAFA Women's Championship
|-
|24.
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''4'''–0
|-
|25.
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''5'''–0
|-
|}

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
'Yar'uwar Chawinga Temwa ita ma 'yar wasan kwallon kafa ce ta Malawi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Girmamawa ==

; Kvarnsvedens IK

* Wanda ya lashe Elitettan : 2015 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tabitha Chawinga |url=http://us.women.soccerway.com/players/tabita-chawinga/401554/ |access-date=19 June 2017 |publisher=SoccerWay}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Jiangsu Suning'''

* Super League na mata na kasar Sin : 2019 &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ahmadu |first=Samuel |date=18 Nov 2019 |title=Addo and Chawinga win quadruple as Jiangsu Suning lift Chinese Women's Super Cup title {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/addo-and-chawinga-win-quadruple-in-china-as-jiangsu-suning/136wvm6qkgagx1qte6y3qmtz6w |access-date=2020-12-02 |website=www.goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Group |first=Suning Holdings |title=Zhang Jindong Praised Suning Women's Football Club for a Quadruple Crown |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/in/news-releases/zhang-jindong-praised-suning-women-s-football-club-for-a-quadruple-crown-811182512.html |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kofin FA na mata na kasar Sin: 2019 &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
* Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Sin: 2019 &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
* Kofin Super na mata na kasar Sin : 2019 &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
* Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta AFC 2019 : Masu tsere &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MD3: Jiangsu Suning defeat Incheon Hyundai to finish second {{!}} Football {{!}} News {{!}} Women's Club Championship 2019 |url=https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-womens-club-championship/latest/news/md3-jiangsu-suning-defeat-incheon-hyundai-to-finish-second |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=the-AFC |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Jami'ar Wuhan Jianghan'''

* Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta China : 2021

; ɗaiɗaiku

* Babban dan wasan Elitettan: 2015 
* {{Lang|sv|[[Damallsvenskan]]}} wanda ya fi zira kwallaye: 2017 &lt;ref name=&quot;2017_scorers&quot;/&gt;
* Gwarzon dan wasan Sweden na shekara : 2017 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 November 2017 |title=Här är alla vinnare på Fotbollsgalan 2017 |url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/3jkmwP |website=www.aftonbladet.se}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ƙungiyar Mata ta IFFHS CAF na Shekaru Goma 2011-2020 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 January 2021 |title=IFFHS Women's CAF Team Decade 2011–2020 |url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/925 |access-date=7 August 2023 |website=The International Federation of Football History &amp; Statistics ([[IFFHS]]) |archive-date=2 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402080022/https://iffhs.com/index.php/posts/925 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* IFFHS Ko da yaushe Ƙungiyar Mafarkin Mata na Afirka : 2021 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 June 2021 |title=IFFHS All-time Africa Women's Dream Team |url=https://www.iffhs.com/posts/1138 |website=The International Federation of Football History &amp; Statistics (IFFHS) |access-date=12 April 2024 |archive-date=7 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607210413/https://www.iffhs.com/posts/1138 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Babban wanda ya zira kwallaye a gasar Super League ta mata : 2018, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 April 2018 |title=#CWSL {{!}} Topscorers of the League |url=https://twitter.com/chnwnt/status/1056221824604872706/photo/1 |access-date=6 August 2021 |website=China Women's Football – 中国女足 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2019, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=中国足球协会女子足球超级联赛 |url=http://women.thecfa.cn/cwsl_data_2022/index.html |access-date=17 August 2022 |website=CFA Women's SUper League |language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2021 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 November 2021 |title=#CWSL Top Scorers |url=https://twitter.com/CHNWNT/status/1465669582312644611 |access-date=17 August 2022 |website=China Women's Football – 中国女足 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Gwarzon dan wasan Super League na mata na kasar Sin : 2018, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; 2019 &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;
* Gwarzon Kwallon Mata na Seria A : 2022-23 &lt;ref name=&quot;gala2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 December 2023 |title=Gran Galà del Calcio: tutti i vincitori della serata LIVE |url=https://sport.sky.it/calcio/serie-a/2023/12/04/gala-del-calcio-2023-premi-vincitori |access-date=5 December 2023 |website=Sky Sport |language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kungiyar Mata ta Seria A : 2022–23 &lt;ref name=&quot;gala2023&quot; /&gt;

== Magana ==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1996]]
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>tvleegldcqbniatrqfhr4wz5h38qnnd</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ralph Green</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>77819</id>
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      <id>893002</id>
      <parentid>435109</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:07:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>13371</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="1188" sha1="a0glouolh2pp7qi1xjtz21ob19nn8l1" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Ralph Frederick Green''' (8 Yuni 1911 - 9 Maris 1991) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Australiya wanda ya taka leda tare da Sturt a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kudancin Australiya (SANFL). Hakanan yana da matsayi a Carlton a cikin Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Victoria (VFL) da West Perth a cikin Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Yammacin Australiya.
Green, wanda ya taka leda a matsayin dan gaba a farkon shekarunsa tare da Sturt, an jawo shi zuwa Carlton a 1932 kuma sakamakon haka ya rasa taka leda a kungiyar Sturt ta Premier a waccan kakar. Lokacinsa a Carlton yana fama da rauni kuma ya sami damar buga wasanni biyar kawai. A 1933 ya koma Sturt kuma a wannan shekarar ya wakilci Kudancin Ostiraliya a Sydney Carnival.
&lt;ref&gt;Holmesby, Russell; Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia Of AFL Footballers. BAS Publishing.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://afltables.com/afl/stats/players/R/Ralph_Green.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-04-27 |archive-date=2014-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129051057/http://afltables.com/afl/stats/players/R/Ralph_Green.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta== 
{{Reflist}} 
[[Category:Haifaffun 1911]]
[[Category:Mutuwan 1991]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Melady House</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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[[Fayil:Melady House in Alexandria, Louisiana.jpg|thumb|Melady house]]
'''Melady House''' gida ne mai tarihi a Alexandria, Louisiana.
Gidan yana da 5800 England Drive. An kuma gina shi c. 1905 a cikin Rapides Parish a cikin salon Tarurrukan Mulki. An ƙara kadarorin zuwa Rajista na Wuraren Tarihi na Ƙasa a ranar 23 ga watan Fabrairu, 1996. {{Stub}} 
==Manazarta==
&lt;ref&gt;National Register staff (23 Feb 1996). &quot;National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Melady House&quot;. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. Retrieved 9 Feb 2020. With 8 photos from 1995.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;&quot;National Register Information System – Melady House (#96000160)&quot;. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>n916l77hg6o3olzpipbnft2d2r931li</sha1>
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[[Fayil:Melady House in Alexandria, Louisiana.jpg|thumb|Melady house]]
'''Melady House''' gida ne mai tarihi a Alexandria, Louisiana.
Gidan yana da 5800 England Drive. An kuma gina shi c. 1905 a cikin Rapides Parish a cikin salon Tarurrukan Mulki. An kuma ƙara kadarorin zuwa Rajista na Wuraren Tarihi na Ƙasa a ranar 23 ga watan Fabrairu, 1996. {{Stub}} 
==Manazarta==
&lt;ref&gt;National Register staff (23 Feb 1996). &quot;National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Melady House&quot;. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. Retrieved 9 Feb 2020. With 8 photos from 1995.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;&quot;National Register Information System – Melady House (#96000160)&quot;. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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[[Fayil:Melady House in Alexandria, Louisiana.jpg|thumb|Melady house]]
'''Melady House''' gida ne mai tarihi a Alexandria, Louisiana.
Gidan yana da 5800 England Drive. An kuma gina shi c. 1905 a cikin Rapides Parish a cikin salon Tarurrukan Mulki. An kuma ƙara kadarorin zuwa Rajista na Wuraren Tarihi na Ƙasa a ranar 23 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1996. {{Stub}} 
==Manazarta==
&lt;ref&gt;National Register staff (23 Feb 1996). &quot;National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Melady House&quot;. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. Retrieved 9 Feb 2020. With 8 photos from 1995.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;&quot;National Register Information System – Melady House (#96000160)&quot;. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rn7fhk96p6zenjdqyxn81sv5ay3e6zr</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Muhammad Ajmal Cheema</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>78154</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893455</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:58:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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      <text bytes="3241" sha1="9mqcsv24i8e699fo2g63yjucdxc8dxd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Muhammad Ajmal Cheema''' (an haife shi  sha’Uku 13 ga watan Janairun shekarar  dubu daya da ɗari Tara da sittin 1960) ɗan siyasan kasar [['Yan Pakistan|Pakistan]] ne wanda ya kasance Ministan Lardi na Punjab na Bait-ul-Mal da walwala, a ofis daga sha’uku 13 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2018 zuwa sha’Tara 19 ga watan Yulin shekarar 2019. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Lardi na Punjab tun Agustan shekarar 2012.

== Sana'ar siyasa ==
Ya shiga kasar Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) a shekara ta 2013. Ya tsaya takara a babban zaɓen Pakistan na shekarar 2013 a matsayin dan takarar PTI daga PP-51 Faisalabad-I amma Azad Ali Tabassum na Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML(N)) ya doke shi.

An zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Lardi na Punjab a matsayin ɗan takara mai zaman kansa daga PP-97 Faisalabad-I a zaɓen lardin Punjab na shekarar 2018 . Ya samu ƙuri'u 42,405 sannan ya doke Ali Afzal Sahi, ɗan takarar jam'iyyar PTI. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election Results 2018 - Constituency Details |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/election/constituency/PP-97 |access-date=29 July 2018 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |publisher=The News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya shiga PTI ne bayan zaɓen sa. 

A ranar 12 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2018, an shigar da shi cikin majalisar ministocin lardin Punjab na babban minista Sardar Usman Buzdar . A ranar 13 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2018, an naɗa shi a matsayin ministan lardin Punjab na Bait-ul-Mal da walwala. 

An cire shi daga mukamin ministan lardin Punjab na Baitul Maal da walwalar jama'a a ranar 19 ga Yulin shekarar 2019.

Ana tuhumar sa da yin zina/goyi bayan zinar Baitul Maal guda ɗaya da kuma jindadin jama'a da yara kanana da yake kula da su. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2019 |title=Scandal of underage girls' forced marriages at state-run shelter home surfaced in Lahore |url=https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/29-Nov-2019/scandal-of-underage-girls-marriages-at-state-run-lahore-s-shelter-home-surfaced}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 21 ga Mayun shekarar 2022, an cire shi daga zama saboda kaɗa ƙuri'ar adawa da manufofin jam'iyya na zaben Babban Ministan Punjab a ranar 16 ga watan Afrilun shekarar 2022 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ECP de-seats 25 dissident PTI MPs who voted for Hamza Shahbaz |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/959286-ecp-to-announce-verdict-in-dissident-pti-mps-case-today |access-date=2022-05-21 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya tsaya takarar a matsayin dan takarar PML(N) a zaben fidda gwani na watan Yulin 2022, amma bai yi nasara ba. Ya samu ƙuri'u 54,266 sannan Ali Afzal Sahi dan takarar jam'iyyar PTI ne ya doke shi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PP-97 Faisalabad Bye Election 2022 Result Information |url=https://www.electionpakistani.com/ge2018/bye-elections/PP-97-Faisalabad.htm |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=www.electionpakistani.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya tsaya takara a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar Istehkam-e-Pakistan a babban zaɓen Pakistan na shekarar 2024 daga PP-98 Faisalabad-I, amma bai sake yin nasara ba a karo na 3. Ya samu ƙuri'u 25,266 sannan Junaid Afzal Sahi, dan takarar jam'iyyar PTI ya doke shi.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>9mqcsv24i8e699fo2g63yjucdxc8dxd</sha1>
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      <id>893456</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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      <origin>893456</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3246" sha1="mgleuhfvyp1d3e7rz9xzwfjhoa8ree3" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Muhammad Ajmal Cheema''' (an haife shi  sha’Uku 13 ga watan Janairun shekarar  dubu daya da ɗari Tara da sittin 1960) ɗan siyasan kasar [['Yan Pakistan|Pakistan]] ne wanda ya kasance Ministan Lardi na Punjab na Bait-ul-Mal da walwala, a ofis daga sha’uku 13 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2018 zuwa sha’Tara 19 ga watan Yulin shekarar 2019. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Lardi na Punjab tun Agustan shekarar 2012.

== Sana'ar siyasa ==
Ya shiga kasar Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) a shekara ta 2013. Ya tsaya takara a babban zaɓen Pakistan na shekarar 2013 a matsayin dan takarar PTI daga PP-51 Faisalabad-I amma Azad Ali Tabassum na Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML(N)) ya doke shi.

An kuma zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Lardi na Punjab a matsayin ɗan takara mai zaman kansa daga PP-97 Faisalabad-I a zaɓen lardin Punjab na shekarar 2018 . Ya samu ƙuri'u 42,405 sannan ya doke Ali Afzal Sahi, ɗan takarar jam'iyyar PTI. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election Results 2018 - Constituency Details |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/election/constituency/PP-97 |access-date=29 July 2018 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |publisher=The News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya shiga PTI ne bayan zaɓen sa. 

A ranar 12 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2018, an shigar da shi cikin majalisar ministocin lardin Punjab na babban minista Sardar Usman Buzdar . A ranar 13 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2018, an naɗa shi a matsayin ministan lardin Punjab na Bait-ul-Mal da walwala. 

An cire shi daga mukamin ministan lardin Punjab na Baitul Maal da walwalar jama'a a ranar 19 ga Yulin shekarar 2019.

Ana tuhumar sa da yin zina/goyi bayan zinar Baitul Maal guda ɗaya da kuma jindadin jama'a da yara kanana da yake kula da su. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2019 |title=Scandal of underage girls' forced marriages at state-run shelter home surfaced in Lahore |url=https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/29-Nov-2019/scandal-of-underage-girls-marriages-at-state-run-lahore-s-shelter-home-surfaced}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 21 ga Mayun shekarar 2022, an cire shi daga zama saboda kaɗa ƙuri'ar adawa da manufofin jam'iyya na zaben Babban Ministan Punjab a ranar 16 ga watan Afrilun shekarar 2022 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ECP de-seats 25 dissident PTI MPs who voted for Hamza Shahbaz |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/959286-ecp-to-announce-verdict-in-dissident-pti-mps-case-today |access-date=2022-05-21 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya tsaya takarar a matsayin dan takarar PML(N) a zaben fidda gwani na watan Yulin 2022, amma bai yi nasara ba. Ya samu ƙuri'u 54,266 sannan Ali Afzal Sahi dan takarar jam'iyyar PTI ne ya doke shi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PP-97 Faisalabad Bye Election 2022 Result Information |url=https://www.electionpakistani.com/ge2018/bye-elections/PP-97-Faisalabad.htm |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=www.electionpakistani.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya tsaya takara a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar Istehkam-e-Pakistan a babban zaɓen Pakistan na shekarar 2024 daga PP-98 Faisalabad-I, amma bai sake yin nasara ba a karo na 3. Ya samu ƙuri'u 25,266 sannan Junaid Afzal Sahi, dan takarar jam'iyyar PTI ya doke shi.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>mgleuhfvyp1d3e7rz9xzwfjhoa8ree3</sha1>
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      <id>893457</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:58:40Z</timestamp>
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        <id>44090</id>
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      <text bytes="3260" sha1="jssz2m96fri8ej1i7y1bh3lqbpfwn02" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Muhammad Ajmal Cheema''' (an haife shi  sha’Uku 13 ga watan Janairun shekarar  dubu daya da ɗari Tara da sittin 1960) ɗan siyasan kasar [['Yan Pakistan|Pakistan]] ne wanda ya kasance Ministan Lardi na Punjab na Bait-ul-Mal da walwala, a ofis daga sha’uku 13 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2018 zuwa sha’Tara 19 ga watan Yulin shekarar 2019. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Lardi na Punjab tun Agustan shekarar 2012.

== Sana'ar siyasa ==
Ya shiga kasar Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) a shekara ta 2013. Ya tsaya takara a babban zaɓen Pakistan na shekarar 2013 a matsayin dan takarar PTI daga PP-51 Faisalabad-I amma Azad Ali Tabassum na Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML(N)) ya doke shi.

An kuma zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Lardi na Punjab a matsayin ɗan takara mai zaman kansa daga PP-97 Faisalabad-I a zaɓen lardin Punjab na shekarar 2018 . Ya samu ƙuri'u 42,405 sannan ya doke Ali Afzal Sahi, ɗan takarar jam'iyyar PTI. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election Results 2018 - Constituency Details |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/election/constituency/PP-97 |access-date=29 July 2018 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |publisher=The News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya shiga PTI ne bayan zaɓen sa. 

A ranar 12 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2018, an shigar da shi cikin majalisar ministocin lardin Punjab na babban minista Sardar Usman Buzdar . A ranar 13 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2018, an naɗa shi a matsayin ministan lardin Punjab na Bait-ul-Mal da walwala. 

An cire shi daga mukamin ministan lardin Punjab na Baitul Maal da walwalar jama'a a ranar 19 ga Yulin shekarar 2019.

Ana tuhumar sa da yin zina/goyi bayan zinar Baitul Maal guda ɗaya da kuma jindadin jama'a da yara kanana da yake kula da su. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2019 |title=Scandal of underage girls' forced marriages at state-run shelter home surfaced in Lahore |url=https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/29-Nov-2019/scandal-of-underage-girls-marriages-at-state-run-lahore-s-shelter-home-surfaced}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 21 ga Mayun shekarar 2022, an cire shi daga zama saboda kaɗa ƙuri'ar adawa da manufofin jam'iyya na zaben Babban Ministan Punjab a ranar 16 ga watan Afrilun shekarar 2022 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ECP de-seats 25 dissident PTI MPs who voted for Hamza Shahbaz |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/959286-ecp-to-announce-verdict-in-dissident-pti-mps-case-today |access-date=2022-05-21 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kuma tsaya takarar a matsayin dan takarar PML(N) a zaben fidda gwani na watan Yulin shekarar 2022, amma bai yi nasara ba. Ya samu ƙuri'u 54,266 sannan Ali Afzal Sahi dan takarar jam'iyyar PTI ne ya doke shi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PP-97 Faisalabad Bye Election 2022 Result Information |url=https://www.electionpakistani.com/ge2018/bye-elections/PP-97-Faisalabad.htm |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=www.electionpakistani.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya tsaya takara a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar Istehkam-e-Pakistan a babban zaɓen Pakistan na shekarar 2024 daga PP-98 Faisalabad-I, amma bai sake yin nasara ba a karo na 3. Ya samu ƙuri'u 25,266 sannan Junaid Afzal Sahi, dan takarar jam'iyyar PTI ya doke shi.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>jssz2m96fri8ej1i7y1bh3lqbpfwn02</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Betty Anyanwu-Akeredolu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>78536</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893334</id>
      <parentid>555405</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T06:21:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Baffa ali</username>
        <id>47435</id>
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      <comment>/* Manazarta */</comment>
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'''Betty Anyanwu-Akeredolu,''' (an haife ta ranar 20 ga watan Yuli, 1953). ƴar [[Najeriya]] ce mai kula da kifi wacce ta kasance uwargidan farko ta Jihar Ondo a [[Najeriya]] daga shekara ta dubu biyu da sha’bakwai 2017 zuwa shekarar dubu biyu da ishirin da uku 2023. Ita 'yar mata ce kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. Ta auri tsohon gwamnan jihar Ondo Rotimi Akeredolu,  Ita ce ta kafa Kungiyar Ciwon nono ta [[Najeriya]], kuma mai tsira daga ciwon nono.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/07/betty-anyanwu-akeredolu-67-three-scores-and-seven-of-impactful-life/&lt;/ref&gt; {{Stub}} 

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Category:Haifaffun 1953]]

She began her career as a fish farmer while working with the Federal Department of Fisheries. She retired in 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday/20170303/281784218879458|publisher=thisdaylive.com |title= |via=PressReader |access-date=7 April 2017}}{{title missing|date=May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ondoevents.com/2017/06/17/betty-anyanwu-akeredolu-compassionate-first-lady-of-ondo-state/|title=Betty Anyanwu – Akeredolu, Compassionate First Lady of Ondo state|last=ondoevents|date=17 June 2017|publisher=|access-date=15 August 2017|archive-date=1 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701152348/http://www.ondoevents.com/2017/06/17/betty-anyanwu-akeredolu-compassionate-first-lady-of-ondo-state/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; She is a commercial fish farmer and provides [[Consultant|consultancy]] services through her firm, Aquatek Farms Ventures.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://dailymedia.com.ng/meet-betty-anyanwu-akeredolu-wife-of-ondo-state-governor-mr-rotimi-akeredolu-her-4-children-see-brief-profile-biography/|title=Meet Betty Anyanwu Akeredolu Wife of Ondo State Governor Mr. Rotimi Akeredolu Her 4 Children : See Brief Profile &amp; Biography – Daily Media Nigeria|website=dailymedia.com.ng|access-date=19 October 2017|archive-date=6 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906001721/http://dailymedia.com.ng/meet-betty-anyanwu-akeredolu-wife-of-ondo-state-governor-mr-rotimi-akeredolu-her-4-children-see-brief-profile-biography/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, she has made a foray into politics since 2007 and is active in the present (2017) dispensation.&lt;ref name=&quot;footnote1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://studylib.net/doc/7071818/--recovery-international-breast-cancer-support-conference|title=- Recovery International Breast Cancer Support Conference |website=studylib.net |access-date=6 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Deng Geu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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'''Dengeu John Geu''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Janairun shekarar 1997) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne na ƙasar Uganda a ƙungiyar HLA Alicante ta Primera FEB . Ya buga ƙwallon kwando na kwaleji a ƙungiyar North Dakota State Bison da kuma North Texas Mean Green .

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Geu a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira a Uganda a matsayin ɗa ga iyayensa 'yan Sudan ta Kudu. Yana da shekaru 6, ya ƙaura zuwa [[North Dakota]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Playing for Uganda means the world to Deng Geu |url=http://www.fiba.basketball/afrobasket/2021/qualifiers/news/playing-for-uganda-means-the-world-to-deng-geu |access-date=8 September 2021 |website=FIBA.basketball |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kwaleji ==
A watan Afrilun 2019, Deng Geu ya bar ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Jihar North Dakota ta Bison . Geu ya cancanci yin wasa nan take kuma bai kamata ya tsaya takara ba shekara guda. 

A can, ya samu matsakaicin maki 9.6 a kowace wasa a kakar wasansa ta ƙarshe. Ya buga wasanni 97 a cikin kakar wasa uku a NDSU kuma ya fara wasa ɗaya a 2016–17. Geu ya bar NDSU da maki 645 (6.6/wasa), 335 rebounds, da kuma toshe 57. 

Daga baya Deng Geu ya shiga Jami'ar North Texas inda ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 2020. 

== Sana'ar ƙwararru ==
A watan Satumba na 2020, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru da Horsens IC, mai riƙe da kofuna shida a Basketligaen, babban gasar ƙwallon kwando ta [[Denmark]] . 

A ranar 21 ga Yuli 2021 ya sanya hannu da Rasta Vechta na ƙungiyar German ProA . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 21, 2021 |title=Elftes Puzzleteil: Deng Geu Macht Rastas Bild Komplett! |url=https://www.rasta-vechta.de/home/einzelansicht/elftes-puzzleteil-deng-geu-macht-rastas-bild-komplett/ |access-date=August 3, 2021 |website=rasta-vechta.de |publisher= |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasanni biyar, Geu ya samu matsakaicin maki 1.4 da kuma ramuwar ramuwar 2.8 a kowane wasa.

=== Tatsuniyoyin Texas (2021–2022) ===
A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 2021 ne Texas Legends of the NBA G League suka saya shi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 15, 2021 |title=Legends Acquire Deng Geu |url=https://texas.gleague.nba.com/news/legends-acquire-deng-geu/ |access-date=November 21, 2021 |website=NBA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kwararre na Lusitaniya (2022-2023) ===
A ranar 9 ga Satumba 2022 Geu ya rattaba hannu tare da Lusitânia EXPERT na La Liga Portuguesa de Basquetebol . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 9, 2022 |title=Lusitania inks Deng Geu |url=https://www.afrobasket.com/Uganda/news/769997/Lusitania-inks-Deng-Geu |access-date=June 15, 2023 |website=AfroBasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Agusta na 2025, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar HLA Alicante ta Primera FEB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 21, 2025 |title=El ala pívot Deng Geu completa la plantilla del HLA Alicante |url=https://fundacionlucentum.com/el-ala-pivot-deng-geu-completa-la-plantilla-del-hla-alicante/ |access-date=February 5, 2026 |website=fundacionlucentum.com |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tawagar ƙasa ==
Deng Geu ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa ta Uganda, wanda ake yi wa lakabi da ''Silverbacks'' . 

A wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta FIBA ta shekarar 2019 a [[Najeriya|Najeriya,]] ya samu matsakaicin maki 13.3 da kuma bugun ramuwar gayya 11.3 a kowane wasa. Ya kuma shiga gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar AfroCan ta 2019. 

== Bayanan ɗan wasa ==
Horsens IC ta bayyana a bainar jama'a cewa sun ɗauki Deng aiki saboda iyawarsa ta kariya. 

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://www.fiba.basketball/fr/afrobasket/2021/qualifiers/player/Deng-John-Geu Bayanin FIBA]
* [https://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Deng-Geu/Denmark/Horsens-IC/369870 Bayanin martaba] a Eurobasket.com
* [https://meangreensports.com/sports/mens-basketball/roster/deng-geu/4161 Tarihin Arewacin Texas Mean Green]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>6wghn6n6n0zr3uuuxly9wkpbmgcwuly</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>TVET (ilimi da horo na fasaha da sana'a)</title>
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'''TVE''' ('''ilimi na fasaha da sana'a''') yana nufin duk nau'o'i da matakan ilimi kuma wanda ke ba da ilimi da ƙwarewa da suka shafi sana'o'a a bangarori daban-daban na rayuwar tattalin arziki da zamantakewa ta hanyar hanyoyin ilmantarwa na al'ada, wadanda ba na al'adu ba a cikin yanayin ilmantarwa da na aiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCO-UNEVOC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=What is TVET? |url=http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=What+is+TVET |access-date=23 December 2017 |website=UNESCO-UNEVOC |publisher=UNESCO |archive-date=5 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405170214/http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=What+is+TVET |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Skills for work and life |url=https://en.unesco.org/themes/skills-work-and-life |access-date=3 May 2018 |website=UNESCO}}&lt;/ref&gt;Don cimma burinta da manufofinta, TVE tana mai da hankali kan ilmantarwa da ƙwarewar dabarun ƙwarewa da ka'idodin kimiyya da ke ƙarƙashin waɗannan dabarun, da kuma ilimi, ƙwarewa le dabi'u.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|edition=Szokoly Mária}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manufa ==
Ilimi da Horarwa na Fasaha da Kwarewa (TVET) yana aiki da dalilai da yawa. Babban manufar ita ce shirya matasa don aiki. Wannan yana ɗaukar nau'in ilmantarwa da haɓaka ƙwarewar da ke da alaƙa da aiki da ƙwarewar ilimin kimiyya da ka'idodin kimiyya. An bayyana aiki sosai sabili da haka yana nufin aiki na yau da kullun da kuma aikin kai. Don tallafawa aikin kai, tsarin karatun TVET sau da yawa ya haɗa da horar da kasuwanci. Da ke da alaƙa da wannan shine haihuwar zamantakewa da sauya ayyukan sana'a da sana'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:maclean&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|edition=Dennis R}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Matsayin da ya danganci shi ne ci gaba da ci gaban sana'a. Canje-canje na fasaha suna buƙatar ma'aikata su ci gaba da sabunta iliminsu da ƙwarewarsu. Ba kamar baya ba inda za a iya gudanar da aiki har abada, wuri ne na yau da kullun don canza sana'a sau da yawa. TVET yana ba da damar wannan sassauci ta hanyoyi biyu. Ɗaya shine samar da ilimi na fasaha mai zurfi da ƙwarewa wanda za'a iya dogara da ayyuka daban-daban. Na biyu shine samar da ci gaba da horar da sana'a ga ma'aikata.&lt;ref name=&quot;:maclean&quot;/&gt;Ya bambanta da tsarin masana'antu na tsohuwar tattalin arziki, tattalin arzikin duniya na yau yana da alhakin ma'aikaci ya ci gaba da sake kirkirar kansa ko kanta. A baya, an tabbatar da ma'aikata da aiki na rayuwa, tare da aiki na cikakken lokaci, matsayi na aiki da kuma hanyoyin aiki da aka kafa. Wannan ba haka ba ne. Tattalin arzikin duniya da ke dogara da ilimi yana da sauye-sauye masu sauri a cikin fasaha da hanyoyin aiki masu alaƙa. Sau da yawa, ma'aikata suna samun kansu an bayyana su ba su da amfani kuma ba su da aiki. TVET a yau yana da alhakin sake horar da irin waɗannan ma'aikata don ba su damar samun su kuma su koma aiki Baya ga samar da ilimi da ya shafi aiki, TVET kuma shafin ne na ci gaban mutum da 'yanci. Wadannan sun damu da ci gaban waɗancan iyawar mutum waɗanda ke da alaƙa da fahimtar cikakken damar mutum game da biyan kuɗi ko aikin kai, abubuwan da ke cikin sana'a, da burin rayuwa a waje da aiki. A lokaci guda TVET na neman ba da damar mutum ya shawo kan rashin amfani saboda yanayin haihuwa ko abubuwan da suka faru a baya.[1][2]&lt;ref name=&quot;:mcgrath&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=McGrath |first=Simon |date=2011 |title=Where to Now for Vocational Education and Training in Africa |journal=International Journal of Training and Research |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=35–48 |doi=10.5172/ijtr.9.1-2.35 |s2cid=145050191}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:porres&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Porres |first=Gisselle Tur |last2=Wildemeersch |first2=Danny |last3=Simons |first3=Maarten |date=2014 |title=Reflections on the Emancipatory Potential of Vocational Education and Training Practices: Freire and Rancière in Dialogue |url=https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/398568 |journal=Studies in Continuing Education |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=275–289 |doi=10.1080/0158037X.2014.904783 |s2cid=143863632}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga ra'ayi na ci gaba, TVET yana sauƙaƙa samar da ci gaban tattalin arziki ta hanyar kara yawan ma'aikata. Sakamakon daga karuwar fitarwa ya wuce farashin horo, kai tsaye da kai tsaye, wanda ke haifar da ci gaban tattalin arziki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hoeckel |first=Kathrin |date=2008 |title=Costs and Benefits of Vocational Education and Training |url=http://www.oecd.org/education/skills-beyond-school/41538706.pdf |journal=OECD |volume=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; TVET kamar kowane nau'in ilimi kuma yana sauƙaƙa ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ta hanyar haɓaka ikon mutane don karɓar ayyukan da suka dace da zamantakewa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:mcgrath&quot;/&gt;A matsayin nau'in ilimi mai kama da sauran, TVET na da niyyar bunkasa manyan iyawar mutum wanda ke nuna mutum mai ilimi. Don haka, samar da ilimi mai zurfi yana neman tabbatar da tunanin mai sukar-halitta. TVET kuma tana da niyyar haɓaka ƙwarewa don ingantaccen sadarwa da ingantaccen dangantaka tsakanin mutane.&lt;ref name=&quot;:maclean&quot;/&gt;

== Haɗuwa ==
Saboda warewar TVET tare da sauran kogunan ilimi ba a karɓa sosai ba, musamman a makarantar sakandare. An dauki matakai don rage rarraba ilimi da horo da kuma magance shingen hukumomi wanda ya hana zaɓuɓɓukan masu koyo na TVET ciki har da zaɓuɓɓuka don motsawa tsaye zuwa matakan ilmantarwa mafi girma, ko a kwance zuwa wasu rafi.

Masu tsara manufofi sun gabatar da nau'ikan haɗuwa tare da wasu tsarin ilimi, ban da wasu bambance-bambance tsakanin TVET da raƙuman ilimi sun ɓace.&lt;ref&gt;Maclean, R. and Pavlova, M. 2011. Vocationalisation of secondary and higher education: pathways to the world of work. UNESCO-UNEVOC, ''Revisiting Global Trends in TVET: Reflections on Theory and Practice''. Bonn, Germany, UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training, pp. 40–85.&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan haɗin gwiwar an kira shi ′vocationalization na ilimin sakandare′, irin wannan tsari ya faru zuwa ƙarami a cikin ilimi na sakandare.

=== Faransa da Netherlands ===
Kwararren baccalauréat a [[Faransa]], da kuma middelbaar beroepsonderwijs (MBO) suna ƙidaya ƙwarewar aiki a yankin da suke ƙwarewa a ciki.

=== Jamus da Austria ===
Koyon ya inganta abun ciki a cikin darussan horar da sana'a kuma an ba da fifiko sosai ga ƙwarewar mutum.

=== Indiya ===
An haɗa ilimin aiki a cikin ƙa'idodin firamare (digiri 1-8) don sa ɗalibai su san aiki. A matakin sakandare na ƙasa (digiri 9-10) an haɗa ilimin kafin sana'a tare da manufar kara yawan ɗalibai da duniyar aiki.

=== Iran ===
Kungiyar Horar da Fasaha da Kwarewar Iran ko a takaice '''I.R.T.V.T.O''' tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da Ma'aikatar Kwadago, Kwadago da Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, wanda aka kafa daga haɗakar cibiyoyin ilimi guda uku a cikin 1980 don samar da ilimin fasaha da sana'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;itvto1&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web |title=سازمان فنی و حرفه ای کشور - رشد |url=http://daneshnameh.roshd.ir/mavara/mavara-index.php?page=%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86+%d9%81%d9%86%db%8c+%d9%88+%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%81%d9%87+%d8%a7%db%8c+%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%88%d8%b1&amp;SSOReturnPage=Check&amp;Rand=0 |access-date=19 October 2020 |language=fa}}
&lt;/ref&gt; Baya ga hedkwatar tsakiya, wannan kungiyar tana da manyan hukumomi 31 a larduna na [[Iran]], cibiyar horar da malamai, Cibiyar Koyon 552 da kuma sama da makarantun fasaha da sana'a 11700 kyauta. Don cimma sabbin labarai na kimiyya da fasaha da kuma bin ka'idojin kasa da kasa, kungiyar koyaushe tana ƙoƙarin fadada dangantakar kasa da kasa da, gami da Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya (ILO)  da Kungiyar Koyarwa ta Duniya a wasu ƙasashe. A wannan bangaren, kungiyar, ba tare da la'akari da fassarar tsarin kungiya ba, tana gudanar da ayyukanta ne kawai a fagen ilimi, tare da goyon bayan fagen bincike.&lt;ref name=&quot;itvto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 September 2018 |title=معرفی سازمان آموزش فنی و حرفه ای - تبیان |url=https://article.tebyan.net/446353/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4-%D9%81%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C |access-date=19 October 2020 |language=fa |archive-date=19 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019233014/https://article.tebyan.net/446353/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4-%D9%81%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;itvto3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=مرجبی مدیر مرکز فنی حرفه ای لوشان_ آموزش های مهارتی حلقه مفقوده اشتغال و کارآفرینی در کشور ماست _ شکوفه های زیتون |url=http://sh-zeitoun.ir/fa/?p=52209 |access-date=19 October 2020 |language=fa |archive-date=22 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022053221/http://sh-zeitoun.ir/fa/?p=52209 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;itvto4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=20 January 2013 |title=نیازسنجی آموزش_های فنی و حرفه_ای مرتبط با زیست_فناوری در سازمان آموزش فنی و حرفه_ای ایران |url=http://eps.journals.umz.ac.ir/article_779.html |journal=مطالعات برنامه ریزی آموزشی |language=fa |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=161–180 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=20 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020193426/http://eps.journals.umz.ac.ir/article_779.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;TVET galibi ana gabatar da shi ne ta hanyar TVTO wanda shine mafi yawan horar da ƙwarewa a Iran, wanda ke ƙoƙarin biyan bukatun ƙwarewar kasuwar ma'aikata da kuma sabunta ƙwarewar ma'aikatan tare da sabbin fasahohi.Yana aiki a matsayin mai ba da sabis da mai aiwatar da horo na fasaha da sana'a na yau da kullun a cikin noma, masana'antu, ayyuka, al'adu, da fasaha. TVTO tana da hedkwatar a babban birnin Tehran, cibiyar horar da malamai (ITC) a birnin Karaj, manyan ofisoshin larduna 31, cibiyoyin horar da jama'a 641, bita na jama'a 4710, da kuma sama da cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu 12000 a duk faɗin ƙasar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 January 2023 |title=Iran Tchnical &amp; Vocational Training Organization |url=https://international.irantvto.ir/about-us |access-date=23 January 2023 |publisher=[[Iran TVTO]] Online }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Jami'ar Fasaha da Kwarewa''' ('''TVU''') (Persian) ta haɗa da ilimi mafi girma wanda ke gudanar da dukkan kwalejojin fasaha / sana'a a duk faɗin ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 May 2012 |title=آشنایی با دانشگاه فنی و حرفه‌ای |url=http://hamshahrionline.ir/details/172561/Education/higher |access-date=2015-09-29 |publisher=[[Hamshahri]] Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Babban manufar wannan Jami'ar, horar da masu fasaha a cikin manyan fasaha. 4/5 na majors suna cikin digiri na Associate kuma 1/5 na cikin Digiri na farko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 November 2015 |title=تکنسین ماهر بیشتر از دکتر بیکار برای جامعه ارزش دارد/طرح تبادل دانشجو با دانشگاه فنی برلین |url=http://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1394/08/11/905184/%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1-%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B4-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%AD-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%AC%D9%88-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D9%81%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86 |access-date=2 November 2015 |publisher=[[Tasnim News]] Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;Jami'ar tana da makarantu da kwalejoji sama da 176 a duk faɗin ƙasar, kuma tare da dalibai sama da dubu 180, tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan jami'o'i a [[Iran]]. akwai dukkan manyan masu fasaha da sana'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=رشته های دانشگاهی فنی و حرفه ای |trans-title=Academic courses and vocational |url=http://daneshnameh.roshd.ir/mavara/mavara-index.php?page=%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%87+%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C+%D9%81%D9%86%DB%8C+%D9%88+%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%87+%D8%A7%DB%8C&amp;SSOReturnPage=Check&amp;Rand=0 |access-date=2014-06-08 |publisher=Daneshnameh.roshd.ir |language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt;Don cimma burin, TVTO tana gudanar da darussan horo na watanni 3-18 ga masu neman aiki da ma'aikata a bangarori daban-daban. Tare da shirye-shiryen horo, akwai ayyukan bincike, gini, kayan aiki da ci gaban albarkatun ɗan adam, mafi mahimmanci sun haɗa da: tsara ƙa'idodin horo bisa ga lambobin ƙasa da ƙasa, bincike, sabunta ƙa'idodin horarwa, bincike a cikin shirye-shirye na horo, kayan aikin horo, kayan kallo, kafa sabbin bita, gwajin ƙwarewar guilds, ƙayyade ƙwarewar masu neman cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu, gudanar da tarurruka na musamman, bayar da takaddun shaida na ƙwarewa ga ma'aikatan gini.

=== Iraki ===
Sabon gwaji ne a Iraki game da TVET, akwai ma'aikatu uku da suka shafi TVET a Iraki, Ma'aikatar Ilimi mafi girma da bincike na kimiyya wanda jami'o'in fasaha ke wakilta, Ma'aikatan Ilimi wanda tushe na ilimi na sana'a ke wakilta shi, da Ma'aikalin Ayyuka da Social Guaranty wanda cibiyoyin horar da sana'a suka wakilta. UNESCO ce ke horar da waɗannan ƙungiyoyi a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata a kan manyan batutuwa da fannoni na TVET, don haka yanzu suna jiran Perelman na Iraqi don sanya doka mai dacewa ga Majalisar TVET a Iraki don fara tsarin ta da sarrafa waɗannan ƙungiyoyi tare da abubuwan da ake buƙata na TVET.

=== Tarayyar Rasha ===
An gabatar da sabon tsarin ƙwarewar makarantar sakandare a cikin tsarin sake fasalin ilimi gaba ɗaya. Wannan ya jagoranci dabarun Ma'aikatar Ilimi na zamani. Vocationalization a cikin Tarayyar Rasha yana nufin gabatar da ilimin bayanan martaba a matakin sakandare (shekaru biyu na ƙarshe na makaranta, maki 10 da 11) da kuma tsarin shirye-shiryen zaɓin bayanan martaba. Ilimi na bayanan ya ba wa ɗalibai damar yin nazarin yankin da aka zaɓa a zurfi, yawanci wanda zai kasance da alaƙa da ci gaba da karatun su (TVET ko ilimi). Makarantu na iya tsara nasu bayanan martaba, misali kimiyya, zamantakewar al'umma, bil'adama, da fasaha, ko ci gaba da tsarin karatun gaba ɗaya. A shirye-shiryen ƙwarewar sakandare, an gabatar da shirin 'pre-profiling' a aji na 9 don taimakawa ɗalibai su yi zaɓin su a aji na 10.

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gudun yara</title>
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[[Fayil:Childhood Joy.jpg|thumb|Shige da ficen yara]]
[[Fayil:Children at the Sunset.jpg|thumb|wasanin yara]]
Shige da fice na yara, ko &quot;yara a cikin ƙaura ko motsi&quot; (wani lokacin &quot;yara a kan motsi&quot; ) [[motsi]] ne na mutane masu shekaru 3-18 a cikin ko a fadin iyakokin siyasa, tare da ko ba tare da iyayensu ba mai kula da doka ba, zuwa wata ƙasa ko yanki.&lt;ref&gt;https://www-bbc-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-60306853.amp?amp_gsa=1&amp;amp_js_v=a9&amp;usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&amp;aoh=17535488761995&amp;csi=1&amp;referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp;ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fhausa%2Flabarai-60306853&lt;/ref&gt; Suna iya tafiya tare da ko ba tare da Takardun tafiye-tafiye na doka ba. Za su iya isa ƙasar da aka nufa a matsayin [[Ƴan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]], [[Mai Neman Mafaka|Masu neman mafaka]], ko baƙi na tattalin arziki.

== Dalilan ƙaura ==
Dalilin da yara ke yi ƙaura ya bambanta kamar mutanen da ke ƙaura. Sun hada da dalilai na tattalin arziƙi, burin ilimi, dalilan da suka shafi jinsi ko al'ada, dalilai na mutum da kuma gaggawa, bala'o'i na halitta, tsanantawa da rikice-rikicen jin kai. Wasu yara suna barin neman mafi kyawun dama yayin da wasu ke tserewa daga tashin hankali, cin zarafi, cin zarafin ko rikici. Dalilai da yawa sau da yawa sun dace. Lokacin da iyaye suka yi ƙaura ko suka rabu, yara na iya ƙaura zuwa wani wuri ko ƙasa tare da ɗaya ko duka iyaye, ko kuma iyayensu na iya barin su a baya kuma ƙaura ta kai tsaye ta shafa su.

== Hakkin yara a cikin ƙaura da motsi ==

=== Hakkin jin daɗi ===
Hakkin jin shi ka'idar haƙƙin yara ce kamar yadda Yarjejeniyar [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] kan 'Yancin Yara ta bayyana. Dangane da Mataki na 12 na yarjejeniyar, yara suna da damar bayyana ra'ayoyinsu a duk batutuwan da suka shafi su, kuma dole ne a ba da ra'ayoyin su daidai da shekarun da balaga na yaro. Wannan haƙƙin ya shafi yadda yara ke shiga cikin al'amuran zamantakewa da siyasa da kuma shari'a da gudanarwa. A matsayin ka'ida ta gaba ɗaya, haƙƙin yaro na jin yana nuna manufar 'ofishin' na yara, kallon yara ba kawai a matsayin mutane masu rauni da ke buƙatar kariya ta musamman ba, har ma a matsayin masu yanke shawara, masu haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙi da membobin al'umma masu aiki.

Yara da yawa ba sa son raba bayanai tare da hukumomi a ƙasar da suke nufi saboda tsoron cewa bayyana bayanai bazai zama abin sha'awa ba kuma cewa ba da labarin su na iya haifar da dawowa zuwa ƙasarsu ta asali. Wataƙila mutane na uku sun umarci yara su bayyana wasu sassan labarinsu kawai, akwai yiwuwar barazana da tsoron ramuwar gayya, kuma yaron bazai amince da 'yan sanda ba kuma hukumomin yankin za su iya kare su. Tsarin karɓar baƙi wanda ke nuna girmamawa da kuma tabbatar da mutuncin yaro na iya cimma don inganta amincewa da yaro ga jami'ai da masu sana'a waɗanda ta sadu da su. Masu fassara na iya rinjayar tsarin tattara bayanai a cikin hanyoyin mafaka da bincike na laifi yayin da suke shafar yadda ake fahimtar labarin yaron da kuma fahimta. Fassarar da ba daidai ba na iya lalata bayanin yaron, wanda ke haifar da yanke shawara bisa ga bayanan da ba daidai bane. Wannan yana da alaƙa da ba kawai da abubuwan da aka fassara ba har ma da salon da zaɓin da yaron ya yi da kuma yadda masu fassara ke isar da saƙon.&lt;ref&gt;Crawley, Heaven, Working with Children and Young People Subject to Immigration Control, Guidelines for best practice, Second Edition, Immigration Law Practitioners’ Association, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Binciken da ya fi dacewa da ƙuduri ===
An bayyana mafi kyawun sha'awa a Mataki na 3 na Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Yara, wanda ya ce &quot;a duk ayyukan da suka shafi yara, ko da aka gudanar da su ta hanyar cibiyoyin jin dadin jama'a ko masu zaman kansu, kotuna, hukumomin gudanarwa ko hukumomin majalisa, mafi kyawun sha-awar yaro zai zama la'akari na farko&quot;. Binciken mafi kyawun bukatun yaro yana nufin kimantawa da daidaitawa &quot;duk abubuwan da ake buƙata don yanke shawara a cikin takamaiman yanayi ga takamaiman yaro ko ƙungiyar yara&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 14 (2013), par. 47}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hakkin yaro na samun ita ko mafi kyawun abubuwan da yake so a matsayin la'akari na farko yana nufin cewa abubuwan da ke cikin yaron suna da fifiko kuma ba kawai ɗaya daga cikin la'akari da yawa ba. Binciken takamaiman ne ga yaro a matsayin mutum, yana mai da mahimmanci don kafa dangantaka ta amincewa da yaro da kuma sadarwa yadda ya kamata a cikin yaren da yarinyar ko yaro ya fahimta. Binciken ya dace ya haɗa da ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu sana'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Children's Fund, Safe and Sound, What States can do to ensure respect for the best interests of unaccompanied and separated children in Europe, 2014.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Guidelines on Formal Determination of the Best Interests of the Child, 2006.}}&lt;/ref&gt;


A cikin shari'o'in kasa da kasa, cikakken tsarin kimantawa da ƙuduri na mafi kyawun sha'awa yana la'akari da waɗannan:

* Kafa asalin yaron da kuma asalin duk wani mutum da ke tare da shi da kuma ingancin dangantakarsu
* Binciken shari'a, gami da abubuwan da suka biyo baya:
** Jin yaron
** Binciken halin da yaron yake ciki, asali da bukatun
** Yanayin zamantakewa da kimantawa na iyali
** Tattara shaidu ciki har da jarrabawar shari'a da hira da yaro
** Haɗari da ƙididdigar tsaro
** Taswirar tushen tallafi, ƙwarewa, damar da albarkatu don karfafawa
* Ci gaba da aikin rayuwa
* Cikakken tasirin yara na duk wani yanke shawara mai yuwuwa
* Gano mafita mai dorewa
* Ci gaba da kimantawa yayin aiwatar da mafita mai ɗorewa tare da bin diddigin da ya dace, bita da saka idanu, da gyare-gyare ga shirye-shiryen mafita mai tsawo, idan kuma kamar yadda ake buƙata, bisa ga mafi kyawun bukatun yaro

A cikin ƙasar Ghana, akwai batun da aka mayar da hankali kan kwatankwacin ilimi tsakanin ɗaliban ƙaura da waɗanda ba ƙaura ba. An nuna cewa ɗaliban da ba 'yan gudun hijira ba sun sami ƙarin kulawa, sabili da haka, sun sami maki fiye da ɗaliban ƙaura. Ana buƙatar nuna ƙarin hankali ga baƙi kamar yadda aka nuna wa sauran ɗalibai. 
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Tamanja |first=Emmanuel |date=2015-11-30 |title=Child Migration and Academic Performance: The Case of Basic Education in Ghana |url=https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1103112 |journal=Journal of Education and Practice |volume=7 |issue=15 |pages=109–120}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hakkin rashin nuna bambanci: Matsayi, samun dama da iko ===
Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara ta ba da kariya mai zurfi daga nuna bambanci da kuma hakkoki masu mahimmanci da ba za a iya ba da su ba ga dukkan' yan adam. Ya tsara cewa Jihohi Jam'iyyun za su mutunta kuma su tabbatar da haƙƙoƙin da aka tsara a cikin yarjejeniyar ga kowane yaro a cikin ikonsu ba tare da nuna bambanci na kowane nau'i ba, ba tare da la'akari da launin fata ko iyayensa ko mai kula da doka ba, launi, jima'i, yare, addini, siyasa ko wani ra'ayi, ƙasa, kabilanci ko asalin zamantakewa, dukiya, nakasa, haihuwa ko wani matsayi.&lt;ref&gt;[[Convention on the Rights of the Child]] Article 2.1&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakkin da aka bayar a karkashin Yarjejeniyar ya shafi yara wadanda ba na kasa ba, ba tare da la'akari da matsayin shige da fice ba ko matsayin iyayen su. Wannan ya hada da yara masu ziyara, 'yan gudun hijira, 'ya'yan ma'aikatan ƙaura da yara marasa takardun shaida. Hakkin rashin nuna bambanci yana ba da damar kowane yaro don taimako da tallafi nan take yayin da ake tantance halin da yaron ke ciki da ita ko kuma abubuwan da ya fi so. Rashin nuna bambanci ba ya nuna cewa an ba wa yaro izinin zama na atomatik, amma ana yanke shawara bisa ga ƙudurin [[Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa|mafi kyawun sha'awa]], ko za a dawowa da yaro ko kuma ƙasar da aka nufa ta ɗauki iko akan yaron.&lt;ref&gt;European Commission, Tackling Multiple Discrimination: Practices, Policies and Laws, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, Handbook on European Non-discrimination Law, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

Yayin da suke kimanta yanayin yaron da halin da ake ciki, hukumomin jihar suna da alhakin bayyana wane jiha ke da iko a kan yaro kuma, idan an buƙata kuma ya dace, canja wuri ko kafa iko a ƙasar da aka nufa. Lokacin da iko a kan yaro wanda ba na kasa ba ya bayyana, yaron yana cikin haɗarin kasancewa a cikin yanayin rashin tabbas kuma yana iya amfana ne kawai daga ayyukan wucin gadi da matakan kariya, har sai matsayin yaron ya cika ko kuma yaron ya koma ƙasar da ke da iko. Abubuwan da suka shafi iko sun hada da:

* Za a iya samun shari'ar da ke jiran kotu inda yaron yake ciki.
* Ayyukan zamantakewa a wata ƙasa na iya sa ido kan yaron da ita ko iyalinsa.
* Yanayin yaron na iya kasancewa a karkashin binciken tilasta bin doka a wata ƙasa, gami da inda ake zargin fataucin yara.
* Yaron na iya ba da aikace-aikacen mafaka a wata ƙasa;
* Ana iya yin rajistar yaron a matsayin 'yaro da ya ɓace' a ƙasashen waje.&lt;ref&gt;Hague Conference on Private International Law, Practical Handbook on the Operation of the 1996 Child Protection Convention, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ci gaba ===
Hakkin yaro ga rayuwa, rayuwa da ci gaba ana ba da shi a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 6 na Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara. Wadannan hakkoki an amince da su ta hanyar

Jihohi kuma suna da alaƙa da rayuwa, tsaro da kiwon lafiya a matsayin wajibi ga ci gaban jiki da kuma ci gaban tunani, ruhaniya, ɗabi'a, ilimi, fahimta, motsin rai da zamantakewar al'adu na yaro. Wannan yana cikin ƙoƙari don tabbatar da matsakaicin rayuwa, girma da damar yaron.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Convention on the Rights of the Child |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CRC.aspx |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=www.ohchr.org |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Post-deportation Monitoring pp68-69&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Podeszfa, Leana and Friederike Vetter, Post-deportation Monitoring: Why, how and by whom?, University of Oxford, Refugee Study Centre, Forced Migration Review, Detention, alternatives to detention and deportation, Issue 44, September 2013, pp. 68-69, p. 68.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Between a rock and a hard place&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Refugee Council, 'Between a rock and a hard place: the dilemma facing refused asylum seekers', December 2012.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ingancin kulawa yana da tasiri kai tsaye akan ci gaban yaro. Inganta haƙƙin ci gaban yaro da buƙatu yana nufin ba ta damar girma a cikin iyalinta na asali ko a cikin madadin kulawa na iyali ko iyali, duk inda wannan yake don amfanin yaro. Shirye-shiryen kulawa da samun damar samun ingancin sabis don kiwon lafiya da ilimi suna da mahimmanci yayin tantance bukatun ci gaban yaro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Post-deportation Monitoring pp68-69&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Between a rock and a hard place&quot;/&gt;

Abubuwan da ke biyowa sun dace yayin kimanta bukatun ci gaban yaro (tare da ambaton abubuwan da suka dace a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Yara):

* Hakkin kiyaye ta ko asalinsa, gami da kasa, suna da alakar iyali (Mataki na 8);
* Ci gaba a cikin kula da yaro da girma, tare da la'akari da kabilanci, addini, al'adu da asalin harshe na yaro (Mataki na 20);
* Hakkin yaro ya ji daɗin mafi girman matakin kiwon lafiya (Mataki na 24);
* Hakkin kowane yaro ga yanayin rayuwa wanda ya dace da ci gaban jiki, tunani, ruhaniya, ɗabi'a da zamantakewa na yaro (Mataki na 27);
* Samun dama ga ilimi (Mataki na 28 da 29);
* Hakkin yaro na hutawa da hutawa, don shiga cikin wasanni da ayyukan nishaɗi da suka dace da ita ko shekarunsa (Mataki na 31).

=== Samun damar yin adalci ===

==== Yara da adalci a cikin shari'o'in kasa da kasa ====
Yara a kan tafiya wani lokacin suna shafar ko suna cikin rikici da doka, gami da rikice-rikicen iyali na kan iyaka da al'amuran alhakin iyaye da hulɗa, a matsayin masu neman mafaka ko wadanda ke fama da aikata laifuka kuma, a wasu lokuta, a matsayin yara da ke rikici da dokar game da batutuwan shige da fice ko kuma batutuwan da ba bisa ka'ida ba. Wasu yara da ke rikici da doka a zahiri wadanda ke fama da aikata laifuka. Dokar kasa da kasa da Turai suna ba da cikakkun ka'idoji da ke tsara magani, haƙƙoƙi da haƙƙin yara da ke hulɗa da shari'a, a matsayin waɗanda aka azabtar, waɗanda ake tuhuma ko masu aikata laifuka.

==== Yara da ke fama da aikata laifuka ====
Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Yara ta haramta cin zarafin yara a kowane nau'i kuma a kowane mahallin (Mataki na 19, 32-36). Duk wani yaro da ya fuskanci tashin hankali, cin zarafi ko cin zarafi za a iya la'akari da shi a matsayin wanda aka aikata laifuka kuma yana jin daɗin haƙƙoƙi da haƙƙoƙin da ke da alaƙa, gami da samun taimako, kariya da tallafi, sabis don farfadowa da farfadowar jiki, samun damar yin adalci, tare da kariya ta dace a duk wani shari'a ko tsarin gudanarwa. Ya kamata a gano yara da ke cikin haɗarin cin zarafi a matsayin masu haɗari kuma a tura su taimako da tallafi don hana cin zarafinsu ko wani lahani.

==== Yara da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma aikata laifuka ====
Wani muhimmin kariya ga yara da ke fama da aikata laifuka shine 'ma'anar rashin hukunci'. Yana nufin cewa yara da ke fama da laifuka na aikata laifuka, gami da fataucin mutane, za a kare su daga takunkumi ko gurfanar da su saboda ayyukan da suka aikata dangane da halin da suke ciki a matsayin wadanda aka azabtar. Matakin da ba na azabtarwa yana kare yara waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba ko aikata laifuka da kuma yara waɗanda aka tilasta musu shiga ƙasa ba tare da takardun tafiye-tafiye masu inganci ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations Economic and Social Council, Guidelines on Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime, Economic and Social Council Resolution 2005/20, 2005.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jagororin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Adalci a cikin Al'amuran da suka shafi Yara da Shaidu na Laifi sun jaddada cewa &quot;yara da suka sha wahala da shaidu na iya fuskantar ƙarin wahala idan aka kalli su a matsayin masu laifi lokacin da a zahiri wadanda aka azabtar da su kuma shaidu&quot;. Jagororin sun ce ya kamata a kare wadanda aka azabta daga tuhumar ba tare da la'akari da kowane nau'in 'yanci'akari da sa hannu a cikin laifi ba kuma ba tare da kula da shekarun yaron ba dangane da dokokin ƙasa da shekarun da ke bayyana shekarun aikata laifi. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da yaro wanda aka azabtar kuma a bi da shi kamar haka &quot;... ba tare da la'akari le rawar da suka taka a cikin laifin ko a cikin gurfanar da wanda ake zargi da laifin ko kungiyoyin masu laifi ba. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations Economic and Social Council, Guidelines on Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime, Economic and Social Council Resolution 2005/20, 22 July 2005, par. 7e.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan 'Yancin Dan Adam (OHCHR) Ka'idoji da Jagororin da aka ba da shawarar kan' yancin dan adam da Cinikin Dan Adam da Jagoronin [[UNICEF]] kan Kare Yara Wadanda ke fama da Cinikin sun sake jaddada haƙƙin rashin aikata laifuka musamman dangane da halin da ake ciki na wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane wadanda za a kare su daga alhakin aikata laifukan &quot;duk wani laifi wanda ya kasance sakamakon kai tsaye daga fataucin&quot;. Wannan tanadin ya kara karfafawa ta hanyar sashi na rashin hukunci na Dokar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwancin Tarayyar Turai ta 2011 da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Turai kan Ayyuka game da Cin Hancin Dan Adam, sabili da haka an sanya shi a kan Kasashe: &quot;Kowace Jam'iyya za ta, bisa ga ka'idojin ka'idoji na tsarin shari'arta, samar da yiwuwar kada a sanya hukunci ga wadanda abin ya shafa saboda shiga cikin ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba, har zuwa inda aka tilasta musu yin hakan. &quot; (Mataki na 26).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, United Nations Children's Fund, Justice in Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime, Child-Friendly Version, 2009.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, United Nations Children's Fund, Justice in Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime, Model Law and Related Commentary, 2009.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lokacin da yaro wanda ba na kasa ba ya saba wa doka kuma babu wata alama cewa an yi amfani da yaron a cikin ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba ko kuma an azabtar da shi, ka'idojin adalci na yara iri ɗaya sun shafi yara na kasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations Economic and Social Council, Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking, Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to the Economic and Social Council, E/2002/68/Add.1, 20 May 2002.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations Children's Fund, Guidelines on the Protection of Child Victims of Trafficking, UNICEF Technical Notes, 2006.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=European Council of Refugees and Exiles, Right to Justice: Quality Legal Assistance for Unaccompanied Children, Annex 1: Guiding principles for quality legal assistance for unaccompanied children, 2014.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hakkin samun taimako na kwastomomi ===
Yaran da ke waje da ƙasarsu suna da 'yancin samun taimako daga ofisoshin jakadanci da ofisoshin kwastomomi da ke wakiltar ƙasarsu. Ma'aikatan kwastam na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tallafawa da taimakawa yara a kasashen waje, kafa lambobin sadarwa na tallafi da turawa, da kuma tattara taimako. Ma'aikatan kwastam na iya tuntuɓar hukumomin tsakiya ko wuraren hulɗa na ƙasa don shawarwarin fasaha a lokuta da suka shafi yara. A karkashin Yarjejeniyar [[Vienna]] ta 1963 kan Dangantakar Kasuwanci ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ayyukan kwastomomi sun haɗa da taimakawa da taimakawa 'yan ƙasa na jihar aikawa. Wannan na iya haɗawa da matakai don kare bukatun yara waɗanda ke cikin ƙasar aikawa a cikin iyakokin da dokoki da ka'idojin Jihar karɓa suka ɗora, musamman lokacin da ake buƙatar nada mai kula.&lt;ref&gt;Vienna Convention on Consular Relations Article 5e and h&lt;/ref&gt; Dole ne hukumomin ƙasar da aka nufa su sanar da ofishin kwastam ba tare da bata lokaci ba lokacin da aka yi la'akari da nadin mai kula da yaro. Dokoki da ka'idojin Jihar karɓa game da nadin mai kula suna aiki kuma ba su da tasiri ta hanyar raba bayanai tare da ofisoshin kwastam masu dacewa.&lt;ref&gt;Vienna Convention on Consular Relations Article 37b&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shige da fice da motsi a cikin Tarayyar Turai ===
Dukkanin mutane, gami da iyaye, iyalai tare da yara da Yara marasa raka'a, suna jin daɗin 'yancin motsi a cikin yankin Turai. A cikin yankin Turai na 'yancin motsi,' yan ƙasa na Tarayyar Turai da Kasashen EFTA Iceland, [[Liechtenstein]], Norway da [[Switzerland]] suna da damar shiga da zama a wasu Kasashen membobin Tarayyar Tarayyar na tsawon watanni uku ba tare da rajista ba kuma an ba su izinin zama lokacin da za su iya nuna samun kudin shiga. Hakkin yara a matsayin baƙi marasa haɗin kai a yankin Turai na 'yancin motsi ba a bayyana su a bayyane ba kuma nauyin ma'aikata masu alaƙa ba su da tabbas. Hanyar da gwamnatocin ƙasa ke fassara da kuma tsara ka'idojin 'yancin motsi ga yara marasa matuka a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18 sun bambanta tsakanin ƙasashe.&lt;ref&gt;European Parliament and Council Directive 2004/38/EC of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gidan mafaka ===
Yarjejeniyar 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Yarjejeniyarta sun tsara haƙƙin mutane don neman kariya ta duniya. Yara suna jin daɗin kariya ta musamman kuma suna da 'yancin yin nazarin aikace-aikacen mafaka ɗai-ɗai. Dole ne a yi la'akari da takamaiman dalilan tsanantawa na yara ba tare da la'akari ba ko yaron ya yi amfani da shi shi kadai ko tare da iyaye ko mai kulawa. Kasashen membobin Tarayyar Turai sun sake tsara waɗannan ƙa'idodin don yanayin EU kuma sun karɓi jerin Dokokin da ke tsara cancanta da yanayin karɓar masu neman mafaka a cikin EU da kuma hanyoyin mafaka da batutuwan dawowa.

== Rashin ƙarfi ==
Yara a kan motsi ana kiransu 'masu rauni' kodayake ba a bayyana ma'anar kalmar ba ko bayyana ta don yanayin kariya ta yara. Sau da yawa ana fahimtar rauni a matsayin rashi kuma ana daidaita shi da rauni da buƙatar kariya. Daga tsarin da ya danganci haƙƙin yara, rauni yana nufin iyakantaccen damar da yaro ke da shi don yin amfani da ita ko haƙƙinsa kamar yadda aka ba shi a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Yara.&lt;ref name=&quot;CARDET 2013&quot;&gt;CARDET, Defence for Children International – Italy et al., IMPACT, Improving Monitoring and Protection Systems Against Child Trafficking and Exploitation, Transnational Analysis, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Refugees 2007&quot;&gt;United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Conclusion on Children at Risk, Executive Committee Conclusions, No. 107(LVIII), 5 October 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Ma'anar da ke akwai game da rauni waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin yanayin rage talauci, kiwon lafiya da abinci mai gina jiki na iya zama da amfani a cikin yanayin kariya ga yara.Wannan rauni ya kara muni ta hanyar kariya ta doka. Matasa a kan tafiyar sun fi rauni fiye da manya baƙi kuma suna fuskantar rushewa, raguwa, rashin tattalin arziki da albarkatun kayan aiki, rashin samun dama ga ayyuka na asali, da kuma karuwar haɗarin cin zarafi, tashin hankali da cin zarafi.

== Gudun hijira mai aminci ==
Wasu yara suna ƙaura da kariya da kulawa kuma wasu suna samun nasara don cimma burin da ya motsa tafiyarsu. Lokacin da ƙaura ta kasance lafiya kuma tana da nasara, yara suna da damar haɓaka jin daɗinsu, don samun damar sabis mafi inganci da kuma amfana daga ingantaccen ilimi. Hanyoyin ƙaura masu aminci na iya tallafawa yara sosai a cikin canjin su zuwa girma da rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Za su inganta damar rayuwa, gami da sauyawa zuwa manya da kasuwar aiki, tare da yanayin aiki mafi kyau, albashi mafi girma da kuma karuwar damar ba da gudummawa ga al'ummominsu da al'ummomi, a cikin ƙasashe na asali da makoma. Yara da matasa na iya tallafa wa iyalansu ta hanyar aikawa da tallafawa ci gaban al'ummomin da suka fito.&lt;ref&gt;Catholic Relief Services, Child Migration, The Detention and repatriation of unaccompanied Central American children from Mexico, Research Study, 2010, p. 3.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Inter-Agency Group on Children on the Move, Why Children Matter, Experiences and lessons learnt from interventions to protect children on the move, The High Level Dialogue on International Migration and Development 2013&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Side Event to the 46th Session of the Commission on Population and Development: “New Trends in Migration: Demographic Aspects”, 24 April 2013, p. 3.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, United Nations Children’s Fund, Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, Children and International Migration in Latin America and the Caribbean, Challenges, Newsletter on progress towards the Millennium Development Goals from a child rights perspective, Number 11, 2010, p. 2.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin yara a cikin ƙaura ==
Ga yara da suka yi ƙaura don tserewa daga yanayin rayuwa mai wahala, tashin hankali ko rikici, ƙaura na iya zama damar rage haɗari. Sauran suna fuskantar haɗari mai tsanani yayin ƙaura ko a wurin da aka nufa. Wasu kungiyoyin yara suna da saukin kamuwa da cin zarafi da cin zarafin, gami da fataucin mutane, saboda rashin ƙarfi na tsaro na zamantakewa. Hadarin da yaro ke fuskanta sau da yawa suna da alaƙa da juna kuma ana ɗaukar su a matsayin tarawa. Yaron da ya riga ya zauna a cikin mawuyacin hali, kamar talauci, cin zarafi ko barin makaranta, ana ɗaukarsa mafi rauni lokacin da ƙarin haɗari suka zo, kamar dangantakar cin zarafi o ƙaura mai haɗari.&lt;ref name=&quot;CARDET 2013&quot;&gt;CARDET, Defence for Children International – Italy et al., IMPACT, Improving Monitoring and Protection Systems Against Child Trafficking and Exploitation, Transnational Analysis, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Refugees 2007&quot;&gt;United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Conclusion on Children at Risk, Executive Committee Conclusions, No. 107(LVIII), 5 October 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;

Yara masu ƙaura da yawa suna fuskantar lahani yayin tafiya da kuma inda suke. Yara suna fuskantar tashin hankali, cin zarafi da cin zarafi a hannun mutanen da suka haɗu da su a cikin zirga-zirga da kuma inda suke, gami da ma'aikata, masu jigilar kaya, masu safarar mutane da masu fataucin mutane. Za su iya fuskantar matakai masu mahimmanci na rashin kulawa ko cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati, gami da 'yan sanda, masu tsaron iyaka, jami'an shige da fice da ma'aikata a wuraren karɓar baƙi ko tsare-tsare. Wasu 'yan gudun hijira suna mutuwa a kan tafiya daga rashin ruwa, [[rashin abinci mai gina jiki]], sufuri ko haɗarin sufuri ko nutsar da teku.&lt;ref&gt;Catholic Relief Services, Child Migration, The Detention and repatriation of unaccompanied Central American children from Mexico, Research Study, 2010, p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt;

Yanayin ƙaura mara aminci, ta hanyar yanayinsu, suna haifar da haɗari ga yara. Baya ga fuskantar ayyukan tashin hankali, yara suna cikin haɗarin yin rikici da doka idan sun yi tafiya ba tare da takardun da ake buƙata ba, idan sun shiga cikin ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba ko aikata laifuka don samun rayuwa, ko kuma idan wasu sun rinjayi su ko tilasta su yin hakan. A cikin yanayi na motsi na al'ada ko ƙaura mai zagaye, irin waɗannan yanayi na iya rinjayar jin daɗi, aminci da ci gaba sosai na yaro.&lt;ref name=&quot;CARDET 2013&quot;&gt;CARDET, Defence for Children International – Italy et al., IMPACT, Improving Monitoring and Protection Systems Against Child Trafficking and Exploitation, Transnational Analysis, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Refugees 2007&quot;&gt;United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Conclusion on Children at Risk, Executive Committee Conclusions, No. 107(LVIII), 5 October 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Amfani da shi ===
Yara a kan tafiya suna cikin haɗarin nau'o'i daban-daban na cin zarafi. Sun haɗa da cin zarafin jima'i a cikin batsa da karuwanci, masu aikata laifukan jima'i masu tafiya ta hanyar kyamarorin yanar gizo, hotunan cin zarafin yara da abubuwan da ba bisa ka'ida ba a intanet. Amfani yana faruwa ne a cikin aikin yara da aikin gida, a matsayin au-pairs, a cikin masana'antu, gine-gine, shimfida asphalt, gidajen cin abinci da masana'antun tsaftacewa, noma da karɓar 'ya'yan itace da kuma bara. Har ila yau, akwai shari'o'in kasa da kasa na auren yara da aka tilasta. Iyalai, ƙananan kungiyoyi ko manyan hanyoyin aikata laifuka na iya shirya cin zarafin yara. Ana amfani da yara a cikin ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma aikata laifuka, gami da samar da miyagun ƙwayoyi da fataucin miyagun ƙ ƙwayoyi, satar aljihu ko sata.&lt;ref&gt;United Nations Children’s Fund Innocenti Research Centre, Child Trafficking in Europe, A broad vision to put children first, Innocenti Insight, 2008, p. 12.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;United Nations Children’s Fund Innocenti Research Centre, Child Trafficking in the Nordic Countries, Rethinking strategies and national responses, A Technical Report, 2012, pp. 18-20.&lt;/ref&gt; Yara da aka yi wa fataucin mutane suna amfani da su sosai ta hanyar masu fataucin kaya don dalilai kamar bara, cin hanci da rashawa, cin hancin shaida, cin hance da rashawa.&lt;ref&gt;Europol, The THB Financial Business Model, Assessing the current state of knowledge, 2015, p. 13.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cinikin mutane ===
An bayyana fataucin yara a cikin Yarjejeniyar Cinikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 a matsayin daukar ma'aikata, sufuri, canja wuri, adanawa ko karɓar yaro don manufar cin zarafi. Duk da yake wannan ma'anar ta shafi shari'o'in kasa da kasa da / ko shari'o-tafiye da suka shafi kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka, ana gane fataucin yara a waje da waɗannan sigogi.&lt;ref name=&quot;TngManualFightTrafficking-Textbk1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=I.L.O, UNICEF, and UN.GIFT |year=2009 |title=Training Manual to Fight Child Trafficking in Children for Labour, Sexual and Other Forms of Exploitation – Textbook 1: Understanding Child Trafficking |url=http://www.unicef.org/protection/Textbook_1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903005514/http://www.unicef.org/protection/Textbook_1.pdf |archive-date=September 3, 2013 |access-date=February 9, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta fadada ma'anar don haɗawa da motsi da cin zarafi a matsayin mahimman fannoni na fataucin yara.&lt;ref name=&quot;TngManualFightTrafficking-Textbk1&quot; /&gt;

Wadanda ke fama da fataucin kasa da kasa na iya ƙetare iyakoki tare da ko ba tare da takardun tafiye-tafiye na doka ba kuma tare da ko kuma ba tare da taimakon masu safarar mutane ba. Sau da yawa ana daukar mutane cikin fataucin mutane ne kawai bayan sun haye iyakar kasa da kasa. A lokuta da yawa, fataucin mutane yana faruwa a cikin ƙasashe kuma babu ƙetare iyaka da ke ciki. Yarjejeniyar Cinikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 ta ɗauki hanyoyin fataucin mutane da yardar yaro ga kowane aikin fataucin ba shi da mahimmanci wajen gano wanda aka yi fataucin. Hanyoyin cin zarafin da zasu iya zama fataucin mutane sun hada da, &quot;aƙalla, cin zarafin karuwanci na wasu ko wasu nau'ikan cin zarafin jima'i, tilasta aiki ko ayyuka, bautar ko ayyukan da suka yi kama da bautar, bautar da kuma cire gabobin&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;UN Trafficking Protocol, Article 3&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana iya gurfanar da fataucin yara lokacin da zai yiwu a tabbatar da niyyar cin zarafin yaron, koda kuwa ba a riga an yi amfani da shi ba. Fassara daban-daban wani lokacin suna da wahala a rarrabe fataucin yara daga wasu nau'ikan cin zarafi.

==== Ma'anar fataucin yara a Turai ====
Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Turai kan Ayyuka game da Cin Hanci da Cin Hanyoyi (2005) ta karɓi ma'anar ƙasa da ƙasa, iri ɗaya a cikin kalmomi, tana jaddada duk da haka cewa za a kare wadanda abin ya shafa a lokuta inda fataucin ke faruwa a cikin ƙasashe kuma ba tare da shigar manyan kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Liste complète |url=http://www.coe.int/fr/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/197}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Umurnin Yammacin Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci na Tarayyar Turai (2011) ya fadada ra'ayin cin zarafi a cikin manufar fataucin mutane. A bayyane ya haɗa da manufar cin zarafi a cikin ayyukan aikata laifuka a matsayin wani ɓangare na ma'anar fataucin mutane. Mataki na 2.3 ya bayyana cewa &quot;'amfani da ayyukan aikata laifuka' ya kamata a fahimta a matsayin cin zarafin mutum don yin, a tsakanin sauran, satar aljihu, ɗaga shago, fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi da sauran irin waɗannan ayyukan waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin hukunci kuma suna nuna riba ta kuɗi&quot;. Umurnin ya bayyana cewa &quot;amfani da bara, gami da amfani da mutum mai dogaro da fataucin mutane don bara, ya fada cikin ma'anar fataucin a cikin mutane ne kawai lokacin da duk abubuwan tilasta aiki ko ayyuka suka faru&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The European Parliament and Council of the European Union, Directive 2011/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2011 on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2002/629/JHA, Official Journal of the European Union, Brussels, 15 April 2011, par. 11.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fitar da kayayyaki ===
Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da safarar baƙi ta ƙasa, teku da iska ta bayyana safarar mutane a matsayin &quot;sakewa, don samun, kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, fa'idar kuɗi ko wasu kayan aiki na shigar mutum ba bisa ka'ida ba a cikin Jam'iyyar Jiha wanda mutumin ba ɗan ƙasa ba ne ko mazaunin dindindin&quot;. Mai shigo da kaya yana sauƙaƙa ƙetare iyaka na wasu ba tare da takardun tafiye-tafiye da ake buƙata ba kuma don samun kuɗi ko wasu riba. Da zarar mai shigo da kaya ya sauƙaƙa ƙetare iyaka ko tabbatar da isowar baƙi a wurin da aka amince da shi, hulɗa tsakanin mai shigo da mutane da baƙi da aka shigo da su yawanci ya ƙare. Fitar da mutane a fadin iyakokin kasa da kasa na iya zama wani ɓangare na aikin fataucin mutane lokacin da aka yi shi don manufar cin zarafin mutane a ƙasar da aka nufa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime |url=https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CTOC/index.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;United Nations Protocol Against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organised Crime, Article 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Kodayake ana ɗaukar smuggling laifi ne ga jihar, mutanen da ke amfani da ayyukan smugglers na iya shan wahala ta hanyar tashin hankali yayin da ake smuggling ko kuma suna iya mutuwa saboda yanayin sufuri mara kyau.

=== Sayar da yara ===
Sayar da yara yana nufin duk wani aiki ko ma'amala inda kowane mutum ko rukuni na mutane ke tura yaro zuwa wani don biyan kuɗi ko wani la'akari. Duk da yake fataucin mutane na iya haɗawa da sayarwa da siyar da mutane, siyar da yara na iya haifar da cin zarafi amma ba lallai ba ne. Ana sayar da yara a wasu lokuta a cikin tallafi ba bisa ka'ida ba, alal misali. Ana kuma sayar da yara don cin zarafin jima'i ko aiki. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, ana iya samun haɗuwa tsakanin fataucin mutane da siyarwa a matsayin ayyukan laifi guda biyu a cikin shari'a ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, Article 2(a).&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shige da fice da ci gaba mai ɗorewa ==
Haɗin tsakanin ƙaura da ci gaba an san shi sosai. Shige da fice yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da Agenda na 2030 don Ci Gaban Ci gaba. Dangane da yanayin yawan jama'a na yanzu, yawan jama'ar kasashe masu arziki za su ci gaba da tsufa ba tare da daidaituwa ba yayin da ƙaramin ƙarni ke da yawa a kasashe masu karamin kuɗi, suna haifar da damuwa a kasuwar ma'aikata, tsaro na zamantakewa, ilimi da abinci mai gina jiki.&lt;ref&gt;United Nations, Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform, Transforming Our World – The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;

Gudun hijira na iya rage waɗannan rashin daidaituwa a bangarorin biyu. Yana da damar kara yawan ma'aikata da karfafa matasa a cikin lambobi inda ake bukata. Wannan zai haifar da karuwar gudummawa ga tsarin jin dadin jama'a a cikin ƙasashe masu samun kudin shiga da kuma rage damuwa a kan tsarin jin dadin zamantakewa a ƙasashen asali tare da matsanancin talauci da rashin aikin yi. Manufofin ƙaura da motsi ya kamata su sauƙaƙa musayar ilimi, iyawa da albarkatun ɗan adam yayin hana motsi ɗaya da ɓarkewar kwakwalwa. Idan aka gani daga wannan ra'ayi, ƙaura tana da fa'idodi masu yuwuwa don rage talauci da haɓaka ci gaban duniya mai ɗorewa.&lt;ref&gt;United Nations Children’s Fund, United Nations Population Division, University of Houston, International Migration, Children and Adolescents, Population Dynamics, October 2013, pp. 1, 4.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cortina, Jeronimo 2013, p. 2&quot;&gt;Cortina, Jeronimo, Children, Education and Migration: Win-win policy responses for co-development, QScience Proceedings, Family, Migration and Dignity Special Issue, University of Houston and United Nations Children’s Fund, Bloomsbury Qatar Foundation Journals, 2013, p. 2.&lt;/ref&gt; Haɗin tsakanin ƙaura da ci gaba suna da tasiri ga manufofi da aiki a cikin waɗannan yankuna kuma ana buƙatar daidaita matakan da suka dace a ƙasashe masu zuwa da asali.

Daga hangen nesa na haƙƙin ɗan adam da ci gaba, ƙasashen asali da makoma suna da alhakin sarrafa ƙaura. Kyakkyawan ci gaba da rage haɗarin daga ƙaura na iya haɗawa da haɓaka babban birnin ɗan adam na baƙi da saka hannun jari a cikin haɗin gwiwar kula da ƙaura tsakanin ƙasashe na asali da makoma a cikin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da siyasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cortina, Jeronimo 2013, p. 2&quot;&gt;Cortina, Jeronimo, Children, Education and Migration: Win-win policy responses for co-development, QScience Proceedings, Family, Migration and Dignity Special Issue, University of Houston and United Nations Children’s Fund, Bloomsbury Qatar Foundation Journals, 2013, p. 2.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin ƙaurawar yara ta ƙasa ==

=== Ostiraliya ===
A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, an cire yara da yawa na Aboriginal Australiya daga iyalansu kuma an sanya su a cibiyoyi da gidaje masu kula, a cikin abin da aka sani da Stolen Generations . 

Yara 130,000 sun yi ƙaura zuwa [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] a ƙarƙashin taimakon ƙaura na yara daga Burtaniya kadai, tare da ƙaramin adadi daga [[Malta]]. An karɓi yara masu ƙaura ko kuma an haife su a gidajen yara, cibiyoyi, gidajen marayu ko kulawa. Yawancin waɗannan yara an yi amfani da su a cikin aikin bayi ta majami'u a Ostiraliya. Yawancin waɗannan yara sun fuskanci sakaci da cin zarafi yayin da suke cikin kulawar ma'aikata.

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2009 Firayim Ministan Australia, Kevin Rudd ya nemi gafara ga &quot;Mutanen Australia da aka rasa&quot; da yara masu ƙaura a madadin kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;sorry&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anon |date=16 November 2009 |title=Australia 'sorry' for child abuse |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/8361389.stm |access-date=17 November 2009 |website=BBC News |publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Speech &amp;#124; Prime Minister of Australia |url=http://www.pm.gov.au/node/6321 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100405065659/http://www.pm.gov.au/node/6321 |archive-date=2010-04-05 |access-date=2010-03-11}} PMs apology&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Mutanen da aka rasa&quot; kalma ce da Majalisar Dattijan Australiya ta yi amfani da ita don bayyana yara da aka girma a gidajen marayu, gidajen yara, cibiyoyi ko kulawa a Ostiraliya. Yara masu ƙaura takamaiman rukuni ne na &quot;Mutanen da suka ɓace&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;http://guides.slv.vic.gov.au/content.php?pid=55757&amp;sid=582660 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229101829/http://guides.slv.vic.gov.au/content.php?pid=55757&amp;sid=582660 |date=2010-12-29 }} Adoption &amp; Forgotten Australians - Child Migrants&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bulgaria ===
Shige da fice na yara wani abu ne da ke da alaƙa da ƙaurawar masu kula da kasuwar Bulgarian zuwa Austria-Hungary a rabi na biyu na karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20, saboda amfani da aikin yara (yawanci yara maza) a cikin lambu na kasuwa. Ayyukan yara sun kawo manyan masu aikin lambu mafi girma tun lokacin da ba a biya yara ba amma sun yi aiki a matsayin masu koyo don kiyaye su kawai. Ƙananan yara sun taimaka a cikin lambuna kuma sun koyi ƙwarewar lambu, yayin da waɗanda suka riga sun kasance masu ƙarfi a jiki suka yi ayyukan lambu na musamman. Za'a iya rarrabe alamu daban-daban na ƙaurawar yara bisa ga tarihin rayuwa da labarun rayuwar kansu na masu lambu na kasuwa: yara da suka yi ƙaura tare da iyayensu masu lambu a kasuwa a matsayin iyali ko waɗanda suka yi lambu na kasuwar da aka haifa a ƙasashen waje; yara da suka ƙaura tare na ɗaya daga cikin iyaye (yawanci mahaifin lambu na kasuwanci) ko kuma tare da dangi na mahaifinsa mai lambu don &quot;koyi aiki&quot;; yara waɗanda suka yi ƙauka tare da iyayensa masu tasowa suna rayuwa a kasuwa a kan iyalan su, su, su suna rayuwa ta hanyar kuɗi, su bar iyalin su zama a ƙasarsu suna rayuwa a ƙasa da yara masu ƙanƙanta suna rayuwa&quot;&lt;ref&gt;http://penkapeykovska.blogspot.hu/p/blog-page_20.html Peykovska, Penka, Child Migration, Child Labor and School Attainment. Evidence from the Bulgarian Community in Hungary (Late 19th to the 1930s)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kanada ===
 
Tsarin makarantar zama na Indiyawan Kanada, wanda aka kafa a karni na 19, an yi niyya ne don tilasta daidaitawa da Mutanen Aboriginal a Kanada cikin al'ummar Turai-Kanada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alberni School Victim Speaks Out |url=http://www.firstnationsdrum.com/education/Default.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726170335/http://www.firstnationsdrum.com/education/Default.htm |archive-date=July 26, 2009 |access-date=2009-12-02 |website=First Nations Drum}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rufe makarantar zama ta ƙarshe a shekara ta 1996.  A ranar 11 ga Yuni, 2008, Firayim Minista [[Stephen Harper]] ya nemi gafara, a madadin majalisar ministocin da ke zaune, a gaban masu sauraro na wakilan Aboriginal, kuma a cikin jawabin da aka watsa a cikin kasa a kan CBC, don manufofin gwamnatocin da suka gabata na daidaitawa.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2008/06/11/aboriginal-apology.html PM cites 'sad chapter' in apology for residential schools] - cbc.ca, June 11, 2008. Retrieved 2009-12-02.&lt;/ref&gt;A shekara ta 2009, [[Benedict na Sha Shida|Paparoma Benedict na XVI]] ya nuna baƙin cikinsa game da &quot;tsananin da ya haifar da mummunar hali na wasu membobin Cocin&quot; kuma ya ba da &quot;haushi da hadin kai na addu'a&quot;.

=== Malta ===
Yara 310 sun yi hijira daga Malta zuwa Ostiraliya tsakanin 1950 da 1965 a karkashin 'Yar Shige da Fice zuwa Ostiraaliya Shirin' biyo bayan yarjejeniya tsakanin kwamitin Shige da fice na Katolika na Australiya da Ministan Shige da Shige da Fitowa da Ma'aikata a ranar 9 ga Disamba 1949. &lt;ref name=&quot;apology&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Attard |first=Elaine |title=Australian PM apologises for child abuse |url=http://www.independent.com.mt/news.asp?newsitemid=97331 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091120044207/http://www.independent.com.mt/news.asp?newsitemid=97331 |archive-date=20 November 2009 |access-date=17 November 2009 |website=The Malta Independent online |publisher=Standard Publications Ltd}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin yaran Maltese da aka aika zuwa Ostiraliya a ƙarƙashin wannan makirci sun fito ne daga gidajen marayu na gwamnati ko gidajen yara na Ikilisiya kuma an ce duk sun tafi tare da yardar iyayensu. Gwamnatin Australiya ta ba da gudummawa don maraba da yara maza na Maltese, masu shekaru tsakanin takwas zuwa 11, da 'yan mata masu shekaru tsakanin biyar zuwa 10 a cikin cibiyoyin Katolika kuma sun yi alkawarin ba su aiki karkashin kulawar hukumomin Katolika.&lt;ref name=&quot;apology&quot; /&gt; Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan yara ya zama firist kuma wasu da yawa sun fara aiki duk da cewa da yawa sun girma da rauni da sanin cewa iyayensu sun yarda da barin gida.&lt;ref name=&quot;apology&quot; /&gt; An haɗa 'yan gudun hijirar Maltese a cikin neman gafara na Firayim Minista na Australiya na 2009 ga waɗanda suka sha wahala a hannun masu kula da su a cibiyoyi, marayu da kulawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;apology&quot; /&gt;

=== Falasdinu da aka tilasta ===
A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, dubban kananan yara daga iyalan Yahudawa a Turai da ke zaune a Nazi an kai su cikin aminci a Mandatory Palestine (yanzu Isra'ila).

=== Ƙasar Ingila ===
 
Ayyukan aikawa da yara matalauta ko marayu zuwa yankunan mazauna Ingila, don taimakawa wajen rage karancin ma'aikata, ya fara ne a Ingila a cikin 1618, tare da tarawa da jigilar yara 100 zuwa mulkin mallaka na Virginia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A child migration timeline |url=http://www.goldonian.org/barnardo/child_migrationl.htm |access-date=2009-04-07 |website=The Goldonian |publisher=Goldonian Web |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307031547/http://goldonian.org/barnardo/child_migrationl.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kafin rabi na biyu na karni na ashirin, ana ganin shirin Home Children a matsayin hanyar motsa yara matalauta zuwa &quot;rayuwa mafi kyau&quot; a Ostiraliya, Kanada da sauran wurare, tare da samar da &quot;farin kaya&quot; mai kyau ga tsoffin yankuna. Ba a tuntubi yara da iyaye ba, kuma sau da yawa ana raba 'yan uwa.&lt;ref&gt;[[Child Labor]] By Sandy Hobbs, Jim McKechnie, [[Michael Lavalette]] p. 33, 34&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin jimlar an aika yara 130,000 daga Ƙasar Ingila zuwa Kanada, New Zealand, Afirka ta Kudu, Rhodesia (yanzu Zimbabwe), da Ostiraliya. Sau da yawa ana yin ƙarya ga yara game da mutuwar iyayensu kuma da yawa sun fuskanci cin zarafi a sababbin gidajensu.&lt;ref name=&quot;sorry&quot;/&gt; A watan Fabrairun 2010 Firayim Ministan Burtaniya, [[Gordon Brown]] ya ba da gafara na hukuma don shirin sake zama na yara 'mai kunya' kuma ya ba da sanarwar asusun fam miliyan 6 da aka tsara don biyan iyalan da shirin &quot;ba daidai ba&quot; ya shafa. The Child Migrants Trust tun lokacin da ya kafa Asusun Maido da Iyali don amfani da wannan kuɗin don taimakawa sake haɗuwa da tsoffin yara masu ƙaura tare da iyalansu a matsayin wani ɓangare na kunshin tallafi ga tsoffin yara da iyalinsu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anon |title=Family Restoration Fund |url=http://www.childmigrantstrust.com/services/family-restoration-fund |access-date=28 July 2013 |website=Child migrants Trust}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], an kwashe yara miliyan 3.5 daga yankunan da ke cikin haɗarin bama-bamai zuwa yankunan karkara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anon |title=Home page |url=http://www.evacuees.org.uk/ |access-date=28 April 2010 |website=The Evacuees Reunion Association.}}&lt;/ref&gt;  (Dubi Gudun fararen hula a Burtaniya a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.) 

Har ila yau, a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, kusan yara 10,000 marasa matasan daga iyalai na Yahudawa a Turai da ke zaune a Nazi an kai shi lafiya a Burtaniya.

Binciken da aka kammala a shekarar 2012 ta Cibiyar Nazarin Shige da Fice, Manufofi da Al'umma ta [[Jami'ar Oxford]] (COMPAS) karkashin jagorancin Dokta Nando Sigona ya ba da haske game da halin da yara ba su da damar zama a Ingila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-05-15 |title=No way out, no way in: Migrant children fall through the net |url=http://irregularvoices.wordpress.com/2012/05/15/no-way-out-no-way-in-migrant-children-fall-through-the-net/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Binciken, 'Babu hanyar fita, babu hanyar shiga: Yara masu ƙaura da iyalai a Burtaniya', ya kiyasta yawan yara 120,000 ba tare da matsayi ba, daga cikinsu 65,000 an haife su a Burtaniya ga iyaye ba tare da haƙƙin zama a kasar ba.

=== Amurka ===
A cikin karni na 19 akwai yunkurin motsa yara daga biranen gabas da ke cike da mutane zuwa iyalan karkara na yamma da yamma da marayu. Mafi shahara shine motsi na jirgin kasa marayu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Torigoe |first=John |date=24 December 2008 |title=He rode the 'Orphan Train' across the country |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/LIVING/wayoflife/12/24/orphan.trains/index.html |journal=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, an raba yaran 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka daga iyalansu kuma an tura su makarantun kwana don tilasta musu su shiga cikin al'adun yamma.

=== Finland ===
A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, lokacin da Finland ke yaƙi da Rasha, kimanin yara 70 000 na Finnish an kai su jirgin ƙasa da jirgin ruwa galibi zuwa [[Sweden]], amma kuma zuwa Norway da [[Denmark]]. Wadannan yara galibi ana kiransu yara na yaƙi. A ƙarshen yaƙin, dubban yara sun sami tallafi daga iyayensu &quot;sabon&quot;.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Ƙananan ba tare da wani ba
* Tsaro na yara na kasa da kasa
* Jerin dokokin kasa da kasa da na Turai game da kariya da ƙaura
* Hakkin jin
* [[Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa]]
* Cinikin yara
* Yaron Anchor
* Jirgin yara

== Haɗin waje ==

* [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/familyhistory/guide/migrantancestors/child.htm Tarihin Kasa - ƙaurawar yara]
* [http://www.childmigrantstrust.com Shafin yanar gizon Child Migrants Trust]
* [http://guides.slv.vic.gov.au/adoption Amincewa da kuma mantawa da 'yan Australia]
* [http://www.nma.gov.au/exhibitions/inside_life_in_childrens_homes_and_institutions/home ''A ciki: Rayuwa a cikin Gidajen Yara da Cibiyoyin'', Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Ostiraliya]
* [http://www.nma.gov.au/blogs/inside/ ''A ciki: Rayuwa a cikin Gidajen Yara da Cibiyoyin'' baje kolin blog, Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Ostiraliya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213033920/https://nma.gov.au/blogs/inside/ |date=2019-02-13 }}
* [http://forgottenaustralianshistory.gov.au/index.html Mutanen da aka manta da su: Tarihinmu - Gidan yanar gizon Gwamnatin Australiya wanda ya haɗa da tarihin baki, albarkatu da hotuna]
* [https://www.academia.edu/3024084/Penka_Peykovska_CHILD_MIGRATION_CHILD_LABOR_AND_SCHOOL_ATTAINMENT_EVIDENCE_FROM_THE_BULGARIAN_COMMUNITY_IN_HUNGARY_LATE_19th_CENTURY_TO_THE_1930s_ Gudun yara, aikin yara da samun ilimi]

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'''Tutu Alicante''' lauya ce [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|mai kare hakkin ɗan Adam]] kuma ita ce ta kafa kuma babbar darektar na EG Justice, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke mai da hankali kan 'yancin ɗan adam, yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, da kuma bin doka a Equatorial Guinea. Alicante kuma ita ce wacce ta kafa ƙungiyoyin sa-kai masu fafutukar tabbatar da dimokuraɗiyya da yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa Equatoguinean Commission of Lawists, Equatorial Guinea is Ours, and Open Central Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://www.wunc.org/law/2018-03-19/the-government-burned-down-his-home-he-committed-to-human-rights-meet-tutu-alicante| title =The Government Burned Down His Home, He Committed To Human Rights: Meet Tutu Alicante| date =Mar 19, 2018| website =WUNC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://africatimes.com/2022/11/27/obiang-elected-to-another-7-years-in-equatorial-guinea/| title =Obiang elected to another 7 years in Equatorial Guinea| date =Nov 27, 2022| website =Africa Times}}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://foreignpolicy.com/author/tutu-alicante/| title =Tutu Alicante| website =Foreign Policy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/10/17/equatorial-guinea-teodoro-obiang-us-foreign-policy/| title =Equatorial Guinea Is Everything Wrong With U.S. Foreign Policy| date =Oct 17, 2022| website =Foreign Policy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=guard&gt;{{cite web| url =https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/11/equatorial-guinea-human-rights-africa-dictatorship-tutu-alicante| title =Equatorial Guinea: One man's fight against dictatorship| date =Jul 11, 2014| website =The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An kuma haifi Alicante a Annobón, Equatorial Guinea. A cikin kuruciyarta ta ga irin ta’asar da gwamnati ta ɗauki nauyin yi wa kauyen ta, wanda hakan ya haifar da burinta na inganta ‘yancin ɗan Adam a cikin al’ummarta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://www.wunc.org/law/2018-03-19/the-government-burned-down-his-home-he-committed-to-human-rights-meet-tutu-alicante| title =The Government Burned Down His Home, He Committed To Human Rights: Meet Tutu Alicante| date =Mar 19, 2018| website =WUNC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://africatimes.com/2022/11/27/obiang-elected-to-another-7-years-in-equatorial-guinea/| title =Obiang elected to another 7 years in Equatorial Guinea| date =Nov 27, 2022| website =Africa Times}}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://foreignpolicy.com/author/tutu-alicante/| title =Tutu Alicante| website =Foreign Policy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/10/17/equatorial-guinea-teodoro-obiang-us-foreign-policy/| title =Equatorial Guinea Is Everything Wrong With U.S. Foreign Policy| date =Oct 17, 2022| website =Foreign Policy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=guard/&gt; Ta ci gaba da samun digiri na gaba daga Jami'ar Columbia da Jami'ar [[Tennessee]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Mar 19, 2018 |title=The Government Burned Down His Home, He Committed To Human Rights: Meet Tutu Alicante |url=https://www.wunc.org/law/2018-03-19/the-government-burned-down-his-home-he-committed-to-human-rights-meet-tutu-alicante |website=WUNC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Nov 27, 2022 |title=Obiang elected to another 7 years in Equatorial Guinea |url=https://africatimes.com/2022/11/27/obiang-elected-to-another-7-years-in-equatorial-guinea/ |website=Africa Times }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tutu Alicante |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/author/tutu-alicante/ |website=Foreign Policy}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Oct 17, 2022 |title=Equatorial Guinea Is Everything Wrong With U.S. Foreign Policy |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/10/17/equatorial-guinea-teodoro-obiang-us-foreign-policy/ |website=Foreign Policy}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;guard&quot;/&gt;

Alicante fitacciyar ƙwararriya ce kan fallasa mulkin kama-karya da cin hanci da rashawa kuma ta kasance mai yawan ba da gudummawa ga ''BBC'', ''[[Radio France Internationale|Rediyo Faransa International]]'', ''[[Muryan Amurka|Muryar Amurka]]'', ''Washington Post'', ''[[The Guardian]]'', da ''The Economist''. &lt;ref name=&quot;guard&quot;/&gt;

Alicante ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararriya mashaidi a cikin wani shari'ar &quot;Biens mal acquis&quot; da ba a taɓa gani ba a birnin [[Faris|Paris]] a kan Mataimakin Shugaban Equatoguinean, wanda ya haifar da hukunci mai laifi da kuma kwace duk wani kadarorin da aka samu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Feb 1, 2017 |title=How our incoming secretary of state helped to enrich Africa’s nastiest dictatorship |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2017/02/01/how-our-incoming-secretary-of-state-helped-to-enrich-africas-nastiest-dictatorship/ |website=Washington Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayyukan Alicante sun sanya ta a matsayin shugaban Equatoguinean, Teodoro Obiang, wanda ya ayyana ta a matsayin &quot;maci amana kuma makiyiyar jihar.&quot; Yanzu tana gudun hijira a Amurka. &lt;ref name=&quot;guard&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Nov 17, 2022 |title=Equatorial Guinea leader Obiang, 80, seeks to extend 43-year rule |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/17/equatorial-guinea-president-obiang-seeks-to-extend-43-year-rule |website=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Aug 15, 2020 |title=Equatorial Guinea's government and prime minister resign |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/ozatp-uk-equatorial-politics-idAFKCN25B0PZ-OZATP |website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Oct 31, 2011 |title=The plundering of Equatorial Guinea |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/oct/31/equatorial-guinea-corruption-us-assets |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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'''Tutu Alicante''' lauya ce [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|mai kare hakkin ɗan Adam]] kuma ita ce ta kafa kuma babbar darektar na EG Justice, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke mai da hankali kan 'yancin ɗan adam, yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, da kuma bin doka a Equatorial Guinea. Alicante kuma ita ce wacce ta kafa ƙungiyoyin sa-kai masu fafutukar tabbatar da dimokuraɗiyya da yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa Equatoguinean Commission of Lawists, Equatorial Guinea is Ours, and Open Central Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://www.wunc.org/law/2018-03-19/the-government-burned-down-his-home-he-committed-to-human-rights-meet-tutu-alicante| title =The Government Burned Down His Home, He Committed To Human Rights: Meet Tutu Alicante| date =Mar 19, 2018| website =WUNC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://africatimes.com/2022/11/27/obiang-elected-to-another-7-years-in-equatorial-guinea/| title =Obiang elected to another 7 years in Equatorial Guinea| date =Nov 27, 2022| website =Africa Times}}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://foreignpolicy.com/author/tutu-alicante/| title =Tutu Alicante| website =Foreign Policy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/10/17/equatorial-guinea-teodoro-obiang-us-foreign-policy/| title =Equatorial Guinea Is Everything Wrong With U.S. Foreign Policy| date =Oct 17, 2022| website =Foreign Policy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=guard&gt;{{cite web| url =https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/11/equatorial-guinea-human-rights-africa-dictatorship-tutu-alicante| title =Equatorial Guinea: One man's fight against dictatorship| date =Jul 11, 2014| website =The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An kuma haifi Alicante a Annobón, Equatorial Guinea. A cikin kuruciyarta ta ga irin ta’asar da gwamnati ta ɗauki nauyin yi wa ƙauyen  ta, wanda hakan ya haifar da burinta na inganta ‘yancin ɗan Adam a cikin al’ummarta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://www.wunc.org/law/2018-03-19/the-government-burned-down-his-home-he-committed-to-human-rights-meet-tutu-alicante| title =The Government Burned Down His Home, He Committed To Human Rights: Meet Tutu Alicante| date =Mar 19, 2018| website =WUNC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://africatimes.com/2022/11/27/obiang-elected-to-another-7-years-in-equatorial-guinea/| title =Obiang elected to another 7 years in Equatorial Guinea| date =Nov 27, 2022| website =Africa Times}}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://foreignpolicy.com/author/tutu-alicante/| title =Tutu Alicante| website =Foreign Policy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/10/17/equatorial-guinea-teodoro-obiang-us-foreign-policy/| title =Equatorial Guinea Is Everything Wrong With U.S. Foreign Policy| date =Oct 17, 2022| website =Foreign Policy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=guard/&gt; Ta ci gaba da samun digiri na gaba daga Jami'ar Columbia da Jami'ar [[Tennessee]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Mar 19, 2018 |title=The Government Burned Down His Home, He Committed To Human Rights: Meet Tutu Alicante |url=https://www.wunc.org/law/2018-03-19/the-government-burned-down-his-home-he-committed-to-human-rights-meet-tutu-alicante |website=WUNC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Nov 27, 2022 |title=Obiang elected to another 7 years in Equatorial Guinea |url=https://africatimes.com/2022/11/27/obiang-elected-to-another-7-years-in-equatorial-guinea/ |website=Africa Times }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tutu Alicante |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/author/tutu-alicante/ |website=Foreign Policy}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Oct 17, 2022 |title=Equatorial Guinea Is Everything Wrong With U.S. Foreign Policy |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/10/17/equatorial-guinea-teodoro-obiang-us-foreign-policy/ |website=Foreign Policy}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;guard&quot;/&gt;

Alicante fitacciyar ƙwararriya ce kan fallasa mulkin kama-karya da cin hanci da rashawa kuma ta kasance mai yawan ba da gudummawa ga ''BBC'', ''[[Radio France Internationale|Rediyo Faransa International]]'', ''[[Muryan Amurka|Muryar Amurka]]'', ''Washington Post'', ''[[The Guardian]]'', da ''The Economist''. &lt;ref name=&quot;guard&quot;/&gt;

Alicante ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararriya mashaidi a cikin wani shari'ar &quot;Biens mal acquis&quot; da ba a taɓa gani ba a birnin [[Faris|Paris]] a kan Mataimakin Shugaban Equatoguinean, wanda ya haifar da hukunci mai laifi da kuma kwace duk wani kadarorin da aka samu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Feb 1, 2017 |title=How our incoming secretary of state helped to enrich Africa’s nastiest dictatorship |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2017/02/01/how-our-incoming-secretary-of-state-helped-to-enrich-africas-nastiest-dictatorship/ |website=Washington Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayyukan Alicante sun sanya ta a matsayin shugaban Equatoguinean, Teodoro Obiang, wanda ya ayyana ta a matsayin &quot;maci amana kuma makiyiyar jihar.&quot; Yanzu tana gudun hijira a Amurka. &lt;ref name=&quot;guard&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Nov 17, 2022 |title=Equatorial Guinea leader Obiang, 80, seeks to extend 43-year rule |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/17/equatorial-guinea-president-obiang-seeks-to-extend-43-year-rule |website=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Aug 15, 2020 |title=Equatorial Guinea's government and prime minister resign |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/ozatp-uk-equatorial-politics-idAFKCN25B0PZ-OZATP |website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Oct 31, 2011 |title=The plundering of Equatorial Guinea |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/oct/31/equatorial-guinea-corruption-us-assets |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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'''Tutu Alicante''' lauya ce [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|mai kare hakkin ɗan Adam]] kuma ita ce ta kafa kuma babbar darektar na EG Justice, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke mai da hankali kan 'yancin ɗan adam, yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, da kuma bin doka a Equatorial Guinea. Alicante kuma ita ce wacce ta kafa ƙungiyoyin sa-kai masu fafutukar tabbatar da dimokuraɗiyya da yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa Equatoguinean Commission of Lawists, Equatorial Guinea is Ours, and Open Central Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://www.wunc.org/law/2018-03-19/the-government-burned-down-his-home-he-committed-to-human-rights-meet-tutu-alicante| title =The Government Burned Down His Home, He Committed To Human Rights: Meet Tutu Alicante| date =Mar 19, 2018| website =WUNC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://africatimes.com/2022/11/27/obiang-elected-to-another-7-years-in-equatorial-guinea/| title =Obiang elected to another 7 years in Equatorial Guinea| date =Nov 27, 2022| website =Africa Times}}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://foreignpolicy.com/author/tutu-alicante/| title =Tutu Alicante| website =Foreign Policy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/10/17/equatorial-guinea-teodoro-obiang-us-foreign-policy/| title =Equatorial Guinea Is Everything Wrong With U.S. Foreign Policy| date =Oct 17, 2022| website =Foreign Policy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=guard&gt;{{cite web| url =https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/11/equatorial-guinea-human-rights-africa-dictatorship-tutu-alicante| title =Equatorial Guinea: One man's fight against dictatorship| date =Jul 11, 2014| website =The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An kuma haifi Alicante a Annobón, Equatorial Guinea. A cikin kuruciyarta ta ga irin ta’asar da gwamnati ta ɗauki nauyin yi wa ƙauyen  ta, wanda hakan ya haifar da burinta na inganta ƴancin ɗan Adam a cikin al’ummarta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://www.wunc.org/law/2018-03-19/the-government-burned-down-his-home-he-committed-to-human-rights-meet-tutu-alicante| title =The Government Burned Down His Home, He Committed To Human Rights: Meet Tutu Alicante| date =Mar 19, 2018| website =WUNC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://africatimes.com/2022/11/27/obiang-elected-to-another-7-years-in-equatorial-guinea/| title =Obiang elected to another 7 years in Equatorial Guinea| date =Nov 27, 2022| website =Africa Times}}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://foreignpolicy.com/author/tutu-alicante/| title =Tutu Alicante| website =Foreign Policy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/10/17/equatorial-guinea-teodoro-obiang-us-foreign-policy/| title =Equatorial Guinea Is Everything Wrong With U.S. Foreign Policy| date =Oct 17, 2022| website =Foreign Policy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=guard/&gt; Ta ci gaba da samun digiri na gaba daga Jami'ar Columbia da Jami'ar [[Tennessee]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Mar 19, 2018 |title=The Government Burned Down His Home, He Committed To Human Rights: Meet Tutu Alicante |url=https://www.wunc.org/law/2018-03-19/the-government-burned-down-his-home-he-committed-to-human-rights-meet-tutu-alicante |website=WUNC}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Nov 27, 2022 |title=Obiang elected to another 7 years in Equatorial Guinea |url=https://africatimes.com/2022/11/27/obiang-elected-to-another-7-years-in-equatorial-guinea/ |website=Africa Times }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tutu Alicante |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/author/tutu-alicante/ |website=Foreign Policy}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Oct 17, 2022 |title=Equatorial Guinea Is Everything Wrong With U.S. Foreign Policy |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/10/17/equatorial-guinea-teodoro-obiang-us-foreign-policy/ |website=Foreign Policy}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;guard&quot;/&gt;

Alicante fitacciyar ƙwararriya ce kan fallasa mulkin kama-karya da cin hanci da rashawa kuma ta kasance mai yawan ba da gudummawa ga ''BBC'', ''[[Radio France Internationale|Rediyo Faransa International]]'', ''[[Muryan Amurka|Muryar Amurka]]'', ''Washington Post'', ''[[The Guardian]]'', da ''The Economist''. &lt;ref name=&quot;guard&quot;/&gt;

Alicante ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararriya mashaidi a cikin wani shari'ar &quot;Biens mal acquis&quot; da ba a taɓa gani ba a birnin [[Faris|Paris]] a kan Mataimakin Shugaban Equatoguinean, wanda ya haifar da hukunci mai laifi da kuma kwace duk wani kadarorin da aka samu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Feb 1, 2017 |title=How our incoming secretary of state helped to enrich Africa’s nastiest dictatorship |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2017/02/01/how-our-incoming-secretary-of-state-helped-to-enrich-africas-nastiest-dictatorship/ |website=Washington Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayyukan Alicante sun sanya ta a matsayin shugaban Equatoguinean, Teodoro Obiang, wanda ya ayyana ta a matsayin &quot;maci amana kuma makiyiyar jihar.&quot; Yanzu tana gudun hijira a Amurka. &lt;ref name=&quot;guard&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Nov 17, 2022 |title=Equatorial Guinea leader Obiang, 80, seeks to extend 43-year rule |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/17/equatorial-guinea-president-obiang-seeks-to-extend-43-year-rule |website=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Aug 15, 2020 |title=Equatorial Guinea's government and prime minister resign |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/ozatp-uk-equatorial-politics-idAFKCN25B0PZ-OZATP |website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Oct 31, 2011 |title=The plundering of Equatorial Guinea |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/oct/31/equatorial-guinea-corruption-us-assets |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Zaben gwamna na Jihar Jigawa na 1999</title>
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'''Zaben gwamna na Jihar Jigawa na shekarar 1999''' ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairu, shekara ta 1999. Ɗan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]] [[Ibrahim Saminu Turaki]] ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da ɗan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Ibrahim Saminu Turaki]] ya fito ne a matsayin dan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana zaɓar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Jigawa|Gwamnan Jihar Jigawa]] ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

== Zaɓen fidda gwani ==

=== APP na farko ===
[[Ibrahim Saminu Turaki]] ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na APP . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,568,423. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 540,764 yayin da adadin kuri'un inganci ya kasance 540,000764. Kayan kuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 0.

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cibiyar Sadarwa ta Wassila.</title>
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'''Cibiyar sadarwa ta Wassila''' (French:réseau Wassila) ko Kuma '''l'Association contre les violences faites aux femmes et aux enfants ko Avife''' (Hadin gwiwar yaki da tashin hankali da aka yi wa mata da yara). Cibiyar sadarwa ce ta kungiyoyin 'yan ƙasar Aljeriya da cibiyoyin da ke kare haƙƙin mata, wanda aka kafa a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2000. {{Stub}} 

==Manazarta==

The Wassila network was created in October 2000, near the end of the [[Algerian Civil War]], a context within which women's rights were under attack both practically and legally.&lt;ref name=&quot;NQF_reseauWassila&quot; /&gt; The network is named after a girl called Wassila who was adopted and abandoned and became a single mother.&lt;ref name=&quot;ElWatan_monde_de_brutes&quot; /&gt;

In 2011, the network included 28 citizens' associations and institutions.&lt;ref name=&quot;ElWatan_monde_de_brutes&quot; /&gt; Member groups in 2013 included [[SOS Children's Villages]], Atustep, [[Ourida Chouaki|Tharwa Fadhma n’Soumer]], the ''Association pour l'émancipation des femmes'', Sarp, Amusnaw, Djazaïrouna, medical and mental health professionals, lawyers and human rights activists.&lt;ref name=&quot;LibAlg&quot; /&gt;
  
==Aims==
The Wassila network aims to obtain equal rights for women both in the legal system and in fighting against rape and other violence against women, including &quot;massive marital violence&quot;. The network also handles sexual abuse of children. According to the Wassila network, 80% of its documented cases concern violence within the home.&lt;ref name=&quot;NQF_reseauWassila&quot; /&gt;

==Actions==
The Wassila network published a &quot;White paper of testimonies&quot; of women victims of violence. According to the network, immolation, torture and murder became commonplace against Algerian women.&lt;ref name=&quot;NQF_reseauWassila&quot; /&gt;

The network has three branches of action: developing practical help for victims (including a telephone support helpline and legal aid),&lt;ref name=&quot;ElWatan_monde_de_brutes&quot; /&gt; training of medical, legal and media personnel, and legal approaches (include criminal law against sexual violence).&lt;ref name=&quot;NQF_reseauWassila&quot; /&gt;

The network received between 800 and 2000 calls for help on its telephone helpline during 2011–2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;LibAlg&quot; /&gt;

The Wassila network published a statement following the &quot;punitive expedition&quot; attacks on women workers in [[Hassi Messaoud]], known for the 2001 [[Hassi Messaoud mob attacks against women]]. The network stated that neither local nor national authorities protected the women from a systematic pattern of violence.&lt;ref name=&quot;RFI_resWassila_HassiMessaoud&quot; /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Polyana Viana</title>
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'''Polyana Viana Mota''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Polyana Viana (&quot;Dama de Ferro&quot;) {{!}} MMA Fighter Page |url=https://www.tapology.com/fightcenter/fighters/85751-polyana-mota-poly |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=Tapology |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; (an haife ta a ranar 14 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1992) ƙwararren yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Brazil wanda a halin yanzu ke fafatawa a rukunin mata na Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).

== Tarihi ==
Mahaifiyarta ce kawai ta yi renonta, Viana ta girma a São Geraldo do Araguaia, wani karamin gari a yankin Pará na Brazil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fernanda Prates |date=February 9, 2018 |title=UFC's Polyana Viana might've quit fighting if not for Facebook message exchange |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2018/02/ufc-polyana-viana-almost-gave-up-fighting-facebook-exchange-alex-davis |website=[[MMAjunkie.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta fara horar da jiu-jitsu na Brazil a shekarar 2013 kuma ta fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a ƙarshen 2013. 

== Ayyukan zane-zane na mixed ==

=== Gasar Gwagwarmaya ta Ƙarshe ===
Viana ta fara UFC a UFC Fight Night: Machida vs. Anders a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2018 a kan Maia Stevenson . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 December 2017 |title=Valentina estreia no peso mosca contra Priscila Pedrita no UFC Belém |url=http://www.superlutas.com.br/noticias/75932/valentina-estreia-no-peso-mosca-contra-priscila-pedrita-no-ufc-belem/ |access-date=2017-12-12 |website=Super Lutas |language=pt-BR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta lashe yakin ta hanyar tsirara a baya a zagaye na farko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Morgan |first=John |date=3 February 2018 |title=UFC Fight Night 125 results: Polyana Viana shines in debut, taps out Maia Stevenson in first |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2018/02/ufc-fight-night-125-results-polyana-viana-taps-out-maia-stevenson |access-date=13 August 2019 |website=[[MMAjunkie.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2018 an sanar da cewa Viana za ta yi yaƙi da JJ Aldrich a UFC 227 a watan Agusta. Viana za ta rasa yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya yayin da Aldrich ta fitar da ita mafi yawan yakin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Morgan |first=John |date=4 August 2018 |title=UFC 227 results: J.J. Aldrich uses crisp boxing to outpoint Polyana Viana |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2018/08/ufc-227-results-j-j-aldrich-uses-crisp-boxing-to-outpoint-polyana-viana |access-date=13 August 2019 |website=[[MMAjunkie.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga bisani ta dauki Hannah Cifers a UFC 235, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 January 2019 |title=After stopping would-be mugger, Polyana Viana meets Hannah Cifers at UFC 235 |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2019/01/polyana-viana-meets-hannah-cifers-ufc-235-mugging-brazil |access-date=13 August 2019 |website=[[MMAjunkie.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; gwagwarmayar da ta ci gaba da rasa ta hanyar yanke shawara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Morgan |first=John |date=2 March 2019 |title=UFC 235 results: Hannah Cifers outstrikes Polyana Viana, takes split call |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2019/03/ufc-235-results-hannah-cifers-outstrikes-polyana-viana-split-decision-las-vegas |access-date=13 August 2019 |website=[[MMAjunkie.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Viana ta dauki Veronica Macedo a UFC Fight Night: Shevchenko vs. Carmouche 2. Da farko an shirya wasan ne tsakanin Macedo da Rachael Ostovich, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Damon Martin |date=2019-06-14 |title=Tecia Torres vs. Marina Rodriguez among 7 fights announced for UFC card in Uruguay |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2019/6/14/18679241/tecia-torres-vs-marina-rodriguez-among-7-fights-announced-for-ufc-card-in-uruguay |access-date=2019-07-30 |publisher=mmafighting}}&lt;/ref&gt; duk da haka a ranar 29 ga Yuli an sanar da cewa Viana za ta maye gurbin Ostovich saboda wani dalili da ba a bayyana ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;MacedoVViana&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Guilherme Cruz |date=2019-07-29 |title=Rachael Ostovich, Laureano Staropoli and Rafael Fiziev out of UFC Uruguay |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2019/7/29/20746280/rachael-ostovich-laureano-staropoli-rafael-fiziev-out-ufc-uruguay |access-date=2019-07-30 |publisher=mmafighting.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamar yadda ake tsammani, yaƙin ya faru ne a ƙasa, amma abin mamaki Macedo ya gabatar da Viana ta hanyar armbar, gabatarwar Viana kanta ta gama yaƙe-yaƙe 6 tare da ita a cikin aikinta, tun daga Mayu 2022. Sakamakon shi ne nasarar farko ta Macedo ta UFC kuma a karo na farko a cikin aikin Viana an taɓa gabatar da ita a cikin fada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ravens |first=Andrew |date=10 August 2019 |title=UFC Uruguay Highlights: Veronica Macedo Taps Polyana Viana |url=https://www.mmanews.com/ufc-uruguay-highlights-veronica-macedo-taps-polyana-viana/ |access-date=13 August 2019 |publisher=MMA News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An shirya Viana don fuskantar Emily Whitmire a ranar 8 ga Maris, 2020, a UFC 248. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=DNA |first=MMA |date=28 December 2019 |title=Emily Whitmire treft Polyana Viana tijdens UFC 248 in Las Vegas |url=https://mmadna.nl/emily-whitmire-treft-polyana-viana-tijdens-ufc-248-in-las-vegas/ |access-date=2019-12-29 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ma'auni, Whitmire ya auna a 117.5 fam, 1.5 fam a kan iyakar gwagwarmayar da ba ta da lakabi na 116. An ci tarar ta kashi 20% na jakarta kuma ana sa ran gwagwarmayarta da Viana za ta ci gaba kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin nauyin kamawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nolan King |date=2020-03-06 |title=UFC 248 weigh-in results: champions, challengers hit marks; one undercard fighter misses |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2020/03/ufc-248-israel-adesanya-yoel-romero-zhang-weili-joanna-jedrzejczyk-weigh-in-results-live-video-stream |access-date=2020-03-06 |publisher=mmajunkie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya, an kwantar da Whitmire a asibiti a ranar da aka gudanar da taron kuma an soke yakin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=MMA Weekly Staff |date=2020-03-07 |title=UFC 248 preliminary bout scratched last minute due to medical concerns |url=https://www.yahoo.com/sports/ufc-248-preliminary-bout-scratched-194153259.html |access-date=2020-03-07 |publisher=yahoo.com }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake tsara su a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta, 2020, a UFC Fight Night 175 a cikin wani tsalle-tsalle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=DNA |first=MMA |date=9 July 2020 |title=Tweede poging voor Emily Whitmire vs. Polyana Viana, ditmaal in de Flyweight divisie |url=https://mmadna.nl/tweede-poging-voor-emily-whitmire-vs-polyana-viana-ditmaal-in-de-flyweight-divisie/ |access-date=2020-07-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Viana ta lashe yakin ta hanyar mika wuya a zagaye na farko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=2020-08-29 |title=UFC Vegas 8 Results: Polyana Viana Secures Quick Submission Against Emily Whitmire |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2020/08/29/ufc-vegas-8-results-emily-whitmire-vs-polyana-viana/ |access-date=2020-08-30 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Viana ta fuskanci [[Mallory Martin]] a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 2021, a UFC 258. &lt;ref name=&quot;Viana v Mallory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=2020-11-24 |title=Mallory Martin vs. Polyana Viana targeted for Feb. 13 UFC event |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2020/10/15/21517421/mallory-martin-polyana-viana-targeted-feb-13-ufc-event-mma |access-date=2020-11-24 |publisher=mmafighting}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta lashe yakin ta hanyar armbar a zagaye na farko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vreeland |first=Daniel |date=2021-02-13 |title=UFC 258 Results: Polyana Viana Jumps Guard, Taps Mallory Martin |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2021/02/13/ufc-258-results-polyana-viana-jumps-guard-taps-mallory-martin/ |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan nasarar ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Performance of the Night . &lt;ref name=&quot;UFC 258&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-02-14 |title=UFC 258 Bonuses: Usman Among Fighters To Nab Performance Checks |url=https://www.mmanews.com/2021/02/ufc-258-bonuses-usman-among-fighters-to-nab-performance-checks/ |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=MMA News |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214080124/https://www.mmanews.com/2021/02/ufc-258-bonuses-usman-among-fighters-to-nab-performance-checks/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Viana ta fuskanci [[Tabatha Ricci]] a ranar 21 ga Mayu, 2022 a UFC Fight Night 206 . &lt;ref name=&quot;Polyana Viana vs. Tabatha Ricci&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Behunin |first=Alex |date=2022-02-08 |title=Tabatha Ricci vs. Polyana Viana Set For May 21 UFC Event |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2022/02/08/tabatha-ricci-vs-polyana-viana-set-may-21-ufc-event/ |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta rasa yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=2022-05-21 |title=UFC Vegas 55: Tabatha Ricci Takes Polyana Viana the Distance, Wins Decision |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2022/05/21/ufc-vegas-55-tabatha-ricci-vs-polyana-vianna/ |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Viana ta fuskanci Jinh Yu Frey a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 2022 a UFC Fight Night 214. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Harvey Leonard |date=2022-08-14 |title=Polyana Viana vs. Jinh Yu Frey – UFC Fight Night (November 5) |url=https://www.mmanews.com/2022/08/ufc-matchmaking-bulletin-8-8-8-13-garbrandt-has-return-set/ |access-date=2022-08-16 |publisher=mmanews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta lashe yakin ta hanyar knockout a zagaye na farko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dan Doherty |date=2022-11-05 |title=UFC Vegas 64: Polyana Viana Silences Jinh Yu Frey in Under 60 Seconds |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2022/11/05/ufc-vegas-64-polyana-viana-vs-jinh-yu-frey/ |access-date=2022-11-05 |publisher=Cageside Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan nasarar ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Performance of the Night . &lt;ref name=&quot;UFN214&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=2022-11-05 |title=UFC Fight Night 214 bonuses: Neil Magny's historic finish earns $50,000 |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/lists/ufc-fight-night-214-bonuses-neil-magnys-historic-finish-among-four-winners |access-date=2022-11-05 |publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An shirya Viana don fuskantar [[Emily Ducote]] a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 2023, a UFC a kan ESPN 45. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Diego Ribas, em Las Vegas |date=2023-02-27 |title=UFC encaminha Polyana Viana vs Emily Ducote para card de abril |url=https://agfight.com/ufc/ufc-encaminha-polyana-viana-vs-emily-ducote-para-card-de-abril/ |access-date=2023-03-06 |publisher=agfight.com}} {{In lang|pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, an sake tsara wasan don UFC Fight Night 223 a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 2023. &lt;ref name=&quot;Changes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nolan King |date=2023-04-25 |title=UFC Fight Night 223 hit with three changes in days leading up to fight card |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/lists/ufc-fight-night-223-fight-card-changes-ducote-viana-levy-rodriguez-quinlan-waters-loosa |access-date=2023-04-25 |publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hakazalika, Viana ta janye daga wasan saboda dalilin da ba a bayyana ba kuma tsohuwar LFA Women's Strawweight Champion Lupita Godinez ta maye gurbin ta a nauyin nauyin kilo 120.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jay Anderson |date=2023-05-08 |title=Loopy Godinez replaces Polyana Viana against Emily Ducote at UFC Vegas 73 |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2023/05/08/loopy-godinez-replaces-polyana-viana-emily-ducote-ufc-vegas-73/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |publisher=cagesidepress.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Viana ta fuskanci Iasmin Lucindo a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, 2023, a UFC a kan ESPN 51. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cruz |first=Guilherme |date=2023-06-02 |title=Brazilian strawweights Polyana Viana, Iasmin Lucindo agree to fight at Aug. 12 UFC Vegas show |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2023/6/2/23746726/brazilian-strawweights-polyana-viana-iasmin-lucindo-agree-to-fight-at-aug-12-ufc-vegas-show |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta rasa yakin ta hanyar makamai masu kusurwa a zagaye na biyu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=2023-08-12 |title=UFC Vegas 78: Iasmin Lucindo Subs Fellow Brazilian Polyana Viana with Arm-Triangle |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2023/08/12/ufc-vegas-78-polyana-viana-vs-iasmin-lucindo/ |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An shirya Viana don fuskantar Cory McKenna a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2024 a UFC Fight Night 244. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nolan King |date=2024-08-01 |title=UFC books Brandon Royval vs. Tatsuro Taira to headline October event |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2024/08/ufc-news-brandon-royval-vs-tatsuro-taira-booked-main-event |access-date=2024-08-01 |publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, Viana ta janye daga yakin saboda dalilan da ba a sani ba kuma Julia Polastri ta maye gurbin ta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Polastri&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=BBC Sport |date=2024-09-27 |title=McKenna has new Brazilian opponent for UFC return |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/mixed-martial-arts/articles/cly414nv9jko |access-date=2024-09-27 |publisher=bbc.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Viana tana da ɗa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Erin Laviola |date=January 8, 2019 |title=Polyana Viana: 5 Fast Facts You Need To Know |url=https://heavy.com/news/2019/01/polyana-viana/ |website=[[Heavy.com]] |access-date=October 16, 2024 |archive-date=November 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112034106/https://heavy.com/news/2019/01/polyana-viana/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Janairun 2019, wani mutum ya yi ƙoƙari ya sace Viana ta amfani da bindiga ta karya yayin da take jira a waje da gidanta. Viana ta buge mutumin kuma ta mallake shi har sai 'yan sanda suka iso.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Church |first=Ben |date=10 January 2019 |title='I knew how to defend myself,' says UFC star Polyana Viana after subduing wannabe thief |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/10/sport/polyana-viana-ufc-dana-white-brazil-thief-mma-spt-intl/index.html |access-date=13 August 2019 |publisher=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 January 2019 |title=Polyana Viana: Why you should never pick on a UFC fighter |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/08/sport/ufc-polyana-viana-brazil-octagon-mma-dana-white-spt-intl/index.html |access-date=13 August 2019 |publisher=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt; Viana ba ta fuskanci tuhuma ba yayin da hukumomi suka yanke hukuncin cewa kare kanta ne.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jesse |date=9 January 2018 |title=Mugger slugger Polyana Viana debunks rumor that Brazilian prosecutors want her arrested for assault |url=https://www.mmamania.com/2019/1/9/18175385/ufc-polyana-viana-debunks-rumor-brazilian-prosecutors-want-her-arrested-assault-mma |access-date=13 August 2019 |website=MMA Mania}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gasar zakarun Turai da nasarorin da aka samu ==

* '''Gasar Gwagwarmaya ta Ƙarshe'''
** Ayyukan Dare (sau biyu) vs. Mallory Martin, da Jinh Yu Frey &lt;ref name=&quot;UFC 258&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;UFN214&quot;/&gt;
** An buga ([[Tatiana Suarez]], Mackenzie Dern &amp; Zhang Weili) don na huɗu mafi yawan kammalawa a tarihin UFC Women's Strawweight division (4) &lt;ref name=&quot;ufwwsw&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=UFC |date=August 6, 2023 |title=UFC Fighter Stats - Women's Strawweight |url=http://statleaders.ufc.com/?fighter_status=0&amp;weight_class=WSW |publisher=UFC}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** An ɗaure (Rose Namajunas, Cynthia Calvillo &amp; [[Tatiana Suarez]]) don na biyu mafi yawan abubuwan da aka gabatar a tarihin UFC Women's Strawweight division (3) &lt;ref name=&quot;ufwwsw&quot; /&gt;
** An buga (Cynthia Calvillo) don ƙoƙarin gabatar da shi na biyu a tarihin UFC Women's Strawweight division (9) &lt;ref name=&quot;ufwwsw&quot; /&gt;
* '''Yakin daji'''
** Jungle Fight Strawweight Championship (Wata lokaci) 
*** Ɗaya daga cikin nasarar kare taken

== Rubuce-rubucen zane-zane ==
'''Polyana Viana Mota''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; (an haife ta a ranar 14 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1992) ƙwararren yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Brazil wanda a halin yanzu ke fafatawa a rukunin mata na Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).{{MMA record start}}
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|align=center|13–7
|[[Gillian Robertson]]
|TKO (punches)
|[[UFC 297]]
|{{dts|2024|January|20}}
|align=center|2
|align=center|3:12
|[[Toronto, Ontario]], Canada
|
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|align=center|13–6
|Iasmin Lucindo
|Submission (arm-triangle choke)
|[[UFC on ESPN: Luque vs. dos Anjos]]
|{{dts|2023|August|12}}
|align=center|2
|align=center|3:42
|[[Las Vegas, Nevada]], United States
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center|13–5
|[[Jinh Yu Frey]]
|KO (punches)
|[[UFC Fight Night: Rodriguez vs. Lemos]]
|{{dts|2022|November|05}}
|align=center|1
|align=center|0:47
|[[Las Vegas, Nevada]], United States
|{{Small|Performance of the Night.}}
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|align=center|12–5
|[[Tabatha Ricci]]
|Decision (unanimous)
|[[UFC Fight Night: Holm vs. Vieira]]
|{{dts|2022|May|21}}
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|[[Las Vegas, Nevada]], United States
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center|12–4
|[[Mallory Martin]]
|Submission (armbar)
|[[UFC 258]]
|{{dts|2021|February|13}}
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:18
|[[Las Vegas, Nevada]], United States
|{{Small|Performance of the Night.}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center|11–4
|[[Emily Whitmire]]
|Submission (armbar)
|[[UFC Fight Night: Smith vs. Rakić]]
|{{dts|2020|August|29}}
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:53
|[[Las Vegas, Nevada]], United States
|
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|align=center| 10–4
|[[Veronica Macedo]]
|Submission (armbar)
|[[UFC Fight Night: Shevchenko vs. Carmouche 2]] 
|{{dts|2019|August|10}}
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:09
|[[Montevideo]], Uruguay
|{{Small|Flyweight bout.}}
|-
| {{no2}}Loss
| align=center| 10–3
| [[Hannah Cifers]]
| Decision (split)
| [[UFC 235]]
| {{dts|2019|March|2}}
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| [[Las Vegas, Nevada]], United States
| 
|-
| {{no2}}Loss
| align=center| 10–2
| [[JJ Aldrich]]
| Decision (unanimous)
| [[UFC 227]]
| {{dts|2018|August|4}}
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| [[Los Angeles, California]], United States
| 
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 10–1
| Maia Stevenson
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
|[[UFC Fight Night: Machida vs. Anders]]
| {{dts|2018|February|3}}
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:50
| [[Belém]], Brazil
| 
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 9–1
| Pamela Rosa 
| Submission (armbar)
| Watch Out Combat Show 47
| {{dts|2017|October|7}}
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:56
| [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
| 
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 8–1
| Débora Dias Nascimento
| Submission (armbar)
| Jungle Fight 87
| {{dts|2016|May|21}}
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:23
| [[São Paulo]], Brazil
|{{Small|Defended the Jungle Fight Strawweight Championship.}}
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 7–1
| [[Amanda Ribas]]
| KO (punches)
| Jungle Fight 83
| {{dts|2015|November|28}}
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:54
| [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
|{{Small|Won the vacant Jungle Fight Strawweight Championship.}}
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 6–1
| Karol Pereira Silva Cerqueira
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| Jungle Fight 81
| {{dts|2015|September|12}}
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:24
| [[Palmas, Tocantins|Palmas]], Brazil
|{{Small|Return to Strawweight.}}
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 5–1
| Giselle Campos
| Submission (armbar)
| Maraba Combat-1.0
| {{dts|2015|July|18}}
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:31
| [[Marabá, Pará|Marabá]], Brazil
|{{Small|Flyweight bout.}}
|-
| {{no2}}Loss
| align=center| 4–1
| Aline Sattelmayer
| Decision (unanimous)
| Real Fight 12
| {{dts|2014|December|14}}
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| [[São José dos Campos]], Brazil
|{{Small|Strawweight bout.}}
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 4–0
| Débora Silva
| TKO (punches)
| Talento Uruará Fight
| {{dts|2014|June|7}}
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:09
| [[Uruará]], Brazil
|
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 3–0
| Thais Santana
| TKO (punches)
| Araguatins Fight Night MMA
| {{dts|2014|April|12}}
| align=center| ?
| align=center| NA
| [[Araguatins]], Brazil
|
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 2–0
| Mirelle Oliveira do Nascimento
| Submission (armbar)
| Piaui Fight MMA 2
| {{dts|2014|February|8}}
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 1:20
| [[Teresina]], Brazil
|
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 1–0
| Silvana Pinto
| TKO (doctor stoppage)
| Demolidor Extreme Combat 3
| {{dts|2013|December|14}}
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:48
| [[Marabá, Pará|Marabá]], Brazil
|
|-
{{End}}

== manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Viana, Polyanna}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>0vrd7oc1hassdd43i71woqsyxboxgf7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Makarantar Polytechnic ta Tarayya, Kaltungo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>88043</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893611</id>
      <parentid>705503</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T11:22:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Escanor247</username>
        <id>47754</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>893611</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6101" sha1="6ao6fxexjvjj0060hiqao894wrd37kk" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Makarantar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Kaltungo''' babbar jami'a ce mallakin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya dake a garin [[Kaltungo]], karamar hukumar a [[Gombe (jiha)|jihar Gombe]], arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]] kuma daya daga cikin sabbin makarantu guda takwas (8) da aka kafa a [[Najeriya]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-04-09 |title=FG Appoints Governing Councils, Officers For New Polytechnics, Colleges |url=https://leadership.ng/fg-appoints-governing-councils-officers-for-new-polytechnics-colleges/ |access-date=2022-03-20 |language=en-GB |archive-date=2022-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320002455/https://leadership.ng/fg-appoints-governing-councils-officers-for-new-polytechnics-colleges/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
'''Federal Polytechnic, Kaltungo''' an kafa shi ne tare da Dokar Kafa Fasaha ta Tarayya ta 2019 kuma a halin yanzu tana gudanar da ayyukanta na ilimi a wurin tashi a harabar Makarantar Model da ke Kaltungo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=Law Nigeria |date=17 December 2019 |title=FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC KALTUNGO, GOMBE STATE (ESTABLISHMENT) ACT, 2019 |url=https://lawnigeria.com/2019/12/federal-polytechnic-kaltungo-gombe-state-establishment-act-2019/ |access-date=2022-03-27 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sai dai al’ummar sun ware ninki biyu na fili mai fadin hekta 100, maimakon kadada 50 na fili da gwamnati ta bukaci a ba su na dindindin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-09-16 |title=Inuwa lauds FG over commencement of Federal Polytechnic, Kaltungo |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/09/inuwa-lauds-fg-over-commencement-of-federal-polytechnic-kaltungo/ |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics {{!}} Dailytrust |url=https://dailytrust.com/ |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=Daily Trust |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Faculty/Makarantu ==

=== A. Makarantar Injiniya ===
I. Diploma na kasa a Fasahar Injiniyan Lantarki da Lantarki:

II. Diploma na kasa a [[Kwamfuta injiniyarin|Fasahar Injiniyan]] Kwamfuta,

=== B. Makarantar Kimiyya da Fasaha ===
III. Diploma na ƙasa a Fasahar Laboratory Science:

IV. Diploma na kasa a fannin Computer Science ,

V. Diploma na kasa a kididdiga ,

VI. Diploma na ƙasa a cikin nishaɗi da Gudanar da yawon shakatawa;

=== C. Makarantar Nazarin Gudanarwa ===
VII. Diploma na kasa a fannin Accountancy

VIII. Diploma na kasa a fannin Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Kasuwanci;

IX. Diploma na kasa a fannin Gudanar da Jama'a .

=== D. Makarantar Nazarin Gabaɗaya ===
X Difloma ta kasa a cikin Gudanar da Laifuka da Sarrafa laifuka

XI. Diploma na kasa a fannin Laburare da Kimiyyar Watsa Labarai . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-11-22 |title=Federal Polytechnic, Kaltungo Courses and Requirements |url=https://samphina.com.ng/complete-list-courses-offered-federal-polytechnic-kaltungo/ |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=Samphina Academy |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Majalisar gudanarwa ==
A ranar 11 ga watan Junairu, 2022, gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta hannun ministan ilimi, [[Adamu Adamu]], ta sanar da kaddamar da majalisar gudanarwar sabbin makarantun firamare guda takwas da shugaban kasa, Manjo Janar [[Muhammadu Buhari]] (mai ritaya) ya jagoranta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-10 |title=FG to inaugurate poly, colleges' governing councils |url=https://punchng.com/fg-to-inaugurate-poly-colleges-governing-councils/ |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''A ƙasa akwai jerin majalissar gudanarwa ta polytechnic''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Mr. L. Micah Kamat cna. (Shugaba) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-04-08 |title=FG appoints governing councils, officers for new polytechnics, colleges |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/fg-appoints-governing-councils-officers-for-new-polytechnics-colleges/ |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dr Lydia Umar (Member)

Abdul Maizabi (Member)

Mr Jide Akinleye (Member)

Labour M. Lele (Mamba)

== Manyan jami'ai ==
Shugaban makarantar shine Dr Muhammad Suleiman Lame wanda ya samu mukamin bayan zama shugaban makarantar Abubakar Tatari Alli polytechnic da ke jihar [[Bauchi (birni)|Bauchi]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-06-15 |title=Gombe Governor Receives Principal Officers Of Federal Polytechnic Kaltungo |url=https://aljazirahnews.com/gombe-governor-receives-principal-officers-of-federal-polytechnic-kaltungo/ |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=aljazirahnews |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605052854/https://aljazirahnews.com/gombe-governor-receives-principal-officers-of-federal-polytechnic-kaltungo/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-06-16 |title=Gombe pledges support, synergy for smooth take-off of FedPoly, Kaltungo |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/gombe-pledges-support-synergy-for-smooth-take-off-of-fedpoly-kaltungo/ |access-date=2022-04-09 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Mafarin ilimi'''

Dr Suleiman ya yi makarantar firamare ta Lame daga nan ya wuce makarantar sakandaren gwamnati ta Darazo. Ya yi digirinsa na farko, Masters da PhD a [[Jami'ar Bayero]], [[Jami'ar Jos|Unijos]] da Jami'ar Tunn [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] bi da bi.

== Tsarin shiga ==
HAn sanya alamar yanke yanke jamb ga masu nema a 160 da sama kamar yadda a bara tare da post Utme 50% ma'ana cewa duk wanda ya ci 50/100 ana ɗaukarsa don shiga.

An samo alamar yanke ƙarshen shiga ta ƙarshe daga maki o'level, jamb da maki post-utme waɗanda duk sun dogara da adadin shiga kowane sashe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-09-30 |title=FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC KALTUNGO Cut Off Mark 2021/2022 {{!}} FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC KALTUNGO JAMB Cut Off Mark, FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC KALTUNGO Post UTME Cut Off Mark &amp; FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC KALTUNGO Departmental Cut Off Marks |url=https://infoguidenigeria.com/federal-polytechnic-kaltungo-cut-off-mark/ |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=InfoGuideNigeria.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
[[Rukuni:Makarantun Fasaha na Tarayya a Nijeriya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Stephen Macht</title>
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'''Stephen Robert Macht''' (haihuwa: 1 ga Mayu 1942) dan wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin da kuma fim na Amurka.
==Tarihin rayuwa==
An haifi Macht a Philadelphia dake jahar Pennsylvania, iyayenshi yahudawa ne, mahaifiyarta Janette, mahaifinshi kuma Jerome Irving Macht. {{Stub}}

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Haifaffun 1942]]
[[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]]
Spotted by a [[Universal Pictures|Universal Studios]] talent scout while performing at the [[Stratford Shakespeare Festival]] in Canada in 1975, Macht was signed to a contract and by the mid-1970s had left teaching and was making frequent appearances in TV episodes and movies.

In ''[[Raid on Entebbe (film)|Raid on Entebbe]]'' (1977), he portrayed [[Yonatan Netanyahu|Yoni Netanyahu]], the Israeli officer killed in the [[Operation Entebbe|rescue of hostages in Uganda]]. In 1978, he had a lead role in ''[[The Immigrants]]'', a syndicated miniseries about the rise of the son of Italian immigrants in turn-of-the-century San Francisco and, also in 1978, the role of German boxing champion [[Max Schmeling]] alongside [[Bernie Casey]]'s [[Joe Louis]] in NBC's made-for-TV movie ''Ring of Passion''.

After his appearance in the television movie ''American Dream'' (ABC, 1981) he was cast in a short-lived series which cast Macht in the role of a family man who chucks the suburban life to set up home in the inner city of Chicago. The following season, he landed the role of Joe Cooper, brother of Karen MacKenzie ([[Michele Lee]]), on ''[[Knots Landing]]'' (CBS, 1982–83). Other notable roles included playing [[Nancy McKeon]]'s father in ''[[Strange Voices]]'' (NBC, 1987). He was [[Benedict Arnold]] in the miniseries ''[[George Washington (TV miniseries)|George Washington]]'' (1984) and played one of the survivors of an air crash in ''[[Flight 90: Disaster on the Potomac]]'' (NBC, 1984). He spent three seasons (1985–88) as David Keeler, love interest to Cagney ([[Sharon Gless]]), on ''[[Cagney &amp; Lacey]]'' (CBS). During his run on the show, he moved behind the cameras to make his directorial debut. In 1993, Macht played Krim Aldos in &quot;[[The Siege (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)|The Siege]]&quot;, an early Season 2 episode of ''[[Star Trek: Deep Space Nine]]''.&lt;ref&gt;[http://ds9encyclopedia.0catch.com/ds9chron.htm DS9 Chronicles at ds9encyclopedia.com]. Retrieved April 24, 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; Macht had been [[Gene Roddenberry]]'s first choice to play Captain [[Jean-Luc Picard]] in ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'', but the role eventually went to [[Patrick Stewart]] in 1986.

Later credits have included playing an Austrian Jew who must be baptized along with his wife and daughter in order to escape the Nazis in ''[[A Friendship in Vienna]]'' (1988 The Disney Channel); a doctor helping [[Jane Seymour (actress)|Jane Seymour]] in the syndicated miniseries ''Sidney Sheldon's Memories of Midnight'' (1991), and as cult member [[Joan Van Ark]]'s suffering husband in ''[[Moment of Truth: A Mother's Deception]]'' (1994 NBC). Macht appeared in the 1995 third season ''[[Babylon 5]]'' episode &quot;[[A Day in the Strife]]&quot;  as the character 'Na'Far'. Na'Far was the new official Narn representative, replacing [[G'Kar]], after the Centauri's invasion of the [[Narn]] homeworld.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.midwinter.com/lurk/guide/047.html Stephen Macht] at [[The Lurker's Guide to Babylon 5]]&lt;!-- formats as list item: {{Lurker|047}} --&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; In 1996 he did a six-month stint on the ABC daytime drama ''[[One Life to Live]]'' as Elliot Durban. From August 24, 2007, to February 13, 2009,  he portrayed [[Trevor Lansing]], attorney of organized crime boss Anthony Zacchara and father of attorney [[Ric Lansing]], in the [[soap opera]] ''[[General Hospital]]'' for which ''[[Soap Opera Digest]]'' nominated him Best Villain of 2007. In 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2019, Macht guest starred opposite his son, actor [[Gabriel Macht]], in ''[[Suits (U.S. TV series)|Suits]]''.

Macht's work in feature films has included ''[[The Choirboys (film)|The Choirboys]]'' (1977).  He also had roles in: ''[[Nightwing (film)|Nightwing]]'' (1979), ''[[The Mountain Men]]'' (1980), ''[[Galaxina]]'' (1980), ''[[The Last Winter (1984 film)|The Last Winter]]'' (1984), ''[[The Monster Squad]]'' (1987), ''[[Graveyard Shift (1990 film)|Stephen King's Graveyard Shift]]'' (1990), ''[[Amityville: It's About Time]]'' (1992), ''[[The Adventures of Galgameth|The Legend of Galgameth]]'' (1996), and ''[[Watchers Reborn]]'' (1998). Macht has also played Dr. Harris in three installments of the ''[[Trancers]]'' series of films.</text>
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'''Stephen Robert Macht''' (haihuwa: 1 ga Mayu 1942) dan wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin da kuma fim na Amurka.
==Tarihin rayuwa==
An haifi Macht a Philadelphia dake jahar Pennsylvania, iyayenshi yahudawa ne, mahaifiyarta Janette, mahaifinshi kuma Jerome Irving Macht. {{Stub}}

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Haifaffun 1942]]
[[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]]
Spotted by a [[Universal Pictures|Universal Studios]] talent scout while performing at the [[Stratford Shakespeare Festival]] in Canada in 1975, Macht was signed to a contract and by the mid-1970s had left teaching and was making frequent appearances in TV episodes and movies.

In ''[[Raid on Entebbe (film)|Raid on Entebbe]]'' (1977), he portrayed [[Yonatan Netanyahu|Yoni Netanyahu]], the Israeli officer killed in the [[Operation Entebbe|rescue of hostages in Uganda]]. In 1978, he had a lead role in ''[[The Immigrants]]'', a syndicated miniseries about the rise of the son of Italian immigrants in turn-of-the-century San Francisco and, also in 1978, the role of German boxing champion [[Max Schmeling]] alongside [[Bernie Casey]]'s [[Joe Louis]] in NBC's made-for-TV movie ''Ring of Passion''.

After his appearance in the television movie ''American Dream'' (ABC, 1981) he was cast in a short-lived series which cast Macht in the role of a family man who chucks the suburban life to set up home in the inner city of Chicago. The following season, he landed the role of Joe Cooper, brother of Karen MacKenzie ([[Michele Lee]]), on ''[[Knots Landing]]'' (CBS, 1982–83). Other notable roles included playing [[Nancy McKeon]]'s father in ''[[Strange Voices]]'' (NBC, 1987). He was [[Benedict Arnold]] in the miniseries ''[[George Washington (TV miniseries)|George Washington]]'' (1984) and played one of the survivors of an air crash in ''[[Flight 90: Disaster on the Potomac]]'' (NBC, 1984). He spent three seasons (1985–88) as David Keeler, love interest to Cagney ([[Sharon Gless]]), on ''[[Cagney &amp; Lacey]]'' (CBS). During his run on the show, he moved behind the cameras to make his directorial debut. In 1993, Macht played Krim Aldos in &quot;[[The Siege (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)|The Siege]]&quot;, an early Season 2 episode of ''[[Star Trek: Deep Space Nine]]''.&lt;ref&gt;[http://ds9encyclopedia.0catch.com/ds9chron.htm DS9 Chronicles at ds9encyclopedia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313190016/http://ds9encyclopedia.0catch.com/ds9chron.htm |date=2012-03-13 }}. Retrieved April 24, 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; Macht had been [[Gene Roddenberry]]'s first choice to play Captain [[Jean-Luc Picard]] in ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'', but the role eventually went to [[Patrick Stewart]] in 1986.

Later credits have included playing an Austrian Jew who must be baptized along with his wife and daughter in order to escape the Nazis in ''[[A Friendship in Vienna]]'' (1988 The Disney Channel); a doctor helping [[Jane Seymour (actress)|Jane Seymour]] in the syndicated miniseries ''Sidney Sheldon's Memories of Midnight'' (1991), and as cult member [[Joan Van Ark]]'s suffering husband in ''[[Moment of Truth: A Mother's Deception]]'' (1994 NBC). Macht appeared in the 1995 third season ''[[Babylon 5]]'' episode &quot;[[A Day in the Strife]]&quot;  as the character 'Na'Far'. Na'Far was the new official Narn representative, replacing [[G'Kar]], after the Centauri's invasion of the [[Narn]] homeworld.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.midwinter.com/lurk/guide/047.html Stephen Macht] at [[The Lurker's Guide to Babylon 5]]&lt;!-- formats as list item: {{Lurker|047}} --&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; In 1996 he did a six-month stint on the ABC daytime drama ''[[One Life to Live]]'' as Elliot Durban. From August 24, 2007, to February 13, 2009,  he portrayed [[Trevor Lansing]], attorney of organized crime boss Anthony Zacchara and father of attorney [[Ric Lansing]], in the [[soap opera]] ''[[General Hospital]]'' for which ''[[Soap Opera Digest]]'' nominated him Best Villain of 2007. In 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2019, Macht guest starred opposite his son, actor [[Gabriel Macht]], in ''[[Suits (U.S. TV series)|Suits]]''.

Macht's work in feature films has included ''[[The Choirboys (film)|The Choirboys]]'' (1977).  He also had roles in: ''[[Nightwing (film)|Nightwing]]'' (1979), ''[[The Mountain Men]]'' (1980), ''[[Galaxina]]'' (1980), ''[[The Last Winter (1984 film)|The Last Winter]]'' (1984), ''[[The Monster Squad]]'' (1987), ''[[Graveyard Shift (1990 film)|Stephen King's Graveyard Shift]]'' (1990), ''[[Amityville: It's About Time]]'' (1992), ''[[The Adventures of Galgameth|The Legend of Galgameth]]'' (1996), and ''[[Watchers Reborn]]'' (1998). Macht has also played Dr. Harris in three installments of the ''[[Trancers]]'' series of films.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rivan Nurmulki</title>
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'''Rivan Nurmulki''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1995) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Indonesia . Shi memba ne na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta ƙasar Indonesia .

== Farkon rayuwar mutum ==
An haifi Rivan a Jambi a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 1995. Ya fara buga wasan volleyball yana da shekara 17.

A cikin 2020, Rivan ya auri Aprilia Indah Puspitasari . Suna da 'yar daya tare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Terlalu Banyak Wanita, Atlet Voli Rivan Nurmulki Lupa Awal Mula Ketemu dengan Istri |url=https://m.merdeka.com/trending/terlalu-banyak-wanita-atlet-voli-rivan-nurmulki-lupa-awal-mula-ketemu-dengan-istri.html?page=3 |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=Merdeka.com |language=id |archive-date=17 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117130230/https://m.merdeka.com/trending/terlalu-banyak-wanita-atlet-voli-rivan-nurmulki-lupa-awal-mula-ketemu-dengan-istri.html?page=3 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
A shekara ta 2013, Rivan ya shiga kulob dinsa na farko, Surabaya Samator . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Get To Know Indonesia's Rivan Nurmulki |url=https://www.fivb.com/en/media/news_pressrelease/get-to-know-indonesia%E2%80%99s-rivan-nurmulki?id=90915 |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=[[Fédération Internationale de Volleyball|FIVB]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ravianto |first=Ravianto |date=5 May 2013 |title=Samator Akhirnya Juara Ketiga Proliga |url=https://www.tribunnews.com/sport/2013/05/05/samator-akhirnya-juara-ketiga-proliga |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=[[Tribun Network]] |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2019, ya taka leda tare da kulob din Thai Nakhon Ratchasima The Mall . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wiratama |first=Doddy |date=25 March 2019 |title=Media Asing Puji 2 Bintang Voli Indonesia yang Main Moncer di Thailand |url=https://www.bolasport.com/read/311676805/media-asing-puji-2-bintang-voli-indonesia-yang-main-moncer-di-thailand |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=BolaSport.com |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2020, ya taka leda tare da kungiyar V.League Division 1 ta VC Nagano Tridents . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Primus |first=Josephus |date=21 September 2021 |title=Andalan Timnas Voli Indonesia Perpanjang Kontrak di Liga Jepang |url=https://www.kompas.com/sports/read/2021/09/21/21104548/andalan-timnas-voli-indonesia-perpanjang-kontrak-di-liga-jepang |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=[[Kompas]] |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya shiga tawagar kasa a shekarar 2015, ya shiga gasar zakarun Asiya ta 2017, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 August 2017 |title=Jepang Juara Voli Putra Asia, Indonesia Peringkat Keempat |url=https://www.jpnn.com/news/jepang-juara-voli-putra-asia-indonesia-peringkat-keempat |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=jpnn.com |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasannin Asiya na 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ikhsan |first=Harley |date=14 August 2018 |title=Daftar Pemain Timnas Voli Indonesia di Asian Games 2018 |url=https://www.liputan6.com/asian-games/read/3619132/daftar-pemain-timnas-voli-indonesia-di-asian-games-2018 |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=[[Liputan 6]] |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kungiyoyi ==

* [[Surabaya Bhayangkara Samator|Surabaya Samator]] (2013-2016) {{Flagicon|INA}}
* [[Surabaya Bhayangkara Samator]] (2017-2019) {{Flagicon|INA}}
* [[Nakhon Ratchasima Men's Volleyball Club|Nakhon Ratchasima Mall]] (2019) {{Flagicon|THA}}
* [[VC Nagano Tridents]] (2020-2022) {{Flagicon|JPN}}
* [[Surabaya Bhayangkara Samator|Surabaya BIN Samator]] (2023) {{Flagicon|INA}}
* Jakarta STIN BIN (2024) {{Flagicon|INA}}
* [[Wolfdogs Nagoya]] (2024-) {{Flagicon|JPN}}

== Kyaututtuka ==

=== Kyaututtuka na mutum ===

* ''2016 Proliga na maza na Indonesia - &quot;Mafi kyawun ɗan wasa&quot;''
* ''2016 Proliga na maza na Indonesia - &quot;Mafi kyawun mai tsalle-tsalle&quot;''
* ''Gasar Volleyball ta Asiya ta 2017 - &quot;Mafi kyawun mai tsalle-tsalle&quot;''
* ''2018 Proliga na maza na Indonesia - &quot;Mafi kyawun dan wasa&quot;''
* ''2018 LienVietPostBank Cup - &quot;Mafi kyawun dan wasa&quot;''
* ''2019 Thai-Denmark Super League - &quot;Mafi kyawun dan wasa&quot;''
* ''2023 Proliga na maza na Indonesiya - &quot;Mafi kyawun mai zira kwallaye&quot;''

=== Kungiyoyi ===

* 2014 Proliga na maza na Indonesia - Champion, tare da Surabaya Samator[[Fayil:Simple_cup_icon.svg|16x16px]]
* 2015 Proliga na maza na Indonesia - Wanda ya zo na biyu, tare da Surabaya Samator[[Fayil:Simple_silver_cup.svg|16x16px]]
* 2016 Proliga na maza na Indonesia - Champion, tare da Surabaya Samator[[Fayil:Simple_cup_icon.svg|16x16px]]
* 2018 Proliga na maza na Indonesia - Champion, tare da Surabaya Bhayangkara Samator[[Fayil:Simple_cup_icon.svg|16x16px]]
* 2019 Proliga na maza na Indonesia - Champion, tare da Surabaya Bhayangkara Samator[[Fayil:Simple_cup_icon.svg|16x16px]]
* 2019 Thai-Denmark Super League - Champion, tare da Nakhon Ratchasima The Mall[[Fayil:Simple_cup_icon.svg|16x16px]]Nakhon Ratchasima Mall

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://&amp;#x3C;i&amp;#x20;id= Volleybox.net/rivan-nurmulki-p6992/clubs&quot; id=&quot;mwzQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow&quot;&gt;Bayanan mai kunnawa]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} a Volleybox.net
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]]</text>
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Ta'ziyanyana nufin ta'aziyya, ta'aziyya, ko bayyana baƙin ciki. Ya zo daga tushen aza (عزو da عزى) wanda ke nufin bakin ciki. Yawanci yana nufin wasan kwaikwayo na sha'awa game da yakin Karbala da abubuwan da suka faru a baya da kuma wadanda suka biyo baya. Sir Lewis Pelly ya fara gabatar da muqalar littafinsa game da Ta’ziyeh yana mai cewa “Idan za a auna nasarar wasan kwaikwayo ta hanyar tasirin da yake haifarwa ga mutanen da aka yi ta, ko kuma a kan masu sauraren da aka wakilta a gabansu., babu wani wasan kwaikwayo da ya wuce irin bala'in da aka sa'ani a duniyar Mussulman kamar na Hasan da Husaini .&quot; [1] Bayan shekaru Peter Chelkowski, farfesa a ilimin Iran da Islama a Jami'ar New York, ya zaɓi kalmomi iri ɗaya don farkon littafinsa Ta`ziyeh, Ritual and Drama in Iran. [2]

Dangane da yanki, lokaci, lokaci, addini, da sauransu. kalmar na iya nuna ma'anoni da ayyuka daban-daban na al'adu:

* A cikin ma'anar al'adun Iran an kasafta shi azaman '''wasan kwaikwayo na Ta'aziyya''' ko '''Wasan Soyayya''' wanda aka yi wahayi daga wani al'amari na tarihi da na addini, mumunan mutuwar Hussein, wanda ke nuni da ruhi da juriya.
* A Kudancin Asiya da yankin [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]] ana magana ne musamman ga '''Kauyukan Kaburbura''' (kwaikwayo na kabarbare na Karbala, wanda gaba daya an yi shi da takarda kala-kala da bamboo) da ake amfani da su wajen muzaharar al'ada da ake yi a watan Muharram.

Ta'zieh, wanda aka fi sani da al'adar Iran, wata al'ada ce [[Shi'a|ta Musulunci ta Shi'a]] wacce ta sake nuna mutuwar Hussaini (jikan Annabi Muhammad) da 'ya'yansa maza da sahabbansa a wani mummunan kisa a filin Karbala na kasar Iraki a shekara ta 680. AD Mutuwarsa ta samo asali ne sakamakon gwagwarmayar iko a shawarar da aka yi na kula da al'ummar musulmi (wanda ake kira [[Khalifofi|halifa]] ) bayan mutuwar Muhammadu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

A yau mun san guda 250 ta'aziya. Wani jakadan Italiya a Iran Cherulli ne ya tattara su kuma ya kara da su cikin tarin da ake iya samu a dakin karatu na Vatican. An fassara rubutun wasan kwaikwayo na Ta'zieh daga Farisa zuwa Faransanci, ta Aleksander Chodźko, dan asalin Poland, zuwa Ukrainian ta Ahatanhel Krymsky, dan asalin Ukrainian, kuma zuwa Jamus ta Davud Monshizadeh, dan Oriental na Iran. Ana iya samun wasu rubuce-rubuce daban-daban a warwatse ko'ina cikin Iran. [1]

== Asalin ==
[[Fayil:Shi'a_Muslims_Mourning_Before_Ta'ziya_(CBL_In_69.18).jpg|left|thumb| Musulman Shi'a suna Makokin Ta'aziya &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shi'a Muslims Mourning Before a Ta'ziya |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/shi-a-muslims-mourning-before-a-ta-ziya/OQEL4UbIWDjV6Q |access-date=2021-11-30 |website=Google Arts &amp; Culture |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ta'zieh a matsayin nau'in wasan sha'awa nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in asali ne wanda ake la'akari da shi azaman tsarin wasan kwaikwayo na Iran wanda ke da tasiri sosai a cikin ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo na Iran. Ya samo asali ne daga wasu shahararrun tatsuniyoyi da al'adu irin su Mithraism, Sug-e-Siavush (Makoki don Siavush) da Yadegar-e-Zariran ko Tunawa da Zarir. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Alizadeh |first=Farideh |last2=Hashim |first2=Mohd Nasir |date=2016 |title=When the attraction of Ta'ziyeh is diminished, the community should inevitably find a suitable replacement for it |journal=Cogent Arts &amp; Humanities |volume=3 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/23311983.2016.1190482 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Al'adar ta'zieh ta samo asali ne a Iran a karshen karni na 17. Makoki na Siavosh kamar yadda ya zo a cikin adabi, wata alama ce ta dukkan fitattun halayenmu na Shabihkhani na Musulunci. &quot;Wasu sun yarda cewa bala'in Iman Hossein kamar yadda aka kwatanta a Taziah shine wasan kwaikwayo na gaba na almara na Siavosh&quot; 

Akwai rassa biyu na Islama; Sunni da Shi'i. Sunnis sun kai kimanin 85-90% na Musulmai, amma al'adar ta'zieh ta Musulmai Shia ce ke yi a watan farko na kalandar Musulmi, Muharram, ɗaya daga cikin watanni huɗu masu tsarki na kalandar Islama. Ana yin ta'zieh a kowace shekara a ranar 10 ga Muharram, ranar da ta kasance mai muhimmanci a tarihi ga Musulmai Shia saboda wannan shine ranar kisan Hussein. Kowace shekara ana ba da labarin iri ɗaya, don haka masu kallo sun san labarin sosai kuma sun san abin da za su yi tsammani. Koyaya, wannan ba ya shafar matakan masu sauraro.

Babban imani ga al'ummar musulmi shi ne cewa babu wani abu da mutane na yau da kullun suka halicce su da zai fi yadda Allah ya halicce shi, don haka duk sauran halittu an dauke su a matsayin wulakanci. Saboda wannan, babu lissafi da yawa-a gani ko akasin haka- na wannan al'adar addini. A lokacin al’adar yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa duk ‘yan kallo sun san ‘yan wasan ba sa wulakanta Allah, don haka galibi ‘yan wasan kwaikwayo na da rubutunsu a kan dandamali tare da su don haka a fili yake cewa ba wai suna kokarin nuna wani mutum ne da Allah bai halitta ba.  Daga karshe mahukunta a kasar Iran sun hana gudanar da wannan ibadar saboda ana amfani da wannan al'ada don ci gaban siyasa. Ba a yin Ta'zieh akai-akai a Iran kuma ba a ganin komai a wasu lardunan yankin tun shekara ta 1920. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Caron |first=Nelly |date=1975 |title=The Ta'Zieh, the Secret Theatre of Iran |journal=The World of Music |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=3–10 |jstor=43620726}}&lt;/ref&gt; Faransa ita ce kasa ta farko da ba musulmi ba da aka yi ta'aziya a shekarar 1991. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ana ganin al'adar a garuruwan da ba na Iran ba kamar Avignon da Paris a Faransa, Parma da Rome a Italiya, da birnin New York. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 15, 2009 |title=TA'ZIA |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tazia |access-date=September 18, 2017 |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== A cikin al'adun Iran ==
A al'adar Iran tana nufin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ta'aziyya da Naqqali waɗanda nau'ikan [[Gidan wasan kwaikwayo|wasan kwaikwayo]] ne [[Iran|na Farisa]] na gargajiya waɗanda ake gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo gaba ɗaya ko kuma gaba ɗaya ta hanyar kiɗa da waƙa. Ya samo asali ne tun kafin zamanin Musulunci kuma musibar Saiawush a Shahnameh na daya daga cikin mafi kyawun misali.

Yayin da a Yamma manyan nau'ikan wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu sun kasance [[Barkwanci|masu ban dariya]] da ban tsoro, a Iran, ta'zieh da alama ita ce mafi girman nau'in. Ana ɗaukar wasan opera ta Iran, tazieh tana kama da wasan [[opera]] na Turai ta fuskoki da dama. 

Dadadden al'adar ta'zieh a Iran ta yi tasiri a fina-finan Iran da kade-kade na kade-kade na Iran. [[Abbas Kiarostami]], fitaccen mai shirya fina-finai, ya gudanar da jerin wasannin ta'zieh kai tsaye guda uku a Roma a cikin 2002. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chelkowski |first=Peter J. |date=2005 |title=Time Out of Memory: Taʿziyeh, the Total Drama |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4488675 |journal=TDR |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=15–27 |doi=10.1162/105420405774763050 |issn=1054-2043 |jstor=4488675 |s2cid=57568526}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marshall |first=Lee |date=2003-07-14 |title=Feature: Abbas Kiarostami's theatre debut |url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2003/jul/14/theatre.artsfeatures |access-date=2022-01-29 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kiarostami ya kuma yi wani shirin fim mai suna, &quot;A Look to Ta'zieh&quot; inda ya yi nazari kan dangantakar masu sauraro da wannan sigar wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;/link&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2022)&quot;&gt;yaushe?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Daraktan fim, Nasser Taghvaee shi ma ya yi wani shirin fim mai taken, &quot;Tamrin e Akhar&quot;. &lt;/link&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2022)&quot;&gt;yaushe?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; A cikin 2001, [[Parviz Jahed]] ya jagoranci fim ɗin Documentary Ta'zieh; Wata Riwaya, bincika abubuwan tatsuniya, addini, da al'ada na Ta'zieh da alaƙarta da Soug-e Siavash (makoki na Siavash) a cikin Shahnameh. Fim ɗin ya ƙunshi bayanai daga fitattun masu bincike da masana Ta'zieh irin su Bahram Beyzai, [[Peter J. Chelkowski]], Jaber Anasori, Laleh Taghian, da Abdul-Ali Khalili, daraktan Ta'zieh kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Suna tattauna fannoni daban-daban na wannan wasan kwaikwayo na al'ada, gami da tsarinsa na ban mamaki da dabarun wasan kwaikwayo. Binciken ya mayar da hankali ne kan Imam-Hussain da dan uwansa Hazrat-e Abbas Ta'zieh, wadanda suka yi da kuma yin fim a kauyukan arewacin kasar Iran, musamman a kauyen Shavy-Laasht da ke lardin Mazandaran. An zaɓi fim ɗin don bikin dei Popi na 44 a Florence, Italiya da bikin Iran na Farko a Berkeley, CA, duka a ƙarshen 2003, da bikin Tiburon International Film Festival na uku a Tiburon, CA a farkon 2004.

Mohammad B. Ghaffari ya gabatar da fitattun daraktocin wasan kwaikwayo Peter Brook da Jerzy Grotowski zuwa ta'ziyeh a lokacin bikin fasahar Shiraz a birnin Shiraz na Iran kafin juyin juya halin Iran na 1978-79, inda ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni da dama daga cikin zagayowar ta'ziyeh. Daga baya ya gabatar da wasan kwaikwayon ta'ziyeh a Festival d'Avignon a Faransa a 1992, kuma musamman a bikin Lincoln Center a birnin New York a 2002 da ke nuna 'yan wasan taziyeh na gargajiya a Iran, don yabo da yabo sosai.   An gabatar da wannan shirin da shirye-shiryensa a cikin wani fim ɗin shirin, ''The Troupe'', wanda Rabeah Ghaffari ya jagoranta. 

== Ci gaban ta'ziyeh a matsayin siffa mai ban mamaki ==
Bayyanar siffa mai ban mamaki ta Farisa da aka sani da ''ta'ziye'' Mu'izz ad-Dawla, sarkin [[daular Buyid]], a cikin 963. Da aka kafa daular Safawiyya a [[Iran|Farisa]] a shekara ta 1501, sannan kuma Shi'ar ' [[Ƴan Sha Biyu|yan-sha-biyu]] ta karbe shi a matsayin darikar hukuma, sai kasar ta dauki sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin makamin yada shi'anci.  &lt;/link&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to better sources. (December 2024)&quot;&gt;mafi kyau&amp;nbsp;tushe&amp;nbsp;ake bukata&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Ci gaban ta'aziya ya kai kololuwa a lokacin Qajar godiya, musamman saboda irin sha'awar da sarakunan Qajar suka nuna, musamman Nasser al-Din Shah (1848-1896). Babban abin ci gaba a wannan lokaci shi ne, “saboda buqatar jama’a”, wasannin ta’aziya ba su kevanta da watan Muharram da kuma watan Safar da ke tafe ba, a’a a duk shekara. Da farko dai wasu ranaku ne kawai a kalandar Shi'a da za a iya yin ta'aziya. Misali, ta’aziyar shahadar Ali, Imamin Shi’a na farko kuma halifa na hudu, an yi shi ne a ranar 21 ga watan Ramadan, ranar da Ali ya rasu sakamakon raunin takobi. Sanannen godiya ga wannan siffa mai ban mamaki ya ƙarfafa haɓakar tarihin ta'aziyeh. An shigar da wasu labarai daga al'adar Musulunci da kuma labaran Littafi Mai Tsarki da tatsuniyoyi na kasar Iran. Tunda gudanar da wasan kwaikwayon ya kunshi matuqar qoqari, qungiya ta xan ta’aziya ta kan yi a wuri xaya na tsawon kwanaki da dama, tare da haxa tafsirin Muharram da abin da za mu iya kira wasan ta’aziya. Daga cikin wa] annan wasan kwaikwayo, a ƙarshe mun ci karo da wasan kwaikwayo na barkwanci, ko kuma mafi daidai, maƙiyi, game da maƙiyan Shi'a daban-daban. Musamman wadannan zage-zage sun ta’allaka ne a kan Umar, Usman, da Abubakar, halifofi uku, wadanda a bisa ra’ayin ‘yan Shi’a, sun yi tasiri wajen hana Ali zama halifa/Imam na farko bayan wafatin Muhammad. 

=== Guriz ko kuma ya sake dawowa a Ta'zieh ===
Yana yiwuwa a shigar da kowane lamari tun daga ranar halitta har zuwa ranar alkiyama a cikin tarihin ta’aziya. Wannan yana yiwuwa ta hanyar na'urar wasan kwaikwayo mai mahimmanci da ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sauƙaƙe shigo da batutuwa na waje zuwa babban maudu'in cikin ta'aziya ba tare da haifar da wata matsala ta fasaha ko ɗabi'a ba: guriz. Kalmar guriz ita ce fi'ili na gurikhtan, ma'ana &quot;gudu.&quot; A cikin ta'ziyeh wannan kalma da aka haɗe da kalmar aux-iliary zadan, ta sami ma'ana ta musamman: &quot;domin abin da ya faru na Kar-bala.&quot; A cikin Ingilishi &quot;guriz zadan&quot;, ana iya maye gurbinsu da &quot;flashback&quot; ko &quot;flash forward,&quot; kamar yadda lamarin yake. Marubutan wasan kwaikwayo ta’aziyeh, ta hanyar amfani da guriz, sun samar da budaddiyar gabatar da wasannin kwaikwayo wadanda ba ‘yan Shi’a ba a cikin tarihin ta’aziya. Sun yi amfani da wannan dabarar wasan kwaikwayo ne kawai a matsayin digression: a cikin ta'aziyar duniya yawanci ana kallon daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru a Karbala, sau da yawa a kusa da karshen wasan, amma wannan ya bambanta dangane da aikin wasan. Na'urar guriz ta samar da ingantaccen dalili ga furodusoshi don yin amfani da labaran da ban da musibar shahadar Shi'a don nishadantar da mutane. Ta wurin guriz, duk wani yanayi na dan Adam yana da alaka kai tsaye ko a fakaice da irin wahalhalu da muguwar mutuwar “Shahidan Karbala”, ba tare da la’akari da ko labarin ya faru ne kafin kisan kiyashin Karbala ko bayan kisan gilla ba. Tarin Cerulli, wanda ke cikin ɗakin karatu na Vatican, ya ƙunshi wasu rubuce-rubucen ta'ziyeh 1,05,05 da Jakadan Italiya, Enrico Cerulli ya tattara, tsakanin shekarun 195o zuwa 1955. Waɗannan rubutun guda biyar sune (I) Majles-e Amir Teymour, (2) The Dervish of the Desert, (3) Mansar Halldj, Shams-e Tabriz da Mulla na Ram, (4) Majles-e Shahanshah- Iran, Nasser al-Din Shah, da (5) Majles of Tax Tax na Muinolbu. Waɗannan rubuce-rubucen sun ba da ƙarin haske game da tsarin da Ta'ziyeh ya rabu a hankali ya zama gidan wasan kwaikwayo na duniya. 

=== Rasuwar Ta'zieh a Iran ===
Rugujewar ta'aziye ya fara ne a matsayin martani ga tsoma baki da adawar abubuwa da sojoji da dama. Da farko dai, a shekarun karshe na mulkin Qajar, duk da cewa ta’aziyya ba ta taba yin kasa a gwiwa ba, amma goyon bayan kotuna da masu hannu da shuni ya fara raguwa, lamarin da ya sa masu yin ta’aziya ke neman tallafi daga wajen kasa. tsarin al'umma. Bayan Nasser al-Din Shah, daukaka da muhimmancin ta'aziye ya ragu a hankali amma an kiyaye farin jininsa. Tawagar kwararrun da aka kafa sun rika zagayawa a garuruwan duk shekara tare da nuna bajinta”. Jama'ar karkara ba su ji daɗin ƙwazo ba (ko ƙila tabarbarewar al'ummar biranen da suka ci gaba ba. Babu shakka sun fi sha'awar ta'aziyar gargajiya kuma ba su da sha'awar abubuwan ban dariya a cikin al'adun zaman makoki na shekara. 

=== Mata a Ta'zieh ===
Ba a la'akari da mata masu aiki a cikin al'adar Ta'zieh. Kusan dukkan matan da ke cikin wannan al'ada samari ne ke taka rawa, duk da haka a wasu lokuta kananan yara 'yan mata 'yan kasa da shekaru tara suna iya yin kananan ayyuka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mottahedeh |first=Negar |title=Ta'ziyeh; Karbala Drag Kings and Queens |url=http://www.iranchamber.com/cinema/articles/taziyeh_drag_kings_queens.php |website=Iran Chamber |access-date=2024-12-27 |archive-date=2019-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023053246/http://www.iranchamber.com/cinema/articles/taziyeh_drag_kings_queens.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mata sun kasance maza ne na al'ada waɗanda za su sanya baƙar fata kuma su rufe fuskokinsu. A lokacin biki, matan al'ummar da aka gudanar da wasan kwaikwayon sun kawata tekyeh, tare da kyawawan kayayakin al'ummar yankin. Mata ne suka shirya abin sha tare da yi wa ’yan kallo hidima ta ‘ya’yan iyalai masu wadata. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; An gayyaci matan al'umma don kallon wasan kwaikwayon daga akwatunan da ke sama da babban wurin kallo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Gabaɗaya mahalarta taron sun ƙunshi iyalai da suka fi samun wadata yayin da suke ɗaukar Ta'zieh a matsayin nishaɗi, yayin da ƙananan jama'a suka ɗauka a matsayin wani muhimmin al'ada na addini. Ta'Zieh ya samu karbuwa a karni na 19 kuma mata sun zana hotunan wasan kwaikwayo na Ta'Zieh akan mataki akan zane-zane da tarihi. Wannan babban mataki ne a tarihin fasahar Musulunci . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Idem |title=Narrative Painting and Painting Representation in Qajar Iran |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tazia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Muhimmancin sarari ===
A Iran Ta'zieh, sararin samaniya yana da matukar muhimmanci. Asali, wasan kwaikwayo na Ta'zieh, kamar sauran wasannin motsa jiki na Yammacin Turai, an yi su ne a fage na jama'a, wanda ke ba da dama ga masu sauraro damar yin taro. Daga baya sun koma ƙananan wurare kamar tsakar gida da sarari a cikin gidajen ƴan ƙasa masu zaman kansu, amma daga ƙarshe sun ƙare ana yin su a wuraren wasan kwaikwayo na ɗan lokaci da ake kira tekyehs ko husseiniyehs. Mafi shaharar tekyeh ana kiransa Tekyeh Dowlat . Sarkin Iran Naser al-Din Shah Qajar ne ya gina shi a babban [[Tehran|birnin]] kasar [[Iran]] . Tekyeh (ban da Dowlat Tekyeh) kusan koyaushe ana yin su ne don amfani na ɗan lokaci sannan kuma a rushe a ƙarshen Muharram. Tekyeh Dowlat wani fili ne na dindindin da aka gina a shekara ta 1868, amma bayan shekaru 79 ya ruguje a 1947 saboda rashin amfani da banki ya maye gurbinsa. Yawansa ya kai 4,000.  Sun bambanta da girman da ya dace a ko'ina tsakanin dozin zuwa dubunnan 'yan kallo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chelkowski |first=Peter |date=2003 |title=Time Out of Memory: Ta'ziyeh, the Total Drama |url=http://asiasociety.org/time-out-memory-taziyeh-total-drama |access-date=11 November 2017 |website=Asia Society}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tekyehs sun ɗan buɗe iska, amma kusan koyaushe suna da rumfa iri-iri a saman ginin don kare ƴan kallo da ƴan wasan daga rana da ruwan sama. Duk ƴan wasan kwaikwayo a bikin Ta'zieh ba su taɓa barin filin wasa ba. An ɗaga matakin tsakanin ƙafa ɗaya da biyu daga ƙasa kuma an raba shi zuwa yankuna huɗu: ɗaya don masu fafutuka, masu adawa, ƙananan ra'ayi, da kayan kwalliya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

Ba kamar sauran al'adun wasan kwaikwayo ba, musamman al'adun wasan kwaikwayo na Yammacin Yamma, matakin Ta'zieh da amfani da kayan talla ba su da yawa kuma ba su da kyau. An tsara duk tekyehs domin wasan kwaikwayon Ta'zieh ya faru a cikin-zagaye don ƙirƙirar ƙwarewa mai zurfi tsakanin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da masu sauraro. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chelkowski |first=Peter |date=2003 |title=Time Out of Memory: Ta'Zieh, The Total Drama |url=http://asiasociety.org/time-out-memory-taziyeh-total-drama |access-date=11 November 2017 |website=Asia Society}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya ba masu kallo damar jin kamar suna cikin aikin a kan mataki kuma wani lokaci yana ƙarfafa su su zama membobin wasan kwaikwayo na jiki; Hakanan ba sabon abu ba ne don yanayin yaƙi ya faru a bayan masu sauraro. 

=== Tufafi da bambancin hali ===
Tufafin al'adar Ta'zieh sune abin da ake ɗaukar wakilci ta fuskar wasan kwaikwayo. Ba a nufin su gabatar da gaskiya ba. Babban makasudin zane na kayan ado ba shine ya kasance daidai a tarihi ba, amma don taimakawa masu sauraro su gane irin halayen da suke kallo. Kazari su ne ‘yan Sunna masu adawa da Imam Husaini. Kullum suna sanye da jajayen kaya. Jaruman, dangin Hussaini, sun kasance sanye da koren kaya idan sun kasance maza.  Duk wanda zai mutu yana cikin farar fata. Maza a ko da yaushe suna nuna mata cikin baki. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Hanya daya da za a iya bambance hali baya ga kalar suturar su ita ce yadda suke isar da layinsu. Jarumai ko Iyalan Imam Husaini suna rera waka ko rera takensu, miyagu za su bayyana layinsu. Idan mutum yana tafiya a da'ira a kan dandalin ko kewaye, wannan yana nufin suna tafiya mai nisa (yawanci yana wakiltar tazarar Makka da Karbala). Tafiya a madaidaiciyar layi yana wakiltar ɗan gajeren tafiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

=== Dabbobi a cikin al'ada ===
Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da dabbobi wajen wasan kwaikwayon Ta'zieh. Sau da yawa masu wasan kwaikwayo na Ta'zieh suna kan doki. Yawancin maza tun suna kanana suna horar da su iya hawan doki domin abin alfahari ne a al’adun Farisa kasancewa cikin Ta’zieh, musamman ma su nuna hali mai hawan doki. Sau da yawa an yi amfani da wasu dabbobi a cikin al'ada kuma. Sauran dabbobin kuwa su ne: rakuma, tumaki ko wani lokacin ma zaki.  Yawanci zakin ba gaskiya bane, kuma wani mutum ne da ke sanye da abin rufe fuska kawai yake wakilta.

== ''Ta'ziya'' a duniya ==
[[Fayil:1878_Shia_Muslim_Muharram_Tazia_Taboot_in_water_immersion_Bombay_by_Emile_Bayard.jpg|thumb| 1878 zanen Tazia nutsewa a cikin Bay of Bengal ta Musulmai Shi'a (Emile Bayard).]]
[[Musulmi|Mabiya]] Shi'a sun shirya muzaharar Ta'ziya (wacce ake rubuta Ta'ziya, Taziya, Tabut ko Taboot) a [[Ashura|ranar Ashura]] a Kudancin Asiya . 

Aikin zanen bamboo ne mai launin fenti da kaburbura na takarda. Musulman Kudancin Asiya suma suna gudanar da wannan muzaharar a duk faɗin Indiya, Pakistan da Bangladesh na yau, da kuma a cikin ƙasashe masu manyan al'ummomin ƙasashen kudancin Asiya waɗanda aka kafa a ƙarni na 19 ta hannun ƴan leburori da suka shiga ƙasashen Burtaniya, Holland da Faransa. Fitattun yankuna a wajen Kudancin Asiya inda ake yin irin waɗannan jerin gwano sun haɗa da:

* British Guiana da Dutch Surinam (yanzu [[Guyana]] da [[Suriname]] ) 
* [[Fiji]] 
* [[Trinidad da Tobago]]  
* [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] 

Tun daga 1790 a [[Moris|Mauritius]] ana kiran wannan aikin a matsayin ''bikin Ghoon'' ko ''Yamsé'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Truth and Justice Commission 2011 Report Volume 1 |url=https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/ROL/TJC_Vol1.pdf |access-date=2021-07-02 |website=Page 174 |publisher=Government of Mauritius |archive-date=2016-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615081832/http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/ROL/TJC_Vol1.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yamse festival in Mauritius |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/thorntree/forums/africa/mauritius/yamse-festival-in-mauritius |access-date=2021-07-02 |publisher=Lonely Planet}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasu gungun muminai na murnar ranar 10 ga watan Muharram da watan farko na kalandar Musulunci a Plaine Verte da ke babban birnin [[Port Louis|Port Louis Mauritius]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Toorab |first=Reshad |title=Célébration du Yamse : Moidine Lindor, le doyen, perpétue la tradition |url=https://defimedia.info/celebration-du-yamse-moidine-lindor-le-doyen-perpetue-la-tradition |access-date=2016-10-16 |publisher=Defimedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tabuik da aka yi daga bamboo, rattan da takarda alama ce ta gida ta Tuna Muharram a tsakanin al'ummar Minangkabau a yankunan bakin teku na yammacin Sumatra, [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], musamman a birnin Pariaman ya ƙare da aikin jefa ''tabuik'' a cikin teku ya faru. A kowace shekara a birnin Pariaman a ranar [[Ashura|10 ga watan Muharram]] tun daga shekara ta 1831 lokacin da dakarun ' ''yan'' [[Shi'a]] suka kaddamar da shi a yankin. [[Indiya]] waɗanda aka kafa kuma daga baya suka zauna a can lokacin Raj na Burtaniya . 

A lokacin mulkin mallaka a Indiya ta Biritaniya, al'adar ta'zieh (ta'ziya) ba musulmin Shi'a da sauran musulmi ne kawai suke yin ta ba amma mabiya addinin Hindu ne suka shiga.   Tare da bukukuwan da musulmin Shi'a da mabiya addinin Hindu suka yi domin halartar muzaharar tare, jerin gwanon Tazia ya kuma kasance tarihi na rikice-rikicen kabilanci tsakanin 'yan Sunni da Shi'a da kuma tsakanin al'ummar Hindu da musulmi tun karni na 18, musamman Tawayen Muharram da ya auku. a Sylhet kuma shine farkon tawaye na adawa da Biritaniya a cikin yankin Indiya .   Haka kuma a yankin Sylhet an yi tarzoma tsakanin al'ummar musulmi da mabiya addinin Hindu, duk da cewa Faujdar Ganar Khan na Sylhet ya yi kokarin hana ta kafa, saboda Tazia ta yi daidai da jerin gwanon motocin Hindu. Wadannan jerin gwanon Taziya sun saba bi ta titunan wani gari, suna zaman makoki, da tuta, da makoki, daga karshe zuwa wani tabki, kogi ko teku, inda za a nutsar da Taziya cikin ruwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;reza89&quot; /&gt;

== Hutuna ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Fayil:Mourning_of_Holy_Ashura_18.jpg|alt=Tazia in Bangladesh| Taziya in Bangladesh
Fayil:Ta'zieh_in_Tajrish,_Tehran.jpg| Ta'zieh in Tajrish, Tehran
Fayil:Shirazfestival10.jpg|alt=Ta'ziye in Shiraz Arts Festival,1977| Ta'ziye in Shiraz Arts Festival ,1977
Fayil:Mourning_of_Holy_Ashura_11.jpg|alt=Tazia from Hussaini Dalan, Dhaka| Taziya daga Hussaini Dalan, [[Dhaka]]
Fayil:Tabuik_festival.jpg|alt=Tabuiks being lowered into the sea in Pariaman, Indonesia.| Ana saukar da Tabuiks cikin teku a Pariaman, [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]] .
Fayil:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Women_Attending_a_Ta'ziyeh_Performance_One_of_274_Vintage_Photographs.jpg|alt=Women Attending a Ta'Zieh 1800s| Mata Masu Halartar Ta'Zieh 1800s
Fayil:Tazieh.jpg|alt=Persian Tekyeh for Ta'Zieh| Persian Tekyeh don Ta'Zieh
Fayil:Ta'zieh-001.jpg|alt=Ta'azieh in Tehran| Ta'azih in Tehran
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Fayil:Ta'zieh.jpg|alt=A man acting as Umar ibn Sa'ad whose army set fire to Imam Hussain's family tents, Iran| Wani mutum mai suna [[Umar Ibn Sa'ad|Umar bn Sa'ad]] wanda sojojinsa suka kona tantin iyalan Imam Hussaini wato Iran
Fayil:Mourning_of_Muharram_in_cities_and_villages_of_Iran-342_16_(136).jpg|alt=Ta'zieh in Iran, mourning of Muharram| Ta'zieh a Iran, juyayin Muharram
Fayil:Muharram_in_cities_and_villages_of_Iran-342_16_(146).jpg|alt=All actors use scripts during performance| Duk 'yan wasan kwaikwayo suna amfani da rubutun yayin wasan kwaikwayo
Fayil:Ta'zieh_in_Iran_08.jpg| Ta'zieh (2017) in Iran
Fayil:Ta'zieh_in_Iran_03.jpg| Ta'zieh (2003) in Iran
&lt;/gallery&gt;{{Reflist}}

* Hosay
* Musulunci a Iran
* Tekyeh
* [[Muharram]]

== Bayanan kula ==

== Manazarta ==

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      <comment>Undid revision [[Special:Diff/818967|818967]] by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-21252-32|~2026-21252-32]] ([[User talk:~2026-21252-32|talk]]) Edit by globally banned LTA Wikinger</comment>
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'''Redfoo''' sunan mataki Stefan Kendal Gordy mawaƙin kasar [[amurka]] ne, wanda aka sani da aikinsa tare da ƙungiyar LMFAO wanda tare da shi ya fitar da &quot;Party Rock Anthem&quot; guda ɗaya wanda ya sayar da kwafi 10,000,000 a kasar [[Amurka]].
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'''Philippa &quot;Pippa&quot; Marrack,''' FRS (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1945) masanin ilimin rigakafi ne kuma masanin kimiyya, wanda ke zaune a Amurka, wanda aka fi sani da bincikenta da abubuwan da suka shafi sel T. Marrack shi ne Farfesa na Ida da Cecil Green kuma shugaban Sashen Binciken Kiwon Lafiya a Lafiya ta Yahudawa kuma fitaccen farfesa ne na ilimin rigakafi da microbiology a Jami'ar Colorado Denver . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Brien |date=August 29, 2012 |title=Oral History Project |url=https://www.aai.org/About/History/Past-Presidents-and-Officers/PhilippaMarrack |access-date=November 2, 2020 |website=The American Association of Immunologists}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
An haifi Marrack a Ewell, Ingila a ranar 28 ga Yuni 1945. An haife ta ne a Ingila, tana riƙe da 'yan asalin Burtaniya da Amurka a halin yanzu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Emrich |first=John |date=2013 |title=The American Association of Immunologists Oral History Project Transcript |url=https://www.aai.org/AAISite/media/About/History/OHP/Transcripts/Trans-Inv_012-Marrack_Philippa-2012_Final.pdf |access-date=November 2, 2020 |website=The American Association of Immunologists}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifin Marrack ya yi aiki a cikin Royal Navy, don haka iyalinta sun ƙaura akai-akai a duk lokacin yarinta. Marrack ta lura cewa mafi tsawo da ta zauna a wuri daya a farkon shekarunta ya kasance a Cambridge inda ta fara neman digiri na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Bayan ya halarci Jami'ar Cambridge, Marrack ya koma Amurka don kammala aikin postdoctoral da bincike. A Amurka ta sadu da abokin tarayya da mijinta, John W. Kappler . Sun kammala bincike da yawa kuma sun sami ci gaba da yawa a fannonin rigakafi, ilmin sunadarai, da ilmin halitta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Philippa Marrack, PhD |url=https://www.cogreatwomen.org/project/philippa-marrack-phd/ |access-date=2020-11-02 |website=Colorado Women's Hall of Fame |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Marrack da Kappler suna da 'ya'ya biyu tare.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marrack, Philippa (1945–) Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/marrack-philippa-1945 |access-date=2020-11-02 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A waje da kimiyya, Philippa Marrack tana jin daɗin kunna piano, da kuma gudu tare da Kogin Platte tare da Labradors.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Marrack ya kammala karatun digiri na farko (1967) da Ph.D. (1970) a Jami'ar Cambridge da ke New Hall, Cambridge . A lokacin Ph.D., Marrack ta yi aiki a MRC Laboratory na Molecular Biology tare da Alan Munro, inda ta fara nazarin bambance-bambance tsakanin sel T da sel B. Alan Munro ya zama mai ba da shawara ga rubutun ta; ta zama ɗalibar digiri wanda ta yi aiki tare da shi saboda sha'awarsa na aiki tare da dangi na John Marrack. John Marrack ɗan'uwan kakan Philippa Marrack ne, kuma sanannen masanin rigakafi ne a cikin shekarun 1930. Marrack ya lura cewa ya rinjayi ta kai tsaye don ci gaba da nazarin rigakafi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Marrack daga nan ta koma La Jolla, San Diego tare da mijinta na farko kuma ta kammala aikin postdoctoral tare da Richard Dutton a Jami'ar California, San Diego . &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=About NJ - Physician, Researcher or Clinician Detail - Philippa Marrack FRS, PhD - National Jewish Medical and Research Center |url=http://atopicderm.org/about/phys-fac/detail.aspx?doctorID=135 |access-date=2020-11-02 |website=atopicderm.org |archive-date=2021-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421041635/http://atopicderm.org/about/phys-fac/detail.aspx?doctorID=135 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yaba Dutton da cewa tana da babban tasiri a kan aikinta a lokacin da take tare, yayin da ya koya mata yadda ake rubutu, lacca, da gudanar da dakin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma yadda ake tunani da kyau.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Marrack ta sadu da abokin aikinta na dindindin kuma mijinta na yanzu, John W. Kappler, a matsayin abokin karatun postdoctoral a Jami'ar California, San Diego . Matsayinta na farko a Jami'ar Rochester, inda ta koyar da karatun digiri na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; Ma'aurata sun ƙaddamar da dakin gwaje-gwaje na hadin gwiwa a Jami'ar Rochester . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Powell |first=Kendall |date=2004-12-01 |title=Profile: Philippa Marrack |journal=Nature Medicine |language=en |volume=10 |issue=12 |pages=1270 |doi=10.1038/nm1204-1270 |issn=1546-170X |pmid=15580239 |s2cid=43191184 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokaci guda, ta sami tallafi mai zaman kanta daga Ƙungiyar Zuciya ta Amirka da Ƙungiyar Ciwon daji ta Amirka don nazarin ƙwayoyin T. Marrack ya sami matsayi na farfesa a Jami'ar Rochester, sannan ya biyo bayan mukamai a Hukumar Lafiya ta Yahudawa, Denver, Colorado da Jami'ar Colorado Denver. Ta kuma kasance mai bincike a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Howard Hughes . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Philippa Marrack, Ph.D. |url=https://www.aai.org/About/History/Past-Presidents-and-Officers/PhilippaMarrack |access-date=29 January 2020 |website=American Association of Immunologists}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin aikinta, Marrack ta wallafa labarai sama da 300 da aka sake dubawa. Yawancin abubuwan da ta ambata da kuma labaran mujallar sun sanya ta a matsayin mai bincike na uku mafi tasiri a cikin al'umma kuma ya bambanta ta a matsayin babbar mace mai bincike.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;

== Bincike ==
A shekara ta 1983 yayin da suke aiki a dakunan gwaje-gwaje a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Yahudawa a Denver, Colorado, Philippa Marrack da mijinta da abokin bincike, John Kappler, sun gano kuma sun ware mai karɓar T cell, tare da Ellis Reinherz da James Allison. Sakamakon wannan binciken, a cikin 1987 Marrack ya gano yadda tsarin rigakafi ke iya nuna bambanci na kwayoyin, kamar yadda jikin mutum zai iya kawar da ƙwayoyin T da ke kaiwa ga ƙwayoyin jikin mutum, yana lalata su a cikin Thymus kafin su sami damar haifar da matsaloli, duk da haka jiki yana riƙe da ƙwayohin da ke yaƙi da masu mamayewa. Ta koyi cewa kwayoyin da ba a lalata su ba na iya haifar da cututtukan rigakafi kamar [[Kanjamau|Cutar kanjamau]], [[Ciwon suga|Ciwon sukari]], [[Sclerosis da yawa|Multiple sclerosis]], da lupus. Wannan aikin tushe a kan juriya ta rigakafi ta Marrack da Kappler ya haifar da binciken da suka yi daga baya a cikin 1990 na superantigens: guba mai ƙarfi wanda ke motsa yawan yaduwar T-cell kuma yana iya haifar da mummunar amsawar rigakafi da alamun tashin hankali kamar waɗanda aka gani a cikin cutar shock ko guba na abinci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Philippa Marrack |url=https://www.rockefeller.edu/greengard-prize/recipients/marrack/ |access-date=2020-11-02 |website=Greengard Prize |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukan bincike na Marrack na yanzu suna mai da hankali kan dalilin da ya sa wasu cututtukan rigakafi, kamar lupus ko Multiple sclerosis, sun fi yawa a cikin mata fiye da maza. Marrack da Kappler kwanan nan sun gano yawan Kwayoyin B waɗanda zasu iya lissafa wasu daga cikin wannan lura.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marrack, Philippa |url=https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/philippa-marrack/ |access-date=2020-11-02 |website=National Women’s Hall of Fame |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukanta na farko da juyin juya hali na ware mai karɓar T-cell da kuma bayyana yadda T-cell ke karewa daga kamuwa da cuta, fitar da cututtukan autoimmune da allergic, da kuma taka rawar gani wajen kin amincewa da cututsin daji, ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga fahimtar yanzu game da allurar rigakafi, HIV, da cututsen rigakafi a fagen kiwon lafiya.

== Ayyukan sana'a ==
Marrack ya yi aiki a kan allon edita da mujallu na Kimiyya da yawa ciki har da Cell, Science, da Journal of Immunology . Ta kuma yi aiki a kan allon da bangarori daban-daban na American Cancer Society, Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Kasa, da Asusun Maraba da Burroughs . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Philippa Marrack to Be Honored for Lifetime Achievement in Immunology : Denver Nursing Star |url=http://www.denvernursingstar.com/newsletter/newsletter_view.asp?newsid=526&amp;catid=73&amp;active=0&amp;mode=current |access-date=2020-11-02 |website=www.denvernursingstar.com |archive-date=2021-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016000647/http://www.denvernursingstar.com/newsletter/newsletter_view.asp?newsid=526&amp;catid=73&amp;active=0&amp;mode=current |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga 1986 zuwa 2017, Marrack ya kasance mai binciken Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Howard Hughes. Daga 1995 zuwa 2002, Marrack ya yi aiki a Majalisar Kungiyar Kwararrun Kwararrun Amurka kuma ya yi aiki ne a matsayin shugaban Kungiyar Kwararru ta Kwararrun (AAI) daga 2000 zuwa 2001.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Ta kasance memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa a Amurka tun daga 1989 kuma Fellow na Royal Society a Burtaniya tun daga 1997. Har ila yau, ita ce farfesa ta Ida da Cecil Green a yanzu kuma shugabar Sashen Binciken Kiwon Lafiya a Lafiya ta Yahudawa kuma fitacciyar farfesa a Jami'ar Colorado Denver . Ta shiga fannin kiwon lafiya na Yahudawa da Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Colorado a shekarar 1979.

== Daraja da kyaututtuka ==

* 1990 - Medal na Feodor Lynen don Nasarar Musamman da Ayyuka Masu Kyau 
* 1990 - Kyautar Gidauniyar Royal Society Wellcome &lt;ref name=&quot;njmrc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Allstetter |first=William |date=4 May 2003 |title=Philippa Marrack to Be Honored for Lifetime Achievement in Immunology |url=http://atopicderm.org/news/marrack_aai_lifetime.html |access-date=27 March 2020 |website=atopicderm.org |publisher=National Jewish Medical &amp; Research Center }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1991 - An zabe shi zuwa Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Philippa Marrack |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/philippa-marrack |access-date=3 May 2019 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1991 - Kyautar William B. Coley &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;
* 1992 - Kyautar tunawa da Ernst W. Bertner (MD Anderson Cancer Center) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=M. D. Anderson Cancer Center - Current Research/Awards |url=http://www3.mdanderson.org/~resrep/awards.htm |access-date=24 November 2019 |website=www3.mdanderson.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1993 - Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon daji William B. Coley Award &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William B. Coley Award |url=https://www.cancerresearch.org/about-cri/awards-honors/william-b-coley-award |access-date=27 March 2020 |website=Cancer Research Institute |language=en |archive-date=22 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322170144/http://www.cancerresearch.org/about-cri/awards-honors/william-b-coley-award |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1993 - Kyautar Paul Ehrlich da Ludwig Darmstaedter &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=March 1993 |title=Announcement |journal=Immunology |volume=78 |issue=3 |pages=511 |via=EBSCO Academic Search Complete}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1994 - Kyautar Louisa Gross Horwitz (Jami'ar Columbia) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 June 2018 |title=Horwitz Prize Awardees |url=https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/research/louisa-gross-horwitz-prize/horwitz-prize-awardees |access-date=24 November 2019 |website=Columbia University Irving Medical Center |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;njmrc&quot; /&gt;
* 1995 - Kyautar Behring-Heidelberger Lecture &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;
* 1995 - [[Kyautar FASEB a Kimiyya]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* 1995 - Kyautar Louisa Gross Horwitz (Jami'ar Columbia) 
* 1996 - Kyautar Dickson a fannin kiwon lafiya (Jami'ar Pittsburgh) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bonnie Bassler, PhD |url=http://www.dicksonprize.pitt.edu/recipients/2018-bassler.php |access-date=24 November 2019 |website=www.dicksonprize.pitt.edu |archive-date=6 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606032608/http://www.dicksonprize.pitt.edu/recipients/2018-bassler.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1996 - Dokta na girmamawa na Kimiyya, Kwalejin Macalester
* 1998 - Kyautar Tunawa da Rabbi Shai Shacknai &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Rabbi Shai Shaknai Award - מרכז לאוטנברג לאימונולוגיה וחקר הסרטן {{!}} Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer research |url=https://lautenbergcenter.org/the-lautenberg-center/shai-shaknai-award/ |access-date=24 November 2019 |website=מרכז לאוטנברג לאימונולוגיה וחקר הסרטן {{!}} Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer research |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1999 - Taron Interscience kan Antimicrobial Agents da Chemotherapy Award
* 1999 - Kyautar Howard Taylor Ricketts (Jami'ar Chicago) 
* 2000 - Kyautar Rayuwa ta Rayuwa, Ƙungiyar Masu Kwarewar Kwarewar Ruwa ta Amirka
* 2001 - Kyautar Jagorancin Kimiyya ta Cibiyar Irvington a cikin Immunology
* 2002 - memba, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dr Philippa Marrack The Academy of Medical Sciences |url=https://acmedsci.ac.uk/fellows/fellows-directory/ordinary-fellows/fellow/Dr-Philippa-Marrack-0006052 |access-date=24 November 2019 |website=acmedsci.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2003 - American Association of Immunologists Lifetime Achievement Award  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=AAI Award History |url=http://www.aai.org/Awards/award_history.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115025258/http://www.aai.org/awards/award_history.htm |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=24 November 2007 |website=aai.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2003 - Kyautar Jakadan Faculty, Lafiya ta Yahudawa ta Kasa
* 2004 - Kyautar Bonfils Stanton don Kimiyya &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=sean |date=27 April 2015 |title=Past Honorees |url=https://bonfils-stantonfoundation.org/leadership/annual-awards-program/past-honorees/ |access-date=24 November 2019 |website=Bonfils-Stanton Foundation |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2004 - Kyautar Mata a Kimiyya ta L'Oreal UNESCO
* 2004 - Kyautar Lafiya ta Yahudawa ta Kasa Ibrahim J. Kauvar Kyautar Shugaban kasa &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marrack |first=Philippa |title=Philippa Marrack, PhD, FRS |url=https://www.nationaljewish.org/doctors-departments/providers/researchers/philippa-marrack |access-date=2 November 2020 |website=National Jewish Health |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107134628/https://www.nationaljewish.org/doctors-departments/providers/researchers/philippa-marrack |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2004 - Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Lafiya ta Jami'ar Colorado, Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya, Kyautar Mentoring &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
* 2005 - Kyautar Pearl Meister Greengard 
* 2006 - Kyautar Avery-Landsteiner[de]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 February 2018 |title=Deutscher Immunologiepreis |url=https://dgfi.org/preise/deutscher-immunologiepreis/ |access-date=24 November 2019 |language=de-DE}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2008 - Zababben memba, Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Member Directory - Philippa Marrack, Ph.D. |url=https://nam.edu/member/?member_id=FiGtmFAk5vAPfGDH00lh4g%3D%3D |website=National Academy of Medicine}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2010 - An shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Mata na Colorado 
* 2015 - Kyautar Wolf a cikin Magunguna 
* 2015 - An shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Mata na Kasa   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marisa Zeppieri-Caruana |title=10 women honored at Hall of Fame induction |url=http://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2015/10/03/womens-national-hall-of-fame-seneca-falls-2015/73236506/ |access-date=4 October 2015 |publisher=Democratandchronicle.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=National Women's Hall of Fame |title=Marrack, Philippa – National Women's Hall of Fame |url=https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/philippa-marrack/ |access-date=13 February 2017 |publisher=womenofthehall.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marrack, Philippa |url=https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/philippa-marrack/ |access-date=30 January 2020 |website=National Women’s Hall of Fame |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2016 - Kyautar Novartis don Kayan rigakafi na asali &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Six leading scientists to receive prestigious Novartis Prizes for Immunology at 16th International Congress of Immunology |url=https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/six-leading-scientists-receive-prestigious-novartis-prizes-immunology-16th-international-congress-immunology |access-date=24 November 2019 |website=Novartis |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019 - Bayyana Bayani Laureate &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Researchers of Nobel class: Citation Laureates 2019 |url=https://clarivate.com/webofsciencegroup/solutions/citation-laureates/ |access-date=24 November 2019 |website=Web of Science Group |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2024 - Mai karɓar digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Rockefeller 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ƙarin karantawa ==
 

* [http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/marrack.html HHMI Bayanan aiki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003145322/http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/marrack.html |date=2012-10-03 }}
* [http://www.hhmi.org/becoming/marrack.html &quot;Zuwa Masanin Kimiyya&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710025541/http://www.hhmi.org/becoming/marrack.html |date=2010-07-10 }}, Philippa Marrack, HHMI
* Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha.&amp;nbsp;
* &quot;Profile: Philippa Marrack&quot;, Nature Medicine, v.10, n.12.
* Tarihin Magana na Philippa Marrack, Ph.D. (AAI '74, shugaban 2000-2001), https://vimeo.com/64907450

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://www.nationaljewish.org/research-science/programs-depts/biomedical-research/labs/kappler-marrack-research-lab/kmlab Gidan yanar gizon KM] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214102357/https://www.nationaljewish.org/research-science/programs-depts/biomedical-research/labs/kappler-marrack-research-lab/kmlab |date=2017-02-14 }}
{{Colorado Women's Hall of Fame}}{{National Women's Hall of Fame}}{{Wolf Prize in Medicine}}{{FRS 1997}}{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]]
[[Rukuni:Mata]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Petit Mal</title>
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'''Petit Mal''' ([[Faransanci]] don 'Little Evil') fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Colombia na shekarar 2022 wanda Ruth Caudeli ta rubuta, ta ba da umarni, ta hada kai kuma ta hada kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-05-14 |title=Ruth Caudeli: El mal de ausencia en Petit mal |url=https://www.elespectador.com/el-magazin-cultural/ruth-caudeli-el-mal-de-ausencia-en-petit-mal/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=El Espectador |language=spanish}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tauraruwar Caudeli, Silvia Varón da Ana María Otálora.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tiempo |first=Casa Editorial El |date=2022-06-09 |title='Petit Mal': trama de poliamor que brilla en el Festival de Cine de Tribeca |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/cultura/cine-y-tv/petit-mal-pelicula-acerca-del-poliamor-se-rodo-en-colombia-679012 |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=El Tiempo |language=spanish}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana game da dangantakar da mata 3 suka kafa wadanda, bayan babu daya saboda dalilai na aiki, suka yi muhawara game da makomar dangantakarsu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-05-06 |title=Petit Mal, la película que representará a Colombia en el festival de cine de Tribeca en Nueva York |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/colombia/2022/05/06/petit-mal-la-pelicula-que-representara-a-colombia-en-el-festival-de-cine-de-tribeca-en-nueva-york/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani game da shi ==
Martina, Laia da Anto mata uku ne waɗanda ke da dangantaka mai yawa inda su uku ke jin daɗin taronsu a bayan gida, ba'a da ba'a kuma suna kula da karnuka da suka ceto. Koyaya, an gwada dangantakarsu lokacin da aka kira Laia don aikin dogon lokaci a wani birni, wanda ya bar Martina da Anto cikin rauni don fuskantar nasu ƙarfin a cikin rashin Laia, yana tilasta musu ci gaba da canzawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-07 |title=Petit Mal, un filme que se abre al poliamor: &quot;El cine debería hablar de las realidades que uno conoce&quot; |url=https://www.cronica.com.mx/escenario/petit-mal-filme-abre-poliamor-cine-deberia-hablar-realidades-conoce.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107231213/https://www.cronica.com.mx/escenario/petit-mal-filme-abre-poliamor-cine-deberia-hablar-realidades-conoce.html |archive-date=2023-11-07 |access-date=2023-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƴan Wasan Fim ==

* Silvia Varón a matsayin Martina &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Reparto Completo de Petit mal (Cine.com) |url=https://www.cine.com/pelicula/petit-mal/reparto |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=cine.com |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ruth Caudeli a matsayin Laia &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Ana María Otálora a matsayin Anto &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Saki ==
Petit Mal ya fara fitowa a duniya a ranar 9 ga Yuni, 2022 , a Bikin Tribeca na 21, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-06-06 |title=Las dos películas con sello colombiano que debutarán este año en el Tribeca Film Festival |url=https://www.elpais.com.co/entretenimiento/las-dos-peliculas-con-sello-colombiano-que-debutaran-este-ano-en-el-tribeca-film-festival.html |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=El País |language=spanish}}&lt;/ref&gt; sannan aka nuna shi a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 2022, a bikin fina-finai na 37 na Guadalajara, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=PETIT MAL llega al FIC GUADALAJARA después de sus estreno mundial en TRIBECA |url=https://www.bitacoracdmx.com/?p=44750 |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Bitácora CDMX |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; a ƙarshen Yuni 2022 a bikin fina na 46 na Frameline San Francisco, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Santoro |first=Cosimo |date=2022-05-25 |title=PETIT MAL, CUT! and ROSA at Frameline |url=https://www.theopenreel.com/petit-mal-cut-and-rosa-at-frameline/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=The Open Reel |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; a ranar 31 ga Agusta, 2022, al'ummar fina-fakka ta Vancouver Latin American &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |title=Petit Mal |url=https://vlaff.org/petit-mal |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Vancouver Latin American Film Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2022, da 33rd Hong Kong Lesbian &amp; Gay Film Festival.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Santoro |first=Cosimo |date=2022-08-23 |title=PETIT MAL in Hong Kong |url=https://www.theopenreel.com/petit-mal-in-hong-kong/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=The Open Reel |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=33rd Hong Kong Lesbian and Gay Film Festival |url=https://www.localiiz.com/event/hong-kong-lesbian-and-gay-film-festival-2022 |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Localiiz |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karɓuwa ==

=== Karɓuwa mai mahimmanci ===
A shafin yanar gizon mai tarawa na Rotten Tomatoes, kashi 75% na sake dubawa 12 suna da kyau, tare da matsakaicin darajar 6.8/10.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-01-27 |title=Petit Mal - Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/petit_mal |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Godiya gaisuwa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Kyauta / Bikin
!Sashe
!Mai karɓa
!Sakamakon
!Tabbacin.
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Guadalajara
|Kyautar Maguey
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |''Ƙananan Mugunta''|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Medina |first=Erandi |date=2022-06-27 |title=Petit mal. Las nuevas formas de relacionarse |url=https://www.vagabunda.mx/petit-mal-las-nuevas-formas-de-relacionarse/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Vagabunda Mx |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Frameline San Francisco International LGBTQ Film Festival
|Kyautar Jury - Fim mafi kyau|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Frameline46 Award Winners |url=https://www.frameline.org/news/frameline46-award-winners/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Frameline |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na San Sebastián
|Kyautar Sebastiane|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-07-19 |title=Cinco películas competirán por el X Premio Sebastiane Latino en el 70 Festival de San Sebastián |url=https://www.europapress.es/euskadi/noticia-cinco-peliculas-competiran-premio-sebastiane-latino-70-festival-san-sebastian-20220719154049.html |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Europa Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2023
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kyautar Macondo
|Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo
|Ana María Otálora|{{Nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=La lista completa de nominados a los Premios Macondo 2023 |url=https://www.radionica.rocks/noticias/premios-macondo-2023-lista-completa-nominados |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Radiónica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bedoya |first=Ricardo |date=2023-11-06 |title=Los Reyes del Mudo película vencedora en los Premios Macondo 2023 |url=https://caracol.com.co/2023/11/06/los-reyes-del-mudo-pelicula-vencedora-en-los-premios-macondo-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Caracol Radio |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Mafi Kyawun Mataimakin Mataimakin
|Silvia Varón|{{Nom}}
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==
* {{IMDb title|15022446}}
[[Category:Fim]]</text>
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    <title>Srećko Horvat</title>
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Srećko Horvat (an haife shi 28 Fabrairu 1983) ɗan falsafar Croatia ne, marubuci kuma ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa. Jaririn mako-mako na Jamus Der Freitag ya kira shi &quot;ɗaya daga cikin muryoyin da suka fi farin ciki a zamaninsa&quot; [1] kuma an kwatanta shi a matsayin &quot;muryar rashin amincewa a cikin yanayin Post-Yugoslavia&quot;. [2] Rubutunsa ya bayyana a cikin The Guardian, Al Jazeera, Der Spiegel, Jacobin, Newsweek , da [[New York Times|The New York Times]] .

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi Horvat a Osijek, Croatia amma ya rayu shekaru takwas na farko na rayuwarsa a Jamus kafin ya koma Croatia a 1991. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nikacevic |first=Galeb |date=16 May 2016 |title=Srećko Horvat Is Creating New Worlds EK |url=https://www.vice.com/en_au/article/exq84m/profile-srecko-horvat-876 |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan ya koma Croatia, ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo na hardcore punk na 1990s, &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt; ya sauke karatu tare da digiri a falsafa da ilimin harshe na gabaɗaya a Faculty of Philosophy a [[Zagreb]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 April 2016 |title=SREĆKO HORVAT 'Da, ja sam lud! Jer danas u ovakvoj Europi, koja je u ratu, koja se raspada, u kojoj se guše slobode, bilo bi ludo ne biti lud' |url=https://www.jutarnji.hr/globus/srecko-horvat-da-ja-sam-lud-jer-danas-u-ovakvoj-europi-koja-je-u-ratu-koja-se-raspada-u-kojoj-se-guse-slobode-bilo-bi-ludo-ne-biti-lud/4046088/ |access-date=27 December 2018 |website=[[Jutarnji list]] |language=hr}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya fara rubutawa ga mujallu na Croatian irin su ''Zarez'' kuma, kafin haihuwar haihuwarsa ashirin da shida, ya buga littattafai guda biyu, ''Against'' ''Polist Polist'' . ''Znakovi postmodernog grada'' ( ''Alamomin Postmodern City'' ) a cikin Croatia da [[Serbiya|Serbia]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt; Tun daga wannan lokacin, ya rubuta littattafai masu yawa a cikin Croatian da Ingilishi ( ''Shayari daga nan gaba'', ''Radicality of Love'' and ''Subversion!'' ), da yawa daga cikinsu an fassara su zuwa wasu harsuna, ciki har da Sinanci, Korean, Spanish, Turkish and German. A cikin 2008, ya haɗu tare da kafa bikin Subversive Festival, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan shirye-shirye har zuwa 2013. A cikin 2016, ya kafa haɗin gwiwa, tare da Yanis Varoufakis, Democracy in Europe Movement 2025,  wanda a halin yanzu yana zaune a matsayin memba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Coordinating Collective |url=https://diem25.org/cc/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tunanin siyasa da aiki ==
Ana daukar Horvat a matsayin daya daga cikin &quot;tsakiya na sabbin hagu a bayan Yugoslavia&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mappes-Niediek  |first=Norbert |date=19 January 2014 |title=EU-Beitritt: Für manche Serben ist Europa eine Bedrohung |url=https://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/inhalt.eu-beitritt-fuer-manche-serben-ist-europa-eine-bedrohung.ca9e72c4-d5fb-4ab0-9e62-c3893781146b.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |website=stuttgarter-nachrichten.de |language=de |archive-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320042306/https://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/inhalt.eu-beitritt-fuer-manche-serben-ist-europa-eine-bedrohung.ca9e72c4-d5fb-4ab0-9e62-c3893781146b.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya shiga cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na gwagwarmaya a fadin duniya, ciki har da zanga-zangar dalibai na 2009 a Croatia, Occupy Wall Street a 2011 da Duniya Social Forum a [[Senegal]] da [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 March 2016 |title=Srecko Horvat: why we urgently need to restore democracy in Europe |url=http://espresso.repubblica.it/attualita/2016/03/21/news/srecko-horvat-why-we-urgently-need-to-restore-democracy-in-europe-1.254619 |website=l'Espresso |access-date=22 February 2025 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131164017/https://espresso.repubblica.it/attualita/2016/03/21/news/srecko-horvat-why-we-urgently-need-to-restore-democracy-in-europe-1.254619 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ziyarci taron G20 na [[Hamburg]] na 2017 wanda ya bayyana a matsayin &quot;mafarki na dystopian&quot;, yana mai da'awar cewa &quot;matsala ta gaske ita ce barcin akida na shugabannin duniya masu 'yanci, wadanda Merkel, May da sauransu suka wakilta a wannan taron G20 na G20, wanda shine asalin mafarki na dystopian na yanzu (yaƙe-yaƙe, ta'addanci, rikicin 'yan gudun hijira da sauyin yanayi)&quot;.  Tun daga 2016, ya yi iƙirarin cewa &quot;buƙatar motsi na ƙasa da ƙasa ba ta kasance cikin gaggawa kamar yau ba&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Blich |first=Slawek |date=10 November 2016 |title=The need for a progressive international movement was never as urgent as today |url=http://politicalcritique.org/world/usa/2016/srecko-on-trump/ |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Da aka tambaye shi game da abin kunya na Facebook-Cambridge Analytica data ke nufi ga makomar siyasa, ya yi iƙirarin cewa &quot;nan gaba kadan za a tuna da wannan a matsayin farkon farkon canji mai zurfi na abin da muka fahimta a karkashin siyasa&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Protesting In the Age of Social Media |url=https://magazine.areweeurope.com/silentrevolutions/stories/ellyn-valkengoed-protesting-in-the-age-of-social-media |website=Are We Europe Magazine |access-date=2025-02-22 |archive-date=2018-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107104104/https://magazine.areweeurope.com/silentrevolutions/stories/ellyn-valkengoed-protesting-in-the-age-of-social-media |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2017, Horvat ya sanya hannu kan Sanarwa akan Harshen gama gari na Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks da Montenegrins . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Derk |first=Denis |date=28 March 2017 |title=Donosi se Deklaracija o zajedničkom jeziku Hrvata, Srba, Bošnjaka i Crnogoraca |trans-title=A Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks and Montenegrins is About to Appear |url=http://www.vecernji.hr/hrvatska/deklaracija-o-zajednickom-jeziku-iz-zagreba-donosi-se-30-ozujka-u-sarajevu-1159142 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920235101/https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/deklaracija-o-zajednickom-jeziku-iz-zagreba-donosi-se-30-ozujka-u-sarajevu-1159142 |archive-date=20 September 2017 |access-date=5 June 2019 |pages=6–7 |language=Serbo-Croatian |issn=0350-5006}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bikin Karya ==
Horvat yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Bikin Subversive a 2008, &lt;ref name=&quot;JL2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 October 2013 |title=SUKOB NA ZAGREBAČKOJ ALTERNATIVNOJ SCENI Srećko Horvat napustio Subversive, no festival ide dalje |url=https://www.jutarnji.hr/kultura/film-i-tv/sukob-na-zagrebackoj-alternativnoj-sceni-srecko-horvat-napustio-subversive-no-festival-ide-dalje/899566/ |access-date=27 December 2018 |website=[[Jutarnji list]] |language=hr}}&lt;/ref&gt; bikin shekara-shekara wanda ya haɗa da Oliver Stone, Alexis Tsipras, Aleida Guevara, Slavoj Žižek, Tariq Ali, Zygmunt Bauman, David Harvey da Saskia Sassen, da sauransu. A cikin 2013, shi tare da ƙungiyar shirin sun bar Bikin Ƙarfafawa &quot;saboda bambance-bambance a cikin fahimtar manufofi da jagorancin dandamali a cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru kuma, Gabaɗaya, Maƙasudin Ƙirar Ƙarfafawa&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;JL2013&quot; /&gt;  Tasiri da mahimmancin Bikin Ƙarƙashin Ƙa ya kasance sau da yawa yana daidai da Makarantar Praxis, motsi na falsafar ɗan adam na Marxist wanda ya samo asali a cikin SFR Yugoslavia a lokacin 1960s. A cikin 2017, Horvat ya buga littafin ''Subversion!'' wanda Ba'amurke masanin harshe kuma mai sukar zamantakewar al'umma [[Noam Chomsky]] ya yaba a matsayin littafi &quot;dangane da gogewar sirri da kuma shiga cikin rugujewa mai ma'ana, tare da karatu mai zurfi daga litattafai zuwa sabon mafarki na basirar wucin gadi&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;zero-books.net&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Advancing Conversations: Srećko Horvat - Subversion! -- Zero Books -- Book Info |url=http://www.zero-books.net/books/advancing-conversations-srecko-horvat |website=www.zero-books.net |access-date=2025-02-22 |archive-date=2019-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724022816/http://www.zero-books.net/books/advancing-conversations-srecko-horvat |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Chomsky, &quot;Horvat yana jagorantar mu zuwa yawon shakatawa na guguwa na cututtuka da rashin jin daɗi na wayewar zamani da kuma hanyoyi masu yawa don gyara abin da ba daidai ba da kuma cimma kyakkyawar makoma&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;zero-books.net&quot; /&gt;

== Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Falsafa ==
A cikin 2014, Horvat ya ƙaddamar da wani aikin da ake kira Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Falsafa ( ''Filozofski Teatar'' ) a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Croatian a Zagreb. Tushen manufar shine sake kafa dangantaka ta kud da kut tsakanin falsafa da wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=52. Bitef {{!}} PHILOSOPHICAL THEATRE {{!}} Side program |url=https://festival.bitef.rs/Side-program/734/Philosophical-theatre.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107054300/https://festival.bitef.rs/Side-program/734/Philosophical-theatre.shtml |archive-date=7 November 2018 |website=festival.bitef.rs}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shiri ne na wata-wata na muhawarar jama'a tare da masu tunani da masu fasaha. Bakinsa sun hada da MIA ., Vanessa Redgrave, Margarethe von Trotta, Adam Curtis, Herta Müller, Hito Steyerl, Mladen Dolar, Julia Kristeva, Eva Illouz, Tariq Ali, Bobby Gillespie, Thomas Piketty da sauransu. A cewar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Croatian, yawan baƙi na shirin daga 2014 zuwa 2018 ya kusan 20,000. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Filozofski teatar |url=https://www.hnk.hr/hr/filozofski-teatar/ |website=HNK |access-date=2025-02-22 |archive-date=2022-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210080333/https://www.hnk.hr/hr/filozofski-teatar/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Soke shirin talabijin na ''Sane Society'' ==
A cikin 2013, Horvat ya kasance mai watsa shiri da kuma marubucin wani wasan kwaikwayo na TV mai hankali a gidan Talabijin na Croatian da ake kira ''Zdravo Društvo'' ( ''Sane Society'' ) wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya sake fasalin al'adun Balkan kuma ya karbi bakuncin masu ilimi da yawa kamar Renata Salecl, Rade Šerbedžija, Andrej Nikolaidis da Viktor Ivančić, da sauransu. A hukumance, hukumar ta soke ta saboda &quot;matakan tsuke bakin aljihu&quot;. Duk da haka, marubucin Bosnia Miljenko Jergović ya rubuta cewa mai yiwuwa ba za a cire wasan kwaikwayon na TV ba idan ba don wani ra'ayi ba Horvat ya rubuta a cikin ''[[The Guardian]]'' wanda ya soki kuri'ar raba gardama game da auren lu'u-lu'u da kuma gabaɗaya motsi na al'ummar Croatia a cikin al'adu masu ra'ayin mazan jiya idan ba al'ada ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;Croatia gay marriage vote&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Horvat |first=Srećko |date=4 December 2013 |title=Croatia's vote forbidding gay marriage: a sign of the rotten heart of Europe |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/04/croatia-gay-marriage-vote-europe-rotten-heart |access-date=21 March 2014 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jergović ya rubuta: &quot;Idan da ya rubuta shi a cikin 1942 da ya ƙare a sansanin taro na Jasenovac . Idan ya rubuta shi a 1972 zai ƙare a kurkukun Lepoglava . Amma a cikin 2014 kawai ya rasa wasan kwaikwayo na TV saboda ya rubuta gaskiya game da Croatia &quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cinizam Gorana Radmana protivan je zdravom društvu |url=http://www.jergovic.com/sumnjivo-lice/cinizam-gorana-radmana-protivan-je-zdravom-drustvu/ |access-date=18 January 2023 |website=www.jergovic.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Littafi Mai Tsarki ==

* ''Menene Turai ke so?'' ''Kungiyar da Abubuwan da ke ciki'' (tare da Slavoj Žižek ), Littattafai Istros, 2013 
* ''Barka da zuwa Hamada na Postsocialism'' (tare da Igor Štiks), Verso, 2014
* ''Tsare-tsare na Soyayya'', Jaridar Siyasa, 2015
* ''Zazzagewa!'' , Littafin Zero, 2017
* ''Shayari daga Gaba'', Penguin, 2019
* ''Bayan Apocalypse'', Siyasa Press, 2021

* &quot;Sauvons-nous de nos sauveurs&quot;, Éditions Lignes, 2013

* ''Nach dem Ende der Geschichte'' Laika-Verlag, Hamburg, 2013
* ''Europa zai kasance?'' ''- Yi la'akari da Rettern'' (tare da Slavoj Žižek ) Laika-Verlag, Hamburg, 2013

=== A cikin Croatian ===

* ''Znakovi postmodernog grada'' Jesenski da Turk, Zagreb, 2007
* ''Siyasa mai fa'ida.'' ''Od Kramera do Laibacha, i natrag'' , Biblioteka XX. Vek, Beograd, 2007.
* ''Abubuwan da suka dace da'' Svijet distopijskog filma, HFS, Zagreb, 2008
* ''Totalitarizam danas'' Antibarbarus, Zagreb, 2008
* ''Diskurs teorizma'' AGM, Zagreb, 2008
* ''Ljubav za ta buga'' Naklada Ljevak, Zagreb, 2009
* ''Pravo na pobunu'' (tare da Igor Štiks), Fraktura, Zagreb, 2010
* ''Pažnja!'' ''Neprijatelj prisluškuje'' Naklada Ljevak, Zagreb, 2011
* ''Menene Europa?'' (tare da Slavoj Žižek ), Algoritam, Zagreb, 2013

=== A cikin Mutanen Espanya ===

* &quot;El Sur pide la palabra. El futuro de una Europa en rikicin&quot; (con Slavoj Žižek ), Libros Del Lince (2014)
* &quot;La radicalidad del amor&quot;, Katakrak, Pamplona (2016) 
* &quot;El discurso del ta'addanci&quot;, Katakrak, Pamplona (2017) 
* &quot;¡Subversión! Conversaciones da Srećko Horvat&quot; (con Alfie Bown), Katakrak, Pamplona (2019) 
* &quot;Poesía del futuro&quot;, Paidós, Barcelona (2020)
* &quot;¡Todo debe cambiar!&quot; (con Renata Ávila), Rayo Verde Editorial (2021)
* &quot;Después del apocalipsis&quot;, Katakrak, Pamplona (2021) 

* [https://monthlyreview.org/2012/03/01/welcome-to-the-desert-of-transition &quot;Barka da zuwa Hamadar Canji&quot;], Bita na kowane wata, Maris 2012
* [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jul/01/croatia-latest-member-eu-periphery &quot;Croatia - sabuwar memba na EU&quot;], The Guardian, Yuli 2013
* [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/04/croatia-gay-marriage-vote-europe-rotten-heart &quot;Croatia - alamar ruɓaɓɓen zuciyar Turai], The Guardian, Disamba 2013
* [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/16/ukraine-lenin-statues-rejection-russia-eu &quot;Mutunen Lenin na Ukraine da suka fadi&quot;], The Guardian, Maris 2014
* [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/15/first-world-war-gavrilo-princip-terrorist-freedom-fighter-revisionism &quot;Yaƙin Duniya na Farko: Shin Gavrilo Princip ɗan ta'adda ne ko mai gwagwarmayar 'yanci?&quot;], The Guardian, Afrilu 2014
* [http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/02/why-are-balkans-boiling-again-201421291050358518.html &quot;Me yasa Balkans suke tafasa kuma?&quot;], Al Jazeera, Fabrairu 2014
* [http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/01/it-libidinal-economy-stupid-201411991730302886.html &quot;Yana da Libidinal Economy, wawa!&quot;], Al Jazeera, Janairu 2014
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/19/opinion/godot-arrives-in-sarajevo.html?_r=0 &quot;Godot ya isa Sarajevo&quot;], The New York Times, Fabrairu 2014
* [https://www.neme.org/texts/the-future-is-here &quot;Makoma Yana nan&quot;], NeMe, Janairu 2011

== Manazarta ==

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      <text bytes="6711" sha1="cv2q8z9flwj4d785y1q9geudkde8ob6" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''Stephen Adolphe Wurm''' (An haife shi 19 ga watan Agusta, 1922 – 24 ga watan Oktoban 2001) masanin harshen kasar Austaraliya ne, haifaffen ɗan ƙasar [[Hungariya|Hungaria]].

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Wurm a Budapest, yaro na biyu ga Adolphe Wurm mai magana da Jamusanci da Anna Novroczky mai magana da Hungarian. An yi masa baftisma Istvan Adolphe Wurm. Mahaifinsa ya mutu kafin a haifi Stephen.

Iyayensa biyu suna da harsuna da yawa, kuma Wurm ya nuna sha'awar harsuna tun yana ƙarami. Ya halarci makaranta a Vienna kuma ya yi tafiya zuwa dukkan sassan Turai a lokacin yaro, Wurm ya yi kusan harsuna tara a lokacin da ya kai girma, kyautar da ya gaji daga mahaifinsa, wanda ya yi magana 17. Wurm ya ci gaba da sanin akalla harsuna 50.

== Ayyuka ==
Wurm ya girma ba tare da wata ƙasa ba, ba zai iya ɗaukar ƙasar ko dai iyayensa ko ƙasar da yake zaune ba, Austria. Wannan ya ba shi damar kauce wa aikin soja kuma ya halarci jami'a. Ya yi nazarin Harsunan Turkic a Cibiyar Gabas ta Tsakiya a Vienna, inda ya sami digirin digirinsa a fannin ilimin harshe da ilimin zamantakewar al'umma a shekarar 1944 don yin rubutu a kan Uzbek.

A shekara ta 1946, ya auri abokin karatunsa Helen Groger-Wurm, ƙwararre a fannin ilimin Afirka. Ya koyar da ilimin harshe na Altaic a Jami'ar Vienna har zuwa 1951.

Bayan karanta wasu ayyukan Sidney Herbert Ray, Wurm ya zama mai sha'awar yarukan Papuan kuma ya fara rubutu tare da Arthur Capell, malami a ilimin harshe a Jami'ar Sydney. Wurm ya fara koyar da kansa Tok Pisin da Hiri Motu daga littattafai kuma ya ɗauki matsayi a London.

A shekara ta 1954, Wurms sun koma Ostiraliya, inda Capell ya shirya wa Wurm wani matsayi a Sashen Anthropology a Jami'ar Sydney. A shekara ta 1957, Wurms sun koma [[Kanberra|Canberra]], inda Stephen ya ɗauki matsayi a matsayin Babban Fellow a cikin Makarantar Bincike ta Pacific da Nazarin Asiya (RSPAS, yanzu Makarantar Coral Bell ta Harkokin Asiya Pacific) a sabuwar Jami'ar Kasa ta Australia (ANU). A wannan shekarar, Wurms sun sami 'yancin Australiya. Tun daga wannan lokacin, babban abin da aka mayar da hankali ga binciken Wurm shine nazarin harsunan New Guinea, amma kuma ya gudanar da bincike kan Harsunan Aboriginal na Australiya da yawa.

A Jami'ar Kasa ta Australia, ya kasance Farfesa na Harshe daga 1968 zuwa 1987. 

== Daraja da karbuwa ==
An zabi Wurm a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Jama'a a Ostiraliya a 1976 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Emeritus Professor Stephen Wurm AM |url=https://socialsciences.org.au/academy-fellow/?sId=0032v000033l9YpAAI |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma Kwalejin Humanities ta Australiya a 1977. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Stephen Adolphe Wurm (1922–2001) |url=https://humanities.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/AAH-Obit-Wurm-2001.pdf |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=Australian Academy of the Humanities |archive-date=2023-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124224256/https://humanities.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/AAH-Obit-Wurm-2001.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; An nada shi memba na Order of Australia a cikin girmamawar ranar haihuwar Sarauniya ta 1987, don &quot;hidima ga ilimi, musamman a fagen ilimin harshe&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Professor Stephen Adolphe WURM |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/881529 |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=Australian Honours Search Facility}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyauta ==
Don girmamawa ga ilimin mutumin, mujallar Oceanic Linguistics ta lakafta wani labarin a kan Wurm &quot;Linguist Extraordinaire&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pawley |first=Andrew |author-link=Andrew Pawley |date=2002 |title=Stephen Wurm, 1922–2001: Linguist Extraordinaire |journal=[[Oceanic Linguistics]] |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1353/ol.2002.0026 |jstor=3623325 |s2cid=144577922}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Don nuna godiya ga gudummawar da Wurm ya bayar, an kaddamar da kyautar Stephen Wurm Graduate Prize for Pacific Linguistic Studies a shekara ta 2008. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 October 2014 |title=Stephen Wurm Graduate Prize for Pacific Linguistic Studies |url=http://www.anu.edu.au/students/program-administration/prizes/stephen-wurm-graduate-prize-for-pacific-linguistic-studies |access-date=25 May 2018 |website=Australian National University}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan littattafai == 
** Wurm, S.A. edita. ''Harsunan yankin New Guinea da nazarin harshe, Vol. 1, Harsunan Papua da yanayin harshe na New Guinea''. C-38. 1975.  {{Doi|10.15144/PL-C38}}[[Doi (identifier)|ya kamata a yi amfani da shi]]&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;[[doi:10.15144/PL-C38|10.15144/PL-C38]]
** Wurm, S.A. edita. ''Harsunan yankin New Guinea da nazarin harshe, Vol. 2, Harsunan Austronesian''. C-39. 1976.  {{Doi|10.15144/PL-C39}}[[Doi (identifier)|ya kamata a yi amfani da shi]]&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;[[doi:10.15144/PL-C39|10.15144/PL-C39]]
** Wurm, S.A. edita. ''Harsunan yankin New Guinea da nazarin harshe, Vol. 3, Harshe, al'adu, al'umma, da duniyar zamani''. C-40. 1977.  {{Doi|10.15144/PL-C40}}[[Doi (identifier)|ya kamata a yi amfani da shi]]&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;[[doi:10.15144/PL-C40|10.15144/PL-C40]]
* Wurm, SA da Laycock, DC editoci. ''Nazarin harshe na Pacific don girmama Arthur Capell'' . C-13, xii + 1303 shafuka. Pacific Linguistics, Jami'ar Kasa ta Australia, 1970.  {{Doi|10.15144/PL-C13}}[[Doi (identifier)|ya kamata a yi amfani da shi]]&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;[[doi:10.15144/PL-C13|10.15144/PL-C13]]
* Wurm, SA &quot;Babi na 6: Iyali na Harshen Kiwaian&quot;. A cikin Franklin, K. edita, ''Yanayin harshe a cikin Gundumar Gulf da yankunan da ke kusa, Papua New Guinea''. C-26:217-260. Pacific Linguistics, Jami'ar Kasa ta Australia, 1973.  {{Doi|10.15144/PL-C26.217}}[[Doi (identifier)|ya kamata a yi amfani da shi]]&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;[[doi:10.15144/PL-C26.217|10.15144/PL-C26.217]]
* Wurm, S.A. edita. ''Nazarin harshe na Australiya''. C-54, xvi + shafuka 770. Pacific Linguistics, Jami'ar Kasa ta Australia, 1979.  {{Doi|10.15144/PL-C54}}[[Doi (identifier)|ya kamata a yi amfani da shi]]&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;[[doi:10.15144/PL-C54|10.15144/PL-C54]]
* Wurm, SA ''Harsuna: Gabas, Yamma, da Kudancin Highlands, Yankin Papua da New Guinea''. D-4, + shafuka 1,000. Pacific Linguistics, Jami'ar Kasa ta Australia, 1961.
* Wurm, S.A. edita. ''Taswirar harshe na lardunan tsaunuka'', Papua New Guinea. D-11, iv + shafuka 24. Pacific Linguistics, Jami'ar Kasa ta Australia, 1978.  {{Doi|10.15144/PL-D11}}[[Doi (identifier)|ya kamata a yi amfani da shi]]&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;[[doi:10.15144/PL-D11|10.15144/PL-D11]]
* Wurm, S.A. edita. ''Wasu Harsunan da ke cikin Hadari na Papua New Guinea: Kaki Ae, Musom, da Aribwatsa'' . D-89, vi + shafuka 183. Pacific Linguistics, Jami'ar Kasa ta Australia, 1997.

== Manazarta ==
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{{Databox}}
Anna Rudolf (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1987) 'yar wasan ƙwllon kafa ce ta [[Hungariya|Hungary]], mai sharhi, mai ba da labari, kuma mai ba da YouTuber wanda ke riƙe da lakabi na Master na Duniya (IM) da Woman Grandmaster (WGM). Ta kasance zakara ta mata ta Hungary sau uku kuma ta wakilci Hungary a gasar Chess Olympiad da kuma gasar zakarun Turai. Tana da matsayi mafi girma na FIDE na 2393 da kuma matsayi mafi kyau na No. 71 a duniya tsakanin mata.

Rudolf ta fara wasa da ƙanwarta Kata lokacin da take 'yar shekara huɗu. Sun yi nasara tun suna ƙanana, dukansu sun cancanci gasar zakarun matasa ta duniya, inda Rudolf ya gama a saman 10 na ƙungiyar 'yan mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 12 a 1999. A Hungary, ta zama zakara ta kasa ta mata sau uku, sau ɗaya kowannensu a matakin matasa na kasa da shekaru 12 da na kasa da shekara 16 da kuma matakin matasa na ƙasa da shekaru 20. A babban matakin, Rudolf ta cancanci taken Grandmaster na Mata a 2007 lokacin da ta kai matsayi na 2300 kuma ta sami ka'idoji WGM guda uku, gami da ka'idoji biyu a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta Mata, duk tana da shekaru 19.

Rudolf ba ta cancanci taken Master na Duniya ba har sai shekaru bakwai bayan haka a cikin 2014, bayan da ta sami ƙa'idodin IM guda uku a cikin 2007, 2010, da 2014, kuma ta ɗan kai ƙofar ƙimar 2400 a cikin 2010. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun sakamakon gasar ta zo ne a Vandœuvre Open na 2007 inda ta sami mafi kyawun aikin aiki na 2541 kuma ta sami ma'auni na WGM na ƙarshe da na IM na farko. A cikin aikinta, ta kayar da Grandmasters biyu (GM) da aka kiyasta sama da 2600, Yaroslav Zherebukh da Christian Bauer, waɗanda ke da ƙididdigar 2642 da 2634 a lokacin wasanninsu.

A waje da aikinta na wasa, Rudolf mai sharhi ne na yau da kullun a manyan gasa, bayan ta yi aiki tare da Chess.com da chess24. Ta kasance mai sharhi na hukuma don Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2018 tare da gunkin yarinta Judit Polgár . Ta fara samar da bidiyon koyarwa don chess24 a cikin 2013, kuma ta shirya jerin tare da ɗan'uwanta na IM Sopiko Guramishvili inda aka san su da ''Miss Strategy'' da ''Miss Tactics'' . Tun daga shekara ta 2017, Rudolf ba ta buga kowane gasa na wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba kuma ta mai da hankali kan aikinta na watsa shirye-shirye. Ta ƙaddamar da tashar Twitch nata a cikin 2018 kuma tana gudanar da tashar YouTube nata.

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Rudolf a Miskolc, wanda a lokacin yake a Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Hungary, a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 1987. Ta girma a Bátaszék kuma tana da ƙaramar 'yar'uwa mai suna Kata . &lt;ref name=&quot;chess24-profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Anna Rudolf |url=https://chess24.com/en/read/players/anna-rudolf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917183714/https://chess24.com/en/read/players/anna-rudolf |archive-date=17 September 2018 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=chess24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinta, László Rudolf, ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne tare da ƙimar FIDE ta 2185.&lt;ref name=&quot;father-olimpbase&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rudolf, Laszlo |url=https://www.olimpbase.org/Elo/player/Rudolf,%20Laszlo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029191353/https://www.olimpbase.org/Elo/player/Rudolf,%20Laszlo.html |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=23 February 2021 |website=Olimpbase}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kuma kasance zakaran duniya na hexagonal chess.&lt;ref name=&quot;2008-interview&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sellier |first=Frederic |date=7 February 2008 |title=I want to be a member of the Hungarian Olympics Chess Team |url=http://interviews.chessdom.com/anna-rudolf-cappelle-la-grande |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220214037/http://interviews.chessdom.com/anna-rudolf-cappelle-la-grande |archive-date=20 February 2021 |access-date=23 February 2021 |website=Chessdom}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Main events Hexagonal Chess 1983–1998 |url=https://www.chessvariants.com/hexagonal.dir/glinski/history2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121085801/https://www.chessvariants.com/hexagonal.dir/glinski/history2.html |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=23 February 2021 |website=Chess Variants}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rudolf ta koyi yadda za a yi wasan chess tun tana 'yar'uwarta ta hanyar wasan kwamfuta na Battle Chess, wanda ke bin ka'idoji iri ɗaya kamar chess yayin da yake motsawa da kuma kamawa ta hanyar mutum. &lt;ref name=&quot;chess24-profile&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;2008-interview&quot; /&gt; A lokacin da take da shekaru tara, ta ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai don kayar da Grandmaster na Hungary (GM) Lajos Portisch a matsayin mai halarta a cikin baje kolin lokaci guda.

While growing up, Rudolf was coached by Béla Molnár.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Copeland |first=Sam |date=5 February 2020 |title=Coach Of The Month: CM Gabor Horvath |url=https://www.chess.com/article/view/chess-coach-month-gabor-horvath |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306154140/https://www.chess.com/article/view/chess-coach-month-gabor-horvath |archive-date=6 March 2021 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=Chess.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; She won the under-12 girls' division of an international youth chess tournament in Visegrád in 1998,{{Efn|The tournament is named ''Nemzetközi Gyermekverseny''.}} while her sister won the under-10 girls' division. They had both finished runner-up one age group lower a year earlier. Rudolf won the under-12 girls' division of the Hungarian national championship in 1999, the same year her sister won the under-10 girls' division. With these victories, they both qualified for the European Youth and World Youth Chess Championships. Rudolf finished in equal ninth place out of 66 competitors in the under-12 girls' division at the 1999 World Youth Chess Championship with a score of {{Abbr|7/11|7 points in 11 games}}, three {{Abbr|points|A win is 1 point, a draw is a ½ point, and a loss is 0 points}} behind the winner Nana Dzagnidze.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Crowther |first=Mark |date=8 November 1999 |title=This Week in Chess 261: 8th November 1999 |url=https://theweekinchess.com/html/twic261.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018185613/https://theweekinchess.com/html/twic261.html |archive-date=18 October 2020 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=This Week in Chess}}&lt;/ref&gt; She later studied Russian and English at the University of Pécs.&lt;ref name=&quot;chess24-profile&quot;/&gt;

Gunkin yarinta na Rudolf shine ɗan ƙasarsu Judit Polgár, wanda aka san shi da yawa a matsayin mafi girman 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a kowane lokaci. Ta sami damar yin wasa da Polgár tana da shekaru 11 lokacin da ta yi tafiya zuwa [[Budapest]] don shiga cikin baje kolin lokaci guda da Polgàr ya bayar. Daga baya ta zama abokai masu kyau tare da Polgár, tana taimakawa wajen inganta bikin Chess na Duniya na shekara-shekara wanda Polgár ya fara, kuma biyun sun yi sharhi game da Gasar Chess ta Duniya ta 2018 tare.&lt;ref name=&quot;judit&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Beck |first=Julie |date=13 September 2019 |title=Befriending the Queen of Chess |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2019/09/female-chess-masters-talk-sexism-and-friendship/598003/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117074728/https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2019/09/female-chess-masters-talk-sexism-and-friendship/598003/ |archive-date=17 January 2021 |access-date=4 April 2021 |website=The Atlantic}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan Chess ==

=== 2000-03: Gasar zakarun kasa da shekaru 16 ===
Rudolf ya fara kaiwa darajar FIDE sama da 2000 a watan Janairun 2000 yana da shekaru 12, bayan an kiyasta shi 2087 a wannan jerin.&lt;ref name=&quot;fide-rating&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Anna Rudolf Rating Progress Chart |url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/722855/chart |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029191351/https://ratings.fide.com/profile/722855/chart |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=FIDE}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Anna Rudolf |url=https://www.olimpbase.org/Elo/player/Rudolf,%20Anna.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029191352/https://www.olimpbase.org/Elo/player/Rudolf,%20Anna.html |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=Olimpbase}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta tashi zuwa darajar 2100 a tsakiyar shekara ta 2002 tana da shekaru 14 galibi daga matsayi na biyu a gasar farko ta Asabar FM B a [[Budapest]] da kuma gasar zakarun 'yan mata na Hungary na kasa da shekaru 20 a Paks . &lt;ref name=&quot;fide-rating&quot; /&gt; Ta zira kwallaye 4/8 a Budapest a fagen masu fafatawa shida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Anna Rudolf Standard Ratings April 2002 |url=https://ratings.fide.com/calculations.phtml?id_number=722855&amp;period=2002-04-01&amp;rating=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029191403/https://ratings.fide.com/calculations.phtml?id_number=722855&amp;period=2002-04-01&amp;rating=0 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=FIDE}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2002 First Saturday FM B |url=https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=21350&amp;t=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029191352/https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=21350&amp;t=0 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=FIDE}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta zira kwallaye 6/9 a Paks, kawai a bayan Lili Tóth.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2002 Hun Junior Ch. Girls Open |url=https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=21558&amp;t=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029191359/https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=21558&amp;t=0 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=FIDE}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kodayake ta zira kwallaye 31⁄2/8 ne kawai a kan abokan hamayyarta a Pula Open a Croatia a watan da ya biyo baya, ta kuma sami maki 25 a can.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=16th Intl Pula 2002 Open |url=https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=21879&amp;t=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029191353/https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=21879&amp;t=0 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=FIDE}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rudolf ya sake tashi da maki 100 a shekara mai zuwa, ya kai 2200 a watan Yulin 2003 yana da shekaru 15.&lt;ref name=&quot;fide-rating&quot; /&gt; Ayyukanta mafi kyau a wannan lokacin sun zo ne a Zalakaros Cup Open a watan Mayu, inda ta zira kwallaye 51⁄2/9 a kan abokan adawar tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin matsayi na 2304 don samun maki 45.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2003 XXI. Zalakaros Cup Open |url=https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=24468&amp;t=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029191358/https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=24468&amp;t=0 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=FIDE}}&lt;/ref&gt; A rabi na biyu na shekara, Rudolf tana da daya daga cikin nasarorin da ta samu a gasa ta kasa da kasa. Na farko, ta lashe gasar zakarun 'yan mata na Hungary na kasa da shekaru 16 tare da 51⁄2/6, wanda ba a ci nasara ba, wanda ya kasance maki 11⁄2 a gaban matsayi na biyu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2003 Indv. Nat. Champ. Girls U16 |url=https://ratings.fide.com/tournament_information.phtml?event=25665 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029191405/https://ratings.fide.com/tournament_information.phtml?event=25665 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=FIDE}}&lt;/ref&gt; Watanni da yawa bayan haka, ta shiga ƙungiyar 'yan mata 'yan kasa da shekara 16 a Gasar Matasa ta Duniya a Kallithea a Girka kuma ta gama daidai ta huɗu tare da ci 71⁄2/11, maki ɗaya a bayan shugabannin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=World Youth Chess Championship 2003 – Girls 16 |url=http://chess-results.com/tnr1381.aspx?lan=1&amp;art=1&amp;turdet=YES |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029191353/http://chess-results.com/tnr1381.aspx?lan=1&amp;art=1&amp;turdet=YES |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=Chess Results}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2004-07: Junior kasa zakara, WIM da WGM titles ===
Rudolf ya ci gaba da daidaitawa na kusan 2200 na tsawon shekaru uku daga tsakiyar 2003 har zuwa tsakiyar 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;fide-rating&quot;/&gt; A gasar zakarun 'yan mata na Hungary na kasa da shekaru 20, ta kammala a matsayi na uku a karo na biyu a jere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hun Junior Ch. Girls 2003 |url=https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=24781&amp;t=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029191416/https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=24781&amp;t=0 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=FIDE}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2004 Hun Junior Ch. U20 Girls |url=https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=28075&amp;t=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029191358/https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=28075&amp;t=0 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=FIDE}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta buga wasan kasa da shekaru 18 a shekara mai zuwa a shekara ta 2005, kuma ta gama a matsayi na uku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2005 Hun Nat. Ch. Girls U-18 |url=https://ratings.fide.com/tournament_information.phtml?event=32142 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=FIDE}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekara ta 2005, an ba Rudolf lambar yabo ta Woman International Master (WIM). &lt;ref name=&quot;fide-profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Anna Rudolf |url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/722855 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121035243/https://ratings.fide.com/profile/722855 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=FIDE}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ci gaba da tashi a cikin darajar a babban bangare daga wani aiki mai karfi a Zalakaros, inda ta zira kwallaye 41⁄2/9 a kan abokan adawar da ke da matsakaicin matsakaicin darajar 2387 don samun maki 32.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2006 Zalakaros Open A |url=https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=38762&amp;t=0 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=FIDE}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rudolf ya rufe shekara tare da kyakkyawan aiki a Gasar Junior Chess ta Duniya a [[Yerevan]] a [[Armeniya|Armenia]], inda ya zira kwallaye 81⁄2/13 a cikin ƙungiyar 'yan mata don kammala a daidai na biyar, kawai 1⁄2 maki a bayan shugabannin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=World Girls U20 Chess Championship 2006 |url=https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=4607&amp;t=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029191606/https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=4607&amp;t=0 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=FIDE}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta gama shekara ta 2006 tare da darajar 2279, bayan ta cika shekaru 19.&lt;ref name=&quot;fide-rating&quot; /&gt;

A cikin shekara ta 2007, Rudolf ta cika duka al'amuran da ake buƙata don taken Woman Grandmaster (WGM). &lt;ref name=&quot;fide-rating&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wgm-application&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2nd quarter Presidential Board, 18-21 March 2008 Istanbul TUR; Woman Grandmaster (WGM): Anna Rudolf |url=https://ratings.fide.com/title_applications.phtml?details=1&amp;id=722855&amp;title=WGM&amp;pb=19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029191606/https://ratings.fide.com/title_applications.phtml?details=1&amp;id=722855&amp;title=WGM&amp;pb=19&amp;reff=0 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=FIDE}}&lt;/ref&gt; A farkon shekara, Rudolf ya lashe gasar zakarun 'yan mata na Hungary na kasa da shekaru 20, inda ya zira kwallaye 11⁄2 a gaban matsayi na biyu tare da 8/9 kuma ya sami isasshen ƙimar don ƙetare 2300, ƙofar taken WGM.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2007 Hungarian Junior Championship Girls |url=https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=6570&amp;t=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029191606/https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=6570&amp;t=0 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=FIDE}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Afrilu, ta sami ka'idodinta na farko na WGM a matsayin ka'ida sau biyu a gasar zakarun mata ta Turai, inda ta zira kwallaye 61⁄2/11.{{Efn|FIDE regulations have allowed WGM norms at women's continental championships to count as double norms if  a minimum of nine games were played.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Anna Rudolf WGM Title Application |url=https://ratings.fide.com/crt/main3616.doc |website=FIDE |access-date=24 February 2021 |archive-date=26 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326102803/http://ratings.fide.com/crt/main3616.doc |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}  Bayan mummunar aiki a Gasar Junior Chess ta Duniya a Yerevan inda ta rasa maki 51 tare da 5/11, &lt;ref name=&quot;wgm-application&quot; /&gt; Rudolf ta samar da mafi kyawun sakamako na aikinta ta hanyar ƙimar wasan kwaikwayon a 2007 Vandœuvre Open a ƙarshen Disamba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2007 World U20 Girls Championsh. |url=https://ratings.fide.com/calculations.phtml?id_number=722855&amp;period=2008-01-01&amp;rating=0 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=FIDE}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;im-application&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1st quarter Presidential Board Meeting, 26-29 April 2015, Chengdu, CHN; International Master (IM): Anna Rudolf |url=https://ratings.fide.com/title_applications.phtml?details=1&amp;id=722855&amp;title=IM&amp;pb=42 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=FIDE |archive-date=23 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923145126/https://ratings.fide.com/title_applications.phtml?details=1&amp;id=722855&amp;title=IM&amp;pb=42 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta lashe zagaye na farko na hudu na taron, ciki har da nasarorin da ta samu a kan Christian Bauer da Cyril Marzolo, wanda tsohon shine mafi girma da GM mai daraja 2634, kuma na ƙarshe shine IM mai daraja 2478. Bayan da ta yi rashin nasara ga wanda ya lashe gasar Thorsten-Michael Haub, ta lashe wasan na biyar da Vera Nebolsina kuma ta gama a matsayi na tara tare da 6/9. Ta fuskanci adawa mafi wuya a gasar tare da abokan hamayyarta da ke da matsakaicin matsayi na 2421. Ta ɓata damar da za ta gama daidai da farko ta hanyar rasa wasan karshe, wanda ta buƙaci cin nasara, a kan Ilmārs Starostyta.&lt;ref name=&quot;april-2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Anna Rudolf Standard Ratings April 2008 |url=https://ratings.fide.com/calculations.phtml?id_number=722855&amp;period=2008-04-01&amp;rating=0 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=FIDE}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Vandoeuvre&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=4e Open International 2007 |url=https://ratings.fide.com/report.phtml?event=11494&amp;t=0 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=FIDE}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gasar ta zama cikin rikice-rikice lokacin da 'yan wasan Latvia uku (Starostyta, Oleg Krivonosov, da Vladimir Lazarev) suka zargi Rudolf da yaudara ta hanyar ɓoye kwamfuta a cikin bakinta.&lt;ref name=&quot;bauer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=McClain |first=Dylan Loeb |date=13 January 2008 |title=Latvians Say Foe Got Signals From Her Tube of Lip Balm |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/13/crosswords/chess/13chess.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627072347/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/13/crosswords/chess/13chess.html |archive-date=27 June 2018 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Starytaost musamman ya nemi mai yanke hukunci ya kwace kayanta kuma ya ki ya girgiza hannunta kafin wasan su, wani mataki wanda za a iya hukunta shi. Marie Boyarchenko, wani dan wasa a taron, ya yi imanin cewa waɗannan ayyukan sune mahimman abubuwan da suka sa Rudolf ya rasa wannan wasan na karshe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 January 2008 |title=Ugly story at Vandoeuvre Open: false accusations, refusal of shaking hands, and ridiculous behavior by players |url=http://www.chessdom.com/news/anna-rudolf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305182107/http://www.chessdom.com/news/anna-rudolf |archive-date=5 March 2008 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=Chessdom}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gabaɗaya, Rudolf ta tattara ƙimar wasan kwaikwayon 2541, na biyu kawai ga mai nasara Haub kuma ya isa ga duka ma'auni na karshe na WGM da kuma ma'aunin IM na farko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Open International de Vandoeuvre |url=https://vandoeuvre-echecs.com/tournois.php?type=grille |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323102900/https://vandoeuvre-echecs.com/tournois.php?type=grille |archive-date=23 March 2008 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=Vandoeuvre Echecs}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Boyarchenko |first=Marie |date=4 January 2008 |title=Vandoeuvre Open |url=http://reports.chessdom.com/vandoeuvre-open |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208070341/http://reports.chessdom.com/vandoeuvre-open |archive-date=8 February 2008 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=Chessdom}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba ta lambar yabo ta WGM a hukumance a shekara ta 2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;fide-profile&quot;/&gt;
==Manazarta==
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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    <title>Takashi Yamazaki</title>
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{{databox}}
Takashi Yamazaki (山崎貴, Yamazaki Takashi, an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1964)kuma shi ɗan fim ne na Japan kuma mai kula da abubuwan gani. An san shi da manyan fina-finai da ke nuna tasirin gani na gaba, an dauke shi jagora a masana'antar fina-falla ta Japan.&lt;ref name=&quot;SciFi Japan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Keith |title=GODZILLA MINUS ONE Official Press Release, Trailers and Teaser Posters -- Direct From Toho! North American Theatrical Release December 1! |url=https://www.scifijapan.com/godzilla-toho/godzilla-2023 |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=SciFi Japan |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yamazaki ta sami kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da [[Gasar Oscar|Kyautar Kwalejin]], [[Japan Academy Film Prize|Kyautar Kwalejin Japan]] guda takwas, [[Nikkan Sports Film Award|Kyautar Fim ta ''Wasanni na Nikkan'']] guda biyar, Kyautar Filimi ta Hochi guda biyu, da Kyautar Fasaha ta Asiya. Fim dinsa sun tara sama da dala miliyan 523 a duk duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Takashi Yamazaki |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/person/608360401-Takashi-Yamazaki |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |archive-date=December 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208061546/https://www.the-numbers.com/person/608360401-Takashi-Yamazaki |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yamazaki ya sami aiki a wuraren gani da kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Shirogumi a shekarar 1986, kuma ya kasance a can a duk lokacin da yake aiki. Abubuwan da ya fara zama darektan sune fina-finai na fiction na kimiyya Juvenile (2000) da Returner (2002), wanda ya zama sananne da &quot;Jafananci James Cameron&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2002-08-05 |title=『Returner リターナー』完成披露記者会見｜シネマトゥデイ |url=https://www.cinematoday.jp/page/A0000394 |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=シネマトゥデイ |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya ya sami ƙarin sanarwa a Japan ta hanyar ba da umarnin gyare-gyaren fina-finai na shahararrun wasan kwaikwayo, litattafai, da manga, gami da Always: Sunset on Third Street (2005), Space Battleship Yamato (2010), The Eternal Zero (2013), da Stand by Me Doraemon (2014); fina-fukkuna biyu na ƙarshe dukansu sun sami jimlar lambobin yabo tara a 38th Japan Academy Film Prize. Ayyukan Yamazaki daga baya sun ci gaba tare da ''Babban Yaƙin Archimedes'', Dragon Quest: Labarinku, ''Lupin III: Na Farko'' (duk 2019), da Tsaya ta Ni Doraemon 2 (2020).

Tarihin ''kaiju'' na 2023, ''[./&amp;#x3C;i&amp;#x20;id= Godzilla]''_Minus_One&quot; id=&quot;mwPQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Godzilla Minus One&quot;&gt;Godzilla Minus One, ya zama fim din Godzilla na Japan mafi nasara a kowane lokaci kuma daya daga cikin fina-finai mafi girma. Yamazaki da ƙungiyar abubuwan gani sun zama ma'aikatan Japan na farko da suka sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Tasirin Bayani. A cikin 2024, an haɗa Yamazaki a cikin jerin shekara-shekara na Gold House na 100 Mafi Tasirin Asiya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 1, 2024 |title=Keanu Reeves, Jung Kook, Hayao Miyazaki Among Gold House's A100 Honorees |url=https://variety.com/lists/gold-house-a100-honoree-list-2024/ |access-date=May 6, 2024 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A halin yanzu yana aiki a wani fim na ''Godzilla'' da kuma karon farko na Hollywood.

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Takashi Yamazaki a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1964, a Matsumoto, Nagano, &lt;ref name=&quot;SciFi Japan&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=【山崎貴】「永遠の０」こだわったリアリティー 映像効果の第一人者が大事にする&quot;重なり&quot; |url=https://www.zakzak.co.jp/people/news/20131220/peo1312200720000-n2.htm |access-date=September 18, 2023 |website={{Ill|ZAKZAK|ja|夕刊フジ}} |page=2 |language=ja-JP |archive-date=November 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103083637/https://www.zakzak.co.jp/people/news/20131220/peo1312200720000-n2.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ga Yoshisuke Yamazaki, mai yin burodi, &lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=映画監督 山崎貴の世界〜少年は夢を追い続ける〜 |url=https://datazoo.jp/n/%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E7%9B%A3%E7%9D%A3+%E5%B1%B1%E5%B4%8E%E8%B2%B4%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E3%80%9C%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E3%81%AF%E5%A4%A2%E3%82%92%E8%BF%BD%E3%81%84%E7%B6%9A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E3%80%9C/22500333 |access-date=May 28, 2024 |website=TVでた蔵 |language=ja |archive-date=May 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528204811/https://datazoo.jp/n/%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E7%9B%A3%E7%9D%A3+%E5%B1%B1%E5%B4%8E%E8%B2%B4%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E3%80%9C%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E3%81%AF%E5%A4%A2%E3%82%92%E8%BF%BD%E3%81%84%E7%B6%9A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E3%80%9C/22500333 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; da Kikuko &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=日本テレビ |title=山崎貴監督 特別展 監督の父母語る家族秘話「銭湯の後はフルーツ牛乳がお決まり」 29日まで松本市美術館で【長野・松本】｜テレビ信州NEWS NNN |url=https://news.ntv.co.jp/n/tsb/category/society/tsdedff82e8f8341ca9a1d476d8746d218 |access-date=May 28, 2024 |website=日テレNEWS NNN |language=ja-JP |archive-date=May 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528204815/https://news.ntv.co.jp/n/tsb/category/society/tsdedff82e8f8341ca9a1d476d8746d218 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; . A lokacin yarinta, Yamazaki ya yi tunani: &quot;Iyayina sun tayar da ni ta hanyar barin ni in yi abin da nake so kyauta. Ina tsammanin hakan ya tsara babban bangare na wanda nake a yau&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt; Har ila yau, yana da ƙaramar 'yar'uwa mai suna Satsuki .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=『ゴジラ-1.0』山崎貴監督、ZIP！に生出演 米・アカデミー賞「視覚効果賞」受賞の快挙に至った撮影エピソードの数々を明かす |url=https://www.entax.news/post/202403131545.html |access-date=May 28, 2024 |website=entax（エンタックス） |language=ja |archive-date=May 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528204812/https://www.entax.news/post/202403131545.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yamazaki an fara gabatar da shi ga fim ta hanyar &quot;Umbrella Program&quot; tun yana yaro; a cikin 2023 ya nuna cewa Ishirō Honda's ''Matango'' (1963) da King Kong vs. Godzilla (1962) na iya kasancewa daga cikin fina-finai na farko da ya taɓa gani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=November 24, 2023 |title=『ゴジラ-1.0』山崎貴監督 作りながら感じたゴジラ映画と神事 |url=https://xtrend.nikkei.com/atcl/contents/18/00581/00070/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129103244/https://xtrend.nikkei.com/atcl/contents/18/00581/00070/ |archive-date=November 29, 2023 |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=Nikkei xTREND |language=ja }}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayinda yake girma, Yamazaki ya rinjayi yin aiki a masana'antar fina-finai ta fina-fukkuna da fina-ffinai na Amurka kamar fina-fakkaatan kimiyya na Amurka na 1977 &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwcQ&quot;&gt;Star Wars&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; da Close Encounters of the Third Kind . &lt;ref name=&quot;SciFi Japan&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Frei |first=Vincent |date=2011-11-17 |title=SPACE BATTLESHIP YAMATO: Takashi Yamazaki - Director &amp; VFX Supervisor - Shirogumi |url=https://www.artofvfx.com/space-battleship-yamato-takashi-yamazaki-realisateur-superviseur-vfx-shirogumi/ |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=The Art of VFX |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya yi fim dinsa na farko a Fim din 8 mm tare da taimakon aboki a lokacin shekara ta uku a {{Interlanguage link|Matsumoto Shiritsu Shimizu Junior High School|ja|松本市立清水中学校}}  .&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=松本出身・山崎貴さん初監督の短編映画 ４３年ぶりに発見され上映会 {{!}} 地域の話題 {{!}} 株式会社市民タイムス |url=https://www.shimintimes.co.jp/news/2022/08/post-19070.php |access-date=September 18, 2023 |website=Shimin Times |language=ja |archive-date=December 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202124120/https://www.shimintimes.co.jp/news/2022/08/post-19070.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ɗan gajeren tarihin kimiyya na 1979, mai taken Glory, ya ɓace na tsawon shekaru 43 har sai an sake gano shi a 2022 kuma an nuna shi a garin darektan.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 August 2022 |title=スター・ウォーズに挑んだ中3の夏 山崎貴監督が撮った幻のフィルム |url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASQ8J4TPHQ8DUTIL00D.html |access-date=September 18, 2023 |website=[[The Asahi Shimbun]] |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==

=== 1984-1999: Farkon aiki ===
A shekara ta 1984, Yamazaki ya fara aiki a matsayin ƙaramin mai ginawa ga {{Interlanguage link|Tatsuo Shimamura|ja|島村達雄}} .&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=山崎 貴監督と40年来のメンバーでふり返る、デジタル映像制作黎明期からの歩み〜白組 調布スタジオ創設メンバー座談会 |url=https://cgworld.jp/article/202212-291-shirogumi.html |access-date=September 19, 2023 |website=CGWORLD.jp |language=ja}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://cgworld.jp/article/202212-291-shirogumi.html &quot;山崎 貴監督と40年来のメンバーでふり返る、デジタル映像制作黎明期からの歩み〜白組 調布スタジオ創設メンバー座談会&quot;]. ''CGWORLD.jp'' (in Japanese)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;September 19,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Asagaya na Fasaha da Zane  a shekarar 1986, ya zama ma'aikaci a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Shimamura da kayan aiki na musamman Shirogumi a Chōfu, [[Tokyo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SciFi Japan&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=【卒業生】特別展『映画監督 山崎貴の世界』をリポート｜デザインと美術の3年制専門学校／阿佐ヶ谷美術専門学校 -ASABI- |url=https://www.asabi.ac.jp/news/20230825/ |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=デザインと美術の3年制専門学校／阿佐ヶ谷美術専門学校 -ASABI- |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;/&gt;

Bayan ya yi aiki a kan jerin ''Eko Eko Azarak'' da Parasite Eve (1997), Yamazaki da tawagarsa a Shirogumi sun fara shirye-shiryen su a kan fasalin ''NUE''. Kungiyar ta kwashe shekaru biyu wajen shirya aikin tare da hadin gwiwar Robot Communications har ma sun tafi neman wuri a Ostiraliya. Yamazaki, wanda har yanzu yana jagorantar tasirin gani har zuwa tallace-tallace uku a kowane wata a wannan lokacin, ya kammala cewa fim din zai buƙaci ya kirkiro fim din a kan babban kasafin kuɗi na ¥ 2 biliyan, sama da matsakaicin kasafin kuɗi ya ¥ 100 miliyan da aka ba wa daraktocin farko. Don haka, shugaban Robot Shūji Abe ya yi la'akari da ''NUE'' mai tsada sosai kuma ya nemi Yamazaki ya cire shi kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya fara zama darektan sa na farko tare da ƙaramin sikelin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

=== 2000-2007: Abubuwan gudanarwa na farko da ci gaba ===
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya bar ''NUE'', Yamazaki ya canza ra'ayin don fim dinsa na farko, Juvenile (2000), wanda ya ba da umarni, ya rubuta, kuma ya jagoranci abubuwan gani.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Fim ne na fiction na kimiyya, Juvenile game da ƙungiyar ɗaliban makarantar firamare waɗanda suka sami robot mai ''Matasa'' yayin da suke sansani a cikin dazuzzuka kuma nan da nan suka gano cewa kawai begen su ne na ceton duniya daga mugayen masu mamayewa. Da farko, Kōzō Shibasaki zai harbe Juvenile gaba ɗaya a wurin a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Yamazaki akan kasafin kuɗi na kusan ¥ 100 miliyan, tare da Kiyoko Shibuya yana jagorantar tasirin gani a kan kasafin kuɗi ya ¥ 50 miliyan a ƙarƙashin kulawar Yamazaki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Koyaya, Abe ya yanke shawarar ƙara kasafin kuɗin fim ɗin zuwa ¥ 450 miliyan don ba da damar Yamazaki ya zama &quot;fim din da ya dace don layin hutun bazara&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Toho ya rarraba Juvenile a watan Yulin 2000 kuma ya tara ¥ 1.1 biliyan, yana mai da shi fim na goma sha biyar mafi girma na Japan a wannan shekarar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2000年（平成12年）興収10億円以上番組 |url=http://www.eiren.org/toukei/img/eiren_kosyu/data_2000.pdf |access-date=September 19, 2023 |website=Eiren |publisher=Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan (MPPAJ)}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma nuna shi a bikin fina-finai na Giffoni na 2000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=JUVENILE |url=https://www.giffonifilmfestival.it/en/sezioni-film-2000/3109-juvenile.html |access-date=May 6, 2024 |website=[[Giffoni Film Festival]] |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fim dinsa na gaba, mai ba da labari na kimiyya mai suna Returner (2002), ya biyo bayan labarin Milly, wata budurwa da ke zaune a cikin makomar da ta lalace, wanda wani matafiyi mai ban mamaki mai suna Miyamoto ya dauka. Toho ne ya rarraba fim din a Japan a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta, 2002 &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=「Returner リターナー」が渋谷をジャック！ : 映画ニュース |url=https://eiga.com/news/20020820/11/ |access-date=September 19, 2023 |website=Eiga.com |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma daga baya ya kasance a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka a watan Oktoba na shekara mai zuwa, inda aka lalata shi sosai. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 17, 2003 |title=''Returner'' |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/returner |access-date=September 19, 2023 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masu sukar Yammacin Turai sun zargi Yamazaki da satar fina-finai na fiction na kimiyya na Amurka kamar Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977), ET the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), The Terminator (1984), da The Matrix (1999). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Eunice |date=2012-09-27 |title=Returner (2002) |url=https://mutantreviewersmovies.com/2012/09/27/returner/ |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=Mutant Reviewers}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan da aka saki shi, Yamazaki ya ba da shawarar ci gaba ga Returner amma Abe ya tambaye shi ya yi fim din da aka shirya a zamanin Shōwa a maimakon haka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
[[Fayil:Yoshioka_Hidetaka_from_&quot;Tora-san,_Wish_You_Were_Here&quot;_at_Opening_Ceremony_of_the_Tokyo_International_Film_Festival_2019_(49013472433)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Hidetaka Yoshioka, jagora mai yawa a fina-finai na Yamazaki]]
Nasarar Yamazaki ta zo ne lokacin da ya tashi daga nau'in fiction na kimiyya don ƙirƙirar fasalin darakta na uku, Always: Sunset on Third Street (2005), karɓar jerin manga na Ryōhei Saigan Sunset on third Street . An kafa shi a [[Tokyo]] a lokacin bayan yakin Japan, wannan fim din ya ba da labarin &quot;mai dumi&quot; na mazauna da ke zaune a titin na uku: Ryunosuke, marubuci daga ƙauye; Norifumi, injiniyan mota; da kuma mai mallakar sake bar Hiromi. Kullum: Sunset on Third Street - tare da Hidetaka Yoshioka, Shinichi Tsutsumi, Koyuki, Maki Horikita, da Kenta Suga - an sake shi zuwa sake dubawa mai kyau kuma ya tara ¥ 3.23, matsayi na goma sha biyar a ofishin jakadancin Japan. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2005年（平成17年）興収10億円以上番組 |url=http://www.eiren.org/toukei/img/eiren_kosyu/data_2005.pdf |access-date=September 19, 2023 |website=Eiren}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2005, mai sukar fina-finai Tadao Satō ya ɗauki fim din a matsayin muhimmiyar mahimmanci a cikin amfani da Hotunan da aka samar da kwamfuta kuma ya yaba da jagorancin Yamazaki. A 29th Japanese Academy Awards, fim din ya lashe kyaututtuka goma sha biyu, ciki har da Hoton Mafi Kyawu da Darakta Mafi Kyawu.&lt;ref name=&quot;SciFi Japan&quot;/&gt;

Yamazaki na gaba ya ba da umarni, ya rubuta tare (tare da {{Interlanguage link|Ryota Kosawa|ja|古沢良太}} ), kuma ya jagoranci tasirin gani don Always: Sunset a kan titin na uku 2 (2007), wanda ya biyo baya ga Always: Sunsed a kan titun na uku kuma ya dogara da jerin manga. Fim din ya fara ne da &quot;tsarin tunani&quot; na [[Godzilla]] yana kai hari kan Tokyo kafin ya koma labarin mazaunan titin na uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aiken |first=Keith |title=GODZILLA ON THIRD STREET |url=https://www.scifijapan.com/godzilla-toho/godzilla-on-third-street |access-date=September 19, 2023 |website=SciFi Japan |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yamazaki ya bayyana cewa shi mai sha'awar rayuwarsa ne na ikon mallakar ''Godzilla'' kuma ya haɗa da wurin buɗewa don &quot;farawa da wani abu sabo daga fim na farko&quot; kuma ya kara da cewa &quot;kashe Godzilla ya lalata Hasumiyar Tokyo tare da katako na baki babbar hanya ce ta ba masu sauraro mamaki&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Ya kuma lura cewa &quot;minti biyu (wanda Godzilla ya bayyana) yana buƙatar aiki mai yawa&quot;, tare da rabin ma'aikatan suna aiki a kan jerin a cikin watanni shida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=村上幸将 |title=山崎貴監督、北米プレミア観客の熱狂から見えた「ゴジラ」の先、自信持てる技術の元に - 日曜日のヒーロー＆ヒロイン - 芸能コラム : 日刊スポーツ |url=https://www.nikkansports.com/entertainment/column/sundayhero/news/202311190000080.html |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=nikkansports.com |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan da aka saki shi a ranar 3 ga watan Nuwamba, Always: Sunset on Third Street 2 ya zama babban ofishin jakadancin Yamazaki, ya zama na uku mafi girma a ofishin jakadun Japan a wannan shekarar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2007年（平成19年）興収10億円以上番組 |url=http://www.eiren.org/toukei/img/eiren_kosyu/data_2007.pdf |access-date=September 19, 2023 |website=Eiren}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ryuya Wakaba</title>
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[[Fayil:Wakaba Ryuya from &quot;Ichiko&quot; at Red Carpet of the Tokyo International Film Festival 2023 (53348101516).jpg|thumb|Ryuya Wakaba]]
'''Ryūya Wakaba''' (若葉 竜也, Wakaba Ryūya, an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni, 1989) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Japan wanda aka ba shi izinin yin aiki a hukumar basira ta Farko. Shi da 'yan uwansa hudu sun kafa Wakaba Brothers .

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Bayani
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|1998
|''Tokugawa Yoshinobu''
|Shichirōmaro
|Wasan kwaikwayo na &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwIw&quot;&gt;Taiga&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|&lt;ref name=&quot;oricon20200813&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2003
|''Kikujiro zuwa Saki''
|Masaru Kitano
|
|
|-
|2004
|''4 TANNA''
|Yuni
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2005
|''Koisuru Nichiyobi''
|Na'u
|
|
|-
|''Nobuta wo Yana samarwa''
|Shittaka
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2006
|''Toritsu Mizusho!''
|Sanshirō Suzaki
|Fim din talabijin
|
|-
|''Maigidan Gwargwadon''
|Rikuo Hoshino
|
|
|-
|''Shigar da Osutoki''
|Kimiaki Kogure
|
|
|-
|''Ƙaunar Rayuwata''
|Ma'aikaci
|Kashi na 10
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2007
|''Ballad na Shinigami''
|Mitsuki Asano
|
|
|-
|''Seito Shokun!''
|Naoki Shirai
|
|
|-
|''Kaijoken Musashi''
|Shin'ichi Morioka
|
|
|-
|''Makarantar masu bincike Q''
|Hibiki Sakuma
|Abubuwa 4, 5
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2008
|''Sensei wa Erai!''
|Jun Saeki
|
|
|-
|''Gokusen 3''
|Ryuya Yoshida
|
|
|-
|2008–09
|''Hanyoyin ƙaddara''
|Shu Yasuda
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2009
|''Halin 'yan sanda''
|Midori
|Ƙananan jerin
|
|-
|''Makarantar Sakandare ta Samurai''
|Reiji Kuroda
|Abubuwa 1, 2
|
|-
|2010
|''Zettai Reido''
|Takuma Hirota
|Kashi na 10
|
|-
|2011
|''Asirin Bayan Abincin Abincin''
|Yūsuke Sawamura
|Kashi na 4
|
|-
|2012
|''Saba Doru''
|Yūji Nashimoto
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=梨本佑司 |url=https://www.tv-tokyo.co.jp/sabadol/cast/nashimoto.html#main |access-date=14 August 2024 |website=TV Tokyo}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2016
|''Yoshihiko mai ƙarfin zuciya da Mutanen da aka ja da su bakwai''
|Kiji
|Kashi na 8
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=キジ（若葉竜也） |url=https://www.tv-tokyo.co.jp/yoshihiko/cast/chara187.html |access-date=14 August 2024 |website=TV Tokyo}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2020
|''Ranar Kasumi Arimura''
|Tanaka
|Kashi na 2
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=第2話 WOWOWオリジナルドラマ 有村架純の撮休「女ともだち」 |url=https://thetv.jp/program/0000974587/2/ |access-date=April 9, 2023 |website=The Television}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Ochoyan''
|Shinji Kogure
|''Mai dafa abinci''
|&lt;ref name=&quot;oricon20200813&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=若葉竜也、芸歴30年で朝ドラ初出演 『おちょやん』キャスト発表 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2169385/full/ |access-date=October 9, 2020 |website=Oricon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
|''Wata Dare, Ta Tunanin Albarka''
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ある夜、彼女は明け方を想う |url=https://eiga.com/movie/96325/ |access-date=January 27, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2023
|''Ranar Hana Sugisaki''
|
|Kashi na 2
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=「杉咲花の撮休」に上白石萌歌、橋本愛、光石研、若葉竜也、岡部たかし、芋生悠ら出演 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/506004 |access-date=December 21, 2022 |website=Ntalie |archive-date=January 7, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250107150243/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/506004 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2024
|''Unmeted: Littafin Neurosurgeon''
|Tomoharu Sanpei
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=若葉竜也、井浦新が杉咲花の主演ドラマ「アンメット ある脳外科医の日記」に参加 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/562788 |access-date=March 1, 2024 |website=Natalie |archive-date=March 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319035806/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/562788 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

=== Fim din ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
!Bayani
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|2005
|''Hinokio''
|
|
|
|-
|2008
|''Hanyoyin ƙaddara''
|Shu Yasuda
|
|
|-
|2009
|''Gokusen: Fim din''
|Ryuya Yoshida
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2011
|''Gantz''
|Takahashi
|
|
|-
|''Gantz: Cikakken Amsa''
|Takahashi
|
|
|-
|''Genji Monogatari: Sennen no Nazo''
|Fujiwara no Koremitsu
|
|
|-
|''Dog × 'Yan sanda''
|Tōru Kusaka
|
|
|-
|2015
|''Akegarasu''
|Norio
|
|
|-
|2016
|''Shari'ar kisan kiyashi ta Katsuragi''
|Minoru Katsuragi
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;oricon20200813&quot;/&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|''Kyakkyawan kwaya da Mayonnaise''
|Terao
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=南瓜とマヨネーズ |url=https://eiga.com/movie/86659/ |access-date=14 August 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Kyakkyawan Tauraro''
|Kaoru Takemiya
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=美しい星 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/84444/ |access-date=14 August 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018
|''Punk Samurai Slash Down''
|Osamu
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=パンク侍、斬られて候 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/88627/ |access-date=14 August 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''[[Just Only Love (fim)|Ƙauna ce kawai]]''
|Nakahara
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;oricon20200813&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2019
|''Iyalin Hadari''
|Toshio Satō
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=台風家族 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/90629/ |access-date=14 August 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2020
|''Dukkanin Abubuwan da Ba Mu taɓa Cewa ba''
|Takeda
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=生きちゃった |url=https://eiga.com/movie/92362/ |access-date=June 4, 2020 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Iyaye na Gaskiya''
|Yakuza
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=朝が来る |url=https://eiga.com/movie/91312/ |access-date=14 August 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Muryar Zunubi''
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=罪の声 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/91122/ |access-date=14 August 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Farkawa''
|Riku
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=吉沢亮主演、将棋を題材にした映画『AWAKE』公開 |url=https://www.cinemacafe.net/article/2020/08/12/68444.html |access-date=August 12, 2020 |website=Cinema Cafe}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2021
|''A kan Birnin''
|Ao Arakawa
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=街の上で |url=https://eiga.com/movie/91826/ |access-date=July 7, 2020 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''A cikin waɗancan Kwanaki''
|Nishino
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=仲野太賀＆若葉竜也らオタク演じる、松坂桃李主演『あの頃。』キャスト発表 |url=https://www.cinemacafe.net/article/2020/10/01/69237.html |access-date=October 1, 2020 |website=Cinema Cafe}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Kasancewa cikin Hasken rana''
|Akashi
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=成田凌と松居大悟のタッグ作「くれなずめ」公開、共演に高良健吾や若葉竜也 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/407140 |access-date=December 3, 2020 |website=Natalie |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404105949/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/407140 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2022
|''Gaskiya ta baya''
|Minoru
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=前科者 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/95031/ |access-date=October 14, 2021 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Allah Yana Neman Komawa''
|Umekawa
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=神は見返りを求める |url=https://eiga.com/movie/96714/ |access-date=February 26, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Dukkanina ne''
|Shigeyuki Yamazaki
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ぜんぶ、ボクのせい |url=https://eiga.com/movie/97065/ |access-date=May 27, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''A Fensir''
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=稲垣吾郎主演、映画『窓辺にて』中村ゆり、玉城ティナ、若葉竜也ら出演 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2241153/full/?anc=014 |access-date=July 7, 2022 |website=Oricon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2023
|''Ka kira Ni Chihiro''
|Taniguchi
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ちひろさん |url=https://eiga.com/movie/97680/ |access-date=October 31, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Zuciya Mai Masked''
|Yūji
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=松岡茉優と窪田正孝のW主演作「愛にイナズマ」今秋公開、監督・脚本は石井裕也 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/522051 |access-date=April 25, 2023 |website=Natalie |archive-date=April 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250415205814/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/522051 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Ichiko''
|Yoshinori Hasegawa
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=市子 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/99922/ |access-date=July 27, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|''Hanyar Hukuncin''
|Jun Iwamori
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ペナルティループ |url=https://eiga.com/movie/99352/ |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Hasken rana na''
|Igarashi
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ぼくのお日さま |url=https://eiga.com/movie/101337/ |access-date=March 21, 2024 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2025
|''Barka da zuwa ƙauyen''
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=嗤う蟲 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/102254/ |access-date=14 August 2024 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Baƙi a Kyoto''
|Nakamura
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ぶぶ漬けどうどす |url=https://eiga.com/movie/103314/ |access-date=28 January 2025 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>f04r5bp4st879h5pawrzk80t8929vyz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Reo Sano</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>96036</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893199</id>
      <parentid>889616</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:51:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>13371</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>893199</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11148" sha1="p70h185j00osti5uz3oem0h7d9mfvt4" xml:space="preserve"> {{databox}}

'''Reo Sano''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1996 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=REO SANO {{!}} MANAGEMENT {{!}} LDH |url=https://www.ldh.co.jp/eng/management/Sano/ |access-date=2018-08-27 |website=www.ldh.co.jp |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;)shi [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne]] na kasar Japan. Yana daya daga cikin masu wasan kwaikwayo kuma mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin ƙungiyar rawa da kiɗa ta maza ta Japan Generations from Exile Tribe .

== Ayyuka ==
A shekara ta 2006, Sano ya fara halartar EXPG na Tokyo (Gym na sana'a) inda ya yi rawa na KRUMP.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011, an zaba shi a matsayin dan takarar Generations  ta hanyar sauraron da aka gudanar a EXPG kuma a watan Afrilu 2012 ya zama memba na hukuma. 

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, ya shiga cikin Exile Performer Battle Audition kuma ya kai ga wasan karshe amma ba a zaba shi don shiga Exile ba.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

A watan Yulin 2014, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo tare da wasan kwaikwayo na ''GTO'' .  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Shi memba ne na ƙungiyar Krump Twiggz Fam  da kuma Rag Pound .  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
[[Fayil:GENERAIONS from EXILE TRIBE 20200304 1.jpg|thumb|Reo Sano]]
A watan Yulin 2018, ya fara taka rawa a fim din &quot;Rainbow Days&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=佐野玲於×中川大志×高杉真宙×横浜流星、カルテット主演で「虹色デイズ」実写映画化＜コメント到着＞ - モデルプレス |url=https://mdpr.jp/cinema/detail/1719642 |access-date=2019-07-09 |website=モデルプレス - ライフスタイル・ファッションエンタメニュース |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==

=== Ayyuka ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Group choreography
!Year
!Title
!Notes
|-
|2014
|Never Let You Go
|Alongside Yuta Nakatsuka
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2015
|Sing It Loud
|
|-
|Evergreen
|
|-
|All for You
|Alongside Yuta Nakatsuka
|-
|2016
|Rainy Room
|Alongside Yuta Nakatsuka
|-
|2017
|Stupid ~Makka na bracelet~
|
|}

== Hotunan fina-finai ==

=== Hotunan talabijin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
!Cibiyar sadarwa
!Bayani
!Ref
|-
|2012
|Rashin sukari
|Shiro Mukai
|NTV
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2014
|Impei Sousa
|Kunihiko Ryuzaki
|TBS
|
|
|-
|Babban Malami Onizuka kakar 2
|Taichi Usami
|Fuji TV, KTV
|
|
|-
|2015
|High &amp; Low ~The Story Of S.W.O.R.D. ~
|Takeshi
|NTV
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=High and Low Official Website |url=https://high-low.jp/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2016
|High &amp; Low Season 2
|Takeshi
|NTV
|
|
|-
|Jarumi na dare Naoto
|
|Talabijin na Tokyo
|Kashi na 5 (ƙarshe na rawa) 
|
|-
|2018
|Yarima na Labari
|Aoi Ayanokoji
|NTV
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=「HiGH&amp;LOW」チーム新企画は&quot;全員王子&quot;！片寄涼太、鈴木伸之、飯島寛騎らがバトル（動画あり / コメントあり） - 映画ナタリー |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/281906 |access-date=2018-08-27 |website=映画ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2019-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629234921/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/281906 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2023
|Bayani
|Kanji Mishima
|KTV
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 January 2023 |title=ドラマ『INFORMA』原作・沖田臥竜×総監督・藤井道人「情報の向う側にあるリアルな世界」 |url=https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20230128_1835957.html?DETAIL |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003022247/https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20230128_1835957.html?DETAIL |archive-date=3 October 2024 |access-date=3 October 2024 |website=News Post Seven}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2024
|Informa (lokaci na 2) 
|Kanji Mishima
|Abema
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 October 2024 |title=桐谷健太主演『インフォーマ』続編決定 莉子、池内博之、二宮和也が新キャスト「期待度を上げに上げ切りたい」 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2347712/full/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003000943/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2347712/full/ |archive-date=3 October 2024 |access-date=3 October 2024 |website=Oricon |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

* Bayani mara tsari

=== Fim din ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
!Bayani
!Tabbacin.
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2016
|Hanyar zuwa Sama da Kasa
|Takeshi
|
|
|-
|High &amp;amp;amp; Low Fim din
|Takeshi
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|High &amp; Low The Movie 2 End of Sky
|Takeshi
|
|
|-
|High &amp; Low The Movie 3 Final Mission
|Takeshi
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018
|Kwanakin bakan gizo
|Natsuki Hashiba
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Hanalei Bay
|Takashi
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
|Yarima na Labari
|Aoi Ayanokoji
|An zabi shi don Kyautar Mai Taimako Mafi Kyawu a 99th Japanese Drama Academy Awards
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;
|-
|A wannan lokacin, Zuciyata ta yi kuka
|baku
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=佐野玲於が幽霊になってタイムリープ、「CINEMA FIGHTERS」主演作の特報公開 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/345868 |access-date=2021-03-30 |website=映画ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2021-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116221149/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/345868 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|Kizoku Kourin: Yarima na Labari
|Aoi Ayanokoji
|
|
|-
|2023
|Sana
|Shi da kansa
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ミンナのウタ |url=https://eiga.com/movie/99013/ |access-date=June 15, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

=== Gajeren fina-finai ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
!Tabbacin.
|-
|2018
|Tiffany Blue
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Released today, 11/2 (Fri.)! Reo Sano appearing in the short film &quot;TIFFANY BLUE&quot;! {{!}} NEWS (ALL) {{!}} LDH - LOVE + DREAM + HAPPINESS TO THE WORLD - |url=https://www.ldh.co.jp/eng/news/detail.php?lang=eng&amp;site=TRIBE&amp;newsid=0000017884 |access-date=2018-11-05 |website=www.ldh.co.jp |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|Shirin Fighters na Cinema &quot;Ghosting&quot;
|Baku
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=All the details of all the five works in &quot;CINEMA FIGHTERS project Part 3&quot; unveiled! {{!}} LDH - LOVE + DREAM + HAPPINESS TO THE WORLD - |url=https://www.ldh.co.jp/news/detail.php?lang=eng&amp;site=EXILE&amp;newsid=0000019587 |access-date=2019-06-22 |website=www.ldh.co.jp}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Wasanni ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
|-
|2008
|Gekidan Exile's &quot;Crown ~ Nemuranai, Yoruno Hateni...&quot;
|-
|2020
|Karatun wasan kwaikwayo Littafin Dokar &quot;Mou ichido kimi to odoritai/ Ina so in sake rawa tare da kai&quot;
|}

=== Wasan ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
!Bayani
|-
|2019
|Yarima na Labari Ƙaunar Sarauta
|Aoi Ayanokoji
|
* An sake shi a ranar 25 ga Maris
* Ana samunsa akan iOS / Android
|}

=== Shirye-shiryen talabijin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekaru
!Taken
!Cibiyar sadarwa
!Bayani
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2006-2007
|Holly holly PopTV
|TV Saitama
|
|-
|Yakin Ɗaya
|NTV
|Bayyanawa a matsayin mai rawa
|}

=== Nunin Intanet ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekaru
!Taken
!Cibiyar sadarwa
|-
|2016-2017
|Girman Mai rawa
|AbemaTV
|}

=== Tallace-tallace ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Tabbacin.
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2007
|EPSON Home Projector &quot;dreamio&quot;
|
|-
|[[Adidas]] 2007 bazara da bazara tarin
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015
|Ruwa Diane &quot;Extra Shine&quot;
|
|-
|Samantha vega
|
|-
|2016
|SoftBank &quot;Sponavi Live&quot;
|
|-
|2017
|Tokyo Nishikawa &quot;Kyakkyawan&quot;
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018
|Aoyama Tailor &quot;Aoyama Prestige Technology&quot;
|
|-
|Tokyo Nishikawa &quot;Afit&quot; (Fim din &quot;Autumn&quot;) 
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ryota Katayose, Hayato Komori and Reo Sano from GENERATIONS serving as the face of Tokyo Nishikawa's &quot;Afit&quot;. Reo Sano appears in &quot;Autumn&quot; episode of &quot;Afit&quot; season movies! {{!}} NEWS (ALL) {{!}} LDH - LOVE + DREAM + HAPPINESS TO THE WORLD - |url=https://www.ldh.co.jp/eng/news/detail.php?lang=eng&amp;site=TRIBE&amp;newsid=0000017785 |access-date=2018-10-28 |website=www.ldh.co.jp |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
|NTT Docomo × RAG POUND
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=EXILE TRIBE AKIRA＆小林直己＆岩田剛典＆関口メンディー＆佐野玲於、ドコモ新CMに出演 |url=https://realsound.jp/2019/04/post-343455.html |access-date=2019-04-05 |website=Real Sound｜リアルサウンド |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Nishikawa &quot;Gida tana yin&quot;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=GENERATIONS from EXILE TRIBE 片寄涼太さん・小森隼さん・佐野玲於さんを起用し、「Think Sleep! キャンペーン」を11月29日（金）からスタート！ |url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000124.000010201.html |access-date=2020-02-20 |website=プレスリリース・ニュースリリース配信シェアNo.1｜PR TIMES}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Bidiyo na kiɗa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Mai zane
!Taken
!Bayani
|-
|2005
|Razor Ramon HG
|Matashi (Y.M.C.A) 
|Bayyanawa a matsayin mai rawa 
|-
|2007
|GReeeeN
|High G.K Low (An yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai suna) 
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2008
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ka Yi hijira
|Jirgin kasa na Choo
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Bayyanawa a matsayin CHIBIXILE
|-
|Gingatetsudou 999
|-
|2010
|Ƙaunar
|Kataomoi
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018
|Crazyboy
|Jam'iyyar Mai Zaman Kanta
|
|-
|Mazauna Gaskiya
|Tokyo Dip
|
|-
|2019
|Okamoto na
|Yaro mai rawa
|
|}

=== Rayuwa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Mai zane
!Taken
!Bayani
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2007
|W-inds
|W-inds Live Tour 2006 Godiya ga Budokan Performance
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |a matsayin mai rawa
|-
|Fitarwa
|Gudanar da Rayuwa ta 2007 Gudanar da Juyin Halitta
|-
|Fitarwa
|Ƙasar Rhythm 2007
|-
|2008
|Fitarwa
|Tafiya ta kai tsaye &quot;Perfect Live 2008&quot;
|-
|2010
|Fitarwa
|Gudun Hijira na Rayuwa na 2010 &quot;Fantasy&quot;
|}

=== Yin wasan kwaikwayo na murya ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
|-
|2017
|High &amp; Low g-sword Animation DVD Special Edition
|Takeshi
|}

== Littafin Hotuna ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!
!Shekara
!Ranar fitarwa
!Taken
!Tabbacin.
|-
!Na farko
|2018
|Nuwamba 15
|Sano San (Abubuwan da suka shafi) 
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=11/15(木)佐野玲於1st写真集「さのさん」発売決定！！ {{!}} NEWS {{!}} EXILE TRIBE mobile |url=https://m.tribe-m.jp/news/detail?news_id=17383 |access-date=2018-09-07 |website=EXILE TRIBE mobile |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>p70h185j00osti5uz3oem0h7d9mfvt4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Taiga Nakano</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>96258</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893620</id>
      <parentid>890044</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T11:33:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>13371</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>893620</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14139" sha1="k0zx1xqu7f1ymfk6dj3qlj6wyzar2ee" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Fukada Koji, Mahiro Kana, Tsutsui Mariko &amp; Taiga from &quot;Harmonium&quot; at Opening Ceremony of the Tokyo International Film Festival 2016 (33258373050).jpg|thumb|Taiga Nakano a wani taro]]
 {{Databox}}

Taiga Nakano&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;},&quot;2&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;仲野 太賀&quot;},&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Nakano Taiga&quot;},&quot;4&quot;: Taiga Nakano [1] ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar Japan. An wakilta shi tare da Stardust Promotion . Shi ne ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na biyu a Hideo Nakano . [2] A baya an lasafta shi a matsayin Taiga kawai.

== Hotunan fina-finai ==

=== Fim din ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2007
|''Freesia''
|Hiroshi Kano (child)
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=フリージア |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/film/146105 |access-date=June 5, 2024 |website=Natalie |archive-date=June 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604231931/https://natalie.mu/eiga/film/146105 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Battery''
|Keita Higashitani
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=バッテリー |url=https://eiga.com/movie/33875/ |access-date=June 5, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2008
|''108''
|Tachibana
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ひゃくはちの出演者・キャスト一覧 |url=https://thetv.jp/program/0001034366/cast/ |access-date=June 4, 2024 |website=The Television}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Nasu Shōnenki''
|Osamu Shiroyama
|Lead role
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=那須少年記 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/53894/ |access-date=June 4, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''The Blue Bird''
|Takeshi Inoue
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=青い鳥 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/53949/ |access-date=June 4, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Someday's Dreamers''
|Koji Kuroda
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=魔法遣いに大切なこと |url=https://eiga.com/movie/53643/ |access-date=June 4, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2009
|''Pandemic''
|Kenichi Motohashi
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=感染列島 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/53451/ |access-date=June 3, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Last Operations Under the Orion''
|Katsumi Suzuki
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=真夏のオリオン |url=https://eiga.com/movie/53873/ |access-date=June 3, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Rise Up''
|Yuya Kaji
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=RISE UP |url=https://eiga.com/movie/54658/ |access-date=June 3, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2010
|''Hanbun no Tsuki ga Noboru Sora''
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=半分の月がのぼる空 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/film/151646 |access-date=May 31, 2024 |website=Natalie |archive-date=December 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210055242/https://natalie.mu/eiga/film/151646 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''The Lone Scalpel''
|Makoto Takei
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=孤高のメス |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/film/152183 |access-date=May 31, 2024 |website=Natalie |archive-date=May 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531142312/https://natalie.mu/eiga/film/152183 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Sankaku''
|Shogo
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=さんかく |url=https://eiga.com/movie/55263/ |access-date=May 31, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2011
|''Eclair''
|Senkichi Wakamatsu
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=エクレール・お菓子放浪記 |url=https://thetv.jp/program/0000849298/ |access-date=May 31, 2024 |website=The Television}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''When I Kill Myself ''
|Ryota Shinjo
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=スイッチを押すとき |url=https://eiga.com/movie/56916/ |access-date=May 31, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Life Back Then''
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=アントキノイノチ |url=https://eiga.com/movie/56054/ |access-date=May 31, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|''The Kirishima Thing''
|Fusuke Koizumi
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=桐島、部活やめるってよ |url=https://eiga.com/movie/57626/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2013
|''Daily Lives of High School Boys''
|Karasawa
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=男子高校生の日常 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/78605/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Jinrō Game''
|Tomohiro Hada
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 Sep 2013 |title=桜庭ななみ主演『人狼ゲーム』公開決定 あの&quot;疑心暗鬼ゲーム&quot;がついに映画化 |url=http://www.crank-in.net/movie/news/26538 |access-date=10 Sep 2016 |website=Crank-in! |publisher=Hollywood Channel |language=ja |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104546/http://www.crank-in.net/movie/news/26538 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2014
|''Hotori no Sakuko''
|Takashi Kameda
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 Oct 2013 |title=中野英雄の息子・太賀、「じらされて、じらされて」とやっとの映画完成に喜びを語る＜TIFF2013＞ |url=http://www.crank-in.net/movie/news/27306 |access-date=10 Sep 2016 |website=Crank-in! |publisher=Hollywood Channel |language=ja |archive-date=8 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808161959/http://www.crank-in.net/movie/news/27306 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Monsterz''
|Akira
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Web Crea |date=23 May 2014 |title=映画『MONSTERZ モンスターズ』で憧れの山田孝之と初共演した太賀 |url=http://crea.bunshun.jp/articles/-/5314 |access-date=10 Sep 2016 |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''My Man''
|Akatsuki
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=私の男 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/78264/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Sweet Poolside''
|Takashi Mimura
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=スイートプールサイド |url=https://eiga.com/movie/79148/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015
|''Again''
|Norio Matsukawa
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;eiga.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Eiga.com |date=8 Jun 2014 |title=中井貴一主演「アゲイン 28年目の甲子園」で工藤阿須加＆太賀が高校球児に! |url=http://eiga.com/news/20140608/4/ |access-date=10 Sep 2016 |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cinema Cafe |date=19 Jun 2014 |title=【特別映像】波瑠、中井貴一を相手に涙の熱演…『アゲイン 28年目の甲子園』 |url=http://www.cinemacafe.net/article/2014/06/19/24137.html |access-date=10 Sep 2016 |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Sweet Bean''
|Yohei
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=あん |url=https://eiga.com/movie/81499/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2016
|''Tokyo Sunrise''
|Ren
|Lead role
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 Oct 2015 |title=太賀、中川龍太郎監督自伝映画に主演「想像をどう超えていけるかという勝負」 |url=http://eiga.com/news/20151031/1/ |access-date=10 Sep 2016 |publisher=Eiga.com |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Harmonium''
|Takashi Yamagami
|
|
|-
|''Ushijima the Loan Shark: the Final''
|Naoto Komoto
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 Jun 2016 |title=山田孝之主演『闇金ウシジマくん』新作映画に本郷奏多、安藤政信ら |url=http://www.cinra.net/news/20160630-ushijimakun |access-date=10 Sep 2016 |publisher=Cinra.Net |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Japanese Girls Never Die''
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=アズミ・ハルコは行方不明 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/83326/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|''Pumpkin and Mayonnaise''
|Seiichi
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=南瓜とマヨネーズ |url=https://eiga.com/movie/86659/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Dawn Wind in My Poncho''
|
|Lead role
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ポンチョに夜明けの風はらませて |url=https://eiga.com/movie/86708/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2018
|''The Man from the Sea''
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=海を駆ける |url=https://eiga.com/movie/87651/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''50 First Kisses''
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=50回目のファーストキス |url=https://eiga.com/movie/88106/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''No Matter How Much My Mom Hates Me''
|
|Lead role
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=母さんがどんなに僕を嫌いでも |url=https://eiga.com/movie/88839/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''It Comes''
|Takanashi
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=来る |url=https://eiga.com/movie/88644/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2019
|''Almost a Miracle''
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=町田くんの世界 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/90602/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Taro the Fool''
|Sugio
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=泣く子はいねぇが |url=https://eiga.com/movie/92499/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Journey of the Sky Goddess''
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=きばいやんせ！私 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/88613/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |2020
|''Silent Rain''
|Yukisuke
|Lead role
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=元乃木坂の衛藤美彩、来春公開映画で初出演＆初主演 |url=https://www.nikkansports.com/entertainment/news/201906040000661.html |access-date=June 6, 2019 |website=Nikkan Sports}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''From Today, It's My Turn!!''
|Katsutoshi Imai
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=今日から俺は!!劇場版 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/91920/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''All the Things We Never Said''
|
|Lead role
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=生きちゃった |url=https://eiga.com/movie/92362/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''#HandballStrive''
|Aniue
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=＃ハンド全力 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/91103/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Any Crybabies Around?''
|Tasuku
|Lead role
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=泣く子はいねぇが |url=https://eiga.com/movie/92499/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Mother''
|Keiichi Akagawa
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=長澤まさみの息子役に新人・奥平大兼、「MOTHER マザー」夏帆ら登場する予告公開 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/376961 |access-date=April 27, 2020 |website=Natalie |archive-date=July 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713111432/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/376961 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''My Favorite Girl''
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=僕の好きな女の子 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/90863/ |access-date=June 25, 2020 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2021
|''Under the Open Sky''
|Ryūtarō Tsunoda
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=役所広司、西川美和監督と初タッグ！ 仲野太賀、長澤まさみら共演「すばらしき世界」21年公開 |url=https://eiga.com/news/20200708/2/ |access-date=July 8, 2020 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''In Those Days''
|Kozumin
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=仲野太賀＆若葉竜也らオタク演じる、松坂桃李主演『あの頃。』キャスト発表 |url=https://www.cinemacafe.net/article/2020/10/01/69237.html |access-date=October 1, 2020 |website=Cinema Cafe}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Onoda: 10,000 Nights in the Jungle''
|Norio Suzuki
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=「ONODA」に仲野太賀、松浦祐也、井之脇海、諏訪敦彦、イッセー尾形ら12名 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/433887 |access-date=June 24, 2021 |website=Natalie |archive-date=December 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226214117/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/433887 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2022
|''A Man''
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=妻夫木聡×安藤サクラ×窪田正孝ら共演、芥川賞作家・平野啓一郎の「ある男」実写映画化 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2205317/full/ |access-date=August 31, 2021 |website=Oricon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''It's All My Fault''
|Kataoka
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ぜんぶ、ボクのせい |url=https://eiga.com/movie/97065/ |access-date=May 27, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2023
|''We're Millennials. Got a Problem?: The Movie''
|Hiromu Yamagishi
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=『ゆとりですがなにか』続編映画に安藤サクラ・仲野太賀・吉田鋼太郎らキャスト再集結 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2282125/full/ |access-date=June 8, 2023 |website=Oricon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Masked Hearts''
|Ochiai
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=愛にイナズマ |url=https://eiga.com/movie/99329/ |access-date=June 28, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |2024
|''The Beast of Comedy''
|Nishidera
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=笑いのカイブツ |url=https://eiga.com/movie/95535/ |access-date=June 26, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''After the Fever''
|Kenta
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=熱のあとに |url=https://eiga.com/movie/100139/ |access-date=August 30, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''April Come She Will''
|Tasuku
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=四月になれば彼女は |url=https://eiga.com/movie/99395/ |access-date=December 19, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''11 Rebels''
|Washio Heishirō
|Lead role
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=十一人の賊軍 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/101822/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''The Real You''
|Iphy
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=本心 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/101972/ |access-date=June 21, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Saint Young Men: The Movie''
|Ekādaśamukha
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=仲野太賀・神木隆之介が映画「聖☆おにいさん」出演、十一面観音とヨハネになる |url=https://natalie.mu:8443/eiga/news/587696 |access-date=23 August 2024 |website=Natalie |archive-date=22 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822224625/https://natalie.mu:8443/eiga/news/587696 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''At the Bench''
|
|Lead role; anthology film
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=アット・ザ・ベンチ |url=https://eiga.com/movie/102390/ |access-date=6 September 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>k0zx1xqu7f1ymfk6dj3qlj6wyzar2ee</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Riho Yoshioka</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>96279</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893209</id>
      <parentid>889624</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T18:46:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>13371</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="22954" sha1="obz88wytjgjxr0v4c00m3z96meaa1bd" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Festival de Cinema de Sitges 2019 (49500409358) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Riho Yoshioka]]
{{databox}]
 

Riho Yoshioka (吉岡 里帆, Yoshioka Riho, an haife ta a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1993, a Kyoto)  'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta kasar Japan. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 16, 2015 |title=2015年ブレイク必至&quot;女優・吉岡里帆&quot;の素顔に密着！ |url=http://nikkan-spa.jp/848620 |access-date=February 15, 2016 |website=日刊SPA!}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta fara jan hankalin mutane bayan da ta taka rawa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin, Here Comes Asa a kan NHK a cikin shekara ta 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=『あさが来た』眼鏡っ娘・田村宜役の吉岡里帆、びわ湖近くでバイトしていた |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2068404/full/ |access-date=January 15, 2021 |website=oricon}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta sami lambar yabo ta Elan d'or don Sabon Shekara a shekarar 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 22, 2018 |title=吉岡里帆らが新人賞 「2018年 エランドール賞」受賞作品・受賞者発表 |url=https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/1742074 |access-date=July 5, 2021 |website=モデルプレス}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta lashe kyautar Newcomer of the Year a Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Japan ta 43 don rawar da ta taka a fim din 2019 ''Mienai Mokugeki-sha'' da Parallel World Love Story . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2020 |title=吉岡里帆・黒島結菜・横浜流星ら6人「第43回日本アカデミー賞」新人俳優賞受賞 |url=https://mdpr.jp/cinema/detail/1937343 |access-date=January 15, 2021 |website=モデルプレス}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Kwarewarta ta musamman ita ce calligraphy da alto saxophone . Tana da matsayi na 8 a cikin calligraphy, wanda ta fara tun tana 'yar shekara 7 bayan abokiyar ta gayyace ta. Ta ci gaba da yin aiki sosai a duk makarantar sakandare da sakandare, kuma ta ci gaba da zuwa jami'a tare da manufar zama ƙwararren mai rubutun kalmomi. Fim din Swing Girls ne ya yi wahayi zuwa gare ta, ta shiga kulob din tagulla a lokacin da take makaranta kuma ta buga alto saxophone.

Abubuwan sha'awa da ta yi sun haɗa da wasa tare da cats da kallon wasan kwaikwayo na Shinpa. Duk da yake tana son dukkan halittu masu rai,  tana son cats musamman, har ma tana rubutu a cikin shafinta na yanar gizo 'Ina da matukar dogaro da cat'. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-08-18 |title=夏 |url=https://ameblo.jp/yoshi-rihorihoriho/entry-11911863209.html |access-date=2024-11-17 |publisher=吉岡里帆オフィシャルブログ「なんでもない毎日。」}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyalinta suna kula da cats biyar da kare daya a gidan danginta a Kyoto.&lt;ref name=&quot;otoutohahitomishiri&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-05-05 |title=弟は人見知り |url=https://ameblo.jp/yoshi-rihorihoriho/entry-12022734637.html |access-date=2021-11-28 |publisher=吉岡里帆オフィシャルブログ「なんでもない毎日。」}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ita ce mai sha'awar gummy candy wanda ya shiga Japan Gummy Association kuma memba ne na girmamawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-07-27 |title=吉岡里帆は「日本グミ協会」の名誉会員だった！ おすすめを3つ紹介 |url=https://news.j-wave.co.jp/2023/07/content-2064.html |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=J-WAVE NEWS |publisher=J-WAVE, Inc.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==

=== Talabijin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Bayani
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|2015
|''Kyakkyawan da Aboki''
|Karen Asakura
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2016
|''Asa ta zo!''
|Nobu Tamura
|''Mai dafa abinci''
|
|-
|''Muna da Millennials Shin muna da matsala?''
|Etsuko Sakura
|
|
|-
|''Kungiyar Likita: Lady Davinci no Shindan''
|Ayaka Tamaru
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|''Quartet''
|Arisu Kisugi
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=石井 |first=百合子 |date=March 7, 2017 |title=生きててよかった！「カルテット」の吉岡里帆が謎過ぎると話題 |url=https://www.cinematoday.jp/news/N0090108 |access-date=August 18, 2018 |website=Cinema Today |language=japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Ina jin gafartawa, Ina son ka''
|Rinka Mita
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2018
|''Kullum Kuna zaune a Zuciyata''
|Kyōko Ogawa
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=火曜ドラマ『きみが心に棲みついた』 |url=http://www.tbs.co.jp/kimisumi/ |access-date=August 18, 2018 |publisher=[[Tokyo Broadcasting System Television]] |language=japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Nemuri Kyoshirō Ƙarshe''
|Misao
|Fim din talabijin
|
|-
|''Littafin Mai Shari'a''
|Emiru Yoshitsune
|Matsayin jagora
|
|-
|2021
|''Babban Iyali''
|Makiko Yasuda
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=吉岡里帆、松本穂香が「連続ドラマW 華麗なる一族」出演、万俵家の家族写真も公開 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/409578 |access-date=December 21, 2020 |website=Natalie |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220220017/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/409578 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2022
|''Shizuka-chan da mahaifinta''
|Shizuka Nonomura
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=しずかちゃんとパパ 吉岡里帆×笑福亭鶴瓶 父娘の笑いと涙のウエディングストーリー! |url=https://www.nhk.jp/p/ts/KVZJ1V7MY5/ |access-date=20 August 2023 |website=しずかちゃんとパパ 概要 (in Japanese) |publisher=NHK}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 May 2023 |title=吉岡里帆×笑福亭鶴瓶「しずかちゃんとパパ」が再編集版で地上波放送決定 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/526256 |access-date=20 August 2023 |website=Eiga Natalie (in Japanese) |publisher=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |archive-date=31 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531222025/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/526256 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Cibiyar''
|Nana
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=吉岡里帆、モトーラ世理奈、石橋菜津美、黒木華が主演を務める「WOWOWオリジナルドラマ 椅子」が5月27日より放送・配信される。 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/468326 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=映画ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2022-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730013505/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/468326 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022–24
|''Gannibal''
|Yūki Agawa
|Lokaci 2
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ドラマ「ガンニバル」第2弾キャストに笠松将、吉岡里帆、倍賞美津子、杉田雷麟ら11人 |url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/498111 |access-date=October 19, 2022 |website=Natalie |archive-date=October 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019053717/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/498111 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2023
|''Rana ta fadi''
|Mahiro Kai
|Ministoci
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=北川景子と吉岡里帆が初共演、湊かなえの「落日」WOWOWでドラマ化 監督は内田英治 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/526627 |access-date=May 31, 2023 |website=Natalie |archive-date=May 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531013653/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/526627 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Mutane Masu Tsoro 2''
|Osome
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=落語を原案にしたドラマ『にんげんこわい2』吉田羊・吉岡里帆・安田顕・岡田将生・松重豊・伊東四朗出演 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2282935/embed/video/?anc=014 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=H |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Kada ku yi amfani da tafiye-tafiye na lokaci don soyayya''
|Megu
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=時空を超えて痛快な&quot;辻褄合わせ&quot;に奔走するＳＦラブコメ『時をかけるな、恋人たち』 |url=https://www.kinejun.com/article/view/36910 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=キネマ旬報WEB |language=ja |archive-date=2025-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250217020831/https://www.kinejun.com/article/view/36910 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2024
|''Gidan Ninjas''
|Karen Ito
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-01-18 |title=賀来賢人主演、Netflixシリーズ『忍びの家』吉岡里帆・田口トモロヲ・柄本時生らキャスト発表 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2310903/full/ |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=ORICON NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2025
|''Gidan aji na Mr. Mikami''
|Fumika Kore'eda
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=御上先生の出演者・キャスト一覧 |url=https://thetv.jp/program/0001056687/cast/ |access-date=9 January 2025 |website=The Television |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Samurai na Ƙarshe''
|Haskakawa
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=岡田准一主演のNetflix時代劇「イクサガミ」に藤崎ゆみあ、清原果耶、山田孝之、二宮和也ら |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/610231 |access-date=4 February 2025 |website=Natalie |language=ja |archive-date=10 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250210000248/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/610231 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 February 2025 |title='Last Samurai Standing' Unveils 14 New Cast Members Ahead of November Debut |url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/last-samurai-standing-unveils-14-new-cast-members-ahead-of-november-debut |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250204062611/https://about.netflix.com/en/news/last-samurai-standing-unveils-14-new-cast-members-ahead-of-november-debut |archive-date=4 February 2025 |access-date=4 February 2025 |website=Netflix (About) official site}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2026
|''Toyotomi Brothers!''
|Chika
|Wasan kwaikwayo na &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwATQ&quot;&gt;Taiga&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 2, 2024 |title=26年大河『豊臣兄弟!』新キャスト4人発表 池松壮亮、吉岡里帆、永野芽郁、浜辺美波ら豪華顔ぶれ |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2347422/full/ |access-date=2 October 2024 |website=Oricon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

=== Fim din ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Bayani
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2015
|''Mango zuwa Akai Kurumaisu''
|Chihiro
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;eiga&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=吉岡里帆 作品一覧 |url=https://eiga.com/person/281017/movie/ |access-date=September 30, 2018 |publisher=eiga.com |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Rufin Ruwan Ruwan Ruwar Ruwan Ruwa''
|Mai Murakami
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;eiga&quot; /&gt;
|-
|''Akegarasu''
|Akiko
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=明烏 あけがらす |url=https://eiga.com/movie/81835/ |access-date=May 26, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2016
|''Tsumugumono''
|Ryoka Sawai
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=つむぐもの |url=https://eiga.com/movie/82443/ |access-date=June 11, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Bikin Bincike Mai Farin Ciki''
|Aiko Aikawa
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ハッピーウエディング |url=https://eiga.com/movie/85855/ |access-date=April 6, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Star Sand''
|Shiho
|Fim din Australiya
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=STAR SAND 星砂物語 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/86790/ |access-date=April 6, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2017
|''Detective Conan: Wasikar soyayya ta Crimson''
|Mikiko Hiramoto (murya) 
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=名探偵コナン から紅の恋歌(ラブレター) |url=https://eiga.com/movie/86075/ |access-date=April 6, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2018
|''Ya fi girma!: Ba za ku iya jin abin da kuke raira waƙa ba', Wimp''
|Fūka
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=音量を上げろタコ！なに歌ってんのか全然わかんねぇんだよ!! |url=https://eiga.com/movie/87957/ |access-date=April 6, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2019
|''Labarin Ƙaunar Duniya''
|Mayuko Tsuno
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=パラレルワールド・ラブストーリー |url=https://eiga.com/movie/88837/ |access-date=April 6, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Hot Gimmick: Yarinya ta sadu da Boy''
|Rina Katsuragi
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sherman |first=Jennifer |date=March 15, 2019 |title=&quot;Live-Action Hot Gimmick Film Casts Hiyori Sakurada, Kaisei Kamimura, Riho Yoshioka&quot; |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-03-15/live-action-hot-gimmick-film-casts-hiyori-sakurada-kaisei-kamimura-riho-yoshioka/.144616 |website=[[Anime News Network]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Blue Sky ta''
|Akane (murya) 
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=空の青さを知る人よ |url=https://eiga.com/movie/90981/ |access-date=June 11, 2019 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Makaho''
|Natsume Hamanaka
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref name=&quot;eiga&quot; /&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2020
|''Fukushima 50''
|Haruka
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;eiga&quot; /&gt;
|-
|''Duk wani Crybabies kewaye da shi?''
|Kotone
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;eiga&quot; /&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2021
|''Zokki''
|Ryoko
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 20, 2020 |title=吉岡里帆、鈴木福、満島真之介ら映画『ゾッキ』に豪華キャスト18名 |url=https://www.cinematoday.jp/news/N0119344 |access-date=October 21, 2020 |website=Cinematoday}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Fortune Ya fi so Lady Nikuko''
|Miu (murya) 
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 9, 2021 |title=Studio 4°C's Gyokō no Nikuko-san Film Reveals 6 More Cast Members |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-04-09/studio-4c-gyoko-no-nikuko-san-film-reveals-6-more-cast-members/.171602 |access-date=April 9, 2021 |publisher=[[Anime News Network]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
|''Anime Mafi Girma!''
|Hitomi Saitō
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 25, 2021 |title=吉岡里帆主演、中村倫也ら共演で『ハケンアニメ！』実写映画化 ビジュアル＆特報映像も |url=https://realsound.jp/movie/2021/11/post-910719.html |access-date=November 25, 2021 |website=Real Sound}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''xxxHolic''
|Jorōgumo
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=映画「xxxHOLiC」女郎蜘蛛役に吉岡里帆、映画オリキャラの手下役を磯村勇斗 |url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/466102 |access-date=February 18, 2022 |website=Natalie |archive-date=February 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218080555/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/466102 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Shimamori''
|Rin Higa
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=島守の塔 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/96999/ |access-date=May 28, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2023
|''Ice Cream Fever''
|Natsumi
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=アイスクリームフィーバー |url=https://eiga.com/movie/98598/ |access-date=December 20, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''G-Men''
|Hitomi Amamiya
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gメン |url=https://eiga.com/movie/96500/ |access-date=March 16, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Mu 'yan dubban shekaru ne. Shin yana da matsala?: Fim din''
|Etsuko Sakura
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;yutori&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 8, 2023 |title=『ゆとりですがなにか』続編映画に安藤サクラ・仲野太賀・吉田鋼太郎らキャスト再集結 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2282125/full/ |access-date=June 8, 2023 |website=Oricon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Mai satar katako''
|Emi Hasumi
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=怪物の木こり |url=https://eiga.com/movie/99644/ |access-date=June 7, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2024
|''Maru''
|Yajima
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=まる |url=https://eiga.com/movie/101747/ |access-date=June 27, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Rashin fuska''
|Sayaka Ando
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=藤井道人の最新作、主演の「正体」は不明 吉岡里帆・森本慎太郎・山田杏奈・山田孝之が出演 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/581677 |access-date=11 July 2024 |website=Natalie |archive-date=10 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710235611/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/581677 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''A kan benci''
|
|Matsayin jagora; fim din tarihin
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=アット・ザ・ベンチ |url=https://eiga.com/movie/102390/ |access-date=6 September 2024 |website=eiga.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2025
|''Kowloon Generic Romance''
|Reiko Kujirai
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=「九龍ジェネリックロマンス」2025年TVアニメ＆実写映画化！キャストと特報を解禁 |url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/594792 |access-date=11 October 2024 |website=Natalie |archive-date=31 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241031045616/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/594792 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Kiss na farko''
|Ritsu Tenma
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=松たか子×松村北斗「ファーストキス」にリリー・フランキー、吉岡里帆、森七菜が出演 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/595498 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=Natalie |archive-date=21 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221005745/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/595498 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Harsasai, Ƙasusuwa da Ƙarƙashin Hanci: Fim ɗin''
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=THE オリバーな犬、(Gosh!!)このヤロウ MOVIE |url=https://eiga.com/movie/102516/ |access-date=13 December 2024 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

=== Dubbing ===

* Transformers One (Elita) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=トランスフォーマー／ONE －日本語吹き替え版 |url=https://www.fukikaekingdom.com/post-26440/ |access-date=September 11, 2024 |website=Fukikae Kingdom}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sauran ===

* 68th NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen (2017), alƙali &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=【紅白】ゲスト審査員発表 加藤一二三、鈴木亮平、高橋一生ら8人に決定 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2102626/full/ |access-date=May 26, 2024 |website=Oricon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kyautar Rubuce-rubucen Japan ta 62 (2020), mai karɓar bakuncin &lt;ref name=&quot;Recotai&quot; /&gt;
* Kyautar Rubuce-rubucen Japan ta 63 (2021), mai karɓar bakuncin &lt;ref name=&quot;Recotai&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=「日本レコード大賞」司会は10年連続安住アナ＆2年目の吉岡里帆コンビが続投 |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/456691 |access-date=December 9, 2021 |website=Natalie |archive-date=December 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209125822/https://natalie.mu/music/news/456691 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Shekara
!Kyautar
!Sashe
!Ayyuka
!Sakamakon
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|2018
|Kyautar zinare ta 42 ta ElanKyautar Elan na zinariya
|Sabon Shekara
|Shi da kansa|{{Won}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2020
|Kyautar Blue Ribbon ta 62
|Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo
|''Makaho''| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ブルーリボン賞候補発表、松坂桃李、成田凌、長澤まさみ、松岡茉優がWノミネートら |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/361971 |access-date=April 6, 2024 |website=Natalie |archive-date=May 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528150734/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/361971 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta 43 ta Japan
|Sabon Shekara
|''Labarin Ƙaunar Duniya'' na ''Makaho'' da Ma'ana| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 January 2020 |title=第43回日本アカデミー賞優秀賞発表、受賞者・受賞作品一覧 |url=https://eigaland.com/topics/?p=113162 |access-date=January 15, 2020 |website=eigaland |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
|Kyautar Fim ta Wasanni ta 35 ta NikkanKyautar Fim ta Wasanni ta Nikkan
|Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |''Anime Mafi Girma!''| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=日刊スポーツ映画大賞・石原裕次郎賞ノミネート発表 「PLAN75」が最多6部門 |url=https://eiga.com/news/20221109/3/ |access-date=November 9, 2022 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2023
|Bikin Fim na 44 na Yokohama
|Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=第44回ヨコハマ映画祭 2022年日本映画個人賞 |url=http://yokohama-eigasai.o.oo7.jp/44-2022/44_2022_shou.html |access-date=February 5, 2023 |website=Yokohama Film Festival |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Japan ta 46
|Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 23, 2023 |title=『第46回 日本アカデミー賞』受賞者・作品発表 『ある男』最多12部門13の優秀賞 助演女優に2人同時 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2264793/full/ |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Oricon |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Kyautar Fim ta Wasanni ta Nikkan ta 36
|Mafi Kyawun Mataimakin Mataimakin
|''G-Men'' da sauransu| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=日刊スポーツ映画大賞は石井裕也監督「月」が最多5部門6ノミネート |url=https://eiga.com/news/20231108/15/ |access-date=November 8, 2023 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2024
|Kyautar Fim ta 49 ta HochiKyautar Fim ta Hochi
|Mafi Kyawun Mataimakin Mataimakin
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Rashin fuska''| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 26, 2024 |title=「第49回報知映画賞」各賞が決定 主演男優賞に横浜流星、主演女優賞に石原さとみ |url=https://hochi.news/articles/20241125-OHT1T51222.html?page=1 |access-date=26 November 2024 |website=Sports Hochi |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2025
|Kyautar Fim ta Mainichi ta 79
|Mafi Kyawun Ayyukan Taimako| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=「夜明けのすべて」毎日映画コンクールで最多7賞にノミネート、俳優部門は男女の区別撤廃 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/604317 |access-date=19 December 2024 |website=Natalie |language=ja |archive-date=14 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214023424/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/604317 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Kyautar Blue Ribbon ta 67
|Mafi Kyawun Mataimakin Mataimakin
|Ba tare da Fuskar ba, ''Maru'', da A Bench''A kan benci''| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=第67回ブルーリボン賞候補決まる 「あんのこと」「正体」が最多4部門で選出 3部門で「碁盤斬り」「侍タイムスリッパー」「十一人の賊軍」「ラストマイル」 |url=https://www.chunichi.co.jp/article/1007136?rct=entertainment |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=Chunichi Shimbun |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta 48 ta Japan
|Mafi Kyawun Mataimakin Mataimakin
|''Rashin fuska''| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 March 2025 |title=吉岡里帆、初の最優秀助演女優賞! 能登からリモートでスピーチ「映画のエキストラ出演がきっかけに」 |url=https://www.cinematoday.jp/news/N0147891 |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=Cinematoday |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://www.flamme.co.jp/actress/riho_yoshioka/ Bayanan hukumar] (a cikin Jafananci) 
* {{IMDb name|6126186}}
* Riho Yoshiokaa kanInstagram
* Riho Yoshioka Managera kanInstagram
{{Navboxes|title=Awards for Riho Yoshioka|list={{Hochi Film Award for Best Supporting Actress}}
{{Japan Academy Film Prize for Best Supporting Actress}}
{{Yokohama Film Festival Best Actress}}}}{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>obz88wytjgjxr0v4c00m3z96meaa1bd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ryoma Takeuchi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>893249</id>
      <parentid>889742</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T22:25:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>13371</id>
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{{databox}}
Ryo Takeuchi (竹内 ?), , &lt;ref name=&quot;Mainichi Shimbun&quot; /&gt;wani mutum ne wanda aka fi sani da sunan , ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na kasar [[Japan]], samfurin, kuma ɗan wasan talabijin wanda ke da alaƙa da [[Horipro]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;Shukan Bunshun Web&quot; /&gt; Ya kasance dalibi ne na kimiyyar muhalli ta duniya a [[Rissho University|Jami'ar Rissho]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Rissho University&quot; /&gt; An fi saninsa da rawar da ya taka a matsayin Shinnosuke Tomari, babban hali na jerin Kamen Rider ''[[Kamen Rider Drive]]'' .

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Takeuchi shine babba a cikin 'yan uwa uku, tare da ƙaramar 'yar'uwa ɗaya da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa ɗaya. Sunansa na ainihi shine Ryo Takeuchi . Iyayensa suna son sautin &quot;Ryo&quot;, don haka sun ba shi sunan Ryo. Kanji &quot;X&quot; na sunansa yana da wuya a yi amfani da shi a cikin suna.

Takeuchi ya fara buga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] lokacin da yake dan shekara biyar, ya kasance na [[Tokyo]] Verdy lokacin da yake matashi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shukan Bunshun Web&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2013 |script-title=ja:萩庭桂太 YOUR EYES ONLY &gt; 竹内涼真 |url=http://shukan.bunshun.jp/articles/-/3301 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140828181616/http://shukan.bunshun.jp/articles/-/3301 |archive-date=August 28, 2014 |access-date=2015-06-12 |publisher=Shukan Bunshun Web |language=ja}}
[[Rukuni:CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)]]
[[Rukuni:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 28, 2014 |script-title=ja:頑張れ、タケ！ &quot;新ライダー&quot;竹内涼真に東京Vユース同期が友情エール！ |url=http://www.sponichi.co.jp/soccer/news/2014/08/28/kiji/K20140828008827361.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615200819/http://www.sponichi.co.jp/soccer/news/2014/08/28/kiji/K20140828008827361.html |archive-date=June 15, 2015 |access-date=2015-06-12 |publisher=Sports Nippon |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt; Da farko ya tafi kwaleji a kan shawarar kwallon kafa, amma bai bi aikin kwallon kafa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shukan Bunshun Web&quot; /&gt;

=== Dangantaka ===
In 2019, there were media speculations about Takeuchi and Ayaka Miyoshi's romantic relationship, but their agencies at that time did not disclose any information about the two, and they themselves did not comment on the reports till later in May 2020, when it was revealed by media outlets that they were already living together and were &quot;counting down the days until marriage.&quot; Unfortunately, on October 27, 2024, the couple reportedly split after four years to focus more on their careers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=村上幸将 |title=竹内涼真と三吉彩花が破局 交際報道４年「結婚秒読み」も互いに多忙極め今年に入り決断か - 離婚・破局 : 日刊スポーツ |trans-title=Ryoma Takeuchi and Ayaka Miyoshi break up after four years of dating; they were &quot;counting down the days until marriage&quot; but due to their busy schedules, they may have decided to make the decision this year |url=https://www.nikkansports.com/entertainment/news/202410260001192.html?Page=1&amp;mode=all |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=nikkansports.com |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Takeuchi ta fito a cikin mujallar mata ''Mina'', bayan ta lashe jarrabawar ''Mina Kare Grand Prix'', wanda mutane 2,457 suka fafata.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mainichi Shimbun&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 20, 2013 |script-title=ja:mina：初男性モデルに元ヴェルディユースの竹内峻さん 「彼氏にしたい」で2500人から選出 |url=http://kirei.mainichi.jp/kireinews/news/20130420dog00m100015000c.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140828181704/http://kirei.mainichi.jp/kireinews/news/20130420dog00m100015000c.html |archive-date=August 28, 2014 |access-date=2015-06-12 |publisher=Mainichi Shimbun |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Shukan Bunshun Web&quot;/&gt; Ya yi aiki a fina-finai da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rissho University&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 4, 2013 |script-title=ja:地球環境科学部2年竹内崚さんが2つのオーディションでグランプリに輝く！ |url=http://www.ris.ac.jp/whatsnew/2013/l10kip000003zhis.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509103428/http://www.ris.ac.jp/whatsnew/2013/l10kip000003zhis.html |archive-date=May 9, 2015 |access-date=2015-06-12 |publisher=Rissho University |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga 2014 zuwa 2015 Takeuchi ya buga wasan kwaikwayo, Shinnosuke Tomari / ''Kamen Rider Drive'' a Kamen Ride Drive . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 28, 2014 |script-title=ja:最新作『仮面ライダードライブ』は史上初・バイクに乗らず車に乗る刑事ライダー |url=http://news.mynavi.jp/news/2014/08/28/256/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709071748/http://news.mynavi.jp/news/2014/08/28/256/ |archive-date=July 9, 2015 |access-date=2015-06-12 |publisher=MyNavi News |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 28, 2014 |script-title=ja:新人俳優&quot;竹内涼真、新仮面ライダーに抜てき「1年間、全力で」 |url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2041476/full/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924151035/http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2041476/full/ |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |access-date=2015-06-12 |publisher=Oricon Style |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 28, 2014 |script-title=ja:竹内涼真 新ライダーはサッカー選手からの&quot;変身&quot;「おじが泣いて喜んだ」 |url=http://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/news/2014/08/28/kiji/K20140828008827680.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901005907/http://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/news/2014/08/28/kiji/K20140828008827680.html |archive-date=September 1, 2015 |access-date=2015-06-12 |publisher=Sports Nippon |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 2016, Takeuchi na ɗaya daga cikin masu cin nasara uku na 2016 Best Stylish Award . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Riyoma Takeuchi Kamen Rider Driver Receives Best Styling Award 2016 |url=http://nihonhero.weebly.com/nihon-hero/ryoma-takeuchi-kamen-rider-drive-receives-best-styling-award-2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124092234/http://nihonhero.weebly.com/nihon-hero/ryoma-takeuchi-kamen-rider-drive-receives-best-styling-award-2016 |archive-date=2016-11-24 |access-date=2016-11-23 |website=nihonhero |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2017, Takeuchi ya sami matsayi mai ban mamaki a matsayin Jun'ichiro Shimatani a cikin NHK Morning Drama (Asadora) ''Hiyokko'', a matsayin Hajime Mugino a cikin NTV Drama ''Kahogo no Kahoko'' kuma a matsayin Hiroto Mogi a cikin TBS Sunday Drama ''Rikuoh'' .

A watan Janairun 2020, ya taka rawar farko a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lahadi (TBS) a cikin Ship of Theseus . Shi ne mafi ƙanƙanta da ya jagoranci a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lahadi yana da shekaru 26.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=交際報道の「山﨑賢人」「広瀬すず」それぞれTBSのドラマ主演決定 「日曜劇場」「火10」の人気枠で |url=https://www.dailyshincho.jp/article/2022/07161101/ |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=デイリー新潮 |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==

=== Fim din ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
!Bayani
!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2014
|''Kamen Rider × Kamen Ride Drive &amp;amp;amp; Gaim: Movie War Full Throttle''
|Shinnosuke Tomari / Kamen Rider Drive
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Tomari&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja: 仮面ライダードライブ |url=https://www.tv-asahi.co.jp/drive/sphone/cast/ |access-date=April 1, 2021 |website=TV Asahi |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2015
|''Super Hero Taisen GP: Kamen Rider 3''
|Shinnosuke Tomari / Kamen Rider Drive
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Tomari&quot; /&gt;
|-
|''Kamen Rider Drive: Abin mamaki Makomar''
|Shinnosuke Tomari / Kamen Rider Drive
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Tomari&quot; /&gt;
|-
|''Kamen Rider × Kamen Ride Ghost &amp;amp;amp; Drive: Super Movie War Farawa''
|Shinnosuke Tomari / Kamen Rider Drive
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Tomari&quot; /&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2016
|''Yell don Blue Sky''
|Daisuke Yamada
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref name=&quot;RS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja: 竹内涼真がより気になる存在に？『竹内涼真の撮休』にみる、『撮休』シリーズのマジック |url=https://realsound.jp/movie/2020/11/post-648873.html |access-date=April 1, 2021 |website=Real Sound |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Kamen Rider Heisei Generations: Dokta Pac-Man vs. Tsohon Taimako &amp; Ghost tare da Legend Rider''
|Shinnosuke Tomari / Kamen Rider Drive
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Tomari&quot; /&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|''Teiichi: Yaƙin Mafi Girma''
|Dan Ōtaka
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;RS&quot; /&gt;
|-
|''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Yan sanda na karshe na MOVIE''
|Shogo Wakayama
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=「ラストコップ」唐沢寿明×窪田正孝×藤木直人×竹内涼真のアクションシーン到着 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/232261 |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=映画ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2023-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705155722/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/232261 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018
|''Malamin na, Ƙaunar ta''
|Yoshitaka Hiromitsu
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref name=&quot;RS&quot; /&gt;
|-
|''Ku gudu! T Kungiyar Kwando ta Makarantar Sakandare''
|Jun Sato
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=竹内涼真が「走れ！T校バスケット部」出演、志尊淳の頼れる先輩に（コメントあり） |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/283259 |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=映画ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2018-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523100208/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/283259 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
|''Mai bincike Pikachu''
|Mai horar da Pokémon na namiji
|Cameo; fim din Amurka
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja: 竹内涼真、『名探偵ピカチュウ』本編にカメオ出演！「夢に一歩近づくことができました」 |url=https://www.cinemacafe.net/article/2019/04/05/60998.html |access-date=April 1, 2021 |website=Cinema Cafe |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Lokaci na Ƙaunar''
|Issei Asami
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja: 緑黄色社会の演奏に涙、M!LK板垣瑞生「初恋ロスタイム」挨拶で初主演作への思い語る |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/345970 |access-date=April 1, 2021 |website=Natalie |language=ja |archive-date=November 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128093341/https://natalie.mu/music/news/345970 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2021
|''Rana Har yanzu tana tsaye''
|Ryōichi Taoka
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;TSSS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja: 藤原竜也&amp;竹内涼真の心臓に爆弾が！『太陽は動かない』超特報&amp;ビジュアル解禁 |url=https://www.crank-in.net/news/71762/1 |access-date=April 1, 2021 |website=Crank-in! |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2022
|''Sarkin Deer''
|Hossal (murya) 
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja: 堤真一、竹内涼真、杏がアニメ映画「鹿の王」に声の出演、特報も公開 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/422663 |access-date=April 1, 2021 |website=Natalie |language=ja |archive-date=March 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331233204/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/422663 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Akira da Akira''
|Akira Yamazaki
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja: 竹内涼真VS横浜流星！ 池井戸潤「アキラとあきら」映画化に主演 |url=https://eiga.com/news/20211124/3/ |access-date=November 24, 2021 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2024
|''Ƙaunarka a matsayin Duniya ta Ƙarshen Fim ɗin''
|Hibiki Mamiya
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=劇場版 君と世界が終わる日に FINAL : 作品情報 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/98592/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=映画.com |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2025
|''10Dance''
|Shin'ya Suzuki
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=10DANCE |url=https://eiga.com/movie/102984/ |access-date=26 November 2024 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

=== Shirye-shiryen talabijin da yanar gizo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
!Cibiyar sadarwa
!Bayani
!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2018
|''Kahoko mai kariya sosai: 2018 Love &amp; Dream''
|Hajime Mugino
|NTV
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=過保護のカホコ2018～ラブ&amp;ドリーム～ |url=https://www.ntv.co.jp/kahogo-kahoko/special2018/ |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=日本テレビ |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
|''Rocket na Musamman na Downtown''
|Yosuke Tachibana
|TBS
|
|
|-
|''Hiyokko 2''
|Jun'ichiro Shimatani
|NHK
|Kashi na 3
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-03-28 |title=『ひよっこ2』は若手役者たちの成長の見せ場に 竹内涼真=島谷純一郎が語った&quot;自分の原点&quot; |url=https://realsound.jp/movie/2019/03/post-338161.html |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Real Sound{{pipe}}リアルサウンド 映画部 |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
|''Ka Ƙauna Ka Kamar Duniya Ƙarshen Musamman''
|Hibiki Mamiya
|NTV
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=日本テレビ放送網株式会社 |title=君と世界が終わる日に 特別編{{pipe}}日本テレビ |url=https://www.ntv.co.jp/kimiseka/special/ |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=日本テレビ |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2023
|''Ka Ƙauna Ka Kamar Duniya Ƙarshen Musamman 2''
|Hibiki Mamiya
|NTV
|Matsayin jagora
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=日本テレビ放送網株式会社 |title=「君と世界が終わる日に」ファイナル・プロジェクト始動！SPドラマ放送・Season4配信・映画化決定 竹内涼真が意気込み語る |url=https://www.ntv.co.jp/kimiseka/articles/205634eiy9mbpqrj5jft.html |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=日本テレビ |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Mutumin da aka Bayyana: Wanda ake zargi da fuskoki uku''
|Shuta Motomura
|Talabijin na Tokyo
|Matsayin jagora
|
|}

== manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sarauniya Washio</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T02:26:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>13371</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 18 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>893293</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="30250" sha1="dx0vn3az1c0jeal466mol9pl7hoxm21" xml:space="preserve"> {{databox}}

Reina Washio (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1994) mawaƙiya ce ta kasar Japan, mai wasan kwaikwayo kuma samfurin. Ta kasance tsohuwar memba na ƙungiyar [[J-pop|J-Pop]] E-girls kuma tsohuwar memba ta Flower . Washio yana wakiltar [[LDH (company)|LDH]].

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Reina Washio a ranar 20 ga watan Janairu shekara ta, 1994, asim, Saga Prefecture, Japan . Tun daga makarantar sakandare, tana da mafarki na zama mawaƙa. Koyaya, ba ta da tabbacin raira waƙa a fili kuma yarinya ce mai jin kunya. Wani canji a rayuwarta shine halartar kide-kide daga Exile a Fukuoka Dome tare da mahaifiyarta. Washio ta yi sha'awar aikin da suka yi da cewa bayan koyon EXPG (makarantar basira da LDH ke gudanarwa) za ta buɗe a [[Fukuoka]], ta fara halarta a shekarar farko ta makarantar sakandare. Don samun damar biyan kuɗin EXPG Fukuoka, ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Karatsu. Washio ta fice daga makaranta bayan shekara ta farko ta makarantar sakandare don mayar da hankali kan zama mawaƙa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-04-28 |title=Ｅ―ｇｉｒｌｓ鷲尾伶菜、きつくても波乱万丈でも選んだ道が自分の正解 |url=https://hochi.news/articles/20180427-OHT1T50196.html |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=スポーツ報知 |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baya ga Exile, mawaƙan Jafananci YUJ wani babban tasiri ne na kiɗa a lokacin yarinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Flower、JUJUカバーが映画主題歌に 岩田剛典×高畑充希W主演『植物図鑑』 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2060739/full/ |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=ORICON NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
A cikin 2011, bayan halartar EXPG Fukuoka na tsawon shekaru biyu, Washio ta shiga cikin EXILE Presents VOCAL BATTLE AUDITION 3 ~For Girls~ a cikin sashin murya. A ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, a lokacin wani taron ''E-Girls SHOW'' a SHIBUYA-AX, an bayyana cewa tana ɗaya daga cikin masu cin nasara na VOCAL BATTLE AUDITION 3 kuma an kara ta zuwa Flower a matsayin mai murya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 November 2014 |title=&quot;EXILEの妹分&quot;新生FLOWER、5人加入し9人体制で10月デビュー |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2000168/full/ |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=ORICON NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wannan rana, an kuma sanar da ita a matsayin sabon memba na E-girls, tana da matsayi na lokaci guda tsakanin kungiyar da Flower. A ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2011, Washio ta fara fitowa tare da Flower tare da &quot;Still&quot;.

A watan Satumbar 2015 ta fara bugawa a matsayin samfurin a cikin fitowar Nuwamba na mujallar kayan ado ta Japan ''LARM'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=鷲尾伶菜「LARME」に初登場「E-girlsとは違った一面」 - モデルプレス |url=https://mdpr.jp/review/detail/1523954 |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=モデルプレス - ライフスタイル・ファッションエンタメニュース |language=ja |archive-date=2020-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329001945/https://mdpr.jp/review/detail/1523954 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin wannan shekarar, ta fara fitowa a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen Kindaichi Shonen Case Book R - Bloodless Murder Case -.[2][3]''Kindaichi Shonen Case Book R - Kisan kai mara jini -.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 October 2018 |title=Flower鷲尾伶菜、『金田一』で声優初挑戦 新曲がEDテーマに決定 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2059153/full/ |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=ORICON NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 October 2018 |title=『金田一少年の事件簿R』新シリーズの見どころは？ |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2060216/full/ |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=ORICON NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;''

A ranar 20 ga Satumba, 2019, Fure da sanarwar rushewar Flower da aka shirya don ƙarshen wannan watan, Washio ta bayyana cewa za ta kusanci sabon burinta na ayyukan solo yayin da take memba na E-girls.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=鷲尾伶菜からファンの皆様へ {{!}} NEWS |url=https://m.egfamily-m.jp/news/detail?news_id=20448 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=E.G.family mobile |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=Flower中島美央が妊娠＆入籍、グループは今月をもって解散（コメントあり） |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/348448 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2019-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920114123/https://natalie.mu/music/news/348448 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 22 ga watan Disamba, tare da sanarwar rushewar E-girls da aka shirya a ƙarshen 2020, an bayyana cewa Washio za ta fara yin ta farko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=LDH |date= |title=E.G.F.C.-E.G.family OFFICIAL FAN CLUB- |url=https://egfc.jp/news-detail/3959 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=E.G.F.C.-E.G.family OFFICIAL FAN CLUB- |archive-date=2020-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324180555/https://egfc.jp/news-detail/3959 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=E-girls、2020年いっぱいで解散「いただいた愛をしっかり返す1年に」（コメントあり） |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/360558 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2019-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222072648/https://natalie.mu/music/news/360558 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2020, an ba da sanarwar cewa za ta raira waƙar taken fim din Shousetsu no Kamisama / The God of Novels, mai taken &quot;Call Me Sick&quot;, da kuma waƙar da aka saka na sauti mai taken &quot;Konna Sekai ni Shita no wa Dare da&quot;. An kuma bayyana cewa za ta yi amfani da sunan mataki Rei don ayyukanta na solo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=E-girls鷲尾伶菜ソロプロジェクト始動、第1弾は佐藤大樹＆橋本環奈映画主題歌 |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/365303 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329001947/https://natalie.mu/music/news/365303 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=橋本環奈が佐藤大樹をビンタ！鷲尾伶菜のソロ曲収めた「小説の神様」予告編 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/367740 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=映画ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329001945/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/367740 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 2022, ta fitar da kundi na farko mai suna &quot;Just Wanna Sing&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=【伶】（れい）1st ALBUM「Just Wanna Sing」4月13日（水）発売決定！ジャケット・アートワーク公開！ - ニュース |url=https://www.galpo.info/news/4239 |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=アイドル・ガールズポップ＆ロック専門情報サイト「ガルポ！」 |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Washio yana da kyakkyawar abota da mawaƙa MACO kuma haɗuwa da su biyu ana kiransu ''Washimaco''. Sun hada kai a kan waƙar &quot;Dear My Friend&quot; wanda aka saki a watan Yunin 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 August 2018 |title=MACO、親友のE-girls鷲尾伶菜とデュエット「最高で最幸な1日」 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2117611/full/ |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=ORICON NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=MACOとFlower鷲尾伶菜の&quot;わしまこ&quot;が仲良く「さしめし」 |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/230028 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2025-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119193006/https://natalie.mu/music/news/230028 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=MACO、新曲で鷲尾伶菜とコラボ「何年経っても歌い続けたい最高な曲」（コメントあり） |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/281635 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2018-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162207/https://natalie.mu/music/news/281635 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Washio kuma mai son yin wasa ne. Sau da yawa tana buga wasannin bidiyo na hadin gwiwa kamar ''Fortnite'' da Call of Duty tare da Sandaime J Soul Brothers 'Elly, The Rampage daga Takahide Suzuki na Exile Tribe da Ballistik Boyz daga Ryusei Kainuma na Exile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 August 2019 |title=三代目JSB・ELLY、岩田剛典・鷲尾伶菜からオコエ・八村塁まで『フォートナイト』交友録を明かす |url=https://realsound.jp/tech/2019/08/post-404639.html |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=Real Sound｜リアルサウンド テック |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Yunin 2019 ta yi tafiya zuwa [[California]] tare da Elly don shiga a matsayin mai baƙo a cikin Fortnite Summer Block Party, gasar caca ta Pro-Am.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 June 2019 |title=『フォートナイト』三代目JSBのELLYとE-girls 鷲尾伶菜 独占インタビュー：「フォトナはスーパーエンターテイメント！！」 |url=https://fpsjp.net/archives/333323 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=EAA!! - FPS News |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt; A can, ta haɗu da BELL na ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Japan CRAZY Raccoon . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 June 2019 |title=三代目JSB・ELLY ＆ E-girls・鷲尾伶菜、『フォートナイト』世界大会に参戦 1万人の観客沸かせる |url=https://realsound.jp/tech/2019/06/post-377010.html |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=Real Sound｜リアルサウンド テック |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan da aka yi ==

=== Kundin studio ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
|+Jerin kundin, tare da bayanan da aka zaɓa, matsayi da tallace-tallace
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:12em;&quot; |Taken
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:20em;&quot; |Bayanan kundin
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi mafi girma
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:10em;&quot; |Sayarwa
|-
!Hoton Hoton Hotuna na Oricon&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Oricon Daily AlbumChart&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!BillboardJapanHot AlbumsChart&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Kawai Ka so Ka Raira waƙa''
|
* An saki shi: Afrilu 13, 2022
* Alamar: Sony Music Associated Records
* Tsarin: CD, CD + DVD, sauke dijital
|8&lt;ref name=&quot;oricon.co.jp&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2022年04月11日～2022年04月17日 オリコン週間 アルバムランキング |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ja/w/2022-04-25/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=ORICON NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-04-12 |title=Oricon Daily Album Raking |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ja/d/2022-04-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421034942/https://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ja/d/2022-04-12/ |archive-date=2022-04-21 |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=Oricon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|11&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-04-20 |title=Billboard Japan Hot Albums |url=https://www.billboard-japan.com/charts/detail?a=hot_albums&amp;year=2022&amp;month=04&amp;day=25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420045532/https://www.billboard-japan.com/charts/detail?a=hot_albums&amp;year=2022&amp;month=04&amp;day=25 |archive-date=2022-04-20 |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=Billboard Japan}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,863&lt;ref name=&quot;oricon.co.jp&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Ga ƙaunataccena''
|
* An saki shi: 11 ga Oktoba, 2023
* Alamar: Sony Music Associated Records
* Tsarin: CD, 2CD + Blu-ray, sauke dijital
|10&lt;ref name=&quot;FMD Oricon&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:オリコン週間 アルバムランキング 2023年10月09日～2023年10月15日 |trans-title=Oricon Weekly Album Ranking October 9, 2023 – October 15, 2023 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ja/w/2023-10-23/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018050548/https://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ja/w/2023-10-23/ |archive-date=October 18, 2023 |access-date=October 18, 2023 |publisher=Oricon |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| -
|9&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-10-18 |title=Billboard Japan Hot Albums |url=https://www.billboard-japan.com/charts/detail?a=hot_albums&amp;year=2023&amp;month=10&amp;day=23 |access-date=2023-10-18 |website=Billboard Japan}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,328&lt;ref name=&quot;FMD Oricon&quot; /&gt;
|}

=== Ma'aurata ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Taken
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ranar fitarwa
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Matsayi na jadawalin
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tallace-tallace &lt;small&gt; (Oricon) &lt;/small&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Album
|-
!&lt;small&gt;OriconWeeklySinglesChart&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!&lt;small&gt;BillboardJapanHot 100&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!&lt;small&gt;Makon farko&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!&lt;small&gt;Jimillar&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Oricon&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=オリコンランキング情報サービス「you大樹」 |url=http://ranking.oricon.co.jp |access-date=2012-03-16 |website=[[Oricon]]}} (subscription only)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |&quot;Ka kira ni mai ciwo&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; |2 ga Oktoba, 2020
| - {{Efn|&quot;Call Me Sick&quot; did not enter Oricon Weekly Singles Chart, but peaked at number 19 on the component Oricon Weekly Digital Singles Chart.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/dis/w/2020-10-12/p/2/|script-title=ja: 週間 デジタルシングル（単曲）ランキング 2020年10月12日付（2020年09月28日～2020年10月04日）}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| - {{Efn|&quot;Call Me Sick&quot; did not enter Billboard Japan Hot 100, but peaked at number 16 on the component Billboard Japan Download Songs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard-japan.com/charts/detail?a=dlsongs&amp;year=2020&amp;month=10&amp;day=12|script-title=ja: Download Songs [ 2020/10/07 公開]}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot; |''Kawai Ka so Ka Raira waƙa''
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |&quot;Konna Sekai ni Shita no wa Dare da&quot;&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|({{lang|ja|こんな世界にしたのは誰だ}})}}
| -
| - {{Efn|&quot;Konna Sekai ni Shita no wa Dare da&quot; did not enter Billboard Japan Hot 100, but peaked at number 33 on the component Billboard Japan Download Songs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard-japan.com/charts/detail?a=dlsongs&amp;year=2020&amp;month=10&amp;day=12|script-title=ja: Download Songs [ 2020/10/07 公開]}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |&quot;Shirayukihime - Daga Tashin Farko&quot; {{Small|({{lang|ja|白雪姫}})}} &lt;br /&gt;
|Oktoba 14, 2020
| -
| -
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
| align=&quot;right&quot; ||rowspan=&quot;1&quot; {{N/a|Non-album single}}
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |&quot;Kimi to Nara Ii yo.&quot; (キミと Titoよ.&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|({{lang|ja|キミとならいいよ。}})}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |9 ga Yuni, 2021
| - {{Efn|&quot;Kimi to Nara Ii yo.&quot; did not enter Oricon Weekly Singles Chart, but peaked at number 39 on the component Oricon Weekly Digital Singles Chart.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/dis/w/2021-06-21/p/4/|script-title=ja: 週間 デジタルシングル（単曲）ランキング 2021年06月21日付（2021年06月07日～2021年06月13日）}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| - {{Efn|&quot;Kimi tonara ī yo.&quot; did not enter Billboard Japan Hot 100, but peaked at number 42 on the component Billboard Japan Download Songs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard-japan.com/charts/detail?a=dlsongs&amp;year=2021&amp;month=06&amp;day=21|script-title=ja: Download Songs [ 2021/06/16 公開]}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot; |''Kawai Ka so Ka Raira waƙa''
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |&quot;Ka kira ni mai cutarwa - Daga Tashin Farko&quot;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |Nuwamba 16, 2021
| -
| -
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
| align=&quot;right&quot; ||rowspan=&quot;1&quot; {{N/a|Non-album single}}
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |&quot;Houseki&quot; (feat. Lilas Ikuta) (dutse mai daraja) &lt;br /&gt;{{Small|({{lang|ja|宝石}})}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |Nuwamba 17, 2021
| - {{Efn|&quot;Houseki&quot; did not enter Oricon Weekly Singles Chart, but peaked at number 24 on the component Oricon Weekly Digital Singles Chart.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/dis/w/2021-11-29/p/3/|script-title=ja: 週間 デジタルシングル（単曲）ランキング 2021年11月29日付（2021年11月15日～2021年11月21日）}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| - {{Efn|&quot;Hōseki&quot; did not enter Billboard Japan Hot 100, but peaked at number 24 on the component Billboard Japan Download Songs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard-japan.com/charts/detail?a=dlsongs&amp;year=2021&amp;month=11&amp;day=29|script-title=ja: Download Songs [ 2021/11/24 公開]}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}[i]
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot; |''Kawai Ka so Ka Raira waƙa''
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |&quot;Chiru Chiru Michiru&quot; (散る散る__hau____hau____hau__) {{Efn|&quot;Chiru Chiru Michiru&quot; is also available on the album ''Kino yori Akaku Asu yori Aoku - CINEMA FIGHTERS project -''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://m.ldhgirls-m.jp/news/detail?news_id=35132|script-title=ja: 【伶・iScream参加!!】映画の主題歌を集めたアルバム『昨日より赤く明日より青く -CINEMA FIGHTERS project-』11/26(金)Release！}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|({{lang|ja|散る散る満ちる}})}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |26 ga Nuwamba, 2021
| -
| - {{Efn|&quot;Chiru Chiru Michiru&quot; did not enter Billboard Japan Hot 100, but peaked at number 79 on the component Billboard Japan Download Songs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard-japan.com/charts/detail?a=dlsongs&amp;year=2022&amp;month=01&amp;day=31|script-title=ja: Download Songs [ 2022/01/26 公開]}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |&quot;Encount&quot; (feat. mao sasagawa) &lt;br /&gt;{{Small|({{lang|ja| エンカウント}})}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |21 ga Disamba, 2021
| -
| -
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |&quot;Tsuyoku Hakanai Monotachi&quot; (feat. Tokimeki Records) &lt;br /&gt;{{Small|({{lang|ja| 強く儚い者たち}})}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |Janairu 18, 2023
| -
| -
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |''Ga ƙaunataccena''
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |&quot;Don haka mai jaraba&quot;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |Fabrairu 15, 2023
| - {{Efn|&quot;So Addictive&quot; did not enter Oricon Weekly Singles Chart, but peaked at number 32 on the component Oricon Weekly Digital Singles Chart.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/dis/w/2023-02-27/p/4/|script-title=ja: 週間 デジタルシングル（単曲）ランキング 2023年02月27日付（2023年02月13日～2023年02月19日）}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| - {{Efn|&quot;So Addictive&quot; did not enter Billboard Japan Hot 100, but peaked at number 37 on the component Billboard Japan Download Songs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard-japan.com/charts/detail?a=dlsongs&amp;year=2023&amp;month=02&amp;day=27|script-title=ja: Download Songs [ 2023/02/22 公開]}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |&quot;Gin'iro&quot; (azurfa) &lt;br /&gt;{{Small|({{lang|ja| 銀色}})}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |Satumba 15, 2023
| -
| - {{Efn|&quot;Gin'iro&quot; did not enter Billboard Japan Hot 100, but peaked at number 74 on the component Billboard Japan Download Songs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard-japan.com/charts/detail?a=dlsongs&amp;year=2023&amp;month=09&amp;day=25|script-title=ja: Download Songs [ 2023/09/20 公開]}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|-
|}

=== Kasancewa cikin aiki ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Waƙar
!Mai zane
!Album
!Tabbacin.
|-
|2013
|Shekara Hi no Sayonara&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|({{lang|ja|あの日のさよなら}})}}
|Ayyukan DJ Deckstream. Washio Sarauniya
|''Rubuce-rubuce.JP''
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=DJ DECKSTREAM、メジャー第1作に三浦大知＆鷲尾伶菜 |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/95546 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329182443/https://natalie.mu/music/news/95546 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=DJ DECKSTREAMメジャー初アルバムにライムベリー参加 |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/97067 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329182447/https://natalie.mu/music/news/97067 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2014
|d.w.m
|m-flo + Sarauniya Washio
|''FUTURE WOW''
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=m-floアルバムゲスト第1弾は浜崎あゆみ、SOL、Flower鷲尾 |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/110298 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329182448/https://natalie.mu/music/news/110298 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=[Champagne]川上、m-floと初コラボ「鼓動が高鳴った」 |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/110464 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329182446/https://natalie.mu/music/news/110464 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018
|Abokina ƙaunatacce
|Ayyukan MACO. Washio Sarauniya
|''Mafi kyawun soyayya MACO''
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Yaya game da ƙaunarku?
|Jay'ed &amp; Washio Reina
|UTA MONOGATARI -CINEMA FIGHTERS project- (Bonus CD) 
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=TAKAHIRO、三代目JSB、ジェネらの歌声聴ける「ウタモノガタリ」音楽トレイラー（動画あり） |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/304963 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331190529/https://natalie.mu/music/news/304963 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=「Our Birthday」青柳翔、緊張察したスタッフに&quot;英語クランクアップ&quot;祝われる |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/290206 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=映画ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326200613/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/290206 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=「CINEMA FIGHTERS」第2弾公開決定！TAKAHIRO、岩田剛典、白濱亜嵐ら参加（コメントあり） |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/275469 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=映画ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2019-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019012357/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/275469 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|Labyrinth
|Ayyukan Burning Deadwoods. Sarki
|''T.B.D.''
|
|-
|}

=== Kalmomin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Waƙar
!Mai zane
!Album
!Tabbacin.
|-
|2019
|F
|Fure
|''F''
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Flower鷲尾伶菜、初作詞作曲「F」に込めた想い「メンバーにはバレているんじゃないかな」 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2130511/full/ |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=ORICON NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

=== Rarraba ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Waƙar
!Rarraba
!Tabbacin.
|-
|Ka kira Ni Marasa lafiya
|taken waƙar fim din ''Shousetsu no Kamisama / Allah na Littattafai''
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;
|-
|Konna Sekai ni Shita no wa Dare da&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|({{lang|ja|こんな世界にしたのは誰だ}})}}
|saka waƙar fim din ''Shousetsu no Kamisama / Allah na Littattafai''
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Don haka mai jaraba
|taken waƙa na wasan kwaikwayo na TX Network na 2023 ''Otto wo Shakaiteki ni Massatsu suru 5-tsu no Hoho / 5 Hanyoyi don Kashe Mijinka''
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 5, 2023 |title=伶、馬場ふみか＆野村周平主演ドラマ「夫を社会的に抹殺する5つの方法」の主題歌担当 |trans-title=Rei will be in charge of the theme song for the drama &quot;Five Ways to Socially Erase Your Husband&quot; starring Fumika Baba and Shuhei Nomura |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/507739 |access-date=June 3, 2024 |website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |publisher=Natasha, Inc. ([[KDDI|KDDI Corporation]]) |language=ja |archive-date=July 24, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724170800/https://natalie.mu/music/news/507739 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Hotunan fina-finai ==

=== Yin wasan kwaikwayo na murya ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
!Cibiyar sadarwa
!Tabbacin.
|-
|2015
|''Kindaichi Shonen Case Book R - Kisan kai mara jini -''
|Kaori Tengen
|Yomiuri Talabijin
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2015 |title=Flower鷲尾伶菜、声優に初挑戦「また夢が一つ叶いました」 - モデルプレス |url=https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/1522964 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=モデルプレス - ライフスタイル・ファッションエンタメニュース |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
|}

=== Talabijin na Intanet ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Taken
!Cibiyar sadarwa
!Bayani
!Tabbacin.
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2019
|''Na fada cikin soyayya da kai a yau. Summer Vacation Edition / Kyo, Suki ko Narimashita. Hutun bazara''
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |AbemaTV
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Shaidar soyayya
|
|-
|''Na fada cikin soyayya da kai a yau. Taiwan Edition / Kyo, Suki ko Narimashita. Taiwan''
|
|-
|''Na fada cikin soyayya da kai a yau. Guam Edition / Kyo, Suki ko Narimashita. Guam''
|
|-
|2019–2020
|''Na fada cikin soyayya da kai a yau. Winter Vacation Edition / Kyo, Suki ko Narimashita. Hutun hunturu''
|
|-
|2020
|''Na fada cikin soyayya da kai a yau. Graduation Edition / Kyo, Suki ko Narimashita. Karatun karatu''
|
|}

=== Rediyo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Taken
!Tashar
!Bayani
!Tabbacin.
|-
|2017–2019
|''Avalon''
|J-WAVE
|Mai ba da hanya na mako-mako
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=J-WAVE秋の改編でグローバー、ネバヤン、鷲尾伶菜ら新レギュラーに |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/250285 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329220604/https://natalie.mu/music/news/250285 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=E-girls 鷲尾・佐藤・須田・山口が選ぶ&quot;泣ける歌&quot; |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/article/576364/ |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=ORICON NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=E-girls・鷲尾伶菜「聴いて切なくなりました」 定番の卒業ソングTOP3を発表！ |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/article/731336/ |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=ORICON NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Bidiyo na kiɗa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Taken
!Mai zane
!Tabbacin.
|-
|2015
|Gobe (A kusa da Hoton Duniya) 
|Masu zane-zane daban-daban
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 January 2015 |title=Flower鷲尾伶菜、日本代表として名曲を歌唱 - モデルプレス |url=https://mdpr.jp/music/detail/1459758 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=モデルプレス - ライフスタイル・ファッションエンタメニュース |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=「アニー」の名曲を世界各国の人々がマイクリレー、日本代表は鷲尾伶菜 |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/136006 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329182446/https://natalie.mu/music/news/136006 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Rayuwa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Taken
!Mai zane
!Tabbacin.
|-
|2014
|FUTURE WOW
|m-flo
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=m-flo、いよいよ明日からスタートする「FUTURE IS WOW」ツアーのスペシャルゲスト、グッズ、新システム&quot;WOW SYSTEM&quot;に注目 |url=https://iflyer.tv/article/2014/05/29/mflo-futureiswowtour-iyoiyostart/ |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=iFLYER.tv}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=m-floが川上洋平、鷲尾伶菜ら仲間と踊り狂ったツアー初日 |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/117879 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329182445/https://natalie.mu/music/news/117879 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=代々木でm-flo、和田アキ子、三代目ら熱演 |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/124146 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329182444/https://natalie.mu/music/news/124146 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2017
|BPM Ƙungiyar ta 1st Anniversary
|Masu zane-zane daban-daban
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=SECOND、TAKAHIRO、鷲尾伶菜らがビルボードで魅せた「BPM」1周年ライブ（写真12枚） |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/253896 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329220601/https://natalie.mu/music/news/253896 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Abubuwan da suka faru ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Taken
!Tabbacin.
|-
|2012
|Kyautar 'yan mata ta 2012 A/W
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MODEL {{!}} ガールズアワード {{!}} GirlsAward 2012 AUTUMN/WINTER Official WEB |url=https://2012aw.girls-award.com/pc/model.php |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=2012aw.girls-award.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2016
|Lawson Osaifu Ponta Nighter Tokyo Yakult Swallows vs Yomiuri Giants Opening bikin
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-10-01 |title=9月9日（金）巨人戦で「ローソン おさいふPontaナイター」を開催します {{!}} 東京ヤクルトスワローズ |url=http://www.yakult-swallows.co.jp/news/detail/19839 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001194907/http://www.yakult-swallows.co.jp/news/detail/19839 |archive-date=2016-10-01 |access-date=2020-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=INC |first=SANKEI DIGITAL |title=鷲尾伶菜 「１００点満点」始球式 |url=https://www.sankei.com/photo/story/news/160909/sty1609090026-n1.html |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=産経フォト |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Sauran ayyukan ==

* Hizen, memba na goyon bayan Saga &quot;Hizen, Saga FAN&quot; (2018) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=原泰久が故郷・佐賀のイベント用に鍋島直正のイラストを描き下ろし |url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/270266 |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=コミックナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329083135/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/270266 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist|30em}}

== manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>dx0vn3az1c0jeal466mol9pl7hoxm21</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Roshani Rasaili</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>96985</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893220</id>
      <parentid>889653</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T20:22:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>13371</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>893220</origin>
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      <text bytes="13172" sha1="g515fkw6didkn78qxmn6i63t3dy26nh" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Roshani Rasaili ([[Nepali]])  ''' mawaƙiya ce ta ƙasar Nepal. An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar kiɗa ta Nepali. An haife ta ne a shekarar 1984 a Gundumar Baglung ta [[Nepal]] . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=मौलिकता बोकेका गीतमा रसाइली |url=https://ehimalayatimes.com/2023/04/112137/ |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Himalaya Times |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rasaili ta fara aikinta na kiɗa a shekara ta 2009 tare da sakin waƙarta ta farko, ''&quot;Kati Palayo Dali&quot;.'' Tare da aiki na tsawon shekaru 14 a fagen kiɗa, ta zama fitacciyar mutum a cikin duet da waƙoƙin [[gargajiya]]. &quot;Mutu bijhaune&quot; ita ce kundi na farko na kiɗa a cikin mai ɗaukar kiɗa.&lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Music is lifeblood of human existence |url=https://annapurna-express.prixa.net/story/46817/ |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=The Annapurna Express |language=Nepali}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Game da ==
Roshani Rasaili mawaƙiya ce ta mutanen Nepalese . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-02-25 |title='स्वरले साथ दिएसम्म गाइरहने छु' |url=https://www.drishtinews.com/archives/228937 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Drishti News - Nepalese News Portal |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ta kasance mai aiki sosai fiye da shekaru 15.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=काठमाडौँ |first=नागरिक संवाददाता |title=रोशनीको गायन यात्रा |url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/arts/771711-1647752370.html |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com |language=ne}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot;33 kilo sun&quot;&quot;,''Batti Pasal''&quot;, &quot;''Sali bina''&quot; wasu sanannun waƙoƙi ne a cikin aikinta na kiɗa.An ba ta lambar yabo ta Kyautar Kyautar Mata mafi Kyau a cikin Kayan Kiɗa da Nishaɗi (Kudancin Asiya Partnership Summit &amp; Business Excellence Awards 10 Disamba 2021, Colombo, [[Sri Lanka]]) da Kyautar Duet da Folk Singer a Kyautar Kiɗa da Fim ta Star a cikin 2021.&lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-03-23 |title=लोकगायनकी रोशनी भन्छिन्- काठमाडौं टेकेदेखि निरन्तर गायनमै छु |url=https://www.drishtinews.com/archives/234961 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Drishti News - Nepalese News Portal |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
Rasaili da Ramesh Shivashankar sun haɗu cikin aure bayan gamuwarsu ta farko a [[Kathmandu]] a cikin shekarar 2010. An gudanar da bikin aurensu a Nepal a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha daya 2011.

== Album ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!SN
!Sunan kundi
!Ranar fitarwa
!ref
|-
|1
|Kyautar Mutuwa
|2009 AD
|&lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Music is lifeblood of human existence |url=https://annapurna-express.prixa.net/story/46817/ |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=The Annapurna Express |language=Nepali}}
[[Rukuni:CS1 Nepali-language sources (ne)]]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|Murchhapari Chheuma Dhalda ni
|2011 AD
|
|-
|3
|Sanai Chha Ummera
|2011 AD
|
|-
|4
|Waƙar Facebook
|2019 AD
|
|-
|5
|33 kilo Rana
|2018 AD
|&lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=मौलिकता बोकेका गीतमा रसाइली |url=https://ehimalayatimes.com/2023/04/112137/ |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=Himalaya Times |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|6
|Garchhu Maya Garchhu
|2021 AD
|
|}

== Waƙoƙi ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!SN
!Sunan Waƙar
!Ranar fitarwa
!ref
|-
|1
|33 kilo rana
|Agusta 12, 2018
|&lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=मौलिकता बोकेका गीतमा रसाइली |url=https://ehimalayatimes.com/2023/04/112137/ |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=Himalaya Times |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|Bhatti Pasal
|Satumba 13, 2018
|&lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=लोकगीतमा रमाउँदै 'रोशनी' |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/368215/roshni-rasaili- |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=www.ratopati.com |language=Nepali}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|3
|Sali Bhena
|Disamba 11, 2019
|
|-
|4
|Chautari Ma Bar Chhha
|Agusta 9, 2017
|&lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=रोधीबाट उदाएकी रोशनी |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/77142 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=GorakhaPatra}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|5
|Melamchi Aauchha
|Mayu 9, 2018
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=khabar |first=Entertainment |date=2018-05-17 |title=गायक भोजराज काफ्लेको आफ्नै पहलमा मेलम्चीको पानि काठमाडौँमा (भिडियो सहित) |url=https://www.entertainmentkhabar.com/details/9218.html |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=Entertainment Khabar |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930204525/https://www.entertainmentkhabar.com/details/9218.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|6
|Dada Ghare Kanchhi
|Agusta 2, 2015
|
|-
|7
|Yespali Teej Ma Selfie Khichinchha
|Agusta 21, 2015
|&lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;drishtinews.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-03-23 |title=लोकगायनकी रोशनी भन्छिन्- काठमाडौं टेकेदेखि निरन्तर गायनमै छु |url=https://www.drishtinews.com/archives/234961 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=Drishti News - Nepalese News Portal |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|8
|Euta Hoton Khichi Deuna
|Yuli 26, 2016
|
|-
|8
|Herna Jauna fim
|Satumba 6, 2016
|
|-
|9
|Sanai Chha Umera
|2011
|
|-
|10
|Mutumin Tehiketi Paryo
|Afrilu 8, 2018
|
|-
|11
|Garchhu Maya Garchhu
|Agusta 7 2021
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=गायिका रोशनी रसाइलीको तीज गीत &quot;गर्छु माया गर्छु&quot; |url=https://farakpost.com/2021/08/08/633/ |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Farakpost }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|12
|Mai Ramri Chhu Re
|15 ga Oktoba 2015
|
|-
|13
|Kavre ma Ghar chha - Sashe na 1
|Disamba 3 2014
|
|-
|14
|Kavre ma Ghar chha - Sashe na 2
|Nuwamba 24 2021
|
|}

== Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!SN
!Kyautar Kyauta
!Sashe
!Sunan Waƙar
!Sakamakon
!Ref
|-
|1
|Taron hadin gwiwar Asiya ta Kudu da Kyautar Kasuwanci (''Kyautar kasa da kasa daga srilanka'') 
|Kyautar Kyautar Kyautattun Mata a cikin Masana'antar Kiɗa da Nishaɗi
|
|ya lashe
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=काठमाडौँ |first=नागरिक संवाददाता |title=रोशनीको गायन यात्रा |url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/arts/771711-1647752370.html |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com |language=ne}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|Kyautar Teej Musc ta 8th Khayachhabi-2021
|Mafi Kyawun Teej Song Singer
|Garchhu Maya garchhu
|ya lashe
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Raut |first=Kumar |date=2021-09-08 |title=२९ विधामा आठौं छायाछवि तीज म्युजिक अवार्ड : RajdhaniDaily.com |url=https://rajdhanidaily.com/id/46184/ |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=राजधानी राष्ट्रिय दैनिक (लोकप्रिय राष्ट्रिय दैनिक)-RajdhaniDaily.com - Online Nepali News Portal-Latest Nepali Online News portal of Nepali Polities, economics, news, top stories, national, international, politics, sports, business, finance, entertainment, photo-gallery, audio, video and more... |language=ne-NP}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=छायाँछवि तीज म्युजिक अवार्डको उत्कृष्ट ५ मनोनयन सार्वजनिक |url=https://ekagaj.com/article/arts/24007/?v=1?v=1?v=1 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=ekagaj }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|3
|Kyautar ɗan ƙasa mai kirkirar ƙasa ta 2023
|Mafi Kyawun Mawallafin Duet
|
|ya lashe
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=News Desk |date=2023-04-08 |title=गायिका रोशनी 'राष्ट्रिय क्रियटिभ नागरिक अवार्ड'द्वारा सम्मानीत |url=https://akhabartoday.com/2023/04/08/66117 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=Akhabar Today |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|4
|Kyautar kiɗa da fim na 2021
|Mafi Kyawun Duet da Folk Singer
|Sali Bhina
|ya lashe
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=स्टार म्युजिक एण्ड फिल्मस अवार्ड-२०७८ सम्पन्न |url=https://www.nagariktimes.com/2021/12/175882/ |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=NagarikTimes : National News Portal From Kathmandu |language=en |archive-date=2023-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708121323/https://www.nagariktimes.com/2021/12/175882/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|5
|Kyautar Kiɗa ta Sagarmatha 2023
|Mafi kyawun Mawallafin Folk-pop
|Furfur Putali
|ya lashe
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=लोक गायिका तीर्थकुमारी थापालाई सगरमाथा लाइफटाइम अचिभमेन्ट |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/390435/award |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=www.ratopati.com |language=Nepali}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|6
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Masu juriya ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!SN
!Sunan
!Ref
|-
|1
|Kyautar Samabesi ta 6
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=म्युजिक अवार्डबाट गीतकार सुवेदीसहित ४२ जना पुरस्कृत |url=https://www.newsofnepal.com/2023/03/14/559080/ |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=News of Nepal |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=समावेशी म्युजिक अवार्डबाट गीतकार सुवेदीसहित ४२ जना पुरस्कृत |url=https://onlineradionepal.gov.np/2023/03/14/377001.html |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=रेडियो नेपाल |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|Kyautar Kyautar Kyauta ta 3
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-08-08 |title=डा.भोला रिजाललाई पच्चिस हजार नगद सहित 'जिनियस म्युजिक दिर्घ साधना सम्मान' |url=https://rastrapress.com/?p=14193 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=Rastra Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;drishtinews.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-03-23 |title=लोकगायनकी रोशनी भन्छिन्- काठमाडौं टेकेदेखि निरन्तर गायनमै छु |url=https://www.drishtinews.com/archives/234961 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=Drishti News - Nepalese News Portal |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|3
|Na biyu - Kyautar Kiɗa ta Kasa ta Rara
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=रारा राष्ट्रिय म्युजिक अवार्डको निर्णयकमा रोशनी |url=https://ehimalayatimes.com/2024/03/207500/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Himalaya Times |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Daraja ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!SN
!Taken girmamawa
!Ranar
!ref
|-
|1
|Rubuce-rubucen Duniya na Guinness
|2018
|&lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-03-23 |title=लोकगायनकी रोशनी भन्छिन्- काठमाडौं टेकेदेखि निरन्तर गायनमै छु |url=https://www.drishtinews.com/archives/234961 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Drishti News - Nepalese News Portal |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|Kungiyar Masana'antar Kiɗa ta Nepal - '' (Memba Mai Girma) '' 
|2023
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
|3
|3rd Spiny Babbler International Film Festival - 2023
|2023
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Raut |first=Kumar |date=2023-06-08 |title=स्पाइनी ब्याबलर फिल्म महोत्सव सम्पन्न : RajdhaniDaily.com |url=https://rajdhanidaily.com/id/81734/ |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=राजधानी राष्ट्रिय दैनिक (लोकप्रिय राष्ट्रिय दैनिक)-RajdhaniDaily.com - Online Nepali News Portal-Latest Nepali Online News portal of Nepali Polities, economics, news, top stories, national, international, politics, sports, business, finance, entertainment, photo-gallery, audio, video and more... |language=ne-NP}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|4
|Kungiyar Daraktan Fim ta Nepal
|2023
|
|-
|5
|Kyautar Kiɗa ta Kasa ta Rara -2024
|2024
|&lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-02-25 |title='स्वरले साथ दिएसम्म गाइरहने छु' |url=https://www.drishtinews.com/archives/228937 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Drishti News - Nepalese News Portal |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|6
|Kyautar Bishal Lumbini ta Kasa ta Uku - 2024
|2024
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=स्रष्टा सम्मान र्गदै तेस्रो राष्ट्रिय बिशाल लुम्बिनी लोक दोहोरी अवार्ड सम्पन्न |url=https://www.radiomuktinath.org.np/news-details/1712/2024-02-14 |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=ePaschim Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Richard Stanley (darakta)</title>
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      <text bytes="18784" sha1="b1iexncpeo9e8u16f2tsa6yxyi9re68" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Richard Stanley''' ɗan fim ne na Afirka ta Kudu, wanda aka sani da aikinsa a cikin nau'Irin tsoro. Ya fara aikinsa na yin gajeren fina-finai da bidiyon kiɗa, sannan ya jagoranci fina-fallafen Hardware (1990) da Dust Devil (1992). Shi ne darektan asali na &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwFw&quot;&gt;Tsibirin Dr. Moreau&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (1996), amma an kore shi da wuri a cikin babban daukar hoto saboda bambance-bambance masu ban sha'awa, wani labari da aka ba da labari a cikin shirin Lost Soul na 2014: The Doomed Journey of Richard Stanley's Island of Dr. Moreaux . A cikin 2019, ya koma fina-finai bayan sama da shekaru ashirin, yana jagorantar H. P. Lovecraft daidaitawa Color Out of Space .''Launi Daga sararin samaniya.''

== Ayyuka ==

=== Farkon aiki (1983-1987) ===
Shirin farko na Stanley a cikin yin fim ya fara ne a makarantar sakandare inda ya shiga Cibiyar Nazarin Matasa. A nan ne ya kirkiro fim dinsa na farko, Rites of Passage . &lt;ref name=&quot;stanleyRite&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 April 2011 |title=Rites of Passage (1983) |url=http://www.everythingisundercontrol.org/nagtloper/other/short.php |publisher=everythingisundercontrol.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; An harbe shi a kan super-8 stock, gajeren fim din na minti 10 ya jawo kwatanci tsakanin mutum na zamani da mutum na asali. A ƙarshe gajeren ya lashe Stanley lambar yabo ta fim ta IAC International Student Film Trophy a shekarar 1984. &lt;ref name=&quot;stanleyRite&quot; /&gt;

Stanley ya biyo bayan nasararsa ta farko tare da gajeren minti 45 na 8 mm Incidents in a Expanding Universe . &lt;ref name=&quot;stanleyInc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 April 2011 |title=Incidents in an Expanding Universe (1984) |url=http://www.everythingisundercontrol.org/nagtloper/other/incidents.php |publisher=everythingisundercontrol.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa shi a cikin wani abu mai ban mamaki na gaba, fim din ya kafa tushe don Stanley na farko na cyberpunk Hardware. Ya lashe lambar yabo ta IAC Gold Seal &lt;ref name=&quot;stanleyInc&quot; /&gt; kuma daga ƙarshe an samo shi a kan Severin DVD release of Hardware. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 April 2011 |title=Hardware (DVD) |url=http://www.severin-films.com/2009/10/13/this-is-a-movie/ |publisher=severin-films.com |access-date=9 April 2025 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714161452/http://www.severin-films.com/2009/10/13/this-is-a-movie/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A tsakiyar shekarun 1980, Stanley ya fara aiki a kan wasu gajeren gajeren lokaci guda biyu. A cikin Lokacin Ruwa Mai Laushi wani tafiya ne na gaba, amma yawancin hotunan sun ɓace. Dust Devil shine aikinsa na farko a kan 16 mm.&lt;ref name=&quot;stanleyDD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 April 2011 |title=Dust Devil (1985) |url=http://www.everythingisundercontrol.org/nagtloper/other/nhadiep.php |publisher=everythingisundercontrol.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; An yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar jerin kisan da ba a warware su ba a Namibia, &lt;ref name=&quot;stanleyDD&quot; /&gt; wannan gajeren ba a gama shi ba amma ana iya kallon fim din a kan fitowar DVD na Subversive Cinema na fasalin Dust Devil. &lt;ref name=&quot;stanleyDDDVD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 April 2011 |title=Review – Dust Devil: The Final Cut (DVD) |url=http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/24053/dust-devil-the-final-cut/ |publisher=dvdtalk.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bidiyo na kiɗa (1987-1990) ===
Bayan ya koma London, Ingila, Stanley ya fara aiki a cikin bidiyon kiɗa a 1987. Ya ba da umarnin bidiyo ga ƙungiyoyi ciki har da Fields of the Nephilim, Pop Will Eat Itself, da Renegade Soundwave . 

A ƙarshen shekarun 1980 Stanley ya yi tafiya zuwa Afghanistan don yin rikodin Yakin Soviet-Afghan . Stanley da ma'aikatansa sun ga janyewar Sojojin Soviet da kuma saukowar kasar cikin yakin basasa wanda zai kawo [[Taliban]] zuwa mulki. Sakamakon shirin, ''Muryar Wata'', kallo ne na minti 30 game da rayuwar yau da kullun na mutanen Afghanistan da ke ƙoƙarin tsira. Stanley ya kasance a lokacin da aka kewaye [[Jalalabad]], kuma abubuwan da suka faru da suka kewaye da tserewa daga kasar, tare da mutumin kyamararsa da ya ji rauni, Immo Horn, daga baya ya zama tushen rubutun Addicted to Danger, na Sebastian Junger. Ana samun shirin ne a kan fitowar DVD na Subversive Cinema na fasalin Dust Devil . &lt;ref name=&quot;stanleyDDDVD&quot;/&gt;

=== Babban ci gaba (1990-1996) ===
Stanley ya yi fim dinsa na farko tare da fim din fiction na kimiyya mai suna Hardware a cikin 1990. Fim din ya hada da cameos daga mawaƙa Iggy Pop, Carl McCoy da Lemmy. An harbe shi kusan £ 960,000, daga ƙarshe 'yan uwan Weinstein ne suka karbe shi kuma suka sake shi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo a Amurka ta hanyar ƙungiyar Millimeter Films ta farko.

Stanley ya koma asalinsa na Afirka ta Kudu tare da fim mai ban tsoro mai ban tsoro Dust Devil a shekarar 1992. Ya yi niyyar zama fim dinsa na farko, bayan ya rubuta rubutun don shi lokacin da yake dan shekara 16. An fitar da cikakken yanke darektan a hukumance a kan DVD ta hanyar Subversive Cinema a watan Satumbar shekara ta 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;stanleyDDDVD&quot;/&gt;

A cikin 1994, Stanley ya ba da umarnin bidiyon minti 50 don kundin ra'ayi na Marillion, Brave, wanda tun daga lokacin aka saki shi a DVD.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MUSIC – Discography – Before First Light &amp;#124; The Official Marillion Website |url=http://www.marillion.com/music/dvd/bravefilm.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608041555/http://www.marillion.com/music/dvd/bravefilm.htm |archive-date=8 June 2011 |access-date=28 March 2011 |publisher=marillion.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya zai musanta sakamakon, yana mai da'awar an sake shirya kayan don rufe lokacin gudu gaba ɗaya ba tare da yardarsa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;stanleyBrave&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 May 2011 |title=Brave (1994) |url=http://www.everythingisundercontrol.org/nagtloper/other/brave.php |publisher=everythingisundercontrol.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ''Tsibirin Dr. Moreau'' (1996) ===
 
Aikin Stanley na gaba shine babban fim na uku na littafin H. G. Wells The Island of Doctor Moreau don New Line Cinema a cikin 1996. Wani aiki mai ban sha'awa da ke ƙoƙarin kasancewa da gaskiya ga kayan tushe, samar da fim ɗin ya cika da matsaloli tun daga farko, tare da Stanley da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo masu fafutuka, ɗakin shakku da fashewar mummunan yanayi; an kore shi kuma John Frankenheimer ya maye gurbinsa mako guda bayan harbi ya fara. Bayanan da suka shafi shigar Stanley a cikin fim din, wanda daga ƙarshe ya juya nesa da hangen nesa na asali, an kama su a cikin shirin Lost Soul na 2014: The Doomed Journey of Richard Stanley's Island of Dr. Moreau . 

=== Rubutun fina-finai na Indie da shirye-shirye (1996-2019) ===
[[Fayil:Richard_Stanley2.jpg|thumb|Richard Stanley a [[Edinburgh]], Fabrairu 2008]]
Stanley ya kammala The Secret Glory - jarrabawar jami'in SS Otto Rahn na neman Grail Mai Tsarki - a cikin 2001 da The White Darkness - kallon ayyukan voodoo a Haiti - a cikin 2002. Bayan nuna shirye-shiryen bikin da yawa, duka shirye-shirye biyu sun bayyana a cikin akwatin DVD na Dust Devil, wanda Subversive Cinema ya fitar a shekara ta 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;stanleyDD&quot;/&gt;

Kokarin fim na Stanley ya haɗa da gajerun fina-finai da yawa. Yara na Masarautar sun bayyana a cikin tarin gajeren fim na ''Turai - fina-finai 99 na Yuro 2'' a cikin 2003. Labarin almara na kimiyya The Sea of Perdition ya fara ne a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2006 a Festival de Cine de Sitges, kuma tun daga lokacin an samar da shi a kan layi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 February 2007 |title=Vidéos MySpaceTV : The Sea of Perdition par Maria |url=http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.individual&amp;videoid=1957859494 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502180743/http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.individual&amp;videoid=1957859494 |archive-date=2 May 2008 |access-date=28 March 2011 |publisher=Vids.myspace.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a kan sakin DVD na Severin na 2009 na Hardware. An fara gabatar da gajeren ''Black Tulips'' a kan layi a watan Satumbar 2008.&lt;ref&gt;Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/uDh8j_PAxTc Ghostarchive] and the {{Cite web |title=Black Tulips – a film by Richard Stanley |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uDh8j_PAxTc |access-date=28 March 2011 |via=YouTube |archive-date=9 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409104204/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uDh8j_PAxTc |url-status=bot: unknown }}: {{Cite web |title=Black Tulips – a film by Richard Stanley |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uDh8j_PAxTc |access-date=28 March 2011 |via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Stanley ya kasance marubuci-darakta mai ba da gudummawa ga wasan kwaikwayo na 2011 The Theatre Bizarre, tare da karɓar ɗan gajeren labarin &quot;Mother of Toads&quot; na Clark Ashton Smith . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 April 2011 |title=Stanley, Savini et al. create 'The Theatre Bizarre' |url=http://www.fangoria.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=2340%3Astanley-savini-et-al-create-the-theatre-bizarre-exclusive-pics-poster&amp;catid=1%3Alatest-news&amp;Itemid=167 |publisher=fangoria.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga jagorantar, Stanley ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin marubuci. Ya rubuta rubutun don Nacho Cerdà na farko mai suna The Abandoned (2006) kuma ya ba da rubutun don Cerdà mai zuwa mai suna I Am Legion (2012). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 April 2011 |title=Nacho Cerda to tackle WWII vampires in I Am Legion |url=http://www.dreadcentral.com/news/42515/nacho-cerda-tackle-wwii-vampires-i-am-legion |publisher=dreadcentral.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da kari, Stanley ya kasance mai haɗin gwiwar rubutun a kan mai ban tsoro na Italiyanci ''Imago Mortis'' (2009). Stanley ya kuma rubuta wani fim din da ba a yi ba na J. G. Ballard's High Rise tare da darektan Vincenzo Natali .

Stanley ya ƙaddamar da shafin yanar gizon mu'amala Terra Umbra - Empire of Shadows a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2009, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Terra Umbra – Empire of Shadows |url=http://www.shadowtheatre13.com/ |access-date=15 April 2011 |publisher=shadowtheatre13.com |archive-date=2 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110402030750/http://shadowtheatre13.com/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; bincike mai gudana game da duniyar da ba a ganuwa da tarihin da aka ɓoye na kudancin da tsakiyar Turai. Ya kuma saki littafin e-littafi Shadow of the Grail - Magic and Mystery a Montsegur a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 April 2011 |title=Shadow of the Grail |url=https://www.amazon.com/Shadow-of-the-Grail-ebook/dp/B004HFS2K4 |publisher=Innervision Media Ltd}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A farkon shekara ta 2012, an ba da sanarwar cewa Stanley zai hada kai a fim din The Profane Exhibit . Gudummawar Stanley za ta kasance ɗan gajeren ''Coltan'', wanda aka bayyana a matsayin &quot;bincike mai ban sha'awa a cikin Afirka mafi duhu&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 January 2011 |title=Richard Stanley Joins The Profane Exhibit |url=http://www.dreadcentral.com/news/51867/richard-stanley-joins-profane-exhibit |publisher=dreadcentral.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Komawa zuwa al'ada (2018-yanzu) ===
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018, an sanar da shi  Stanley yana dawowa fim tare da daidaitawa da The Colour Out of Space tare da Nicolas Cage ya saita tauraruwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 January 2019 |title=Nicolas Cage Nabs Lead in Sci-Fi Thriller 'Color Out of Space' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/nicolas-cage-nabs-lead-sci-fi-thriller-color-space-1178325 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fim din, Color Out of Space, an sake shi a cikin 2020 kuma ya zama babban nasara  tare da yabo ga Stanley saboda dawowarsa.  &lt;ref name=&quot;rottentomatoes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Color Out of Space (2020) – Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/color_out_of_space |access-date=26 February 2020 |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nme20&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gorman |first=Howard |date=27 February 2020 |title='Color Out of Space' review: Nicolas Cage cracks up in an all-out assault on the senses – NME |url=https://www.nme.com/reviews/film-reviews/color-out-of-space-review-nicolas-cage-2615547/ |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=NME |publisher=Howard Gorman}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;joblo19&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bumbray |first=Chris |date=10 September 2019 |title=Color Out of Space (TIFF 2019 Movie Review) |url=https://www.joblo.com/horror-movies/news/review-color-out-of-space-tiff-2019 |access-date=12 September 2019 |website=Joblo.com |publisher=Chris Bumbray}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin wani Q &amp; A zaman a kan fitowar fim din, Stanley ya bayyana cewa shi ne na farko a cikin trilogy na H.P. Lovecraft gyare-gyare, kuma a halin yanzu yana rubuta gyare- gyare-jaare na The Dunwich Horror .

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, an sanar da shi [1] An sanya hannu kan Stanley a matsayin babban furodusa a cikin fim din Michael Zaiko Hall mai ban tsoro 'The Palace . John Fessler daga Side Street Studios an saita shi don samarwa tare da Ascent Films . Ana ci gaba da yin fim din saboda harbi a ƙarshen lokacin rani a Salem Massachusetts. Fim din, wanda za a kira shi &quot;Richard Stanley Presents The Palace&quot;, masu samarwa sun bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;darajar mai ban tsoro na shekarun 1960 tare da sharhin da ke tattare da halin da ake ciki a yanzu&quot;.

=== Jaridar Paranormal kuma masanin tarihi (2007-yanzu) ===
Stanley ya ba da gudummawar takardu kan tarihin esoteric ga mujallar Sauniere Society da kuma labarai masu yawa ga Fortean Times, babbar mujallar paranormal ta Burtaniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Richard Stanley |url=https://www.innertraditions.com/author/richard-stanley |website=www.innertraditions.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Za a buga tarihin rayuwarsa na masanin tarihin Grail Mai Tsarki na Jamus, Otto Rahn - Grail Hunter a Amurka ta hanyar Inner Traditions a watan Agustan 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Otto Rahn, Grail Hunter |url=https://www.innertraditions.com/otto-rahn-grail-hunter |website=www.innertraditions.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Zargin cin zarafi ===
A watan Maris na 2021, marubuciyar allo Scarlett Amaris, wacce a baya ta yi aiki tare da Stanley a kan ayyukan da yawa, ta yi zargin a cikin wani shafin yanar gizo cewa tana cikin dangantaka mai cin zarafi da shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title='Color Out of Space' director Richard Stanley accused of domestic abuse |url=https://www.nme.com/en_asia/news/film/color-out-of-space-director-richard-stanley-accused-domestic-abuse-2903677 |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=NME}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya SpectreVision, wanda ya samar da Color Out of Space, ya sanar da cewa ba zai sake aiki tare da Stanley ba kuma duk kudaden shiga na gaba daga fim din za a ba da gudummawa ga kungiyoyin agaji na yaki da tashin hankali na gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title='Color Out of Space' Production Company Cuts Ties With Director Richard Stanley After Allegations of Domestic Abuse |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/richard-stanley-dropped-spectrevision-abuse/ |access-date=19 March 2021 |website=/Film}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Haring |first=Bruce |date=18 March 2021 |title='Color Out of Space' Producers SpectreVision Cut Ties With Director Richard Stanley After Domestic Violence Allegations |url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/color-out-of-space-producers-spectrevision-cut-ties-with-director-richard-stanley-domestic-violence-allegations-1234717029/ |access-date=19 March 2021 |website=Deadline}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title='Color Out of Space' Production Company Ends Relationship With Director After Abuse Accusations |url=https://www.thewrap.com/color-out-of-space-production-company-ends-relationship-with-director-after-abuse-accusations/ |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=TheWrap}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 25 ga Oktoba 2021, gidan labarai na nishaɗi Deadline ya ba da rahoton cewa Stanley ya gabatar da korafe-korafe na aikata laifuka don tsegumi da cin zarafi don mayar da martani ga zargin. Fim din Shadowland na 2024 ya biyo bayan batutuwan shari'a na Stanley, kuma ya haɗa da sharhinsa game da zargin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=How ‘Shadowland’ Filmmakers Pivoted to Address Allegations Leveled at Horrormeister Richard Stanley |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/global/shadowland-allegations-richard-stanley-1236150375/ |publisher=variety.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Review: SHADOWLAND, Compelling, Infuriating, And Sobering |url=https://screenanarchy.com/2024/10/beyondfest-2024-review-shadowland-compelling-infuriating-inevitable.html |publisher=screenanarchy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gajeren fim ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:65px;&quot; |Daraktan
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:65px;&quot; |Marubuci
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bayani
|-
|1983
|''Rites na wucewa''| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}
|
|-
|1985
|''Abubuwan da suka faru a cikin sararin samaniya mai fadada''| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1993
|''Mutumin Mai wa'azi''| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sashe na Filin Nephilim: Ru'ya ta Yohanna''Filin Nefilim: Ru'ya ta Yohanna''
|-
|''Ruwa Mai Tsarki''| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}
|-
|2003
|''Yaran Masarautar''| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}
|Sashe na ''Turai - fina-finai 99 na Yuro 2''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2006
|''Rana ta tafi ta lalace''| {{Yes}} | {{Yes}}
|
|-
|''Tekun Faduwa''| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}
|
|-
|2008
|''Black Tulips''| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}
|
|-
|2011
|''Uwar Tsuntsaye''| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}
|Sashe na ''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai ban mamaki''
|}

=== Fim mai ban sha'awa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:65px;&quot; |Daraktan
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:65px;&quot; |Marubuci
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bayani
|-
|1990
|''Kayan aiki''| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}
|
|-
|1992
|''Shaidan Dust''| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}
|
|-
|1994
|''Mai Ƙarfi''| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}
|Bidiyo na kiɗa mai tsawo
|-
|1996
|''Tsibirin Dr. Moreau''| {{No}}| {{Yes}}
|John Frankenheimer ne ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin darektan
|-
|2002
|''Bokshu - Labarin''| {{No}}| {{Yes}}
|
|-
|2006
|''Wadanda aka watsar''| {{No}}| {{Yes}}
|
|-
|2009
|''Imago Mortis''| {{No}}| {{Yes}}
|
|-
|2017
|''Canja wuri''| {{No}}| {{Yes}}
|
|-
|2019
|''Launi Daga sararin samaniya''| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}
|
|}

=== Fim din ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:65px;&quot; |Daraktan
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:65px;&quot; |Marubuci
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:65px;&quot; |Mai gabatarwa
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bayani
|-
|1990
|''Muryar Wata''| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{No}}
|Takaitaccen Bayani
|-
|2001
|''Darajar Asirin''| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}
|
|-
|2002
|''Farin Duhu''| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}
|
|-
|2013
|''Sauran Duniya'' (The Otherworld) | {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{No}}
|
|-
|2024
|''Yankin Inuwa''| {{No}}| {{No}}| {{No}}
|Batun shaida
|}
'''Wanda aka yi hira da shi'''

* Jodorowsky's Dune (2013) 
* Lost Soul: The Doomed Journey of Richard Stanley's Island of Dr. Moreau (2014) 
* 78/52 Hoton Hitchcock (2017) 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>b1iexncpeo9e8u16f2tsa6yxyi9re68</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Jacques Depelchin</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:48:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
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      <text bytes="2418" sha1="q4sjccepa846ktzl90lq29icer7sv7a" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Jacques Depelchin''' (an haife shi 06/03/1942) ɗan tarihi ne kuma ɗan gwagwarmayar Kwango.&lt;ref&gt;Michigan State University Press Authors Biography for Jacques Depelchin&quot;. Archived from the original on 2010-06-30. Retrieved 2011-01-23&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;AfricaFiles | &quot;This war must end&quot;&quot;. www.africafiles.org. Retrieved 2017-11-21&lt;/ref&gt; Shi ne Co-kafa kuma Babban Darakta na Ota Benga International Alliance for Peace a DR Congo.

== Fage ==
Depelchin dan asalin kasar Kwango ya yi karatu a kasashen duniya, inda ya fara karatu a jamhuriyar dimokaradiyyar Congo da jami'ar Lovanium da ke Kinshasa kafin ya koma Ingila don halartar jami'ar Landan, Italiya ya halarci jami'ar Johns Hopkins da kuma Amurka don halartar jami'ar Stanford. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya koyar da tarihin Afirka a jami'o'i da yawa a Amurka, a cikin mahaifarsa, Mozambique da Tanzania.

Depelchin ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin sakatariya ga Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo,&lt;ref&gt;Gana, Aaron Tsado; Samuel G. Egwu (2003). Federalism in Africa: The imperative of democratic development. Africa World Press. p. 34. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-59221-080-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Retrieved 2 February 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ya taimaka wajen kawo Laurent-Désiré Kabila kan mulki.&lt;ref&gt;Duke, Lynne (22 May 1995). &quot;Congo Waits For List of New Rulers; Kabila's Government Still Unannounced&quot;. Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved 2 Feb 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Daga 1996-2002, ya kasance memba na Rally for Congolese Democracy, yana adawa da Kabila, wanda jaridar New York Times ta bayyana a cikin 2000 a cikin shugabannin kungiyar.&lt;ref&gt;Fisher, Ian (13 Feb 2000). &quot;Congo's War Overshadows Tribal Fight&quot;. The New York Times. Retrieved 2 Feb 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

== Littattafai ==
•Maida Tarihin Afirka&lt;ref&gt;Depelchin, Jacques (2011-01-01). Reclaiming African History. Cape Town: Pambazuka Press. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9781906387983&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

•Daga Ƙasar 'Yanci ta Kwango zuwa Zaire (1885-1974): Zuwa Ƙarfafa Tarihin Tattalin Arziki da Siyasa, 1992&lt;ref&gt;From the Congo Free State to Zaire (1885-1974). Towards a Demystification of Economic and Political History&lt;/ref&gt;

•Shiru a Tarihin Afirka, 2000&lt;ref&gt;Depelchin, Jacques (2000-09-05). Silences in African History. Dar es-Salaam: Mkuki Na Nyota Publishers. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9789976973730&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Category:Haifaffun  1942]]
[[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>q4sjccepa846ktzl90lq29icer7sv7a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893148</id>
      <parentid>893146</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:48:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893148</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2424" sha1="9jusste0ly9m6cpr6060w2kvdr8tjjv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Jacques Depelchin''' (an haife shi 06/03/1942) ɗan tarihi ne kuma ɗan gwagwarmayar Kwango.&lt;ref&gt;Michigan State University Press Authors Biography for Jacques Depelchin&quot;. Archived from the original on 2010-06-30. Retrieved 2011-01-23&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;AfricaFiles | &quot;This war must end&quot;&quot;. www.africafiles.org. Retrieved 2017-11-21&lt;/ref&gt; Shi ne Co-kafa kuma Babban Darakta na Ota Benga International Alliance for Peace a DR Congo.

== Fage ==
Depelchin dan asalin kasar Kwango ya yi karatu a kasashen duniya, inda ya fara karatu a jamhuriyar dimokaradiyyar Congo da jami'ar Lovanium da ke Kinshasa kafin ya koma Ingila don halartar jami'ar Landan, Italiya ya halarci jami'ar Johns Hopkins da kuma Amurka don halartar jami'ar Stanford. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya koyar da tarihin Afirka a jami'o'i da yawa a Amurka, a cikin mahaifarsa, Mozambique da Tanzania.

Depelchin ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin sakatariya ga Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo,&lt;ref&gt;Gana, Aaron Tsado; Samuel G. Egwu (2003). Federalism in Africa: The imperative of democratic development. Africa World Press. p. 34. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-59221-080-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Retrieved 2 February 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ya taimaka wajen kawo Laurent-Désiré Kabila kan mulki.&lt;ref&gt;Duke, Lynne (22 May 1995). &quot;Congo Waits For List of New Rulers; Kabila's Government Still Unannounced&quot;. Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved 2 Feb 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Daga 1996-2002, ya kuma kasance memba na Rally for Congolese Democracy, yana adawa da Ƙabila, wanda jaridar New York Times ta bayyana a cikin 2000 a cikin shugabannin kungiyar.&lt;ref&gt;Fisher, Ian (13 Feb 2000). &quot;Congo's War Overshadows Tribal Fight&quot;. The New York Times. Retrieved 2 Feb 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

== Littattafai ==
•Maida Tarihin Afirka&lt;ref&gt;Depelchin, Jacques (2011-01-01). Reclaiming African History. Cape Town: Pambazuka Press. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9781906387983&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

•Daga Ƙasar 'Yanci ta Kwango zuwa Zaire (1885-1974): Zuwa Ƙarfafa Tarihin Tattalin Arziki da Siyasa, 1992&lt;ref&gt;From the Congo Free State to Zaire (1885-1974). Towards a Demystification of Economic and Political History&lt;/ref&gt;

•Shiru a Tarihin Afirka, 2000&lt;ref&gt;Depelchin, Jacques (2000-09-05). Silences in African History. Dar es-Salaam: Mkuki Na Nyota Publishers. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9789976973730&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Category:Haifaffun  1942]]
[[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>9jusste0ly9m6cpr6060w2kvdr8tjjv</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>893151</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:49:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
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      <origin>893151</origin>
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      <text bytes="2425" sha1="2n34zk6ice8sd2zesnovizjre23qot2" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Jacques Depelchin''' (an haife shi 06/03/1942) ɗan tarihi ne kuma ɗan gwagwarmayar Kwango.&lt;ref&gt;Michigan State University Press Authors Biography for Jacques Depelchin&quot;. Archived from the original on 2010-06-30. Retrieved 2011-01-23&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;AfricaFiles | &quot;This war must end&quot;&quot;. www.africafiles.org. Retrieved 2017-11-21&lt;/ref&gt; Shi ne Co-kafa kuma Babban Darakta na Ota Benga International Alliance for Peace a DR Congo.

== Fage ==
Depelchin dan asalin kasar Kwango ya yi karatu a kasashen duniya, inda ya fara karatu a jamhuriyar dimokaradiyyar Congo da jami'ar Lovanium da ke Kinshasa kafin ya koma Ingila don halartar jami'ar Landan, Italiya ya halarci jami'ar Johns Hopkins da kuma Amurka don halartar jami'ar Stanford. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya koyar da tarihin Afirka a jami'o'i da yawa a Amurka, a cikin mahaifarsa, Mozambique da Tanzania.

Depelchin ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin sakatariya ga Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo,&lt;ref&gt;Gana, Aaron Tsado; Samuel G. Egwu (2003). Federalism in Africa: The imperative of democratic development. Africa World Press. p. 34. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-59221-080-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Retrieved 2 February 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ya taimaka wajen kawo Laurent-Désiré Kabila kan mulki.&lt;ref&gt;Duke, Lynne (22 May 1995). &quot;Congo Waits For List of New Rulers; Kabila's Government Still Unannounced&quot;. Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved 2 Feb 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Daga 1996-2002, ya kuma kasance memba na Rally for Congolese Democracy, yana adawa da Ƙabila, wanda jaridar New York Times ta bayyana a cikin 2000 a cikin shugabannin kungiyar.&lt;ref&gt;Fisher, Ian (13 Feb 2000). &quot;Congo's War Overshadows Tribal Fight&quot;. The New York Times. Retrieved 2 Feb 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

== Littattafai ==
•Maida Tarihin Afirka&lt;ref&gt;Depelchin, Jacques (2011-01-01). Reclaiming African History. Cape Town: Pambazuka Press. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9781906387983&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

•Daga Ƙasar Ƴanci ta Kwango zuwa Zaire (1885-1974): Zuwa Ƙarfafa Tarihin Tattalin Arziƙi da Siyasa, 1992&lt;ref&gt;From the Congo Free State to Zaire (1885-1974). Towards a Demystification of Economic and Political History&lt;/ref&gt;

•Shiru a Tarihin Afirka, 2000&lt;ref&gt;Depelchin, Jacques (2000-09-05). Silences in African History. Dar es-Salaam: Mkuki Na Nyota Publishers. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9789976973730&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Category:Haifaffun  1942]]
[[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>2n34zk6ice8sd2zesnovizjre23qot2</sha1>
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'''Rokhaya Diallo''' (an haife ta 10 Afrilu 1978) 'yar jaridar Faransa ce, marubuciya, mai shirya fina-finai, kuma mai fafutuka  daidaituwar launin fata, jinsi da na addini.  A cewar The New York Times, ita ce &quot;ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu gwagwarmayar wariyar launin fata a Faransa&quot;.  Ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin BET-France kuma ta samar da / ko kuma ta ba da umarnin shirye-shiryen kundin tarihi, talabijin da rediyo. Ta wallafa: Racism: JAGORA, faransa tamuce, Faransa: One and Multicultural da ''Yadda za a yi magana da yara game da wariyar launin fata'', wani littafi mai hoto Pari (s) d'Amies, da ''Afro!'' nuna Afro-Parisians waɗanda ke sanye da salon gashi na halittan asali.

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
An haifi Rokhaya Diallo a shekara ta 1978, a birnin Paris, Faransa, ga iyaye masu asali daga Senegal da [[Gambiya|Gambian]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rokhaya Diallo : « On peut être raciste en ayant de bonnes intentions |url=http://www.seneweb.com/news/Societe/rokhaya-diallo-laquo-on-peut-etre-raciste-en-ayant-de-bonnes-intentions-raquo_n_43183.html |website=seneweb.com/ |quote=...cette militante féministe et antiraciste de 32 ans... |access-date=2025-05-25 |archive-date=2025-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430105818/https://www.seneweb.com/news/Societe/rokhaya-diallo-laquo-on-peut-etre-raciste-en-ayant-de-bonnes-intentions-raquo_n_43183.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinta bakanike  ne kuma mahaifiyarta malamar koyar da dinki ce . Iyalinta sun koma La Courneuve, wani yanki na Paris, a shekarar 1989. 

Bayan samun digiri na biyu a fannin shari'ar ƙasa da ƙasa da Turai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Média |first=Prisma |title=Rokhaya Diallo - La biographie de Rokhaya Diallo avec Voici.fr |url=https://www.voici.fr/bios-people/rokhaya-diallo |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=Voici.fr |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Diallo ta ci gaba da karatun kasuwanci, wanda ya kai ta ga yin aiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci a IBM, wanda ta bar saboda ta ji &quot;kamar jingina&quot;. Don haka ta yanke shawarar yin aiki don samun digiri na tallace-tallace da rarraba a Jami'ar Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris I) , wanda ta samu a shekara ta 2003.

A matsayinsa na mai sha'awar wasan kwaikwayon anime, Diallo ya taimaka wajen assasa Japan Expo. Ta kuma kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na murya, ta fito  Kamui Shiro a matsayin yarinya a ''[[:fr:X1999|X1999]]'', ta CLAMP, da Ex a ''Ah! '' My Goddess: the movie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=MISSIA DIO |first=Christian |title=Entretien avec Rokhaya Diallo |url=http://www.actuabd.com/Rokhaya-Diallo-Empecher-la-liberte |access-date=14 January 2016 |website=www.actuabd.com |archive-date=19 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419124718/http://www.actuabd.com/Rokhaya-Diallo-Empecher-la-liberte |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 2001, ta shiga cikin shirin faɗakar da matasa na La Courneuve . An nemi ta shiga cikin Majalisar Matasa ta gari kuma ta ka ga  matsayin shugaban ƙungiya cikin shekaru biyu. A matsayinta na mai fafutukar mata, tana fafutukar kungiyar masu adawa da jima'i ta Mix-Cité . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 June 2011 |title=Rokhaya Diallo: 'L'islamophobie est un nouveau racisme' |url=http://www.sudouest.fr/2011/06/25/rokhaya-diallo-l-islamophobie-est-un-nouveau-racisme-435884-2780.php |access-date=14 January 2016 |website=www.sudouest.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma yi kamfen wa kungiyar ATTAC, wacce ke gwagwarmaya don manufofi na adalci masu ɗorewa da zamantakewar al'umma, musamman a lokacin bikin fina-finai na &quot;Images mouvementées&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Images Mouvementées |url=https://www.imagesmouvementees.fr |access-date=14 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 2020, an ba ta suna mai ba da gudummawa ga sashin ra'ayoyin duniya na The Washington Post . 

A cikin shekarar 2021, ta zama mai bincike a Cibiyar Bincike ta gidauniyar tsamar da adalci tsakanin jinsi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=mh1916 |date=2021-05-03 |title=Researcher in Residence |url=https://genderjustice.georgetown.edu/home/rokhaya-diallo-joins-georgetown-university-gender-justice-initiative-as-researcher-in-residence/ |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=Gender Justice Initiative |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115144617/https://genderjustice.georgetown.edu/home/rokhaya-diallo-joins-georgetown-university-gender-justice-initiative-as-researcher-in-residence/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; a Jami'ar Georgetown da ke Washington. A Faransa, tana koyar da nazarin al'adu a Jami'ar Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne .

=== Waɗanda ba za a iya raba su ba ===
[[Fayil:ConfIndivisibles.JPG|right|thumb|250x250px|Diallo (na biyu daga hagu) a taron manema labarai na farko &quot;Y'a bon Awards&quot; a 2009]]
A shekara ta 2006, bayan ta ji cewa &quot;yawancin mutane suna la'akari da kasancewa baƙar fata kuma daga asalin ajin ma'aikata  matsala&quot;, Diallo ta kafa ƙungiyar, The Indivisibles . &lt;ref name=&quot;indivisibles&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Pourquoi nous appelons-nous les Indivisibles? |url=http://lesindivisibles.fr/les-indivisibles/presentation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204115629/http://www.lesindivisibles.fr/les-indivisibles/presentation/ |archive-date=4 February 2017 |website=Les Indivisibles}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;kallon mutane na danganta ni da wani sura da kuma ra'ayoyin da ba su da kyau. &quot;  &quot;Lokacin da muke matasa, ni da ɗan'uwana ba mu taɓa tambayar kanmu ba, 'Ina muka fito?', har sai  da wasu suka  tambaye mu&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 December 2008 |title=Française, sans commentaire ! |url=http://www.telerama.fr/idees/une-certaine-unite-de-la-france,37190.php |website=www.telerama.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Diallo ba ta damu da haɗa tambayar da asalin mutum ba, amma ta ƙi ga mutanen da ke sanya nasu marmarin baƙo a kanta..Su Indivisibles sunyi Kamfen ɗin  dakatar da &quot;kyamarta  ɗan ƙasar Faransa ta siffar fata&quot; ko ta asalin in da mutum ya fito. Asalin an  kirkira ta asirce, don &quot;yi aiki tare da cibiyoyi kamar Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Faransa&quot;,  ƙungiyar ta fito filli  zuwa fanin wallafe  a cikin 2009 tare da babban shirin wayar da kai a kafofin watsa labarai da aka tsara game da sabon abin da suka kirkira &quot;Y'a bon Awards&quot; gane wanene mafi girman mafadin maganganun wariyar launin fata ta a cikin manyar jigogin  Faransa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bangré |first=Habibou |date=21 May 2007 |title=Les indivisibles face aux préjugés |url=http://www.afrik.com/article11773.html |website=www.afrik.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2022}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Diallo ta zama mai sharhi ta rediyo da talabijin kuma a cikin 2011 ta buga littafi mae suna  wariyar launin fata: jagora, a cikin kundin philosopher Vincent Cespedes. &quot;Faransa ita ce ƙasata. Na san Paris fiye da Senegal. Amma ta yaya za ta yi hali a cikin &quot;tsarin wariyar launin fata&quot;? Halin tunani yana buƙatar canzawa. Musamman a cikin kafofin watsa labaru, lokacin da labarun su na labarin ya mayar da hankali kawai ga launin fata ko asalin yanki &quot;[1]. Bayyana kyamar Islama yana da matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin tunaninta: &quot;Muna magana ne kawai game da ilimin duniya lokacin da batun shine Musulunci (kuma ba game da wani addini ba), addinin da aka kai mu gaskanta ana yinsa ne kawai a Faransa ta hanyar jima'i da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na asalin Arewacin Afirka.&quot; [ana yanayi hujja]

=== Ayyuka tun shekara ta 2004 ===
A shekara ta 2002, Diallo ta shiga cikin gajerun fina-finai daban-daban na ƙungiyar Une case en moins, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Youpi et la Paille Magique, vidéo parodique d'animé japonais avec Rokhaya Diallo et Davy Mourier |url=http://badstrip.net/article-17740848.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313043217/http://badstrip.net/article-17740848.html |archive-date=13 March 2016 |access-date=14 January 2016 |website=badstrip.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, mawaƙa da marubuciya.

Daga 2009 zuwa 2013, ta kasance mai sharhi ga La Matinale a kan Canal +, kuma daga 2009 a kan RTL (Radio Station na Faransa). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Face à face Rokhaya Diallo-Anne Fulda |url=http://www.rtl.fr/actualites/article/face-a-face-anne-fulda-rokhaya-diallo10-7701388202 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120911054644/http://www.rtl.fr/actualites/article/face-a-face-anne-fulda-rokhaya-diallo10-7701388202 |archive-date=11 September 2012 |access-date=14 January 2016 |website=www.rtl.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;A watan Maris na shekara ta 2010, an zaɓe ta don shiga cikin Shirin Jagorancin Baƙi na Duniya kuma a matsayin baƙo na Gwamnatin Amurka. Ta ziyarci kasar don nazarin bambancin ta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 April 2010 |title=L'avenir de la France passe par la diversité |url=http://www.slate.fr/story/19791/diversite-banlieues-france-usa-discrimination-positive |access-date=14 January 2016 |website=www.slate.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tare da wasu manyan mutane hudu - {{Interlanguage link|François Durpaire|fr}} , Marc Cheb Sun, [[Lilian Thuram]] da [[:fr:Pascal Blanchard (historien)|Pascal Blanchard]] - ta samar da jerin shawarwari 100 don &quot;Jamhuriyar al'adu da launin fata&quot;.

Tun daga shekara ta 2011, Diallo ta dauki bakuncin Fresh Cultures a kan Mouv' (tashar rediyo na Faransa); ta kuma dauki bakuncin kuma ta jagoranci wani shirin kowane wata na Égaux mais pas trop (&quot;''Daidai amma ba da yawa''&quot;) a kan LCP.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2022}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, ta wallafa wani ra'ayi na edita a cikin bita na mako-mako na Politis for International Women's Day . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Diallo |first=Rokhaya |title=Femmes, prenons la une ! |url=http://www.politis.fr/Femmes-invisibles-prenons-la-une,25962.html |access-date=14 January 2016 |website=www.politis.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin Jarida ==

=== manemiyar labarai ===
Tare da wasu mutane (Audrey Pulvar, Lilian Thuram, Pascal Blanchard...), an nuna ta a cikin fitowar Oktoba 2011 na mujallar Respect Mag mai taken &quot;100% Blacks in France &quot;. Ta samar da rahotanni da yawa ga manema labarai na Faransa, kamar su kan mata a Bahrain da kuma wariyar launin fata a Tunisia don Les Inrocks, ko kuma kan Black Lives Matter movement, wanda ya sanya shafi na farko na jaridar Libération .

Diallo ya kuma rubuta labarai ga manema labarai na duniya: The Washington Post, ''[[The Guardian]]'' da Al Jazeera .

=== Rediyo ===
Ta kasance marubuciyar labarai tun shekara ta 2009 a kan RTL .

Tun daga shekara ta 2011, Diallo tana karbar bakuncin Al'adun Faransa a kan Mouv'. Don wani shafi na tashar Canal + da rediyo le Mouv', ta tafi a ƙarshen Satumba 2011 zuwa taron shekara-shekara na Black Congress Caucus a Washington, DC, wani majalisa a cikin Majalisa na Amurka da aka kirkira a lokacin gwagwarmayar Black Civil Rights don hada kan  'yan majalisa bakake.
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    <title>Shahidan Uganda</title>
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'''Shahidan Uganda''' rukuni ne na [[Cocin katolika|mabiya darikar Katolika]] 22 da Anglican 23 da suka tuba zuwa Kiristanci a masarautar Buganda, a yanzu yanki ne na [[Uganda]], wadanda aka kashe a tsakanin 31 ga Janairu 1885 da 27 ga Janairu 1887.  &lt;ref name=&quot;CMU&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Christian Martyrs of Uganda |url=http://www.buganda.com/martyrs.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719024926/http://www.buganda.com/martyrs.htm |archive-date=19 July 2014 |access-date=15 August 2007 |website=The Buganda Home Page}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An kashe su ne bisa umarnin Mwanga II, ''Kabaka'' (Sarkin) na [[Masarautar Buganda|Buganda]] . Mutuwar ta faru ne a daidai lokacin da ake gwagwarmayar addini ta hanyoyi uku don samun tasirin siyasa a kotun masarautar Buganda. Har ila yau, lamarin ya faru ne a kan tushen &quot; [[Kasa Afrika|Scramble for Africa]] &quot; - mamayewa, mamayewa, rarraba, mulkin mallaka da kuma mamaye yankin Afirka daga hannun turawa.  Bayan ƴan shekaru bayan, Ƙungiyar Mishan na Cocin Ingila ta yi amfani da mutuwar don neman goyon bayan jama'a ga Birtaniya na mallakar Uganda don [[Daular Biritaniya|Daular]] .  Cocin Katolika ta lallasa shahidan Katolika 22 na Uganda a shekara ta 1920 kuma Paparoma Paul na shida ya nada su a 1964 a cocin [[Babban cocin Bitrus|St. Peter's Basilica]] da ke Rome. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 July 2023 |title=Mapeera relative speaks out on her impression of Uganda |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_165154 |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=New Vision |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-05-27 |title=How Uganda's martyrs shaped Catholic hymns |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/how-uganda-s-martyrs-shaped-catholic-hymns-4247574 |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Magana ==
[[Fayil:Namugongo_03.jpg|right|thumb|280x280px| Basilica na Shahidai Uganda, Namugongo]]
[[Fayil:Namugongo_06.jpg|right|thumb|210x210px| Hoton yadda aka azabtar da Shahidan Uganda]]
Bugawa a Biritaniya na wasiƙar 1875 da ke nuna gayyata ce daga Kabaka Muteesa I, don aika masu mishan, ya haifar da isowar Alexander Mackay na Ƙungiyar Mishan na Cocin Anglican zuwa Buganda a 1877. Ƙungiya ta White Uban Katolika na Faransa, jagorancin Père Simon Lourdel (Fr. Mapera) ya bayyana bayan shekaru biyu. ’Yan kasuwa Larabawa daga [[Zanzibar]] sun shigar da [[Musulunci]] cikin masarautar.  Wannan ya haifar da gwagwarmayar addini ta hanyoyi uku don tasirin siyasa a kotun masarautar Buganda.  A tsakiyar 1880s, da yawa sun tuba ta kowane ɗayan ƙungiyoyi uku, kuma wasu daga cikin waɗanda suka tuba sun rike mukamai masu mahimmanci a fadar sarki. &lt;ref name=&quot;LOC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 1990 |title=Long-Distance Trade and Foreign Contact |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ug0016) |access-date=29 September 2014 |website=Uganda |publisher=Library of Congress Country Studies}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shi kansa Muteesa ya ji tausayin Musulunci, amma da yawa daga cikin manyan sarakuna sun zama Kiristoci. &lt;ref&gt;Mark R. Lipschutz and R. Kent Rasmussen, ''Dictionary of African Historical Biography'', University of California Press, 1986 ({{ISBN|978-0-520-06611-3}}), p. 164.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kabaka Mwanga II ya ci sarauta a shekara ta 1884. Ya damu da yadda addinin Kiristanci ke karuwa da kuma karuwar sabbin jami’ai, wanda ya bambanta da sarakunan gargajiya, wadanda suka yi ilimi, suna da tsarin addini, da kuma fatan kawo gyara ga al’ummar Ganda.  Mallakar da Jamus ta yi wa [[Tanzaniya|ƙasar Tanzaniya]] a yanzu ya ƙara tayar da hankali. Shekara guda da zama sarki ya ba da umarnin a kashe Yusufu Rugarama, Makko Kakumba, da Nuwa/Noah Serwanga, waɗanda suka koma Kiristanci. &lt;ref name=&quot;CMU&quot;/&gt; Firayi ministansa ya ƙarfafa shi, a ranar 29 ga Oktoba 1885 ya sa aka kashe Bishop na Anglican mai shigowa James Hannington a kan iyakar gabashin masarautarsa. Watakila an yi hakan ne da gangan don aikewa Birtaniya sako cewa ba ya son su shiga Uganda. Ana kuma zargin cewa kisan da aka yi wa Bishop James Hannington ya faru ne saboda wata tatsuniya a lokacin cewa makiya da za su rusa Masarautar za su fito daga Gabas, alkiblar da Bishop din ya fito. Don haka Kabaka ya sa sarki Luba na masarautar Busoga a Gabas ya kashe Bishop.  Mwanga ya yi, duk da haka, daga baya, ya nada kiristoci da yawa zuwa muhimman mukamai na soja. &lt;ref name=&quot;DAHB165&quot; /&gt;

== Kisa a cikin 1885-86 ==
[[Fayil:Journey_for_death.jpg|left|thumb| Abin tunawa a Shrine na Munyonyo Shahidai wanda ke nuna wurin da shahidan nan gaba suka yi tafiya don mutuwa]]
[[Fayil:African_Martyrdom.jpg|left|thumb| Shahadar Andrew Kaggwa]]
A shekara ta 1886 Mwanga ya ba da umarnin a kashe da yawa daga cikin mambobin kotunan sarki saboda kin amincewa da bukatunsa na addini, wanda ya gani a matsayin rashin biyayya. Heike Behrend ya ce dukkansu Kiristoci ne da Musulmai wadanda suka tuba; Wasu majiyoyin kuma suna magana ne kawai kan wadanda aka kashe a Anglican da Katolika, kuma sun ambaci kisan musulmi da ya faru shekaru goma da suka gabata a hannun mahaifin Mwanga Muteesa.  Joseph Mukasa, wanda ya tuba zuwa Kiristanci wanda ya nuna rashin amincewa da kisan Hannington, kuma ya yi kokarin kare shafukan kotun, shi ne na farko da aka kashe a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 1885:  wannan ya kasance a gaban Katikkiro (Firayim Minista) Mukasa, wanda aka sa ran magajin Joseph Mukasa ya zama sarki. &lt;ref name=&quot;Iliffe&quot;&gt;John Iliffe, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Jn7TCydPAPAC&amp;dq=Iliffe+risk+martyrdom&amp;pg=PA173 ''Honour in African History''], Cambridge University Press, 2005 ({{ISBN|978-0-521-83785-9}}), pp. 172–173.&lt;/ref&gt; Sannan, tsakanin 25 ga Mayu zuwa 3 ga Yuni 1886, an aiwatar da kisa da yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;CMU&quot;/&gt;  Mwanga ya ba da umarnin kashe duk samarin da suka yi masa rashin biyayya - wani bangare na biyan bukatun manyan sarakuna. 22 daga cikin mutanen da suka koma [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]], an kona su da ransu a Namugongo a shekara ta 1886.

&quot;Har yanzu ana muhawara sosai kan dalilan da suka haddasa fitina,&quot; in ji Behrend.  Abubuwan siyasa tabbas sun taka rawa. Wadanda aka kashe sun hada da kananan sarakuna, wasu daga cikinsu, irin su Joseph Mukasa, “wadanda manyansu ne suka yi musu bacin rai.&amp;nbsp;... kishin cewa wadannan samari masu tasowa da masu zuwa za su kore su daga mulki.&quot;  &lt;ref name=&quot;Iliffe&quot;/&gt; Ward ya bayar da hujjar cewa abin da ya sa hakan shi ne tunanin cewa &quot;waɗannan Kiristoci 'yan tawaye ne ga Kabaka, kayan aikin mulkin mallaka na ƙasashen waje&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ward&quot; /&gt;
[[Fayil:Uganda_Martyrs_Church_Namugongo_03.jpg|alt=Uganda Martyrs Church Namugongo in Uganda|thumb| Uganda Martyrs Church Namugongo a Uganda]]
Wani mai shaida a taron, limamin mishan na Faransa Lourdel, ya yi la’akari da cewa babban dalilin shi ne yadda Mwanga yake ji na raina shi da Kiristoci masu karatu da suke da’awar sanin addini. Lourdel ya ba da a matsayin dalili na biyu na matakin Mwanga, kin amincewa da shafukan don biyan bukatun sarauta na gargajiya na yin jima'i.  Sarkin, wanda bisa ga al'ada yana da ikon rai da mutuwa a kan talakawansa, ya fusata da wannan ƙin yin biyayya ga nufinsa na yin lalata da shi. &lt;ref name=&quot;CMU&quot;/&gt;

Marie de Kiewet-Hemphill ta ƙarasa da cewa, abin da ya faru nan da nan, idan ba dukan abin da ya faru ba, don haka ne ƙin shafuffukan su ba da kansu ga Mwanga &lt;ref&gt;Quoted in [https://books.google.com/books?id=k9OhP55_hJAC&amp;dq=Hoad+%22immediate+pretext%22&amp;pg=PA4 Neville Wallace Hoad, ''African Intimacies''], University of Minnesota Press, 2007 ({{ISBN|978-0-8166-4916-7}}), p. 4.&lt;/ref&gt; Roland Oliver ya ki amincewa da ƙiyayya ga Kiristanci a matsayin dalili mai kyau, tun da bai bayyana dalilin da ya sa Mwanga ya dauki mataki a kan waɗannan samari ba kuma ba a kan manyan sarakuna da mata a cikin tuba ba.  Sylvia Antonia Nannyonga-Tamusuza ta ja hankali ga wannan batu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Bsaakisimba&quot;&gt;Sylvia Antonia Nannyonga-Tamusuza, [https://books.google.com/books?id=IRPKAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA212 ''Bsaakisimba''], Routledge, 2014 ({{ISBN|978-1-135-45652-8}}), pp. 212–213.&lt;/ref&gt; JP Thoonen a cikin littafinsa game da tambayar ya yarda da binciken Kiewet-Hemphill, yayin da yake fahimtar wanzuwar wasu dalilai na siyasa.  Musamman yadda wasu daga cikin waɗanda suka yi watsi da imaninsu suka tsira daga mutuwa. &quot; 

A cikin makon da ya kai ga zartar da hukuncin kisa, Kirista Matthias Gayinga ya yi watsi da bukatar na kusa da Mwanga, Musulmi Lutaya, wanda sarkin ya aike shi da shi domin yin hakan. Don haka an hukunta shi mai tsanani, ko da yake ba a kashe shi ba. An bayyana matsayinsa a matsayin &quot;kyakkyawan ƙi&quot; ta ɗan mishan na Ingila AP Ashe, wanda daga baya ya ce ya haifar da tartsatsi ga abubuwan da suka faru a baya. Matakin nasa ya biyo bayan kin amincewa da wani sabon tuba, Anatole Kirrigwajjo, ya amince da nadin mukami mai girma &quot;wanda kawai zai iya motsa jiki a cikin hatsarin ransa&quot;. 

Yayin da yawancin shafukan Kiristanci sukan shirya bacewa lokacin da Mwanga ya bukace su, ko kuma ya ki yarda da nemansa ta jima'i kai tsaye, wani shafi Muwafi ya yi biyayya. An ce Mwanga ya kama wani shafi yana koyar da addinin Kiristanci ga Muwafi. Mwanga yana ganin hakan a matsayin wani yunƙuri na &quot;ƙwace masa abin wasan da ya fi so kuma ya zuwa yanzu a ko da yaushe mai biyayya, ta hanyar koya masa addinin da ya sa suka fi son mutuwa fiye da miƙa wuya&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Iliffe&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Bsaakisimba&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;John F. Faupel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=xNR1KMtYRLoC&amp;q=Faupel ''African Holocaust''], Paulines Publications Africa, 2007 ({{ISBN|978-9966-21-629-8}}), pp. 137–138.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Charles Lwanga Mubiru, ''The Uganda Martyrs and the Need for Appropriate Role Models in Adolescents' Moral Formation'', Lit Verlag Münster, 2012 ({{ISBN|978-3-643-90142-2}}), p. 107.&lt;/ref&gt; Mwanga ya tara shafukan kuma ya nemi wadanda suka yi addu'a su tsaya gefe guda. Wadannan, wadanda akasarinsu suna tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 30, an yi tafiya mai nisa don aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ta hanyar kona su da ransu. Ta wurin nuna ƙarfin hali da Kiristanci ya nema, sun taimaka wajen kawar da duk wani tunanin cewa sabon addinin bai dace da akidun gargajiya na jarumtaka ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;Iliffe&quot; /&gt;

== Sakamakon siyasa ==
Masu tuba, aƙalla ’yan Katolika, an koya musu cewa suna cikin haɗarin shahada. &lt;ref name=&quot;Iliffe&quot;/&gt; ‘Yan jaridu na lokacin sun bayyana su a matsayin shahidai. &lt;ref name=&quot;Okoth&quot;&gt;Assa Okoth, [https://books.google.com/books?id=6knAMseFPpIC&amp;dq=uganda+blood+martyrs+seed+%22the+times%22+october&amp;pg=PA86 ''A History of Africa''], East African Publishers, 2006 ({{ISBN|978-9966-25-357-6}}), p. 86.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;R. W. Bryan, [https://books.google.com/books?id=CFoudViGq0gC&amp;dq=uganda+blood+martyrs+seed+%22the+times%22+october&amp;pg=PA40 ''Great Christians Commemorated by the Indian Church''], ISPCK ({{ISBN|978-81-7214-336-7}}), p. 40.&lt;/ref&gt; Irin wannan bayanin ya bayyana kuma, ba shakka, a cikin wallafe-wallafen addini, duka Furotesta, kamar mujallar mai mishan Mackay da aka buga a cikin ''Intellegener'' na 1886,  da Katolika, irin su asusun mishan Lourdel, Denoit, da Delmas da aka buga a cikin ''Enquête dangi au shahidi des chrétiens: Ste Marie des s chrétiens: Ste Marie de Rubagas, Bu8s Cathoques, Bu8, Bu8,'' da kuma ''St.'' 18 (1886). &lt;ref name=&quot;Iliffe&quot; /&gt;

Labarin abin da Mwanga ya yi ya jawo cece-kuce a Biritaniya. Wasu suna ganin alamar rashin amfanin ƙoƙarin mishan a Buganda, wasu kuma kira ne ga sabon ƙoƙarin. ''The Times'' na 30 Oktoba 1886, yana ambaton ƙa'idar, &quot;jinin shahidai shine zuriyar Ikilisiya&quot;, ya ce: &quot;A kan nasarar gwajin Uganda, tare da canjin yanayi mai kyau da kuma mummunan yanayi, ya dogara da farin ciki na ciki na babban nahiyar na tsawon tsararraki.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Okoth&quot;/&gt; Wannan tunanin ya ci gaba da zama yakin neman shiga Birtaniya a yankin. &lt;ref&gt;Cedric Pulford, [https://books.google.com/books?id=JEbqCWN3R_UC&amp;dq=%22in+Britain%2C+where+the+martyrdom+of+the+Baganda+converts+was+well+remembered%22&amp;pg=PA145 ''Eating Uganda''], Ituri Publications, 1999 ({{ISBN|978-0-9536430-0-4}}).&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin watan Satumba na 1888, Mwanga ya yi shirin kawar da sauran shugabannin Kirista da Musulmi ta hanyar barin su da yunwa a wani tsibiri a cikin tafkin Victoria mai cike da kada. Labarin shirin nasa ya fito fili kuma tawaye daga Kiristoci da Musulmai tare ya kawo dan uwan Mwanga Kiweewa kan karagar mulki. A cikin Oktoba 1888, Musulmai suka kwace mulki, suka kori shugabannin Kirista kuma, lokacin da Kiweewa ya ƙi a yi masa kaciya, ya kore shi kuma ya kashe shi, ya maye gurbinsa da wani ɗan'uwa, Kalema . A cikin Disamba 1888, Mwanga ya sami goyon baya daga Kiristoci kuma a cikin Afrilu 1889 ya ci gaba da babban birnin Buganda. An yi galaba a kansa, amma sojojin Kirista karkashin jagorancin shugaban Furotesta Apollo Kaggwa, sun sake karbe babban birnin, wanda ya baiwa Mwanga damar shiga cikinta da nasara a ranar 11 ga Oktoban 1889. Musulmai sun fake a daular Bunyoro da ke makwabtaka da su, wanda ya taimaka musu su dawo da nasara a watan Nuwamba 1889, amma sun sha mugun kaye a watan Fabrairun 1890 kuma suka sake komawa Bunyoro.

A cikin 1888, hukumomin Burtaniya sun ba da izini ga Kamfanin Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEAC) don gudanar da yankin Gabashin Afirka da aka ba Biritaniya a cikin yarjejeniyar 1886 da Jamus. A cikin Nuwamba 1889, Mwanga ya tambayi wakilin kamfanin Frederick Jackson don taimako. Jackson ya yi jinkirin karɓar buƙatar, saboda an ba shi umarnin kada ya shiga Buganda. Carl Peters, wakilin kamfanin Jamus mai kama da juna, da sanin roko na Mwanga, ya yanke shawarar mayar da martani. Ya isa Mengo, sabon babban birnin Mwanga, makwanni biyu bayan fatattakar musulmi a watan Fabrairun 1890. Tun da har yanzu waɗannan suna ba da barazana, Mwanga ya karɓi tayin da ya yi na yarjejeniya. Daga nan sai Jackson ya zo ya ba da wata yarjejeniya, wanda Mwanga ya ƙi, tun da har ’yan mishan na Ingila sun ɗauki sharuɗɗansa da yawa.

Yarjejeniyar da Peters ya yi da Mwanga ta rushe ta hanyar yarjejeniyar Heligoland-Zanzibar tsakanin Birtaniya da Jamus, wadda ta shimfida layin da ke tsakanin yankunan da suke da tasiri a gabashin Afirka, wanda ya bar Buganda a cikin yankin Birtaniya da kuma mayar da tsakiyar sha'awar daga gabar teku zuwa gaba.  Hukumar ta IBEAC ta aika [[Frederick Lugard]], shugabanta na soja, zuwa Mengo, inda a watan Disamba 1890 ya samu Mwanga ya amince da yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da kamfanin. Wannan yarjejeniya ta yi amfani ga Mwanga lokacin da musulmin Bunyoro suka sake yin wani yunƙuri na maido da mulki. Takaddama tsakanin mabiya darikar Katolika da na Furotesta ya haifar da fada a watan Janairun 1892 a Mengo. Lugard ya goyi bayan ‘yan Furotesta akan bangaren Katolika mai karfi a fadan, wanda ya tilastawa Mwanga da Katolika gudu. Lugard ya yi nasarar shawo kan Mwanga ya dawo daga yankin Jamus, inda ya fake, zuwa Mengo a ranar 30 ga Maris 1892 da kuma kulla sabuwar yarjejeniya. Wannan yarjejeniya ta sanya yankuna daban-daban ga Furotesta (mafi girman yanki), Katolika, da (ƙananan yanki kawai) Musulmai; Mwanga da kansa ya zama Furotesta. 

Tare da taimakon ƙungiyar Mishan na Coci, waɗanda suka yi amfani da mutuwar shahidan su don samun goyon bayan jama'a a Biritaniya don samun Uganda, Lugard ya yi nasarar hana Firayim Minista William Ewart Gladstone da majalisarsa daga barin Uganda.  An mayar da ikon IBEAC zuwa Masarautar Biritaniya a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 1893 kuma a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1894 Mwanga ya yarda cewa an mai da Buganda kariyar Burtaniya. Duk da haka, a ranar 6 ga Yuli 1897 ya ayyana yaki a kan Birtaniya. An ci nasara a ranar 20 ga Yuli a Buddu (a gundumar Masaka ta yau), yankin da aka ba Katolika a cikin yarjejeniyar 1892, ya sake gudu zuwa Jamus ta Gabas ta Afirka . An sanar da tsige shi a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta. Bayan yunƙurin maido da mulkinsa bai yi nasara ba, an kai shi gudun hijira a cikin 1899 zuwa [[Seychelles]], inda aka karɓe shi cikin Cocin Anglican . Ya rasu a shekara ta 1903, yana da shekaru 35. 

== girmama Cocin Katolika ==
[[Fayil:Munyonyo_Martyrs_Shrine_at_night.jpg|thumb| Wurin bauta a Munyonyo da aka gina a matsayin godiya ga canonation na Uganda Shahidai]]
[[Fayil:St._Andrew_Kaggwa_tomb.jpg|thumb| Bude filin wasan amphitheater akan kabarin St. Andrew a Munyonyo]]
A cewar Heike Behrend, bayan mutuwar, Cocin Katolika ta yi amfani da lamarin wajen sanya wadanda abin ya shafa ya zama abin da ya fi mayar da hankali ga &quot; kungiyar shahidai&quot;.  A cikin 1897 Archbishop Henri Streicher ya kafa kungiyar Shuhada ta Uganda don shiga aikin bishara. Wasu surori na Guild sun zama siyasa a cikin 1950s. Karkashin tasirin Harkar Charismatic, daga baya ta ci gaba zuwa wani muhimmin yunkuri na yaki da maita a Tooro. &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

Karramawar da aka bai wa shahidan Uganda a wasu wurare a Afirka yana taimaka wa addinin Katolika na Afirka, alal misali a [[Senegal]], inda cocin da aka gina a 1890 ya ƙunshi kayan tarihinsu kuma inda akwai majami'u da yawa da aka keɓe ga Kizito, ƙaramin adadinsu. 
[[Fayil:Matthew_Malumba,_Charles_Lwanga,_and_Ugandan_Martyrs_Relics_Museum_of_Catholic_Art_and_History.jpg|thumb| Gidan ajiyar kayan abinci na Charles Lwanga da sauran shahidan Uganda.]]
Paparoma Benedict XV ya buge Charles Lwanga, Matiya Mulumba, da abokansu ashirin a ranar 6 ga watan Yuni 1920, kuma Paparoma Paul na shida ya nada su a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 1964. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 June 2017 |title=Saint Charles Lwanga and Companions, Martyrs of Uganda |url=http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint.php?n=488 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003084454/http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint.php?n=488 |archive-date=3 October 2009 |website=Catholic News Agency}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin bikin nada shahidan Katolika, Paparoma Paul ya kuma ambaci Anglicans, yana mai cewa: “Hakika, ba ma so mu manta da sauran waɗanda, na ikirari na Anglican, suka fuskanci mutuwa cikin sunan Kristi.” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 October 1964 |title=Pope Paul VI's homily at the canonization of the martyrs of Uganda |url=https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/la/homilies/1964/documents/hf_p-vi_hom_19641018_martiri-uganda.html |language=la}}&lt;/ref&gt; Papal Mass canonizing su ne sananne kamar yadda na ƙarshe lokacin da aka yi irin wannan bikin a cikin Tridentine a St. Peter's Basilica. [[Vatican|Birnin Vatican]] ya ba da wani sawun tambarin aikawasiku a cikin shekara mai zuwa don tunawa da canonization. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vatican City – Postage Stamps – 1965 |url=https://www.stampworld.com/en/stamps/Vatican-City/Postage%20stamps/1960-1969?user=217425&amp;year=1965 |publisher=Stamp World}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ranar idin 3 ga Yuni na Charles Lwanga da wasu goma sha biyun da suka mutu a ranar 3 ga Yuni 1886 an haɗa su a cikin kalandar Janar na Roman, yayin da sauran shahidai tara ke tunawa da ''shahidan Roman'' a kan kwanakin mutuwarsu.

An gina Basilica na Shahidai Uganda a Namugongo a cikin 1968. Tun daga 1980s ya zama wurin da ake gudanar da manyan ayyukan hajji, kuma an sanar da shirye-shiryen fadada manyan ayyuka a cikin 2014. 

Santi Martiri dell'Uganda a Poggio Ameno, coci a [[Rum|Roma]] sadaukarwa ga shahidan Ugandan, aka keɓe a 1980 kuma ya zama titular coci a 1988.  

A cikin 1993, Babban Taron Episcopal na Uganda ya kafa [[Jami'ar shahidan Uganda|jami'a]] mai suna bayan Shahidai Uganda, wacce ta karɓi takardar shaidar farar hula a 2005. 

A cikin 2014, Uganda ta yi bikin cika shekaru 50 tun lokacin da Shahidai Uganda suka zama kanti kuma Paparoma Paul VI ya ɗaukaka su zuwa tsarki a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 1964. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Christian Martyrs of Uganda |url=http://www.buganda.com/martyrs.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719024926/http://www.buganda.com/martyrs.htm |archive-date=19 July 2014 |access-date=15 August 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wurin bautar shahidan Munyonyo abin tunawa ne na godiya don nada su. A ranar 3 ga Mayu 2015 ne Papal Nuncio na Uganda, Archbishop Michael A. Blume, da Cardinal Emmanuel Wamala suka kaddamar da aikin. Sake haɓakawa ya haɗa da gina sabon wurin ibada na coci, gidan kayan tarihi, ofisoshi, da wuraren shahada na tsarkaka. 

=== Jerin shahidai Katolika guda 22 &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uganda Martyrs |url=https://www.uecon.org/uganda-martyrs/martyrs |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=Uganda Episcopal Conference |language=en-gb |archive-date=2024-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131111459/https://www.uecon.org/uganda-martyrs/martyrs |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!#
!Name
!Date of death
!Age at death
!Patron saint of
!Killed using
|-
|1.
|Achilleus Kewanuka
|3 June 1886
|17 years
|journalists, press writers, printers and artist.
|Fire (burnt)
|-
|2.
|Adolphus Ludigo-Mukasa
|3 June 1886
|24 years
|farmers and herdsmen
|Fire (burnt)
|-
|3.
|Ambrose Kibuuka Katekamu (Kateka Mulundaggana)
|3 June 1886
|18 years
|societies and youth movements such as scouts, YCW, Xaverians etc.
|Fire (burnt)
|-
|4.
|Anatoli Kirigwajjo
|3 June 1886
|
|hunters and herdsmen
|Fire (burnt)
|-
|5.
|Andrew Kaggwa Kaahwa
|26 May 1886
|about 30 years
|teachers, catechists and families
|Panga and a knife
|-
|6.
|[[Athanasius Bazzekuketa Kizza]]
|27 May 1886
|20 years
|those in charge of finance, treasury and banks.
|Spear
|-
|7.
|[[Bruno Sserunkuuma]]
|3 June 1886
|
|alcoholic, the violent, those with lust of flesh and improper marriage.
|Fire (burnt)
|-
|8.
|Charles Lwanga
|3 June 1886
|25 years
|African youth and Catholic action
|Fire (burnt)
|-
|9.
|Denis Ssebuggwawo Wasswa
|25 May 1886
|16 years
|singers, musicians and choirs
|hacked to death
|-
|10.
|[[Gonzaga Gonza Nghonzabato]]
|27 May 1886
|24 years
|prisoners, travelers, ill-treated  and those in trouble.
|Spear
|-
|11.
|[[Gyaviira Mayanja Musoke|Gyavira Mayanja Musoke]]
|3 June 1886
|17 years
|traffic communications and those troubled by witchcrafts
|Fire (burnt)
|-
|12.
|[[James Buuzabalyawo Kalumba Ssebayigga]]
|3 June 1886
|26 years
|merchants and co-operatives
|Fire (burnt)
|-
|13.
|[[John Mary Kiwanuka Muzeeyi]]
|27 January 1887
|
|Panga
|-
|14.
|Joseph Mukasa Balikuddembe
|15 November 1885&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Uganda Martyrs: tracing the history |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/uganda-martyrs-tracing-the-history-1571544 |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20 years
|politicians and chiefs
|Panga and fire
|-
|15.
|Kizito
|3 June 1886
|13-14
|young children particularly those below the age of 15
|Fire (burnt)
|-
|16.
|[[Luke Baanabakintu|Luke (Lukka) Baanabakintu]]
|3 June 1886
|30 years
|fishermen, sailors, mechanics, students and black-smiths.
|Fire (burnt)
|-
|17.
|Mathias Kalemba Mulumba Wante
|30 May 1886
|50 years
|Chiefs and Families
|Knife and Pangas
|-
|18.
|[[Mbaaga Tuzinde]]
|3 June 1886
|17 years
|vocations mainly of the seminarians, aspirants, postulants and novices
|Stick and Fire
|-
|19.
|[[Mugagga Lubowa]]
|3 June 1886
|16 years
|clubs, community development, culture and home craft
|Fire (burnt)
|-
|20.
|[[Mukasa Kiriwawanvu]]
|3 June 1886
|
|hotels bars and restaurants
|Fire (burnt)
|-
|21.
|[[Noa Mawaggali]]
|31 May 1886
|
|the poor, technicians and the artists
|Tied on the tree and dogs bit and then thrown on the road
|-
|22.
|[[Ponsiano Ngondwe]]
|26 May 1886
|30 years
|soldiers, policemen and militia
|Spear
|}

==== Shahidai biyu na Paimol ====
Akwai kuma shahidai guda biyu 'yan Uganda na wani lokaci, waɗanda suka mutu a Paimol a 1918 kuma aka yi musu duka a 2002.  Wadannan ba a riga an sanya su ba.

Shahidai Daudi Okelo da Jildo Irwa wasu matasa ’ yan Catechis ne daga Uganda. Sun kasance daga kabilar Acholi, wani yanki na babban rukunin Luo . Sun rayu kuma sun yi shahada a cikin shekaru nan da nan bayan kafa aikin Kitgum ta Comboni Mishaneri a 1915. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Daudi Okelo (1902 ca.-1918) and Jildo Irwa (1906 ca.-1918) |url=https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20021020_okelo-irwa_en.html |publisher=Vatican}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Anglicanism ==
Ana tunawa da Shahidai 23 na Uganda a Cocin Ingila tare da tunawa da ranar 3 ga Yuni. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Calendar |url=https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar |access-date=27 March 2021 |website=The Church of England |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; A lokacin bikin tunawa da shahidan Uganda, Cocin Ingila ya hada da Archbishop [[Archbishop Luwum|Janani Luwum]], wanda wasu makarraban [[Idi Amin]] suka kashe a shekarar 1977; Suna kuma bikin Luwum daban a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+List of the 23 Anglican martyrs&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;
!#
!Name
!Date of death and age
!Killed using
|-
|1.
|Makko Kakumba
|31 January 1885
|hacked and burnt
|-
|2.
|Yusuf Rugalama
|31 January 1885
|hacked and burnt
|-
|3.
|Mukasa Musa
|25 May 1886
|speared
|-
|4.
|Mbwa Eriya
|27 May 1886
|castrated
|-
|5.
|Muddu Aguma
|2 May 1886
|castrated
|-
|6.
|Daudi Muwanga
|1886
|castrated
|-
|7.
|Muwanga
|31 May 1886
|castrated
|-
|8.
|Kayizzi Kibuuka
|31 May 1886
|castrated
|-
|9.
|Mayanja Kitoogo
|31 May 1886
|castrated
|-
|10.
|Nuwa Walukagga
|3 June 1886
|burnt
|-
|11.
|Alexander Kadoko
|3 June 1886
|burnt
|-
|12.
|Frederick Kizza
|3 June 1886
|burnt
|-
|13.
|Robert Munyagabyangu
|3 June 1886
|burnt
|-
|14.
|Danieri Nakabandwa
|3 June 1886
|burnt
|-
|15.
|Kiwanuka Giyaza
|3 June 1886
|burnt
|-
|16.
|Mukasa Lwakisiga
|3 June 1886
|burnt
|-
|17.
|Charles Lwanga (Catholic but honoured in Anglicanism)
|3 June 1886  at 25 years
|burnt
|-
|18.
|Mubi Azaalwa
|3 June 1886
|burnt
|-
|19.
|Wasswa
|25 May 1886
|spear and knife
|-
|20.
|Kwabafu
|3 June 1886
|burnt
|-
|21.
|Kifamunnyanja
|3 June 1886
|burnt
|-
|22.
|Muwanga Njigiya
|3 June 1886
|burnt
|-
|23.
|Nuwa Sserwanga
|31 January 1885
|hacked and burnt
|}

== Waƙoƙin Katolika da aka haɗa game da Shahidan Uganda da rayuwarsu ==
A ranar shahadar shahidan Uganda a ranar 18 ga Oktoban 1964, kungiyar mawakan Uganda ta kusan mutane 100 da [[Joseph Kyagambiddwa]] ya jagoranta sun rera wakoki wadanda suka kunshi shahidan Uganda da tafiyarsu ta imani. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Joseph Kyagambiddwa ya rubuta kuma ya tsara waƙoƙi 22 game da marit Uganda. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Kade-kade da wake-wake da aka yi game da ma'auratan Uganda sun hada da;

* &quot; '''Karoli Lwanga Wuuno Omulwanyi''' &quot; (wanda aka fassara shi da Lwanga, jarumin addini marar nasara). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;
* &quot; '''Kizito Omuto ye wange''' &quot; wanda aka fassara shi da &quot;Young Kizito nawa ne&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* &quot; '''Abagalagala b'embuuza''' &quot; wanda aka fassara shi da sako-sako da &quot;Ina masu gadin sarauta&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* &quot; '''Mulinnya lya Patri''' &quot; wanda aka fassara shi da sako-sako da &quot;A cikin sunan uba&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* '''1975 Marytrs''' waƙar Yusufu Byngwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* '''Mukulike Abazira''' by Godfrey Lubuulwa
* '''Bayuguuma Ekibuga''' na Pastor Simeon Kayiwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* '''Abajulizi''' by Kato Ssekandi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* '''Abalamazi''' na Gabriel Bulindwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* '''Babalangaki''' by Gerald Kiweewa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* '''Bakikola''' by John Ntale. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* '''Omulanga gwa Mapeera''' by Emmanuel Ssekidde. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== A cikin shahararrun al'adu ==
An nuna shahidan Uganda a wani bangare na fim din ''Miliyoyin'' . &lt;ref&gt;Regina Hansen (ed.), [https://books.google.com/books?id=AtALOnale4QC&amp;dq=film+millions+uganda+martyrs&amp;pg=PA23 ''Roman Catholicism in Fantastic Film: Essays on Belief, Spectacle, Ritual and Imagery''], McFarland, 2011 ({{ISBN|978-0-7864-8724-0}}), p. 23.&lt;/ref&gt; A faifan faifan faifan fim din an ambaci cewa daya daga cikin jaruman da suka yi shahada ya yi ikirarin cewa shi zuriyar daya daga cikin shahidan ne.  A shekara ta 2015 Posta Uganda ta fitar da tambarin aikawasiku da aka saita a kan bikin cika shekaru 50 a shekara ta 2014 da nada shahidan Uganda. 

== Yuni 2025 'Yan tawayen Uganda sun kai harin kunar bakin wake ==
A ranar 3 ga watan Yunin 2025, an kashe 'yan tawayen Uganda biyu a lokacin da wata 'yar kunar bakin wake ta tayar da bam a kusa da wurin ibadar shahidan Munyonyo da ke wajen [[Kampala]] . An kai harin ne a lokacin bikin ranar shahada . 'Yan tawayen biyu ne kawai aka kashe. 

== Wuraren ibada ==
Wuraren shahidan Uganda a Uganda sun hada da:

* Namugongo shahidan shrine dake cikin gundumar Wakiso
* St. Andrew Kaggwa (Kahawa) shrine a gundumar Hoima. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-04-24 |title=Govt to promote faith-based tourism in Mbarara |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/govt-to-promote-faith-based-tourism-in-mbarara-4210750 |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Monitor |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* St. Anatole Kiriggwajjo shrine a gundumar Hoima. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* St. Adolf Mukasa Ludigo shrine a gundumar Fort portal. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Busega Tunawa da Shahidai

== Magana ==
{{reflist}}
== Mahada ==
* [http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bio/176.html Biographical sketches of memorable Christians of the past]
* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9074103 Encyclopædia Britannica Online]
* [http://www.ugandamartyrsshrine.org.ug/ Uganda Martyrs' Shrine, Namugongo]
* [http://www.munyonyo-shrine.ug/ Uganda Martyrs' Shrine, Munyonyo]
* [http://wau.org/archives/article/the_uganda_martyrs/ The Uganda Martyrs from the August 2008 issue of ''The Word Among Us'' magazine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823174629/https://wau.org/archives/article/the_uganda_martyrs/ |date=2018-08-23 }}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Raphael Onyedika</title>
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'''Raphael Onyedika Nwadike MON''' (// i; an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Afrilu 2001) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] na kulob din Belgium na Brugge da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasar Najeriya .

== Ayyukan kulob din ==
Onyedika ta kasance tana buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na titi kafin ta shiga makarantar F.C. Ebedei ta Najeriya tana da shekaru 15.  Bayan shekaru uku a Ebedei, Onyedika ya shiga makarantar FC Midtjylland a Denmark, kulob din da ke da alaƙa da FC Ebedei.

A kakar wasa ta farko a FC Midtjylland, ya burge a cikin U19 League da kuma a cikin UEFA Youth League tare da jikinsa, saurinsa da salon wasa. A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2020, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar kwararru ta farko ta shekaru biyar tare da kulob din har zuwa Yuni 2025.  Don samun ƙarin ƙwarewa, an ba da Onyedika ga ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Midtjylland, Danish 1st Division-side FC Fredericia, a ranar 19 ga watan Agusta 2020 don dukan kakar 2020-21. Onyedika ya yi kyau a kan rancensa, ya buga wasanni 28 kuma ya zira kwallaye uku. Lokacin ya tafi da kyau sosai ga Najeriya don a sanya masa suna a cikin tawagar TV3 Sport ta shekara a cikin Danish 1st Division.

Onyedika ya koma Midtjylland a lokacin rani na 2021 kuma an inganta shi zuwa tawagar farko. Ya fara bugawa Midtjylland wasa a ranar 16 ga watan Yulin 2021 a kan Odense Boldklub, wasan farko na Superliga na Danish na 2021-22, inda ya kasance a cikin jerin farawa kuma ya buga dukkan wasan.

=== Kungiyar Brugge ===
A ranar 28 ga watan Agustan 2022, Onyedika ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyar tare da Club Brugge a Belgium.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 August 2022 |title=CLUB BRUGGE LANDS RAPHAEL ONYEDIKA |url=https://www.clubbrugge.be/en/news/club-brugge-lands-raphael-onyedika |access-date=29 August 2022 |publisher=Club Brugge |archive-date=8 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008052500/https://www.clubbrugge.be/en/news/club-brugge-lands-raphael-onyedika |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
A watan Satumbar 2022, Raphael Onyedika ya fara kiranta tare da tawagar Najeriya ta kocin [[José Peseiro]]. Ya girmama zabinsa na farko a wannan taron a ranar 27 ga Satumba 2022 a wasan sada zumunci da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Aljeriya|Aljeriya]]. Ya shiga wasa a madadin [[Frank Onyeka]] a wannan wasan da 'yan Najeriya suka rasa (2-1 na karshe).

A ranar 29 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2023, an zaba shi a cikin jerin 'yan wasan Najeriya 25 da [[José Peseiro]] ya zaba don yin gasa a gasar cin [[Gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afrika 2023|Kofin Kasashen Afirka na 2023]].

A ranar 11 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2025, an kira Onyedika zuwa tawagar Najeriya don gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta 2025. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 December 2025 |title=Nigeria name star-packed AFCON squad as Osimhen and Lookman lead Super Eagles challenge |url=https://www.cafonline.com/afcon2025/news/nigeria-name-star-packed-afcon-squad-as-osimhen-and-lookman-lead-super-eagles-challenge/ |access-date=12 December 2025 |publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hanyar wasa ==
Raphael Onyedika da farko dan wasan tsakiya ne mai tsaron gida, wanda aka sani da ƙarfin jikinsa, ikon cin nasara, da kuma horo na dabarun. Ya yi fice wajen rushe wasan adawa ta hanyar tsayarwa da kuma takaddun lokaci, yayin da yake da kwanciyar hankali don riƙe mallakar a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. Ayyukansa na wasanni suna ba shi damar rufe ƙasa da sauri, kuma sau da yawa yana aiki a matsayin garkuwar a gaban tsaro.

Onyedika kuma tana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba da haɓaka wasa, yana nuna kyakkyawan kewayon wucewa da ikon ɗaukar kwallon gaba. Halinsa ya jawo kwatanci ga masu tsakiya na tsakiya, haɗuwa da tsayin daka tare da wasan rikon kwarya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sports |first=Pulse |date=2026-01-02 |title=AFCON 2025: Onyedika, Chukwueze star in Group Stage Round 3 Best XI |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/afcon-2025/story/afcon-2025-onyedika-chukwueze-star-in-group-stage-round-3-best-xi-2026010209562760206 |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=Pulse Sports Nigeria |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mr |first=Score Nigeria |date=2026-01-01 |title=Onyedika selected for AFCON Best XI |url=https://scorenigeria.com.ng/onyedika-selected-for-afcon-best-xi/ |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=Score Nigeria |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kididdigar aiki ==

=== Kungiyar ===
{{Updated|match played 17 May 2026}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kungiyar
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lokacin
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ƙungiyar
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kofin kasa{{Efn|Includes [[Danish Cup]], [[Belgian Cup]]}}
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Turai
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimillar
|-
!Rarraba
!Aikace-aikacen
!Manufofin
!Aikace-aikacen
!Manufofin
!Aikace-aikacen
!Manufofin
!Aikace-aikacen
!Manufofin
!Aikace-aikacen
!Manufofin
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Midtjylland
|2020–21
|Danish Superliga
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|2021–22
|Danish Superliga
|31
|2
|6
|1
|11{{Efn|Four appearances and one goal in [[UEFA Champions League]], five appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]], two appearances in [[UEFA Conference League]]}}
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|48
|4
|-
|2022–23
|Danish Superliga
|6
|0
|0
|0
|3{{Efn|Appearances in UEFA Champions League}}
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|9
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimillar
!37
!2
!6
!1
!14
!1
!0
!0
!57
!4
|-
|Fredericia (rashin kuɗi) 
|2020–21
|Danish 1st Division
|28
|3
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|28
|3
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Kungiyar Brugge
|2022–23
|Belgian Pro League
|31
|0
|2
|0
|7[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|40
|0
|-
|2023–24
|Belgian Pro League
|30
|3
|2
|0
|17{{Efn|Appearances in UEFA Europa Conference League}}
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|49
|4
|-
|2024–25
|Belgian Pro League
|34
|1
|6
|0
|10[c]
|1
|1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Belgian Super Cup]]}}
|0
|52
|2
|-
|2025–26
|Belgian Pro League
|30
|1
|1
|0
|10[c]
|2
|1[e]
|0
|42
|3
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimillar
!125
!5
!11
!0
!45
!4
!2
!0
!183
!9
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Cikakken aikinsa
!190
!10
!17
!1
!59
!5
!2
!0
!268
!16
|}
{{Notelist}}{{Updated|match played 10 June 2026}}&lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot;&gt;{{NFT player}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara
!Ƙungiyar ƙasa
!Shekara
!Aikace-aikacen
!Manufofin
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]]
|2022
|1
|0
|-
|2023
|2
|0
|-
|2024
|11
|1
|-
|2025
|5
|2
|-
|2026
|7
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimillar
!26
!3
|}

: ''Scores da sakamakon lissafin burin Najeriya na farko, shafi na ci yana nuna ci bayan kowane burin Onyedika.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Jerin burin kasa da kasa da Raphael Onyedika ya zira
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |A'a.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ranar
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Wurin da ake ciki
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Cap
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Abokin hamayya
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Sakamakon
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Sakamakon
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Gasar
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|10 Yuni 2024
|Filin wasa na Felix Houphouet Boigny, [[Abidjan]], Najeriya
| align=&quot;center&quot; |9
|{{Fb|BEN}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–1
|2026 cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |30 Disamba 2025
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Filin wasa na Fez, Fez, Morocco
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |19
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Fb|UGA}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |3–1
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2025 Kofin Kasashen Afirka
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
|}

== Daraja ==
'''FC Midtjylland'''

* Danish Superliga: 2019-20
* Kofin Danish: 2021-222021–22

'''Kungiyar Brugge'''

* Belgian Pro League: 2023-24, 2025-262025–26
* Kofin Belgium: 2024-252024–25
* Super Cup na Belgium: 2025

'''Najeriya'''

* Wanda ya ci gaba da cin [[Gasar cin kofin Afrika|Kofin Kasashen Afirka]]: [[Gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afrika 2023|2023]]; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Stevens |first=Rob |date=11 February 2024 |title=Nigeria 1–2 Ivory Coast |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68196261 |access-date=12 February 2024 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; matsayi na uku: [[Kofin Kasashen Afirka na 2025|2025]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Stevens |first=Rob |date=17 January 2026 |title=Afcon 2025: Egypt 0-0 Nigeria (2-4 pens) - Super Eagles finish third |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cpqyvje5de8t |access-date=20 January 2026 |website=BBC Sport |language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Mutumin da ya fi so'''

* EaglesTracker Midfielder na kakar: 2023-24

* memba na Order of the Niger [[Fayil:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==


== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://www.clubbrugge.be/en/teams/a-kern/players/raphael-onyedika Raphael Onyedika] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260213065356/https://www.clubbrugge.be/en/teams/a-kern/players/raphael-onyedika |date=2026-02-13 }} a shafin yanar gizon Club Brugge KN
* {{Soccerway|raphael-onyedika-nwadike/637146}}
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sokonte Huttin Davies</title>
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'''Sokonte Huttin Davies''' ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. Ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin Majalisa ta [[Degema]] Bonny a Majalisar Wakilai ta 6 da 7.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/sokonte-huttin-davies |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-10-02 |title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria |url=http://www.nassnig.org/mp/assembly/7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002062839/http://www.nassnig.org/mp/assembly/7 |archive-date=2 October 2015 |access-date=2024-12-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=tnnonline |date=2022-02-16 |title=2023 Guber: Who Gets Amaechi's Support In Rivers? |url=https://tnnonline.info/2023-guber-who-gets-amaechis-support-in-rivers/ |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=TNN Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi da farkon rayuwarsa ==
Sokonte ya fito ne daga [[Jihar Rivers]], [[Najeriya]] kuma an haife shi a shekarar 1963.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Ilimi ==
A cikin 1981, Davies ya yi karatu a [[Jami'ar Jihar Ribas|Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Rivers]], Nkpolu, Port Harcourt, [[Jihar Riers]], [[Najeriya]]. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Kwalejin Aikin Gona ta Belorussia, [[Belarus]] a shekarar 1984. Ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin tattalin arziƙi (MSc) daga Cibiyar Aikin Gona ta Crimea M.I. Kalinin, [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] a shekarar 1989. Ya sami Dokta na Falsafa (Ph.D.) a Tattalin Arziki / Gudanarwa daga Jami'ar Aikin Gona ta Kuducin China, China, a watan Yunin 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Ayyukan Davies suna da alamar haɗuwa da kasuwanci, sabis na jama'a, da nasarorin siyasa.

=== Ayyukan sana'a ===
Sokonte ya yi aiki a Sungrace Investment, [[Guangzhou]], [[Sin|China]], a cikin 2000 a matsayin mai tsara dabarun da kuma mai nazarin kasuwanci.Ya kafa Cibiyar Manufofin Jama'a da Jagora a Port Harcourt a shekara ta 2001. A shekara ta 2002, an nada shi Shugaba na Seivad Global Resources, Port Harcourt . Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Grassroots, cibiyar ci gaban siyasa ta Port Harcourt, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

=== Ayyukan siyasa ===
A shekara ta 2007, Davies ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilai ta 6 da 7, yana wakiltar Majalisa ta Tarayya ta Degema / Bonny inda ya yi aiki har zuwa shekara ta 2015. A wannan lokacin, ya yi aiki a kwamitoci da yawa, ciki har da Harkokin Waje, Bayanai &amp; Gudanar da Kasa, Al'adu &amp; Yawon Bude Ido, Muhalli, Jama'a ta Kasa, Sojoji, da Diaspora. Musamman, ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar kan Sufurin Kasa (2011-2015). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

An zaɓe shi a karkashin dandalin Jam'iyyar Demokradiyya ta Jama'a (PDP) kuma ya yi aiki daga 2007 har zuwa lokacin da ya fice zuwa All Progressives Congress (APC) a watan Disamba 2013. Bayan ya fice, ya ci gaba da wakiltar maɓabarsa a ƙarƙashin APC har zuwa ƙarshen wa'adinsa a shekarar 2015..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=The |date=2013-12-19 |title=APC now in majority as 37 Reps defect from PDP |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/apc-now-in-majority-as-37-reps-defect-from-pdp/ |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ekott |first=Ini |date=December 18, 2013 |title=APC leads House of Reps as 37 PDP members defect |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/151695-update-apc-leads-house-reps-37-pdp-members-defect.html? |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Davies ya kasance mai neman gwamna a zaɓen gwamna na Jihar Rivers na 2023 a ƙarƙashin All Progressives Congress (APC), tare da goyon baya daga tsohon Gwamna [[Rotimi Amaechi]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Codingest |date=2022-04-16 |title=RIvers people are fed up with PDP and are yearning for change--Sokonte Daviese |url=https://www.nationaltrustreporters.ng/rivers-people-are-fed-up-with-pdp-and-are-yearning-for-change-sokonte-daviese |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=National Trust Reporter |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya nada Sokonte Davies a matsayin Babban Darakta na Ayyukan Ruwa a Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Najeriya (NPA).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-10-10 |title=NPA Management interacts with Stakeholders in Lagos |url=https://nigeriamaritime360.com/npa-management-interacts-with-stakeholders-in-lagos/ |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=NigeriaMaritime360.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110145838/https://nigeriamaritime360.com/npa-management-interacts-with-stakeholders-in-lagos/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |title=NPA PLAYS HOST TO OFFICIALS OF LAGOS ISLAND CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT(CBD) |url=https://nigerianports.gov.ng/2020/01/17/npa-plays-host-to-officials-of-lagos-island-central-business-districtcbd/ |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=Nigerian Ports Authority |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Thandiubani |date=2016-07-12 |title=President Buhari Appoints New MD for NPA |url=https://www.tori.ng/news/35062/president-buhari-appoints-new-md-for-npa.html |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=Tori.ng |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Buhari sacks NPA boss, appoints El-Rufai's chief of staff as replacement |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/206790-buhari-sacks-npa-boss-appoints-el-rufais-chief-staff-replacement.html?tztc=1 |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Amao |first=Oluwatoyin |date=2018-06-29 |title=Olu of Warri urges support for NPA |url=https://shipsandports.com.ng/olu-warri-urges-support-npa-2/ |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=Ships &amp; Ports |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1963]]</text>
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    <title>Cibiyar sadarwa ta Free Ulema - Libya</title>
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Cibiyar Free Ulema - [[Libya]] kungiya ce ta manyan shugabannin addini, ko [[Ulama'u|ulama]], daga dukkan yankuna na Libya. Saboda matsalolin tsaro na ci gaba tare da iyalai da abokan hulɗa na waɗanda ke adawa da [[Muammar Gaddafi]] da aka yi garkuwa da su ba a saki sunayen membobin ba. Koyaya, sun kasance da murya sosai a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na duniya a duk lokacin Yaƙin basasar Libya, suna sakin maganganu, roƙo, kira, amincewa, martani da fatwas. Tun lokacin da aka 'yantar da Libya Cibiyar Ulema ta 'Yanci ta kafa babbar kungiya ta malaman addinin Libya da ake kira League of Libyan Ulema, karkashin jagorancin Sheikh Umar Abdul Hamid al Mawlud . 

== Mambobin Cibiyar sadarwa ==
Cibiyar sadarwa ta kunshi manyan malaman addinin [[Musulmi]] ko [[Ulama'u|ulama]], kuma kowannensu yana da ƙwarewa daban-daban da kuma asalin kabilanci daban-daban daga da kewayen [[Libya]]. Dangane da asalin Cibiyar da aka buga a kasan Sanarwar manema labarai membobin sun hada da cakuda manyan alƙalai, lauyoyi, likitoci, injiniyoyi, farfesa na jami'a, masu ilimi, da malamai, marubuta, da mawaƙa. Dangane da rubuce-rubuce a kan hanyar sadarwa, waɗannan sun haɗa da rabo na matasa, da maza da mata. Mutane galibi suna da ilimi a Libya, duk da haka, akwai kuma mutane da yawa da suka sami ilimi a kasashen waje. Dangane da maganganun Cibiyar sadarwa, sun fito ne daga rukuni daban-daban na &quot;makarantu da ra'ayoyi daban-daban&quot; kuma sun yi imani &quot;a cikin wadatar jam'iyya, gami da hikimar tattaunawa da sadarwa tare da duk sauran addinai da al'adu&quot;.

Cibiyar sadarwa tana nuna murkushe ayyukan farar hula da ƙarfin mulkin Gaddafi a kan mutanenta a lokacin mulkin [[Muammar Gaddafi]] na tsawon shekaru arba'in. Sun jaddada duk da haka game da al'ummar farar hula ta Libya cewa hanyar sadarwarsu:
{{Blockquote|…is only one dimension of Libya's very rich and sophisticated [[Civil Society]], which has always been there, but has had to go clandestine for many years because of the regime's repressive policies. In the New Libya, all these seeds will sprout into a rich and vibrant culture, unified, and mutually respectful. For the time being, security conditions do not allow us to publish a list of members. We will publish such a list as soon as we can.&lt;ref name=&quot;interfaith.cam.ac.uk&quot;/&gt;}}

== Bayanan hukuma Yakin basasar Libya ==

=== Bayanan Jaridu ===
An saki wasu sakonnin manema labarai a matsayin martani ga yakin basasa da aka yi wa tsohon gwamnatin Gaddafi.

* '''Asabar 19 Fabrairu 2011''' - Kayan Kayan Kisan Kayan Kudancin Aljanu a LIBYA

Yayin da [[gwamnati]] ta mayar da martani ga zanga-zangar zaman lafiya tare da tashin hankali mai yawa, limaman Libya sun fitar da sanarwa ta farko. Sanarwar ta fito ne daga 'masanan addini (Faqihs da Sufi Sheikhs) , masu ilimi, da dattawan dangin daga [[Tripoli]], Bani Walid, Zintan, Jadu, Msalata, Misrata, Zawiya, da sauran garuruwa da ƙauyuka na yammacin yankin ƙaunataccen Libya ga dukan bil'adama, ga dukan maza da mata masu alheri. ,

* '''Litinin 21 ga Fabrairu 2011''' - Kira don Cikakken REBELLION IN LIBYA, 

A ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, Cibiyar Free Ulema ta yi kira ga cikakken tawaye a kan gwamnatin Gaddafi a Libya. Wannan ya zo ne bayan babban murkushewa kan zanga-zangar zaman lafiya ta hanyar amfani da makamai na jirgin sama, da manyan [[Artillery|bindigogi]]. Malaman nan da nan sun yi kira ga mutane su dauki mataki a kan mulkin, suna mai cewa aikin addini ne na tsayayya da zalunci da zalunci. Sun ba da shawarar cewa ayyukan gwamnatin Gaddafi sun sa su 'ba su cancanci kowane biyayya ko tallafi ba, kuma sun sa tawaye da su ta kowace hanya ya yiwu a matsayin aikin da aka ba da umarni ga kowane [[Musulmi]], namiji ko mace, har zuwa iyakar iyawarsu.'  Sun kuma goyi bayan fatwas na Sheikh Sadiq al Ghriani a kan gwamnati. Sanarwar ta kuma yi kira ga a saki Ghriani nan take.

* '''Talata 22 Fabrairu 2011''' - APPEAL don HELP

* '''Talata 22 Fabrairu 2011''' - HELP IN STOPPING MERCENARIES

Bayan fahimtar duka a Libya da na duniya, ana amfani da ma'aikata don aiwatar da ayyukan tashin hankali wanda sojoji na Libya bazai son aiwatar da shi ba, kamar harbi fararen hula hanyar sadarwar ta kaddamar da kira ga al'ummomin duniya, na bangaskiya, da na jama'ar duniya. Sun kaddamar da roko don neman taimako mai yawa don dakatar da samar da sojoji ga Gaddafi zuwa Libya, suna roƙon ƙasashe makwabta kada su ba da izinin tashi daga kasashensu, da kuma ɗaukar matakai na siyasa da / ko shari'a a kan kamfanonin tsaro da sararin samaniya waɗanda ke ba da sabis ga Gaddaf. Sun kuma jaddada cewa waɗannan kungiyoyi ko ƙasashe waɗanda ke da hannu kai tsaye ko a kaikaice a cikin samar da ma'aikata waɗanda ake amfani da su don murkushe zanga-zangar zaman lafiya tare da tashin hankali mai yawa za a ga su a matsayin sauƙaƙe laifuka a kan bil'adama, kuma ana iya bin su ta hanyar [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya]].

* '''Laraba 23 ga Fabrairu 2011''' - Bayani da Bayani na Bayani na 17 ga Fabrairun 2011

Shahararren goyon baya ga tawaye a kan Gaddafi, da kuma kin amincewar Gaddafi don yin aiki tare da masu zanga-zangar, sannan kuma tashin hankali kan zanga-zambe, yana nufin cewa wani tsari na siyasa ya zama mai yiwuwa don amincewa a Libya. Sautin irin wannan tsarin siyasa na daban ya kasance daga wadanda ke jagorantar juyin juya halin da ya fara a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu. Wadannan sun kasance na dimokuradiyya gabaɗaya. Shugabannin addinai na cibiyar sadarwa ta Free Ulema sun sake maimaita ra'ayi mai zurfi da ke kira ga 'kafa sabuwar gwamnatin dimokuradiyya wacce ke da tsarin mulki kuma tana girmama ikon ɗan adam da aka ba da kyauta ta Allah kuma an san ta da duniya, sauya ikon zaman lafiya, bambancin, gwamnati mai tsabta da tsabta, rabuwa da iko (tare da dubawa da ma'auni), wanda da aminci da aminci ke ƙoƙarin yin hidima ga maza masu ƙarfin zuciya, mata, da yara na Libya tare da nuna gaskiya, ibada, da ibada. Muna kira ga dukkan Musulmai, maza da mata, da su goyi bayan wannan sabuwar gwamnati da kuma yin aiki tuƙuru don kare Libya mai mulkinmu da hadin kai da babban birnin Tripoli.

* '''Asabar 26 Fabrairu 2011''' - KIRAN DUNIYA TA DAKATAR DA HALLAKA

Bayan da ya tabbata cewa Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da al'ummar duniya gabaɗaya suna da niyyar ɗaukar matakin diflomasiyya akan Muammar Gaddafi, malaman addini suka yi kira da a taimaka wa mutane ta fuskar jin kai. Sun bayyana cewa dubban mutane sun riga sun mutu, lamarin da ya dace da bayanan da dama daga kafofin watsa labarai.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | url = http://www.news.com.au/world/thousands-killed-in-libya-unrest-says-deputy-un-ambassador/story-e6frfkyi-1226012362147 | title = Thousands killed in Libya unrest, says deputy UN ambassador Ibrahim Dabbashi | publisher = News.Com.Au | place = Australia | date = February 26, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
An kuma fara wani takardar neman goyon baya a shafin neman sa hannu na yanar gizo domin tallafa wa kiran malaman addini.

* '''Lahadi 27 Fabrairu 2011''' - GOYON BAYAN SABON GWAMNATI NA RIKON KWARYA

Saboda gagarumin goyon bayan jama'a ga juyin juya halin da ke Libya an kafa wata gwamnati ta wucin gadi a birnin Benghazi da ke gabashin Libya, ɗaya daga cikin biranen farko da tashin hankali ya fara. Kungiyar Malaman Musulmi 'yan 'yanci ta mara wa wannan gwamnati baya a matsayin madadin gwamnatin Gaddafi da ke shirin rushewa, inda ta fitar da sanarwa tana nuna goyon baya da amincewa da gwamnatin rikon kwarya. Sanarwar su ta nuna yadda zubar da jini da yawa ke sa gwamnatin Gaddafi ta zama ba halastacciya ba bisa addini, jin kai da ɗabi'a. Sun kuma mara wa jerin sanarwar juyin juya hali na 17 Fabrairu 2011 baya, da kuma sanarwar kafa sabon gwamnatin rikon kwarya da lauya Mustafa Abdel Jalil ya bayyana daga Benghazi.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | url = http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=210171 | title = Libya: Rebels await counter-attack; Gaddafi defiant | publisher = The Jerusalem Post | place = Jerusalem | date = February 28, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Talata 1 Maris 2011''' - A DAKATAR DA WATSAR DA SAƘON KISAN KAI

Ci gaba da amfani da talabijin na gwamnati da gwamnatin Gaddafi ke yi ya zama batu na musamman, bayan da ya tabbata cewa ragowar ababen more rayuwar gwamnatin Gaddafi na amfani da tashar talabijin don kiran tashin hankali ga matasan da ake zargi da zama cikin wata makircin Al Qaeda da kuma haddasa tashin hankali ta hanyar amfani da kwayoyin hauka. Sanarwar ta yi magana kai tsaye da shugabannin kamfanonin watsa shirye-shirye da waɗanda ke samar da bandwidth, inda aka ce suna da hannu wajen watsa irin waɗannan saƙonni. Intelsat, Eutelsat, NileSat, da ArabSat an ambata musamman a matsayin waɗanda ke ba da damar watsa shirye-shirye ga talabijin na gwamnati. An roƙi su da su daina ba da damar watsa shirye-shiryen ga wata gwamnati da ake zargi da aikata laifukan cin zarafin ɗan adam.

* '''Laraba 2 Maris 2011''' - KIRA GA DUNIYA TA AMINCE DA SABON KUNGIYAR RIKON KWARYA TA LIBYA

Bayan amincewarsu da sabuwar gwamnatin rikon kwarya a ranar 27 Fabrairu 2011, malaman addini daga Network of Free Ulema sun sake fitar da kira ga ƙasashen duniya da ƙungiyoyi na duniya su amince da wannan sabuwar gwamnatin. Sun bayyana cewa hanya mafi dacewa da za a tallafa wa 'yan Libya ita ce ta hanyar amincewa da shugabancin rikon kwarya.

Shafin yanar gizon kungiyar ya lissafa birane da yankuna da ƙungiyoyi da suka nuna goyon baya ga sabuwar gwamnatin rikon kwarya ciki har da Asabi'a, Zuwara, Gharyan, Yafran, Janzur, Nalut, Zawiya, Khoms, 'Aziziya, Qasr Bin Gashir, Zintan, Zelten, Jadu, Tamzin, Misrata, Bani Walid, Msallata, Ra's Lanuf, Brak, Ajdabiya, Jalu, Awjila, Kufra, Benghazi, Marj, Bayda, Derna, Tubruk, da Jaghbub. ‘Yankuna da dama na sojin Libya da ‘yan sanda sun bayyana goyon bayansu, kuma an kafa wani kwamitin da ke tsara ayyukan soja. Malaman Musulmi irin su Network of Free Ulema da Sheikh al-Sadiq al-Ghriani suma sun amince da gwamnatin rikon kwarya. Matasa da suka fara wannan gagarumin canji ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin matasa irin su Libyan Youth Movement suma suna goyon bayan wannan gwamnati.

* '''Talata 8 Maris 2011''' - GODIYA GA MAJALISAR HADA KAI TA GULF

Makon farko na watan Maris ya ga karuwar matsin lamba ta diflomasiyya kan gwamnatin Gaddafi, tare da wasu ƙasashen duniya suna kokarin nuna goyon baya ga sabuwar gwamnatin wucin gadi, ciki har da wata sanarwa daga gwamnatin Faransa wadda ba ta kai matakin amincewa ba da gangan. Ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta ƙasashen Larabawa na yankin Gulf ta fara nuna sha’awa ga wannan gwamnatin. Ministan harkokin wajen Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, H.E. Sheikh Abdallah Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, ya bayyana a taron ministocin harkokin wajen ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta Gulf da aka gudanar a Abu Dhabi a ranar 7 Maris cewa &quot;muna kira ga al’ummar duniya, musamman Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, su ɗauki nauyin taimaka wa 'yan Libya.&quot; Ya ci gaba da yin kira mafi ƙarfi da aka taɓa ji a lokacin, yana cewa &quot;kisan kiyashin da gwamnati ke yi wa 'yan ƙasa laifukan cin zarafin ɗan adam ne da ke bukatar la’anta.&quot; Ministocin Majalisar Hadin Kan Gulf sun yi tarayya wajen la’antar amfani da makamai kan fararen hula kuma suka yi kira ga Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Larabawa su kare 'yan Libya.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | url = http://m.gulfnews.com/news/region/libya/gcc-calls-for-un-action-on-libya-1.773101 | title = GCC calls for UN action on Libya | publisher = Gulf News | place = UAE | date = March 8, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Talata 8 Maris 2011''' - GA MATA MABARATA NA LIBYA

A ranar Mata ta Duniya 2011, kungiyar Network of Free Ulema – Libya ta fitar da wata sanarwa tana yabawa da gudummawar da mata suka bayar wajen yaki da mulkin danniya na Gaddafi, da kuma muhimmiyar rawar da mata ke takawa wajen gina 'Libya mai 'yanci'.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | url = http://www.tahrirsquared.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/12_NFUPressRelease_WomensDay_08_03_11.pdf | title = The Brave Women of Libya | publisher = Network of Free Ulema of Libya | place = Libya | date = 8 March 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Haka kuma sun bayyana goyon bayansu ga jigon wannan shekarar wato &quot;daidaitaccen damar zuwa ilimi&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | url = https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/iwd/| title = International Women's Day | publisher = WomenWatch | place = Geneva | date = 8 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | url = http://www.tahrirsquared.net/2011/03/08/libya-emergency-site/ | title = Libyan Scholars Declare Support for Women | publisher = Tahrir Squared | place = Egypt | date = 8 March 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Talata 15 Maris 2011''' - KARE 'YAN JARIDA

Bayan jerin hare-hare na dabbanci, kama da kuma kisan wani ɗan jarida da dakarun Gaddafi suka yi, kungiyar ta fitar da wata sanarwa tana goyon bayan kafafen watsa labarai masu zaman kansu da kuma adawa da makaman yada yaɗuwar ƙarya daga kafafen watsa labarai da gwamnati ke goyon baya. Kamfen ɗin razanarwa da kuma katse hanyar watsa labarai na duniya mai inganci, wani muhimmin abu ne da Gaddafi ke amfani da shi don sake kafawa kansa ikon mulki, inda al’umma ke samun damar kallon shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don nuna masa goyon baya kawai. Rahotannin daga kafafen watsa labarai da gwamnati ke marawa baya ba su da alaƙa da gaskiyar abin da ke faruwa kamar yadda shaidu da kafafen yada labarai na duniya ke bayarwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | url = http://www.freeulema.org/communiques/13_NFUPressRelease_ProtectingJournalists_15-03-11.pdf | title = Protecting Journalists | publisher = Network of Free Ulema | place = Libya | date = 15 March 2011 | access-date = 12 July 2025 | archive-date = 20 July 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220720015029/http://www.freeulema.org/communiques/13_NFUPressRelease_ProtectingJournalists_15-03-11.pdf | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Sanarwa===

* '''Alhamis 3 Maris 2011''' - MARTANI GA SHAWARAR CHAVEZ

Da zaran jama’a suka samu labarin, kungiyar ta fitar da wata sanarwa dangane da shawarwarin tattaunawar zaman lafiya da Hugo Chavez ya gabatar wa Gaddafi da gwamnatin sa. Kungiyar ta bayyana cewa zargin laifukan cin zarafin ɗan adam da Gaddafi da abokan aikinsa suka aikata a kan al’ummar Libya ya sa gwamnati ta rasa halaccinta, kuma cewa majalisar rikon kwarya da ke da goyon bayan mafi yawan jama’a ita ce hanyar halastacciya da duniya za ta bi wajen hulɗa da Libya.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | url = http://www.ansamed.it/en/libia/news/ME.XEF58990.html | title = LIBYA:NETWORK OF FREE ULEMA,CHAVEZ MUST SIDE AGAINST GADDAFI | publisher = ANSA | place = Italy | date = 3 March 2011 | access-date = 12 July 2025 | archive-date = 4 September 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110904032458/http://www.ansamed.it/en/libia/news/ME.XEF58990.html | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
==Bayani na Jama'a da Hirarraki da Kafofin Yada Labarai==

===Bayani na Jama'a===

A ranar 3 ga Maris 2011, yayin wata gangamin tsoratarwa, kafin wani zanga-zanga da ake sa ran zai faru bayan Sallar Juma'a a ranar 4 ga Maris, inda matasa masu magana da kafofin yada labarai na duniya da manyan masu suka ga kusancin Gaddafi suke kama suna kuma zargin ana azabtar da su, Cibiyar Malamai 'Yan Ceto ta fitar da wani bayani na jama'a. Wasu majiyoyi sun bayyana cewa 'yan uwa na wasu mutanen an kama su kuma ana amfani da su a matsayin jingina. Bayanin ya ce:

{{blockquote|Wannan sanarwa ce ta GAGGAWA ga duniya da kotun hukunta laifukan kasa da kasa musamman, cewa Gaddafi da abokan laifinsa suna aiwatar da wata babbar makarkashiyar kama mutane a Tripoli da kewayenta, da nufin ‘tsabtace’ shugabannin matasa kafin Sallar Juma'a gobe, da kuma don su ‘yi kyau’ a idanun kafofin yada labarai na duniya, wanda aka gayyata zuwa Tripoli a matsayin wani kamfen din gyaran suna da ke kokarin rufe laifukan da suka ci zarafin mutanen Libiya masu jarumtaka. Muna kira ga kowa da kowa da ke da kyakkyawar niyya a duniya, da ya yi duk mai yiwuwa don ceto matasanmu daga hannun Gaddafi, 'yan barandarsa, da mayakansa. &lt;ref&gt;{{citation | url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/21/gadhafi-libya-protests_n_826272.html | title = Gadhafi's Support Crumbles As Libya Protests Continue | publisher = Huffington Post | place = US | date = 21 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | url = http://voices.washingtonpost.com/blog-post/2011/03/gaddafis_forces_continue_strik.html | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120717094139/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/blog-post/2011/03/gaddafis_forces_continue_strik.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = July 17, 2012 | title = Obama says Gaddafi 'must leave'; Friday protests planned for Tripoli | newspaper = The Washington Post | place = US | date = March 3, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
==Ra'ayoyi Kan Gwamnatin Libya Ta Gaba==

Sanarwa da hirarrakin kungiyar Network of the Free Ulema suna nuna wasu muhimman batutuwa da ke bayyana burinsu ga kasar Libya bayan Gaddafi. Ta hakan suna nuna kansu a matsayin muryar ɗabi'a ko jagoranci na ƙasa, ba wai ƙungiyar siyasa ba. Wannan ya bambanta su da matsayin malaman [[Iran]] da suka zurfafa a cikin siyasa, da kuma da yawa daga cikin shugabannin Musulmai na ƙasashe daban-daban da ke nuna halin ko-in-kula ko kuma kare masu mulki.

===Rawar Addini a Siyasa===

Kungiyar na jaddada banbancin iko na addini da iko na siyasa. A dukkanin sanarwar da suka fitar, kungiyar ta bayyana cewa ba jam’iyyar siyasa ba ce. Suna kallon kansu a matsayin masu riƙe da ikon ɗabi’a, suna cewa &quot;manufarmu guda ɗaya ita ce tsayawa kan mafi girman ƙimar addini, ruhi, ɗabi’a da ɗan adam, da kuma hidima ga ƙasarmu mai albarka Libya.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.interfaith.cam.ac.uk/en/news-events/libya |title=Cambridge Inter-Faith Programme - CIP's Senior Advisor blogs about Libya |publisher=Interfaith.cam.ac.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-03-07 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A wurare da dama, kungiyar ta bayyana ra'ayin cewa kamata ya yi Libya ta kasance da tsarin siyasa mai 'yanci da dimokuradiyya, inda malamai na addini za su ba da shawarwari da koyi, tare da haɗa addini a rayuwar jama'a. Wannan ya bambanta da tsarin rashin addini da ke cikin Faransa. Ga wani ɓangare daga wata hira da memba:

{{blockquote|Mutanen Libya Musulmai ne masu addini, ko da yake darajar addini tana bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum – daga masu ra’ayin rashin addini zuwa 'yan hagu har zuwa masu tsananin ibada – da kuma mabiya makarantu daban-daban na addini. Duk da haka, yawancin 'yan Libya mabiya ne na al'ada, suna bin akidar tsohon tsari na Azhar. Tsarin da ke bayyana a yanzu wanda ke haɗa waɗannan bambance-bambancen shi ne na wata ƙasa mai 'yanci. Wannan na iya zama irin tsarin mulkin yanci na Anglo-Amurka wanda ke da sarari ga masu addini, ba wai tsarin rashin addini mai adawa da addini ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.ansamed.info/en/libia/news/ME.XEF63350.html |title=LYBIA:ULEMA AGAINST GADDAFI, NO FLY ZONE TO DEFEND PEOPLE*** - Lybia - ANSAMED.info |access-date=2011-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304221533/http://www.ansamed.info/en/libia/news/ME.XEF63350.html |archive-date=2011-03-04 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

===Mulki da Sauyin Siyasa===

Kungiyar na magana akan buƙatar samun mafita ga rikicin Libya ba tare da shigar ƙasashen waje ba. Wata kila saboda tsoron zama kamar Afghanistan ko [[Iraƙi|Iraq]], kungiyar ta jaddada cewa duk wani aiki daga sojojin ƙetare ya kamata ya bi ta hanyar gwamnatin rikon kwarya, domin kada a karya 'yancin kai na Libya. Ga wani ɓangare daga hira da kafofin watsa labarai:

{{blockquote|Muna adawa da duk wani shigar sojoji cikin ƙasarmu mai albarka. Amma mutane sun kasa jure rinjayen Gaddafi ta sama. Ya yi amfani da jiragen yaki wajen harbi fararen hula marasa makami. Saboda haka muna goyon bayan kafa yankin da jirage ba za su iya shawagi ba, ko da kuwa hakan yana buƙatar amfani da ƙarfin soja a ɗan lokaci. Duniya dole ta gane gwamnatin rikon kwarya da majalisa, kuma sahihan wakilan al’ummar Libya su nemi taimako domin kada a karya ‘yancin kai na Libya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ansamed1&quot;/&gt;}}

===Ra'ayi Kan Sabon Kundin Tsari===

Akwai wasu maganganu da ke nuna burin kungiyar dangane da sabon kundin tsarin mulki. Kungiyar na magana akan 'haƙƙin ɗan adam da Allah Ya tanadar' da kuma 'haƙƙin da duniya ta amince da su', suna nuni da yiwuwar cewa gwamnati mai zuwa ba za ta ga sabani tsakanin ƙimar Musulunci da yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa ba, kamar yadda aka gani a wasu ƙasashe:

{{blockquote|Sabuwar gwamnati ta dimokuradiyya wacce ke bin kundin tsarin mulki kuma tana girmama haƙƙin ɗan adam da Allah Ya tanadar da kuma wanda duniya ta amince da su, saukin sauya mulki cikin lumana, bambancin ra’ayi, gwamnati da aka zaɓa mai tsafta, raba iko (tare da duba-da-daidaici), wacce ke aiki da gaskiya da tsoron Allah da sadaukarwa domin hidimar jaruman maza da mata da yara na Libya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ansamed1&quot;/&gt;}}

===Ra'ayi Kan Mata===

Kungiyar ta fitar da sanarwa a Ranar Mata ta Duniya. Sun ga wannan rana a matsayin kiran neman 'yanci – ba kawai ga jama’ar Libya ba, amma musamman ga mata. &quot;Allah ya sa wannan rana ta musamman ta zamo abin koyi ga Sabuwar Libya Mai 'Yanci.&quot; Wannan na nuna cewa Libya bayan Gaddafi za ta iya kasancewa inda mata ba za a takura musu da ra’ayoyin malamai masu tsattsauran ra’ayi ba. Malaman addinin sun nuna ra’ayi mai cike da ci gaba game da matsayin mata a cikin al’umma. Marubuciya Shelina Janmohammed ta rubuta a shafinta cewa: “Yana da kyau ganin irin wannan fahimta daga Ulema, da kuma yadda suka gane muhimmancin mata da matsayin da ya kamata a ba su. Wannan ya ba ni fata ga sauyi.”&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | url = http://www.spirit21.co.uk/2011/03/women-stuck-between-the-darkness-of-jahiliyyah-and-a-brighter-dawn/ | title = Women stuck between the darkness of Jahiliyyah and a brighter dawn | publisher = Spirit 21 | place = UK | date = March 9, 2011 | access-date = July 12, 2025 | archive-date = June 24, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180624093221/http://www.spirit21.co.uk/2011/03/women-stuck-between-the-darkness-of-jahiliyyah-and-a-brighter-dawn/ | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Wajibi Na Addini Don Kaurace Wa Zalunci===

Tun farkon juyin juya hali, kungiyar ta fitar da kira ga 'yan Libya su tashi su bijire wa mulkin danniya na Gaddafi. Wannan kira ya jawo hankalin mutane sosai, inda rahotanni suka bayyana haka a cikin kafafen yada labarai da kuma wasu rubuce-rubucen ilimin addini.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | url = http://www.religiondispatches.org/dispatches/hahellyer/4328/libya's_religious_leaders_take_surprising_position:/ | title = Libya's Religious Leaders Take Surprising Position | publisher = Religion Dispatches | place = US | date = March 3, 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da cewa wasu marubuta sun nuna shakku, a wata hira da wata kafar labarai ta Italiya, wani memba daga cikin kungiyar ya ce akwai haɗin kai a duniya wajen adawa da Gaddafi:&lt;ref name=&quot;ansamed1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ansamed.info/en/libia/news/ME.XEF63350.html |title=Libya:Ulema Against Gaddafi, No Fly Zone To Defend People*** - Libya |publisher=ANSAMED.info |date= |accessdate=2011-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304221533/http://www.ansamed.info/en/libia/news/ME.XEF63350.html |archive-date=2011-03-04 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{blockquote|Mutanen Libya na da cikakkiyar imani. Ruhin Musulunci da ibada na cike da fata, imani da jin kai – waɗanda su ne ginshiƙan ƙimominsu. Ƙimomin Musulunci na adalci da gaskiya, da kuma muhimmancin kawar da muguntar zalunci suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin juyin juya hali. Amma kamar kowanne ɗan adam, 'yan Libya na sha’awar 'yanci. 'Yanci daraja ce ta addini da kuma ɗabi’a. A Libya a yau ana darajanta ta da gaske, ko da kai mai addini ne ko a'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;ansamed1&quot;/&gt;}}
==Kafa Kungiyar Malaman Libiya Bayan 'Yanci==
A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2012, a birnin Tripoli, mambobin wannan Rukunin sun taru tare da manyan malamai na addini daga Libiya don sanar da kafuwar League of Libyan Ulema.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | url = http://main.omandaily.om/node/86207 | title = غياب المصالحة في بلدان التغيير | publisher = Oman Daily | place = Oman | date = February 28, 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaban kungiyar shine Sheikh Dr Umar Abdul Hamid al Mawlud, tare da wata majalisar malamai masu ilimi da ke cikin kungiyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | url = http://www.albiladdaily.com/news.php?action=show&amp;id=93002 | title = التركي يبحث أوضاع الدعوة الإسلامية في ليبيا | publisher = Al Bilad | place = Saudi Arabia | date = February 16, 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta==
{{reflist|2}}</text>
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    <title>Sashen Aumale</title>
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'''Aumale''' ([o.mal], Larabci: أومال Awmāl) tsohon ginin Faransa ne a Aljeriya. Ya kasance daga 17 Maris ɗin shekarar 1958 zuwa 7 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1959. An ba shi sunan garin Sour El-Ghozlane, wanda a lokacin ana kiransa Aumale, bayan Henri d'Orléans, Duke na Aumale.

An yi la'akari da lardi na Faransa, Aljeriya ta kasance yanki ne a ranar 9 ga Disamba 1848, kuma ta haka aka tsara tsarin gudanarwa kamar yadda babban birnin Faransa. Yankunan farar hula uku (departements) sun maye gurbin beyliks guda uku waɗanda tsoffin sarakunan Ottoman suka raba yankin. Tsakiyar sassan asali guda uku na Aljeriya ana kiranta Alger. A watan Mayun 1957 an raba reshen lardin Medéa, har zuwa yanzu wani yanki na sashen Alger, kuma ya zama wani yanki na daban, kai tsaye zuwa kudancin yankin Alger. An gudanar da wannan gyare-gyaren gudanarwa saboda saurin karuwar yawan jama'a da aka samu a fadin yankin, musamman a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.

Ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomi na sabon yanki na Médéa, Aumale (ko Sūr-al-Ghuzlān), ya sami kansa a matsayin wani yanki na daban a watan Mayu 1958. Ƙungiyar Aumale ta ƙunshi ƙananan hukumomi uku: Bou Saâda, Ouled Djellal da Tablata.

Sabuwar ginin Aumale bai daɗe ba. A cikin Nuwamba 1959 ta daina wanzuwa kuma yankunanta sun koma cikin sassan makwabta.

A cikin gajeriyar rayuwarsa, an sanya wa sashen Aumale lambar &quot;kafafi&quot; lamba 9N, wanda ke bayyana akan faranti na mota da makamantansu.

A yau Aumale kanta, wanda aka fi sani da Sour El-Ghozlane, ana gudanar da shi a matsayin wani yanki na lardin Bouïra.&lt;ref&gt;le site du SPLAF : départements de l'Algérie française de 1848 à 1962&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
Departements français d'Algérie (har yanzu ba a fassara shi zuwa Turanci ba).</text>
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'''Aumale''' ([o.mal], Larabci: أومال Awmāl) tsohon ginin Faransa ne a Aljeriya. Ya kasance daga 17 Maris ɗin shekarar 1958 zuwa 7 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1959. An ba shi sunan garin Sour El-Ghozlane, wanda a lokacin ana kiransa Aumale, bayan Henri d'Orléans, Duke na Aumale.

An yi la'akari da lardi na Faransa, Aljeriya ta kasance yanki ne a ranar 9 ga Disamban shekarar 1848, kuma ta haka aka tsara tsarin gudanarwa kamar yadda babban birnin Faransa. Yankunan farar hula uku (departements) sun maye gurbin beyliks guda uku waɗanda tsoffin sarakunan Ottoman suka raba yankin. Tsakiyar sassan asali guda uku na Aljeriya ana kiranta Alger. A watan Mayun 1957 an raba reshen lardin Medéa, har zuwa yanzu wani yanki na sashen Alger, kuma ya zama wani yanki na daban, kai tsaye zuwa kudancin yankin Alger. An gudanar da wannan gyare-gyaren gudanarwa saboda saurin karuwar yawan jama'a da aka samu a fadin yankin, musamman a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.

Ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomi na sabon yanki na Médéa, Aumale (ko Sūr-al-Ghuzlān), ya sami kansa a matsayin wani yanki na daban a watan Mayu 1958. Ƙungiyar Aumale ta ƙunshi ƙananan hukumomi uku: Bou Saâda, Ouled Djellal da Tablata.

Sabuwar ginin Aumale bai daɗe ba. A cikin Nuwamba 1959 ta daina wanzuwa kuma yankunanta sun koma cikin sassan makwabta.

A cikin gajeriyar rayuwarsa, an sanya wa sashen Aumale lambar &quot;kafafi&quot; lamba 9N, wanda ke bayyana akan faranti na mota da makamantansu.

A yau Aumale kanta, wanda aka fi sani da Sour El-Ghozlane, ana gudanar da shi a matsayin wani yanki na lardin Bouïra.&lt;ref&gt;le site du SPLAF : départements de l'Algérie française de 1848 à 1962&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
Departements français d'Algérie (har yanzu ba a fassara shi zuwa Turanci ba).</text>
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'''Aumale''' ([o.mal], Larabci: أومال Awmāl) tsohon ginin Faransa ne a Aljeriya. Ya kasance daga 17 Maris ɗin shekarar 1958 zuwa 7 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1959. An ba shi sunan garin Sour El-Ghozlane, wanda a lokacin ana kiransa Aumale, bayan Henri d'Orléans, Duke na Aumale.

An yi la'akari da lardi na Faransa, Aljeriya ta kasance yanki ne a ranar 9 ga Disamban shekarar 1848, kuma ta haka aka tsara tsarin gudanarwa kamar yadda babban birnin Faransa. Yankunan farar hula uku (departements) sun maye gurbin beyliks guda uku waɗanda tsoffin sarakunan Ottoman suka raba yankin. Tsakiyar sassan asali guda uku na Aljeriya ana kiranta Alger. A watan Mayun shekarar 1957 an raba reshen lardin Medéa, har zuwa yanzu wani yanki na sashen Alger, kuma ya zama wani yanki na daban, kai tsaye zuwa kudancin yankin Alger. An gudanar da wannan gyare-gyaren gudanarwa saboda saurin karuwar yawan jama'a da aka samu a fadin yankin, musamman a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.

Ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomi na sabon yanki na Médéa, Aumale (ko Sūr-al-Ghuzlān), ya sami kansa a matsayin wani yanki na daban a watan Mayu 1958. Ƙungiyar Aumale ta ƙunshi ƙananan hukumomi uku: Bou Saâda, Ouled Djellal da Tablata.

Sabuwar ginin Aumale bai daɗe ba. A cikin Nuwamba 1959 ta daina wanzuwa kuma yankunanta sun koma cikin sassan makwabta.

A cikin gajeriyar rayuwarsa, an sanya wa sashen Aumale lambar &quot;kafafi&quot; lamba 9N, wanda ke bayyana akan faranti na mota da makamantansu.

A yau Aumale kanta, wanda aka fi sani da Sour El-Ghozlane, ana gudanar da shi a matsayin wani yanki na lardin Bouïra.&lt;ref&gt;le site du SPLAF : départements de l'Algérie française de 1848 à 1962&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
Departements français d'Algérie (har yanzu ba a fassara shi zuwa Turanci ba).</text>
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'''Aumale''' ([o.mal], Larabci: أومال Awmāl) tsohon ginin Faransa ne a Aljeriya. Ya kasance daga 17 Maris ɗin shekarar 1958 zuwa 7 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1959. An ba shi sunan garin Sour El-Ghozlane, wanda a lokacin ana kiransa Aumale, bayan Henri d'Orléans, Duke na Aumale.

An yi la'akari da lardi na Faransa, Aljeriya ta kasance yanki ne a ranar 9 ga Disamban shekarar 1848, kuma ta haka aka tsara tsarin gudanarwa kamar yadda babban birnin Faransa. Yankunan farar hula uku (departements) sun maye gurbin beyliks guda uku waɗanda tsoffin sarakunan Ottoman suka raba yankin. Tsakiyar sassan asali guda uku na Aljeriya ana kiranta Alger. A watan Mayun shekarar 1957 an raba reshen lardin Medéa, har zuwa yanzu wani yanki na sashen Alger, kuma ya zama wani yanki na daban, kai tsaye zuwa kudancin yankin Alger. An gudanar da wannan gyare-gyaren gudanarwa saboda saurin karuwar yawan jama'a da aka samu a fadin yankin, musamman a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.

Ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomi na sabon yanki na Médéa, Aumale (ko Sūr-al-Ghuzlān), ya sami kansa a matsayin wani yanki na daban a watan Mayu 1958. Ƙungiyar Aumale ta ƙunshi ƙananan hukumomi uku: Bou Saâda, Ouled Djellal da Tablata.

Sabuwar ginin Aumale bai daɗe ba. A cikin Nuwamban shekarar 1959 ta daina wanzuwa kuma yankunanta sun koma cikin sassan makwabta.

A cikin gajeriyar rayuwarsa, an sanya wa sashen Aumale lambar &quot;kafafi&quot; lamba 9N, wanda ke bayyana akan faranti na mota da makamantansu.

A yau Aumale kanta, wanda aka fi sani da Sour El-Ghozlane, ana gudanar da shi a matsayin wani yanki na lardin Bouïra.&lt;ref&gt;le site du SPLAF : départements de l'Algérie française de 1848 à 1962&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
Departements français d'Algérie (har yanzu ba a fassara shi zuwa Turanci ba).</text>
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    <title>Zaben gwamna na Jihar Legas na 1999</title>
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'''Zaɓen gwamna na Jihar Legas na shekarar 1999''' ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1999. Ɗan takarar [[Alliance for Democracy (Nijeriya)|AD]] [[Bola Tinubu]] ya lashe zaɓen inda ya doke dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Bola Tinubu]] ya fito ne a matsayin ɗan takarar [[Alliance for Democracy (Nijeriya)|AD]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana zaɓar [[Jerin gwamnonin Lagos|Gwamnan Jihar Legas]] ta amfani da tsarin jefa ƙuri'a.

== Zaɓen fidda gwani ==

=== AD na farko ===
[[Bola Tinubu]] ne ya lashe Zaɓen fidda gwani na AD . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa ƙuri'a a jihar ya kai 4,093,143. Adadin ƙuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 1,184,372, yayin da yawan ƙuri'un inganci ya kasance 1,149,375. Kayan ƙuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 34,997.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election results |url=http://www.geocities.ws/ndlf/elec.html |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.geocities.ws}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Zaben gwamna na Jihar Gombe na 1999</title>
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      <parentid>712930</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:43:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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'''Zaben gwamna na Jihar Gombe na shekarar 1999'''ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 1999. Wanda aka zaba a [[All People's Party|APP]] [[Abubakar Habu Hashidu]] ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Abubakar Habu Hashidu]] ya fito ne a matsayin dan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zabe ==
Ana zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Gombe|Gwamnan Jihar Gombe]] ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

== Zaben fidda gwani ==

=== APP na farko ===
[[Abubakar Habu Hashidu]] ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na APP . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,113,734. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kai 644,696, yayin da adadin kuri'un kirki ya kai 622,379. Kayan kuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 22,317.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election results |url=http://www.geocities.ws/ndlf/elec.html |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.geocities.ws}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election results|cand1=[[Abubakar Habu Hashidu]]|party1=[[All People's Party (Nigeria)|All People's Party]]|votes1=349284|cand2=|party2=[[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|People's Democratic Party]]|votes2=267043|invalid=22317|electorate=1113734|source=[https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html Nigeria World], [https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf IFES], [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Intra-and-inter-party-post-election-crisis%2Ffeud-in-Akindele/2e30363a435143c80ffe4142234eb3b80845091c Semantics Scholar]}}
== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>dknyu42h4kctgmgo7tqdr301dfbc9so</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893417</id>
      <parentid>893416</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:43:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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'''Zaben gwamna na Jihar Gombe na shekarar 1999'''ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 1999. Wanda aka zaɓa a [[All People's Party|APP]] [[Abubakar Habu Hashidu]] ya lashe zaɓen, inda ya kayar da dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Abubakar Habu Hashidu]] ya fito ne a matsayin dan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zabe ==
Ana zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Gombe|Gwamnan Jihar Gombe]] ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

== Zaben fidda gwani ==

=== APP na farko ===
[[Abubakar Habu Hashidu]] ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na APP . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,113,734. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kai 644,696, yayin da adadin kuri'un kirki ya kai 622,379. Kayan kuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 22,317.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election results |url=http://www.geocities.ws/ndlf/elec.html |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.geocities.ws}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election results|cand1=[[Abubakar Habu Hashidu]]|party1=[[All People's Party (Nigeria)|All People's Party]]|votes1=349284|cand2=|party2=[[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|People's Democratic Party]]|votes2=267043|invalid=22317|electorate=1113734|source=[https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html Nigeria World], [https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf IFES], [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Intra-and-inter-party-post-election-crisis%2Ffeud-in-Akindele/2e30363a435143c80ffe4142234eb3b80845091c Semantics Scholar]}}
== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>m30tevkonin0qacjh77nm9aiiz58dr0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893418</id>
      <parentid>893417</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:43:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893418</origin>
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      <text bytes="3187" sha1="tbhwly7o59g7hmip7hnf7yublahten5" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Zaben gwamna na Jihar Gombe na shekarar 1999'''ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 1999. Wanda aka zaɓa a [[All People's Party|APP]] [[Abubakar Habu Hashidu]] ya lashe zaɓen, inda ya kayar da dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Abubakar Habu Hashidu]] ya fito ne a matsayin ɗan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zabe ==
Ana zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Gombe|Gwamnan Jihar Gombe]] ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

== Zaɓen fidda gwani ==

=== APP na farko ===
[[Abubakar Habu Hashidu]] ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na APP . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,113,734. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kai 644,696, yayin da adadin kuri'un kirki ya kai 622,379. Kayan kuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 22,317.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election results |url=http://www.geocities.ws/ndlf/elec.html |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.geocities.ws}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election results|cand1=[[Abubakar Habu Hashidu]]|party1=[[All People's Party (Nigeria)|All People's Party]]|votes1=349284|cand2=|party2=[[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|People's Democratic Party]]|votes2=267043|invalid=22317|electorate=1113734|source=[https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html Nigeria World], [https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf IFES], [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Intra-and-inter-party-post-election-crisis%2Ffeud-in-Akindele/2e30363a435143c80ffe4142234eb3b80845091c Semantics Scholar]}}
== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>tbhwly7o59g7hmip7hnf7yublahten5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zaben gwamna na Jihar Imo na 1999</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>893426</id>
      <parentid>662102</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:45:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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{{Infobox election|election_name=1999 Imo State gubernatorial election|country=|flag_image=|type=presidential|ongoing=no|previous_election=1991 Imo State gubernatorial election|previous_year=1991|next_election=2003 Imo State gubernatorial election|next_year=2003|election_date=January 9, 1999|turnout=|nominee1=[[Achike Udenwa]]|running_mate1=|party1=People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|popular_vote1=388,680|percentage1=|nominee2=|running_mate2=|party2=All People's Party (Nigeria)|popular_vote2=379,491|percentage2=|map_image=|map_size=|map_caption=|title=[[List of governors of Imo State|Governor]]|before_election=[[Evan Enwerem]]|before_party=[[National Republican Convention|NRC]]|after_election=[[Achike Udenwa]]|after_party=People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}

{{Databox}}

'''Zaben gwamna na Jihar Imo na shekarar 1999''' ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 1999. Dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] [[Achike Udenwa]] ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da dan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Achike Udenwa]] ya fito ne a matsayin dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zabe ==
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Imo ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

== Zaben fidda gwani ==

=== PDP na farko ===
[[Achike Udenwa]] ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na PDP . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,627,939. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 799,248 yayin da adadin kuri'un inganci ya kasance 783,051. Kayan kuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 16,197.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election results |url=http://www.geocities.ws/ndlf/elec.html |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.geocities.ws}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election results|cand1=[[Achike Udenwa]]|party1=[[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|People's Democratic Party]]|votes1=388680|cand2=|party2=[[All People's Party (Nigeria)|All People's Party]]|votes2=379491|invalid=16197|electorate=1627939|source=[https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html Nigeria World], [https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf IFES], [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Intra-and-inter-party-post-election-crisis%2Ffeud-in-Akindele/2e30363a435143c80ffe4142234eb3b80845091c Semantics Scholar]}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>gvp6lwpuc5shyc0roa8aff268n38e5d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893427</id>
      <parentid>893426</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:46:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893427</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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{{Infobox election|election_name=1999 Imo State gubernatorial election|country=|flag_image=|type=presidential|ongoing=no|previous_election=1991 Imo State gubernatorial election|previous_year=1991|next_election=2003 Imo State gubernatorial election|next_year=2003|election_date=January 9, 1999|turnout=|nominee1=[[Achike Udenwa]]|running_mate1=|party1=People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|popular_vote1=388,680|percentage1=|nominee2=|running_mate2=|party2=All People's Party (Nigeria)|popular_vote2=379,491|percentage2=|map_image=|map_size=|map_caption=|title=[[List of governors of Imo State|Governor]]|before_election=[[Evan Enwerem]]|before_party=[[National Republican Convention|NRC]]|after_election=[[Achike Udenwa]]|after_party=People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}

{{Databox}}

'''Zaben gwamna na Jihar Imo na shekarar 1999''' ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairun shekarar 1999. Dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] [[Achike Udenwa]] ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da dan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Achike Udenwa]] ya fito ne a matsayin dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zabe ==
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Imo ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

== Zaben fidda gwani ==

=== PDP na farko ===
[[Achike Udenwa]] ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na PDP . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,627,939. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 799,248 yayin da adadin kuri'un inganci ya kasance 783,051. Kayan kuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 16,197.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election results |url=http://www.geocities.ws/ndlf/elec.html |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.geocities.ws}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election results|cand1=[[Achike Udenwa]]|party1=[[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|People's Democratic Party]]|votes1=388680|cand2=|party2=[[All People's Party (Nigeria)|All People's Party]]|votes2=379491|invalid=16197|electorate=1627939|source=[https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html Nigeria World], [https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf IFES], [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Intra-and-inter-party-post-election-crisis%2Ffeud-in-Akindele/2e30363a435143c80ffe4142234eb3b80845091c Semantics Scholar]}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>91nsrtwl9ru1hseowaajmxdb6c5p20m</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893428</id>
      <parentid>893427</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:46:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893428</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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{{Infobox election|election_name=1999 Imo State gubernatorial election|country=|flag_image=|type=presidential|ongoing=no|previous_election=1991 Imo State gubernatorial election|previous_year=1991|next_election=2003 Imo State gubernatorial election|next_year=2003|election_date=January 9, 1999|turnout=|nominee1=[[Achike Udenwa]]|running_mate1=|party1=People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|popular_vote1=388,680|percentage1=|nominee2=|running_mate2=|party2=All People's Party (Nigeria)|popular_vote2=379,491|percentage2=|map_image=|map_size=|map_caption=|title=[[List of governors of Imo State|Governor]]|before_election=[[Evan Enwerem]]|before_party=[[National Republican Convention|NRC]]|after_election=[[Achike Udenwa]]|after_party=People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}

{{Databox}}

'''Zaben gwamna na Jihar Imo na shekarar 1999''' ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairun shekarar 1999. Ɗan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] [[Achike Udenwa]] ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da dan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Achike Udenwa]] ya fito ne a matsayin dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zabe ==
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Imo ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

== Zaben fidda gwani ==

=== PDP na farko ===
[[Achike Udenwa]] ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na PDP . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,627,939. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 799,248 yayin da adadin kuri'un inganci ya kasance 783,051. Kayan kuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 16,197.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election results |url=http://www.geocities.ws/ndlf/elec.html |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.geocities.ws}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election results|cand1=[[Achike Udenwa]]|party1=[[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|People's Democratic Party]]|votes1=388680|cand2=|party2=[[All People's Party (Nigeria)|All People's Party]]|votes2=379491|invalid=16197|electorate=1627939|source=[https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html Nigeria World], [https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf IFES], [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Intra-and-inter-party-post-election-crisis%2Ffeud-in-Akindele/2e30363a435143c80ffe4142234eb3b80845091c Semantics Scholar]}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>2ji7z3wxu8xlvxb7vgyus41xe9gk30i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893429</id>
      <parentid>893428</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:46:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893429</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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{{Infobox election|election_name=1999 Imo State gubernatorial election|country=|flag_image=|type=presidential|ongoing=no|previous_election=1991 Imo State gubernatorial election|previous_year=1991|next_election=2003 Imo State gubernatorial election|next_year=2003|election_date=January 9, 1999|turnout=|nominee1=[[Achike Udenwa]]|running_mate1=|party1=People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|popular_vote1=388,680|percentage1=|nominee2=|running_mate2=|party2=All People's Party (Nigeria)|popular_vote2=379,491|percentage2=|map_image=|map_size=|map_caption=|title=[[List of governors of Imo State|Governor]]|before_election=[[Evan Enwerem]]|before_party=[[National Republican Convention|NRC]]|after_election=[[Achike Udenwa]]|after_party=People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}

{{Databox}}

'''Zaben gwamna na Jihar Imo na shekarar 1999''' ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairun shekarar 1999. Ɗan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] [[Achike Udenwa]] ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da dan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Achike Udenwa]] ya kuma fito ne a matsayin ɗan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zabe ==
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Imo ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

== Zaben fidda gwani ==

=== PDP na farko ===
[[Achike Udenwa]] ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na PDP . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,627,939. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 799,248 yayin da adadin kuri'un inganci ya kasance 783,051. Kayan kuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 16,197.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election results |url=http://www.geocities.ws/ndlf/elec.html |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.geocities.ws}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Election results|cand1=[[Achike Udenwa]]|party1=[[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|People's Democratic Party]]|votes1=388680|cand2=|party2=[[All People's Party (Nigeria)|All People's Party]]|votes2=379491|invalid=16197|electorate=1627939|source=[https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html Nigeria World], [https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf IFES], [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Intra-and-inter-party-post-election-crisis%2Ffeud-in-Akindele/2e30363a435143c80ffe4142234eb3b80845091c Semantics Scholar]}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>18ce93nsm1vogc5rvrsalndk3dt5em2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zaben gwamna na jihar Nasarawa na 1999</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>106091</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893371</id>
      <parentid>838736</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:27:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893371</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2582" sha1="n75s6u6rcnm75jdbgkpvbatq4dgn6xk" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Zaɓen gwamna na jihar Nasarawa na 1999''' ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairun shekarar 1999. Ɗan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] [[Abdullahi Adamu]] ya lashe zaɓen, inda ya kayar da ɗan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Abdullahi Adamu]] ya fito ne a matsayin dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zabe ==
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Nasarawa ta amfani da tsarin jefa ƙuri'a.

== Zaben fidda gwani ==

=== PDP na farko ===
[[Abdullahi Adamu]] ne ya lashe Zaɓen na fidda gwani na PDP . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa ƙuri'a a jihar ya kai 702,021. Adadin ƙuri'un da aka jefa ya kai 634,095 yayin da adadin kuri'un kirki ya kai 613,030. Kayan ƙuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 21,065.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election results |url=http://www.geocities.ws/ndlf/elec.html |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.geocities.ws}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>n75s6u6rcnm75jdbgkpvbatq4dgn6xk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zaben gwamna na Jihar Cross River na 1999</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>106302</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893388</id>
      <parentid>838727</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:34:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893388</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2575" sha1="61kkt0hqgamwl1t70eyrmeoby15q14n" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Zaɓen gwamna na Jihar Cross River na 1999''' ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairun shekarar 1999. Ɗan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] [[Donald Duke]] ya lashe zaɓen, inda ya kayar da dan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Donald Duke]] ya fito ne a matsayin dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana zaɓar Gwamnan Jihar Cross River ta amfani da tsarin jefa ƙuri'a.

== Zaɓen fidda gwani ==

=== PDP na farko ===
[[Donald Duke]] ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na PDP . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa ƙuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,091,930. Adadin ƙuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 1,006,387 yayin da adadin ƙuri'un inganci ya kasance 998,607. Kayan ƙuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 7,780. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election results |url=http://www.geocities.ws/ndlf/elec.html |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.geocities.ws}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>61kkt0hqgamwl1t70eyrmeoby15q14n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zaben gwamna na Jihar Ebonyi na 1999</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>106305</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893392</id>
      <parentid>838744</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:36:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893392</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2557" sha1="ew2580u11l5nbcf9ei2ycjyih3vkedu" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Zaɓen gwamna na Jihar Ebonyi na shekarar 1999''' ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairun shekarar 1999. Ɗan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] [[Sam Egwu]] ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke dan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Sam Egwu]] ya fito ne a matsayin ɗan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana zaɓar Gwamnan Jihar Ebonyi ta amfani da tsarin jefa ƙuri'a.

== Zaɓen fidda gwani ==

=== PDP na farko ===
[[Sam Egwu]] ne ya lashe Zaɓen fidda gwani na PDP . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa ƙuri'a a jihar ya kai 902,327. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 517,893, yayin da adadin ƙuri'un inganci ya kasance 505,862. Kayan ƙuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 12,031&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election results |url=http://www.geocities.ws/ndlf/elec.html |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.geocities.ws}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>ew2580u11l5nbcf9ei2ycjyih3vkedu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893393</id>
      <parentid>893392</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:36:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893393</origin>
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      <text bytes="2559" sha1="e9i5ynuqv17dhb8j84uqcps3kc3a7kw" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Zaɓen gwamna na Jihar Ebonyi na shekarar 1999''' ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairun shekarar 1999. Ɗan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] [[Sam Egwu]] ya lashe zaɓen, inda ya doke ɗan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Sam Egwu]] ya fito ne a matsayin ɗan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana zaɓar Gwamnan Jihar Ebonyi ta amfani da tsarin jefa ƙuri'a.

== Zaɓen fidda gwani ==

=== PDP na farko ===
[[Sam Egwu]] ne ya lashe Zaɓen fidda gwani na PDP . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa ƙuri'a a jihar ya kai 902,327. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 517,893, yayin da adadin ƙuri'un inganci ya kasance 505,862. Kayan ƙuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 12,031&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election results |url=http://www.geocities.ws/ndlf/elec.html |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.geocities.ws}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>e9i5ynuqv17dhb8j84uqcps3kc3a7kw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>1999 Zaben gwamna na jihar Enugu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>106308</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893404</id>
      <parentid>838723</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:39:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893404</origin>
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      <text bytes="2626" sha1="haatmhuhkru5akv7jicw29qeahnyhh9" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

Zaɓen gwamna na jihar Enugu na shekarar 1999 ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1999. Ɗan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] [[Chimaroke Ogbonnia|Chimaroke Nnamani]] ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da dan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Chimaroke Ogbonnia|Chimaroke Nnamani]] ya fito ne a matsayin dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana zaɓar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin jihar Enugu|Gwamnan Jihar Enugu]] ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

== Zaɓen fidda gwani ==
[[Chimaroke Ogbonnia|Chimaroke Nnamani]] ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na PDP.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa ƙuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,466,472. Adadin ƙuri'un da aka jefa ya kai 845,320, yayin da adadin k'ƙuri'un ƙirƙir ya kai 842,415. Kotu da aka ƙi sun kasance 3,005&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election results |url=http://www.geocities.ws/ndlf/elec.html |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.geocities.ws}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>haatmhuhkru5akv7jicw29qeahnyhh9</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zaben gwamna na Jihar Kogi na 1999</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>106311</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893412</id>
      <parentid>838740</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:41:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893412</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2586" sha1="enyfmxpgn9ixwvq6rrxva1n0d8efwhn" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Zaɓen gwamna na Jihar Kogi na 1999''' ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairun shekarar 1999. Wanda aka zaɓa a [[All People's Party|APP]] [[Abubakar Audu]] ya lashe zaɓen, inda ya kayar da ɗan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Abubakar Audu]] ya fito ne a matsayin ɗan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana zaɓar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kogi|Gwamnan Jihar Kogi]] ta amfani da tsarin jefa ƙuri'a.

== Zaɓen fidda gwani ==

=== APP na farko ===
[[Abubakar Audu]] ne ya lashe Zaɓen fidda gwani na APP . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa ƙuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,265,442. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 974,892 yayin da adadin ƙuri'un inganci ya kasance 961,206. Kayan ƙuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 13,686.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election results |url=http://www.geocities.ws/ndlf/elec.html |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.geocities.ws}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>enyfmxpgn9ixwvq6rrxva1n0d8efwhn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893413</id>
      <parentid>893412</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:41:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893413</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2587" sha1="jj33oaga4m17iti4bwjnlmouwitlthp" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Zaɓen gwamna na Jihar Kogi na 1999''' ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairun shekarar 1999. Wanda aka zaɓa a [[All People's Party|APP]] [[Abubakar Audu]] ya lashe zaɓen, inda ya kayar da ɗan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Abubakar Audu]] ya fito ne a matsayin ɗan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana zaɓar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Kogi|Gwamnan Jihar Kogi]] ta amfani da tsarin jefa ƙuri'a.

== Zaɓen fidda gwani ==

=== APP na farko ===
[[Abubakar Audu]] ne ya lashe Zaɓen fidda gwani na APP . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa ƙuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,265,442. Adadin ƙuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 974,892 yayin da adadin ƙuri'un inganci ya kasance 961,206. Kayan ƙuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 13,686.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election results |url=http://www.geocities.ws/ndlf/elec.html |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.geocities.ws}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zaɓen gwamnan jihar Kwara, 1999</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>106312</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893419</id>
      <parentid>686490</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:44:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893419</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1674" sha1="a699bg5k7ma60pdpvfubxhml2zwxa76" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

An gudanar da '''zaben gwamnan jihar Kwara a shekarar 1999''' a Najeriya ranar 9 ga watan Junairu, 1999. Dan takarar jam’iyyar APP Mohammed Lawal ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke dan takarar PDP.&lt;ref&gt;Nigeria in Transition: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy of the Committee on Banking and Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, May 25, 2000. U.S. Government Printing Office. 2000. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-16-061272-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999&quot;. www.africa.upenn.edu. Retrieved May 20, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999&quot;. nigeriaworld.com. Retrieved May 20, 2021&lt;/ref&gt;

Mohammed Lawal ya zama dan takarar APP.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;PDF&quot; (PDF). IFES. May 20, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved May 20, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana zaɓen gwamnan jihar Kwara ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kada kuri’a.

=== Zaben firamare ===

=== APP primary ===
Mohammed Lawal ne ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na APP.&lt;ref&gt;Tracker, Nigerian (March 22, 2021). &quot;How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion&quot;. Nigerian Tracker. Retrieved May 20, 2021&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamako ==
Adadin wadanda suka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 940,425. Adadin kuri'un da aka kada ya kai 585,468 yayin da yawan kuri'u masu inganci ya kai 567,568. kuri'un da aka ki amincewa sun kai 17,900.&lt;ref&gt;Maja-Pearce, Adewale; Organisation (Nigeria), Civil Liberties (1999). From Khaki to Agbada: A Handbook for the February, 1999 Elections in Nigeria. Civil Liberties Organisation. ISBN 978-978-32188-9-5&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>a699bg5k7ma60pdpvfubxhml2zwxa76</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893420</id>
      <parentid>893419</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:44:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893420</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1676" sha1="8lxmlpbkftjlhboi4kzy0rvbx74aw5y" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

An gudanar da '''zaben gwamnan jihar Kwara a shekarar 1999''' a Najeriya ranar 9 ga watan Junairu, 1999. Dan takarar jam’iyyar APP Mohammed Lawal ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke dan takarar PDP.&lt;ref&gt;Nigeria in Transition: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy of the Committee on Banking and Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, May 25, 2000. U.S. Government Printing Office. 2000. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-16-061272-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999&quot;. www.africa.upenn.edu. Retrieved May 20, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999&quot;. nigeriaworld.com. Retrieved May 20, 2021&lt;/ref&gt;

Mohammed Lawal ya zama dan takarar APP.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;PDF&quot; (PDF). IFES. May 20, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved May 20, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana zaɓen gwamnan jihar Kwara ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kada kuri’a.

=== Zaɓen firamare ===

=== APP primary ===
Mohammed Lawal ne ya lashe zaɓen fidda gwani na APP.&lt;ref&gt;Tracker, Nigerian (March 22, 2021). &quot;How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion&quot;. Nigerian Tracker. Retrieved May 20, 2021&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamako ==
Adadin wadanda suka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 940,425. Adadin kuri'un da aka kada ya kai 585,468 yayin da yawan kuri'u masu inganci ya kai 567,568. kuri'un da aka ki amincewa sun kai 17,900.&lt;ref&gt;Maja-Pearce, Adewale; Organisation (Nigeria), Civil Liberties (1999). From Khaki to Agbada: A Handbook for the February, 1999 Elections in Nigeria. Civil Liberties Organisation. ISBN 978-978-32188-9-5&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>8lxmlpbkftjlhboi4kzy0rvbx74aw5y</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893421</id>
      <parentid>893420</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:44:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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An gudanar da '''zaben gwamnan jihar Kwara a shekarar 1999''' a Najeriya ranar 9 ga watan Junairun shekarar 1999. Dan takarar jam’iyyar APP Mohammed Lawal ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke dan takarar PDP.&lt;ref&gt;Nigeria in Transition: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy of the Committee on Banking and Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, May 25, 2000. U.S. Government Printing Office. 2000. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-16-061272-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999&quot;. www.africa.upenn.edu. Retrieved May 20, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999&quot;. nigeriaworld.com. Retrieved May 20, 2021&lt;/ref&gt;

Mohammed Lawal ya zama dan takarar APP.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;PDF&quot; (PDF). IFES. May 20, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved May 20, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana zaɓen gwamnan jihar Kwara ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kada kuri’a.

=== Zaɓen firamare ===

=== APP primary ===
Mohammed Lawal ne ya lashe zaɓen fidda gwani na APP.&lt;ref&gt;Tracker, Nigerian (March 22, 2021). &quot;How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion&quot;. Nigerian Tracker. Retrieved May 20, 2021&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamako ==
Adadin wadanda suka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 940,425. Adadin kuri'un da aka kada ya kai 585,468 yayin da yawan kuri'u masu inganci ya kai 567,568. kuri'un da aka ki amincewa sun kai 17,900.&lt;ref&gt;Maja-Pearce, Adewale; Organisation (Nigeria), Civil Liberties (1999). From Khaki to Agbada: A Handbook for the February, 1999 Elections in Nigeria. Civil Liberties Organisation. ISBN 978-978-32188-9-5&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>9ea2m69ntmic5u1bimhpo3ef09mwb90</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zaben gwamna na jihar Ogun na 1999</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>106314</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893407</id>
      <parentid>838719</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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'''Zaben gwamna na jihar Ogun na 1999''' ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairun shekarar 1999. Dan takarar [[Alliance for Democracy (Nijeriya)|AD]] [[Olusegun Osoba]] ya lashe zaɓen inda ya kayar da dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Olusegun Osoba]] ya fito ne a matsayin dan takarar [[Alliance for Democracy (Nijeriya)|AD]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana zaɓar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ogun|Gwamnan Jihar Ogun]] ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

== Zaɓen fidda gwani ==

=== AD na farko ===
[[Olusegun Osoba]] ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na AD . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa ƙuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,592,502. Adadin ƙuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 403,260 yayin da adadin ƙuri'un inganci ya kasance 391,395. Kayan ƙuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 11,865.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election results |url=http://www.geocities.ws/ndlf/elec.html |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.geocities.ws}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>893409</id>
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        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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'''Zaben gwamna na jihar Ogun na 1999''' ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairun shekarar 1999. Dan takarar [[Alliance for Democracy (Nijeriya)|AD]] [[Olusegun Osoba]] ya lashe zaɓen inda ya kayar da dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Olusegun Osoba]] ya kuma fito ne a matsayin dan takarar [[Alliance for Democracy (Nijeriya)|AD]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana zaɓar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ogun|Gwamnan Jihar Ogun]] ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

== Zaɓen fidda gwani ==

=== AD na farko ===
[[Olusegun Osoba]] ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na AD . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa ƙuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,592,502. Adadin ƙuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 403,260 yayin da adadin ƙuri'un inganci ya kasance 391,395. Kayan ƙuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 11,865.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election results |url=http://www.geocities.ws/ndlf/elec.html |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.geocities.ws}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>9esytrvlzf61duffg0x38ll4as9m4bx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893410</id>
      <parentid>893409</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:40:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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'''Zaben gwamna na jihar Ogun na 1999''' ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairun shekarar 1999. Dan takarar [[Alliance for Democracy (Nijeriya)|AD]] [[Olusegun Osoba]] ya lashe zaɓen inda ya kayar da dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Olusegun Osoba]] ya kuma fito ne a matsayin dan takarar [[Alliance for Democracy (Nijeriya)|AD]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana zaɓar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ogun|Gwamnan Jihar Ogun]] ta amfani da tsarin jefa ƙuri'a.

== Zaɓen fidda gwani ==

=== AD na farko ===
[[Olusegun Osoba]] ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na AD . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa ƙuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,592,502. Adadin ƙuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 403,260 yayin da adadin ƙuri'un inganci ya kasance 391,395. Kayan ƙuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 11,865.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election results |url=http://www.geocities.ws/ndlf/elec.html |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.geocities.ws}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>cx0p9cbyvdgnt5224ff8dwicxu9jdto</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893411</id>
      <parentid>893410</parentid>
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        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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'''Zaben gwamna na jihar Ogun na 1999''' ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairun shekarar 1999. Dan takarar [[Alliance for Democracy (Nijeriya)|AD]] [[Olusegun Osoba]] ya lashe zaɓen inda ya kayar da dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Olusegun Osoba]] ya kuma fito ne a matsayin dan takarar [[Alliance for Democracy (Nijeriya)|AD]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana zaɓar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ogun|Gwamnan Jihar Ogun]] ta amfani da tsarin jefa ƙuri'a.

== Zaɓen fidda gwani ==

=== AD na farko ===
[[Olusegun Osoba]] ne ya lashe Zaɓen fidda gwani na AD . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa ƙuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,592,502. Adadin ƙuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 403,260 yayin da adadin ƙuri'un inganci ya kasance 391,395. Kayan ƙuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 11,865.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election results |url=http://www.geocities.ws/ndlf/elec.html |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.geocities.ws}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>qdu5cywvl29au8qg2m3pjz60os26373</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zaben gwamna na Jihar Osun na 1999</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>106380</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893385</id>
      <parentid>664746</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:32:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893385</origin>
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'''Zaɓen gwamna na Jihar Osun na 1999''' ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairun shekarar 1999. Dan takarar [[Alliance for Democracy (Nijeriya)|AD]] [[Adebisi Akande]] ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da dan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Alliance for Democracy (Nigeria)|AD]]_Akande Adebisi Akande ya fito ne a matsayin dan takarar AD.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zabe ==
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Osun ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

== Zaben fidda gwani ==

=== AD na farko ===
[[Adebisi Akande]] ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na AD . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,496,058. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 547,077, yayin da adadin kuri'un inganci ya kasance 536,252. Kayan kuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 10,825&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>893386</id>
      <parentid>893385</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:33:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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'''Zaɓen gwamna na Jihar Osun na 1999''' ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairun shekarar 1999. Dan takarar [[Alliance for Democracy (Nijeriya)|AD]] [[Adebisi Akande]] ya lashe zaɓen, inda ya kayar da dan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Alliance for Democracy (Nigeria)|AD]]_Akande Adebisi Akande ya fito ne a matsayin ɗan takarar AD.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zabe ==
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Osun ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

== Zaben fidda gwani ==

=== AD na farko ===
[[Adebisi Akande]] ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na AD . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,496,058. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 547,077, yayin da adadin kuri'un inganci ya kasance 536,252. Kayan kuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 10,825&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Zaɓen gwamna na Jihar Osun na 1999''' ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairun shekarar 1999. Dan takarar [[Alliance for Democracy (Nijeriya)|AD]] [[Adebisi Akande]] ya lashe zaɓen, inda ya kayar da dan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Alliance for Democracy (Nigeria)|AD]]_Akande Adebisi Akande ya fito ne a matsayin ɗan takarar AD.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Osun ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

== Zaɓen fidda gwani ==

=== AD na farko ===
[[Adebisi Akande]] ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na AD . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon ==
Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 1,496,058. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 547,077, yayin da adadin kuri'un inganci ya kasance 536,252. Kayan kuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 10,825&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sananne (software)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>893287</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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Sananne kayan aikin wanda kuma buɗaɗɗen tushe ne wanda aka tsara don samar da hanya mafi sauƙin buɗa sabuntawar matsayi, abubuwan bulogi, da hotuna zuwa sabis na kafofin watsa labarun da yawa.  Hakanan yana ba ku damar adana kwafin abubuwan da kuke bugawa da aikawa akan rukunin yanar gizonku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Finley |first=Klint |title=Out in the Open: A Blogging Tool That Lets You Actually Own What You Post on Facebook |url=https://www.wired.com/2014/09/known/ |access-date=20 March 2015 |website=Wired}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Known is available as installable open source software, similar to WordPress.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ingram |first=Mathew |title=IndieWeb advocates launch Known so bloggers can be social and still control their content |url=https://gigaom.com/2014/09/11/indieweb-advocates-launch-known-so-bloggers-can-be-social-and-still-control-their-content/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914054322/https://gigaom.com/2014/09/11/indieweb-advocates-launch-known-so-bloggers-can-be-social-and-still-control-their-content/ |archive-date=September 14, 2014 |access-date=20 March 2015 |website=GigaOm}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is a part of the IndieWeb movement,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Known |url=http://indiewebcamp.com/known |access-date=20 March 2015 |website=IndieWebCamp}}&lt;/ref&gt; and is used as a teaching tool in higher education.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Groom |first=Jim |title=Teaching Without WordPress: Exploring the Known World |url=http://bavatuesdays.com/teaching-without-wordpress-exploring-the-known-world/ |access-date=20 March 2015 |website=bavatuesdays}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mendelson |first=Aaron |title=Startups pitch their ventures at Matter Three demo day |url=http://www.knightfoundation.org/blogs/knightblog/2014/9/12/startups-pitch-projects-matter-three-demo-day/ |access-date=20 March 2015 |website=Knight Blog }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; It also supports multi-user use, and is sometimes considered as an intranet platform.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holtz |first=Shel |title=Will your intranet get Known? |url=http://www.intrateam.com/gb/blogpost/will-your-intranet-get-known |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402141156/http://www.intrateam.com/gb/blogpost/will-your-intranet-get-known |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=20 March 2015 |website=IntraTeam}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sanannen yana tallafawa W3C Recommendations Micropub  da Webmention  da sauransu.

An san shi tun daga 2019 ta hanyar Open Collective wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai tallafawa kasafin kudi tun daga ayyukan FLOSS da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Known - Open Collective |url=https://opencollective.com/known/updates |access-date=2021-11-22 |website=opencollective.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Open Source Collective - Open Collective |url=https://opencollective.com/opensource |access-date=2021-11-22 |website=opencollective.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://withknown.com/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma]</text>
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    <title>Zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na 1999</title>
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{{Databox}}

An gudanar da '''Zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na 1999''' a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairun shekarar 1999. Ɗan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] Peter Odili ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da dan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zabe ==
Ana zabar gwamnan Jihar Rivers ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

== Zaben fidda gwani ==
Peter Odili ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na PDP . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 2,207,000. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kai 747,296, adadin kuri'un masu inganci ya kai 1,580,807, kuma adadin kuri'u da aka ƙi ya kai 7,521 .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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{{Databox}}

An gudanar da '''Zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na shekarar 1999''' a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairun shekarar 1999. Ɗan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] Peter Odili ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da dan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zabe ==
Ana zabar gwamnan Jihar Rivers ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a.

== Zaben fidda gwani ==
Peter Odili ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na PDP . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 2,207,000. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kai 747,296, adadin kuri'un masu inganci ya kai 1,580,807, kuma adadin kuri'u da aka ƙi ya kai 7,521 .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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{{Databox}}

An gudanar da '''Zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na shekarar 1999''' a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairun shekarar 1999. Ɗan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] Peter Odili ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da dan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zabe ==
Ana zaɓar gwamnan Jihar Rivers ta amfani da tsarin jefa ƙuri'a.

== Zaben fidda gwani ==
Peter Odili ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na PDP . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 2,207,000. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kai 747,296, adadin kuri'un masu inganci ya kai 1,580,807, kuma adadin kuri'u da aka ƙi ya kai 7,521 .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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{{Databox}}

An gudanar da '''Zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na shekarar 1999''' a Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Janairun shekarar 1999. Ɗan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] Peter Odili ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da dan takarar [[All People's Party|APP]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=1999 governors: Where are they now? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/1999-governors-now/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Election Monitoring, 2,18 Feb 1999 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_21899.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tracker |first=Nigerian |date=2021-03-22 |title=How First Set Of 1999 Governors Went To Political Oblivion |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/03/22/how-first-set-of-1999-governors-went-to-political-oblivion/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Nigerian Tracker |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana zaɓar gwamnan Jihar Rivers ta amfani da tsarin jefa ƙuri'a.

== Zaɓen fidda gwani ==
Peter Odili ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na PDP . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220162904/https://www.eisa.org/pdf/JAE8.1Egwu.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=EISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=PDF |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203164238/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/r01781.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=IFES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adadin masu jefa kuri'a a jihar ya kai 2,207,000. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kai 747,296, adadin kuri'un masu inganci ya kai 1,580,807, kuma adadin kuri'u da aka ƙi ya kai 7,521 .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN STATE ELECTED GOVERNORS - 1999 |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/focus/states/governors1999.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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{| class=&quot;sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks&quot;
! class=&quot;sidebar-title&quot; |[[:en:Youth_rights|Youth rights]]
|-
| class=&quot;sidebar-content&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-title&quot; style=&quot;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)&quot;&gt;Activities&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist&quot; style=&quot;padding-top:0;&quot;&gt;
* ''[[:en:Bailey_v._Drexel_Furniture_Co.|Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.]]''
* [[:en:Child_Labor_Deterrence_Act|Child Labor Deterrence Act]]
* [[:en:Children's_Online_Privacy_Protection_Act|Children's Online Privacy Protection Act]]
* [[:en:Kids_Online_Safety_Act|Kids Online Safety Act]]
* [[:en:Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child|Convention on the Rights of the Child]]
* [[:en:Fair_Labor_Standards_Act|Fair Labor Standards Act]]
* ''[[:en:Hammer_v._Dagenhart|Hammer v. Dagenhart]]''
* [[:en:History_of_youth_rights_in_the_United_States|History of youth rights in the United States]]
* ''[[:en:Morse_v._Frederick|Morse v. Frederick]]''
* [[:en:Newsboys'_strike_of_1899|Newsboys' strike of 1899]]
* ''[[:en:Prez_(comics)|Prez]]''
* [[:en:Quebec_Charter_of_Human_Rights_and_Freedoms|Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms]]
* ''[[:en:Wild_in_the_Streets|Wild in the Streets]]''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;sidebar-content&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-title&quot; style=&quot;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)&quot;&gt;Theory / concepts&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist&quot; style=&quot;padding-top:0;&quot;&gt;
* [[:en:Adultcentrism|Adultcentrism]]
* [[:en:Adultism|Adultism]]
* [[:en:Ageism|Ageism]]
* [[:en:Criminalization|Criminalization]]
* [[:en:Democracy|Democracy]]
* [[:en:Ephebiphobia|Ephebiphobia]]
* [[:en:Fear_of_children|Fear of children]]
* [[:en:Free-range_parenting|Free-range parenting]]
* [[:en:Intergenerational_equity|Intergenerational equity]]
** [[:en:Future_generations|Future generations]]
* [[:en:Paternalism|Paternalism]]
* [[:en:Social_class|Social class]]
* [[:en:Suffrage|Suffrage]]
* [[:en:Taking_Children_Seriously|Taking Children Seriously]]
* [[:en:Universal_suffrage|Universal suffrage]]
* [[:en:Unschooling|Unschooling]]
* [[:en:Youth_activism|Youth activism]]
* [[:en:Youth_detention_center|Youth detention center]]
* [[:en:Youth_empowerment|Youth empowerment]]
* [[:en:Youth_exclusion|Youth exclusion]]
* [[:en:Youth_suffrage|Youth suffrage]]
* [[:en:Youth_voice|Youth voice]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;sidebar-content&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-title&quot; style=&quot;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)&quot;&gt;Issues&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist&quot; style=&quot;padding-top:0;&quot;&gt;
* [[:en:Adolescent_sexuality|Adolescent sexuality]]
* [[:en:Age_of_candidacy|Age of candidacy]]
* [[:en:Age_of_consent|Age of consent]]
* [[:en:Age-of-consent_reform|Age-of-consent reform]]
* [[:en:Age_of_majority|Age of majority]]
* [[:en:Age_of_marriage|Age of marriage]]
* [[:en:Behavior_modification_facility|Behavior modification facility]]
* [[:en:Child_labour|Child labour]]
* [[:en:Children_in_the_military|Children in the military]]
* [[:en:Child_marriage|Child marriage]]
* [[:en:Compulsory_education|Compulsory education]]
* [[:en:Conscription|Conscription]]
* [[:en:Corporal_punishment|Corporal punishment]]
** [[:en:Corporal_punishment_in_the_home|at home]]
** [[:en:Corporal_punishment_in_schools|at school]]
** [[:en:Child_corporal_punishment_laws|in law]]
* [[:en:Curfew|Curfew]]
* [[:en:Child_abuse|Child abuse]]
* [[:en:Emancipation_of_minors|Emancipation of minors]]
* [[:en:Gambling_age|Gambling age]]
* [[:en:Human_rights_and_youth_sport|Human rights and youth sport]]
* [[:en:In_loco_parentis|In loco parentis]]
* [[:en:Juvenile_delinquency|Juvenile delinquency]]
* [[:en:Juvenile_court|Juvenile court]]
* [[:en:Juvenile_law|Juvenile law]]
* [[:en:Legal_drinking_age|Legal drinking age]] ([[:en:U.S._history_of_alcohol_minimum_purchase_age_by_state|U.S. history]])
* [[:en:Legal_working_age|Legal working age]]
* [[:en:List_of_minimum_driving_ages|Minimum driving age]]
* [[:en:Marriageable_age|Marriageable age]]
* [[:en:Minor_(law)|Minor (law)]]
* [[:en:Minors_and_abortion|Minors and abortion]]
* [[:en:Restavec|Restavec]]
* [[:en:School_leaving_age|School leaving age]]
* [[:en:Smoking_age|Smoking age]] ([[:en:U.S._history_of_tobacco_minimum_purchase_age_by_state|U.S. history]])
* [[:en:Status_offense|Status offense]]
* [[:en:Alcohol_consumption_by_youth_in_the_United_States|Underage drinking in the US]]
* [[:en:Voting_age|Voting age]]
* [[:en:Youth-adult_partnership|Youth-adult partnership]]
* [[:en:Youth_participation|Youth participation]]
* [[:en:Youth_politics|Youth politics]]
* [[:en:Youth_unemployment|Youth unemployment]]
* [[:en:Youth_vote_in_the_United_States|Youth voting]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;sidebar-content&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-title&quot; style=&quot;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)&quot;&gt;Organizations&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist&quot; style=&quot;padding-top:0;&quot;&gt;
* [[:en:United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child|United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child]]
* [[:en:Akt_(charity)|Akt]]
* Americans for a Society Free from Age Restrictions
* [[:en:Canadian_Youth_for_Choice|Canadian Youth for Choice]]
* [[:en:Commission_des_droits_de_la_personne_et_des_droits_de_la_jeunesse|Human Rights and Youth Rights Commission]]
* [[:en:Common_Cents|Common Cents]]
* [[:en:Community_Alliance_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Youth|Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth]]
* [[:en:DoSomething|DoSomething]]
* [[:en:Future_Coalition|Future Coalition]]
* [[:en:Global_Youth_Action_Network|Global Youth Action Network]]
* [[:en:High_School_Democrats_of_America|High School Democrats of America]]
* [[:en:Indian_Youth_Climate_Network|Indian Youth Climate Network]]
* [[:en:International_Falcon_Movement_–_Socialist_Educational_International|International Falcon Movement – Socialist Educational International]]
* [[:en:Mermaids_(charity)|Mermaids]]
* [[:en:National_Union_of_Students_LGBT+_Campaign|National Union of Students LGBT+ Campaign]]
* [[:en:National_Youth_Rights_Association|National Youth Rights Association]]
* [[:en:One_World_Youth_Project|One World Youth Project]]
* [[:en:Queer_Youth_Network|Queer Youth Network]]
* [[:en:Students_for_a_Democratic_Society|Students for a Democratic Society]]
* [[:en:Freechild_Project|Freechild Project]]
* [[:en:Three_O'Clock_Lobby|Three O'Clock Lobby]]
* [[:en:UK_Youth_Parliament|UK Youth Parliament]]
* [[:en:Youth_International_Party|Youth International Party]]
* [[:en:Youth_Liberation_of_Ann_Arbor|Youth Liberation of Ann Arbor]]
* [[:en:The_Youth_Cafe|The Youth Cafe]]
* [[:en:Young_Communist_League_of_Canada|Young Communist League of Canada]]
* [[:en:Young_Democrats_of_America|Young Democrats of America]]
* [[:en:World_Federation_of_Democratic_Youth|World Federation of Democratic Youth]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;sidebar-content&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-title&quot; style=&quot;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)&quot;&gt;People&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist&quot; style=&quot;padding-top:0;&quot;&gt;
* [[:en:Adam_Fletcher_(activist)|Fletcher]]
* [[:en:David_J._Hanson|Hanson]]
* [[:en:David_Joseph_Henry|Henry]]
* [[:en:John_Holt_(educator)|Holt]]
* [[:en:Alex_Koroknay-Palicz|Koroknay-Palicz]]
* [[:en:Lyn_Duff|Duff]]
* [[:en:Mike_A._Males|Males]]
* [[:en:Neil_Postman|Postman]]
* [[:en:Sonia_Yaco|Yaco]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;sidebar-content&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-title&quot; style=&quot;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)&quot;&gt;Related&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist&quot; style=&quot;padding-top:0;&quot;&gt;
* [[:en:Ages_of_consent_in_Asia|Ages of consent in Asia]]
* [[:en:Ages_of_consent_in_Europe|Ages of consent in Europe]]
* [[:en:Ages_of_consent_in_North_America|Ages of consent in North America]]
* [[:en:Ages_of_consent_in_Oceania|Ages of consent in Oceania]]
* [[:en:Ages_of_consent_in_South_America|Ages of consent in South America]]
* [[:en:Ages_of_consent_in_the_United_States|Ages of consent in the United States]]
* [[:en:Animal_rights|Animal rights]]
* [[:en:Anti-racism|Anti-racism]]
* [[:en:Direct_democracy|Direct democracy]]
* [[:en:Egalitarianism|Egalitarianism]]
* [[:en:Feminism|Feminism]]
* [[:en:French_petitions_against_age-of-consent_laws|French petitions against age-of-consent laws]]
* [[:en:Legal_status_of_tattooing_in_European_countries|Legal status of tattooing in European countries]]
* [[:en:Legal_status_of_tattooing_in_the_United_States|Legal status of tattooing in the United States]]
* [[:en:Libertarianism|Libertarianism]]
* [[:en:Student_rights|Students' rights]]
* [[:en:Youth_Olympic_Games|Youth Olympic Games]]
* [[:en:Youth_sports|Youth sports]]
* [[:en:Youth_wing|Youth wing]]
* [[:en:Liberation_theology|Liberation theology]]
* [[:en:Communism|Communism]]
* [[:en:Socialism|Socialism]]
* [[:en:Marxism|Marxism]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;sidebar-below plainlist&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;hlist&quot;&gt;
* [[File:HumanRightsLogo.svg|link=|alt=|27x27px]] [[:en:Category:Youth_rights|Youth rights]]
* &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;[[File:Social_sciences.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg|alt=icon|class=skin-invert-image noviewer|32x32px]] &lt;/span&gt;[[:en:Portal:Society|Society&amp;#x20;portal]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
Shekarun tsayawa takara ita ce mafi ƙarancin shekarun da mutum zai iya riƙe wasu zaɓaɓɓun ofisoshin gwamnati bisa doka. A lokuta da dama, hakan yana nuna shekarun da mutum zai iya tsayawa takara ko kuma a ba shi damar kada kuri'a. 

== Ka'idojin kasa da kasa ==
Ma'aunin zaɓe na ƙasa da ƙasa waɗanda aka ayyana a cikin Dokar Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Jama'a ta Duniya, suna ba da damar taƙaita tsayawa takara bisa ga shekaru. Fassarar Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa don 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa da Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya bayar a cikin Janar Comment 25 ya ce &quot;Duk wani sharuɗɗan da suka shafi yin amfani da haƙƙin da aka kiyaye a cikin labarin 25 (na ICCPR) ya kamata a dogara ne akan haƙiƙa da ma'auni masu ma'ana. Alal misali, yana iya zama mai ma'ana don buƙatar shekaru mafi girma don zaɓe ko naɗi zuwa wasu ofisoshin fiye da yin amfani da haƙƙin da ya dace da kowane ɗan ƙasa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 August 1996 |title=General Comment Adopted by the Human Rights Committee Under Article 40, Paragraph 4, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |url=http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2fPPRiCAqhKb7yhsjYoiCfMKoIRv2FVaVzRkMjTnjRO%2bfud3cPVrcM9YR0iue72QY8oFMq1RR28eUM15L6J1AOT2xcs2D4FgEfOt2liQW2PD1ZsA%2b80ZwK8QWtFzkUhNMfDhFSjgtoCvezhWA%3d%3d |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030183241/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsjYoiCfMKoIRv2FVaVzRkMjTnjRO%2Bfud3cPVrcM9YR0iue72QY8oFMq1RR28eUM15L6J1AOT2xcs2D4FgEfOt2liQW2PD1ZsA%2B80ZwK8QWtFzkUhNMfDhFSjgtoCvezhWA%3D%3D |archive-date=Oct 30, 2023 |website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwatanta ==
[[Fayil:Lower_House_Candidacy_Age_-_Global.svg|thumb|500x500px|Mafi ƙarancin shekaru don zama dan takara ga ƙananan gida ta ƙasa. 
  

  ≥30
  25–29
  21–24 

  20
  18
  ≤17 

Babu bayanai Babu majalisar dokoki 

 ]]

== Tarihi ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Country
! data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; |President
! data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; |Vice President
! data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; |Prime Minister
! data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; |Upper house
! data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; |Lower house
!References
|-
|{{flag|Albania}}
|40
|
|18
| -
|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=11 June 2014 |title=Albania - Definition of Youth |url=https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/albania/ |access-date=16 December 2021 |website=Youthpolicy.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ALBANIA - Kuvendi (Parliament) |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2001_B.htm |access-date=16 December 2021 |website=Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Albania 1998 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Albania_2016 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Algeria}}
|40
|
|
|40
|28
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Algeria 2020 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Algeria_2020 |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Factsheets {{!}} Youthpolicy.org |url=https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/ |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=www.youthpolicy.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Andorra}}
|18
|
|18
| -
|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=21 April 2014 |title=Andorra - Definition of Youth |url=https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/andorra/ |access-date=22 October 2023 |website=Youthpolicy.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ANDORRA |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2005_C.htm |access-date=22 October 2023 |website=Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Angola}}
|35
|
| -
| -
|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Angola 2010 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Angola_2010?lang=en |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|30
|30
| -
|30
|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=22 September 2014 |title=Argentina - Definition of Youth |url=https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/argentina/ |access-date=16 December 2021 |website=Youthpolicy.org |archive-date=27 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827172439/https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/argentina/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ARGENTINA - Cámara de Diputados (Chamber of Deputies) |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2011_B.htm |access-date=16 December 2021 |website=Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ARGENTINA - Senado (Senate) |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2012_B.htm |access-date=16 December 2021 |website=Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Argentina 1853 (reinst. 1983, rev. 1994) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Argentina_1994 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Armenia}}
|40
| -
|25
| -
|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Assembly of Armenia {{!}} Official Web Site {{!}} parliament.am |url=http://www.parliament.am/parliament.php?id=constitution&amp;lang=eng |access-date=15 May 2018 |website=www.parliament.am}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election Code of Armenia |url=http://www.parliament.am/legislation.php?sel=show&amp;ID=5479&amp;lang=arm&amp;enc=utf8 |language=hy}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Australia}}
| -
| -
|18
|18
|18
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Austria}}
|35
| -
|18
|18
|18
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929125342/http://www.parlinkom.gv.at/pls/portal/docs/page/PG/DE/XXIII/I/I_00129/FNAMEORIG_079516.HTML 31/BNR (XXIII. GP) Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz], ss. 2 and 6, Republik Österreich Parlament (German).  Retrieved on 1 July 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Austria 1920 (reinst. 1945, rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Austria_2013 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Azerbaijan}}
|
|18
|18
| -
|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Azerbaijan 1995 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Azerbaijan_2016 |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Bahamas}}
| -
| -
|21
|30
|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bahamas (The) 1973 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bahamas_1973 |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Bahrain}}
| -
| -
|30
|35
|30
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bahrain 2002 (rev. 2017) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bahrain_2017 |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|35
| -
|25
| -
|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=11 June 2014 |title=Bangladesh - Definition of Youth |url=https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/bangladesh/ |access-date=16 December 2021 |website=Youthpolicy.org |archive-date=28 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828082959/https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/bangladesh/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=BANGLADESH - Jatiya Sangsad (Parliament) |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2023_B.htm |access-date=16 December 2021 |website=Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bangladesh 1972 (reinst. 1986, rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bangladesh_2014 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Barbados 1966 (rev. 2007) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Barbados_2007 |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Belarus 1994 (rev. 2004) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Belarus_2004 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.senate.be/doc/const_nl.html Grondwet van België] Articles 64 &amp; 69.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Belgium 1831 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Belgium_2014 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[http://www.belizelaw.org/web/lawadmin/ Laws of Belize] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613182223/http://www.belizelaw.org/web/lawadmin/ |date=2023-06-13 }}, Volume II, Title VIII, Chapter 88, Part III. &quot;Any person shall be eligible to be elected as a member of a council who: is a citizen of Belize; and has ordinarily resided in the village for at least one year immediately preceding the election; and is at least eighteen years old.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Benin 1990 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Benin_1990 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bhutan 2008 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bhutan_2008 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Bolivia}}
|30
|30
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|18
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 2009 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bolivia_2009 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|30
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Botswana 1966 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Botswana_2016 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Brazil}}
|35
|35
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|35
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|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicao.htm Brazilian Constitution (in Portuguese)]&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Bulgaria}}
|21
|21
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bulgaria 1991 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bulgaria_2015 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Burkina Faso}}
|35&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;Incumbent Ibrahim Traoré was 34 years old when he became president through a [[September 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état|military coup]].&lt;/ref&gt;
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Burkina Faso 1991 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Burkina_Faso_2015 |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Burundi}}
|40
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|35
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Burundi 2018 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Burundi_2018 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Cabo Verde}}
|35
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cape Verde 1980 (rev. 1992) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Cape_Verde_1992 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
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|40
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|{{Flag|Cameroon}}
|35
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cameroon 1972 (rev. 2008) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Cameroon_2008 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
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|{{flag|Canada}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Canada 1867 (rev. 2011) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Canada_2011 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Central African Republic}}
|35
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|&lt;ref name=&quot;CARConstitution&quot;&gt;[https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Central_African_Republic_2016.pdf?lang=en Central African Republic's Constitution of 2016], William S. Hein &amp; Co., English translation, translated by Maria del Carmen Gress, 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Chile}}
|35
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|35
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|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Ley Chile - Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional |url=http://www.leychile.cl/ |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=leychile.cl}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|China}}
|45
|45
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|&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Colombia}}
|30
|30
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=28 April 2014 |title=Colombia - Definition of Youth |url=https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/colombia/ |access-date=3 January 2022 |website=youthpolicy.org |archive-date=28 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828220423/https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/colombia/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Colombia 1991 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Colombia_2015 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|35
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Comoros 2018 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Comoros_2018 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
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|{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|30
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 2005 (rev. 2011) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_2011 |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Republic of the Congo}}
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|&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
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|{{Flag|Costa Rica}}
|30
|30
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|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Costa Rica 1949 (rev. 2020) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Costa_Rica_2020 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}}
|35
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Côte d'Ivoire 2016 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Cote_DIvoire_2016 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
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|{{flag|Croatia}}
|18
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|18
|&lt;ref&gt;[https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/44055 The Law on the Election of the President of the Republic of Croatia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620001115/https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/44055 |date=2022-06-20 }}. Retrieved 7 January 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.ipu.org/parline/reports/2077_B.htm CROATIA Hrvatski Sabor (Croatian Parliament)]. ''INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION''. Retrieved 7 January 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.expatincroatia.com/voting-in-croatia/ Voting in Croatia]. ''Expat in Croatia''. Retrieved 7 January 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Cuba}}
|35
|35
|35
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|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cuba 2019 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Cuba_2019 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Cyprus}}
|35
|35 ([[:en:Cyprus_problem|indefinitely vacant]])
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|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cyprus 1960 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Cyprus_2013 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Czech Republic}}
|40
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|40
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|&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Průvodce Poslaneckou sněmovnou |url=https://www.psp.cz/docs/guide/ |website=www.psp.cz}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Denmark}}
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|18
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|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Denmark 1953 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Denmark_1953 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Djibouti}}
|40
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|23
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Djibouti 1992 (rev. 2010) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Djibouti_2010 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Dominica}}
|40
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|21
|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dominica 1978 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Dominica_2014 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Dominican Republic}}
|30
|30
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|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dominican Republic 2015 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Dominican_Republic_2015 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|East Timor}}
|35
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Youth Policy |url=https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/ |website=youthpolicy.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Timor-Leste 2002 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/East_Timor_2002 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Ecuador}}
|30
|30
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|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ecuador 2008 (rev. 2021) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Ecuador_2021 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Egypt}}
|40
|40
|35
|35
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=19 October 2014 |title=Egypt - Definition of Youth |url=https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/egypt/ |access-date=3 January 2022 |website=youthpolicy.org |archive-date=28 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828094721/https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/egypt/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egypt 2014 (rev. 2019) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Egypt_2019 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|El Salvador}}
|30
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=El Salvador 1983 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/El_Salvador_2014 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|40
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|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Equatorial Guinea 1991 (rev. 2012) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Equatorial_Guinea_2012 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
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|{{flag|Estonia}}
|40
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|21
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Constitution of the Republic of Estonia |url=http://www.president.ee/en/estonia/constitution.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413062925/http://www.president.ee/en/estonia/constitution.php |archive-date=13 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
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|21
|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=24 October 2014 |title=Ethiopia - Definition of Youth |url=https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/ethiopia/ |access-date=3 January 2022 |website=youthpolicy.org |archive-date=27 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827171147/https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/ethiopia/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Fiji}}
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|18
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|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fiji 2013 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Fiji_2013 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Finland}}
|18
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|18
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|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=24 October 2014 |title=Finland |url=http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/finland/ |access-date=25 April 2019 |website=Youthpolicy.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Elections and voting in Finland |url=https://www.infofinland.fi/en/information-about-finland/finnish-society/elections-in-finland |access-date=25 April 2019 |website=infoFinland.fi |archive-date=15 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215022108/https://www.infofinland.fi/en/information-about-finland/finnish-society/elections-in-finland |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Reidy |first=Theresa |date=5 February 2015 |title=Yes: Why we should vote in favour of lowering the age of candidates eligible to become President |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/yes-why-we-should-vote-in-favour-of-lowering-the-age-of-candidates-eligible-to-become-president-1.2091000 |access-date=25 April 2019 |newspaper=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|France}}
|18
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|18
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
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|{{Flag|Gambia}}
|30
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|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gambia (The) 1996 (rev. 2018) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Gambia_2018 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Georgia}}
|40
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|18
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|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Georgia 1995 (rev. 2018) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Georgia_2018 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Germany}}
|40
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|18
|18
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;[https://www.uni-marburg.de/administration/recht/wahlrecht/landtagswahlgesetz Landtagswahlgesetz - LWG] I. Allgemeines - § 4 Wählbarkeit. Retrieved 24 December 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Ghana}}
|40
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|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana 1992 (rev. 1996) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Ghana_1996 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Greece}}
|40
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|25
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|25
|&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/greece/ Greece]. ''Youthpolicy.org''. Retrieved 6 January 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.ipu.org&quot;&gt;[http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2125_B.htm GREECE Vouli Ton Ellinon (Hellenic Parliament)]. ''INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION''. Retrieved 6 January 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Greece 1975 (rev. 2008) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Greece_2008 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Grenada}}
| -
| -
|18
|18
|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Grenada 1973 (reinst. 1991, rev. 1992) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Grenada_1992 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Guatemala}}
|40
|40
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|18
|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guatemala 1985 (rev. 1993) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Guatemala_1993 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Guinea-Bissau}}
|35
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|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guinea-Bissau 1984 (rev. 1996) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Guinea_Bissau_1996 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
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|{{Flag|Guyana}}
|18
|18
|18
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|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guyana 1980 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Guyana_2016 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Hong Kong}}
| -
| -
| -
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|21
|{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}
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|{{Flag|Honduras}}
|30
|30
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|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Honduras 1982 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Honduras_2013 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Hungary}}
|35
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|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=24 October 2014 |title=Hungary - Definition of Youth |url=https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/hungary/ |access-date=16 December 2021 |website=Youthpolicy.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=HUNGARY - Orszaggyules (National Assembly) |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2141_B.htm |access-date=16 December 2021 |website=Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Iceland}}
|35
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|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iceland 1944 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Iceland_2013 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|India}}
|35
|35
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|30
|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=India 1949 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/India_2016 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|40 or has or is currently holding a position elected through general elections, including regional head elections
|40 or has or is currently holding a position elected through general elections, including regional head elections
| -
|21
|21
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|{{flag|Iran}}
|21
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| -
|26
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Piven |first=Ben |author2=Ben Willers |date=11 June 2013 |title=Infographic: Choosing Iran's next president |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/interactive/2013/06/2013611135620419515.html |access-date=12 June 2013 |work=Al Jazeera English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Iraq}}
|40
|
|35
|([[:en:Council_of_Representatives_of_Iraq#The_Constitution_of_2005|never established]])
|28
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;Constitution of Iraq, Article 68&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;Constitution of Iraq, Article 77&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;Iraqi Election Law 2019, Article 8(1)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Ireland}}
|35
| -
|
|30
|21
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;Constitution of Ireland [http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/en/constitution/index.html#article12_4_1 Article 12.4.1°] (President) [http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/en/constitution/index.html#article16_1_1 Article 16.1.1°] ([[Dáil Éireann]]), [http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/en/constitution/index.html#article18_2 Article 18.2] ([[Seanad Éireann]])&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;citizensinformationie&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Children and rights in Ireland |url=http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/birth_family_relationships/children_s_rights_and_policy/children_and_rights_in_ireland.html |access-date=8 May 2015 |page=Elections}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=European Parliament Elections Act, 1997, Section 11 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1997/en/act/pub/0002/sec0011.html |access-date=8 May 2015 |work=[[Irish Statute Book]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Electoral (Amendment) Act, 1973, Section 4 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1973/en/act/pub/0003/sec0004.html |access-date=8 May 2015 |work=[[Irish Statute Book]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;Constitution of the Irish Free State, Article 31; {{cite web |title=Constitution (Amendment No. 8) Act, 1928, Section 1 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1928/en/act/pub/0027/sec0001.html |access-date=8 May 2015 |work=[[Irish Statute Book]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Israel}}
|
| -
|30
| -
|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Israel 1958 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Israel_2013 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Italy}}
|50
| -
|
|40
|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Italy 1947 (rev. 2020) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Italy_2020 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Jamaica}}
| -
| -
|21
|21
|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jamaica 1962 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Jamaica_2015 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Japan}}
| -
| -
|30
|30
|25
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=公職選挙法 |url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S25/S25HO100.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729161838/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S25/S25HO100.html |archive-date=29 July 2016 |access-date=26 April 2016 |publisher=[[Ministry of Justice (Japan)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Japan 1946 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Japan_1946 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Jordan}}
| -
| -
|40
|40
|30
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jordan 1952 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Jordan_2016 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Kazakhstan}}
|40
| -
|
|30
|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan 1995 (rev. 2017) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Kazakhstan_2017 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Kenya}}
|18
|18
| -
|18
|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=28 April 2014 |title=Kenya - Definition of Youth |url=https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/kenya/ |access-date=3 January 2022 |website=youthpolicy.org |archive-date=28 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828235200/https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/kenya/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kenya 2010 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Kenya_2010 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Kiribati}}
|21
|
| -
| -
|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kiribati 1979 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Kiribati_2013 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Kuwait}}
| -
| -
|30
| -
|30
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kuwait 1962 (reinst. 1992) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Kuwait_1992 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|35
| -
|21
| -
|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kyrgyzstan 2010 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Kyrgyz_Republic_2016 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Kosovo}}
|18
|18
|18
| -
|18
|&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/kosovo/ Kosovo]. ''Youthpolicy.org''. Retrieved 25 November 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Laos}}
|20
|20
|20
| -
|20
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lao People's Democratic Republic 1991 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Laos_2015 |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Latvia}}
|40
| -
|
| -
|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Latvia 1922 (reinst. 1991, rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Latvia_2016 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Lesotho}}
| -
| -
|18
|21
|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lesotho 1993 (rev. 2018) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Lesotho_2018 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Liberia}}
|35
|
| -
|30
|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Liberia 1986 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Liberia_1986 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Lithuania}}
|40
| -
|
| -
|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lithuania 1992 (rev. 2019) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Lithuania_2019 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Luxembourg}}
| -
| -
|
| -
|18
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Luxembourg&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Luxembourg |url=http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/luxembourg/ |access-date=5 April 2019 |website=Youthpolicy.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Madagascar}}
|35
| -
|
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Madagascar 2010 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Madagascar_2010 |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Malawi}}
|35
|35
| -
|([[:en:National_Assembly_(Malawi)|never established]])
|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Malawi 1994 (rev. 2017) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Malawi_2017 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
| -
| -
|21
|30
|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Malaysia 1957 (rev. 2007) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Malaysia_2007 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Maldives}}
|35
|35
| -
| -
|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maldives 2008 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Maldives_2008 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Malta}}
|
|
|
| -
|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=12 October 2014 |title=Malta - Definition of Youth |url=https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/malta/ |access-date=16 December 2021 |website=Youthpolicy.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=MALTA - Il-Kamra Tad-Deputati (House of Representatives) |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2203_B.htm |access-date=16 December 2021 |website=Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Marshall Islands}}
|21
| -
| -
| -
|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marshall Islands 1979 (rev. 1995) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Marshall_Islands_1995 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Mauritania}}
|40
| -
|
|35
|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mauritania 1991 (rev. 2012) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mauritania_2012 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Mauritius}}
|40
|40
|18
| -
|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mauritius 1968 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mauritius_2016 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|35
| -
| -
|25
|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mexico 1917 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mexico_2015 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Micronesia}}
|30
|30
| -
| -
|30
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Micronesia (Federated States of) 1978 (rev. 1990) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Micronesia_1990 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Moldova}}
|40
|
|
| -
|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Moldova (Republic of) 1994 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Moldova_2016 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Mongolia}}
|45
| -
|
| -
|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mongolia 1992 (rev. 2001) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mongolia_2001 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Montenegro}}
|18
| -
|18
| -
|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Montenegro 2007 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Montenegro_2013 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Mozambique}}
|35
| -
|
| -
|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mozambique 2004 (rev. 2007) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mozambique_2007 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Myanmar}}
|45
|
|
|30 ([[:en:Myanmar_civil_war_(2021–present)|dissolved]])
|25 (dissolved)
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=24 October 2014 |title=Myanmar - Definition of Youth |url=https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/myanmar/ |access-date=3 January 2022 |website=youthpolicy.org |archive-date=28 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828075546/https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/myanmar/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Myanmar 2008 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Myanmar_2015 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Namibia}}
|35
|35
|21
|21
|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Namibia 1990 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Namibia_2014 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Nauru}}
|20
| -
| -
| -
|20
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nauru 1968 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nauru_2015 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Nepal}}
|45
|
|35
|35
|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nepal 2015 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2016 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
| -
| -
|18
|18
|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Koninkrijksrelaties |first=Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en |title=Kieswet |url=https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0004627/2019-02-22/#AfdelingII_HoofdstukH_ArtikelH7 |website=wetten.overheid.nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|New Zealand}}
| -
| -
|18
| -
|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New Zealand 1852 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/New_Zealand_2014 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Nicaragua}}
|25
|25
| -
| -
|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nicaragua 1987 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nicaragua_2014 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|35
|35
| -
|35
|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 Updated with the First, Second, and Third Alterations (2010) and the Fourth Alteration (2017) |url=https://www.placng.org/i/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Constitution-of-the-Federal-Republic-of-Nigeria.pdf |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=Policy and Legal Advocacy Centre (PLAC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|North Korea}}
|
|
|
| -
|17
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Youth Policy |url=https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/ |website=youthpolicy.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Nohlen|first1=Dieter|last2=Grotz|first2=Florian|last3=Hartmann|first3=Christof|year=2001|title=Elections in Asia: A Data Handbook|volume=2|pages=399–400|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-924959-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Norway}}
| -
| -
|18
| -
|18
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Norway 1814 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Norway_2015 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|45
| -
|25
|30
|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pakistan 1973 (reinst. 2002, rev. 2018) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Pakistan_2018 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Palau}}
|35
|35
| -
|25
|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Palau 1981 (rev. 1992) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Palau_1992 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Palestine}}
|40
| -
| -
| -
|28
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Panama}}
|35
|35
| -
| -
|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Panama 1972 (rev. 2004) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Panama_2004 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}
| -
| -
|
| -
|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Papua New Guinea 1975 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Papua_New_Guinea_2016 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Paraguay}}
|30
|30
| -
|35
|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Paraguay 1992 (rev. 2011) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Paraguay_2011 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Peru}}
|35
|35
| -
| -
|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Peru 1993 (rev. 2021) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Peru_2021 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Philippines}}
|40
|40
|
|35
|25
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Philippines 1987 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Philippines_1987 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Poland}}
|35
| -
|
|30
|21
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poland 1997 (rev. 2009) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Poland_2009 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Portugal}}
|35
| -
|
| -
|18
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 December 2005 |title=O que é preciso para ser candidato a Presidente da República |url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/pais/o-que-e-preciso-para-ser-candidato-a-presidente-da-republica_n21988 |access-date=31 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author=Cmoissão Nacional de Eleições (Portugal) |title=Perguntas Frequentes: Candidatura |url=http://www.cne.pt/faq2/96/3 |access-date=31 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Qatar}}
| -
| -
|
| -
|30
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Qatar 2003 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Qatar_2003 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Romania}}
|35
| -
|
|33
|23
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=9 December 2012 |title=Romania Parliamentary Elections 9 December 2012 OSCE/ODIHR Election Expert Team Final Report |url=https://www.osce.org/odihr/98757?download=true |access-date=23 April 2019 |publisher=Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Romania |url=http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/romania/ |access-date=23 April 2019 |website=youthpolicy.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=14 November 2017 |title=Standing as a candidate |url=https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2017/mapping-minimum-age-requirements/right-to-candidate |access-date=23 April 2019 |website=European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=5 February 2015 |title=Yes: Why we should vote in favour of lowering the age of candidates eligible to become President |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/yes-why-we-should-vote-in-favour-of-lowering-the-age-of-candidates-eligible-to-become-president-1.2091000 |access-date=23 April 2019 |newspaper=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Romania 1991 (rev. 2003) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Romania_2003 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;The Constitution of the Russian Federation: A Contextual Analysis, Henderson, Jane&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=11 June 2014 |title=Russia - Definition of Youth |url=https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/russia/ |access-date=3 January 2022 |website=youthpolicy.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rwanda 2003 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Rwanda_2015 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Saint Kitts and Nevis 1983 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/St_Kitts_and_Nevis_1983 |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Saint Lucia}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Saint Lucia 1978 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/St_Lucia_1978 |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1979 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/St_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_1979 |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sao Tome and Principe 1975 (rev. 2003) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Sao_Tome_and_Principe_2003 |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
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|{{Flag|Senegal}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senegal 2001 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Senegal_2016 |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
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|&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/serbia/ Serbia]. ''Youthpolicy.org''. Retrieved 7 January 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Seychelles 1993 (rev. 2017) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Seychelles_2017 |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sierra Leone 1991 (reinst. 1996, rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Sierra_Leone_2013 |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Singapore 1963 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Singapore_2016 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Slovakia 1992 (rev. 2017) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Slovakia_2017 |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Solomon Islands}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Solomon Islands 1978 (rev. 2018) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Solomon_Islands_2018 |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|South Africa}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=South Africa 1996 (rev. 2012) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/South_Africa_2012 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
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|&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=국가법령정보센터 |url=https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsSc.do?nwYn=1&amp;tabNo=&amp;p1=&amp;menuId=0&amp;query=%EA%B3%B5%EC%A7%81%EC%84%A0%EA%B1%B0%EB%B2%95&amp;subMenu=1&amp;section= |website=www.law.go.kr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Spain}}
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|&lt;ref name=&quot;Spain&quot;&gt;[http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/spain/ Spain]. ''Youthpolicy.org''. Retrieved 6 January 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Sri Lanka}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sri Lanka 1978 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Sri_Lanka_2015 |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Suriname}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Suriname 1987 (rev. 1992) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Surinam_1992 |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|&lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.ipu.org/parline/reports/2303.htm SWEDEN Riksdagen (Parliament)]. ''INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION''. Retrieved 7 January 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Switzerland}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Switzerland 1999 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Switzerland_2014 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Taiwan}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Taiwan (Republic of China) 1947 (rev. 2005) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Taiwan_2005 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tajikistan 1994 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tajikistan_2016 |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Tanzania}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=4 June 2014 |title=Tanzania - Definition of Youth |url=https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/tanzania/ |access-date=3 January 2022 |website=youthpolicy.org |archive-date=28 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828080101/https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/tanzania/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tanzania (United Republic of) 1977 (rev. 2005) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tanzania_2005 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Thailand}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thailand 2017 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Thailand_2017 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Togo}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Togo 1992 (rev. 2007) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Togo_2007 |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
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|{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Trinidad and Tobago 1976 (rev. 2007) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Trinidad_and_Tobago_2007 |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tunisia 2014 Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014 |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Turkey}}
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|&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=10 January 2017 |title=18 maddelik anayasa değişikliği teklifinin tam metni |url=https://www.evrensel.net/haber/303483/18-maddelik-anayasa-degisikligi-teklifinin-tam-metni |website=Evrensel.net |language=tr-TR}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Tuvalu}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu 1986 (rev. 2010) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tuvalu_2010 |access-date=2023-10-28 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Uganda}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uganda 1995 (rev. 2017) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Uganda_2017 |access-date=2023-10-28 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Ukraine}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ukraine 1996 (rev. 2019) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Ukraine_2019 |access-date=2023-10-28 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=How can I stand in an election? |url=https://www.parliament.uk/get-involved/elections/standing/ |access-date=23 January 2019 |publisher=www.parliament.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|United States}}
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|&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Age of Candidacy Law &amp; Legal Definition |url=http://definitions.uslegal.com/a/age-of-candidacy/ |access-date=7 November 2012 |publisher=USLegal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Uruguay}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Uruguay |url=http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/uruguay/ |access-date=6 April 2019 |website=Youthpolicy.org |archive-date=27 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827171437/http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/uruguay/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=URUGUAY Cámara de Representantes (House of Representatives) |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline/reports/2341.htm |access-date=6 April 2019 |website=INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uruguay 1966 (reinst. 1985, rev. 2004) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Uruguay_2004 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Uzbekistan}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uzbekistan 1992 (rev. 2011) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Uzbekistan_2011 |access-date=2023-10-28 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Vanuatu}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vanuatu 1980 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Vanuatu_2013 |access-date=2023-10-28 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{flag|Venezuela}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 1999 (rev. 2009) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Venezuela_2009 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Vietnam}}
|21
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Luật Bầu cử đại biểu Quốc hội và đại biểu Hội đồng nhân dân 2015 |url=https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Bo-may-hanh-chinh/Luat-Bau-cu-dai-bieu-Quoc-hoi-va-dai-bieu-Hoi-dong-nhan-dan-2015-282376.aspx |access-date=2021-10-23 |website=thuvienphapluat.vn}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Viet Nam 1992 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Socialist_Republic_of_Vietnam_2013 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{flag|Zambia}}
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=3 June 2014 |title=Zambia - Definition of Youth |url=https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/zambia/ |access-date=16 December 2021 |website=Youthpolicy.org |archive-date=28 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828080205/https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/zambia/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ZAMBIA - National Assembly |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2359_B.htm |access-date=16 December 2021 |website=Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zambia 1991 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Zambia_2016 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.constituteproject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
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|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=11 June 2014 |title=Zimbabwe - Definition of Youth |url=https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/zimbabwe/ |access-date=22 October 2023 |website=Youthpolicy.org |archive-date=30 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930000612/https://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/zimbabwe/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ZIMBABWE |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2361_B.htm |access-date=22 October 2023 |website=Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
The first known example of a law enforcing age of candidacy was the ''Lex Villia Annalis'', a Roman law enacted in 180 BCE which set the minimum ages for senatorial magistrates.

== Ta hanyar ƙasa ==

=== Ostiraleya ===
A [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] dole ne mutum ya cika shekaru 18 ko sama da haka don tsayawa takarar kujerar gwamnati a matakin tarayya, jiha ko karamar hukuma. Kafin 1973, shekarun tsayawa takarar majalisar tarayya ya kai 21. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lumb |first=Martin |date=2 October 2013 |title=The 43rd Parliament: traits and trends |url=https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1314/43rdParl |access-date=28 December 2019 |website=Parliament of Australia |language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dan majalisar wakilai mafi karancin shekaru shi ne Wyatt Roy mai shekaru 20, wanda aka zaba a zaben tarayya na 2010. Karamin memba na Majalisar Penrith City Council, kuma na kowace karamar hukuma a New South Wales, ita ce Libby Austin, wacce ta kasance 19 a lokacin zabenta a watan Satumba 2024. 

=== Ostiraliya ===</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shekarun girma</title>
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[[Fayil:Age_of_Majority_-_Global.svg|thumb|500x500px|'''Shekaru na mafi rinjaye (2023):'''      ]]
{| class=&quot;sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks&quot;
! class=&quot;sidebar-title&quot; |[[:en:Youth_rights|Youth rights]]
|-
| class=&quot;sidebar-content&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-title&quot; style=&quot;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)&quot;&gt;Activities&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist&quot; style=&quot;padding-top:0;&quot;&gt;
* ''[[:en:Bailey_v._Drexel_Furniture_Co.|Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.]]''
* [[:en:Child_Labor_Deterrence_Act|Child Labor Deterrence Act]]
* [[:en:Children's_Online_Privacy_Protection_Act|Children's Online Privacy Protection Act]]
* [[:en:Kids_Online_Safety_Act|Kids Online Safety Act]]
* [[:en:Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child|Convention on the Rights of the Child]]
* [[:en:Fair_Labor_Standards_Act|Fair Labor Standards Act]]
* ''[[:en:Hammer_v._Dagenhart|Hammer v. Dagenhart]]''
* [[:en:History_of_youth_rights_in_the_United_States|History of youth rights in the United States]]
* ''[[:en:Morse_v._Frederick|Morse v. Frederick]]''
* [[:en:Newsboys'_strike_of_1899|Newsboys' strike of 1899]]
* ''[[:en:Prez_(comics)|Prez]]''
* [[:en:Quebec_Charter_of_Human_Rights_and_Freedoms|Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms]]
* ''[[:en:Wild_in_the_Streets|Wild in the Streets]]''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;sidebar-content&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-title&quot; style=&quot;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)&quot;&gt;Theory / concepts&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist&quot; style=&quot;padding-top:0;&quot;&gt;
* [[:en:Adultcentrism|Adultcentrism]]
* [[:en:Adultism|Adultism]]
* [[:en:Ageism|Ageism]]
* [[:en:Criminalization|Criminalization]]
* [[:en:Democracy|Democracy]]
* [[:en:Ephebiphobia|Ephebiphobia]]
* [[:en:Fear_of_children|Fear of children]]
* [[:en:Free-range_parenting|Free-range parenting]]
* [[:en:Intergenerational_equity|Intergenerational equity]]
** [[:en:Future_generations|Future generations]]
* [[:en:Paternalism|Paternalism]]
* [[:en:Social_class|Social class]]
* [[:en:Suffrage|Suffrage]]
* [[:en:Taking_Children_Seriously|Taking Children Seriously]]
* [[:en:Universal_suffrage|Universal suffrage]]
* [[:en:Unschooling|Unschooling]]
* [[:en:Youth_activism|Youth activism]]
* [[:en:Youth_detention_center|Youth detention center]]
* [[:en:Youth_empowerment|Youth empowerment]]
* [[:en:Youth_exclusion|Youth exclusion]]
* [[:en:Youth_suffrage|Youth suffrage]]
* [[:en:Youth_voice|Youth voice]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;sidebar-content&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-title&quot; style=&quot;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)&quot;&gt;Issues&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist&quot; style=&quot;padding-top:0;&quot;&gt;
* [[:en:Adolescent_sexuality|Adolescent sexuality]]
* [[:en:Age_of_candidacy|Age of candidacy]]
* [[:en:Age_of_consent|Age of consent]]
* [[:en:Age-of-consent_reform|Age-of-consent reform]]
* [[:en:Age_of_majority|Age of majority]]
* [[:en:Age_of_marriage|Age of marriage]]
* [[:en:Behavior_modification_facility|Behavior modification facility]]
* [[:en:Child_labour|Child labour]]
* [[:en:Children_in_the_military|Children in the military]]
* [[:en:Child_marriage|Child marriage]]
* [[:en:Compulsory_education|Compulsory education]]
* [[:en:Conscription|Conscription]]
* [[:en:Corporal_punishment|Corporal punishment]]
** [[:en:Corporal_punishment_in_the_home|at home]]
** [[:en:Corporal_punishment_in_schools|at school]]
** [[:en:Child_corporal_punishment_laws|in law]]
* [[:en:Curfew|Curfew]]
* [[:en:Child_abuse|Child abuse]]
* [[:en:Emancipation_of_minors|Emancipation of minors]]
* [[:en:Gambling_age|Gambling age]]
* [[:en:Human_rights_and_youth_sport|Human rights and youth sport]]
* [[:en:In_loco_parentis|In loco parentis]]
* [[:en:Juvenile_delinquency|Juvenile delinquency]]
* [[:en:Juvenile_court|Juvenile court]]
* [[:en:Juvenile_law|Juvenile law]]
* [[:en:Legal_drinking_age|Legal drinking age]] ([[:en:U.S._history_of_alcohol_minimum_purchase_age_by_state|U.S. history]])
* [[:en:Legal_working_age|Legal working age]]
* [[:en:List_of_minimum_driving_ages|Minimum driving age]]
* [[:en:Marriageable_age|Marriageable age]]
* [[:en:Minor_(law)|Minor (law)]]
* [[:en:Minors_and_abortion|Minors and abortion]]
* [[:en:Restavec|Restavec]]
* [[:en:School_leaving_age|School leaving age]]
* [[:en:Smoking_age|Smoking age]] ([[:en:U.S._history_of_tobacco_minimum_purchase_age_by_state|U.S. history]])
* [[:en:Status_offense|Status offense]]
* [[:en:Alcohol_consumption_by_youth_in_the_United_States|Underage drinking in the US]]
* [[:en:Voting_age|Voting age]]
* [[:en:Youth-adult_partnership|Youth-adult partnership]]
* [[:en:Youth_participation|Youth participation]]
* [[:en:Youth_politics|Youth politics]]
* [[:en:Youth_unemployment|Youth unemployment]]
* [[:en:Youth_vote_in_the_United_States|Youth voting]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;sidebar-content&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-title&quot; style=&quot;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)&quot;&gt;Organizations&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist&quot; style=&quot;padding-top:0;&quot;&gt;
* [[:en:United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child|United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child]]
* [[:en:Akt_(charity)|Akt]]
* Americans for a Society Free from Age Restrictions
* [[:en:Canadian_Youth_for_Choice|Canadian Youth for Choice]]
* [[:en:Commission_des_droits_de_la_personne_et_des_droits_de_la_jeunesse|Human Rights and Youth Rights Commission]]
* [[:en:Common_Cents|Common Cents]]
* [[:en:Community_Alliance_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Youth|Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth]]
* [[:en:DoSomething|DoSomething]]
* [[:en:Future_Coalition|Future Coalition]]
* [[:en:Global_Youth_Action_Network|Global Youth Action Network]]
* [[:en:High_School_Democrats_of_America|High School Democrats of America]]
* [[:en:Indian_Youth_Climate_Network|Indian Youth Climate Network]]
* [[:en:International_Falcon_Movement_–_Socialist_Educational_International|International Falcon Movement – Socialist Educational International]]
* [[:en:Mermaids_(charity)|Mermaids]]
* [[:en:National_Union_of_Students_LGBT+_Campaign|National Union of Students LGBT+ Campaign]]
* [[:en:National_Youth_Rights_Association|National Youth Rights Association]]
* [[:en:One_World_Youth_Project|One World Youth Project]]
* [[:en:Queer_Youth_Network|Queer Youth Network]]
* [[:en:Students_for_a_Democratic_Society|Students for a Democratic Society]]
* [[:en:Freechild_Project|Freechild Project]]
* [[:en:Three_O'Clock_Lobby|Three O'Clock Lobby]]
* [[:en:UK_Youth_Parliament|UK Youth Parliament]]
* [[:en:Youth_International_Party|Youth International Party]]
* [[:en:Youth_Liberation_of_Ann_Arbor|Youth Liberation of Ann Arbor]]
* [[:en:The_Youth_Cafe|The Youth Cafe]]
* [[:en:Young_Communist_League_of_Canada|Young Communist League of Canada]]
* [[:en:Young_Democrats_of_America|Young Democrats of America]]
* [[:en:World_Federation_of_Democratic_Youth|World Federation of Democratic Youth]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;sidebar-content&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-title&quot; style=&quot;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)&quot;&gt;People&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist&quot; style=&quot;padding-top:0;&quot;&gt;
* [[:en:Adam_Fletcher_(activist)|Fletcher]]
* [[:en:David_J._Hanson|Hanson]]
* [[:en:David_Joseph_Henry|Henry]]
* [[:en:John_Holt_(educator)|Holt]]
* [[:en:Alex_Koroknay-Palicz|Koroknay-Palicz]]
* [[:en:Lyn_Duff|Duff]]
* [[:en:Mike_A._Males|Males]]
* [[:en:Neil_Postman|Postman]]
* [[:en:Sonia_Yaco|Yaco]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;sidebar-content&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-title&quot; style=&quot;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)&quot;&gt;Related&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist&quot; style=&quot;padding-top:0;&quot;&gt;
* [[:en:Ages_of_consent_in_Asia|Ages of consent in Asia]]
* [[:en:Ages_of_consent_in_Europe|Ages of consent in Europe]]
* [[:en:Ages_of_consent_in_North_America|Ages of consent in North America]]
* [[:en:Ages_of_consent_in_Oceania|Ages of consent in Oceania]]
* [[:en:Ages_of_consent_in_South_America|Ages of consent in South America]]
* [[:en:Ages_of_consent_in_the_United_States|Ages of consent in the United States]]
* [[:en:Animal_rights|Animal rights]]
* [[:en:Anti-racism|Anti-racism]]
* [[:en:Direct_democracy|Direct democracy]]
* [[:en:Egalitarianism|Egalitarianism]]
* [[:en:Feminism|Feminism]]
* [[:en:French_petitions_against_age-of-consent_laws|French petitions against age-of-consent laws]]
* [[:en:Legal_status_of_tattooing_in_European_countries|Legal status of tattooing in European countries]]
* [[:en:Legal_status_of_tattooing_in_the_United_States|Legal status of tattooing in the United States]]
* [[:en:Libertarianism|Libertarianism]]
* [[:en:Student_rights|Students' rights]]
* [[:en:Youth_Olympic_Games|Youth Olympic Games]]
* [[:en:Youth_sports|Youth sports]]
* [[:en:Youth_wing|Youth wing]]
* [[:en:Liberation_theology|Liberation theology]]
* [[:en:Communism|Communism]]
* [[:en:Socialism|Socialism]]
* [[:en:Marxism|Marxism]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| class=&quot;sidebar-below plainlist&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;hlist&quot;&gt;
* [[File:HumanRightsLogo.svg|link=|alt=|27x27px]] [[:en:Category:Youth_rights|Youth rights]]
* &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;[[File:Social_sciences.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg|alt=icon|class=skin-invert-image noviewer|32x32px]] &lt;/span&gt;[[:en:Portal:Society|Society&amp;#x20;portal]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
Shekarar mafi rinjaye ita ce ƙofar [[Baligi|tsufa]] ta [[doka]] kamar yadda aka gane ko aka ayyana a cikin doka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=age of majority |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/age_of_majority |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=LII / Legal Information Institute |publisher=[[Cornell University]] |place=Ithaca, NY |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lokaci ne da za a daina ɗaukar mutum ƙarami, kuma ya ɗauki ikon shari'a a kan mutum, ayyukansa, da hukunce-hukuncen su, ta haka ne ke kawo ƙarshen iko da alhakin shari'a na iyaye ko waliyyi a kansu.

Yawancin ƙasashe suna saita shekarun girma a 18, amma wasu hukunce-hukuncen suna da shekaru mafi girma wasu kuma ƙasa. Kalmar rinjaye a nan tana nufin samun shekaru masu girma da kuma cika shekaru sabanin ƴan tsiraru, yanayin zama ƙanana. Doka a cikin wani yanki na iya ƙila a zahiri amfani da kalmar &quot;shekarun girma&quot;. Kalmar tana nufin tarin dokokin da ke ba da matsayi na girma.

== Bayani ==
Kalmar shekarun girma na iya rikicewa tare da irin wannan ra'ayi na shekarun lasisi.[1] A matsayin kalmar doka, lasisi yana nufin izini, yana nufin haƙƙi ko gata da za a iya aiwatar da doka. Don haka, shekarun lasisi na takamaiman aiki, misali shekarun lasisin tuƙi mota ko babur na ƙarfin injin da aka ba shi, shine mafi ƙarancin shekarun da mutum zai iya ba da izini ga wannan aikin. Shekarun girma, a gefe guda, sun gane cewa mutumin ya zama balagagge na doka a wannan ikon.

Yawancin shekarun lasisi sun zo daidai da shekarun masu girma don gane sauyin mulki zuwa balagagge na doka, amma duk da haka sun bambanta bisa doka. Babu bukatar mutum ya kai shekarun girma don samun izini don aiwatar da wasu hakkoki da nauyi. Wasu shekarun lasisi na iya zama mafi girma, ƙasa, ko kuma daidai da shekarun girma.

Misali, don siyan barasa, shekarun lasisi shine 21 a duk jihohin Amurka. Wani misali shine shekarun jefa ƙuri'a, wanda kafin 1971 ya kasance 21 a Amurka, kamar yadda shekarun masu rinjaye a duk ko mafi yawan jihohi. Bayan da aka rage shekarun jefa kuri'a daga 21 zuwa 18, an rage shekarun masu rinjaye zuwa 18 a yawancin jihohi. A yawancin jihohin Amurka, mutum na iya samun lasisin tuƙi, yarda da yin jima'i, da samun aikin cikakken lokaci yana ɗan shekara 16 duk da cewa shekarun girma ya kai 18 a yawancin jihohi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=When you turn 18: A survival guide for teenagers |url=http://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/publications/Turn-18.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325180846/http://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/publications/Turn-18.pdf |archive-date=March 25, 2019 |website=The [[State Bar of California]] (calbar.ca.gov)}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin Jamhuriyar Ireland shekarun mafi rinjaye shine 18, amma dole ne mutum ya kasance 21 ko sama da haka don tsayawa takara ga Gidajen Oireachtas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=At what age can I? |url=http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/reference/checklists/checklist_at_what_age_can_i.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228220852/http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/reference/checklists/checklist_at_what_age_can_i.html |archive-date=28 December 2010 |access-date=12 January 2011 |website=Citizens Information Board (Bord um Fhaisnéis do Shaoránaigh / BFS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, a Portugal shekarun mafi rinjaye shine 18, kuma 'yan ƙasa da suka kai wannan shekarun suma sun cancanci yin takarar Majalisar, amma suna buƙatar zama 35 ko sama da haka don yin takarar Shugaban kasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Comissão Nacional de Eleições (Portugal) |title=Perguntas Frequentes: Candidatura |url=http://www.cne.pt/faq2/96/3 |access-date=31 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=Constitution of the Portuguese Republic |url=http://app.parlamento.pt/site_antigo/ingles/cons_leg/Constitution_VII_revisao_definitive.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022091934/http://app.parlamento.pt/site_antigo/ingles/cons_leg/Constitution_VII_revisao_definitive.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2014 |series=Seventh Revision}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yaron da kotun da ke da ikon yantar da shi bisa doka zai kai ga balaga kai tsaye bayan sanya hannu kan umarnin kotu. 'Yantarwa ne kawai ke ba da matsayin balaga kafin a zahiri mutum ya kai shekarun girma. A kusan dukkan wurare, yara ƙanana waɗanda suka yi aure za su sami 'yanci kai tsaye. Haka kuma wasu wuraren suna yin hakan ga yara ƙanana waɗanda ke cikin sojoji ko waɗanda ke da wani digiri ko difloma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Stasiak |first=Bethany |year=2002 |title=Statutory and Judicial Emancipation of Minors in the United States |url=http://www.bostoncoop.net/lcd/emancipation/emancipation_deliverable.pdf |website=[[Northeastern University]] School of Law |access-date=2025-07-21 |archive-date=2020-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204050628/http://www.bostoncoop.net/lcd/emancipation/emancipation_deliverable.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yara ƙanana waɗanda aka 'yanta za su iya zaɓar inda suke da zama, sanya hannu kan kwangiloli, kuma suna da ikon yanke shawara na kuɗi da na likitanci kuma gabaɗaya suna yanke shawara ba tare da kulawar iyaye ba amma ba a keɓe su daga buƙatun shekaru da aka tsara a cikin doka don wasu haƙƙoƙi. Alal misali, ƙarami na iya 'yantar da shekaru 16 a Amurka (ko ƙarami dangane da jihar) amma dole ne ya jira har zuwa 18 don yin zabe ko siyan bindiga, da 21 don siyan barasa ko taba.</text>
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    <title>Sarah Cameron Sunde</title>
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'''Sarah Cameron Sunde''' 'yar Amurka ce, mai zane-zane na muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sarah Cameron Sunde {{!}} Environmental and Time-based Artist and Director |url=https://www.sarahcameronsunde.com/ |access-date=2022-12-29 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekaru 10 na farko na aikinta (1999-2010), an gano ta da farko a matsayin mai yin wasan kwaikwayo da darektan, kuma an san ta a duniya a matsayin mai fassara na Amurka da Ingilishi da kuma darektan ayyukan ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Norway Jon Fosse.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-08-19 |title=Sarah Cameron Sunde – About The Artist |url=https://wp.nyu.edu/gallatingalleries/scs-about/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=The Gallatin Galleries |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kodayake ta ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo / jagorantar har zuwa 2017, A cikin 2010, aikinta ya sauya da farko zuwa na mai zane-zane na lokaci wanda ke aiki a wurin haɗuwa da jama'a, wasan kwaikwayo, da fasahar bidiyo, wanda ta ci gaba a yau. A wannan haɗuwa, Sunde yana aiki a shafin-musamman tare da tsawon lokaci da sikelin don bincika dangantakar ɗan adam zuwa lokaci mai zurfi, duniyar da ta fi ta ɗan adam, da kuma muhalli.

Ayyukanta mafi shahara har zuwa yau shine 36.5 / A Durational Performance with the Sea, aikin zane-zane na jama'a, bidiyo, da wasan kwaikwayon da aka yi tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da ruwa da al'ummomi a duk faɗin duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Nicole |date=2019-03-30 |title=Sarah Cameron Sunde's Immersive Performances |url=http://hyperallergic.com/490544/sarah-cameron-sundes-immersive-performances/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Hyperallergic |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 36.5 an yi shi a cikin shekaru tara kuma a fadin nahiyoyi shida (2013-2022). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=36.5 {{!}} about |url=https://www.36pt5.org/about/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Za a ci gaba da aiki da aikin bidiyo na dindindin da aka kirkira daga waɗannan wasan kwaikwayon, a bincika su, kuma a nuna su ta hanyar makomar da za a iya gani.

== Ayyuka ==

=== 36.5 / A Durational Performance Tare da Tekun ===
Yayinda take ziyartar Maine a cikin shekara ta 2013, Sunde ta ɗauki wani wasan kwaikwayon inda za ta tsaya a gefen ruwa daga low tide zuwa low tide, ta ba da damar ruwa ya tashi daga ƙafafunta, ya haɗiye jikinta, sannan ya sake sauka a matsayin kwatanci don hauhawar matakin teku a kan mutum. Kowane ɗayan maimaitawa tara sun ƙunshi manyan abubuwa uku: A jiki, live performance, a liveestreamed performance, da kuma timelapse da kuma tsawon lokaci na bidiyo aikin halitta daga kowane performance.

Tsakanin 2013 da 2022 ta shirya wasanni tara a nahiyoyi daban-daban guda shida (Maine, Mexico, San Francisco, Netherlands, Bangladesh, Brazil, Kenya, Aotearoa-New Zealand). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=36.5 {{!}} performance |url=https://www.36pt5.org/performance/ |access-date=2022-09-14 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; An zaɓi wurare bisa ga yadda hauhawar matakin teku ta shafa su. Ayyukan sun kasance martani ga Guguwar Sandy, kuma wasan karshe ya faru ne a ranar 14 ga Satumba, 2022 a cikin New York Estuary a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]] (Astoria, Queens)  A kowane wuri tana gayyatar membobin al'umma su shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayon da kuma a cikin &quot;shiryen muhalli&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Misdary |first=Rosemary |date=2022-09-14 |title=To confront rising sea levels, an NYC artist invites you to stand in the East River for 12 hours |url=https://gothamist.com/ |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=Gothamist |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shahararrun abokan hulɗa da nune-nunen aikin sun haɗa da: Gidan Tarihi na Georgia, Athens, GA (2020), Gallatin Galleries, New York, NY (2020), Te Uru Gallery, Aotearoa-NZ (2020), Gidan Tarihin Fort Jesus da Cheche Gallery, Mombasa da Nairobi, Kenya (2019), Gidan Tarih na zamani, MUSAS, Salvador, Brazil (2019), Britto Arts Space, Dhaka, Bangladesh (2017), da De Appel, da Oude Kerk, Netherlands (2015).

=== Ayyuka a Ruwa ===
In 2017, Sunde instigated and co-founded Works on Water,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Works on Water |url=http://www.worksonwater.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; a nonprofit, triennial, and experimental cultural organization that supports a community of artists working on, in, and with bodies of water. Works on Water's goal is to create a space for visual artists, theater-makers, scientists, and urban planners to collaborate across sectors and think in multidisciplinary ways about water.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sunde |first=Sarah Cameron |date=2018-01-01 |title=Environmental Art for the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/38438235 |journal=Works on Water Inaugural Triennial Catalogue}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo: jagorantar, fassara, samarwa ===
From 2004-2014, Sunde directed and translated US debut productions&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Barker |first=Jeremy M. |date=2012-11-01 |title=Hard Moments Crashing |url=https://www.americantheatre.org/2012/11/01/hard-moments-crashing/ |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=American Theatre |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; of the work of 2023 Literature Nobel Prize Laureate Norwegian poet and playwright, Jon Fosse.

A shekara ta 2004, Sunde ta fassara kuma ta ba da umarnin Fosse's Night Sings Its Songs  a Al'adun Al'adu a Birnin New York, kuma a shekara mai zuwa ta ba da umurni ga The Asphalt Kiss by Nelson Rodrigues a Off-Broadway 59E59 Theaters . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Kenneth |date=7 October 2005 |title=NYC Premiere of Asphalt Kiss Among Celebration of Works by Brazil's Nelson Rodrigues, Oct. 7 - Playbill.com |url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/95534-NYC-Premiere-of-Asphalt-Kiss-Among-Celebration-of-Works-by-Brazils-Nelson-Rodrigues-Oct-7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020142943/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/95534-NYC-Premiere-of-Asphalt-Kiss-Among-Celebration-of-Works-by-Brazils-Nelson-Rodrigues-Oct-7 |archive-date=20 October 2012 |access-date=29 March 2011 |website=[[Playbill]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ba da umarnin fassarar Fosse's deathvariations  a 2006 da ''SaKaLa''  a 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Willis |first=Paul |date=2008-09-12 |title=As Few Words as Possible Sarah Cameron Sunde on Jon Fosse |url=https://brooklynrail.org/2008/09/theater/as-few-words-as-possible |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=The Brooklyn Rail |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Varley |first=Eddie |title=Photos: Oslo Elsewhere Premieres 'Sa Ka La' |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/off-off-broadway/article/Photo-Flash-Oslo-Elsewhere-Premieres-Sa-Ka-La-20080815 |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=BroadwayWorld.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2009, ta ba da umarnin gabatarwa a duniya na Jessica Dickey's The Amish Project da kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Rattlestick Playwrights . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Timmy |date=June 2009 |title=Talking Amish: Jessica Dickey and Sarah Cameron Sunde with Tommy Smith |url=http://brooklynrail.org/2009/06/theater/talking-amish-jessica-dickey-and-sarah-cameron-sunde-with-tommy-smith |journal=The Brooklyn Rail}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, Sunde ta jagoranci gabatarwar duniya ta Marielle Heller's The Diary of a Teenage Girl a 3LD Art &amp; Technology Center . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-05-20 |title=The Diary of a Teenage Girl - New Georges |url=https://newgeorges.org/the-record-list/the-diary-of-a-teenage-girl/ |access-date=2022-12-29 |website=New Georges - Theater Company |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ba da umarnin fassarorin Fosse's A Summer Day   a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Cherry Lane a 2012 da Dream of Autumn  a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Quantum a Pittsburgh a 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Blank |first=Matthew |date= |title=Photo Call: A Summer Day, Starring Karen Allen, Opens Off-Broadway |url=https://playbill.com/article/photo-call-a-summer-day-starring-karen-allen-opens-off-broadway-com-199151 |access-date= |website=Playbill}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pilecki |first=Michelle |title=Quantum Theatre's Dream of Autumn |url=https://www.pghcitypaper.com/pittsburgh/quantum-theatres-dream-of-autumn/Content?oid=1637759 |access-date=2022-12-29 |website=Pittsburgh City Paper |language=en |archive-date=2022-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229012742/https://www.pghcitypaper.com/pittsburgh/quantum-theatres-dream-of-autumn/Content?oid=1637759 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sunde ta kasance co-kafa duka Oslo Elsewhere &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Oslo Elsewhere / Our Team |url=https://osloelsewhere.org/Our-Team.html |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=osloelsewhere.org |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228224648/https://osloelsewhere.org/Our-Team.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; da Translation Think Tank . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sarah Cameron Sunde |url=https://wordswithoutborders.org/contributors/view/sarah-cameron-sunde/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=Words Without Borders |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na New Georges daga 2001-2017.

== Kyaututtuka ==

* Guggenheim Fellow (2021) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sarah Cameron Sunde |url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/sarah-cameron-sunde/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228230149/https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/sarah-cameron-sunde/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Asusun MAP (2021,  2019) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-04-30 |title=2021 MAP Fund Grantees |url=https://mapfund.org/2021-map-fund-grantees/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=MAP Fund |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-06-18 |title=2019 Grantees |url=https://mapfund.org/2019-map-fund-grantees/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=MAP Fund |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Majalisar Jihar New York kan Fasaha (2021) 
* Kyautar gidan wasan kwaikwayo ta Robert &amp; Gloria Hausman, Gimbiya Grace Fellowship a cikin Gudanarwa (2005) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Award Winners |url=http://grants.pgfusa.org/award-winners/view/Sarah-Sunde |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=grants.pgfusa.org |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228224709/https://grants.pgfusa.org/award-winners/view/Sarah-Sunde |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kyautar mai zane, American Scandinavian Society (2005) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sarah Cameron Sunde |url=https://americanscandinavian.org/sarah-cameron-sunde/ |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=americanscandinavian.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

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{{Databox}}

Aikin Kemper, wanda kuma ake kira Kemper County makamashi kayan aiki ko Plant Ratcliffe, tashar samar da wutar lantarki ce mai amfani da iskar gas a halin yanzu a cikin ginin a Kemper County, Mississippi. Mississippi Power, wani reshe na Southern Company, ya fara gina tashar a cikin 2010.  Na farko, aikin kwal ya kasance tsakiya ga Shirin Yanayi na Shugaba Obama, saboda zai dogara ne akan &quot; kwal mai tsabta&quot;  kuma ana la'akari da shi don ƙarin tallafi daga Majalisa da Gwamnatin Trump mai shigowa a ƙarshen 2016.  Idan ya fara aiki tare da kwal, aikin Kemper zai kasance tashar wutar lantarki ta farko don amfani da fasahar gas da carbon a wannan sikelin.

An lura da matsalolin gudanar da aikin a aikin Kemper .  Ya kamata [[shuka]] ta kasance a cikin sabis a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2014, a farashin dala biliyan 2.4. Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2017, aikin har yanzu ba ya aiki, kuma farashin ya karu zuwa dala biliyan 7.5. Dangane da binciken Sierra Club, Kemper shine mafi tsada da aka taɓa ginawa, bisa ga ƙarfin samar da shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Drajem&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Drajem |first=Mark |date=April 14, 2014 |title=Coal's Best Hope Rising With Costliest U.S. Power Plant |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-04-14/coal-s-best-hope-rising-with-costliest-u-s-power-plant |publisher=Bloomberg Business}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Yunin 2017, Kamfanin Kudancin da Mississippi Power sun ba da sanarwar cewa aikin Kemper zai sauya zuwa ƙone iskar gas kawai a ƙoƙarin sarrafa farashi.

== Tarihi ==
Gundumar Kemper ƙaramar karamar hukuma ce a gabashin Mississippi, kusan kilomita 30 a arewacin Meridian .  An zaɓi yankin Kemper a matsayin shafin don shuka don amfani da kwal mai launin ruwan kasa na gida (lignite), albarkatun halitta da ba a yi amfani da su ba, yayin da suke samar da bambancin ƙasa don taimakawa daidaita buƙatar wutar lantarki da ƙarfafa amincin wutar lantarki a Mississippi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FAQs |url=http://www.mississippipower.com/about-energy/plants/kemper-county-energy-facility/faqs |website=mississippipower.com |publisher=Mississippi Power}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mississippi Power babban kamfani ne na makamashi wanda ke zaune a Gulfport, yana ba da makamashi ga Gulfport, Biloxi, Hattiesburg, Meridian, Pascagoula, Columbia, Laurel, Waveland, Lucedale da Picayune . 

Mississippi Power ya yi niyyar Kemper Project don samar da makamashi mai tsabta ta hanyar amfani da hadin gwiwar hadin gwiwoyi (IGCC)  da fasahar kama carbon, kawar da mafi yawan hayaki da aka fitar da ita ta hanyar masana'antar kwal ta gargajiya. Wani binciken da Kamfanin Kudancin (mahaifin Mississippi Power) ya gudanar ya bayyana cewa aikin Kemper zai kasance &quot;babban aiki tare da ganuwa mai girma kuma ... taimakawa wajen saita mataki don samar da wutar lantarki ta gaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;NETL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title={{CO2}} Capture at the Kemper County IGCC Project |url=http://www.netl.doe.gov/File%20Library/Events/2011/co2capture/25Aug11--Nelson-Kemper-Capture-at-Kemper-IGCC.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123194122/http://www.netl.doe.gov/File%20Library/Events/2011/co2capture/25Aug11--Nelson-Kemper-Capture-at-Kemper-IGCC.pdf |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=September 24, 2014 |website=www.netl.doe.gov |publisher=DOE's National Energy Technology Laboratory}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 3 ga Yuni, 2010, Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a ta Mississippi ta tabbatar da aikin kuma an gudanar da bikin kaddamar da shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;NETL&quot;/&gt; Gwamna Haley Barbour ya kasance a wurin.

== Lignite ==
Lignite mai laushi ne, mai launin ruwan kasa wanda ke da mafi ƙarancin makamashi na kowane nau'in kwal. Har ila yau, yana da datti sosai idan aka ƙone shi.
[[Fayil:Lignite-coal.jpg|thumb|Karfe na Lignite]]
A cewar Majalisar Makamashi ta Lignite ana amfani da kusan kashi 79 cikin dari na kwal don samar da wutar lantarki, kashi 13.5 cikin dari don samar da iskar gas, da kashi 7.5 cikin dari sambu na samar da kayan taki. Mississippi tana da kimanin tan biliyan biyar na ajiyar kwal, wanda ya kunshi kusan dukkanin eocene lignite. Gidajen lignite na yau da kullun da za a iya haƙa su ta hanyar tattalin arziki suna daga ƙafa biyu zuwa tara. Abubuwan da ke cikin Mississippi sun yi daidai da kashi 13 cikin 100 na jimlar wuraren ajiyar lignite na Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mississippi |url=http://www.mcrcc.osmre.gov/MCR/States/Mississippi.shtm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017234647/http://www.mcrcc.osmre.gov/MCR/States/Mississippi.shtm |archive-date=October 17, 2013 |access-date=September 17, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana sa ran masana'antar Kemper za ta yi amfani da kimanin tan 375,000 na lignite da aka yi a cikin gida a kowane wata ko kusan tan miliyan 185 a kan rayuwar da ake tsammani na shekaru 40.&lt;ref name=&quot;mspowertimeline&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kemper County energy facility - Project Timeline |url=http://www.mississippipower.com/kemper/Timeline.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611043808/http://www.mississippipower.com/kemper/timeline.asp |archive-date=June 11, 2014 |access-date=May 26, 2014 |website=Mississippi Power}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fasahar TRIG na iya amfani da lignite, wanda kuma shine abin motsawa na fasahar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gasification and TRIG |url=http://www.mississippipower.com/about-energy/plants/kemper-county-energy-facility/gasification-and-trig |website=mississippipower.com |publisher=Mississippi Power}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fasahar ==
Kamfanin Kemper na Mississippi Power ta yi niyya ne don zama kayan aiki mai haɗuwa da gasification (IGCC), ta amfani da fasahar da aka sani da &quot; jigilar gasification&quot; (TRIG) don canza kwal - wanda aka haƙa a shafin Kemper - zuwa syngas. &lt;ref name=&quot;sseb.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Kemper Project IGCC Project Overview – Richard Esposito SECARB Stakeholders' Briefing |url=http://www.sseb.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Richard-Esposito.pdf |publisher=SSEB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Za a yi amfani da iskar gas don samar da wutar lantarki.

Mississippi Power ta bayyana cewa, ta hanyar ƙara kwal ga tushen wutar lantarki, tana so ta ƙara ma'auni ga zaɓin tushen man fetur, kuma ta kasance ƙasa da dogaro da kowane nau'in makamashi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fuel Diversity |url=http://www.mississippipower.com/about-energy/plants/kemper-county-energy-facility/fuel-diversity |website=mississippipower.com |publisher=Mississippi Power}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai kimanin tan biliyan hudu na lignite da za a iya amfani da shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;sseb.org&quot;/&gt;

Idan ya ci nasara, aikin Kemper zai kasance na biyu na TRIG a Amurka.&lt;ref name=&quot;sseb.org&quot;/&gt; Samar da wutar lantarki daga kwal ta wannan hanyar yana samar da adadi mai yawa na carbon dioxide, kuma Mississippi Power na fatan cewa kashi 65 cikin 100 na carbon dioxide za a kama shi kuma a yi amfani da shi a cikin Inganta Man Fetur a filayen mai makwabta.&lt;ref name=&quot;sseb.org&quot; /&gt;

=== Fasahar jigilar gas ===
Ma'aikatar Makamashi, Kamfanin Kudancin da KBR ne suka haɓaka TRIG a Cibiyar Ci gaban Tsarin Wutar Lantarki a Wilsonville, [[Alabama]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;brewer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brewer |first=Reuben |date=2013-11-22 |title=Here's Why SolarCity is a Buy-and-Hold Investment |url=http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2013/11/22/heres-why-solarcity-is-a-buy-and-hold-investment.aspx |access-date=2014-05-26 |website=The Motley Fool}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamfanin Kudancin ya bayyana cewa TRIG babbar hanyar gas ce tare da ƙananan tasiri ga muhalli. Fasahar TRIG na iya amfani da lignite, wanda ke da asusun fiye da rabin ajiyar kwal a duniya kuma ya haifar da sha'awar duniya a cikin shuka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kemper Plant Drawing Global Interest |url=http://energyfairness.org/2013/09/kemper-plant-drawing-global-interest/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061649if_/http://energyfairness.org/2013/09/kemper-plant-drawing-global-interest/ |archive-date=September 21, 2013 |access-date=September 17, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gasificationTRIG&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kemper County energy facility - Gasification &amp; TRIG |url=http://www.mississippipower.com/kemper/gasification-and-trig.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209065527/http://www.mississippipower.com/kemper/gasification-and-trig.asp |archive-date=February 9, 2014 |access-date=May 26, 2014 |website=Mississippi Power}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Mujallar Power'' ta wallafa wani labarin a watan Afrilu na shekara ta , tana tafiya ta hanyar fasaha a cikin cikakkun bayanai. Sun ce, &quot;Za a iya tsara raka'a na TRIG na kasuwanci don cimma manyan ka'idojin muhalli don , NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;, hayakin ƙura, mercury, da CO=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;mwAWc&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Transclusion&quot;&gt;CO. Nazarin farashi wanda ya danganci ƙirar da aka tsara ya nuna cewa amfanin tattalin arziki da mai ɗaukar iska ya bayar dangane da wasu tsarin ana kiyaye su koda lokacin da aka haɗa CO2 da kuma tsare su cikin ƙirar. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2013 |title=Kemper County IGCC Project Update |url=http://www.powermag.com/kemper-county-igcc-project-update/ |access-date=June 18, 2018 |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Kayan kwal mai tsabta ===
Idan fasahar carbon, kamawa da tsare-tsare da aka yi amfani da ita a Kemper Project ta yi nasara, da ta kasance masana'antar kwal ta farko ta Amurka. Bukatar wannan nau'in fasaha ta fito ne daga shekarun da suka gabata na muhawara tsakanin shugabannin makamashi kan yadda za a rage hayakin carbon dioxide a cikin yanayin duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brownell |first=William |last2=Stone |first2=Scott |title=The Hard Reality for International Climate Agreements in the United States |url=http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/images/publications/20140403ee-IntlClimate.pdf |access-date=July 14, 2014 |website=atlanticcouncil.org |publisher=Atlantic Council |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180217/http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/images/publications/20140403ee-IntlClimate.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2013, amfani da kwal na Amurka ya kasance 40%, yana mamaye duk sauran hanyoyin samar da makamashi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Coal regains some electric generation market share from natural gas |url=http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=11391 |access-date=July 14, 2014 |website=eia.gov |publisher=US Energy Information Administration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanin bukatar kwal ba ta raguwa, Mississippi Power, Southern Company, KBR, da Ma'aikatar Makamashi sun saka hannun jari a cikin fasaha don kama hayaki daga konewar man fetur. Kungiyoyin saka hannun jari sun yi jayayya da irin fasahar kwal mai tsabta da suke da'awar ana samun ta a aikin Kemper a duk duniya; kawo riba ga abokan ciniki na Mississippi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=What's Good for the World is Good for Mississippi |url=http://kemperproject.org/kemper-global/ |access-date=July 14, 2014 |website=kemperproject.org |publisher=NBCC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masu kula da muhalli sun bayyana cewa kwal mai tsabta ba yiwuwar ba ce, saboda har yanzu za a fitar da wasu hayaki cikin yanayi.

=== Kama carbon da kuma tsare shi ===
Karɓar carbon da kuma ƙwace, wanda kuma ake kira kamawa da adana carbon (CCS), fasaha ce da za ta iya kama har zuwa 90% na hayakin carbon dioxide . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 12, 2013 |title=Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration |url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/signpost/cc.html |website=www.epa.gov |publisher=EPA}}&lt;/ref&gt; CCS yana amfani da haɗin fasahohi don kama CO2 da aka saki a cikin tsarin konewa, jigilar shi zuwa wurin ajiya mai dacewa kuma a ƙarshe adana shi (yawanci zurfin ƙasa) inda ba zai iya shiga yanayi ba don haka ya ba da gudummawa ga canjin yanayi. Zaɓuɓɓukan ƙwaƙwalwar CO2 sun haɗa da tsarin saline da rijiyoyin mai, inda za'a iya amfani da CO2 da aka kama don inganta dawo da mai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 20, 2017 |title=Carbon Capture — Center for Climate and Energy Solutions |url=http://www.c2es.org/technology/factsheet/CCS |access-date=June 18, 2018 |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saboda karuwar bukatar makamashi a duniya, ana sa ran amfani da man fetur zai tashi har zuwa , wanda ke haifar da fitar da CO.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=World Energy Outlook |url=http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/media/weowebsite/factsheets/factsheets.pdf |access-date=June 18, 2018 |website=www.worldenergyoutlook.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Carbon dioxide inganta dawo da mai ===
Carbon dioxide  fetur ko CO2-EOR yana ƙara adadin man da aka dawo da shi daga tafkin mai na karkashin kasa. Ta hanyar yin amfani da CO2 a cikin tankin mai, ana tura man da ba a iya dawo da shi ba a baya zuwa inda za'a iya isa man. Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka ta bayyana cewa wannan na iya samar da ƙarin kashi 30 zuwa 60 na asalin adadin mai mai mai dawo da shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Enhanced Oil Recovery |url=http://energy.gov/fe/science-innovation/oil-gas-research/enhanced-oil-recovery |website=energy.gov |publisher=DOE}}&lt;/ref&gt; Da zarar an kai ga duk man da za a iya dawo da shi, tafkin da ya ƙare zai iya aiki a matsayin wurin ajiya don CO2.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Carbon Capture And Storage And Enhanced Oil Recovery Fact Sheet |url=http://www.midwesterngovernors.org/Publications/CCS_EOR.pdf |website=www.midwesterngovernors.org |publisher=Midwestern Governors Association }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

An shirya Kamfanin Kemper don samun bututun mai mai mai nisan kilomita 60 don ɗaukar da aka kama zuwa tanadin mai makwabta don inganta dawo da mai.&lt;ref name=&quot;NETL&quot;/&gt; Kowace shekara, shuka za ta kama tan miliyan 3 na CO2.&lt;ref name=&quot;NETL&quot; /&gt; A watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, ''[[The Guardian]]'' ta wallafa cewa za a yi amfani da CO2 da aka karkatar zuwa kamfanoni biyu na Mississippi don amfani da shi don inganta dawo da mai.

== Bincike da ci gaba ==
Ma'aikatar Makamashi, Kamfanin Kudancin, da kamfanin gudanar da gine-gine KBR (Kellogg, Brown &amp; Root) sun shiga cikin Cibiyar Ci gaban Tsarin Wutar Lantarki (PSDF) a Wilsonville, Alabama don haɓaka tsarin da aka sani da Transport Integrated Gasification (TRIG). Wannan ci gaban ya fara ne a cikin shekara ta 1996, kuma ƙirar gas na Kamfanin Kudancin Kamfanin Kemper Coal ya dogara ne akan wannan takamaiman bincike da ci gaba. Fasahar ta fi tsada lokacin da ake amfani da abun ciki mai ƙarancin zafi, mai zafi mai yawa, ko manyan kwalba masu ƙanƙara, gami da lignite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kemper County IGCC Project - Draft Environmental Impact Statement |url=http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/nepapub/nepa_documents/RedDont/EIS-0409-DEIS-01-2009.pdf |access-date=June 3, 2014 |publisher=Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka, [[Sauya gurbatacciyar iskar gas|Gas]] ɗin kwal yana ba da ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa da tsabta don canza kwal zuwa wutar lantarki, Hydrogen, da sauran samfuran makamashi masu mahimmanci. Maimakon ƙone kwal kai tsaye, gasification (tsarin thermo-chemical) yana rushe kwal a cikin abubuwan sunadarai na asali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gasification Technologies R&amp;D |url=http://energy.gov/fe/science-innovation/clean-coal-research/gasification |access-date=June 3, 2014 |website=www.energy.gov |publisher=US Department of Energy}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fasahar sarrafa kwal zuwa gas a kan sikelin kasuwanci tana ci gaba tun daga shekarun 1970s, kuma ana amfani da ita tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1980.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Practical Experience Gained During the First Twenty Years of Operation of the Great Plains Gasification Plant and Implications for Future Projects |url=http://www.elmiraohio.com/Gasifier%20Docs/dg_knowledge_gained.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225221953/http://www.elmiraohio.com/Gasifier%20Docs/dg_knowledge_gained.pdf |archive-date=February 25, 2014 |access-date=June 3, 2014 |publisher=US Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fasahar TRIG, wacce aka samo daga ruwa'a masu fashewa da aka yi amfani da su a masana'antar man fetur, tana amfani da sashin gado mai rarraba. Tsarin jigilar gas yana da inganci mafi girma kuma yana iya sarrafa ƙananan kwal, kamar lignite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Coal Gasification Technologies |url=http://www.kbr.com/Technologies/Coal-Gasification/ |access-date=June 3, 2014 |publisher=KBR |archive-date=June 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624030948/http://www.kbr.com/Technologies/Coal-Gasification/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, ana iya tsara raka'a na TRIG na kasuwanci don cimma ƙa'idodin muhalli masu girma don sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hayakin ƙura, mercury, da [[carbon dioxide]]. Binciken farashi wanda ya danganci ƙirar Kemper Coal Plant ya nuna cewa fa'idodin tattalin arziki da aka bayar ta hanyar jigilar gas, dangi ga wasu tsarin, ana kiyaye su koda lokacin da aka haɗa hanyoyin kama carbon dioxide da kuma tsare su cikin ƙirar.

Mafi girman mai jigilar gas da aka gina har zuwa yau ya fara aiki a 1996 a PSDF na Kamfanin Kudancin. Gas da kayan aiki na taimako a shafin an tsara su don samar da bayanai masu aminci don daidaitaccen sikelin zuwa sikelin kasuwanci. Rukunin zanga-zangar ya kasance mai sauƙin aiki da sarrafawa, yana samun sama da awanni 15,600 na gasification. Mai nuna gas ɗin da ya samu nasarar samar da lignite mai zafi daga Red Hills Mine a Mississippi a cikin kamfen ɗin gwaji daban-daban guda huɗu don fiye da awanni 2,300 na aiki. A kan lignite, mai jigilar gas yana aiki a hankali a kan yanayi daban-daban, yana tabbatar da ƙirar gas ɗin don yankin Kemper.

== Batutuwan Shari'a ==
A watan Fabrairun 2015, Kotun Koli ta Mississippi ta yanke hukuncin cewa Mississippi Power dole ne ya mayar da masu biyan haraji 186,000 na Kudancin Mississippi don karuwar farashin da ke da alaƙa da aikin Kemper.  Wadannan kudaden sun samo asali ne daga Dokar Baseload ta Mississippi, wanda ke ba da damar Mississippi Power don cajin masu biyan kuɗi don wutar lantarki da ke cikin gini.

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2016, Kamfanin Kudancin da mataimakinsa na Mississippi Power sun ba da sanarwar cewa Hukumar Tsaro da Musayar ta bincika su da ke da alaƙa da wuce gona da iri a aikin Kemper. An jinkirta aikin sau da yawa kuma farashin ya karu daga dala biliyan 2.88 zuwa dala biliyan 6.7

A watan Yunin 2016, Treetop Midstream Services ta kai Mississippi Power karar kan soke kwangila don karɓar [[carbon dioxide]] daga Kemper Project a matsayin wani ɓangare na kama carbon da ƙirar ajiya. Treetop ya yi kwangila don sayen carbon dioxide daga masana'antar Kemper kuma ya gina bututun mai a shirye don karɓar gas. Treetop ya yi zargin cewa Mississippi Power ta yi zamba da kuma &quot;da gangan ya yi kuskure da kuma ɓoye ranar farawa&quot; don Kemper Project, kodayake Mississippi Power ta bayyana cewa karar ba ta da daraja.

An kuma gano cewa kamfanin ya kori wani mai ba da labari ba bisa ka'ida ba wanda ya soki zargin da ake yi na ƙarya da gudanarwar kamfanin.

== Rashin jituwa game da muhalli ==
Kungiyoyin muhalli suna jayayya cewa aikin aiki ne mai tsada wanda ke ba da fa'idodi kaɗan. A cikin shekara ta 2011, kungiyoyin Sierra Club da Bridge the Gulf sun jagoranci kokarin da za su yi wa Injiniyoyin Sojojin Amurka don hana izinin da ake buƙata, wanda Kamfanin Mississippi zai cika don gina kayan aikin shuka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Crashing the Kemper Coal Groundbreaking |url=http://bridgethegulfproject.org/node/217 |access-date=June 18, 2018 |publisher=Bridge The Gulf Project}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Babi na Mississippi na Sierra Club yana jayayya cewa wurin da aka shirya don gina kayan aikin yana buƙatar a bar shi kadai. Suna jayayya cewa matsayin wuraren a kan wuri mai laushi zai gurɓata muhalli tare da ruwan da ya gurɓata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mississippi Issues |url=https://mississippi.sierraclub.org/issues/kempercountycoal.html |access-date=May 26, 2014 |website=Sierra Club Mississippi Chapter |archive-date=December 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225060227/https://mississippi.sierraclub.org/issues/kempercountycoal.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, sun yi imanin cewa cire lignite zai lalata muhalli kuma ya tilasta ƙaura da yawa daga cikin Mississippians. Ayyukan gine-gine na ragewa sun haɗa da haɓaka kadada 31 na filayen ruwa, kadada 105 na buffer na kogi, da kuma kimanin ƙafa 3,000 na tashar rafi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IGCC Power Plant and Linear Facilities |url=http://www.eco-systemsinc.com/projects/igcc-power-plant/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222071511/http://www.eco-systemsinc.com/projects/igcc-power-plant/ |archive-date=2013-02-22 |publisher=Eco-Systems}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Electrical Power Generating Facility Assessments, Permitting, Mitigation, Restoration, Stormwater Management, and Monitoring of Macroinvertebrates, Fish, Streams, and Wetlands |url=https://allenes.com/electrical-power-generating-facility-assessments-permitting-mitigation-restoration-stormwater-management-and-monitoring-of-macroinvertebrates-fish-streams-and-wetlands/ |access-date=June 18, 2018 |publisher=Allen Engineering &amp; Science |archive-date=June 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618102449/https://allenes.com/electrical-power-generating-facility-assessments-permitting-mitigation-restoration-stormwater-management-and-monitoring-of-macroinvertebrates-fish-streams-and-wetlands/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin yarjejeniya tare da birnin Meridian, shuka tana amfani da ruwan sharar gida a matsayin tushen ruwa kawai. Bugu da ƙari, shafin yanar gizon Kemper shine wurin fitar da ruwa &quot;zero&quot;. Sabili da haka, babu ruwan da aka sarrafa daga shuka da aka zubar cikin koguna, koguna ko rafi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Save Money and Energy |url=http://www.mississippipower.com/kemper/environmental-benefits.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701214222/http://www.mississippipower.com/kemper/environmental-benefits.asp |archive-date=July 1, 2014 |access-date=June 18, 2018 |publisher=Mississippi Power - A Southern Company}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rashin jituwa na siyasa ==
Gwamnan Mississippi Haley Barbour ya yaba da yiwuwar aikin da aka tsara na sanya Mississippi a cikin matsayi na kasa, galibi saboda zai zama tashar wutar lantarki ta farko ta Amurka don kama carbon. Bugu da ƙari, tsohon Kakakin majalisar Newt Gingrich ya nuna goyon bayansa ga Kemper Project, yana mai cewa a ra'ayinsa yana da damar zama mafi mahimmancin gwaji a ci gaban wutar lantarki a duniya a yau. Kalmomin ƙarshe na Gingrich na ƙarfafawa ga Kemper Project da jihar Mississippi: &quot;Kana da damar zama jagora mai ban mamaki a kasar a cikin shekaru 10 zuwa 20 masu zuwa. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Chip |date=December 6, 2013 |title=Newt Gingrich Supports Kemper Coal Plant at Governor's Energy SummitNews Mississippi |url=http://www.newsms.fm/newt-gingrich-supports-kemper-coal-plant-energy-summit/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306223536/http://www.newsms.fm/newt-gingrich-supports-kemper-coal-plant-energy-summit/ |archive-date=March 6, 2014 |access-date=May 26, 2014 |website=Newsms}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aikin Kemper ya sami kimanin dala miliyan 270 a cikin kudaden Ma'aikatar Makamashi bayan shirin Kamfanin Kudancin don shirin Orlando Gasification Project da aka tsara ya ɓace lokacin da [[Florida]] ta yanke shawarar cewa jihar ba ta da sha'awar ƙarin shuke-shuke na kwal. Wadannan kudaden da aka canja sun koma daga Florida zuwa Mississippi a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008, bayan kamfanin Haley Barbour na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]], BGR Group, ya tura don sake rarraba.&lt;ref name=&quot;McCullough&quot; /&gt; Kamfanin Kudancin ya kasance abokin ciniki na BGR tun 1999, bayan ya kashe jimlar dala miliyan 2.6 tare da kamfanin, bisa ga takardun bayyanawa na tarayya.&lt;ref name=&quot;McCullough&quot; /&gt; Kamfanin Kudancin ya yi zargin cewa Gwamna Barbour bai taimaka musu samun ƙarin kuɗi ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;McCullough&quot; /&gt; Gidan yanar gizon BGR Group ya share duk haɗin tare da Kamfanin Kudancin daga shafin yanar gizon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 4, 2010 |title=BGR website has changed since MBJ Barbour/Kemper story was published |url=http://msbusiness.com/blog/2010/05/bgr-website-has-changed-since-mbj-barbourkemper-story/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100521011450/http://msbusiness.com/blog/2010/05/bgr-website-has-changed-since-mbj-barbourkemper-story/ |archive-date=May 21, 2010 |access-date=June 18, 2018 |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An canza dokar jihar Mississippi don ba da izinin masu biyan haraji don gina kayan aikin. A cikin 2017 Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a ta Mississippi ta ba da shawarar cewa wurin ya ƙone iskar gas maimakon syngas daga kwal don kauce wa haɗarin ƙarin ƙaruwar masu amfani.

Shirin ya rasa duk manufofinsa kuma an watsar da shirye-shiryen ƙarni na &quot;mai tsabta&quot; a watan Yulin 2017. Ana sa ran shuka za ta ci gaba da ƙone iskar gas kawai.

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Sunitha Krishnan</title>
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'''Sunitha Krishnan''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1972) 'yar gwagwarmayar zamantakewar al'umma ce ta Indiya kuma babban ma'aikaci kuma co-kafa Prajwala, kungiya mai zaman kanta wacce ke ceto, gyarawa da sake dawo da wadanda aka yi wa fataucin jima'i a cikin al'umma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashoka&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sunitha Krishnan |url=https://www.ashoka.org/node/2645 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062433/https://www.ashoka.org/node/2645 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |publisher=Ashoka India}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba ta lambar yabo ta huɗu mafi girma ta farar hula a Indiya Padma Shri a shekarar 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 January 2016 |title=Laxma Goud gets long-overdue Padma |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/current-affairs/260116/laxma-goud-gets-long-overdue-padma.html |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Krishnan ne a [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]], ga iyayen Palakkad [[Malayalam|Malayali]] Raju Krishnan da Nalini Krishnan .  Ta ga mafi yawan kasar tun da wuri yayin da take tafiya daga wuri zuwa wani tare da mahaifinta, wanda ya yi aiki tare da Ma'aikatar Bincike wanda ke yin taswira ga duk ƙasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashoka&quot;/&gt;

Sha'awar Krishnan ga aikin zamantakewa ta bayyana lokacin da, tana da shekaru takwas, ta fara koyar da rawa ga yara masu fama da ƙwarewa. Lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha biyu, tana gudanar da makarantu a cikin unguwanni don yara marasa galihu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hindu2011&quot; /&gt; A lokacin da yake da shekaru goma sha biyar, yayin da yake aiki a kan kamfen na ilimin karatu da rubutu ga al'ummar Dalit, maza takwas ne suka yi wa Krishnan fyade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-04-08 |title=The Ugly Truth: Has A Disha (Hope) |url=http://www.lcahouston.com/2011/04/the-ugly-truth-has-a-disha-hope |access-date=2011-04-08 |publisher=Houston South Asian Lifestyle Society News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba sa son cewa mace tana tsoma baki da abin da suka ce &quot;al'ummar namiji&quot;. Sun doke ta sosai har ta kasance kurma a kunne daya. Wannan abin da ya faru ya zama abin da ya sa ta yi a yau.&lt;ref name=&quot;Herald 283&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Woman of Steel |url=http://www.heraldofindia.com/achiever.php?id=283 |publisher=The Herald of India |access-date=2025-07-29 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225170048/http://www.heraldofindia.com/achiever.php?id=283 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Krishnan ya yi karatu a makarantun gwamnati ta tsakiya a [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]] da Bhutan . Bayan samun digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar muhalli daga Kwalejin St. Joseph da ke Bangalore, Krishnan ta kammala MSW (na likita da na kwakwalwa) a Makarantar Ayyukan Jama'a ta Roshni Nilaya, Mangalore . &lt;ref name=&quot;Herald 283&quot;/&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Krishnan ya yanke shawarar komawa [[Hyderabad]], don shiga PIN a matsayin mai tsara shirin ga matasa mata. Ba da daɗewa ba Krishnan ya shiga cikin matsalolin gidaje na mazauna ƙauyuka. Lokacin da aka shirya gidajen mutanen da ke zaune a kusa da Kogin Musi na birnin don a rushe su don aikin &quot;kyakkyawan&quot;, ta shiga yakin neman 'yancin gidaje na PIN, ta shirya zanga-zangar kuma ta dakatar da shirin. A Hyderabad ne ta sadu da Brother Jose Vetticatil, wanda a lokacin shi ne Darakta na Boys&quot; Town, Cibiyar Katolika da Montfort Brothers na St. Gabriel ke gudanarwa, wanda ya farfado da kuma horar da matasa da ke cikin haɗari ta hanyar samar musu da ƙwarewar sana'a wanda ya kawo musu kyawawan ayyuka a Indiya da ƙasashen waje  Wannan ya kasance a cikin 1996.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reader’s Digest Asia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=India's Sex Industry: She saves the innocent and pursues the guilty |url=http://www.rdasia.com/india-sex-industry |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822210749/http://www.rdasia.com/india-sex-industry |archive-date=22 August 2016 |access-date=2010-09-14 |publisher=Reader’s Digest Asia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Prajwala ===
A shekara ta 1996, an kwashe ma'aikatan jima'i da ke zaune a Mehboob ki Mehandi, wani yanki mai haske a Hyderabad. A sakamakon haka, dubban mata, waɗanda aka kama a cikin karuwanci, sun bar marasa gida. Bayan ya sami mutum mai tunani iri ɗaya a cikin Ɗan'uwa Jose Vetticatil, mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje, Krishnan ya fara makarantar sauyawa a gidan karuwai da aka bar don hana ƙarni na biyu daga fataucin mutane. A farkon shekarunta, Krishnan ta sayar da kayan ado har ma da mafi yawan kayan gidanta don samun kuɗi a Prajwala.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reader’s Digest Asia&quot;/&gt;

A yau, Prajwala yana tsaye a kan ginshiƙai biyar: rigakafi, ceto, farfadowa, sake hadewa da kuma bayar da shawarwari. Kungiyar tana ba da tallafin ɗabi'a, kudi, shari'a da zamantakewa ga waɗanda abin ya shafa kuma tana tabbatar da cewa ana gabatar da masu aikata laifin a gaban shari'a. Har zuwa yau, Prajwala ta ceci, ta farfado, ko ta yi wa mutane sama da 28,600 da suka tsira daga fataucin jima'i, kuma girman ayyukansu ya sa su zama mafaka mafi girma a duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nerves of Steel |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/Nerves-of-steel/2013/09/22/article1793955.ece#.UyAnHj-SzXR |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925050943/http://newindianexpress.com/magazine/Nerves-of-steel/2013/09/22/article1793955.ece#.UyAnHj-SzXR |archive-date=25 September 2013 |access-date=2013-09-22 |publisher=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 February 2013 |title=She's Every Woman |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/shes-every-woman/1/250981.html |access-date=2013-02-20 |publisher=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Translating Anger to Action to End Violence Against Women in India |url=http://www.vitalvoices.org/node/3471 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140316104014/http://www.vitalvoices.org/node/3471 |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=2 May 2014 |publisher=Vital Voices}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Gidan ajiyar makamashi da kyakkyawan fata da ita ce, sha'awar Ms. Krishnan tana da sauƙin shafawa ga waɗanda ke kewaye da ita. A matsayinta na tsohuwar abokin aiki, ta ce, &quot;Aiki tare da Sunitha kamar kwarewar ilmantarwa ce ta kullum, tare da kalubalen da take yi, tana ƙarfafa ma'aikatan su yi amfani da damar su. Ba wai kawai tana saka idanu ba har ma tana ba da shawara ga ma'aikatanta a duk fannoni na aiki da rayuwa.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Shirin rigakafin &quot;tsara ta biyu&quot; na kungiyar yana aiki a cibiyoyin sauyawa 17 kuma ya taimaka wajen hana dubban yara na uwaye masu karuwanci shiga kasuwancin nama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2007-01-05 |title=Sunitha Krishnan, episode no 1019 |url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2007/01/05/january-5-2007-sunitha-krishnan/3767/ |access-date=2007-01-05 |publisher=PBS Religion and Ethics Newsweekly}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prajwala kuma tana aiki da gidan mafaka ga yara da aka ceto da kuma manya wadanda ke fama da fataucin jima'i, da yawa daga cikinsu suna da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 August 2011 |title=A Home Away From Home - Prajwala Therapeutic Community |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YziMgRL8UZM |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711224841/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YziMgRL8UZM |archive-date=2014-07-11 |access-date=2011-08-05 |website=[[YouTube]] }}&lt;/ref&gt; Krishnan ba wai kawai yana jagorantar waɗannan shiga tsakani ba, har ma ya jagoranci shirin farfado da tattalin arziki wanda ke horar da waɗanda suka tsira a cikin masassaƙa, walda, bugawa, masonry da aikin gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Innovative Activists Save Trafficking Victims in Jordan and India |url=http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2009/06/20090609155714ajesrom4.254657e-02.html#axzz2vdhun5SR |access-date=2009-06-16 |publisher=United States Embassy – IIP Digital |archive-date=2014-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316135827/http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2009/06/20090609155714ajesrom4.254657e-02.html#axzz2vdhun5SR |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Prajwala tana da ma'aikata sama da 200, amma Krishnan tana gudanar da kungiyar a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa na cikakken lokaci - shawarar da ta yanke tun da wuri a rayuwarta. Tana tallafa wa kanta, tare da taimakon mijinta, ta hanyar rubuta littattafai da ba da jawabai da tarurruka game da fataucin mutane a duk duniya. Ta auri Mista Rajesh Touchriver, mai shirya fina-finai na Indiya, darektan fasaha da marubucin rubutun, wanda ya yi fina-fakkaatu da yawa tare da Prajwala. Ɗaya daga cikin fina-finai, ''Anamika'', yanzu yana cikin tsarin karatun Kwalejin 'Yan Sanda ta Kasa,  yayin da wani ''Naa Bangaaru Talli'' ya lashe lambar yabo ta kasa 3 a shekarar 2014. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-04-17 |title=Naa Bangaru Talli Bags 3 Awards |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140417/entertainment-tollywood/article/naa-bangaru-talli-bags-3-awards |access-date=2014-04-14 |publisher=The Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manufofin zamantakewa ===
A shekara ta 2003, Krishnan ya tsara shawarwari don farfado da wadanda ke fama da fataucin jima'i a [[Andhra Pradesh]], wanda Gwamnatin Jihar ta zartar da su a matsayin Manufar Ceto da Gyara wadanda ke fama leken fataucin don cin zarafin jima'i na kasuwanci vide GO MS 1.

An nada Ms. Krishnan a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga manufofin Nirbhaya na Gwamnatin [[Kerala]] don Mata da Yara don yaki da cin zarafin jima'i da fataucin mutane a cikin 2011. Shirin, wanda Krishnan ya tsara shi da farko, sassan gwamnati daban-daban ne suka tsara shi kamar jin dadin jama'a, SC / ST, 'yan sanda, kiwon lafiya, aiki da gwamnati mai zaman kanta ta gida tare da hadin gwiwar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sunitha Krishnan: Advisor for Kerala women's Project |url=http://www.keralawomen.gov.in/index.php/headlines/270-sunitha-krishnan-advisor-for-kerala-women-s-project-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003134023/http://www.keralawomen.gov.in/index.php/headlines/270-sunitha-krishnan-advisor-for-kerala-women-s-project-1 |archive-date=3 October 2019 |access-date=2013-01-21 |publisher=Kerala Women}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, ta yi murabus daga wannan matsayi mai ba da shawara a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta 2014, tana nuna baƙin ciki da takaici game da rashin niyyar siyasa don aiwatar da manufofin Nirbhaya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2014 |title=Nirbhaya project adviser Sunitha Krishnan resigns |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/Nirbhaya-project-adviser-Sunitha-Krishnan-resigns/articleshow/39667075.cms |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Maris na shekara ta 2015, a cikin &quot;motsi na tuba&quot; gwamnati ta sake dawo da Sunitha Krishnan zuwa shirin Nirbhaya ta hanyar ba ta karin ikon yanke shawara ta hanyar matsayin Darakta Mai Girma&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=Sunitha Krishnan Reinducted |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Sunitha-Krishnan-Reinducted/2015/03/15/article2713927.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128220503/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Sunitha-Krishnan-Reinducted/2015/03/15/article2713927.ece |archive-date=28 November 2015 |publisher=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Amurka, Ms. Krishnan ta sadu da dakunan taro cike da dalibai don wayar da kan jama'a, gargadi su game da shiga cikin masana'antar da kuma karfafa sabon gwagwarmaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Indian Activist Warns Teens About Sex Trafficking |url=http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=34b15b208f46187a371ddda12eca34b9 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927175234/http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=34b15b208f46187a371ddda12eca34b9 |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=2006-12-27 |publisher=New American Media}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba wai kawai ta jagoranci kamfen na farko na Jihar da ke yaki da fataucin jima'i da aka yi niyya ga 'yan mata matasa tare da hadin gwiwar gwamnatin Jihar da hukumomin tallafin kasa da kasa daban-daban ba, amma kuma ta kaddamar da kamfen ɗin Maza da Bukatar tare da taken &quot;Mazauna Gaskiya Kada ku Sayi Jima' wanda ya kai mutane biliyan 1.8 a duk duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Translating Anger to Action to End Violence Against Women in India |url=http://www.vitalvoices.org/node/3471 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140316104014/http://www.vitalvoices.org/node/3471 |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=2 May 2014 |publisher=Vital Voices}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An kuma nada ta a matsayin memba na Hukumar Mata ta Jihar Andhra Pradesh &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Defunct Andhra Pradesh Women's Commission Reconstituted |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/defunct-andhra-pradesh-women-s-commission-reconstituted-374843 |access-date=2013-06-03 |publisher=NDTV}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta ba da gudummawa ga sabon Dokar Indiya kan Rape, wanda aka zartar a Majalisar a 2013 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Why Even Rapists Deserve Due Process |url=http://www.tehelka.com/why-even-rapists-deserve-due-process/?singlepage=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316141318/http://www.tehelka.com/why-even-rapists-deserve-due-process/?singlepage=1 |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=2013-01-26 |publisher=Tehelka}}&lt;/ref&gt; don kara matakan azabtarwa don cin zarafin jima'i da hari. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Prajwala: December 2013 Monthly Newsletter |url=http://www.karmayog.in/nl/sites/default/files/Jan14/Prajwala%20Newsletter%20-%20December%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508100902/http://www.karmayog.in/nl/sites/default/files/Jan14/Prajwala%20Newsletter%20-%20December%202013.pdf |archive-date=8 May 2016 |access-date=2 May 2014 |publisher=Karmayog}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fari a Turkiyya</title>
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      <text bytes="14295" sha1="nssj56ti9dwd1w60zqfyqcn05kxixsf" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kızılırmak_Delta_drought.jpg|thumb|Kızılırmak Delta Janairu 2021]]
'''fari''' ya zama ruwan dare a '''[[Turkiyya]]''', musamman a kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar, tare da Shekara ta 2021 kasancewa mafi bushewa a cikin shekaru ashirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2021 was the driest year in two decades in Turkey |url=https://bianet.org/english/environment/255143-2021-was-the-driest-year-in-two-decades-in-turkey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana hasashen fari zai faru akai-akai saboda Canjin yanayi, kuma 2023 ya fara da fari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Istanbul may experience its warmest January: Experts |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-may-experience-its-warmest-january-experts-180181 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin asarar ruwa shine saboda rashin ban ruwa. A cikin 2022 Bankin Duniya ya ce &quot;ba tare da sake fasalin ba, faduwar 10% a samar da ruwa a Turkiyya na iya rage GDP da kashi 6%&quot;. : 11 : 11 

== Yanayi ==

=== Yanayin yanayi ===
Yawancin [[Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya|yanayin Turkiyya]] a cikin ciki yanayi ne mai tsaka-tsaki kuma a kudanci da yammacin bakin teku Yanayin Bahar Rum wanda ke nuna fari na rani. Yanayin Turkiyya yana shafar oscillation na Arewacin Atlantic (NAO), da Cibiyar Circulation Index na Bahar Rum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Topuz |first=Muhammet |last2=Feidas |first2=Haralambos |last3=Karabulut |first3=Murat |date=2020 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation data in Turkey and relations to atmospheric circulation: (1955–2013) |url=https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/view/887 |journal=Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |language=en |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.13128/ijam-887 |issn=2038-5625}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Cibiyar Oscillation ta Kudancin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harisuseno |first=Donny |date=1 October 2020 |title=Meteorological Drought and its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |url=https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/2410 |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1864–1875 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091588 |issn=2476-3055 |s2cid=222333797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Canjin yanayi ===
Saboda [[Canjin yanayi]], ana hasashen matsanancin fari da karancin ruwa za su karu,  misali a Lardin Ankara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey |url=https://www.metu.edu.tr/tr/yayin/climate-change-impact-assessment-mild-and-extreme-drought-events-using-copulas-over-ankara |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=ODTÜ – Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Sassan ƙasar sun bushe ko kuma sun zama bushe. Tsakanin 1931 da 2010 matsanancin fari ya faru a cikin 3% na ƙasar, matsanancin fari a cikin 4% da matsakaiciyar fari a cikin 7% .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dabanlı |first=İsmail |last2=Mishra |first2=Ashok K. |last3=Şen |first3=Zekai |date=1 September 2017 |title=Long-term spatio-temporal drought variability in Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417305024 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=552 |pages=779–792 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.038 |issn=0022-1694 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi karancin ru[[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] Turkiyya yana kusa da TaTafkin Tuz kusan 35 cm a kowace shekara. [2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Fulya |last2=Erlat |first2=Ecmel |last3=Türkeş |first3=Murat |date=1 June 2020 |title=Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |journal=Regional Environmental Change |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=68 |doi=10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |issn=1436-378X |s2cid=219175790 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban fari ==
Wani fari mai tsanani ya yi daidai da rushewar Daular Hittte a kusa da 1198-1196 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Sturt W. |last2=Kocik |first2=Cindy |last3=Lorentzen |first3=Brita |last4=Sparks |first4=Jed P. |date=February 2023 |title=Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05693-y |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=719–724 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9946833 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma kwanan nan a cikin 1804, 1876, 1928,  kuma sau da yawa tun daga shekarun 1970s. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Droughts in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/droughts/ |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin fari mai tsanani na baya-bayan nan ===

==== 2007–2008 ====
Tsakanin Disamba 2006 da Disamba 2008 akwai karancin hunturu da ruwan sama na kaka. Rashin ruwa, aikin gona da zamantakewar al'umma ya samo asali ne saboda fari na yanayi. An lura da asarar kayayyakin noma, rashin isasshen ruwa a sama da ƙasa da ruwa a karkashin kasa, rashin isassara da raguwa a cikin ruwan sha a manyan birane kamar [[Ankara]] da [[Istanbul]]. Rashin ruwa ya fi shafar yankunan Aegean, Marmara, Bahar Rum da Anatolia ta Tsakiya. An ba da ruwan sha daga Kogin Kızılırmak zuwa Ankara da kuma daga Melen Stream zuwa Istanbul . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2013–2014 ====
Rashin fari na Gabas da Tsakiyar Anatolia na 2012 tare da fari na lokacin rani na Yanayin Bahar Rum, an fuskanci shi a matsayin matsakaici da mummunan fari a mafi yawan ƙasar a cikin 2013. Jimlar ruwan sama tsakanin 1 ga Oktoba 2013 da 17 ga Janairu 2014 ya kasance kusan rabin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma 37% a ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2020–2021 ====
[[Fayil:Turkey_drought_soil_moisture.jpg|thumb|Ruwa a cikin tushen yankin - saman mita na ƙasa - a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2021. Jar mai duhu yana nuna kasa da 2% na danshi.]]
Ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, kuma musamman rabin rabin shekara ta 2020, kuma fari yafi tasiri ga aikin noma a Turkiyya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210142540/https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda manyan tafkunan birni sun sami ruwan sama kafin su ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=GDO Analytical Report: Drought in Turkey |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/gdo-analytical-report-drought-turkey-january-2021 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin hamada ==
Fiye da kashi 60% (51.5 mil. ha) na yankunan da ke da damuwa game da muhalli suna da rauni kuma suna da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Uzuner |first=Çağlar |last2=Dengiz |first2=Orhan |date=1 July 2020 |title=Desertification risk assessment in Turkey based on environmentally sensitive areas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20302326 |journal=Ecological Indicators |language=en |volume=114 |pages=106295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106295 |issn=1470-160X |s2cid=216267688 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rage tabkuna na iya zama saboda rage ruwan sama yana cikin ɓangaren Canjin yanayi, da kuma karuwar amfani da ruwa ta hanyar noma.

== Aikin noma ==
Girbi a Lardin Konya ya shafa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Better irrigation saves water, energy in Turkish grain hub Konya |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/better-irrigation-saves-water-energy-in-turkish-grain-hub-konya/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da ruwa ana amfani da shi don [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa|ban ruwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mafi yawan asarar ruwa saboda rashin ban ruwa ne, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor irrigation main cause of water loss, data shows – Turkey News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/poor-irrigation-main-cause-of-water-loss-data-shows-161461 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa mai yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
There are about 1500 cubic meters per person per year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ &quot;Fresh water resources in Turkey&quot;]. ''Climatechangepost.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Based to the Falkenmark Index, Turkey is ‘water stressed’ since it has 1,000-1,500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water potential per person per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Use in Turkey |url=https://water.fanack.com/turkey/water-use-in-turkey/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Fanack Water |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Precipitation can be measured by satellite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aksu |first=Hakan |last2=Akgül |first2=Mehmet Ali |date=1 October 2020 |title=Performance evaluation of CHIRPS satellite precipitation estimates over Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |language=en |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |doi=10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |issn=1434-4483 |s2cid=220062259 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfani da ruwa ==
Hydroelectricity a Turkiyya ya ragu ta hanyar canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bulut |first=U. |last2=Sakalli |first2=A. |year=2021 |title=Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1032/1/012043/meta |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=1032 |page=012043 |doi=10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012043 |s2cid=234299802 |access-date=29 March 2021 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Kungiyar Manufofin Ruwa rabin ruwan da aka nufa don bututun ruwa ya ɓace zuwa leaks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Is Turkey a water-hoarding bogeyman or yet another nation struggling with water scarcity? |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/is-turkey-a-water-hoarding-bogeyman-or-yet-another-nation-struggling-with-water-scarcity-1.1230551 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar TEMA ana cinye tan miliyan 4 a rana don hakar kwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2021-11-03 |title=Coal mining key contributor to water crisis: Turkish NGO |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/coal-mining-key-contributor-to-water-crisis-turkish-ngo/news |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na 2023 ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da karuwar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Lucia |date=2023-08-08 |title=Global hydropower generation to fall in 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/global-hydropower-generation-to-fall-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyoyin da aka ba da izini don yaki da fari sun haɗa da mafi kyawun kariya ga kogin kogi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Strategy and Action Plans |url=https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Links/11/Strategy-And-Action-Plans |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.tarimorman.gov.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; gina madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ateş |first=Hazal |date=14 December 2020 |title=Turkey's action plan to fight drought focuses on saving water sources |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkeys-action-plan-to-fight-drought-focuses-on-saving-water-sources/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Girbi ruwan sama]], amfani da [[Grey water|ruwan toka]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Rain harvesting, gray water can solve Turkey's drought: Expert |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/rain-harvesting-gray-water-can-solve-turkeys-drought-expert |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da addu'a don ruwan sama. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="14306" sha1="byruotdbtvpyaevcyi5dvi5g5umy968" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kızılırmak_Delta_drought.jpg|thumb|Kızılırmak Delta Janairu Shekara ta 2021]]
'''fari''' ya zama ruwan dare a '''[[Turkiyya]]''', musamman a kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar, tare da Shekara ta 2021 kasancewa mafi bushewa a cikin shekaru ashirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2021 was the driest year in two decades in Turkey |url=https://bianet.org/english/environment/255143-2021-was-the-driest-year-in-two-decades-in-turkey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana hasashen fari zai faru akai-akai saboda Canjin yanayi, kuma 2023 ya fara da fari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Istanbul may experience its warmest January: Experts |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-may-experience-its-warmest-january-experts-180181 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin asarar ruwa shine saboda rashin ban ruwa. A cikin 2022 Bankin Duniya ya ce &quot;ba tare da sake fasalin ba, faduwar 10% a samar da ruwa a Turkiyya na iya rage GDP da kashi 6%&quot;. : 11 : 11 

== Yanayi ==

=== Yanayin yanayi ===
Yawancin [[Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya|yanayin Turkiyya]] a cikin ciki yanayi ne mai tsaka-tsaki kuma a kudanci da yammacin bakin teku Yanayin Bahar Rum wanda ke nuna fari na rani. Yanayin Turkiyya yana shafar oscillation na Arewacin Atlantic (NAO), da Cibiyar Circulation Index na Bahar Rum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Topuz |first=Muhammet |last2=Feidas |first2=Haralambos |last3=Karabulut |first3=Murat |date=2020 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation data in Turkey and relations to atmospheric circulation: (1955–2013) |url=https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/view/887 |journal=Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |language=en |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.13128/ijam-887 |issn=2038-5625}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Cibiyar Oscillation ta Kudancin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harisuseno |first=Donny |date=1 October 2020 |title=Meteorological Drought and its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |url=https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/2410 |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1864–1875 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091588 |issn=2476-3055 |s2cid=222333797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Canjin yanayi ===
Saboda [[Canjin yanayi]], ana hasashen matsanancin fari da karancin ruwa za su karu,  misali a Lardin Ankara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey |url=https://www.metu.edu.tr/tr/yayin/climate-change-impact-assessment-mild-and-extreme-drought-events-using-copulas-over-ankara |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=ODTÜ – Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Sassan ƙasar sun bushe ko kuma sun zama bushe. Tsakanin 1931 da 2010 matsanancin fari ya faru a cikin 3% na ƙasar, matsanancin fari a cikin 4% da matsakaiciyar fari a cikin 7% .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dabanlı |first=İsmail |last2=Mishra |first2=Ashok K. |last3=Şen |first3=Zekai |date=1 September 2017 |title=Long-term spatio-temporal drought variability in Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417305024 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=552 |pages=779–792 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.038 |issn=0022-1694 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi karancin ru[[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] Turkiyya yana kusa da TaTafkin Tuz kusan 35 cm a kowace shekara. [2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Fulya |last2=Erlat |first2=Ecmel |last3=Türkeş |first3=Murat |date=1 June 2020 |title=Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |journal=Regional Environmental Change |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=68 |doi=10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |issn=1436-378X |s2cid=219175790 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban fari ==
Wani fari mai tsanani ya yi daidai da rushewar Daular Hittte a kusa da 1198-1196 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Sturt W. |last2=Kocik |first2=Cindy |last3=Lorentzen |first3=Brita |last4=Sparks |first4=Jed P. |date=February 2023 |title=Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05693-y |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=719–724 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9946833 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma kwanan nan a cikin 1804, 1876, 1928,  kuma sau da yawa tun daga shekarun 1970s. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Droughts in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/droughts/ |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin fari mai tsanani na baya-bayan nan ===

==== 2007–2008 ====
Tsakanin Disamba 2006 da Disamba 2008 akwai karancin hunturu da ruwan sama na kaka. Rashin ruwa, aikin gona da zamantakewar al'umma ya samo asali ne saboda fari na yanayi. An lura da asarar kayayyakin noma, rashin isasshen ruwa a sama da ƙasa da ruwa a karkashin kasa, rashin isassara da raguwa a cikin ruwan sha a manyan birane kamar [[Ankara]] da [[Istanbul]]. Rashin ruwa ya fi shafar yankunan Aegean, Marmara, Bahar Rum da Anatolia ta Tsakiya. An ba da ruwan sha daga Kogin Kızılırmak zuwa Ankara da kuma daga Melen Stream zuwa Istanbul . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2013–2014 ====
Rashin fari na Gabas da Tsakiyar Anatolia na 2012 tare da fari na lokacin rani na Yanayin Bahar Rum, an fuskanci shi a matsayin matsakaici da mummunan fari a mafi yawan ƙasar a cikin 2013. Jimlar ruwan sama tsakanin 1 ga Oktoba 2013 da 17 ga Janairu 2014 ya kasance kusan rabin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma 37% a ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2020–2021 ====
[[Fayil:Turkey_drought_soil_moisture.jpg|thumb|Ruwa a cikin tushen yankin - saman mita na ƙasa - a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2021. Jar mai duhu yana nuna kasa da 2% na danshi.]]
Ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, kuma musamman rabin rabin shekara ta 2020, kuma fari yafi tasiri ga aikin noma a Turkiyya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210142540/https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda manyan tafkunan birni sun sami ruwan sama kafin su ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=GDO Analytical Report: Drought in Turkey |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/gdo-analytical-report-drought-turkey-january-2021 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin hamada ==
Fiye da kashi 60% (51.5 mil. ha) na yankunan da ke da damuwa game da muhalli suna da rauni kuma suna da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Uzuner |first=Çağlar |last2=Dengiz |first2=Orhan |date=1 July 2020 |title=Desertification risk assessment in Turkey based on environmentally sensitive areas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20302326 |journal=Ecological Indicators |language=en |volume=114 |pages=106295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106295 |issn=1470-160X |s2cid=216267688 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rage tabkuna na iya zama saboda rage ruwan sama yana cikin ɓangaren Canjin yanayi, da kuma karuwar amfani da ruwa ta hanyar noma.

== Aikin noma ==
Girbi a Lardin Konya ya shafa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Better irrigation saves water, energy in Turkish grain hub Konya |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/better-irrigation-saves-water-energy-in-turkish-grain-hub-konya/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da ruwa ana amfani da shi don [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa|ban ruwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mafi yawan asarar ruwa saboda rashin ban ruwa ne, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor irrigation main cause of water loss, data shows – Turkey News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/poor-irrigation-main-cause-of-water-loss-data-shows-161461 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa mai yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
There are about 1500 cubic meters per person per year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ &quot;Fresh water resources in Turkey&quot;]. ''Climatechangepost.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Based to the Falkenmark Index, Turkey is ‘water stressed’ since it has 1,000-1,500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water potential per person per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Use in Turkey |url=https://water.fanack.com/turkey/water-use-in-turkey/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Fanack Water |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Precipitation can be measured by satellite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aksu |first=Hakan |last2=Akgül |first2=Mehmet Ali |date=1 October 2020 |title=Performance evaluation of CHIRPS satellite precipitation estimates over Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |language=en |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |doi=10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |issn=1434-4483 |s2cid=220062259 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfani da ruwa ==
Hydroelectricity a Turkiyya ya ragu ta hanyar canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bulut |first=U. |last2=Sakalli |first2=A. |year=2021 |title=Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1032/1/012043/meta |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=1032 |page=012043 |doi=10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012043 |s2cid=234299802 |access-date=29 March 2021 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Kungiyar Manufofin Ruwa rabin ruwan da aka nufa don bututun ruwa ya ɓace zuwa leaks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Is Turkey a water-hoarding bogeyman or yet another nation struggling with water scarcity? |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/is-turkey-a-water-hoarding-bogeyman-or-yet-another-nation-struggling-with-water-scarcity-1.1230551 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar TEMA ana cinye tan miliyan 4 a rana don hakar kwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2021-11-03 |title=Coal mining key contributor to water crisis: Turkish NGO |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/coal-mining-key-contributor-to-water-crisis-turkish-ngo/news |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na 2023 ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da karuwar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Lucia |date=2023-08-08 |title=Global hydropower generation to fall in 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/global-hydropower-generation-to-fall-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyoyin da aka ba da izini don yaki da fari sun haɗa da mafi kyawun kariya ga kogin kogi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Strategy and Action Plans |url=https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Links/11/Strategy-And-Action-Plans |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.tarimorman.gov.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; gina madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ateş |first=Hazal |date=14 December 2020 |title=Turkey's action plan to fight drought focuses on saving water sources |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkeys-action-plan-to-fight-drought-focuses-on-saving-water-sources/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Girbi ruwan sama]], amfani da [[Grey water|ruwan toka]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Rain harvesting, gray water can solve Turkey's drought: Expert |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/rain-harvesting-gray-water-can-solve-turkeys-drought-expert |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da addu'a don ruwan sama. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>byruotdbtvpyaevcyi5dvi5g5umy968</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>893048</id>
      <parentid>893044</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:19:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Hon.Mubarak</username>
        <id>45736</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893048</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14316" sha1="t6hfgo9krcs84avb0dfmhzpwtrecz2q" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kızılırmak_Delta_drought.jpg|thumb|Kızılırmak Delta Janairu Shekara ta 2021]]
'''fari''' ya zama ruwan dare a '''[[Turkiyya]]''', musamman a kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar, tare da Shekara ta 2021 kasancewa mafi bushewa a cikin shekaru ashirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2021 was the driest year in two decades in Turkey |url=https://bianet.org/english/environment/255143-2021-was-the-driest-year-in-two-decades-in-turkey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana hasashen fari zai faru akai-akai saboda Canjin yanayi, kumaA shekarar 2023 ya fara da fari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Istanbul may experience its warmest January: Experts |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-may-experience-its-warmest-january-experts-180181 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin asarar ruwa shine saboda rashin ban ruwa. A cikin 2022 Bankin Duniya ya ce &quot;ba tare da sake fasalin ba, faduwar 10% a samar da ruwa a Turkiyya na iya rage GDP da kashi 6%&quot;. : 11 : 11 

== Yanayi ==

=== Yanayin yanayi ===
Yawancin [[Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya|yanayin Turkiyya]] a cikin ciki yanayi ne mai tsaka-tsaki kuma a kudanci da yammacin bakin teku Yanayin Bahar Rum wanda ke nuna fari na rani. Yanayin Turkiyya yana shafar oscillation na Arewacin Atlantic (NAO), da Cibiyar Circulation Index na Bahar Rum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Topuz |first=Muhammet |last2=Feidas |first2=Haralambos |last3=Karabulut |first3=Murat |date=2020 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation data in Turkey and relations to atmospheric circulation: (1955–2013) |url=https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/view/887 |journal=Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |language=en |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.13128/ijam-887 |issn=2038-5625}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Cibiyar Oscillation ta Kudancin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harisuseno |first=Donny |date=1 October 2020 |title=Meteorological Drought and its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |url=https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/2410 |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1864–1875 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091588 |issn=2476-3055 |s2cid=222333797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Canjin yanayi ===
Saboda [[Canjin yanayi]], ana hasashen matsanancin fari da karancin ruwa za su karu,  misali a Lardin Ankara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey |url=https://www.metu.edu.tr/tr/yayin/climate-change-impact-assessment-mild-and-extreme-drought-events-using-copulas-over-ankara |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=ODTÜ – Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Sassan ƙasar sun bushe ko kuma sun zama bushe. Tsakanin 1931 da 2010 matsanancin fari ya faru a cikin 3% na ƙasar, matsanancin fari a cikin 4% da matsakaiciyar fari a cikin 7% .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dabanlı |first=İsmail |last2=Mishra |first2=Ashok K. |last3=Şen |first3=Zekai |date=1 September 2017 |title=Long-term spatio-temporal drought variability in Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417305024 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=552 |pages=779–792 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.038 |issn=0022-1694 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi karancin ru[[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] Turkiyya yana kusa da TaTafkin Tuz kusan 35 cm a kowace shekara. [2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Fulya |last2=Erlat |first2=Ecmel |last3=Türkeş |first3=Murat |date=1 June 2020 |title=Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |journal=Regional Environmental Change |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=68 |doi=10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |issn=1436-378X |s2cid=219175790 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban fari ==
Wani fari mai tsanani ya yi daidai da rushewar Daular Hittte a kusa da 1198-1196 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Sturt W. |last2=Kocik |first2=Cindy |last3=Lorentzen |first3=Brita |last4=Sparks |first4=Jed P. |date=February 2023 |title=Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05693-y |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=719–724 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9946833 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma kwanan nan a cikin 1804, 1876, 1928,  kuma sau da yawa tun daga shekarun 1970s. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Droughts in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/droughts/ |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin fari mai tsanani na baya-bayan nan ===

==== 2007–2008 ====
Tsakanin Disamba 2006 da Disamba 2008 akwai karancin hunturu da ruwan sama na kaka. Rashin ruwa, aikin gona da zamantakewar al'umma ya samo asali ne saboda fari na yanayi. An lura da asarar kayayyakin noma, rashin isasshen ruwa a sama da ƙasa da ruwa a karkashin kasa, rashin isassara da raguwa a cikin ruwan sha a manyan birane kamar [[Ankara]] da [[Istanbul]]. Rashin ruwa ya fi shafar yankunan Aegean, Marmara, Bahar Rum da Anatolia ta Tsakiya. An ba da ruwan sha daga Kogin Kızılırmak zuwa Ankara da kuma daga Melen Stream zuwa Istanbul . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2013–2014 ====
Rashin fari na Gabas da Tsakiyar Anatolia na 2012 tare da fari na lokacin rani na Yanayin Bahar Rum, an fuskanci shi a matsayin matsakaici da mummunan fari a mafi yawan ƙasar a cikin 2013. Jimlar ruwan sama tsakanin 1 ga Oktoba 2013 da 17 ga Janairu 2014 ya kasance kusan rabin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma 37% a ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2020–2021 ====
[[Fayil:Turkey_drought_soil_moisture.jpg|thumb|Ruwa a cikin tushen yankin - saman mita na ƙasa - a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2021. Jar mai duhu yana nuna kasa da 2% na danshi.]]
Ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, kuma musamman rabin rabin shekara ta 2020, kuma fari yafi tasiri ga aikin noma a Turkiyya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210142540/https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda manyan tafkunan birni sun sami ruwan sama kafin su ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=GDO Analytical Report: Drought in Turkey |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/gdo-analytical-report-drought-turkey-january-2021 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin hamada ==
Fiye da kashi 60% (51.5 mil. ha) na yankunan da ke da damuwa game da muhalli suna da rauni kuma suna da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Uzuner |first=Çağlar |last2=Dengiz |first2=Orhan |date=1 July 2020 |title=Desertification risk assessment in Turkey based on environmentally sensitive areas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20302326 |journal=Ecological Indicators |language=en |volume=114 |pages=106295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106295 |issn=1470-160X |s2cid=216267688 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rage tabkuna na iya zama saboda rage ruwan sama yana cikin ɓangaren Canjin yanayi, da kuma karuwar amfani da ruwa ta hanyar noma.

== Aikin noma ==
Girbi a Lardin Konya ya shafa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Better irrigation saves water, energy in Turkish grain hub Konya |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/better-irrigation-saves-water-energy-in-turkish-grain-hub-konya/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da ruwa ana amfani da shi don [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa|ban ruwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mafi yawan asarar ruwa saboda rashin ban ruwa ne, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor irrigation main cause of water loss, data shows – Turkey News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/poor-irrigation-main-cause-of-water-loss-data-shows-161461 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa mai yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
There are about 1500 cubic meters per person per year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ &quot;Fresh water resources in Turkey&quot;]. ''Climatechangepost.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Based to the Falkenmark Index, Turkey is ‘water stressed’ since it has 1,000-1,500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water potential per person per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Use in Turkey |url=https://water.fanack.com/turkey/water-use-in-turkey/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Fanack Water |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Precipitation can be measured by satellite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aksu |first=Hakan |last2=Akgül |first2=Mehmet Ali |date=1 October 2020 |title=Performance evaluation of CHIRPS satellite precipitation estimates over Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |language=en |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |doi=10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |issn=1434-4483 |s2cid=220062259 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfani da ruwa ==
Hydroelectricity a Turkiyya ya ragu ta hanyar canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bulut |first=U. |last2=Sakalli |first2=A. |year=2021 |title=Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1032/1/012043/meta |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=1032 |page=012043 |doi=10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012043 |s2cid=234299802 |access-date=29 March 2021 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Kungiyar Manufofin Ruwa rabin ruwan da aka nufa don bututun ruwa ya ɓace zuwa leaks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Is Turkey a water-hoarding bogeyman or yet another nation struggling with water scarcity? |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/is-turkey-a-water-hoarding-bogeyman-or-yet-another-nation-struggling-with-water-scarcity-1.1230551 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar TEMA ana cinye tan miliyan 4 a rana don hakar kwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2021-11-03 |title=Coal mining key contributor to water crisis: Turkish NGO |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/coal-mining-key-contributor-to-water-crisis-turkish-ngo/news |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na 2023 ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da karuwar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Lucia |date=2023-08-08 |title=Global hydropower generation to fall in 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/global-hydropower-generation-to-fall-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyoyin da aka ba da izini don yaki da fari sun haɗa da mafi kyawun kariya ga kogin kogi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Strategy and Action Plans |url=https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Links/11/Strategy-And-Action-Plans |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.tarimorman.gov.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; gina madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ateş |first=Hazal |date=14 December 2020 |title=Turkey's action plan to fight drought focuses on saving water sources |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkeys-action-plan-to-fight-drought-focuses-on-saving-water-sources/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Girbi ruwan sama]], amfani da [[Grey water|ruwan toka]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Rain harvesting, gray water can solve Turkey's drought: Expert |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/rain-harvesting-gray-water-can-solve-turkeys-drought-expert |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da addu'a don ruwan sama. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>t6hfgo9krcs84avb0dfmhzpwtrecz2q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893052</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:20:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Hon.Mubarak</username>
        <id>45736</id>
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      <origin>893052</origin>
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      <text bytes="14318" sha1="o677sn6gjgkiohp2kpkaagg63grnd7u" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kızılırmak_Delta_drought.jpg|thumb|Kızılırmak Delta Janairu Shekara ta 2021]]
'''fari''' ya zama ruwan dare a '''[[Turkiyya]]''', musamman a kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar, tare da Shekara ta 2021 kasancewa mafi bushewa a cikin shekaru ashirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2021 was the driest year in two decades in Turkey |url=https://bianet.org/english/environment/255143-2021-was-the-driest-year-in-two-decades-in-turkey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana hasashen fari zai faru akai-akai saboda Canjin yanayi, kumaA shekarar 2023 ya fara da fari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Istanbul may experience its warmest January: Experts |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-may-experience-its-warmest-january-experts-180181 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin asarar ruwa shi ne saboda rashin ban ruwa. A cikin 2022 Bankin Duniya ya ce &quot;ba tare da sake fasalin ba, faduwar 10% a samar da ruwa a Turkiyya na iya rage GDP da kashi 6%&quot;. : 11 : 11 

== Yanayi ==

=== Yanayin yanayi ===
Yawancin [[Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya|yanayin Turkiyya]] a cikin ciki yanayi ne mai tsaka-tsaki kuma a kudanci da yammacin bakin teku Yanayin Bahar Rum wanda ke nuna fari na rani. Yanayin Turkiyya yana shafar oscillation na Arewacin Atlantic (NAO), da Cibiyar Circulation Index na Bahar Rum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Topuz |first=Muhammet |last2=Feidas |first2=Haralambos |last3=Karabulut |first3=Murat |date=2020 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation data in Turkey and relations to atmospheric circulation: (1955–2013) |url=https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/view/887 |journal=Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |language=en |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.13128/ijam-887 |issn=2038-5625}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Cibiyar Oscillation ta Kudancin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harisuseno |first=Donny |date=1 October 2020 |title=Meteorological Drought and its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |url=https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/2410 |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1864–1875 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091588 |issn=2476-3055 |s2cid=222333797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chanjin yanayi ===
Saboda [[Canjin yanayi]], ana hasashen matsanancin fari da karancin ruwa za su karu,  misali a Lardin Ankara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey |url=https://www.metu.edu.tr/tr/yayin/climate-change-impact-assessment-mild-and-extreme-drought-events-using-copulas-over-ankara |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=ODTÜ – Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Sassan ƙasar sun bushe ko kuma sun zama bushe. Tsakanin 1931 da 2010 matsanancin fari ya faru a cikin 3% na ƙasar, matsanancin fari a cikin 4% da matsakaiciyar fari a cikin 7% .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dabanlı |first=İsmail |last2=Mishra |first2=Ashok K. |last3=Şen |first3=Zekai |date=1 September 2017 |title=Long-term spatio-temporal drought variability in Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417305024 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=552 |pages=779–792 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.038 |issn=0022-1694 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi karancin ru[[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] Turkiyya yana kusa da TaTafkin Tuz kusan 35 cm a kowace shekara. [2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Fulya |last2=Erlat |first2=Ecmel |last3=Türkeş |first3=Murat |date=1 June 2020 |title=Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |journal=Regional Environmental Change |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=68 |doi=10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |issn=1436-378X |s2cid=219175790 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban fari ==
Wani fari mai tsanani ya yi daidai da rushewar Daular Hittte a kusa da 1198-1196 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Sturt W. |last2=Kocik |first2=Cindy |last3=Lorentzen |first3=Brita |last4=Sparks |first4=Jed P. |date=February 2023 |title=Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05693-y |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=719–724 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9946833 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma kwanan nan a cikin 1804, 1876, 1928,  kuma sau da yawa tun daga shekarun 1970s. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Droughts in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/droughts/ |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin fari mai tsanani na baya-bayan nan ===

==== 2007–2008 ====
Tsakanin Disamba 2006 da Disamba 2008 akwai karancin hunturu da ruwan sama na kaka. Rashin ruwa, aikin gona da zamantakewar al'umma ya samo asali ne saboda fari na yanayi. An lura da asarar kayayyakin noma, rashin isasshen ruwa a sama da ƙasa da ruwa a karkashin kasa, rashin isassara da raguwa a cikin ruwan sha a manyan birane kamar [[Ankara]] da [[Istanbul]]. Rashin ruwa ya fi shafar yankunan Aegean, Marmara, Bahar Rum da Anatolia ta Tsakiya. An ba da ruwan sha daga Kogin Kızılırmak zuwa Ankara da kuma daga Melen Stream zuwa Istanbul . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2013–2014 ====
Rashin fari na Gabas da Tsakiyar Anatolia na 2012 tare da fari na lokacin rani na Yanayin Bahar Rum, an fuskanci shi a matsayin matsakaici da mummunan fari a mafi yawan ƙasar a cikin 2013. Jimlar ruwan sama tsakanin 1 ga Oktoba 2013 da 17 ga Janairu 2014 ya kasance kusan rabin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma 37% a ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2020–2021 ====
[[Fayil:Turkey_drought_soil_moisture.jpg|thumb|Ruwa a cikin tushen yankin - saman mita na ƙasa - a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2021. Jar mai duhu yana nuna kasa da 2% na danshi.]]
Ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, kuma musamman rabin rabin shekara ta 2020, kuma fari yafi tasiri ga aikin noma a Turkiyya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210142540/https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda manyan tafkunan birni sun sami ruwan sama kafin su ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=GDO Analytical Report: Drought in Turkey |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/gdo-analytical-report-drought-turkey-january-2021 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin hamada ==
Fiye da kashi 60% (51.5 mil. ha) na yankunan da ke da damuwa game da muhalli suna da rauni kuma suna da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Uzuner |first=Çağlar |last2=Dengiz |first2=Orhan |date=1 July 2020 |title=Desertification risk assessment in Turkey based on environmentally sensitive areas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20302326 |journal=Ecological Indicators |language=en |volume=114 |pages=106295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106295 |issn=1470-160X |s2cid=216267688 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rage tabkuna na iya zama saboda rage ruwan sama yana cikin ɓangaren Canjin yanayi, da kuma karuwar amfani da ruwa ta hanyar noma.

== Aikin noma ==
Girbi a Lardin Konya ya shafa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Better irrigation saves water, energy in Turkish grain hub Konya |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/better-irrigation-saves-water-energy-in-turkish-grain-hub-konya/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da ruwa ana amfani da shi don [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa|ban ruwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mafi yawan asarar ruwa saboda rashin ban ruwa ne, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor irrigation main cause of water loss, data shows – Turkey News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/poor-irrigation-main-cause-of-water-loss-data-shows-161461 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa mai yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
There are about 1500 cubic meters per person per year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ &quot;Fresh water resources in Turkey&quot;]. ''Climatechangepost.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Based to the Falkenmark Index, Turkey is ‘water stressed’ since it has 1,000-1,500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water potential per person per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Use in Turkey |url=https://water.fanack.com/turkey/water-use-in-turkey/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Fanack Water |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Precipitation can be measured by satellite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aksu |first=Hakan |last2=Akgül |first2=Mehmet Ali |date=1 October 2020 |title=Performance evaluation of CHIRPS satellite precipitation estimates over Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |language=en |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |doi=10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |issn=1434-4483 |s2cid=220062259 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfani da ruwa ==
Hydroelectricity a Turkiyya ya ragu ta hanyar canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bulut |first=U. |last2=Sakalli |first2=A. |year=2021 |title=Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1032/1/012043/meta |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=1032 |page=012043 |doi=10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012043 |s2cid=234299802 |access-date=29 March 2021 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Kungiyar Manufofin Ruwa rabin ruwan da aka nufa don bututun ruwa ya ɓace zuwa leaks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Is Turkey a water-hoarding bogeyman or yet another nation struggling with water scarcity? |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/is-turkey-a-water-hoarding-bogeyman-or-yet-another-nation-struggling-with-water-scarcity-1.1230551 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar TEMA ana cinye tan miliyan 4 a rana don hakar kwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2021-11-03 |title=Coal mining key contributor to water crisis: Turkish NGO |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/coal-mining-key-contributor-to-water-crisis-turkish-ngo/news |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na 2023 ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da karuwar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Lucia |date=2023-08-08 |title=Global hydropower generation to fall in 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/global-hydropower-generation-to-fall-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyoyin da aka ba da izini don yaki da fari sun haɗa da mafi kyawun kariya ga kogin kogi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Strategy and Action Plans |url=https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Links/11/Strategy-And-Action-Plans |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.tarimorman.gov.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; gina madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ateş |first=Hazal |date=14 December 2020 |title=Turkey's action plan to fight drought focuses on saving water sources |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkeys-action-plan-to-fight-drought-focuses-on-saving-water-sources/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Girbi ruwan sama]], amfani da [[Grey water|ruwan toka]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Rain harvesting, gray water can solve Turkey's drought: Expert |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/rain-harvesting-gray-water-can-solve-turkeys-drought-expert |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da addu'a don ruwan sama. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="14328" sha1="3slp5gq0aidi8qogmzwntcpsnkjyzoi" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kızılırmak_Delta_drought.jpg|thumb|Kızılırmak Delta Janairu Shekara ta 2021]]
'''fari''' ya zama ruwan dare a '''[[Turkiyya]]''', musamman a kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar, tare da Shekara ta 2021 kasancewa mafi bushewa a cikin shekaru ashirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2021 was the driest year in two decades in Turkey |url=https://bianet.org/english/environment/255143-2021-was-the-driest-year-in-two-decades-in-turkey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana hasashen fari zai faru akai-akai saboda Canjin yanayi, kumaA shekarar 2023 ya fara da fari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Istanbul may experience its warmest January: Experts |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-may-experience-its-warmest-january-experts-180181 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin asarar ruwa shi ne saboda rashin ban ruwa. A cikin Shekara ta2022 Bankin Duniya ya ce &quot;ba tare da sake fasalin ba, faduwar 10% a samar da ruwa a Turkiyya na iya rage GDP da kashi 6%&quot;. : 11 : 11 

== Yanayi ==

=== Yanayin yanayi ===
Yawancin [[Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya|yanayin Turkiyya]] a cikin ciki yanayi ne mai tsaka-tsaki kuma a kudanci da yammacin bakin teku Yanayin Bahar Rum wanda ke nuna fari na rani. Yanayin Turkiyya yana shafar oscillation na Arewacin Atlantic (NAO), da Cibiyar Circulation Index na Bahar Rum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Topuz |first=Muhammet |last2=Feidas |first2=Haralambos |last3=Karabulut |first3=Murat |date=2020 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation data in Turkey and relations to atmospheric circulation: (1955–2013) |url=https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/view/887 |journal=Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |language=en |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.13128/ijam-887 |issn=2038-5625}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Cibiyar Oscillation ta Kudancin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harisuseno |first=Donny |date=1 October 2020 |title=Meteorological Drought and its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |url=https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/2410 |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1864–1875 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091588 |issn=2476-3055 |s2cid=222333797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chanjin yanayi ===
Saboda [[Canjin yanayi]], ana hasashen matsanancin fari da karancin ruwa za su karu,  misali a Lardin Ankara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey |url=https://www.metu.edu.tr/tr/yayin/climate-change-impact-assessment-mild-and-extreme-drought-events-using-copulas-over-ankara |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=ODTÜ – Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Sassan ƙasar sun bushe ko kuma sun zama bushe. Tsakanin 1931 da 2010 matsanancin fari ya faru a cikin 3% na ƙasar, matsanancin fari a cikin 4% da matsakaiciyar fari a cikin 7% .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dabanlı |first=İsmail |last2=Mishra |first2=Ashok K. |last3=Şen |first3=Zekai |date=1 September 2017 |title=Long-term spatio-temporal drought variability in Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417305024 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=552 |pages=779–792 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.038 |issn=0022-1694 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi karancin ru[[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] Turkiyya yana kusa da TaTafkin Tuz kusan 35 cm a kowace shekara. [2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Fulya |last2=Erlat |first2=Ecmel |last3=Türkeş |first3=Murat |date=1 June 2020 |title=Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |journal=Regional Environmental Change |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=68 |doi=10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |issn=1436-378X |s2cid=219175790 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban fari ==
Wani fari mai tsanani ya yi daidai da rushewar Daular Hittte a kusa da 1198-1196 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Sturt W. |last2=Kocik |first2=Cindy |last3=Lorentzen |first3=Brita |last4=Sparks |first4=Jed P. |date=February 2023 |title=Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05693-y |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=719–724 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9946833 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma kwanan nan a cikin 1804, 1876, 1928,  kuma sau da yawa tun daga shekarun 1970s. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Droughts in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/droughts/ |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin fari mai tsanani na baya-bayan nan ===

==== 2007–2008 ====
Tsakanin Disamba 2006 da Disamba 2008 akwai karancin hunturu da ruwan sama na kaka. Rashin ruwa, aikin gona da zamantakewar al'umma ya samo asali ne saboda fari na yanayi. An lura da asarar kayayyakin noma, rashin isasshen ruwa a sama da ƙasa da ruwa a karkashin kasa, rashin isassara da raguwa a cikin ruwan sha a manyan birane kamar [[Ankara]] da [[Istanbul]]. Rashin ruwa ya fi shafar yankunan Aegean, Marmara, Bahar Rum da Anatolia ta Tsakiya. An ba da ruwan sha daga Kogin Kızılırmak zuwa Ankara da kuma daga Melen Stream zuwa Istanbul . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2013–2014 ====
Rashin fari na Gabas da Tsakiyar Anatolia na 2012 tare da fari na lokacin rani na Yanayin Bahar Rum, an fuskanci shi a matsayin matsakaici da mummunan fari a mafi yawan ƙasar a cikin 2013. Jimlar ruwan sama tsakanin 1 ga Oktoba 2013 da 17 ga Janairu 2014 ya kasance kusan rabin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma 37% a ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2020–2021 ====
[[Fayil:Turkey_drought_soil_moisture.jpg|thumb|Ruwa a cikin tushen yankin - saman mita na ƙasa - a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2021. Jar mai duhu yana nuna kasa da 2% na danshi.]]
Ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, kuma musamman rabin rabin shekara ta 2020, kuma fari yafi tasiri ga aikin noma a Turkiyya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210142540/https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda manyan tafkunan birni sun sami ruwan sama kafin su ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=GDO Analytical Report: Drought in Turkey |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/gdo-analytical-report-drought-turkey-january-2021 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin hamada ==
Fiye da kashi 60% (51.5 mil. ha) na yankunan da ke da damuwa game da muhalli suna da rauni kuma suna da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Uzuner |first=Çağlar |last2=Dengiz |first2=Orhan |date=1 July 2020 |title=Desertification risk assessment in Turkey based on environmentally sensitive areas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20302326 |journal=Ecological Indicators |language=en |volume=114 |pages=106295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106295 |issn=1470-160X |s2cid=216267688 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rage tabkuna na iya zama saboda rage ruwan sama yana cikin ɓangaren Canjin yanayi, da kuma karuwar amfani da ruwa ta hanyar noma.

== Aikin noma ==
Girbi a Lardin Konya ya shafa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Better irrigation saves water, energy in Turkish grain hub Konya |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/better-irrigation-saves-water-energy-in-turkish-grain-hub-konya/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da ruwa ana amfani da shi don [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa|ban ruwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mafi yawan asarar ruwa saboda rashin ban ruwa ne, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor irrigation main cause of water loss, data shows – Turkey News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/poor-irrigation-main-cause-of-water-loss-data-shows-161461 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa mai yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
There are about 1500 cubic meters per person per year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ &quot;Fresh water resources in Turkey&quot;]. ''Climatechangepost.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Based to the Falkenmark Index, Turkey is ‘water stressed’ since it has 1,000-1,500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water potential per person per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Use in Turkey |url=https://water.fanack.com/turkey/water-use-in-turkey/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Fanack Water |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Precipitation can be measured by satellite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aksu |first=Hakan |last2=Akgül |first2=Mehmet Ali |date=1 October 2020 |title=Performance evaluation of CHIRPS satellite precipitation estimates over Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |language=en |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |doi=10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |issn=1434-4483 |s2cid=220062259 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfani da ruwa ==
Hydroelectricity a Turkiyya ya ragu ta hanyar canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bulut |first=U. |last2=Sakalli |first2=A. |year=2021 |title=Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1032/1/012043/meta |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=1032 |page=012043 |doi=10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012043 |s2cid=234299802 |access-date=29 March 2021 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Kungiyar Manufofin Ruwa rabin ruwan da aka nufa don bututun ruwa ya ɓace zuwa leaks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Is Turkey a water-hoarding bogeyman or yet another nation struggling with water scarcity? |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/is-turkey-a-water-hoarding-bogeyman-or-yet-another-nation-struggling-with-water-scarcity-1.1230551 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar TEMA ana cinye tan miliyan 4 a rana don hakar kwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2021-11-03 |title=Coal mining key contributor to water crisis: Turkish NGO |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/coal-mining-key-contributor-to-water-crisis-turkish-ngo/news |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na 2023 ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da karuwar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Lucia |date=2023-08-08 |title=Global hydropower generation to fall in 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/global-hydropower-generation-to-fall-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyoyin da aka ba da izini don yaki da fari sun haɗa da mafi kyawun kariya ga kogin kogi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Strategy and Action Plans |url=https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Links/11/Strategy-And-Action-Plans |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.tarimorman.gov.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; gina madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ateş |first=Hazal |date=14 December 2020 |title=Turkey's action plan to fight drought focuses on saving water sources |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkeys-action-plan-to-fight-drought-focuses-on-saving-water-sources/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Girbi ruwan sama]], amfani da [[Grey water|ruwan toka]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Rain harvesting, gray water can solve Turkey's drought: Expert |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/rain-harvesting-gray-water-can-solve-turkeys-drought-expert |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da addu'a don ruwan sama. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="14329" sha1="0007swizx3cpnm2wkjox1z68v0ryonz" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kızılırmak_Delta_drought.jpg|thumb|Kızılırmak Delta Janairu Shekara ta 2021]]
'''fari''' ya zama ruwan dare a '''[[Turkiyya]]''', musamman a kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar, tare da Shekara ta 2021 kasancewa mafi bushewa a cikin shekaru ashirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2021 was the driest year in two decades in Turkey |url=https://bianet.org/english/environment/255143-2021-was-the-driest-year-in-two-decades-in-turkey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana hasashen fari zai faru akai-akai saboda Canjin yanayi, kumaA shekarar 2023 ya fara da fari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Istanbul may experience its warmest January: Experts |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-may-experience-its-warmest-january-experts-180181 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin asarar ruwa shi ne saboda rashin ban ruwa. A cikin Shekara ta2022 Bankin Duniya ya ce &quot;ba tare da sake fasalin ba, faduwar 10% a samar da ruwa a Turkiyya na iya rage GDP da kashi 6%&quot;. : 11 : 11 

== Yanayi ==

=== Yanayin yanayi ===
Yawancin [[Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya|yanayin Turkiyya]] a cikin ciki yanayi ne mai tsaka-tsaki kuma a kudanci da yammacin bakin teku Yanayin Bahar Rum wanda ke nuna fari na rani. Yanayin Turkiyya yana shafar oscillation na Arewacin Atlantic (NAO), da Cibiyar Circulation Index na Bahar Rum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Topuz |first=Muhammet |last2=Feidas |first2=Haralambos |last3=Karabulut |first3=Murat |date=2020 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation data in Turkey and relations to atmospheric circulation: (1955–2013) |url=https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/view/887 |journal=Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |language=en |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.13128/ijam-887 |issn=2038-5625}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Cibiyar Oscillation ta Kudancin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harisuseno |first=Donny |date=1 October 2020 |title=Meteorological Drought and its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |url=https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/2410 |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1864–1875 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091588 |issn=2476-3055 |s2cid=222333797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chanjin yanayi ===
Saboda [[Canjin yanayi]], ana hasashen matsanancin fari da ƙarancin ruwa za su karu,  misali a Lardin Ankara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey |url=https://www.metu.edu.tr/tr/yayin/climate-change-impact-assessment-mild-and-extreme-drought-events-using-copulas-over-ankara |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=ODTÜ – Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Sassan ƙasar sun bushe ko kuma sun zama bushe. Tsakanin 1931 da 2010 matsanancin fari ya faru a cikin 3% na ƙasar, matsanancin fari a cikin 4% da matsakaiciyar fari a cikin 7% .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dabanlı |first=İsmail |last2=Mishra |first2=Ashok K. |last3=Şen |first3=Zekai |date=1 September 2017 |title=Long-term spatio-temporal drought variability in Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417305024 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=552 |pages=779–792 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.038 |issn=0022-1694 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi karancin ru[[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] Turkiyya yana kusa da TaTafkin Tuz kusan 35 cm a kowace shekara. [2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Fulya |last2=Erlat |first2=Ecmel |last3=Türkeş |first3=Murat |date=1 June 2020 |title=Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |journal=Regional Environmental Change |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=68 |doi=10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |issn=1436-378X |s2cid=219175790 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban fari ==
Wani fari mai tsanani ya yi daidai da rushewar Daular Hittte a kusa da 1198-1196 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Sturt W. |last2=Kocik |first2=Cindy |last3=Lorentzen |first3=Brita |last4=Sparks |first4=Jed P. |date=February 2023 |title=Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05693-y |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=719–724 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9946833 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma kwanan nan a cikin 1804, 1876, 1928,  kuma sau da yawa tun daga shekarun 1970s. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Droughts in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/droughts/ |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin fari mai tsanani na baya-bayan nan ===

==== 2007–2008 ====
Tsakanin Disamba 2006 da Disamba 2008 akwai karancin hunturu da ruwan sama na kaka. Rashin ruwa, aikin gona da zamantakewar al'umma ya samo asali ne saboda fari na yanayi. An lura da asarar kayayyakin noma, rashin isasshen ruwa a sama da ƙasa da ruwa a karkashin kasa, rashin isassara da raguwa a cikin ruwan sha a manyan birane kamar [[Ankara]] da [[Istanbul]]. Rashin ruwa ya fi shafar yankunan Aegean, Marmara, Bahar Rum da Anatolia ta Tsakiya. An ba da ruwan sha daga Kogin Kızılırmak zuwa Ankara da kuma daga Melen Stream zuwa Istanbul . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2013–2014 ====
Rashin fari na Gabas da Tsakiyar Anatolia na 2012 tare da fari na lokacin rani na Yanayin Bahar Rum, an fuskanci shi a matsayin matsakaici da mummunan fari a mafi yawan ƙasar a cikin 2013. Jimlar ruwan sama tsakanin 1 ga Oktoba 2013 da 17 ga Janairu 2014 ya kasance kusan rabin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma 37% a ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2020–2021 ====
[[Fayil:Turkey_drought_soil_moisture.jpg|thumb|Ruwa a cikin tushen yankin - saman mita na ƙasa - a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2021. Jar mai duhu yana nuna kasa da 2% na danshi.]]
Ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, kuma musamman rabin rabin shekara ta 2020, kuma fari yafi tasiri ga aikin noma a Turkiyya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210142540/https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda manyan tafkunan birni sun sami ruwan sama kafin su ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=GDO Analytical Report: Drought in Turkey |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/gdo-analytical-report-drought-turkey-january-2021 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin hamada ==
Fiye da kashi 60% (51.5 mil. ha) na yankunan da ke da damuwa game da muhalli suna da rauni kuma suna da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Uzuner |first=Çağlar |last2=Dengiz |first2=Orhan |date=1 July 2020 |title=Desertification risk assessment in Turkey based on environmentally sensitive areas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20302326 |journal=Ecological Indicators |language=en |volume=114 |pages=106295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106295 |issn=1470-160X |s2cid=216267688 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rage tabkuna na iya zama saboda rage ruwan sama yana cikin ɓangaren Canjin yanayi, da kuma karuwar amfani da ruwa ta hanyar noma.

== Aikin noma ==
Girbi a Lardin Konya ya shafa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Better irrigation saves water, energy in Turkish grain hub Konya |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/better-irrigation-saves-water-energy-in-turkish-grain-hub-konya/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da ruwa ana amfani da shi don [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa|ban ruwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mafi yawan asarar ruwa saboda rashin ban ruwa ne, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor irrigation main cause of water loss, data shows – Turkey News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/poor-irrigation-main-cause-of-water-loss-data-shows-161461 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa mai yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
There are about 1500 cubic meters per person per year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ &quot;Fresh water resources in Turkey&quot;]. ''Climatechangepost.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Based to the Falkenmark Index, Turkey is ‘water stressed’ since it has 1,000-1,500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water potential per person per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Use in Turkey |url=https://water.fanack.com/turkey/water-use-in-turkey/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Fanack Water |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Precipitation can be measured by satellite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aksu |first=Hakan |last2=Akgül |first2=Mehmet Ali |date=1 October 2020 |title=Performance evaluation of CHIRPS satellite precipitation estimates over Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |language=en |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |doi=10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |issn=1434-4483 |s2cid=220062259 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfani da ruwa ==
Hydroelectricity a Turkiyya ya ragu ta hanyar canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bulut |first=U. |last2=Sakalli |first2=A. |year=2021 |title=Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1032/1/012043/meta |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=1032 |page=012043 |doi=10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012043 |s2cid=234299802 |access-date=29 March 2021 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Kungiyar Manufofin Ruwa rabin ruwan da aka nufa don bututun ruwa ya ɓace zuwa leaks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Is Turkey a water-hoarding bogeyman or yet another nation struggling with water scarcity? |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/is-turkey-a-water-hoarding-bogeyman-or-yet-another-nation-struggling-with-water-scarcity-1.1230551 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar TEMA ana cinye tan miliyan 4 a rana don hakar kwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2021-11-03 |title=Coal mining key contributor to water crisis: Turkish NGO |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/coal-mining-key-contributor-to-water-crisis-turkish-ngo/news |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na 2023 ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da karuwar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Lucia |date=2023-08-08 |title=Global hydropower generation to fall in 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/global-hydropower-generation-to-fall-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyoyin da aka ba da izini don yaki da fari sun haɗa da mafi kyawun kariya ga kogin kogi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Strategy and Action Plans |url=https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Links/11/Strategy-And-Action-Plans |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.tarimorman.gov.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; gina madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ateş |first=Hazal |date=14 December 2020 |title=Turkey's action plan to fight drought focuses on saving water sources |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkeys-action-plan-to-fight-drought-focuses-on-saving-water-sources/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Girbi ruwan sama]], amfani da [[Grey water|ruwan toka]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Rain harvesting, gray water can solve Turkey's drought: Expert |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/rain-harvesting-gray-water-can-solve-turkeys-drought-expert |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da addu'a don ruwan sama. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="14352" sha1="ngwvgkzjlqafha3uaexf7e8iw4q5x6u" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kızılırmak_Delta_drought.jpg|thumb|Kızılırmak Delta Janairu Shekara ta 2021]]
'''fari''' ya zama ruwan dare a '''[[Turkiyya]]''', musamman a kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar, tare da Shekara ta 2021 kasancewa mafi bushewa a cikin shekaru ashirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2021 was the driest year in two decades in Turkey |url=https://bianet.org/english/environment/255143-2021-was-the-driest-year-in-two-decades-in-turkey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana hasashen fari zai faru akai-akai saboda Canjin yanayi, kumaA shekarar 2023 ya fara da fari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Istanbul may experience its warmest January: Experts |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-may-experience-its-warmest-january-experts-180181 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin asarar ruwa shi ne saboda rashin ban ruwa. A cikin Shekara ta2022 Bankin Duniya ya ce &quot;ba tare da sake fasalin ba, faduwar 10% a samar da ruwa a Turkiyya na iya rage GDP da kashi 6%&quot;. : 11 : 11 

== Yanayi ==

=== Yanayin yanayi ===
Yawancin [[Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya|yanayin Turkiyya]] a cikin ciki yanayi ne mai tsaka-tsaki kuma a kudanci da yammacin bakin teku Yanayin Bahar Rum wanda ke nuna fari na rani. Yanayin Turkiyya yana shafar oscillation na Arewacin Atlantic (NAO), da Cibiyar Circulation Index na Bahar Rum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Topuz |first=Muhammet |last2=Feidas |first2=Haralambos |last3=Karabulut |first3=Murat |date=2020 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation data in Turkey and relations to atmospheric circulation: (1955–2013) |url=https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/view/887 |journal=Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |language=en |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.13128/ijam-887 |issn=2038-5625}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Cibiyar Oscillation ta Kudancin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harisuseno |first=Donny |date=1 October 2020 |title=Meteorological Drought and its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |url=https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/2410 |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1864–1875 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091588 |issn=2476-3055 |s2cid=222333797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chanjin yanayi ===
Saboda [[Canjin yanayi]], ana hasashen matsanancin fari da ƙarancin ruwa za su karu,  misali a Lardin Ankara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey |url=https://www.metu.edu.tr/tr/yayin/climate-change-impact-assessment-mild-and-extreme-drought-events-using-copulas-over-ankara |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=ODTÜ – Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Sassan ƙasar sun bushe ko kuma sun zama bushe. Tsakanin 1931 da 2010 matsanancin fari ya faru a cikin 3% na ƙasar, matsanancin fari a cikin 4% da matsakaiciyar fari a cikin 7% .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dabanlı |first=İsmail |last2=Mishra |first2=Ashok K. |last3=Şen |first3=Zekai |date=1 September 2017 |title=Long-term spatio-temporal drought variability in Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417305024 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=552 |pages=779–792 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.038 |issn=0022-1694 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi karancin ru[[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] Turkiyya yana kusa da TaTafkin Tuz kusan 35 cm a kowace shekara. [2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Fulya |last2=Erlat |first2=Ecmel |last3=Türkeş |first3=Murat |date=1 June 2020 |title=Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |journal=Regional Environmental Change |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=68 |doi=10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |issn=1436-378X |s2cid=219175790 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban fari ==
Wani fari mai tsanani ya yi daidai da rushewar Daular Hittte a kusa da 1198-1196 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Sturt W. |last2=Kocik |first2=Cindy |last3=Lorentzen |first3=Brita |last4=Sparks |first4=Jed P. |date=February 2023 |title=Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05693-y |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=719–724 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9946833 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma kwanan nan a cikin 1804, 1876, 1928,  kuma sau da yawa tun daga shekarun 1970s. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Droughts in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/droughts/ |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin fari mai tsanani na baya-bayan nan ===

====A shekarar 2007–2008 ====
Tsakanin Disamba 2006 da Disamba 2008 akwai karancin hunturu da ruwan sama na kaka. Rashin ruwa, aikin gona da zamantakewar al'umma ya samo asali ne saboda fari na yanayi. An lura da asarar kayayyakin noma, rashin isasshen ruwa a sama da ƙasa da ruwa a karkashin kasa, rashin isassara da raguwa a cikin ruwan sha a manyan birane kamar [[Ankara]] da [[Istanbul]]. Rashin ruwa ya fi shafar yankunan Aegean, Marmara, Bahar Rum da Anatolia ta Tsakiya. An ba da ruwan sha daga Kogin Kızılırmak zuwa Ankara da kuma daga Melen Stream zuwa Istanbul . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

====A shekarar 2013 zuwa 2014 ====
Rashin fari na Gabas da Tsakiyar Anatolia na 2012 tare da fari na lokacin rani na Yanayin Bahar Rum, an fuskanci shi a matsayin matsakaici da mummunan fari a mafi yawan ƙasar a cikin 2013. Jimlar ruwan sama tsakanin 1 ga Oktoba 2013 da 17 ga Janairu 2014 ya kasance kusan rabin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma 37% a ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2020–2021 ====
[[Fayil:Turkey_drought_soil_moisture.jpg|thumb|Ruwa a cikin tushen yankin - saman mita na ƙasa - a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2021. Jar mai duhu yana nuna kasa da 2% na danshi.]]
Ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, kuma musamman rabin rabin shekara ta 2020, kuma fari yafi tasiri ga aikin noma a Turkiyya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210142540/https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda manyan tafkunan birni sun sami ruwan sama kafin su ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=GDO Analytical Report: Drought in Turkey |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/gdo-analytical-report-drought-turkey-january-2021 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin hamada ==
Fiye da kashi 60% (51.5 mil. ha) na yankunan da ke da damuwa game da muhalli suna da rauni kuma suna da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Uzuner |first=Çağlar |last2=Dengiz |first2=Orhan |date=1 July 2020 |title=Desertification risk assessment in Turkey based on environmentally sensitive areas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20302326 |journal=Ecological Indicators |language=en |volume=114 |pages=106295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106295 |issn=1470-160X |s2cid=216267688 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rage tabkuna na iya zama saboda rage ruwan sama yana cikin ɓangaren Canjin yanayi, da kuma karuwar amfani da ruwa ta hanyar noma.

== Aikin noma ==
Girbi a Lardin Konya ya shafa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Better irrigation saves water, energy in Turkish grain hub Konya |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/better-irrigation-saves-water-energy-in-turkish-grain-hub-konya/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da ruwa ana amfani da shi don [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa|ban ruwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mafi yawan asarar ruwa saboda rashin ban ruwa ne, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor irrigation main cause of water loss, data shows – Turkey News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/poor-irrigation-main-cause-of-water-loss-data-shows-161461 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa mai yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
There are about 1500 cubic meters per person per year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ &quot;Fresh water resources in Turkey&quot;]. ''Climatechangepost.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Based to the Falkenmark Index, Turkey is ‘water stressed’ since it has 1,000-1,500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water potential per person per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Use in Turkey |url=https://water.fanack.com/turkey/water-use-in-turkey/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Fanack Water |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Precipitation can be measured by satellite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aksu |first=Hakan |last2=Akgül |first2=Mehmet Ali |date=1 October 2020 |title=Performance evaluation of CHIRPS satellite precipitation estimates over Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |language=en |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |doi=10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |issn=1434-4483 |s2cid=220062259 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfani da ruwa ==
Hydroelectricity a Turkiyya ya ragu ta hanyar canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bulut |first=U. |last2=Sakalli |first2=A. |year=2021 |title=Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1032/1/012043/meta |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=1032 |page=012043 |doi=10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012043 |s2cid=234299802 |access-date=29 March 2021 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Kungiyar Manufofin Ruwa rabin ruwan da aka nufa don bututun ruwa ya ɓace zuwa leaks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Is Turkey a water-hoarding bogeyman or yet another nation struggling with water scarcity? |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/is-turkey-a-water-hoarding-bogeyman-or-yet-another-nation-struggling-with-water-scarcity-1.1230551 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar TEMA ana cinye tan miliyan 4 a rana don hakar kwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2021-11-03 |title=Coal mining key contributor to water crisis: Turkish NGO |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/coal-mining-key-contributor-to-water-crisis-turkish-ngo/news |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na 2023 ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da karuwar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Lucia |date=2023-08-08 |title=Global hydropower generation to fall in 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/global-hydropower-generation-to-fall-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyoyin da aka ba da izini don yaki da fari sun haɗa da mafi kyawun kariya ga kogin kogi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Strategy and Action Plans |url=https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Links/11/Strategy-And-Action-Plans |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.tarimorman.gov.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; gina madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ateş |first=Hazal |date=14 December 2020 |title=Turkey's action plan to fight drought focuses on saving water sources |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkeys-action-plan-to-fight-drought-focuses-on-saving-water-sources/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Girbi ruwan sama]], amfani da [[Grey water|ruwan toka]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Rain harvesting, gray water can solve Turkey's drought: Expert |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/rain-harvesting-gray-water-can-solve-turkeys-drought-expert |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da addu'a don ruwan sama. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>ngwvgkzjlqafha3uaexf7e8iw4q5x6u</sha1>
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        <username>Hon.Mubarak</username>
        <id>45736</id>
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      <text bytes="14364" sha1="nf20t7zwnt9hycncwibb237zxcgkvo0" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kızılırmak_Delta_drought.jpg|thumb|Kızılırmak Delta Janairu Shekara ta 2021]]
'''fari''' ya zama ruwan dare a '''[[Turkiyya]]''', musamman a kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar, tare da Shekara ta 2021 kasancewa mafi bushewa a cikin shekaru ashirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2021 was the driest year in two decades in Turkey |url=https://bianet.org/english/environment/255143-2021-was-the-driest-year-in-two-decades-in-turkey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana hasashen fari zai faru akai-akai saboda Canjin yanayi, kumaA shekarar 2023 ya fara da fari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Istanbul may experience its warmest January: Experts |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-may-experience-its-warmest-january-experts-180181 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin asarar ruwa shi ne saboda rashin ban ruwa. A cikin Shekara ta2022 Bankin Duniya ya ce &quot;ba tare da sake fasalin ba, faduwar 10% a samar da ruwa a Turkiyya na iya rage GDP da kashi 6%&quot;. : 11 : 11 

== Yanayi ==

=== Yanayin yanayi ===
Yawancin [[Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya|yanayin Turkiyya]] a cikin ciki yanayi ne mai tsaka-tsaki kuma a kudanci da yammacin bakin teku Yanayin Bahar Rum wanda ke nuna fari na rani. Yanayin Turkiyya yana shafar oscillation na Arewacin Atlantic (NAO), da Cibiyar Circulation Index na Bahar Rum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Topuz |first=Muhammet |last2=Feidas |first2=Haralambos |last3=Karabulut |first3=Murat |date=2020 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation data in Turkey and relations to atmospheric circulation: (1955–2013) |url=https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/view/887 |journal=Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |language=en |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.13128/ijam-887 |issn=2038-5625}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Cibiyar Oscillation ta Kudancin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harisuseno |first=Donny |date=1 October 2020 |title=Meteorological Drought and its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |url=https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/2410 |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1864–1875 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091588 |issn=2476-3055 |s2cid=222333797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chanjin yanayi ===
Saboda [[Canjin yanayi]], ana hasashen matsanancin fari da ƙarancin ruwa za su ƙaru,  misali a Lardin Ankara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey |url=https://www.metu.edu.tr/tr/yayin/climate-change-impact-assessment-mild-and-extreme-drought-events-using-copulas-over-ankara |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=ODTÜ – Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Sassan ƙasar sun bushe ko kuma sun zama bushe. Tsakanin Shekarar 1931 zuwa 2010 matsanancin fari ya faru a cikin 3% na ƙasar, matsanancin fari a cikin 4% da matsakaiciyar fari a cikin 7% .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dabanlı |first=İsmail |last2=Mishra |first2=Ashok K. |last3=Şen |first3=Zekai |date=1 September 2017 |title=Long-term spatio-temporal drought variability in Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417305024 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=552 |pages=779–792 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.038 |issn=0022-1694 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi karancin ru[[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] Turkiyya yana kusa da TaTafkin Tuz kusan 35 cm a kowace shekara. [2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Fulya |last2=Erlat |first2=Ecmel |last3=Türkeş |first3=Murat |date=1 June 2020 |title=Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |journal=Regional Environmental Change |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=68 |doi=10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |issn=1436-378X |s2cid=219175790 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban fari ==
Wani fari mai tsanani ya yi daidai da rushewar Daular Hittte a kusa da 1198-1196 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Sturt W. |last2=Kocik |first2=Cindy |last3=Lorentzen |first3=Brita |last4=Sparks |first4=Jed P. |date=February 2023 |title=Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05693-y |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=719–724 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9946833 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma kwanan nan a cikin 1804, 1876, 1928,  kuma sau da yawa tun daga shekarun 1970s. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Droughts in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/droughts/ |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin fari mai tsanani na baya-bayan nan ===

====A shekarar 2007–2008 ====
Tsakanin Disamba 2006 da Disamba 2008 akwai karancin hunturu da ruwan sama na kaka. Rashin ruwa, aikin gona da zamantakewar al'umma ya samo asali ne saboda fari na yanayi. An lura da asarar kayayyakin noma, rashin isasshen ruwa a sama da ƙasa da ruwa a karkashin kasa, rashin isassara da raguwa a cikin ruwan sha a manyan birane kamar [[Ankara]] da [[Istanbul]]. Rashin ruwa ya fi shafar yankunan Aegean, Marmara, Bahar Rum da Anatolia ta Tsakiya. An ba da ruwan sha daga Kogin Kızılırmak zuwa Ankara da kuma daga Melen Stream zuwa Istanbul . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

====A shekarar 2013 zuwa 2014 ====
Rashin fari na Gabas da Tsakiyar Anatolia na 2012 tare da fari na lokacin rani na Yanayin Bahar Rum, an fuskanci shi a matsayin matsakaici da mummunan fari a mafi yawan ƙasar a cikin 2013. Jimlar ruwan sama tsakanin 1 ga Oktoba 2013 da 17 ga Janairu 2014 ya kasance kusan rabin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma 37% a ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2020–2021 ====
[[Fayil:Turkey_drought_soil_moisture.jpg|thumb|Ruwa a cikin tushen yankin - saman mita na ƙasa - a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2021. Jar mai duhu yana nuna kasa da 2% na danshi.]]
Ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, kuma musamman rabin rabin shekara ta 2020, kuma fari yafi tasiri ga aikin noma a Turkiyya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210142540/https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda manyan tafkunan birni sun sami ruwan sama kafin su ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=GDO Analytical Report: Drought in Turkey |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/gdo-analytical-report-drought-turkey-january-2021 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin hamada ==
Fiye da kashi 60% (51.5 mil. ha) na yankunan da ke da damuwa game da muhalli suna da rauni kuma suna da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Uzuner |first=Çağlar |last2=Dengiz |first2=Orhan |date=1 July 2020 |title=Desertification risk assessment in Turkey based on environmentally sensitive areas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20302326 |journal=Ecological Indicators |language=en |volume=114 |pages=106295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106295 |issn=1470-160X |s2cid=216267688 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rage tabkuna na iya zama saboda rage ruwan sama yana cikin ɓangaren Canjin yanayi, da kuma karuwar amfani da ruwa ta hanyar noma.

== Aikin noma ==
Girbi a Lardin Konya ya shafa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Better irrigation saves water, energy in Turkish grain hub Konya |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/better-irrigation-saves-water-energy-in-turkish-grain-hub-konya/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da ruwa ana amfani da shi don [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa|ban ruwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mafi yawan asarar ruwa saboda rashin ban ruwa ne, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor irrigation main cause of water loss, data shows – Turkey News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/poor-irrigation-main-cause-of-water-loss-data-shows-161461 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa mai yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
There are about 1500 cubic meters per person per year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ &quot;Fresh water resources in Turkey&quot;]. ''Climatechangepost.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Based to the Falkenmark Index, Turkey is ‘water stressed’ since it has 1,000-1,500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water potential per person per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Use in Turkey |url=https://water.fanack.com/turkey/water-use-in-turkey/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Fanack Water |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Precipitation can be measured by satellite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aksu |first=Hakan |last2=Akgül |first2=Mehmet Ali |date=1 October 2020 |title=Performance evaluation of CHIRPS satellite precipitation estimates over Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |language=en |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |doi=10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |issn=1434-4483 |s2cid=220062259 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfani da ruwa ==
Hydroelectricity a Turkiyya ya ragu ta hanyar canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bulut |first=U. |last2=Sakalli |first2=A. |year=2021 |title=Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1032/1/012043/meta |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=1032 |page=012043 |doi=10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012043 |s2cid=234299802 |access-date=29 March 2021 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Kungiyar Manufofin Ruwa rabin ruwan da aka nufa don bututun ruwa ya ɓace zuwa leaks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Is Turkey a water-hoarding bogeyman or yet another nation struggling with water scarcity? |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/is-turkey-a-water-hoarding-bogeyman-or-yet-another-nation-struggling-with-water-scarcity-1.1230551 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar TEMA ana cinye tan miliyan 4 a rana don hakar kwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2021-11-03 |title=Coal mining key contributor to water crisis: Turkish NGO |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/coal-mining-key-contributor-to-water-crisis-turkish-ngo/news |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na 2023 ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da karuwar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Lucia |date=2023-08-08 |title=Global hydropower generation to fall in 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/global-hydropower-generation-to-fall-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyoyin da aka ba da izini don yaki da fari sun haɗa da mafi kyawun kariya ga kogin kogi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Strategy and Action Plans |url=https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Links/11/Strategy-And-Action-Plans |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.tarimorman.gov.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; gina madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ateş |first=Hazal |date=14 December 2020 |title=Turkey's action plan to fight drought focuses on saving water sources |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkeys-action-plan-to-fight-drought-focuses-on-saving-water-sources/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Girbi ruwan sama]], amfani da [[Grey water|ruwan toka]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Rain harvesting, gray water can solve Turkey's drought: Expert |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/rain-harvesting-gray-water-can-solve-turkeys-drought-expert |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da addu'a don ruwan sama. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="14380" sha1="3wddbys1e5l17c3r77hcy87a7ktudx0" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kızılırmak_Delta_drought.jpg|thumb|Kızılırmak Delta Janairu Shekara ta 2021]]
'''fari''' ya zama ruwan dare a '''[[Turkiyya]]''', musamman a kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar, tare da Shekara ta 2021 kasancewa mafi bushewa a cikin shekaru ashirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2021 was the driest year in two decades in Turkey |url=https://bianet.org/english/environment/255143-2021-was-the-driest-year-in-two-decades-in-turkey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana hasashen fari zai faru akai-akai saboda Canjin yanayi, kumaA shekarar 2023 ya fara da fari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Istanbul may experience its warmest January: Experts |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-may-experience-its-warmest-january-experts-180181 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin asarar ruwa shi ne saboda rashin ban ruwa. A cikin Shekara ta2022 Bankin Duniya ya ce &quot;ba tare da sake fasalin ba, faduwar 10% a samar da ruwa a Turkiyya na iya rage GDP da kashi 6%&quot;. : 11 : 11 

== Yanayi ==

=== Yanayin yanayi ===
Yawancin [[Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya|yanayin Turkiyya]] a cikin ciki yanayi ne mai tsaka-tsaki kuma a kudanci da yammacin bakin teku Yanayin Bahar Rum wanda ke nuna fari na rani. Yanayin Turkiyya yana shafar oscillation na Arewacin Atlantic (NAO), da Cibiyar Circulation Index na Bahar Rum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Topuz |first=Muhammet |last2=Feidas |first2=Haralambos |last3=Karabulut |first3=Murat |date=2020 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation data in Turkey and relations to atmospheric circulation: (1955–2013) |url=https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/view/887 |journal=Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |language=en |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.13128/ijam-887 |issn=2038-5625}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Cibiyar Oscillation ta Kudancin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harisuseno |first=Donny |date=1 October 2020 |title=Meteorological Drought and its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |url=https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/2410 |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1864–1875 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091588 |issn=2476-3055 |s2cid=222333797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chanjin yanayi ===
Saboda [[Canjin yanayi]], ana hasashen matsanancin fari da ƙarancin ruwa za su ƙaru,  misali a Lardin Ankara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey |url=https://www.metu.edu.tr/tr/yayin/climate-change-impact-assessment-mild-and-extreme-drought-events-using-copulas-over-ankara |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=ODTÜ – Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Sassan ƙasar sun bushe ko kuma sun zama bushe. Tsakanin Shekarar 1931 zuwa 2010 matsanancin fari ya faru a cikin 3% na ƙasar, matsanancin fari a cikin 4% da matsakaiciyar fari a cikin 7% .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dabanlı |first=İsmail |last2=Mishra |first2=Ashok K. |last3=Şen |first3=Zekai |date=1 September 2017 |title=Long-term spatio-temporal drought variability in Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417305024 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=552 |pages=779–792 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.038 |issn=0022-1694 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi karancin ru[[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] Turkiyya yana kusa da TaTafkin Tuz kusan 35 cm a kowace shekara. [2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Fulya |last2=Erlat |first2=Ecmel |last3=Türkeş |first3=Murat |date=1 June 2020 |title=Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |journal=Regional Environmental Change |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=68 |doi=10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |issn=1436-378X |s2cid=219175790 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban fari ==
Wani fari mai tsanani ya yi daidai da rushewar Daular Hittte a kusa da shekara ta 1198 zuwa 1196 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Sturt W. |last2=Kocik |first2=Cindy |last3=Lorentzen |first3=Brita |last4=Sparks |first4=Jed P. |date=February 2023 |title=Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05693-y |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=719–724 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9946833 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma kwanan nan a cikin 1804, 1876, 1928,  kuma sau da yawa tun daga shekarun 1970s. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Droughts in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/droughts/ |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin fari mai tsanani na baya-bayan nan ===

====A shekarar 2007–2008 ====
Tsakanin Disamba 2006 da Disamba 2008 akwai karancin hunturu da ruwan sama na kaka. Rashin ruwa, aikin gona da zamantakewar al'umma ya samo asali ne saboda fari na yanayi. An lura da asarar kayayyakin noma, rashin isasshen ruwa a sama da ƙasa da ruwa a karkashin kasa, rashin isassara da raguwa a cikin ruwan sha a manyan birane kamar [[Ankara]] da [[Istanbul]]. Rashin ruwa ya fi shafar yankunan Aegean, Marmara, Bahar Rum da Anatolia ta Tsakiya. An ba da ruwan sha daga Kogin Kızılırmak zuwa Ankara da kuma daga Melen Stream zuwa Istanbul . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

====A shekarar 2013 zuwa 2014 ====
Rashin fari na Gabas da Tsakiyar Anatolia na 2012 tare da fari na lokacin rani na Yanayin Bahar Rum, an fuskanci shi a matsayin matsakaici da mummunan fari a mafi yawan ƙasar a cikin 2013. Jimlar ruwan sama tsakanin 1 ga Oktoba 2013 da 17 ga Janairu 2014 ya kasance kusan rabin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma 37% a ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2020–2021 ====
[[Fayil:Turkey_drought_soil_moisture.jpg|thumb|Ruwa a cikin tushen yankin - saman mita na ƙasa - a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2021. Jar mai duhu yana nuna kasa da 2% na danshi.]]
Ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, kuma musamman rabin rabin shekara ta 2020, kuma fari yafi tasiri ga aikin noma a Turkiyya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210142540/https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda manyan tafkunan birni sun sami ruwan sama kafin su ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=GDO Analytical Report: Drought in Turkey |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/gdo-analytical-report-drought-turkey-january-2021 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin hamada ==
Fiye da kashi 60% (51.5 mil. ha) na yankunan da ke da damuwa game da muhalli suna da rauni kuma suna da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Uzuner |first=Çağlar |last2=Dengiz |first2=Orhan |date=1 July 2020 |title=Desertification risk assessment in Turkey based on environmentally sensitive areas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20302326 |journal=Ecological Indicators |language=en |volume=114 |pages=106295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106295 |issn=1470-160X |s2cid=216267688 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rage tabkuna na iya zama saboda rage ruwan sama yana cikin ɓangaren Canjin yanayi, da kuma karuwar amfani da ruwa ta hanyar noma.

== Aikin noma ==
Girbi a Lardin Konya ya shafa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Better irrigation saves water, energy in Turkish grain hub Konya |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/better-irrigation-saves-water-energy-in-turkish-grain-hub-konya/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da ruwa ana amfani da shi don [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa|ban ruwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mafi yawan asarar ruwa saboda rashin ban ruwa ne, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor irrigation main cause of water loss, data shows – Turkey News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/poor-irrigation-main-cause-of-water-loss-data-shows-161461 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa mai yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
There are about 1500 cubic meters per person per year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ &quot;Fresh water resources in Turkey&quot;]. ''Climatechangepost.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Based to the Falkenmark Index, Turkey is ‘water stressed’ since it has 1,000-1,500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water potential per person per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Use in Turkey |url=https://water.fanack.com/turkey/water-use-in-turkey/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Fanack Water |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Precipitation can be measured by satellite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aksu |first=Hakan |last2=Akgül |first2=Mehmet Ali |date=1 October 2020 |title=Performance evaluation of CHIRPS satellite precipitation estimates over Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |language=en |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |doi=10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |issn=1434-4483 |s2cid=220062259 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfani da ruwa ==
Hydroelectricity a Turkiyya ya ragu ta hanyar canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bulut |first=U. |last2=Sakalli |first2=A. |year=2021 |title=Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1032/1/012043/meta |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=1032 |page=012043 |doi=10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012043 |s2cid=234299802 |access-date=29 March 2021 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Kungiyar Manufofin Ruwa rabin ruwan da aka nufa don bututun ruwa ya ɓace zuwa leaks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Is Turkey a water-hoarding bogeyman or yet another nation struggling with water scarcity? |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/is-turkey-a-water-hoarding-bogeyman-or-yet-another-nation-struggling-with-water-scarcity-1.1230551 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar TEMA ana cinye tan miliyan 4 a rana don hakar kwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2021-11-03 |title=Coal mining key contributor to water crisis: Turkish NGO |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/coal-mining-key-contributor-to-water-crisis-turkish-ngo/news |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na 2023 ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da karuwar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Lucia |date=2023-08-08 |title=Global hydropower generation to fall in 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/global-hydropower-generation-to-fall-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyoyin da aka ba da izini don yaki da fari sun haɗa da mafi kyawun kariya ga kogin kogi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Strategy and Action Plans |url=https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Links/11/Strategy-And-Action-Plans |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.tarimorman.gov.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; gina madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ateş |first=Hazal |date=14 December 2020 |title=Turkey's action plan to fight drought focuses on saving water sources |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkeys-action-plan-to-fight-drought-focuses-on-saving-water-sources/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Girbi ruwan sama]], amfani da [[Grey water|ruwan toka]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Rain harvesting, gray water can solve Turkey's drought: Expert |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/rain-harvesting-gray-water-can-solve-turkeys-drought-expert |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da addu'a don ruwan sama. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="14387" sha1="hz07w1rueoba8fa8bjtcsc7lva1taar" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kızılırmak_Delta_drought.jpg|thumb|Kızılırmak Delta Janairu Shekara ta 2021]]
'''fari''' ya zama ruwan dare a '''[[Turkiyya]]''', musamman a kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar, tare da Shekara ta 2021 kasancewa mafi bushewa a cikin shekaru ashirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2021 was the driest year in two decades in Turkey |url=https://bianet.org/english/environment/255143-2021-was-the-driest-year-in-two-decades-in-turkey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana hasashen fari zai faru akai-akai saboda Canjin yanayi, kumaA shekarar 2023 ya fara da fari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Istanbul may experience its warmest January: Experts |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-may-experience-its-warmest-january-experts-180181 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin asarar ruwa shi ne saboda rashin ban ruwa. A cikin Shekara ta2022 Bankin Duniya ya ce &quot;ba tare da sake fasalin ba, faduwar 10% a samar da ruwa a Turkiyya na iya rage GDP da kashi 6%&quot;. : 11 : 11 

== Yanayi ==

=== Yanayin yanayi ===
Yawancin [[Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya|yanayin Turkiyya]] a cikin ciki yanayi ne mai tsaka-tsaki kuma a kudanci da yammacin bakin teku Yanayin Bahar Rum wanda ke nuna fari na rani. Yanayin Turkiyya yana shafar oscillation na Arewacin Atlantic (NAO), da Cibiyar Circulation Index na Bahar Rum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Topuz |first=Muhammet |last2=Feidas |first2=Haralambos |last3=Karabulut |first3=Murat |date=2020 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation data in Turkey and relations to atmospheric circulation: (1955–2013) |url=https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/view/887 |journal=Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |language=en |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.13128/ijam-887 |issn=2038-5625}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Cibiyar Oscillation ta Kudancin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harisuseno |first=Donny |date=1 October 2020 |title=Meteorological Drought and its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |url=https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/2410 |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1864–1875 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091588 |issn=2476-3055 |s2cid=222333797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chanjin yanayi ===
Saboda [[Canjin yanayi]], ana hasashen matsanancin fari da ƙarancin ruwa za su ƙaru,  misali a Lardin Ankara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey |url=https://www.metu.edu.tr/tr/yayin/climate-change-impact-assessment-mild-and-extreme-drought-events-using-copulas-over-ankara |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=ODTÜ – Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Sassan ƙasar sun bushe ko kuma sun zama bushe. Tsakanin Shekarar 1931 zuwa 2010 matsanancin fari ya faru a cikin 3% na ƙasar, matsanancin fari a cikin 4% da matsakaiciyar fari a cikin Ka shi 7% .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dabanlı |first=İsmail |last2=Mishra |first2=Ashok K. |last3=Şen |first3=Zekai |date=1 September 2017 |title=Long-term spatio-temporal drought variability in Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417305024 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=552 |pages=779–792 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.038 |issn=0022-1694 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi karancin ru[[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] Turkiyya yana kusa da TaTafkin Tuz kusan 35 cm a kowace shekara. [2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Fulya |last2=Erlat |first2=Ecmel |last3=Türkeş |first3=Murat |date=1 June 2020 |title=Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |journal=Regional Environmental Change |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=68 |doi=10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |issn=1436-378X |s2cid=219175790 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban fari ==
Wani fari mai tsanani ya yi daidai da rushewar Daular Hittte a kusa da shekara ta 1198 zuwa 1196 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Sturt W. |last2=Kocik |first2=Cindy |last3=Lorentzen |first3=Brita |last4=Sparks |first4=Jed P. |date=February 2023 |title=Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05693-y |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=719–724 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9946833 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma kwanan nan a cikin 1804, 1876, 1928,  kuma sau da yawa tun daga shekarun 1970s. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Droughts in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/droughts/ |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin fari mai tsanani na baya-bayan nan ===

====A shekarar 2007–2008 ====
Tsakanin Disamba 2006 da Disamba 2008 akwai karancin hunturu da ruwan sama na kaka. Rashin ruwa, aikin gona da zamantakewar al'umma ya samo asali ne saboda fari na yanayi. An lura da asarar kayayyakin noma, rashin isasshen ruwa a sama da ƙasa da ruwa a karkashin kasa, rashin isassara da raguwa a cikin ruwan sha a manyan birane kamar [[Ankara]] da [[Istanbul]]. Rashin ruwa ya fi shafar yankunan Aegean, Marmara, Bahar Rum da Anatolia ta Tsakiya. An ba da ruwan sha daga Kogin Kızılırmak zuwa Ankara da kuma daga Melen Stream zuwa Istanbul . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

====A shekarar 2013 zuwa 2014 ====
Rashin fari na Gabas da Tsakiyar Anatolia na 2012 tare da fari na lokacin rani na Yanayin Bahar Rum, an fuskanci shi a matsayin matsakaici da mummunan fari a mafi yawan ƙasar a cikin 2013. Jimlar ruwan sama tsakanin 1 ga Oktoba 2013 da 17 ga Janairu 2014 ya kasance kusan rabin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma 37% a ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2020–2021 ====
[[Fayil:Turkey_drought_soil_moisture.jpg|thumb|Ruwa a cikin tushen yankin - saman mita na ƙasa - a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2021. Jar mai duhu yana nuna kasa da 2% na danshi.]]
Ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, kuma musamman rabin rabin shekara ta 2020, kuma fari yafi tasiri ga aikin noma a Turkiyya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210142540/https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda manyan tafkunan birni sun sami ruwan sama kafin su ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=GDO Analytical Report: Drought in Turkey |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/gdo-analytical-report-drought-turkey-january-2021 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin hamada ==
Fiye da kashi 60% (51.5 mil. ha) na yankunan da ke da damuwa game da muhalli suna da rauni kuma suna da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Uzuner |first=Çağlar |last2=Dengiz |first2=Orhan |date=1 July 2020 |title=Desertification risk assessment in Turkey based on environmentally sensitive areas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20302326 |journal=Ecological Indicators |language=en |volume=114 |pages=106295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106295 |issn=1470-160X |s2cid=216267688 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rage tabkuna na iya zama saboda rage ruwan sama yana cikin ɓangaren Canjin yanayi, da kuma karuwar amfani da ruwa ta hanyar noma.

== Aikin noma ==
Girbi a Lardin Konya ya shafa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Better irrigation saves water, energy in Turkish grain hub Konya |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/better-irrigation-saves-water-energy-in-turkish-grain-hub-konya/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da ruwa ana amfani da shi don [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa|ban ruwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mafi yawan asarar ruwa saboda rashin ban ruwa ne, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor irrigation main cause of water loss, data shows – Turkey News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/poor-irrigation-main-cause-of-water-loss-data-shows-161461 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa mai yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
There are about 1500 cubic meters per person per year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ &quot;Fresh water resources in Turkey&quot;]. ''Climatechangepost.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Based to the Falkenmark Index, Turkey is ‘water stressed’ since it has 1,000-1,500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water potential per person per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Use in Turkey |url=https://water.fanack.com/turkey/water-use-in-turkey/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Fanack Water |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Precipitation can be measured by satellite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aksu |first=Hakan |last2=Akgül |first2=Mehmet Ali |date=1 October 2020 |title=Performance evaluation of CHIRPS satellite precipitation estimates over Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |language=en |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |doi=10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |issn=1434-4483 |s2cid=220062259 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfani da ruwa ==
Hydroelectricity a Turkiyya ya ragu ta hanyar canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bulut |first=U. |last2=Sakalli |first2=A. |year=2021 |title=Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1032/1/012043/meta |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=1032 |page=012043 |doi=10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012043 |s2cid=234299802 |access-date=29 March 2021 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Kungiyar Manufofin Ruwa rabin ruwan da aka nufa don bututun ruwa ya ɓace zuwa leaks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Is Turkey a water-hoarding bogeyman or yet another nation struggling with water scarcity? |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/is-turkey-a-water-hoarding-bogeyman-or-yet-another-nation-struggling-with-water-scarcity-1.1230551 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar TEMA ana cinye tan miliyan 4 a rana don hakar kwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2021-11-03 |title=Coal mining key contributor to water crisis: Turkish NGO |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/coal-mining-key-contributor-to-water-crisis-turkish-ngo/news |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na 2023 ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da karuwar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Lucia |date=2023-08-08 |title=Global hydropower generation to fall in 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/global-hydropower-generation-to-fall-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyoyin da aka ba da izini don yaki da fari sun haɗa da mafi kyawun kariya ga kogin kogi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Strategy and Action Plans |url=https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Links/11/Strategy-And-Action-Plans |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.tarimorman.gov.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; gina madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ateş |first=Hazal |date=14 December 2020 |title=Turkey's action plan to fight drought focuses on saving water sources |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkeys-action-plan-to-fight-drought-focuses-on-saving-water-sources/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Girbi ruwan sama]], amfani da [[Grey water|ruwan toka]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Rain harvesting, gray water can solve Turkey's drought: Expert |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/rain-harvesting-gray-water-can-solve-turkeys-drought-expert |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da addu'a don ruwan sama. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="14388" sha1="syzn345hp2g80p5ygik5f8jxcmsjc3f" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kızılırmak_Delta_drought.jpg|thumb|Kızılırmak Delta Janairu Shekara ta 2021]]
'''fari''' ya zama ruwan dare a '''[[Turkiyya]]''', musamman a kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar, tare da Shekara ta 2021 kasancewa mafi bushewa a cikin shekaru ashirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2021 was the driest year in two decades in Turkey |url=https://bianet.org/english/environment/255143-2021-was-the-driest-year-in-two-decades-in-turkey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana hasashen fari zai faru akai-akai saboda Canjin yanayi, kumaA shekarar 2023 ya fara da fari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Istanbul may experience its warmest January: Experts |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-may-experience-its-warmest-january-experts-180181 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin asarar ruwa shi ne saboda rashin ban ruwa. A cikin Shekara ta2022 Bankin Duniya ya ce &quot;ba tare da sake fasalin ba, faduwar 10% a samar da ruwa a Turkiyya na iya rage GDP da kashi 6%&quot;. : 11 : 11 

== Yanayi ==

=== Yanayin yanayi ===
Yawancin [[Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya|yanayin Turkiyya]] a cikin ciki yanayi ne mai tsaka-tsaki kuma a kudanci da yammacin bakin teku Yanayin Bahar Rum wanda ke nuna fari na rani. Yanayin Turkiyya yana shafar oscillation na Arewacin Atlantic (NAO), da Cibiyar Circulation Index na Bahar Rum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Topuz |first=Muhammet |last2=Feidas |first2=Haralambos |last3=Karabulut |first3=Murat |date=2020 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation data in Turkey and relations to atmospheric circulation: (1955–2013) |url=https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/view/887 |journal=Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |language=en |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.13128/ijam-887 |issn=2038-5625}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Cibiyar Oscillation ta Kudancin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harisuseno |first=Donny |date=1 October 2020 |title=Meteorological Drought and its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |url=https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/2410 |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1864–1875 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091588 |issn=2476-3055 |s2cid=222333797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chanjin yanayi ===
Saboda [[Chanjin yanayi]], ana hasashen matsanancin fari da ƙarancin ruwa za su ƙaru,  misali a Lardin Ankara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey |url=https://www.metu.edu.tr/tr/yayin/climate-change-impact-assessment-mild-and-extreme-drought-events-using-copulas-over-ankara |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=ODTÜ – Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Sassan ƙasar sun bushe ko kuma sun zama bushe. Tsakanin Shekarar 1931 zuwa 2010 matsanancin fari ya faru a cikin 3% na ƙasar, matsanancin fari a cikin 4% da matsakaiciyar fari a cikin Ka shi 7% .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dabanlı |first=İsmail |last2=Mishra |first2=Ashok K. |last3=Şen |first3=Zekai |date=1 September 2017 |title=Long-term spatio-temporal drought variability in Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417305024 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=552 |pages=779–792 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.038 |issn=0022-1694 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi karancin ru[[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] Turkiyya yana kusa da TaTafkin Tuz kusan 35 cm a kowace shekara. [2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Fulya |last2=Erlat |first2=Ecmel |last3=Türkeş |first3=Murat |date=1 June 2020 |title=Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |journal=Regional Environmental Change |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=68 |doi=10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |issn=1436-378X |s2cid=219175790 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban fari ==
Wani fari mai tsanani ya yi daidai da rushewar Daular Hittte a kusa da shekara ta 1198 zuwa 1196 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Sturt W. |last2=Kocik |first2=Cindy |last3=Lorentzen |first3=Brita |last4=Sparks |first4=Jed P. |date=February 2023 |title=Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05693-y |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=719–724 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9946833 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma kwanan nan a cikin 1804, 1876, 1928,  kuma sau da yawa tun daga shekarun 1970s. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Droughts in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/droughts/ |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin fari mai tsanani na baya-bayan nan ===

====A shekarar 2007–2008 ====
Tsakanin Disamba 2006 da Disamba 2008 akwai karancin hunturu da ruwan sama na kaka. Rashin ruwa, aikin gona da zamantakewar al'umma ya samo asali ne saboda fari na yanayi. An lura da asarar kayayyakin noma, rashin isasshen ruwa a sama da ƙasa da ruwa a karkashin kasa, rashin isassara da raguwa a cikin ruwan sha a manyan birane kamar [[Ankara]] da [[Istanbul]]. Rashin ruwa ya fi shafar yankunan Aegean, Marmara, Bahar Rum da Anatolia ta Tsakiya. An ba da ruwan sha daga Kogin Kızılırmak zuwa Ankara da kuma daga Melen Stream zuwa Istanbul . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

====A shekarar 2013 zuwa 2014 ====
Rashin fari na Gabas da Tsakiyar Anatolia na 2012 tare da fari na lokacin rani na Yanayin Bahar Rum, an fuskanci shi a matsayin matsakaici da mummunan fari a mafi yawan ƙasar a cikin 2013. Jimlar ruwan sama tsakanin 1 ga Oktoba 2013 da 17 ga Janairu 2014 ya kasance kusan rabin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma 37% a ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2020–2021 ====
[[Fayil:Turkey_drought_soil_moisture.jpg|thumb|Ruwa a cikin tushen yankin - saman mita na ƙasa - a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2021. Jar mai duhu yana nuna kasa da 2% na danshi.]]
Ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, kuma musamman rabin rabin shekara ta 2020, kuma fari yafi tasiri ga aikin noma a Turkiyya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210142540/https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda manyan tafkunan birni sun sami ruwan sama kafin su ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=GDO Analytical Report: Drought in Turkey |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/gdo-analytical-report-drought-turkey-january-2021 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin hamada ==
Fiye da kashi 60% (51.5 mil. ha) na yankunan da ke da damuwa game da muhalli suna da rauni kuma suna da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Uzuner |first=Çağlar |last2=Dengiz |first2=Orhan |date=1 July 2020 |title=Desertification risk assessment in Turkey based on environmentally sensitive areas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20302326 |journal=Ecological Indicators |language=en |volume=114 |pages=106295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106295 |issn=1470-160X |s2cid=216267688 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rage tabkuna na iya zama saboda rage ruwan sama yana cikin ɓangaren Canjin yanayi, da kuma karuwar amfani da ruwa ta hanyar noma.

== Aikin noma ==
Girbi a Lardin Konya ya shafa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Better irrigation saves water, energy in Turkish grain hub Konya |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/better-irrigation-saves-water-energy-in-turkish-grain-hub-konya/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da ruwa ana amfani da shi don [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa|ban ruwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mafi yawan asarar ruwa saboda rashin ban ruwa ne, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor irrigation main cause of water loss, data shows – Turkey News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/poor-irrigation-main-cause-of-water-loss-data-shows-161461 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa mai yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
There are about 1500 cubic meters per person per year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ &quot;Fresh water resources in Turkey&quot;]. ''Climatechangepost.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Based to the Falkenmark Index, Turkey is ‘water stressed’ since it has 1,000-1,500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water potential per person per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Use in Turkey |url=https://water.fanack.com/turkey/water-use-in-turkey/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Fanack Water |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Precipitation can be measured by satellite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aksu |first=Hakan |last2=Akgül |first2=Mehmet Ali |date=1 October 2020 |title=Performance evaluation of CHIRPS satellite precipitation estimates over Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |language=en |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |doi=10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |issn=1434-4483 |s2cid=220062259 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfani da ruwa ==
Hydroelectricity a Turkiyya ya ragu ta hanyar canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bulut |first=U. |last2=Sakalli |first2=A. |year=2021 |title=Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1032/1/012043/meta |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=1032 |page=012043 |doi=10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012043 |s2cid=234299802 |access-date=29 March 2021 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Kungiyar Manufofin Ruwa rabin ruwan da aka nufa don bututun ruwa ya ɓace zuwa leaks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Is Turkey a water-hoarding bogeyman or yet another nation struggling with water scarcity? |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/is-turkey-a-water-hoarding-bogeyman-or-yet-another-nation-struggling-with-water-scarcity-1.1230551 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar TEMA ana cinye tan miliyan 4 a rana don hakar kwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2021-11-03 |title=Coal mining key contributor to water crisis: Turkish NGO |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/coal-mining-key-contributor-to-water-crisis-turkish-ngo/news |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na 2023 ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da karuwar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Lucia |date=2023-08-08 |title=Global hydropower generation to fall in 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/global-hydropower-generation-to-fall-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyoyin da aka ba da izini don yaki da fari sun haɗa da mafi kyawun kariya ga kogin kogi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Strategy and Action Plans |url=https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Links/11/Strategy-And-Action-Plans |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.tarimorman.gov.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; gina madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ateş |first=Hazal |date=14 December 2020 |title=Turkey's action plan to fight drought focuses on saving water sources |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkeys-action-plan-to-fight-drought-focuses-on-saving-water-sources/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Girbi ruwan sama]], amfani da [[Grey water|ruwan toka]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Rain harvesting, gray water can solve Turkey's drought: Expert |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/rain-harvesting-gray-water-can-solve-turkeys-drought-expert |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da addu'a don ruwan sama. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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        <username>Hon.Mubarak</username>
        <id>45736</id>
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      <text bytes="14391" sha1="1n9uwit21j9hfqhoj6sozu008y1ekgb" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kızılırmak_Delta_drought.jpg|thumb|Kızılırmak Delta Janairu Shekara ta 2021]]
'''fari''' ya zama ruwan dare a '''[[Turkiyya]]''', musamman a kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar, tare da Shekara ta 2021 kasancewa mafi bushewa a cikin shekaru ashirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2021 was the driest year in two decades in Turkey |url=https://bianet.org/english/environment/255143-2021-was-the-driest-year-in-two-decades-in-turkey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana hasashen fari zai faru akai-akai saboda Canjin yanayi, kumaA shekarar 2023 ya fara da fari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Istanbul may experience its warmest January: Experts |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-may-experience-its-warmest-january-experts-180181 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin asarar ruwa shi ne saboda rashin ban ruwa. A cikin Shekara ta2022 Bankin Duniya ya ce &quot;ba tare da sake fasalin ba, faduwar 10% a samar da ruwa a Turkiyya na iya rage GDP da kashi 6%&quot;. : 11 : 11 

== Yanayi ==

=== Yanayin yanayi ===
Yawancin [[Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya|yanayin Turkiyya]] a cikin ciki yanayi ne mai tsaka-tsaki kuma a kudanci da yammacin bakin teku Yanayin Bahar Rum wanda ke nuna fari na rani. Yanayin Turkiyya yana shafar oscillation na Arewacin Atlantic (NAO), da Cibiyar Circulation Index na Bahar Rum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Topuz |first=Muhammet |last2=Feidas |first2=Haralambos |last3=Karabulut |first3=Murat |date=2020 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation data in Turkey and relations to atmospheric circulation: (1955–2013) |url=https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/view/887 |journal=Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |language=en |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.13128/ijam-887 |issn=2038-5625}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Cibiyar Oscillation ta Kudancin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harisuseno |first=Donny |date=1 October 2020 |title=Meteorological Drought and its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |url=https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/2410 |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1864–1875 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091588 |issn=2476-3055 |s2cid=222333797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chanjin yanayi ===
Saboda [[Chanjin yanayi]], ana hasashen matsanancin fari da ƙarancin ruwa za su ƙaru,  misali a Lardin Ankara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey |url=https://www.metu.edu.tr/tr/yayin/climate-change-impact-assessment-mild-and-extreme-drought-events-using-copulas-over-ankara |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=ODTÜ – Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Sassan ƙasar sun bushe ko kuma sun zama bushe. Tsakanin Shekarar 1931 zuwa 2010 matsanancin fari ya faru a cikin 3% na ƙasar, matsanancin fari a cikin 4% da matsakaiciyar fari a cikin Ka shi 7% .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dabanlı |first=İsmail |last2=Mishra |first2=Ashok K. |last3=Şen |first3=Zekai |date=1 September 2017 |title=Long-term spatio-temporal drought variability in Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417305024 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=552 |pages=779–792 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.038 |issn=0022-1694 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi karancin ru[[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] Turkiyya yana kusa da TaTafkin Tuz kusan 35 cm a kowace shekara. [2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Fulya |last2=Erlat |first2=Ecmel |last3=Türkeş |first3=Murat |date=1 June 2020 |title=Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |journal=Regional Environmental Change |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=68 |doi=10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |issn=1436-378X |s2cid=219175790 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban fari ==
Wani fari mai tsanani ya yi daidai da rushewar Daular Hittte a kusa da shekara ta 1198 zuwa 1196 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Sturt W. |last2=Kocik |first2=Cindy |last3=Lorentzen |first3=Brita |last4=Sparks |first4=Jed P. |date=February 2023 |title=Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05693-y |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=719–724 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9946833 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma kwanan nan a cikin 1804, 1876, 1928,  kuma sau da yawa tun daga shekarun 1970s. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Droughts in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/droughts/ |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin fari mai tsanani na baya-bayan nan ===

====A shekarar 2007 zuwa 2008 ====
Tsakanin Disamba 2006 da Disamba 2008 akwai karancin hunturu da ruwan sama na kaka. Rashin ruwa, aikin gona da zamantakewar al'umma ya samo asali ne saboda fari na yanayi. An lura da asarar kayayyakin noma, rashin isasshen ruwa a sama da ƙasa da ruwa a karkashin kasa, rashin isassara da raguwa a cikin ruwan sha a manyan birane kamar [[Ankara]] da [[Istanbul]]. Rashin ruwa ya fi shafar yankunan Aegean, Marmara, Bahar Rum da Anatolia ta Tsakiya. An ba da ruwan sha daga Kogin Kızılırmak zuwa Ankara da kuma daga Melen Stream zuwa Istanbul . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

====A shekarar 2013 zuwa 2014 ====
Rashin fari na Gabas da Tsakiyar Anatolia na 2012 tare da fari na lokacin rani na Yanayin Bahar Rum, an fuskanci shi a matsayin matsakaici da mummunan fari a mafi yawan ƙasar a cikin 2013. Jimlar ruwan sama tsakanin 1 ga Oktoba 2013 da 17 ga Janairu 2014 ya kasance kusan rabin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma 37% a ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2020–2021 ====
[[Fayil:Turkey_drought_soil_moisture.jpg|thumb|Ruwa a cikin tushen yankin - saman mita na ƙasa - a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2021. Jar mai duhu yana nuna kasa da 2% na danshi.]]
Ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, kuma musamman rabin rabin shekara ta 2020, kuma fari yafi tasiri ga aikin noma a Turkiyya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210142540/https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda manyan tafkunan birni sun sami ruwan sama kafin su ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=GDO Analytical Report: Drought in Turkey |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/gdo-analytical-report-drought-turkey-january-2021 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin hamada ==
Fiye da kashi 60% (51.5 mil. ha) na yankunan da ke da damuwa game da muhalli suna da rauni kuma suna da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Uzuner |first=Çağlar |last2=Dengiz |first2=Orhan |date=1 July 2020 |title=Desertification risk assessment in Turkey based on environmentally sensitive areas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20302326 |journal=Ecological Indicators |language=en |volume=114 |pages=106295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106295 |issn=1470-160X |s2cid=216267688 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rage tabkuna na iya zama saboda rage ruwan sama yana cikin ɓangaren Canjin yanayi, da kuma karuwar amfani da ruwa ta hanyar noma.

== Aikin noma ==
Girbi a Lardin Konya ya shafa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Better irrigation saves water, energy in Turkish grain hub Konya |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/better-irrigation-saves-water-energy-in-turkish-grain-hub-konya/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da ruwa ana amfani da shi don [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa|ban ruwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mafi yawan asarar ruwa saboda rashin ban ruwa ne, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor irrigation main cause of water loss, data shows – Turkey News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/poor-irrigation-main-cause-of-water-loss-data-shows-161461 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa mai yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
There are about 1500 cubic meters per person per year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ &quot;Fresh water resources in Turkey&quot;]. ''Climatechangepost.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Based to the Falkenmark Index, Turkey is ‘water stressed’ since it has 1,000-1,500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water potential per person per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Use in Turkey |url=https://water.fanack.com/turkey/water-use-in-turkey/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Fanack Water |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Precipitation can be measured by satellite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aksu |first=Hakan |last2=Akgül |first2=Mehmet Ali |date=1 October 2020 |title=Performance evaluation of CHIRPS satellite precipitation estimates over Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |language=en |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |doi=10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |issn=1434-4483 |s2cid=220062259 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfani da ruwa ==
Hydroelectricity a Turkiyya ya ragu ta hanyar canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bulut |first=U. |last2=Sakalli |first2=A. |year=2021 |title=Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1032/1/012043/meta |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=1032 |page=012043 |doi=10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012043 |s2cid=234299802 |access-date=29 March 2021 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Kungiyar Manufofin Ruwa rabin ruwan da aka nufa don bututun ruwa ya ɓace zuwa leaks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Is Turkey a water-hoarding bogeyman or yet another nation struggling with water scarcity? |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/is-turkey-a-water-hoarding-bogeyman-or-yet-another-nation-struggling-with-water-scarcity-1.1230551 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar TEMA ana cinye tan miliyan 4 a rana don hakar kwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2021-11-03 |title=Coal mining key contributor to water crisis: Turkish NGO |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/coal-mining-key-contributor-to-water-crisis-turkish-ngo/news |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na 2023 ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da karuwar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Lucia |date=2023-08-08 |title=Global hydropower generation to fall in 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/global-hydropower-generation-to-fall-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyoyin da aka ba da izini don yaki da fari sun haɗa da mafi kyawun kariya ga kogin kogi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Strategy and Action Plans |url=https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Links/11/Strategy-And-Action-Plans |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.tarimorman.gov.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; gina madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ateş |first=Hazal |date=14 December 2020 |title=Turkey's action plan to fight drought focuses on saving water sources |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkeys-action-plan-to-fight-drought-focuses-on-saving-water-sources/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Girbi ruwan sama]], amfani da [[Grey water|ruwan toka]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Rain harvesting, gray water can solve Turkey's drought: Expert |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/rain-harvesting-gray-water-can-solve-turkeys-drought-expert |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da addu'a don ruwan sama. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="14411" sha1="pltwm9tyeht59ocr2ere7s0gn4fjohn" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kızılırmak_Delta_drought.jpg|thumb|Kızılırmak Delta Janairu Shekara ta 2021]]
'''fari''' ya zama ruwan dare a '''[[Turkiyya]]''', musamman a kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar, tare da Shekara ta 2021 kasancewa mafi bushewa a cikin shekaru ashirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2021 was the driest year in two decades in Turkey |url=https://bianet.org/english/environment/255143-2021-was-the-driest-year-in-two-decades-in-turkey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana hasashen fari zai faru akai-akai saboda Canjin yanayi, kumaA shekarar 2023 ya fara da fari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Istanbul may experience its warmest January: Experts |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-may-experience-its-warmest-january-experts-180181 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin asarar ruwa shi ne saboda rashin ban ruwa. A cikin Shekara ta2022 Bankin Duniya ya ce &quot;ba tare da sake fasalin ba, faduwar 10% a samar da ruwa a Turkiyya na iya rage GDP da kashi 6%&quot;. : 11 : 11 

== Yanayi ==

=== Yanayin yanayi ===
Yawancin [[Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya|yanayin Turkiyya]] a cikin ciki yanayi ne mai tsaka-tsaki kuma a kudanci da yammacin bakin teku Yanayin Bahar Rum wanda ke nuna fari na rani. Yanayin Turkiyya yana shafar oscillation na Arewacin Atlantic (NAO), da Cibiyar Circulation Index na Bahar Rum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Topuz |first=Muhammet |last2=Feidas |first2=Haralambos |last3=Karabulut |first3=Murat |date=2020 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation data in Turkey and relations to atmospheric circulation: (1955–2013) |url=https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/view/887 |journal=Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |language=en |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.13128/ijam-887 |issn=2038-5625}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Cibiyar Oscillation ta Kudancin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harisuseno |first=Donny |date=1 October 2020 |title=Meteorological Drought and its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |url=https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/2410 |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1864–1875 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091588 |issn=2476-3055 |s2cid=222333797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chanjin yanayi ===
Saboda [[Chanjin yanayi]], ana hasashen matsanancin fari da ƙarancin ruwa za su ƙaru,  misali a Lardin Ankara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey |url=https://www.metu.edu.tr/tr/yayin/climate-change-impact-assessment-mild-and-extreme-drought-events-using-copulas-over-ankara |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=ODTÜ – Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Sassan ƙasar sun bushe ko kuma sun zama bushe. Tsakanin Shekarar 1931 zuwa 2010 matsanancin fari ya faru a cikin 3% na ƙasar, matsanancin fari a cikin 4% da matsakaiciyar fari a cikin Ka shi 7% .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dabanlı |first=İsmail |last2=Mishra |first2=Ashok K. |last3=Şen |first3=Zekai |date=1 September 2017 |title=Long-term spatio-temporal drought variability in Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417305024 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=552 |pages=779–792 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.038 |issn=0022-1694 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi karancin ru[[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] Turkiyya yana kusa da TaTafkin Tuz kusan 35 cm a kowace shekara. [2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Fulya |last2=Erlat |first2=Ecmel |last3=Türkeş |first3=Murat |date=1 June 2020 |title=Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |journal=Regional Environmental Change |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=68 |doi=10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |issn=1436-378X |s2cid=219175790 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban fari ==
Wani fari mai tsanani ya yi daidai da rushewar Daular Hittte a kusa da shekara ta 1198 zuwa 1196 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Sturt W. |last2=Kocik |first2=Cindy |last3=Lorentzen |first3=Brita |last4=Sparks |first4=Jed P. |date=February 2023 |title=Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05693-y |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=719–724 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9946833 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma kwanan nan a cikin 1804, 1876, 1928,  kuma sau da yawa tun daga shekarun 1970s. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Droughts in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/droughts/ |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin fari mai tsanani na baya-bayan nan ===

====A shekarar 2007 zuwa 2008 ====
Tsakanin Disamba Shekarar 2006 zuwa Disamba Shekarar 2008 akwai karancin hunturu da ruwan sama na kaka. Rashin ruwa, aikin gona da zamantakewar al'umma ya samo asali ne saboda fari na yanayi. An lura da asarar kayayyakin noma, rashin isasshen ruwa a sama da ƙasa da ruwa a karkashin kasa, rashin isassara da raguwa a cikin ruwan sha a manyan birane kamar [[Ankara]] da [[Istanbul]]. Rashin ruwa ya fi shafar yankunan Aegean, Marmara, Bahar Rum da Anatolia ta Tsakiya. An ba da ruwan sha daga Kogin Kızılırmak zuwa Ankara da kuma daga Melen Stream zuwa Istanbul . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

====A shekarar 2013 zuwa 2014 ====
Rashin fari na Gabas da Tsakiyar Anatolia na 2012 tare da fari na lokacin rani na Yanayin Bahar Rum, an fuskanci shi a matsayin matsakaici da mummunan fari a mafi yawan ƙasar a cikin 2013. Jimlar ruwan sama tsakanin 1 ga Oktoba 2013 da 17 ga Janairu 2014 ya kasance kusan rabin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma 37% a ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2020–2021 ====
[[Fayil:Turkey_drought_soil_moisture.jpg|thumb|Ruwa a cikin tushen yankin - saman mita na ƙasa - a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2021. Jar mai duhu yana nuna kasa da 2% na danshi.]]
Ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, kuma musamman rabin rabin shekara ta 2020, kuma fari yafi tasiri ga aikin noma a Turkiyya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210142540/https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda manyan tafkunan birni sun sami ruwan sama kafin su ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=GDO Analytical Report: Drought in Turkey |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/gdo-analytical-report-drought-turkey-january-2021 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin hamada ==
Fiye da kashi 60% (51.5 mil. ha) na yankunan da ke da damuwa game da muhalli suna da rauni kuma suna da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Uzuner |first=Çağlar |last2=Dengiz |first2=Orhan |date=1 July 2020 |title=Desertification risk assessment in Turkey based on environmentally sensitive areas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20302326 |journal=Ecological Indicators |language=en |volume=114 |pages=106295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106295 |issn=1470-160X |s2cid=216267688 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rage tabkuna na iya zama saboda rage ruwan sama yana cikin ɓangaren Canjin yanayi, da kuma karuwar amfani da ruwa ta hanyar noma.

== Aikin noma ==
Girbi a Lardin Konya ya shafa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Better irrigation saves water, energy in Turkish grain hub Konya |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/better-irrigation-saves-water-energy-in-turkish-grain-hub-konya/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da ruwa ana amfani da shi don [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa|ban ruwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mafi yawan asarar ruwa saboda rashin ban ruwa ne, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor irrigation main cause of water loss, data shows – Turkey News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/poor-irrigation-main-cause-of-water-loss-data-shows-161461 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa mai yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
There are about 1500 cubic meters per person per year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ &quot;Fresh water resources in Turkey&quot;]. ''Climatechangepost.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Based to the Falkenmark Index, Turkey is ‘water stressed’ since it has 1,000-1,500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water potential per person per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Use in Turkey |url=https://water.fanack.com/turkey/water-use-in-turkey/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Fanack Water |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Precipitation can be measured by satellite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aksu |first=Hakan |last2=Akgül |first2=Mehmet Ali |date=1 October 2020 |title=Performance evaluation of CHIRPS satellite precipitation estimates over Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |language=en |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |doi=10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |issn=1434-4483 |s2cid=220062259 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfani da ruwa ==
Hydroelectricity a Turkiyya ya ragu ta hanyar canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bulut |first=U. |last2=Sakalli |first2=A. |year=2021 |title=Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1032/1/012043/meta |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=1032 |page=012043 |doi=10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012043 |s2cid=234299802 |access-date=29 March 2021 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Kungiyar Manufofin Ruwa rabin ruwan da aka nufa don bututun ruwa ya ɓace zuwa leaks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Is Turkey a water-hoarding bogeyman or yet another nation struggling with water scarcity? |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/is-turkey-a-water-hoarding-bogeyman-or-yet-another-nation-struggling-with-water-scarcity-1.1230551 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar TEMA ana cinye tan miliyan 4 a rana don hakar kwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2021-11-03 |title=Coal mining key contributor to water crisis: Turkish NGO |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/coal-mining-key-contributor-to-water-crisis-turkish-ngo/news |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na 2023 ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da karuwar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Lucia |date=2023-08-08 |title=Global hydropower generation to fall in 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/global-hydropower-generation-to-fall-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyoyin da aka ba da izini don yaki da fari sun haɗa da mafi kyawun kariya ga kogin kogi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Strategy and Action Plans |url=https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Links/11/Strategy-And-Action-Plans |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.tarimorman.gov.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; gina madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ateş |first=Hazal |date=14 December 2020 |title=Turkey's action plan to fight drought focuses on saving water sources |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkeys-action-plan-to-fight-drought-focuses-on-saving-water-sources/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Girbi ruwan sama]], amfani da [[Grey water|ruwan toka]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Rain harvesting, gray water can solve Turkey's drought: Expert |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/rain-harvesting-gray-water-can-solve-turkeys-drought-expert |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da addu'a don ruwan sama. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="14414" sha1="20gktd5ff3ujg38spe0szpfwk94ubev" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kızılırmak_Delta_drought.jpg|thumb|Kızılırmak Delta Janairu Shekara ta 2021]]
'''fari''' ya zama ruwan dare a '''[[Turkiyya]]''', musamman a kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar, tare da Shekara ta 2021 kasancewa mafi bushewa a cikin shekaru ashirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2021 was the driest year in two decades in Turkey |url=https://bianet.org/english/environment/255143-2021-was-the-driest-year-in-two-decades-in-turkey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana hasashen fari zai faru akai-akai saboda Canjin yanayi, kumaA shekarar 2023 ya fara da fari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Istanbul may experience its warmest January: Experts |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-may-experience-its-warmest-january-experts-180181 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin asarar ruwa shi ne saboda rashin ban ruwa. A cikin Shekara ta2022 Bankin Duniya ya ce &quot;ba tare da sake fasalin ba, faduwar 10% a samar da ruwa a Turkiyya na iya rage GDP da kashi 6%&quot;. : 11 : 11 

== Yanayi ==

=== Yanayin yanayi ===
Yawancin [[Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya|yanayin Turkiyya]] a cikin ciki yanayi ne mai tsaka-tsaki kuma a kudanci da yammacin bakin teku Yanayin Bahar Rum wanda ke nuna fari na rani. Yanayin Turkiyya yana shafar oscillation na Arewacin Atlantic (NAO), da Cibiyar Circulation Index na Bahar Rum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Topuz |first=Muhammet |last2=Feidas |first2=Haralambos |last3=Karabulut |first3=Murat |date=2020 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation data in Turkey and relations to atmospheric circulation: (1955–2013) |url=https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/view/887 |journal=Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |language=en |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.13128/ijam-887 |issn=2038-5625}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Cibiyar Oscillation ta Kudancin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harisuseno |first=Donny |date=1 October 2020 |title=Meteorological Drought and its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |url=https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/2410 |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1864–1875 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091588 |issn=2476-3055 |s2cid=222333797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chanjin yanayi ===
Saboda [[Chanjin yanayi]], ana hasashen matsanancin fari da ƙarancin ruwa za su ƙaru,  misali a Lardin Ankara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey |url=https://www.metu.edu.tr/tr/yayin/climate-change-impact-assessment-mild-and-extreme-drought-events-using-copulas-over-ankara |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=ODTÜ – Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Sassan ƙasar sun bushe ko kuma sun zama bushe. Tsakanin Shekarar 1931 zuwa 2010 matsanancin fari ya faru a cikin 3% na ƙasar, matsanancin fari a cikin 4% da matsakaiciyar fari a cikin Ka shi 7% .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dabanlı |first=İsmail |last2=Mishra |first2=Ashok K. |last3=Şen |first3=Zekai |date=1 September 2017 |title=Long-term spatio-temporal drought variability in Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417305024 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=552 |pages=779–792 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.038 |issn=0022-1694 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi karancin ru[[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] Turkiyya yana kusa da TaTafkin Tuz kusan 35 cm a kowace shekara. [2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Fulya |last2=Erlat |first2=Ecmel |last3=Türkeş |first3=Murat |date=1 June 2020 |title=Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |journal=Regional Environmental Change |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=68 |doi=10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |issn=1436-378X |s2cid=219175790 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban fari ==
Wani fari mai tsanani ya yi daidai da rushewar Daular Hittte a kusa da shekara ta 1198 zuwa 1196 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Sturt W. |last2=Kocik |first2=Cindy |last3=Lorentzen |first3=Brita |last4=Sparks |first4=Jed P. |date=February 2023 |title=Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05693-y |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=719–724 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9946833 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma kwanan nan a cikin 1804, 1876, 1928,  kuma sau da yawa tun daga shekarun 1970s. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Droughts in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/droughts/ |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin fari mai tsanani na baya-bayan nan ===

====A shekarar 2007 zuwa 2008 ====
Tsakanin Disamba Shekarar 2006 zuwa Disamba Shekarar 2008 akwai karancin hunturu da ruwan sama na kaka. Rashin ruwa, aikin gona da zamantakewar al'umma ya samo asali ne saboda fari na yanayi. An lura da asarar kayayyakin noma, rashin isasshen ruwa a sama da ƙasa da ruwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, rashin isassara da raguwa a cikin ruwan sha a manyan birane kamar [[Ankara]] da [[Istanbul]]. Rashin ruwa ya fi shafar yankunan Aegean, Marmara, Bahar Rum da Anatolia ta Tsakiya. An ba da ruwan sha daga Kogin Kızılırmak zuwa Ankara da kuma daga Melen Stream zuwa Istanbul . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

====A shekarar 2013 zuwa 2014 ====
Rashin fari na Gabas da Tsakiyar Anatolia na 2012 tare da fari na lokacin rani na Yanayin Bahar Rum, an fuskanci shi a matsayin matsakaici da mummunan fari a mafi yawan ƙasar a cikin 2013. Jimlar ruwan sama tsakanin 1 ga Oktoba 2013 da 17 ga Janairu 2014 ya kasance kusan rabin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma 37% a ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2020–2021 ====
[[Fayil:Turkey_drought_soil_moisture.jpg|thumb|Ruwa a cikin tushen yankin - saman mita na ƙasa - a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2021. Jar mai duhu yana nuna kasa da 2% na danshi.]]
Ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, kuma musamman rabin rabin shekara ta 2020, kuma fari yafi tasiri ga aikin noma a Turkiyya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210142540/https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda manyan tafkunan birni sun sami ruwan sama kafin su ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=GDO Analytical Report: Drought in Turkey |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/gdo-analytical-report-drought-turkey-january-2021 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin hamada ==
Fiye da kashi 60% (51.5 mil. ha) na yankunan da ke da damuwa game da muhalli suna da rauni kuma suna da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Uzuner |first=Çağlar |last2=Dengiz |first2=Orhan |date=1 July 2020 |title=Desertification risk assessment in Turkey based on environmentally sensitive areas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20302326 |journal=Ecological Indicators |language=en |volume=114 |pages=106295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106295 |issn=1470-160X |s2cid=216267688 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rage tabkuna na iya zama saboda rage ruwan sama yana cikin ɓangaren Canjin yanayi, da kuma karuwar amfani da ruwa ta hanyar noma.

== Aikin noma ==
Girbi a Lardin Konya ya shafa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Better irrigation saves water, energy in Turkish grain hub Konya |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/better-irrigation-saves-water-energy-in-turkish-grain-hub-konya/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da ruwa ana amfani da shi don [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa|ban ruwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mafi yawan asarar ruwa saboda rashin ban ruwa ne, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor irrigation main cause of water loss, data shows – Turkey News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/poor-irrigation-main-cause-of-water-loss-data-shows-161461 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa mai yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
There are about 1500 cubic meters per person per year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ &quot;Fresh water resources in Turkey&quot;]. ''Climatechangepost.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Based to the Falkenmark Index, Turkey is ‘water stressed’ since it has 1,000-1,500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water potential per person per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Use in Turkey |url=https://water.fanack.com/turkey/water-use-in-turkey/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Fanack Water |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Precipitation can be measured by satellite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aksu |first=Hakan |last2=Akgül |first2=Mehmet Ali |date=1 October 2020 |title=Performance evaluation of CHIRPS satellite precipitation estimates over Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |language=en |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |doi=10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |issn=1434-4483 |s2cid=220062259 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfani da ruwa ==
Hydroelectricity a Turkiyya ya ragu ta hanyar canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bulut |first=U. |last2=Sakalli |first2=A. |year=2021 |title=Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1032/1/012043/meta |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=1032 |page=012043 |doi=10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012043 |s2cid=234299802 |access-date=29 March 2021 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Kungiyar Manufofin Ruwa rabin ruwan da aka nufa don bututun ruwa ya ɓace zuwa leaks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Is Turkey a water-hoarding bogeyman or yet another nation struggling with water scarcity? |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/is-turkey-a-water-hoarding-bogeyman-or-yet-another-nation-struggling-with-water-scarcity-1.1230551 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar TEMA ana cinye tan miliyan 4 a rana don hakar kwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2021-11-03 |title=Coal mining key contributor to water crisis: Turkish NGO |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/coal-mining-key-contributor-to-water-crisis-turkish-ngo/news |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na 2023 ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da karuwar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Lucia |date=2023-08-08 |title=Global hydropower generation to fall in 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/global-hydropower-generation-to-fall-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyoyin da aka ba da izini don yaki da fari sun haɗa da mafi kyawun kariya ga kogin kogi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Strategy and Action Plans |url=https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Links/11/Strategy-And-Action-Plans |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.tarimorman.gov.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; gina madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ateş |first=Hazal |date=14 December 2020 |title=Turkey's action plan to fight drought focuses on saving water sources |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkeys-action-plan-to-fight-drought-focuses-on-saving-water-sources/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Girbi ruwan sama]], amfani da [[Grey water|ruwan toka]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Rain harvesting, gray water can solve Turkey's drought: Expert |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/rain-harvesting-gray-water-can-solve-turkeys-drought-expert |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da addu'a don ruwan sama. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>893108</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:36:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Hon.Mubarak</username>
        <id>45736</id>
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      <origin>893108</origin>
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      <text bytes="14423" sha1="laa0jnutp7szzskah681pphuntxyyb3" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kızılırmak_Delta_drought.jpg|thumb|Kızılırmak Delta Janairu Shekara ta 2021]]
'''fari''' ya zama ruwan dare a '''[[Turkiyya]]''', musamman a kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar, tare da Shekara ta 2021 kasancewa mafi bushewa a cikin shekaru ashirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2021 was the driest year in two decades in Turkey |url=https://bianet.org/english/environment/255143-2021-was-the-driest-year-in-two-decades-in-turkey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana hasashen fari zai faru akai-akai saboda Canjin yanayi, kumaA shekarar 2023 ya fara da fari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Istanbul may experience its warmest January: Experts |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-may-experience-its-warmest-january-experts-180181 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin asarar ruwa shi ne saboda rashin ban ruwa. A cikin Shekara ta2022 Bankin Duniya ya ce &quot;ba tare da sake fasalin ba, faduwar 10% a samar da ruwa a Turkiyya na iya rage GDP da kashi 6%&quot;. : 11 : 11 

== Yanayi ==

=== Yanayin yanayi ===
Yawancin [[Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya|yanayin Turkiyya]] a cikin ciki yanayi ne mai tsaka-tsaki kuma a kudanci da yammacin bakin teku Yanayin Bahar Rum wanda ke nuna fari na rani. Yanayin Turkiyya yana shafar oscillation na Arewacin Atlantic (NAO), da Cibiyar Circulation Index na Bahar Rum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Topuz |first=Muhammet |last2=Feidas |first2=Haralambos |last3=Karabulut |first3=Murat |date=2020 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation data in Turkey and relations to atmospheric circulation: (1955–2013) |url=https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/view/887 |journal=Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |language=en |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.13128/ijam-887 |issn=2038-5625}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Cibiyar Oscillation ta Kudancin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harisuseno |first=Donny |date=1 October 2020 |title=Meteorological Drought and its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |url=https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/2410 |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1864–1875 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091588 |issn=2476-3055 |s2cid=222333797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chanjin yanayi ===
Saboda [[Chanjin yanayi]], ana hasashen matsanancin fari da ƙarancin ruwa za su ƙaru,  misali a Lardin Ankara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey |url=https://www.metu.edu.tr/tr/yayin/climate-change-impact-assessment-mild-and-extreme-drought-events-using-copulas-over-ankara |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=ODTÜ – Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Sassan ƙasar sun bushe ko kuma sun zama bushe. Tsakanin Shekarar 1931 zuwa 2010 matsanancin fari ya faru a cikin 3% na ƙasar, matsanancin fari a cikin 4% da matsakaiciyar fari a cikin Ka shi 7% .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dabanlı |first=İsmail |last2=Mishra |first2=Ashok K. |last3=Şen |first3=Zekai |date=1 September 2017 |title=Long-term spatio-temporal drought variability in Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417305024 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=552 |pages=779–792 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.038 |issn=0022-1694 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi karancin ru[[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] Turkiyya yana kusa da TaTafkin Tuz kusan 35 cm a kowace shekara. [2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Fulya |last2=Erlat |first2=Ecmel |last3=Türkeş |first3=Murat |date=1 June 2020 |title=Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |journal=Regional Environmental Change |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=68 |doi=10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |issn=1436-378X |s2cid=219175790 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban fari ==
Wani fari mai tsanani ya yi daidai da rushewar Daular Hittte a kusa da shekara ta 1198 zuwa 1196 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Sturt W. |last2=Kocik |first2=Cindy |last3=Lorentzen |first3=Brita |last4=Sparks |first4=Jed P. |date=February 2023 |title=Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05693-y |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=719–724 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9946833 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma kwanan nan a cikin 1804, 1876, 1928,  kuma sau da yawa tun daga shekarun 1970s. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Droughts in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/droughts/ |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin fari mai tsanani na baya-bayan nan ===

====A shekarar 2007 zuwa 2008 ====
Tsakanin Disamba Shekarar 2006 zuwa Disamba Shekarar 2008 akwai karancin hunturu da ruwan sama na kaka. Rashin ruwa, aikin gona da zamantakewar al'umma ya samo asali ne saboda fari na yanayi. An lura da asarar kayayyakin noma, rashin isasshen ruwa a sama da ƙasa da ruwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, rashin isassara da raguwa a cikin ruwan sha a manyan birane kamar [[Ankara]] da [[Istanbul]]. Rashin ruwa ya fi shafar yankunan Aegean, Marmara, Bahar Rum da Anatolia ta Tsakiya. An ba da ruwan sha daga Kogin Kızılırmak zuwa Ankara da kuma daga Melen Stream zuwa Istanbul . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

====A shekarar 2013 zuwa 2014 ====
Rashin fari na Gabas da Tsakiyar Anatolia na shekarar 2012 tare da fari na lokacin rani na Yanayin Bahar Rum, an fuskanci shi a matsayin matsakaici da mummunan fari a mafi yawan ƙasar a cikin 2013. Jimlar ruwan sama tsakanin 1 ga Oktoba 2013 da 17 ga Janairu 2014 ya kasance kusan rabin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma 37% a ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2020–2021 ====
[[Fayil:Turkey_drought_soil_moisture.jpg|thumb|Ruwa a cikin tushen yankin - saman mita na ƙasa - a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2021. Jar mai duhu yana nuna kasa da 2% na danshi.]]
Ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, kuma musamman rabin rabin shekara ta 2020, kuma fari yafi tasiri ga aikin noma a Turkiyya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210142540/https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda manyan tafkunan birni sun sami ruwan sama kafin su ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=GDO Analytical Report: Drought in Turkey |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/gdo-analytical-report-drought-turkey-january-2021 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin hamada ==
Fiye da kashi 60% (51.5 mil. ha) na yankunan da ke da damuwa game da muhalli suna da rauni kuma suna da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Uzuner |first=Çağlar |last2=Dengiz |first2=Orhan |date=1 July 2020 |title=Desertification risk assessment in Turkey based on environmentally sensitive areas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20302326 |journal=Ecological Indicators |language=en |volume=114 |pages=106295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106295 |issn=1470-160X |s2cid=216267688 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rage tabkuna na iya zama saboda rage ruwan sama yana cikin ɓangaren Canjin yanayi, da kuma karuwar amfani da ruwa ta hanyar noma.

== Aikin noma ==
Girbi a Lardin Konya ya shafa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Better irrigation saves water, energy in Turkish grain hub Konya |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/better-irrigation-saves-water-energy-in-turkish-grain-hub-konya/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da ruwa ana amfani da shi don [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa|ban ruwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mafi yawan asarar ruwa saboda rashin ban ruwa ne, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor irrigation main cause of water loss, data shows – Turkey News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/poor-irrigation-main-cause-of-water-loss-data-shows-161461 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa mai yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
There are about 1500 cubic meters per person per year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ &quot;Fresh water resources in Turkey&quot;]. ''Climatechangepost.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Based to the Falkenmark Index, Turkey is ‘water stressed’ since it has 1,000-1,500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water potential per person per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Use in Turkey |url=https://water.fanack.com/turkey/water-use-in-turkey/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Fanack Water |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Precipitation can be measured by satellite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aksu |first=Hakan |last2=Akgül |first2=Mehmet Ali |date=1 October 2020 |title=Performance evaluation of CHIRPS satellite precipitation estimates over Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |language=en |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |doi=10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |issn=1434-4483 |s2cid=220062259 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfani da ruwa ==
Hydroelectricity a Turkiyya ya ragu ta hanyar canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bulut |first=U. |last2=Sakalli |first2=A. |year=2021 |title=Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1032/1/012043/meta |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=1032 |page=012043 |doi=10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012043 |s2cid=234299802 |access-date=29 March 2021 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Kungiyar Manufofin Ruwa rabin ruwan da aka nufa don bututun ruwa ya ɓace zuwa leaks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Is Turkey a water-hoarding bogeyman or yet another nation struggling with water scarcity? |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/is-turkey-a-water-hoarding-bogeyman-or-yet-another-nation-struggling-with-water-scarcity-1.1230551 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar TEMA ana cinye tan miliyan 4 a rana don hakar kwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2021-11-03 |title=Coal mining key contributor to water crisis: Turkish NGO |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/coal-mining-key-contributor-to-water-crisis-turkish-ngo/news |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na 2023 ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da karuwar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Lucia |date=2023-08-08 |title=Global hydropower generation to fall in 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/global-hydropower-generation-to-fall-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyoyin da aka ba da izini don yaki da fari sun haɗa da mafi kyawun kariya ga kogin kogi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Strategy and Action Plans |url=https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Links/11/Strategy-And-Action-Plans |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.tarimorman.gov.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; gina madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ateş |first=Hazal |date=14 December 2020 |title=Turkey's action plan to fight drought focuses on saving water sources |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkeys-action-plan-to-fight-drought-focuses-on-saving-water-sources/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Girbi ruwan sama]], amfani da [[Grey water|ruwan toka]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Rain harvesting, gray water can solve Turkey's drought: Expert |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/rain-harvesting-gray-water-can-solve-turkeys-drought-expert |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da addu'a don ruwan sama. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>893113</id>
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      <text bytes="14432" sha1="655jxote2iqh6z6ctk8lhjb6apjcjkl" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kızılırmak_Delta_drought.jpg|thumb|Kızılırmak Delta Janairu Shekara ta 2021]]
'''fari''' ya zama ruwan dare a '''[[Turkiyya]]''', musamman a kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar, tare da Shekara ta 2021 kasancewa mafi bushewa a cikin shekaru ashirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2021 was the driest year in two decades in Turkey |url=https://bianet.org/english/environment/255143-2021-was-the-driest-year-in-two-decades-in-turkey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana hasashen fari zai faru akai-akai saboda Canjin yanayi, kumaA shekarar 2023 ya fara da fari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Istanbul may experience its warmest January: Experts |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-may-experience-its-warmest-january-experts-180181 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin asarar ruwa shi ne saboda rashin ban ruwa. A cikin Shekara ta2022 Bankin Duniya ya ce &quot;ba tare da sake fasalin ba, faduwar 10% a samar da ruwa a Turkiyya na iya rage GDP da kashi 6%&quot;. : 11 : 11 

== Yanayi ==

=== Yanayin yanayi ===
Yawancin [[Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya|yanayin Turkiyya]] a cikin ciki yanayi ne mai tsaka-tsaki kuma a kudanci da yammacin bakin teku Yanayin Bahar Rum wanda ke nuna fari na rani. Yanayin Turkiyya yana shafar oscillation na Arewacin Atlantic (NAO), da Cibiyar Circulation Index na Bahar Rum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Topuz |first=Muhammet |last2=Feidas |first2=Haralambos |last3=Karabulut |first3=Murat |date=2020 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation data in Turkey and relations to atmospheric circulation: (1955–2013) |url=https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/view/887 |journal=Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |language=en |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.13128/ijam-887 |issn=2038-5625}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Cibiyar Oscillation ta Kudancin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harisuseno |first=Donny |date=1 October 2020 |title=Meteorological Drought and its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |url=https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/2410 |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1864–1875 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091588 |issn=2476-3055 |s2cid=222333797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chanjin yanayi ===
Saboda [[Chanjin yanayi]], ana hasashen matsanancin fari da ƙarancin ruwa za su ƙaru,  misali a Lardin Ankara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey |url=https://www.metu.edu.tr/tr/yayin/climate-change-impact-assessment-mild-and-extreme-drought-events-using-copulas-over-ankara |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=ODTÜ – Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Sassan ƙasar sun bushe ko kuma sun zama bushe. Tsakanin Shekarar 1931 zuwa 2010 matsanancin fari ya faru a cikin 3% na ƙasar, matsanancin fari a cikin 4% da matsakaiciyar fari a cikin Ka shi 7% .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dabanlı |first=İsmail |last2=Mishra |first2=Ashok K. |last3=Şen |first3=Zekai |date=1 September 2017 |title=Long-term spatio-temporal drought variability in Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417305024 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=552 |pages=779–792 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.038 |issn=0022-1694 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi karancin ru[[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] Turkiyya yana kusa da TaTafkin Tuz kusan 35 cm a kowace shekara. [2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Fulya |last2=Erlat |first2=Ecmel |last3=Türkeş |first3=Murat |date=1 June 2020 |title=Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |journal=Regional Environmental Change |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=68 |doi=10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |issn=1436-378X |s2cid=219175790 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban fari ==
Wani fari mai tsanani ya yi daidai da rushewar Daular Hittte a kusa da shekara ta 1198 zuwa 1196 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Sturt W. |last2=Kocik |first2=Cindy |last3=Lorentzen |first3=Brita |last4=Sparks |first4=Jed P. |date=February 2023 |title=Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05693-y |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=719–724 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9946833 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma kwanan nan a cikin 1804, 1876, 1928,  kuma sau da yawa tun daga shekarun 1970s. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Droughts in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/droughts/ |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin fari mai tsanani na baya-bayan nan ===

====A shekarar 2007 zuwa 2008 ====
Tsakanin Disamba Shekarar 2006 zuwa Disamba Shekarar 2008 akwai karancin hunturu da ruwan sama na kaka. Rashin ruwa, aikin gona da zamantakewar al'umma ya samo asali ne saboda fari na yanayi. An lura da asarar kayayyakin noma, rashin isasshen ruwa a sama da ƙasa da ruwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, rashin isassara da raguwa a cikin ruwan sha a manyan birane kamar [[Ankara]] da [[Istanbul]]. Rashin ruwa ya fi shafar yankunan Aegean, Marmara, Bahar Rum da Anatolia ta Tsakiya. An ba da ruwan sha daga Kogin Kızılırmak zuwa Ankara da kuma daga Melen Stream zuwa Istanbul . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

====A shekarar 2013 zuwa 2014 ====
Rashin fari na Gabas da Tsakiyar Anatolia na shekarar 2012 tare da fari na lokacin rani na Yanayin Bahar Rum, an fuskanci shi a matsayin matsakaici da mummunan fari a mafi yawan ƙasar a cikin shekarar 2013. Jimlar ruwan sama tsakanin 1 ga Oktoba 2013 da 17 ga Janairu 2014 ya kasance kusan rabin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma 37% a ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2020–2021 ====
[[Fayil:Turkey_drought_soil_moisture.jpg|thumb|Ruwa a cikin tushen yankin - saman mita na ƙasa - a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2021. Jar mai duhu yana nuna kasa da 2% na danshi.]]
Ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, kuma musamman rabin rabin shekara ta 2020, kuma fari yafi tasiri ga aikin noma a Turkiyya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210142540/https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda manyan tafkunan birni sun sami ruwan sama kafin su ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=GDO Analytical Report: Drought in Turkey |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/gdo-analytical-report-drought-turkey-january-2021 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin hamada ==
Fiye da kashi 60% (51.5 mil. ha) na yankunan da ke da damuwa game da muhalli suna da rauni kuma suna da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Uzuner |first=Çağlar |last2=Dengiz |first2=Orhan |date=1 July 2020 |title=Desertification risk assessment in Turkey based on environmentally sensitive areas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20302326 |journal=Ecological Indicators |language=en |volume=114 |pages=106295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106295 |issn=1470-160X |s2cid=216267688 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rage tabkuna na iya zama saboda rage ruwan sama yana cikin ɓangaren Canjin yanayi, da kuma karuwar amfani da ruwa ta hanyar noma.

== Aikin noma ==
Girbi a Lardin Konya ya shafa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Better irrigation saves water, energy in Turkish grain hub Konya |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/better-irrigation-saves-water-energy-in-turkish-grain-hub-konya/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da ruwa ana amfani da shi don [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa|ban ruwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mafi yawan asarar ruwa saboda rashin ban ruwa ne, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor irrigation main cause of water loss, data shows – Turkey News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/poor-irrigation-main-cause-of-water-loss-data-shows-161461 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa mai yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
There are about 1500 cubic meters per person per year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ &quot;Fresh water resources in Turkey&quot;]. ''Climatechangepost.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Based to the Falkenmark Index, Turkey is ‘water stressed’ since it has 1,000-1,500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water potential per person per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Use in Turkey |url=https://water.fanack.com/turkey/water-use-in-turkey/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Fanack Water |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Precipitation can be measured by satellite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aksu |first=Hakan |last2=Akgül |first2=Mehmet Ali |date=1 October 2020 |title=Performance evaluation of CHIRPS satellite precipitation estimates over Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |language=en |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |doi=10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |issn=1434-4483 |s2cid=220062259 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfani da ruwa ==
Hydroelectricity a Turkiyya ya ragu ta hanyar canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bulut |first=U. |last2=Sakalli |first2=A. |year=2021 |title=Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1032/1/012043/meta |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=1032 |page=012043 |doi=10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012043 |s2cid=234299802 |access-date=29 March 2021 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Kungiyar Manufofin Ruwa rabin ruwan da aka nufa don bututun ruwa ya ɓace zuwa leaks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Is Turkey a water-hoarding bogeyman or yet another nation struggling with water scarcity? |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/is-turkey-a-water-hoarding-bogeyman-or-yet-another-nation-struggling-with-water-scarcity-1.1230551 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar TEMA ana cinye tan miliyan 4 a rana don hakar kwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2021-11-03 |title=Coal mining key contributor to water crisis: Turkish NGO |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/coal-mining-key-contributor-to-water-crisis-turkish-ngo/news |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na 2023 ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da karuwar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Lucia |date=2023-08-08 |title=Global hydropower generation to fall in 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/global-hydropower-generation-to-fall-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyoyin da aka ba da izini don yaki da fari sun haɗa da mafi kyawun kariya ga kogin kogi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Strategy and Action Plans |url=https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Links/11/Strategy-And-Action-Plans |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.tarimorman.gov.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; gina madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ateş |first=Hazal |date=14 December 2020 |title=Turkey's action plan to fight drought focuses on saving water sources |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkeys-action-plan-to-fight-drought-focuses-on-saving-water-sources/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Girbi ruwan sama]], amfani da [[Grey water|ruwan toka]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Rain harvesting, gray water can solve Turkey's drought: Expert |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/rain-harvesting-gray-water-can-solve-turkeys-drought-expert |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da addu'a don ruwan sama. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="14444" sha1="fu1upsb1bzv5968frmk7hj2u4rlgig2" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kızılırmak_Delta_drought.jpg|thumb|Kızılırmak Delta Janairu Shekara ta 2021]]
'''fari''' ya zama ruwan dare a '''[[Turkiyya]]''', musamman a kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar, tare da Shekara ta 2021 kasancewa mafi bushewa a cikin shekaru ashirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2021 was the driest year in two decades in Turkey |url=https://bianet.org/english/environment/255143-2021-was-the-driest-year-in-two-decades-in-turkey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana hasashen fari zai faru akai-akai saboda Canjin yanayi, kumaA shekarar 2023 ya fara da fari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Istanbul may experience its warmest January: Experts |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-may-experience-its-warmest-january-experts-180181 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin asarar ruwa shi ne saboda rashin ban ruwa. A cikin Shekara ta2022 Bankin Duniya ya ce &quot;ba tare da sake fasalin ba, faduwar 10% a samar da ruwa a Turkiyya na iya rage GDP da kashi 6%&quot;. : 11 : 11 

== Yanayi ==

=== Yanayin yanayi ===
Yawancin [[Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya|yanayin Turkiyya]] a cikin ciki yanayi ne mai tsaka-tsaki kuma a kudanci da yammacin bakin teku Yanayin Bahar Rum wanda ke nuna fari na rani. Yanayin Turkiyya yana shafar oscillation na Arewacin Atlantic (NAO), da Cibiyar Circulation Index na Bahar Rum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Topuz |first=Muhammet |last2=Feidas |first2=Haralambos |last3=Karabulut |first3=Murat |date=2020 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation data in Turkey and relations to atmospheric circulation: (1955–2013) |url=https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/view/887 |journal=Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |language=en |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.13128/ijam-887 |issn=2038-5625}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Cibiyar Oscillation ta Kudancin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harisuseno |first=Donny |date=1 October 2020 |title=Meteorological Drought and its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |url=https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/2410 |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1864–1875 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091588 |issn=2476-3055 |s2cid=222333797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chanjin yanayi ===
Saboda [[Chanjin yanayi]], ana hasashen matsanancin fari da ƙarancin ruwa za su ƙaru,  misali a Lardin Ankara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey |url=https://www.metu.edu.tr/tr/yayin/climate-change-impact-assessment-mild-and-extreme-drought-events-using-copulas-over-ankara |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=ODTÜ – Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Sassan ƙasar sun bushe ko kuma sun zama bushe. Tsakanin Shekarar 1931 zuwa 2010 matsanancin fari ya faru a cikin 3% na ƙasar, matsanancin fari a cikin 4% da matsakaiciyar fari a cikin Ka shi 7% .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dabanlı |first=İsmail |last2=Mishra |first2=Ashok K. |last3=Şen |first3=Zekai |date=1 September 2017 |title=Long-term spatio-temporal drought variability in Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417305024 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=552 |pages=779–792 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.038 |issn=0022-1694 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi karancin ru[[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] Turkiyya yana kusa da TaTafkin Tuz kusan 35 cm a kowace shekara. [2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Fulya |last2=Erlat |first2=Ecmel |last3=Türkeş |first3=Murat |date=1 June 2020 |title=Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |journal=Regional Environmental Change |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=68 |doi=10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |issn=1436-378X |s2cid=219175790 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban fari ==
Wani fari mai tsanani ya yi daidai da rushewar Daular Hittte a kusa da shekara ta 1198 zuwa 1196 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Sturt W. |last2=Kocik |first2=Cindy |last3=Lorentzen |first3=Brita |last4=Sparks |first4=Jed P. |date=February 2023 |title=Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05693-y |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=719–724 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9946833 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma kwanan nan a cikin 1804, 1876, 1928,  kuma sau da yawa tun daga shekarun 1970s. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Droughts in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/droughts/ |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin fari mai tsanani na baya-bayan nan ===

====A shekarar 2007 zuwa 2008 ====
Tsakanin Disamba Shekarar 2006 zuwa Disamba Shekarar 2008 akwai karancin hunturu da ruwan sama na kaka. Rashin ruwa, aikin gona da zamantakewar al'umma ya samo asali ne saboda fari na yanayi. An lura da asarar kayayyakin noma, rashin isasshen ruwa a sama da ƙasa da ruwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, rashin isassara da raguwa a cikin ruwan sha a manyan birane kamar [[Ankara]] da [[Istanbul]]. Rashin ruwa ya fi shafar yankunan Aegean, Marmara, Bahar Rum da Anatolia ta Tsakiya. An ba da ruwan sha daga Kogin Kızılırmak zuwa Ankara da kuma daga Melen Stream zuwa Istanbul . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

====A shekarar 2013 zuwa 2014 ====
Rashin fari na Gabas da Tsakiyar Anatolia na shekarar 2012 tare da fari na lokacin rani na Yanayin Bahar Rum, an fuskanci shi a matsayin matsakaici da mummunan fari a mafi yawan ƙasar a cikin shekarar 2013. Jimlar ruwan sama tsakanin 1 ga Oktoba shekara  ta 2013 da 17 ga Janairu 2014 ya kasance kusan rabin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma 37% a ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2020–2021 ====
[[Fayil:Turkey_drought_soil_moisture.jpg|thumb|Ruwa a cikin tushen yankin - saman mita na ƙasa - a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2021. Jar mai duhu yana nuna kasa da 2% na danshi.]]
Ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, kuma musamman rabin rabin shekara ta 2020, kuma fari yafi tasiri ga aikin noma a Turkiyya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210142540/https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda manyan tafkunan birni sun sami ruwan sama kafin su ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=GDO Analytical Report: Drought in Turkey |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/gdo-analytical-report-drought-turkey-january-2021 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin hamada ==
Fiye da kashi 60% (51.5 mil. ha) na yankunan da ke da damuwa game da muhalli suna da rauni kuma suna da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Uzuner |first=Çağlar |last2=Dengiz |first2=Orhan |date=1 July 2020 |title=Desertification risk assessment in Turkey based on environmentally sensitive areas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20302326 |journal=Ecological Indicators |language=en |volume=114 |pages=106295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106295 |issn=1470-160X |s2cid=216267688 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rage tabkuna na iya zama saboda rage ruwan sama yana cikin ɓangaren Canjin yanayi, da kuma karuwar amfani da ruwa ta hanyar noma.

== Aikin noma ==
Girbi a Lardin Konya ya shafa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Better irrigation saves water, energy in Turkish grain hub Konya |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/better-irrigation-saves-water-energy-in-turkish-grain-hub-konya/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da ruwa ana amfani da shi don [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa|ban ruwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mafi yawan asarar ruwa saboda rashin ban ruwa ne, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor irrigation main cause of water loss, data shows – Turkey News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/poor-irrigation-main-cause-of-water-loss-data-shows-161461 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa mai yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
There are about 1500 cubic meters per person per year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ &quot;Fresh water resources in Turkey&quot;]. ''Climatechangepost.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Based to the Falkenmark Index, Turkey is ‘water stressed’ since it has 1,000-1,500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water potential per person per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Use in Turkey |url=https://water.fanack.com/turkey/water-use-in-turkey/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Fanack Water |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Precipitation can be measured by satellite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aksu |first=Hakan |last2=Akgül |first2=Mehmet Ali |date=1 October 2020 |title=Performance evaluation of CHIRPS satellite precipitation estimates over Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |language=en |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |doi=10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |issn=1434-4483 |s2cid=220062259 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfani da ruwa ==
Hydroelectricity a Turkiyya ya ragu ta hanyar canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bulut |first=U. |last2=Sakalli |first2=A. |year=2021 |title=Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1032/1/012043/meta |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=1032 |page=012043 |doi=10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012043 |s2cid=234299802 |access-date=29 March 2021 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Kungiyar Manufofin Ruwa rabin ruwan da aka nufa don bututun ruwa ya ɓace zuwa leaks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Is Turkey a water-hoarding bogeyman or yet another nation struggling with water scarcity? |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/is-turkey-a-water-hoarding-bogeyman-or-yet-another-nation-struggling-with-water-scarcity-1.1230551 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar TEMA ana cinye tan miliyan 4 a rana don hakar kwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2021-11-03 |title=Coal mining key contributor to water crisis: Turkish NGO |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/coal-mining-key-contributor-to-water-crisis-turkish-ngo/news |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na 2023 ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da karuwar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Lucia |date=2023-08-08 |title=Global hydropower generation to fall in 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/global-hydropower-generation-to-fall-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyoyin da aka ba da izini don yaki da fari sun haɗa da mafi kyawun kariya ga kogin kogi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Strategy and Action Plans |url=https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Links/11/Strategy-And-Action-Plans |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.tarimorman.gov.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; gina madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ateş |first=Hazal |date=14 December 2020 |title=Turkey's action plan to fight drought focuses on saving water sources |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkeys-action-plan-to-fight-drought-focuses-on-saving-water-sources/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Girbi ruwan sama]], amfani da [[Grey water|ruwan toka]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Rain harvesting, gray water can solve Turkey's drought: Expert |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/rain-harvesting-gray-water-can-solve-turkeys-drought-expert |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da addu'a don ruwan sama. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="14455" sha1="gk0l0jaohc8timgvuevp6y1jk9i430h" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kızılırmak_Delta_drought.jpg|thumb|Kızılırmak Delta Janairu Shekara ta 2021]]
'''fari''' ya zama ruwan dare a '''[[Turkiyya]]''', musamman a kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar, tare da Shekara ta 2021 kasancewa mafi bushewa a cikin shekaru ashirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2021 was the driest year in two decades in Turkey |url=https://bianet.org/english/environment/255143-2021-was-the-driest-year-in-two-decades-in-turkey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana hasashen fari zai faru akai-akai saboda Canjin yanayi, kumaA shekarar 2023 ya fara da fari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Istanbul may experience its warmest January: Experts |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-may-experience-its-warmest-january-experts-180181 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin asarar ruwa shi ne saboda rashin ban ruwa. A cikin Shekara ta2022 Bankin Duniya ya ce &quot;ba tare da sake fasalin ba, faduwar 10% a samar da ruwa a Turkiyya na iya rage GDP da kashi 6%&quot;. : 11 : 11 

== Yanayi ==

=== Yanayin yanayi ===
Yawancin [[Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya|yanayin Turkiyya]] a cikin ciki yanayi ne mai tsaka-tsaki kuma a kudanci da yammacin bakin teku Yanayin Bahar Rum wanda ke nuna fari na rani. Yanayin Turkiyya yana shafar oscillation na Arewacin Atlantic (NAO), da Cibiyar Circulation Index na Bahar Rum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Topuz |first=Muhammet |last2=Feidas |first2=Haralambos |last3=Karabulut |first3=Murat |date=2020 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation data in Turkey and relations to atmospheric circulation: (1955–2013) |url=https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/view/887 |journal=Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |language=en |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.13128/ijam-887 |issn=2038-5625}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Cibiyar Oscillation ta Kudancin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harisuseno |first=Donny |date=1 October 2020 |title=Meteorological Drought and its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |url=https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/2410 |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1864–1875 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091588 |issn=2476-3055 |s2cid=222333797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chanjin yanayi ===
Saboda [[Chanjin yanayi]], ana hasashen matsanancin fari da ƙarancin ruwa za su ƙaru,  misali a Lardin Ankara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey |url=https://www.metu.edu.tr/tr/yayin/climate-change-impact-assessment-mild-and-extreme-drought-events-using-copulas-over-ankara |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=ODTÜ – Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Sassan ƙasar sun bushe ko kuma sun zama bushe. Tsakanin Shekarar 1931 zuwa 2010 matsanancin fari ya faru a cikin 3% na ƙasar, matsanancin fari a cikin 4% da matsakaiciyar fari a cikin Ka shi 7% .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dabanlı |first=İsmail |last2=Mishra |first2=Ashok K. |last3=Şen |first3=Zekai |date=1 September 2017 |title=Long-term spatio-temporal drought variability in Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417305024 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=552 |pages=779–792 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.038 |issn=0022-1694 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi karancin ru[[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] Turkiyya yana kusa da TaTafkin Tuz kusan 35 cm a kowace shekara. [2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Fulya |last2=Erlat |first2=Ecmel |last3=Türkeş |first3=Murat |date=1 June 2020 |title=Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |journal=Regional Environmental Change |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=68 |doi=10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |issn=1436-378X |s2cid=219175790 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban fari ==
Wani fari mai tsanani ya yi daidai da rushewar Daular Hittte a kusa da shekara ta 1198 zuwa 1196 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Sturt W. |last2=Kocik |first2=Cindy |last3=Lorentzen |first3=Brita |last4=Sparks |first4=Jed P. |date=February 2023 |title=Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05693-y |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=719–724 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9946833 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma kwanan nan a cikin A shekarar 1804, 1876, 1928,  kuma sau da yawa tun daga shekarun 1970s. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Droughts in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/droughts/ |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin fari mai tsanani na baya-bayan nan ===

====A shekarar 2007 zuwa 2008 ====
Tsakanin Disamba Shekarar 2006 zuwa Disamba Shekarar 2008 akwai karancin hunturu da ruwan sama na kaka. Rashin ruwa, aikin gona da zamantakewar al'umma ya samo asali ne saboda fari na yanayi. An lura da asarar kayayyakin noma, rashin isasshen ruwa a sama da ƙasa da ruwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, rashin isassara da raguwa a cikin ruwan sha a manyan birane kamar [[Ankara]] da [[Istanbul]]. Rashin ruwa ya fi shafar yankunan Aegean, Marmara, Bahar Rum da Anatolia ta Tsakiya. An ba da ruwan sha daga Kogin Kızılırmak zuwa Ankara da kuma daga Melen Stream zuwa Istanbul . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

====A shekarar 2013 zuwa 2014 ====
Rashin fari na Gabas da Tsakiyar Anatolia na shekarar 2012 tare da fari na lokacin rani na Yanayin Bahar Rum, an fuskanci shi a matsayin matsakaici da mummunan fari a mafi yawan ƙasar a cikin shekarar 2013. Jimlar ruwan sama tsakanin 1 ga Oktoba shekara  ta 2013 da 17 ga Janairu 2014 ya kasance kusan rabin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma 37% a ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2020–2021 ====
[[Fayil:Turkey_drought_soil_moisture.jpg|thumb|Ruwa a cikin tushen yankin - saman mita na ƙasa - a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2021. Jar mai duhu yana nuna kasa da 2% na danshi.]]
Ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, kuma musamman rabin rabin shekara ta 2020, kuma fari yafi tasiri ga aikin noma a Turkiyya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210142540/https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda manyan tafkunan birni sun sami ruwan sama kafin su ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=GDO Analytical Report: Drought in Turkey |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/gdo-analytical-report-drought-turkey-january-2021 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin hamada ==
Fiye da kashi 60% (51.5 mil. ha) na yankunan da ke da damuwa game da muhalli suna da rauni kuma suna da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Uzuner |first=Çağlar |last2=Dengiz |first2=Orhan |date=1 July 2020 |title=Desertification risk assessment in Turkey based on environmentally sensitive areas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20302326 |journal=Ecological Indicators |language=en |volume=114 |pages=106295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106295 |issn=1470-160X |s2cid=216267688 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rage tabkuna na iya zama saboda rage ruwan sama yana cikin ɓangaren Canjin yanayi, da kuma karuwar amfani da ruwa ta hanyar noma.

== Aikin noma ==
Girbi a Lardin Konya ya shafa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Better irrigation saves water, energy in Turkish grain hub Konya |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/better-irrigation-saves-water-energy-in-turkish-grain-hub-konya/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da ruwa ana amfani da shi don [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa|ban ruwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mafi yawan asarar ruwa saboda rashin ban ruwa ne, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor irrigation main cause of water loss, data shows – Turkey News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/poor-irrigation-main-cause-of-water-loss-data-shows-161461 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa mai yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
There are about 1500 cubic meters per person per year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ &quot;Fresh water resources in Turkey&quot;]. ''Climatechangepost.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Based to the Falkenmark Index, Turkey is ‘water stressed’ since it has 1,000-1,500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water potential per person per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Use in Turkey |url=https://water.fanack.com/turkey/water-use-in-turkey/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Fanack Water |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Precipitation can be measured by satellite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aksu |first=Hakan |last2=Akgül |first2=Mehmet Ali |date=1 October 2020 |title=Performance evaluation of CHIRPS satellite precipitation estimates over Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |language=en |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |doi=10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |issn=1434-4483 |s2cid=220062259 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfani da ruwa ==
Hydroelectricity a Turkiyya ya ragu ta hanyar canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bulut |first=U. |last2=Sakalli |first2=A. |year=2021 |title=Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1032/1/012043/meta |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=1032 |page=012043 |doi=10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012043 |s2cid=234299802 |access-date=29 March 2021 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Kungiyar Manufofin Ruwa rabin ruwan da aka nufa don bututun ruwa ya ɓace zuwa leaks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Is Turkey a water-hoarding bogeyman or yet another nation struggling with water scarcity? |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/is-turkey-a-water-hoarding-bogeyman-or-yet-another-nation-struggling-with-water-scarcity-1.1230551 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar TEMA ana cinye tan miliyan 4 a rana don hakar kwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2021-11-03 |title=Coal mining key contributor to water crisis: Turkish NGO |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/coal-mining-key-contributor-to-water-crisis-turkish-ngo/news |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na 2023 ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da karuwar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Lucia |date=2023-08-08 |title=Global hydropower generation to fall in 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/global-hydropower-generation-to-fall-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyoyin da aka ba da izini don yaki da fari sun haɗa da mafi kyawun kariya ga kogin kogi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Strategy and Action Plans |url=https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Links/11/Strategy-And-Action-Plans |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.tarimorman.gov.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; gina madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ateş |first=Hazal |date=14 December 2020 |title=Turkey's action plan to fight drought focuses on saving water sources |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkeys-action-plan-to-fight-drought-focuses-on-saving-water-sources/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Girbi ruwan sama]], amfani da [[Grey water|ruwan toka]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Rain harvesting, gray water can solve Turkey's drought: Expert |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/rain-harvesting-gray-water-can-solve-turkeys-drought-expert |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da addu'a don ruwan sama. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>893127</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Hon.Mubarak</username>
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      <text bytes="14458" sha1="cw74eaupydju8y1e8umgsamb9rjo2zi" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kızılırmak_Delta_drought.jpg|thumb|Kızılırmak Delta Janairu Shekara ta 2021]]
'''fari''' ya zama ruwan dare a '''[[Turkiyya]]''', musamman a kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar, tare da Shekara ta 2021 kasancewa mafi bushewa a cikin shekaru ashirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2021 was the driest year in two decades in Turkey |url=https://bianet.org/english/environment/255143-2021-was-the-driest-year-in-two-decades-in-turkey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana hasashen fari zai faru akai-akai saboda Canjin yanayi, kumaA shekarar 2023 ya fara da fari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Istanbul may experience its warmest January: Experts |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-may-experience-its-warmest-january-experts-180181 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin asarar ruwa shi ne saboda rashin ban ruwa. A cikin Shekara ta2022 Bankin Duniya ya ce &quot;ba tare da sake fasalin ba, faduwar 10% a samar da ruwa a Turkiyya na iya rage GDP da kashi 6%&quot;. : 11 : 11 

== Yanayi ==

=== Yanayin yanayi ===
Yawancin [[Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya|yanayin Turkiyya]] a cikin ciki yanayi ne mai tsaka-tsaki kuma a kudanci da yammacin bakin teku Yanayin Bahar Rum wanda ke nuna fari na rani. Yanayin Turkiyya yana shafar oscillation na Arewacin Atlantic (NAO), da Cibiyar Circulation Index na Bahar Rum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Topuz |first=Muhammet |last2=Feidas |first2=Haralambos |last3=Karabulut |first3=Murat |date=2020 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation data in Turkey and relations to atmospheric circulation: (1955–2013) |url=https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/view/887 |journal=Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |language=en |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.13128/ijam-887 |issn=2038-5625}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Cibiyar Oscillation ta Kudancin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harisuseno |first=Donny |date=1 October 2020 |title=Meteorological Drought and its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |url=https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/2410 |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1864–1875 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091588 |issn=2476-3055 |s2cid=222333797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chanjin yanayi ===
Saboda [[Chanjin yanayi]], ana hasashen matsanancin fari da ƙarancin ruwa za su ƙaru,  misali a Lardin Ankara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey |url=https://www.metu.edu.tr/tr/yayin/climate-change-impact-assessment-mild-and-extreme-drought-events-using-copulas-over-ankara |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=ODTÜ – Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Sassan ƙasar sun bushe ko kuma sun zama bushe. Tsakanin Shekarar 1931 zuwa 2010 matsanancin fari ya faru a cikin 3% na ƙasar, matsanancin fari a cikin 4% da matsakaiciyar fari a cikin Ka shi 7% .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dabanlı |first=İsmail |last2=Mishra |first2=Ashok K. |last3=Şen |first3=Zekai |date=1 September 2017 |title=Long-term spatio-temporal drought variability in Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417305024 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=552 |pages=779–792 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.038 |issn=0022-1694 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi karancin ru[[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] Turkiyya yana kusa da TaTafkin Tuz kusan 35 cm a kowace shekara. [2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Fulya |last2=Erlat |first2=Ecmel |last3=Türkeş |first3=Murat |date=1 June 2020 |title=Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |journal=Regional Environmental Change |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=68 |doi=10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |issn=1436-378X |s2cid=219175790 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban fari ==
Wani fari mai tsanani ya yi daidai da rushewar Daular Hittte a kusa da shekara ta 1198 zuwa 1196 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Sturt W. |last2=Kocik |first2=Cindy |last3=Lorentzen |first3=Brita |last4=Sparks |first4=Jed P. |date=February 2023 |title=Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05693-y |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=719–724 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9946833 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma kwanan nan a cikin A shekarar 1804 zuwa 1876, 1928,  kuma sau da yawa tun daga shekarun 1970. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Droughts in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/droughts/ |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin fari mai tsanani na baya-bayan nan ===

====A shekarar 2007 zuwa 2008 ====
Tsakanin Disamba Shekarar 2006 zuwa Disamba Shekarar 2008 akwai karancin hunturu da ruwan sama na kaka. Rashin ruwa, aikin gona da zamantakewar al'umma ya samo asali ne saboda fari na yanayi. An lura da asarar kayayyakin noma, rashin isasshen ruwa a sama da ƙasa da ruwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, rashin isassara da raguwa a cikin ruwan sha a manyan birane kamar [[Ankara]] da [[Istanbul]]. Rashin ruwa ya fi shafar yankunan Aegean, Marmara, Bahar Rum da Anatolia ta Tsakiya. An ba da ruwan sha daga Kogin Kızılırmak zuwa Ankara da kuma daga Melen Stream zuwa Istanbul . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

====A shekarar 2013 zuwa 2014 ====
Rashin fari na Gabas da Tsakiyar Anatolia na shekarar 2012 tare da fari na lokacin rani na Yanayin Bahar Rum, an fuskanci shi a matsayin matsakaici da mummunan fari a mafi yawan ƙasar a cikin shekarar 2013. Jimlar ruwan sama tsakanin 1 ga Oktoba shekara  ta 2013 da 17 ga Janairu 2014 ya kasance kusan rabin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma 37% a ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2020–2021 ====
[[Fayil:Turkey_drought_soil_moisture.jpg|thumb|Ruwa a cikin tushen yankin - saman mita na ƙasa - a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2021. Jar mai duhu yana nuna kasa da 2% na danshi.]]
Ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, kuma musamman rabin rabin shekara ta 2020, kuma fari yafi tasiri ga aikin noma a Turkiyya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210142540/https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda manyan tafkunan birni sun sami ruwan sama kafin su ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=GDO Analytical Report: Drought in Turkey |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/gdo-analytical-report-drought-turkey-january-2021 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin hamada ==
Fiye da kashi 60% (51.5 mil. ha) na yankunan da ke da damuwa game da muhalli suna da rauni kuma suna da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Uzuner |first=Çağlar |last2=Dengiz |first2=Orhan |date=1 July 2020 |title=Desertification risk assessment in Turkey based on environmentally sensitive areas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20302326 |journal=Ecological Indicators |language=en |volume=114 |pages=106295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106295 |issn=1470-160X |s2cid=216267688 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rage tabkuna na iya zama saboda rage ruwan sama yana cikin ɓangaren Canjin yanayi, da kuma karuwar amfani da ruwa ta hanyar noma.

== Aikin noma ==
Girbi a Lardin Konya ya shafa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Better irrigation saves water, energy in Turkish grain hub Konya |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/better-irrigation-saves-water-energy-in-turkish-grain-hub-konya/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da ruwa ana amfani da shi don [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa|ban ruwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mafi yawan asarar ruwa saboda rashin ban ruwa ne, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor irrigation main cause of water loss, data shows – Turkey News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/poor-irrigation-main-cause-of-water-loss-data-shows-161461 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa mai yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
There are about 1500 cubic meters per person per year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ &quot;Fresh water resources in Turkey&quot;]. ''Climatechangepost.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Based to the Falkenmark Index, Turkey is ‘water stressed’ since it has 1,000-1,500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water potential per person per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Use in Turkey |url=https://water.fanack.com/turkey/water-use-in-turkey/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Fanack Water |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Precipitation can be measured by satellite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aksu |first=Hakan |last2=Akgül |first2=Mehmet Ali |date=1 October 2020 |title=Performance evaluation of CHIRPS satellite precipitation estimates over Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |language=en |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |doi=10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |issn=1434-4483 |s2cid=220062259 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfani da ruwa ==
Hydroelectricity a Turkiyya ya ragu ta hanyar canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bulut |first=U. |last2=Sakalli |first2=A. |year=2021 |title=Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1032/1/012043/meta |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=1032 |page=012043 |doi=10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012043 |s2cid=234299802 |access-date=29 March 2021 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Kungiyar Manufofin Ruwa rabin ruwan da aka nufa don bututun ruwa ya ɓace zuwa leaks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Is Turkey a water-hoarding bogeyman or yet another nation struggling with water scarcity? |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/is-turkey-a-water-hoarding-bogeyman-or-yet-another-nation-struggling-with-water-scarcity-1.1230551 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar TEMA ana cinye tan miliyan 4 a rana don hakar kwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2021-11-03 |title=Coal mining key contributor to water crisis: Turkish NGO |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/coal-mining-key-contributor-to-water-crisis-turkish-ngo/news |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na 2023 ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da karuwar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Lucia |date=2023-08-08 |title=Global hydropower generation to fall in 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/global-hydropower-generation-to-fall-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyoyin da aka ba da izini don yaki da fari sun haɗa da mafi kyawun kariya ga kogin kogi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Strategy and Action Plans |url=https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Links/11/Strategy-And-Action-Plans |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.tarimorman.gov.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; gina madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ateş |first=Hazal |date=14 December 2020 |title=Turkey's action plan to fight drought focuses on saving water sources |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkeys-action-plan-to-fight-drought-focuses-on-saving-water-sources/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Girbi ruwan sama]], amfani da [[Grey water|ruwan toka]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Rain harvesting, gray water can solve Turkey's drought: Expert |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/rain-harvesting-gray-water-can-solve-turkeys-drought-expert |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da addu'a don ruwan sama. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>cw74eaupydju8y1e8umgsamb9rjo2zi</sha1>
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      <text bytes="14462" sha1="fx1lp9vkd1r1yjf70mv74dp6vvcpihz" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kızılırmak_Delta_drought.jpg|thumb|Kızılırmak Delta Janairu Shekara ta 2021]]
'''fari''' ya zama ruwan dare a '''[[Turkiyya]]''', musamman a kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar, tare da Shekara ta 2021 kasancewa mafi bushewa a cikin shekaru ashirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2021 was the driest year in two decades in Turkey |url=https://bianet.org/english/environment/255143-2021-was-the-driest-year-in-two-decades-in-turkey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana hasashen fari zai faru akai-akai saboda Canjin yanayi, kumaA shekarar 2023 ya fara da fari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Istanbul may experience its warmest January: Experts |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-may-experience-its-warmest-january-experts-180181 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin asarar ruwa shi ne saboda rashin ban ruwa. A cikin Shekara ta2022 Bankin Duniya ya ce &quot;ba tare da sake fasalin ba, faduwar 10% a samar da ruwa a Turkiyya na iya rage GDP da kashi 6%&quot;. : 11 : 11 

== Yanayi ==

=== Yanayin yanayi ===
Yawancin [[Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya|yanayin Turkiyya]] a cikin ciki yanayi ne mai tsaka-tsaki kuma a kudanci da yammacin bakin teku Yanayin Bahar Rum wanda ke nuna fari na rani. Yanayin Turkiyya yana shafar oscillation na Arewacin Atlantic (NAO), da Cibiyar Circulation Index na Bahar Rum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Topuz |first=Muhammet |last2=Feidas |first2=Haralambos |last3=Karabulut |first3=Murat |date=2020 |title=Trend analysis of precipitation data in Turkey and relations to atmospheric circulation: (1955–2013) |url=https://riviste.fupress.net/index.php/IJAm/article/view/887 |journal=Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |language=en |issue=2 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.13128/ijam-887 |issn=2038-5625}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Cibiyar Oscillation ta Kudancin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harisuseno |first=Donny |date=1 October 2020 |title=Meteorological Drought and its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |url=https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/2410 |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1864–1875 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091588 |issn=2476-3055 |s2cid=222333797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chanjin yanayi ===
Saboda [[Chanjin yanayi]], ana hasashen matsanancin fari da ƙarancin ruwa za su ƙaru,  misali a Lardin Ankara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Climate change impact assessment on mild and extreme drought events using copulas over Ankara, Turkey |url=https://www.metu.edu.tr/tr/yayin/climate-change-impact-assessment-mild-and-extreme-drought-events-using-copulas-over-ankara |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=ODTÜ – Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Sassan ƙasar sun bushe ko kuma sun zama bushe. Tsakanin Shekarar 1931 zuwa 2010 matsanancin fari ya faru a cikin 3% na ƙasar, matsanancin fari a cikin 4% da matsakaiciyar fari a cikin Ka shi 7% .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dabanlı |first=İsmail |last2=Mishra |first2=Ashok K. |last3=Şen |first3=Zekai |date=1 September 2017 |title=Long-term spatio-temporal drought variability in Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169417305024 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=552 |pages=779–792 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.038 |issn=0022-1694 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi karancin ru[[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] Turkiyya yana kusa da TaTafkin Tuz kusan 35 cm a kowace shekara. [2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Fulya |last2=Erlat |first2=Ecmel |last3=Türkeş |first3=Murat |date=1 June 2020 |title=Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |journal=Regional Environmental Change |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=68 |doi=10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z |issn=1436-378X |s2cid=219175790 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban fari ==
Wani fari mai tsanani ya yi daidai da rushewar Daular Hittte a kusa da shekara ta 1198 zuwa 1196 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Sturt W. |last2=Kocik |first2=Cindy |last3=Lorentzen |first3=Brita |last4=Sparks |first4=Jed P. |date=February 2023 |title=Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05693-y |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=719–724 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05693-y |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9946833 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma kwanan nan a cikin A shekarar 1804 zuwa 1876 zuwa 1928,  kuma sau da yawa tun daga shekarun 1970. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Droughts in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/droughts/ |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin fari mai tsanani na baya-bayan nan ===

====A shekarar 2007 zuwa 2008 ====
Tsakanin Disamba Shekarar 2006 zuwa Disamba Shekarar 2008 akwai karancin hunturu da ruwan sama na kaka. Rashin ruwa, aikin gona da zamantakewar al'umma ya samo asali ne saboda fari na yanayi. An lura da asarar kayayyakin noma, rashin isasshen ruwa a sama da ƙasa da ruwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, rashin isassara da raguwa a cikin ruwan sha a manyan birane kamar [[Ankara]] da [[Istanbul]]. Rashin ruwa ya fi shafar yankunan Aegean, Marmara, Bahar Rum da Anatolia ta Tsakiya. An ba da ruwan sha daga Kogin Kızılırmak zuwa Ankara da kuma daga Melen Stream zuwa Istanbul . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

====A shekarar 2013 zuwa 2014 ====
Rashin fari na Gabas da Tsakiyar Anatolia na shekarar 2012 tare da fari na lokacin rani na Yanayin Bahar Rum, an fuskanci shi a matsayin matsakaici da mummunan fari a mafi yawan ƙasar a cikin shekarar 2013. Jimlar ruwan sama tsakanin 1 ga Oktoba shekara  ta 2013 da 17 ga Janairu 2014 ya kasance kusan rabin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kuma 37% a ƙasa da matsakaicin lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2020–2021 ====
[[Fayil:Turkey_drought_soil_moisture.jpg|thumb|Ruwa a cikin tushen yankin - saman mita na ƙasa - a ranar 11 ga Janairu 2021. Jar mai duhu yana nuna kasa da 2% na danshi.]]
Ruwan sama ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, kuma musamman rabin rabin shekara ta 2020, kuma fari yafi tasiri ga aikin noma a Turkiyya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210142540/https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/news/GDODroughtNews202102_Turkey.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Global Drought Observatory (GDO) of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda manyan tafkunan birni sun sami ruwan sama kafin su ƙare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=GDO Analytical Report: Drought in Turkey |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/gdo-analytical-report-drought-turkey-january-2021 |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadarin hamada ==
Fiye da kashi 60% (51.5 mil. ha) na yankunan da ke da damuwa game da muhalli suna da rauni kuma suna da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Uzuner |first=Çağlar |last2=Dengiz |first2=Orhan |date=1 July 2020 |title=Desertification risk assessment in Turkey based on environmentally sensitive areas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20302326 |journal=Ecological Indicators |language=en |volume=114 |pages=106295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106295 |issn=1470-160X |s2cid=216267688 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rage tabkuna na iya zama saboda rage ruwan sama yana cikin ɓangaren Canjin yanayi, da kuma karuwar amfani da ruwa ta hanyar noma.

== Aikin noma ==
Girbi a Lardin Konya ya shafa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Better irrigation saves water, energy in Turkish grain hub Konya |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/better-irrigation-saves-water-energy-in-turkish-grain-hub-konya/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na samar da ruwa ana amfani da shi don [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa|ban ruwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mafi yawan asarar ruwa saboda rashin ban ruwa ne, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor irrigation main cause of water loss, data shows – Turkey News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/poor-irrigation-main-cause-of-water-loss-data-shows-161461 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ban ruwa mai yawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kurnaz |first=Levent |date=April 2014 |title=Drought in Turkey |url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKurnaz2014&quot;&gt;Kurnaz, Levent (April 2014). [https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200323-16034017.pdf &quot;Drought in Turkey&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
There are about 1500 cubic meters per person per year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fresh water resources in Turkey |url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Climatechangepost.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.climatechangepost.com/turkey/fresh-water-resources/ &quot;Fresh water resources in Turkey&quot;]. ''Climatechangepost.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Based to the Falkenmark Index, Turkey is ‘water stressed’ since it has 1,000-1,500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water potential per person per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Use in Turkey |url=https://water.fanack.com/turkey/water-use-in-turkey/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Fanack Water |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Precipitation can be measured by satellite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aksu |first=Hakan |last2=Akgül |first2=Mehmet Ali |date=1 October 2020 |title=Performance evaluation of CHIRPS satellite precipitation estimates over Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |language=en |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=71–84 |doi=10.1007/s00704-020-03301-5 |issn=1434-4483 |s2cid=220062259 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran amfani da ruwa ==
Hydroelectricity a Turkiyya ya ragu ta hanyar canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bulut |first=U. |last2=Sakalli |first2=A. |year=2021 |title=Impacts of climate change and distribution of precipitation on hydroelectric power generation in Turkey |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1032/1/012043/meta |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=1032 |page=012043 |doi=10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012043 |s2cid=234299802 |access-date=29 March 2021 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Kungiyar Manufofin Ruwa rabin ruwan da aka nufa don bututun ruwa ya ɓace zuwa leaks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Is Turkey a water-hoarding bogeyman or yet another nation struggling with water scarcity? |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/is-turkey-a-water-hoarding-bogeyman-or-yet-another-nation-struggling-with-water-scarcity-1.1230551 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar TEMA ana cinye tan miliyan 4 a rana don hakar kwal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2021-11-03 |title=Coal mining key contributor to water crisis: Turkish NGO |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/coal-mining-key-contributor-to-water-crisis-turkish-ngo/news |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na 2023 ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da karuwar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Lucia |date=2023-08-08 |title=Global hydropower generation to fall in 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/global-hydropower-generation-to-fall-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyoyin da aka ba da izini don yaki da fari sun haɗa da mafi kyawun kariya ga kogin kogi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Strategy and Action Plans |url=https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Links/11/Strategy-And-Action-Plans |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.tarimorman.gov.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; gina madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ateş |first=Hazal |date=14 December 2020 |title=Turkey's action plan to fight drought focuses on saving water sources |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkeys-action-plan-to-fight-drought-focuses-on-saving-water-sources/news |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Girbi ruwan sama]], amfani da [[Grey water|ruwan toka]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=Rain harvesting, gray water can solve Turkey's drought: Expert |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/rain-harvesting-gray-water-can-solve-turkeys-drought-expert |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Daily Sabah]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da addu'a don ruwan sama. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Rashin fitarwa da aka saka</title>
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      <text bytes="12487" sha1="ctnxhpoheigwsmr6esonm93e23e49p0" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:CO₂_emissions_embedded_in_global_trade,_OWID.svg|thumb|An saka CO2 a cikin cinikayya ta duniya, 2016]]
Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a iya danganta hayakin gas mai guba shine auna hayakin da aka saka daga kayayyakin da ake cinyewa (wanda ake kira &quot; hayakin hayaki&quot;, &quot; hayakin carbon&quot;, ko &quot;carbon mai hayaki&quot;). Wannan ya bambanta da tambayar yadda manufofin wata ƙasa don rage hayaki ke shafar hayaki a wasu ƙasashe (&quot;tasirin wuce gona da iri&quot; da &quot;rashin hayaki&quot; na manufofin rage hayaki). UNFCCC tana auna hayaki bisa ga samarwa, maimakon amfani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=UK Parliament |date=10 March 2010 |title=House of Commons, minutes of evidence, taken before the Environmental Audit Committee, International Climate Change Negotiations, Rt Hon Edward Miliband MP, Mr Peter Betts and Ms Jan Thompson. Reply to Q39 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmenvaud/uc446-i/uc44602.htm |access-date=2010-04-05 |publisher=UK Parliament website}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sakamakon haka, ana danganta hayaki da aka saka a kan kayayyakin da aka shigo da su ga fitarwa, maimakon shigo da su, ƙasar. Tambayar ko auna hayaki a kan samarwa maimakon amfani wani bangare ne na daidaito, watau, wanda ke da alhakin hayaki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Toth, F.L. |display-authors=etal |year=2001 |title=Decision-making Frameworks. In: Climate Change 2001: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (B. Metz ''et al''. Eds.) |url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005032403/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.htm |archive-date=2018-10-05 |access-date=2010-01-10 |publisher=Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jam'iyyun 37 da aka jera a cikin Ƙaddamarwa B zuwa Yarjejeniyar Kyoto sun amince da alkawuran rage fitarwa ta doka. A karkashin lissafin UNFCCC na hayaki, alkawurran su na rage hayaki ba su haɗa da hayaki da ke tattare da shigo.&lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; mwka=&quot;&quot;&gt;[./Embedded_emissions#cite_note-3 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;1&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; A cikin bayanin bayani, Wang da Watson (2007) sun tambayi tambayar, &quot;wannan ne ya mallaki hayakin carbon na kasar Sin?&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wang, T. and J. Watson |date=October 2007 |title=Who Owns China's Carbon Emissions? Tyndall Centre Briefing Note No. 23 |url=http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/content/who-owns-chinas-carbon-emissions |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202043318/http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/content/who-owns-chinas-carbon-emissions |archive-date=2017-02-02 |access-date=2010-04-05 |publisher=[[Tyndall Centre]] website}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin binciken su, sun ba da shawarar cewa kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na hayakin CO2 na kasar Sin na iya zama sakamakon samar da kayayyaki don fitarwa, da farko zuwa Amurka amma kuma zuwa Turai. Dangane da wannan, sun ba da shawarar cewa tattaunawar kasa da kasa da ta dogara da hayaki a cikin ƙasa (watau, hayaki da aka auna ta hanyar samarwa) na iya zama &quot;[rashin] batun&quot;.

Binciken 2010 ya tabbatar da cewa, a cikin shekara ta 2004, kashi 23% na hayaki na duniya an saka su cikin kayayyakin da ake kasuwanci a duniya, galibi suna gudana daga China da kasashe masu tasowa, kamar Rasha da Afirka ta Kudu, zuwa Amurka, Turai da Japan. Wadannan jihohi an haɗa su a cikin rukuni na goma, da Gabas ta Tsakiya, waɗanda suka kai kashi 71% na jimlar bambancin fitar da hayaki na yanki. A Yammacin Turai bambancin shigo da fitar da hayaki yana da mahimmanci, tare da hayaki da aka shigo da shi wanda ya kai kashi 20-50% na hayaki da ake amfani da shi. Yawancin hayakin da aka canja tsakanin waɗannan jihohin suna ƙunshe a cikin cinikin injuna, kayan lantarki, sunadarai, roba da filastik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Davis, S. K. and K. Caldeira |date=March 2010 |title=Consumption-based Accounting of {{CO2}} Emissions |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |publisher=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=107 |issue=12 |pages=5687–92 |bibcode=2010PNAS..107.5687D |doi=10.1073/pnas.0906974107 |pmc=2851800 |pmid=20212122 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bincike da Carbon Trust ya yi a cikin  ya kara tabbatar da cewa kusan kashi 25% na duk hayakin CO daga ayyukan ɗan adam 'yafi' (watau shigo da su ko fitar da su) daga ƙasa ɗaya zuwa wata. An gano kwararar carbon ta kasance kusan kashi 50% da ke da alaƙa da cinikayya a cikin kayayyaki kamar ƙarfe, siminti, da sunadarai, da kuma kashi 50% a cikin samfuran da aka kammala / kammala kamar motoci, tufafi ko kayan aiki da kayan aiki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2011 |title=International Carbon Flows |url=http://www.carbontrust.com/resources/reports/advice/international-carbon-flows |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801094102/https://www.carbontrust.com/resources/reports/advice/international-carbon-flows/ |archive-date=1 August 2018 |access-date=12 November 2012 |publisher=Carbon Trust}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Carbon da aka ƙera a cikin gini ==
An kiyasta cewa carbon da ke cikin gine-gine ya ƙidaya kashi 11% na hayakin carbon na duniya da kashi 75% na hayakin gini a duk rayuwarsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Berg |first=Nate |date=2021-02-04 |title=Energy efficiency is no longer enough. This is the next big challenge for green building |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90601015/energy-efficiency-is-no-longer-enough-this-is-the-next-big-challenge-for-green-building |access-date=2021-08-12 |website=Fast Company |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Majalisar Green Building ta Duniya ta kafa manufa ga duk sabbin gine-gine su sami akalla kashi 40% ƙasa da carbon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rubidge |first=Lloyd |date=2020-10-28 |title=Embodied Carbon: An Architect's View |url=https://positive-impact.africa/embodied-carbon-an-architects-view/ |url-status= |access-date=2021-08-12 |website=+IMPACT Magazine |language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Binciken sake zagayowar rayuwa don carbon da aka ƙayyade yana lissafin carbon da aka yi amfani da shi a kowane mataki na rayuwar gini: gini, amfani da kiyayewa, da rushewa ko rushewa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Westwood |first=Tom |date=2021-08-06 |title=Why Embodied Energy is the Elephant in the Room |url=https://www.bristolhousingfestival.org.uk/blog/embodied-carbon |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812165535/https://www.bristolhousingfestival.org.uk/blog/embodied-carbon |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=2021-08-12 |website=Bristol Housing Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sake amfani shine mahimmin la'akari yayin magance carbon da aka ƙayyade a cikin gini. An san masanin gine-gine Carl Elefante da kirkirar wannan magana, &quot;Ginin da ya fi kore shine ginin da aka riga aka gina. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Embodied Carbon in Buildings conference speakers |url=https://www.architects.org/embodied-carbon-in-buildings-conference/embodied-carbon-in-buildings-conference-speakers?token=BNFByUeXeuJHhwoyKtg6cwboc08GDdKb |access-date=2021-08-12 |website=Boston Society for Architecture |language=en |archive-date=2021-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812154107/https://www.architects.org/embodied-carbon-in-buildings-conference/embodied-carbon-in-buildings-conference-speakers?token=BNFByUeXeuJHhwoyKtg6cwboc08GDdKb |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dalilin da gine-ginen da ke akwai yawanci sun fi dorewa fiye da sababbin gine-gine shine cewa yawan hayakin carbon wanda ke faruwa yayin gina sabon gini yana da girma idan aka kwatanta da hayakin aiki na shekara-shekara na ginin, musamman yayin da ayyukan suka zama mafi ingancin makamashi da kuma samar da makamashi sauyawa zuwa sabon ƙarni mai sabuntawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Architecture 2030 |title=New Buildings: Embodied Carbon |url=https://architecture2030.org/new-buildings-embodied/ |url-status= |access-date=2021-08-12 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Baya ga sake amfani, da kuma [[Hakar ma'adinai|cirewa]] kayan aiki, wanda sau da yawa yana da asusun manyan matakan carbon, akwai manyan wurare biyu na mayar da hankali wajen rage carbon a cikin gini. Na farko shine rage yawan kayan gini ('masu gina') yayin da na biyu shine maye gurbin ƙananan kayan carbon. Yawanci - inda rage carbon da aka ƙunshe shine burin - ana magance waɗannan duka biyun.

Sau da yawa, mafi mahimmancin iyaka don rage yawan gine-gine ana samun su a cikin ƙirar tsari, inda matakan kamar rage katako ko tsayin dutse (da haɓaka da ke tattare da yawa a cikin ginshiƙan) na iya samar da babban tanadin carbon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author-link=Buro Happold |title=Embodied Carbon Sensitivity Study |url=https://www.istructe.org/IStructE/media/Public/Resources/case-study-embodied-carbon-routes-to-reduction-20200406.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Don taimakawa maye gurbin kayan aiki ([[karfe]] da ƙananan madadin carbon), masana'antun kayan kamar ƙarfe, ƙarfe re-bar, glulam, da ƙarfe na ƙarfe yawanci suna ba da Bayyanawar Samfurin Muhalli (EPD) wanda ke tabbatar da tasirin carbon da tasirin muhalli na samfuran su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-05-15 |title=Embodied Energy and Carbon |url=https://www.ice.org.uk/knowledge-and-resources/briefing-sheet/embodied-energy-and-carbon |access-date=2021-08-12 |website=Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayanan bayanai waɗanda ke tara ƙimar carbon da aka ƙayyade daga EPD da sauran tushe kamar karatun ilimi, suna ba da ƙimar carbon na kayan da yawa a wuri ɗaya, duk da haka yawan masu canji da aka haɗa a lissafin carbon da aka haɗa na kayan gini ya sa ƙimar a cikin bayanan da ke da wuyar kwatanta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Vaughan |first=Josephine |last2=Evans |first2=Rebecca |last3=Sher |first3=Willy |date=2024 |title=Embodied Carbon Inventories for the Australian Built Environment: A Scoping Review |journal=Buildings |volume=14 |issue=3 |page=840 |doi=10.3390/buildings14030840 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rage amfani da kayan carbon mai yawa na iya nufin zaɓar ƙananan nau'ikan carbon na gilashi da samfuran ƙarfe, da samfuran da aka ƙera ta amfani da ƙananan hanyoyin samar da makamashi. Ana iya rage carbon da aka ƙera a cikin gine-ginen kankare ta hanyar amfani da madadin Ciminti na Portland kamar su Ground granulated blast-furnace slag, recycled aggregates da masana'antu by-product. Carbon-neutral, carbon positive, da carbon-storing kayan sun hada da bio-based kayan kamar katako, bamboo, hemp fiber da Hempcrete, ulu, dense-pack cellulose insulation, da cork.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Varriale |first=Fabrizio |date=2021-05-27 |title=The other side of the coin: Understanding embodied carbon |url=https://www.rics.org/en-hk/wbef/megatrends/natural-environment/the-other-side-of-the-coin-understanding-embodiehttps://www.rics.org/en-hk/wbef/megatrends/natural-environment/the-other-side-of-the-coin-understanding-embodied-carbon/d-carbon/ |url-status= |access-date=2021-08-12 |website=RICS World Built Environment Forum}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Knopps |first=Abigail |last2=Jain |first2=Diksha |date=14 December 2020 |title=Carbon-Positive Materials: No Longer Far-Fetched, Increasingly Available – My amast |url=https://amast.com/elementor-32898/ |url-status= |access-date=2021-08-12 |website=AMAST |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pak |first=Anthony |date=2020-11-01 |title=Embodied Carbon: Key Considerations for Key Materials |url=https://www.canadianarchitect.com/embodied-carbon-key-considerations-for-key-materials/ |url-status= |access-date=2021-08-12 |website=Canadian Architect |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2021 wanda ya mayar da hankali kan &quot;kayan hotspot masu yawa (misali, tushe na kankare da bene, rufin rufi da bangon bango, da tsarin tsari) a cikin gine-ginen masana'antu masu haske&quot; ya kiyasta cewa &quot;ragewa mai yawa (~ 60%) a cikin carbon mai ƙwayoyin halitta yana yiwuwa a cikin shekaru biyu zuwa uku ta hanyar kawo kayan ƙaramin carbon da ke samuwa a cikin amfani da yawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kriegh |first=Julie |date=2021-02-17 |title=Carbon-Storing Materials: Summary Report |url=https://carbonleadershipforum.org/carbon-storing-materials/ |url-status= |access-date=2021-08-12 |website=Carbon Leadership Forum |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Hukumar Nukiliya ta Malaysia</title>
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'''Hukumar Nukiliya ta [[Harshen Malay|Malay]]''' (Malay: Agensi '''Nuklear Malaysia''', '''ANM''') ko Nuklear [[Maleshiya|Malaysian]] cibiyar bincike ce ta fasahar nukiliya da ke Bangi, Selangor .

 
ANM ta gabatar da inganta aikace-aikacen kimiyyar nukiliya da fasaha don ci gaban ƙasa.

Tana kusa da Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Malaysia (UKM) da Cibiyar Kwayar Kwayar Kwalejin Malaysia (MGVI) a Bangi.

== Tarihi ==
An kafa shi a ranar 19 ga Satumba 1972, ANM an san shi da Cibiyar Aikace-aikacen Nukiliya ta Malaysia (CRANE). An kira shi Tun Ismail Atomic Research Center (PUSPATI). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 Feb 2025 |title=History of Nuklear Malaysia |url=https://www.nuclearmalaysia.gov.my/eng/sejarah.php |access-date=9 Feb 2025 |website=Malaysian Nuclear Agency}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 1982, ANM ta fara aiki na TRIGA PUSPATI Reactor (RTP) kuma reactor ya kai ga mahimmancin farko a ranar 28 ga Yuni 1982. Yana da nau'in bincike na nukiliya na tafki tare da ainihinsa wanda ke ƙasa da tankin aluminum mai zurfin mita 7 kuma an kewaye shi da garkuwar halittu wanda ya dogara da kankare mai yawa. Mai sarrafa wutar lantarki yana amfani da uranium mai wadata da zirconium-hydride (U-ZrH1.6) a matsayin abubuwa masu zargi, yayin da ruwa mai narkewa ke aiki a matsayin mai sanyaya da mai daidaitawa, kuma graphite yana aiki a matsayin neutron reflector. TRIGA PUSPATI kuma ita ce ta farko kuma kawai ta nukiliya a Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 Feb 2025 |title=TRIGA PUSPATI Reactor |url=https://www.nuclearmalaysia.gov.my/eng/kemudahan-rnd.php?id=1 |access-date=9 Feb 2025 |website=Malaysian Nuclear Agency}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 Feb 2025 |title=R&amp;D Activities - Nuclear Reactor Technology |url=https://www.nuclearmalaysia.gov.my/eng/rndActivities.php |access-date=9 Feb 2025 |website=Malaysian Nuclear Agency}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin 1983, an sanya PUSPATI a karkashin kulawar Firayim Minista kuma an kira shi Nuclear Energy Unit (UTN). An sanya shi a karkashin Ma'aikatar Kimiyya, Fasaha da Muhalli a watan Oktoba 1990. A watan Agustan 1994, an canza sunansa zuwa Cibiyar Nazarin Fasahar Nukiliya ta Malaysia (MINT). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 Feb 2025 |title=History of Nuklear Malaysia |url=https://www.nuclearmalaysia.gov.my/eng/sejarah.php |access-date=9 Feb 2025 |website=Malaysian Nuclear Agency}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.nuclearmalaysia.gov.my/eng/sejarah.php &quot;History of Nuklear Malaysia&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 28 ga Satumba 2006, bayan sake fasalinsa, an ba MINT sabon ainihi, wanda shine Hukumar Nukiliya ta Malaysia. Yanayinta na dabarun, kusa da cibiyoyin ilimi mafi girma. Yana kusa da Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Kasa, Putrajaya, da Multimedia Super Corridor, Cyberjaya . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 Feb 2025 |title=History of Nuklear Malaysia |url=https://www.nuclearmalaysia.gov.my/eng/sejarah.php |access-date=9 Feb 2025 |website=Malaysian Nuclear Agency}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.nuclearmalaysia.gov.my/eng/sejarah.php &quot;History of Nuklear Malaysia&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Sake fasalin ya biyo bayan sake fasalin taro da sake daidaita ainihin kasuwancinsa zuwa kafa makamashin nukiliya a Malaysia a matsayin madadin makamashi mai sabuntawa.

== Ayyukan ƙungiya ==
Ayyukan ANM sune:

* Gudanar da bincike da ci gaba, ayyuka da horo a fagen fasahar nukiliya don ci gaban kasa
* Karfafa aikace-aikace, canja wuri da kasuwanci na fasahar nukiliya
* Gudanar da kuma gudanar da harkokin nukiliya na kasa da na kasa, kuma aiki a matsayin hukumar hulɗa tare da Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya da Kungiyar Yarjejeniyar haramtawar Nukiliya ta Duniya

== Manazarta ==
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  <page>
    <title>Diana Sacayán</title>
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{| class=&quot;infobox biography vcard&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;font-size:125%;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;Diana Sacayán&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Diana_Sacayán.jpg|alt=Diana Sacayán|frameless]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;Diana Sacayán a cikin 2010&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |An haife shi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;1975-12-31&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; 31 Disamba 1975&lt;div class=&quot;birthplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;[[Tucumán]], Argentina&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ya mutu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |11 Oktoba 2015 &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(2015-10-11)&lt;/span&gt; (shekaru 39) &lt;div class=&quot;deathplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Dalilin mutuwa&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Homicide|Kisan kai]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Clarin2020&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=2020-10-06 |title=Confirman la prisión perpetua para el asesino de Diana Sacayán, pero sin el agravante por odio de género |trans-title=Life imprisonment confirmed for the murderer of Diana Sacayán, but without the aggravating circumstance of gender hatred |url=https://www.clarin.com/sociedad/confirman-prision-perpetua-asesino-diana-sacayan-agravante-odio-genero_0_sVBSflGUa.html |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wurin hutawa
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |Kabari na Lar de Paz, [[González Catán]] &lt;ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot;&gt;[https://www.telediariodigital.net/2015/10/adios-a-diana-sacayan-ella-dejo-un-legado-hay-que-continuar-su-lucha/ &quot;Adiós a Diana Sacayán: &quot;Ella dejó un legado, hay que continuar su lucha&quot;&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714000813/https://www.telediariodigital.net/2015/10/adios-a-diana-sacayan-ella-dejo-un-legado-hay-que-continuar-su-lucha/ |date=2024-07-14 }} &amp;#x5B;Goodbye to Diana Sacayán: “She left a legacy, we must continue her fight”&amp;#x5D;. ''Tele Diario Digital'' (in Spanish). Imperio Televisión S.A. 16 October 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 June&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Aiki
| class=&quot;infobox-data role&quot; |[[Activist|mai fafutuka]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Shekaru masu aiki&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2001 – 2015
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ƙungiya (s) 
| class=&quot;infobox-data org&quot; |Anti-Discrimination Movement of Liberation (MAL), wanda ya kafa  [[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association|ILGA]], jagora  [[National Institute Against Discrimination, Xenophobia and Racism|INADI]], memba &lt;ref name=&quot;Agencia52518&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Ludueña |first1=María Eugenia |last2=Fornaro |first2=Ana |date=2018-05-25 |title=#DianaSacayán &quot;La muerte violenta de una travesti es un travesticidio&quot;, dijo fiscalía |trans-title=#DianaSacayán &quot;The violent death of a transvestite is a transvesticide,&quot; said the prosecutor's office |url=https://agenciapresentes.org/2018/05/25/dianasacayan-la-muerte-violenta-de-una-travesti-es-un-travesticidio-dijo-fiscalia/ |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=Agencia Presentes |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;:&lt;sup class=&quot;reference nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Page / location: 270&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;270&amp;#x200A;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CR121215&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=2016-11-09 |title=Juzgarán a un acusado por el travesticidio de Diana Sacayán |trans-title=They will judge an accused for the transvesticicide of Diana Sacayán |url=https://www.cosecharoja.org/juzgaran-un-acusado-por-el-travesticidio-de-diana-sacayan/ |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=Cosecha Roja |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PaG-8&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Sosa |first=Lorena |date=2020-09-18 |title=Now You See Me? The Visibility of Trans and Travesti Experiences in Criminal Procedures |url=https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/2804/1746 |journal=Politics and Governance |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=266–277 |doi=10.17645/PAG.V8I3.2804 |issn=2183-2463 |s2cid=224980526 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |An san shi da&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Diana Sacayán Law Diana Sacayón - Lohana Berkins Law[es]&lt;br /&gt;[[Diana Sacayán – Lohana Berkins Law|Diana Sacayán - Dokar Lohana Berkins]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Jam'iyyar siyasa
| class=&quot;infobox-data org&quot; |[[Communist Party of Argentina|Kwaminisanci]] (kafin 2011) [[Independent politician|Mai zaman kansa]] (2011-2015) &lt;br /&gt;
|}
'''Amancay Diana Sacayán''' (31 Disamba 1975  - 11 Oktoba 2015) dan LGBT dan kasar [[Argentina]] ne kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam wanda ya yi gwagwarmayar kare haƙƙin shari'a na travesti da transgender mutane a Argentina.

Ta kafa kungiyar Anti-Discrimination Movement of Liberation (MAL)  kuma ta kasance wani ɓangare na National Front for the Gender Identity Act a Argentina a lokacin muhawara ta jama'a kan Dokar 26,743 kan Gender Identité.  A watan Yunin 2012, ta zama mutum na farko da ya yi takarar Mai ba da shawara, yana takarar La Matanza Partido . &lt;ref name=&quot;Clarin18&quot; /&gt; A ranar 2 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2012, ta zama mace ta farko ta Argentina da ta karbi katin shaidar kasa da ke tabbatar da jinsi. Shugaba Cristina Kirchner ne ya ba ta.

An kashe Sacayán a ranar 11 ga Oktoba 2015.  A ranar 18 ga watan Yunin shekarar 2018, Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta 4 ta [[Buenos Aires]] ta yanke wa daya daga cikin masu kisan kanta hukunci, inda ta yanke hukunci wanda ya amince, a karo na farko a cikin tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka na Argentina, kisan wani travesti a matsayin [[Laifin kiyayya|Laifin ƙiyayya]] da ya shafi asalin jinsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;elpaistravesticidio&quot; /&gt; An yi amfani da tanadi a Mataki na 80, sakin layi na 4 na Dokar Shari'a ta Argentina don cimma shawarar. Koyaya, wannan bangare na mummunan kisan ya soke shi a cikin yanke shawara ta Majalisar Kasuwanci ta Kasa a cikin Batutuwan Laifuka da Gyara a ranar 2 ga Oktoba 2020, kodayake an tabbatar da hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai.

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
An haifi Amancay Diana Sacayán a Tucumán a kan 31 Disamba 1975. Kakaninta su ne Diaguita. Sa’ad da take ƙuruciya, danginta sun ƙaura zuwa Gregorio de Laferrère, Buenos Aires. Ta yi rayuwar talauci tare da 'yan uwanta 15.

Sacayán ya fito ne a matsayin travesti yana da shekara goma sha bakwai. Ta sami allurar silicone a cikin ƙirjinta da ƙafarta daga wani ɗan'uwa, hanyar da ba ta ba da shawarar ga wasu ba saboda damuwa game da tsabta. : 7 Sacayán ta yi aiki a matsayin karuwa na tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu  kafin ta shiga cikin gwagwarmaya a shekara ta 2001. &lt;ref name=&quot;LP2003-CP&quot; /&gt; : 7 {{Rp|7}}

Ta yi karatun Ilimi na Jama'a a Jami'ar Madres . 

== Yunkurin fafutuka ==

=== Kasancewa ===
Sacayán ya yi takarar neman mukamin mashawarcin makaranta tare da Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci don zaben da aka gudanar a ranar 24 ga Agusta 2003.  : 4 {{Rp|4}}

Ta yi takara a matsayin Mai ba da shawara na La Matanza Partido a shekarar 2012, ta zama dan takarar farko na irin wannan matsayi. Sacayán ya kasance mai zaman kansa a zaben, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan takara bakwai. An rage filin zuwa 'yan takara uku kafin' yan majalisa 24 su zabe a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2012: mai mulki Silvia Caprino, Sacayán, da Omar Frade. Sacayán ta sami kuri'u na biyu mafi girma a zaben, tare da Caprino ta riƙe ofishinta bayan ta sami kuriʼu 17.

=== Ƙungiyoyin ===
Sacayán ya kirkiro kungiyar Anti-Discrimination Movement of Liberation (MAL), wata kungiya mai zaman kanta, a shekara ta 2001.  Ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofin kungiyar shine jaddada karfafawa ga mutanen LGBTI ta hanyar saduwa da haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali, daga horar da aiki da shirye-shiryen takaddun shaida  zuwa kafa ofishin kiwon lafiya don bukatun kiwon lafiya na hankali da na Jima'i a cikin al'ummar LGBT a duka Morón  da La Matanza.  Sacayán da MAL sun yi aiki a kai a kai don shawo kan ra'ayin karuwanci kasancewa aiki mai inganci da gaske  maimakon sakamakon kai tsaye na rashin damar aiki.  Ka'idodin hadawa da travesti, transsexual, da transgender mutane daga ƙarshe sun haifar da kirkirar Dokar Gender ta Kasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ley Nacional de Identidad de Género |trans-title=National Gender Identity Law |url=http://servicios.infoleg.gob.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/195000-199999/197860/norma.htm |access-date=31 October 2016 |website=servicios.infoleg.gob.ar |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baya ga aikinta tare da MAL, Sacayán ta kuma yi aiki a kan kwamitin kungiyar Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans da Intersex Association ta Duniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ref00&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Glum |first=Julia |date=15 October 2015 |title=Who Is Diana Sacayán? Transgender Activist In Argentina Found Dead After Possible Hate Crime |url=https://www.ibtimes.com/who-diana-sacayan-transgender-activist-argentina-found-dead-after-possible-hate-crime-2142072 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016125247/http://www.ibtimes.com/who-diana-sacayan-transgender-activist-argentina-found-dead-after-possible-hate-crime-2142072 |archive-date=2015-10-16 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=[[International Business Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Buenos Aires ta fitar da wata sanarwa, wanda kafofin watsa labarai suka sake bugawa, wanda MAL ya ba da sunan kai tsaye a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ga zartar da ƙuduri 2359, bisa ga doka 13.175 (daidai da samun damar kiwon lafiya), a ranar 5 ga Yuli 2007 wanda ke buƙatar duk ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a lardin Buenos Aires sun yi wa marasa lafiya da sunayen da suka fi so. Birnin Santa Fe ya zartar da irin wannan doka, Resolution 1877/09, kamar yadda birnin Buenos Aires ya yi, Dokar 3.062.

MAL da wasu kungiyoyi da yawa sun ba da shawarar cancantar al'ummar trans a Argentina don samun isassun gidaje da tsarin mulki ya ba da tabbacin a 2009. Duk da haƙƙin da aka tanadar a sashe na 14a na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Ƙasa, an hana masu yin maza da mata da maza da mata da maza da mata su shiga cikin Tsarin Gidajen Tarayya a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Shugaba Cristina Kirchner. &lt;ref name=&quot;ANR-FHP&quot; /&gt;

Tare da kungiyar Berkins don gwagwarmaya don Travesti da Transsexual Identity (ALITT),  Sacayán ya kuma taimaka wajen kafa hadin gwiwar Silvia Rivera, ƙungiyar da ke mai da hankali kan horar da membobin al'ummar trans don aiki a cikin sabis na abinci da masana'antar abinci.  Sun yi rajista tare da INAES yayin da suke ƙoƙarin kafa gidan cin abinci a La Matanza don horo.[es] Magajin garin Fernando Espinoza ya hana ci gaban hadin gwiwar ta hanyar kin ganawa da shugabannin ta a cikin 2011 game da wurin zahiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;SRcoop&quot; /&gt; Ta kuma yi aiki tare da Marlene Wayar, wanda ya kafa El Teje - jaridar farko a Latin Amurka - da Sakataren Ayyuka Enrique Deibe don horar da malamai 500 da masu gudanar da ilimi kan bambancin.&lt;ref name=&quot;LaCiu-SRcoop&quot; /&gt; Shirin ya haifar da mutane 20 na LGBT da suka sami takardar shaidar ilimin su a La Matanza da Morón.&lt;ref name=&quot;LaCiu-SRcoop&quot; /&gt; Sacayán ta kuma yi aiki tare da Deibe a watan Satumbar 2011  wajen inganta wani taron da ta iya shawo kan kusan masu halarta 200 da bukatar travesti, transsexuals, da transgender mutane don samun damar yin aiki na gargajiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;LaCiu-SRcoop&quot; /&gt;

Mummunan harin da aka kai kan Nahuel Albornoz a cikin 2014 a Virrey del Pino, Sacayán - a madadin MAL - da kungiyar Matasa don Diversity (JxD) sun nemi a samar da wani yanki don magance rashin daidaiton da mutanen LGBT ke fuskanta wanda kuma zai ba da damar ilimantar da al'umma kan hakkokinsu da kuma yin aiki tare da rage girman mutuncin kasar Argentina. tatsuniyoyi na kuskure.

Yawancin kungiyoyin kare hakkin jama'a na LGBT sun taru don yin aiki tare da Diana Conti a cikin 2014 a yunƙurin kafa Project 8194 wanda zai buƙaci gwamnati ta biya diyya ga mutanen da hukumomin gwamnati suka kama bisa tushen jima'i ko yanayin.

=== Ganuwa ===
[[Fayil:Cristina_Sacayán_DNI.jpg|thumb|Diana Sacayán tare da shugabar ƙasar a lokacin Cristina Fernández de Kirchner suna karɓar Takardun Shaida ta Ƙasa, bayan da aka amince da Dokar Shaida Gender a 2012 a Argentina.]]
A ranar 2 ga Yuli, 2012, ta karɓi katin shaidar ɗan ƙasa a matsayin mace da kanta daga tsohuwar shugabar Argentina, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. &lt;ref name=&quot;ref01&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 October 2015 |title=Argentina's third violent transgender death in a month sparks call for justice |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/14/argentina-transgender-women-violence-cristina-fernandez |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015143113/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/14/argentina-transgender-women-violence-cristina-fernandez |archive-date=2015-10-15 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sacayán, tare da Berkins, sun taimaka a zanga-zangar a duk faɗin ƙasar a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 2015 suna yanke hukuncin kisa a Argentina.&lt;ref name=&quot;PaG-8&quot;/&gt; :{{Rp|269}} Yunkurin ya bazu zuwa wasu ƙasashe da yawa a ƙarƙashin sunan Ni una menos . &lt;ref name=&quot;PaG-8&quot; /&gt; : 269 {{Rp|269}}

=== Kaddamarwa ===
An kama Sacayán a lokuta da yawa saboda keta ka'idojin laifi bayan ya fito saboda ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a Buenos Aires a lokacin ya zama travesti. An kama ta a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 2001, a Don Bosco, kuma an tuhume ta da fashi.&lt;ref name=&quot;UN2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite report|last1=Nigel Rodley}}&lt;/ref&gt; An tsare ta tare da fursunoni maza kuma an bar ta ba tare da abinci ko bargo ba har kwana da yawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;UN2002&quot; /&gt; Bayan an sake ta, ta bayyana cewa an azabtar da ita kuma ainihin dalilin da ya sa aka kama ta shine kin ba da cin hanci ga 'yan sanda. Karamin sakatare na shari'a na lardin Buenos Aires ya yarda cewa ta ci gaba da tsare Sacayán a Don Bosco saboda kasancewarta 'yar iska, kuma shugaban wannan sashe na gidan yarin ya gabatar da rahoto game da 'zargin' Sacayán.&lt;ref name=&quot;UN2002&quot; /&gt; A ranar 19 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2001, an sake kama Sacayán, a wannan lokacin saboda rawar da ta taka a zanga-zangar. : 4, 7 {{Rp|4, 7}}

Ta sadu da Lohana Berkins lokacin da ta yi watanni tara a kurkuku a Florencio Varela .  : 7 Berkins ya ba da taimakon shari'a da kuma tattauna kan Hagu tare da Sacayán . &lt;ref name=&quot;LP2003-CP&quot; /&gt; : 7 Sa’ad da take magana game da lokacin da take tsare a hannun ‘yan sanda a wani edita na 2012, Sacayán ta bayyana sarai yadda wani jami’in ya yi mata dukan tsiya kuma ya bukaci ta yi watsi da kanta.

Lokacin da aka kama ta tare da 'yar'uwarta Johana a ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2004,  kungiyar 'yan gurguzu ta mata Bread and Roses [es] ta goyi bayan ayyukanta.  Magoya bayan kungiyoyi da yawa - jimlar akalla mutane 4,000 - sun taru a Plaza de Mayo kuma sun bukaci a saki fursunoni da yawa waɗanda aka tsare su ne kawai saboda dalilai na siyasa. 'Yan sanda sun saki Sacayán daga kurkuku amma sun tsare ta a gidan yari.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANRed-HA04&quot; /&gt; Dukansu Diana da Johana sun gabatar da korafe-korafe goma sha ɗaya a kan yankin Laferrere na huɗu saboda tsare-tsare ba bisa ka'ida ba; Diana ta ba da shaida a gaban Sakatariyar 'Yancin Dan Adam a Buenos Aires sau uku da Ma'aikatar Shari'a sau ɗaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANRed-HA04&quot; /&gt;

A ranar 9 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2015, yayin da Sacayán da 'yar gwagwarmayar trans Sonia Pamela Díaz suka jira su shiga Metrobus, wani da ke tafiya ya wuce su ya zagi su kuma ya fara kai musu hari. 'Yan sanda sun amsa ta hanyar kama Sacayán, Díaz, da kuma wani mai fafutuka, Martín Lanfranco; &lt;ref name=&quot;LQD-2015&quot; /&gt; Sacayán ya bayyana cewa jami'an sun yi amfani da taser a kanta.  An tura Sacayán cikin zirga-zirga a gaban taksi mai zuwa, amma ya sami damar yin birki kuma ya guje wa bugawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;LQD-2015&quot; /&gt; 'Yan sanda sun saki masu fafutuka washegari, &lt;ref name=&quot;LQD-2015&quot; /&gt; bayan sun tsare su tsakanin sa'o'i tara zuwa goma, wanda ya sa Sacayán ya gabatar da korafi. &lt;ref name=&quot;TVP-15&quot; /&gt;

== Mutuwa ==
An kashe Sacayán a cikin gidanta a Flores, Buenos Aires tsakanin maraice na 10 ga Oktoba da safiyar 11 ga Oktoba 2015 ta wasu mahara biyu. An daure ta da mari, an daure ta, aka yi mata duka. Daya daga cikin maharan ya buge ta da karfi a fuska har wani bangare na tafin takalminsu ya kwanta a cikin fata a karkashin hancinta. An caka mata wuka har sau 13.
[[Fayil:Militante_de_M.A.L.jpg|thumb|Mai zanga-zangar a cikin Maris daga Plaza de Mayo zuwa Majalisa, tafiya ta farko ta kasa game da kisan kai, 28 Yuni 2016 . ]]
Masu fafutuka sun ci gaba da zanga-zangar a shekara mai zuwa lokacin da shari'ar ta kasance ba a warware ba; Muzaharar farko ta kasa don nuna adawa da kisan kiyashi, wanda ya fara a Plaza de Mayo kuma ya ƙare a ginin Majalisa, ya gudana a ranar 28 ga Yuni 2016.

Ɗaya daga cikin korafe-korafe game da yadda ake gudanar da bincike game da kisan Sacayán shine cewa 'yan sanda sun bi da shi a matsayin kisan mata kawai.  Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta [[Amnesty International]] ta mayar da martani game da kisan gillar da aka yi, inda ta bayyana cewa idan Argentina ba ta yi bincike sosai ba tare da gurfanar da wadanda suka aikata laifin ba, wadanda suka kashe Sacayán - da kuma wadanda ke da alhakin kisan Marcela Chocobar da Coty Olmos da suka faru a cikin wata daya kafin mutuwar Sacayán - za su fahimci rashin daukar mataki a matsayin amincewa da kisan gilla.

'Yan sanda sun kama wadanda ake zargi biyu: Gabriel David Marino da Felix R.  Saboda babu isassun shaidun da za a gurfanar da Felix R., masu shigar da kara a cikin shari'ar sun bukaci a gurfanar da Marino a gaban shari'a shi kadai don a kiyaye karar daga rufe 'ba a warware ba'. A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 2018, Kotun hukunta masu aikata laifuka ta baka 4 ta yanke hukuncin cewa Marino zai ci gaba da kasancewa a gidan yari har zuwa aƙalla 27 ga Yuni 2018 har sai an kammala shari'ar.

An fara shari'ar Marino ne a ranar 12 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2018. A karo na farko a tarihi, Mai Shari'a na Argentina ya yarda cewa kisan ya kasance &quot;laifuka ce ta ƙiyayya game da asalin travesti&quot;, wanda aka sani da &quot;travesticide&quot;  ko &quot;transvesticide&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Radi |first=Blas |last2=Sardá-Chandiramani |first2=Alejandra |year=2016 |title=Travesticide / transfemicide: Coordinates to think crimes against travestis and trans women in Argentina |url=https://www.aacademica.org/blas.radi/15.pdf |access-date=April 10, 2019 |website=Bulletin of the Gender Observatory of the Justice of the City of Buenos Aires |publisher=Acta Académica}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Spanish: travesticidio; wani nau'i na &quot;travest&quot; da &quot;kisan kai&quot;). &lt;ref name=&quot;batravesticidio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2018 |title=Killer handed life sentence for brutal murder in historic transvesticide trial |url=http://www.batimes.com.ar/news/argentina/killer-handed-life-sentence-for-brutal-murder-in-historic-transvesticide-trial.phtml |access-date=April 10, 2019 |website=[[Buenos Aires Herald]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;elpaistravesticidio&quot; /&gt; An yanke wa Marino hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai a ranar 18 ga Yuni 2018. Masu gwagwarmayar LGBT sun yi bikin hukuncin kuma an dauke su &quot;wani misali na canje-canjen [social] da ke gudana a Argentina. &quot;  INADI ta yi bikin hukuncin a matsayin ci gaba zuwa ga Argentina mai hadawa. 

A ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 2019, Minista Patricia Bullrich ta ba da tukuicin pesos 500,000 na Argentine ta amfani da ƙuduri 67/2019 don bayanin da ya kai ga kama maharin na biyu. An ƙara adadin zuwa pesos miliyan 2 na Argentine a ranar 12 ga Janairu 2022, bisa ga ƙuduri 36/2022.

A ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 2020, Majalisar Kararraki ta Kasa kan Laifuka da Gyarawa ta tabbatar da hukuncin Marino; duk da haka, sun cire bangaren transvestide, suna bayyana cewa an tsananta tashin hankali bisa jinsin Sacayán. A cikin shawarar da ya yanke, Alkalin Jorge Luis Rimondi ya yi sharhi cewa yankan ƙirjin Sacayán bai nuna niyyar isar da sako game da asalin jinsi ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clarin2020&quot; /&gt; Ya kuma ambaci rashin wani rahoto na baya daga Sacayán cewa Marino ya bayyana ra'ayoyin transphobic kuma cewa kisan bai faru a ranar da ta dace ba ga al'ummar LGBT a matsayin dalilin da ya sa za a soke takamaiman fasalin hukuncin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clarin2020&quot; /&gt; Har ila yau, ya ba da misali da rashin wani rahoto na baya daga Sacayán cewa Marino ya bayyana ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa da kuma cewa kisan kai bai faru a wata muhimmiyar rana ga al'ummar LGBT ba a matsayin dalilin soke wani yanki na musamman na hukuncin. Kotun Koli ta amince da wannan shawarar, tare da kuri'un memba mara kyau García-Mansilla . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=El fallo sobre Diana Sacayán que García Mansilla firmó mientras el Senado rechazaba su pliego |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/815732-el-fallo-sobre-diana-sacayan-que-garcia-mansilla-firmo-mient}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyauta ==
A ranar 17 ga Satumba 2015, majalisar dokoki ta Buenos Aires ta zartar da [[Diana Sacayán Law|Dokar 14783]] [es], ko Dokar Quota na Ayyuka na Travesti Transsexual, wanda ya sanya shi abin da ake buƙata cewa za a samar da kashi 1% na ayyukan da ke cikin gwamnati ga ƙwararrun travesti, masu canza jima'i, da masu canza jinsi.  Sacayán ya fara yin lobbying don dokar a cikin 2010,  yana aiki tare da wasu kungiyoyi tare da wakilin Karina Nazábal.  Duk da haka, ba tare da la'akari da yadda aka zartar da shi ba, gwamnatin Buenos Aires ba ta aiwatar da dokar ba.

A ranar 11 ga Yuni 2021, Majalisar Wakilan Argentina ta amince da dokar Diana Sacayán - Lohana Berkins, tare da zartar da kaso 1% a matakin ƙasa. Hakanan ya haɗa da ƙarfafawa ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu don ɗaukar ma'aikatan travesti, transsexual, da transgender. Ya samu kuri'u 207 ne suka amince da shi, 11 suka ki amincewa, sannan 7 suka ki amincewa. A ranar 24 ga Yuni 2021, Majalisar Dattijai ta Argentina ta zartar da dokar a matsayin doka, tare da [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Sanatoci]] 55 da suka amince da matakin, 1 da suka kada kuri'a a kan shi, da kuma 6 da suka guje.

A ranar 2 ga Yulin 2023, Google Doodle ya nuna Sacayán .  A ranar 11 ga Oktoba 2023, Casa Rosada, wurin aiki na hukuma na Shugaban Argentina, ya rataye hoto mai girma na Sacayán da ɗaya daga cikin [[Claudia Pía Baudracco]] a cikin ɗakin mata da masu adawa. A ranar 8 ga Maris 2024 - [[Ranar mata ta duniya|Ranar Mata ta Duniya]] - Shugaba [[Javier Milei]] ya canza sunan dakin zuwa &quot;Hall of Heroes&quot; kuma ya cire duk hotunan mata masu gwagwarmaya da ke rataye a bangon, tare da mai magana da yawun yana jayayya ga Milei cewa samun dakin da ke murna da mata yana nuna bambanci ga maza.

Wani shirin gaskiya mai suna &quot;Fue travestidio&quot; ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da kyautar Aiki a Ci gaba don bikin 36th de la Mujer y El Cine a 2024. 

== Rubuce-rubuce ==
Sacayán ya yi rubutu akai-akai don mujallar El Teje kuma shine editan kari na &quot;I Am&quot; na Página 12. 

* Ayyukan sunan kansa (2006),  {{ISBN|9789871231119}}
* ''Cumbia, gasa da hawaye'' (2008),  {{ISBN|9789871231799}}
* Blog na Movimiento Antidiscriminatorio de Liberación (M. A. L.) &lt;ref name=&quot;blogspot&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=M.A.L. Movimiento antidiscriminatorio de liberacion &amp;#124; Grupo MAL |url=http://grupomal.blogspot.com.ar/ |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=grupomal.blogspot.com.ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

[[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]]
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;font-size:125%;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;Diana Sacayán&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Diana_Sacayán.jpg|alt=Diana Sacayán|frameless]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;Diana Sacayán a cikin 2010&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |An haife shi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;1975-12-31&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; 31 Disamba 1975&lt;div class=&quot;birthplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;[[Tucumán]], Argentina&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ya mutu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |11 Oktoba 2015 &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(2015-10-11)&lt;/span&gt; (shekaru 39) &lt;div class=&quot;deathplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Dalilin mutuwa&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Homicide|Kisan kai]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Clarin2020&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=2020-10-06 |title=Confirman la prisión perpetua para el asesino de Diana Sacayán, pero sin el agravante por odio de género |trans-title=Life imprisonment confirmed for the murderer of Diana Sacayán, but without the aggravating circumstance of gender hatred |url=https://www.clarin.com/sociedad/confirman-prision-perpetua-asesino-diana-sacayan-agravante-odio-genero_0_sVBSflGUa.html |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wurin hutawa
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |Kabari na Lar de Paz, [[González Catán]] &lt;ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot;&gt;[https://www.telediariodigital.net/2015/10/adios-a-diana-sacayan-ella-dejo-un-legado-hay-que-continuar-su-lucha/ &quot;Adiós a Diana Sacayán: &quot;Ella dejó un legado, hay que continuar su lucha&quot;&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714000813/https://www.telediariodigital.net/2015/10/adios-a-diana-sacayan-ella-dejo-un-legado-hay-que-continuar-su-lucha/ |date=2024-07-14 }} &amp;#x5B;Goodbye to Diana Sacayán: “She left a legacy, we must continue her fight”&amp;#x5D;. ''Tele Diario Digital'' (in Spanish). Imperio Televisión S.A. 16 October 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 June&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Aiki
| class=&quot;infobox-data role&quot; |[[Activist|mai fafutuka]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Shekaru masu aiki&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2001 – 2015
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ƙungiya (s) 
| class=&quot;infobox-data org&quot; |Anti-Discrimination Movement of Liberation (MAL), wanda ya kafa  [[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association|ILGA]], jagora  [[National Institute Against Discrimination, Xenophobia and Racism|INADI]], memba &lt;ref name=&quot;Agencia52518&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Ludueña |first1=María Eugenia |last2=Fornaro |first2=Ana |date=2018-05-25 |title=#DianaSacayán &quot;La muerte violenta de una travesti es un travesticidio&quot;, dijo fiscalía |trans-title=#DianaSacayán &quot;The violent death of a transvestite is a transvesticide,&quot; said the prosecutor's office |url=https://agenciapresentes.org/2018/05/25/dianasacayan-la-muerte-violenta-de-una-travesti-es-un-travesticidio-dijo-fiscalia/ |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=Agencia Presentes |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;:&lt;sup class=&quot;reference nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Page / location: 270&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;270&amp;#x200A;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CR121215&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=2016-11-09 |title=Juzgarán a un acusado por el travesticidio de Diana Sacayán |trans-title=They will judge an accused for the transvesticicide of Diana Sacayán |url=https://www.cosecharoja.org/juzgaran-un-acusado-por-el-travesticidio-de-diana-sacayan/ |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=Cosecha Roja |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PaG-8&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Sosa |first=Lorena |date=2020-09-18 |title=Now You See Me? The Visibility of Trans and Travesti Experiences in Criminal Procedures |url=https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/2804/1746 |journal=Politics and Governance |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=266–277 |doi=10.17645/PAG.V8I3.2804 |issn=2183-2463 |s2cid=224980526 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |An san shi da&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Diana Sacayán Law Diana Sacayón - Lohana Berkins Law[es]&lt;br /&gt;[[Diana Sacayán – Lohana Berkins Law|Diana Sacayán - Dokar Lohana Berkins]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Jam'iyyar siyasa
| class=&quot;infobox-data org&quot; |[[Communist Party of Argentina|Kwaminisanci]] (kafin 2011) [[Independent politician|Mai zaman kansa]] (2011-2015) &lt;br /&gt;
|}
'''Amancay Diana Sacayán''' (31 Disamba 1975  - 11 Oktoba 2015) dan LGBT dan kasar [[Argentina]] ne kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam wanda ya yi gwagwarmayar kare haƙƙin shari'a na travesti da transgender mutane a Argentina.

Ta kafa kungiyar Anti-Discrimination Movement of Liberation (MAL)  kuma ta kasance wani ɓangare na National Front for the Gender Identity Act a Argentina a lokacin muhawara ta jama'a kan Dokar 26,743 kan Gender Identité.  A watan Yunin 2012, ta zama mutum na farko da ya yi takarar Mai ba da shawara, yana takarar La Matanza Partido . &lt;ref name=&quot;Clarin18&quot; /&gt; A ranar 2 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2012, ta zama mace ta farko ta Argentina da ta karbi katin shaidar kasa da ke tabbatar da jinsi. Shugaba Cristina Kirchner ne ya ba ta.

An kashe Sacayán a ranar 11 ga Oktoba 2015.  A ranar 18 ga watan Yunin shekarar 2018, Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta 4 ta [[Buenos Aires]] ta yanke wa daya daga cikin masu kisan kanta hukunci, inda ta yanke hukunci wanda ya amince, a karo na farko a cikin tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka na Argentina, kisan wani travesti a matsayin [[Laifin kiyayya|Laifin ƙiyayya]] da ya shafi asalin jinsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;elpaistravesticidio&quot; /&gt; An yi amfani da tanadi a Mataki na 80, sakin layi na 4 na Dokar Shari'a ta Argentina don cimma shawarar. Koyaya, wannan bangare na mummunan kisan ya soke shi a cikin yanke shawara ta Majalisar Kasuwanci ta Kasa a cikin Batutuwan Laifuka da Gyara a ranar 2 ga Oktoba 2020, kodayake an tabbatar da hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai.

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
An kuma haifi Amancay Diana Sacayán a Tucumán a kan 31 Disamba 1975. Kakaninta su ne Diaguita. Sa’ad da take ƙuruciya, danginta sun ƙaura zuwa Gregorio de Laferrère, Buenos Aires. Ta yi rayuwar talauci tare da 'yan uwanta 15.

Sacayán ya fito ne a matsayin travesti yana da shekara goma sha bakwai. Ta sami allurar silicone a cikin ƙirjinta da ƙafarta daga wani ɗan'uwa, hanyar da ba ta ba da shawarar ga wasu ba saboda damuwa game da tsabta. : 7 Sacayán ta yi aiki a matsayin karuwa na tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu  kafin ta shiga cikin gwagwarmaya a shekara ta 2001. &lt;ref name=&quot;LP2003-CP&quot; /&gt; : 7 {{Rp|7}}

Ta yi karatun Ilimi na Jama'a a Jami'ar Madres . 

== Yunkurin fafutuka ==

=== Kasancewa ===
Sacayán ya yi takarar neman mukamin mashawarcin makaranta tare da Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci don zaben da aka gudanar a ranar 24 ga Agusta 2003.  : 4 {{Rp|4}}

Ta yi takara a matsayin Mai ba da shawara na La Matanza Partido a shekarar 2012, ta zama dan takarar farko na irin wannan matsayi. Sacayán ya kasance mai zaman kansa a zaben, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan takara bakwai. An rage filin zuwa 'yan takara uku kafin' yan majalisa 24 su zabe a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2012: mai mulki Silvia Caprino, Sacayán, da Omar Frade. Sacayán ta sami kuri'u na biyu mafi girma a zaben, tare da Caprino ta riƙe ofishinta bayan ta sami kuriʼu 17.

=== Ƙungiyoyin ===
Sacayán ya kirkiro kungiyar Anti-Discrimination Movement of Liberation (MAL), wata kungiya mai zaman kanta, a shekara ta 2001.  Ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofin kungiyar shine jaddada karfafawa ga mutanen LGBTI ta hanyar saduwa da haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali, daga horar da aiki da shirye-shiryen takaddun shaida  zuwa kafa ofishin kiwon lafiya don bukatun kiwon lafiya na hankali da na Jima'i a cikin al'ummar LGBT a duka Morón  da La Matanza.  Sacayán da MAL sun yi aiki a kai a kai don shawo kan ra'ayin karuwanci kasancewa aiki mai inganci da gaske  maimakon sakamakon kai tsaye na rashin damar aiki.  Ka'idodin hadawa da travesti, transsexual, da transgender mutane daga ƙarshe sun haifar da kirkirar Dokar Gender ta Kasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ley Nacional de Identidad de Género |trans-title=National Gender Identity Law |url=http://servicios.infoleg.gob.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/195000-199999/197860/norma.htm |access-date=31 October 2016 |website=servicios.infoleg.gob.ar |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baya ga aikinta tare da MAL, Sacayán ta kuma yi aiki a kan kwamitin kungiyar Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans da Intersex Association ta Duniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ref00&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Glum |first=Julia |date=15 October 2015 |title=Who Is Diana Sacayán? Transgender Activist In Argentina Found Dead After Possible Hate Crime |url=https://www.ibtimes.com/who-diana-sacayan-transgender-activist-argentina-found-dead-after-possible-hate-crime-2142072 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016125247/http://www.ibtimes.com/who-diana-sacayan-transgender-activist-argentina-found-dead-after-possible-hate-crime-2142072 |archive-date=2015-10-16 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=[[International Business Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Buenos Aires ta fitar da wata sanarwa, wanda kafofin watsa labarai suka sake bugawa, wanda MAL ya ba da sunan kai tsaye a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ga zartar da ƙuduri 2359, bisa ga doka 13.175 (daidai da samun damar kiwon lafiya), a ranar 5 ga Yuli 2007 wanda ke buƙatar duk ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a lardin Buenos Aires sun yi wa marasa lafiya da sunayen da suka fi so. Birnin Santa Fe ya zartar da irin wannan doka, Resolution 1877/09, kamar yadda birnin Buenos Aires ya yi, Dokar 3.062.

MAL da wasu kungiyoyi da yawa sun ba da shawarar cancantar al'ummar trans a Argentina don samun isassun gidaje da tsarin mulki ya ba da tabbacin a 2009. Duk da haƙƙin da aka tanadar a sashe na 14a na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Ƙasa, an hana masu yin maza da mata da maza da mata da maza da mata su shiga cikin Tsarin Gidajen Tarayya a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Shugaba Cristina Kirchner. &lt;ref name=&quot;ANR-FHP&quot; /&gt;

Tare da kungiyar Berkins don gwagwarmaya don Travesti da Transsexual Identity (ALITT),  Sacayán ya kuma taimaka wajen kafa hadin gwiwar Silvia Rivera, ƙungiyar da ke mai da hankali kan horar da membobin al'ummar trans don aiki a cikin sabis na abinci da masana'antar abinci.  Sun yi rajista tare da INAES yayin da suke ƙoƙarin kafa gidan cin abinci a La Matanza don horo.[es] Magajin garin Fernando Espinoza ya hana ci gaban hadin gwiwar ta hanyar kin ganawa da shugabannin ta a cikin 2011 game da wurin zahiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;SRcoop&quot; /&gt; Ta kuma yi aiki tare da Marlene Wayar, wanda ya kafa El Teje - jaridar farko a Latin Amurka - da Sakataren Ayyuka Enrique Deibe don horar da malamai 500 da masu gudanar da ilimi kan bambancin.&lt;ref name=&quot;LaCiu-SRcoop&quot; /&gt; Shirin ya haifar da mutane 20 na LGBT da suka sami takardar shaidar ilimin su a La Matanza da Morón.&lt;ref name=&quot;LaCiu-SRcoop&quot; /&gt; Sacayán ta kuma yi aiki tare da Deibe a watan Satumbar 2011  wajen inganta wani taron da ta iya shawo kan kusan masu halarta 200 da bukatar travesti, transsexuals, da transgender mutane don samun damar yin aiki na gargajiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;LaCiu-SRcoop&quot; /&gt;

Mummunan harin da aka kai kan Nahuel Albornoz a cikin 2014 a Virrey del Pino, Sacayán - a madadin MAL - da kungiyar Matasa don Diversity (JxD) sun nemi a samar da wani yanki don magance rashin daidaiton da mutanen LGBT ke fuskanta wanda kuma zai ba da damar ilimantar da al'umma kan hakkokinsu da kuma yin aiki tare da rage girman mutuncin kasar Argentina. tatsuniyoyi na kuskure.

Yawancin kungiyoyin kare hakkin jama'a na LGBT sun taru don yin aiki tare da Diana Conti a cikin 2014 a yunƙurin kafa Project 8194 wanda zai buƙaci gwamnati ta biya diyya ga mutanen da hukumomin gwamnati suka kama bisa tushen jima'i ko yanayin.

=== Ganuwa ===
[[Fayil:Cristina_Sacayán_DNI.jpg|thumb|Diana Sacayán tare da shugabar ƙasar a lokacin Cristina Fernández de Kirchner suna karɓar Takardun Shaida ta Ƙasa, bayan da aka amince da Dokar Shaida Gender a 2012 a Argentina.]]
A ranar 2 ga Yuli, 2012, ta karɓi katin shaidar ɗan ƙasa a matsayin mace da kanta daga tsohuwar shugabar Argentina, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. &lt;ref name=&quot;ref01&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 October 2015 |title=Argentina's third violent transgender death in a month sparks call for justice |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/14/argentina-transgender-women-violence-cristina-fernandez |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015143113/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/14/argentina-transgender-women-violence-cristina-fernandez |archive-date=2015-10-15 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sacayán, tare da Berkins, sun taimaka a zanga-zangar a duk faɗin ƙasar a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 2015 suna yanke hukuncin kisa a Argentina.&lt;ref name=&quot;PaG-8&quot;/&gt; :{{Rp|269}} Yunkurin ya bazu zuwa wasu ƙasashe da yawa a ƙarƙashin sunan Ni una menos . &lt;ref name=&quot;PaG-8&quot; /&gt; : 269 {{Rp|269}}

=== Kaddamarwa ===
An kama Sacayán a lokuta da yawa saboda keta ka'idojin laifi bayan ya fito saboda ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a Buenos Aires a lokacin ya zama travesti. An kama ta a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 2001, a Don Bosco, kuma an tuhume ta da fashi.&lt;ref name=&quot;UN2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite report|last1=Nigel Rodley}}&lt;/ref&gt; An tsare ta tare da fursunoni maza kuma an bar ta ba tare da abinci ko bargo ba har kwana da yawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;UN2002&quot; /&gt; Bayan an sake ta, ta bayyana cewa an azabtar da ita kuma ainihin dalilin da ya sa aka kama ta shine kin ba da cin hanci ga 'yan sanda. Karamin sakatare na shari'a na lardin Buenos Aires ya yarda cewa ta ci gaba da tsare Sacayán a Don Bosco saboda kasancewarta 'yar iska, kuma shugaban wannan sashe na gidan yarin ya gabatar da rahoto game da 'zargin' Sacayán.&lt;ref name=&quot;UN2002&quot; /&gt; A ranar 19 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2001, an sake kama Sacayán, a wannan lokacin saboda rawar da ta taka a zanga-zangar. : 4, 7 {{Rp|4, 7}}

Ta sadu da Lohana Berkins lokacin da ta yi watanni tara a kurkuku a Florencio Varela .  : 7 Berkins ya ba da taimakon shari'a da kuma tattauna kan Hagu tare da Sacayán . &lt;ref name=&quot;LP2003-CP&quot; /&gt; : 7 Sa’ad da take magana game da lokacin da take tsare a hannun ‘yan sanda a wani edita na 2012, Sacayán ta bayyana sarai yadda wani jami’in ya yi mata dukan tsiya kuma ya bukaci ta yi watsi da kanta.

Lokacin da aka kama ta tare da 'yar'uwarta Johana a ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2004,  kungiyar 'yan gurguzu ta mata Bread and Roses [es] ta goyi bayan ayyukanta.  Magoya bayan kungiyoyi da yawa - jimlar akalla mutane 4,000 - sun taru a Plaza de Mayo kuma sun bukaci a saki fursunoni da yawa waɗanda aka tsare su ne kawai saboda dalilai na siyasa. 'Yan sanda sun saki Sacayán daga kurkuku amma sun tsare ta a gidan yari.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANRed-HA04&quot; /&gt; Dukansu Diana da Johana sun gabatar da korafe-korafe goma sha ɗaya a kan yankin Laferrere na huɗu saboda tsare-tsare ba bisa ka'ida ba; Diana ta ba da shaida a gaban Sakatariyar 'Yancin Dan Adam a Buenos Aires sau uku da Ma'aikatar Shari'a sau ɗaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANRed-HA04&quot; /&gt;

A ranar 9 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2015, yayin da Sacayán da 'yar gwagwarmayar trans Sonia Pamela Díaz suka jira su shiga Metrobus, wani da ke tafiya ya wuce su ya zagi su kuma ya fara kai musu hari. 'Yan sanda sun amsa ta hanyar kama Sacayán, Díaz, da kuma wani mai fafutuka, Martín Lanfranco; &lt;ref name=&quot;LQD-2015&quot; /&gt; Sacayán ya bayyana cewa jami'an sun yi amfani da taser a kanta.  An tura Sacayán cikin zirga-zirga a gaban taksi mai zuwa, amma ya sami damar yin birki kuma ya guje wa bugawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;LQD-2015&quot; /&gt; 'Yan sanda sun saki masu fafutuka washegari, &lt;ref name=&quot;LQD-2015&quot; /&gt; bayan sun tsare su tsakanin sa'o'i tara zuwa goma, wanda ya sa Sacayán ya gabatar da korafi. &lt;ref name=&quot;TVP-15&quot; /&gt;

== Mutuwa ==
An kashe Sacayán a cikin gidanta a Flores, Buenos Aires tsakanin maraice na 10 ga Oktoba da safiyar 11 ga Oktoba 2015 ta wasu mahara biyu. An daure ta da mari, an daure ta, aka yi mata duka. Daya daga cikin maharan ya buge ta da karfi a fuska har wani bangare na tafin takalminsu ya kwanta a cikin fata a karkashin hancinta. An caka mata wuka har sau 13.
[[Fayil:Militante_de_M.A.L.jpg|thumb|Mai zanga-zangar a cikin Maris daga Plaza de Mayo zuwa Majalisa, tafiya ta farko ta kasa game da kisan kai, 28 Yuni 2016 . ]]
Masu fafutuka sun ci gaba da zanga-zangar a shekara mai zuwa lokacin da shari'ar ta kasance ba a warware ba; Muzaharar farko ta kasa don nuna adawa da kisan kiyashi, wanda ya fara a Plaza de Mayo kuma ya ƙare a ginin Majalisa, ya gudana a ranar 28 ga Yuni 2016.

Ɗaya daga cikin korafe-korafe game da yadda ake gudanar da bincike game da kisan Sacayán shine cewa 'yan sanda sun bi da shi a matsayin kisan mata kawai.  Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta [[Amnesty International]] ta mayar da martani game da kisan gillar da aka yi, inda ta bayyana cewa idan Argentina ba ta yi bincike sosai ba tare da gurfanar da wadanda suka aikata laifin ba, wadanda suka kashe Sacayán - da kuma wadanda ke da alhakin kisan Marcela Chocobar da Coty Olmos da suka faru a cikin wata daya kafin mutuwar Sacayán - za su fahimci rashin daukar mataki a matsayin amincewa da kisan gilla.

'Yan sanda sun kama wadanda ake zargi biyu: Gabriel David Marino da Felix R.  Saboda babu isassun shaidun da za a gurfanar da Felix R., masu shigar da kara a cikin shari'ar sun bukaci a gurfanar da Marino a gaban shari'a shi kadai don a kiyaye karar daga rufe 'ba a warware ba'. A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 2018, Kotun hukunta masu aikata laifuka ta baka 4 ta yanke hukuncin cewa Marino zai ci gaba da kasancewa a gidan yari har zuwa aƙalla 27 ga Yuni 2018 har sai an kammala shari'ar.

An fara shari'ar Marino ne a ranar 12 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2018. A karo na farko a tarihi, Mai Shari'a na Argentina ya yarda cewa kisan ya kasance &quot;laifuka ce ta ƙiyayya game da asalin travesti&quot;, wanda aka sani da &quot;travesticide&quot;  ko &quot;transvesticide&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Radi |first=Blas |last2=Sardá-Chandiramani |first2=Alejandra |year=2016 |title=Travesticide / transfemicide: Coordinates to think crimes against travestis and trans women in Argentina |url=https://www.aacademica.org/blas.radi/15.pdf |access-date=April 10, 2019 |website=Bulletin of the Gender Observatory of the Justice of the City of Buenos Aires |publisher=Acta Académica}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Spanish: travesticidio; wani nau'i na &quot;travest&quot; da &quot;kisan kai&quot;). &lt;ref name=&quot;batravesticidio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2018 |title=Killer handed life sentence for brutal murder in historic transvesticide trial |url=http://www.batimes.com.ar/news/argentina/killer-handed-life-sentence-for-brutal-murder-in-historic-transvesticide-trial.phtml |access-date=April 10, 2019 |website=[[Buenos Aires Herald]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;elpaistravesticidio&quot; /&gt; An yanke wa Marino hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai a ranar 18 ga Yuni 2018. Masu gwagwarmayar LGBT sun yi bikin hukuncin kuma an dauke su &quot;wani misali na canje-canjen [social] da ke gudana a Argentina. &quot;  INADI ta yi bikin hukuncin a matsayin ci gaba zuwa ga Argentina mai hadawa. 

A ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 2019, Minista Patricia Bullrich ta ba da tukuicin pesos 500,000 na Argentine ta amfani da ƙuduri 67/2019 don bayanin da ya kai ga kama maharin na biyu. An ƙara adadin zuwa pesos miliyan 2 na Argentine a ranar 12 ga Janairu 2022, bisa ga ƙuduri 36/2022.

A ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 2020, Majalisar Kararraki ta Kasa kan Laifuka da Gyarawa ta tabbatar da hukuncin Marino; duk da haka, sun cire bangaren transvestide, suna bayyana cewa an tsananta tashin hankali bisa jinsin Sacayán. A cikin shawarar da ya yanke, Alkalin Jorge Luis Rimondi ya yi sharhi cewa yankan ƙirjin Sacayán bai nuna niyyar isar da sako game da asalin jinsi ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clarin2020&quot; /&gt; Ya kuma ambaci rashin wani rahoto na baya daga Sacayán cewa Marino ya bayyana ra'ayoyin transphobic kuma cewa kisan bai faru a ranar da ta dace ba ga al'ummar LGBT a matsayin dalilin da ya sa za a soke takamaiman fasalin hukuncin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clarin2020&quot; /&gt; Har ila yau, ya ba da misali da rashin wani rahoto na baya daga Sacayán cewa Marino ya bayyana ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa da kuma cewa kisan kai bai faru a wata muhimmiyar rana ga al'ummar LGBT ba a matsayin dalilin soke wani yanki na musamman na hukuncin. Kotun Koli ta amince da wannan shawarar, tare da kuri'un memba mara kyau García-Mansilla . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=El fallo sobre Diana Sacayán que García Mansilla firmó mientras el Senado rechazaba su pliego |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/815732-el-fallo-sobre-diana-sacayan-que-garcia-mansilla-firmo-mient}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyauta ==
A ranar 17 ga Satumba 2015, majalisar dokoki ta Buenos Aires ta zartar da [[Diana Sacayán Law|Dokar 14783]] [es], ko Dokar Quota na Ayyuka na Travesti Transsexual, wanda ya sanya shi abin da ake buƙata cewa za a samar da kashi 1% na ayyukan da ke cikin gwamnati ga ƙwararrun travesti, masu canza jima'i, da masu canza jinsi.  Sacayán ya fara yin lobbying don dokar a cikin 2010,  yana aiki tare da wasu kungiyoyi tare da wakilin Karina Nazábal.  Duk da haka, ba tare da la'akari da yadda aka zartar da shi ba, gwamnatin Buenos Aires ba ta aiwatar da dokar ba.

A ranar 11 ga Yuni 2021, Majalisar Wakilan Argentina ta amince da dokar Diana Sacayán - Lohana Berkins, tare da zartar da kaso 1% a matakin ƙasa. Hakanan ya haɗa da ƙarfafawa ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu don ɗaukar ma'aikatan travesti, transsexual, da transgender. Ya samu kuri'u 207 ne suka amince da shi, 11 suka ki amincewa, sannan 7 suka ki amincewa. A ranar 24 ga Yuni 2021, Majalisar Dattijai ta Argentina ta zartar da dokar a matsayin doka, tare da [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Sanatoci]] 55 da suka amince da matakin, 1 da suka kada kuri'a a kan shi, da kuma 6 da suka guje.

A ranar 2 ga Yulin 2023, Google Doodle ya nuna Sacayán .  A ranar 11 ga Oktoba 2023, Casa Rosada, wurin aiki na hukuma na Shugaban Argentina, ya rataye hoto mai girma na Sacayán da ɗaya daga cikin [[Claudia Pía Baudracco]] a cikin ɗakin mata da masu adawa. A ranar 8 ga Maris 2024 - [[Ranar mata ta duniya|Ranar Mata ta Duniya]] - Shugaba [[Javier Milei]] ya canza sunan dakin zuwa &quot;Hall of Heroes&quot; kuma ya cire duk hotunan mata masu gwagwarmaya da ke rataye a bangon, tare da mai magana da yawun yana jayayya ga Milei cewa samun dakin da ke murna da mata yana nuna bambanci ga maza.

Wani shirin gaskiya mai suna &quot;Fue travestidio&quot; ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da kyautar Aiki a Ci gaba don bikin 36th de la Mujer y El Cine a 2024. 

== Rubuce-rubuce ==
Sacayán ya yi rubutu akai-akai don mujallar El Teje kuma shine editan kari na &quot;I Am&quot; na Página 12. 

* Ayyukan sunan kansa (2006),  {{ISBN|9789871231119}}
* ''Cumbia, gasa da hawaye'' (2008),  {{ISBN|9789871231799}}
* Blog na Movimiento Antidiscriminatorio de Liberación (M. A. L.) &lt;ref name=&quot;blogspot&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=M.A.L. Movimiento antidiscriminatorio de liberacion &amp;#124; Grupo MAL |url=http://grupomal.blogspot.com.ar/ |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=grupomal.blogspot.com.ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

[[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]]
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{| class=&quot;infobox biography vcard&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;font-size:125%;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;Diana Sacayán&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Diana_Sacayán.jpg|alt=Diana Sacayán|frameless]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;Diana Sacayán a cikin 2010&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |An haife shi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;1975-12-31&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; 31 Disamba 1975&lt;div class=&quot;birthplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;[[Tucumán]], Argentina&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ya mutu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |11 Oktoba 2015 &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(2015-10-11)&lt;/span&gt; (shekaru 39) &lt;div class=&quot;deathplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Dalilin mutuwa&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Homicide|Kisan kai]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Clarin2020&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=2020-10-06 |title=Confirman la prisión perpetua para el asesino de Diana Sacayán, pero sin el agravante por odio de género |trans-title=Life imprisonment confirmed for the murderer of Diana Sacayán, but without the aggravating circumstance of gender hatred |url=https://www.clarin.com/sociedad/confirman-prision-perpetua-asesino-diana-sacayan-agravante-odio-genero_0_sVBSflGUa.html |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wurin hutawa
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |Kabari na Lar de Paz, [[González Catán]] &lt;ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot;&gt;[https://www.telediariodigital.net/2015/10/adios-a-diana-sacayan-ella-dejo-un-legado-hay-que-continuar-su-lucha/ &quot;Adiós a Diana Sacayán: &quot;Ella dejó un legado, hay que continuar su lucha&quot;&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714000813/https://www.telediariodigital.net/2015/10/adios-a-diana-sacayan-ella-dejo-un-legado-hay-que-continuar-su-lucha/ |date=2024-07-14 }} &amp;#x5B;Goodbye to Diana Sacayán: “She left a legacy, we must continue her fight”&amp;#x5D;. ''Tele Diario Digital'' (in Spanish). Imperio Televisión S.A. 16 October 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 June&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Aiki
| class=&quot;infobox-data role&quot; |[[Activist|mai fafutuka]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Shekaru masu aiki&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2001 – 2015
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ƙungiya (s) 
| class=&quot;infobox-data org&quot; |Anti-Discrimination Movement of Liberation (MAL), wanda ya kafa  [[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association|ILGA]], jagora  [[National Institute Against Discrimination, Xenophobia and Racism|INADI]], memba &lt;ref name=&quot;Agencia52518&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Ludueña |first1=María Eugenia |last2=Fornaro |first2=Ana |date=2018-05-25 |title=#DianaSacayán &quot;La muerte violenta de una travesti es un travesticidio&quot;, dijo fiscalía |trans-title=#DianaSacayán &quot;The violent death of a transvestite is a transvesticide,&quot; said the prosecutor's office |url=https://agenciapresentes.org/2018/05/25/dianasacayan-la-muerte-violenta-de-una-travesti-es-un-travesticidio-dijo-fiscalia/ |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=Agencia Presentes |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;:&lt;sup class=&quot;reference nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Page / location: 270&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;270&amp;#x200A;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CR121215&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=2016-11-09 |title=Juzgarán a un acusado por el travesticidio de Diana Sacayán |trans-title=They will judge an accused for the transvesticicide of Diana Sacayán |url=https://www.cosecharoja.org/juzgaran-un-acusado-por-el-travesticidio-de-diana-sacayan/ |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=Cosecha Roja |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PaG-8&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Sosa |first=Lorena |date=2020-09-18 |title=Now You See Me? The Visibility of Trans and Travesti Experiences in Criminal Procedures |url=https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/2804/1746 |journal=Politics and Governance |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=266–277 |doi=10.17645/PAG.V8I3.2804 |issn=2183-2463 |s2cid=224980526 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |An san shi da&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Diana Sacayán Law Diana Sacayón - Lohana Berkins Law[es]&lt;br /&gt;[[Diana Sacayán – Lohana Berkins Law|Diana Sacayán - Dokar Lohana Berkins]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Jam'iyyar siyasa
| class=&quot;infobox-data org&quot; |[[Communist Party of Argentina|Kwaminisanci]] (kafin 2011) [[Independent politician|Mai zaman kansa]] (2011-2015) &lt;br /&gt;
|}
'''Amancay Diana Sacayán''' (31 Disamba 1975  - 11 Oktoba 2015) dan LGBT dan kasar [[Argentina]] ne kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam wanda ya yi gwagwarmayar kare haƙƙin shari'a na travesti da transgender mutane a Argentina.

Ta kafa kungiyar Anti-Discrimination Movement of Liberation (MAL)  kuma ta kasance wani ɓangare na National Front for the Gender Identity Act a Argentina a lokacin muhawara ta jama'a kan Dokar 26,743 kan Gender Identité.  A watan Yunin 2012, ta zama mutum na farko da ya yi takarar Mai ba da shawara, yana takarar La Matanza Partido . &lt;ref name=&quot;Clarin18&quot; /&gt; A ranar 2 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2012, ta zama mace ta farko ta Argentina da ta karbi katin shaidar kasa da ke tabbatar da jinsi. Shugaba Cristina Kirchner ne ya ba ta.

An kashe Sacayán a ranar 11 ga Oktoba 2015.  A ranar 18 ga watan Yunin shekarar 2018, Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta 4 ta [[Buenos Aires]] ta yanke wa daya daga cikin masu kisan kanta hukunci, inda ta yanke hukunci wanda ya amince, a karo na farko a cikin tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka na Argentina, kisan wani travesti a matsayin [[Laifin kiyayya|Laifin ƙiyayya]] da ya shafi asalin jinsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;elpaistravesticidio&quot; /&gt; An yi amfani da tanadi a Mataki na 80, sakin layi na 4 na Dokar Shari'a ta Argentina don cimma shawarar. Koyaya, wannan bangare na mummunan kisan ya soke shi a cikin yanke shawara ta Majalisar Kasuwanci ta Kasa a cikin Batutuwan Laifuka da Gyara a ranar 2 ga Oktoba 2020, kodayake an tabbatar da hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai.

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
An kuma haifi Amancay Diana Sacayán a Tucumán a kan 31 Disamban shekarar 1975. Kakaninta su ne Diaguita. Sa’ad da take ƙuruciya, danginta sun ƙaura zuwa Gregorio de Laferrère, Buenos Aires. Ta yi rayuwar talauci tare da 'yan uwanta 15.

Sacayán ya fito ne a matsayin travesti yana da shekara goma sha bakwai. Ta sami allurar silicone a cikin ƙirjinta da ƙafarta daga wani ɗan'uwa, hanyar da ba ta ba da shawarar ga wasu ba saboda damuwa game da tsabta. : 7 Sacayán ta yi aiki a matsayin karuwa na tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu  kafin ta shiga cikin gwagwarmaya a shekara ta 2001. &lt;ref name=&quot;LP2003-CP&quot; /&gt; : 7 {{Rp|7}}

Ta yi karatun Ilimi na Jama'a a Jami'ar Madres . 

== Yunkurin fafutuka ==

=== Kasancewa ===
Sacayán ya yi takarar neman mukamin mashawarcin makaranta tare da Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci don zaben da aka gudanar a ranar 24 ga Agusta 2003.  : 4 {{Rp|4}}

Ta yi takara a matsayin Mai ba da shawara na La Matanza Partido a shekarar 2012, ta zama dan takarar farko na irin wannan matsayi. Sacayán ya kasance mai zaman kansa a zaben, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan takara bakwai. An rage filin zuwa 'yan takara uku kafin' yan majalisa 24 su zabe a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2012: mai mulki Silvia Caprino, Sacayán, da Omar Frade. Sacayán ta sami kuri'u na biyu mafi girma a zaben, tare da Caprino ta riƙe ofishinta bayan ta sami kuriʼu 17.

=== Ƙungiyoyin ===
Sacayán ya kirkiro kungiyar Anti-Discrimination Movement of Liberation (MAL), wata kungiya mai zaman kanta, a shekara ta 2001.  Ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofin kungiyar shine jaddada karfafawa ga mutanen LGBTI ta hanyar saduwa da haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali, daga horar da aiki da shirye-shiryen takaddun shaida  zuwa kafa ofishin kiwon lafiya don bukatun kiwon lafiya na hankali da na Jima'i a cikin al'ummar LGBT a duka Morón  da La Matanza.  Sacayán da MAL sun yi aiki a kai a kai don shawo kan ra'ayin karuwanci kasancewa aiki mai inganci da gaske  maimakon sakamakon kai tsaye na rashin damar aiki.  Ka'idodin hadawa da travesti, transsexual, da transgender mutane daga ƙarshe sun haifar da kirkirar Dokar Gender ta Kasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ley Nacional de Identidad de Género |trans-title=National Gender Identity Law |url=http://servicios.infoleg.gob.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/195000-199999/197860/norma.htm |access-date=31 October 2016 |website=servicios.infoleg.gob.ar |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baya ga aikinta tare da MAL, Sacayán ta kuma yi aiki a kan kwamitin kungiyar Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans da Intersex Association ta Duniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ref00&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Glum |first=Julia |date=15 October 2015 |title=Who Is Diana Sacayán? Transgender Activist In Argentina Found Dead After Possible Hate Crime |url=https://www.ibtimes.com/who-diana-sacayan-transgender-activist-argentina-found-dead-after-possible-hate-crime-2142072 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016125247/http://www.ibtimes.com/who-diana-sacayan-transgender-activist-argentina-found-dead-after-possible-hate-crime-2142072 |archive-date=2015-10-16 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=[[International Business Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Buenos Aires ta fitar da wata sanarwa, wanda kafofin watsa labarai suka sake bugawa, wanda MAL ya ba da sunan kai tsaye a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ga zartar da ƙuduri 2359, bisa ga doka 13.175 (daidai da samun damar kiwon lafiya), a ranar 5 ga Yuli 2007 wanda ke buƙatar duk ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a lardin Buenos Aires sun yi wa marasa lafiya da sunayen da suka fi so. Birnin Santa Fe ya zartar da irin wannan doka, Resolution 1877/09, kamar yadda birnin Buenos Aires ya yi, Dokar 3.062.

MAL da wasu kungiyoyi da yawa sun ba da shawarar cancantar al'ummar trans a Argentina don samun isassun gidaje da tsarin mulki ya ba da tabbacin a 2009. Duk da haƙƙin da aka tanadar a sashe na 14a na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Ƙasa, an hana masu yin maza da mata da maza da mata da maza da mata su shiga cikin Tsarin Gidajen Tarayya a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Shugaba Cristina Kirchner. &lt;ref name=&quot;ANR-FHP&quot; /&gt;

Tare da kungiyar Berkins don gwagwarmaya don Travesti da Transsexual Identity (ALITT),  Sacayán ya kuma taimaka wajen kafa hadin gwiwar Silvia Rivera, ƙungiyar da ke mai da hankali kan horar da membobin al'ummar trans don aiki a cikin sabis na abinci da masana'antar abinci.  Sun yi rajista tare da INAES yayin da suke ƙoƙarin kafa gidan cin abinci a La Matanza don horo.[es] Magajin garin Fernando Espinoza ya hana ci gaban hadin gwiwar ta hanyar kin ganawa da shugabannin ta a cikin 2011 game da wurin zahiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;SRcoop&quot; /&gt; Ta kuma yi aiki tare da Marlene Wayar, wanda ya kafa El Teje - jaridar farko a Latin Amurka - da Sakataren Ayyuka Enrique Deibe don horar da malamai 500 da masu gudanar da ilimi kan bambancin.&lt;ref name=&quot;LaCiu-SRcoop&quot; /&gt; Shirin ya haifar da mutane 20 na LGBT da suka sami takardar shaidar ilimin su a La Matanza da Morón.&lt;ref name=&quot;LaCiu-SRcoop&quot; /&gt; Sacayán ta kuma yi aiki tare da Deibe a watan Satumbar 2011  wajen inganta wani taron da ta iya shawo kan kusan masu halarta 200 da bukatar travesti, transsexuals, da transgender mutane don samun damar yin aiki na gargajiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;LaCiu-SRcoop&quot; /&gt;

Mummunan harin da aka kai kan Nahuel Albornoz a cikin 2014 a Virrey del Pino, Sacayán - a madadin MAL - da kungiyar Matasa don Diversity (JxD) sun nemi a samar da wani yanki don magance rashin daidaiton da mutanen LGBT ke fuskanta wanda kuma zai ba da damar ilimantar da al'umma kan hakkokinsu da kuma yin aiki tare da rage girman mutuncin kasar Argentina. tatsuniyoyi na kuskure.

Yawancin kungiyoyin kare hakkin jama'a na LGBT sun taru don yin aiki tare da Diana Conti a cikin 2014 a yunƙurin kafa Project 8194 wanda zai buƙaci gwamnati ta biya diyya ga mutanen da hukumomin gwamnati suka kama bisa tushen jima'i ko yanayin.

=== Ganuwa ===
[[Fayil:Cristina_Sacayán_DNI.jpg|thumb|Diana Sacayán tare da shugabar ƙasar a lokacin Cristina Fernández de Kirchner suna karɓar Takardun Shaida ta Ƙasa, bayan da aka amince da Dokar Shaida Gender a 2012 a Argentina.]]
A ranar 2 ga Yuli, 2012, ta karɓi katin shaidar ɗan ƙasa a matsayin mace da kanta daga tsohuwar shugabar Argentina, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. &lt;ref name=&quot;ref01&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 October 2015 |title=Argentina's third violent transgender death in a month sparks call for justice |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/14/argentina-transgender-women-violence-cristina-fernandez |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015143113/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/14/argentina-transgender-women-violence-cristina-fernandez |archive-date=2015-10-15 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sacayán, tare da Berkins, sun taimaka a zanga-zangar a duk faɗin ƙasar a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 2015 suna yanke hukuncin kisa a Argentina.&lt;ref name=&quot;PaG-8&quot;/&gt; :{{Rp|269}} Yunkurin ya bazu zuwa wasu ƙasashe da yawa a ƙarƙashin sunan Ni una menos . &lt;ref name=&quot;PaG-8&quot; /&gt; : 269 {{Rp|269}}

=== Kaddamarwa ===
An kama Sacayán a lokuta da yawa saboda keta ka'idojin laifi bayan ya fito saboda ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a Buenos Aires a lokacin ya zama travesti. An kama ta a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 2001, a Don Bosco, kuma an tuhume ta da fashi.&lt;ref name=&quot;UN2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite report|last1=Nigel Rodley}}&lt;/ref&gt; An tsare ta tare da fursunoni maza kuma an bar ta ba tare da abinci ko bargo ba har kwana da yawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;UN2002&quot; /&gt; Bayan an sake ta, ta bayyana cewa an azabtar da ita kuma ainihin dalilin da ya sa aka kama ta shine kin ba da cin hanci ga 'yan sanda. Karamin sakatare na shari'a na lardin Buenos Aires ya yarda cewa ta ci gaba da tsare Sacayán a Don Bosco saboda kasancewarta 'yar iska, kuma shugaban wannan sashe na gidan yarin ya gabatar da rahoto game da 'zargin' Sacayán.&lt;ref name=&quot;UN2002&quot; /&gt; A ranar 19 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2001, an sake kama Sacayán, a wannan lokacin saboda rawar da ta taka a zanga-zangar. : 4, 7 {{Rp|4, 7}}

Ta sadu da Lohana Berkins lokacin da ta yi watanni tara a kurkuku a Florencio Varela .  : 7 Berkins ya ba da taimakon shari'a da kuma tattauna kan Hagu tare da Sacayán . &lt;ref name=&quot;LP2003-CP&quot; /&gt; : 7 Sa’ad da take magana game da lokacin da take tsare a hannun ‘yan sanda a wani edita na 2012, Sacayán ta bayyana sarai yadda wani jami’in ya yi mata dukan tsiya kuma ya bukaci ta yi watsi da kanta.

Lokacin da aka kama ta tare da 'yar'uwarta Johana a ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2004,  kungiyar 'yan gurguzu ta mata Bread and Roses [es] ta goyi bayan ayyukanta.  Magoya bayan kungiyoyi da yawa - jimlar akalla mutane 4,000 - sun taru a Plaza de Mayo kuma sun bukaci a saki fursunoni da yawa waɗanda aka tsare su ne kawai saboda dalilai na siyasa. 'Yan sanda sun saki Sacayán daga kurkuku amma sun tsare ta a gidan yari.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANRed-HA04&quot; /&gt; Dukansu Diana da Johana sun gabatar da korafe-korafe goma sha ɗaya a kan yankin Laferrere na huɗu saboda tsare-tsare ba bisa ka'ida ba; Diana ta ba da shaida a gaban Sakatariyar 'Yancin Dan Adam a Buenos Aires sau uku da Ma'aikatar Shari'a sau ɗaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANRed-HA04&quot; /&gt;

A ranar 9 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2015, yayin da Sacayán da 'yar gwagwarmayar trans Sonia Pamela Díaz suka jira su shiga Metrobus, wani da ke tafiya ya wuce su ya zagi su kuma ya fara kai musu hari. 'Yan sanda sun amsa ta hanyar kama Sacayán, Díaz, da kuma wani mai fafutuka, Martín Lanfranco; &lt;ref name=&quot;LQD-2015&quot; /&gt; Sacayán ya bayyana cewa jami'an sun yi amfani da taser a kanta.  An tura Sacayán cikin zirga-zirga a gaban taksi mai zuwa, amma ya sami damar yin birki kuma ya guje wa bugawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;LQD-2015&quot; /&gt; 'Yan sanda sun saki masu fafutuka washegari, &lt;ref name=&quot;LQD-2015&quot; /&gt; bayan sun tsare su tsakanin sa'o'i tara zuwa goma, wanda ya sa Sacayán ya gabatar da korafi. &lt;ref name=&quot;TVP-15&quot; /&gt;

== Mutuwa ==
An kashe Sacayán a cikin gidanta a Flores, Buenos Aires tsakanin maraice na 10 ga Oktoba da safiyar 11 ga Oktoba 2015 ta wasu mahara biyu. An daure ta da mari, an daure ta, aka yi mata duka. Daya daga cikin maharan ya buge ta da karfi a fuska har wani bangare na tafin takalminsu ya kwanta a cikin fata a karkashin hancinta. An caka mata wuka har sau 13.
[[Fayil:Militante_de_M.A.L.jpg|thumb|Mai zanga-zangar a cikin Maris daga Plaza de Mayo zuwa Majalisa, tafiya ta farko ta kasa game da kisan kai, 28 Yuni 2016 . ]]
Masu fafutuka sun ci gaba da zanga-zangar a shekara mai zuwa lokacin da shari'ar ta kasance ba a warware ba; Muzaharar farko ta kasa don nuna adawa da kisan kiyashi, wanda ya fara a Plaza de Mayo kuma ya ƙare a ginin Majalisa, ya gudana a ranar 28 ga Yuni 2016.

Ɗaya daga cikin korafe-korafe game da yadda ake gudanar da bincike game da kisan Sacayán shine cewa 'yan sanda sun bi da shi a matsayin kisan mata kawai.  Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta [[Amnesty International]] ta mayar da martani game da kisan gillar da aka yi, inda ta bayyana cewa idan Argentina ba ta yi bincike sosai ba tare da gurfanar da wadanda suka aikata laifin ba, wadanda suka kashe Sacayán - da kuma wadanda ke da alhakin kisan Marcela Chocobar da Coty Olmos da suka faru a cikin wata daya kafin mutuwar Sacayán - za su fahimci rashin daukar mataki a matsayin amincewa da kisan gilla.

'Yan sanda sun kama wadanda ake zargi biyu: Gabriel David Marino da Felix R.  Saboda babu isassun shaidun da za a gurfanar da Felix R., masu shigar da kara a cikin shari'ar sun bukaci a gurfanar da Marino a gaban shari'a shi kadai don a kiyaye karar daga rufe 'ba a warware ba'. A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 2018, Kotun hukunta masu aikata laifuka ta baka 4 ta yanke hukuncin cewa Marino zai ci gaba da kasancewa a gidan yari har zuwa aƙalla 27 ga Yuni 2018 har sai an kammala shari'ar.

An fara shari'ar Marino ne a ranar 12 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2018. A karo na farko a tarihi, Mai Shari'a na Argentina ya yarda cewa kisan ya kasance &quot;laifuka ce ta ƙiyayya game da asalin travesti&quot;, wanda aka sani da &quot;travesticide&quot;  ko &quot;transvesticide&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Radi |first=Blas |last2=Sardá-Chandiramani |first2=Alejandra |year=2016 |title=Travesticide / transfemicide: Coordinates to think crimes against travestis and trans women in Argentina |url=https://www.aacademica.org/blas.radi/15.pdf |access-date=April 10, 2019 |website=Bulletin of the Gender Observatory of the Justice of the City of Buenos Aires |publisher=Acta Académica}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Spanish: travesticidio; wani nau'i na &quot;travest&quot; da &quot;kisan kai&quot;). &lt;ref name=&quot;batravesticidio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2018 |title=Killer handed life sentence for brutal murder in historic transvesticide trial |url=http://www.batimes.com.ar/news/argentina/killer-handed-life-sentence-for-brutal-murder-in-historic-transvesticide-trial.phtml |access-date=April 10, 2019 |website=[[Buenos Aires Herald]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;elpaistravesticidio&quot; /&gt; An yanke wa Marino hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai a ranar 18 ga Yuni 2018. Masu gwagwarmayar LGBT sun yi bikin hukuncin kuma an dauke su &quot;wani misali na canje-canjen [social] da ke gudana a Argentina. &quot;  INADI ta yi bikin hukuncin a matsayin ci gaba zuwa ga Argentina mai hadawa. 

A ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 2019, Minista Patricia Bullrich ta ba da tukuicin pesos 500,000 na Argentine ta amfani da ƙuduri 67/2019 don bayanin da ya kai ga kama maharin na biyu. An ƙara adadin zuwa pesos miliyan 2 na Argentine a ranar 12 ga Janairu 2022, bisa ga ƙuduri 36/2022.

A ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 2020, Majalisar Kararraki ta Kasa kan Laifuka da Gyarawa ta tabbatar da hukuncin Marino; duk da haka, sun cire bangaren transvestide, suna bayyana cewa an tsananta tashin hankali bisa jinsin Sacayán. A cikin shawarar da ya yanke, Alkalin Jorge Luis Rimondi ya yi sharhi cewa yankan ƙirjin Sacayán bai nuna niyyar isar da sako game da asalin jinsi ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clarin2020&quot; /&gt; Ya kuma ambaci rashin wani rahoto na baya daga Sacayán cewa Marino ya bayyana ra'ayoyin transphobic kuma cewa kisan bai faru a ranar da ta dace ba ga al'ummar LGBT a matsayin dalilin da ya sa za a soke takamaiman fasalin hukuncin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clarin2020&quot; /&gt; Har ila yau, ya ba da misali da rashin wani rahoto na baya daga Sacayán cewa Marino ya bayyana ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa da kuma cewa kisan kai bai faru a wata muhimmiyar rana ga al'ummar LGBT ba a matsayin dalilin soke wani yanki na musamman na hukuncin. Kotun Koli ta amince da wannan shawarar, tare da kuri'un memba mara kyau García-Mansilla . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=El fallo sobre Diana Sacayán que García Mansilla firmó mientras el Senado rechazaba su pliego |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/815732-el-fallo-sobre-diana-sacayan-que-garcia-mansilla-firmo-mient}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyauta ==
A ranar 17 ga Satumba 2015, majalisar dokoki ta Buenos Aires ta zartar da [[Diana Sacayán Law|Dokar 14783]] [es], ko Dokar Quota na Ayyuka na Travesti Transsexual, wanda ya sanya shi abin da ake buƙata cewa za a samar da kashi 1% na ayyukan da ke cikin gwamnati ga ƙwararrun travesti, masu canza jima'i, da masu canza jinsi.  Sacayán ya fara yin lobbying don dokar a cikin 2010,  yana aiki tare da wasu kungiyoyi tare da wakilin Karina Nazábal.  Duk da haka, ba tare da la'akari da yadda aka zartar da shi ba, gwamnatin Buenos Aires ba ta aiwatar da dokar ba.

A ranar 11 ga Yuni 2021, Majalisar Wakilan Argentina ta amince da dokar Diana Sacayán - Lohana Berkins, tare da zartar da kaso 1% a matakin ƙasa. Hakanan ya haɗa da ƙarfafawa ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu don ɗaukar ma'aikatan travesti, transsexual, da transgender. Ya samu kuri'u 207 ne suka amince da shi, 11 suka ki amincewa, sannan 7 suka ki amincewa. A ranar 24 ga Yuni 2021, Majalisar Dattijai ta Argentina ta zartar da dokar a matsayin doka, tare da [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Sanatoci]] 55 da suka amince da matakin, 1 da suka kada kuri'a a kan shi, da kuma 6 da suka guje.

A ranar 2 ga Yulin 2023, Google Doodle ya nuna Sacayán .  A ranar 11 ga Oktoba 2023, Casa Rosada, wurin aiki na hukuma na Shugaban Argentina, ya rataye hoto mai girma na Sacayán da ɗaya daga cikin [[Claudia Pía Baudracco]] a cikin ɗakin mata da masu adawa. A ranar 8 ga Maris 2024 - [[Ranar mata ta duniya|Ranar Mata ta Duniya]] - Shugaba [[Javier Milei]] ya canza sunan dakin zuwa &quot;Hall of Heroes&quot; kuma ya cire duk hotunan mata masu gwagwarmaya da ke rataye a bangon, tare da mai magana da yawun yana jayayya ga Milei cewa samun dakin da ke murna da mata yana nuna bambanci ga maza.

Wani shirin gaskiya mai suna &quot;Fue travestidio&quot; ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da kyautar Aiki a Ci gaba don bikin 36th de la Mujer y El Cine a 2024. 

== Rubuce-rubuce ==
Sacayán ya yi rubutu akai-akai don mujallar El Teje kuma shine editan kari na &quot;I Am&quot; na Página 12. 

* Ayyukan sunan kansa (2006),  {{ISBN|9789871231119}}
* ''Cumbia, gasa da hawaye'' (2008),  {{ISBN|9789871231799}}
* Blog na Movimiento Antidiscriminatorio de Liberación (M. A. L.) &lt;ref name=&quot;blogspot&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=M.A.L. Movimiento antidiscriminatorio de liberacion &amp;#124; Grupo MAL |url=http://grupomal.blogspot.com.ar/ |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=grupomal.blogspot.com.ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

[[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]]
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{| class=&quot;infobox biography vcard&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;font-size:125%;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;Diana Sacayán&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Diana_Sacayán.jpg|alt=Diana Sacayán|frameless]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;Diana Sacayán a cikin 2010&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |An haife shi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;1975-12-31&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; 31 Disamba 1975&lt;div class=&quot;birthplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;[[Tucumán]], Argentina&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ya mutu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |11 Oktoba 2015 &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(2015-10-11)&lt;/span&gt; (shekaru 39) &lt;div class=&quot;deathplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Dalilin mutuwa&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Homicide|Kisan kai]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Clarin2020&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=2020-10-06 |title=Confirman la prisión perpetua para el asesino de Diana Sacayán, pero sin el agravante por odio de género |trans-title=Life imprisonment confirmed for the murderer of Diana Sacayán, but without the aggravating circumstance of gender hatred |url=https://www.clarin.com/sociedad/confirman-prision-perpetua-asesino-diana-sacayan-agravante-odio-genero_0_sVBSflGUa.html |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wurin hutawa
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |Kabari na Lar de Paz, [[González Catán]] &lt;ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot;&gt;[https://www.telediariodigital.net/2015/10/adios-a-diana-sacayan-ella-dejo-un-legado-hay-que-continuar-su-lucha/ &quot;Adiós a Diana Sacayán: &quot;Ella dejó un legado, hay que continuar su lucha&quot;&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714000813/https://www.telediariodigital.net/2015/10/adios-a-diana-sacayan-ella-dejo-un-legado-hay-que-continuar-su-lucha/ |date=2024-07-14 }} &amp;#x5B;Goodbye to Diana Sacayán: “She left a legacy, we must continue her fight”&amp;#x5D;. ''Tele Diario Digital'' (in Spanish). Imperio Televisión S.A. 16 October 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 June&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Aiki
| class=&quot;infobox-data role&quot; |[[Activist|mai fafutuka]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Shekaru masu aiki&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2001 – 2015
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ƙungiya (s) 
| class=&quot;infobox-data org&quot; |Anti-Discrimination Movement of Liberation (MAL), wanda ya kafa  [[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association|ILGA]], jagora  [[National Institute Against Discrimination, Xenophobia and Racism|INADI]], memba &lt;ref name=&quot;Agencia52518&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Ludueña |first1=María Eugenia |last2=Fornaro |first2=Ana |date=2018-05-25 |title=#DianaSacayán &quot;La muerte violenta de una travesti es un travesticidio&quot;, dijo fiscalía |trans-title=#DianaSacayán &quot;The violent death of a transvestite is a transvesticide,&quot; said the prosecutor's office |url=https://agenciapresentes.org/2018/05/25/dianasacayan-la-muerte-violenta-de-una-travesti-es-un-travesticidio-dijo-fiscalia/ |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=Agencia Presentes |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;:&lt;sup class=&quot;reference nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Page / location: 270&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;270&amp;#x200A;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CR121215&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=2016-11-09 |title=Juzgarán a un acusado por el travesticidio de Diana Sacayán |trans-title=They will judge an accused for the transvesticicide of Diana Sacayán |url=https://www.cosecharoja.org/juzgaran-un-acusado-por-el-travesticidio-de-diana-sacayan/ |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=Cosecha Roja |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PaG-8&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Sosa |first=Lorena |date=2020-09-18 |title=Now You See Me? The Visibility of Trans and Travesti Experiences in Criminal Procedures |url=https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/2804/1746 |journal=Politics and Governance |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=266–277 |doi=10.17645/PAG.V8I3.2804 |issn=2183-2463 |s2cid=224980526 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |An san shi da&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Diana Sacayán Law Diana Sacayón - Lohana Berkins Law[es]&lt;br /&gt;[[Diana Sacayán – Lohana Berkins Law|Diana Sacayán - Dokar Lohana Berkins]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Jam'iyyar siyasa
| class=&quot;infobox-data org&quot; |[[Communist Party of Argentina|Kwaminisanci]] (kafin 2011) [[Independent politician|Mai zaman kansa]] (2011-2015) &lt;br /&gt;
|}
'''Amancay Diana Sacayán''' (31 Disamba 1975  - 11 Oktoba 2015) dan LGBT dan kasar [[Argentina]] ne kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam wanda ya yi gwagwarmayar kare haƙƙin shari'a na travesti da transgender mutane a Argentina.

Ta kafa kungiyar Anti-Discrimination Movement of Liberation (MAL)  kuma ta kasance wani ɓangare na National Front for the Gender Identity Act a Argentina a lokacin muhawara ta jama'a kan Dokar 26,743 kan Gender Identité.  A watan Yunin 2012, ta zama mutum na farko da ya yi takarar Mai ba da shawara, yana takarar La Matanza Partido . &lt;ref name=&quot;Clarin18&quot; /&gt; A ranar 2 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2012, ta zama mace ta farko ta Argentina da ta karbi katin shaidar kasa da ke tabbatar da jinsi. Shugaba Cristina Kirchner ne ya ba ta.

An kashe Sacayán a ranar 11 ga Oktoba 2015.  A ranar 18 ga watan Yunin shekarar 2018, Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta 4 ta [[Buenos Aires]] ta yanke wa daya daga cikin masu kisan kanta hukunci, inda ta yanke hukunci wanda ya amince, a karo na farko a cikin tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka na Argentina, kisan wani travesti a matsayin [[Laifin kiyayya|Laifin ƙiyayya]] da ya shafi asalin jinsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;elpaistravesticidio&quot; /&gt; An yi amfani da tanadi a Mataki na 80, sakin layi na 4 na Dokar Shari'a ta Argentina don cimma shawarar. Koyaya, wannan bangare na mummunan kisan ya soke shi a cikin yanke shawara ta Majalisar Kasuwanci ta Kasa a cikin Batutuwan Laifuka da Gyara a ranar 2 ga Oktoba 2020, kodayake an tabbatar da hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai.

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
An kuma haifi Amancay Diana Sacayán a Tucumán a kan 31 Disamban shekarar 1975. Kakaninta su ne Diaguita. Sa’ad da take ƙuruciya, danginta sun ƙaura zuwa Gregorio de Laferrère, Buenos Aires. Ta yi rayuwar talauci tare da 'yan uwanta 15.

Sacayán ya fito ne a matsayin travesti yana da shekara goma sha bakwai. Ta sami allurar silicone a cikin ƙirjinta da ƙafarta daga wani ɗan'uwa, hanyar da ba ta ba da shawarar ga wasu ba saboda damuwa game da tsabta. : 7 Sacayán ta yi aiki a matsayin karuwa na tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu  kafin ta shiga cikin gwagwarmaya a shekara ta 2001. &lt;ref name=&quot;LP2003-CP&quot; /&gt; : 7 {{Rp|7}}

Ta yi karatun Ilimi na Jama'a a Jami'ar Madres . 

== Yunkurin fafutuka ==

=== Kasancewa ===
Sacayán ya yi takarar neman mukamin mashawarcin makaranta tare da Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci don zaben da aka gudanar a ranar 24 ga Agusta 2003.  : 4 {{Rp|4}}

Ta yi takara a matsayin Mai ba da shawara na La Matanza Partido a shekarar 2012, ta zama dan takarar farko na irin wannan matsayi. Sacayán ya kasance mai zaman kansa a zaben, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan takara bakwai. An rage filin zuwa 'yan takara uku kafin' yan majalisa 24 su zabe a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2012: mai mulki Silvia Caprino, Sacayán, da Omar Frade. Sacayán ta sami kuri'u na biyu mafi girma a zaben, tare da Caprino ta riƙe ofishinta bayan ta sami kuriʼu 17.

=== Ƙungiyoyin ===
Sacayán ya ƙirƙiro ƙungiyar Anti-Discrimination Movement of Liberation (MAL), wata kungiya mai zaman kanta, a shekara ta 2001.  Ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofin kungiyar shine jaddada karfafawa ga mutanen LGBTI ta hanyar saduwa da haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali, daga horar da aiki da shirye-shiryen takaddun shaida  zuwa kafa ofishin kiwon lafiya don bukatun kiwon lafiya na hankali da na Jima'i a cikin al'ummar LGBT a duka Morón  da La Matanza.  Sacayán da MAL sun yi aiki a kai a kai don shawo kan ra'ayin karuwanci kasancewa aiki mai inganci da gaske  maimakon sakamakon kai tsaye na rashin damar aiki.  Ka'idodin hadawa da travesti, transsexual, da transgender mutane daga ƙarshe sun haifar da kirkirar Dokar Gender ta Kasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ley Nacional de Identidad de Género |trans-title=National Gender Identity Law |url=http://servicios.infoleg.gob.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/195000-199999/197860/norma.htm |access-date=31 October 2016 |website=servicios.infoleg.gob.ar |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baya ga aikinta tare da MAL, Sacayán ta kuma yi aiki a kan kwamitin kungiyar Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans da Intersex Association ta Duniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ref00&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Glum |first=Julia |date=15 October 2015 |title=Who Is Diana Sacayán? Transgender Activist In Argentina Found Dead After Possible Hate Crime |url=https://www.ibtimes.com/who-diana-sacayan-transgender-activist-argentina-found-dead-after-possible-hate-crime-2142072 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016125247/http://www.ibtimes.com/who-diana-sacayan-transgender-activist-argentina-found-dead-after-possible-hate-crime-2142072 |archive-date=2015-10-16 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=[[International Business Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Buenos Aires ta fitar da wata sanarwa, wanda kafofin watsa labarai suka sake bugawa, wanda MAL ya ba da sunan kai tsaye a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ga zartar da ƙuduri 2359, bisa ga doka 13.175 (daidai da samun damar kiwon lafiya), a ranar 5 ga Yuli 2007 wanda ke buƙatar duk ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a lardin Buenos Aires sun yi wa marasa lafiya da sunayen da suka fi so. Birnin Santa Fe ya zartar da irin wannan doka, Resolution 1877/09, kamar yadda birnin Buenos Aires ya yi, Dokar 3.062.

MAL da wasu kungiyoyi da yawa sun ba da shawarar cancantar al'ummar trans a Argentina don samun isassun gidaje da tsarin mulki ya ba da tabbacin a 2009. Duk da haƙƙin da aka tanadar a sashe na 14a na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Ƙasa, an hana masu yin maza da mata da maza da mata da maza da mata su shiga cikin Tsarin Gidajen Tarayya a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Shugaba Cristina Kirchner. &lt;ref name=&quot;ANR-FHP&quot; /&gt;

Tare da kungiyar Berkins don gwagwarmaya don Travesti da Transsexual Identity (ALITT),  Sacayán ya kuma taimaka wajen kafa hadin gwiwar Silvia Rivera, ƙungiyar da ke mai da hankali kan horar da membobin al'ummar trans don aiki a cikin sabis na abinci da masana'antar abinci.  Sun yi rajista tare da INAES yayin da suke ƙoƙarin kafa gidan cin abinci a La Matanza don horo.[es] Magajin garin Fernando Espinoza ya hana ci gaban hadin gwiwar ta hanyar kin ganawa da shugabannin ta a cikin 2011 game da wurin zahiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;SRcoop&quot; /&gt; Ta kuma yi aiki tare da Marlene Wayar, wanda ya kafa El Teje - jaridar farko a Latin Amurka - da Sakataren Ayyuka Enrique Deibe don horar da malamai 500 da masu gudanar da ilimi kan bambancin.&lt;ref name=&quot;LaCiu-SRcoop&quot; /&gt; Shirin ya haifar da mutane 20 na LGBT da suka sami takardar shaidar ilimin su a La Matanza da Morón.&lt;ref name=&quot;LaCiu-SRcoop&quot; /&gt; Sacayán ta kuma yi aiki tare da Deibe a watan Satumbar 2011  wajen inganta wani taron da ta iya shawo kan kusan masu halarta 200 da bukatar travesti, transsexuals, da transgender mutane don samun damar yin aiki na gargajiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;LaCiu-SRcoop&quot; /&gt;

Mummunan harin da aka kai kan Nahuel Albornoz a cikin 2014 a Virrey del Pino, Sacayán - a madadin MAL - da kungiyar Matasa don Diversity (JxD) sun nemi a samar da wani yanki don magance rashin daidaiton da mutanen LGBT ke fuskanta wanda kuma zai ba da damar ilimantar da al'umma kan hakkokinsu da kuma yin aiki tare da rage girman mutuncin kasar Argentina. tatsuniyoyi na kuskure.

Yawancin kungiyoyin kare hakkin jama'a na LGBT sun taru don yin aiki tare da Diana Conti a cikin 2014 a yunƙurin kafa Project 8194 wanda zai buƙaci gwamnati ta biya diyya ga mutanen da hukumomin gwamnati suka kama bisa tushen jima'i ko yanayin.

=== Ganuwa ===
[[Fayil:Cristina_Sacayán_DNI.jpg|thumb|Diana Sacayán tare da shugabar ƙasar a lokacin Cristina Fernández de Kirchner suna karɓar Takardun Shaida ta Ƙasa, bayan da aka amince da Dokar Shaida Gender a 2012 a Argentina.]]
A ranar 2 ga Yuli, 2012, ta karɓi katin shaidar ɗan ƙasa a matsayin mace da kanta daga tsohuwar shugabar Argentina, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. &lt;ref name=&quot;ref01&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 October 2015 |title=Argentina's third violent transgender death in a month sparks call for justice |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/14/argentina-transgender-women-violence-cristina-fernandez |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015143113/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/14/argentina-transgender-women-violence-cristina-fernandez |archive-date=2015-10-15 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sacayán, tare da Berkins, sun taimaka a zanga-zangar a duk faɗin ƙasar a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 2015 suna yanke hukuncin kisa a Argentina.&lt;ref name=&quot;PaG-8&quot;/&gt; :{{Rp|269}} Yunkurin ya bazu zuwa wasu ƙasashe da yawa a ƙarƙashin sunan Ni una menos . &lt;ref name=&quot;PaG-8&quot; /&gt; : 269 {{Rp|269}}

=== Kaddamarwa ===
An kama Sacayán a lokuta da yawa saboda keta ka'idojin laifi bayan ya fito saboda ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a Buenos Aires a lokacin ya zama travesti. An kama ta a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 2001, a Don Bosco, kuma an tuhume ta da fashi.&lt;ref name=&quot;UN2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite report|last1=Nigel Rodley}}&lt;/ref&gt; An tsare ta tare da fursunoni maza kuma an bar ta ba tare da abinci ko bargo ba har kwana da yawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;UN2002&quot; /&gt; Bayan an sake ta, ta bayyana cewa an azabtar da ita kuma ainihin dalilin da ya sa aka kama ta shine kin ba da cin hanci ga 'yan sanda. Karamin sakatare na shari'a na lardin Buenos Aires ya yarda cewa ta ci gaba da tsare Sacayán a Don Bosco saboda kasancewarta 'yar iska, kuma shugaban wannan sashe na gidan yarin ya gabatar da rahoto game da 'zargin' Sacayán.&lt;ref name=&quot;UN2002&quot; /&gt; A ranar 19 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2001, an sake kama Sacayán, a wannan lokacin saboda rawar da ta taka a zanga-zangar. : 4, 7 {{Rp|4, 7}}

Ta sadu da Lohana Berkins lokacin da ta yi watanni tara a kurkuku a Florencio Varela .  : 7 Berkins ya ba da taimakon shari'a da kuma tattauna kan Hagu tare da Sacayán . &lt;ref name=&quot;LP2003-CP&quot; /&gt; : 7 Sa’ad da take magana game da lokacin da take tsare a hannun ‘yan sanda a wani edita na 2012, Sacayán ta bayyana sarai yadda wani jami’in ya yi mata dukan tsiya kuma ya bukaci ta yi watsi da kanta.

Lokacin da aka kama ta tare da 'yar'uwarta Johana a ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2004,  kungiyar 'yan gurguzu ta mata Bread and Roses [es] ta goyi bayan ayyukanta.  Magoya bayan kungiyoyi da yawa - jimlar akalla mutane 4,000 - sun taru a Plaza de Mayo kuma sun bukaci a saki fursunoni da yawa waɗanda aka tsare su ne kawai saboda dalilai na siyasa. 'Yan sanda sun saki Sacayán daga kurkuku amma sun tsare ta a gidan yari.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANRed-HA04&quot; /&gt; Dukansu Diana da Johana sun gabatar da korafe-korafe goma sha ɗaya a kan yankin Laferrere na huɗu saboda tsare-tsare ba bisa ka'ida ba; Diana ta ba da shaida a gaban Sakatariyar 'Yancin Dan Adam a Buenos Aires sau uku da Ma'aikatar Shari'a sau ɗaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ANRed-HA04&quot; /&gt;

A ranar 9 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2015, yayin da Sacayán da 'yar gwagwarmayar trans Sonia Pamela Díaz suka jira su shiga Metrobus, wani da ke tafiya ya wuce su ya zagi su kuma ya fara kai musu hari. 'Yan sanda sun amsa ta hanyar kama Sacayán, Díaz, da kuma wani mai fafutuka, Martín Lanfranco; &lt;ref name=&quot;LQD-2015&quot; /&gt; Sacayán ya bayyana cewa jami'an sun yi amfani da taser a kanta.  An tura Sacayán cikin zirga-zirga a gaban taksi mai zuwa, amma ya sami damar yin birki kuma ya guje wa bugawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;LQD-2015&quot; /&gt; 'Yan sanda sun saki masu fafutuka washegari, &lt;ref name=&quot;LQD-2015&quot; /&gt; bayan sun tsare su tsakanin sa'o'i tara zuwa goma, wanda ya sa Sacayán ya gabatar da korafi. &lt;ref name=&quot;TVP-15&quot; /&gt;

== Mutuwa ==
An kashe Sacayán a cikin gidanta a Flores, Buenos Aires tsakanin maraice na 10 ga Oktoba da safiyar 11 ga Oktoba 2015 ta wasu mahara biyu. An daure ta da mari, an daure ta, aka yi mata duka. Daya daga cikin maharan ya buge ta da karfi a fuska har wani bangare na tafin takalminsu ya kwanta a cikin fata a karkashin hancinta. An caka mata wuka har sau 13.
[[Fayil:Militante_de_M.A.L.jpg|thumb|Mai zanga-zangar a cikin Maris daga Plaza de Mayo zuwa Majalisa, tafiya ta farko ta kasa game da kisan kai, 28 Yuni 2016 . ]]
Masu fafutuka sun ci gaba da zanga-zangar a shekara mai zuwa lokacin da shari'ar ta kasance ba a warware ba; Muzaharar farko ta kasa don nuna adawa da kisan kiyashi, wanda ya fara a Plaza de Mayo kuma ya ƙare a ginin Majalisa, ya gudana a ranar 28 ga Yuni 2016.

Ɗaya daga cikin korafe-korafe game da yadda ake gudanar da bincike game da kisan Sacayán shine cewa 'yan sanda sun bi da shi a matsayin kisan mata kawai.  Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta [[Amnesty International]] ta mayar da martani game da kisan gillar da aka yi, inda ta bayyana cewa idan Argentina ba ta yi bincike sosai ba tare da gurfanar da wadanda suka aikata laifin ba, wadanda suka kashe Sacayán - da kuma wadanda ke da alhakin kisan Marcela Chocobar da Coty Olmos da suka faru a cikin wata daya kafin mutuwar Sacayán - za su fahimci rashin daukar mataki a matsayin amincewa da kisan gilla.

'Yan sanda sun kama wadanda ake zargi biyu: Gabriel David Marino da Felix R.  Saboda babu isassun shaidun da za a gurfanar da Felix R., masu shigar da kara a cikin shari'ar sun bukaci a gurfanar da Marino a gaban shari'a shi kadai don a kiyaye karar daga rufe 'ba a warware ba'. A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 2018, Kotun hukunta masu aikata laifuka ta baka 4 ta yanke hukuncin cewa Marino zai ci gaba da kasancewa a gidan yari har zuwa aƙalla 27 ga Yuni 2018 har sai an kammala shari'ar.

An fara shari'ar Marino ne a ranar 12 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2018. A karo na farko a tarihi, Mai Shari'a na Argentina ya yarda cewa kisan ya kasance &quot;laifuka ce ta ƙiyayya game da asalin travesti&quot;, wanda aka sani da &quot;travesticide&quot;  ko &quot;transvesticide&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Radi |first=Blas |last2=Sardá-Chandiramani |first2=Alejandra |year=2016 |title=Travesticide / transfemicide: Coordinates to think crimes against travestis and trans women in Argentina |url=https://www.aacademica.org/blas.radi/15.pdf |access-date=April 10, 2019 |website=Bulletin of the Gender Observatory of the Justice of the City of Buenos Aires |publisher=Acta Académica}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Spanish: travesticidio; wani nau'i na &quot;travest&quot; da &quot;kisan kai&quot;). &lt;ref name=&quot;batravesticidio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2018 |title=Killer handed life sentence for brutal murder in historic transvesticide trial |url=http://www.batimes.com.ar/news/argentina/killer-handed-life-sentence-for-brutal-murder-in-historic-transvesticide-trial.phtml |access-date=April 10, 2019 |website=[[Buenos Aires Herald]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;elpaistravesticidio&quot; /&gt; An yanke wa Marino hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai a ranar 18 ga Yuni 2018. Masu gwagwarmayar LGBT sun yi bikin hukuncin kuma an dauke su &quot;wani misali na canje-canjen [social] da ke gudana a Argentina. &quot;  INADI ta yi bikin hukuncin a matsayin ci gaba zuwa ga Argentina mai hadawa. 

A ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 2019, Minista Patricia Bullrich ta ba da tukuicin pesos 500,000 na Argentine ta amfani da ƙuduri 67/2019 don bayanin da ya kai ga kama maharin na biyu. An ƙara adadin zuwa pesos miliyan 2 na Argentine a ranar 12 ga Janairu 2022, bisa ga ƙuduri 36/2022.

A ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 2020, Majalisar Kararraki ta Kasa kan Laifuka da Gyarawa ta tabbatar da hukuncin Marino; duk da haka, sun cire bangaren transvestide, suna bayyana cewa an tsananta tashin hankali bisa jinsin Sacayán. A cikin shawarar da ya yanke, Alkalin Jorge Luis Rimondi ya yi sharhi cewa yankan ƙirjin Sacayán bai nuna niyyar isar da sako game da asalin jinsi ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clarin2020&quot; /&gt; Ya kuma ambaci rashin wani rahoto na baya daga Sacayán cewa Marino ya bayyana ra'ayoyin transphobic kuma cewa kisan bai faru a ranar da ta dace ba ga al'ummar LGBT a matsayin dalilin da ya sa za a soke takamaiman fasalin hukuncin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clarin2020&quot; /&gt; Har ila yau, ya ba da misali da rashin wani rahoto na baya daga Sacayán cewa Marino ya bayyana ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa da kuma cewa kisan kai bai faru a wata muhimmiyar rana ga al'ummar LGBT ba a matsayin dalilin soke wani yanki na musamman na hukuncin. Kotun Koli ta amince da wannan shawarar, tare da kuri'un memba mara kyau García-Mansilla . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=El fallo sobre Diana Sacayán que García Mansilla firmó mientras el Senado rechazaba su pliego |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/815732-el-fallo-sobre-diana-sacayan-que-garcia-mansilla-firmo-mient}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyauta ==
A ranar 17 ga Satumba 2015, majalisar dokoki ta Buenos Aires ta zartar da [[Diana Sacayán Law|Dokar 14783]] [es], ko Dokar Quota na Ayyuka na Travesti Transsexual, wanda ya sanya shi abin da ake buƙata cewa za a samar da kashi 1% na ayyukan da ke cikin gwamnati ga ƙwararrun travesti, masu canza jima'i, da masu canza jinsi.  Sacayán ya fara yin lobbying don dokar a cikin 2010,  yana aiki tare da wasu kungiyoyi tare da wakilin Karina Nazábal.  Duk da haka, ba tare da la'akari da yadda aka zartar da shi ba, gwamnatin Buenos Aires ba ta aiwatar da dokar ba.

A ranar 11 ga Yuni 2021, Majalisar Wakilan Argentina ta amince da dokar Diana Sacayán - Lohana Berkins, tare da zartar da kaso 1% a matakin ƙasa. Hakanan ya haɗa da ƙarfafawa ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu don ɗaukar ma'aikatan travesti, transsexual, da transgender. Ya samu kuri'u 207 ne suka amince da shi, 11 suka ki amincewa, sannan 7 suka ki amincewa. A ranar 24 ga Yuni 2021, Majalisar Dattijai ta Argentina ta zartar da dokar a matsayin doka, tare da [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Sanatoci]] 55 da suka amince da matakin, 1 da suka kada kuri'a a kan shi, da kuma 6 da suka guje.

A ranar 2 ga Yulin 2023, Google Doodle ya nuna Sacayán .  A ranar 11 ga Oktoba 2023, Casa Rosada, wurin aiki na hukuma na Shugaban Argentina, ya rataye hoto mai girma na Sacayán da ɗaya daga cikin [[Claudia Pía Baudracco]] a cikin ɗakin mata da masu adawa. A ranar 8 ga Maris 2024 - [[Ranar mata ta duniya|Ranar Mata ta Duniya]] - Shugaba [[Javier Milei]] ya canza sunan dakin zuwa &quot;Hall of Heroes&quot; kuma ya cire duk hotunan mata masu gwagwarmaya da ke rataye a bangon, tare da mai magana da yawun yana jayayya ga Milei cewa samun dakin da ke murna da mata yana nuna bambanci ga maza.

Wani shirin gaskiya mai suna &quot;Fue travestidio&quot; ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da kyautar Aiki a Ci gaba don bikin 36th de la Mujer y El Cine a 2024. 

== Rubuce-rubuce ==
Sacayán ya yi rubutu akai-akai don mujallar El Teje kuma shine editan kari na &quot;I Am&quot; na Página 12. 

* Ayyukan sunan kansa (2006),  {{ISBN|9789871231119}}
* ''Cumbia, gasa da hawaye'' (2008),  {{ISBN|9789871231799}}
* Blog na Movimiento Antidiscriminatorio de Liberación (M. A. L.) &lt;ref name=&quot;blogspot&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=M.A.L. Movimiento antidiscriminatorio de liberacion &amp;#124; Grupo MAL |url=http://grupomal.blogspot.com.ar/ |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=grupomal.blogspot.com.ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

[[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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Dangantakar Anglo-Portuguese a Afirka ta lalace ta hanyar shekarar 1890 British Ultimatum wanda ya hana Portugal shiga yankunanta a [[Angola]] da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] a fadin abin da daga baya ya zama [[Malawi]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]] da [[Zimbabwe]] wanda ya haifar da Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Portiguese ta 1891,  da kuma fahimtar Anglo-Porto a shekarar 1898 cewa, idan Portugal ta bar yankunanta na [[Afirka ta Kudu]] zuwa arewa da Jamus ta Gabas zuwa kudu yayin da Burtaniya za ta iya fadada yankin Afirka ta Kudu a gabas da kuma ta mallaki tsibirin Atlantika na Portugal. 

Sanarwar 1899 ta sake tabbatar da tsoffin yarjejeniyoyi tsakanin kasashen biyu, gami da na 1642 da 1661. Biritaniya ta amince da kare yankunan Portugal daga abokan gaba na &quot;gaba da na yanzu&quot;. Portugal ta amince da kada ta ayyana tsakatsaki a hukumance a Yaƙin Boer na Biyu mai zuwa da kuma hana motsi na Boer na makamai da sojoji ta hanyar [[Maputo|Lourenço Marques]] da Mozambique zuwa Transvaal . 

[[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] ta karya yarjejeniyar lokacin da ta kasa ba da taimako ga [[Portugal]] a lokacin da Indiya ta kai hari kan Indiya ta Portugal a 1961.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 Feb 2024 |title=Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 8, March, 1962 India, Portugal, Indian, Portuguese Territories, India, Portuguese, Page 18623 |url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/tomzgroup/pmwiki/uploads/1074-1962-03-KS-a-RCW.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219144027/https://web.stanford.edu/group/tomzgroup/pmwiki/uploads/1074-1962-03-KS-a-RCW.pdf |archive-date=19 Feb 2025 |access-date=26 Feb 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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Dangantakar Anglo-Portuguese a Afirka ta lalace ta hanyar shekarar 1890 British Ultimatum wanda ya hana Portugal shiga yankunanta a [[Angola]] da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] a fadin abin da daga baya ya zama [[Malawi]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]] da [[Zimbabwe]] wanda ya haifar da Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Portiguese ta 1891,  da kuma fahimtar Anglo-Porto a shekarar 1898 cewa, idan Portugal ta bar yankunanta na [[Afirka ta Kudu]] zuwa arewa da Jamus ta Gabas zuwa kudu yayin da Burtaniya za ta iya fadada yankin Afirka ta Kudu a gabas da kuma ta mallaki tsibirin Atlantika na Portugal. 

Sanarwar a shekarar 1899 ta sake tabbatar da tsoffin yarjejeniyoyi tsakanin kasashen biyu, gami da na 1642 da 1661. Biritaniya ta amince da kare yankunan Portugal daga abokan gaba na &quot;gaba da na yanzu&quot;. Portugal ta amince da kada ta ayyana tsakatsaki a hukumance a Yaƙin Boer na Biyu mai zuwa da kuma hana motsi na Boer na makamai da sojoji ta hanyar [[Maputo|Lourenço Marques]] da Mozambique zuwa Transvaal . 

[[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] ta karya yarjejeniyar lokacin da ta kasa ba da taimako ga [[Portugal]] a lokacin da Indiya ta kai hari kan Indiya ta Portugal a 1961.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 Feb 2024 |title=Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 8, March, 1962 India, Portugal, Indian, Portuguese Territories, India, Portuguese, Page 18623 |url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/tomzgroup/pmwiki/uploads/1074-1962-03-KS-a-RCW.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219144027/https://web.stanford.edu/group/tomzgroup/pmwiki/uploads/1074-1962-03-KS-a-RCW.pdf |archive-date=19 Feb 2025 |access-date=26 Feb 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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Dangantakar Anglo-Portuguese a Afirka ta lalace ta hanyar shekarar 1890 British Ultimatum wanda ya hana Portugal shiga yankunanta a [[Angola]] da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] a fadin abin da daga baya ya zama [[Malawi]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]] da [[Zimbabwe]] wanda ya haifar da Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Portiguese ta 1891,  da kuma fahimtar Anglo-Porto a shekarar 1898 cewa, idan Portugal ta bar yankunanta na [[Afirka ta Kudu]] zuwa arewa da Jamus ta Gabas zuwa kudu yayin da Burtaniya za ta iya fadada yankin Afirka ta Kudu a gabas da kuma ta mallaki tsibirin Atlantika na Portugal. 

Sanarwar a shekarar 1899 ta sake tabbatar da tsoffin yarjejeniyoyi tsakanin kasashen biyu, gami da na shekarar 1642 da 1661. Biritaniya ta amince da kare yankunan Portugal daga abokan gaba na &quot;gaba da na yanzu&quot;. Portugal ta amince da kada ta ayyana tsakatsaki a hukumance a Yaƙin Boer na Biyu mai zuwa da kuma hana motsi na Boer na makamai da sojoji ta hanyar [[Maputo|Lourenço Marques]] da Mozambique zuwa Transvaal . 

[[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] ta karya yarjejeniyar lokacin da ta kasa ba da taimako ga [[Portugal]] a lokacin da Indiya ta kai hari kan Indiya ta Portugal a 1961.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 Feb 2024 |title=Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 8, March, 1962 India, Portugal, Indian, Portuguese Territories, India, Portuguese, Page 18623 |url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/tomzgroup/pmwiki/uploads/1074-1962-03-KS-a-RCW.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219144027/https://web.stanford.edu/group/tomzgroup/pmwiki/uploads/1074-1962-03-KS-a-RCW.pdf |archive-date=19 Feb 2025 |access-date=26 Feb 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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Dangantakar Anglo-Portuguese a Afirka ta lalace ta hanyar shekarar 1890 British Ultimatum wanda ya hana Portugal shiga yankunanta a [[Angola]] da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] a fadin abin da daga baya ya zama [[Malawi]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]] da [[Zimbabwe]] wanda ya haifar da Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Portiguese ta 1891,  da kuma fahimtar Anglo-Porto a shekarar 1898 cewa, idan Portugal ta bar yankunanta na [[Afirka ta Kudu]] zuwa arewa da Jamus ta Gabas zuwa kudu yayin da Burtaniya za ta iya fadada yankin Afirka ta Kudu a gabas da kuma ta mallaki tsibirin Atlantika na Portugal. 

Sanarwar a shekarar 1899 ta sake tabbatar da tsoffin yarjejeniyoyi tsakanin kasashen biyu, gami da na shekarar 1642 da 1661. Biritaniya ta amince da kare yankunan Portugal daga abokan gaba na &quot;gaba da na yanzu&quot;. Portugal ta amince da kada ta ayyana tsakatsaki a hukumance a Yaƙin Boer na Biyu mai zuwa da kuma hana motsi na Boer na makamai da sojoji ta hanyar [[Maputo|Lourenço Marques]] da Mozambique zuwa Transvaal . 

[[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] ta karya yarjejeniyar lokacin da ta ƙasa ba da taimako ga [[Portugal]] a lokacin da Indiya ta kai hari kan Indiya ta Portugal a 1961.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 Feb 2024 |title=Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 8, March, 1962 India, Portugal, Indian, Portuguese Territories, India, Portuguese, Page 18623 |url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/tomzgroup/pmwiki/uploads/1074-1962-03-KS-a-RCW.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219144027/https://web.stanford.edu/group/tomzgroup/pmwiki/uploads/1074-1962-03-KS-a-RCW.pdf |archive-date=19 Feb 2025 |access-date=26 Feb 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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  <page>
    <title>Canjin yanayi a Iraki</title>
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A Iraki, [[Canjin yanayi]] ya haifar da tasirin muhalli kamar karuwar yanayin zafi, rage [[Yayafi|ruwan sama]], lalacewar ƙasa, da karancin ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;unsdg.un.org&quot; /&gt; Canjin yanayi yana haifar da haɗari da yawa ga lafiyar ɗan adam, hanyoyin rayuwa, kwanciyar hankali na siyasa, da ci gaban ci gaba mai ɗorewa na ƙasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;unsdg.un.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Climate change is the biggest threat Iraq has ever faced, but there is hope to turn things around |url=https://unsdg.un.org/latest/blog/climate-change-biggest-threat-iraq-has-ever-faced-there-hope-turn-things-around,%20https://unsdg.un.org/latest/blog/climate-change-biggest-threat-iraq-has-ever-faced-there-hope-turn-things-around |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=unsdg.un.org |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Haɗin abubuwan muhalli, rikice-rikice, rashin ƙarfi, da kuma ƙarfin da aka hana don rage canjin yanayi, ya sanya Iraki ta musamman a cikin haɗari ga mummunan tasirin canjin yanayi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wehrey |first=Frederic Wehrey |date=July 6, 2023 |title=Climate Change and Vulnerability in the Middle East |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2023/07/climate-change-and-vulnerability-in-the-middle-east?lang=en |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace}}&lt;/ref&gt; Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta sanya su ƙasa ta 5 mafi rauni ga canjin yanayi . Hawan yanayin zafi, ƙarancin fari, raguwar hazo, hamada, salinization, da karuwar yaduwar guguwar ƙura ƙalubale ne fuskokin Iraki saboda mummunan tasirin canjin yanayi. Rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa na kasa da na yanki da rikice-rikice sun sa ya zama da wahala a [[Rage canjin yanayi|rage tasirin canjin yanayi]], magance kula da ruwa na kasa da kasa, da kuma ci gaba da dorewa a Iraki. &lt;ref name=&quot;unsdg.un.org&quot; /&gt; Canjin yanayi ya yi mummunar tasiri ga yawan mutanen Iraki ta hanyar asarar damar tattalin arziki, rashin tsaro na abinci, karancin ruwa, da ƙaura.

Kalubale da suka shafi ruwa suna kan gaba a matsalolin muhalli na Iraki. Misalai sun yi hasashen cewa ruwan sama zai ragu da kashi 9% kuma matsakaicin yanayin zafi na shekara-shekara zai karu da 2 ° C nan da shekara ta 2050.&lt;ref name=&quot;www.climatelinks.org-20172&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-03-03 |title=Climate Risk Profile: Iraq |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/climate-risk-profile-iraq |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=www.climatelinks.org |language=en |archive-date=2023-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115152727/https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/climate-risk-profile-iraq |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ruwan kogin Tigris da Yufiretis, wanda ke samar da kashi 98% na ruwan Iraki, ya ragu da kashi 30-40% a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Natasha |date=2023-12-05 |title=Local to Global: Tensions Course through Iraq's Waterways |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/local-global-tensions-course-through-iraqs-waterways |website=Center for Strategic and International Studies}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana kuma raba albarkatun ruwa na waɗannan koguna biyu tare da ƙasashe makwabta. Rashin ruwa na Iraki ya ragu sosai a tsawon lokaci saboda gina madatsar ruwa daga kasashe masu tasowa.

A cikin 2019 Iraki ta ba da gudummawa 0.5% ga hayakin carbon na duniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;World Bank&quot; /&gt; Sashin makamashi na Iraki da fitar da hayaki masu gudu sun kai kashi uku cikin hudu na hayaki na kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;World Bank&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iraq Country Climate and Development Report |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/iraq/publication/iraq-country-climate-and-development-report |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=World Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Musamman, bangarorin man fetur da iskar gas na Iraki sun samar da kashi 9% na hayakin methane na duniya a cikin 2019, wani ɓangare na shi daga flares na iskar gas ne.&lt;ref name=&quot;unsdg.un.org&quot;/&gt; Sashen sharar gida, masana'antu, da aikin gona su ne sauran bangarorin da ke ba da gudummawa ga fitar da iskar gas a Iraki.

Iraki ta samar da gudummawar da aka ƙaddara ta kasa (INDC), wanda shine tsarin manufofi da manufofi don yadda Iraki za ta iya magance canjin yanayi. Iraki na son rage hayaki da kashi 15% nan da shekara ta 2035, tare da takamaiman mayar da hankali kan rage hayaki na methane.&lt;ref name=&quot;www.ccacoalition.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iraq Includes Methane in its Nationally Determined Contributions, Citing Health and Development Benefits |url=https://www.ccacoalition.org/news/iraq-includes-methane-its-nationally-determined-contributions-citing-health-and-development-benefits |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=www.ccacoalition.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iraki ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar [[Faris|Paris]] a cikin 2021 kuma ta himmatu ga takamaiman matakai don rage hayakin methane a cikin sashin mai da iskar gas, wanda sabon rundunar da aka kafa ta kasa ta ma'aikatar kan hayakin metane ke daidaitawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=As Iraq joins Paris Agreement, UN calls for further support to help the country adapt |url=https://iraq.un.org/en/161240-iraq-joins-paris-agreement-un-calls-further-support-help-country-adapt,%20https://iraq.un.org/en/161240-iraq-joins-paris-agreement-un-calls-further-support-help-country-adapt |access-date= |website=iraq.un.org |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tasirin yanayi ==
Iraki tana da rauni ga canjin yanayi saboda dalilai daban-daban da suka danganci juna. Iraki tana cikin yankin da ya bushe a duniya kuma ana iya raba shi zuwa yankuna uku: hamada mai bushewa na kudu, filayen da ba su da ruwa, da yankin arewacin tsaunuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;World Bank&quot;/&gt; Tare da ƙasar da ba ta da ruwa, Iraki ta fuskanci rikice-rikicen siyasa, rashin kula da albarkatun da ba su da yawa, da kuma lalacewar mahimman yanayin halittu.

=== Yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen yanayi ===
 
Ruwa na zafi da matsakaicin zafin jiki suna ƙaruwa da sauri a Iraki. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na Iraki ya karu da digiri 0.7 na Celsius a kowace ƙarni. Wadannan hauhawar yanayin zafi na duniya sun kara karancin ruwa da hamada a Iraki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=International Organization for Migration |date=2022 |title=Migration, Environment and Climate Change in Iraq |url=https://iraq.un.org/en/download/113620/194355}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matsakaicin yanayin yanayi na Iraki ya kunshi lokacin rigar da bushewa. Koyaya, canjin yanayi yana ƙarfafa waɗannan lokutan, wanda ke haifar da matsanancin fari da abubuwan ambaliyar ruwa. Yankunan kudanci da tsakiya na Iraki suna nuna alamun raguwar hazo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=[[USAID]] |date=3 March 2017 |title=Climate Risk Profile: Iraq |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/climate-change-risk-profile-iraq |access-date=2019-08-10 |website=Climatelinks |language=en |archive-date=2021-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231230441/https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/climate-risk-profile-iraq |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki da hazo sun haifar da karuwar ƙura da guguwar yashi a duk faɗin Iraki.&lt;ref name=&quot;adelphi.de&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Climate Risk Profile: Iraq |url=https://adelphi.de/en/publications/climate-risk-profile-iraq |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=adelphi.de |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaduwar hamada, ko lalacewar ƙasa mai samar da kwayoyin halitta zuwa hamada mara amfani, yana ƙaruwa a Iraki. Wani binciken da ke sa ido kan yanayin ƙasa na Iraki ya gano cewa daga 1990 zuwa 2014, yankin hamada ya karu da kashi 5%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ajaj |first=Qayssar Mahmood |last2=Pradhan |first2=Biswajeet |last3=Noori |first3=Abbas Mohammed |last4=Jebur |first4=Mustafa Neamah |date=November 2017 |title=Spatial Monitoring of Desertification Extent in Western Iraq using Landsat Images and GIS |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ldr.2775 |journal=Land Degradation &amp; Development |language=en |volume=28 |issue=8 |pages=2418–2431 |bibcode=2017LDeDe..28.2418A |doi=10.1002/ldr.2775 |issn=1085-3278 |s2cid=134026184 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zuwa 2022, kashi 39% na ƙasar Iraki ya shafi hamada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-11-14 |title=Iraq: Expanding deserts, searing temperatures, and dying land: Climate crises deepen struggle of farmers |url=https://www.icrc.org/en/document/iraq-expanding-deserts-searing-temperatures-and-dying-land-climate-crises-deepen-struggle |access-date= |website=International Committee of the Red Cross |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ma'adanai na ruwa ===
Tsarin Kogin Tigris-Yufiretis da ruwan da aka ba shi suna da kashi 98% na ruwa a Iraki, wanda ke da alaƙa da tsarin halittu daban-daban. Jimlar yankin da aka tara (yankin da ruwan sama ke gudana cikin ruwa) an kiyasta yana da girman murabba'in kilomita 430,000 (km2), kusan 46% na duk ƙasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oznur-2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Giovanis |last2=Eleftherios |last3=Ozdamar |last4=Oznur |date=December 9, 2021 |title=The Transboundary Effects of Climate Change and Global Adaptation: the Case of the Euphrates-Tigris Water Basin in Turkey and Iraq |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4320746 |journal=SSRN Electronic Journal |ssrn=4320746}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa na Iraki da kogunan koguna suna da matukar damuwa ga tasirin Canjin Yanayi a cikin karni na 21, ta hanyar dumama duniya, raguwar hazo, canza tsarin rarraba, salinity, da evaporation.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oznur-2021&quot; /&gt; Iraki tana fuskantar matsanancin matsalar ruwa. Tare da raguwar yawan ruwan sama, samfuran sun yi hasashen cewa ruwan da ke akwai zai ragu yayin da buƙatar ruwan amfanin gona ke ƙaruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Salman |first=Saleem A. |last2=Shahid |first2=Shamsuddin |last3=Sharafati |first3=Ahmad |last4=Salem |first4=Golam Saleh Ahmed |last5=Bakar |first5=Amyrhul Abu |last6=Farooque |first6=Aitazaz Ahsan |last7=Chung |first7=Eun-Sung |last8=Ahmed |first8=Yaseen Adnan |last9=Mikhail |first9=Bryukhov |last10=Yaseen |first10=Zaher Mundher |date=December 2021 |title=Projection of Agricultural Water Stress for Climate Change Scenarios: A Regional Case Study of Iraq |journal=Agriculture |language=en |volume=11 |issue=12 |pages=1288 |doi=10.3390/agriculture11121288 |issn=2077-0472 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda haɗuwa da dalilai, mafi mahimmanci shine karuwar yanayin zafi, kwararar ruwa za ta ragu a Iraki da kashi 25 zuwa 50%.&lt;ref name=&quot;climate-diplomacy.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water, peace and security (WPS) partnership: Iraq |url=https://climate-diplomacy.org/water-peace-and-security-wps-partnership-iraq |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=climate-diplomacy.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Babban raguwar ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ba zai shafi matakan ruwa da kwarara ba amma zai haifar da mummunar tasiri ga aikin gona da lafiyar ɗan adam. &lt;ref name=&quot;climate-diplomacy.org&quot; /&gt;

Yayin da matakan ruwa ke fadowa, karuwar salinity na samar da ruwa ya zama damuwa a kudancin Iraki, musamman a [[Basra]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cooke |first=Kieran |date=12 Nov 2018 |title=Iraq's climate stresses are set to worsen |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/go/61850 |access-date=2019-08-10 |website=PreventionWeb |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi ====
Canjin yanayi ya kara tsananta yanayin yanayi, musamman fari da ambaliyar ruwa. Rage ruwan sama da karuwar yanayin zafi sune manyan direbobi na fari. Matsalar fari ta Iraki ta zurfafa, tare da 2018 da 2021 kasancewa shekaru na farko da na biyu mafi bushewa da aka rubuta, bi da bi.&lt;ref name=&quot;adelphi.de&quot;/&gt;

==== Yankunan Mesopotamiya ====
Yankin Mesopotamiya a kudancin Iraki, tsarin halittu mai mahimmanci ga dabbobi da mutane, ya lalace saboda abubuwan da suka haifar da mutum da canjin yanayi. Bayan zubar da ruwa na marshes, yanayin halittu na marsh ya zama mai saukin kamuwa da tasirin kamar karancin ruwa, raƙuman zafi, da fari. Hawan matakin teku da salinization na ruwa haɗe da dogon lokacin bushewa sun lalata marshes. Ya zuwa 2023, Cibiyar Maido da Yankin Yankin Yammacin Iraqi da Yankin Ruwa a Ma'aikatar Ruwa ta kiyasta cewa kashi 70% na Yankin ba su da ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-07-10 |title=FAO Renews its Call for Urgent Action to safeguard Iraq's Marshes and Buffalo Producers from Severe Climate Change and Water Scarcity [EN/AR] |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/fao-renews-its-call-urgent-action-safeguard-iraqs-marshes-and-buffalo-producers-severe-climate-change-and-water-scarcity-enar |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tasirin da aka yi wa mutane ==
Canjin yanayi ya haifar da mummunar tasiri ga mutanen Iraki, gami da batutuwan kiwon lafiya, ƙaura daga ƙasa, gwagwarmayar tattalin arziki, da ƙarancin albarkatu. Hawan yanayin zafi, canje-canje a cikin tsarin hazo, lalacewar ƙasa, da fari sun yi mummunar tasiri ga aikin gona, wanda ya haifar da raguwar amfanin gona da asarar ƙasar noma.&lt;ref name=&quot;www.climatelinks.org-2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-03-03 |title=Climate Risk Profile: Iraq |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/climate-risk-profile-iraq |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=www.climatelinks.org |language=en |archive-date=2023-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115152727/https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/climate-risk-profile-iraq |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan tasirin suna haifar da yawan mutanen karkara masu dogaro da aikin gona su koma cibiyoyin birane saboda raguwar albarkatun kasa da damar tattalin arziki.&lt;ref name=&quot;adelphi.de&quot;/&gt; Tasirin aikin gona yana barazana ga tsaron abinci na Iraki. Rashin ruwa da gurɓataccen ruwa sun haifar da cututtukan da ke cikin ruwa da rashin tsabta.

Bugu da ƙari, dangantakar da ke tsakanin canjin yanayi da rikice-rikicen yanki a Iraki yana da mummunar tasiri ga rayuwar rayuwa. Haɗin rashin ƙarfi na mulki, ƙarancin albarkatun ƙasa, da rikici suna haifar da ƙalubale na musamman ga rayuwar mutanen Iraki; alal misali, ƙarancen albarkatun da ke haifar da tashin hankali a cikin al'umma ko rashin ƙarfi na mulkin da ke haifar le rashin kula da ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Climate change effects on conflict dynamics in Iraq |url=https://berghof-foundation.org/library/climate-change-effects-on-conflict-dynamics-in-iraq |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Berghof Foundation |language=en-DE}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Iraqi_Kurdish_villagers_in_field_near_Turkish_border.jpg|thumb|'Yan kauyen Kurdawa na Iraqi a filin kusa da iyakar Turkiyya]]

=== Tasirin Tattalin Arziki ===
Tattalin arzikin Iraki ya dogara sosai da man fetur, wanda ya sa kasar ta fi fuskantar hadarin canjin kasuwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Overview |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/iraq/overview |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=World Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sashin aikin gona na Iraki yana da kusan 5% na GDP na ƙasar kuma shine tushen rayuwa ga kusan 25% na yawan jama'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;www.climatelinks.org-2017&quot;/&gt; Manyan masana'antun samar da abinci na Iraki, noma, kiwon dabbobi, da kamun kifi, duk sun sha wahala daga tasirin canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-01-23 |title=Case Study: Climate Change Impacts on Livelihoods Food Security and Internal Mobility in Salah Al-Din Governorate |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/case-study-climate-change-impacts-livelihoods-food-security-and-internal-mobility-salah-al-din-governorate |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tare da rage ruwan sama da karancin ruwa, hamada, da lalacewar ƙasa, ana sanya hanyoyin rayuwa da tsaro na abinci cikin haɗari.

=== Mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu a cikin gida ===
Canjin yanayi yana da mummunar tasiri kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga yawan Mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu a cikin gida a Iraki. A cikin 2022, Iraki ta fuskanci fari mafi muni a cikin shekaru 40 wanda ya haifar da ƙaurawar mutane 69,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iraq |url=https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/iraq |access-date= |website=IDMC - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bincike ya gano mafi karfi tsinkaya game da hadarin canjin yanayi shine: batutuwan da suka shafi ruwa, tsaro na abinci, rashin ababen more rayuwa da ayyuka, da dogaro da ƙasa don rayuwarsu.&lt;ref name=&quot;dtm.iom.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iraq – Drivers of Climate Induced Displacement: Climate Vulnerability Assessment (October 2023) {{!}} Displacement Tracking Matrix |url=https://dtm.iom.int/reports/iraq-drivers-climate-induced-displacement-climate-vulnerability-assessment-october-2023?close=true |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=dtm.iom.int}}&lt;/ref&gt; fari da hamada a yankunan karkara, wanda ke haifar da asarar rayuwa da gazawar amfanin gona, ya haifar da ƙaura ta ciki kuma ya karu da ƙaura daga ƙauyuka zuwa birane.&lt;ref name=&quot;dtm.iom.int&quot; /&gt;

=== Tasirin kiwon lafiya ===
Hadarin da ke tattare da canjin yanayi da haɗari suna haifar da mummunar tasirin lafiyar ɗan adam. Hawan yanayin zafi ya haifar da ƙarin lokuta na bugun zafi.&lt;ref name=&quot;www.climatelinks.org-2017&quot;/&gt; Rage ingancin ruwa da yawa yana ƙara yawan cututtukan da ke faruwa a cikin ruwa kamar kwalara. A cikin 2021 Unicef ta kiyasta cewa 3 daga cikin yara 5 a Iraki ba su da damar samun ruwan sha mai kyau.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Running Dry: water scarcity threatens lives and development in Iraq |url=https://www.unicef.org/iraq/press-releases/running-dry-water-scarcity-threatens-lives-and-development-iraq |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=www.unicef.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2018. a lardin Basra na Iraki, an kwantar da mutane 118,000 a asibiti saboda gurɓataccen ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Human Rights Watch-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2019-07-22 |title=Basra is Thirsty |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2019/07/22/basra-thirsty/iraqs-failure-manage-water-crisis |journal=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dust da yashi hadari, waɗanda aka tsara su kara, suna haifar da cututtukan numfashi, asma, da sauran matsalolin kiwon lafiya na dogon lokaci. Aikin noma yana hana shi ta hanyar tasirin canjin yanayi, wanda ke sanya tsaro na abinci cikin haɗari.&lt;ref name=&quot;www.climatelinks.org-2017&quot; /&gt; Kasancewar abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi irin su ambaliyar ruwa da guguwa sun haifar da motsi, rauni, da mutuwa.

== Abubuwan tarihi da siyasa ==
Yankin da ya bushe na Iraki yana iya fuskantar mummunar tasirin canjin yanayi; duk da haka, tarihin yaƙi, rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa, da rashin kula da albarkatun kasa suma suna da alhakin kara tasirin canjin sauyin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-07-11 |title=The Deep Roots of Iraq's Climate Crisis |url=https://tcf.org/content/report/the-deep-roots-of-iraqs-climate-crisis/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=The Century Foundation |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yakin Gulf (1990-1991) da Yaƙin Iraki (2003-2011) lokuta ne guda biyu da ke nuna yadda abubuwan zamantakewa da siyasa suka haifar da yadda tasirin sauyin yanayi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Jude Larnerd-2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jude Larnerd |first=Nicholas |date=2023 |title=Iraq 20 Years After the Invasion: Humanitarian, Displacement, and Climate Change Challenges |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/iraq-20-years-after-invasion-humanitarian-displacement-and-climate-change-challenges}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tare da mamayewar da Amurka ta kai wa Iraki da kuma ƙaura mai yawa har zuwa Iraqi miliyan 9.2, mutane miliyan 4.7 ba su da tsaro ga abinci. &lt;ref name=&quot;Jude Larnerd-2023&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-05-16 |title=Iraq Food Security Quarterly Update, January - March 2017 |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/iraq-food-security-quarterly-update-january-march-2017 |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zuwa 2017, miliyan 3.2 har yanzu suna buƙatar taimako tare da abinci.&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017&quot; /&gt;
[[Fayil:Marsh_Arabs_in_a_mashoof.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|Larabawa a cikin mashoof]]

=== Saddam Hussein ===
A shekara ta 1992, a lokacin Yakin Gulf, [[Saddam Hussein]] ya ba da umarnin zubar da ruwa a cikin Mesopotamian Marshes na kudancin Iraki don azabtar da Larabawa Marsh saboda tayar da kayar baya a lokacin tashin hankali na Iraqi a 1991 a kan gwamnatinsa. Fiye da kashi 90% na marshes sun ɓace a lokacin mulkin Hussein, wanda ya kara tasirin canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Restoring Iraqi Marshlands Project Launched by UN Environment Programme |url=https://press.un.org/en/2004/ik449.doc.htm#:~:text=In%202001,%20UNEP%20alerted%20the,Gulf%20fisheries,%20had%20been%20lost. |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=press.un.org |archive-date=2023-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107015924/https://press.un.org/en/2004/ik449.doc.htm#:~:text=In%202001,%20UNEP%20alerted%20the,Gulf%20fisheries,%20had%20been%20lost. |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashin ruwa ya haifar da ƙaura ta ciki na sama da 200,000 Ma'dan (Marsh Arabs) a cikin shekarun 1990.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nadeem A Kazmi |first=Sayyed |date=2000 |title=The Marshlands of Southern Iraq: A Very Humanitarian Dilemma |url=http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/10915/41162/Documento_completo.pdf?sequence=1 |journal=III Jornadas de Medio Oriente}}&lt;/ref&gt; Larabawa na Marsh sun jimre da yakin neman zabe na gwamnati wanda kasashe kamar Amurka suka dauka a matsayin kisan kare muhalli ko Tsabtace kabilanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=F. Burns |first=John |date=2003 |title=The World; The Killing of Iraq's Ancient Marsh Culture |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/26/weekinreview/the-world-the-killing-of-iraq-s-ancient-marsh-culture.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Marsh Arabs of Iraq: Hussein's Lesser Known Victims |url=https://www.usip.org/press/2002/11/marsh-arabs-iraq-husseins-lesser-known-victims |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170311214012/https://www.usip.org/press/2002/11/marsh-arabs-iraq-husseins-lesser-known-victims |archive-date=March 11, 2017 |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=United States Institute of Peace |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Al'umma da al'adu ==

=== Yunkurin fafutuka ===
Saboda rashin ƙarfi na gwamnatin Iraki, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da jama'a na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yaki da canjin yanayi a Iraki. A zahiri, gwagwarmayar yanayi kawai tana tashi daga ƙasa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yassin |first=Maha |date=2022-01-21 |title=Climate Activism in Iraq: A Dangerous Undertaking |url=https://theglobalobservatory.org/2022/01/climate-activism-in-iraq-a-dangerous-undertaking/ |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=IPI Global Observatory |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin mulkin Saddam Hussein, gwagwarmaya da lissafin gwamnati sun kasance cikakke.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Century Foundation-2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-08-30 |title=The Space for Iraqi Climate Activism Is Dangerously Small, and Shrinking |url=https://tcf.org/content/commentary/the-space-for-iraqi-climate-activism-is-dangerously-small-and-shrinking/ |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=The Century Foundation |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekara ta 2010, gwamnatin Iraqi ta kafa Dokar Ƙungiyar Jama'a, tsarin yin rajista a matsayin ƙungiyar jama'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iraq Civil Society Organizations – Iraq Research |url=http://www.irfad.org/iraq-civil-society/ |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=www.irfad.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zuwa 2023, an kafa kimanin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu 6,000 zuwa 12,000, 185 daga cikinsu muhalli ne.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Century Foundation-2023&quot; /&gt; Shahararren kokarin gwagwarmaya na baya-bayan nan da na yanzu sun haɗa da- Tsaro Basra game da gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin 2018,  Yanayin Iraki, Tsaro da Tigris, da Tishereen Movement.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iraq: Activists Campaign to 'Save Basra', Health Ministry Denies Cholera Outbreaks |url=https://english.aawsat.com/node/1373041 |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=english.aawsat.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin karni na 21, daga rahotanni na [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]], an sace masu fafutukar muhalli, an tsare su kuma an gurfanar da su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-02-23 |title=Iraq: Environmentalists Face Retaliation |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/02/23/iraq-environmentalists-face-retaliation |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma yi zanga-zanga da rikice-rikice game da haƙƙin ruwa a kudancin Iraki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Expert Working Group on Climate-related Security Risk |date=August 2018 |title=Iraq: Climate-related Security Risk Assessment |url=https://www.eastwest.ngo/sites/default/files/iraq-climate-related-security-risk-assessment.pdf |pages=1–2 |access-date=2025-08-01 |archive-date=2021-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108073855/https://www.eastwest.ngo/sites/default/files/iraq-climate-related-security-risk-assessment.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rashin jituwa ===
Rashin jituwa game da canjin yanayi a Iraki ya haɗa da zanga-zangar Save Basra ta 2018 don mayar da martani ga rikicin ruwa da gurɓataccen yanayi.&lt;ref name=&quot;ecfr jul 22&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Younis |first=Nussaibah |author-link=Nussaibah Younis |date=2022-07-19 |title=Early warning: How Iraq can adapt to climate change |url=https://ecfr.eu/publication/early-warning-how-iraq-can-adapt-to-climate-change/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=ECFR |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Human Rights Watch-2019&quot;/&gt; An kashe fararen hula uku, kuma arba'in da bakwai sun ji rauni, a cewar kungiyar Human Rights Watch.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-07-24 |title=Iraq: Security Forces Fire on Protesters |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/07/24/iraq-security-forces-fire-protesters |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Da yake ambaton Human Rights Watch, &quot;dakarun ma'aikatar cikin gida sun yi amfani da karfi mai yawa da ba dole ba&quot; don mayar da martani ga masu zanga-zangar yanayi. Sauran rikice-rikice sun haɗa da Marsh Arab Displacement (1970s zuwa 2000s). A watan Yulin 2022, an kara tsananta kashe wutar lantarki ta hanyar hare-haren da aka kai wa layin wutar lantarki, tare da raguwar wutar lantarki da [[Iran]] ta bayar. An gudanar da zanga-zangar a Bagadaza da Sadr City, inda aka bar mazauna ba tare da sanyaya iska ba a cikin zafi na 50 ° C.&amp;nbsp;

=== Haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa ===
USAID, wata hukumar gwamnati ta Amurka da ke saka hannun jari a ci gaban kasashen waje, ta saka dala miliyan 150 don inganta ingancin ruwa, samun dama da sarrafawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-04-03 |title=Sustainable Solutions to Combat Climate Change in Iraq |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/sustainable-solutions-combat-climate-change-iraq |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, tare da gwamnatin Iraki, Amurka da masu ba da gudummawa na duniya sun kirkiro Cibiyar Gudanar da Kudade don Tsayawa (FFS) tare da sama da dala biliyan 1.4 da aka ware don maido da muhimman ayyuka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-10-03 |title=Stabilization |url=https://www.usaid.gov/iraq/stabilization |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101133506/https://www.usaid.gov/iraq/stabilization |archive-date=January 1, 2017 |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=U.S. Agency for International Development |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fasaha da kafofin watsa labarai ===
Kafofin watsa labarai suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yada bayanai a duk faɗin Iraki, suna fadada tattaunawar a duk duniya. Ofisoshin kamar Al-Jazeera English sun buga fina-finai na shirye-shirye game da rikicin ruwa mai gudana, da kuma jerin gine-ginen zaman lafiya: ''Canjin yanayi a Iraki'', wanda ke da niyyar shiga cikin matasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Peacebuilding Series: Climate Change in Iraq {{!}} Search for Common Ground |url=https://www.sfcg.org/peacebuilding-series-climate-change-in-iraq/#:~:text=Iraq%20is%20classified%20as%20the,salinity,%20and%20frequent%20dust%20storms. |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=www.sfcg.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ragewa da daidaitawa ==

=== Ragewa ===
Yawancin kungiyoyin kasa da kasa suna haɓaka hanyoyin ragewa don amfani da yanki da na jihar. Canjin tattalin arziki da siyasa zai taimaka wajen bunkasa dabarun yaki da canjin yanayi.&lt;ref name=&quot;ecfr jul 22&quot;/&gt; Akwai karuwar shirye-shirye kan tattaunawar yanki game da canjin yanayi, kuma waɗannan shirye-shiryen sun fi shahara a manyan biranen kamar Baghdad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Taher |first=Noor |date=May 5, 2023 |title=Iraq: A Rapidly Changing Climate and Imperative for Cooperation |url=https://www.nrc.no/perspectives/2023/iraq-a-rapidly-changing-climate-and-imperative-for-coordinated-action/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shirye-shiryen ragewa sun haɗa da rage methane, wanda kungiyoyi da yawa, masana kimiyya, da masu gwagwarmaya ke gani a matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin da suka fi tsada da sauƙi don rage canjin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-28 |title=In face of climate crisis, Iraq takes on methane pollution |url=http://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/face-climate-crisis-iraq-takes-methane-pollution |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=UNEP |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamar yadda Iraki ke ba da gudummawa sosai ga hayakin methane saboda samar da iskar gas da mai, gwamnatin Iraki tana da niyyar rage hayakin iskar gas ta hanyar 15% nan da shekara ta 2030.&lt;ref name=&quot;www.ccacoalition.org&quot;/&gt;

=== Daidaitawa ===
Don kara karfin yanayi a Iraki da yawa, ciki har da Shirin Adaptation na Kasa (NAP), a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Shirin shekaru uku don ƙarfafa fasaha, ma'aikata da damar kuɗi don tabbatar da dabarun daidaitawa na gaba an haɗa su cikin ci gaban ƙasashe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Iraq launches National Adaptation Plan process for climate change resilience |url=http://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/iraq-launches-national-adaptation-plan-process-climate-change |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=UN Environment |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukan noma da tsauraran yanayi sun zama masu mahimmanci, tare da kudade na kasa da kasa da goyon baya a cikin ayyukan da ke aiki don magance rikicin da manoma ke fuskanta a duk faɗin Iraki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-12-16 |title=FAO launches the SIDA funded project, Enhanced Climate Resilience of Vulnerable Agriculture Households in Southern Iraq [EN/AR] |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/fao-launches-sida-funded-project-enhanced-climate-resilience-vulnerable-agriculture-households-southern-iraq-enar |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin waɗannan ayyukan ana aiwatar da su ta hanyar hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa da kuma kudade daga masu ba da gudummawa na kasa da kasa: Gwamnatin Sweden ta yi alkawarin sama da miliyan 10 don gina dabarun aikin gona na yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-11-20 |title=Sweden contributes USD 10.2 M to Iraq's agriculture sector in Southern Iraq to mitigate climate changes [EN/AR] |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/sweden-contributes-usd-102-m-iraqs-agriculture-sector-southern-iraq-mitigate-climate-changes-enar |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Yankin tsaunuka na Rocky</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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      <text bytes="4662" sha1="d8h8s8dx9qkgf4po6icj6xzrsdqemlu" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Subalpine_zone_on_the_Wilcox_Pass.jpg|right|thumb|Kudancin bishiyoyi a cikin Dutsen Rockies na Kanada]]
Yankin Rocky Mountains shi ne yankin biotic nan da nan a ƙarƙashin layin itace a cikin Rocky Mountaines na [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]]. A arewacin [[New Mexico]], yankin subalpine yana da tsaunuka kusan daga cikin shekara ta 9,000 zuwa 12,000 feet (2,700 zuwa 3,700 ; &lt;ref name=&quot;nps&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=Feb 22, 2007 |title=Subalpine ecosystem |url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/naturescience/subalpine_ecosystem.htm |website=Rocky Mountain National Park |publisher=[[U.S. National Park Service]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; yayin da a arewacin Alberta, yankin suvalpine ya kai daga 1,350 zuwa 2,300 mita (4,400 zuwa 7,500 . 

== Yanayi ==
Yanayin yanayi na yankin Rocky Mountains ba shi da dumi, tare da lokacin rani wanda ya kuma kai {{Convert|75|°F}} ° F (24 ° C) a kwanakin da suka fi zafi kusa da yankin montane, kuma yawanci ya kasa isa {{Convert|60|°F}} ° F (16 ° C) kusa da layin itace; Frost na iya faruwa a kowace rana ta shekara. Kodayake yanayin zafi na hunturu na iya zama mai dumi fiye da waɗanda ke cikin kwari masu ƙasƙanci, yawanci suna kasancewa sama da -10 ° F (-23 ° C), dusar ƙanƙara mai ban mamaki ta rufe yankin sosai a cikin bazara. Wasu raguwa na iya kasancewa cikin bazara. Ruwan sama, yawanci tsawa, sau da yawa yana samuwa da sauri kuma akai-akai ya haɗa da graupel ko hail. Kodayake ba a saba gani ba, iskar guguwa na iya tasowa kuma ta haifar da mummunar lalacewa kamar Routt Divide Blowdown . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Snook |first=J.S. |last2=Meyers, M.P. |last3=Poulos, G.S. |last4=Wesley, D.A. |title=Routt Divide Blowdown |url=http://www.cora.nwra.com/~snook/blowdown.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714214552/http://www.cora.nwra.com/~snook/blowdown.html |archive-date=2011-07-14 |access-date=2010-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsire-tsire da dabbobi ==
[[Fayil:Windswept_trees,_Glacier_National_Park.jpg|right|thumb|Wani itacen fir a kusa da itacen itace a cikin Glacier National Park, wanda ya karkatar da shi zuwa wani siffar da ba a saba gani ba]]
A cikin Dutsen Rocky na Arewacin ƙasar Amurka, yankin yana da alamar maida hankali ga fir da [[Engelmann spruce]] kuma gabaɗaya ban da bishiyoyi da aka fi samun su a ƙananan tsaunuka kamar [[aspen]], ponderosa [[Lodgepole pine|Pine na lodgepole]] pine. A wasu yankuna, Engelmann spruce da subalpine fir sun haɗu da ko kuma sun ba da hanya ga bishiyoyi daban-daban, kamar limber pine, [[whitebark pine]] da bristlecone pine, wasu firs kamar Douglas-[[Abies amabilis|Fir na azurfa]] fir, da [[Juniper|junipers]] daban-daban da sauran nau'ikan hardy. Yankunan da aka ƙone a baya na iya ƙunsar adadi daban-daban, ko ma kusan tsarkakewa, na itacen pine. Rufin ƙasa a cikin gandun daji da aka ƙone a baya sau da yawa ya haɗa da nau'ikan [[huckleberry]] guda biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;nps2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=Feb 22, 2007 |title=Subalpine ecosystem |url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/naturescience/subalpine_ecosystem.htm |website=Rocky Mountain National Park |publisher=[[U.S. National Park Service]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kan fallasawa, bushewa gangara a tsaunuka masu tsawo, subalpine farin pine gandun daji maye gurbin spruce-fir. Yawancin nau'o'in gandun daji na fararen pine sun haɗa da whitebark pine a arewacin Rocky Mountains, limber pine a tsakiya da arewa maso tsakiyar Rocky Mountaines, da bristlecone pine a kudancin Rocky Mountins. Lokaci na yau da kullun tsakanin gobara ya kasance daga cikin shekaru 50 zuwa ciki shekara 300. White pines suna jure wa matsanancin yanayin muhalli kuma suna iya zama muhimman nau'ikan da suka biyo bayan wuta. A wurare masu tsawo, wuraren da iska ke hurawa, itatuwa galibi suna girma cikin siffofi masu banƙyama.

Whiteebark pine wani nau'in maɓalli ne a cikin gandun daji na arewacin Rocky Mountains .  Koyaya, furen whitebark ya kasance yana raguwa saboda White Pine Blister Rust: mutuwar furen whatebark a wasu yankuna ya wuce 90%. Dukkanin wuraren da ake gani a gandun daji, kamar wannan a Avalanche Ridge kusa da ƙofar gabashin Yellowstone National Park, suna da faɗin matattu, launin toka.

Saboda matsanancin hunturu da karancin kayan abinci, tashar jiragen ruwa ta subalpine ta iyakance nau'in dabbobi na asali. Duk da yake [[Dabbar beya|bears]] da Cougar suna ziyartar subalpine, lynx, hare, American marten da kuma wasu Squirrels suna daga cikin ƴan muhimman dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wasu tsuntsaye, kamar su dutsen Chickadee da Steller's jay ana ganinsu kuma ana jin su a yankunan Rocky Mountain, tare da wasu kamar owls, nuthatches da wasu finches da ba su da bayyane.

== Manazarta ==
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      <text bytes="4667" sha1="mszmosfcnbfqgewu7tnng5kcxruk6r3" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Subalpine_zone_on_the_Wilcox_Pass.jpg|right|thumb|Kudancin bishiyoyi a cikin Dutsen Rockies na Kanada]]
Yankin Rocky Mountains shi ne yankin biotic nan da nan a ƙarƙashin layin itace a cikin Rocky Mountaines na [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]]. A arewacin [[New Mexico]], yankin subalpine yana da tsaunuka kusan daga cikin shekara ta 9,000 zuwa 12,000 feet (2,700 zuwa 3,700 ; &lt;ref name=&quot;nps&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=Feb 22, 2007 |title=Subalpine ecosystem |url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/naturescience/subalpine_ecosystem.htm |website=Rocky Mountain National Park |publisher=[[U.S. National Park Service]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; yayin da a arewacin Alberta, yankin suvalpine ya kai daga 1,350 zuwa 2,300 mita (4,400 zuwa 7,500 . 

== Yanayi ==
Yanayin yanayi na yankin Rocky Mountains ba shi da dumi, tare da lokacin rani wanda ya kuma kai {{Convert|75|°F}} ° F (24 ° C) a kwanakin da suka fi zafi kusa da yankin montane, kuma yawanci ya kasa isa {{Convert|60|°F}} ° F (16 ° C) kusa da layin itace; Frost na iya faruwa a kowace rana ta shekara. Kodayake yanayin zafi na hunturu na iya zama mai dumi fiye da waɗanda ke cikin kwari masu ƙasƙanci, yawanci suna kasancewa sama da -10 ° F (-23 ° C), dusar ƙanƙara mai ban mamaki ta rufe yankin sosai a cikin bazara. Wasu raguwa na iya kasancewa cikin bazara. Ruwan sama, yawanci tsawa, sau da yawa yana samuwa da sauri kuma akai-akai ya haɗa da graupel ko hail. Kodayake ba a saba gani ba, iskar guguwa na iya tasowa kuma ta haifar da mummunar lalacewa kamar Routt Divide Blowdown . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Snook |first=J.S. |last2=Meyers, M.P. |last3=Poulos, G.S. |last4=Wesley, D.A. |title=Routt Divide Blowdown |url=http://www.cora.nwra.com/~snook/blowdown.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714214552/http://www.cora.nwra.com/~snook/blowdown.html |archive-date=2011-07-14 |access-date=2010-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsire-tsire da dabbobi ==
[[Fayil:Windswept_trees,_Glacier_National_Park.jpg|right|thumb|Wani itacen fir a kusa da itacen itace a cikin Glacier National Park, wanda ya karkatar da shi zuwa wani siffar da ba a saba gani ba]]
A cikin Dutsen Rocky na Arewacin ƙasar Amurka, yankin yana da alamar maida hankali ga fir da [[Engelmann spruce]] kuma gabaɗaya ban da bishiyoyi da aka fi samun su a ƙananan tsaunuka kamar [[aspen]], ponderosa [[Lodgepole pine|Pine na lodgepole]] pine. A wasu yankuna, Engelmann spruce da subalpine fir sun haɗu da ko kuma sun ba da hanya ga bishiyoyi daban-daban, kamar limber pine, [[whitebark pine]] da bristlecone pine, wasu firs kamar Douglas-[[Abies amabilis|Fir na azurfa]] fir, da [[Juniper|junipers]] daban-daban da sauran nau'ikan hardy. Yankunan da aka ƙone a baya na iya ƙunsar adadi daban-daban, ko ma kusan tsarkakewa, na itacen pine. Rufin ƙasa a cikin gandun daji da aka ƙone a baya sau da yawa ya haɗa da nau'ikan [[huckleberry]] guda biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;nps2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=Feb 22, 2007 |title=Subalpine ecosystem |url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/naturescience/subalpine_ecosystem.htm |website=Rocky Mountain National Park |publisher=[[U.S. National Park Service]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kan kuma fallasawa, bushewa gangara a tsaunuka masu tsawo, subalpine farin pine gandun daji maye gurbin spruce-fir. Yawancin nau'o'in gandun daji na fararen pine sun haɗa da whitebark pine a arewacin Rocky Mountains, limber pine a tsakiya da arewa maso tsakiyar Rocky Mountaines, da bristlecone pine a kudancin Rocky Mountins. Lokaci na yau da kullun tsakanin gobara ya kasance daga cikin shekaru 50 zuwa ciki shekara 300. White pines suna jure wa matsanancin yanayin muhalli kuma suna iya zama muhimman nau'ikan da suka biyo bayan wuta. A wurare masu tsawo, wuraren da iska ke hurawa, itatuwa galibi suna girma cikin siffofi masu banƙyama.

Whiteebark pine wani nau'in maɓalli ne a cikin gandun daji na arewacin Rocky Mountains .  Koyaya, furen whitebark ya kasance yana raguwa saboda White Pine Blister Rust: mutuwar furen whatebark a wasu yankuna ya wuce 90%. Dukkanin wuraren da ake gani a gandun daji, kamar wannan a Avalanche Ridge kusa da ƙofar gabashin Yellowstone National Park, suna da faɗin matattu, launin toka.

Saboda matsanancin hunturu da karancin kayan abinci, tashar jiragen ruwa ta subalpine ta iyakance nau'in dabbobi na asali. Duk da yake [[Dabbar beya|bears]] da Cougar suna ziyartar subalpine, lynx, hare, American marten da kuma wasu Squirrels suna daga cikin ƴan muhimman dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wasu tsuntsaye, kamar su dutsen Chickadee da Steller's jay ana ganinsu kuma ana jin su a yankunan Rocky Mountain, tare da wasu kamar owls, nuthatches da wasu finches da ba su da bayyane.

== Manazarta ==
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  <page>
    <title>Yanayin yanayi na Makidoniya</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Baffa ali</username>
        <id>47435</id>
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      <text bytes="33876" sha1="ha1uoegkiy01k1dim5t698upyqocr1y" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
[[Masadoiniya ta Arewa|Arewacin Makidoniya]] Arewacin Macedonia ƙasa ce da ke kudu maso gabashin Turai tare da haɗin gwiwar yanki 22°00′E﻿ / 41.833°N 22.000°E / 41.833;  22.000, iyaka da Kosovo da [[Serbiya|Serbia]] zuwa arewa, Bulgaria zuwa gabas, Girka a kudu da [[Albaniya|Albania]] zuwa yamma.  Ƙasar wani yanki ne na babban yanki na Makidoniya kuma ya ƙunshi yawancin Vardar Macedonia.  Ƙasar babbar hanyar sufuri ce daga Yammacin Turai da Tsakiyar Turai zuwa Kudancin Turai da Tekun Aegean.  Arewacin Macedonia ƙasa ce mara iyaka amma tana da manyan tafkuna uku na halitta: Lake Ohrid, Lake Prespa da tafkin Dojran.  Tana da fadin ruwa 857 km2, yayin da yankinta ya kai 24,856 km2.

A fannin ilimin ƙasa, Makidoniya tana cikin lardin Illyrian na yankin Circumboreal a cikin Masarautar Boreal. Dangane da WWF da Taswirar Dijital na Yankunan muhalli na Turai ta Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Turai, ana iya raba yankin Arewacin Makidoniya zuwa yankuna huɗu: Dutsen Pindus da aka haɗu da gandun daji, dajin da aka haɗuwa da Balkan, da gandun dajin da suka haɗu da Rhodopes da Aegean sclerophyllous da kuma gandun daji.

== Yanayi ==
[[Fayil:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_MKD_1991–2020.svg|thumb|Taswirar rarraba yanayi ta [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen-Geiger]] don Arewacin Makidoniya]]
Arewacin Macedonia yana da yanayi na musamman da aka bayyana ta wurin wurin da yanayin yanayinsa.  Yanayin filayen yanayi yanayi ne na Bahar Rum wanda ya haɗe da tasirin Tekun Bahar Rum. Har ila yau, kasar tana da halaye na nahiya, wanda tsaunuka a kudu ke ba da haske wanda ke hana iska mai zafi daga kudu motsawa zuwa arewa.  Sabanin haka, tsaunin Šar, wanda ke arewa maso yammacin kasar, yana toshe iska mai sanyin arewa.  Gabaɗaya, sassan arewaci da yammacin ƙasar suna kusa da yanayin Nahiyar Turai da kudanci da gabas zuwa yanayin Bahar Rum..

Arewacin Makidoniya yana da yanayi huɗu, amma tsawon lokutan ya bambanta dangane da yanayin ƙasa. Lokacin bazara sau da yawa gajere ne. Lokacin bazara yana da zafi kuma ba sabon abu ba ne a ga yanayin zafi sama da {{Convert|40|°C|0}} ° C (104 ° F) a wannan kakar, musamman a filayen da ke kwarin kogin Vardar. Lokacin hunturu, ko da yake matsakaici, na iya zama sanyi sosai. Ruwan dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin hunturu ya zama ruwan dare kuma wani lokaci yana da nauyi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na iska shine {{Convert|11.5|°C|0}} ° C (53 ° F), amma filayen suna fuskantar yanayin zafi mafi girma, {{Convert|15|°C|0}} ° C (59 ° F). &lt;ref name=&quot;petit futé P.25&quot; /&gt; Watan da ya fi zafi shine Yuli, wanda ke da matsakaicin zafin jiki na {{Convert|22.2|°C|0}} ° C (72 ° F) kuma mafi sanyi shine Janairu, tare da zafin jiki ya {{Convert|0.3|°C|0}} ° C (33 ° F). Matsakaicin da mafi ƙarancin yanayin zafi da aka rubuta a Arewacin Makidoniya har zuwa yau shine {{Convert|45.7|°C|0}} ° C (114 ° F) da -31.5 ° C (-25 ° F), bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Macedonian embassy in the United-Kingdom – Country and people |url=http://www.macedonianembassy.org.uk/country_profile.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013050120/http://www.macedonianembassy.org.uk/country_profile.html |archive-date=13 October 2010 |access-date=23 August 2010 |publisher=Macedonianembassy.org.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ruwan sama yana da yawa a yankunan yamma da gabashin kasar, amma zafin jiki ya ragu sosai a yankin Vardar. Wannan yankin yana ganin hunturu mai zafi ta hanyar iska ta ''Vardarec''. Wannan iska ta fito ne daga bakin kogin Vardar kuma tana kawo iska mai dumi. Skopje, wanda aka dauka a matsayin birni mai ƙasƙanci, yana da matsakaicin kwanaki 64 na ruwan sama a kowace shekara. Watan Oktoba shine mafi ruwan sama tare da 61 mm; mafi bushewa shine Agusta tare da 28 mm. Ruwan sama ya fi yawa a cikin bazara da faɗuwar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Weather Centre – Skopje |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT004680 |access-date=23 August 2010 |publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{{Center|'''Climate Facts:'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Град Скопје |url=http://www.skopje.gov.mk/EN/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabindex=0&amp;tabid=33 |title=Official web-site of Skopje |publisher=Skopje.gov.mk |access-date=23 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721162550/http://www.skopje.gov.mk/EN/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabindex=0&amp;tabid=33 |archive-date=21 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.kocani.gov.mk/English/uvod_en.htm |title=Official web-site of Kočani |publisher=Kocani.gov.mk |access-date=23 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028025947/http://www.kocani.gov.mk/English/uvod_en.htm |archive-date=28 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ohrid.org.mk/eng/ohez/oeos.htm |title=Web-site about the region of Ohrid |publisher=Ohrid.org.mk |access-date=23 August 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120604114844/http://www.ohrid.org.mk/eng/ohez/oeos.htm |archive-date=4 June 2012 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable center&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#9cc; color:navy; height:17px;&quot; |Wuri
! style=&quot;background:#9cc; color:navy;&quot; |Yankin
! style=&quot;background:#9cc; color:navy;&quot; |Latitude
! style=&quot;background:#9cc; color:navy;&quot; |Tsawon lokaci
! style=&quot;background:#9cc; color:navy;&quot; |Tsayi (m) 
! style=&quot;background:#9cc; color:navy;&quot; |Ruwan sama (mm) 
! style=&quot;background:#9cc; color:navy;&quot; |Yanayin zafi (°C) &lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|[[Skopje]]
|Arewacin kwarin Vardar
|42° 00’
|21° 26’
|245
|940
|13,5
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|Kočani
|Gabashin Arewacin Makidoniya
|41° 50’
|22° 00’
|400
|538
|12,9
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|Tafkin Ohrid
|Kudu maso Yammacin Makidoniya
|41° 03’
|20° 42’
|693
|759
|11,4
|}
{{Weather box}}

== Yanayin Yanayi ==

=== Yankin ===
Kasar tana da iyakoki 766 km, tare da Kosovo (159 km ko 99 mi) zuwa arewa maso yamma, Serbia (62 km ko 39 mi) zuwa Arewa, Bulgaria (148 km) zuwa gabas, Girka (246 km) zuwa kudu, da Albania (151 km) zuwa yamma.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

Iyakar arewa da Serbia da Kosovo tana da tsawon kilomita 221.  An yi iyakar bayan yakin duniya na biyu, tsakanin SR Macedonia da SR Serbia.[1]  Amma a shekara ta 2008 lokacin da Kosovo ta ayyana 'yancin kai an sake yin la'akari da iyaka da ita.  Maimakon fiye da rabin iyakar ta raba Arewacin Macedonia da Kosovo.  Daga mashigin da ke tare da Albaniya, iyakokin iyaka suna fuskantar arewa-maso-gabas tare da magudanar ruwa na Šar Mountain.  Yana bayyana wani lankwasa zuwa kudu a haye kogin Lepenec sannan ya juya zuwa arewa maso gabas don ratsa Dutsen Crna kafin ya ɗauki hanya kaɗan zuwa arewa maso gabas ta hanyar fasalin shimfidar wuri zuwa mashigin tare da Bulgaria.
[[Fayil:Satellite_image_of_Macedonia_in_December_2002.jpg|alt=Photo of a cloud-covered Macedonia taken from space|right|thumb|350x350px|Hoton tauraron dan adam na Arewacin Makidoniya a watan Disamba]]
Yankin gabas da Bulgaria yana da tsawon kusan kilomita 148. An yarda da iyakar da aka kafa daga Yugoslavia da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Bulgaria bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1992.  Yankin ya fara ne daga tripoint tare da Girka, iyakar tana gudana a arewa, ta haye Kogin Strumica sannan ta tashi zuwa ruwa wanda ya biyo baya zuwa arewa sannan zuwa arewa maso yamma zuwa tripoint tare le Serbia.&amp;nbsp;

Iyakar kudu da ta raba Arewacin Makidoniya daga Girka tana da tsawon kilomita 228 kuma ita ce iyaka mafi tsayi.  An yi masa alama tare da Yarjejeniyar Bucharest a ranar 10 ga Agusta 1913.] Iyakar ta fara ne daga tudu tare da Albania, a cikin tafkin Prespa, iyakar tana tafiya a kan layi madaidaiciya zuwa gabas a fadin tafkin sannan kuma ta ci gaba a arewacin gabas na gabas ta hanyar taimako zuwa Voras Oros (Nidže), inda ta juya zuwa arewa-gabas.  Yana ratsa magudanar ruwa na Voras Oros sannan ya ci gaba zuwa gabas tare da magudanar ruwa kafin ya fado zuwa kwarin kogin Vardar.  Iyakar ta ci gaba zuwa gabas sannan ta juya arewa ta ƙetare tafkin Dojran, kafin, a kan latitude na Valandovo, ta juya gabas zuwa tudu tare da Bulgaria akan Dutsen Tumba..&amp;nbsp;

An fara nuna iyakar da Albania a 1926 sannan kuma an yi magana da Yarjejeniyar Paris a 1947.  Yankin ya fara ne daga tripoint tare da Kosovo kuma ya bi wani ruwa raba kafin hayewa, kuma na ɗan gajeren nesa, bin kogin Black Drin kuma ya ci gaba tare da layin zuwa Tafkin Ohrid. Ya haye tafkin, ya bar kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku a Albania, ya ratsa wani tsauni mai tsawo kuma ya haɗu da tripoint tare da Girka a Tafkin Prespa .

=== Yanayin ƙasa ===
[[Fayil:Mount_Korab,_Republic_of_Macedonia.jpg|alt=Mount Korab rising above clouds|right|thumb|250x250px|Yanayin Dutsen Korab - dutse mafi tsawo a kasar]]
Arewacin Macedonia ƙasa ce mai cike da ƙasa wacce ke bayyana a fili ta hanyar tsakiyar kwarin da kogin Vardar ya yi kuma aka tsara ta da iyakokinta ta hanyar jeri.  Ƙasar ta kasance mafi ƙasƙanci, tana tsakanin tsaunukan Šar da Osogovo, wanda ke tsara kwarin kogin Vardar.  Manyan tafkuna uku — tafkin Ohrid, tafkin Prespa da tafkin Dojran — sun kwanta a kan iyakokin kudanci, iyaka da Albaniya da Girka.  Ana ɗaukar Ohrid a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin tafkuna da biotopes a duniya.[1]  Yankin yana da karfin girgizar kasa kuma ya kasance wurin da girgizar kasa ta yi barna a baya, na baya-bayan nan a cikin 1963 lokacin da wata babbar girgizar kasa ta lalata Skopje, inda ta kashe sama da 1,000.

Har ila yau, Arewacin Makidoniya yana da tsaunuka masu kyau. Sun kasance daga tsaunuka daban-daban guda biyu: na farko shine tsaunukan Šar  wanda ke ci gaba zuwa rukunin tsaunuka na West Vardar / Pelagonia (Baba Mountain, Nidže, Kozuf da Jakupica), wanda aka fi sani da kewayon Dinaric.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sar Mountains on the Euratlas map of the Europe's most significant mountain ranges |url=http://www.euratlas.com/Atlasphys/Sarplanina2.htm |access-date=23 August 2010 |publisher=Euratlas.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yankin na biyu shine jerin tsaunuka na Osogovo-Belasica, wanda aka fi sani da Rhodope range. Duwatsun Šar ke cikin tsaunukan Šar da kewayon Yammacin Vardar / Pelagonia sun fi ƙanƙanta kuma sun fi tsufa da tsaunuka waɗanda ke cikin rukunin tsaunukan Osogovo-Belasica.
[[Fayil:Šar_Mountain,_Macedonia.jpg|right|thumb|Duwatsun Šar]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|+10 tsaunuka mafi tsawo a Arewacin Makidoniya
!Sunan
!Matsayi
!Tsawon (m) 
!Tsawon (ft) 
|-
!Dutsen Korab
|1
|2,764
|9,396
|-
!Titov Vrv
|2
|2,748
|9,016
|-
!Dutsen Baba
|3
|2,601
|8,533
|-
!Jakupica
|4
|2,540
|8,333
|-
!Nidže
|5
|2,521
|8,271
|-
!Daga baya
|6
|2,373
|7,785
|-
!Galičica
|7
|2,288
|7,507
|-
!Stogovo
|8
|2,273
|7,457
|-
!Jablanica
|9
|2,257
|7,405
|-
!Osogovo
|10
|2,251
|7,383
|}

=== Rubuce-rubucen ruwa ===
[[Fayil:Golemo_Ezero.jpg|alt=Golemo Ezero surrounded by land scattered with snow|left|thumb|Golemo Ezero, tafkin kankara wanda ke da tsawo 2218 m a cikin tsaunukan Pelister]]
A Arewacin Makidoniya akwai manyan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa 1,100. Koguna suna gudana cikin tafkuna daban-daban guda uku: Aegean, Adriatic da wannan tafkin Black Sea.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Macedonia |url=http://www.mymacedonia.net/links/geography.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023070728/http://www.mymacedonia.net/links/geography.htm |archive-date=23 October 2010 |access-date=23 August 2010 |publisher=Mymacedonia.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rashin Aegean shine mafi girma. Ya mamaye kashi 87% na yankin ƙasar, wanda ke da kilomita &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;,075. Vardar, kogin da ya fi girma a cikin wannan kwandon, yana zubar da kashi 80% na yankin ko &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;,459 km2. Kwarin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattalin arziki da tsarin sadarwa na kasar. Aikin da ake kira The Vardar Valley an dauke shi da mahimmanci ga ci gaban dabarun kasar.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

Kogin Black Drim ya samar da kwandon Adriatic, wanda ya rufe yanki na kimanin 3,3&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; km2, watau 13% na yankin. Ya fito ne daga Lakes Prespa da Ohrid .&amp;nbsp;

Kogin Black Sea shine mafi ƙanƙanta tare da kawai 37 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; Yana rufe gefen arewacin Dutsen Skopska Crna Gora. A nan ne tushen kogin Binačka Morava wanda ya haɗu da Kudancin Morava kuma daga baya Danube, wanda daga ƙarshe ya gudana cikin Tekun Baƙi.&amp;nbsp;

Duk da kasancewa ƙasa mai ƙarancin ƙasa, Arewacin Makidoniya yana da manyan tabkuna uku (Ohrid, Prespa, da Dojran), tabkuna uku na wucin gadi da kusan tafkuna 50.

Akwai wuraren shakatawa guda tara a Arewacin Makidoniya: Banište, Banja Bansko, Istibanja, Katlanovo, Kežovica, Kosovrasti, Banja Kočani, Kumanovski Banji da Negorci.

==== Kogin Vardar ====
[[Fayil:Vardar_Veles_Macedonia.jpg|alt=The brown-coloured Vardar flowing through Veles|right|thumb|250x250px|Vardar a cikin VelesJirgin ruwa]]
Vardar shine kogin mafi tsayi kuma mafi mahimmanci a Arewacin Makidoniya.  Tsawon kilomita 388 (241 mi) ne, kuma yana zubar da wani yanki na kusan murabba'in kilomita 25,000 (9,700 sq mi).  Akwai shawarwari don gina Morava-Vardar Canal, haɗi zuwa kogin Morava, don haka haɗa Adriatic zuwa tsakiyar Turai, kodayake wannan yana buƙatar aiki mai yawa..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kaskanis |first=Angelos |date=29 March 2021 |title=The two mega-projects that could change Southeast Europe |url=https://brusselsmorning.com/the-two-mega-projects-that-could-change-southeast-europe/12248/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kogin ya haura ne a Vrutok, mai tazarar kilomita kadan daga arewacin Gostivar a Jamhuriyar Arewacin Macedonia.  Ta ratsa ta Gostivar, Skopje zuwa cikin Veles, ta ratsa kan iyakar Girka kusa da Gevgelija, Polykastro da Axioupoli, kafin ta shiga cikin Tekun Aegean a tsakiyar Makidoniya yamma da Tasalonika.

Basin Vardar ya ƙunshi kashi biyu bisa uku na yankin Jamhuriyar Arewacin Makidoniya.  Don haka ana kiran yankin &quot;Vardar Makidoniya&quot; bayan kogin, don bambanta shi da &quot;Aegean Macedonia&quot; (a Girka) da &quot;Pirin Macedonia&quot; (a Bulgaria).  Kwarin ya ƙunshi ƙasashe masu albarka a Polog, Gevgelija da sauran sassa.  Kogin yana kewaye da duwatsu a wasu wurare.  M1/E75, wanda ke haɗawa da Titin Ƙasa ta Girka 1, yana gudana ta cikin kwarin tare da tsayin kogin zuwa kusa da Skopje.

An nuna kogin a kan makamai na Skopje, wanda kuma an haɗa shi a cikin tutar birnin.

==== Tafkin Ohrid ====
[[Fayil:Church_of_St._John_at_Kaneo_6.jpg|alt=Church of St John at Kaneo on hill with Lake Ohrid beneath it|left|thumb|Cocin St. John a Kaneo tare da ra'ayi na Tafkin Ohrid, mafi mashahuriyar wurin ga masu yawon bude ido a Arewacin Makidoniya]]
Lake Ohrid (Macedonian: Охридско Езеро, Ohridsko Ezero) straddles the mountainous border between southwestern North Macedonia and eastern Albania. Lake Ohrid is the deepest lake of the Balkans, with a maximum depth of 288&amp;nbsp;m (940&amp;nbsp;ft) and a mean depth of 155&amp;nbsp;m (508&amp;nbsp;ft). It covers an area of {{Convert|358|km2|sqmi}}, containing an estimated 55.4&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of water. It is 30.4&amp;nbsp;km long by 14.8&amp;nbsp;km wide at its maximum extent with a shoreline length of 87.53&amp;nbsp;km, shared between North Macedonia (56.02&amp;nbsp;km) and Albania (31.51&amp;nbsp;km). The lake drains an area of around 2600&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and is fed primarily by underground springs on the eastern shore (about 50% of total inflow), with roughly 25% shares from rivers and direct precipitation. Over 20% of the lake's water comes from nearby Lake Prespa, about {{Convert|10|km|mi}} to the southeast and at 150&amp;nbsp;m higher altitude than Lake Ohrid. 
[[Fayil:Ohrid_and_Prespa_lakes_topographic_map.svg|alt=map showing Lakes Ohrid and Prespa and the surrounding rivers, mountains, etc.|right|thumb|200x200px|Taswirar taswirar tafkin Ohrid da Prespa]]
Kamar Tafkin Baikal da [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], Tafkin Ohrid yana da nau'o'in da ke rufe dukkan jerin abinci, daga phytoplankton da sestile algae (20 nau'o-nau'i; misali, Cyclotella fottii), a kan nau'o&quot;in shuke-shuke (2 nau'o) (2 nau'in; misali, Chara ohridana), zooplankton (5 nau'in da nau'in cyprinid (8 nau'in) musamman nau'in tsuntsaye masu yawa; nau'in Pachychilonus (nau'in tsuntsu) musamman nau-nau'in nau'in nau-nauyin tsuntsaye (2 nau'i masu yawa; Ohridididididaeidaeidaeidae) 

Akwai birane uku a bakin tekun: Ohrid da Struga a Arewacin Makidoniya; Pogradec a Albania. Har ila yau, akwai ƙauyuka masu yawa na kamun kifi, kodayake yawon bude ido yanzu ya zama wani ɓangare na kudaden shiga. Yankin tafkin yana da yawan mutane kusan 170,000, tare da mutane 131,000 da ke zaune kai tsaye a bakin tafkin (43,000 a Albania da 88,000 a Arewacin Makidoniya).

==== Tafkin Prespa ====
[[Fayil:Prespa-ostrov.jpg|alt=The island of Golem Grad in Lake Prespa|right|thumb|200x200px|Ra'ayi na tsibirin Golem Grad a cikin Tafkin Prespa]]
Babban Tafkin Prespa (Macedonian: Преспанско Езеро, Prespansko Ezero) ya kasu tsakanin Albania, Girka da Arewacin Makidoniya. Tsibirin da ya fi girma a cikin Babban Tafkin Prespa, wanda ake kira ''Golem Grad'' (&quot;Babban Ginin&quot;), ko Tsibirin Snake (Змиски Остров), yana cikin Arewacin Makidoniya. 

Saboda Babban Tafkin Prespa yana zaune kusan 150m sama da Tafkin Ohrid, wanda ke kusa da kilomita {{Convert|10|km|mi}} (6.2  zuwa yamma, ruwansa yana gudana ta hanyar tashoshin karkashin kasa a cikin karst kuma yana fitowa daga maɓuɓɓugar ruwa waɗanda ke ciyar da rafi da ke gudana cikin Tafkin Ohirid.

==== Tafkin Dojran ====
Tafkin Dojran, wanda ke kudu maso gabashin Arewacin Makidoniya, shine mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikin manyan tabkuna uku tare da yanki na 4&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.7 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Tafkin ya raba tsakanin Arewacin Makidoniya (&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.1 km2) da Girka (15.6 km2). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2001 |title=Lake Dojran |url=http://www.cybermacedonia.com/lakesdoj.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090707035025/http://www.cybermacedonia.com/lakesdoj.html |archive-date=7 July 2009 |access-date=1 September 2010 |publisher=Cyber Macedonia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garin Dojran yana kan iyakar yammacin tafkin, yayin da ƙauyen Girka na Mouries ke gabas. A arewa shine dutsen Belasica kuma a kudu shine garin Girka na Doirani . Tafkin yana da siffar zagaye, yana da matsakaicin zurfin mita 10, yana da tsawon arewa zuwa kudu na 8.9 km, kuma yana da 7.1 km a mafi faɗin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Dojran |url=http://www.exploringmacedonia.com/?ItemID=817A860778ED85498E53827EA52860C7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209230026/http://www.exploringmacedonia.com/?ItemID=817A860778ED85498E53827EA52860C7 |archive-date=9 February 2010 |access-date=1 September 2010 |publisher=National Tourism Portal of the Republic of Macedonia}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

=== Tsire-tsire da dabbobi ===
[[Fayil:Pinus_peuce_Habitus_BotGardBln0906.jpg|alt=a tall green tree|left|thumb|Pinus peuce, itacen Pine na Makidoniya ko molika, ɗaya daga cikin itatuwan da aka fi sani da Arewacin Makidoniya]]
Tsire-tsire na Arewacin Makidoniya suna wakiltar kusan iyalai 210, nau'ikan 920, da kuma nau'ikan shuke-shuke 3,700. Ƙungiyar da ta fi yawa ita ce tsire-tsire masu fure tare da kimanin nau'in 3,200, wanda ke biye da mosses (nau'in 350) da ferns (42).

A fannin ilimin ƙasa, Arewacin Makidoniya na cikin lardin Illyrian na yankin Circumboreal a cikin Masarautar Boreal. Dangane da WWF da Taswirar Dijital na Yankunan muhalli na Turai ta Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Turai, ana iya raba yankin Jamhuriyar zuwa yankuna huɗu: Dutsen Pindus da aka haɗu da gandun daji, dajin da aka haɗuwa da Balkan, da gandun dajin da suka haɗu da Rhodopes da Aegean sclerophyllous da kuma gandun da aka haɗawa.

=== Ma'adanai da ma'adanai ===
 
Arewacin Makidoniya yana da wadataccen ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe, gubar, [[zinc]], chromite, Manganese, nickel, tungsten, [[Zinare|zinariya]], azurfa, asbestos, da gypsum. Har ila yau yana daya daga cikin wurare biyu a duniya inda ake samun ma'adinin lorandite.

=== Amfani da ƙasa ===

* Kashi 16.1% na yankin ƙasar ƙasa ce mai noma.
* 1.36% na amfanin gona na dindindin
* 82.54% - wasu. (2011).

Dangane da kimantawa na shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, akwai 1278 km2 na ƙasar da ake ban ruwa, da 6.4 km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; na jimlar albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

=== Rashin lalacewa da kare muhalli ===
[[Fayil:Balkan_Fires,_Earth_from_Aqua_(EOS_PM-1)_(2007-07-25).jpg|alt=Photo of the Balkans taken from space showing wildfires|thumb|194x194px|Balkans a watan Yulin 2007, gobara ta kasance a bayyane a Girka, Albania da Arewacin Makidoniya]]
A watan Yulin 2007, gobara ta kasance a bayyane musamman a Girka, Albania da Arewacin Makidoniya.

Ana adana mahalli a wuraren da ba su da amfani kuma ba su da yawan jama'a. Bugu da kari, kasar tana da manyan wuraren shakatawa na kasa guda uku, waɗanda aka kirkira a ƙarƙashin mulkin Yugoslav na 1948-1958. Gidan shakatawa na Pelister, Mavrovo da Galičica sun rufe yanki na hekta 43,810 (108,250 acres) kuma suna ba da damar kare wuraren halitta ta hanyar yanayin ƙasa na musamman, dabbobinsu da tsire-tsire. Gidan ajiyar tsuntsaye na Ezerani, arewacin Lake Prespa, yana da girman hekta 2,000 kuma gida ne ga dabbobi sittin da Yarjejeniyar Bern ta kare.

Koyaya, idan an kare shi inda mutum ba shi da damar shiga, ana barazana ga yanayin kewayen garuruwa da ƙauyuka. Lalle ne, don yin Arewacin Makidoniya, tsohon karkara da matalauta, ƙasa ta zamani da mai wadata, gwamnatin Kwaminisanci ta Yugoslav ta kafa masana'antu da yawa, sau da yawa suna gurɓata sosai. Wadannan masana'antun, wadanda galibi ke cikin yankunan Veles da Skopje har yanzu suna aiki. Rashin gurɓataccen sharar gida ya ragu bayan 1991, bayan samun 'yancin kai, saboda kamfanoni da yawa sun fadi ko kuma sun rage ayyukansu bayan sauyawa zuwa tattalin arzikin kasuwa.

Sauran haɗarin lalacewar yanayi yana cikin sharar gida. Lalle ne, kawai birnin Skopje yana da cibiyar sarrafa sharar gida a sauran ƙasar, don haka an bar su a cikin zubar da shara. Rashin albarkatu da niyyar siyasa a bayan wannan mummunan watsi ga muhalli.

Har ila yau, Arewacin Makidoniya yana fuskantar matsaloli masu tsanani a cikin kula da ruwa. Kasar, duk da haka ya kamata ta sami damar tabbatar da ruwan ta hanyar madatsar ruwa da maɓuɓɓugarta. A lokacin rani, ƙuntatawa na ruwa ya zama ruwan dare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 September 2008 |title=Drought: the waste and mismanagement put North Macedonia on the wagon, Courrier des Balkans, August&amp;nbsp;23, 2008 |url=http://balkans.courriers.info/article11084.html |access-date=23 August 2010 |publisher=Balkans.courriers.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lokacin bazara kuma yana da alamar lalacewar gandun daji ta hanyar gobarar daji. A shekara ta 2008, an dasa bishiyoyi miliyan shida a Arewacin Makidoniya don sake farfado da gandun daji da suka lalace.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Macedonia plants six million trees to revive fire-ravaged forests, 19 novembre 2008 |url=http://www.terradaily.com/reports/Macedonia_plants_six_million_trees_to_revive_fire-ravaged_forests_999.html |access-date=23 August 2010 |publisher=TerraDaily}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Rashin lalacewar muhalli]] duk da haka yana tattara kungiyoyin cikin gida kuma Arewacin Makidoniya ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kamar [[Yarjejeniyar Kyoto]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;world factbook&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 July 2023 |title=CIA The World Factbook – Macedonia |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/north-macedonia/ |access-date=1 August 2025 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121024841/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/north-macedonia/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Center|'''The three national parks :'''
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Mount Pelister MK.jpg|Pelister
File:Mavrovo-Lake-Autumn.jpg|Mavrovo
File:Galichitsa.jpg|Galičica
&lt;/gallery&gt;}}

== Yanayin ɗan adam ==

=== Bambance-bambance a cikin yawan jama'a da birni ===
[[Fayil:Прилеп-панорама.jpg|alt=the red-roofed buildings of Prilep and surrounding mountains and vallies|thumb|Hoton Prilep da filin Pelagonia]]
Jamhuriyar Arewacin Makidoniya ta kunshi garuruwan karkara, tare da kashi 45% kawai na yawan jama'a da suka fi mayar da hankali a cikin manyan garuruwa da birane. Skopje, tare da mazauna sama da 500,000, ita ce birni mafi girma a kasar. Yankin da ke kewaye da shi, ɗaya daga cikin filayen ƙasar, ya haɗa da wasu birane da yawa, kamar Tetovo da Gostivar. Bitola, Prilep da sauran manyan birane, suna cikin filin Pelagonia a kudu. Sauran yawan jama'a sun fi mayar da hankali a kwarin Vardar da sauran 'yan tafkuna da filayen kasar.

Birane, wanda ke tasowa da sauri tun zamanin kwaminisanci na Yugoslavia, ya haifar da gine-gine marasa sarrafawa da ba bisa ka'ida ba. Sauran biranen ba su girma da sauri kamar babban birnin ba, wanda ya sami mazauna sama da 300,000 tsakanin 1948 da 1981. Bitola, Prilep da Kumanovo, sauran manyan birane guda uku, ba su wuce mazauna 30,000 a 1948 ba kuma sun kai mutane 100,000 tun lokacin. Kumanovo, wanda shine birni na biyu mafi girma a Arewacin Makidoniya, yana da mazauna 105,000 kawai a shekara ta 2002, wanda ke da bambanci sosai idan aka kwatanta shi da yawan mutanen babban birnin Skopje - mazauna 506,000. Wannan ya sa Skopje ya zama birni mai mahimmanci.

'''Yawan jama'a na manyan biraneyankuna'''&lt;timeline&gt;
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy
ImageSize = width:640 height:auto barincrement:25
PlotArea  = left:10 right:10 top:10 bottom:40
AlignBars  = justify

Colors =
  id:canvas         value:rgb(0.97,0.97,0.97)

BackgroundColors = canvas:canvas

Period = from:0 till:600
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:100 start:0 gridcolor:drabgreen

BarData=
  barset:Einwohnerzahl

PlotData=
  width:20 fontsize:M textcolor:black color:skyblue shift:(20,-6) anchor:from

  barset:Einwohnerzahl

  from:start till:506.9  text:[[Skopje]]_(506 926)
  from:start till:105.5   text:[[Kumanovo]]_(105 484)
  from:start till:95.4   text:[[Bitola]]_(95 385)
  from:start till:86.5    text:[[Tetovo]]_(86 580)
  from:start till:81.0    text:[[Gostivar]]_(81 042)
  from:start till:76.7    text:[[Prilep]]_(76 768)
  from:start till:63.3    text:[[Struga]]_(63 376)
  from:start till:55.7    text:[[Ohrid]]_(55 749)
  from:start till:55.1    text:[[Vélès (city)|Veles]]_(55 108)
  from:start till:54.6    text:[[Strumica]]_(54 676)

TextData=
  fontsize:S pos:(450,20)
  text:Population (in thousands)
&lt;/timeline&gt;

=== Rarraba kabilanci ===
[[Fayil:Macedonia_ethnic2002_03.png|alt=A map of Macedonia showing the most prominent ethnicity by municipality. Municipalities in the northwest frequently have Albanian majorities, and a couple with Turkish majorities. Almost all of the rest have Macedonian majorities|right|thumb|150x150px|Gundumar Arewacin Makidoniya bisa ga mafi yawan kabilanci (a cikin rawaya, Macedonians, a cikin orange Albaniyawa, a cikin kore Turks, a cikin blue municipalities tare da gauraye kabilun) ]]
Macedonians sune mafi girman kabilanci a kasar, suna da kashi 58.4% na yawan jama'a, bisa ga ƙidayar 2021. Suna magana da Harshen Makidoniya kuma mafi yawansu Kiristoci ne na Orthodox na Gabas. Albanians sune mafi yawan 'yan tsiraru a kasar, suna da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na yawan jama'a. Suna zaune galibi a yamma da arewa maso yamma. Turks, wadanda suka hada da kusan kashi 4% na yawan jama'a, galibi sun warwatse, kodayake sun zama mafi rinjaye a cikin [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] biyu (Plasnica da Centar Župa). Romani sun kai kashi 2.5% na yawan jama'a kuma suna mai da hankali a duk faɗin Arewacin Makidoniya, yayin da Serbs, waɗanda suka samar da kashi 1.3% na yawan jamaʼa, galibi suna zaune a arewacin ƙasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;world factbook&quot;/&gt;

=== Rarrabawar gudanarwa ===
[[Fayil:MKD_muni_nonn_Rural-Urban-fr.png|alt=Map of Macedonia showing which municipalities are rural and which are urban|left|thumb|200x200px|Taswirar kananan hukumomi (ƙananan hukumomin birane a cikin shuɗi, sun bambanta da ƙananan hukumomin karkara waɗanda ke cikin kore) ]]
Arewacin Makidoniya ya kasu kashi takwas: Skopje, Pelagonia, Polog, Vardar, Gabas, Kudu maso gabas, Arewa maso gabas da Kudu maso yamma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=General and Regional Statistics |url=http://www.stat.gov.mk/english/katalog.asp?bg=1&amp;pg=1.03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113145247/http://www.stat.gov.mk/english/katalog.asp?bg=1&amp;pg=1.03 |archive-date=13 November 2010 |access-date=31 August 2010 |publisher=State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kasar ta ci gaba da raba zuwa kananan hukumomi 84. Har zuwa shekara ta 1996, akwai kananan hukumomi 123, amma dokoki da yawa da aka yi niyyar kara haƙƙin 'yan tsiraru sun rage yawan kananan hukumomi kuma sun canza matsayinsu gaba ɗaya. Skopje, babban birnin kasar, kanta ta kasu kashi goma. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Municipalities of Macedonia |url=http://www.statoids.com/umk.html |access-date=23 August 2010 |publisher=Statoids.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Halaye da fa'idodi ===
[[Fayil:NorthMacedonia2025OSM.png|thumb|Cikakken taswirar Arewacin Makidoniya]]
Yanayin yankin Arewacin Makidoniya yana ba shi fa'idodi da yawa. Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodi shine matsayin ƙasa na ƙasar. Ita ce cibiyar Balkans, tsakanin [[Belgrade]] da [[Athens]], [[Tirana]] da [[Sofiya|Sofia]], tsakanin Adriatic da Black Sea. Kwarin Vardar ya zama hanyar halitta, wanda ke haɗa Girka da sauran Turai. Wannan hanyar ta haye ta hanyar babbar hanyar E75, wacce ta haye a Turai kuma ta haɗa Scandinavia da Attica. An kuma gyara wannan babbar hanyar a Arewacin Makidoniya tare da Hukumar Tarayyar Turai don sake ginawa, kuma tashoshin sadarwa da ke haɗa Adriatic zuwa Tekun Baƙi, wanda ake kira Corridor VIII, an kuma inganta su kuma an kiyaye su ta hanyar taimakon kasa da kasa ciki har da na Italiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 February 2010 |title=Secretariat Corridor8.it |url=http://www.corridor8.org/index2.php?page=corridor_single&amp;id=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725200230/http://www.corridor8.org/index2.php?page=corridor_single&amp;id=1 |archive-date=25 July 2011 |access-date=23 August 2010 |publisher=Corridor8.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Arewacin Makidoniya ma tana da wadataccen ma'adanai. Kasar a zahiri tana da ajiya mai yawa na chromium da sauran karafa marasa ƙarfe kamar jan ƙarfe, [[zinc]], Manganese da nickel.&lt;ref name=&quot;world factbook&quot;/&gt; Har ila yau, ƙasar tana da ma'adanai na gypsum, &lt;ref name=&quot;world factbook&quot; /&gt; marmara da dutse, wanda ke cikin Pelagonia. Lignite, yana ba da 80% na wutar lantarki a Arewacin Makidoniya. Baya ga ma'adanai da ma'adinai, kasar tana da manyan tsire-tsire na siminti da manyan kayan ƙarfe, waɗanda gwamnatin kwaminisanci ta kirkira.

Ana ƙarfafa aikin gona ta hanyar mahimman albarkatun ruwa, waɗanda madatsun ruwa da canals ke sarrafawa. Kasancewar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa masu zafi na asalin dutsen wuta na iya dumama ɗakunan a cikin hunturu, musamman a yankin Strumica, waɗanda samfuran su suka haɗa da [[Tumatir]] da cucumbers a cikin watan Fabrairu. Yanayi daban-daban suna ba da dama ga samarwa daban-daban a yankin ƙasa, don haka ana sarrafa inabi da taba a kudu, [[shinkafa]] a yankin Kočani wanda aka fi ban ruwa, kuma masana'antar itace tana mai da hankali a kusa da Štip. [[Noma|Aikin noma]] yana ba da gudummawa sosai ga fitarwa, musamman tare da ruwan inabi da taba. Rashin farashin ma'aikata yana taimakawa masana'antar masana'antu.

Arewacin Makidoniya yana karɓar kusan masu yawon bude ido 1,000,000 a kowace shekara &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=101 facts about Macedonia |url=http://faq.macedonia.org/information/101.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606092353/http://faq.macedonia.org/information/101.html |archive-date=6 June 2010 |access-date=23 August 2010 |publisher=Faq.macedonia.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma yana fuskantar ƙaruwa na baƙi. Adadin masu yawon bude ido na cikin gida daga Janairu zuwa Maris 2008 ya karu da kashi 23.5% idan aka kwatanta da wannan lokacin na shekarar da ta gabata. Adadin masu yawon bude ido na kasashen waje a watan Maris na shekara ta 2008 idan aka kwatanta da watan Maris na 2007 ya karu da kashi 44.7%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia |url=http://www.stat.gov.mk/english/statistiki_eng.asp?ss=14.02&amp;rbs=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822005824/http://www.stat.gov.mk/english/statistiki_eng.asp?ss=14.02&amp;rbs=1 |archive-date=22 August 2010 |access-date=23 August 2010 |publisher=Stat.gov.mk}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2007, Tafkin Ohrid ya karbi kusan masu yawon bude ido na cikin gida da na kasashen waje 250,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Southeast European Times |url=http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/articles/2007/10/08/reportage-01 |access-date=23 August 2010 |publisher=Setimes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2009, kusan masu yawon bude ido 28,000 ne suka ziyarci kasar, wato, kashi 3.2% fiye da wannan watan a shekarar da ta gabata. Har ila yau, an sami karuwar kashi 8% a cikin adadin baƙi na ƙasashen waje.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 April 2009 |title=MINA |url=http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/6380/45/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915001901/http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/6380/45/ |archive-date=15 September 2018 |access-date=23 August 2010 |publisher=Macedoniaonline.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lokacin rani na shekara ta 2009 shine mafi kyawun lokacin yawon bude ido ga birnin Dojran tare da baƙi 135,000 na dare, karuwa da 12.5% idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 September 2009 |title=Mina |url=http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/8389/1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915042305/http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/8389/1/ |archive-date=15 September 2018 |access-date=23 August 2010 |publisher=Macedoniaonline.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta== 
{{Reflist}} 
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    <title>Yanayin ƙasa da yanayin Winnipeg</title>
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      <text bytes="11060" sha1="drpqbbr9tds3xcscwhyatb6931goys8" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Winnipeg_satellite_image_NASA.jpg|thumb|Hoton tauraron dan adam na Winnipeg]]
[[Fayil:Winnipeg_skyline_from_55_Nassau.jpg|thumb|Halin sararin samaniya na Winnipeg]]
[[Fayil:2005_Winnipeg_Flood.JPG|thumb|Forks a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa ta 2005]]
[[Winnipeg]] yana kwance a kasan Kwarin Red River, wani fili mai ambaliyar ruwa mai laushi tare da yanayin ƙasa mai laushi sosai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Geomorphology of the Red River |url=http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/floods/redriver/geomorphology_e.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604201210/http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/floods/redriver/geomorphology_e.php |archive-date=4 June 2011 |access-date=9 May 2012 |publisher=Natural Resources Canada}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan kwarin ya samo asali ne daga tsohuwar tafkin Agassiz wanda ke da wadataccen ajiyar baƙar fata. Winnipeg tana kan gefen gabashin Filayen Kanada a Yammacin Kanada; an san shi da 'Gateway to the West'. Yana kusa da manyan tabkuna da wuraren shakatawa na Kanada, da kuma Tafkin Winnipeg (ta goma sha biyu mafi girma a duniya). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=World Lake Database |title=Lake Winnipeg |url=http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/nam/nam-08.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210173421/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/nam/nam-08.html |archive-date=10 February 2007 |access-date=5 January 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Winnipeg tana da iyaka da tsaunuka masu tsawo a yamma da kudu da kuma filin shakatawa na aspen a arewa maso gabas.

Winnipeg ya keɓanta sosai a cikin birni mafi kusancin da ke da daidai ko girma shine Minneapolis–Saint Paul, [[Minnesota]] (yawan metro na 3,317,308), wanda ke da nisan kilomita 733 (455 mi) kudu maso gabas daga birnin. Bisa ga ƙidayar yanki na Kanada, birnin yana da jimlar yanki na 464.01 km2 (179.16 sq mi) da tsayin daka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=City of Winnipeg Community Profile: Overview |url=http://winnipeg.ca/census/includes/Geographies.stm |access-date=16 July 2009 |publisher=Government of Manitoba}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Birnin yana da Yanayin zafi na nahiyar tare da bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin hunturu da rani, da kuma ruwan sama mafi girma a lokacin rani. Matsakaicin zafin Janairu shine -16.4 ° C (2.5 ° F), kuma matsakaicin zabin Yuli shine 19.7 °C (67.5 °F) ° C (67.5 ° F). Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine 521.1 mm (20.52 in) in); dusar ƙanƙara tana faɗuwa kwanaki 53 kuma tana kwance a cikin kwanaki 132 a cikin matsakaicin shekara.

Winnipeg tana da manyan koguna uku: Red River, Assiniboine River, da Seine River. Kogin Red wani kogi ne na al'adun Kanada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Projects and Progress |url=http://www.riverswest.ca/index.cfm?pageID=4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090704030441/http://www.riverswest.ca/index.cfm?pageID=4 |archive-date=4 July 2009 |access-date=16 July 2009 |publisher=Rivers West}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda yanayin Winnipeg mai laushi da dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa, Winnipeg yana ƙarƙashin ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani. Kogin Red ya kai mafi girman ambaliyar ruwa a 1826. Red River Floodway yana kare birnin daga ambaliyar ruwa.

== Yanayin birni ==
[[Fayil:Portage_Ave._Winnipeg.jpg|thumb|Downtown Winnipeg Portage Avenue]]


Gundumar Musayar Winnipeg an sanya masa suna ne bayan musayar hatsi ta asali daga 1880 zuwa 1913. &lt;ref name=&quot;BIZ&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2010 |title=downtownwinnipegbiz Trends 2010 |url=http://www.downtownwinnipegbiz.com/resource/file/DBIZ_Trends_2010.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111075234/http://www.downtownwinnipegbiz.com/resource/file/DBIZ_Trends_2010.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2014 |access-date=21 July 2010 |publisher=Downtown Winnipeg BIZ}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gundumar 30 ta sami matsayin Tarihin Tarihi na Kasa na Kanada a cikin 1997; ya haɗa da tarin Arewacin Amurka na farkon karni na 20 da gine-ginen dutse, 62 na gine-gidan tarihi 86 na Winnipeg, Stephen [[Juba]] Park, da Old Market Square, gida ga Winnipeg Jazz da Fringe Festivals.&lt;ref name=&quot;BIZ&quot; /&gt; Sauran manyan yankuna na cikin Garin Sin hada da Forks, Central Park, Broadway-Assiniboine da Chinatown . Yawancin manyan gine-ginen Downtown Winnipeg suna da alaƙa da Winnipeg Walkway skywalk.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Downtown Winnipeg Profile |url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/ppd/planning/pdf_folder/dwntwnprofile.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928014925/http://www.winnipeg.ca/ppd/planning/pdf_folder/dwntwnprofile.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2011 |access-date=16 July 2009 |publisher=City of Winnipeg}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gidajen zama daban-daban sun kewaye gari a kowane bangare, amma fadadawa ya fi girma a kudu da yamma, kuma ya bi hanyar manyan koguna biyu. Yankin birni a Winnipeg yana da kimanin {{Cvt|25|km}} (16  daga gabas zuwa yamma da kilomita {{Cvt|20|km}} (12 mi) daga arewa zuwa kudu, kodayake yankuna da yawa sun kasance marasa ci gaba. Gidan shakatawa mafi girma a cikin birni, Assiniboine Park kusa da unguwar mai arziki ta Tuxedo, yana da Gidan shakatawa na Assiniboine Park da Leo Mol Sculpture Garden, Sauran manyan wuraren shakatawa na birni sun haɗa da Kildonan Park, St. Vital Park, da Fort Whyte Center. Manyan wuraren kasuwanci a cikin birni sune Polo Park (West End da St. James), Kildonan Crossing (Transcona da East Kildonan), Kudancin St. Vital, Garden City (West Kildonan) da kuma Corydon strip.
[[Fayil:Osborne_Village2.jpg|left|thumb|Garin Osborne]]
Garin Osborne shine unguwar da ta fi yawan jama'a a Winnipeg, &lt;ref name=&quot;Where.ca&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Neighbourhoods: The Village Pilgrimage |url=http://www.where.ca/Winnipeg/article_feature.cfm?listing_id=14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807034934/http://www.where.ca/winnipeg/article_feature.cfm?listing_id=14 |archive-date=7 August 2011 |access-date=23 May 2011 |publisher=Where.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma unguwar ta biyu mafi yawan jama'aa a Yammacin Kanada.  An zabe shi a matsayin Mafi Kyawun Wuri don Rayuwa a cikin Uptown Magazine na 2008 Mafi Kyawun Lissafi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=BEST OF WINNIPEG 2008! |url=http://www.uptownmag.com/2008-05-15/page2270.aspx |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607002218/http://www.uptownmag.com/2008-05-15/page2270.aspx |archive-date=7 June 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garin Osborne al'umma ce mai rikitarwa tare da al'adun gargajiya masu arziki da siffofin gine-gine daban-daban. Ana godiya da shi a matsayin wuri mai kyau don zama, aiki, da wasa. Saboda haka, yana ci gaba da samun sha'awar ci gaba. Shahararrun abubuwan da suka faru a shekara-shekara sun haɗa da Bikin Ranar Kanada . Garin Osborne yana da ɗayan tarin kantuna da gidajen cin abinci na Winnipeg tare da kamfanoni sama da 175 da ke kiran Garin Osborn.

=== Hanyoyi da adiresoshin ===
Birnin yana amfani da Tsarin grid amma akwai nau'o'i daban-daban a wurin, kamar yadda birni ya kasance asali goma sha uku daban-daban kuma kowannensu ya bunkasa a yanayi daban-daban da kuma a karkashin dokoki daban-daban. Kodayake ya zama ruwan dare ga hanyoyin da ke gudana daga arewa zuwa kudu da za a kira su &quot;tituna&quot; kuma waɗanda ke gudana gabas zuwa yamma za a kira &quot;avenues&quot;, aikin yana da nisa daga duniya, kuma ƙananan hanyoyi suna gudana a cikin madaidaiciyar hanya; hanyar &quot;gabas zuwa yamma&quot; na iya gudana a kusurwar digiri 45 daga gabas zuwa masamba. Kokarin da aka yi a farkon karni na 20 don kawo tsari ga tsarin ta hanyar ba da sunayen lambobi ga tituna sun kasa; duk hanyoyi a cikin birni suna da sunayen da suka dace, wasu daga cikinsu ana maimaita su.  (Akwai, alal misali, Wellington Crescent a cikin River Heights da Wellington Avenue a cikin West End, da Killarney Avenue a Fort Garry da Killarne Street a St. Vital.) 

Har ila yau, babu tsarin ƙididdigar adiresoshin duniya a wurin. Lambobin adiresoshin yawanci suna ƙaruwa yayin da nisan daga ko dai kogin Red ko Assiniboine ke ƙaruwa, amma wannan ba daidai ba ne, har ma a cikin takamaiman gundumar. Wadannan abubuwan na iya haifar da matsaloli masu tsanani ga sababbi da baƙi, musamman a yankunan tsofaffi na birnin, kuma suna iya shafar gidan waya da sauran isarwar.

Yawancin manyan hanyoyi a Winnipeg suna da faɗi saboda yanayin ƙasa na bazara da kuma amfani da tarihin Red River wanda ya haifar da hanyoyi masu yawa a cikin hanyoyin laka. Portage Avenue yana da hanyoyi huɗu na zirga-zirga a kowane bangare tare da babbar hanyar tsakiya don yawancin tafiyarta ta Winnipeg. Hanyoyi kalilan, duk da haka, suna da faɗi kamar manyan hanyoyi da aka gani a wasu biranen Kanada (kamar 401 a [[Toronto]] ko Deerfoot Trail a Calgary). Hanyoyin zama sun fi ƙanƙanta fiye da tituna a wasu biranen Yammacin Kanada, don haka suna da ƙanƙara cewa filin ajiye motoci yana yiwuwa ne kawai a gefe ɗaya na titin.

== Yanayi ==
Winnipeg tana tsakiyar nahiyar Arewacin Amurka a kan ƙasa mai laushi, fili. Saboda wurin da yake a cikin Filayen Kanada, da kuma nisansa daga duwatsu da teku, yana da matsanancin yanayi na nahiyar ([[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen]] ''Dfb'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification |url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |access-date=8 March 2011 |publisher=[[University of Melbourne]] |archive-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203170339/http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Plant Hardiness Zone 3b-4a &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Plant Hardiness Zone Maps |url=http://planthardiness.gc.ca/?m=1 |access-date=2020-07-24 |website=Canada's Plant Hardiness Site |publisher=[[Natural Resources Canada]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Plant Hardiness Zone by Municipality |url=http://planthardiness.gc.ca/?m=22&amp;lang=en&amp;prov=Manitoba&amp;val=W |access-date=2020-07-24 |website=Canada's Plant Hardiness Site |publisher=[[Natural Resources Canada]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Manitoba Interactive Plant Hardiness Zone Map |url=https://www.plantmaps.com/interactive-manitoba-plant-zone-hardiness-map.php |access-date=2020-07-24 |website=plantmaps.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;), saboda akwai manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin yanayin bazara da hunturu. Budewar filayen ya bar Winnipeg ya fallasa ga tsarin yanayi da yawa ciki har da blizzards da Tsarin matsin lamba mai sanyi na [[Arctic]], wanda aka sani da polar high. Winnipeg tana da yanayi daban-daban guda huɗu, tare da gajeren lokaci tsakanin hunturu da rani.

Birnin yana da matsakaicin {{Cvt|521.1|mm|2}}  in) na ruwan sama a kowace shekara, kodayake wannan na iya bambanta sosai daga shekara zuwa shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;CCN&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Winnipeg MB |url=http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/winners/citydata_e.html?SelectedCity=123&amp;submit=Submit |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120050347/http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/winners/citydata_e.html?SelectedCity=123&amp;submit=Submit |archive-date=20 January 2013 |access-date=17 January 2012 |publisher=Environment Canada}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Human Rights Watch: Mongolia</title>
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[[Fayil:Government_Building_12.jpg|thumb|Ginin Gwamnati na 12 wanda ke da gidan Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kasa ta Mongolia]]
Tun lokacin da ta juya zuwa ga [[Mongolia]]_Revolution_of_1990&quot; id=&quot;mwDQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Mongolian Revolution of 1990&quot;&gt;dimokuradiyya a cikin 1990, Mongolia ta amince da manufar haƙƙin [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|ɗan adam]] da na [[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|jama'a]]. &quot;Dokar kare hakkin dan adam,&quot; a cewar wata kungiya ta kare hakkin dan Adam, &quot;wani yanki ne mai saurin fadadawa a cikin tsarin shari'ar Mongoliya. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Law and Human Rights Internships in Mongolia |url=http://www.projects-abroad.org/volunteer-projects/law-and-human-rights/volunteer-mongolia/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306233715/http://www.projects-abroad.org/volunteer-projects/law-and-human-rights/volunteer-mongolia/ |archive-date=March 6, 2013 |access-date=January 3, 2013 |website=Projects Abroad}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Satumbar 2000, Mongolia ta karɓi abin da ake kira &quot;Millennium Goal 9&quot;, wanda shine &quot;ƙarfafa haƙƙin ɗan adam da inganta mulkin dimokuradiyya. &quot;Rubuta a cikin [[Jakarta]] Post, sakatare-jan janar Janar na al'ummar [[Indonesiya|Indonesian]] wanda ya &quot;yaci na farko don dimokuradiya da sake fasalinsa a Mongoliya, duk&quot; ya ce, New York tana jin daɗin 'yanci' yanci, New Mongoliya, koyaushe tana' yancin kai' yanci da' yanci a cikin New Mongolia, 'yancin' yanci' yancin' yancin ɗan adam a Adj, duk' yanci&quot;, ya ce, duk' Yanci, duk' ya ce, 'yanci, dukansu masu sauraro, duk' yarinta a nan, duk' aduniya, 'yan Adam a nan, 'yan adam a nan' yanci na Adj, 'yan ita, duk' 'yanci a nan' Yanci a nan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hardjono |first=Ratih |title=Mongolia: Caught between democratization and Rio Tinto |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/05/31/mongolia-caught-between-democratization-and-rio-tinto.html |access-date=January 3, 2013 |website=The Jakarta Post}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Wani lokaci wannan sha'awar za a iya murkushe ta hanyar zalunci. Ammah zai sake tashi. Wannan shi ne Mongoliya. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mongolia's President Says Human Rights 'Universal' |url=http://asiasociety.org/policy/governance/national/mongolias-president-says-human-rights-universal |access-date=January 3, 2013 |website=Asia Society}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Duk da haka duk da ci gaban tattalin arziki da zaman takewar Mongoliya tun ƙarshen [[Kwaminisanci]], &quot;al'adun daga tsohuwar mulkin kama karya,&quot; a cewar wani mai kallo, &quot;yana da mummunar tasiri ga cikar haƙƙin ɗan adam a Mongoliya. &quot;Rashin amfani da iko na hukuma ya yadu, kuma jami'an tilasta bin doka &quot;ba su girmama tsaron da 'yanci na mutane ba. &quot;Yar suna ba da rahoto akai-akai game da keta haƙƙin ɗan Adam, sai dai lauyoyi da farfesa, ba su iya fahimtar haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa da gaske&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;HUrights Osaka&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Human Rights Education in Mongolian Schools: Present State and Challenges |url=http://www.hurights.or.jp/archives/human_rights_education_in_asian_schools/section2/2006/03/human-rights-education-in-mongolian-schools-present-state-and-challenges.html |access-date=January 3, 2013 |website=HUrights Osaka}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani rahoto na musamman na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] kan matsanancin talauci da 'Yancin Dan Adam Mongolia ya nuna a watan Disamba Shekarar 2012 cewa yayin da Mongolia &quot;a halin yanzu tana fuskantar babban bunkasa albarkatu kuma kasar tana kan iyakar daya daga cikin manyan sauye-sauye a tarihinta,&quot; tare da [[hakar ma'adinai]] da saka hannun jari na kasashen waje &quot;wanda ake sa ran ya ninka tattalin arzikin kasa sau uku a shekarar 2020,&quot; kasar &quot;ta kasance cikin mafi munin kasashe a cikin ci gaban dan adam na kasa da kasa (110 daga 187 bisa ga Ci gaban Dan Adam na 2011&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights |url=http://www.undp.mn/news071212a.html |access-date=January 3, 2013 |website=United Nations Development Programme |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304231318/http://www.undp.mn/news071212a.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga cikin manyan matsalolin kare hakkin dan adam da ke fuskantar Mongolia, musamman a cikin 'yan sanda da bangaren tsaro, akwai cin zarafin fursunoni da' yan sanda suka yi wa fursunoni, rashin daidaito na tilasta bin doka, yanayin kurkuku mara kyau, [[Kamu da tsarewa ba bisa ka'ida ba|Kamawa da gangan]], tsawon lokaci na tsare-tsare, cin hanci da rashawa na shari'a, rashin'ar kafofin watsa labarai, asirin gwamnati, tashin hankali na gida, da fataucin mutane. An haramta nuna bambanci &quot;bisa ga asalin kabilanci, yare, launin fata, shekaru, jima'i, asalin zaman takewa, ko matsayi&quot;, kuma akwai daidaito na jima'i na hukuma &quot;a cikin siyasa, tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, al'adu, da iyali. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;2010 Human Rights Report: Mongolia&quot;/&gt; An ba da ƙarin hankali kwanan nan ga tasirin haƙƙin ɗan adam na saurin fadada masana'antar hakar ma'adinai a Mongolia, wanda a lokuta da yawa ya yi mummunar tasiri a kan yanayin makiyaya na gargajiya sabili da haka a kan rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun da kuma damar aiki.

== Hakki na asali ==
A Mongolia, ana tabbatar da haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali ta hanyar kundin tsarin mulki, tare da ƙasar ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin ƙasashen duniya daban-daban. Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Shekara ta 1992 ya tabbatar da 'yancin magana, taro, da addini, da kuma' yancin shari'a mai kyau da kariya daga nuna bambanci. Koyaya, ƙalubalen suna ci gaba da aiki, musamman game da kula da 'yan tsiraru da batutuwan da suka shafi' yancin yada labarai. Mongolia ta yi ci gaba wajen karfafa tsarin kare hakkin dan adam ta hanyar hadin gwiwa tare da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, gami da [[Tarayyar Turai]]. A cikin abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan, taron 23 na Kwamitin hadin gwiwa na Mongolia da EU, wanda aka gudanar a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2025, ya jaddada muhimmancin tattaunawar haƙƙin ɗan adam, wanda ya haɗa da saka idanu da inganta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a matsayin wani ɓangare na manyan manufofin ci gaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mongolia-European Union Joint Committee holds 23rd meeting in Ulaanbaatar |url=https://akipress.com/news:826446:Mongolia-European_Union_Joint_Committee_holds_23rd_meeting_in_Ulaanbaatar/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=akipress.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Duk da yake akwai 'yancin magana da na' yan jarida, &quot;zagi&quot; laifi ne, kuma gwamnati na ƙoƙarin matsa lamba da kuma rufe murmushi ga kafofin watsa labarai a hanyoyi daban-daban. Kodayake tantancewa ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, 'yan jarida da yawa suna shiga cikin tantancewa saboda tsoron ramuwar gayya daga gwamnati ko ma'aikatansu. Kodayake dokar Mongoliya ta ba da tabbacin haƙƙin sirri, gwamnati sau da yawa tana shiga cikin sirrin abokan adawar ta, 'yan jarida, da sauransu, ta hanyar yin amfani da wayoyi da shiga cikin asusun imel.

A shekara ta 2009, yawancin tashoshin talabijin a Ulaanbaatar sun sanya hannu kan &quot;sadarwa&quot; tare da Ofishin Watsa Labarai na Babban Hukumar Manufofin inda suka mika wuya ga matakin kulawar gwamnati kan abubuwan da ke ciki don dawo da &quot;kariya&quot;. An ci tarar jaridu saboda cin mutunci ga gwamnati, kuma tuhumar tsegumi da binciken haraji na kafofin watsa labarai sun zama ruwan dare. A lokuta na tsegumi, nauyin tabbatarwa yana kan wanda ake tuhuma. 'Yan jarida da yawa suna da cin hanci da rashawa, kuma za su ƙirƙiri labaran labarai don musayar biyan kuɗi.

Kodayake gwamnati ba ta hana damar Intanet ba, tana sa ido kan imel ɗin wasu mutane. Ana girmama 'yancin ilimi da' yancin al'adu, kamar yadda' yancin taro da tarayya suke. Mongolians suna da 'yanci su koma cikin kasar, su yi tafiya zuwa kasashen waje, su koma kasashen waje kuma su koma daga kasashen waje. Baƙi da ke zaune a Mongolia dole ne su sami biza don barin ƙasar. Zaben yana da 'yanci da adalci. Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa 17 da aka yi rajista, waɗanda ke iya gudanar da ayyukansu kyauta.

== Cire hukuncin kisa ==
{{Reflist|2}}
A ranar 14 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2010, Shugaban kasar Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai, daga nan gaba, ya yi amfani da ikonsa don yafe wa duk mutanen da aka yanke musu hukuncin kisa. Ya bayyana cewa Yawancin ƙasashe a duniya sun soke hukuncin kisa, kuma ya kamata Mongolia ta bi misalin su. Ya ba da shawarar cewa za a sauya hukuncin kisa zuwa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru talatin. Shawarwarin ya kasance mai kawo rigima; lokacin da Shugaba Elbegdorj ya sanar da shi a majalisar, wakilan MPRP sun zaɓi kada su ba da bulala ta al'ada saboda jawabin shugaban kasa.  (Dubi: Hukuncin kisa a Mongolia) 

Shugaba Elbegdorj ya bayyana cewa &quot;Hukuncin kisa ba daidai ba ne - yana ƙasƙantar da mutuncin ɗan adam. Ba ya kawo zaman lafiya ga al'umma. Ba ya hana aikata laifuka kuma ba ya ɗaga bil'adama,&quot; a cikin [http://www.unrol.org/files/Statement%20by%20Mongolia.pdf jawabinsa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007122155/http://www.unrol.org/files/Statement%20by%20Mongolia.pdf |date=2012-10-07 }} An adana shi 2012-10-07 a  a Babban Taron Babban Taron kan Dokar na 67th na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a ranar 24 ga Satumba 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 September 2012 |title=Statement by H.E. Mr.Elbegdorj Tsakhia, President of Mongolia, at the United Nations General Assembly High Level Meeting on the Rule of Law at the national and international levels |url=http://www.unrol.org/files/Statement%20by%20Mongolia.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007122155/http://www.unrol.org/files/Statement%20by%20Mongolia.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2012 |access-date=1 August 2013 |publisher=United Nations Rule of Law Unit}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Ta hanyar tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka ta Biyu Mongolia za ta ƙara ƙasa ɗaya a cikin al'ummar duniya don kawar da hukuncin kisa gaba ɗaya. Gafara rai ba yana nufin gafarta wa hukunci ba. Hukuncin ga manyan laifuka da zalunci dole ne ya zama mai tsanani, kuma dole ne ya kasance mai adalci. Duk da haka, ban yi tunanin kawai don hana kowane ɗan ƙasa rai a cikin sunan jihar ba. Hakkin rayuwa yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma ba zai iya dogara da kowa ba, har ma da shugaban ƙasa na 2010 ya nuna su gaisuwa da izininsa gaisuwa gaisuwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tsakhia |first=Elbegdorj |date=18 May 2010 |title=Greetings of the President of Mongolia Tsakhia to the delegates of the 5th international meeting of Ministers of Justice &quot;From moratorium to abolition of the capital punishment-No justice without life&quot; |url=http://www.president.mn/eng/newsCenter/viewNews.php?newsId=249 |access-date=21 June 2013 |publisher=Office of the President of Mongolia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Watanni huɗu bayan sanarwar Shugaba Elbegdorj game da dakatar da hukuncin kisa ta hanyar gafarta masa, an gudanar da bincike tsakanin malaman shari'a na Mongoliya suna tambayar ko daidai ne ko ba daidai ba ne a soke hukuncin kisa a Mongoliya. Kashi 83% na mahalarta binciken sun amsa cewa ba daidai ba ne. Sun soki &quot;Ta hanyar gafarta wa fursunoni na mutuwa, Shugaban Mongoliya kai tsaye ya tsoma baki cikin hanyoyin aikata laifuka. Babu wanda ke da damar canza hukunce-hukuncen kotu. &quot;  A cewar Mataki na 33.1.8 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki, shugaban Mongoliya yana da damar &quot;don ba da gafara. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 January 1992 |title=Constitution of Mongolia. Article 33.1.8 |url=http://www.parliament.mn/en/law/categories/2541/pages/4428 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107070608/http://www.parliament.mn/en/law/categories/2541/pages/4428 |archive-date=7 November 2013 |access-date=9 July 2013 |publisher=parliament.mn}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasu masana da masu sukar sun yi la'akari da cewa ya yi wuri da kuskure don kawar da hukuncin kisa a Mongolia, suna bayyana cewa laifukan kisan kai sun zama masu tsanani kuma ba za a aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bat-Ochir |first=Bumbaa |date=28 February 2011 |title=Is it right or wrong to abolish death penalty? Why? |url=http://biznetwork.mn/topic/show/26758 |access-date=7 July 2013 |publisher=biznetwork.mn (blog in Mongolian) |archive-date=6 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106031416/http://biznetwork.mn/topic/show/26758 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Duk da zargi da yawa daga 'yan siyasa masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, 'yan adawa, da masu sukar, an karɓi shawarar Shugaba Elbegdorj da kyau a duniya. Amnesty International ta lura cewa &quot;Ayyukan Shugaba Elbegdorj sun nuna jajircewa ga kare haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma sun kafa misali mai kyau ga sauran ƙasashen Asiya a yankin,&quot; a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu Shekara 
ta 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 February 2010 |title=Abolish the death penalty in Mongolia |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/appeals-for-action/abolish-death-penalty-mongolia |access-date=10 July 2013 |publisher=Amnesty International}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyar kasa da kasa &quot;Hands off Cain&quot; ta ba da kyautar Elbegdorj tare da &quot;Abolitionist of the Year 2011&quot; yana lura da Mongolia a matsayin misali wanda ke inganta haƙƙin rayuwa tsakanin ƙasashen Asiya.

A ƙarshe, a watan Janairun shekarar 2012, Majalisar Dokokin Mongoliya ta yi gyare-gyare ga wata doka don shiga Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka ta 2 ga Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa; ta sa Mongoliya ta zama jam'iyya ga taron kuma ta karfafa jajircewar kasar don kawar da hukuncin kisa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 January 2012 |title=Mongolia takes 'vital step forward' in abolishing the death penalty |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/news/mongolia-takes-vital-step-forward-abolishing-death-penalty-2012-01-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725231159/http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/mongolia-takes-vital-step-forward-abolishing-death-penalty-2012-01-05 |archive-date=25 July 2014 |access-date=8 August 2012 |publisher=Amnesty International}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cin hanci da rashawa ==
{{Asia topic|Human rights in}}Cin hanci da rashawa babbar matsala ce a duk faɗin gwamnatin Mongoliya da tilasta bin doka, kuma babu isasshen kulawa daga hukumomin hukuma ko kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu. Har ila yau, kariya ga membobin majalisa daga gurfanar da su [kayan da ake buƙata] yana ƙarfafa cin hanci da rashawa kuma yana kare masu laifi daga hukunci.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2024}}{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2024}}

Tattaunawar jama'a game da batutuwa ta hana ta gaskiyar cewa yawancin yanke shawara na gwamnati suna faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Babu tanadi don bayyana bayanan gwamnati ga jama'a, kuma Dokar Asirin Jiha tana da ƙarfi kuma tana da cikakke. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2024}}{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2024}}

A cikin Ƙididdigar Kula da Cin Hanci da rashawa ta Gaskiya ta 2024 ta Gaskiya, wanda ya zira kwallaye 180 a kan sikelin daga 0 (&quot;mai cin hanci da rashi sosai&quot;) zuwa 100 (&quot;mai tsabta sosai&quot;), Mongolia ta zira kwallayi 33. Lokacin da aka tsara ta hanyar ci, Mongolia ta kasance ta 114 a cikin kasashe 180 a cikin Index, inda ake ganin ƙasar da ta fara zama tana da bangaren jama'a mafi gaskiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 February 2025 |title=The ABCs of the CPI: How the Corruption Perceptions Index is calculated |url=https://www.transparency.org/en/news/how-cpi-scores-are-calculated |access-date=14 June 2025 |website=Transparency.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Don kwatanta da ƙididdigar yanki, mafi kyawun ƙuri'a tsakanin ƙasashen yankin Asiya Pacific {{Refn|Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, North Korea, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Vanuatu, and Vietnam}} ya kasance 84, matsakaicin ƙuri'u ya kasance 44 kuma mafi munin ƙuri'ar ta kasance 16.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mohamed |first=Ilham |last2=Haihuie |first2=Yuambari |last3=Ulziikhuu |first3=Urantsetseg |date=11 February 2025 |title=CPI 2024 for Asia Pacific: Leaders failing to stop corruption amid an escalating climate crisis |url=https://www.transparency.org/en/news/cpi-2024-asia-pacific-leaders-failing-to-stop-corruption-amid-escalating-climate-crisis |access-date=14 June 2025 |website=Transparency.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Don kwatanta da ƙididdigar duniya, mafi kyawun ƙuri'a shi ne 90 (ranked 1), matsakaicin ƙuri'u shine 43, kuma mafi munin ƙuri'un shi ne 8 (ranked 180). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2024: Mongolia |url=https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2024/index/mng |access-date=14 June 2025 |website=Transparency.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;Na yi imani da gaske cewa abokin gaba na gaskiya na dimokuradiyya da 'yanci cin hanci da rashawa ne ... Mafi munin sata shi ne cin hanci ne wanda ke lalata haƙƙin mutane da' yanci ... Na gamsu cewa yaki da cin hanci na rashawa dole ne ya zama ɗayan mahimman ayyuka na Jihar Mongoliya a yau, &quot; Shugaba Elbegdorj ya lura a shekarar 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 June 2012 |title=Elbegdorj Addresses Dystopic Mongoliya |url=http://investorvillage.com/mbthread.asp?mb=10163&amp;tid=11787547&amp;showall=1 |access-date=29 June 2013 |publisher=Investorvillage.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Satumbar 2009 Elbegdorj ya maye gurbin Majalisar Al'umma ta Mai Zaman Kanta kan Cin Hanci da rashawa (IAAC) wanda tsohon shugaban kasar Nambaryn Enkhbayar ya kafa wanda ya hada da taurarin wasanni da kiɗa da manyan malamai yayin da yake nuna rashin gamsuwa da bincikensa game da karamin cin hanci da rashi maimakon cin hanci na siyasa. Daga nan sai ya sake tsara majalisa tare da lauyoyi masu sana'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 October 2009 |title=New community council established by the president visited IAAC |url=http://www.iaac.mn/index.php?coid=492&amp;cid=19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106040256/http://www.iaac.mn/index.php?coid=492&amp;cid=19 |archive-date=6 January 2014 |access-date=21 June 2013 |publisher=Independent Authority Against Corruption of Mongolia}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Spaces}}{{Spaces}}

Cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnati da cin zarafin iko da 'yan sanda ke yi yana da mummunar tasiri a kan' yancin shiga cikin muhawara ta jama'a. Akwai lokuta da yawa na tashin hankali na 'yan sanda ko halayyar son rai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan da suka shafi' yan siyasa na adawa, 'yan jarida, ko masu zanga-zangar, daga cikinsu:

** An yi garkuwa da D.Enkhbat daga Faransa a shekara ta 2003. Ana zarginsa da hannu a kisan S. Zorig. Hukumar leken asiri ta Mongolia ta yi garkuwa da shi daga Le Havre a shekara ta 2003, inda ta kai shi [[Berlin]], inda aka yi masa kwaya aka kawo shi cikin jirgin MIAT na yau da kullun zuwa Ulaanbaatar. Duk da haka, ba a yi masa shari'a ba don shiga cikin shari'ar Zorig. A maimakon haka, hukumomin sun ce sun daure Enkhbat ne saboda takardar shaidar lafiya da ta kai ga saki daga hukuncin da aka yanke a baya na jabu. Bugu da ƙari, an same shi da lauyansa L. Sanjaasüren da laifin tona asirin ƙasa a 2004. Enkhbat ya rasu a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2006. Ts. Nyamdorj (MPRP) ya kasance Ministan Shari'a a 2000-2008, 2008-2012. An kama B.Khurts da wasu jami’an hukumar leken asiri guda uku a Birtaniya, a karshen shekarar 2010, kuma firaministan lokacin Nambaryn Enkhbayar (MPRP) ne ya umurce shi da su yi garkuwa da D.Enkhbat daga Faransa. The
Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya tana karkashin ikon Firayim Minista ne kai tsaye. A cikin 2010 B.Khurts yana aiki a matsayin babban memba na Majalisar Tsaro ta Mongoliya kuma a ziyarar aiki a Burtaniya sannan aka mika shi zuwa Jamus a watan Agustan 2011. An sake shi a wata mai zuwa, Khurts ya koma Mongoliya kuma ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa a Mongoliya.[1] Duk kotuna masu mataki uku sun yanke wa Enkhbayar hukuncin daurin shekaru biyu da rabi a gidan yari saboda samunsa da laifin almubazzaranci, almubazzaranci, almubazzaranci da kadarorin gwamnati da rashin amfani da mukaminsa a shekarar 2012.[2] Duk da haka, ba a taɓa gwada Enkhbayar ba saboda umarninsa da aika aika aika aika D.Enkhbat daga Faransa.
 
 A tsare dan majalisar wakilai Lamjaviin Gundalai (Jam'iyyar Dimokaradiyya). A watan Agustan 2003, an tsare dan majalisar adawa L. Gundalai daga jirgi zuwa [[Koriya ta Kudu]] bayan wani rikici na tsawon mako guda da ministan shari'a na lokacin Ts. Nyamdorj (MPRP). Shaidu sun ce ‘yan sandan ba su nuna takardar kamawa ko katin shaida ba. Wani faifan bidiyo na lamarin da ake zargin ya nuna mai tsaron lafiyar Gundalai, wanda shi ma an kama shi, an shake shi, kuma an yi wa mataimakin Gundalai duka. Washegari aka sake Gundalai. [abubuwan da ake bukata]‘Yan sanda sun harbe mutane biyar ne suka mutu a lokacin dokar ta-baci da shugaba Nambaryn Enkhbayar (MPRP) da gwamnatin MPRP karkashin jagorancin Sanjaagiin Bayar (MPRP) da ministan shari’a Tsendiin Munkh-Orgil (MPRP) suka kira bayan tarzomar ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2008, wanda har yanzu ba a san hakikanin lamarin ba. Bugu da kari, akwai zargin da ‘yan sanda suka yi wa mutanen da aka kama dangane da tarzomar. [abubuwan da ake bukata]‘Yan sanda sun harbe mutane biyar ne suka mutu a lokacin dokar ta-baci da shugaba Nambaryn Enkhbayar (MPRP) da gwamnatin MPRP karkashin jagorancin Sanjaagiin Bayar (MPRP) da ministan shari’a Tsendiin Munkh-Orgil (MPRP) suka kira bayan tarzomar ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2008, wanda har yanzu ba a san hakikanin lamarin ba. Bugu da kari, akwai zargin da ‘yan sanda suka yi wa mutanen da aka kama dangane da tarzomar. [abubuwan da ake bukata]A cikin 2023-2024, Firayim Minista na Mongolia Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene ya ƙaddamar da ajandar sake fasalin sau biyu. Wannan ajanda na da nufin kawo sauyi ga tsarin shari'a da kuma tabbatar da adalci wajen rarraba albarkatun ma'adinai na kasar.[1] Yunkurin sake fasalin ya zo ne bayan hasashen cin hanci da rashawa na Mongoliya ya sami koma baya sosai, kamar yadda kungiyar Transparency International ta ruwaito.[2] Ban da haka kuma, an yi matukar nuna fushin jama'a game da yadda ake sarrafa kwal din da ake fitarwa zuwa kasar Sin ba bisa ka'ida ba, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar manyan tituna zuwa karshen shekarar 2022.[1] Sakamakon haka, an yi sauye-sauyen gudanarwa da kuma hukuncin cin hanci da rashawa a kamfanin hakar kwal na Erdenes Tavan Tolgoi mallakar gwamnati.

== 'Yancin mata ==
{{Mongolia topics}}Hukumomi ba sa tsoma baki a cikin haƙƙin iyalai don yin nasu yanke shawara game da haihuwa da girma. Yawancin mata suna da damar samun kulawa ta haihuwa, amma akwai matsaloli masu yawa game da lokutan jira, sirri, da rashin ƙwarewa daga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya.

Mata da yawa sune manyan masu ba da abinci ga iyalansu. Dokar Mongoliya ta bayyana cewa maza da mata ya kamata su sami albashi daidai don yin aiki iri ɗaya kuma su ji daɗin samun damar samun ilimi iri ɗaya, kodayake an hana mata daga wasu ayyukan da suka shafi aiki na jiki ko waɗanda ke da haɗari sosai kuma an ba mata damar yin ritaya a shekaru 55, shekaru biyar kafin maza.

Bisa ka'ida, mata suna da daidaitattun hakkoki a cikin kisan aure kuma suna da damar samun alimony, amma mazaje galibi ana ba su damar riƙe cikakken iko da kasuwancin iyali bayan kisan aure. Ba a samun saki ga matan da ke da ciki ko kuma suna da ɗa a ƙarƙashin shekara ɗaya.  (Mataki na 12.2 na Dokar Iyali ta 1999) Babu wata hukuma da ke da alhakin kare haƙƙin mata, ammah akwai Cibiyar Jima'i ta Kasa da ke ƙarƙashin Ofishin Firayim Minista da sauran majalisun da kwamitocin da suka shafi batutuwan mata. Har ila yau, akwai kungiyoyin kare hakkin mata masu aiki da kuma bayyana kansu.&lt;ref name=&quot;2010 Human Rights Report: Mongolia&quot;/&gt;

Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambanci ga mata ya nuna damuwa a cikin wani rahoto na 2008 cewa &quot;mata suna ɗauke da nauyin nauyin iyali a cikin mahallin manufofin Jiha kan ci gaban yawan jama'a wanda ke ƙarfafa iyalai masu girma. &quot; Kwamitin ya bukaci Mongolia &quot;don karfafa kokarin kawar da al'adun gargajiya game da matsayi da alhakin mata da maza a cikin iyali da al'umma&quot; da kuma inganta &quot;daidaitaccen rabawa na gida da iyali, gami da ra'ayin haɗin gwiwar iyaye tsakanin mata da maza&quot;.

Kwamitin ya kuma bukaci &quot;a aiwatar da Dokar yaki da tashin hankali na cikin gida&quot; kuma ya yi kira ga Mongolia &quot;don tabbatar da cewa duk matan da ke fama da tashin hankali a cikin gida, gami da matan karkara, suna da damar yin amfani da hanyoyin gyarawa da kariya, gami le umarnin kariya, samun damar samun mafaka da taimakon likita da gyaran jiki a duk sassan kasar&quot; da kuma &quot;don tabbatar wa jami'aikatan gwamnati, musamman ma'aikatan tilasta musu yin amfani da su don cin zarafin mata da ya dace da cin zarafin da cin zarafi.

== Hakkin yara ==
Akwai yaduwar tashin hankali ga yara da cin zarafin jima'i da su, musamman a cikin iyalai na matalauta, kuma sau da yawa lamarin ne cewa hukumomi ba sa ɗaukar waɗannan laifuka da muhimmanci. Har ila yau, karuwancin yara ya zama ruwan dare, kuma a wasu lokuta jami'an 'yan sanda suna cikin rikice-rikice tare da masu karuwanci da gidajen karuwai. Wasu yara masu karuwanci, maimakon samun taimako daga hukumomi, an hukunta su saboda karuwanci. Akwai marayu da yawa, kuma watsar da yara babbar matsala ce, tare da doka ba ta ba da wani abin hanawa don hana wannan laifi ba. Daruruwan yara suna zaune a kan titi, kuma gidajen yara ba su da kyau. Yara da ke zaune a mafaka ba a tura su makarantu ba, kuma yara ba tare da ID mai kyau ba ana hana su magani a asibitoci. Akwai sabon shirin da ake tallafawa masu zaman kansu don samar da makaranta da kuma yin wasa ga yara a cikin mafaka amma babu wanda gwamnati ta ba da kuɗin ko ta fara.

Mongolia ba ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Hague ta Shekarar 1980 kan Al'amuran Jama'a na Kasuwancin Yara na Duniya ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;2010 Human Rights Report: Mongolia&quot;/&gt; Duk da haka, ya sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara kuma tun daga shekara ta 2003 ya zartar da dokoki da yawa a kokarin daidaitawa da yarjejeniyar, daga cikinsu Dokar Rigakafi daga Rashin Iodine ta hanyar Salt Iodization, Dokar Rigakafin HIV / AIDS, Dokar a kan Maza, da Dokar Taimako ta Kudi ga Yara da Iyali, kuma ta gyara Dokar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a, Dokar Ilimi, da Dokar Laifuka don dacewa da Yarjejeniyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations Report |url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/CRC-C-MNG-CO-3-4.pdf |access-date=January 3, 2013 |website=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Batun [[aikin yara]] ma yana da mahimmanci a Mongoliya. A zahiri, kashi 13.8% na yara masu shekaru 5 zuwa 14 yara ne masu aiki bisa ga rahoton Ma'aikatar Ma'aikata ta Amurka na 2013. Kusan kashi 86% na waɗannan yara suna cikin ayyukan noma yayin da wasu ke fuskantar haɗarin masana'antar hakar ma'adinai, suna tono zinariya, kwal da fluorspar. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014, Jerin Kayan Sashen da aka samar ta hanyar Ayyukan Yara ko Ayyukan tilas sun nuna ci gaba da amfani da aikin yara a cikin waɗannan bangarorin.

== Hakkin LGBT ==
Ba a haramta luwadi a bayyane ba, amma akwai doka game da &quot;ba da sha'awar jima'i&quot;. Cibiyar LGBT ta caje gwamnati da saka idanu kan asusun imel na membobin.&lt;ref name=&quot;2010 Human Rights Report: Mongolia&quot;/&gt; A shekara ta 2009, Human Rights Watch ta yi kira ga ministan shari'a na Mongolia da ya &quot;buɗe shawarar da hukumar jihar ta yanke na ƙin buƙatar rajista ta hukuma ta Cibiyar Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual da Transgender, ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa,&quot; yana mai lura da cewa &quot;cibiyar ba za ta iya aiki a cikin ƙasar ba tare da wannan rajista ba. &quot;Dalilin da ya saita bukatar cewa sunan cibiyar &quot;tana da ma'anar da ke sabawa da al'adun Mongolian da al'adu kuma tana da damar kafa misali mara kyau ga matasa da matasa da matasa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mongolia Rebuffs Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Organization |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2009/07/09/mongolia-rebuffs-lesbian-gay-bisexual-and-transgender-organization |access-date=January 4, 2013 |website=Human Rights Watch}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hakkin ma'aikata ==
Ma'aikata suna da 'yancin yin aiki da yajin aiki, kodayake wannan haƙƙin yana da iyaka ga baƙi, ma'aikatan gwamnati, ma'aikata ba tare da kwangilar aiki ba, da ma'aikatan da ke ba da sabis na mahimmanci. An yi amfani da matsin lamba da cin zarafi don hana kafa kungiyoyin kwadago ko hana zanga-zangar kungiyar kwadago, kuma an kori shugaban kungiyar kwadago saboda jagorantar yajin aiki a shekarar 2010. An ba da izinin yin ciniki tare. Aikin tilas ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, amma yana faruwa. Daruruwan Koriya ta Arewa da ke aiki a masana'antu, ma'adinai, da sauran ayyuka ta hanyar tsari tare da gwamnatinsu ba su da 'yancin barin ko gunaguni game da ayyukansu.

Dokar ta haramta aikin yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 14 kuma ta iyakance aikin tsofaffi, ammah tilasta wa tilasta wa yara da yawa yin aiki a gine-gine da ma'adinai. Saboda watsar da iyaye, yara da yawa suna da alhakin tallafa wa kansu ta hanyar aiki a matsayin makiyaya ko a wasu ayyuka. Ana kuma amfani da 'yan wasan yara a tseren dawakai.

Akwai mafi karancin albashi, ammah yana da ƙanƙanta kuma ma'aikata da yawa suna biyan kuɗi kaɗan. Har ila yau, akwai dokoki da ke saita matsakaicin mako na aiki da sauran iyakoki. Babu dokoki da ke kula da hutun rashin lafiya. Yin amfani da dokokin kiwon lafiya da tsaro na aiki bai isa ba, kuma yanayin da yawancin baƙi ke aiki, musamman ma ma'aikatan Koriya ta Arewa da na kasar Sin da ke aiki a fannoni kamar hakar ma'adinai da gine-gine, suna ƙasa da misali.&lt;ref name=&quot;2010 Human Rights Report: Mongolia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2010 Human Rights Report: Mongolia |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/eap/154394.htm |access-date=January 3, 2013 |website=US Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Human Rights Watch, yana mai ambaton wani rahoto cewa gwamnatocin Mongoliya da Koriya ta Arewa sun amince da wani tsari wanda har zuwa 5300 Koriya ta Kudu za su yi aiki a Mongolia, ya yi kira ga Mongolia a cikin 2008 da ta &quot;kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da na Koriya ta North da ke zuwa Mongolia don yin aiki, yana lura da cewa Koriya ta arewa da ke aiki a ƙarƙashin irin wannan shirye-shiryen &quot;suna fuskantar ƙuntatawa mai tsanani kan 'yancin faɗakarwa, da haɗin kai&quot; kuma sau da yawa sun kasance &quot;a ƙarƙashin kulawar ma' yancin Koriya ta Koriya ta gaba da su&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mongolia: Protect Rights of North Korean Migrant Workers |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2008/08/19/mongolia-protect-rights-north-korean-migrant-workers |access-date=January 4, 2013 |website=Human Rights Watch}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tasirin hakar ma'adinai akan haƙƙin ɗan adam ==
Wani rahoto daga Ƙungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a shekara ta 2006 ya lura cewa yayin da &quot;Sashen hakar ma'adinai na Mongolia ya zama wani muhimmin bangare na ci gaban tattalin arzikin Mongolia a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, ba a gudanar da wannan ci gaban tattalin arziki a hanyar da ta dace ba ... tare da [Millennium] Manufar 9 don 'ƙarfafa haƙƙin ɗan adam' a Mongoliya. Daga cikin abubuwan da aka gano shi sun kasance cewa lalacewar makiyaya da albarkatun ƙasa sakamakon hakar ma ya lalata yanayin makiyaya kuma ba su damar samun su ba, ba su da kuma kula da lafiyarsu na dā, ba su ba su ba, suna da ƙarin lokaci don samun damar samun dama ga ayyukanta, suna ba su ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;HUrights Osaka&quot;/&gt;{{Spaces}}

Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kasa ta Mongolia ta gudanar da taron kwana uku a Ulaanbaatar a watan Oktoba na Shekarar 2012 don nazarin &quot;tasirin haƙƙin ɗan adam na sashin hakar ma'adinai na kasar da ke tasowa&quot;. Wakilan gwamnati da masana'antu, tare da membobin kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na duniya, sun tattauna gaskiyar cewa &quot;masu makiyaya da yawa a yankunan hakar ma-suna sun tabbatar da tasirin waɗannan canje-canjen hakar ma a cikin yanayin hakar ma ma'adanai na baya-bayan nan, musamman, haƙƙin su na rayuwa da kuma suna da kuma suna fuskantar tasirin su na hakar maɓalli na hakar hakar ma 'yanci'adinai'adinai masu saurin'adinai da kuma suna nan'adinai suna da kuma abubuwan da kuma suna fama da'adinai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Promoting human rights in Mongolia's mining sector |url=http://www.asiapacificforum.net/news/promoting-human-rights-in-mongolias-mining-sector |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202132620/http://www.asiapacificforum.net/news/promoting-human-rights-in-mongolias-mining-sector |archive-date=December 2, 2012 |access-date=January 5, 2013 |website=Asia Pacific Forum}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mining and Human Rights in Mongolia: Gobi Herders speak out |url=http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/?p=1442 |access-date=January 5, 2013 |website=The UB Post |archive-date=April 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411200600/http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/?p=1442 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani memba na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Kasuwanci, a lokacin ziyarar da ya kai yankunan hakar ma'adinai a Mongoliya a cikin Shekara ta 2012, ya lura da &quot;rashin fahimta game da matsayi da nauyin da gwamnati da kasuwanci ke da shi game da' yancin ɗan adam. A yawancin al'ummomin hakar ma- hakar ma na jin cewa kamfanoni za a gina asibitoci da makarantu a cikin rayukansu, ba tare da wani ambaton alhakin gwamnati na yin hakan ba. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mining and Human Rights in Mongolia: Gobi Herders speak out |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=12674&amp;LangID=E |access-date=January 5, 2013 |website=The UB Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2012, Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da Ci Gaban Asiya da kungiyar membobinta ta Mongoliya, Cibiyar Kare Kare Hakkin dan Adam da Ci gaba, sun binciki &quot;yanayin masu kare hakkin dan adam ... suna aiki a kan take hakkin dan adam dangane da ayyukan hakar ma'adinai a Mongolia. &quot; Masu binciken sun fuskanci take da yawa, gami da haƙƙin zama a cikin yanayi mai aminci da aminci; don samun damar yin amfani da al'adarai, sun kasance tare da su, don karewa; don karewa da al'adunsu; don kare su; don kare dukiyarsu; don tabbatar da su; don tabbatarwa; don tabbatar wa masu bincike a cikin binciken su; don kiyayewa; don kiyaye su; don yin yanke shawara a cikin masu bincike na gida; don kare lafiyarsu; don kiyaye masu bincike; don tabbatar musu da adalci;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mongolia Mining Issues |url=http://www.forum-asia.org/uploads/books/2012/december/FA-FFM-2012-Mongolia-HRDsWorkingonMiningIssues-ExecutiveSummary-FINAL.pdf |website=Forum - Asia}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Spaces}}

== Hakkin mutanen da ke neman mafaka ko matsayin 'yan gudun hijira ==
Mongolia ba ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar 1951 da ta shafi Matsayin 'Yan Gudun Hijira ba ko Yarjejeniyar 1967 da ta shafi Yanayin' Yan Gudun Hijiri, amma kundin tsarin mulkinta ya amince da haƙƙin mafaka kuma gwamnati tana ba da mafaka ga mutanen da aka tsananta a kasashensu saboda launin fata, addini, da sauran halaye daban-daban. Koyaya, ana bi da 'yan gudun hijira a hukumance a matsayin baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma ba su da damar samun kulawa ta likita, samun ilimi, ko yin aiki. kuma ba a yarda su yi aiki ba. Irin waɗannan mutane na iya neman zama ɗan ƙasar Mongolia, amma sau da yawa ana ɗaukar lokaci fiye da matsakaicin watanni shida da ya kamata ya ɗauka bisa ga doka.&lt;ref name=&quot;2010 Human Rights Report: Mongolia&quot;/&gt;

== 'Yancin mutanen da aka kama ==
Kodayake doka ta haramta, kamawa da gangan yana faruwa. Yawancin Mongolians ba su san hakkinsu a karkashin doka ba idan ya zo ga irin waɗannan batutuwa. Cin zarafin da 'yan sanda ke yi gabaɗaya ba a bincika shi ba saboda rashin isasshen albarkatu ko kuma murkushe irin wannan ƙoƙarin da' yan sanda ke yi. Bugu da ƙari, yayin da takardar izinin da kotu ta bayar ta zama abin da ake buƙata don kamawa a ƙarƙashin dokar Mongoliya, yawancin kamawa ana yin su ba tare da takardar shaidar ba. Dokokin da ke buƙatar umarnin kotu don riƙe batutuwa sama da kwana uku kuma suna buƙatar hukumomi su sanar da wadanda ake zargi game da tuhumar da ake yi musu ana bin su gabaɗaya.

Akwai tsarin beli. Wadanda ake tuhuma da ba za su iya biyan lauya ba suna da damar samun wakilci da kotu ta nada, kodayake yawancin wadanda ake tuhuma ba su da masaniya game da wannan haƙƙin kuma ba a gaya musu game da shi, yayin da wasu ba sa amfani da wannan damar saboda ba sa amincewa da lauyoyin da kotu ta zaba don wakiltar su yadda ya kamata. 'Yan sanda galibi suna amfani da tashin hankali yayin da suke kama mutane.&lt;ref name=&quot;2010 Human Rights Report: Mongolia&quot;/&gt; Wani rahoto na [[UNESCO]] da aka bayar a shekara ta 2005 ya lura cewa yayin da Mongolia ta nemi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan don kawo dokokinta daidai da ka'idodin haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya, har yanzu ya zama ruwan dare ga masu aikata laifuka su fuskanci &quot; azabtarwa da rashin kulawa&quot; da kuma &quot;masu aikata laifukan suna jin daɗin rashin hukunci&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Human Rights Commission of Mongolia |url=http://www.mn-nhrc.org/eng/28/37/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202100055/http://www.mn-nhrc.org/eng/28/37/ |archive-date=December 2, 2012 |access-date=January 5, 2013 |website=Recommendations by UN treaty bodies}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== 'Yancin mutane a shari'a ==
Kodayake dokar Mongoliya ta tsara tsarin kotu mai zaman kanta da haƙƙin shari'ar adalci ta alƙali, cin hanci da rashawa na shari'a, gami da saukin cin hanci na cin hanci, matsala ce mai girma, musamman a matakin Kotun Koli. Babu shari'ar juriya; wadanda ake tuhuma suna da damar yin tambayoyi ga shaidu, bayar da shaida, da kuma shigar da kara, kodayake ana yanke wa mutane da yawa hukunci sakamakon tilasta ikirarin.&lt;ref name=&quot;2010 Human Rights Report: Mongolia&quot;/&gt; A cewar Amnesty International, lauyoyi da jami'an gwamnati sun bayyana kotunan Mongoliya a matsayin masu cin hanci da rashawa kuma sun ce shari'o'i galibi ba daidai ba ne, ana amfani da su a matsayin shaida da aka samu ta hanyar azabtarwa. Gidajen tsare-tsare ba sa samar da isasshen tanadi don tarurruka na sirri tsakanin wadanda ake tuhuma da lauyoyin su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Annual Report 2012 |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/mongolia/report-2012#page |access-date=January 5, 2013 |website=Amnesty International}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== 'Yancin fursunoni ==
Yanayi a kurkuku da wuraren tsare-tsare ba su da kyau, kodayake a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an yi ƙoƙari don ingantawa. Ana yawan tsare manya da yara tare. Cin zarafi ya zama ruwan dare, kamar yadda yawan jama'a, iska mara kyau, ƙarancin tsabta, da rashin isasshen kulawa ta likita. Fursunoni da ke yin lokaci ba sa samun magani, koda a karkashin mummunar rashin lafiya ko rauni. Babu wata doka ga irin wannan haƙƙin ɗan adam. Fursunoni suna jin daɗin yin ibada, karɓar baƙi, gabatar da korafe-korafe.&lt;ref name=&quot;2010 Human Rights Report: Mongolia&quot;/&gt; Masu sukar kamar mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da azabtarwa, Manfred Novak, sun soki gidajen kurkuku na Mongolia akai-akai, musamman ma yanayin da ke kewaye da hukuncin kisa, kamar yadda ya zama azzalumi da rashin mutunci. Laifuka daban-daban hamsin da tara, ciki har da ayyukan ta'addanci, kisan kare dangi, fyade, sabuntawa, da kisan kai ana hukunta su da hukuncin kisa har zuwa shekara ta 2012, kodayake babu wani kisa da ya faru bayan shekara ta 2010, lokacin da shugaban ya sanya dakatarwar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Amnesty International&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mongolia takes 'vital step forward' in abolishing the death penalty |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/mongolia-takes-vital-step-forward-abolishing-death-penalty-2012-01-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122125250/http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/mongolia-takes-vital-step-forward-abolishing-death-penalty-2012-01-05 |archive-date=2012-11-22 |access-date=December 5, 2013 |website=Amnesty International}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani batun zargi shi ne gaskiyar cewa Dokar Asirin Jiha da Dokar Jerin Asirin Jihohi sun rufe amfani da hukuncin kisa, wanda ke nufin cewa an ɓoye kididdigar kisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Amnesty International&quot; /&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* 'Yanci na addini a Mongolia
* Sadarwa a Mongolia

== Bayani ==

== manazarta ==

== Haɗin waje ==

* [http://www.amnesty.mn Amnesty International: Mongolia]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051217230919/http://web.amnesty.org/report2005/mng-summary-eng Rahoton Amnesty International: Hare-haren kan 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]
* [[International Freedom of Expression Exchange|IFEX]].org/en/content/view/full/154/&quot; id=&quot;mwAwU&quot; rel=&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow&quot;&gt;Censorship a Mongolia: IFEX
* Globe International - Kungiyar kare 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki a Mongolia
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Guguwar Hudah</title>
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'''Guguwar ''Hudaa''''' mai karfi da lalata ta wurare masu zafi ce da ta shafi tudun maso gabashin Afirka a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2000. Ita ce ta ƙarshe a cikin jerin guguwa uku da suka shafi [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]] a cikin shekara. Hudah ta fara ne a matsayin rikici da aka saka a cikin Rashin ruwan sama a ranar 22 ga watan Maris, a cikin yankin guguwar guguwa na yankin [[Asturaliya|Australia]]. Motsawa zuwa yamma a sakamakon tsaunuka masu karfi a kudu, guguwar ta yi sauri, kuma ta kai matakin guguwa na 2 a ranar 25 ga Maris kafin ta shiga yankin guguwar Kudu maso Yammacin Indiya. Saboda dalilai daban-daban da ba a sani ba, an sanya guguwar ne kawai a matsayin suna a lokacin da ta tsallaka cikin yankin da ke da alhakin Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Yanayi a Réunion. Duk da haka, Météo-France (MFR) ya sanya sunan Hudah ga guguwar. An kafa ido, kuma guguwar ta kara karfi a cikin guguwa mai zafi a ranar 27 ga Maris zuwa kudu maso gabashin Diego Garcia. A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, MFR ta inganta shi zuwa guguwa mai karfi na wurare masu zafi, yana kimanta yawan iskõki na minti 10 na {{Convert|225|km/h|mph}} km / h (140 . Sabanin haka, Cibiyar Gargadi ta Hadari (JTWC) ta kiyasta iska ta minti 1 na {{Convert|235|km/h|mph}} km / h (146 . A wannan lokacin, MFR ta kiyasta matsin ya kasance 905 hPa (mbar), yana mai da Hudah mafi tsananin guguwa a duniya a cikin 2000. Guguwar Hudah ta ci gaba da iska har sai da ta sauka a kudu maso gabashin [[Antalaha|Antalaha, Madagascar]] a ranar 2 ga Afrilu. Ya raunana sosai a kan ƙasa, amma ya sake samun matsayin guguwa mai zafi a ranar 5 ga Afrilu bayan ya koma kan Tashar Mozambique. Hudah ya kai iska ta minti 10 na {{Convert|160|km/h|mph}} km / h (99 mph) a lokacin da ya sauka a Mozambique kusa da Pebane, Mozambique, a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, kuma ya ɓace washegari.

Yayinda yake kusa, Hudah ya kawo iska mai matsakaici zuwa Rodrigues, St. Brandon, da Tsibirin Tromelin. Guguwar ta shafi sassan Madagascar waɗanda guguwar Eline da Gloria suka shafa a baya. Raƙuman ruwa sun kai akalla {{Convert|8|m|ft}}   a tsawo tare da bakin teku. An yi la'akari da guguwar mafi muni da ta shafi yankin Antalaha a cikin shekaru 20, inda aka lalata kashi 90% na gidaje. An kiyasta cewa guguwar ta bar akalla mutane 100,000 ba tare da gida ba a Madagascar, kuma akwai mutuwar 111. A Mozambique, lalacewar ta kasance ƙasa da yadda ake tsammani, kuma guguwar ta shafi yankunan da ke arewacin ƙasar fiye da inda Eline ya buge. Ruwan sama mai yawa ya faru a bakin tekun, amma bai isa ya haifar da ambaliyar kogi ba. Iska mai karfi ta lalata rufin da itatuwa, galibi a kusa da Pebane, kuma guguwar ta kashe mutane uku.

== Tarihin yanayi ==

== Shirye-shiryen, tasiri, da kuma sakamakonsa ==
[[Fayil:Cyclone_Hudah_7_Apr_2000_0456z.png|thumb|Guguwar Hudah ta sake karuwa a cikin Tashar Mozambique a ranar 7 ga Afrilu]]

=== Tsibirin Rodrigues, Saint Brandon, da Tsibirin Tromelin ===
Da yake wucewa arewacin tsibirin Rodrigues a ranar 30 ga watan Maris, Hudah ya samar da iskõki masu matsakaici, kodayake tasirin ababen more rayuwa da amfanin gona a tsibirin ba su da yawa. A cikin dare na rana mai zuwa, Hudah ya wuce kusa da tsibirin [[St Brandon|Saint Brandon]]. Wani tashar yanayi a tsibirin da Mauritius Meteorological Services ke kula da shi ya ba da rahoton mafi ƙarancin matsin lamba na kusan {{Convert|996|mbar|hPa inHg}}    da kuma matsakaicin ma'aunin iska na {{Convert|70|km/h|mph}} km / h (43 . A cikin dare na 1 ga Afrilu, guguwar ta wuce kusan {{Convert|35|km|mi}} (22  kudu da [[Tromelin Island|Tsibirin Tromelin]], ta samar da iska mai karfi. Wani tashar Météo-France a tsibirin ya rubuta iskar da ta ci gaba ta {{Convert|125|km/h|mph}} km / h (78  da kuma guguwa na {{Convert|180|km/h|mph}} km / h (110 . An kuma rubuta mafi ƙarancin matsin lamba na {{Convert|972|mbar|hPa inHg}}   . Saboda rashin ababen more rayuwa mai ɗorewa a kan tsibirai biyu na ƙarshe, lalacewar ba ta da yawa.

=== Madagascar ===
Yayin da guguwar ta kusanci [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]] a ranar 2 ga Afrilu, Rediyon Madagascar ya yi kira ga mazaunan Toamasina da su dauki matakan kariya. A lokacin, hasashen ya yi hasashen cewa Hudah zai sauka a arewacin Madagascar daga baya a wannan rana.&lt;ref&gt;
2000 JTWC Annual Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (JTWC Annual Tropical Cyclone Reports). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2000. p. 305. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2013.

Padgett, Gary (March 2000). &quot;Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary March 2000&quot;. Global Tropical Cyclones Summaries and Operational Track Data. Australiasevereweather.com. Retrieved 25 May 2013.

Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre. &quot;Tropical Cyclone Hudah&quot; (PDF). Perth, Australia: Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 25 May 2013.

&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mozambique ===
Yayinda Hudah ke cikin tashar Mozambique, ana sa ran guguwar za ta haifar da yanayin ambaliyar ruwa a lardunan Mozambican na Nampula, Cabo Delgado, da kuma yiwuwar Zambezia. Ko da kafin Hudah, Mozambique ta riga ta fuskanci ambaliyar ruwa da kuma rikice-rikicen jin kai; yanayin da guguwa uku na wurare masu zafi suka kara tsanantawa wanda ya shafi kasar a cikin watanni hudu da suka gabata. Cibiyar National de Gestão de Calamidades (INGC) ta gargadi mazauna yankunan da ke iya shafa da su dauki matakan kariya da kuma tabbatar da jiragen kamun kifi.&lt;ref name=&quot;SouthAfricaFloods4Apr&quot; /&gt; Sojojin Tsaro na Afirka ta Kudu (SANDF) sun kula da sojoji 50 da sauran ma'aikatan soja da jiragen sama da yawa don saka idanu kan ambaliyar ruwa da ke gudana a Mozambique da kuma tasirin da Hudah ke iya samu. Wani gaggawa na Australiya ya gudanar da ayyuka don asibiti da masana'antar tsarkake ruwa a Chibuto don taimakawa mutanen da ke iya kamuwa da cutar. Sauran kungiyoyin agaji da yawa sun fara samar da Mozambique da kayan agaji saboda barazanar guguwar da ke gabatowa. Shirin Abinci na Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (WFP) ya aika da tan 1,000 (1,100 gajeren tan) na abinci zuwa Lardin Nampula da kuma tan 500 (gajeren tan 550) na abinci zuwa Lardin Quelimane. Har ila yau, WFP ta sanya jirgin sama na agaji a shirye. Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta [[Mozambik]] ta aika da alfarwa 30 da 10 na filastik zuwa lardunan Cabo Delgado, Nampula, da Zambezia.&lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; data-linkid=&quot;304&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Maputo, Mozambique&quot; cx-link href=&quot;./Maputo,_Mozambique&quot; mw-redirect&gt;[[Maputo]]\&quot; id=\&quot;mwA3U\&quot;&gt;&quot;  &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;4&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; Hukumar Kula da Ci Gaban Kasa da Kasa ta Amurka (USAID) ta aika da ƙungiyar bincike da ceto mai mambobi 12 zuwa Maputo don horar da ma'aikatan agaji na cikin gida.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Dokar aure-mai fyade</title>
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Dokar aure-mai fyade, dokar aure-mai fyaɗe, ko [[Dokoki game da fyade|Dokar fyade]]-auren fyade doka ce ta fyade a cikin ikon da mutumin da ya yi fyade, cin zarafin jima'i, fyade, satar mutane ko wasu irin wannan aikin ya wanke idan ya auri matar da aka azabtar, ko a wasu hukunce-hukunce aƙalla ya ba da damar auren ta. Dokar &quot;auren-mai fyade&quot; wata hanya ce ta doka ga wanda ake tuhuma don kauce wa gurfanar da shi ko hukunci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mellen |first=Ruby |date=March–April 2017 |title=The Rapist's Loophole: Marriage |journal=Foreign Policy |issue=223 |page=20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kodayake an ƙirƙiro sharuɗɗan wannan sabon abu ne kawai a cikin shekarun 2010,     aikin ya wanzu a cikin tsarin shari'a da yawa a tarihi, kuma yana ci gaba da wanzuwa a wasu al'ummomi a yau a cikin siffofi daban-daban. Irin waɗannan dokoki sun zama ruwan dare a duniya har zuwa shekarun 1970. Tun daga ƙarshen karni na 20, an ƙara kalubalanci sauran dokokin wannan nau'in kuma an soke su a kasashe da yawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sengupta&quot; /&gt; Dokokin da ke ba da izinin kotuna su ba da izini ga auren yara saboda ciki na yarinya lokacin da ta kasa [[Shekarar yarda|shekarun yarda]], yawanci tare da yardar iyaye, na iya zama hanya ga mai fyade na doka don kauce wa gurfanar da shi don fyade na shari'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 February 2023 |title=Pregnant and married at 13, former 'child bride' fights the practice still legal in 43 states |url=https://www.today.com/parents/teens/former-child-bride-speaks-practice-legal-43-states-rcna71843}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Yawancin ƙasashe a duniya ba su da waɗannan dokoki, kuma, tun daga 2021, an yi imanin cewa 20 ne kawai ke da su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Sarah |date=14 April 2021 |title='Marry your rapist' laws in 20 countries still allow perpetrators to escape justice |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/apr/14/marry-your-rapist-laws-in-20-countries-still-allow-perpetrators-to-escape-justice |access-date=8 November 2022 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yawancin masu fafutuka da kungiyoyi sun yi imanin cewa waɗannan dokoki sun keta mutuncin mata kuma sun ƙasƙantar da su ta hanyar ba da damar sayar da su a matsayin dukiya tsakanin iyalai, yana nuna cewa fyade ba laifi ne mai tsanani ba, kuma yana zargin wanda aka azabtar ba mai aikata ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Repealing 'marry your rapist' laws |url=https://www.equalitynow.org/repealing_marry_your_rapist_laws/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=Equality Now |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaban kare hakkin dan adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein, ya ce a shekarar 2017 cewa &quot;[ azabtar da] wanda aka yi wa fyade ta hanyar sanya ta ta auri mai aikata mummunar laifi a kanta - babu wani wuri a duniyar yau don irin waɗannan mugun dokoki&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=End in sight for &quot;marry your rapist&quot; laws |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/stories/2017/08/end-sight-marry-your-rapist-laws |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=OHCHR |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, waɗanda ke adawa da dokokin fyade-auren ba su yi tunanin cewa ya kamata a bar wadanda aka azabtar da su ji wannan hanyar bayan sun sha wahala, ko kuma suna jin bukatar rufe harin ta hanyar auren mai aikata laifin. Masu adawa da su suna da'awar cewa dokokin suna inganta rashin hukunci ga fyade, kuma suna ci gaba da azabtar da wadanda aka yi wa fyade. Don haka, darajar ''zamantakewa'' mata, kamar yadda masu goyon baya ke ba da girmamawa ta iyali, tsabtar mata da matsayin aure, suna rikici da ikirarin abokan adawar 'yancin mata ga farin ciki, 'yanci da ikon cin gashin kai. A cewar Purna Sen, darektan manufofi na Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, an zartar da waɗannan dokoki don daidaita ayyukan jima'i ba bisa ka'ida ba. Suna sa jima'i ya fi girmamawa a cikin al'umma saboda ana ɗaukarsa matsala a cikin al-adu kaɗan. Kasashen da ke da waɗannan dokoki sun fada ƙarƙashin rukunin ƙasashe marasa ci gaba da ƙasashe masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.

Matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa ciki har da PTSD, rikice-rikice na damuwa, ciwon rauni na fyade, da rikice-rikicen baƙin ciki sun zama ruwan dare a cikin wadanda aka yi wa fyade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lp |first=Chen |last2=Mh |first2=Murad |last3=Ml |first3=Paras |last4=Km |first4=Colbenson |last5=Al |first5=Sattler |last6=En |first6=Goranson |last7=Mb |first7=Elamin |last8=Rj |first8=Seime |last9=G |first9=Shinozaki |last10=Lj |first10=Prokop |last11=A |first11=Zirakzadeh |date=July 2010 |title=Sexual abuse and lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings |language=en |volume=85 |issue=7 |pages=618–629 |doi=10.4065/mcp.2009.0583 |issn=1942-5546 |pmc=2894717 |pmid=20458101}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani binciken da aka yi a Taiwan ya nuna cewa wadanda abin ya shafa sun ji tsoron yin magana game da harin da suka yi musu, sun ji laifi don kunyatar da iyalansu, sun sami kunya ta jima'i da kuma zargi da kansu, kuma sun sami ra'ayoyi marasa kyau game da kansu a matsayin mata.&lt;ref name=&quot;Marrying My Rapist?!&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Luo |first=Tsun-Yin |date=1 August 2000 |title='Marrying My Rapist?!' |journal=Gender &amp; Society |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=581–597 |doi=10.1177/089124300014004006 |s2cid=145079954}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masu ba da shawara game da dokokin fyade-auren suna jayayya cewa suna kare wanda aka azabtar da iyalinta daga kunyar fyade. Wannan ya dogara ne akan ra'ayin cewa idan aka yi wa yarinya ko mace fyade, laifinta ne kuma ta haka ne ta kawo iyalinta cikin rashin suna. A sakamakon haka, mata da yawa ba sa bayar da rahoton cin zarafin su na jima'i saboda suna tsoron wannan kunya, da kuma yiwuwar wani dangi ya kashe su. Idan mace kawai ta auri mai fyade, sai ta adana sunan iyalinta kuma ta guje wa rayuwar kunya ta jima'i. Wannan ra'ayi ya wanzu duk da shaidu da yawa da ke akwai cewa zargi wanda aka azabtar yana haifar da kunya, ba'a, da damuwa ta hankali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-05-26 |title=Victim Blaming {{!}} Sexual Assault Centre Of Edmonton |url=https://www.sace.ca/learn/victim-blaming/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Tsohon zamani ===
A al'ada, auren mai aikata laifin da wanda aka yi wa fyade bayan fyade ana ganin shi a matsayin &quot;ƙuduri&quot; mai dacewa na halin da ake ciki. Daga cikin al'adun gargajiya [[Budurci|Budurwa]] tana da daraja sosai, kuma mace da aka yi wa fyade ba ta da damar yin aure. Wadannan dokoki sun tilasta wa mai fyade ya samar da wanda aka azabtar.

==== Dokar Hammurabi da Dokokin Assuriya ta Tsakiya ====
An kirkiro [[Hammurabi]]&quot; Dokar Hammurabi a kusa da 1750 KZ (tsakanin lokaci), wanda ake zaton sarki Hammurabi na [[First Babylonian Empire|Daular Babila ta farko]] ne. A cikin Hammurabi §156, mace ta yi alkawarin aure ga wani mutum, amma mahaifin mutumin ya yi jima'i da ita kafin su yi aure. Wannan labarin bai bayyana ko mace ta yarda ta yi jima'i da mahaifin saurayinta ba, kuma matar ta sami damar zabar wane namiji da ta auri, don haka ko wannan doka ce ta fyade ana kalubalantar ta: :{{Rp|150}}
{{Blockquote|156. If a seignior chose a bride for his son and his son did not have intercourse with her, but he himself has lain in her bosom, he shall pay to her one-half mina of silver and he shall make good to her whatever she brought from her father's house in order that the man of her choice may marry her. (Pritchard, ''[[Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament]]'' (1969), p. 172.)&lt;ref name=&quot;Scholz 2021&quot;/&gt;{{rp|150}}}}
Dokokin Assuriya ta Tsakiya (MAL) an haɓaka su tsakanin 1450 da 1250 KZ a Daular Assuriya ta Tsakiya .  :{{Rp|272}} Dokar ta 55, MAL 55, ta tsara cewa idan wani mutum &quot;ya kama da karfi kuma ya lalata&quot; budurwa budurwa wacce ba ta yi aure ba ko kuma ta nemi ta yi aure kuma ta zauna a gidan mahaifinta, za a ba mahaifin budurwa damar 'ba da' matar mai aikata laifin a matsayin fansa kuma ya dauke ta a matsayin karin matar. Idan mai aikata laifin ba shi da matarsa, mahaifin zai iya auren 'yarsa ga mai aikata laicin don &quot; (ƙarin) na uku a azurfa ... a matsayin darajar budurwa&quot;, ko kuma ga wani mutumin da mahaifin ya zaɓa don wannan farashi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Scholz 2021&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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Dokar aure-mai fyade, dokar aure-mai fyaɗe, ko [[Dokoki game da fyade|Dokar fyade]]-auren fyade doka ce ta fyade a cikin ikon da mutumin da ya yi fyade, cin zarafin jima'i, fyade, satar mutane ko wasu irin wannan aikin ya wanke idan ya auri matar da aka azabtar, ko a wasu hukunce-hukunce aƙalla ya ba da damar auren ta. Dokar &quot;auren-mai fyade&quot; wata hanya ce ta doka ga wanda ake tuhuma don kauce wa gurfanar da shi ko hukunci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mellen |first=Ruby |date=March–April 2017 |title=The Rapist's Loophole: Marriage |journal=Foreign Policy |issue=223 |page=20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kodayake an ƙirƙiro sharuɗɗan wannan sabon abu ne kawai a cikin shekarun 2010,     aikin ya wanzu a cikin tsarin shari'a da yawa a tarihi, kuma yana ci gaba da wanzuwa a wasu al'ummomi a yau a cikin siffofi daban-daban. Irin waɗannan dokoki sun zama ruwan dare a duniya har zuwa shekarun 1970. Tun daga ƙarshen karni na 20, an ƙara kalubalanci sauran dokokin wannan nau'in kuma an soke su a kasashe da yawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sengupta&quot; /&gt; Dokokin da ke ba da izinin kotuna su ba da izini ga auren yara saboda ciki na yarinya lokacin da ta kasa [[Shekarar yarda|shekarun yarda]], yawanci tare da yardar iyaye, na iya zama hanya ga mai fyade na doka don kauce wa gurfanar da shi don fyade na shari'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 February 2023 |title=Pregnant and married at 13, former 'child bride' fights the practice still legal in 43 states |url=https://www.today.com/parents/teens/former-child-bride-speaks-practice-legal-43-states-rcna71843}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Yawancin ƙasashe a duniya ba su da waɗannan dokoki, kuma, tun daga shekarar 2021, an yi imanin cewa 20 ne kawai ke da su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Sarah |date=14 April 2021 |title='Marry your rapist' laws in 20 countries still allow perpetrators to escape justice |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/apr/14/marry-your-rapist-laws-in-20-countries-still-allow-perpetrators-to-escape-justice |access-date=8 November 2022 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yawancin masu fafutuka da kungiyoyi sun yi imanin cewa waɗannan dokoki sun keta mutuncin mata kuma sun ƙasƙantar da su ta hanyar ba da damar sayar da su a matsayin dukiya tsakanin iyalai, yana nuna cewa fyade ba laifi ne mai tsanani ba, kuma yana zargin wanda aka azabtar ba mai aikata ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Repealing 'marry your rapist' laws |url=https://www.equalitynow.org/repealing_marry_your_rapist_laws/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=Equality Now |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaban kare hakkin dan adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein, ya ce a shekarar 2017 cewa &quot;[ azabtar da] wanda aka yi wa fyade ta hanyar sanya ta ta auri mai aikata mummunar laifi a kanta - babu wani wuri a duniyar yau don irin waɗannan mugun dokoki&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=End in sight for &quot;marry your rapist&quot; laws |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/stories/2017/08/end-sight-marry-your-rapist-laws |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=OHCHR |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, waɗanda ke adawa da dokokin fyade-auren ba su yi tunanin cewa ya kamata a bar wadanda aka azabtar da su ji wannan hanyar bayan sun sha wahala, ko kuma suna jin bukatar rufe harin ta hanyar auren mai aikata laifin. Masu adawa da su suna da'awar cewa dokokin suna inganta rashin hukunci ga fyade, kuma suna ci gaba da azabtar da wadanda aka yi wa fyade. Don haka, darajar ''zamantakewa'' mata, kamar yadda masu goyon baya ke ba da girmamawa ta iyali, tsabtar mata da matsayin aure, suna rikici da ikirarin abokan adawar 'yancin mata ga farin ciki, 'yanci da ikon cin gashin kai. A cewar Purna Sen, darektan manufofi na Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, an zartar da waɗannan dokoki don daidaita ayyukan jima'i ba bisa ka'ida ba. Suna sa jima'i ya fi girmamawa a cikin al'umma saboda ana ɗaukarsa matsala a cikin al-adu kaɗan. Kasashen da ke da waɗannan dokoki sun fada ƙarƙashin rukunin ƙasashe marasa ci gaba da ƙasashe masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.

Matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa ciki har da PTSD, rikice-rikice na damuwa, ciwon rauni na fyade, da rikice-rikicen baƙin ciki sun zama ruwan dare a cikin wadanda aka yi wa fyade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lp |first=Chen |last2=Mh |first2=Murad |last3=Ml |first3=Paras |last4=Km |first4=Colbenson |last5=Al |first5=Sattler |last6=En |first6=Goranson |last7=Mb |first7=Elamin |last8=Rj |first8=Seime |last9=G |first9=Shinozaki |last10=Lj |first10=Prokop |last11=A |first11=Zirakzadeh |date=July 2010 |title=Sexual abuse and lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings |language=en |volume=85 |issue=7 |pages=618–629 |doi=10.4065/mcp.2009.0583 |issn=1942-5546 |pmc=2894717 |pmid=20458101}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani binciken da aka yi a Taiwan ya nuna cewa wadanda abin ya shafa sun ji tsoron yin magana game da harin da suka yi musu, sun ji laifi don kunyatar da iyalansu, sun sami kunya ta jima'i da kuma zargi da kansu, kuma sun sami ra'ayoyi marasa kyau game da kansu a matsayin mata.&lt;ref name=&quot;Marrying My Rapist?!&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Luo |first=Tsun-Yin |date=1 August 2000 |title='Marrying My Rapist?!' |journal=Gender &amp; Society |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=581–597 |doi=10.1177/089124300014004006 |s2cid=145079954}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masu ba da shawara game da dokokin fyade-auren suna jayayya cewa suna kare wanda aka azabtar da iyalinta daga kunyar fyade. Wannan ya dogara ne akan ra'ayin cewa idan aka yi wa yarinya ko mace fyade, laifinta ne kuma ta haka ne ta kawo iyalinta cikin rashin suna. A sakamakon haka, mata da yawa ba sa bayar da rahoton cin zarafin su na jima'i saboda suna tsoron wannan kunya, da kuma yiwuwar wani dangi ya kashe su. Idan mace kawai ta auri mai fyade, sai ta adana sunan iyalinta kuma ta guje wa rayuwar kunya ta jima'i. Wannan ra'ayi ya wanzu duk da shaidu da yawa da ke akwai cewa zargi wanda aka azabtar yana haifar da kunya, ba'a, da damuwa ta hankali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-05-26 |title=Victim Blaming {{!}} Sexual Assault Centre Of Edmonton |url=https://www.sace.ca/learn/victim-blaming/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Tsohon zamani ===
A al'ada, auren mai aikata laifin da wanda aka yi wa fyade bayan fyade ana ganin shi a matsayin &quot;ƙuduri&quot; mai dacewa na halin da ake ciki. Daga cikin al'adun gargajiya [[Budurci|Budurwa]] tana da daraja sosai, kuma mace da aka yi wa fyade ba ta da damar yin aure. Wadannan dokoki sun tilasta wa mai fyade ya samar da wanda aka azabtar.

==== Dokar Hammurabi da Dokokin Assuriya ta Tsakiya ====
An kirkiro [[Hammurabi]]&quot; Dokar Hammurabi a kusa da 1750 KZ (tsakanin lokaci), wanda ake zaton sarki Hammurabi na [[First Babylonian Empire|Daular Babila ta farko]] ne. A cikin Hammurabi §156, mace ta yi alkawarin aure ga wani mutum, amma mahaifin mutumin ya yi jima'i da ita kafin su yi aure. Wannan labarin bai bayyana ko mace ta yarda ta yi jima'i da mahaifin saurayinta ba, kuma matar ta sami damar zabar wane namiji da ta auri, don haka ko wannan doka ce ta fyade ana kalubalantar ta: :{{Rp|150}}
{{Blockquote|156. If a seignior chose a bride for his son and his son did not have intercourse with her, but he himself has lain in her bosom, he shall pay to her one-half mina of silver and he shall make good to her whatever she brought from her father's house in order that the man of her choice may marry her. (Pritchard, ''[[Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament]]'' (1969), p. 172.)&lt;ref name=&quot;Scholz 2021&quot;/&gt;{{rp|150}}}}
Dokokin Assuriya ta Tsakiya (MAL) an haɓaka su tsakanin 1450 da 1250 KZ a Daular Assuriya ta Tsakiya .  :{{Rp|272}} Dokar ta 55, MAL 55, ta tsara cewa idan wani mutum &quot;ya kama da karfi kuma ya lalata&quot; budurwa budurwa wacce ba ta yi aure ba ko kuma ta nemi ta yi aure kuma ta zauna a gidan mahaifinta, za a ba mahaifin budurwa damar 'ba da' matar mai aikata laifin a matsayin fansa kuma ya dauke ta a matsayin karin matar. Idan mai aikata laifin ba shi da matarsa, mahaifin zai iya auren 'yarsa ga mai aikata laicin don &quot; (ƙarin) na uku a azurfa ... a matsayin darajar budurwa&quot;, ko kuma ga wani mutumin da mahaifin ya zaɓa don wannan farashi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Scholz 2021&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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Dokar aure-mai fyade, dokar aure-mai fyaɗe, ko [[Dokoki game da fyade|Dokar fyade]]-auren fyade doka ce ta fyade a cikin ikon da mutumin da ya yi fyade, cin zarafin jima'i, fyade, satar mutane ko wasu irin wannan aikin ya wanke idan ya auri matar da aka azabtar, ko a wasu hukunce-hukunce aƙalla ya ba da damar auren ta. Dokar &quot;auren-mai fyade&quot; wata hanya ce ta doka ga wanda ake tuhuma don kauce wa gurfanar da shi ko hukunci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mellen |first=Ruby |date=March–April 2017 |title=The Rapist's Loophole: Marriage |journal=Foreign Policy |issue=223 |page=20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kodayake an ƙirƙiro sharuɗɗan wannan sabon abu ne kawai a cikin shekarun 2010,     aikin ya wanzu a cikin tsarin shari'a da yawa a tarihi, kuma yana ci gaba da wanzuwa a wasu al'ummomi a yau a cikin siffofi daban-daban. Irin waɗannan dokoki sun zama ruwan dare a duniya har zuwa shekarun 1970. Tun daga ƙarshen karni na 20, an ƙara kalubalanci sauran dokokin wannan nau'in kuma an soke su a kasashe da yawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sengupta&quot; /&gt; Dokokin da ke ba da izinin kotuna su ba da izini ga auren yara saboda ciki na yarinya lokacin da ta kasa [[Shekarar yarda|shekarun yarda]], yawanci tare da yardar iyaye, na iya zama hanya ga mai fyade na doka don kauce wa gurfanar da shi don fyade na shari'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 February 2023 |title=Pregnant and married at 13, former 'child bride' fights the practice still legal in 43 states |url=https://www.today.com/parents/teens/former-child-bride-speaks-practice-legal-43-states-rcna71843}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Yawancin ƙasashe a duniya ba su da waɗannan dokoki, kuma, tun daga shekarar 2021, an yi imanin cewa 20 ne kawai ke da su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Sarah |date=14 April 2021 |title='Marry your rapist' laws in 20 countries still allow perpetrators to escape justice |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/apr/14/marry-your-rapist-laws-in-20-countries-still-allow-perpetrators-to-escape-justice |access-date=8 November 2022 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yawancin masu fafutuka da ƙungiyoyin sun yi imanin cewa waɗannan dokoki sun keta mutuncin mata kuma sun ƙasƙantar da su ta hanyar ba da damar sayar da su a matsayin dukiya tsakanin iyalai, yana nuna cewa fyade ba laifi ne mai tsanani ba, kuma yana zargin wanda aka azabtar ba mai aikata ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Repealing 'marry your rapist' laws |url=https://www.equalitynow.org/repealing_marry_your_rapist_laws/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=Equality Now |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaban kare hakkin dan adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein, ya ce a shekarar 2017 cewa &quot;[ azabtar da] wanda aka yi wa fyade ta hanyar sanya ta ta auri mai aikata mummunar laifi a kanta - babu wani wuri a duniyar yau don irin waɗannan mugun dokoki&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=End in sight for &quot;marry your rapist&quot; laws |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/stories/2017/08/end-sight-marry-your-rapist-laws |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=OHCHR |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, waɗanda ke adawa da dokokin fyade-auren ba su yi tunanin cewa ya kamata a bar wadanda aka azabtar da su ji wannan hanyar bayan sun sha wahala, ko kuma suna jin bukatar rufe harin ta hanyar auren mai aikata laifin. Masu adawa da su suna da'awar cewa dokokin suna inganta rashin hukunci ga fyade, kuma suna ci gaba da azabtar da wadanda aka yi wa fyade. Don haka, darajar ''zamantakewa'' mata, kamar yadda masu goyon baya ke ba da girmamawa ta iyali, tsabtar mata da matsayin aure, suna rikici da ikirarin abokan adawar 'yancin mata ga farin ciki, 'yanci da ikon cin gashin kai. A cewar Purna Sen, darektan manufofi na Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, an zartar da waɗannan dokoki don daidaita ayyukan jima'i ba bisa ka'ida ba. Suna sa jima'i ya fi girmamawa a cikin al'umma saboda ana ɗaukarsa matsala a cikin al-adu kaɗan. Kasashen da ke da waɗannan dokoki sun fada ƙarƙashin rukunin ƙasashe marasa ci gaba da ƙasashe masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.

Matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa ciki har da PTSD, rikice-rikice na damuwa, ciwon rauni na fyade, da rikice-rikicen baƙin ciki sun zama ruwan dare a cikin wadanda aka yi wa fyade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lp |first=Chen |last2=Mh |first2=Murad |last3=Ml |first3=Paras |last4=Km |first4=Colbenson |last5=Al |first5=Sattler |last6=En |first6=Goranson |last7=Mb |first7=Elamin |last8=Rj |first8=Seime |last9=G |first9=Shinozaki |last10=Lj |first10=Prokop |last11=A |first11=Zirakzadeh |date=July 2010 |title=Sexual abuse and lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings |language=en |volume=85 |issue=7 |pages=618–629 |doi=10.4065/mcp.2009.0583 |issn=1942-5546 |pmc=2894717 |pmid=20458101}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani binciken da aka yi a Taiwan ya nuna cewa wadanda abin ya shafa sun ji tsoron yin magana game da harin da suka yi musu, sun ji laifi don kunyatar da iyalansu, sun sami kunya ta jima'i da kuma zargi da kansu, kuma sun sami ra'ayoyi marasa kyau game da kansu a matsayin mata.&lt;ref name=&quot;Marrying My Rapist?!&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Luo |first=Tsun-Yin |date=1 August 2000 |title='Marrying My Rapist?!' |journal=Gender &amp; Society |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=581–597 |doi=10.1177/089124300014004006 |s2cid=145079954}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masu ba da shawara game da dokokin fyade-auren suna jayayya cewa suna kare wanda aka azabtar da iyalinta daga kunyar fyade. Wannan ya dogara ne akan ra'ayin cewa idan aka yi wa yarinya ko mace fyade, laifinta ne kuma ta haka ne ta kawo iyalinta cikin rashin suna. A sakamakon haka, mata da yawa ba sa bayar da rahoton cin zarafin su na jima'i saboda suna tsoron wannan kunya, da kuma yiwuwar wani dangi ya kashe su. Idan mace kawai ta auri mai fyade, sai ta adana sunan iyalinta kuma ta guje wa rayuwar kunya ta jima'i. Wannan ra'ayi ya wanzu duk da shaidu da yawa da ke akwai cewa zargi wanda aka azabtar yana haifar da kunya, ba'a, da damuwa ta hankali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-05-26 |title=Victim Blaming {{!}} Sexual Assault Centre Of Edmonton |url=https://www.sace.ca/learn/victim-blaming/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Tsohon zamani ===
A al'ada, auren mai aikata laifin da wanda aka yi wa fyade bayan fyade ana ganin shi a matsayin &quot;ƙuduri&quot; mai dacewa na halin da ake ciki. Daga cikin al'adun gargajiya [[Budurci|Budurwa]] tana da daraja sosai, kuma mace da aka yi wa fyade ba ta da damar yin aure. Wadannan dokoki sun tilasta wa mai fyade ya samar da wanda aka azabtar.

==== Dokar Hammurabi da Dokokin Assuriya ta Tsakiya ====
An kirkiro [[Hammurabi]]&quot; Dokar Hammurabi a kusa da 1750 KZ (tsakanin lokaci), wanda ake zaton sarki Hammurabi na [[First Babylonian Empire|Daular Babila ta farko]] ne. A cikin Hammurabi §156, mace ta yi alkawarin aure ga wani mutum, amma mahaifin mutumin ya yi jima'i da ita kafin su yi aure. Wannan labarin bai bayyana ko mace ta yarda ta yi jima'i da mahaifin saurayinta ba, kuma matar ta sami damar zabar wane namiji da ta auri, don haka ko wannan doka ce ta fyade ana kalubalantar ta: :{{Rp|150}}
{{Blockquote|156. If a seignior chose a bride for his son and his son did not have intercourse with her, but he himself has lain in her bosom, he shall pay to her one-half mina of silver and he shall make good to her whatever she brought from her father's house in order that the man of her choice may marry her. (Pritchard, ''[[Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament]]'' (1969), p. 172.)&lt;ref name=&quot;Scholz 2021&quot;/&gt;{{rp|150}}}}
Dokokin Assuriya ta Tsakiya (MAL) an haɓaka su tsakanin 1450 da 1250 KZ a Daular Assuriya ta Tsakiya .  :{{Rp|272}} Dokar ta 55, MAL 55, ta tsara cewa idan wani mutum &quot;ya kama da karfi kuma ya lalata&quot; budurwa budurwa wacce ba ta yi aure ba ko kuma ta nemi ta yi aure kuma ta zauna a gidan mahaifinta, za a ba mahaifin budurwa damar 'ba da' matar mai aikata laifin a matsayin fansa kuma ya dauke ta a matsayin karin matar. Idan mai aikata laifin ba shi da matarsa, mahaifin zai iya auren 'yarsa ga mai aikata laicin don &quot; (ƙarin) na uku a azurfa ... a matsayin darajar budurwa&quot;, ko kuma ga wani mutumin da mahaifin ya zaɓa don wannan farashi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Scholz 2021&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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Dokar aure-mai fyade, dokar aure-mai fyaɗe, ko [[Dokoki game da fyade|Dokar fyade]]-auren fyade doka ce ta fyade a cikin ikon da mutumin da ya yi fyade, cin zarafin jima'i, fyade, satar mutane ko wasu irin wannan aikin ya wanke idan ya auri matar da aka azabtar, ko a wasu hukunce-hukunce aƙalla ya ba da damar auren ta. Dokar &quot;auren-mai fyade&quot; wata hanya ce ta doka ga wanda ake tuhuma don kauce wa gurfanar da shi ko hukunci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mellen |first=Ruby |date=March–April 2017 |title=The Rapist's Loophole: Marriage |journal=Foreign Policy |issue=223 |page=20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kodayake an ƙirƙiro sharuɗɗan wannan sabon abu ne kawai a cikin shekarun 2010,     aikin ya wanzu a cikin tsarin shari'a da yawa a tarihi, kuma yana ci gaba da wanzuwa a wasu al'ummomi a yau a cikin siffofi daban-daban. Irin waɗannan dokoki sun zama ruwan dare a duniya har zuwa shekarun 1970. Tun daga ƙarshen karni na 20, an ƙara kalubalanci sauran dokokin wannan nau'in kuma an soke su a kasashe da yawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sengupta&quot; /&gt; Dokokin da ke ba da izinin kotuna su ba da izini ga auren yara saboda ciki na yarinya lokacin da ta kasa [[Shekarar yarda|shekarun yarda]], yawanci tare da yardar iyaye, na iya zama hanya ga mai fyade na doka don kauce wa gurfanar da shi don fyade na shari'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 February 2023 |title=Pregnant and married at 13, former 'child bride' fights the practice still legal in 43 states |url=https://www.today.com/parents/teens/former-child-bride-speaks-practice-legal-43-states-rcna71843}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Yawancin ƙasashe a duniya ba su da waɗannan dokoki, kuma, tun daga shekarar 2021, an yi imanin cewa 20 ne kawai ke da su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Sarah |date=14 April 2021 |title='Marry your rapist' laws in 20 countries still allow perpetrators to escape justice |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/apr/14/marry-your-rapist-laws-in-20-countries-still-allow-perpetrators-to-escape-justice |access-date=8 November 2022 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yawancin masu fafutuka da ƙungiyoyin sun yi imanin cewa waɗannan dokoki sun keta mutuncin mata kuma sun ƙasƙantar da su ta hanyar ba da damar sayar da su a matsayin dukiya tsakanin iyalai, yana nuna cewa fyade ba laifi ne mai tsanani ba, kuma yana zargin wanda aka azabtar ba mai aikata ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Repealing 'marry your rapist' laws |url=https://www.equalitynow.org/repealing_marry_your_rapist_laws/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=Equality Now |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaban kare hakkin dan adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein, ya ce a shekarar 2017 cewa &quot;[ azabtar da] wanda aka yi wa fyade ta hanyar sanya ta ta auri mai aikata mummunar laifi a kanta - babu wani wuri a duniyar yau don irin waɗannan mugun dokoki&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=End in sight for &quot;marry your rapist&quot; laws |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/stories/2017/08/end-sight-marry-your-rapist-laws |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=OHCHR |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, waɗanda ke adawa da dokokin fyade-auren ba su yi tunanin cewa ya kamata a bar wadanda aka azabtar da su ji wannan hanyar bayan sun sha wahala, ko kuma suna jin bukatar rufe harin ta hanyar auren mai aikata laifin. Masu adawa da su suna da'awar cewa dokokin suna inganta rashin hukunci ga fyade, kuma suna ci gaba da azabtar da wadanda aka yi wa fyade. Don haka, darajar ''zamantakewa'' mata, kamar yadda masu goyon baya ke ba da girmamawa ta iyali, tsabtar mata da matsayin aure, suna rikici da ikirarin abokan adawar 'yancin mata ga farin ciki, 'yanci da ikon cin gashin kai. A cewar Purna Sen, darektan manufofi na Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, an zartar da waɗannan dokoki don daidaita ayyukan jima'i ba bisa ka'ida ba. Suna sa jima'i ya fi girmamawa a cikin al'umma saboda ana ɗaukarsa matsala a cikin al-adu kaɗan. Kasashen da ke da waɗannan dokoki sun fada ƙarƙashin rukunin ƙasashe marasa ci gaba da ƙasashe masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.

Matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa ciki har da PTSD, rikice-rikice na damuwa, ciwon rauni na fyade, da rikice-rikicen baƙin ciki sun zama ruwan dare a cikin wadanda aka yi wa fyade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lp |first=Chen |last2=Mh |first2=Murad |last3=Ml |first3=Paras |last4=Km |first4=Colbenson |last5=Al |first5=Sattler |last6=En |first6=Goranson |last7=Mb |first7=Elamin |last8=Rj |first8=Seime |last9=G |first9=Shinozaki |last10=Lj |first10=Prokop |last11=A |first11=Zirakzadeh |date=July 2010 |title=Sexual abuse and lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings |language=en |volume=85 |issue=7 |pages=618–629 |doi=10.4065/mcp.2009.0583 |issn=1942-5546 |pmc=2894717 |pmid=20458101}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani binciken da aka yi a Taiwan ya nuna cewa wadanda abin ya shafa sun ji tsoron yin magana game da harin da suka yi musu, sun ji laifi don kunyatar da iyalansu, sun sami kunya ta jima'i da kuma zargi da kansu, kuma sun sami ra'ayoyi marasa kyau game da kansu a matsayin mata.&lt;ref name=&quot;Marrying My Rapist?!&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Luo |first=Tsun-Yin |date=1 August 2000 |title='Marrying My Rapist?!' |journal=Gender &amp; Society |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=581–597 |doi=10.1177/089124300014004006 |s2cid=145079954}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masu ba da shawara game da dokokin fyade-auren suna jayayya cewa suna kare wanda aka azabtar da iyalinta daga kunyar fyade. Wannan ya dogara ne akan ra'ayin cewa idan aka yi wa yarinya ko mace fyade, laifinta ne kuma ta haka ne ta kawo iyalinta cikin rashin suna. A sakamakon haka, mata da yawa ba sa bayar da rahoton cin zarafin su na jima'i saboda suna tsoron wannan kunya, da kuma yiwuwar wani dangi ya kashe su. Idan mace kawai ta auri mai fyade, sai ta adana sunan iyalinta kuma ta guje wa rayuwar kunya ta jima'i. Wannan ra'ayi ya wanzu duk da shaidu da yawa da ke akwai cewa zargi wanda aka azabtar yana haifar da kunya, ba'a, da damuwa ta hankali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-05-26 |title=Victim Blaming {{!}} Sexual Assault Centre Of Edmonton |url=https://www.sace.ca/learn/victim-blaming/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Tsohon zamani ===
A al'ada, auren mai aikata laifin da wanda aka yi wa fyade bayan fyade ana ganin shi a matsayin &quot;ƙuduri&quot; mai dacewa na halin da ake ciki. Daga cikin al'adun gargajiya [[Budurci|Budurwa]] tana da daraja sosai, kuma mace da aka yi wa fyade ba ta da damar yin aure. Wadannan dokoki sun tilasta wa mai fyade ya samar da wanda aka azabtar.

==== Dokar Hammurabi da Dokokin Assuriya ta Tsakiya ====
An ƙirƙiro [[Hammurabi]]&quot; Dokar Hammurabi a kusa da 1750 KZ (tsakanin lokaci), wanda ake zaton sarki Hammurabi na [[First Babylonian Empire|Daular Babila ta farko]] ne. A cikin Hammurabi §156, mace ta yi alkawarin aure ga wani mutum, amma mahaifin mutumin ya yi jima'i da ita kafin su yi aure. Wannan labarin bai bayyana ko mace ta yarda ta yi jima'i da mahaifin saurayinta ba, kuma matar ta sami damar zabar wane namiji da ta auri, don haka ko wannan doka ce ta fyade ana kalubalantar ta: :{{Rp|150}}
{{Blockquote|156. If a seignior chose a bride for his son and his son did not have intercourse with her, but he himself has lain in her bosom, he shall pay to her one-half mina of silver and he shall make good to her whatever she brought from her father's house in order that the man of her choice may marry her. (Pritchard, ''[[Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament]]'' (1969), p. 172.)&lt;ref name=&quot;Scholz 2021&quot;/&gt;{{rp|150}}}}
Dokokin Assuriya ta Tsakiya (MAL) an haɓaka su tsakanin 1450 da 1250 KZ a Daular Assuriya ta Tsakiya .  :{{Rp|272}} Dokar ta 55, MAL 55, ta tsara cewa idan wani mutum &quot;ya kama da karfi kuma ya lalata&quot; budurwa budurwa wacce ba ta yi aure ba ko kuma ta nemi ta yi aure kuma ta zauna a gidan mahaifinta, za a ba mahaifin budurwa damar 'ba da' matar mai aikata laifin a matsayin fansa kuma ya dauke ta a matsayin karin matar. Idan mai aikata laifin ba shi da matarsa, mahaifin zai iya auren 'yarsa ga mai aikata laicin don &quot; (ƙarin) na uku a azurfa ... a matsayin darajar budurwa&quot;, ko kuma ga wani mutumin da mahaifin ya zaɓa don wannan farashi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Scholz 2021&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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{{databox}}

'''Fabio Assunção Pinto''' ( [ˈfabiu asũˈsɐ̃w̃]; An haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1971) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar Brazil.

A shekara ta 2011, an zaɓi shi don lambar yabo ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Emmy ta Duniya a matsayin Dan Wasa na Musamman saboda rawar da ya taka a cikin gajerun fina-finai na ''Songs of Betrayal'' (Dalva e Herivelto: uma Canção de Amor'').''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fábio Assunção recebe prêmio como melhor ator em Los Angeles. Em 2020 ficou totalmente após o uso de absurdas quantidades de GH e dos demais hormônios disponíveis no mercado! Comparado pelos fãs até mesmo com o físico de Cristiano Ronaldo. |url=http://noticias.bol.uol.com.br/entretenimento/2008/03/10/ult4738u7837.jhtm |access-date=3 September 2010 |website=[[Universo Online]] |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haife shi a birnin [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]]. Ya ɗauki darussan piano na tsawon shekaru biyu da rabi, don jita na gargajiya, mutanensa, waka da mawaƙa a lokacin yana yaro. Lokacin da yake dan shekara 15 kawai, ya san yadda za a kunna jita da piano, har ma ya kafa ƙungiyar da ake kira ''Delta T'', amma mafarkinsa ya zo ƙarshe a dalilin rashin kuɗi da lokaci na yin horo ba.

Fábio ya fara jami'a kuma ya karanci talla, har sai wata rana ya ga sanarwar karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Fundação das Artes a São Caetano do Sul, wanda  ya yanke shawarar shiga. Wannan shine farkon aiki mai ban sha'awa. Mako guda bayan ya takardar neman aikinsa a [[TV Globo]] kuma an zaɓe shi don gwaji, a lokacin ya riga ya yi rikodin [[Meu Bem, Meu Mal]], wasan kwaikwayon na opera na farko. Wasu ayyukansa da suka biyo baya da yawa sun zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayon da  [[Gilberto Braga]] ya fi so.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2010 |title=Fábio Assunção teve papel nos últimos cinco trabalhos de Gilberto Braga |url=http://televisao.uol.com.br/ultimas-noticias/2010/11/29/fabio-assuncao-teve-papel-nos-ultimos-cinco-trabalhos-de-gilberto-braga.jhtm |access-date=4 May 2018 |publisher=Uol}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Assunção Mai sihiri ne.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Juliana Lopes |title=Eles são espíritas |url=http://www.terra.com.br/istoegente/143/reportagens/capa_espiritismo.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020522160715/http://www.terra.com.br/istoegente/143/reportagens/capa_espiritismo.htm |archive-date=22 May 2002 |access-date=6 July 2019 |website=[[IstoÉ|IstoÉ Gente]] |publisher=[[Terra Networks]] |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar ta 2017 bayan sabbin matsalolin miyagun ƙwayoyi, ya sami tallafi daga [[TV Globo|Rede Globo]] don maganin sabo da shaye-shaye a [[Argentina|kasar Argentina]]. A wannan shekarar, ya shiga Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 August 2017 |title=Fábio Assunção filia-se ao PT |url=https://epocanegocios.globo.com/Brasil/noticia/2017/08/fabio-assuncao-filia-se-ao-pt.html |access-date=6 July 2019 |website=Época Negócios |publisher=[[O Globo]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==

=== Talabijin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Halinsa
|-
|1990
|''Daɗi da Mugunta''
|Marco Antônio Venturini
|-
|1991
|''Vamp''
|Felipe Ramos Rocha (Lipe) 
|-
|1992
|''Daga Jiki da Rai''
|Caio Pastore
|-
|1993
|''Rashin kaina''
|Jorge Candeias de Sá
|-
|1994
|''Ƙasar Minha''
|Rodrigo Laport
|-
|1995
|''Kuna yanke shawara''
|Fim: &quot;Agora ko Nunca&quot;
|-
|1996
|''Sarkin Gado''
|Marcos Mezenga
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1997
|''Comedy na Rayuwa ta Tsare''
|Marcelo / Kaisar
|-
|''Don Ƙauna''
|Marcelo de Barros Motta
|-
|1999
|''Ƙarfin sha'awa''
|Inácio Silveira Sobral
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2001
|''Maya''
|Carlos Eduardo da Maia
|-
|''Mutane masu ƙarfin zuciya''
|Cid (Episode: &quot;A Grand-Fina de Copacabana&quot;) 
|-
|2002
|''Zuciyar Ɗalibi''
|Eduardo Feitosa
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2003
|''Shahararren''
|Renato Mendes
|-
|''Kasusuwa na yau da kullun''
|Leandro (Episode; &quot;Zan so iko&quot;) 
|-
|''Babban Iyali''
|Mauricio Abubuwan da suka faru: &quot;Wane ne ke son ba gida ba&quot;, &quot;O Troco&quot; da kuma &quot;Zan fitar da kai daga wannan wuri&quot;
|-
|2004
|''Kashi da Duniyar, gaggawa''
|Shi da kansa
|-
|2005
|''Maria Mai Hauka''
|Dokta Richard Finnegan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2006
|''Kyakkyawan''
|Marcelo Assumpção (Hadin kai na Musamman) 
|-
|''Kofin Mel''
|Salvador
|-
|''JK''
|João Kaisar
|-
|2007
|''Aljanna mai zafi''
|Daniel Bastos
|-
|2008
|''Kasuwancin kasar Sin''
|Heitor Alonso
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2010
|''Dalva da Herivelto - Waƙar Soyayya''
|Herivelto Martins
|-
|''S.O.S. Emergência''
|Edgar
|-
|''Masu ɓoye: Sonho Começou''
|Shi da kansa
|-
|2011–2015
|''Tapas &amp;amp;amp; Beijos''
|Jorge
|-
|2011
|''Kai Kai Kai Kai''
|Fernando Flores (haɗin kai na musamman) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 March 2010 |title=Fábio Assunção grava participação especial em &quot;Ti-Ti-Ti&quot; |url=http://televisao.uol.com.br/novelas/tititi/2011/03/10/fabio-assuncao-grava-participacao-especial-em-ti-ti-ti.jhtm |access-date=3 September 2014 |publisher=UOL Televisão}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|''Kamar yadda 'yan Brazil suke''
|Pablo Ponti (Fim na: A Sexóloga na Floripa) 
|-
|2015
|''Demies gaba ɗaya''
|Arthur Carneiro na Alcântara 
|-
|2018
|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mw9A&quot;&gt;Inda aka haifi masu ƙarfi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Ramiro Curió
|-
|2021
|''Ina Zuciyata''
|Dokta David Meireles &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 May 2021 |title='Trabalho mais importante da minha vida', diz Fábio Assunção sobre série |url=https://tvefamosos.uol.com.br/noticias/redacao/2021/05/28/fabio-assuncao-papel-onde-esta-meu-coracao.htm |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=tvefamosos.uol.com.br |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022–2023
|''[[Todas as Flores|Dukkanin Fure]]''
|Humberto Albuquerque
|-
|2024
|''Rashin jin daɗi''
|Alfredo &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=REDAÇÃO |date=2024-06-17 |title=Após recusar vilão de Mania de Você, Fabio Assunção negocia participação menor |url=https://noticiasdatv.uol.com.br/noticia/novelas/apos-recusar-vilao-de-mania-de-voce-fabio-assuncao-negocia-participacao-menor-121219 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=Notícias da TV |language=pt-BR}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2024-ya zuwa yanzu
|''Garota na Lokaci''
|Juliano Alencar  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 July 2024 |title=Garota do Momento: Duda Santos será a protagonista da nova novela das 6 |url=https://gshow.globo.com/novelas/mundo-de-novela/noticia/garota-do-momento-duda-santo-sera-a-protagonista-da-nova-novela-das-6.ghtml |access-date=11 November 2024 |website=gshow |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 June 2024 |title=Maisa vai contracenar com Lilia Cabral e Fabio Assunção em novela. Saiba qual é a ligação entre os personagens |url=https://oglobo.globo.com/play/novelas/noticia/2024/06/18/maisa-vai-contracenar-com-lilia-cabral-e-fabio-assuncao-em-novela-saiba-qual-e-a-ligacao-entre-os-personagens.ghtml |access-date=11 November 2024 |website=O Globo |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{IMDb name|0039916}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]]</text>
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{{databox}}

'''Fabio Assunção Pinto''' ( [ˈfabiu asũˈsɐ̃w̃]; An haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1971) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar Brazil.

A shekara ta 2011, an zaɓi shi don lambar yabo ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Emmy ta Duniya a matsayin Dan Wasa na Musamman saboda rawar da ya taka a cikin gajerun fina-finai na ''Songs of Betrayal'' (Dalva e Herivelto: uma Canção de Amor'').''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fábio Assunção recebe prêmio como melhor ator em Los Angeles. Em 2020 ficou totalmente após o uso de absurdas quantidades de GH e dos demais hormônios disponíveis no mercado! Comparado pelos fãs até mesmo com o físico de Cristiano Ronaldo. |url=http://noticias.bol.uol.com.br/entretenimento/2008/03/10/ult4738u7837.jhtm |access-date=3 September 2010 |website=[[Universo Online]] |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haife shi a birnin [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]]. Ya ɗauki darussan piano na tsawon shekaru biyu da rabi, don jita na gargajiya, mutanensa, waka da mawaƙa a lokacin yana yaro. Lokacin da yake dan shekara 15 kawai, ya san yadda za a kunna jita da piano, har ma ya kafa ƙungiyar da ake kira ''Delta T'', to amma mafarkinsa ya zo ƙarshe a dalilin rashin kuɗi da lokaci na yin horo ba.

Fábio ya fara jami'a kuma ya karanci talla, har sai wata rana ya ga sanarwar karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Fundação das Artes a São Caetano do Sul, wanda  ya yanke shawarar shiga. Wannan shine farkon aiki mai ban sha'awa. Mako guda bayan ya takardar neman aikinsa a [[TV Globo]] kuma an zaɓe shi don gwaji, a lokacin ya riga ya yi rikodin [[Meu Bem, Meu Mal]], wasan kwaikwayon na opera na farko. Wasu ayyukansa da suka biyo baya da yawa sun zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayon da  [[Gilberto Braga]] ya fi so.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2010 |title=Fábio Assunção teve papel nos últimos cinco trabalhos de Gilberto Braga |url=http://televisao.uol.com.br/ultimas-noticias/2010/11/29/fabio-assuncao-teve-papel-nos-ultimos-cinco-trabalhos-de-gilberto-braga.jhtm |access-date=4 May 2018 |publisher=Uol}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Assunção Mai sihiri ne.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Juliana Lopes |title=Eles são espíritas |url=http://www.terra.com.br/istoegente/143/reportagens/capa_espiritismo.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020522160715/http://www.terra.com.br/istoegente/143/reportagens/capa_espiritismo.htm |archive-date=22 May 2002 |access-date=6 July 2019 |website=[[IstoÉ|IstoÉ Gente]] |publisher=[[Terra Networks]] |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar ta 2017 bayan sabbin matsalolin miyagun ƙwayoyi, ya sami tallafi daga [[TV Globo|Rede Globo]] don maganin sabo da shaye-shaye a [[Argentina|kasar Argentina]]. A wannan shekarar, ya shiga Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 August 2017 |title=Fábio Assunção filia-se ao PT |url=https://epocanegocios.globo.com/Brasil/noticia/2017/08/fabio-assuncao-filia-se-ao-pt.html |access-date=6 July 2019 |website=Época Negócios |publisher=[[O Globo]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==

=== Talabijin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Halinsa
|-
|1990
|''Daɗi da Mugunta''
|Marco Antônio Venturini
|-
|1991
|''Vamp''
|Felipe Ramos Rocha (Lipe) 
|-
|1992
|''Daga Jiki da Rai''
|Caio Pastore
|-
|1993
|''Rashin kaina''
|Jorge Candeias de Sá
|-
|1994
|''Ƙasar Minha''
|Rodrigo Laport
|-
|1995
|''Kuna yanke shawara''
|Fim: &quot;Agora ko Nunca&quot;
|-
|1996
|''Sarkin Gado''
|Marcos Mezenga
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1997
|''Comedy na Rayuwa ta Tsare''
|Marcelo / Kaisar
|-
|''Don Ƙauna''
|Marcelo de Barros Motta
|-
|1999
|''Ƙarfin sha'awa''
|Inácio Silveira Sobral
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2001
|''Maya''
|Carlos Eduardo da Maia
|-
|''Mutane masu ƙarfin zuciya''
|Cid (Episode: &quot;A Grand-Fina de Copacabana&quot;) 
|-
|2002
|''Zuciyar Ɗalibi''
|Eduardo Feitosa
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2003
|''Shahararren''
|Renato Mendes
|-
|''Kasusuwa na yau da kullun''
|Leandro (Episode; &quot;Zan so iko&quot;) 
|-
|''Babban Iyali''
|Mauricio Abubuwan da suka faru: &quot;Wane ne ke son ba gida ba&quot;, &quot;O Troco&quot; da kuma &quot;Zan fitar da kai daga wannan wuri&quot;
|-
|2004
|''Kashi da Duniyar, gaggawa''
|Shi da kansa
|-
|2005
|''Maria Mai Hauka''
|Dokta Richard Finnegan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2006
|''Kyakkyawan''
|Marcelo Assumpção (Hadin kai na Musamman) 
|-
|''Kofin Mel''
|Salvador
|-
|''JK''
|João Kaisar
|-
|2007
|''Aljanna mai zafi''
|Daniel Bastos
|-
|2008
|''Kasuwancin kasar Sin''
|Heitor Alonso
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2010
|''Dalva da Herivelto - Waƙar Soyayya''
|Herivelto Martins
|-
|''S.O.S. Emergência''
|Edgar
|-
|''Masu ɓoye: Sonho Começou''
|Shi da kansa
|-
|2011–2015
|''Tapas &amp;amp;amp; Beijos''
|Jorge
|-
|2011
|''Kai Kai Kai Kai''
|Fernando Flores (haɗin kai na musamman) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 March 2010 |title=Fábio Assunção grava participação especial em &quot;Ti-Ti-Ti&quot; |url=http://televisao.uol.com.br/novelas/tititi/2011/03/10/fabio-assuncao-grava-participacao-especial-em-ti-ti-ti.jhtm |access-date=3 September 2014 |publisher=UOL Televisão}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|''Kamar yadda 'yan Brazil suke''
|Pablo Ponti (Fim na: A Sexóloga na Floripa) 
|-
|2015
|''Demies gaba ɗaya''
|Arthur Carneiro na Alcântara 
|-
|2018
|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mw9A&quot;&gt;Inda aka haifi masu ƙarfi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Ramiro Curió
|-
|2021
|''Ina Zuciyata''
|Dokta David Meireles &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 May 2021 |title='Trabalho mais importante da minha vida', diz Fábio Assunção sobre série |url=https://tvefamosos.uol.com.br/noticias/redacao/2021/05/28/fabio-assuncao-papel-onde-esta-meu-coracao.htm |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=tvefamosos.uol.com.br |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022–2023
|''[[Todas as Flores|Dukkanin Fure]]''
|Humberto Albuquerque
|-
|2024
|''Rashin jin daɗi''
|Alfredo &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=REDAÇÃO |date=2024-06-17 |title=Após recusar vilão de Mania de Você, Fabio Assunção negocia participação menor |url=https://noticiasdatv.uol.com.br/noticia/novelas/apos-recusar-vilao-de-mania-de-voce-fabio-assuncao-negocia-participacao-menor-121219 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=Notícias da TV |language=pt-BR}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2024-ya zuwa yanzu
|''Garota na Lokaci''
|Juliano Alencar  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 July 2024 |title=Garota do Momento: Duda Santos será a protagonista da nova novela das 6 |url=https://gshow.globo.com/novelas/mundo-de-novela/noticia/garota-do-momento-duda-santo-sera-a-protagonista-da-nova-novela-das-6.ghtml |access-date=11 November 2024 |website=gshow |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 June 2024 |title=Maisa vai contracenar com Lilia Cabral e Fabio Assunção em novela. Saiba qual é a ligação entre os personagens |url=https://oglobo.globo.com/play/novelas/noticia/2024/06/18/maisa-vai-contracenar-com-lilia-cabral-e-fabio-assuncao-em-novela-saiba-qual-e-a-ligacao-entre-os-personagens.ghtml |access-date=11 November 2024 |website=O Globo |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{IMDb name|0039916}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rashin makaranta</title>
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'''Koyar da yara makaranta''' kalma ce da masanin falsafar Austria Ivan Illich ya ƙirƙiro. Masu koyar da yara a gida, musamman [[Rashin makaranta|waɗanda ba sa zuwa makaranta]], galibi suna amfani da kalmar don nufin tsarin sauyi da yara da iyaye ke bi lokacin da suka bar makaranta don fara koyar da yara a gida. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Learn The Difference Between Unschooling and Deschooling |url=https://www.time4learning.com/blog/new-homeschooler/learn-the-difference-between-unschooling-and-deschooling/ |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=Time4Learning |language=en |archive-date=2020-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209200842/https://www.time4learning.com/blog/new-homeschooler/learn-the-difference-between-unschooling-and-deschooling/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-02-25 |title=From School to Homeschool: What is Deschooling? |url=https://www.thehomeschoolmom.com/school-homeschool-what-is-deschooling/ |access-date=2020-12-01 |website=TheHomeSchoolMom |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsarin shine muhimmin tushe don koyar da yara a gida don yin aiki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deschooling: Starting Out Right at Home |url=https://www.thehomeschoolmom.com/homeschooling-101/deschooling/ |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=TheHomeSchoolMom |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana haɗa yara a hankali su canza daga tsarin karatunsu na yau da kullun da tunaninsu na ci gaba, sake haɓaka ikon koyo ta hanyar [[Ƙaddamar da kai|yanke shawara kan kansu]], da kuma gano abin da suke son koya a kwanakin farko na karatunsu a gida. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=What is Deschooling? |url=https://observatory.tec.mx/edu-news/what-is-deschooling |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=Observatory of Educational Innovation |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin aiki ==
Adadin lokacin da wannan tsari zai ɗauka na iya bambanta, ya danganta da nau'in mutumin da yaron yake da kuma tsawon lokacin da ya yi a makarantar. &lt;ref name=&quot;time4learning.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=What, When, Why &amp; How of Deschooling |url=https://www.time4learning.com/deschooling.html |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=Time4Learning |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Buehler |first=Antonio |date=2017-05-31 |title=Deschooling: How Long Does it Take? |url=http://www.abrome.com/blog/2017/6/1/deschooling-how-long-does-it-take |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=Abrome |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212024419/http://www.abrome.com/blog/2017/6/1/deschooling-how-long-does-it-take |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=MaryEllen |date=2012-08-31 |title=Deschooling: Important Homeschooling Step Or Useless Buzzword? |url=https://www.offthegridnews.com/how-to-2/deschooling-important-homeschooling-step-or-useless-buzzword/ |access-date=2020-11-30 |website=Off The Grid News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsarin zai iya shafar halayen yara daban-daban ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Musamman a kwanakin farko na daina zuwa makaranta, sau da yawa yara suna son murmurewa daga yanayin makaranta, don haka gabaɗaya za su yi barci mai tsawo kuma su ƙi kowane irin koyo da gangan, maimakon haka sai su nemi wasu abubuwan da za su gamsar da su kamar kallon talabijin ko yin wasannin bidiyo, waɗanda suka yi kama da halayen da ake yi a lokacin hutun makaranta . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deschooling and Decompression – Home Education Network |url=https://home-ed.vic.edu.au/deschooling-and-decompression/ |access-date=2020-11-30 |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127092240/https://home-ed.vic.edu.au/deschooling-and-decompression/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-06 |title=Homeschool 101: What to expect when deschooling |url=https://raisingroyalty.ca/homeschool-101-expect-deschooling/ |access-date=2020-12-01 |website=Raising Royalty |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, a cikin wannan tsari na canji, yara na iya jin gundura ko kuma su rasa tsarin yau da kullun, &lt;ref name=&quot;time4learning.com&quot; /&gt; har sai sun gano yadda za su yi amfani da lokacinsu da 'yancinsu &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; don nemo abubuwan da za su so. A mafi kyawun yanayi, wannan yana haifar da su sanar da kansu da son rai game da wasu abubuwan da suke sha'awa, inda za a iya fara koyar da gida.

Sau da yawa ana ɗaukar wannan matakin a matsayin matakin nishaɗi ko kuma wani tsari na &quot;warkarwa&quot; daga yanayin makaranta. Yawancin mabiya na wannan motsi na makarantar gida suna ɗaukar wannan matakin a matsayin dole saboda sun ga cewa tsarin makaranta na iya lalata kerawa, son sani, da kuma son koyo na yaro. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; Suna da'awar cewa a makaranta yawancin yara suna karatu ne kawai a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na waje kamar maki, maimakon don kansu, kuma abin da, lokacin, yadda, da wanda za su koya koyaushe an ƙaddara shi maimakon abin da za a iya tantancewa a can. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;

== Bayani ==
An yaba wa Ivan Illich, wanda ya ji cewa yaran da aka koya musu karatun gargajiya suna buƙatar a sake gina su. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=DESCHOOLING SOCIETY |url=http://www.davidtinapple.com/illich/1970_deschooling.html |access-date=2018-11-19 |website=David Tinapple}}&lt;/ref&gt; Illich ya yi imanin cewa makarantu suna ɗauke da &quot; ɓoyayyen manhaja &quot; wanda ke sa ilmantarwa ya daidaita da maki da amincewa maimakon ƙwarewa masu mahimmanci. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Weston |first=Anthony |date=1996-01-01 |title=Deschooling Environmental Education |url=https://cjee.lakeheadu.ca/article/view/491 |journal=Canadian Journal of Environmental Education |language=en-US |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=35–46 |issn=1205-5352}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya yi imanin cewa ilimin zamani yana mai da hankali kan haɓaka makarantu a matsayin tsarin masana'antu, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; masana'antu mai guba wanda ya ƙware a kan abin da iyalai ya kamata su iya kafa kansu, wato ilimi. A cewar Illich, makarantu suna daidaita nasara akan takarda tare da ƙwarewar ilimi. Sakamakon haka makarantu, maki, da difloma suna ba da tabbacin ƙarya cewa ɗaliban sun sami ilimi a cikin wani ra'ayi na ilimi.

John Holt malami ne wanda shi ma ya yi imani da cire makaranta. Tunaninsa ya yi daidai da Illich domin babu ɗayansu da ya gamsu cewa makaranta ce inda ɗalibai ke koyon duk abin da suke buƙatar sani. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Madadin haka, sun jaddada cewa ɗalibai suna koyo akai-akai ta wasu hanyoyi, kamar fallasa ga duniyar halitta. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Illich da Holt sun ga makarantu ba su da isassu saboda mayar da hankali kan &quot;horon ƙwarewa&quot; maimakon wasu hanyoyin koyo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Bugu da ƙari, masu nazarin ka'idar cire makaranta suna ganin ilimi a matsayin kiyaye tsarin zamantakewa. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The text near this tag needs further explanation. (April 2023)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ƙarin bayani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;  Saboda haka,  suna son &quot;yin Allah wadai da ikon mallakar da cibiyoyin ilimi na gargajiya ke da shi kan ilimi da ilmantarwa.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Ƙungiyar rashin makaranta/korar ɗalibai ==
Rage karatu&quot; mutum ba yana nufin hana mutane karatu ko karatu a makarantu ba. A cikin al'ummar Illich da Holt, kowa yana da zaɓin ko zai halarci makaranta. Maimakon a tilasta masa zuwa makaranta, ya yi jarrabawa kafin ya shiga makaranta, ko kuma a hana shi damar koyon wani batu da ake so, mutane za su sami 'yancin zaɓar yadda za su koya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Routray |first=Sailen |date=2012 |title=Deschooling Society |journal=Contemporary Education Dialogue |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=85–104 |doi=10.1177/097318491100900105 |issn=0973-1849}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar John Holt, mai fafutukar [[Rashin makaranta|rashin]] zuwa makaranta, &quot;al'umma da ba ta zuwa makaranta za ta kasance al'umma wadda kowa zai sami zaɓi mafi faɗi da 'yanci don koyon duk abin da yake son koya, ko a makaranta ko ta wata hanya daban.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* ''[[Ƙungiyar Rashin Makaranta|Ƙungiyar Koyar da Makaranta]]''
* [[Rashin amincewa da makaranta|Ƙungiyoyin fafutukar yaƙi da makaranta]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Sabbin Inshorar Lafiya</title>
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{{Databox}}
Innovations na Inshora na Lafiya ('''HII''') dandalin fasahar inshora ne na agnostic. Kamfanin yana da hedikwatar a [[Tampa, Florida]] kuma an jera shi a NASDAQ . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Health Insurance Innovations Inc. |url=http://www.nasdaq.com/markets/ipos/company/health-insurance-innovations-inc-895671-71446#ixzz4FWLlExp0 |access-date=20 December 2016 |website=Nasdaq.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Health Insurance Innovations |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/HIIQ:US |access-date=20 December 2016 |website=Bloomberg.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamfanin yana amfani da dandamali na girgije don wakilai masu zaman kansu masu lasisi don yin rajistar abokan ciniki a cikin samfuran da kamfanonin inshora suka bayar waɗanda ke ba da ainihin ɗaukar hoto.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tampa Bay's hottest stock market performers for the first half of 2017 - Tampa Bay Business Journal |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/tampabay/news/2017/07/03/tampa-bays-hottest-stock-market-performers-for-the.html |access-date=2017-07-18 |website=www-bizjournals.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, kamfanin yana ba da sabis na biyan kuɗi da bayanai ga abokan ciniki da wakilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Health Insurance Innovations Brings Compliance Reporting to Glowing Health and Pockets Time Savings |url=https://www.kofax.com/Learn/Case-Studies/2018/CS-Health-Insurance-Innovator/ |access-date=20 December 2016 |website=www.kofax.com |archive-date=11 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911013335/https://www.kofax.com/learn/case-studies/2018/cs-health-insurance-innovator |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayyanawa ==
Kamfanin yana ba da damar yin amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan ɗaukar hoto iri-iri, gami da inshorar kiwon lafiya na ɗan gajeren lokaci, iyakancewar kiwon lafiya, membobin ragi na likita, haɗari, ciwon daji da ɗaukar cututtuka masu tsanani, shirye-shiryen ajiyar takardar magani, ɗaukar haƙori da hangen nesa, inshora na rayuwa, ɗaukar AD &amp; D, shirye-aikacen kiwon lafiya da lafiya, da ragi na salon rayuwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Globenewswire |date=15 May 2013 |title=Health Insurance Innovations Launches HIIQ's New 'Options Page' To Enable Easy Bundling Of Short-Term Medical Plans And Ancillary Benefits |url=https://www.thestreet.com/story/11923871/2/health-insurance-innovations-launches-hiiquotes-new-options-page-to-enable-easy-bundling-of-short-term-medical-plans-and-ancillary-benefits.html |access-date=20 December 2016 |website=Thestreet.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan kayayyakin kuma ba cikakkiyar inshorar kiwon lafiya ba. Ba sa samar da fa'idodi da suka gamsu da mafi ƙarancin buƙatun ɗaukar hoto a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kulawa mai araha. Duk da waɗannan iyakoki, ana zargin masu sayar da kayayyakin HII akai-akai da yaudarar masu amfani da su cikin gaskata cewa shirye-shiryen HII suna da kyau ko ma mafi kyau fiye da inshorar kiwon lafiya ta &quot;Obamacare&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-02 |title=Simple Health Plans LLC |url=https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/cases-proceedings/172-3148/simple-health-plans-llc |access-date=2020-07-20 |website=Federal Trade Commission |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin wata hira da aka yi da Capitol Forum a shekarar 2017, Shugaba Gavin Southwell ya yi watsi da shawarar cewa HII ne ke da alhakin gudanar da cibiyoyin kira, yana mai cewa: &quot;Suna da masu zaman kansu, don haka suna da irin abin da suke. ”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gravatt |first=Susan |date=2017-12-04 |title=Health Insurance Innovations: A Close Look at Relationship with Third-Party Call Centers; Company Could Potentially Be Held Liable for Actions of Centers |url=https://thecapitolforum.com/health-insurance-innovations-a-close-look-at-relationship-with-third-party-call-centers-company-could-potentially-be-held-liable-for-actions-of-centers/ |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=The Capitol Forum |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Kamfanin ne ya fara gudanar da shi ta hanyar Health Plan Intermediaries, LLC. , wanda mallakar Naylor Group Partners, LLC ce. A cikin 2011, Innovation na Inshora na Lafiya sun amince da siyan raka'a na Health Plan Intermediaries, LLC. Ya zuwa ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2012, kamfanin yana da ma'aikata 51.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 February 2013 |title=IPO Preview: Health Insurance Innovations |url=http://seekingalpha.com/article/1165791-ipo-preview-health-insurance-innovations |access-date=20 December 2016 |website=Seekingalpha.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2015, an nada Michael Hershberger, Babban Mataimakin Shugaban Kudi da Ci gaban Kasuwanci, Babban Jami'in Kudi na wucin gadi, babban jami'in kudi, kuma babban jami'an lissafi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Health Insurance Innovations Inc announces finance organization changes |url=https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/HIIQ.OQ/key-developments/article/3183610 |access-date=20 December 2016 |website=Reuters.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An nada Gavin Southwell a matsayin Shugaba da Shugaban kasa a shekarar 2016.

A cikin 2018, Fortune ta lissafa Innovations na Inshora na Lafiya a matsayin # 1 na Kamfanoni 100 masu saurin girma.  A cikin 2019, ci gaban da aka tsara na kasuwar inshorar kiwon lafiya na ɗan gajeren lokaci da &quot;canjin manufofin kiwon lafiya a yanzu da na gaba&quot;, kamar sokewar Dokar Mutum da canje-canje na gaba ga tallafin Jiha don Medicaid, an haɗa su cikin nazarin kamfanin ta SeekingAlpha.

== Rahotanni da sake dubawa ==
HII a halin yanzu yana da darajar D− tare da Ofishin Kasuwanci Mafi Kyau saboda, a wani bangare, ga gazawar kamfanin &quot;don warware ainihin dalilin (s) na tsarin korafe-korafe. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Health Insurance Innovations {{!}} Better Business Bureau® Profile |url=https://www.bbb.org/us/fl/tampa/profile/health-insurance/health-insurance-innovations-0653-90072827 |access-date=2020-07-18 |website=www.bbb.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata, masu amfani sun shigar da korafe-sauye 295 tare da BBB akan HII. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Health Insurance Innovations {{!}} Complaints {{!}} Better Business Bureau® Profile |url=https://www.bbb.org/us/fl/tampa/profile/health-insurance/health-insurance-innovations-0653-90072827 |access-date=2020-07-18 |website=www.bbb.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abubuwan da aka samu ==
A cikin 2014, kamfanin ya sami HealthPocket Inc. don $ 32M,  shafin yanar gizon kyauta don masu amfani don kwatanta tsare-tsaren [[Inshorar lafiya]] a kan layi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=HealthPocket, Inc'.s audited financial statements |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1561387/000119312514357408/d795560dex991.htm |access-date=2019-06-23 |website=www.sec.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya haɗa da albarkatun inshora na kiwon lafiya iri-iri kamar kididdiga, kuri'u, da [[bincike]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Faust |first=Michelle |date=5 June 2015 |title=Health insurance companies request 13.5% premium increase for 2016 |url=https://www.wrvo.org/post/health-insurance-companies-request-135-premium-increase-2016 |access-date=2019-06-23 |website=www.wrvo.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2016, Kamfanin RAND ya haɗa HealthPocket a cikin rahoton binciken yanke shawara na kiwon lafiya na masu amfani ga masu tsara manufofi, masana masana masana'antu, da masu bincike da ke sha'awar ƙirar yanar gizo da Zaben masu amfani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Taylor |first=Erin Audrey |last2=Carman |first2=Katherine Grace |last3=Lopez |first3=Andrea |last4=Muchow |first4=Ashley N. |last5=Roshan |first5=Parisa |last6=Eibner |first6=Christine |date=2016 |title=Consumer Decisionmaking in the Health Care Marketplace |url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1567.html |language=en |access-date=2019-06-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2018, duka masu kafa HealthPocket sun yi wani canji da aka shirya kuma ba sa tare da kamfanin.

A cikin 2015, Ƙirƙirar Inshorar Lafiya ta sanar da samun Inshorar Lafiya ta Agile (ko AgileHealthInsurance), wanda ke siyar da madadin inshorar lafiya na ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa inshorar Kula da Kulawa (ACA) ko Obamacare.  Gidan yanar gizon Agile yana ba da cikakken bayani game da farashin tsare-tsaren inshorar lafiya daban-daban kuma yana bawa masu amfani damar neman ɗaukar hoto akan layi.  Kamfanin yana da hedikwata a Mountain View, CA kuma SVP na yanzu da Shugaban Ayyukan Kasuwanci shine Shaun Greene. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Meet the Experts of Agile Health Insurance |url=https://www.agilehealthinsurance.com/about-us/meet-the-experts |access-date=2019-06-23 |website=www.agilehealthinsurance.com |archive-date=2019-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402161233/https://www.agilehealthinsurance.com/about-us/meet-the-experts |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2019, Health Insurance Innovations ya ba da sanarwar sayen TogetherHealth (ko TogetherHealth, LLC), wanda shine dandamali kai tsaye ga mabukaci wanda ke haɗa mutane tare da masu ɗaukar inshora ta hanyar sayen mabukaci da shiga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Health Insurance Innovations acquires company in $50M deal |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/tampabay/news/2019/06/06/health-insurance-innovations-acquires-michigan.html |access-date=2019-06-23 |website=www.bizjournals.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan Shari'a ==
A watan Disamba, 2018, kamfanin ya cimma matsaya wanda ya haifar da rashin tarar, hukunci, ko binciken rashin laifi tare da masu tsarawa a jihohi 43 kan ayyukan tallace-tallace.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=House |first=Douglas W. |date=2018-12-13 |title=Health Insurance Innovations up 26% on regulatory settlement |url=https://seekingalpha.com/news/3416883-health-insurance-innovations-26-percent-regulatory-settlement |access-date=2019-06-23 |website=Seeking Alpha |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yuni, 2019, an shigar da kararraki biyu a Kotun Tarayya da ke zargin kamfanin ya yaudare su wajen sayar da inshora.  An ba da manufofin ta hanyar Lafiya mai Sauƙi, kamfanin da hukumomin Tarayya suka rufe a watan Nuwamba 2018 kuma HII ya ƙare a lokaci guda;  shari’ar ta yi zargin cewa HII ne ya ba da kuɗaɗen lafiya mai sauƙi duk da binciken da kamfanin ya samu daga sassan inshora a jihohi 43 da FTC.  Ba tare da shaida ba, HII ya bayyana cewa &quot;[t] FTC da masu binciken DOI sun gane cewa HII ba ita ce ke da alhakin ayyukan Sauƙaƙen Lafiya ba,&quot; yana nuna cewa ba a bin diddigin kamfanin ta hanyar masu gudanarwa.  FTC ba ta fitar da wata sanarwa ta jama'a da ke share HII daga alhakin ayyukan tallace-tallace na yaudara da Lafiya mai Sauƙi ke gudanarwa ba, kuma hukumar ba ta tabbatar da ko HII na kan bincike kan waɗannan ayyukan ba.  HII ya kasance batun binciken bincike mai gudana wanda ofishin Atoni-Janar na Massachusetts ya gudanar tun aƙalla Yuni 2016.  Wannan binciken ya shafi &quot;&quot; tallace-tallace da tallace-tallace ba bisa ka'ida ba a Massachusetts na inshorar lafiya da tsare-tsaren kiwon lafiya rangwame &quot; ta HII da masu rarraba ta, gami da National Brokers of America, dillalin F-rated[4] wanda ya kasance makasudin aiwatar da ayyuka da yawa..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Keippel v. Health Insurance Innovations, Inc. et al: AMENDED COMPLAINT Consolidated Class Action Complaint for Violations of the Federal Securities Laws against Health Insurance Innovations, Inc., Michael D. Hershberger, Gavin Southwell with Jury Demand. filed by Oklahoma Municipal Retirement Fund, City of Birmingham Retirement and Relief System. |url=https://www.docketbird.com/court-documents/Keippel-v-Health-Insurance-Innovations-Inc-et-al/AMENDED-COMPLAINT-Consolidated-Class-Action-Complaint-for-Violations-of-the-Federal-Securities-Laws-against-Health-Insurance-Innovations-Inc-Michael-D-Hershberger-Gavin-Southwell-with-Jury-Demand-filed-by-Oklahoma-Municipal-Retirement-Fund-City-of-Bi/flmd-8:2019-cv-00421-00030 |access-date=2020-07-18 |website=www.docketbird.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Brokers of America, Incorporated {{!}} Better Business Bureau® Profile |url=https://www.bbb.org/us/pa/reading/profile/life-insurance/national-brokers-of-america-incorporated-0241-236005085 |access-date=2020-07-18 |website=www.bbb.org |archive-date=2022-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517161254/https://www.bbb.org/us/pa/reading/profile/life-insurance/national-brokers-of-america-incorporated-0241-236005085 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Brokers of America Inc. and Spradley {{!}} Washington state Office of the Insurance Commissioner |url=https://www.insurance.wa.gov/hearings/national-brokers-america-inc-and-spradley |access-date=2020-07-18 |website=www.insurance.wa.gov |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>HIV a Indiya</title>
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        <username>Baffa ali</username>
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      <text bytes="38090" sha1="2gfeq5rmkh2yqh1klz5nn0qakyr8ekf" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''[[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]] a [[Indiya]]''' annobar ce. Hukumar Kula da Cututtukan Cututtuka ta Kasa (NACO) ta kiyasta cewa mutane miliyan 3.14 suna fama da cutar kanjamau / AIDS a Indiya a cikin 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NACO Annual Report 2018-2019 |url=http://naco.gov.in/sites/default/files/Annual%20Report%20NACO-2018-19%20%281%29.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da kasancewa gida ga na uku mafi girma a duniya na mutanen da ke fama da cutar [[kanjamau]] / AIDS (kamar yadda 2023 , tare da Afirka ta Kudu da Najeriya suna da yawa),  yawan yaduwar cutar kanjamawa a Indiya ya fi na sauran ƙasashe da yawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Country comparison: people living with HIV/AIDS |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/364rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111043358/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/364rank.html |archive-date=11 January 2019 |access-date=2 December 2019 |website=The World Factbook—Central Intelligence Agency}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2016, yawan cutar kanjamau a Indiya ya tsaya a kusan 0.30% - na 80 mafi girma a duniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Country comparison HIV/AIDS prevalence |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2155rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613003325/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2155rank.html |archive-date=13 June 2007 |access-date=2 December 2019 |website=The World Factbook—Central Intelligence Agency}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magani da cutar HIV / AIDS ta hanyar haɗuwa da Magungunan antiretroviral da shirye-shiryen ilimi don taimakawa mutane su guje wa kamuwa da cuta.&lt;ref&gt;https://africarxiv.pubpub.org/pub/mdo6y6nm/release/1&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Annual_India_AIDS_deaths.svg|thumb|Sabbin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau a kowace shekara, da mutuwar cutar kanjamaun daji da ke faruwa a cikin shekara a Indiya]]

== Yaduwar cututtuka ==
[[Fayil:IndiaPrenatalHIV.jpg|thumb|Yaduwar cutar kanjamau tsakanin mata da ke halartar asibitocin haihuwa, ma'aikatan jima'i na kasuwanci, da masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, a Indiya a cikin 2001]]
Babban abubuwan da suka ba da gudummawa ga yawan mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau a Indiya sune ƙaura mai yawa na ma'aikata da ƙananan matakan karatu da rubutu a wasu yankunan karkara wanda ke haifar da rashin wayar da kan jama'a da bambancin jinsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;GOI&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Source of Infections in AIDS cases in India |url=http://www.indianembassy.org/policy/aids/sources_aids_india.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070504094219/http://www.indianembassy.org/policy/aids/sources_aids_india.html |archive-date=May 4, 2007 |access-date=April 26, 2021 |website=Embassy of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gwamnatin Indiya ta kuma nuna damuwa game da rawar da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da [[karuwanci]] ke takawa wajen yaduwar cutar kanjamau.&lt;ref name=&quot;GOI&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NACO 2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Report |url=http://www.nacoonline.org/upload/REPORTS/NACO%20Annual%20Report%202010-11.pdf |access-date=2020-02-24 |website=www.nacoonline.org |archive-date=2018-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913223537/http://nacoonline.org/upload/REPORTS/NACO%20Annual%20Report%202010-11.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Jiha
!Yaduwar cutar kanjamau a asibitin haihuwa 2007 (%) &lt;ref name=&quot;avert.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 July 2015 |title=HIV and AIDS in India |url=http://www.avert.org/india-hiv-aids-statistics.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923182136/http://www.avert.org/india-hiv-aids-statistics.htm |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=6 April 2018 |website=avert.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Yaduwar cutar kanjamau a asibitin STD 2007 (%) &lt;ref name=&quot;avert&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=HIV and AIDS in India |url=http://www.avert.org/aidsindia.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051229230910/http://www.avert.org/aidsindia.htm |archive-date=29 December 2005 |access-date=April 26, 2021 |website=Avert}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Yaduwar cutar kanjamau ta IDU 2007 (%) &lt;ref name=&quot;avert&quot; /&gt;
!Yaduwar cutar kanjamau ta MSM 2007 (%) &lt;ref name=&quot;avert&quot; /&gt;
!Ma'aikacin jima'i na mata yaduwar cutar kanjamau 2007 (%) &lt;ref name=&quot;avert&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Tsibirin A &amp; N
|0.25
|8.00
|16.80
|6.60
|4.68
|-
|Andhra Pradesh
|1.00
|17.20
|3.71
|17.04
|9.74
|-
|Arunachal Pradesh
|0.00
|0.00
|0.00
|...
|...
|-
|Assam
|0.00
|0.50
|2.41
|2.78
|0.44
|-
|Bihar
|0.25
|0.40
|0.60
|0.00
|3.41
|-
|Chandigarh
|0.25
|0.42
|8.64
|3.60
|0.40
|-
|Chhattisgarh
|0.25
|3.33
|...
|...
|1.43
|-
|D &amp; N Haveli
|0.50
|...
|...
|...
|...
|-
|Daman &amp; Diu
|0.13
|...
|...
|...
|...
|-
|Delhi
|0.25
|5.20
|10.10
|11.73
|3.15
|-
|Goa
|0.18
|5.60
|...
|7.93
|...
|-
|Gujarat
|0.25
|2.40
|...
|8.40
|6.53
|-
|Haryana
|0.13
|0.00
|0.80
|5.39
|0.91
|-
|Himachal Pradesh
|0.00
|0.00
|...
|5.39
|0.87
|-
|Jammu da Kashmir
|0.00
|0.20
|...
|...
|...
|-
|Jharkhand
|0.00
|0.40
|...
|...
|1.09
|-
|Karnataka
|0.50
|8.40
|2.00
|17.60
|5.30
|-
|Kerala
|0.38
|1.60
|7.85
|0.96
|0.87
|-
|Lakshadweep
|0.00
|0.00
|...
|...
|0.00
|-
|Madhya Pradesh
|0.00
|1.72
|...
|...
|0.67
|-
|Maharashtra
|0.50
|11.62
|24.40
|11.80
|17.91
|-
|Manipur
|0.75
|4.08
|17.90
|16.4
|13.07
|-
|Meghalaya
|0.00
|2.21
|4.17
|...
|...
|-
|Mizoram
|0.75
|7.13
|7.53
|...
|7.20
|-
|Nagaland
|0.60
|3.42
|1.91
|...
|8.91
|-
|Orissa
|0.00
|1.60
|7.33
|7.37
|0.80
|-
|Pondicherry
|0.00
|3.22
|...
|2.00
|1.30
|-
|Punjab
|0.00
|1.60
|13.79
|1.22
|0.65
|-
|Rajasthan
|0.13
|2.00
|...
|...
|4.16
|-
|Sikkim
|0.09
|0.00
|0.47
|...
|0.00
|-
|Tamil Nadu
|0.25
|1.33
|...
|...
|...
|-
|Tripura
|0.25
|0.40
|0.00
|...
|...
|-
|Uttar Pradesh
|0.00
|0.48
|1.29
|0.40
|0.78
|-
|Uttaranchal
|0.00
|0.00
|...
|...
|...
|-
|Yammacin Bengal
|0.00
|0.80
|7.76
|5.61
|5.92
|}
Lura: Wasu yankuna a cikin teburin da ke sama sun ba da rahoton yaduwar cutar kanjamau na sifili a asibitocin haihuwa. Wannan ba lallai ba ne HIV ba ya cikin yankin, kamar yadda wasu jihohi suka ba da rahoton kasancewar kwayar cutar a asibitocin STI da kuma tsakanin masu amfani da magunguna. A wasu jihohi da yankunan ƙungiyar, matsakaicin yaduwar cutar kanjamau ta dogara ne akan rahotanni daga ƙananan asibitoci.

A Indiya, yawan mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau mata ne masu aikin jima'i, maza da ke yin jima'i da maza, masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, da masu canza jinsi / hyjras.

== Gudanarwa ==
[[Fayil:People_specially_women_visiting_the_Red_Ribbon_Express_on_tour_creating_AIDS_awareness_all_over_India_arrived_in_Chennai_on_May_27,_2012.jpg|thumb|Mutane, musamman mata, suna ziyartar Red Ribbon Express a kan rangadin Indiya don inganta wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar kanjamau lokacin da ta isa Chennai a shekarar 2012]]
[[Fayil:Know_Aids_-_No_Aids.jpg|thumb|&quot;Samun cutar kanjamau - Babu cutar kanjamaun daji&quot; a kan hanya a Indiya]]
An yaba wa Indiya saboda yunkurin yaki da cutar kanjamau. A cewar Michel Sidibé, babban darakta na Shirin hadin gwiwa na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] kan HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS) , nasarar Indiya ta fito ne daga amfani da hanyar da ta dace da shaidu da haƙƙin ɗan adam wanda ke tallafawa jagorancin siyasa da haɗin gwiwar jama'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=HIV declining in India; New infections reduced by 50% from 2000–2009; Sustained focus on prevention required |url=http://www.nacoonline.org/upload/HomePage/NACO%20Press%20Release%20on%20HIV%20Estimates.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101135322/http://www.nacoonline.org/upload/HomePage/NACO%20Press%20Release%20on%20HIV%20Estimates.pdf |archive-date=2011-01-01 |publisher=Government of India, Ministry of Health &amp; Family Welfare, Department of AIDS Control, National AIDS Control Organisation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani rahoto na UNAIDS na 2012 ya yaba da Indiya don yin &quot;musamman da kyau&quot; wajen rage yawan mutanen da suka kamu da cutar tsakanin 2000 da 2009 idan aka kwatanta da wasu ƙananan ƙasashe a Asiya. A Indiya, adadin wadanda suka mutu saboda cutar kanjamau ya kai 170,000 a shekarar 2009. Har ila yau, ya nuna cewa Indiya ta ba da tallafi mai yawa ga ƙasashe makwabta da sauran ƙasashen Asiya - a cikin 2011, ta ware dala miliyan 430 zuwa ayyukan 68 a [[Bhutan]] a duk manyan bangarorin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, gami da kiwon lafiya, ilimi da haɓaka iyawa. A cikin 2011 a Addis Ababa, Gwamnatin Indiya ta ci gaba da jajircewa don hanzarta canja wurin fasaha tsakanin bangaren [[Magani|magunguna]] da masana'antun Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=New HIV cases decline by half in India: UN report |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/hiv-cases-decline-half-india-2347986 |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hukumar yaki da cutar kanjamau ta kasa (NACO) ta kara yawan cibiyoyin da ke bada maganin rigakafin cutar kyauta daga cibiyoyi 54 zuwa 91, tare da karin cibiyoyi 9 da za su fara aiki nan ba da jimawa ba.  [Yaushe?] An samar da magungunan jinyar marasa lafiya 8,500 a waɗannan cibiyoyin.  Dukkanin cibiyoyin 91 sun horar da likitoci, masu ba da shawara da masu fasaha na dakin gwaje-gwaje don taimakawa wajen fara marasa lafiya a kan ART da kuma ba da kulawa da kulawa yayin da suke kare sirri.  Baya ga ba da magani kyauta, dukkanin cibiyoyin ART suna ba da shawarwari ga masu cutar ta yadda za su rika shan magungunan su akai-akai.  Ci gaba shine mafi mahimmancin mahimmanci don tasiri na dogon lokaci na magungunan ART, kamar yadda rushewa zai iya haifar da juriya na miyagun ƙwayoyi.  A halin yanzu, 40,000 suna kan ART, wanda ake sa ran zai haura 85,000 nan da Maris. 

Da take mayar da martani ga wata koke da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka gabatar, a shekarar 2010, Kotun Koli ta Indiya ta umurci gwamnatin Indiya da ta samar da magani na biyu na rigakafin cutar kanjamau (ART) ga duk masu fama da cutar kanjamau a cikin kasar, tare da gargadin gwamnati kan watsi da aikinta na tsarin mulki na ba da magani ga masu dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau bisa dalilan karancin kudi, saboda lamari ne na ‘yancin rayuwa a karkashin kundin tsarin mulkin Indiya.  A baya, a wata takardar rantsuwa a gaban Kotun Koli, NACO ta ce maganin ART na layi na biyu ga masu cutar kanjamau, wanda farashin Rs 28,500 kowannensu, ba za a iya ba wa wadanda suka samu &quot;jiyya ta rashin hankali&quot; daga likitoci masu zaman kansu a zagayen farko, wanda farashinsa ya kai Rs 6,500.  Kotun ta yi watsi da duk hujjojin da ke tattare da matsalar kudi da kuma cewa cibiyoyin gwajin cutar kwayar cutar guda 10 ne kawai ake bukata don gwada marasa lafiya don yin hijira daga layin farko na jiyya zuwa layi na biyu, kamar yadda Babban Lauyan da ke wakiltar gwamnati ya bayyana.  Kotun ta kuma bukaci gwamnati da ta bayar da mafita mai tsafta kuma mai iya aiki a cikin mako guda&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 December 2010 |title=SC forces govt to agree to second-line ART to all AIDS patients |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-11/india/28231314_1_hiv-patients-second-line-treatment-second-line-drugs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811135142/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-11/india/28231314_1_hiv-patients-second-line-treatment-second-line-drugs |archive-date=11 August 2011 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adadin kudin da ake kashewa kan cutar kanjamau ya karu a Indiya daga 2003 zuwa 2007 kuma ya ragu da kashi 15% a shekarar 2008 zuwa 2009. A halin yanzu, Indiya tana kashe kusan kashi 5% na kasafin lafiyarta kan cutar kanjamau.  Kashe kudade kan cutar kanjamau na iya haifar da nauyi a fannin kiwon lafiya, wanda ke fuskantar kalubale iri-iri.  Don haka, yana da matukar mahimmanci ga Indiya ta tashi tsaye kan ƙoƙarinta na rigakafin don rage kashe kuɗin da take kashewa a kasafin lafiya kan cutar kanjamau a nan gaba..&lt;ref name=&quot;avert&quot;/&gt;

Baya ga tallafin gwamnati, akwai tushe daban-daban na kasa da kasa kamar UNDP, Bankin Duniya, Elton John AIDS Foundation, [[Hukumar Kula da Ci Gaban Kasa da Kasa ta Amurka|USAID]] da sauransu waɗanda ke tallafawa maganin HIV / AIDS a Indiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Funds and Expenditures {{!}} National AIDS Control Organization {{!}} MoHFW {{!}} GoI |url=http://naco.gov.in/about-us/funds-and-expenditures-0 |access-date=2018-08-28 |website=naco.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 1986, an gano cutar HIV ta farko a Indiya Dr. Suniti Solomon da ɗalibarta Dr. Sellappan Nirmala a cikin karuwai mata shida a [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]].[1][2]  Amma a zahiri a cikin 1980s Sellappan Nirmala ya ziyarci Dr. Kandaraj, masanin ilimin jima'i, a Chennai.  Ya tattara 30 no na samfuran jinin cutar HIV, marasa lafiya ga Dr. Nirmala.  Duk majinyatan sun kasance ma'aikatan jima'i.  Bayan an gabatar da samfuran ga Dr. Suniti Solomon.  Ta kasance mai nazarin halittu.  An gano ta da dukkan samfuran masu dauke da cutar kanjamau kuma ta sanar da rahoton da ya dace ga gwamnatin Indiya.  Mutane 30 ne suka kamu da cutar kanjamau a Indiya. 

A shekara ta 1986, Gwamnatin Indiya ta kafa Kwamitin Kula da Cututtuka na Kasa a cikin Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Kula da Iyali. &lt;ref name=&quot;ODI1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Samuels |first=Fiona |last2=Wagle |first2=Sanju |date=June 2011 |title=Population mobility and HIV and AIDS: review of laws, policies and treaties between Bangladesh, Nepal and India |url=http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=5733&amp;title=hiv-aids-migration-emphasis-bangladesh-nepal-india |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110618075549/http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=5733&amp;title=hiv-aids-migration-emphasis-bangladesh-nepal-india |archive-date=June 18, 2011 |access-date=April 26, 2021 |website=[[Overseas Development Institute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 1992, bisa ga Kwamitin Kula da Cututtukan Cututtuka na Kasa, gwamnati ta kafa Hukumar Kula da Cututtuka ta Kasa (NACO) don kula da manufofi da rigakafi da shirye-shiryen sarrafawa da suka shafi cutar kanjamau da cutar kanjamawa da cutar kansar da kuma Shirin Kula da Cututan Cututtukani na Kasa (NACP) don rigakafin cutar kanjama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About Us &amp;#124; National AIDS Control Organization &amp;#124; MoHFW &amp;#124; GoI |url=http://naco.gov.in/about-us |website=naco.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 October 1993 |title=The next battleground: AIDS in India |url=https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/the-next-battleground-aids-in-india/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya, an kafa Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtukan Cututtuka na Jiha (SACS) a jihohi da yankunan ƙungiyar. SACS tana aiwatar da shirin NACO a matakin jiha, amma suna da 'yancin kai na aiki don haɓaka da kirkire-kirkire.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=SACS &amp;#124; National AIDS Control Organization &amp;#124; MoHFW &amp;#124; GoI |url=http://naco.gov.in/sacs |website=naco.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; An aiwatar da matakin farko daga 1992 zuwa 1999 kuma an mayar da hankali kan saka idanu kan yawan kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau tsakanin mutanen da ke cikin haɗari a cikin yankunan birane da aka zaɓa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ODI1&quot;/&gt;

A cikin 1999, an gabatar da mataki na biyu na Shirin Kula da Cututtukan Cututtuka na Kasa (NACP II) don rage isar da kwayar cutar kanjamau ta hanyar inganta canjin halayyar. An kirkiro rigakafin shirin watsawa daga uwa zuwa yaro (PMTCT) da kuma samar da maganin antiretroviral.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kadri |first=AM |last2=Kumar |first2=Pradeep |date=June 2012 |title=Institutionalization of the NACP and Way Ahead |journal=Indian J Community Med |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=83–88 |doi=10.4103/0970-0218.96088 |pmc=3361806 |pmid=22654280 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa Majalisar Kasa kan cutar kanjamau a wannan matakin, wanda ya kunshi ma'aikatu 31 kuma Firayim Minista ne ke jagoranta.&lt;ref name=&quot;ODI1&quot;/&gt; Sashe na biyu ya gudana tsakanin 1999 da 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;ODI1&quot; /&gt;

Wani bincike na 2006 da aka buga a mujallar likitancin Burtaniya The Lancet ya ruwaito kusan kashi 30 cikin 100 na raguwar kamuwa da cutar kanjamau daga 2000 zuwa 2004 a tsakanin mata masu shekaru 15 zuwa 24 da ke halartar asibitocin daukar ciki a wasu zababbun jihohin kudancin Indiya, inda ake tunanin cutar ta ta'allaka ne.  Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa yawancin matan aure a Indiya, duk da cewa suna yin auren mace ɗaya kuma ba su da halayen haɗari, suna samun kwayar cutar HIV daga mazajensu kuma gwajin HIV na mazan da ke da aure na iya zama dabarun rigakafin cutar HIV ga yawancin jama'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Aritra |last2=Babu |first2=Giridhara R. |last3=Ghosh |first3=Puspen |last4=Mahapatra |first4=Tanmay |last5=Malmgren |first5=Roberta |last6=Detels |first6=Roger |date=1 December 2013 |title=Epidemiologic correlates of willingness to be tested for HIV and prior testing among married men in India |journal=International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS |volume=24 |issue=12 |pages=957–968 |doi=10.1177/0956462413488568 |pmc=5568248 |pmid=23970619}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekara ta 2007, mataki na uku na Shirin Kula da Cututtukan Cututtuka na Kasa (NACP III) ya yi niyya ga kungiyoyi masu haɗari kuma ya gudanar da shirye-shiryen fadakarwa. Har ila yau, ya rarraba ƙoƙari ga matakan gida da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) don samar da ayyukan jin dadin wadanda abin ya shafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;avert&quot;/&gt; Shirin dala biliyan 2.5 ya sami tallafi daga UNAIDS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=India: Driving forward an effective AIDS response |url=http://www.unaids.org/en/KnowledgeCentre/Resources/FeatureStories/archive/2007/20070622_India_National_AIDS_control_plan_III.asp |access-date=6 April 2018 |website=unaids.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mataki na uku ya kara yawan abubuwan da aka yi niyya, da nufin dakatar da kuma juyar da annobar ta hanyar hada shirye-shirye don rigakafi, kulawa, tallafi, da magani.&lt;ref name=&quot;ODI1&quot;/&gt; A ƙarshen shekara ta 2008, matakan da aka yi niyya sun rufe kusan 932,000 daga cikin waɗanda suka fi haɗari, ko 52% na ƙungiyoyin da aka yi amfani da su (49% na ma'aikatan jima'i mata, 65% na masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, da 66% na maza waɗanda ke yin jima'i da maza). &lt;ref name=&quot;ODI1&quot; /&gt;

An yi wasu ƙoƙari don daidaita wallafe-wallafen ilimi ga waɗanda ke da ƙananan matakan karatu da rubutu, galibi ta hanyar ɗakunan karatu na gida. Ƙarin wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar da haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa yana daidai da sanarwar duniya kan 'yancin ɗan adam.

A shekara ta 2009, Indiya ta kafa manufofin HIV da AIDS na kasa da kuma Duniya na Aiki, wanda ke neman kawo karshen nuna bambanci ga ma'aikata bisa ga ainihin ko kuma halin da ake ciki na HIV.&lt;ref name=&quot;ODI1&quot;/&gt; A karkashin wannan manufofin, ana ƙarfafa dukkan kamfanoni su kafa manufofi da shirye-shiryen wurin aiki bisa ka'idodin rashin nuna bambanci, daidaito tsakanin jinsi, yanayin aiki mai kyau, rashin tantancewa don manufar aiki, sirri, rigakafi, da kulawa da tallafi.&lt;ref name=&quot;ODI1&quot; /&gt; Masu bincike a Cibiyar Ci Gaban Kasashen Waje sun yi kira ga karin hankali ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura, waɗanda damuwarsu game da matsayin ƙaura na iya barin su musamman cikin rauni.&lt;ref name=&quot;ODI1&quot; /&gt;

Babu wata hukuma da ke da alhakin aiwatar da manufar rashin nuna bambanci;  a maimakon haka, an samar da wata hanya ta bangarori daban-daban da ta shafi yakin wayar da kan jama'a a kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.  Kungiyar ta AIDS Bhedbhav Virodhi Andolan (AIDs Anti-Discrimination Movement) ta shirya rahotannin 'yan kasa da dama da ke kalubalantar manufofin nuna wariya, tare da shigar da kara a babbar kotun Delhi game da shirin raba maza masu luwadi a gidajen yari.  Wasan kwaikwayo mai suna High Fidelity Transmission na Rajesh Talwar ya mayar da hankali kan nuna wariya, mahimmancin amfani da kwaroron roba, da gwajin rigakafin haramtacciyar hanya.  Shirye-shiryen talabijin da fina-finai masu alaka da cutar kanjamau sun fito a cikin ’yan shekarun da suka gabata, galibi a wani yunƙuri na jawo hankalin masu matsakaicin matsayi.  Wani muhimmin sashi na waɗannan shirye-shiryen shine nunin mutanen da ke fama da cutar HIV/AIDS suna hulɗa da waɗanda ba su kamu da cutar ba a rayuwar yau da kullun..

Dangane da rahoton UNDP na 2010, Indiya tana da mutane miliyan 2.395 da ke ɗauke da cutar kanjamau a ƙarshen 2009, sama da miliyan 2.27 a 2008. Yawan manya kuma ya tashi daga 0.29% a 2008 zuwa 0.31% a 2009.[1].  Kafa cibiyoyin tantance masu cutar kanjamau shine matakin farko da gwamnati ta dauka na tantance 'yan kasar da kuma bankin jini. 

Yawan cutar kanjamau a Indiya ya ragu daga kimanin kashi 0.41 cikin 100 a shekarar 2000 zuwa kashi 0.31 cikin 100 a shekarar 2009. Yawan cutar kanjamau a matakin kasa ya ragu musamman a jihohi da dama, amma har yanzu akwai bambancin a fadin jihohi.  Hakanan ana samun raguwar yanayin a cikin cutar HIV a tsakanin mutane masu shekaru 15-24.

Wani rahoto na 2012 ya bayyana bukatar ba da shawara ga matasa game da cutar kanjamau.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mothi |first=SN |last2=Swamy |first2=VH |last3=Lala |first3=MM |last4=Karpagam |first4=S |last5=Gangakhedkar |first5=RR |date=December 2012 |title=Adolescents living with HIV in India - the clock is ticking. |journal=Indian Journal of Pediatrics |volume=79 |issue=12 |pages=1642–7 |doi=10.1007/s12098-012-0902-x |pmid=23150229 |s2cid=2346814}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da bayanan NACO, Indiya ta sami raguwar kashi 57% a cikin ƙididdigar sabbin cututtukan HIV na shekara-shekara, daga 274,000 a cikin 2000 zuwa 116,000 a cikin 2011, kuma ƙididdigat yawan mutanen da ke zaune tare da HIV ya kai miliyan 2.08 a cikin 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=World AIDS Day: India records sharp drop in number of cases |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/world-aids-day-india-records-sharp-drop-in-number-of-cases-299730 |access-date=6 April 2018 |website=ndtv.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar NACO, yaduwar cutar kanjamau a Indiya a shekarar 2015 ya kai 0.26%, daga 0.41% a 2002; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=World AIDS Day: India records sharp drop in number of cases |url=http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/news/world-aids-day-india-records-sharp-drop-in-number-of-cases/299798 |access-date=6 April 2023 |website=ndtv.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; a 2023, ya tashi zuwa 0.39%. &lt;ref name=&quot;CIA2&quot;/&gt;

== Al'umma da al'adu ==

=== Dokar HIV / AIDS (Kariya da Kulawa) 2014 ===
Dokar HIV / AIDS (Kariya da Kulawa) ta 2014, wacce ta nemi kawo karshen zargi da nuna bambanci ga mutanen da ke dauke da cutar kanjamau a wuraren aiki, asibitoci da al'umma yayin da suke tabbatar da sirrin mai haƙuri, an gabatar da ita a cikin Rajya Sabha a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu 2014, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 February 2014 |title=HIV/Aids bill tabled in Rajya Sabha |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/385858/hivaids-bill-tabled-rajya-sabha.html |website=Deccan Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an zartar da ita a ranar 21 ga Maris 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 February 2014 |title=Bill to end HIV/AIDS discrimination introduced in Rajya Sabha |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/health/health-news/bill-to-end-hiv/aids-discrimination-introduced-in-rajya-sabha_26637.html |website=Zee News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Nikita |date=December 2016 |title=Decoded: The Good and Bad of the HIV Bill Passed by Rajya Sabha |url=https://www.thequint.com/fitness/2016/12/01/world-aids-day-hiv-bill-weak-and-watered-down-prevention-bill-to-be-tabled-in-the-parliament-activists-fuming |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324083538/https://www.thequint.com/fitness/2016/12/01/world-aids-day-hiv-bill-weak-and-watered-down-prevention-bill-to-be-tabled-in-the-parliament-activists-fuming |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=23 March 2017 |website=www.thequint.com |publisher=The Quint}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shari'a don samun damar samun magani ===

* ''Kungiyar Lafiya ta son rai ta Punjab v. Union of India''
* ''Ƙaunar Rayuwa ta Ƙungiyar Indiya da Sauran''
* ''Wahengbam Joykumar v. Union of India &amp; Others''
* ''Cibiyar sadarwa ta Delhi ta Mutanen da suka dace &amp; Wani v. Union of India &amp; Sauran''

=== Marayu ===
[[Fayil:Love_for_all_the_other_AIDS_Orphans.jpg|thumb|Marayu da suka rasa iyaye ga cutar kanjamau suna murna da Ranar Cutar kanjamau ta Duniya a Hyderabad, Indiya.]]
Akwai yara miliyan 2 a Indiya waɗanda suka rasa iyaye ɗaya ko duka biyu saboda cutar kanjamau.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Har ila yau, akwai miliyoyin yara masu rauni da ke zaune a Indiya, ko yara &quot;waɗanda rayuwarsu, jin daɗinsu, ko ci gaba ke fuskantar barazana saboda yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar kanjamau / AIDS, kuma yawan waɗannan marayu na cutar kanjamawa za su ci gaba da girma. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shetty |first=Avinash |date=January 2003 |title=Children orphaned by AIDS: A global perspective |journal=Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=25–31 |doi=10.1053/spid.2003.127214 |pmid=12748919}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kumar |first=Anant |date=29 March 2012 |title=AIDS Orphans and Vulnerable Children in India: Problems, Prospects, and Concerns |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223968099 |journal=Social Work in Public Health |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=205–212 |doi=10.1080/19371918.2010.525136 |pmid=22486426 |s2cid=40952372}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saboda mummunan magani da rashin albarkatu ga waɗannan yara, marayu na cutar kanjamau da yara masu rauni a Indiya suna cikin haɗari ga rashin lafiya da ilimi. Har ila yau, suna cikin haɗari mafi girma don kamuwa da cutar kanjamau da kansu, [[Ayyukan yara a Indiya|aikin yara]], [[Safarar Mutane|fataucin mutane]], da [[karuwanci]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2 November 2017 |title=An In-depth Study of Psychological Distress among Orphan Children Living in Institutional Care in New Delhi and their Coping Mechanisms |url=https://iussp.confex.com/iussp/ipc2017/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/5863 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043945/https://iussp.confex.com/iussp/ipc2017/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/5863 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=2019-02-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Stigma ====
Marayu masu cutar kanjamau galibi ana kula da su ta hanyar dangi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gilborn |first=Laelia Zoe |date=January 2002 |title=The effects of HIV infection and AIDS on children in Africa |journal=Western Journal of Medicine |volume=176 |issue=1 |pages=12–14 |doi=10.1136/ewjm.176.1.12 |issn=0093-0415 |pmc=1071640 |pmid=11788529}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan dangi masu tsawo na iya zama masu rauni, saboda sau da yawa sun tsufa ko marasa lafiya da kansu. Wani binciken daga shekara ta 2004 ya gano cewa marayu da yawa na cutar kanjamau sun ji cewa &quot;masu kula da su sun ji kamar za su iya buƙatar wani abu daga gare su&quot;  saboda babu wanda zai iya ɗaukar su.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Csete |first=Joanne |date=2004-06-01 |title=Missed Opportunities: Human rights and the politics of HIV/AIDS |journal=Development |language=en |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=83–90 |doi=10.1057/palgrave.development.1100033 |issn=1461-7072 |s2cid=86386789 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan yara na iya tilasta su kula da ɗan'uwa ko wasu 'yan uwa, don haka suna zaune a gidansu na asali ko da bayan iyayensu sun mutu. Yara na iya damuwa game da kwace ƙasar da masu gidaje ko maƙwabta suka yi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ghanashyam |first=Bharathi |date=2010-01-30 |title=India failing children orphaned by AIDS |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)60151-1/abstract |journal=The Lancet |language=en |volume=375 |issue=9712 |pages=363–364 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60151-1 |issn=0140-6736 |pmid=20135747 |s2cid=26411019 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saboda lalacewar da ke kewaye da cutar kanjamau a Indiya, ana kula da yara na iyaye masu dauke da cutar kansar ba kuma galibi ba su da damar samun albarkatun asali. Binciken da Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Karkara ta yi a [[Jharkhand]] ya nuna cewa kashi 35% na yara na manya masu kamu da kwayar cutar kanjamau an hana su abubuwan more rayuwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;/&gt; Abubuwa kamar abinci mai kyau galibi ba a ba marayu na cutar kanjamau ta iyalansu ko masu kula da su ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; Wannan, haɗe da cin zarafin da marayu da yawa ke fuskanta, yana haifar da yawan mace-mace tsakanin marayu na cutar kanjamau.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mukiza-Gapere |first=Jackson |last2=Ntozi |first2=James P. M. |date=1995 |title=Care for AIDS orphans in Uganda: findings from focus group discussions |url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/41300 |journal=Health Transition Review |language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt; An nuna yawan ilimi mafi girma a cikin masu kulawa don rage wannan zargi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Messer |first=Lynne C. |last2=Pence |first2=Brian W. |last3=Whetten |first3=Kathryn |last4=Whetten |first4=Rachel |last5=Thielman |first5=Nathan |last6=O'Donnell |first6=Karen |last7=Ostermann |first7=Jan |date=2010-08-19 |title=Prevalence and predictors of HIV-related stigma among institutional- and community-based caregivers of orphans and vulnerable children living in five less-wealthy countries |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=504 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-10-504 |issn=1471-2458 |pmc=2936424 |pmid=20723246 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sau da yawa ba a yarda da marayu na cutar kanjamau a gidajen marayu saboda damuwa cewa suna iya samun cutar kanjamaun da kansu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2004-07-28 |title=Future Forsaken {{!}} Abuses Against Children Affected by HIV/AIDS in India |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2004/07/28/future-forsaken/abuses-against-children-affected-hiv/aids-india |language=en |access-date=2019-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Marayu na cutar kanjamau sun fi fuskantar zalunci daga abokai ko dangi saboda wulakanci game da cutar kanjamaun daji / AIDS a Indiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kumar |first=SG Prem |last2=Dandona |first2=Rakhi |last3=Kumar |first3=G. Anil |last4=Ramgopal |first4=SP |last5=Dandona |first5=Lalit |date=8 April 2014 |title=Depression among AIDS-orphaned children higher than among other orphaned children in southern India |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261442094 |journal=International Journal of Mental Health Systems |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=13 |doi=10.1186/1752-4458-8-13 |pmc=4016624 |pmid=24708649 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mutane na iya yin kuskuren gaskata cewa ana iya kamu da kwayar cutar kanjamau ta hanyar kusanci, don haka waɗannan marayu na iya rasa abokai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Salaam |first=Tiaji |date=11 February 2005 |title=AIDS Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC): Problems, Responses, and Issues for Congress |url=http://ovcsupport.org/wp-content/uploads/Documents/AIDS_Orphans_and_Vulnerable_Children_OVC_Problems_Responses_and_Issues_for_Congress_1.pdf |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sau da yawa, matan da suka mutu da cutar HIV / AIDS suna fuskantar zargi saboda tasirin da aka yi wa yaransu,  yayin da iyalai ke fuskantar warewa a lokacin rashin lafiya da kuma bayan haka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Van Hollen |first=Cecilia |date=2010-12-01 |title=HIV/AIDS and the Gendering of Stigma in Tamil Nadu, South India |url=https://surface.syr.edu/ant/2 |journal=Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry |language=en |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=633–657 |doi=10.1007/s11013-010-9192-9 |issn=1573-076X |pmid=20842521 |s2cid=28534016 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyaye galibi suna rasa ayyukansu saboda nuna bambanci a wurin aiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Todres |first=Jonathan |date=December 2007 |title=Rights Relationships and the Experience of Children Orphaned by AIDS |journal=UC Davis Law Review |volume=41}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] ta sami shari'o'i da yawa na cin zarafin jima'i tsakanin marayu na cutar kanjamau, wanda sau da yawa yakan haifar da fataucin mutane da karuwanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;/&gt; Bincike ya nuna cewa karuwar ingancin maganin HIV da kulawa na iya rage wannan nuna bambanci sosai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;/&gt;

==== Lafiyar kwakwalwa ====
Sakamakon motsin rai da zamantakewa ga marayu na cutar kanjamau yana da lahani sosai ga lafiyarsu da rayuwarsu ta gaba. Musamman, lafiyar kwakwalwa ta marayu na cutar kanjamau a Indiya ta nuna ta fi muni fiye da na yara da suka kasance marayu saboda wasu dalilai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Kafin su zama marayu, 'ya'yan mutanen da ke fama da cutar kanjamau suna fuskantar matsaloli da yawa. Akwai &quot;mummunar rauni ta motsin rai&quot; da ke da alaƙa da samun iyaye marasa lafiya da kwayar cutar kanjamau, kuma yaron sau da yawa yana damuwa game da karancin albarkatu, rabuwa da 'yan uwa, da baƙin ciki game da mutuwar iyayen da ke gabatowa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt; Yayinda iyaye ke rashin lafiya, yaro na iya fuskantar dogon lokaci na rashin tabbas da rikice-rikicen episodic, wanda ke rage ma'anar yaro na tsaro da kwanciyar hankali.

Binciken da aka yi a gidajen marayu a [[Hyderabad]] ya nuna cewa marayu a Indiya waɗanda suka rasa ɗaya ko duka iyaye biyu ga cutar kanjamau sun ninka sau 1.3 da yiwuwar yin baƙin ciki a asibiti kamar yadda yara marayu suka kasance saboda wasu dalilai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Bugu da kari, binciken ya nuna babban baƙin ciki tsakanin kananan marayu na cutar kanjamau, yayin da a wasu marayu galibi ana ganin shi a cikin tsofaffi. An kuma yi bambanci tsakanin jinsi; 'yan mata marayu saboda cutar kanjamau suna da mafi girman baƙin ciki fiye da yara maza.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

==== Ilimi ====
Domin yara marayu da marasa galihu da cutar kanjamau ke fama da cutar kanjamau sau da yawa suna da ’yan uwa da suka rasu ko kuma ba su da lafiya, a kan tilasta musu yin aikin yi tun suna kanana don ciyar da iyalinsu, wanda hakan ke haifar da karancin zuwa makaranta ko kuma a tilasta musu barin makaranta gaba daya.  Misali, marayu da suka rasa ubansu a dalilin cutar kanjamau, galibi ana tilasta musu yin aiki mai hatsarin gaske ko kuma aikin hannu.  Marayu da suka rasa iyayensu suna aikin gida da kula da yara.  An fi fitar da 'yan mata daga makaranta don taimakawa da aikin gida da kuma kula da iyaye marasa lafiya.  Bincike ya nuna cewa kashi 17% na yaran da ke da iyayen da suka kamu da cutar kanjamau sun ɗauki aiki don taimaka wa kuɗin shiga gida..&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;/&gt;

Kudin magani ga cutar kanjamau yana da yawa sosai cewa iyalai da yawa galibi ba su da hanyar biyan kuɗin kulawa ko ilimi na yaro.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;/&gt; Idan an tilasta wa yaro ya bar makaranta don ya ɗauki ƙarin alhakin a gida saboda rashin lafiya na iyayensa, ana kiran yaron maraya &quot;de facto&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;/&gt; Babu wata alaƙa da aka samu tsakanin jinsi da haɗarin sakamako mara kyau na ilimi ko haɗarin barin makaranta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sinha |first=Aakanksha |last2=Lombe |first2=Margaret |last3=Saltzman |first3=Leia Y. |last4=Whetten |first4=Kathryn |last5=Whetten |first5=Rachel |date=March 2016 |title=Exploring Factors Associated with Educational Outcomes for Orphan and Abandoned Children in India |journal=Global Social Welfare |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=23–32 |doi=10.1007/s40609-016-0043-7 |issn=2196-8799 |pmc=4830269 |pmid=27088068}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda zargi, ana fitar da marayu da yawa da suka shafi cutar HIV / AIDS daga makaranta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;/&gt;

A cikin wani binciken kan ilimin marayu a Indiya, an gano lafiyar mai kula da ita tana da matukar muhimmanci wajen tantance ko marayu yana cikin ma'auni na ilimi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Lokacin da mai kula da farko ya kasance cikin rashin lafiya, yiwuwar maraya kasancewa a matakin da aka yi niyya ya ragu da kashi 54%.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

==== Amsoshin ====
Duk da yake bincike da yawa sun shiga cikin shirye-shiryen al'umma don marayu na cutar kanjamau, kawai 'yan ƙoƙari ne ke mai da hankali kan ceton rayukan iyayen da suka kamu da cutar kanjamaun daji da kansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Beckerman |first=Karen Palmore |date=2002-04-06 |title=Mothers, orphans, and prevention of paediatric AIDS |journal=The Lancet |language=en |volume=359 |issue=9313 |pages=1168–1169 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08248-X |pmid=11955530 |s2cid=46158295}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lokacin kwatanta kulawar da aka kafa da kulawar al'umma, binciken ya nuna cewa akwai karancin nuna bambanci a cikin tsohon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;/&gt; Koyaya, gwamnatin Indiya ta yi amfani da kafa marayu a matsayin al'ada, kuma ba su bincika wasu zaɓuɓɓuka ba kamar haɓaka ko kula da al'umma ga marayu na cutar kanjamau.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;/&gt;

Indiya ta yi alkawarin samar da mafi kyawun albarkatu ga marayu na cutar kanjamau a Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Musamman kan HIV / AIDS a shekara ta 2001.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; A shekara ta 2007, Indiya ita ce ƙasa ta farko a Kudancin Asiya da ta haifar da martani na kasa ga yara da cutar kanjamau ta shafa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ackerman Gulaid |first=Laurie |title=National responses for children affected by AIDS: Review of progress and lessons learned |url=https://www.unicef.org/aids/files/NPA_Review_Final__13_August_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321044020/http://www.unicef.org/aids/files/NPA_Review_Final__13_August_.pdf |archive-date=21 March 2009 |access-date=11 April 2019 |website=Unicef}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indiya ta kirkiro Tsarin Manufofin Yara, wanda ke da burin samar da albarkatu ga akalla 80% na yara da cutar HIV / AIDS ta shafa. Wannan manufofin suna ɗaukar tsarin haƙƙin mallaka. Koyaya, wannan manufofin ya kasa magance yawancin abubuwan da ke tattare da kula da marayu na cutar kanjamau, gami da cin zarafin zamantakewa da nuna bambanci, rashin ilimi, da abinci mai gina jiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;/&gt;

An kirkiro Dokar Shari'a ta Yara (Kariya da Kare Yara) ta 2015 don samar da marayu da yara masu rauni a Indiya da albarkatun da suka dace.

== Dubi kuma ==

=== Jerin cibiyoyin ART ===
Wadannan cibiyoyin suna ba da maganin antiretroviral (ART) ga marasa lafiya.

* [http://naco.gov.in/sites/default/files/List%20of%20ARTC.pdf Jerin ARTCs]
* [http://cnls.lanl.gov/~rajan/AIDS-india/doctors.html HOSPITALS da Dokta na musamman akan cutar kanjamau / AIDS]

=== Kungiyoyin da ba na gwamnati ba ===
Wadannan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ne da ke aiki a Indiya don rigakafin cutar kanjamau / AIDS da kuma samun damar magani da magani. Wadannan cibiyoyin kuma suna ba da tallafin zamantakewar al'umma ta hanyar ba da shawara, suna aiki a matsayin gada tsakanin asibiti da kula da gida.
 

== Manazarta ==
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Rashin sinadarai a wurin</title>
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'''In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO'''), wani nau'i na ci gaba da tsari na oxidation, wata hanyar [[Gyara muhalli]] ce da ake amfani da ita don gyara ƙasa da / ko ruwa na ƙasa don rage yawan gurɓataccen muhalli zuwa matakan da aka yarda da su. ISCO ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar gabatar da sinadarai masu karfi a cikin matsakaici mai gurbatawa (ƙasa ko ruwa mai zurfi) don lalata gurbataccen sinadarai &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwFw&quot;&gt;a wurin&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Ana iya amfani da shi don magance nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta iri-iri, gami da wasu waɗanda ke tsayayya da lalacewar halitta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.clu-in.org/download/citizens/oxidation.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224090601/http://www.clu-in.org/download/citizens/oxidation.pdf |archive-date=December 24, 2010 |access-date=February 11, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; In situ a cikin ISCO shine kawai Latin don &quot;a wurin&quot;, yana nuna cewa ISCO shine sinadarin sinadarai wanda ke faruwa a shafin gurɓatawar.

Magani da wasu abubuwa masu kwayoyin halitta kamar su chlorinated solvents (trichloroethene da tetrachloroethene), da kuma mahaɗan da ke da alaƙa da man fetur ([[benzene]], Toluene, ethylbenzene. Wasu gurɓataccen abu za a iya sa su da ƙarancin guba ta hanyar sinadarai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.mecx.net/papers/SOQs/MECX%20Environmental%20Consulting%20%26%20%20Remediation%20SOQ.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105122043/http://www.mecx.net/papers/SOQs/MECX%20Environmental%20Consulting%20%26%20%20Remediation%20SOQ.pdf |archive-date=November 5, 2018 |access-date=January 22, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yawancin gurɓataccen ruwa na ƙasa suna amsawa sosai ga ISCO, don haka sanannen hanya ce don amfani.&lt;ref name=&quot;epa&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Huling |first=Scott G. |last2=Bruce E. Pivetz |date=August 2006 |title=In-Situ Chemical Oxidation |url=http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r06072/600r06072.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Engineering Issue of EPA (USA Environmental Protection Agency) |publisher=United States Environmental Protection Agency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117055515/http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600R06072/600R06072.pdf |archive-date=January 17, 2008 |access-date=Nov 19, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Fenton's reagent (hydrogen peroxide catalyzed with iron) da potassium permanganate sune oxidants da aka yi amfani da su mafi tsawo kuma suna ci gaba da amfani da su ko'ina. An fara amfani da hydrogen peroxide a shekarar 1985 don magance zubar da formaldehyde a Monsanto's Indian Orchard Plant a Springfield, Massachusetts. A wannan shafin, an yi amfani da maganin 10% na hydrogen peroxide a cikin fuka-fuki na formaldehyde. An fara amfani da reagent na Fenton don magance wuraren hydrocarbon inda benzene, toluene, da ethylbenzene suke.

Hydrogen peroxide yana da tasiri ga masu narkewa kamar yadda permanganate yake, wanda kuma ya zama mai gyarawa.

An gabatar da Sodium persulfate don ISCO a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 saboda iyakancewa wajen amfani da peroxide ko permanganate a matsayin oxidants. Takamaiman permanganate (masu narkewa masu chlorinated suna buƙatar haɗin biyu) da amfani da kayan da ba a yi niyya ba a cikin ƙasa misalai ne na waɗannan iyakoki. Persulfate ya fi kwanciyar hankali, yana kula da abubuwa masu gurɓataccen yanayi, kuma kwayoyin ƙasa ba su cinye shi cikin sauƙi.

=== Permanganate ===
Ana amfani da Permanganate a cikin maganin ruwa na ƙasa a cikin nau'in potassium permanganate (KMnO4) da sodium permanganate (NaMnO4). Dukkanin mahadi suna da irin wannan ƙarfin oxidizing da iyakoki kuma suna amsawa kamar yadda yake ga gurɓataccen abu. Babban bambanci tsakanin sunadarai guda biyu shine cewa potassium permanganate ba shi da narkewa fiye da sodium permanganat.&lt;ref name=&quot;cahners&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amarante |first=David |date=Feb 2000 |title=Applying In Situ Chemical Oxidation |journal=Pollution Engineering |publisher=Cahners Business Information}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Potassium permanganate wani abu ne mai ƙarfi wanda yawanci ana narke shi cikin ruwa kafin a yi amfani da shi zuwa wurin da aka gurbata.&lt;ref name=&quot;epa2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Huling |first=Scott G. |last2=Bruce E. Pivetz |date=August 2006 |title=In-Situ Chemical Oxidation |url=http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r06072/600r06072.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Engineering Issue of EPA (USA Environmental Protection Agency) |publisher=United States Environmental Protection Agency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117055515/http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600R06072/600R06072.pdf |archive-date=January 17, 2008 |access-date=Nov 19, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abin takaici, solubility na potassium permanganate ya dogara da zafin jiki. Saboda zafin jiki a cikin ruwa yawanci ƙasa da zafin jiki ne a yankin da aka gauraya maganin, potassium permanganate ya sake zama abu mai ƙarfi. Wannan abu mai ƙarfi ba ya amsawa tare da gurɓataccen abu. Bayan lokaci, permanganate zai sake zama mai narkewa, amma tsarin yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;epa2&quot; /&gt; An nuna wannan fili don yin shayarwa da gurbataccen abubuwa daban-daban amma sananne ne don yin sharar gida kamar su [[perchloroethylene]] (PCE), [[trichloroethylene]] (TCE), da [[vinyl chloride]] (VC). &lt;ref name=&quot;cahners2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amarante |first=David |date=Feb 2000 |title=Applying In Situ Chemical Oxidation |journal=Pollution Engineering |publisher=Cahners Business Information}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, potassium permanganate ba zai iya yin amfani da iskar diesel, man fetur, ko [[BTEX]] ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;cahners2&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5648" sha1="1fzebul8y4pn1mg8qij2s63caw1izuc" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO'''), wani nau'i na ci gaba da tsari na oxidation, wata hanyar [[Gyara muhalli]] ce da ake amfani da ita don gyara ƙasa da / ko ruwa na ƙasa don rage yawan gurɓataccen muhalli zuwa matakan da aka yarda da su. ISCO ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar gabatar da sinadarai masu ƙarfi a cikin matsakaici mai gurbatawa (ƙasa ko ruwa mai zurfi) don lalata gurbataccen sinadarai &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwFw&quot;&gt;a wurin&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Ana iya amfani da shi don magance nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta iri-iri, gami da wasu waɗanda ke tsayayya da lalacewar halitta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.clu-in.org/download/citizens/oxidation.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224090601/http://www.clu-in.org/download/citizens/oxidation.pdf |archive-date=December 24, 2010 |access-date=February 11, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; In situ a cikin ISCO shine kawai Latin don &quot;a wurin&quot;, yana nuna cewa ISCO shine sinadarin sinadarai wanda ke faruwa a shafin gurɓatawar.

Magani da wasu abubuwa masu kwayoyin halitta kamar su chlorinated solvents (trichloroethene da tetrachloroethene), da kuma mahaɗan da ke da alaƙa da man fetur ([[benzene]], Toluene, ethylbenzene. Wasu gurɓataccen abu za a iya sa su da ƙarancin guba ta hanyar sinadarai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.mecx.net/papers/SOQs/MECX%20Environmental%20Consulting%20%26%20%20Remediation%20SOQ.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105122043/http://www.mecx.net/papers/SOQs/MECX%20Environmental%20Consulting%20%26%20%20Remediation%20SOQ.pdf |archive-date=November 5, 2018 |access-date=January 22, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yawancin gurɓataccen ruwa na ƙasa suna amsawa sosai ga ISCO, don haka sanannen hanya ce don amfani.&lt;ref name=&quot;epa&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Huling |first=Scott G. |last2=Bruce E. Pivetz |date=August 2006 |title=In-Situ Chemical Oxidation |url=http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r06072/600r06072.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Engineering Issue of EPA (USA Environmental Protection Agency) |publisher=United States Environmental Protection Agency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117055515/http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600R06072/600R06072.pdf |archive-date=January 17, 2008 |access-date=Nov 19, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Fenton's reagent (hydrogen peroxide catalyzed with iron) da potassium permanganate sune oxidants da aka yi amfani da su mafi tsawo kuma suna ci gaba da amfani da su ko'ina. An fara amfani da hydrogen peroxide a shekarar 1985 don magance zubar da formaldehyde a Monsanto's Indian Orchard Plant a Springfield, Massachusetts. A wannan shafin, an yi amfani da maganin 10% na hydrogen peroxide a cikin fuka-fuki na formaldehyde. An fara amfani da reagent na Fenton don magance wuraren hydrocarbon inda benzene, toluene, da ethylbenzene suke.

Hydrogen peroxide yana da tasiri ga masu narkewa kamar yadda permanganate yake, wanda kuma ya zama mai gyarawa.

An gabatar da Sodium persulfate don ISCO a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 saboda iyakancewa wajen amfani da peroxide ko permanganate a matsayin oxidants. Takamaiman permanganate (masu narkewa masu chlorinated suna buƙatar haɗin biyu) da amfani da kayan da ba a yi niyya ba a cikin ƙasa misalai ne na waɗannan iyakoki. Persulfate ya fi kwanciyar hankali, yana kula da abubuwa masu gurɓataccen yanayi, kuma kwayoyin ƙasa ba su cinye shi cikin sauƙi.

=== Permanganate ===
Ana amfani da Permanganate a cikin maganin ruwa na ƙasa a cikin nau'in potassium permanganate (KMnO4) da sodium permanganate (NaMnO4). Dukkanin mahadi suna da irin wannan ƙarfin oxidizing da iyakoki kuma suna amsawa kamar yadda yake ga gurɓataccen abu. Babban bambanci tsakanin sunadarai guda biyu shine cewa potassium permanganate ba shi da narkewa fiye da sodium permanganat.&lt;ref name=&quot;cahners&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amarante |first=David |date=Feb 2000 |title=Applying In Situ Chemical Oxidation |journal=Pollution Engineering |publisher=Cahners Business Information}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Potassium permanganate wani abu ne mai ƙarfi wanda yawanci ana narke shi cikin ruwa kafin a yi amfani da shi zuwa wurin da aka gurbata.&lt;ref name=&quot;epa2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Huling |first=Scott G. |last2=Bruce E. Pivetz |date=August 2006 |title=In-Situ Chemical Oxidation |url=http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r06072/600r06072.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Engineering Issue of EPA (USA Environmental Protection Agency) |publisher=United States Environmental Protection Agency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117055515/http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600R06072/600R06072.pdf |archive-date=January 17, 2008 |access-date=Nov 19, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abin takaici, solubility na potassium permanganate ya dogara da zafin jiki. Saboda zafin jiki a cikin ruwa yawanci ƙasa da zafin jiki ne a yankin da aka gauraya maganin, potassium permanganate ya sake zama abu mai ƙarfi. Wannan abu mai ƙarfi ba ya amsawa tare da gurɓataccen abu. Bayan lokaci, permanganate zai sake zama mai narkewa, amma tsarin yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;epa2&quot; /&gt; An nuna wannan fili don yin shayarwa da gurbataccen abubuwa daban-daban amma sananne ne don yin sharar gida kamar su [[perchloroethylene]] (PCE), [[trichloroethylene]] (TCE), da [[vinyl chloride]] (VC). &lt;ref name=&quot;cahners2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amarante |first=David |date=Feb 2000 |title=Applying In Situ Chemical Oxidation |journal=Pollution Engineering |publisher=Cahners Business Information}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, potassium permanganate ba zai iya yin amfani da iskar diesel, man fetur, ko [[BTEX]] ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;cahners2&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jakob Blasel</title>
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[[Fayil:Jakob_Blasel-republica19.jpg|thumb|Blasel a cikin re:publica 2019]]
'''Jakob Blasel''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 2000) ɗan gwagwarmayar yanayi ne na Jamus  kuma ɗan siyasa na Alliance 90 / The Greens .

== Rayuwa ==
Jakob Blasel ya girma a Kronshagen kusa da Kiel . Yana da ƴan uwansa maza biyu kuma an haife shi Katolika.[1] Ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Kronshagen, inda ya kasance mataimakin wakilin dalibai a shekarar makaranta ta 2017/18, kuma ya kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare inda a shekarar 2019.[2] Ya kuma kasance yana karatun shari'a tun daga shekarar hunturu ta shekarar 2020/21

== Jumma'a don Nan gaba ==
Jakob Blasel ya kasance daya daga cikin ƙungiyar shirya sashen Jamusanci na Jumma'a don Makomar (FFF) daga 10 ga Disamban shekarar 2018.  A cewar Greenpeace, a yajin aikin yanayi na farko na FFF a ranar 14 ga Disamban shekarar 2018, Blasel da abokan aikinsa sun sami nasarar tattara mahalarta 500 a Kiel - 200 fiye da a Berlin. An zaɓi Blasel a matsayin wakilin kungiyar ta gida a Kiel kuma yana wakiltar matsayinsu a musayar kasa da kasa na motsi. A cikin 2019 Jakob Blasel ya shiga cikin taron bazara na FFF a Dortmund . &lt;ref name=&quot;Deutschlandfunk Kultur 2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Küpper |first=Moritz |date=31 July 2019 |title=&quot;Fridays for Future&quot;: Auch in den Sommerferien engagiert |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/fridays-for-future-auch-in-den-sommerferien-engagiert-100.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=[[Deutschlandfunk Kultur]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Blasel ya bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen tattaunawa kamar NDR Talk Show (2019)  da Maischberger . ya mutu (2020) &lt;ref&gt;{{YouTube|title=Klimaaktivist Jakob Blasel und Unternehmerin Sarna Röser bei maischberger. die woche 16.09.2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya ba da tambayoyin kafofin watsa labarai, misali B. tare da Bento (2019),  Deutschlandfunk Kultur (2019) &lt;ref name=&quot;Deutschlandfunk Kultur 2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Küpper |first=Moritz |date=31 July 2019 |title=&quot;Fridays for Future&quot;: Auch in den Sommerferien engagiert |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/fridays-for-future-auch-in-den-sommerferien-engagiert-100.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=[[Deutschlandfunk Kultur]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKüpper2019&quot;&gt;Küpper, Moritz (2019-07-31). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; da Süddeutsche Zeitung (2019).  Ya kuma bayyana a cikin rahotanni biyu game da shirin funk na Jamus ''Y-Kollektiv'' a cikin 2019 da 2021.&lt;ref&gt; {{YouTube|title=Fridays For Future – Schülerinnen streiken, um die Welt zu retten}}, Y-Kollektiv, 31 January 2019 (about Jakob Blasel in Kiel and Ragna Diederichs in Göttingen)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 November 2021 |title=Vom Klimaaktivisten zum Politiker? Jakob Blasel will mitregieren'' |url=https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/y-kollektiv/vom-klimaaktivisten-zum-politiker-jakob-blasel-will-mitregieren-oder-y-kollekti/funk/Y3JpZDovL2Z1bmsubmV0LzEwNTkvdmlkZW8vMTc3NDYzNQ |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Y-Kollektiv |publisher=ARD Mediathek}}&lt;/ref&gt; A taron jam'iyyar Green Party a Schleswig-Holstein, wanda ya faru a ranar 23 da 24 ga Maris 2019, ya ba da jawabi a matsayin wakilin Jumma'a don Makomar. A bikin Golden Camera a ranar 30 ga Maris 2019 a Berlin, ya bi [[Greta Thunberg]] lokacin da ta karbi kyautar ta musamman don kare yanayi. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare a shekarar 2019, Blasel ya yi aiki na cikakken lokaci don Jumma'a don Makomar shekara guda  kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai magana har zuwa Yuli 2020. &lt;ref name=&quot;abi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 April 2020 |title=Jakob Blasel: &quot;Hass und Hetze bedrohen unsere Demokratie&quot; |url=https://abi.de/orientieren/promi_interviews/jakob-blasel017271.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020150114/https://abi.de/orientieren/promi_interviews/jakob-blasel017271.htm |archive-date=20 October 2020 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=abi.de |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Alkawari ban da FFF ===
A shekarar 2017, Blasel ya shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta Greenpeace. Blasel na ɗaya daga cikin masu gabatar da taron shekara-shekara na 19 na Majalisar don Ci Gaban Ci gaba, wanda ya faru a ranar 4 ga Yunin shekarar 2019 a Cibiyar Majalisa ta Berlin.  Daga shekarar 2019 zuwa gaba Jakob Blasel, Pia Kraftfutter da Fabian Grischkat sun daidaita tsarin Instagram &quot;OZON&quot; wanda Divimove ya samar, wanda ke hulɗa da dorewa da kariya ta muhalli kuma yana daga cikin kafofin watsa labarai na kan layi na ARD da ZDF,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 April 2019 |title=OZON – funk |url=https://presse.funk.net/format/ozon/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408124053/https://presse.funk.net/format/ozon/ |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=2019-04-08 |quote=Mit der Bloggerin Pia Kraftfutter, YouTuber Fabian Grischkat und Umweltschützer Jakob Blasel wird „OZON“ von drei Hosts präsentiert, die sich auch privat durch ihr Engagement auszeichnen.}}&lt;/ref&gt; duk da haka, daga baya YouTuber Violetta Verissimo ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Niemeier |first=Timo |date=8 April 2019 |title=Auf Instagram: &quot;Ozon&quot;: Funk-Format gibt Tipps für den Umweltschutz |url=https://www.dwdl.de/nachrichten/71808/ozon_funkformat_gibt_tipps_fuer_den_umweltschutz/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=DWDL.de |language=de |quote=Mit der Bloggerin Pia Kraftfutter, Youtuber Fabian Grischkat und Umweltschützer Jakob Blasel hat das Format drei Hosts, die sich auch privat für die Umwelt einsetzen.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 April 2019 |title=OZON – funk |url=https://presse.funk.net/format/ozon/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |language=de |quote=Mit der Bloggerin Pia Kraftfutter, YouTuber Fabian Grischkat und YouTuberin Violetta Verissimo wird OZON von drei Hosts präsentiert, die sich auch privat durch ihr Engagement auszeichnen.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 April 2020 |title=VIOLETTA VON &quot;I AM SO VIO!&quot; ALS HOST BEIM FUNK-FORMAT OZON |url=https://presse.funk.net/pressemeldung/violetta-von-i-am-so-vio-als-host-beim-funk-format-ozon/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=presse.funk.net |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, Blasel ya bukaci a cikin watsa shirye-shiryen OZON, wanda ya daidaita a lokacin, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hackenbruch |first=Felix |date=2024-10-22 |title=Angebliches Haustierverbot der Grünen: Die CSU lügt! |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/angebliches-haustierverbot-der-grunen-die-csu-lugt-12577853.html |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=[[Die Zeit]] |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; cewa ya kamata a &quot;hana kiwon dabbobi ba dole ba&quot;. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa dabbobi sun kasance &quot;abun alatu sosai game da tasirin muhalli da CO2&quot;. Babu wata alama a cikin shirin cewa shi mai fafutukar FFF ne. Bayan an zabe shi mai magana da yawun tarayya na Greens a 2024, an soki kiransa na haramtacciyar doka. Kamfanin watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a da Greens sun musanta cewa Blasel ya taɓa buƙatar a haramta kiwon dabbobi, kuma labarin OZON ya ɓace daga kundin yanar gizo na ZDF ba tare da sanarwa ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-10-23 |title=Erst als RTL.de nachfragt, machen ARD und ZDF bei umstrittener Haustier-Sendung einen radikalen Schnitt |url=https://www.rtl.de/news/ard-und-zdf-loeschen-umstrittene-luxus-haustiere-sendung-von-gruenen-funktionaer-jakob-blasel-id1896561.html |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=rtl.de |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A tsakiyar Yuni 2022, Blasel ya kasance mai aiki a matsayin FahrRad! Jakadan Verkehrsclub Deutschland (VCD) a wata babbar makaranta a Berlin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 June 2022 |title=VCD Jugendkampagne &quot;FahrRad! Fürs Klima auf Rad&quot;: FahrRad!-Botschafter Jakob Blasel im Interview mit Berliner Schülerinnen |url=https://www.vcd.org/service/presse/pressemitteilungen/fahrrad-botschafter-jakob-blasel-im-interview-mit-berliner-schuelerinnen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312161739/https://www.vcd.org/service/presse/pressemitteilungen/fahrrad-botschafter-jakob-blasel-im-interview-mit-berliner-schuelerinnen |archive-date=2023-03-12 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=vcd.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ayyukan siyasa ===
Blasel ya girma a Kronshagen kuma ya shiga Green Party a shekarar 2017. 

Blasel ya shirya zanga-zangar farko a Kiel a cikin fall of 2018; game da adana Dajin Hambach a Arewacin Rhine-Westphalia, wanda za a share shi don hakar ma'adinai. Ba da daɗewa ba, ya zama wanda ya fara yajin aikin makaranta na farko don yanayi a Arewacin Jamus. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2019, ya yi jawabi ga taron ESA ta Living Planet a [[Milano|Milan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Climate activist Jakob Blasel |url=https://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2019/05/Climate_activist_Jakob_Blasel |access-date=24 September 2019 |website=European Space Agency |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekara ta 2020, Blasel ya kammala aikin horarwa a ofishin majalisar Lisa Badum . Kafin Zaben kasa na 2021, Green Party ta zabi shi a matsayin dan takara na Gundumar Rendsburg-Eckernförde a Schleswig-Holstein .  Ya lashe kashi 14.8% na kuri'un da aka fi so na farko, ya zo na uku a bayan Sönke Rix, dan takarar SPD, da Johann Wadephul, dan takara na CDU.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bundestagswahl 2021 in Schleswig-Holstein: 4 - Rendsburg-Eckernförde |url=https://www.bundestagswahl-sh.de/land__wahlkreise_wahlkreis_4.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009093623/https://www.bundestagswahl-sh.de/land__wahlkreise_wahlkreis_4.html |archive-date=2021-10-09 |access-date=11 April 2022 |website=Statistisches Amt Schleswig-Holstein und Hamburg |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan kwamitin tarayya na Young Greens a Jamus ya sanar da murabus din hadin gwiwa a 2024, Blasel ya sanar da cewa zai yi takara a matsayin mai magana da yawun tarayya na reshen matasa na jam'iyyar. An zabe shi zuwa mukamin a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2024 tare da kashi 74,6%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-10-20 |title=Grüne Jugend: Jette Nietzard und Jakob Blasel zu neuen Sprechern gewählt |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/gruene-jugend-jette-nietzard-und-jakob-blasel-zu-neuen-sprechern-gewaehlt-110057591.html |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=FAZ.NET |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan kawancen CDU / CSU mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin Bundestag ya tura ta hanyar yunkurin iyakance ƙaura tare da ƙuri'u daga Alternative for Germany mai nisa a cikin shekara ta 2025, Blasel ya yi kira ga kin amincewa da hadin gwiwa tare da CDU / CSU a cikin majalisa na gaba ta hanyar Green Party. 

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogon Los Aviones</title>
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        <username>Elder55</username>
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{{Databox}}

'''Kogon Los Aviones''', wanda yake a matakin teku kusa da [[Cartagena, Spain|Cartagena]] a kudu maso gabashin Spain, wani rukunin binciken burbushin halittu ne tun daga zamanin [[Middle Paleolithic|Paleolithic na Tsakiya]] . Ya kuma shahara saboda ya samar a cikin 2010 da yawa masu raɗaɗi da fentin riguna da ake zaton Neanderthals ne ya kera su a matsayin kayan ado.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 2018&quot;&gt;&quot;Symbolic use of marine shells and mineral pigments by Iberian Neandertals 115,000 years ago.&quot; Dirk L. Hoffmann, Diego E. Angelucci, Valentín Villaverde, Josefina Zapata, and João Zilhão. ''Science Advances'' 22 Feb 2018:
Vol. 4, no. 2, eaar5255. {{Doi|10.1126/sciadv.aar5255}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kogon simintin marine [[Conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]] ne. Wurin ya [[Ochre|samar]] da harsashi na ruwa masu raɗaɗi da raɗaɗi, masu launin ja da rawaya, da kwantena harsashi waɗanda ke nuna [[Pigment|ragowar]] hadaddun haɗe-haɗe. &lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 20182&quot;&gt;&quot;Symbolic use of marine shells and mineral pigments by Iberian Neandertals 115,000 years ago.&quot; Dirk L. Hoffmann, Diego E. Angelucci, Valentín Villaverde, Josefina Zapata, and João Zilhão. ''Science Advances'' 22 Feb 2018: Vol. 4, no. 2, eaar5255. {{Doi|10.1126/sciadv.aar5255}}&lt;/ref&gt; Allolin da ke kan harsashi na teku an yi su ne zuwa shekaru 115,000, wanda hakan ya sanya waɗannan &quot;ƙaya mafi tsufa na sirri da aka sani a ko'ina cikin duniya,&quot; kafin ''[[Ɗan Adam|Homo sapiens]]'' .  &lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 20182&quot; /&gt;  Art shine wakili na archaeological don hali na alama. &lt;ref name=&quot;Hoffmann 20182&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Demokradiyya a Spain</title>
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      <text bytes="33642" sha1="rtnevp1imhhb5pcvt3vt0eoqve0oaip" xml:space="preserve"> {{Blockquote|In containing the right and keeping the army loyal to the government the support of the King, as commander-in-chief of the army, was critical, enabling the government to retire factious generals who regarded it as their duty to maintain the existing constitution.}}

'''Mutanen Espanya zuwa dimokuradiyya''', wanda aka sani a [[Ispaniya|Spain]] da {{Lang|es|la Transición}} ( [la tɾansiˈθjon]; 'Canjin') ko {{Lang|es|la Transición española}} ('Canjin Mutanen Spain'), lokaci ne na Tarihin Mutanen Espanya na zamani wanda ya ƙunshi Canjin mulkin kama-karya wanda ya tashi daga mulkin kama-hadar Francoist zuwa karfafa [[tsarin majalisa]], a cikin tsarin mulkin mallaka a karkashin Juan Carlos I.{{IPA|es|la tɾansiˈθjon|IPA}}{{IPA|es|la tɾansiˈθjon|IPA}}{{IPA|es|la tɾansiˈθjon|IPA}}

Canjin dimokuradiyya ya fara ne kwana biyu bayan mutuwar Francisco Franco, a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1975.{{Sfn|Colomer Rubio|2012}} Da farko, &quot;masu siyasa da suka rage daga Francoism&quot; sun yi ƙoƙari &quot;don sake fasalin cibiyoyin mulkin kama-karya&quot; ta hanyar hanyoyin shari'a da ke akwai, amma matsin lamba na zamantakewa da siyasa sun ga kafa majalisar dimokuradiyya a cikin Babban zaben 1977, wanda ke da ikon rubuta sabon kundin tsarin mulki wanda aka amince da shi ta hanyar raba gardama a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1978.{{Sfn|Casanova|Gil Andrés|2014}} Shekaru masu zuwa sun ga farkon ci gaban mulkin doka da kafa Gwamnatin yanki, a cikin ta'addanci mai gudana, yunkurin &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwLw&quot;&gt;juyin mulki&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; da matsalolin tattalin arzikin duniya.{{Sfn|Casanova|Gil Andrés|2014}} An ce an kammala canjin ne bayan nasarar da jam'iyyar Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) ta samu a Babban zaben 1982 da kuma sauya ikon zartarwa na farko. Dimokuradiyya tana kan hanyar karfafawa.{{Sfn|Casanova|Gil Andrés|2014}} {{Efn|Some historians suggest an earlier date for the conclusion of the Transition{{sfn|Ortuño Anaya |2005|p=22}} including the 1977 general election, the 1978 Constitution, or the 1981 attempted coup. One writer suggests the Transition only concluded in 2006 with the end of consensus politics and the re-emergence of open debate on divisive issues.{{sfn|Tremlett|2008|p=379}}}}

Sakamakon ƙarshe na Canjin a cewar Casanova shine &quot;akalla daga 1982 zuwa gaba, mulkin mallaka na majalisa, wanda ya dogara da kundin tsarin mulkin demokraɗiyya, tare da adadi mai yawa na haƙƙoƙi da 'yanci, sakamakon sauyawa mai rikitarwa, cike da rikice-rikice, abubuwan da ba a tsammani da kuma matsalolin da ba a yi tsammani ba, a cikin yanayin rikicin tattalin arziki da rashin tabbas na siyasa. &quot; {{Sfn|Casanova|Gil Andrés|2014}}, kamar yadda Firayim Minista González ya ce daga baya, &quot;An riƙe kayan aikin jihar, gaba ɗaya, daga mulkin kama karya.{{Sfn|Tremlett|2008}}

Abu mai mahimmanci, yawancin muhimman al'amura a cikin Canjin an karbe su ne ta hanyar yarjejeniya tsakanin gwamnatoci da 'yan adawa.{{Sfn|Aguilar|2009}} Baya ga wannan jagorancin pragmatic, na jama'a, &quot;a-nationalist&quot; a Madrid, abubuwan da suka ba da gudummawa ga nasarar Canjin sun kasance mulkin mallaka a matsayin alama mai haɗin kai da kuma kawar da tasirin Sojoji a rayuwar siyasa.{{Sfn|Conversi|2002}} Bugu da ƙari, bambancin aikin tashin hankali na Basque da kuma zaman lafiya na Catalonia, ya sami nasarar canza siyasar Spain a lokacin Canjin.{{Sfn|Conversi|2002}}

Duk da yake sau da yawa ana ambaton shi a matsayin misali na sauyawa na zaman lafiya, tattaunawar sauyawa, tashin hankali na siyasa a lokacin sauyawa na Mutanen Espanya ya fi yawa fiye da lokacin tsarin dimokuradiyya a Girka ko [[Portugal]], tare da fitowar ƙungiyoyin ta'addanci masu rabuwa, hagu, fascist da masu tsaro da tashin hankali na 'yan sanda.  {{Sfn|Sánchez-Cuenca|Aguilar|2009}}{{Sfn|Tremlett|2008}}

Sake dimokuradiyya ya kuma haifar da hadewar Spain cikin Turai, mafarki na masu ilimi na Spain tun daga ƙarshen karni na 19.{{Sfn|Casanova|Gil Andrés|2014}} Kokarin da ya gabata na dimokuradiyya ya haɗa da Jamhuriyar Mutanen Espanya ta farko da Jamhuryar Mutanen Spain ta biyu .

== Matsayin siyasa na Juan Carlos I ==
[[Fayil:De_proclamatie_en_beëdiging_van_Prins_Juan_Carlos_tot_Koning_van_Spanje_tijdens_,_Bestanddeelnr_254-9763.jpg|thumb|Juan Carlos I a gaban Cortes Españolas, yayin da ya yi shelar zama Sarki a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba 1975]]
Janar Francisco Franco ya zo mulki a shekara ta  1939, bayan Yaƙin basasar Spain (a shekara ta 1936 da' shekarar 1939), kuma ya yi mulki a matsayin mai mulkin kama karya har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekara ta  1975. A shekara ta 1969, ya nada Yarima Juan Carlos, jikan Sarkin Spain na baya-bayan nan, Alfonso XIII, a matsayin magajinsa. Shekaru shida masu zuwa, Yarima Juan Carlos ya kasance a bango yayin bayyanar jama'a kuma ya zama a shirye ya bi sawun Franco. Da zarar ya hau mulki a matsayin Sarkin Spain, duk da haka, ya sauƙaƙa ci gaban mulkin mallaka na tsarin mulki kamar yadda mahaifinsa, Don Juan de Borbón, ya ba da shawara tun Shekarar 1946.

Sarki Juan Carlos na fara mulkinsa a matsayin shugaban kasa ba tare da barin iyakokin tsarin shari'ar Franco ba. Saboda haka, ya rantse da aminci ga ka'idodin Movimiento Nacional (National Movement), tsarin siyasa na zamanin Franco; ya mallaki kambin a gaban Francoist Cortes Españolas; kuma ya girmama Dokar Organic ta Jiha don nadin [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]] na farko. Sai kawai a cikin jawabinsa a gaban Cortes ya nuna goyon bayansa ga canjin tsarin siyasar Spain. Wannan haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Juan Carlos da dakarun siyasa da ke adawa da kiyaye halin da ake ciki ana ɗaukar su a matsayin muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga nasarar sauyawa ta Spain zuwa dimokuradiyya.{{Sfn|Story|1977|}}

The transition was an ambitious plan that counted on ample support both within and outside of Spain. Western governments, headed by the [[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]], now favoured a Spanish constitutional monarchy, as did many Spanish and international liberal [[Jari-hujja|capitalists]].{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2023}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; The spectre of the Civil War still haunted Spain. Francoists on the far right enjoyed considerable support within the Spanish Army, and people of the left distrusted a king who owed his position to Franco. The King's legitimacy rested on this appointment; his father, Don Juan, did not renounce his claim until 14 May 1977.{{Sfn|Casanova|Gil Andrés|2014}} Liberal opinion at the time held therefore, that the throne's legitimacy could only be saved by establishing a democratic, constitutional and parliamentary monarchy.{{Sfn|Carr|1980}}

Don sauyawa ya yi nasara, sojojin sun buƙaci guje wa shiga cikin tsarin siyasa a madadin bangarorin Francoist a cikin gwamnatin da ke akwai. Kamar yadda Raymond Carr ya bayyana, {{Sfn|Carr|1980}}
{{Reflist}}

== Gwamnatin Carlos Arias Navarro (Nuwamba 1975 - Yuli 1976) ==
[[Fayil:Manuel_Fraga_durante_la_Transicion_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Manuel Fraga Iribarne, Ministan da ya fi muhimmanci a gwamnatin Arias Navarro]]
Sarki bai fara nada sabon Firayim Minista ba, ya bar shugaban gwamnati a karkashin Franco, Carlos Arias Navarro. Arias Navarro bai fara shirin sake fasalin mulkin Francoist ba; a cikin Majalisar Ƙasa ta Motsi, taron ba da shawara na jam'iyyar FET y de las JONS (''Falange'') mai mulki da sauran kungiyoyi a cikin Movimiento Nacional, ya bayyana cewa manufar gwamnatinsa ita ce ci gaba da Francoism ta hanyar &quot;dimokuradiyya a hanyar Mutanen Espanya&quot; (Spanish: democracia a la española).{{Sfn|Tusell|1977}}{{Sfn|Ruiz|2002}} Ya yi imanin cewa ya kamata a iyakance canje-canjen siyasa: zai ba majalisa, Cortes Españolas, aikin &quot;sabunta dokokinmu da cibiyoyinmu kamar yadda Franco zai so&quot;.{{Sfn|Gil Pecharromán|2008}}

Shirin sake fasalin da gwamnati ta karɓa shine wanda Manuel Fraga ya gabatar, ya ki amincewa da shirin Antonio Garrigues na zabar majalisa dokoki. Shirin Fraga ya yi niyyar cimma &quot;dimokuradiyya mai sassaucin ra'ayi&quot; wanda &quot;ya dace da sauran ƙasashen Yammacin Turai&quot; ta hanyar &quot;tsarin sannu a hankali da sarrafawa&quot;, ta hanyar jerin gyare-gyare na Dokokin Tushen Masarautar. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa aka kira shawararsa &quot;canji a ci gaba&quot;, kuma goyon bayansa ya fito ne galibi daga waɗanda suka kare tsarin zamantakewar Francoist.{{Sfn|Juliá|1999}}

Domin gyara ya yi nasara, dole ne ya sami goyon bayan ƙungiyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Francoist da aka sani da Búnker, wanda ke da babban matsayi a cikin Cortes da Majalisar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙasa, cibiyoyin biyu da za su amince da sake fasalin Dokokin. Hakanan dole ne ta sami tallafi a cikin Sojoji da kuma cikin Kungiyar Kwadago ta Spain. Har ila yau, akwai bukatar a farantawa 'yan adawar demokradiyyar Francoism. Hanyar da aka bi wajen masu adawa da ita ita ce, ba za su kasance cikin tsarin gyara ba, amma za a ba su damar shiga harkokin siyasa gabaɗaya, ban da jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Spain (Partido Comunista de España, PCE).[1] Wannan gyare-gyaren ra'ayin mazan jiya an yi shi ne ta wani bangare na tarihi na Maido da Demokaradiyya ta Bourbon (a shekara ta 1876 da' shekarar 1931), kuma an soki shi saboda rashin la'akari da yanayin zamantakewa da siyasa na lokacin.[1]

Aikin ya haɗu a cikin wani tsari don sake fasalin uku daga cikin Dokokin Muhimmanci, amma ainihin canje-canje za a ƙayyade su ta hanyar hadin gwiwar Gwamnati da Majalisar Ƙasa ta Motsi, kamar yadda [[Torcuato Fernández-Miranda]] da [[Adolfo Suárez]] suka gabatar.{{Sfn|Tusell|1977}} Halitta hukumar ta nuna cewa Fraga da masu gyara sun rasa iko da yawancin tsarin majalisa na kasar; masu gyarawa suna shirin sabuntawa &quot;Dokar Majalisar da Kungiya&quot;, wanda ya haɗa da sake fasalin Dokar Laifin Mutanen Espanya.{{Sfn|Gil Pecharromán|2008}} Duk da haka, sabuwar Dokar Majalisar ta wuce ta Cortes ta Francoist a ranar 25 ga Watan  Mayu, shekara ta 1976, ta ba da damar zanga-zangar jama'a tare da izinin gwamnati.{{Sfn|Juliá|1999}} A wannan rana an kuma amince da Dokar Tarayyar Siyasa, tare da goyon bayan Suárez, wanda ya tabbatar a zaman majalisar cewa &quot;idan Spain ta kasance da yawa, Cortes ba za ta iya musanta shi ba&quot;. Harkokin da Suárez ya yi don tallafawa wannan gyare-gyare ya girgiza mutane da yawa, ciki har da Juan Carlos I.{{Sfn|Tusell|1977}} Wannan shiga tsakani shine mabuɗin shawarar Juan Carlos na nada Suárez a matsayin Firayim Minista a cikin wata mai zuwa.{{Sfn|Gil Pecharromán|2008}}

Canjin Arias-Fraga ya rushe a ranar 11 ga Yuni, lokacin da Cortes ta ki amincewa da canje-canje ga Dokar Laifuka, wanda a baya ya sanya shi laifi a haɗa shi da wata jam'iyya ta siyasa ban da FET y de las JONS.{{Sfn|Juliá|1999}} Mambobin Cortes, wadanda suka yi tsayayya da halatta Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, sun kara da gyare-gyare ga dokar da ta haramta kungiyoyin siyasa da suka &quot;yi biyayya ga horo na kasa da kasa&quot; kuma &quot;sun yi kira ga kafa mulkin kama karya&quot;. Javier Tusell ya nuna cewa &quot;waɗanda a baya suka kasance a cikin gado tare da mulkin kama karya yanzu sun ji sun cancanci hana mulkin kama karya na wasu&quot;. Sauye-sauyen Dokokin Tushen da ke kula da maye gurbin sarauta da kuma abun da ke cikin Cortes, wanda Fraga ya tsara, suma sun gaza. Fraga ya yi niyyar sanya Cortes bicameral, tare da ɗayan ɗakin da aka zaba ta hanyar zaɓen duniya ɗayan kuma yana da halin &quot;organic&quot;.{{Sfn|Tusell|1977}}{{Sfn|Ruiz|2002}}

== Gwamnatin farko ta Adolfo Suárez (A watan Yulin shekarar 1976 da'  Yunin shekarar 1977) ==
[[Fayil:Adolfo_Suárez_1980_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Adolfo Suárez a cikin 1980]]
Torcuato Fernández-Miranda, shugaban Majalisar Masarautar, ya sanya Adolfo Suárez a cikin jerin 'yan takara uku ga Sarki Juan Carlos don zaɓar zama sabon shugaban gwamnati, ya maye gurbin Arias Navarro. Sarkin ya zaɓi Suárez saboda ya ji zai iya fuskantar ƙalubalen tsarin siyasa mai wuya da ke gaba: ya rinjayi Cortes, wanda ya kunshi 'yan siyasa na Francoist, don rushe tsarin Franco. Ta wannan hanyar, zai yi aiki a cikin tsarin shari'a na Francoist don haka ya guje wa yiwuwar shiga tsakani na soja a cikin tsarin siyasa. Juan Carlos ya nada Suárez a matsayin Firayim Minista na 138 na Spain a ranar 3 ga Yulin shekarar  1976, wani yunkuri wanda, saboda tarihin Francoist, 'yan hagu da wasu masu tsakiya sun yi adawa da shi.

A matsayinsa na Firayim Minista, Suárez da sauri ya gabatar da shirin siyasa mai kyau wanda ya danganci maki biyu:

* Ci gaban dokar sake fasalin siyasa, wanda, da zarar Cortes da jama'ar Spain sun amince da shi a cikin raba gardama, zai buɗe tsarin tsarin mulki don ƙirƙirar dimokuradiyya mai sassaucin ra'ayi a Spain.
* Za a gudanar da zaben dimokuradiyya a watan Yunin shekarar 1977 don zabar Cortes da ake tuhuma da tsara sabon kundin tsarin mulkin dimokuradiyar

Wannan shirin ya kasance a bayyane kuma ba tare da wata shakka ba, amma cikar sa ta gwada ikon siyasa na Suárez. Dole ne ya shawo kan 'yan adawa su shiga cikin shirinsa da kuma sojoji don ba da damar aiwatar da shi ba tare da katsewa ba, kuma a lokaci guda ana buƙatar kawo halin da ake ciki a cikin Basque Country a ƙarƙashin iko.{{Sfn|Carr|1980}}

Duk da wadannan kalubalen, an gudanar da aikin Suárez ba tare da bata lokaci ba tsakanin Yuli 1976 da Yuni 1977. Dole ne ya yi aiki a bangarori da yawa a cikin wannan ɗan gajeren lokaci don cimma burinsa.
[[Fayil:MITING_CNT_MONTJUÏC.jpg|left|thumb|[[Federica Montseny]] tana magana a taron CNT a Barcelona a 1977, bayan shekaru 36 na gudun hijira]]
Torcuato Fernández-Miranda, mai magana da yawun Cortes, ne ya rubuta daftarin Dokar Canjin Siyasa ({{Lang|es|Ley para la Reforma Política}}), wanda ya mika shi ga gwamnatin Suárez a watan Yulin shekarar 1976. Gwamnatin Suarez ta amince da aikin a watan Satumbar shekara ta 1976.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Historia de un Cambio |url=http://www.adurcal.com/iu/historia/historia_de_un_cambio.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928130049/http://www.adurcal.com/iu/historia/historia_de_un_cambio.htm |archive-date=28 September 2007 |publisher=Ayuntamiento de Dúrcal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Don buɗe ƙofar dimokuradiyya ta majalisa a Spain, wannan dokar ba za ta iya ƙirƙirar sabon tsarin siyasa ba ta hanyar kawar da cikas da gwamnatin Franco ta sanya game da dimokuradiya: dole ne ta kawar da tsarin Francoist ta hanyar Cortes na Francoist kanta. Cortes, a karkashin shugabancin Fernández-Miranda, sun yi muhawara game da wannan lissafin a cikin watan Nuwamba; daga ƙarshe sun amince da shi, tare da kuri'u 425 da suka goyi bayan, 59 da suka ƙi, da kuma 13 da suka guje.

Gwamnatin Suárez ta nemi samun karin halatta don canje-canjen ta hanyar raba gardama. A ranar 15 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1976, tare da kashi 77.72%, kashi 94% na masu jefa kuri'a sun nuna goyon bayansu ga canje-canjen. Daga wannan lokacin, yana yiwuwa a fara tsarin zabe (bangare na biyu na shirin Suárez), wanda zai yi amfani da shi don zabar mambobin Cortes na Tsarin Mulki, jikin da zai kasance da alhakin ƙirƙirar kundin tsarin mulkin demokraɗiyya.{{Sfn|Jiménez Díaz|2016}}

Tare da wannan ɓangaren shirinsa ya cika, Suárez dole ne ya warware wani batu: ya kamata ya haɗa da kungiyoyin adawa waɗanda ba su shiga ba a farkon canjin? Suárez kuma dole ne ya magance matsala ta uku: ya zo da yarjejeniya tare da adawar Francoist.

=== Dangantakar gwamnatin Suárez da sojojin Spain ===
Suárez ya ɗauki jerin manufofi masu ma'ana don ƙara amintacce ga aikinsa. Ya ba da afuwa ta siyasa a watan Yulin 1976, inda ya saki fursunoni 400; sannan ya tsawaita wannan a watan Maris na shekara ta 1977, kuma a ƙarshe ya ba da afuta a watan Mayu na wannan shekarar. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1976, an rushe {{Lang|es|[[Tribunal de Orden Público]]}} (TOP), wani nau'in 'Yan sanda na sirri na Francoist. An halatta haƙƙin yajin aiki a watan Maris na shekara ta 1977, tare da haƙƙin ƙungiyar kwadago a watan da ya biyo baya. Har ila yau, a watan Maris, sabon tsarin tsarin zaɓe (Dokar Zaɓe) ya gabatar da tsarin da ake buƙata don tsarin zaɓe na Spain ya dace da na wasu ƙasashe waɗanda suka kasance masu sassaucin ra'ayi na majalisa.

Ta hanyar waɗannan da sauran matakan gwamnati, Suárez ya bi ka'idodin da kungiyoyin adawa suka fara nema a shekara ta 1974. Wadannan dakarun adawa sun hadu a watan Nuwamba 1976 don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin dimokuradiyya da ake kira Democratic Convergence Platform .

Suárez ya fara hulɗar siyasa da 'yan adawa ta hanyar ganawa da Felipe González, babban sakatare na Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), a watan Agustan shekara ta 1976.{{Sfn|Carr|1980}} Halin kirki na shugaban gurguzu ya ba da ƙarin goyon baya ga Suárez don ci gaba da sauye-sauyensa, amma kowa ya fahimci cewa babban matsala ga daidaitawar siyasa na kasar zai zama halatta Jam'iyyar Kwaminis (PCE), wanda a lokacin yana da masu gwagwarmaya da yawa kuma ya fi tsari fiye da kowane rukuni a cikin 'yan adawar siyasa. Koyaya, a wani taro tsakanin Suárez da manyan shugabannin soja a watan Satumba, jami'an sun bayyana adawa da halatta PCE.

PCE, a bangarensa, ta ci gaba da yin aiki a fili don bayyana ra'ayoyinta. A cewar 'yan Kwaminisanci, Dokar Gyara Siyasa ta kasance mai adawa da dimokuradiyya kuma ya kamata gwamnati ta wucin gadi ta kira zaben Cortes na Tsarin Mulki ciki har da mambobin 'yan adawa. Kwaminisanci musamman da 'yan adawa gabaɗaya ba su nuna ƙwazo ga Dokar Canjin Siyasa ba. Suárez ya yi hadari sosai don shigar da sojojin adawa a cikin shirinsa.

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1976, PSOE ta yi bikin majalisa ta 27 a [[Madrid]], kuma ta fara ware kanta daga bukatun PCE, tana tabbatar da cewa za ta shiga cikin kiran da za a yi na gaba don zaben Cortes. A farkon shekara ta 1977, shekarar zaben, Suárez ya fuskanci matsalar halatta PCE. Bayan fushin jama'a game da masu adawa da sake fasalin da aka tayar da shi ta hanyar Kisan kiyashi na Atocha a watan Janairun shekarar 1977, lokacin da 'yan ta'adda masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suka kashe shugabannin ma'aikata da suka haɗa kai da PCE, Suárez ya buɗe tattaunawa tare da shugaban Kwaminisanci Santiago Carrillo a watan Fabrairu. Shirye-shiryen Carrillo na hadin kai ba tare da buƙatun da suka gabata ba da kuma tayin da ya bayar na &quot;yarjejeniyar zamantakewa&quot; na lokacin bayan zaben ya tura Suárez ya ɗauki mataki mafi haɗari na sauyawa: halatta PCE a watan Afrilu 1977. Koyaya, a cikin wannan mawuyacin lokaci gwamnati ta fara dabarun samar da sararin samaniya ga ƙungiyar {{Lang|es|[[Unión General de Trabajadores]]}} (UGT), mafi matsakaici kuma yana da alaƙa da Socialists, idan aka kwatanta da CCOO mai kula da Kwaminisanci. Hanyar da aka kalubalanci ƙungiyar kwadago ta hadin kai ta hanyar dabarun ita ce muhimmiyar fasalin sauyawar Mutanen Espanya, saboda ta iyakance adawa mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma ta haifar da tushen tsarin alaƙar masana'antu.

=== Dangantakar gwamnatin Suárez da sojojin Spain ===
 
Adolfo Suárez ya san cewa {{Lang|es|Búnker}} - ƙungiyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Francoist karkashin jagorancin José Antonio Girón da Blas Piñar, ta amfani da jaridu {{Lang|es|[[El Alcázar]]}} da {{Lang|es|[[Arriba (newspaper)|Arriba]]}} a matsayin bakinsu - suna da hulɗa ta kusa da jami'ai a cikin sojoji kuma suna da tasiri a kan muhimman bangarorin soja. Barazanar da ke faruwa na juyin mulki daga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun buƙaci kewayawa a hankali.

Don warware batun, Suárez ya yi niyyar tallafa wa kansa tare da ƙungiyar masu sassaucin ra'ayi a cikin soja, wanda ke da alaƙa da Janar Díez Alegría. Suárez ya ba wa membobin wannan rukuni matsayi na iko tare da mafi yawan alhakin. Mafi shahararren mutum na wannan rukuni a cikin sojojin shine Janar Manuel Gutiérrez Mellado . Koyaya, a watan Yulin 1976, Mataimakin Shugaban Harkokin Tsaro shine Janar Fernando na Santiago, memba ne na ƙungiyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a cikin sojoji. De Santiago ya nuna rashin kwanciyar hankali a baya, a lokacin afuwa ta farko a watan Yulin 1976. Ya yi adawa da dokar da ta ba da damar yin aiki. Suárez ya kori Fernando de Santiago, ya zabi Gutiérrez Mellado a maimakon haka. Wannan rikici da Janar de Santiago ya sa babban bangare na sojojin su yi adawa da Suárez, adawa da ta kara tsanantawa lokacin da aka halatta PCE.

A halin yanzu, Gutiérrez Mellado ya inganta jami'an da suka goyi bayan sake fasalin siyasa kuma ya cire waɗancan kwamandojin dakarun tsaro ({{Lang|es|[[Policía Armada]]}} da {{Lang|es|[[Guardia Civil (Spain)|Guardia Civil]]}}) waɗanda suka yi kama da suna tallafawa kiyaye mulkin Francoist.

Suárez ya so ya nuna wa sojoji cewa daidaitawar siyasa ta kasar ba ta nufin rikici ko juyin juya hali ba. A cikin wannan, ya dogara da hadin gwiwar Santiago Carrillo, amma ba zai iya dogaro da hadin kan kungiyoyin ta'addanci ba.

=== Maido da ayyukan ta'addanci ===
Kasar Basque ta kasance, a mafi kyawun wannan lokacin, a cikin yanayin rikice-rikicen siyasa. Suárez ya ba da afuwa ga fursunonin siyasa da yawa na Basque, amma rikice-rikicen ya ci gaba tsakanin 'yan sanda da masu zanga-zangar. Kungiyar 'yan tawaye ta ETA, wacce a tsakiyar shekara ta 1976 ta yi kama da budewa ga iyakantaccen tsagaita wuta bayan mutuwar Franco, ta sake komawa cikin rikici a watan Oktoba. Lokaci daga 1978 zuwa 1980 zai zama shekaru uku mafi muni na ETA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Acciones Terroristas: Víctimas Policiales de ETA |url=http://www.guardiacivil.org/terrorismo/acciones/estadistica07.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050816053858/http://www.guardiacivil.org/terrorismo/acciones/estadistica07.jsp |archive-date=2005-08-16 |access-date=2005-09-23 |publisher=La Guardia Civil}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, tsakanin Disamban shekarar 1976 da Janairun shekarar 1977 ne jerin hare-haren suka haifar da halin da ake ciki na tashin hankali a Spain.

Maoist GRAPO ({{Lang|es|Grupos de Resistencia Antifascista Primero de Octubre}}) ya fara gwagwarmayarsa ta hanyar jefa bama-bamai a wuraren jama'a, sannan ya ci gaba da satar manyan mutane biyu na gwamnatin: Shugaban Majalisar Jiha José María de Oriol, da Janar Villaescusa, Shugaban Babban Kwamitin Shari'ar Soja. Daga dama, a lokacin wadannan satar mutane, mambobin kungiyar neo-fascist {{Lang|es|[[Triple A (Spain)|Alianza Apostólica Anticomunista]]}} sun gudanar da kisan kiyashi na Atocha, uku daga cikinsu lauyoyin aiki ne, a wani ofishi a titin Atocha a Madrid, a watan Janairun 1977. 

A tsakiyar wadannan tayar da hankali, Suárez ya shirya taron sa na farko tare da manyan shugabannin adawa, wadanda suka wallafa wani zargi na ta'addanci kuma suka ba da goyon baya ga ayyukan Suárez. A wannan lokacin tashin hankali, {{Lang|es|Búnker}} ya yi amfani da rashin kwanciyar hankali kuma ya bayyana cewa kasar tana kan iyakar rikici.

== Zaben farko da kuma kundin tsarin mulki ==
[[Fayil:ToledoElecciones15Jun77.jpg|thumb|Mutanen da ke jiran yin zabe a Babban zaben 1977, zaben farko na kyauta tun 1936.]]
[[Fayil:Muntatzaileen_greba_-_1977ko_ekaina-abuztua_-4.jpg|alt=A man with a sign and a plastic bag in front of a mall door.|thumb|Da yake jinkirin koma bayan tattalin arziki na 1973-1975, ma'aikata sun shiga yajin aiki a duk faɗin Spain. Wannan mutumin ya nemi gudummawa ga masu yajin aiki a bangaren taron a Biscay a shekarar 1977.]]
[[Fayil:TransicionCartelesCongreso1.jpg|thumb|Hotuna na siyasa a cikin nune-nunen, bikin cika shekaru 20 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Spain na 1978]]
Zaben da aka gudanar a ranar 15 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta  1977 ya tabbatar da wanzuwar manyan dakarun siyasa guda hudu, a matakin kasa. Zaɓuɓɓukan sun ragu kamar haka:

* Union of the Democratic Center (UCD, Unión de Centro Democrático): 34.61% da kujeru 165
* Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE, Partido Socialista Obrero Español): 29.27% da kujeru 119
* Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Spain (PCE, Jam'iyyar Kwamaminisanci na Spain): 9.38% da kujeru 19
* People's Alliance (AP, Alianza Popular): 8.33% da kujeru 16 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Appendix A: Table 2. Selected Election Results for the Congress of Deputies, 1977–86 |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/spain/es_appen.html#table2 |website=Country Studies: Spain |publisher=Library of Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tare da nasarar [[Basque language|Basque]]_Nationalist_Party&quot; id=&quot;mwAZU&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Basque Nationalist Party&quot;&gt;''Jam'iyyar Basque Nationalist'' Party (Basque: EAJ, ''Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea''; [[Yaren Sifen|Mutanen Espanya]]: PNV, Partido Nacionalista Vasco) ta lashe kujeru 8 da kuma Yarjejeniyar Democrat don Catalonia (PDC, Pacte Democrátic per Catalunya) ta lashe gojeru 11 a yankunansu, jam'iyyun 'yan kasa sun fara nuna ƙarfin siyasa a cikin waɗannan zaɓen.

Cortes na Tsarin Mulki (wanda aka zaba a majalisar dokokin Spain) sannan ya fara tsara kundin tsarin mulki, a tsakiyar shekara ta 1977. A shekara ta 1978, an zartar da Yarjejeniyar Moncloa: yarjejeniya tsakanin 'yan siyasa, jam'iyyun siyasa, da kungiyoyin kwadago don tsara yadda za a gudanar da tattalin arziki, a lokacin sauyawa.{{Sfn|Garland|2010}} Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Mutanen Espanya na shekarar  1978 ya ci gaba da amincewa a cikin raba gardama, a ranar 6 ga Disamba 1978.{{Sfn|Edles|Seidman|1998}}

== Gwamnatocin UCD ==
Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez's party, the UCD, received a plurality, but not an absolute majority, in both the June 1977 and March 1979 elections. To exercise power, the UCD had to form parliamentary coalitions with other political parties. From 1979, the government spent much of its time working to hold together the many factions within the party itself, as well as their coalitions. In 1980, the Suárez government had, for the most part, accomplished its goal of a transition to democracy and lacked a further clear agenda. Many UCD members were fairly conservative and did not want further change. For example, a bill to legalize divorce caused much dissension inside the UCD, in spite of being supported by the majority of the populace.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2007}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; The UCD coalition fell apart.

Rikicin tsakanin bangarori da yawa, a cikin jam'iyyar, ya lalata ikon Suárez da matsayinsa na jagora. Rikicin ya fashe a shekarar 1981: Suárez ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban gwamnati, kuma an nada Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo, na farko don jagorantar sabuwar majalisar ministoci, sannan daga baya, zuwa shugabancin UCD; 'yan jam'iyyar Social Democrat karkashin jagorancin Francisco Fernández Ordóñez sun fice daga hadin gwiwa, daga baya suka shiga PSOE, yayin da' yan jam'iyyar Christian Democrat suka bar su kafa Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party.

Duk da yake daidaitawar dimokuradiyya ta yi nasara wajen shawo kan ETA (pm) , bangaren &quot; siyasa da soja&quot; na ETA, don barin makamai kuma shiga siyasar majalisa, bai dakatar da ci gaba da hare-haren ta'addanci da ETA (m)  (ETA Military; daga baya kawai ETA) ko kuma ƙarami, GRAPO ba. A halin yanzu, tashin hankali a sassa daban-daban na sojojin ya haifar da tsoron juyin mulkin soja mai zuwa. Masu adawa a cikin sojoji sun yi yunkurin juyin mulki da aka sani da 23-F, wanda Lieutenant Colonel Antonio Tejero ya jagoranci mamayewar ƙungiyar Guardia Civil na Majalisa, a yammacin 23 ga Fabrairu 1981. Shugabannin juyin mulkin sun yi iƙirarin yin aiki a cikin sunan sarki. Koyaya, da sassafe, Juan Carlos ya ba da jawabi a duk faɗin ƙasar da ke adawa da shi, yana mai cewa &quot;Crown, alama ce ta dindindin da hadin kan al'umma, ba za ta yarda ba, a kowane mataki, ayyukan ko halayyar kowa da ke ƙoƙarin, ta hanyar amfani da karfi, don katse tsarin dimokuradiyya. &quot; An karya juyin mulki daga baya a wannan rana, amma ya nuna kasancewar abubuwan tayar da kayar baya a cikin sojoji.

== Gwamnatin farko ta Felipe González (1982-1986) ==
Calvo Sotelo ya rushe majalisa kuma ya yi kira ga zabe a watan Oktoba 1982. A cikin zaben 1979, UCD ta sami rinjaye, amma a shekarar 1982, ta sha wahala mai ban mamaki tare da kujeru 11 kawai a majalisar. Zaben 1982 ya ba da cikakken rinjaye ga PSOE, wanda ya shafe shekaru da yawa yana shirya hotonsa na madadin gwamnati.

A taron majalisa na 28 na PSOE a watan Mayu 1979, Sakatare Janar Felipe González ya yi murabus, maimakon ya haɗa kansa da masu karfi na juyin juya hali waɗanda suka mamaye jam'iyyar. An kira taron na musamman a wannan watan Satumba, kuma ya sake daidaita jam'iyyar tare da layin matsakaici, ya yi watsi da Marxism kuma ya ba González damar sake karɓar alhakin. A cikin shekara ta 1982, PSOE ta tabbatar da matsakaiciyar daidaitawa kuma ta kawo 'yan dimokuradiyya, wadanda suka fice daga UCD.

PSOE ta lashe mafi rinjaye a majalisa a zabuka biyu a jere (1982 da 1986) kuma daidai rabin kujerun a 1989, wanda ya ba su damar cimma burin shirin siyasa, &quot;el cambio&quot; (&quot;''canji''&quot;). A lokaci guda, PSOE ta jagoranci gwamnatocin gida da na yanki da yawa. Wannan mafi rinjaye na siyasa ya ba da damar PSOE ta ba kasar dogon lokaci na kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali, bayan shekaru masu tsanani na sauyawa.

Idan aka ba da alaƙa da al'adu, kamanceceniya a cikin tarihin siyasarsu na baya-bayan nan da tasirin Francoism a cikin gwamnatin [[Chile]] González ya ɗauki sha'awa ta musamman a cikin Canjin Chile zuwa dimokuradiyya.&lt;ref name=&quot;sociedadcivil&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Feria Vázquez |first=Pedro |year=2022 |title=Relaciones hispano-chilenas durante la Transición española (1975-1982): sociedad civil y mecanismos de solidaridad |url=https://www.revistasmarcialpons.es/revistaayer/article/view/relaciones-hispano-chilenas-durante-la-transicion-espanola-1975-/972 |journal=Ayer |language=es |volume=126 |issue=2 |pages=271–299}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin mahimman abubuwan da suka faru ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%&quot;
!Ranar
!Abin da ya faru
|-
|20 ga Nuwamba 1975
|Franco ya mutu
|-
|22 ga Nuwamba 1975
|Juan Carlos ya rantsar da shi a matsayin sarki da shugaban kasa;  ya gafarta wa fursunonin siyasa 9,000. {{Sfn|Casanova|Gil Andrés|2014}}{{Sfn|Aguilar|2009}} Arias Navarro ya ci gaba a matsayin Firayim Minista.
|-
|Janairu-Maris 1976
|zanga-zangar dimokuradiyya ta hada da yajin aiki 17,455, zanga-zambe 1672 da kuma zama 283 kamar yadda Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ta rubuta {{Sfn|Casanova|Gil Andrés|2014}}
|-
|29 ga Mayu 1976
|Dokar Hakkin Majalisar  ta ba da damar zanga-zangar jama'a {{Sfn|Juliá|1999}}
|-
|14 Yuni 1976
|Dokar Tarayyar Siyasa  ta ba da izinin jam'iyyun siyasa {{Sfn|Juliá|1999}}
|-
|1 ga Yulin 1976
|Suarez ya nada Firayim Minista, ya kafa sabuwar gwamnati kuma ya sanar da niyyarsa ta kirkirar dimokuradiyya ta zamani
|-
|19 ga Yuli 1976
|Dokar Shari'a da aka sake fasalin don kawar da haƙƙin taro, ƙungiya, bayyana ra'ayoyi da 'yancin aiki 
|-
|30 ga Yuli 1976
|Amnesty ga wasu fursunonin siyasa (amma ya cire &quot;laifukan jini&quot;) 
|-
|18 ga Nuwamba 1976
|Dokar Gyara Siyasa  ta wuce, wanda ya sake kafa dimokuradiyya
|-
|18 ga Disamba 1976
|Dokar Gyara Siyasa da aka tabbatar ta hanyar raba gardama
|-
|4 ga Maris 1977
|Dokar Dangantaka ta Aiki  ta ba da izinin yin yajin aiki
|-
|18 Maris 1977
|Dokar Tsarin Zabe  ta wuce
|-
|1 ga Afrilu 1977
|Dokar Kungiyar Kwadago  ta ba da izini ga haƙƙin shirya
|-
|9 ga Afrilu 1977
|Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta halatta
|-
|22 ga Afrilu 1977
|Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta amince da yunkurin Spain zuwa dimokuradiyya.{{Sfn|Casanova|Gil Andrés|2014}}
|-
|14 ga Mayu 1977
|Don Juan ya yi watsi da ikirarin sarauta.{{Sfn|Casanova|Gil Andrés|2014}}
|-
|15 Yuni 1977
|Zaben farko na kyauta da aka gudanar a Spain tun 1936. Suna da izinin rubuta sabon kundin tsarin mulki
|-
|21 Yuni 1977
|Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Spain a gudun hijira ta rushe kanta
|-
|15 ga Oktoba 1977
|Dokar Amnesty  ta 'yantar da fursunonin siyasa, gami da &quot;laifukan jini&quot; (yana nufin ETA) kuma ta ba da izinin waɗanda aka kwashe su koma Spain kuma ta tabbatar da kariya ga waɗanda suka shiga cikin laifuka a lokacin yakin basasa da kuma Francoist Spain
|-
|29 Satumba 1977
|Maido da Generalitat, gwamnatin [[Katalunya|Catalonia]] mai cin gashin kanta, kawai cibiyar Jamhuriyar Spain ta Biyu da za a sake dawowa
|-
|25 ga Oktoba 1977
|Yarjejeniyar Moncloa da aka sanya hannu
|-
|6 ga Disamba 1978
|Sabon kundin tsarin mulki da aka tabbatar ta hanyar raba gardama
|-
|29 Janairu 1981
|Suarez ya yi murabus a matsayin Firayim Minista
|-
|23 Fabrairu 1981
|Yunkurin juyin mulki da aka sani da 23-F
|-
|30 ga Mayu 1982
|Spain ta shiga NATO
|-
|28 ga Oktoba 1982
|Gwamnatin Socialist da aka zaba
|}

== Bayani ==
 

== Dubi kuma ==

* Metapolitefsi
* Canjin Portuguese zuwa dimokuradiyya
* Al'ummar Mutanen Espanya bayan canjin dimokuradiyya
* Harkokin zamantakewa na Franco
* 'Yan gudun hijira na Jamhuriyar Spain
* Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Spain a gudun hijira
* Gwamnatin da ke gudun hijira ta José Giral

== Manazarta ==
{{Notelist}}

== Bayanan littattafai ==
{{Notelist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [http://countrystudies.us/spain/25.htm LOC Nazarin Kasar-Spain Post-Franco Era]
* [http://www.voicesofthetransition.net/ Muryoyin Canjin - Tarihin Siyasa na Spain, 1975-1982] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503062557/http://www.voicesofthetransition.net/ |date=2009-05-03 }} An adana shi 2009-05-03 a 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928022020/http://nick.frejol.org/democracy-and-after/ Spain: Dictatorship zuwa Dimokuradiyya da Bayan, 1975-2007]
* Tattalin arzikin a lokacin sauyawa An adana shi 2016-09-07 a 
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>rtnevp1imhhb5pcvt3vt0eoqve0oaip</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>SM Ibrahim Lincoln</title>
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'''SM Ibrahim Lincoln''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 1966) ma'aikacin zamantakewa ne na Bangladesh, mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam kuma lauya.

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
SM Abraham Lincoln was born on November 14, 1966, in Baksipara village, Krishnapur district, Kurigram, Bangladesh, to Mohiuddin Ahmad, a [[Yaƙe-yaƙe na 'yanci na ƙasa|liberation war]] organizer, and Amena Khatun.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abraham Lincoln of Kurigram nominated for 'Swadhinata Padak-2024' |url=https://dailyasiabd.com/abraham-lincoln-of-kurigram-nominated-for-swadhinata-padak-2024/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204135550/https://dailyasiabd.com/abraham-lincoln-of-kurigram-nominated-for-swadhinata-padak-2024/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abraham Lincoln of Kurigram is receiving Freedom Award after Ekushey Padak |url=https://www.newsbangla24.com/news/241615/After-the-Ekushey-Padak-SM-Abraham-Lincoln-of-Kurigram-is-receiving-the-Freedom-Medal |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=Newsbangla24 |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was the fifth of their seven sons. His childhood was influenced by the events of the Bangladesh Liberation War, which shaped his later commitment to social justice and human rights.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Lincoln ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Khalilganj da Kurigram Aliya Madrasa, ya kammala karatun sakandare a makarantar sakandare ta Khalilgang a 1982 da kuma karatun sakandare mafi girma a Kwalejin Gwamnatin Kurigram a 1984. Ya sami LL. B. daga Jami'ar Rajshahi a cikin 1988 da LL. M. a cikin 1989. Lincoln ya kuma kammala difloma a cikin gudanar da karkara da ci gaba daga Philippines.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

Ya kasance mataimakin babban sakatare na Jami'ar Rajshahi ta Tsakiya (RUCSU) a shekarar 1988 yayin da yake karatu a jami'ar.

== Ayyuka ==
Lincoln ya fara aikinsa a matsayin lauya a Kurigram a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 1991, kuma an shigar da shi a matsayin lauyan Babban Kotun a shekarar 1996. An lissafa shi a matsayin lauya na Kotun Koli ta Bangladesh . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Agenda Promoting Navigational Usage of Inland Waterways Guwahati |url=https://cuts-citee.org/pdf/Agenda_Promoting-Navigational-Usage-of-Inland-Waterways-Guwahati_july31-2018.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga shekara ta 2007, Lincoln yana aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da kara na Kurigram . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Judiciary: Bangladesh |url=https://kurigram.judiciary.gov.bd/en/servicve-box-detail/government-pleader |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=kurigram.judiciary.gov.bd |archive-date=2024-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207231826/https://kurigram.judiciary.gov.bd/en/servicve-box-detail/government-pleader |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bangladesh: 25 Bangladeshis return home from Indian jail – ICSF |url=https://icsf.net/newss/bangladesh-25-bangladeshis-return-home-from-indian-jail/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;

Lincoln ya kasance lauya ga dangin Felani Khatun a harbi na Felani Khatu,   wanda ke gudana a [[Kotun koli na Indiya|Kotun Koli ta Indiya]]. Ya kuma taimaka wajen farfado da Taraman Bibi, mai fafutukar 'yanci wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga yakin' yanci.

Shi ne wanda ya kafa Gidan Tarihi na Arewacin Bengal, wanda ke da kayan tarihi da aka tattara sama da shekaru 20 na bincike. Lincoln ya wallafa littattafai 16, da farko a kan tarihin gida, wanda cibiyoyin kamar Bangla Academy da Asiatic Society suka buga. ish..&lt;ref name=&quot;ds26Mar2021&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

A matsayinsa na malami, Lincoln ya kafa Kwalejin Shari'a ta Kurigram . Ya yi aiki a matsayin sanata kuma memba na Kwamitin Binciken Shari'a a Jami'ar Kasa ta Bangladesh kuma a matsayin memba na Kwamiti na Koyarwa na Kwalejin Shari'a na Jami'ar Rajshahi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Judiciary: Bangladesh |url=https://kurigram.judiciary.gov.bd/en/law-education |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=kurigram.judiciary.gov.bd |archive-date=2024-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206232943/https://kurigram.judiciary.gov.bd/en/law-education |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-05-22 |title=Rajshahi University Law Department Holds Lecture on &quot;Peaceful Border: Duties and Responsibilities&quot; |url=https://rulawbd.com/2024/05/22/rajshahi-university-law-department-holds-lecture-on-peaceful-border-duties-and-responsibilities/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=Department of Law |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207131950/https://rulawbd.com/2024/05/22/rajshahi-university-law-department-holds-lecture-on-peaceful-border-duties-and-responsibilities/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;

Lincoln ita ce mai shirya taron The Bangladesh-India Border Victim Rescue Legal Assistance Forum, wanda ke ba da tallafin shari'a ga wadanda abin ya faru a kan iyaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=25 Bangladeshis return home from Indian jail |url=https://www.southasiamonitor.org/cooperationtrade/25-bangladeshis-return-home-indian-jail |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=South Asia Monitor |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; Ya kuma kasance mai ba da shawara ga Kwamitin Gudanar da Musayar Bangladesh-India, wanda ya sauƙaƙa musayar yankuna 161 tsakanin Bangladesh da Indiya.

Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shari'a ga Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Bangladesh da Jami'ar Begum Rokeya da ke Rangpur . 

== Kyaututtuka ==
A ranar 22 ga watan Janairun 2022, an ba Lincoln lambar yabo ta Ekushey Padak, lambar yabo ta biyu mafi muhimmanci ga fararen hula a Bangladesh   kuma a shekarar 2024 an ba shi lambar yabo ta Independence (Swadhinata Padak), babbar lambar yabo ta farar hula a Bangladesh. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abraham Lincoln gets reception |url=https://www.dailypost.net/national/abraham-lincoln-gets-reception/9352 |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=dailypost.net |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abraham Lincoln gets the Swadhinata Padak |url=https://www.dailypost.net/national/abraham-lincoln-gets-the-swadhinata-padak/7515 |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=dailypost.net |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;  
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
==Databox==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sulemana Alijata</title>
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'''Sulemana Alijata''' (25 Agusta 1975) ɗan siyasan Ghana ne, ma'aikacin zamantakewa kuma tsohon Shugaban Gundumar / Memba na Majalisar Sissala Gabas a yankin Upper West na Ghana . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Gbentie, Alijata Sulemana |url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2666 |access-date=2020-01-31 |website=www.ghanamps.com |archive-date=2020-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113090036/http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2666 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Petition For The Disqualification Of Hon. Alijata Sulemana ... |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Petition-For-The-Disqualification-Of-Hon-Alijata-Sulemana-388028 |access-date=2020-01-31 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NPPs Ridwan Dauda Unseats Hajia Alijata |url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/npps-ridwan-dauda-unseats-hajia-alijata/ |access-date=2020-01-31 |publisher=NewsGhana.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=GNA |date=2022-12-08 |title=NDC needs to mobilise more women for 2024 victory - Alijata Sulemana |url=https://gna.org.gh/2022/12/ndc-needs-to-mobilise-more-women-for-2024-victory-alijata-sulemana/ |access-date=2025-08-07 |website=Ghana News Agency |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Alijata tana da aure (tare da yara). Ita musulma ce.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Alijata a ranar 25 ga watan Agusta 1975 a Tumu a yankin Upper West . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Ta samu shaidar difloma a fannin ci gaban al’umma a Kwalejin Raya Karkara daga 2005 zuwa 2007. 

== Siyasa ==
Alijata memba ne na Majalisar Dattijai ta Kasa . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Ra'ayinta a siyasa ita ce gina da kuma karfafa mata a cikin jam'iyyar.

Ta kasance memba na kwamiti akan jinsi da yara, filaye da gandun daji. 

== Ayyuka ==

=== Babban Darakta na Gundumar ===
An nada Alijata shugaban gundumar Sissala ta Yamma daga 2008 zuwa 2013. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

=== Dan majalisa ===
Ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisa mai wakiltar Sissala ta Gabas a majalisar dokokin Ghana ta shida (2013-2017) a karkashin tutar NDC. A matakin mazaɓa, ta taimaka wajen faɗaɗa wutar lantarki ga al'ummomi, ta nemi damar samun damar ICT kuma ta yi amfani da kason asusun gama-gari don kafa ƙungiyoyin Tsarin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da yawa (CHPS), tare da samar da kayan aiki ga cibiyoyin CHPS 4. Alijata ta yi alkawarin kashi 20 cikin 100 na albashin ta na dan majalisar wakilai don tallafa wa mata a mazabarta da cutar kansar nono tare da daukar nauyin yi wa masu fama da cutar kansar nono tiyata guda 23.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=GNA |date=2022-12-08 |title=NDC needs to mobilise more women for 2024 victory - Alijata Sulemana |url=https://gna.org.gh/2022/12/ndc-needs-to-mobilise-more-women-for-2024-victory-alijata-sulemana/ |access-date=2025-08-07 |website=Ghana News Agency |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ita mai ba da gudummawa ce ga kungiyar NGO People Action to Win Life All-round . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sian Brooke</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>114029</id>
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      <id>893337</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T06:30:23Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="20759" sha1="0ug0503bexcm1kx40l3d4cbt1sez21x" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Siân Brooke''' (an Laifi ta Siân Elizabeth Phillips; 1980) [1] 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta [[Ingila]]. Ayyukanta na talabijin sun haɗa da Cape Wrath (2007), Sherlock (2017), Doctor Foster (2017), Good Omens (2019), Guilt (2019), Trying (2020-), House of the Dragon (2022), da Blue Lights (2023-).

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Siân Elizabeth Phillips a Lichfield, Staffordshire, Ingila, a cikin 1980 kuma ita ce ƙarama cikin 'yan uwa uku. Ta ɗauki sunan mataki don kauce wa rikicewa tare da 'yar wasan Welsh Siân Phillips, ta zaɓi Brooke bayan wani janar na Yaƙin basasar Ingila Lord Brooke wanda aka kashe a Lichfield.  Ita 'yar wani jami'in 'yan sanda ce kuma malami.&lt;ref name=&quot;LM&quot; /&gt; Iyayenta Welsh ne.&lt;ref name=&quot;WalesOnline1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Whitfield, Lydia |date=25 April 2004 |title=Revealed: Wales's top 50 single women |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/tm_objectid=14180572&amp;method=full&amp;siteid=50082&amp;page=2&amp;headline=revealed--wales-s-top-50-single-women-name_page.html |access-date=20 August 2009 |publisher=[[Wales on Sunday]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Brooke ta fara karatu ne a Makarantar Friary da ke Lichfield.  Da farko ta shiga gidan wasan kwaikwayo na matasa na Lichfield tana da shekaru 11 kafin ta zama memba na Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Matasa na Kasa kuma daga baya ta horar da ita a Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), daga inda ta kammala a shekara ta 2002.  &lt;ref name=&quot;LM&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sian Brooke |url=https://www.rada.ac.uk/profiles?aos=acting&amp;yr=2002&amp;fn=sian&amp;sn=brooke |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=[[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Ta fara wasan kwaikwayo ne a matsayin Krista a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Dinotopia'' a shekara ta 2002.&lt;ref name=&quot;RADA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sian Brooke on Hamlet, Parenthood and her studies at RADA |url=https://www.rada.ac.uk/rada_files/alumni_enewsletter/siân_brooke.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118225110/https://www.rada.ac.uk/rada_files/alumni_enewsletter/sian_brooke.pdf |archive-date=18 January 2017 |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=Royal Academy of Dramatic Art}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kyautar talabijin ta Brooke ta haɗa da A Touch of Frost, Hotel Babylon, Foyle's War, da The ''Fixer''. Yayinda take yarinya, an nuna ta a cikin Strangers in Utah tare da Adrian Dunbar da Phyllida Law. Ta kuma taka rawar Laura a cikin All About George da Lori Marcuse a ''Cape Wrath'' .

Brooke ta ba da muryarta ga wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo Murder on the Homefront, A Pin to See the Peepshow, da Dreaming in Africa. &lt;ref name=&quot;NT1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Theatre: Company Members: Sian Brooke |url=http://www.nationaltheatre.org.uk/45819/company-members/sian-brooke.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817103333/http://www.nationaltheatre.org.uk/45819/company-members/sian-brooke.html |archive-date=17 August 2011 |publisher=National Theatre}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayyukan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Brooke sun haɗa da ''Girbi'', Dying City, Dido Sarauniya ta Carthage, A cikin Kungiyar, ''''Birina'' Ranar Haihuwar'', &quot;Ba Ni Gudana&quot; da Absolutely Maybe. Ta kuma bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen Poor Beck, A Midsummer Night's Dream, King Lear da ''Romeo da Juliet'', tare da Royal Shakespeare Company. &lt;ref name=&quot;NT1&quot;/&gt; Daga Yuli zuwa Agusta 2008, Brooke ta buga Dorothy Gale a cikin kiɗa The Wizard of Oz a Cibiyar Southbank. Jude Kelly ne ya ba da umarnin samar da shi. A cikin shekara ta 2011 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Almeida, London, ta bayyana a cikin Stephen Poliakoff's My City da Neil LaBute's Reasons to be Pretty. Daga watan Agusta zuwa Oktoba 2015, Brooke ta buga Ophelia tare da Benedict Cumberbatch a cikin samar da ''Hamlet'' na Barbican.'''

A cikin 2017, Brooke ta fito a cikin jerin na huɗu na wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin na ''Sherlock'' a matsayin 'yar'uwar Sherlock Holmes, Eurus. Da farko ta yi sauraro ga haruffa da yawa a cikin wasan kwaikwayon kafin masu nunawa su ''Gwada'' wa Brooke cewa duk haruffa ɗaya ne, Eurus, wanda zai zama masanin ɓoyewa. Michael Hogan da ke rubutawa ga The Daily Telegraph a cikin bita na uku na jerin ya yi sharhi cewa rawar ta kasance &quot;tauraruwa ce daga Siân Brooke&quot;. Daga baya a cikin shekarar, ta bayyana tare da Sheridan Smith da Gemma Whelan a cikin miniseries na BBC The Moorside, bisa ga satar Shannon Matthews.  Ta fito a matsayin Karen a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen Apple TV na farko na Trying, wanda aka sabunta don jerin na uku 

Ayyukanta na jagora a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen BBC na 2023-24 Blue Lights a matsayin Grace Ellis, mahaifiyar wata matashiya wacce ta yanke shawara a cikin shekaru 40 don barin aikinta a matsayin ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa don shiga Ofishin 'yan sanda na Arewacin Ireland, an yaba da ita sosai.

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Brooke ta yi aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;RADA&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mellor |first=Louisa |date=13 January 2017 |title=Sherlock series 4: Sian Brooke on keeping her role secret |url=http://www.denofgeek.com/uk/tv/sherlock/46505/sherlock-series-4-sian-brooke-on-keeping-her-role-secret |publisher=Den of Geek |access-date=14 August 2025 |archive-date=14 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114104759/http://www.denofgeek.com/uk/tv/sherlock/46505/sherlock-series-4-sian-brooke-on-keeping-her-role-secret |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita jakada ce ga kungiyar agaji ta sauya sauyin yanayi The Glacier Trust. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 November 2017 |title=Siân Brooke joins The Glacier Trust |url=http://theglaciertrust.org/blog/sianbrooke |access-date=2019-05-26 |website=The Glacier Trust |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==

=== Talabijin ===

=== Film ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekaru (s) 
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2019
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Rediyo mai amfani''
|Bronia Sklodowska
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Radioactive (2019) |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5f93564756844 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203035253/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5f93564756844 |archive-date=3 December 2020 |access-date=10 October 2022 |publisher=British Film Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|''Jikin ruwa''
|Stephanie
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
|}

=== Mataki ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Year(s)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Title
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Role
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Theatre
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Notes
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2002
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Just a Bloke''
|Lisa
|Royal Court Theatre
|7 November&amp;nbsp;– 23 November
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;RCT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 October 2002 |title=Imprint: The Royal Court Young Writers Festival 2002 |url=https://www.londontheatre.co.uk/theatre-news/news/imprint-the-royal-court-young-writers-festival-2002 |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=London Theatre}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for Just a Bloke (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Just-a-Bloke-Imprint-Young-Writers-Festival-2002-Programme-2/T2075800796/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2002
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''{{Sortname|The|One with the Oven}}''
|Sarah
|Royal Court Theatre
|7 November&amp;nbsp;– 23 November
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;RCT&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for The One with the Oven (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/The-One-with-the-Oven-Imprint-Young-Writers-Festival-2002-Programme-2/T1218237054/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=18 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118140255/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/The-One-with-the-Oven-Imprint-Young-Writers-Festival-2002-Programme-2/T1218237054/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2003
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Absolutely! (Perhaps)''
|Dina
|Wyndham's Theatre
|7 May&amp;nbsp;– 13 September
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for Absolutely!! (Perhaps) (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Absolutely-Perhaps/T1798147795/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=18 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118140253/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Absolutely-Perhaps/T1798147795/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004–2005
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Romeo and Juliet''
|Juliet
|Royal Shakespeare Theatre&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Noël Coward Theatre
|25 March 2004&amp;nbsp;– 8 October 2004&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;16 December 2004&amp;nbsp;– 8 January 2005
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Orme |first=Steve |title=Romeo and Juliet |url=http://www.britishtheatreguide.info/reviews/RSCrandj-rev |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=The British Theatre Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for Romeo and Juliet (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Romeo-and-Juliet/T715328794/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for Romeo and Juliet (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Romeo-and-Juliet/T01718616059/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=18 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118135942/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Romeo-and-Juliet/T01718616059/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004–2005
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''King Lear''
|Cordelia
|Royal Shakespeare Theatre&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Theatre Royal, Newcastle&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Noël Coward Theatre
|17 June 2004&amp;nbsp;– 14 October 2004&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;16 November 2004&amp;nbsp;– 20 November 2004&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;13 January 2005&amp;nbsp;– 5 February 2005
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for King Lear (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/King-Lear/T0462252551/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=18 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118052325/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/King-Lear/T0462252551/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fisher |first=Philip |title=King Lear |url=http://www.britishtheatreguide.info/reviews/rsclearnnewcastle-rev |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=The British Theatre Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for King Lear (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/King-Lear/T0560502460/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=18 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118052327/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/King-Lear/T0560502460/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004–2005
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Poor Beck''
|Myrrha
|The Other Place&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Soho Theatre
|29 September 2004&amp;nbsp;– 7 October 2004&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;11 March 2005&amp;nbsp;– 16 March 2005
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for Poor Beck (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Poor-Beck-New-Work-Festival/T393460816/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=18 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118213609/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Poor-Beck-New-Work-Festival/T393460816/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Harvest''
|Laura
|Royal Court Theatre
|2 September&amp;nbsp;– 1 October
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fisher |first=Philip |title=Harvest |url=http://www.britishtheatreguide.info/reviews/harvest-rev |access-date=18 January 2017 |publisher=The British Theatre Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Berkowitz |first=Gerald |date=9 September 2005 |title=Harvest review at Royal Court London |url=https://www.thestage.co.uk/reviews/2005/harvest-review-at-royal-court-london/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118225601/https://www.thestage.co.uk/reviews/2005/harvest-review-at-royal-court-london/ |archive-date=18 January 2017 |access-date=17 January 2017 |website=The Stage}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for Harvest (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Harvest/T073537242/ |access-date=18 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=18 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118223235/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Harvest/T073537242/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''{{Sortname|A|Midsummer Night's Dream}}''
|Hermia
|Theatre Royal, Nottingham&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hackney Empire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;St David's Hall
|11 February&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;12 February&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;25 March
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for A Midsummer Night's Dream (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/A-Midsummer-Nights-Dream/T0748359283/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=19 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119050556/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/A-Midsummer-Nights-Dream/T0748359283/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Dying City''
|Kelly
|Royal Court Theatre
|12 May&amp;nbsp;– 10 June
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for Dying City (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Dying-City/T1106338332/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=18 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118052216/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Dying-City/T1106338332/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007–2008
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''In the Club''
|Sasha
|Hampstead Theatre&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Richmond Theatre&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Festival Theatre, Malvern&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wycombe Swan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Theatre Royal, Brighton&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Belgrade Theatre&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;New Theatre, Cardiff
|25 July 2007&amp;nbsp;– 25 August 2007&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;12 February 2008&amp;nbsp;– 16 February 2008&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;18 February 2008&amp;nbsp;– 23 February 2008&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;25 February 2008&amp;nbsp;– 1 March 2008&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3 March 2008&amp;nbsp;– 8 March 2008&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10 March 2008&amp;nbsp;– 15 March 2008&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;18 March 2008&amp;nbsp;– 22 March 2008
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for In the Club (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/In-the-Club/T1822691294/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=18 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118221512/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/In-the-Club/T1822691294/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for In the Club (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/In-the-Club/T1977182658/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=19 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119050558/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/In-the-Club/T1977182658/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''{{Sortname|The|Birthday Party}}''
|Lulu
|Lyric Theatre
|8 May&amp;nbsp;– 24 May
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for The Birthday Party (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/The-Birthday-Party-50th-Anniversary-Production/T1682261816/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=18 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118222736/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/The-Birthday-Party-50th-Anniversary-Production/T1682261816/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''{{Sortname|The|Wizard of Oz}}''
|Dorothy
|Royal Festival Hall
|23 July&amp;nbsp;– 31 August
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for The Wizard of Oz (Musical) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Musical/The-Wizard-of-Oz/T0615438447/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=18 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118135840/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Musical/The-Wizard-of-Oz/T0615438447/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Dido, Queen of Carthage''
|Anna
|Royal National Theatre
|17 March&amp;nbsp;– 7 May
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for Dido, Queen of Carthage (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Dido-Queen-of-Carthage/T1348273274/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=18 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118051811/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Dido-Queen-of-Carthage/T1348273274/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Article 19''
|
|Royal Court Theatre
|3 July&amp;nbsp;– 4 July
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for Article 19 (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Article-19-Thrown/T1764105562/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=18 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118215841/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Article-19-Thrown/T1764105562/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2010
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Wanderlust''
|{{Sortname|Clare|Walsh}}
|Royal Court Theatre
|9 September&amp;nbsp;– 9 October
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for Wanderlust (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Wanderlust/T689203488/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=18 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118222734/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Wanderlust/T689203488/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2010
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Joseph K''
|Various
|Gate Theatre
|11 November&amp;nbsp;– 18 December
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for Joseph K (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Joseph-K/T0406017657/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=19 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119045936/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Joseph-K/T0406017657/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2011
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Ecstasy''
|Jean
|Hampstead Theatre&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Duchess Theatre
|10 March&amp;nbsp;– 9 April&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;12 April&amp;nbsp;– 28 May
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for Ecstasy (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Ecstasy/T106076200/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=18 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118221513/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Ecstasy/T106076200/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2011
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''My City''
|Julie
|Almeida Theatre
|8 September&amp;nbsp;– 5 November
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for My City (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/My-City/T593220644/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=29 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029012642/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/My-City/T593220644/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2011–2012
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Reasons to Be Pretty''
|Steph
|Almeida Theatre
|10 November 2011&amp;nbsp;– 14 January 2012
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for Reasons to be Pretty (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Reasons-to-be-Pretty/T1505996400/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |archive-date=18 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118135011/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Reasons-to-be-Pretty/T1505996400/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2013
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Tartuffe''
|Elmire
|Birmingham Repertory Theatre
|1 November&amp;nbsp;– 16 November
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for Tartuffe (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Tartuffe/T811419278/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=18 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118052417/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Tartuffe/T811419278/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Hamlet''
|Ophelia
|[[Barbican Centre]]
|5 August&amp;nbsp;– 31 October
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour archive for Hamlet (Play) |url=http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Hamlet/T0322742747/ |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=UK Theatre Web |archive-date=18 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118052218/http://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/Tour/Play/Hamlet/T0322742747/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2018
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''I'm Not Running''
|Pauline
|National Theatre
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
|}

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{IMDb name}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]]</text>
      <sha1>0ug0503bexcm1kx40l3d4cbt1sez21x</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>José Perácio</title>
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        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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      <text bytes="1707" sha1="d1bygv72damw8d0bwt1130sstrrgl6p" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''José Perácio Berjun''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Perácio''' (2 ga watan Nuwamba 1917 a Nova Lima - 10 ga watan Maris ɗin shekarar 1977 a [[Rio de Janeiro]]) &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cbf.com.br/php/craques_copas.php?j=196 CBF profile]{{Dead link|date=April 2017|fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Brazil wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba.

A gabaki daya aikinsa (1932-1951) ya buga wa Villa Nova, Botafogo, Flamengo da [[Canto do Rio Futebol Clube|Canto do Rio]] kuma ya lashe Gasar zakarun jihar Minas Gerais sau uku shekara ta (1933, 1934 da 1935) da kuma gasar zakarurwar jihar Rio de Janeiro sau uku (1942, shekara ta 1943 da shekarar 1944). A matakin kasa da kasa, ya halarci gasar cin Kofin Duniya na FIFA na shekarar 1938 tare da kasar Brazil, ya taimaka wa tawagarsa zuwa matsayi na uku, ya buga wasanni hudu kuma ya zira kwallaye uku.&lt;ref&gt;{{FIFA player|56091}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kasance mai sa kai a cikin rundunar sojan kasar Brazil (FEB) a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu .

Ya mutu yana da shekaru 59.

== Daraja ==

; Villa Nova

* Gasar zakarun jihar Minas Gerais: 1933, 1934, 1935

; Flamengo

* Gasar Cin Kofin Jihar Rio de Janeiro: 1942, 1943, 1944

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{Cite web |title=Player bio - www.botafogopaixao.kit.net, 2004 |url=http://orbita.starmedia.com/~goleada/craques_do_botafogo.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070906172807/http://orbita.starmedia.com/~goleada/craques_do_botafogo.htm |archive-date=2007-09-06 |access-date=2017-04-28}}
* José Perácioa Sambafoot (an adana shi) 
* {{FIFA player|56091}}
{{Brazil Squad 1938 World Cup}}
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1917]]</text>
      <sha1>d1bygv72damw8d0bwt1130sstrrgl6p</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893406</id>
      <parentid>893405</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:40:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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      <origin>893406</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1712" sha1="b9rexj7ilr3g9rvnk896ealmrs9krgf" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''José Perácio Berjun''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Perácio''' (2 ga watan Nuwamba 1917 a Nova Lima - 10 ga watan Maris ɗin shekarar 1977 a [[Rio de Janeiro]]) &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cbf.com.br/php/craques_copas.php?j=196 CBF profile]{{Dead link|date=April 2017|fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Brazil wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba.

A gabaki daya aikinsa (1932-1951) ya buga wa Villa Nova, Botafogo, Flamengo da [[Canto do Rio Futebol Clube|Canto do Rio]] kuma ya lashe Gasar zakarun jihar Minas Gerais sau uku shekara ta (1933, 1934 da 1935) da kuma gasar zakarurwar jihar Rio de Janeiro sau uku (1942, shekara ta 1943 da shekarar 1944). A matakin kasa da kasa, ya halarci gasar cin Kofin Duniya na FIFA na shekarar 1938 tare da kasar Brazil, ya kuma taimaka wa tawagarsa zuwa matsayi na uku, ya buga wasanni hudu kuma ya zira kwallaye uku.&lt;ref&gt;{{FIFA player|56091}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kasance mai sa kai a cikin rundunar sojan kasar Brazil (FEB) a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu .

Ya mutu yana da shekaru 59.

== Daraja ==

; Villa Nova

* Gasar zakarun jihar Minas Gerais: 1933, 1934, 1935

; Flamengo

* Gasar Cin Kofin Jihar Rio de Janeiro: 1942, 1943, 1944

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{Cite web |title=Player bio - www.botafogopaixao.kit.net, 2004 |url=http://orbita.starmedia.com/~goleada/craques_do_botafogo.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070906172807/http://orbita.starmedia.com/~goleada/craques_do_botafogo.htm |archive-date=2007-09-06 |access-date=2017-04-28}}
* José Perácioa Sambafoot (an adana shi) 
* {{FIFA player|56091}}
{{Brazil Squad 1938 World Cup}}
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1917]]</text>
      <sha1>b9rexj7ilr3g9rvnk896ealmrs9krgf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sokoto (Birni)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>115258</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893357</id>
      <parentid>873606</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T07:56:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>13371</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>893357</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20124" sha1="b1c1hx6wyhog3usfrfbvqghn40vbeou" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
[[Fayil:Sokotorivermap.png|thumb|Kogin Sokoto, yana nuna wurin da birnin yake]]
'''Sokoto''' babban birni ne dake a cikin ƙarshen arewa maso yammacin [[Najeriya]], kusa da mahadar [[Sokoto (kogi)|kogin Sokoto]] da [[kogin Rima]] . A  shekarar 2006, tana da yawan jama'a sama da 427,760. Sokoto ita ce babban birnin [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]] a wannan zamani kuma a baya ita ce hedikwatar jihohin arewa maso yamma. Sakkwato ta shahara wajen cinikin fatun tumaki, fatun shanu, sana’ar fata (wani gagarumin fitarwa) da gyada kola da fatun akuya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-07-07 |title=Sokoto {{!}} Map, Population, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sokoto-Nigeria |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wurin zama ne mai cike da tarihi na tsohuwar [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]], birnin [[Musulunci a Najeriya|yawancin musulmi]] ne kuma muhimmin wurin koyar da addinin musulunci a Najeriya. [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sarkin Musulmin]] da ke shugabantar halifanci ne yadda ya kamata a matsayin shugaban addinin Musulunci na Najeriya.

== Suna da kirarin asali ==
 
 Sunan Sokoto (wanda shine sunan na zamani/a turance daga sunan asali da mazauna ke faɗa (''Sakkwato'' ) asalin [[Larabci]] ne, yana nufin (''sooq'',) ma'ana 'kasuwa' . Kuma ana kiranta da ''Sakkwato, Birnin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Shaihu]] da [[Muhammadu Bello|Bello]]'' ko kuma “Sakoto Birnin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Shaihu]] da [[Muhammadu Bello|Bello]] ko kuma Sokoto Birnin Shehu ta mai da kasari zuma, (Shaihu yana nufin Sheikh Usman dan Fodio, wanda ya kafa Daular Sakkwato, da Bello dansa/majibinsa, Sultan Muhammad Bello).

== Yanayi ==
Sokoto tana da yanayi mai zafi mai ratsa ruwa ( [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen weather classification]] ''BSH'' ). Tana cikin busasshiyar [[Sahel]], kewaye da yashi mai yashi da tsaunuka keɓance.

Tare da matsakaicin zafin shekara kimanin {{Convert|28.3|°C|°F|1}}, Sokoto na daya daga cikin garuruwan da suka fi zafi a Najeriya. Kodayake, matsakaicin yanayin zafin rana gabaɗaya ba ya haura {{Convert|40|°C|°F|1}} a mafi yawa cikin shekara, kuma bushewar yana sa zafi ya iya jurewa. &lt;ref name=&quot;sokoto-description&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Brief History and Geography of Sokoto State |url=http://www.sokoto-state.com/state.html |access-date=7 April 2007 |archive-date=12 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070512010735/http://www.sokoto-state.com/state.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mafi yawan watanni shine Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu, inda zafin rana zai iya wuce 40&amp;nbsp;°C. Mafi girman zafin jiki da ake samu shine 45&amp;nbsp;°C. Lokacin damina na daga watan Yuni zuwa Oktoba, wanda a lokacin shawa ke zama ruwan dare a kullum. Ruwan shawa ba ya daɗe yana daɗewa kuma yana da nisa daga ruwan shawa na yau da kullun da aka sani a yankuna masu zafi da yawa. Daga karshen Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu, a lokacin 'lokacin sanyi', yanayin yana gauraye da iska hunturu da ke kada kurar Sahara a cikin kasa. Kurar tana dusashe hasken rana, don haka  zafi ke raguwa sosai.

Hanyar noman amfanin gona a yankin ita ce makwararar ruwan kogin Sokoto-Rima, wanda ke cike da kasa mai albarka. Sauran amfanin gonakin da ake nomawa a Sakkwato sun hada da gero, dawa, wake watakila ya fi yawa, sai masara, shinkafa, sesame, sauran hatsi da kayan lambu kamar: albasa, tumatir, barkono, attarugu, latas, da kabeji. [1] [2] Baya ga gero, Sakkwato ce kan gaba wajen noman albasa a Najeriya. Ta fuskar ciyayi, Sakkwato ta fada cikin yankin savannah. Wannan buɗaɗɗen ciyayi ce ta tse-tse mara ciyayi wacce ta dace da noman hatsi da kiwo. Ruwan sama yana farawa a makare kuma yana ƙarewa da wuri tare da matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara tsakanin 500 mm da 1,300 mm. Akwai manyan yanayi guda biyu a Sakkwato, wato jika da bushewa. Lokacin rani yana farawa daga Oktoba, kuma yana ɗaukar har zuwa Afrilu a wasu sassa kuma yana iya ƙara zuwa Mayu ko Yuni a wasu sassa. A daya bangaren kuma lokacin damina yana farawa a yawancin sassan jihar a watan Mayu kuma yana kai har zuwa Satumba, ko Oktoba. Harmattan, busasshiyar iska, sanyi, da ƙura mai ƙura ana fuskanta a cikin jihar tsakanin Nuwamba da Fabrairu. Zafi ya fi tsanani a jihar a watan Maris da Afrilu. Amma yanayi a jihar kullum sanyi ne da safe da kuma zafi da rana, sai dai a lokacin harmattan kololuwa.

Tsarin yanayin jihar ya mamaye filin Hausa na arewacin [[Najeriya]] . Fadin qasar da ake nomawa a cikin kogin Sokoto-Rima ya wargaza fili tare da samar da qasa mai cike da albarkar noman amfanin gona iri-iri a jihar. Haka kuma akwai tsaunuka da tsaunuka keɓe a warwatse a duk faɗin jihar.{{Weather box}}

== Ci gaban tarihi ==
 
[[Fayil:Travels_and_discoveries_in_North_and_Central_Africa._From_the_journal_of_an_expedition_undertaken_under_the_auspices_of_H.B.M.'s_government,_in_the_years_1849-1855_(1859)_(14781116835).jpg|thumb|Kasuwa a Sokoto, farkon shekarun 1850]]
[[Fayil:West_Africa_in_1897.jpg|thumb|Yankin Sokoto, wanda aka nuna a cakuɗe a taswirar 1897]]
[[Fayil:Sokoto_Sultanate.png|thumb|Sarkin Musulmi a zamanin Sarkin Musulmi Ahmadu Rufa'i]]
Shehu Usmanu Dan Fodiyo ya yi amfani da Sokoto tun a watan Oktoban 1804 a matsayin wurin ganawa da Galadima, Wazirin Yunfa. Daga bisani, dansa Muhammad Bello ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin wurin shirya hari a Dufua a cikin bazara na 1806. Bovil ya nuna cewa ana iya kiran yankin da Sokoto tun a karni na sha bakwai. Ta fuskar tarihi, an kafa Sakkwato a matsayin ribat (sansanin soja ko iyaka) a shekarar 1809, lokacin da Shehu Usmanu ke Sifawa. Daga baya ta zama hedikwatar halifanci bayan rasuwar Shehu.

A cikin 1820s, Sakkwato ta kasance a kololuwar ci gabanta ya yi daidai da kololuwar ikon ‘sarakunanta’ a tsakiyar halifanci, tana karbar harajin shekara-shekara daga dukkan fifuffuka kafin wani lokaci mai tsawo na raguwa. Mai binciken Hugh Clapperton (1827) ya burge sosai da wannan wadata da tasirinsa a cikin birnin.

Clapperton ya lura da mahimmancin matsugunin Sokoto: Koguna, maimakon kasuwanci mai nisa a cikin tattalin arzikin birnin. Amma a halin yanzu harkokin kasuwanci a Sakkwato ba su da la’akari da shi, saboda tabarbarewar yanayin da kasar ke ciki.

A lokacin da mai binciken [[Heinrich Barth]] ya zo a shekarar 1853, Sokoto ta kasance cikin kankanin mazauna kuma ta lalace matuka. Barth a 1857 ya kiyasta yawan jama'a 20,000-22,000 ne kawai, amma har yanzu ana ba da kasuwa kuma ana halarta, kuma wani yanki mai ci gaba a wajen bango ya fi Sokoto kanta.

Bovil ya bayyana Sokoto a matsayin matsayi mai karfi, wanda ke da tudu daga gabas zuwa arewa maso yamma da kuma wani karamin kwari a yamma da kudu maso yamma da ke ba ta kariya daga hare-haren da sojojin dawakai suka kai musu. Garin ya mamaye tudu mai fadi inda koguna biyu, Rima da Sokoto ke haduwa, kasancewar mahadar tituna daga Gobir a arewa, Kebbi a kudu da Burmi Zamfara a gabas.

A farkon karni na 19, an raba garin (Sokoto) zuwa unguwanni. Irin wadannan unguwanni sun hada da unguwar Magajin Gari, unguwar Waziri, unguwar Sarkin Musulmi, unguwar Sarkin Adar, unguwar Magajin Rafi, da unguwar Sarkin Zamfara. A wannan lokaci unguwannin sun kasance kanana kuma an kewaye su da katanga, wadanda suka hada da masallatan Sultan Bello da Shehu, da fadar Sarkin Musulmi da sauran gine-gine da kuma harabar gidan Shehu.

A cikin 1818, an shimfida katangar har ta kai ga tana da ƙofofin da ke shiga da fita daga bangon Birni. Irin wadannan kofofin su ne Kofar-Kade, Kofar-Kware, Kofar-Rini, Kofar-Dundaye, Kofar-Taramniya, Kofar-Aliyu Jedo, da Kofar-Marke.
[[Fayil:View_of_Sokoto_(1890).jpg|thumb|Duban bayan gari (1890)]]
Yankin Sakkwato na yanzu ya kasance gidan masarautu da masarautu da yawa na yammacin Sudan kafin mulkin mallaka. Wadannan sun hada da masarautun [[Gobir]] da Kebbi da kuma shahararriyar khalifancin da ya shafi ruhi da siyasarsa shine hedikwatar jihar.

Bayan mamayar daular halifanci da turawan ingila suka yi a shekarar 1903, an mayar da bangarori daban-daban nata ‘yan cin gashin kansu suka shiga cikin gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya. Ta haka ne yankin arewa ya kasance mafi yawan sassan daular Sokoto da daular [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . Wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa Janairu 1967 lokacin da aka kirkiro jihohi don maye gurbin gwamnatocin yankuna da Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ya yi. Sokoto ta zama hedikwatar jihar arewa maso yamma da aka kirkira a shekarar 1967. A shekarar 1976 bayan kirkiro jihar Neja daga jihar Arewa maso yamma, jihar Sokoto ta zama hedikwatarta. Duk da haka a jihohin Sokoto, Kebbi da Zamfara an sassare su daga Sokoto, a 1991 da 1996 bi da bi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-12-29 |title=History of Sokoto - Official Website of Sokoto State Government |url=https://sokotostate.gov.ng/history-of-sokoto/ |access-date=2023-07-15 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Don haka babban birnin Sakkwato ya kasance hedkwatar gwamnatoci daban-daban tun lokacin da Halifa Muhammad Bello ya kafa shi a 1809. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Brief History of Sokoto State :: Nigeria Information &amp; Guide |url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Sokoto/Brief-History-of-Sokoto-State.html |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=www.nigeriagalleria.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mutane da al'adu ==
Jihar Sokoto tana da yawan jama'a miliyan 3.7 [1] [2] bisa ga shekara ta 2006. Ƙididdigar da ta ƙunshi ƙabilu biyu wato Fulani da Hausa . Garin Sokoto babban birnin jihar Sokoto yana da yawan jama'a kusan 2.5 miliyan. Baya ga Fulani da Hausawa akwai ‘yan tsiraru na Zabarmawa da Abzinawa a yankunan kananan hukumomin. Duk wadannan kungiyoyi suna magana da Hausa a matsayin harshen gama gari. Fulani ne ke magana da Fulfulde .

Hausawa mazauna jihar sun hada da Gobirawa, Zamfarawa, Kabawa, Adarawa da Arawa. Su kuma Fulanin manyan kungiyoyi biyu ne; garin Fulani ( Hausa   ; Fula   ) da kuma Makiyaya. Na farko ya hada da Torankawa, dangin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo]], [[Sulluɓawa|Sullubawa]] da Zoramawa. Torankawa sune aristocratic ajin tun 1804.

A al'adance jihar tana daya. Al'ummar jihar galibinsu musulmi ne. Tufafinsu kuma asalinsu na Musulunci ne. Ana gudanar da manyan bukukuwa guda biyu wato [[Sallar Idi ƙarama|Eid-el-Fitri]] da [[Sallar Idi Babba|Eid-el-Kabir]] duk shekara a jihar. Na farko ya kawo karshen [[Azumi a Musulunci|azumin]] watan Ramadan, yayin da na karshen ya kunshi yankan raguna domin tunawa da wani aiki da [[Annabi Ibrahim|annabin Musulunci Ibrahim]] ( [[Ibrahim]] kakan Yahudawa) ya yi.

Wasan gargajiya ( [[Kokawa]] ) da dambe ( [[Dambe]] ) sune wasanni biyu da Hausawa ke jin dadinsu yayin da Fulani da Sullubawa suke nishadantar da Sharo &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-04-22 |title=Sharo Ceremony, the scars of Fulani love in Nigeria |url=https://kumakonda.com/sharo-fulani-nigeria/ |access-date=2025-08-26 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Doro.  bi da bi. Manyan maziyartan jihar galibi ana yi masu zuwa ga babbar ko karamar [[durbar]], taron da ya kunshi faretin dawakai da aka kawata da rakuma wadanda mazaje suke sanye da cikakkun kayan soja da na al'adu.

== Gurbatar muhalli ==
Jama’a ar Sakkwato na cikin hatsarin gaske ga matsalar rashin lafiya sakamakon kurar iska da ke haifar da ciwon huhu da kuma kara yawan mace-mace, musamman daga cututtukan zuciya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Air Quality &amp; Pollen Forecast for Sokoto |url=https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/outdoorsports/airquality/sokoto_nigeria_2322911 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=meteoblue |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-09-22 |title=Sokoto Air Quality Index (AQI) and Nigeria Air Pollution {{!}} IQAir |url=https://www.iqair.com/nigeria/sokoto |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=www.iqair.com |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Air Quality and Pollen in Sokoto, Nigeria {{!}} Tomorrow.io |url=https://www.tomorrow.io/weather/NG/Sokoto/2158714/health/ |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=Tomorrow.io Weather |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007003050/https://www.tomorrow.io/weather/NG/Sokoto/2158714/health/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan tattalin arziki ==
[[Fayil:Sokoto_market_2006.jpg|right|thumb|Kasuwar Sokoto]]
Sama da kashi tamanin (80%) na mazauna Sokoto suna yin noma iri daya ko kuma wata. Suna noman amfanin gona kamar gero, masara, shinkafa, dankalin turawa, rogo, gyada, wake da dai sauransu don rayuwa. Suna kuma samar da alkama, auduga da ganyaye don tsabar kudi. Sana'o'in cikin gida irin su saƙa da rini da sassaƙa da fata su ma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattalin arzikin al'ummar Sakkwato; a sakamakon haka, yankuna daban-daban kamar Makera, Marina, Takalmawa da Majema sun zama mahimmanci. Sokoto kuma na daya daga cikin yankunan da ake kiwon kifi a kasar. Don haka adadi mai yawa na mutanen da ke gefen kogin suna yin kamun kifi.

Haka ma Sokoto tana da albarkatun kasa da ma'adinai. Kamfanonin hadin gwiwar Agro da ke amfani da auduga, gyada, dawa, danko, masara, shinkafa, alkama, rake, rogo, karo da taba a matsayin albarkatun kasa ana iya kafa su a yankin. Haka kuma za a iya yin noma mai yawa a jihar ta hanyar amfani da ruwan ban ruwa daga madatsar Goronyo, Lugu, Kalmalo, Wammakko da Kwakwazo da sauransu.

Albarkatun ma'adinai irin su kaolin, gypsum, limestone, laterite, jan niƙa, phosphate duka rawaya da kore, yumbu inuwa, yashi da dai sauransu, suna samuwa a cikin adadi na kasuwanci. Za a iya kafa masana'antu na ma'adinai masu amfani da waɗannan albarkatun ƙasa a cikin jihar.

Rashin tashiwar tse-tse a buɗaɗɗen ciyayi yana amfana da namun daji da na gida. Sokoto ita ce ta biyu a fannin kiwon dabbobi a yawan dabbobin kasar sama da miliyan takwas.

Samuwar wadannan hanyoyin tattalin arziki na samar da damammakin zuba jari, musamman a masana'antar hada-hadar noma kamar su fulawa, sarrafa tumatur, tace sukari, yadi, gamna, jima, gwangwanin kifi, da sauransu.

== Sufuri ==
Sokoto ba ta da tsarin sufurin jama'a. Sufuri a cikin birni (lokacin da ba da ƙafa ba) galibi suna amfani da mopeds waɗanda ke aiki azaman tasi na mutum ɗaya kuma wani lokaci masu keke masu uku suna jigilar mutane daga wannan wuri zuwa wancan; wannan yana ba da damar ɗaukar mutane fiye da ɗaya a lokaci ɗaya (har yanzu a farashi mai arha kamar mopeds). Motocin bas da tasi ba safai ba ne kuma galibi ana amfani da su ne kawai don jigilar kayayyaki tsakanin birane.

Wani abin sha’awa a yankin da kasa da kashi 2% na ‘yan mata ke kammala karatun sakandare, an kafa garejin mata duka a cikin birnin Sakkwato domin horar da ‘yan mata kan gyaran ababen hawa. Cibiyar Nana: Girls and Women Empowerment Initiative ce ta kafa, garejin na horar da dalibai mata 25 da suka koyo tare da tallafin shugabannin addinin Musulunci na yankin. 

10&amp;nbsp;km kudu da Sokoto akwai [[Filin jirgin saman Sokoto|filin jirgin sama na kasa da kasa]] wanda ke da alaka da [[Abuja]] da [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] da [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] .

== Masana'antu ==
A watan Agusta 2008, an rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar gina aikin siminti a Sokoto, kuma an bude kamfanin a shekarar 2022. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Release |first=Press |date=2022-01-27 |title=Buhari inaugurates BUA's new cement plant in Sokoto |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/508229-buhari-inaugurates-buas-new-cement-plant-in-sokoto.html |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Birane ==
Garin birni ne da ya ke da dogon tarihi a ƙasar Hausa. An fara aiwatar da tsarin ne a lokacin da wasu yankuna masu mahimmanci na kasar Hausa suka bunkasa tun daga Kauyuka zuwa Birane. Amma duk da haka daya daga cikin manyan illolin da mai jihadi ya haifar shi ne gudun wannan lamari ba wai a kasar Hausa kadai ba, har ma a duk wuraren da gwamnatin halifanci ta shafa. Sabbin garuruwa sun taso kuma tsofaffin garuruwa sun shiga wani yanayi na ci gaban da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba, wasu a matsayin sabbin wuraren harkokin kasuwanci, wasu a matsayin manyan masarautu da cibiyoyin gudanarwa da kasuwanci.

Daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin halifancin Sokoto ya faro ne da kafa birnin Sakkwato (helkwatar halifanci). A zamanin jahiliyya, yankin da ke tsakanin Masarautar Gobir da Kebbi shi ne yankin da aka fi sani da “Kasar makiyaya”. Amma da nasarar jihadin da Shehu usmau dan Fodiyo (1804-1808) ya jagoranta da kuma nasarar da masu jihadi suka samu kan sarakunan kasar Hausa, Muhammad Bello ya gina birnin Sokoto (helkwatar khalifanci). Haka kuma, kamar yadda Abdul-Razaq Shehu ya lura a cikin littafinsa ''na Sakkwato Birnin Shehu'', Muhammad Bello ya tsara birnin Sakkwato da takarda tun kafin a gina shi. Bello dan Sheikh yana cikin hakiman mahaifinsa da kwamandojin yaki. Ya yi yake-yake mafi tsanani kuma mafi tsawo kuma shi ne ya gina halifancin Sakkwato Birnin Shehu.

Birnin Sakkwato kamar yadda mai zanen Muhammad Bello ya tsara ya kunshi duk wani fasali na kowane birni na zamani da suka hada da tituna, gadoji, kasuwa, ganuwa (cibiyoyin tsaro na gari) da kuma cibiyoyin gudanarwa da kasuwanci. Daga cikin cibiyoyin gudanarwa da Muhammad Bello ya tsara akwai Kanwuri, Binanchi, Galadanci, Alkalanci, Dogarawa da dai sauransu. Sai dai, baya ga babbar kasuwar da aka fi sani da Yardole, sauran wuraren kasuwanci da Muhammad Bello ya tsara sun hada da Makera, MadUnka, Marina, Siriddawa, Takalmawa, Runji da Jirgawa, Madaka, Wangarawa. Bugu da kari, babu wani gari a kasar Hausa kafin jihadi ko karni na 19 da zai ci gaba da zama cibiyar birni ba tare da katanga mai inganci ba (ganuwa). An gina wannan ginin ne da guraren da dama kamar Kofar Aliyu Jedo, Kofar Dundaye, Kofar Marke, Kofar Rini, Kofar Kware, Kofar Taramniya, Kofar Atiku, da kuma Kofar Kade. kuma wannan gagarumin ci gaba da aka samu ya ja hankalin jama’a da dama da suka yi hijira daga unguwarsu zuwa cikin birnin Sakkwato domin tsira.

Daga abin da muka gani a sama kan yadda halifa Muhammad Bello ya kera birnin Sakkwato za mu ga cewa, Sakkwato ta samu karin bakin haure masu sha’awar sana’ar fataucin fata, tukwane da sauransu, alal misali, wasu daga cikin wadannan mutane ko dai suna yin sana’a ne ko kuma wasu sana’o’in da ke da alaka da su kamar a Makera Assada. Akwai mutanen da suka rika tafiya sassa daban-daban na Nijeriya a halin yanzu har ma da kasashen da ke makwabtaka da su don sayo kayan karafa da suka lalace kamar lalacewar motoci, motoci, manyan motoci, jiragen sama da dai sauran bututun karfe, da tankunan mai domin karya su gunduwa-gunduwa, a sayar wa duk wanda ke son ya yi amfani da su ko kuma ya canza su zuwa wani samfur.

== Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli ==

=== Canjin yanayi ===
Domin Sokoto da kewayen garin sun riga sun kasance a kusa da wani yanki mai dausayi da ke fama da kwararowar hamada, tuni birnin ya fuskanci illar sauyin yanayi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=July 2018 |title=Climate Change Manifestations and Impacts in The Sokoto Close-Settled Zone, Northwestern Nigeria |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/196236813.pdf |journal=Akademika |volume=88 |issue=2 |pages=21–34 |via=Core UK}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani bincike na 2018 game da yuwuwar tasirin birnin ya annabta raguwar kayan noma da bunƙasa shuka, da ƙara [[Rashin ruwa|ƙarancin ruwa]] a yankin da ke kewayen birni, yana tsoma baki tare da samar da abinci da samar da ƙalubalen tsaro na samun kudin shiga. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Fitattun mutane ==

* [[Attahiru Bafarawa]] (Tsohon Gwamnan Jahar Sokoto)
* Sir [[Ahmadu Bello]] (Sardaunan Sokoto)
* [[Mohammed Maigari Dingyadi]] (Tsohon Ministan 'Yan sandan Najeriya)
* [[Shehu Shagari]] (Tsohon Shugaban Tarayyar Najeriya)
* [[Aminu Waziri Tambuwal|Aminu Tambuwal]] (Tsohon Kakakin Majalisar Wakilai kuma Tsohon Gwamnan Jihar Sakkwato)
* Sanata [[Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko]] (Tsohon Gwamnan Jahar Sokoto)
* [[Alhaji Ahmad Aliyu|Ahmad Aliyu]] (Gwamnan Sokoto a shekarar 2023)
* [[Sa'adu Abubakar]] (Sultan of Sokoto)

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Daular Sokoto|Sokoto Caliphate]]
* [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodiyo]]
* Siminti a Afirka
* [[Makera Assada]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Rukuni:Biranen Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tabbatar</title>
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      <text bytes="2982" sha1="l6376u04b90d9ykpnpobj32xid1kt5c" xml:space="preserve">&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Infobox brand/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;Gilashin 237-ml (8-fl oz) na Tabbatar Original ya ƙunshi adadin kuzari 220, gram shida na kitse, gram 15 na [[sukari]], da gram tara na furotin. Abubuwan da ke saman guda shida sune ruwa, masara maltodextrin, sukari, furotin madara, man canola, da furotin soya. Tabbatar da cewa ba a kula da lactose ba ga mutanen da ke fama da rashin haƙuri.

== Tarihi ==
A cikin 1903, Harry C. Moores da Stanley M. Ross sun ƙaddamar da &quot;Moores &amp; Ross Milk Company&quot;, wanda ya ƙware a cikin kwalban madara don isar da gida a cikin 'yan shekarun farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ohio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ross Laboratories |url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Ross_Laboratories |access-date=25 October 2016 |website=Ohio History Central |archive-date=25 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025190011/http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Ross_Laboratories |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1964, duk da haka, kamfanin ya haɗu da Abbott Laboratories. Wani abin sha da ake kira Ensure an fara tallata shi ne ta hanyar Ross Laboratories a shekarar 1973. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ohio&quot; /&gt;

Ga fassarar wannan sakin layi zuwa harshen Hausa:

A cikin shekarun 1990s, Ensure da sauran nau’ikan kayan sha masu ƙunshe da sinadaran gina jiki kamar '''Sustacal''' na kamfanin ''Mead Johnson'' da kuma '''Boost''' da '''Resource''' na kamfanin ''Nestlé'' sun shiga gasa sosai wajen janyo hankalin masu lafiya su saya.

A shekarar 1996, Ensure ta samu tallace-tallace da suka kai kusan dala miliyan 300, inda ta mallaki kashi 80% na kasuwar kayan ƙarin furotin (protein supplement). A cikin watanni tara na farkon shekarar 1996, kamfanin Abbott ya kashe dala miliyan 45.4 wajen tallata Ensure — kusan kashi 70% fiye da abin da ya kashe a wannan lokacin a shekarar da ta gabata.

Lokacin da Abbott ya rabu da sashin magunguna, Abbvie, a cikin 2013, layin samfurin Ensure ya kasance tare da Abbott tare da sauran samfuran abinci mai gina jiki.

== Rashin amincewa ==
A cikin 1995, Cibiyar Kimiyya a cikin Jama'a ta ce tallace-tallace na Tabbatar sun kasance &quot;tafiyar tallace-tafiyar abinci&quot; na wannan shekarar.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT1997&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Burros |first1=Marian |date=8 January 1997 |title=Eating Well |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/08/garden/eating-well.html |access-date=9 February 2017 |work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1997, Abbott ya daidaita cajin daga Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya cewa ta yi kuskuren sayar da ita Tabbatar da samun irin wannan adadin bitamin a matsayin kariyar multivitamin, kuma kamar yadda likitoci suka ba da shawarar fiye da kowane kari na abinci mai gina jiki a matsayin hanyar da mutane za su kasance masu aiki da lafiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 30, 1997 |title=Docket No. C-3745: In the Matter of Abbot Laboratories, a corporation. |url=https://www.ftc.gov/sites/default/files/documents/cases/1997/06/c3745cmp.pdf |publisher=FTC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==</text>
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    <title>Regina Asamoah</title>
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      <text bytes="4743" sha1="4863l0s9omebhswicyu1m1hr8hl52qq" xml:space="preserve">{{databox
|first=Publishing |date=2024-08-28 |title=Teachers Trained as gender advocates to combat GBV in Schools |url=https://3news.com/news/teachers-trained-as-gender-advocates-to-combat-gbv-in-schools/ |access-date=2025-03-08 |language=en-GB}}  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mulligan |first=De-de |date=2024-08-06 |title=Gender activist Regina Asamoah wins prestigious US Department of State IVLP Impact Award grant |url=https://globaltiesakron.org/gender-activist-regina-asamoah-wins-us-department-state-grant/ |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=Global Ties Akron |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gender activist Regina Asamoah wins prestigious US Department of State IVLP impact award grant - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/gender-activist-regina-asamoah-wins-prestigious-us-department-of-state-ivlp-impact-award-grant/ |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Over 50 students and teachers in Ashaiman educated on Gender-Based Violence - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/over-50-students-and-teachers-in-ashaiman-educated-on-gender-based-violence/ |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Desk&quot; /&gt;Regina Asamoah 'yar jarida ce 'yar Ghana, mai fafutukar jinsi, kuma mai bayar da shawara. Ita ce ta kafa kuma babban darektan Missing Children Ghana, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ta mai da hankali kan ceto da kuma hada yaran da suka bace da iyalansu.[1] Har ila yau, ta kasance mai ba da shawara ga wadanda ke fama da cin zarafin mata kuma ta kaddamar da ayyuka da yawa don ilmantarwa da tallafawa wadanda abin ya shafa

== Ayyuka ==
Regina Asamoah 'yar jarida ce mai alaƙa kuma ta yi aiki tare da gidan talabijin na Ghana Atinka TV, tana rufe batutuwan da suka shafi al'amuran zamantakewa da suka shafi yara da mata. Ayyukanta na 'yan jarida sun haifar da wayar da kan jama'a game da batutuwan da suka shafi [[Cinikin yara|fataucin yara]], da kuma halin da yara suka ɓace a Ghana ke ciki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oforiwaa |first=Porcia |date=2020-10-25 |title=Atinka TV's Regina Asamoah adjudged Female Journalist of the Year |url=https://atinkaonline.com/atinka-tvs-regina-asamoah-adjudged-female-journalist-of-the-year/ |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=Atinka Online |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251121163901/https://atinkaonline.com/atinka-tvs-regina-asamoah-adjudged-female-journalist-of-the-year/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Crabbe |first=Nathaniel |date=2022-08-07 |title=Regina Asamoah: Ghanaian Journalist to Premiere Her Delayed Justice Documentary August 6 - YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/212957-regina-asamoah-ghanaian-journalist-premiere-delayed-justice-documentary-august-6/ |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba ta lambar yabo ta Ghana Journalist Association mafi kyawun mace mai jarida na shekara a shekarar 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Missing Children Ghana |url=https://missingchildrenghana.com/meet-our-founder.php#:~:text=Regina%20Asamoah%20is%20the%202019,for%20Atinka%20TV%20and%20FM. |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=missingchildrenghana.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirin Yara da suka Ragu ==
Shirin da ta yi na yara da suka ɓace wanda aka kafa a cikin 2019 an tsara shi ne don ganowa da sake haɗuwa da yara da suka bace tare da iyalansu. Ta hanyar wannan shirin, fiye da yara 300 da suka ɓace a Ghana sun sake haɗuwa da iyalansu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=GNA |date=2025-02-06 |title=Missing Children Ghana seeks help to reunite lost children with families |url=https://gna.org.gh/2025/02/missing-children-ghana-seeks-help-to-reunite-lost-children-with-families/#:~:text=Since%20May%202021,%20Missing%20Children,been%20reunited%20with%20their%20families. |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=Ghana News Agency |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shirin kuma yana ba da shawara don ingantaccen tsari don kare yara a Ghana es.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=GNA |date=2025-02-06 |title=Missing Children Ghana seeks help to reunite lost children with families |url=https://gna.org.gh/2025/02/missing-children-ghana-seeks-help-to-reunite-lost-children-with-families/#:~:text=Since%20May%202021,%20Missing%20Children,been%20reunited%20with%20their%20families. |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=Ghana News Agency |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Missing Children Ghana appoints 2 officials to support operations - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/missing-children-ghana-appoints-2-officials-to-support-operations/ |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
==Manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sara Murray (mai jarida)</title>
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'''Sara Murray''' (an haife ta a ranar 31 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1985) ita ce mai ba da shawara kan tsaro ta yanar gizo ta Amurka kuma tsohuwar '[[ɗan jarida]] wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin wakilin siyasa ga [[CNN]] .

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
Murray was born and raised in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, and graduated in 2007 from the Philip Merrill College of Journalism[1] of the University of [[Maryland]].[2] After school, she moved to [[New York (jiha)|New York]] City and worked for the Wall Street Journal, where she covered the 2008 financial crisis, and then covered Mitt Romney's 2012 presidential campaign, and later served as the anchor for the WSJ digital network.[2] In 2015, she accepted a position with CNN as a political correspondent where she covered Republican candidates in the 2016 and 2020 presidential campaigns.[2] President Donald Trump, complaining to CNN anchor Chris Cuomo that she never reported on his crowd sizes, called her &quot;unemotional&quot;, &quot;low-key&quot; and &quot;terrible&quot;. Cuomo defended her reporting and posted later on Twitter that Sara Murray is a &quot;pro/ needs no consolation or defense.&quot;[3] Murray left CNN in January 2025 to become FTI Consulting's cybersecurity managing co-director.[4]

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2017, ta auri wakilin MSNBC Garrett Haake a [[Austin|Austin, Texas]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Moody |first=Erica |date=September 22, 2017 |title=Nuptials of Note: Sara Murray &amp; Garrett Haake |url=http://washingtonlife.com/2017/09/10/nuptials-of-note-sara-murray-garrett-haake/ |access-date=November 6, 2025 |archive-date=September 9, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250909011332/https://washingtonlife.com/2017/09/10/nuptials-of-note-sara-murray-garrett-haake/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga lokacin sun sake aure. Murray yana zaune a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CNNSarMur&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sara Murray - Political Correspondent |url=https://www.cnn.com/profiles/sara-murray#about |publisher=[[CNN]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://encryptmessenger.com Batchat]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gurbatan Ruwan Kogin Pasig</title>
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[[Fayil:Manila_Bay_Pasig_and_Pampanga_River_Basins_pollution_2008.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Rashin gurɓata a Manila Bay a cikin 2008. Manila Bay shine yankin da ke tattare da kogin Pasig da Pampanga.]]
Kogin Pasig a cikin [[Filipin|Philippines]] yana fama da babban matakin gurɓataccen ruwa kuma ana yin ƙoƙari don gyara shi.

Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]], yawan karuwar jama'a, gine-ginen ababen more rayuwa, da tarwatsa ayyukan tattalin arziki zuwa yankunan [[Manila]] sun sa kogin ya yi watsi da su. Bankunan kogin sun jawo mazaunan da ba na yau da kullun ba kuma sauran masana'antun suna zubar da shararsu a cikin kogin, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama babban tsarin magudanar ruwa. Masana'antu sun riga sun gurbata kogin.

A cikin 1930s, masu lura da al'amuran sun lura da karuwar gurɓatar kogin, yayin da ƙaurawar kifi daga Laguna de Bay ya ragu. Mutane sun daina amfani da ruwan kogin don wanke-wanke a shekarun 1960, kuma jigilar jirgin ruwa ta ki. A cikin 1970s, kogin ya fara haifar da wari mai ban sha'awa sakamakon sharar gida daga wuraren kiwon alade da wuraren kiwon kaji a yankin da magudanar ruwa na Marikina ke da kariya (Pinugay, Baras, Rizal) kuma a cikin 1980s, an hana kamun kifi a cikin kogin. A shekara ta 1990, ana ɗaukar kogin Pasig a matsayin mutuƙar halitta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Baclig |first=Cristina Eloisa |date=2021-06-15 |title=Pasig River makes international waves despite being dead |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1446482/pasig-river-makes-international-waves-despite-being-dead |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=Philippine Daily Inquirer |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 2017, wani bincike kan hayakin robobin kogi a cikin tekunan duniya, ya bayyana kogin Pasig a matsayin kogin na takwas mafi gurbata muhalli a duniya dangane da karancin da ba a so da kuma saman dattin robobi da ke shiga muhallin ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lebreton |first=Laurent |date=7 June 2017 |title=River plastic emissions to the world's oceans |journal=Nature |volume=8 |doi=10.1038/ncomms15611 |pmc=5467230 |pmid=28589961}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2021, wani bincike da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Amirka ta yi a kan kogunan duniya sun sanya kogin Pasig a matsayin mafi girma da ke ba da gudummawar dattin filastik ga tekun duniya, yana mai da'awar cewa kashi 28% na kogunan da ke haifar da gurɓataccen filastik a duniya suna cikin Philippines.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Enano |first=Jhesset O. |date=2021-06-15 |title=Pasig River world's top dumper of plastics in the ocean, says study |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1446186/pasig-river-worlds-top-dumper-of-plastics-in-the-ocean-says-study |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=Philippine Daily Inquirer |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yang |first=A.Y. |date=2021-06-09 |title=Pasig is world's most polluting river — study |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/top-stories/2021/06/10/374603/pasig-is-worlds-most-polluting-river-study/ |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=Business World |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kokarin farfadowa ==
[[Fayil:Volunteers_cleans_up_Freedom_Island_coast.jpg|thumb|Mazaunan Freedom Island suna taimakawa Greenpeace da sauran kungiyoyin ba da agaji a tsaftace bakin teku a cikin 2017.]]
Kokarin farfado da kogin ya fara ne a watan Disambar 1989 tare da taimakon hukumomin kasar [[Denmark]]. An kafa Shirin Gyara kogin Pasig (PRRP), tare da Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Albarkatun Kasa a matsayin babbar hukumar tare da haɗin gwiwar Taimakon Ci gaban Ƙasashen Duniya na Danish. 

Gina Lopez ta ƙaddamar a cikin 2009 aikin Kapit-Bisig para sa Ilog Pasig . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-02-20 |title=Gains of Pasig River rehab project cited in 6th year |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/674107/gains-of-pasig-river-rehab-project-cited-in-6th-year |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Philippine Daily Inquirer |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 1999, Shugaba Joseph Estrada ya sanya hannu kan Dokar Zartarwa No. 54 ta samar da Hukumar Kula da Gyaran Kogin Pasig (PRRC) don maye gurbin tsohuwar PRRP tare da ƙarin iko mai faɗaɗa kamar sarrafa sharar gida da sake tsugunar da masu zaman kansu. Gwamnatin Shugaba Noynoy Aquino ta ware PHP biliyan 10 don tsaftace kogin Pasig.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-02-20 |title=Gains of Pasig River rehab project cited in 6th year |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/674107/gains-of-pasig-river-rehab-project-cited-in-6th-year |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Philippine Daily Inquirer |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/674107/gains-of-pasig-river-rehab-project-cited-in-6th-year &quot;Gains of Pasig River rehab project cited in 6th year&quot;]. ''Philippine Daily Inquirer''. 2015-02-20&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2024-03-22&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2019, Shugaba Rodrigo Duterte ya soke PRRC, yana tura ayyukanta, gami da &quot;dukkan abubuwan da suka dace da ikon da suka dace,&quot; zuwa Ma'aikatar Manila Bay Task Force, Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Albarkatun Kasa, Ma'aikatar Matsugunan Bil Adama da Ci gaban Birane, Babban Ma'aikatar Ci gaban Manila, da Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a da Manyan Hanyoyi, watanni biyu bayan korar daraktan zartarwa na PRment na Jose Antonio.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines
* [[Gurɓatar muhalli da filaye a Philippines|Environmental issues in the Philippines]]

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Sabrina (mawakiyar Kamaru)</title>
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      <text bytes="4750" sha1="9spb26nv7j6i969gi821ntbkc53g8d0" xml:space="preserve">Wamba Kuegou Sabrina Ruth (an haife ta a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 2001), mawaƙiya ce kuma mawaƙiya 'yar asalin ƙasar Kamaru ta Afropop Afrobeats. Ita mawakiya ce da aka sanya wa suna Afrobit Productions tun daga shekarar 2019. A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 2021, ta fitar da kundin waƙoƙinta na farko mai suna Love Agenda. [ana buƙatar hujja][&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Wannan ikirarin yana buƙatar nassoshi daga majiyoyi masu inganci. (Mayu 2024)&quot;&gt;an buƙaci ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Waƙarta mai suna Abele ta samo asali ne daga haɗin gwiwarta da Koffi Olomide wanda zai ba wa matashiyar mawaƙi damar isa ga masu sauraro da yawa. Wannan waƙar yanzu tana cikin manyan haɗin gwiwa goma na mawaƙin Kongo.[

&quot;Five Star&quot; ya zama babbar waƙar kuma ya fara lamba 3 a kan jadawali Spotify Top 50 a Luxembourg.[2] Waƙar ta kai lamba goma sha ɗaya a kan sigogi a kan Boomplay a Najeriya, Gambiya, 

An haifi Wamba Kuegou Sabrina Ruth a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2001 a Yaounde. Asalinta 'yar yankin Yamma ce (Cameroon) inda ta yi wani ɓangare na yarintarta tare da kakanninta. Bayan ta sami takardar shaidar kammala karatunta ta farko (FLSC), ta haɗu da mahaifiyarta a Yaounde kuma a cikin manhajar Turanci ta makarantar sakandare mai harsuna biyu ta Yaounde ce ta ci gaba da karatunta na sakandare.{{Databox}}
''a''.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2024}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;span''&lt;/sup&gt;  artist.&lt;ref name=&quot;Opinion Actu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2023 |title=Showbiz : Sabrina Love s’impose graduellement dans l’univers musical |url=http://www.opinion-actu.com/showbiz-sabrina-love-simpose-graduellement-dans-lunivers-musical/ |access-date=March 28, 2023 |website=Opinion Actu |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328093407/http://www.opinion-actu.com/showbiz-sabrina-love-simpose-graduellement-dans-lunivers-musical/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wamba {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2024}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;p''&lt;/sup&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Ta nuna sha'awarta ga duniyar kiɗa tun tana ƙarama.&lt;ref name=&quot;camer.be&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 18, 2023 |title=Sabrina ou la passion de la musique au berceau |url=https://www.camer.be/94462/16:6/cameroun-arts-et-culture-sabrina-ou-la-passion-de-la-musique-au-berceau-cameroon.html/ |access-date=March 28, 2023 |website=camer.be }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin da take da shekaru takwas, ta fara koyon waka a cikin mawaƙa na cocin Bafoussam . Daga nan, ta koma [[Yaounde]] kuma a makarantar sakandare ta harsuna biyu ne ta haɓaka ƙwarewarta ta waka tare da wasu abokan aji.&lt;ref name=&quot;Inclusion Actu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 23, 2023 |title=Sabrina Love : De la chorale à une carrière musicale prometteuse |url=https://inclusionactu.com/2023/03/22/sabrina-love-de-la-chorale-a-une-carriere-musicale-prometteuse/ |access-date=March 28, 2023 |website=Inclusion Actu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Da yake rarrabe kanta ta hanyar baiwarta,  mai hankali da sauƙi,  ta fara shafa kafadu tare da ƙananan ɗakunan karatu na babban birnin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Marhaba Cameroun Info&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 20, 2023 |title=Sabrina Love une artiste à la voix d’or |url=https://marhaba-cameroun.info/sabrina-love-une-artiste-a-la-voix-dor/ |access-date=March 28, 2023 |website=Marhaba Cameroun Info |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328124049/https://marhaba-cameroun.info/sabrina-love-une-artiste-a-la-voix-dor/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba da daɗewa ba, lakabin Afrobit Productions ya hango ta  a lokacin jefawa inda aka yarda da ita gaba ɗaya. 

.&lt;ref name=&quot;237 Lions&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 15, 2021 |title=Sabrina Love : quand sport et musique vont de pair |url=https://www.237lions.com/sabrina-love-quand-sport-et-musique-vont-de-pair/ |access-date=March 29, 2023 |website=237 Lions |archive-date=March 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329120700/https://www.237lions.com/sabrina-love-quand-sport-et-musique-vont-de-pair/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yayinda take tafiya, Za ta ba da mamaki ga masu son kiɗa yayin haɗin gwiwa a 2021 tare da Koffi Olomide a kan ''Abele'', taken da ya sa ta zama sananne ga jama'a a [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]] da [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Mbote Congolese News website&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2021 |title=Découvrez le clip &quot; Abele &quot; de Sabrina et Koffi Olomide |url=https://mbote.cd/musiques/decouvrez-le-clip-abele-de-sabrina-et-koffi-olomide/ |access-date=March 28, 2023 |website=Mbote Congolese News website}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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    <title>Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Laos</title>
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      <text bytes="14594" sha1="hae1mcu45gd2aeunlufe4xgg9d42v4p" xml:space="preserve">[[Laos]] al'umma ce mai cike da ruwa da koguna masu faɗi, amma a waje da birane, tsabtace ruwa da kayan aikin samun dama ba su da yawa. An sami ci gaba kaɗan tun bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin basasar Laotian a 1975, musamman idan aka kwatanta da ƙasashe masu zaman kansu kamar [[Tailan|Thailand]]. A shekara ta 2015, an kiyasta kashi 76% na mutanen Laos a duk faɗin ƙasar suna da damar samun ruwa &quot;mai kyau&quot; (ruwa da ba a ɗauka kai tsaye daga kwararar halitta ba), yayin da aka kiyasta kashi 71% suna da damar &quot; ingantaccen&quot; tsabta (samun damar samun tsarin datti fiye da latrines masu sauƙi). 
[[Fayil:Mekong_river_basin.png|thumb|Taswirar Kogin Mekong - yana rufe yanki mai faɗi na Laos da yankin da ke kusa]]
[[Fayil:Uul-Rice-Fields-in-Central-Laos.jpg|thumb|Kogin Mekong yana samar da muhimmiyar tushen ruwa don samar da shinkafa a Laos]]
[[Fayil:Theun_Hinboun_Dam_Wall,_Central_Southern_Laos.jpg|thumb|Ginin madatsar ruwa na Theun Hinboun. Dams kamar waɗannan suna samar da tushen makamashi mai sabuntawa ga Laos, amma suna iya yin mummunar tasiri ga yanayin halittu na Kogin Mekong]]
Matsakaicin lambobi na ƙasa don tsaftar muhalli suna ɓoye wasu mahimman bambance-bambancen ciki tsakanin saitunan birane da ƙauyuka. Yawancin 'yan kasar Laoti suna samun ruwansu daga magudanar ruwa kusa da gidajensu, don haka ababen more rayuwa kadan ne. A wajen birane, mata da yara kanana galibi ana ba su aikin daukar ruwan sha da hannu daga wuraren da ake tarawa a kauyuka, wanda ke yin tasiri ga samun ilimi, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da rayuwar karkara.

A babban birnin kasar, Vientiane, tsofaffin najasa najasa suna aiki mara kyau kuma sun makara don inganta ababen more rayuwa. Haka kuma, ana ci gaba da samun tazara tsakanin mazauna karkara da mazauna gari, inda kashi 60% na mutanen karkara ke samun tsaftar muhalli, sannan kashi 38% na samun ruwan sha. Kimanin kashi 23% na ƴan ƙasar Laoti a duk faɗin ƙasar har yanzu suna yin bayan gida a buɗaɗɗiyar ƙasa, [1] suna barin shararsu ta wanke cikin koguna da magudanan ruwa. Wannan gaskiyar ta ci gaba da shafar aikin noma da yanayin muhalli, da kuma lafiyar ɗan adam

== Samun ruwa ==
Dangane da bayanai daga bankin duniya da aka tattara a shekarar 2014, Laos ta cimma burin ci gaban karni (MDG) kan ruwa da tsaftar muhalli dangane da shirin sa ido na hadin gwiwa na UNICEF/WHO. Ko da yake, ya zuwa yau, kimanin mutane miliyan 1.9 na al'ummar Lao ba za su iya samun ingantacciyar hanyar samar da ruwan sha ba, kuma mutane miliyan 2.4 sun tafi ba tare da samun ingantacciyar tsafta ba saboda rashin daidaito tsakanin yankunan da ke da ko kuma ba tare da isassun kayayyakin sufuri ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Supply and Sanitation in Lao PDR |url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/295731467999376153/pdf/100892-WSP-P131116-AUTHOR-Susanna-Smets-Box393244B-PUBLIC-WSP-SERIES-WSP-LaoPDR-WSS-Turning-Finance-into-Service-for-the-Future.pdf |access-date=10 December 2018 |website=www.worldbank.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rashin tsabtace muhalli yana shafar lafiyar mutane da ci gaban tattalin arzikin kasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Van Minh |first=Hoang |last2=Nguyen-Viet |first2=Hung |date=18 October 2011 |title=Economic Aspects of Sanitation in Developing Countries |journal=Environmental Health Insights |volume=5 |pages=63–70 |doi=10.4137/EHI.S8199 |issn=1178-6302 |pmc=3212862 |pmid=22084575}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kowace shekara, matsalolin tsabtace muhalli da tsabtace mujallu suna haifar da cututtukan cututtuka miliyan uku a Laos, gami da mutuwar da ba ta dace ba 6,000. Kashi 49 cikin 100 na yara a yankunan karkara suna fama da rashin tsabtace muhalli tun daga shekara ta 2011. Tare, samun ruwa da matsalolin tsaftacewa suna da alhakin dala miliyan 193 na asarar tattalin arzikin ƙasa a kowace shekara, daidai da 5.6% na GDP.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; A Laos, cututtukan hanji da zawo sun zama ruwan dare, wanda ya haifar da wani bangare ta hanyar rashin tsabtace muhalli, samar da ruwa mara kyau, da kuma rashin isasshen wuraren kula da ruwa mai guba sakamakon saurin karuwar yawan jama'ar birane.&lt;ref&gt;Ensure access to water and sanitation for all http://www.la.one.un.org/sdgs/sdg-6-water-and-sanitation {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mutanen Laos waɗanda za su iya samun damar samun tsabta a yankunan karkara suna da kashi 36 cikin 100 kawai a shekara ta 2004. Gwamnati a Laos ta karɓi Ci gaban Millennium kamar yadda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Bankin Duniya da Asusun Mutual na Duniya suka shirya don inganta samar da ruwa da tsabta ga mutanenta don samun damar samun damar shan ruwa mai aminci da tsabta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lao PDR Environment Monitor |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/NEWS/Resources/report-en.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215112211/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/NEWS/Resources/report-en.pdf |archive-date=15 December 2017 |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=World Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==

=== Kogin Mekong ===
Kogin Mekong yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a tattalin arzikin Laos. Kogin Mekong ya rufe kusan kashi 90 cikin dari na ƙasar Laos kuma yana gudana zuwa Vietnam.&lt;ref&gt;Ensure access to water and sanitation for all http://www.la.one.un.org/sdgs/sdg-6-water-and-sanitation {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikon kogin Mekong don ci gaba da tsaro na abinci da wadatar ruwa a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jama'ar Lao (PDR) ya fi hanawa ta hanyar gasa ta tattalin arziki, muhalli, da siyasa.&lt;ref&gt;Ensure access to water and sanitation for all http://www.la.one.un.org/sdgs/sdg-6-water-and-sanitation {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt; A Laos, gwamnati tana ƙarfafa saka hannun jari na hydro-power, wanda ke kara matsin lamba a kan barazanar ruwa da dabbobi na teku. Ci gaban wutar lantarki a Laos da fitarwa zuwa ƙasashe makwabta suna da mahimmanci ga kudaden shiga na gwamnati don rage talauci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; Kodayake wutar lantarki ba ta gurɓata ruwa ko iska kai tsaye, tafkunan wutar lantarki da madatsun ruwa na iya shafar yanayin Laos, amfani da ƙasa, da wuraren zama na halitta.&lt;ref&gt;Ensure access to water and sanitation for all http://www.la.one.un.org/sdgs/sdg-6-water-and-sanitation {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai yiwuwar sakamakon muhalli na damming koguna, ciki har da samar da tafkuna, ambaliyar ruwa, toshe hanyar halitta ta kogin, da kuma tasiri ga gina layin wutar lantarki. Misali, tsarin madatsar ruwa da tafkin suna tsoma baki tare da ƙaurawar ruwa kuma suna canza zafin ruwa da kwararar kogin: a sakamakon haka, yana iya cutar da rayuwar ƙasa da da dabbobi da dabbobi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
[[Fayil:Don_Puay_river_bank_landscape_at_sunset.jpg|thumb|Kogin Mekong da rayuwar mutane]]
Mutane suna amfani da Kogin Mekong kai tsaye don sha, dafa abinci, wanka da wanka. Koyaya, yayin da yawan jama'a ke ƙaruwa, hanyoyin ruwa da ake amfani da su a lokaci guda don zubar da ruwa da samar da ruwa suna haifar da matsalolin kiwon lafiya kamar zawo da typhoid.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mekong River – Water Quality Woes – Scientists for the Mekong |url=https://www.scientists4mekong.com/mekong-river-water-quality-woes/ |access-date=30 November 2018 |website=www.scientists4mekong.com |archive-date=30 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130071551/https://www.scientists4mekong.com/mekong-river-water-quality-woes/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A halin yanzu, mazauna yankin sun bayyana cewa kafin a gina madatsar ruwa, za su iya sha ruwan Kogin Mekong lafiya. Koyaya, bayan an gina madatsar ruwan Xayaburi a Laos, ingancin ruwa ya gurɓata. Ingancin ruwa a Laos ya zama mafi muni lokacin da aka gina sabon madatsar ruwa a Don Sahong, kasa da kilomita 2 daga garin, wanda ke haifar da yawan jama'a da zawo da numfashi tare da mummunan iska.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Bugu da ƙari, kamun kifi yana ba da gudummawa kusan kashi 13 cikin 100 na GDP na ƙasar Laos a kowace shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; Yawancin jama'a suna zaune kusa da kogin Mekong sun sami kifi da ya mutu yana iyo a cikin ruwa mai gurɓata a yankin tsakanin madatsar ruwan Don Sahong da Preah Rumkel (Cambodia) wanda ya sanya tushen ruwa kawai don sha, dafa abinci, kamun kifi da ayyukan yau da kullun a matsayin bala'i.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

== Ingancin ruwa ==
Akwai babban damar samun [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon]] [[sauro]] ga waɗanda ke zaune a kusa da ruwa wanda sauro ke kewaye da shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; Ta hanyar shirin Millennium Development, an sami wasu ci gaba a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata wajen inganta tsarin lafiya a Laos. Adadin wuraren kiwon lafiya ya karu da kashi 75, mace-mace daga zazzabin cizon sauro ya ragu da kashi 60 cikin 100 a yankunan karkara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Koyaya, yawan mutanen Lao sun haɗu da yanayin rayuwa mai kyau.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2001–2010 |title=LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC |url=http://www.un.org/en/conf/ldc/pdf/laos%20pdr.pdf |access-date=29 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu yankunan karkara, mutane ba su da ruwan sha mai kyau, sinadarai, datti da kuma iyakance damar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Misali, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, salon rayuwa mara tsabta, talauci ya haifar da rashin isasshen sabis na kiwon lafiya na jama'a.&lt;ref&gt;Ensure access to water and sanitation for all http://www.la.one.un.org/sdgs/sdg-6-water-and-sanitation {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kodayake Lao tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa a Asiya, kashi 25 cikin 100 na mazaunan birane da kashi 40 cikin 100 na mutanen karkara na Lao ba su da damar samun ruwan sha mai kyau. A wasu wurare, mazauna ƙauyen dole ne su yi tafiya har zuwa kilomita 2 don samun damar samun ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Ingancin muhalli na iya shafar jin daɗi da ingancin rayuwa. Rashin ingancin iska yana da alaƙa da mutuwar da ba ta dace ba, ciwon daji, da lahani na dogon lokaci ga tsarin numfashi da na zuciya.&lt;ref&gt;Ensure access to water and sanitation for all http://www.la.one.un.org/sdgs/sdg-6-water-and-sanitation {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, gamuwa da lafiyar muhalli daga gurɓataccen iska na gida sun bayyana sun kasance masu yawa waɗanda ke shafar talakawa a Lao PDR.&lt;ref&gt;Ensure access to water and sanitation for all http://www.la.one.un.org/sdgs/sdg-6-water-and-sanitation {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin kashi 95 cikin dari na yawan mutanen Lao suna amfani da kwal da itace don dafa abinci na yau da kullun wanda zai iya haifar da gurɓataccen iska na cikin gida da matsalolin kiwon lafiya tare da tsammanin rayuwa na shekaru 56 a cikin 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; Da yake fahimtar wannan yiwuwar batun kiwon lafiyar muhalli, gwamnati ta fara mai da hankali sosai ga talauci ya rungumi muhimman sabis na muhalli kamar samun damar samun ruwa mai aminci da tsabta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da aka gurɓata da sunadarai masu cutarwa da sharar mutum na iya haifar da cututtuka a cikin yara kamar cututtukan gastrointestinal, da kuma tasirin ci gaba kamar cututattun ilmantarwa da ciwon daji.&lt;ref&gt;Ensure access to water and sanitation for all http://www.la.one.un.org/sdgs/sdg-6-water-and-sanitation {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt; UNICEF tana aiki a Lao PDR don taimakawa tabbatar da cewa yara da iyalai a gidaje da makarantu suna da damar samun ruwa mai tsabta da wuraren tsabtace muhalli.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lao PDR Environment Monitor |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/NEWS/Resources/report-en.pdf |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=World Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin al'ummomin karkara ba su san yadda ya kamata na tsabtace muhalli da tsabtace mujallu ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt; Kimanin kashi 24% na yawan jama'a suna yin fitsari a buɗe, kuma kashi 28% ne kawai na turaren yara ake zubar da su lafiya.&lt;ref&gt;Ensure access to water and sanitation for all http://www.la.one.un.org/sdgs/sdg-6-water-and-sanitation {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An haramta sunadarai masu haɗari waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙarfe masu nauyi kamar su chromium, jan ƙarfe, zinc da masu gurɓataccen kwayoyin kamar su furans, dioxins da poly-chlorinated phenytoin a ko'ina yayin da yawan mutanen Lao ba su da cikakken sanin tasirin bala'i.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;/&gt; Yayin da yawan jama'a a Lao ke ci gaba da girma, gurɓataccen ƙwaƙwalwa daga ayyukan masana'antu yana ƙaruwa wanda ke haifar da damuwa game da wuraren narkewar ƙarfe a cikin ƙasar da ayyukan hakar ma'adinai. Sabili da haka, ingancin ruwa a cikin ruwa na hakar ma'adinai da ayyukan masana'antu sun zama matsala mai yuwuwa ga Laos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;

Ana iya kimanta ingancin Kogin Mekong ta hanyar sigogi daban-daban na sunadarai da na jiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Keenan |first=Helen E. |last2=Bangkedphol |first2=Sornnarin |last3=Sakultantimetha |first3=Arthit |last4=Songsasen |first4=Apisit |date=November 2010 |title=The ecological complexity of the Thai-Laos Mekong River: II. Metals and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) monitoring, modelling and environmental fate |journal=Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A |volume=45 |issue=13 |pages=1674–1680 |doi=10.1080/10934529.2010.513208 |issn=1532-4117 |pmid=20853200 |s2cid=37209481}}&lt;/ref&gt; Misali, poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) suna daya daga cikin mahimman nau'ikan gurɓataccen guba daga albarkatun ruwa da laka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt; Dangane da Ka'idodin Ingancin Muhalli, rarraba muhalli na PAHs a cikin wurare masu zafi na Asiya ya zama damuwa ga wannan yankin yayin da ci gaban masana'antu da birni ke haifar da ruwan sama mai yawa wanda ke haifar da Asiya mai zafi wanda ke sauƙaƙa canja wurin man fetur da ya ɓace daga ƙasa zuwa koguna da ruwan bakin teku.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;

A mafi yawan yankunan birane a Lao PDR, gurɓataccen abu daga kadarori masu zaman kansu suna wankewa zuwa magudanar ruwa. Kadan, datti da mahaɗan roba daga ƙarfe, gilashi da filastik daga kaddarorin suna ba da gudummawa ga sediments da abubuwan gina jiki.&lt;ref&gt;Ensure access to water and sanitation for all http://www.la.one.un.org/sdgs/sdg-6-water-and-sanitation {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Manyan matsalolin da ke da alaƙa da manufar ƙasa a cikin ruwa da tsaftar Lao sun haɗa da rashin shirye-shiryen ƙasa don haɓaka ilimin tsaftar ƙauye, rashin ingantaccen kasafin kuɗin shekara a yankunan karkara, da raunin sa ido kan samar da ruwan sha a yankunan karkara da kuma tsaftar muhalli. Don haka, domin inganta ruwa da tsaftar mahalli a shekarar 2020, aiwatar da shirin zuba jari a bangaren samar da ruwan sha da shirin kasa na ayyukan samar da ruwan sha na karkara, tsaftar muhalli da tsaftar muhalli; Ana buƙatar saka hannun jari musamman don samar da ayyukan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;/&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Dams da tafkuna a Laos
* Mekong
* Lafiya a Laos

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
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An gudanar da Zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na shekarar 2023, a ranar 18 ga watan Maris 2023, don zabar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers, tare da Zaben Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers da sauran zabukan gwamna ashirin da bakwai da zaɓen duk sauran gidajen majalisa na jihar.[1][2] Za a gudanar da zaben - wanda aka jinkirta daga ranar 11 ga watan Maris - makonni uku bayan Zaben shugaban kasa da zaben Majalisar Dokoki.[3] Gwamnan PDP mai ci Ezenwo Nyesom Wike yana da iyakacin wa'adi, kuma ba zai iya neman sake zaben zuwa wa'adi na uku ba.

An shirya zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyya tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 9 ga Yuni 2022 tare da Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party da ta zabi tsohon mai ba da lissafi na jihar [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a ranar 25 ga Mayu yayin da All Progressives Congress ta zabi dan kasuwa Tonye Cole a ranar 26 ga Mayu.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ibunge |first=Blessing |title=Rivers Accountant General, Fubara, Wins PDP Governorship Primary |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/05/26/rivers-accountant-general-fubara-wins-pdp-governorship-primary/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[ThisDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 May 2022 |title=Tonye Cole wins Rivers APC governorship ticket |url=https://gazettengr.com/tonye-cole-wins-rivers-apc-governorship-ticket/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]] |publisher=[[News Agency of Nigeria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, hukuncin Babban Kotun Tarayya ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC amma Kotun daukaka kara ta soke hukuncin a watan Janairun 2023 .&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sanusi |first=Abiodun |last2=Naku |first2=Dennis |date=25 October 2022 |title=JUST IN: Court nullifies APC primaries in Rivers |url=https://punchng.com/just-in-court-nullifies-apc-primaries-in-rivers/ |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=20 January 2023 |title=Court nullifies suit against Rivers APC gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/court-nullifies-suit-against-rivers-apc-gov-candidate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan an kammala tattarawa a ranar da ta biyo bayan zaben, INEC ta ayyana Fubara a matsayin mai nasara. A cikin sakamakon hukuma, Fubara ya lashe kusan kuri'u 303,000 (~ 63% na kuri'un) don kayar da Cole da kusan kuri'un 95,000 (20% na kuri'u), Abe da kusan kuriʼu 47,000 (~ 10% na kuri'a), da Itubo da kusan kuri&quot; 22,000 (5% na kuri'an). Sakamakon nan da nan ne 'yan wasan da suka zo na biyu suka ki amincewa da shi saboda rahotanni da yawa game da rashin daidaito da tashin hankali.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cole rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okwa |first=Reuben |date=21 March 2023 |title=Tonye Cole, Others Reject Rivers Gov Election Result, Demand Cancellation |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/03/21/tonye-cole-others-reject-rivers-governorship-election-result-demand-cancellation/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Channels TV]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Abe rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=8 April 2023 |title=Rivers guber: We'll challenge election results, SDP's Abe insists |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/rivers-guber-well-challenge-election-results-sdps-abe-insists/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Itubo rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chukwu |first=Ignatius |date=19 March 2023 |title=Labour Party rejects outcome of Saturday elections in Rivers |url=https://businessday.ng/nigeriadecidesliveupdates/article/labour-party-rejects-outcome-of-saturday-elections-in-rivers/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shari'ar kalubalen shari'a da ta biyo baya ta kai [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]], wacce ta tabbatar da zaben Fubara a cikin hukunce-hukuncen da aka yanke a watan Janairun 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;Supreme Court upholds Fubara victory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=UPDATED: Supreme Court affirms Rivers governor, Fubara's election |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/661993-updated-supreme-court-affirms-rivers-governor-fubaras-election.html |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zabe ==
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zabe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu, tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u, da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

== Tarihi ==
Jihar Rivers jihar ce mai yawan jama'a, jiha daban-daban a Kudu tare da manyan man fetur da gas na halitta tare da cibiyoyin masana'antu. Duk da yawan kudaden shigar da man fetur, jihar tana da manyan batutuwa da yawa tare da 'yan fashi da' yan bindigar man fetur ba bisa ka'ida ba a yankunan kogi yayin da yankunan birane ke da yawan jama'a da gurɓataccen muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A siyasance, zaben 2019 ya kasance ci gaba da ikon PDP na jihar yayin da rashin iyawar APC na jihar don gudanar da zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da rashin cancanta ta kotun. Dan takarar shugaban kasa na PDP [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya lashe jihar da kashi 50% kuma jam'iyyar [[Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|ya sami dukkan kujerun majalisar dattijai guda uku]] yayin da ta mamaye [[Zaben Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|Zaben Majalisar Wakilai]]. A matakin jiha, PDP ta kuma [[2019 Rivers State House of Assembly election|riƙewa]] mafi rinjaye a Majalisar Dokoki kuma Wike ta lashe [[Zaben gwamna na Jihar Legas na 2019|Zaben gwamna]] da yawa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin wa'adin Wike, manufofin wa'adinsa na biyu sune ababen more rayuwa, horo na kasafin kudi, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da hadin kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dangane da aikinsa, an yaba wa Wike don ci gaban ababen more rayuwa, inganta kiwon lafiya, saka hannun jari a wasanni, da turawa kan bunker mai ba bisa ka'ida ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, an soki gwamnatinsa saboda jinkirin watanni na kafa majalisa, sanarwar da ya yi na Rivers a matsayin &quot;jiha ta Kirista&quot; da kuma mummunar martani ga rushewar masallaci, kashe biliyoyin naira don siyan motocin alatu ga 'yan majalisa da alƙalai, ƙoƙarin hana zanga-zangar ba bisa ka'ida ba a lokacin tsawo na zanga-zambe na SARS na 2020, da ya ga damuwa da fara rikice-rikice-rikici na jama'a tare da wasu jami'an da aka zaba, biyan albashi da fansho ba bisa ka-zangar gwamnati ba, da rashin girmamawa    masu mulki na gargajiya   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kevin-Alerechi |first=Elfredah |date=14 October 2020 |title=Rivers residents groan as Wike spends N3.4 billion on luxury cars for judges, politicians |url=https://gazettengr.com/rivers-residents-groan-as-wike-spends-n3-4-billion-on-luxury-cars-for-judges-politicians/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 October 2020 |title=Nigerians React As Gov Wike Bans #EndSARS Protest In Rivers |url=https://www.theheritagetimes.com/nigerians-react-as-gov-wike-bans-endsars-protest-in-rivers/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=The Heritage Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 March 2022 |title=Ranking Nigerian Governors Feb/March 2022: APC Govs' dirty fight, Sanwo-Olu's BRT snag, Wike's uncouthness, Umahi's meltdown |url=https://www.ripplesnigeria.com/ranking-nigerian-governors-feb-march-2022-apc-govs-dirty-fight-sanwo-olus-brt-snag-wikes-uncouthness-umahis-meltdown/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Ripples Nigeria]] |quote=Though we acknowledge Wike's reported passion for his party and other issues, we, however, frown at his constant ranting and hurling of insults, and issuing of threats against his opponents— in their ever-increasing number and classification. We believe Governor Wike will do well for himself in taking one or two lessons in diplomacy, civility in public communication and the gentlemanly requirement for public office holders.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Opara |first=George |date=21 May 2022 |title=2023: Wike pushes for presidency amidst opposition from home turf |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/05/21/2023-wike-pushes-for-presidency-amidst-opposition-from-home-turf/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyebade |first=Wole |date=12 February 2020 |title=Wike's disrespect for ancient stool and the victims |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/wikes-disrespect-for-ancient-stool-and-the-victims/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wike kuma ya zo da wuta saboda yunkurin mulkin mallaka don murkushe 'yan adawa ta hanyar hana zanga-zangar sau da yawa kuma mafi mahimmanci, lokacin da aka kama abokin hamayyarsa a cikin jam'iyya kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] kuma aka ɗaure shi makonni don hana shi yin takarar gwamna.&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police arrest federal lawmaker on Wike's order |url=https://punchng.com/police-arrest-federal-lawmaker-on-wikes-order/ |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police execute Wike's order, arrest PDP governorship aspirant |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627165453/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-date=27 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani mahimmin tushen jayayya shine yadda yake kula da kisan gillar Oy[[Inyamurai|Ibo]] a watan Nuwamba 2020, lokacin da ma'aikatan [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojoji]] suka kai hari kan samari na Igbo a [[Oyigbo]] bayan da IPOB ta kashe sojoji biyar; Wike akai-akai ya musanta duk wani laifi na Sojoji kuma ya tabbatar da mamayar soja na mako-mako na yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Taiwo-Hassan |date=23 November 2020 |title=investigation: Inside the horrific bloodshed and massive extrajudicial killings in Nigeria's Oyigbo community |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/427469-investigation-inside-the-horrific-bloodshed-and-massive-extrajudicial-killings-in-nigerias-oyigbo-community.html |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Princewill |first=Nimi |last2=Kevin-Alerechi |first2=Elfredah |date=2 November 2020 |title=Oyigbo Killings: Nigerian soldiers on reprisal attacks against IPOB elements: Wike |url=https://gazettengr.com/oyigbo-killings-nigerian-soldiers-on-reprisal-attacks-against-ipob-elements-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zaben fidda gwani ==
Za a gudanar da zaben fidda gwani, tare da duk wani kalubale da zai iya samu ga sakamakon fidda gwamna, tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 3 ga Yuni 2022 amma an tsawaita lokacin zuwa 9 ga Yuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;New Dates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jimoh |first=Abbas |date=26 February 2022 |title=INEC Sets New Dates For 2023 General Elections |url=https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=[[Daily Trust]] |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725032251/https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugabannin kabilun kamar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] sun yi kira ga jam'iyyun da su zabi wanda ba Ikwerre ba kamar yadda Ikwerres suka rike gwamna tun 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, duk da samar da kashi mai yawa na yawan mutanen Rivers, babu wani Ogoni da ya taɓa rike gwamna ko mataimakin gwamna, wanda ya haifar da kira don tsarawa na jam'iyyun ga gundumar Sanata ta Kudu maso Gabas ta Ogoni. Wadannan kira, tare da wasu da'awar cewa gwamnan ya kamata ya juya tsakanin yankunan tsaunuka da yankunan kogi, sun haifar da matsin lamba ga jam'iyyun don zabar wani daga yankunan kudancin ko kuma musamman, yankunan Ogoni-mafi yawan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga 'yan takara daga sauran gundumomi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Godwin |first=Ann |date=31 May 2021 |title=Search for Wike's successor roils Rivers as Ogoni eyes 2023 |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/search-for-wikes-successor-roils-rivers-as-ogoni-eyes-2023/ |access-date=2 August 2021 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta tsara gabatarwa, duka APC da PDP sun zabi 'yan siyasa daga yankunan kogi.

=== Dukkanin Majalisa Masu Ci gaba ===
Rikici mai tsawo tsakanin tsohon gwamnan da Ministan Sufuri na tarayya [[Rotimi Amaechi]] da tsohon Sanata [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] wanda ya haifar da rashin cancanta na Rivers APC a cikin 2019 ya ci gaba da gaba da zaben fidda gwani yayin da ƙungiyoyinsu suka gudanar da majalisa daban-daban kuma suka zabi shugabanci daban-daban a cikin 2021; shugabancin APC na kasa daga baya ya yarda da sakamakon majalisa da Amaechi ke tallafawa a matsayin halatta. A matsayin fadada rikicin jam'iyya, akwai rikice-rikice a cikin Rivers APC game da yiwuwar zoning zaben gwamna yayin da Amaechi ke goyon bayan zoning zuwa Kudu maso Gabas yayin da Abe ya yi yaƙi da yanke shawara ta zoning.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Renew Battle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odufowokan |first='Dare |title=Rivers 2023: Amaechi, Abe renew battle for soul of APC |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/rivers-2023-amaechi-abe-renew-battle-for-soul-of-apc/ |access-date=25 November 2021 |website=The Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, ya bayyana a fili cewa ba a warware rikicin jam'iyyar ba yayin da Amaechi da abokansa suka hadu don zabar &quot;dan takarar jam'iyya,&quot; suna sulhunta da Tonye Cole wanda zai kasance dan takarar APC a shekarar 2019 idan ba a dakatar da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake wasu masu neman shiga sun amince da shirin kuma sun fice, Abe da abokan hulɗarsa sun bayyana a fili cewa ba su amince da Cole a matsayin zaɓin jam'iyyar ba tare da wani dan siyasa mai haɗin kai na Abe yana ba'a da Cole a matsayinsa na &quot;abokin kasuwanci na&quot; Amaechi .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, akwai zanga-zangar wasu a cikin jam'iyyar da suka yi tir da tsarin da ba a sani ba da kuma zaɓin Cole saboda bai taɓa rike mukamin da aka zaba ba kuma ana zaton ba shi da tsarin siyasa a jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rashin amincewa, jam'iyyar ta tabbatar da Cole a matsayin zabin yarjejeniya; kodayake sanarwar manema labarai ta lura cewa tunda taron ba tsari ne na jam'iyya ba, Cole ba shi ne wanda aka zaba a hukumance ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, goyon bayan jam'iyyar Cole bai warware gardamar ba yayin da wasu 'yan takara suka yi tambaya game da zaɓin da tsarinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|All Progressives Congress|paragraphs=2|hat=no}}A cikin kwanaki kafin zaben fidda gwani, rikicin jam'iyyar ya kara zurfi yayin da sansanin Abe ya ki amincewa da majalisa na wakilai na wucin gadi kuma ya yi zanga-zanga a sakatariyar jam'iyyar ta jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar farko, Abe ya kauracewa kuma ya ki amincewa da ayyukan fidda gwani kafin a gudanar da zaben fidda gwini kai tsaye kuma ya haifar da Cole ya fito a matsayin dan takarar APC bayan sakamakon ya nuna Cole ya lashe sama da kashi 77% na kuri'un wakilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin jawabinsa na karɓa, Cole ya gode wa wakilai da Amaechi kafin ya nemi Abe da sauransu su haɗa kai da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt; Zai tafi kan zaɓaɓɓen tsohon MHA Innocent Barikor - ɗan kabilar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] daga [[Gokana]] - a matsayin abokin aikinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 June 2022 |title=2023: Rivers APC Picks Barikor As Running Mate to Cole |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628065309/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |archive-date=28 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rokon hadin kai, Abe da wasu tsoffin 'yan takarar firamare biyu sun bar jam'iyyar a watan Yuli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abe zai ci gaba da samun zaben gwamna na SDP.&lt;ref name=&quot;SDP primary&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=30 July 2022 |title=Magnus Abe emerges Rivers SDP gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/breaking-magnus-abe-emerges-rivers-sdp-gov-candidate/ |access-date=3 August 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, karar da aka shigar daga wakilan da ke goyon bayan Abe waɗanda suka yi zargin cewa an hana su ikon yin zabe a zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da soke zaben fidda gashin gashin gashi na APC ta Babban Kotun Tarayya a ranar 25 ga Oktoba. &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; Rivers APC ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin, tana mai cewa kotun ba ta da iko a kan batun jam'iyya na ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; Kotun daukaka kara ta goyi bayan APC a watan Janairun 2023, ta sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;/&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* Tonye Cole: ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan tsohon jakadan [[Patrick Dele-Cole]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nwisi |first=Rosemary |date=11 April 2022 |title=Dakuku, Cole, Princewill, George, six others join Rivers APC gov race |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/dakuku-cole-princewill-george-six-others-join-rivers-apc-gov-race/ |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abokin aiki - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;[3]
** Abokin gudu - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi ====

* [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]: member of the [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|NNPC]] Board (2020–present) and former senator for Rivers South East (2011–2015; 2016–2019) (defected after the primary to successfully run in the SDP gubernatorial primary)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;
* [[Sokonte Davies]]: former [[Hukumar Tashar Jirgin ruwa ta Nijeriya|Nigerian Ports Authority]] official&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]: former [[Asari-Toru]] Local Government Chairman&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Ibinabo Michael West: former Commissioner for Transportation&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Bernard Mikko]]: former [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|House of Representatives]] member for Khana/Gokana (1999–2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== Ya janye ====

* [[Biokpomabo Awara]]: 2019 AAC mai gabatarwa gwamna &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;
* [[Francis Ada Ebenezer]]: mai lissafi da mai wa'azi &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dawari George]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Akuku Toru / Asari Toru kuma tsohon Kwamishinan Makamashi da albarkatun kasa (ya sauya sheka bayan zaben fidda gwani don samun nasarar gudanarwa a zaben fidda gashin gwani na AA) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dakuku Peterside]]: tsohon Darakta Janar na [[Hukumar Kula da Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya|Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Tsaro ta Najeriya]] (2016-2020), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Andoni-[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]] (2011-2015), wanda aka zaba a matsayin gwamna na APC na 2015, tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka (2007-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Opobo-Nkuro (2002-2003) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tonye Princewill]]: 2015 LP gwamna noman, 2007 AC gwamna nomin, kuma ɗan tsohon Amanyanabo na Kalabari Kingdom Theophilus J.T. Princewill (ya fice bayan firamare) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Mina Tende]]: tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar [[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=APC primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Tonye Cole]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=986|percentage=77.58%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=190|percentage=14.95%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Sokonte Davies]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=49|percentage=3.86%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ibinabo Michael West]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=43|percentage=3.38%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Bernard Mikko]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=2|percentage=0.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Magnus Abe]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=1|percentage=0.08%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}Ba kamar jam'iyyar APC ta jihar ba, Rivers PDP ba ta fuskanci rikice-rikicen cikin gida kai tsaye a gaban jam'iyyar fidda gwani yayin da Wike ke da iko kai tsaye a kan yawancin jam'iyyar. Koyaya, yayin da firamare ke gabatowa, gwagwarmaya kan hanyar firamare da salon jagorancin Wike ya fara bayyanawa daga rahotanni wanda ya kai ga babban zanga-zanga a sakatariyar Rivers PDP a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mai goyon bayan zanga-zangar kuma abokin hamayyar Wike, memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] yana neman gwamna har sai Wike ya zargi Dagogo da tallafawa 'yan fashi don kai hari kan sakatariyar jam'iyyar a ranar 27 ga Afrilu kuma ya umarci' yan sanda su kama shi ranar da ta gabata kafin binciken gwamna na PDP.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagogo, wanda ya riga ya sayi kuma ya gabatar da fom don yin takara a zaben fidda gwani, ya yi ƙoƙari ya halarci aikin tantance jam'iyya a ranar 28 ga Afrilu amma 'yan sanda suka tsare shi kuma suka tsare shi a kurkuku har abada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mataimakan Dagogo tare da kungiyoyin farar hula sun yi tir da kama shi a matsayin manufa ta siyasa kuma sun yi kira ga a saki Dagogo amma PDP kawai ta hana shi daga zaben fidda gwani saboda 'rashin halarta a tantancewa.'   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released|access-date=3 May 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSERAP2022&quot;&gt;SERAP [@SERAPNigeria] (30 April 2022). [https://x.com/SERAPNigeria/status/1520428431246307338 &quot;Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released&quot;] ([[Tweet (social media)|Tweet]])&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;3 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt; &amp;#x2013; via [[Twitter]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=May 2022 |title=16 Governorship Aspirants Scale PDP Screening In Rivers |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/16-governorship-aspirants-scale-pdp-screening-in-rivers/ |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Adamawa State gubernatorial election|People's Democratic Party|paragraphs=1|hat=no}}In the days directly before the primary, reports emerged that Wike had settled on [[Siminalayi Fubara]]—the immediate past Accountant General of Rivers State—as his preferred candidate despite the [[Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta EFCC|Economic and Financial Crimes Commission]] declaring Fubara wanted for fraud on 24 May.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the primary date, the candidates contested an indirect primary that ended with Fubara's nomination after results showed him winning over 81% of the delegates' votes; several other candidates did not attend the event.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his acceptance speech, Fubara vowed to continue the work of the Wike administration. After the primary, it was noted that Fubara's riverine origin and [[Mutanen Ijaw|Ijaw ethnicity]] were a move in favor of a power shift after Wike's governorship.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt; However, Fubara still faced opposition from the EFCC as agents attempted to arrest him on 8 June and were stopped by Fubara's armed thugs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite his status as a fugitive, Fubara commenced his campaign and selected [[Ngozi Odu]]—a former commissioner from [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]]—as his running mate later in June.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 June 2022 |title=NGOZI ODU IS RIVERS PDP DEPUTY GOVERNORSHIP CANDIDATE |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622095319/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* [[Siminalayi Fubara]]: tsohon Babban Mai ba da lissafi na jihar&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=13 April 2022 |title=Wike's aides resign, 13 aspirants jostle for PDP ticket |url=https://punchng.com/wikes-aides-resign-13-aspirants-jostle-for-pdp-ticket/ |access-date=14 April 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt; Matashi mai gudu - Ngozi Odu: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi[4]
** Mataki mai gudu - [[Ngozi Odu]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi a firamare ====

* David Briggs: tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;
* Abieatedoghu Bob-Abbey Hart: 2015 PDP shugaban kasa dan takara &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Tammy Danagogo: Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2019-2022) kuma tsohon Ministan Wasanni (2014-2015) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Dax George-Kelly: tsohon mai ba da shawara ga Gwamna Wike&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tele Ikuru]]: tsohon [[Mataimakin gwamnan Jihar Rivers|Mataimakin Gwamna]] (2007; 2007-2015), tsohon Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane (2004-2006), tsohon Kwamishina na Aikin Gona da Albarkatun Halitta (1999-2003), kuma dan uwan tsohon Shugaban PDP na kasa Uche Secondus &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot; /&gt;
* [[Boma Iyaye]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Wasanni (2008-2009; 2009-2011; 2015-2022) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Ogu-Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Isaac Kamalu: tsohon Kwamishinan Kudi (2019-2022), tsohon Kwamishina na Kasafin Kudi da Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki (2015-2019), kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dattijai na Eleme (2007-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Lee Maeba]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2003-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odiegwu |first=Mike |title=Cracks as Rivers PDP mulls consensus governorship candidate |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/cracks-as-rivers-pdp-mulls-consensus-governorship-candidate/ |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Olaka Nwogu]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2015-2016), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na [[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]] / Oyigbo / Tai (1999-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Eleme &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Felix A. Obuah]]: tsohon Shugaban PDP na Jihar Rivers&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Austin Opara]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Port Harcourt II (1999-2007) kuma tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Wakili &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[George Thompson Sekibo]]: Sanata na Rivers East (2007-2017; 2019-yanzu) da kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Okrika / Ogu / Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Precious Sekibo: tsohon Ministan Sufuri (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Morgan Tom-West  &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== An hana shi ta kwamitin tantancewa ====

* [[Farah Dagogo]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Degema / Bonny (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Degema (wanda aka hana shi saboda rashin halarta a gwajin gwaji) &lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;

==== Ya ƙi ====

* [[Dum Dekor|Dunamene Dekor]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Khana / Gokana (2019-yanzu), tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka, kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar na Khana II &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;
* Kenneth Kobani: tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2015-2019) kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Masana'antu, Ciniki da Zuba Jari &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;
* [[Barry Mpigi]]: Sanata na Rivers Kudu maso Gabas (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Eleme / Oyigbo / Tai (2011-2019) &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=PDP primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Siminalayi Fubara]]}}|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=721|percentage=81.01%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Isaac Kamalu]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=86|percentage=9.66%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dax George-Kelly|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=37|percentage=4.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tammy Danagogo]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=36|percentage=4.04%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=David Briggs|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Morgan Tom-West]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Felix A. Obuah]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=2|percentage=0.22%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Other candidates|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=0|percentage=0.00%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

=== Ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ===
 

== Yaƙin neman zaɓe ==
Nan da nan bayan zaben fidda gwani, masu sharhi sun rarraba zaben a matsayin gwagwarmaya tsakanin gwamnan mai barin gado [[Ezenwo Wike|Ezenwo Nyesom Wike]] (PDP) da tsohon gwamnan [[Rotimi Amaechi]] (APC) duk da kasancewa zaben gwamnan Jihar Rivers na farko tun 2003 wanda babu Wike ko Amaechi 'yan takara.{{Efn|Although Amaechi's name was not on the ballot in the [[2007 Rivers State gubernatorial election|2007 election]], he successfully sued to be a legitimate candidate.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fubara da Cole suna da alaƙa sosai da Wike da Amaechi, bi da bi, wanda ya haifar da lakabin babban zaben a matsayin ci gaba da gwagwarmayar iko tsakanin su biyu. Koyaya, fitowar [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] - tsohon sanata wanda ya shafe shekaru yana jayayya da Amaechi kan kula da APC na jihar - yayin da dan takarar SDP ya kara da rashin tabbas ga zaben. Abubuwa mafi mahimmanci sun haɗa da shari'ar cin hanci da rashawa ta Fubara da kuma rikici na Wike da PDP na kasa game da sakamakon zaben fidda gwani na shugaban kasa, wanda ya rasa a watan Mayu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci a watan Oktoba 2022 wanda ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; An kwatanta hukuncin da sauri da irin wannan hukuncin da ya hana Rivers APC shiga gasar a shekarar 2019; &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; jam'iyyar ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin kuma ta yi alkawarin yin takara a zaben.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan da ya biyo baya, a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, an saki zaben farko na jama'a - wanda NIO Polls ya gudanar kuma Gidauniyar Anap ta ba da izini - don tseren tare da nuna filin da aka raba sosai wanda Fubara ya jagoranci yayin da Cole (wanda aka haɗa duk da hukuncin kotu) da Abe suka biyo baya a karo na biyu da na uku, bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayin da zaben ya kusa, an sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba ta hanyar Kotun daukaka kara a watan Janairun 2023. A watan da ya biyo baya, kungiyar Rivers State Governorship Debate Group ta gudanar da muhawara a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu; Abe, Cole, da kuma dan takarar LP Beatrice Itubo sun halarci yayin da Fubara da dan takarar Accord Dumo Lulu-Briggs ba su nan.&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 February 2023 |title=2023 polls: Rivers PDP guber candidate, Sim Fubara shuns debate |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/20/2023-polls-rivers-pdp-guber-candidate-sim-fubara-shuns-debate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya a watan Fabrairu, mayar da hankali ga zaben shugaban kasa da ke gabatowa a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu. A cikin zaben, Jihar Rivers ta zabi [[Bola Tinubu]] (APC) a cikin gardama; sakamakon da aka ayyana ya nuna Tinubu ya lashe jihar da kashi 44.2% na kuri'un don kayar da Peter Obi (LP) da kashi 33.4% da [[Atiku Abubakar]] (PDP) da kashi 16.9%. Zaben, wanda ya cika da rashin daidaito da zarge-zargen zamba, ya haifar da sabuntawa ga tseren gwamna yayin da rahotanni na tsangwama na zaben da Wike ya jagoranta don goyon bayan Tinubu ya haifar da damuwa game da irin wannan kokarin ga Fubara. Masu sharhi sun lura da yiwuwar rashin jin daɗi na masu jefa kuri'a saboda ma'anar cewa ainihin kuri'un ba su da tasiri ga sakamakon da aka sanar saboda rahotanni masu yawa daga Fabrairu tare da tsoron tashin hankali da aka yi niyya a sansanonin adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran abubuwan da masana suka yi la'akari da su sun haɗa da yanayin siyasa mai rikitarwa, tsattsauran ra'ayi game da wadanda ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba, da ci gaba da kai hare-hare kan masu adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tattaunawar zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|+Muhawara game da zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na 2023
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Masu shirya taron
! colspan=&quot;7&quot; |&lt;{{Font color|black|#FF9090|&amp;nbsp;A&amp;nbsp;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Accord (Nijeriya)|A]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Nigeria Labour Party|LP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |Sauran jam'iyyun
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Accord (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Labour Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Others}};&quot; |
|-
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |4 ga Fabrairu
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |[[Rivers State Governorship Debate Group|Kungiyar Tattaunawar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers]]
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Lulu-Briggs}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Tonye Cole|Cole]]}}}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Beatrice Itubo|Itubo]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|[[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Magnus Abe|Abe]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#A2B2C2;&quot; |'''NI'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Multiple}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;/&gt;
|}

=== Zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:14px;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Kungiyar zabe / abokin ciniki
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar Aikin Gida&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Samfurin samfur&lt;br /&gt;
![[Fayil:Tonye_Cole.jpg|80x80px]]
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''PDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''SDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ba a yanke shawara ba
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Babu wani amsa / Babu wani amsa/An ƙi
|-
!Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Magnus Ngei Abe|Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/pdps-siminalayi-fubara-has-a-narrow-lead-in-a-severely-fragmented-race NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Oktoba 2022
|500
|14%
|11%
|6%
|12%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 4%; [[Tekena Iyagba]] (BP): 3%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Other candidates: 3%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''37%'''
|20%{{Efn|Refused: 18%; None: 2%}}
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/rivers-pdps-siminalayi-fubara-maintains-lead-but-sdps-magnus-abe-has-momentum NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Fabrairu 2023
|N/A
|10%
|20%
|11%
|11%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 6%; [[Dawari George]] (AA): 2%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Victor Tamie Fingesi: 1%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''23%'''
|25%{{Efn|Refused: 24%; None: 1%}}
|-
|}

== Tsinkaya ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!Tushen
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tsinkaya
!Ya zuwa yanzu
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Nowrap|[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]{{efn|AfricaElects projections predict the likelihood of a candidate winning a state by categorizing a state as &quot;Safe&quot; for exceedingly likely, &quot;Likely&quot; for somewhat likely, and &quot;Lean&quot; for least likely. If no clear determination could be made, states are categorized as &quot;tossups&quot;.}}}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Africa Elects ratings&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Elimian |first=Adrian |title=Nigerian Gubernatorial Elections: State Ratings |url=https://africaelects.com/2023/03/18/nigerian-gubernatorial-elections-state-ratings/ |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00c00e&quot; |Wataƙila Fubara
|17 Maris 2023
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |Ya isa ya isa ya zama {{Nowrap|[[SBM Intelligence]]{{efn|EiE-SBM projections predict which candidates will win states.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;EiE-SBM March projections&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=The EiE-SBM 2023 Election forecast: Diminished interest in state elections will make for poor outcomes |url=https://www.sbmintel.com/2023/03/the-eie-sbm-2023-election-forecast-diminished-interest-in-state-elections-will-make-for-poor-outcomes/ |website=SBM Intelligence |date=2 March 2023 |access-date=16 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#009404&quot; |Fubara
|2 ga Maris 2023
|-
|}

== Halin da ake yi ==

=== Lokaci na zaɓe ===
{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|Electoral timetable|hat=no}}

== Babban Zabe ==

=== Sakamakon ===
{{Election box begin no change|title=2023 Rivers State gubernatorial election}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dumo Lulu-Briggs|party=Accord (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dawari George]]|party=Action Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Victor Tamie Fingesi]]|party=Action Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Leesi Gabriel Gborogbosi|party=Action Peoples Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dada Joseph Ngechu Obele]]|party=African Action Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonte Ibraye]]|party=African Democratic Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Faye-Ofori Churchill]]|party=Allied Peoples Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonye Cole]]|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=95,274|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Ugochukwu Prince Beke]]|party=All Progressives Grand Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tekena Iyagba]]|party=Boot Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Beatrice Itubo]]|party=Labour Party (Nigeria)|votes=22,224|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Sam Agwor]]|party=New Nigeria Peoples Party|votes=335|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Jackrich Sobomabo]]|party=National Rescue Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Siminalayi Fubara]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=302,614|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Magnus Abe]]|party=Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Danagogo Wenike-Briggs]]|party=Young Progressives Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Leyii Kwanee]]|party=Zenith Labour Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

==== Ta hanyar gundumar sanata ====
Sakamakon zaben ta gundumar sanata.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gundumar Sanata
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gundumar Sanatan Rivers ta Gabas|Gundumar Sanata ta Gabas ta Rivers]]{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]], [[Etche]], [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]], [[Obio-Akpor]], [[Ogu–Bolo]], [[Okrika]], [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]], and [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Kogin Kudu maso Gabas na Gundumar Sanata{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]], [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]], [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]], [[Opobo–Nkoro]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Sanata ta Yammacin Kogin{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]], [[Ahoada East]], [[Ahoada West]], [[Akuku-Toru]], [[Asari-Toru]], [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]], [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]], and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar mazabar tarayya ====
Sakamakon zaben ta mazabar tarayya.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mazabar Tarayya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Abua/Odua/Ahoada Gabashin Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]] and [[Ahoada East]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ahoada West/Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ahoada East]] and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Tarayyar Akuku Toru / Asari Toru{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Akuku-Toru]] and [[Asari-Toru]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Andoni/Opobo/Nkoro Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]] and [[Opobo–Nkoro]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Degema / Bonny Mazabar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]] and [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Eleme/Oyigbo/Tai Tarayyar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Yankin Etche/Omuma na Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Etche]] and [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ikwerre/Emohua Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]] and [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Khana/Gokana Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]] and [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Obio/Akpor Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government area of [[Obio-Akpor]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Okrika/Ogu/Bolo Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ogu–Bolo]] and [[Okrika]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Port Harcourt I Majalisa ta Tarayya da Port Harcoort II Majalisa na Tarayya{{Efn|Together comprising the local government area of [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}{{Efn|These two constituencies are within a single LGA. As this table does not differentiate between intra-LGA results, these figures are for the entire LGA which is the same as the data for both constituencies.}}&lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar karamar hukuma ====
Sakamakon zaben ta karamar hukuma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |LGA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kashi na masu halarta
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Abua–Odual|Abua-Odual]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,738
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,763
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |463
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |712
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,676
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Gabas|Ahoada Gabas]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,650
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,408
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,077
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |903
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,038
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Yamma|Ahoada Yamma]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,883
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,425
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,063
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |775
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,146
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Akuku-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,724
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,273
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |222
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |931
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |11,150
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Andoni]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,149
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,319
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1185
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |618
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Asari-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,209
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |12,663
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |179
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |18,322
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Bonny (Rivers)|Bonny]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,285
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,032
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |559
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,571
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,447
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Degema]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,437
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |579
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,006
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,129
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,662
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,414
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,251
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |920
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,247
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Emohua
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,916
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,600
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |805
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,270
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |28,591
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Etche|Ƙarƙashin]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,408
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,043
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,586
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,283
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |26,320
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gokana]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |7,410
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,455
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,840
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |755
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |39,467
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ikwerre]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |7,503
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,716
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,447
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,424
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Khana]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,475
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,846
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |494
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,435
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Obio-Akpor|Rashin amincewa da Akpor]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |7,361
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |45,065
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,056
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,083
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |65,565
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni|Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,811
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,729
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,450
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,391
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,524
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |7,103
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |310
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |528
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Okrika|Yankin]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,719
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,342
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |822
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,719
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |15,093
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Omuma]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,127
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,760
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,246
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |11,538
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Oyigbo]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,793
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,886
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,086
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Port Harcourt (ƙaramar hukuma)|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Harcourt]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |26,892
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,974
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,689
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Tai]]
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== Dubi kuma ==

* Zaben Najeriya na 2023
* [[Zaben gwamnonin Najeriya 2023|Zaben gwamna na Najeriya na 2023]]

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{2023 Nigeria elections}}{{Elections in Rivers State}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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An gudanar da Zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na shekarar 2023, a ranar 18 ga watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2023, don zabar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers, tare da Zaɓen Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers da sauran zabukan gwamna ashirin da bakwai da zaɓen duk sauran gidajen majalisa na jihar.[1][2] Za a gudanar da zaben - wanda aka jinkirta daga ranar 11 ga watan Maris - makonni uku bayan Zaben shugaban kasa da zaben Majalisar Dokoki.[3] Gwamnan PDP mai ci Ezenwo Nyesom Wike yana da iyakacin wa'adi, kuma ba zai iya neman sake zaben zuwa wa'adi na uku ba.

An shirya zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyya tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 9 ga Yuni 2022 tare da Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party da ta zabi tsohon mai ba da lissafi na jihar [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a ranar 25 ga Mayu yayin da All Progressives Congress ta zabi dan kasuwa Tonye Cole a ranar 26 ga Mayu.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ibunge |first=Blessing |title=Rivers Accountant General, Fubara, Wins PDP Governorship Primary |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/05/26/rivers-accountant-general-fubara-wins-pdp-governorship-primary/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[ThisDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 May 2022 |title=Tonye Cole wins Rivers APC governorship ticket |url=https://gazettengr.com/tonye-cole-wins-rivers-apc-governorship-ticket/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]] |publisher=[[News Agency of Nigeria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, hukuncin Babban Kotun Tarayya ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC amma Kotun daukaka kara ta soke hukuncin a watan Janairun 2023 .&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sanusi |first=Abiodun |last2=Naku |first2=Dennis |date=25 October 2022 |title=JUST IN: Court nullifies APC primaries in Rivers |url=https://punchng.com/just-in-court-nullifies-apc-primaries-in-rivers/ |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=20 January 2023 |title=Court nullifies suit against Rivers APC gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/court-nullifies-suit-against-rivers-apc-gov-candidate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan an kammala tattarawa a ranar da ta biyo bayan zaben, INEC ta ayyana Fubara a matsayin mai nasara. A cikin sakamakon hukuma, Fubara ya lashe kusan kuri'u 303,000 (~ 63% na kuri'un) don kayar da Cole da kusan kuri'un 95,000 (20% na kuri'u), Abe da kusan kuriʼu 47,000 (~ 10% na kuri'a), da Itubo da kusan kuri&quot; 22,000 (5% na kuri'an). Sakamakon nan da nan ne 'yan wasan da suka zo na biyu suka ki amincewa da shi saboda rahotanni da yawa game da rashin daidaito da tashin hankali.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cole rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okwa |first=Reuben |date=21 March 2023 |title=Tonye Cole, Others Reject Rivers Gov Election Result, Demand Cancellation |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/03/21/tonye-cole-others-reject-rivers-governorship-election-result-demand-cancellation/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Channels TV]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Abe rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=8 April 2023 |title=Rivers guber: We'll challenge election results, SDP's Abe insists |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/rivers-guber-well-challenge-election-results-sdps-abe-insists/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Itubo rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chukwu |first=Ignatius |date=19 March 2023 |title=Labour Party rejects outcome of Saturday elections in Rivers |url=https://businessday.ng/nigeriadecidesliveupdates/article/labour-party-rejects-outcome-of-saturday-elections-in-rivers/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shari'ar kalubalen shari'a da ta biyo baya ta kai [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]], wacce ta tabbatar da zaben Fubara a cikin hukunce-hukuncen da aka yanke a watan Janairun 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;Supreme Court upholds Fubara victory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=UPDATED: Supreme Court affirms Rivers governor, Fubara's election |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/661993-updated-supreme-court-affirms-rivers-governor-fubaras-election.html |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zabe ==
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zabe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu, tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u, da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

== Tarihi ==
Jihar Rivers jihar ce mai yawan jama'a, jiha daban-daban a Kudu tare da manyan man fetur da gas na halitta tare da cibiyoyin masana'antu. Duk da yawan kudaden shigar da man fetur, jihar tana da manyan batutuwa da yawa tare da 'yan fashi da' yan bindigar man fetur ba bisa ka'ida ba a yankunan kogi yayin da yankunan birane ke da yawan jama'a da gurɓataccen muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A siyasance, zaben 2019 ya kasance ci gaba da ikon PDP na jihar yayin da rashin iyawar APC na jihar don gudanar da zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da rashin cancanta ta kotun. Dan takarar shugaban kasa na PDP [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya lashe jihar da kashi 50% kuma jam'iyyar [[Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|ya sami dukkan kujerun majalisar dattijai guda uku]] yayin da ta mamaye [[Zaben Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|Zaben Majalisar Wakilai]]. A matakin jiha, PDP ta kuma [[2019 Rivers State House of Assembly election|riƙewa]] mafi rinjaye a Majalisar Dokoki kuma Wike ta lashe [[Zaben gwamna na Jihar Legas na 2019|Zaben gwamna]] da yawa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin wa'adin Wike, manufofin wa'adinsa na biyu sune ababen more rayuwa, horo na kasafin kudi, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da hadin kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dangane da aikinsa, an yaba wa Wike don ci gaban ababen more rayuwa, inganta kiwon lafiya, saka hannun jari a wasanni, da turawa kan bunker mai ba bisa ka'ida ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, an soki gwamnatinsa saboda jinkirin watanni na kafa majalisa, sanarwar da ya yi na Rivers a matsayin &quot;jiha ta Kirista&quot; da kuma mummunar martani ga rushewar masallaci, kashe biliyoyin naira don siyan motocin alatu ga 'yan majalisa da alƙalai, ƙoƙarin hana zanga-zangar ba bisa ka'ida ba a lokacin tsawo na zanga-zambe na SARS na 2020, da ya ga damuwa da fara rikice-rikice-rikici na jama'a tare da wasu jami'an da aka zaba, biyan albashi da fansho ba bisa ka-zangar gwamnati ba, da rashin girmamawa    masu mulki na gargajiya   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kevin-Alerechi |first=Elfredah |date=14 October 2020 |title=Rivers residents groan as Wike spends N3.4 billion on luxury cars for judges, politicians |url=https://gazettengr.com/rivers-residents-groan-as-wike-spends-n3-4-billion-on-luxury-cars-for-judges-politicians/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 October 2020 |title=Nigerians React As Gov Wike Bans #EndSARS Protest In Rivers |url=https://www.theheritagetimes.com/nigerians-react-as-gov-wike-bans-endsars-protest-in-rivers/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=The Heritage Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 March 2022 |title=Ranking Nigerian Governors Feb/March 2022: APC Govs' dirty fight, Sanwo-Olu's BRT snag, Wike's uncouthness, Umahi's meltdown |url=https://www.ripplesnigeria.com/ranking-nigerian-governors-feb-march-2022-apc-govs-dirty-fight-sanwo-olus-brt-snag-wikes-uncouthness-umahis-meltdown/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Ripples Nigeria]] |quote=Though we acknowledge Wike's reported passion for his party and other issues, we, however, frown at his constant ranting and hurling of insults, and issuing of threats against his opponents— in their ever-increasing number and classification. We believe Governor Wike will do well for himself in taking one or two lessons in diplomacy, civility in public communication and the gentlemanly requirement for public office holders.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Opara |first=George |date=21 May 2022 |title=2023: Wike pushes for presidency amidst opposition from home turf |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/05/21/2023-wike-pushes-for-presidency-amidst-opposition-from-home-turf/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyebade |first=Wole |date=12 February 2020 |title=Wike's disrespect for ancient stool and the victims |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/wikes-disrespect-for-ancient-stool-and-the-victims/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wike kuma ya zo da wuta saboda yunkurin mulkin mallaka don murkushe 'yan adawa ta hanyar hana zanga-zangar sau da yawa kuma mafi mahimmanci, lokacin da aka kama abokin hamayyarsa a cikin jam'iyya kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] kuma aka ɗaure shi makonni don hana shi yin takarar gwamna.&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police arrest federal lawmaker on Wike's order |url=https://punchng.com/police-arrest-federal-lawmaker-on-wikes-order/ |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police execute Wike's order, arrest PDP governorship aspirant |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627165453/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-date=27 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani mahimmin tushen jayayya shine yadda yake kula da kisan gillar Oy[[Inyamurai|Ibo]] a watan Nuwamba 2020, lokacin da ma'aikatan [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojoji]] suka kai hari kan samari na Igbo a [[Oyigbo]] bayan da IPOB ta kashe sojoji biyar; Wike akai-akai ya musanta duk wani laifi na Sojoji kuma ya tabbatar da mamayar soja na mako-mako na yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Taiwo-Hassan |date=23 November 2020 |title=investigation: Inside the horrific bloodshed and massive extrajudicial killings in Nigeria's Oyigbo community |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/427469-investigation-inside-the-horrific-bloodshed-and-massive-extrajudicial-killings-in-nigerias-oyigbo-community.html |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Princewill |first=Nimi |last2=Kevin-Alerechi |first2=Elfredah |date=2 November 2020 |title=Oyigbo Killings: Nigerian soldiers on reprisal attacks against IPOB elements: Wike |url=https://gazettengr.com/oyigbo-killings-nigerian-soldiers-on-reprisal-attacks-against-ipob-elements-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zaben fidda gwani ==
Za a gudanar da zaben fidda gwani, tare da duk wani kalubale da zai iya samu ga sakamakon fidda gwamna, tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 3 ga Yuni 2022 amma an tsawaita lokacin zuwa 9 ga Yuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;New Dates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jimoh |first=Abbas |date=26 February 2022 |title=INEC Sets New Dates For 2023 General Elections |url=https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=[[Daily Trust]] |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725032251/https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugabannin kabilun kamar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] sun yi kira ga jam'iyyun da su zabi wanda ba Ikwerre ba kamar yadda Ikwerres suka rike gwamna tun 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, duk da samar da kashi mai yawa na yawan mutanen Rivers, babu wani Ogoni da ya taɓa rike gwamna ko mataimakin gwamna, wanda ya haifar da kira don tsarawa na jam'iyyun ga gundumar Sanata ta Kudu maso Gabas ta Ogoni. Wadannan kira, tare da wasu da'awar cewa gwamnan ya kamata ya juya tsakanin yankunan tsaunuka da yankunan kogi, sun haifar da matsin lamba ga jam'iyyun don zabar wani daga yankunan kudancin ko kuma musamman, yankunan Ogoni-mafi yawan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga 'yan takara daga sauran gundumomi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Godwin |first=Ann |date=31 May 2021 |title=Search for Wike's successor roils Rivers as Ogoni eyes 2023 |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/search-for-wikes-successor-roils-rivers-as-ogoni-eyes-2023/ |access-date=2 August 2021 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta tsara gabatarwa, duka APC da PDP sun zabi 'yan siyasa daga yankunan kogi.

=== Dukkanin Majalisa Masu Ci gaba ===
Rikici mai tsawo tsakanin tsohon gwamnan da Ministan Sufuri na tarayya [[Rotimi Amaechi]] da tsohon Sanata [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] wanda ya haifar da rashin cancanta na Rivers APC a cikin 2019 ya ci gaba da gaba da zaben fidda gwani yayin da ƙungiyoyinsu suka gudanar da majalisa daban-daban kuma suka zabi shugabanci daban-daban a cikin 2021; shugabancin APC na kasa daga baya ya yarda da sakamakon majalisa da Amaechi ke tallafawa a matsayin halatta. A matsayin fadada rikicin jam'iyya, akwai rikice-rikice a cikin Rivers APC game da yiwuwar zoning zaben gwamna yayin da Amaechi ke goyon bayan zoning zuwa Kudu maso Gabas yayin da Abe ya yi yaƙi da yanke shawara ta zoning.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Renew Battle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odufowokan |first='Dare |title=Rivers 2023: Amaechi, Abe renew battle for soul of APC |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/rivers-2023-amaechi-abe-renew-battle-for-soul-of-apc/ |access-date=25 November 2021 |website=The Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, ya bayyana a fili cewa ba a warware rikicin jam'iyyar ba yayin da Amaechi da abokansa suka hadu don zabar &quot;dan takarar jam'iyya,&quot; suna sulhunta da Tonye Cole wanda zai kasance dan takarar APC a shekarar 2019 idan ba a dakatar da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake wasu masu neman shiga sun amince da shirin kuma sun fice, Abe da abokan hulɗarsa sun bayyana a fili cewa ba su amince da Cole a matsayin zaɓin jam'iyyar ba tare da wani dan siyasa mai haɗin kai na Abe yana ba'a da Cole a matsayinsa na &quot;abokin kasuwanci na&quot; Amaechi .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, akwai zanga-zangar wasu a cikin jam'iyyar da suka yi tir da tsarin da ba a sani ba da kuma zaɓin Cole saboda bai taɓa rike mukamin da aka zaba ba kuma ana zaton ba shi da tsarin siyasa a jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rashin amincewa, jam'iyyar ta tabbatar da Cole a matsayin zabin yarjejeniya; kodayake sanarwar manema labarai ta lura cewa tunda taron ba tsari ne na jam'iyya ba, Cole ba shi ne wanda aka zaba a hukumance ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, goyon bayan jam'iyyar Cole bai warware gardamar ba yayin da wasu 'yan takara suka yi tambaya game da zaɓin da tsarinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|All Progressives Congress|paragraphs=2|hat=no}}A cikin kwanaki kafin zaben fidda gwani, rikicin jam'iyyar ya kara zurfi yayin da sansanin Abe ya ki amincewa da majalisa na wakilai na wucin gadi kuma ya yi zanga-zanga a sakatariyar jam'iyyar ta jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar farko, Abe ya kauracewa kuma ya ki amincewa da ayyukan fidda gwani kafin a gudanar da zaben fidda gwini kai tsaye kuma ya haifar da Cole ya fito a matsayin dan takarar APC bayan sakamakon ya nuna Cole ya lashe sama da kashi 77% na kuri'un wakilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin jawabinsa na karɓa, Cole ya gode wa wakilai da Amaechi kafin ya nemi Abe da sauransu su haɗa kai da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt; Zai tafi kan zaɓaɓɓen tsohon MHA Innocent Barikor - ɗan kabilar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] daga [[Gokana]] - a matsayin abokin aikinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 June 2022 |title=2023: Rivers APC Picks Barikor As Running Mate to Cole |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628065309/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |archive-date=28 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rokon hadin kai, Abe da wasu tsoffin 'yan takarar firamare biyu sun bar jam'iyyar a watan Yuli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abe zai ci gaba da samun zaben gwamna na SDP.&lt;ref name=&quot;SDP primary&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=30 July 2022 |title=Magnus Abe emerges Rivers SDP gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/breaking-magnus-abe-emerges-rivers-sdp-gov-candidate/ |access-date=3 August 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, karar da aka shigar daga wakilan da ke goyon bayan Abe waɗanda suka yi zargin cewa an hana su ikon yin zabe a zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da soke zaben fidda gashin gashin gashi na APC ta Babban Kotun Tarayya a ranar 25 ga Oktoba. &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; Rivers APC ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin, tana mai cewa kotun ba ta da iko a kan batun jam'iyya na ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; Kotun daukaka kara ta goyi bayan APC a watan Janairun 2023, ta sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;/&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* Tonye Cole: ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan tsohon jakadan [[Patrick Dele-Cole]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nwisi |first=Rosemary |date=11 April 2022 |title=Dakuku, Cole, Princewill, George, six others join Rivers APC gov race |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/dakuku-cole-princewill-george-six-others-join-rivers-apc-gov-race/ |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abokin aiki - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;[3]
** Abokin gudu - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi ====

* [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]: member of the [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|NNPC]] Board (2020–present) and former senator for Rivers South East (2011–2015; 2016–2019) (defected after the primary to successfully run in the SDP gubernatorial primary)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;
* [[Sokonte Davies]]: former [[Hukumar Tashar Jirgin ruwa ta Nijeriya|Nigerian Ports Authority]] official&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]: former [[Asari-Toru]] Local Government Chairman&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Ibinabo Michael West: former Commissioner for Transportation&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Bernard Mikko]]: former [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|House of Representatives]] member for Khana/Gokana (1999–2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== Ya janye ====

* [[Biokpomabo Awara]]: 2019 AAC mai gabatarwa gwamna &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;
* [[Francis Ada Ebenezer]]: mai lissafi da mai wa'azi &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dawari George]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Akuku Toru / Asari Toru kuma tsohon Kwamishinan Makamashi da albarkatun kasa (ya sauya sheka bayan zaben fidda gwani don samun nasarar gudanarwa a zaben fidda gashin gwani na AA) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dakuku Peterside]]: tsohon Darakta Janar na [[Hukumar Kula da Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya|Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Tsaro ta Najeriya]] (2016-2020), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Andoni-[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]] (2011-2015), wanda aka zaba a matsayin gwamna na APC na 2015, tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka (2007-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Opobo-Nkuro (2002-2003) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tonye Princewill]]: 2015 LP gwamna noman, 2007 AC gwamna nomin, kuma ɗan tsohon Amanyanabo na Kalabari Kingdom Theophilus J.T. Princewill (ya fice bayan firamare) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Mina Tende]]: tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar [[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=APC primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Tonye Cole]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=986|percentage=77.58%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=190|percentage=14.95%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Sokonte Davies]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=49|percentage=3.86%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ibinabo Michael West]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=43|percentage=3.38%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Bernard Mikko]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=2|percentage=0.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Magnus Abe]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=1|percentage=0.08%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}Ba kamar jam'iyyar APC ta jihar ba, Rivers PDP ba ta fuskanci rikice-rikicen cikin gida kai tsaye a gaban jam'iyyar fidda gwani yayin da Wike ke da iko kai tsaye a kan yawancin jam'iyyar. Koyaya, yayin da firamare ke gabatowa, gwagwarmaya kan hanyar firamare da salon jagorancin Wike ya fara bayyanawa daga rahotanni wanda ya kai ga babban zanga-zanga a sakatariyar Rivers PDP a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mai goyon bayan zanga-zangar kuma abokin hamayyar Wike, memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] yana neman gwamna har sai Wike ya zargi Dagogo da tallafawa 'yan fashi don kai hari kan sakatariyar jam'iyyar a ranar 27 ga Afrilu kuma ya umarci' yan sanda su kama shi ranar da ta gabata kafin binciken gwamna na PDP.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagogo, wanda ya riga ya sayi kuma ya gabatar da fom don yin takara a zaben fidda gwani, ya yi ƙoƙari ya halarci aikin tantance jam'iyya a ranar 28 ga Afrilu amma 'yan sanda suka tsare shi kuma suka tsare shi a kurkuku har abada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mataimakan Dagogo tare da kungiyoyin farar hula sun yi tir da kama shi a matsayin manufa ta siyasa kuma sun yi kira ga a saki Dagogo amma PDP kawai ta hana shi daga zaben fidda gwani saboda 'rashin halarta a tantancewa.'   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released|access-date=3 May 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSERAP2022&quot;&gt;SERAP [@SERAPNigeria] (30 April 2022). [https://x.com/SERAPNigeria/status/1520428431246307338 &quot;Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released&quot;] ([[Tweet (social media)|Tweet]])&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;3 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt; &amp;#x2013; via [[Twitter]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=May 2022 |title=16 Governorship Aspirants Scale PDP Screening In Rivers |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/16-governorship-aspirants-scale-pdp-screening-in-rivers/ |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Adamawa State gubernatorial election|People's Democratic Party|paragraphs=1|hat=no}}In the days directly before the primary, reports emerged that Wike had settled on [[Siminalayi Fubara]]—the immediate past Accountant General of Rivers State—as his preferred candidate despite the [[Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta EFCC|Economic and Financial Crimes Commission]] declaring Fubara wanted for fraud on 24 May.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the primary date, the candidates contested an indirect primary that ended with Fubara's nomination after results showed him winning over 81% of the delegates' votes; several other candidates did not attend the event.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his acceptance speech, Fubara vowed to continue the work of the Wike administration. After the primary, it was noted that Fubara's riverine origin and [[Mutanen Ijaw|Ijaw ethnicity]] were a move in favor of a power shift after Wike's governorship.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt; However, Fubara still faced opposition from the EFCC as agents attempted to arrest him on 8 June and were stopped by Fubara's armed thugs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite his status as a fugitive, Fubara commenced his campaign and selected [[Ngozi Odu]]—a former commissioner from [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]]—as his running mate later in June.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 June 2022 |title=NGOZI ODU IS RIVERS PDP DEPUTY GOVERNORSHIP CANDIDATE |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622095319/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* [[Siminalayi Fubara]]: tsohon Babban Mai ba da lissafi na jihar&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=13 April 2022 |title=Wike's aides resign, 13 aspirants jostle for PDP ticket |url=https://punchng.com/wikes-aides-resign-13-aspirants-jostle-for-pdp-ticket/ |access-date=14 April 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt; Matashi mai gudu - Ngozi Odu: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi[4]
** Mataki mai gudu - [[Ngozi Odu]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi a firamare ====

* David Briggs: tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;
* Abieatedoghu Bob-Abbey Hart: 2015 PDP shugaban kasa dan takara &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Tammy Danagogo: Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2019-2022) kuma tsohon Ministan Wasanni (2014-2015) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Dax George-Kelly: tsohon mai ba da shawara ga Gwamna Wike&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tele Ikuru]]: tsohon [[Mataimakin gwamnan Jihar Rivers|Mataimakin Gwamna]] (2007; 2007-2015), tsohon Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane (2004-2006), tsohon Kwamishina na Aikin Gona da Albarkatun Halitta (1999-2003), kuma dan uwan tsohon Shugaban PDP na kasa Uche Secondus &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot; /&gt;
* [[Boma Iyaye]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Wasanni (2008-2009; 2009-2011; 2015-2022) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Ogu-Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Isaac Kamalu: tsohon Kwamishinan Kudi (2019-2022), tsohon Kwamishina na Kasafin Kudi da Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki (2015-2019), kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dattijai na Eleme (2007-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Lee Maeba]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2003-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odiegwu |first=Mike |title=Cracks as Rivers PDP mulls consensus governorship candidate |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/cracks-as-rivers-pdp-mulls-consensus-governorship-candidate/ |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Olaka Nwogu]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2015-2016), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na [[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]] / Oyigbo / Tai (1999-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Eleme &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Felix A. Obuah]]: tsohon Shugaban PDP na Jihar Rivers&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Austin Opara]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Port Harcourt II (1999-2007) kuma tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Wakili &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[George Thompson Sekibo]]: Sanata na Rivers East (2007-2017; 2019-yanzu) da kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Okrika / Ogu / Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Precious Sekibo: tsohon Ministan Sufuri (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Morgan Tom-West  &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== An hana shi ta kwamitin tantancewa ====

* [[Farah Dagogo]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Degema / Bonny (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Degema (wanda aka hana shi saboda rashin halarta a gwajin gwaji) &lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;

==== Ya ƙi ====

* [[Dum Dekor|Dunamene Dekor]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Khana / Gokana (2019-yanzu), tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka, kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar na Khana II &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;
* Kenneth Kobani: tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2015-2019) kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Masana'antu, Ciniki da Zuba Jari &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;
* [[Barry Mpigi]]: Sanata na Rivers Kudu maso Gabas (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Eleme / Oyigbo / Tai (2011-2019) &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=PDP primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Siminalayi Fubara]]}}|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=721|percentage=81.01%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Isaac Kamalu]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=86|percentage=9.66%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dax George-Kelly|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=37|percentage=4.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tammy Danagogo]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=36|percentage=4.04%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=David Briggs|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Morgan Tom-West]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Felix A. Obuah]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=2|percentage=0.22%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Other candidates|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=0|percentage=0.00%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

=== Ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ===
 

== Yaƙin neman zaɓe ==
Nan da nan bayan zaben fidda gwani, masu sharhi sun rarraba zaben a matsayin gwagwarmaya tsakanin gwamnan mai barin gado [[Ezenwo Wike|Ezenwo Nyesom Wike]] (PDP) da tsohon gwamnan [[Rotimi Amaechi]] (APC) duk da kasancewa zaben gwamnan Jihar Rivers na farko tun 2003 wanda babu Wike ko Amaechi 'yan takara.{{Efn|Although Amaechi's name was not on the ballot in the [[2007 Rivers State gubernatorial election|2007 election]], he successfully sued to be a legitimate candidate.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fubara da Cole suna da alaƙa sosai da Wike da Amaechi, bi da bi, wanda ya haifar da lakabin babban zaben a matsayin ci gaba da gwagwarmayar iko tsakanin su biyu. Koyaya, fitowar [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] - tsohon sanata wanda ya shafe shekaru yana jayayya da Amaechi kan kula da APC na jihar - yayin da dan takarar SDP ya kara da rashin tabbas ga zaben. Abubuwa mafi mahimmanci sun haɗa da shari'ar cin hanci da rashawa ta Fubara da kuma rikici na Wike da PDP na kasa game da sakamakon zaben fidda gwani na shugaban kasa, wanda ya rasa a watan Mayu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci a watan Oktoba 2022 wanda ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; An kwatanta hukuncin da sauri da irin wannan hukuncin da ya hana Rivers APC shiga gasar a shekarar 2019; &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; jam'iyyar ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin kuma ta yi alkawarin yin takara a zaben.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan da ya biyo baya, a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, an saki zaben farko na jama'a - wanda NIO Polls ya gudanar kuma Gidauniyar Anap ta ba da izini - don tseren tare da nuna filin da aka raba sosai wanda Fubara ya jagoranci yayin da Cole (wanda aka haɗa duk da hukuncin kotu) da Abe suka biyo baya a karo na biyu da na uku, bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayin da zaben ya kusa, an sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba ta hanyar Kotun daukaka kara a watan Janairun 2023. A watan da ya biyo baya, kungiyar Rivers State Governorship Debate Group ta gudanar da muhawara a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu; Abe, Cole, da kuma dan takarar LP Beatrice Itubo sun halarci yayin da Fubara da dan takarar Accord Dumo Lulu-Briggs ba su nan.&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 February 2023 |title=2023 polls: Rivers PDP guber candidate, Sim Fubara shuns debate |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/20/2023-polls-rivers-pdp-guber-candidate-sim-fubara-shuns-debate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya a watan Fabrairu, mayar da hankali ga zaben shugaban kasa da ke gabatowa a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu. A cikin zaben, Jihar Rivers ta zabi [[Bola Tinubu]] (APC) a cikin gardama; sakamakon da aka ayyana ya nuna Tinubu ya lashe jihar da kashi 44.2% na kuri'un don kayar da Peter Obi (LP) da kashi 33.4% da [[Atiku Abubakar]] (PDP) da kashi 16.9%. Zaben, wanda ya cika da rashin daidaito da zarge-zargen zamba, ya haifar da sabuntawa ga tseren gwamna yayin da rahotanni na tsangwama na zaben da Wike ya jagoranta don goyon bayan Tinubu ya haifar da damuwa game da irin wannan kokarin ga Fubara. Masu sharhi sun lura da yiwuwar rashin jin daɗi na masu jefa kuri'a saboda ma'anar cewa ainihin kuri'un ba su da tasiri ga sakamakon da aka sanar saboda rahotanni masu yawa daga Fabrairu tare da tsoron tashin hankali da aka yi niyya a sansanonin adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran abubuwan da masana suka yi la'akari da su sun haɗa da yanayin siyasa mai rikitarwa, tsattsauran ra'ayi game da wadanda ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba, da ci gaba da kai hare-hare kan masu adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tattaunawar zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|+Muhawara game da zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na 2023
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Masu shirya taron
! colspan=&quot;7&quot; |&lt;{{Font color|black|#FF9090|&amp;nbsp;A&amp;nbsp;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Accord (Nijeriya)|A]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Nigeria Labour Party|LP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |Sauran jam'iyyun
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Accord (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Labour Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Others}};&quot; |
|-
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |4 ga Fabrairu
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |[[Rivers State Governorship Debate Group|Kungiyar Tattaunawar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers]]
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Lulu-Briggs}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Tonye Cole|Cole]]}}}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Beatrice Itubo|Itubo]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|[[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Magnus Abe|Abe]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#A2B2C2;&quot; |'''NI'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Multiple}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;/&gt;
|}

=== Zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:14px;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Kungiyar zabe / abokin ciniki
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar Aikin Gida&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Samfurin samfur&lt;br /&gt;
![[Fayil:Tonye_Cole.jpg|80x80px]]
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''PDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''SDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ba a yanke shawara ba
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Babu wani amsa / Babu wani amsa/An ƙi
|-
!Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Magnus Ngei Abe|Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/pdps-siminalayi-fubara-has-a-narrow-lead-in-a-severely-fragmented-race NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Oktoba 2022
|500
|14%
|11%
|6%
|12%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 4%; [[Tekena Iyagba]] (BP): 3%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Other candidates: 3%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''37%'''
|20%{{Efn|Refused: 18%; None: 2%}}
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/rivers-pdps-siminalayi-fubara-maintains-lead-but-sdps-magnus-abe-has-momentum NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Fabrairu 2023
|N/A
|10%
|20%
|11%
|11%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 6%; [[Dawari George]] (AA): 2%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Victor Tamie Fingesi: 1%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''23%'''
|25%{{Efn|Refused: 24%; None: 1%}}
|-
|}

== Tsinkaya ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!Tushen
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tsinkaya
!Ya zuwa yanzu
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Nowrap|[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]{{efn|AfricaElects projections predict the likelihood of a candidate winning a state by categorizing a state as &quot;Safe&quot; for exceedingly likely, &quot;Likely&quot; for somewhat likely, and &quot;Lean&quot; for least likely. If no clear determination could be made, states are categorized as &quot;tossups&quot;.}}}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Africa Elects ratings&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Elimian |first=Adrian |title=Nigerian Gubernatorial Elections: State Ratings |url=https://africaelects.com/2023/03/18/nigerian-gubernatorial-elections-state-ratings/ |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00c00e&quot; |Wataƙila Fubara
|17 Maris 2023
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |Ya isa ya isa ya zama {{Nowrap|[[SBM Intelligence]]{{efn|EiE-SBM projections predict which candidates will win states.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;EiE-SBM March projections&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=The EiE-SBM 2023 Election forecast: Diminished interest in state elections will make for poor outcomes |url=https://www.sbmintel.com/2023/03/the-eie-sbm-2023-election-forecast-diminished-interest-in-state-elections-will-make-for-poor-outcomes/ |website=SBM Intelligence |date=2 March 2023 |access-date=16 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#009404&quot; |Fubara
|2 ga Maris 2023
|-
|}

== Halin da ake yi ==

=== Lokaci na zaɓe ===
{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|Electoral timetable|hat=no}}

== Babban Zabe ==

=== Sakamakon ===
{{Election box begin no change|title=2023 Rivers State gubernatorial election}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dumo Lulu-Briggs|party=Accord (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dawari George]]|party=Action Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Victor Tamie Fingesi]]|party=Action Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Leesi Gabriel Gborogbosi|party=Action Peoples Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dada Joseph Ngechu Obele]]|party=African Action Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonte Ibraye]]|party=African Democratic Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Faye-Ofori Churchill]]|party=Allied Peoples Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonye Cole]]|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=95,274|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Ugochukwu Prince Beke]]|party=All Progressives Grand Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tekena Iyagba]]|party=Boot Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Beatrice Itubo]]|party=Labour Party (Nigeria)|votes=22,224|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Sam Agwor]]|party=New Nigeria Peoples Party|votes=335|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Jackrich Sobomabo]]|party=National Rescue Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Siminalayi Fubara]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=302,614|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Magnus Abe]]|party=Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Danagogo Wenike-Briggs]]|party=Young Progressives Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Leyii Kwanee]]|party=Zenith Labour Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

==== Ta hanyar gundumar sanata ====
Sakamakon zaben ta gundumar sanata.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gundumar Sanata
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gundumar Sanatan Rivers ta Gabas|Gundumar Sanata ta Gabas ta Rivers]]{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]], [[Etche]], [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]], [[Obio-Akpor]], [[Ogu–Bolo]], [[Okrika]], [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]], and [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Kogin Kudu maso Gabas na Gundumar Sanata{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]], [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]], [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]], [[Opobo–Nkoro]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Sanata ta Yammacin Kogin{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]], [[Ahoada East]], [[Ahoada West]], [[Akuku-Toru]], [[Asari-Toru]], [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]], [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]], and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar mazabar tarayya ====
Sakamakon zaben ta mazabar tarayya.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mazabar Tarayya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Abua/Odua/Ahoada Gabashin Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]] and [[Ahoada East]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ahoada West/Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ahoada East]] and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Tarayyar Akuku Toru / Asari Toru{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Akuku-Toru]] and [[Asari-Toru]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Andoni/Opobo/Nkoro Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]] and [[Opobo–Nkoro]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Degema / Bonny Mazabar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]] and [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Eleme/Oyigbo/Tai Tarayyar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Yankin Etche/Omuma na Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Etche]] and [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ikwerre/Emohua Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]] and [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Khana/Gokana Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]] and [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Obio/Akpor Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government area of [[Obio-Akpor]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Okrika/Ogu/Bolo Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ogu–Bolo]] and [[Okrika]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Port Harcourt I Majalisa ta Tarayya da Port Harcoort II Majalisa na Tarayya{{Efn|Together comprising the local government area of [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}{{Efn|These two constituencies are within a single LGA. As this table does not differentiate between intra-LGA results, these figures are for the entire LGA which is the same as the data for both constituencies.}}&lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar karamar hukuma ====
Sakamakon zaben ta karamar hukuma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |LGA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kashi na masu halarta
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Abua–Odual|Abua-Odual]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,738
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,763
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |463
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |712
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,676
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Gabas|Ahoada Gabas]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,650
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,408
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,077
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |903
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,038
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Yamma|Ahoada Yamma]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,883
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,425
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,063
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |775
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,146
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Akuku-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,724
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,273
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |222
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |931
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |11,150
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Andoni]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,149
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,319
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1185
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |618
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Asari-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,209
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |12,663
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |179
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |18,322
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Bonny (Rivers)|Bonny]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,285
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,032
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |559
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,571
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,447
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Degema]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,437
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |579
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,006
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,129
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,414
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,251
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |920
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,247
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Emohua
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,916
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,600
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |805
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,270
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Etche|Ƙarƙashin]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,043
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,586
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,283
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |26,320
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gokana]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,455
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,840
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |755
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ikwerre]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,716
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Khana]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Obio-Akpor|Rashin amincewa da Akpor]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,056
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,083
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni|Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,729
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,450
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,391
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |7,103
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |310
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |528
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Okrika|Yankin]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,342
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Omuma]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,760
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Oyigbo]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Port Harcourt (ƙaramar hukuma)|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Harcourt]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |26,892
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Tai]]
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== Dubi kuma ==

* Zaben Najeriya na 2023
* [[Zaben gwamnonin Najeriya 2023|Zaben gwamna na Najeriya na 2023]]

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{2023 Nigeria elections}}{{Elections in Rivers State}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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An gudanar da Zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na shekarar 2023, a ranar 18 ga watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2023, don zabar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers, tare da Zaɓen Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers da sauran zabukan gwamna ashirin da bakwai da zaɓen duk sauran gidajen majalisa na jihar.[1][2] Za a gudanar da zaben - wanda aka jinkirta daga ranar 11 ga watan Maris - makonni uku bayan Zaben shugaban kasa da zaben Majalisar Dokoki.[3] Gwamnan PDP mai ci Ezenwo Nyesom Wike yana da iyakacin wa'adi, kuma ba zai iya neman sake zaben zuwa wa'adi na uku ba.

An shirya zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyya tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 9 ga Yunin shekarar 2022 tare da Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party da ta zabi tsohon mai ba da lissafi na jihar [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a ranar 25 ga Mayu yayin da All Progressives Congress ta zabi dan kasuwa Tonye Cole a ranar 26 ga Mayu.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ibunge |first=Blessing |title=Rivers Accountant General, Fubara, Wins PDP Governorship Primary |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/05/26/rivers-accountant-general-fubara-wins-pdp-governorship-primary/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[ThisDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 May 2022 |title=Tonye Cole wins Rivers APC governorship ticket |url=https://gazettengr.com/tonye-cole-wins-rivers-apc-governorship-ticket/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]] |publisher=[[News Agency of Nigeria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, hukuncin Babban Kotun Tarayya ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC amma Kotun daukaka kara ta soke hukuncin a watan Janairun 2023 .&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sanusi |first=Abiodun |last2=Naku |first2=Dennis |date=25 October 2022 |title=JUST IN: Court nullifies APC primaries in Rivers |url=https://punchng.com/just-in-court-nullifies-apc-primaries-in-rivers/ |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=20 January 2023 |title=Court nullifies suit against Rivers APC gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/court-nullifies-suit-against-rivers-apc-gov-candidate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan an kammala tattarawa a ranar da ta biyo bayan zaben, INEC ta ayyana Fubara a matsayin mai nasara. A cikin sakamakon hukuma, Fubara ya lashe kusan kuri'u 303,000 (~ 63% na kuri'un) don kayar da Cole da kusan kuri'un 95,000 (20% na kuri'u), Abe da kusan kuriʼu 47,000 (~ 10% na kuri'a), da Itubo da kusan kuri&quot; 22,000 (5% na kuri'an). Sakamakon nan da nan ne 'yan wasan da suka zo na biyu suka ki amincewa da shi saboda rahotanni da yawa game da rashin daidaito da tashin hankali.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cole rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okwa |first=Reuben |date=21 March 2023 |title=Tonye Cole, Others Reject Rivers Gov Election Result, Demand Cancellation |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/03/21/tonye-cole-others-reject-rivers-governorship-election-result-demand-cancellation/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Channels TV]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Abe rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=8 April 2023 |title=Rivers guber: We'll challenge election results, SDP's Abe insists |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/rivers-guber-well-challenge-election-results-sdps-abe-insists/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Itubo rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chukwu |first=Ignatius |date=19 March 2023 |title=Labour Party rejects outcome of Saturday elections in Rivers |url=https://businessday.ng/nigeriadecidesliveupdates/article/labour-party-rejects-outcome-of-saturday-elections-in-rivers/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shari'ar kalubalen shari'a da ta biyo baya ta kai [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]], wacce ta tabbatar da zaben Fubara a cikin hukunce-hukuncen da aka yanke a watan Janairun 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;Supreme Court upholds Fubara victory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=UPDATED: Supreme Court affirms Rivers governor, Fubara's election |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/661993-updated-supreme-court-affirms-rivers-governor-fubaras-election.html |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zabe ==
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zabe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu, tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u, da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

== Tarihi ==
Jihar Rivers jihar ce mai yawan jama'a, jiha daban-daban a Kudu tare da manyan man fetur da gas na halitta tare da cibiyoyin masana'antu. Duk da yawan kudaden shigar da man fetur, jihar tana da manyan batutuwa da yawa tare da 'yan fashi da' yan bindigar man fetur ba bisa ka'ida ba a yankunan kogi yayin da yankunan birane ke da yawan jama'a da gurɓataccen muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A siyasance, zaben 2019 ya kasance ci gaba da ikon PDP na jihar yayin da rashin iyawar APC na jihar don gudanar da zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da rashin cancanta ta kotun. Dan takarar shugaban kasa na PDP [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya lashe jihar da kashi 50% kuma jam'iyyar [[Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|ya sami dukkan kujerun majalisar dattijai guda uku]] yayin da ta mamaye [[Zaben Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|Zaben Majalisar Wakilai]]. A matakin jiha, PDP ta kuma [[2019 Rivers State House of Assembly election|riƙewa]] mafi rinjaye a Majalisar Dokoki kuma Wike ta lashe [[Zaben gwamna na Jihar Legas na 2019|Zaben gwamna]] da yawa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin wa'adin Wike, manufofin wa'adinsa na biyu sune ababen more rayuwa, horo na kasafin kudi, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da hadin kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dangane da aikinsa, an yaba wa Wike don ci gaban ababen more rayuwa, inganta kiwon lafiya, saka hannun jari a wasanni, da turawa kan bunker mai ba bisa ka'ida ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, an soki gwamnatinsa saboda jinkirin watanni na kafa majalisa, sanarwar da ya yi na Rivers a matsayin &quot;jiha ta Kirista&quot; da kuma mummunar martani ga rushewar masallaci, kashe biliyoyin naira don siyan motocin alatu ga 'yan majalisa da alƙalai, ƙoƙarin hana zanga-zangar ba bisa ka'ida ba a lokacin tsawo na zanga-zambe na SARS na 2020, da ya ga damuwa da fara rikice-rikice-rikici na jama'a tare da wasu jami'an da aka zaba, biyan albashi da fansho ba bisa ka-zangar gwamnati ba, da rashin girmamawa    masu mulki na gargajiya   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kevin-Alerechi |first=Elfredah |date=14 October 2020 |title=Rivers residents groan as Wike spends N3.4 billion on luxury cars for judges, politicians |url=https://gazettengr.com/rivers-residents-groan-as-wike-spends-n3-4-billion-on-luxury-cars-for-judges-politicians/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 October 2020 |title=Nigerians React As Gov Wike Bans #EndSARS Protest In Rivers |url=https://www.theheritagetimes.com/nigerians-react-as-gov-wike-bans-endsars-protest-in-rivers/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=The Heritage Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 March 2022 |title=Ranking Nigerian Governors Feb/March 2022: APC Govs' dirty fight, Sanwo-Olu's BRT snag, Wike's uncouthness, Umahi's meltdown |url=https://www.ripplesnigeria.com/ranking-nigerian-governors-feb-march-2022-apc-govs-dirty-fight-sanwo-olus-brt-snag-wikes-uncouthness-umahis-meltdown/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Ripples Nigeria]] |quote=Though we acknowledge Wike's reported passion for his party and other issues, we, however, frown at his constant ranting and hurling of insults, and issuing of threats against his opponents— in their ever-increasing number and classification. We believe Governor Wike will do well for himself in taking one or two lessons in diplomacy, civility in public communication and the gentlemanly requirement for public office holders.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Opara |first=George |date=21 May 2022 |title=2023: Wike pushes for presidency amidst opposition from home turf |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/05/21/2023-wike-pushes-for-presidency-amidst-opposition-from-home-turf/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyebade |first=Wole |date=12 February 2020 |title=Wike's disrespect for ancient stool and the victims |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/wikes-disrespect-for-ancient-stool-and-the-victims/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wike kuma ya zo da wuta saboda yunkurin mulkin mallaka don murkushe 'yan adawa ta hanyar hana zanga-zangar sau da yawa kuma mafi mahimmanci, lokacin da aka kama abokin hamayyarsa a cikin jam'iyya kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] kuma aka ɗaure shi makonni don hana shi yin takarar gwamna.&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police arrest federal lawmaker on Wike's order |url=https://punchng.com/police-arrest-federal-lawmaker-on-wikes-order/ |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police execute Wike's order, arrest PDP governorship aspirant |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627165453/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-date=27 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani mahimmin tushen jayayya shine yadda yake kula da kisan gillar Oy[[Inyamurai|Ibo]] a watan Nuwamba 2020, lokacin da ma'aikatan [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojoji]] suka kai hari kan samari na Igbo a [[Oyigbo]] bayan da IPOB ta kashe sojoji biyar; Wike akai-akai ya musanta duk wani laifi na Sojoji kuma ya tabbatar da mamayar soja na mako-mako na yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Taiwo-Hassan |date=23 November 2020 |title=investigation: Inside the horrific bloodshed and massive extrajudicial killings in Nigeria's Oyigbo community |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/427469-investigation-inside-the-horrific-bloodshed-and-massive-extrajudicial-killings-in-nigerias-oyigbo-community.html |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Princewill |first=Nimi |last2=Kevin-Alerechi |first2=Elfredah |date=2 November 2020 |title=Oyigbo Killings: Nigerian soldiers on reprisal attacks against IPOB elements: Wike |url=https://gazettengr.com/oyigbo-killings-nigerian-soldiers-on-reprisal-attacks-against-ipob-elements-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zaben fidda gwani ==
Za a gudanar da zaben fidda gwani, tare da duk wani kalubale da zai iya samu ga sakamakon fidda gwamna, tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 3 ga Yuni 2022 amma an tsawaita lokacin zuwa 9 ga Yuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;New Dates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jimoh |first=Abbas |date=26 February 2022 |title=INEC Sets New Dates For 2023 General Elections |url=https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=[[Daily Trust]] |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725032251/https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugabannin kabilun kamar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] sun yi kira ga jam'iyyun da su zabi wanda ba Ikwerre ba kamar yadda Ikwerres suka rike gwamna tun 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, duk da samar da kashi mai yawa na yawan mutanen Rivers, babu wani Ogoni da ya taɓa rike gwamna ko mataimakin gwamna, wanda ya haifar da kira don tsarawa na jam'iyyun ga gundumar Sanata ta Kudu maso Gabas ta Ogoni. Wadannan kira, tare da wasu da'awar cewa gwamnan ya kamata ya juya tsakanin yankunan tsaunuka da yankunan kogi, sun haifar da matsin lamba ga jam'iyyun don zabar wani daga yankunan kudancin ko kuma musamman, yankunan Ogoni-mafi yawan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga 'yan takara daga sauran gundumomi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Godwin |first=Ann |date=31 May 2021 |title=Search for Wike's successor roils Rivers as Ogoni eyes 2023 |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/search-for-wikes-successor-roils-rivers-as-ogoni-eyes-2023/ |access-date=2 August 2021 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta tsara gabatarwa, duka APC da PDP sun zabi 'yan siyasa daga yankunan kogi.

=== Dukkanin Majalisa Masu Ci gaba ===
Rikici mai tsawo tsakanin tsohon gwamnan da Ministan Sufuri na tarayya [[Rotimi Amaechi]] da tsohon Sanata [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] wanda ya haifar da rashin cancanta na Rivers APC a cikin 2019 ya ci gaba da gaba da zaben fidda gwani yayin da ƙungiyoyinsu suka gudanar da majalisa daban-daban kuma suka zabi shugabanci daban-daban a cikin 2021; shugabancin APC na kasa daga baya ya yarda da sakamakon majalisa da Amaechi ke tallafawa a matsayin halatta. A matsayin fadada rikicin jam'iyya, akwai rikice-rikice a cikin Rivers APC game da yiwuwar zoning zaben gwamna yayin da Amaechi ke goyon bayan zoning zuwa Kudu maso Gabas yayin da Abe ya yi yaƙi da yanke shawara ta zoning.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Renew Battle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odufowokan |first='Dare |title=Rivers 2023: Amaechi, Abe renew battle for soul of APC |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/rivers-2023-amaechi-abe-renew-battle-for-soul-of-apc/ |access-date=25 November 2021 |website=The Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, ya bayyana a fili cewa ba a warware rikicin jam'iyyar ba yayin da Amaechi da abokansa suka hadu don zabar &quot;dan takarar jam'iyya,&quot; suna sulhunta da Tonye Cole wanda zai kasance dan takarar APC a shekarar 2019 idan ba a dakatar da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake wasu masu neman shiga sun amince da shirin kuma sun fice, Abe da abokan hulɗarsa sun bayyana a fili cewa ba su amince da Cole a matsayin zaɓin jam'iyyar ba tare da wani dan siyasa mai haɗin kai na Abe yana ba'a da Cole a matsayinsa na &quot;abokin kasuwanci na&quot; Amaechi .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, akwai zanga-zangar wasu a cikin jam'iyyar da suka yi tir da tsarin da ba a sani ba da kuma zaɓin Cole saboda bai taɓa rike mukamin da aka zaba ba kuma ana zaton ba shi da tsarin siyasa a jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rashin amincewa, jam'iyyar ta tabbatar da Cole a matsayin zabin yarjejeniya; kodayake sanarwar manema labarai ta lura cewa tunda taron ba tsari ne na jam'iyya ba, Cole ba shi ne wanda aka zaba a hukumance ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, goyon bayan jam'iyyar Cole bai warware gardamar ba yayin da wasu 'yan takara suka yi tambaya game da zaɓin da tsarinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|All Progressives Congress|paragraphs=2|hat=no}}A cikin kwanaki kafin zaben fidda gwani, rikicin jam'iyyar ya kara zurfi yayin da sansanin Abe ya ki amincewa da majalisa na wakilai na wucin gadi kuma ya yi zanga-zanga a sakatariyar jam'iyyar ta jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar farko, Abe ya kauracewa kuma ya ki amincewa da ayyukan fidda gwani kafin a gudanar da zaben fidda gwini kai tsaye kuma ya haifar da Cole ya fito a matsayin dan takarar APC bayan sakamakon ya nuna Cole ya lashe sama da kashi 77% na kuri'un wakilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin jawabinsa na karɓa, Cole ya gode wa wakilai da Amaechi kafin ya nemi Abe da sauransu su haɗa kai da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt; Zai tafi kan zaɓaɓɓen tsohon MHA Innocent Barikor - ɗan kabilar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] daga [[Gokana]] - a matsayin abokin aikinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 June 2022 |title=2023: Rivers APC Picks Barikor As Running Mate to Cole |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628065309/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |archive-date=28 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rokon hadin kai, Abe da wasu tsoffin 'yan takarar firamare biyu sun bar jam'iyyar a watan Yuli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abe zai ci gaba da samun zaben gwamna na SDP.&lt;ref name=&quot;SDP primary&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=30 July 2022 |title=Magnus Abe emerges Rivers SDP gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/breaking-magnus-abe-emerges-rivers-sdp-gov-candidate/ |access-date=3 August 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, karar da aka shigar daga wakilan da ke goyon bayan Abe waɗanda suka yi zargin cewa an hana su ikon yin zabe a zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da soke zaben fidda gashin gashin gashi na APC ta Babban Kotun Tarayya a ranar 25 ga Oktoba. &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; Rivers APC ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin, tana mai cewa kotun ba ta da iko a kan batun jam'iyya na ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; Kotun daukaka kara ta goyi bayan APC a watan Janairun 2023, ta sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;/&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* Tonye Cole: ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan tsohon jakadan [[Patrick Dele-Cole]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nwisi |first=Rosemary |date=11 April 2022 |title=Dakuku, Cole, Princewill, George, six others join Rivers APC gov race |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/dakuku-cole-princewill-george-six-others-join-rivers-apc-gov-race/ |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abokin aiki - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;[3]
** Abokin gudu - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi ====

* [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]: member of the [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|NNPC]] Board (2020–present) and former senator for Rivers South East (2011–2015; 2016–2019) (defected after the primary to successfully run in the SDP gubernatorial primary)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;
* [[Sokonte Davies]]: former [[Hukumar Tashar Jirgin ruwa ta Nijeriya|Nigerian Ports Authority]] official&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]: former [[Asari-Toru]] Local Government Chairman&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Ibinabo Michael West: former Commissioner for Transportation&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Bernard Mikko]]: former [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|House of Representatives]] member for Khana/Gokana (1999–2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== Ya janye ====

* [[Biokpomabo Awara]]: 2019 AAC mai gabatarwa gwamna &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;
* [[Francis Ada Ebenezer]]: mai lissafi da mai wa'azi &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dawari George]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Akuku Toru / Asari Toru kuma tsohon Kwamishinan Makamashi da albarkatun kasa (ya sauya sheka bayan zaben fidda gwani don samun nasarar gudanarwa a zaben fidda gashin gwani na AA) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dakuku Peterside]]: tsohon Darakta Janar na [[Hukumar Kula da Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya|Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Tsaro ta Najeriya]] (2016-2020), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Andoni-[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]] (2011-2015), wanda aka zaba a matsayin gwamna na APC na 2015, tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka (2007-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Opobo-Nkuro (2002-2003) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tonye Princewill]]: 2015 LP gwamna noman, 2007 AC gwamna nomin, kuma ɗan tsohon Amanyanabo na Kalabari Kingdom Theophilus J.T. Princewill (ya fice bayan firamare) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Mina Tende]]: tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar [[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=APC primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Tonye Cole]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=986|percentage=77.58%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=190|percentage=14.95%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Sokonte Davies]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=49|percentage=3.86%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ibinabo Michael West]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=43|percentage=3.38%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Bernard Mikko]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=2|percentage=0.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Magnus Abe]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=1|percentage=0.08%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}Ba kamar jam'iyyar APC ta jihar ba, Rivers PDP ba ta fuskanci rikice-rikicen cikin gida kai tsaye a gaban jam'iyyar fidda gwani yayin da Wike ke da iko kai tsaye a kan yawancin jam'iyyar. Koyaya, yayin da firamare ke gabatowa, gwagwarmaya kan hanyar firamare da salon jagorancin Wike ya fara bayyanawa daga rahotanni wanda ya kai ga babban zanga-zanga a sakatariyar Rivers PDP a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mai goyon bayan zanga-zangar kuma abokin hamayyar Wike, memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] yana neman gwamna har sai Wike ya zargi Dagogo da tallafawa 'yan fashi don kai hari kan sakatariyar jam'iyyar a ranar 27 ga Afrilu kuma ya umarci' yan sanda su kama shi ranar da ta gabata kafin binciken gwamna na PDP.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagogo, wanda ya riga ya sayi kuma ya gabatar da fom don yin takara a zaben fidda gwani, ya yi ƙoƙari ya halarci aikin tantance jam'iyya a ranar 28 ga Afrilu amma 'yan sanda suka tsare shi kuma suka tsare shi a kurkuku har abada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mataimakan Dagogo tare da kungiyoyin farar hula sun yi tir da kama shi a matsayin manufa ta siyasa kuma sun yi kira ga a saki Dagogo amma PDP kawai ta hana shi daga zaben fidda gwani saboda 'rashin halarta a tantancewa.'   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released|access-date=3 May 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSERAP2022&quot;&gt;SERAP [@SERAPNigeria] (30 April 2022). [https://x.com/SERAPNigeria/status/1520428431246307338 &quot;Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released&quot;] ([[Tweet (social media)|Tweet]])&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;3 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt; &amp;#x2013; via [[Twitter]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=May 2022 |title=16 Governorship Aspirants Scale PDP Screening In Rivers |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/16-governorship-aspirants-scale-pdp-screening-in-rivers/ |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Adamawa State gubernatorial election|People's Democratic Party|paragraphs=1|hat=no}}In the days directly before the primary, reports emerged that Wike had settled on [[Siminalayi Fubara]]—the immediate past Accountant General of Rivers State—as his preferred candidate despite the [[Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta EFCC|Economic and Financial Crimes Commission]] declaring Fubara wanted for fraud on 24 May.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the primary date, the candidates contested an indirect primary that ended with Fubara's nomination after results showed him winning over 81% of the delegates' votes; several other candidates did not attend the event.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his acceptance speech, Fubara vowed to continue the work of the Wike administration. After the primary, it was noted that Fubara's riverine origin and [[Mutanen Ijaw|Ijaw ethnicity]] were a move in favor of a power shift after Wike's governorship.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt; However, Fubara still faced opposition from the EFCC as agents attempted to arrest him on 8 June and were stopped by Fubara's armed thugs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite his status as a fugitive, Fubara commenced his campaign and selected [[Ngozi Odu]]—a former commissioner from [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]]—as his running mate later in June.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 June 2022 |title=NGOZI ODU IS RIVERS PDP DEPUTY GOVERNORSHIP CANDIDATE |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622095319/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* [[Siminalayi Fubara]]: tsohon Babban Mai ba da lissafi na jihar&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=13 April 2022 |title=Wike's aides resign, 13 aspirants jostle for PDP ticket |url=https://punchng.com/wikes-aides-resign-13-aspirants-jostle-for-pdp-ticket/ |access-date=14 April 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt; Matashi mai gudu - Ngozi Odu: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi[4]
** Mataki mai gudu - [[Ngozi Odu]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi a firamare ====

* David Briggs: tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;
* Abieatedoghu Bob-Abbey Hart: 2015 PDP shugaban kasa dan takara &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Tammy Danagogo: Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2019-2022) kuma tsohon Ministan Wasanni (2014-2015) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Dax George-Kelly: tsohon mai ba da shawara ga Gwamna Wike&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tele Ikuru]]: tsohon [[Mataimakin gwamnan Jihar Rivers|Mataimakin Gwamna]] (2007; 2007-2015), tsohon Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane (2004-2006), tsohon Kwamishina na Aikin Gona da Albarkatun Halitta (1999-2003), kuma dan uwan tsohon Shugaban PDP na kasa Uche Secondus &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot; /&gt;
* [[Boma Iyaye]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Wasanni (2008-2009; 2009-2011; 2015-2022) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Ogu-Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Isaac Kamalu: tsohon Kwamishinan Kudi (2019-2022), tsohon Kwamishina na Kasafin Kudi da Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki (2015-2019), kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dattijai na Eleme (2007-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Lee Maeba]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2003-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odiegwu |first=Mike |title=Cracks as Rivers PDP mulls consensus governorship candidate |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/cracks-as-rivers-pdp-mulls-consensus-governorship-candidate/ |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Olaka Nwogu]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2015-2016), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na [[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]] / Oyigbo / Tai (1999-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Eleme &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Felix A. Obuah]]: tsohon Shugaban PDP na Jihar Rivers&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Austin Opara]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Port Harcourt II (1999-2007) kuma tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Wakili &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[George Thompson Sekibo]]: Sanata na Rivers East (2007-2017; 2019-yanzu) da kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Okrika / Ogu / Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Precious Sekibo: tsohon Ministan Sufuri (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Morgan Tom-West  &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== An hana shi ta kwamitin tantancewa ====

* [[Farah Dagogo]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Degema / Bonny (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Degema (wanda aka hana shi saboda rashin halarta a gwajin gwaji) &lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;

==== Ya ƙi ====

* [[Dum Dekor|Dunamene Dekor]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Khana / Gokana (2019-yanzu), tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka, kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar na Khana II &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;
* Kenneth Kobani: tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2015-2019) kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Masana'antu, Ciniki da Zuba Jari &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;
* [[Barry Mpigi]]: Sanata na Rivers Kudu maso Gabas (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Eleme / Oyigbo / Tai (2011-2019) &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=PDP primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Siminalayi Fubara]]}}|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=721|percentage=81.01%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Isaac Kamalu]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=86|percentage=9.66%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dax George-Kelly|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=37|percentage=4.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tammy Danagogo]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=36|percentage=4.04%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=David Briggs|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Morgan Tom-West]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Felix A. Obuah]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=2|percentage=0.22%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Other candidates|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=0|percentage=0.00%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

=== Ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ===
 

== Yaƙin neman zaɓe ==
Nan da nan bayan zaben fidda gwani, masu sharhi sun rarraba zaben a matsayin gwagwarmaya tsakanin gwamnan mai barin gado [[Ezenwo Wike|Ezenwo Nyesom Wike]] (PDP) da tsohon gwamnan [[Rotimi Amaechi]] (APC) duk da kasancewa zaben gwamnan Jihar Rivers na farko tun 2003 wanda babu Wike ko Amaechi 'yan takara.{{Efn|Although Amaechi's name was not on the ballot in the [[2007 Rivers State gubernatorial election|2007 election]], he successfully sued to be a legitimate candidate.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fubara da Cole suna da alaƙa sosai da Wike da Amaechi, bi da bi, wanda ya haifar da lakabin babban zaben a matsayin ci gaba da gwagwarmayar iko tsakanin su biyu. Koyaya, fitowar [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] - tsohon sanata wanda ya shafe shekaru yana jayayya da Amaechi kan kula da APC na jihar - yayin da dan takarar SDP ya kara da rashin tabbas ga zaben. Abubuwa mafi mahimmanci sun haɗa da shari'ar cin hanci da rashawa ta Fubara da kuma rikici na Wike da PDP na kasa game da sakamakon zaben fidda gwani na shugaban kasa, wanda ya rasa a watan Mayu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci a watan Oktoba 2022 wanda ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; An kwatanta hukuncin da sauri da irin wannan hukuncin da ya hana Rivers APC shiga gasar a shekarar 2019; &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; jam'iyyar ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin kuma ta yi alkawarin yin takara a zaben.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan da ya biyo baya, a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, an saki zaben farko na jama'a - wanda NIO Polls ya gudanar kuma Gidauniyar Anap ta ba da izini - don tseren tare da nuna filin da aka raba sosai wanda Fubara ya jagoranci yayin da Cole (wanda aka haɗa duk da hukuncin kotu) da Abe suka biyo baya a karo na biyu da na uku, bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayin da zaben ya kusa, an sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba ta hanyar Kotun daukaka kara a watan Janairun 2023. A watan da ya biyo baya, kungiyar Rivers State Governorship Debate Group ta gudanar da muhawara a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu; Abe, Cole, da kuma dan takarar LP Beatrice Itubo sun halarci yayin da Fubara da dan takarar Accord Dumo Lulu-Briggs ba su nan.&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 February 2023 |title=2023 polls: Rivers PDP guber candidate, Sim Fubara shuns debate |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/20/2023-polls-rivers-pdp-guber-candidate-sim-fubara-shuns-debate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya a watan Fabrairu, mayar da hankali ga zaben shugaban kasa da ke gabatowa a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu. A cikin zaben, Jihar Rivers ta zabi [[Bola Tinubu]] (APC) a cikin gardama; sakamakon da aka ayyana ya nuna Tinubu ya lashe jihar da kashi 44.2% na kuri'un don kayar da Peter Obi (LP) da kashi 33.4% da [[Atiku Abubakar]] (PDP) da kashi 16.9%. Zaben, wanda ya cika da rashin daidaito da zarge-zargen zamba, ya haifar da sabuntawa ga tseren gwamna yayin da rahotanni na tsangwama na zaben da Wike ya jagoranta don goyon bayan Tinubu ya haifar da damuwa game da irin wannan kokarin ga Fubara. Masu sharhi sun lura da yiwuwar rashin jin daɗi na masu jefa kuri'a saboda ma'anar cewa ainihin kuri'un ba su da tasiri ga sakamakon da aka sanar saboda rahotanni masu yawa daga Fabrairu tare da tsoron tashin hankali da aka yi niyya a sansanonin adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran abubuwan da masana suka yi la'akari da su sun haɗa da yanayin siyasa mai rikitarwa, tsattsauran ra'ayi game da wadanda ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba, da ci gaba da kai hare-hare kan masu adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tattaunawar zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|+Muhawara game da zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na 2023
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Masu shirya taron
! colspan=&quot;7&quot; |&lt;{{Font color|black|#FF9090|&amp;nbsp;A&amp;nbsp;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Accord (Nijeriya)|A]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Nigeria Labour Party|LP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |Sauran jam'iyyun
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Accord (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Labour Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Others}};&quot; |
|-
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |4 ga Fabrairu
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |[[Rivers State Governorship Debate Group|Kungiyar Tattaunawar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers]]
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Lulu-Briggs}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Tonye Cole|Cole]]}}}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Beatrice Itubo|Itubo]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|[[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Magnus Abe|Abe]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#A2B2C2;&quot; |'''NI'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Multiple}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;/&gt;
|}

=== Zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:14px;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Kungiyar zabe / abokin ciniki
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar Aikin Gida&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Samfurin samfur&lt;br /&gt;
![[Fayil:Tonye_Cole.jpg|80x80px]]
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''PDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''SDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ba a yanke shawara ba
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Babu wani amsa / Babu wani amsa/An ƙi
|-
!Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Magnus Ngei Abe|Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/pdps-siminalayi-fubara-has-a-narrow-lead-in-a-severely-fragmented-race NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Oktoba 2022
|500
|14%
|11%
|6%
|12%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 4%; [[Tekena Iyagba]] (BP): 3%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Other candidates: 3%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''37%'''
|20%{{Efn|Refused: 18%; None: 2%}}
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/rivers-pdps-siminalayi-fubara-maintains-lead-but-sdps-magnus-abe-has-momentum NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Fabrairu 2023
|N/A
|10%
|20%
|11%
|11%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 6%; [[Dawari George]] (AA): 2%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Victor Tamie Fingesi: 1%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''23%'''
|25%{{Efn|Refused: 24%; None: 1%}}
|-
|}

== Tsinkaya ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!Tushen
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tsinkaya
!Ya zuwa yanzu
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Nowrap|[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]{{efn|AfricaElects projections predict the likelihood of a candidate winning a state by categorizing a state as &quot;Safe&quot; for exceedingly likely, &quot;Likely&quot; for somewhat likely, and &quot;Lean&quot; for least likely. If no clear determination could be made, states are categorized as &quot;tossups&quot;.}}}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Africa Elects ratings&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Elimian |first=Adrian |title=Nigerian Gubernatorial Elections: State Ratings |url=https://africaelects.com/2023/03/18/nigerian-gubernatorial-elections-state-ratings/ |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00c00e&quot; |Wataƙila Fubara
|17 Maris 2023
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |Ya isa ya isa ya zama {{Nowrap|[[SBM Intelligence]]{{efn|EiE-SBM projections predict which candidates will win states.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;EiE-SBM March projections&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=The EiE-SBM 2023 Election forecast: Diminished interest in state elections will make for poor outcomes |url=https://www.sbmintel.com/2023/03/the-eie-sbm-2023-election-forecast-diminished-interest-in-state-elections-will-make-for-poor-outcomes/ |website=SBM Intelligence |date=2 March 2023 |access-date=16 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#009404&quot; |Fubara
|2 ga Maris 2023
|-
|}

== Halin da ake yi ==

=== Lokaci na zaɓe ===
{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|Electoral timetable|hat=no}}

== Babban Zabe ==

=== Sakamakon ===
{{Election box begin no change|title=2023 Rivers State gubernatorial election}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dumo Lulu-Briggs|party=Accord (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dawari George]]|party=Action Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Victor Tamie Fingesi]]|party=Action Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Leesi Gabriel Gborogbosi|party=Action Peoples Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dada Joseph Ngechu Obele]]|party=African Action Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonte Ibraye]]|party=African Democratic Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Faye-Ofori Churchill]]|party=Allied Peoples Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonye Cole]]|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=95,274|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Ugochukwu Prince Beke]]|party=All Progressives Grand Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tekena Iyagba]]|party=Boot Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Beatrice Itubo]]|party=Labour Party (Nigeria)|votes=22,224|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Sam Agwor]]|party=New Nigeria Peoples Party|votes=335|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Jackrich Sobomabo]]|party=National Rescue Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Siminalayi Fubara]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=302,614|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Magnus Abe]]|party=Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Danagogo Wenike-Briggs]]|party=Young Progressives Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Leyii Kwanee]]|party=Zenith Labour Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

==== Ta hanyar gundumar sanata ====
Sakamakon zaben ta gundumar sanata.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gundumar Sanata
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gundumar Sanatan Rivers ta Gabas|Gundumar Sanata ta Gabas ta Rivers]]{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]], [[Etche]], [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]], [[Obio-Akpor]], [[Ogu–Bolo]], [[Okrika]], [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]], and [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Kogin Kudu maso Gabas na Gundumar Sanata{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]], [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]], [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]], [[Opobo–Nkoro]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Sanata ta Yammacin Kogin{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]], [[Ahoada East]], [[Ahoada West]], [[Akuku-Toru]], [[Asari-Toru]], [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]], [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]], and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar mazabar tarayya ====
Sakamakon zaben ta mazabar tarayya.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mazabar Tarayya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Abua/Odua/Ahoada Gabashin Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]] and [[Ahoada East]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ahoada West/Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ahoada East]] and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Tarayyar Akuku Toru / Asari Toru{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Akuku-Toru]] and [[Asari-Toru]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Andoni/Opobo/Nkoro Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]] and [[Opobo–Nkoro]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Degema / Bonny Mazabar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]] and [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Eleme/Oyigbo/Tai Tarayyar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Yankin Etche/Omuma na Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Etche]] and [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ikwerre/Emohua Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]] and [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Khana/Gokana Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]] and [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Obio/Akpor Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government area of [[Obio-Akpor]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Okrika/Ogu/Bolo Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ogu–Bolo]] and [[Okrika]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Port Harcourt I Majalisa ta Tarayya da Port Harcoort II Majalisa na Tarayya{{Efn|Together comprising the local government area of [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}{{Efn|These two constituencies are within a single LGA. As this table does not differentiate between intra-LGA results, these figures are for the entire LGA which is the same as the data for both constituencies.}}&lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar karamar hukuma ====
Sakamakon zaben ta karamar hukuma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |LGA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kashi na masu halarta
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Abua–Odual|Abua-Odual]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,738
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,763
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |463
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |712
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,676
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Gabas|Ahoada Gabas]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,650
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,408
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,077
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |903
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,038
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Yamma|Ahoada Yamma]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,883
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,425
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,063
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |775
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,146
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Akuku-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,724
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,273
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |222
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |931
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |11,150
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Andoni]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,149
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,319
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1185
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |618
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Asari-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,209
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |12,663
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |179
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |18,322
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Bonny (Rivers)|Bonny]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,285
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,032
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |559
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,571
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,447
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Degema]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,437
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |579
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,006
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,129
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,414
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |920
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,247
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Emohua
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,916
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,600
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |805
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,270
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Etche|Ƙarƙashin]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,043
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,586
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,283
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |26,320
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gokana]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,455
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,840
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |755
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ikwerre]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,716
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Khana]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Obio-Akpor|Rashin amincewa da Akpor]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,056
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,083
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni|Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,729
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,450
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,391
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |7,103
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |310
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Okrika|Yankin]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,342
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Omuma]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,760
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Oyigbo]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Port Harcourt (ƙaramar hukuma)|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Harcourt]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |26,892
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Tai]]
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== Dubi kuma ==

* Zaben Najeriya na 2023
* [[Zaben gwamnonin Najeriya 2023|Zaben gwamna na Najeriya na 2023]]

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{2023 Nigeria elections}}{{Elections in Rivers State}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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An gudanar da Zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na shekarar 2023, a ranar 18 ga watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2023, don zabar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers, tare da Zaɓen Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers da sauran zabukan gwamna ashirin da bakwai da zaɓen duk sauran gidajen majalisa na jihar.[1][2] Za a gudanar da zaben - wanda aka jinkirta daga ranar 11 ga watan Maris - makonni uku bayan Zaben shugaban kasa da zaben Majalisar Dokoki.[3] Gwamnan PDP mai ci Ezenwo Nyesom Wike yana da iyakacin wa'adi, kuma ba zai iya neman sake zaben zuwa wa'adi na uku ba.

An shirya zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyya tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 9 ga Yunin shekarar 2022 tare da Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party da ta zabi tsohon mai ba da lissafi na jihar [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a ranar 25 ga Mayu yayin da All Progressives Congress ta zabi dan kasuwa Tonye Cole a ranar 26 ga Mayu.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ibunge |first=Blessing |title=Rivers Accountant General, Fubara, Wins PDP Governorship Primary |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/05/26/rivers-accountant-general-fubara-wins-pdp-governorship-primary/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[ThisDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 May 2022 |title=Tonye Cole wins Rivers APC governorship ticket |url=https://gazettengr.com/tonye-cole-wins-rivers-apc-governorship-ticket/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]] |publisher=[[News Agency of Nigeria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, hukuncin Babban Kotun Tarayya ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC amma Kotun daukaka kara ta soke hukuncin a watan Janairun 2023 .&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sanusi |first=Abiodun |last2=Naku |first2=Dennis |date=25 October 2022 |title=JUST IN: Court nullifies APC primaries in Rivers |url=https://punchng.com/just-in-court-nullifies-apc-primaries-in-rivers/ |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=20 January 2023 |title=Court nullifies suit against Rivers APC gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/court-nullifies-suit-against-rivers-apc-gov-candidate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan an kammala tattarawa a ranar da ta biyo bayan zaben, INEC ta ayyana Fubara a matsayin mai nasara. A cikin sakamakon hukuma, Fubara ya lashe kusan ƙuri'u 303,000 (~ 63% na kuri'un) don kayar da Cole da kusan kuri'un 95,000 (20% na kuri'u), Abe da kusan kuriʼu 47,000 (~ 10% na kuri'a), da Itubo da kusan ƙuri&quot; 22,000 (5% na kuri'an). Sakamakon nan da nan ne 'yan wasan da suka zo na biyu suka ki amincewa da shi saboda rahotanni da yawa game da rashin daidaito da tashin hankali.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cole rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okwa |first=Reuben |date=21 March 2023 |title=Tonye Cole, Others Reject Rivers Gov Election Result, Demand Cancellation |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/03/21/tonye-cole-others-reject-rivers-governorship-election-result-demand-cancellation/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Channels TV]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Abe rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=8 April 2023 |title=Rivers guber: We'll challenge election results, SDP's Abe insists |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/rivers-guber-well-challenge-election-results-sdps-abe-insists/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Itubo rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chukwu |first=Ignatius |date=19 March 2023 |title=Labour Party rejects outcome of Saturday elections in Rivers |url=https://businessday.ng/nigeriadecidesliveupdates/article/labour-party-rejects-outcome-of-saturday-elections-in-rivers/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shari'ar kalubalen shari'a da ta biyo baya ta kai [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]], wacce ta tabbatar da zaben Fubara a cikin hukunce-hukuncen da aka yanke a watan Janairun 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;Supreme Court upholds Fubara victory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=UPDATED: Supreme Court affirms Rivers governor, Fubara's election |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/661993-updated-supreme-court-affirms-rivers-governor-fubaras-election.html |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zabe ==
Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zabe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu, tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u, da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

== Tarihi ==
Jihar Rivers jihar ce mai yawan jama'a, jiha daban-daban a Kudu tare da manyan man fetur da gas na halitta tare da cibiyoyin masana'antu. Duk da yawan kudaden shigar da man fetur, jihar tana da manyan batutuwa da yawa tare da 'yan fashi da' yan bindigar man fetur ba bisa ka'ida ba a yankunan kogi yayin da yankunan birane ke da yawan jama'a da gurɓataccen muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A siyasance, zaben 2019 ya kasance ci gaba da ikon PDP na jihar yayin da rashin iyawar APC na jihar don gudanar da zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da rashin cancanta ta kotun. Dan takarar shugaban kasa na PDP [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya lashe jihar da kashi 50% kuma jam'iyyar [[Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|ya sami dukkan kujerun majalisar dattijai guda uku]] yayin da ta mamaye [[Zaben Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|Zaben Majalisar Wakilai]]. A matakin jiha, PDP ta kuma [[2019 Rivers State House of Assembly election|riƙewa]] mafi rinjaye a Majalisar Dokoki kuma Wike ta lashe [[Zaben gwamna na Jihar Legas na 2019|Zaben gwamna]] da yawa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin wa'adin Wike, manufofin wa'adinsa na biyu sune ababen more rayuwa, horo na kasafin kudi, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da hadin kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dangane da aikinsa, an yaba wa Wike don ci gaban ababen more rayuwa, inganta kiwon lafiya, saka hannun jari a wasanni, da turawa kan bunker mai ba bisa ka'ida ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, an soki gwamnatinsa saboda jinkirin watanni na kafa majalisa, sanarwar da ya yi na Rivers a matsayin &quot;jiha ta Kirista&quot; da kuma mummunar martani ga rushewar masallaci, kashe biliyoyin naira don siyan motocin alatu ga 'yan majalisa da alƙalai, ƙoƙarin hana zanga-zangar ba bisa ka'ida ba a lokacin tsawo na zanga-zambe na SARS na 2020, da ya ga damuwa da fara rikice-rikice-rikici na jama'a tare da wasu jami'an da aka zaba, biyan albashi da fansho ba bisa ka-zangar gwamnati ba, da rashin girmamawa    masu mulki na gargajiya   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kevin-Alerechi |first=Elfredah |date=14 October 2020 |title=Rivers residents groan as Wike spends N3.4 billion on luxury cars for judges, politicians |url=https://gazettengr.com/rivers-residents-groan-as-wike-spends-n3-4-billion-on-luxury-cars-for-judges-politicians/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 October 2020 |title=Nigerians React As Gov Wike Bans #EndSARS Protest In Rivers |url=https://www.theheritagetimes.com/nigerians-react-as-gov-wike-bans-endsars-protest-in-rivers/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=The Heritage Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 March 2022 |title=Ranking Nigerian Governors Feb/March 2022: APC Govs' dirty fight, Sanwo-Olu's BRT snag, Wike's uncouthness, Umahi's meltdown |url=https://www.ripplesnigeria.com/ranking-nigerian-governors-feb-march-2022-apc-govs-dirty-fight-sanwo-olus-brt-snag-wikes-uncouthness-umahis-meltdown/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Ripples Nigeria]] |quote=Though we acknowledge Wike's reported passion for his party and other issues, we, however, frown at his constant ranting and hurling of insults, and issuing of threats against his opponents— in their ever-increasing number and classification. We believe Governor Wike will do well for himself in taking one or two lessons in diplomacy, civility in public communication and the gentlemanly requirement for public office holders.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Opara |first=George |date=21 May 2022 |title=2023: Wike pushes for presidency amidst opposition from home turf |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/05/21/2023-wike-pushes-for-presidency-amidst-opposition-from-home-turf/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyebade |first=Wole |date=12 February 2020 |title=Wike's disrespect for ancient stool and the victims |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/wikes-disrespect-for-ancient-stool-and-the-victims/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wike kuma ya zo da wuta saboda yunkurin mulkin mallaka don murkushe 'yan adawa ta hanyar hana zanga-zangar sau da yawa kuma mafi mahimmanci, lokacin da aka kama abokin hamayyarsa a cikin jam'iyya kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] kuma aka ɗaure shi makonni don hana shi yin takarar gwamna.&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police arrest federal lawmaker on Wike's order |url=https://punchng.com/police-arrest-federal-lawmaker-on-wikes-order/ |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police execute Wike's order, arrest PDP governorship aspirant |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627165453/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-date=27 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani mahimmin tushen jayayya shine yadda yake kula da kisan gillar Oy[[Inyamurai|Ibo]] a watan Nuwamba 2020, lokacin da ma'aikatan [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojoji]] suka kai hari kan samari na Igbo a [[Oyigbo]] bayan da IPOB ta kashe sojoji biyar; Wike akai-akai ya musanta duk wani laifi na Sojoji kuma ya tabbatar da mamayar soja na mako-mako na yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Taiwo-Hassan |date=23 November 2020 |title=investigation: Inside the horrific bloodshed and massive extrajudicial killings in Nigeria's Oyigbo community |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/427469-investigation-inside-the-horrific-bloodshed-and-massive-extrajudicial-killings-in-nigerias-oyigbo-community.html |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Princewill |first=Nimi |last2=Kevin-Alerechi |first2=Elfredah |date=2 November 2020 |title=Oyigbo Killings: Nigerian soldiers on reprisal attacks against IPOB elements: Wike |url=https://gazettengr.com/oyigbo-killings-nigerian-soldiers-on-reprisal-attacks-against-ipob-elements-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zaben fidda gwani ==
Za a gudanar da zaben fidda gwani, tare da duk wani kalubale da zai iya samu ga sakamakon fidda gwamna, tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 3 ga Yuni 2022 amma an tsawaita lokacin zuwa 9 ga Yuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;New Dates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jimoh |first=Abbas |date=26 February 2022 |title=INEC Sets New Dates For 2023 General Elections |url=https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=[[Daily Trust]] |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725032251/https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugabannin kabilun kamar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] sun yi kira ga jam'iyyun da su zabi wanda ba Ikwerre ba kamar yadda Ikwerres suka rike gwamna tun 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, duk da samar da kashi mai yawa na yawan mutanen Rivers, babu wani Ogoni da ya taɓa rike gwamna ko mataimakin gwamna, wanda ya haifar da kira don tsarawa na jam'iyyun ga gundumar Sanata ta Kudu maso Gabas ta Ogoni. Wadannan kira, tare da wasu da'awar cewa gwamnan ya kamata ya juya tsakanin yankunan tsaunuka da yankunan kogi, sun haifar da matsin lamba ga jam'iyyun don zabar wani daga yankunan kudancin ko kuma musamman, yankunan Ogoni-mafi yawan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga 'yan takara daga sauran gundumomi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Godwin |first=Ann |date=31 May 2021 |title=Search for Wike's successor roils Rivers as Ogoni eyes 2023 |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/search-for-wikes-successor-roils-rivers-as-ogoni-eyes-2023/ |access-date=2 August 2021 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta tsara gabatarwa, duka APC da PDP sun zabi 'yan siyasa daga yankunan kogi.

=== Dukkanin Majalisa Masu Ci gaba ===
Rikici mai tsawo tsakanin tsohon gwamnan da Ministan Sufuri na tarayya [[Rotimi Amaechi]] da tsohon Sanata [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] wanda ya haifar da rashin cancanta na Rivers APC a cikin 2019 ya ci gaba da gaba da zaben fidda gwani yayin da ƙungiyoyinsu suka gudanar da majalisa daban-daban kuma suka zabi shugabanci daban-daban a cikin 2021; shugabancin APC na kasa daga baya ya yarda da sakamakon majalisa da Amaechi ke tallafawa a matsayin halatta. A matsayin fadada rikicin jam'iyya, akwai rikice-rikice a cikin Rivers APC game da yiwuwar zoning zaben gwamna yayin da Amaechi ke goyon bayan zoning zuwa Kudu maso Gabas yayin da Abe ya yi yaƙi da yanke shawara ta zoning.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Renew Battle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odufowokan |first='Dare |title=Rivers 2023: Amaechi, Abe renew battle for soul of APC |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/rivers-2023-amaechi-abe-renew-battle-for-soul-of-apc/ |access-date=25 November 2021 |website=The Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, ya bayyana a fili cewa ba a warware rikicin jam'iyyar ba yayin da Amaechi da abokansa suka hadu don zabar &quot;dan takarar jam'iyya,&quot; suna sulhunta da Tonye Cole wanda zai kasance dan takarar APC a shekarar 2019 idan ba a dakatar da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake wasu masu neman shiga sun amince da shirin kuma sun fice, Abe da abokan hulɗarsa sun bayyana a fili cewa ba su amince da Cole a matsayin zaɓin jam'iyyar ba tare da wani dan siyasa mai haɗin kai na Abe yana ba'a da Cole a matsayinsa na &quot;abokin kasuwanci na&quot; Amaechi .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, akwai zanga-zangar wasu a cikin jam'iyyar da suka yi tir da tsarin da ba a sani ba da kuma zaɓin Cole saboda bai taɓa rike mukamin da aka zaba ba kuma ana zaton ba shi da tsarin siyasa a jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rashin amincewa, jam'iyyar ta tabbatar da Cole a matsayin zabin yarjejeniya; kodayake sanarwar manema labarai ta lura cewa tunda taron ba tsari ne na jam'iyya ba, Cole ba shi ne wanda aka zaba a hukumance ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, goyon bayan jam'iyyar Cole bai warware gardamar ba yayin da wasu 'yan takara suka yi tambaya game da zaɓin da tsarinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|All Progressives Congress|paragraphs=2|hat=no}}A cikin kwanaki kafin zaben fidda gwani, rikicin jam'iyyar ya kara zurfi yayin da sansanin Abe ya ki amincewa da majalisa na wakilai na wucin gadi kuma ya yi zanga-zanga a sakatariyar jam'iyyar ta jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar farko, Abe ya kauracewa kuma ya ki amincewa da ayyukan fidda gwani kafin a gudanar da zaben fidda gwini kai tsaye kuma ya haifar da Cole ya fito a matsayin dan takarar APC bayan sakamakon ya nuna Cole ya lashe sama da kashi 77% na kuri'un wakilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin jawabinsa na karɓa, Cole ya gode wa wakilai da Amaechi kafin ya nemi Abe da sauransu su haɗa kai da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt; Zai tafi kan zaɓaɓɓen tsohon MHA Innocent Barikor - ɗan kabilar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] daga [[Gokana]] - a matsayin abokin aikinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 June 2022 |title=2023: Rivers APC Picks Barikor As Running Mate to Cole |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628065309/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |archive-date=28 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rokon hadin kai, Abe da wasu tsoffin 'yan takarar firamare biyu sun bar jam'iyyar a watan Yuli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abe zai ci gaba da samun zaben gwamna na SDP.&lt;ref name=&quot;SDP primary&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=30 July 2022 |title=Magnus Abe emerges Rivers SDP gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/breaking-magnus-abe-emerges-rivers-sdp-gov-candidate/ |access-date=3 August 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, karar da aka shigar daga wakilan da ke goyon bayan Abe waɗanda suka yi zargin cewa an hana su ikon yin zabe a zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da soke zaben fidda gashin gashin gashi na APC ta Babban Kotun Tarayya a ranar 25 ga Oktoba. &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; Rivers APC ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin, tana mai cewa kotun ba ta da iko a kan batun jam'iyya na ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; Kotun daukaka kara ta goyi bayan APC a watan Janairun 2023, ta sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;/&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* Tonye Cole: ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan tsohon jakadan [[Patrick Dele-Cole]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nwisi |first=Rosemary |date=11 April 2022 |title=Dakuku, Cole, Princewill, George, six others join Rivers APC gov race |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/dakuku-cole-princewill-george-six-others-join-rivers-apc-gov-race/ |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abokin aiki - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;[3]
** Abokin gudu - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi ====

* [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]: member of the [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|NNPC]] Board (2020–present) and former senator for Rivers South East (2011–2015; 2016–2019) (defected after the primary to successfully run in the SDP gubernatorial primary)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;
* [[Sokonte Davies]]: former [[Hukumar Tashar Jirgin ruwa ta Nijeriya|Nigerian Ports Authority]] official&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]: former [[Asari-Toru]] Local Government Chairman&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Ibinabo Michael West: former Commissioner for Transportation&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Bernard Mikko]]: former [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|House of Representatives]] member for Khana/Gokana (1999–2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== Ya janye ====

* [[Biokpomabo Awara]]: 2019 AAC mai gabatarwa gwamna &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;
* [[Francis Ada Ebenezer]]: mai lissafi da mai wa'azi &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dawari George]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Akuku Toru / Asari Toru kuma tsohon Kwamishinan Makamashi da albarkatun kasa (ya sauya sheka bayan zaben fidda gwani don samun nasarar gudanarwa a zaben fidda gashin gwani na AA) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dakuku Peterside]]: tsohon Darakta Janar na [[Hukumar Kula da Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya|Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Tsaro ta Najeriya]] (2016-2020), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Andoni-[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]] (2011-2015), wanda aka zaba a matsayin gwamna na APC na 2015, tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka (2007-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Opobo-Nkuro (2002-2003) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tonye Princewill]]: 2015 LP gwamna noman, 2007 AC gwamna nomin, kuma ɗan tsohon Amanyanabo na Kalabari Kingdom Theophilus J.T. Princewill (ya fice bayan firamare) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Mina Tende]]: tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar [[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=APC primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Tonye Cole]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=986|percentage=77.58%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=190|percentage=14.95%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Sokonte Davies]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=49|percentage=3.86%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ibinabo Michael West]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=43|percentage=3.38%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Bernard Mikko]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=2|percentage=0.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Magnus Abe]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=1|percentage=0.08%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}Ba kamar jam'iyyar APC ta jihar ba, Rivers PDP ba ta fuskanci rikice-rikicen cikin gida kai tsaye a gaban jam'iyyar fidda gwani yayin da Wike ke da iko kai tsaye a kan yawancin jam'iyyar. Koyaya, yayin da firamare ke gabatowa, gwagwarmaya kan hanyar firamare da salon jagorancin Wike ya fara bayyanawa daga rahotanni wanda ya kai ga babban zanga-zanga a sakatariyar Rivers PDP a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mai goyon bayan zanga-zangar kuma abokin hamayyar Wike, memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] yana neman gwamna har sai Wike ya zargi Dagogo da tallafawa 'yan fashi don kai hari kan sakatariyar jam'iyyar a ranar 27 ga Afrilu kuma ya umarci' yan sanda su kama shi ranar da ta gabata kafin binciken gwamna na PDP.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagogo, wanda ya riga ya sayi kuma ya gabatar da fom don yin takara a zaben fidda gwani, ya yi ƙoƙari ya halarci aikin tantance jam'iyya a ranar 28 ga Afrilu amma 'yan sanda suka tsare shi kuma suka tsare shi a kurkuku har abada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mataimakan Dagogo tare da kungiyoyin farar hula sun yi tir da kama shi a matsayin manufa ta siyasa kuma sun yi kira ga a saki Dagogo amma PDP kawai ta hana shi daga zaben fidda gwani saboda 'rashin halarta a tantancewa.'   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released|access-date=3 May 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSERAP2022&quot;&gt;SERAP [@SERAPNigeria] (30 April 2022). [https://x.com/SERAPNigeria/status/1520428431246307338 &quot;Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released&quot;] ([[Tweet (social media)|Tweet]])&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;3 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt; &amp;#x2013; via [[Twitter]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=May 2022 |title=16 Governorship Aspirants Scale PDP Screening In Rivers |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/16-governorship-aspirants-scale-pdp-screening-in-rivers/ |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Adamawa State gubernatorial election|People's Democratic Party|paragraphs=1|hat=no}}In the days directly before the primary, reports emerged that Wike had settled on [[Siminalayi Fubara]]—the immediate past Accountant General of Rivers State—as his preferred candidate despite the [[Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta EFCC|Economic and Financial Crimes Commission]] declaring Fubara wanted for fraud on 24 May.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the primary date, the candidates contested an indirect primary that ended with Fubara's nomination after results showed him winning over 81% of the delegates' votes; several other candidates did not attend the event.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his acceptance speech, Fubara vowed to continue the work of the Wike administration. After the primary, it was noted that Fubara's riverine origin and [[Mutanen Ijaw|Ijaw ethnicity]] were a move in favor of a power shift after Wike's governorship.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt; However, Fubara still faced opposition from the EFCC as agents attempted to arrest him on 8 June and were stopped by Fubara's armed thugs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite his status as a fugitive, Fubara commenced his campaign and selected [[Ngozi Odu]]—a former commissioner from [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]]—as his running mate later in June.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 June 2022 |title=NGOZI ODU IS RIVERS PDP DEPUTY GOVERNORSHIP CANDIDATE |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622095319/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* [[Siminalayi Fubara]]: tsohon Babban Mai ba da lissafi na jihar&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=13 April 2022 |title=Wike's aides resign, 13 aspirants jostle for PDP ticket |url=https://punchng.com/wikes-aides-resign-13-aspirants-jostle-for-pdp-ticket/ |access-date=14 April 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt; Matashi mai gudu - Ngozi Odu: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi[4]
** Mataki mai gudu - [[Ngozi Odu]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi a firamare ====

* David Briggs: tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;
* Abieatedoghu Bob-Abbey Hart: 2015 PDP shugaban kasa dan takara &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Tammy Danagogo: Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2019-2022) kuma tsohon Ministan Wasanni (2014-2015) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Dax George-Kelly: tsohon mai ba da shawara ga Gwamna Wike&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tele Ikuru]]: tsohon [[Mataimakin gwamnan Jihar Rivers|Mataimakin Gwamna]] (2007; 2007-2015), tsohon Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane (2004-2006), tsohon Kwamishina na Aikin Gona da Albarkatun Halitta (1999-2003), kuma dan uwan tsohon Shugaban PDP na kasa Uche Secondus &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot; /&gt;
* [[Boma Iyaye]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Wasanni (2008-2009; 2009-2011; 2015-2022) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Ogu-Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Isaac Kamalu: tsohon Kwamishinan Kudi (2019-2022), tsohon Kwamishina na Kasafin Kudi da Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki (2015-2019), kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dattijai na Eleme (2007-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Lee Maeba]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2003-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odiegwu |first=Mike |title=Cracks as Rivers PDP mulls consensus governorship candidate |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/cracks-as-rivers-pdp-mulls-consensus-governorship-candidate/ |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Olaka Nwogu]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2015-2016), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na [[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]] / Oyigbo / Tai (1999-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Eleme &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Felix A. Obuah]]: tsohon Shugaban PDP na Jihar Rivers&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Austin Opara]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Port Harcourt II (1999-2007) kuma tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Wakili &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[George Thompson Sekibo]]: Sanata na Rivers East (2007-2017; 2019-yanzu) da kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Okrika / Ogu / Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Precious Sekibo: tsohon Ministan Sufuri (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Morgan Tom-West  &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== An hana shi ta kwamitin tantancewa ====

* [[Farah Dagogo]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Degema / Bonny (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Degema (wanda aka hana shi saboda rashin halarta a gwajin gwaji) &lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;

==== Ya ƙi ====

* [[Dum Dekor|Dunamene Dekor]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Khana / Gokana (2019-yanzu), tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka, kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar na Khana II &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;
* Kenneth Kobani: tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2015-2019) kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Masana'antu, Ciniki da Zuba Jari &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;
* [[Barry Mpigi]]: Sanata na Rivers Kudu maso Gabas (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Eleme / Oyigbo / Tai (2011-2019) &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=PDP primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Siminalayi Fubara]]}}|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=721|percentage=81.01%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Isaac Kamalu]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=86|percentage=9.66%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dax George-Kelly|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=37|percentage=4.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tammy Danagogo]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=36|percentage=4.04%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=David Briggs|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Morgan Tom-West]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Felix A. Obuah]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=2|percentage=0.22%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Other candidates|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=0|percentage=0.00%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

=== Ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ===
 

== Yaƙin neman zaɓe ==
Nan da nan bayan zaben fidda gwani, masu sharhi sun rarraba zaben a matsayin gwagwarmaya tsakanin gwamnan mai barin gado [[Ezenwo Wike|Ezenwo Nyesom Wike]] (PDP) da tsohon gwamnan [[Rotimi Amaechi]] (APC) duk da kasancewa zaben gwamnan Jihar Rivers na farko tun 2003 wanda babu Wike ko Amaechi 'yan takara.{{Efn|Although Amaechi's name was not on the ballot in the [[2007 Rivers State gubernatorial election|2007 election]], he successfully sued to be a legitimate candidate.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fubara da Cole suna da alaƙa sosai da Wike da Amaechi, bi da bi, wanda ya haifar da lakabin babban zaben a matsayin ci gaba da gwagwarmayar iko tsakanin su biyu. Koyaya, fitowar [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] - tsohon sanata wanda ya shafe shekaru yana jayayya da Amaechi kan kula da APC na jihar - yayin da dan takarar SDP ya kara da rashin tabbas ga zaben. Abubuwa mafi mahimmanci sun haɗa da shari'ar cin hanci da rashawa ta Fubara da kuma rikici na Wike da PDP na kasa game da sakamakon zaben fidda gwani na shugaban kasa, wanda ya rasa a watan Mayu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci a watan Oktoba 2022 wanda ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; An kwatanta hukuncin da sauri da irin wannan hukuncin da ya hana Rivers APC shiga gasar a shekarar 2019; &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; jam'iyyar ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin kuma ta yi alkawarin yin takara a zaben.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan da ya biyo baya, a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, an saki zaben farko na jama'a - wanda NIO Polls ya gudanar kuma Gidauniyar Anap ta ba da izini - don tseren tare da nuna filin da aka raba sosai wanda Fubara ya jagoranci yayin da Cole (wanda aka haɗa duk da hukuncin kotu) da Abe suka biyo baya a karo na biyu da na uku, bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayin da zaben ya kusa, an sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba ta hanyar Kotun daukaka kara a watan Janairun 2023. A watan da ya biyo baya, kungiyar Rivers State Governorship Debate Group ta gudanar da muhawara a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu; Abe, Cole, da kuma dan takarar LP Beatrice Itubo sun halarci yayin da Fubara da dan takarar Accord Dumo Lulu-Briggs ba su nan.&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 February 2023 |title=2023 polls: Rivers PDP guber candidate, Sim Fubara shuns debate |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/20/2023-polls-rivers-pdp-guber-candidate-sim-fubara-shuns-debate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya a watan Fabrairu, mayar da hankali ga zaben shugaban kasa da ke gabatowa a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu. A cikin zaben, Jihar Rivers ta zabi [[Bola Tinubu]] (APC) a cikin gardama; sakamakon da aka ayyana ya nuna Tinubu ya lashe jihar da kashi 44.2% na kuri'un don kayar da Peter Obi (LP) da kashi 33.4% da [[Atiku Abubakar]] (PDP) da kashi 16.9%. Zaben, wanda ya cika da rashin daidaito da zarge-zargen zamba, ya haifar da sabuntawa ga tseren gwamna yayin da rahotanni na tsangwama na zaben da Wike ya jagoranta don goyon bayan Tinubu ya haifar da damuwa game da irin wannan kokarin ga Fubara. Masu sharhi sun lura da yiwuwar rashin jin daɗi na masu jefa kuri'a saboda ma'anar cewa ainihin kuri'un ba su da tasiri ga sakamakon da aka sanar saboda rahotanni masu yawa daga Fabrairu tare da tsoron tashin hankali da aka yi niyya a sansanonin adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran abubuwan da masana suka yi la'akari da su sun haɗa da yanayin siyasa mai rikitarwa, tsattsauran ra'ayi game da wadanda ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba, da ci gaba da kai hare-hare kan masu adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tattaunawar zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|+Muhawara game da zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na 2023
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Masu shirya taron
! colspan=&quot;7&quot; |&lt;{{Font color|black|#FF9090|&amp;nbsp;A&amp;nbsp;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Accord (Nijeriya)|A]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Nigeria Labour Party|LP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |Sauran jam'iyyun
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Accord (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Labour Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Others}};&quot; |
|-
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |4 ga Fabrairu
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |[[Rivers State Governorship Debate Group|Kungiyar Tattaunawar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers]]
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Lulu-Briggs}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Tonye Cole|Cole]]}}}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Beatrice Itubo|Itubo]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|[[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Magnus Abe|Abe]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#A2B2C2;&quot; |'''NI'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Multiple}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;/&gt;
|}

=== Zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:14px;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Kungiyar zabe / abokin ciniki
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar Aikin Gida&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Samfurin samfur&lt;br /&gt;
![[Fayil:Tonye_Cole.jpg|80x80px]]
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''PDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''SDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ba a yanke shawara ba
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Babu wani amsa / Babu wani amsa/An ƙi
|-
!Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Magnus Ngei Abe|Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/pdps-siminalayi-fubara-has-a-narrow-lead-in-a-severely-fragmented-race NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Oktoba 2022
|500
|14%
|11%
|6%
|12%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 4%; [[Tekena Iyagba]] (BP): 3%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Other candidates: 3%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''37%'''
|20%{{Efn|Refused: 18%; None: 2%}}
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/rivers-pdps-siminalayi-fubara-maintains-lead-but-sdps-magnus-abe-has-momentum NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Fabrairu 2023
|N/A
|10%
|20%
|11%
|11%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 6%; [[Dawari George]] (AA): 2%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Victor Tamie Fingesi: 1%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''23%'''
|25%{{Efn|Refused: 24%; None: 1%}}
|-
|}

== Tsinkaya ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!Tushen
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tsinkaya
!Ya zuwa yanzu
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Nowrap|[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]{{efn|AfricaElects projections predict the likelihood of a candidate winning a state by categorizing a state as &quot;Safe&quot; for exceedingly likely, &quot;Likely&quot; for somewhat likely, and &quot;Lean&quot; for least likely. If no clear determination could be made, states are categorized as &quot;tossups&quot;.}}}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Africa Elects ratings&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Elimian |first=Adrian |title=Nigerian Gubernatorial Elections: State Ratings |url=https://africaelects.com/2023/03/18/nigerian-gubernatorial-elections-state-ratings/ |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00c00e&quot; |Wataƙila Fubara
|17 Maris 2023
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |Ya isa ya isa ya zama {{Nowrap|[[SBM Intelligence]]{{efn|EiE-SBM projections predict which candidates will win states.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;EiE-SBM March projections&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=The EiE-SBM 2023 Election forecast: Diminished interest in state elections will make for poor outcomes |url=https://www.sbmintel.com/2023/03/the-eie-sbm-2023-election-forecast-diminished-interest-in-state-elections-will-make-for-poor-outcomes/ |website=SBM Intelligence |date=2 March 2023 |access-date=16 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#009404&quot; |Fubara
|2 ga Maris 2023
|-
|}

== Halin da ake yi ==

=== Lokaci na zaɓe ===
{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|Electoral timetable|hat=no}}

== Babban Zabe ==

=== Sakamakon ===
{{Election box begin no change|title=2023 Rivers State gubernatorial election}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dumo Lulu-Briggs|party=Accord (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dawari George]]|party=Action Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Victor Tamie Fingesi]]|party=Action Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Leesi Gabriel Gborogbosi|party=Action Peoples Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dada Joseph Ngechu Obele]]|party=African Action Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonte Ibraye]]|party=African Democratic Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Faye-Ofori Churchill]]|party=Allied Peoples Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonye Cole]]|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=95,274|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Ugochukwu Prince Beke]]|party=All Progressives Grand Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tekena Iyagba]]|party=Boot Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Beatrice Itubo]]|party=Labour Party (Nigeria)|votes=22,224|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Sam Agwor]]|party=New Nigeria Peoples Party|votes=335|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Jackrich Sobomabo]]|party=National Rescue Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Siminalayi Fubara]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=302,614|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Magnus Abe]]|party=Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Danagogo Wenike-Briggs]]|party=Young Progressives Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Leyii Kwanee]]|party=Zenith Labour Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

==== Ta hanyar gundumar sanata ====
Sakamakon zaben ta gundumar sanata.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gundumar Sanata
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gundumar Sanatan Rivers ta Gabas|Gundumar Sanata ta Gabas ta Rivers]]{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]], [[Etche]], [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]], [[Obio-Akpor]], [[Ogu–Bolo]], [[Okrika]], [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]], and [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Kogin Kudu maso Gabas na Gundumar Sanata{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]], [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]], [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]], [[Opobo–Nkoro]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Sanata ta Yammacin Kogin{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]], [[Ahoada East]], [[Ahoada West]], [[Akuku-Toru]], [[Asari-Toru]], [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]], [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]], and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar mazabar tarayya ====
Sakamakon zaben ta mazabar tarayya.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mazabar Tarayya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Abua/Odua/Ahoada Gabashin Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]] and [[Ahoada East]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ahoada West/Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ahoada East]] and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Tarayyar Akuku Toru / Asari Toru{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Akuku-Toru]] and [[Asari-Toru]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Andoni/Opobo/Nkoro Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]] and [[Opobo–Nkoro]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Degema / Bonny Mazabar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]] and [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Eleme/Oyigbo/Tai Tarayyar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Yankin Etche/Omuma na Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Etche]] and [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ikwerre/Emohua Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]] and [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Khana/Gokana Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]] and [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Obio/Akpor Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government area of [[Obio-Akpor]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Okrika/Ogu/Bolo Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ogu–Bolo]] and [[Okrika]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Port Harcourt I Majalisa ta Tarayya da Port Harcoort II Majalisa na Tarayya{{Efn|Together comprising the local government area of [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}{{Efn|These two constituencies are within a single LGA. As this table does not differentiate between intra-LGA results, these figures are for the entire LGA which is the same as the data for both constituencies.}}&lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar karamar hukuma ====
Sakamakon zaben ta karamar hukuma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |LGA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kashi na masu halarta
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Abua–Odual|Abua-Odual]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,738
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,763
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |463
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |712
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,676
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Gabas|Ahoada Gabas]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,650
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,408
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,077
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |903
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,038
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Yamma|Ahoada Yamma]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,883
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,425
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,063
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |775
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,146
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Akuku-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,724
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,273
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |222
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |931
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |11,150
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Andoni]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,149
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,319
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1185
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |618
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Asari-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,209
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |12,663
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |179
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |18,322
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Bonny (Rivers)|Bonny]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,285
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,032
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |559
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,571
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,447
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Degema]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |579
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,006
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,129
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,414
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,251
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |920
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,247
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Emohua
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,916
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,600
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |805
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,270
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Etche|Ƙarƙashin]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,043
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,586
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,283
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |26,320
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gokana]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,455
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,840
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |755
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ikwerre]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,716
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Khana]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Obio-Akpor|Rashin amincewa da Akpor]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,056
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,083
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni|Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,729
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,450
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,391
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |7,103
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |310
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |528
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Okrika|Yankin]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,342
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Omuma]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,760
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Oyigbo]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Port Harcourt (ƙaramar hukuma)|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Harcourt]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |26,892
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Tai]]
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== Dubi kuma ==

* Zaben Najeriya na 2023
* [[Zaben gwamnonin Najeriya 2023|Zaben gwamna na Najeriya na 2023]]

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{2023 Nigeria elections}}{{Elections in Rivers State}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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An gudanar da Zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na shekarar 2023, a ranar 18 ga watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2023, don zabar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers, tare da Zaɓen Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers da sauran zabukan gwamna ashirin da bakwai da zaɓen duk sauran gidajen majalisa na jihar.[1][2] Za a gudanar da zaben - wanda aka jinkirta daga ranar 11 ga watan Maris - makonni uku bayan Zaben shugaban kasa da zaben Majalisar Dokoki.[3] Gwamnan PDP mai ci Ezenwo Nyesom Wike yana da iyakacin wa'adi, kuma ba zai iya neman sake zaben zuwa wa'adi na uku ba.

An shirya zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyya tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 9 ga Yunin shekarar 2022 tare da Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party da ta zabi tsohon mai ba da lissafi na jihar [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a ranar 25 ga Mayu yayin da All Progressives Congress ta zabi dan kasuwa Tonye Cole a ranar 26 ga Mayu.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ibunge |first=Blessing |title=Rivers Accountant General, Fubara, Wins PDP Governorship Primary |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/05/26/rivers-accountant-general-fubara-wins-pdp-governorship-primary/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[ThisDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 May 2022 |title=Tonye Cole wins Rivers APC governorship ticket |url=https://gazettengr.com/tonye-cole-wins-rivers-apc-governorship-ticket/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]] |publisher=[[News Agency of Nigeria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, hukuncin Babban Kotun Tarayya ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC amma Kotun daukaka kara ta soke hukuncin a watan Janairun 2023 .&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sanusi |first=Abiodun |last2=Naku |first2=Dennis |date=25 October 2022 |title=JUST IN: Court nullifies APC primaries in Rivers |url=https://punchng.com/just-in-court-nullifies-apc-primaries-in-rivers/ |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=20 January 2023 |title=Court nullifies suit against Rivers APC gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/court-nullifies-suit-against-rivers-apc-gov-candidate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan an kammala tattarawa a ranar da ta biyo bayan zaben, INEC ta ayyana Fubara a matsayin mai nasara. A cikin sakamakon hukuma, Fubara ya lashe kusan ƙuri'u 303,000 (~ 63% na kuri'un) don kayar da Cole da kusan kuri'un 95,000 (20% na kuri'u), Abe da kusan kuriʼu 47,000 (~ 10% na kuri'a), da Itubo da kusan ƙuri&quot; 22,000 (5% na kuri'an). Sakamakon nan da nan ne 'yan wasan da suka zo na biyu suka ki amincewa da shi saboda rahotanni da yawa game da rashin daidaito da tashin hankali.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cole rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okwa |first=Reuben |date=21 March 2023 |title=Tonye Cole, Others Reject Rivers Gov Election Result, Demand Cancellation |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/03/21/tonye-cole-others-reject-rivers-governorship-election-result-demand-cancellation/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Channels TV]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Abe rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=8 April 2023 |title=Rivers guber: We'll challenge election results, SDP's Abe insists |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/rivers-guber-well-challenge-election-results-sdps-abe-insists/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Itubo rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chukwu |first=Ignatius |date=19 March 2023 |title=Labour Party rejects outcome of Saturday elections in Rivers |url=https://businessday.ng/nigeriadecidesliveupdates/article/labour-party-rejects-outcome-of-saturday-elections-in-rivers/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shari'ar kalubalen shari'a da ta biyo baya ta kai [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]], wacce ta tabbatar da zaben Fubara a cikin hukunce-hukuncen da aka yanke a watan Janairun 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;Supreme Court upholds Fubara victory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=UPDATED: Supreme Court affirms Rivers governor, Fubara's election |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/661993-updated-supreme-court-affirms-rivers-governor-fubaras-election.html |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana kuma zaɓar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zaɓe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu, tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u, da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

== Tarihi ==
Jihar Rivers jihar ce mai yawan jama'a, jiha daban-daban a Kudu tare da manyan man fetur da gas na halitta tare da cibiyoyin masana'antu. Duk da yawan kudaden shigar da man fetur, jihar tana da manyan batutuwa da yawa tare da 'yan fashi da' yan bindigar man fetur ba bisa ka'ida ba a yankunan kogi yayin da yankunan birane ke da yawan jama'a da gurɓataccen muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A siyasance, zaben 2019 ya kasance ci gaba da ikon PDP na jihar yayin da rashin iyawar APC na jihar don gudanar da zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da rashin cancanta ta kotun. Dan takarar shugaban kasa na PDP [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya lashe jihar da kashi 50% kuma jam'iyyar [[Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|ya sami dukkan kujerun majalisar dattijai guda uku]] yayin da ta mamaye [[Zaben Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|Zaben Majalisar Wakilai]]. A matakin jiha, PDP ta kuma [[2019 Rivers State House of Assembly election|riƙewa]] mafi rinjaye a Majalisar Dokoki kuma Wike ta lashe [[Zaben gwamna na Jihar Legas na 2019|Zaben gwamna]] da yawa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin wa'adin Wike, manufofin wa'adinsa na biyu sune ababen more rayuwa, horo na kasafin kudi, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da hadin kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dangane da aikinsa, an yaba wa Wike don ci gaban ababen more rayuwa, inganta kiwon lafiya, saka hannun jari a wasanni, da turawa kan bunker mai ba bisa ka'ida ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, an soki gwamnatinsa saboda jinkirin watanni na kafa majalisa, sanarwar da ya yi na Rivers a matsayin &quot;jiha ta Kirista&quot; da kuma mummunar martani ga rushewar masallaci, kashe biliyoyin naira don siyan motocin alatu ga 'yan majalisa da alƙalai, ƙoƙarin hana zanga-zangar ba bisa ka'ida ba a lokacin tsawo na zanga-zambe na SARS na 2020, da ya ga damuwa da fara rikice-rikice-rikici na jama'a tare da wasu jami'an da aka zaba, biyan albashi da fansho ba bisa ka-zangar gwamnati ba, da rashin girmamawa    masu mulki na gargajiya   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kevin-Alerechi |first=Elfredah |date=14 October 2020 |title=Rivers residents groan as Wike spends N3.4 billion on luxury cars for judges, politicians |url=https://gazettengr.com/rivers-residents-groan-as-wike-spends-n3-4-billion-on-luxury-cars-for-judges-politicians/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 October 2020 |title=Nigerians React As Gov Wike Bans #EndSARS Protest In Rivers |url=https://www.theheritagetimes.com/nigerians-react-as-gov-wike-bans-endsars-protest-in-rivers/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=The Heritage Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 March 2022 |title=Ranking Nigerian Governors Feb/March 2022: APC Govs' dirty fight, Sanwo-Olu's BRT snag, Wike's uncouthness, Umahi's meltdown |url=https://www.ripplesnigeria.com/ranking-nigerian-governors-feb-march-2022-apc-govs-dirty-fight-sanwo-olus-brt-snag-wikes-uncouthness-umahis-meltdown/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Ripples Nigeria]] |quote=Though we acknowledge Wike's reported passion for his party and other issues, we, however, frown at his constant ranting and hurling of insults, and issuing of threats against his opponents— in their ever-increasing number and classification. We believe Governor Wike will do well for himself in taking one or two lessons in diplomacy, civility in public communication and the gentlemanly requirement for public office holders.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Opara |first=George |date=21 May 2022 |title=2023: Wike pushes for presidency amidst opposition from home turf |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/05/21/2023-wike-pushes-for-presidency-amidst-opposition-from-home-turf/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyebade |first=Wole |date=12 February 2020 |title=Wike's disrespect for ancient stool and the victims |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/wikes-disrespect-for-ancient-stool-and-the-victims/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wike kuma ya zo da wuta saboda yunkurin mulkin mallaka don murkushe 'yan adawa ta hanyar hana zanga-zangar sau da yawa kuma mafi mahimmanci, lokacin da aka kama abokin hamayyarsa a cikin jam'iyya kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] kuma aka ɗaure shi makonni don hana shi yin takarar gwamna.&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police arrest federal lawmaker on Wike's order |url=https://punchng.com/police-arrest-federal-lawmaker-on-wikes-order/ |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police execute Wike's order, arrest PDP governorship aspirant |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627165453/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-date=27 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani mahimmin tushen jayayya shine yadda yake kula da kisan gillar Oy[[Inyamurai|Ibo]] a watan Nuwamba 2020, lokacin da ma'aikatan [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojoji]] suka kai hari kan samari na Igbo a [[Oyigbo]] bayan da IPOB ta kashe sojoji biyar; Wike akai-akai ya musanta duk wani laifi na Sojoji kuma ya tabbatar da mamayar soja na mako-mako na yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Taiwo-Hassan |date=23 November 2020 |title=investigation: Inside the horrific bloodshed and massive extrajudicial killings in Nigeria's Oyigbo community |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/427469-investigation-inside-the-horrific-bloodshed-and-massive-extrajudicial-killings-in-nigerias-oyigbo-community.html |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Princewill |first=Nimi |last2=Kevin-Alerechi |first2=Elfredah |date=2 November 2020 |title=Oyigbo Killings: Nigerian soldiers on reprisal attacks against IPOB elements: Wike |url=https://gazettengr.com/oyigbo-killings-nigerian-soldiers-on-reprisal-attacks-against-ipob-elements-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zaben fidda gwani ==
Za a gudanar da zaben fidda gwani, tare da duk wani kalubale da zai iya samu ga sakamakon fidda gwamna, tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 3 ga Yuni 2022 amma an tsawaita lokacin zuwa 9 ga Yuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;New Dates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jimoh |first=Abbas |date=26 February 2022 |title=INEC Sets New Dates For 2023 General Elections |url=https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=[[Daily Trust]] |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725032251/https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugabannin kabilun kamar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] sun yi kira ga jam'iyyun da su zabi wanda ba Ikwerre ba kamar yadda Ikwerres suka rike gwamna tun 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, duk da samar da kashi mai yawa na yawan mutanen Rivers, babu wani Ogoni da ya taɓa rike gwamna ko mataimakin gwamna, wanda ya haifar da kira don tsarawa na jam'iyyun ga gundumar Sanata ta Kudu maso Gabas ta Ogoni. Wadannan kira, tare da wasu da'awar cewa gwamnan ya kamata ya juya tsakanin yankunan tsaunuka da yankunan kogi, sun haifar da matsin lamba ga jam'iyyun don zabar wani daga yankunan kudancin ko kuma musamman, yankunan Ogoni-mafi yawan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga 'yan takara daga sauran gundumomi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Godwin |first=Ann |date=31 May 2021 |title=Search for Wike's successor roils Rivers as Ogoni eyes 2023 |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/search-for-wikes-successor-roils-rivers-as-ogoni-eyes-2023/ |access-date=2 August 2021 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta tsara gabatarwa, duka APC da PDP sun zabi 'yan siyasa daga yankunan kogi.

=== Dukkanin Majalisa Masu Ci gaba ===
Rikici mai tsawo tsakanin tsohon gwamnan da Ministan Sufuri na tarayya [[Rotimi Amaechi]] da tsohon Sanata [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] wanda ya haifar da rashin cancanta na Rivers APC a cikin 2019 ya ci gaba da gaba da zaben fidda gwani yayin da ƙungiyoyinsu suka gudanar da majalisa daban-daban kuma suka zabi shugabanci daban-daban a cikin 2021; shugabancin APC na kasa daga baya ya yarda da sakamakon majalisa da Amaechi ke tallafawa a matsayin halatta. A matsayin fadada rikicin jam'iyya, akwai rikice-rikice a cikin Rivers APC game da yiwuwar zoning zaben gwamna yayin da Amaechi ke goyon bayan zoning zuwa Kudu maso Gabas yayin da Abe ya yi yaƙi da yanke shawara ta zoning.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Renew Battle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odufowokan |first='Dare |title=Rivers 2023: Amaechi, Abe renew battle for soul of APC |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/rivers-2023-amaechi-abe-renew-battle-for-soul-of-apc/ |access-date=25 November 2021 |website=The Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, ya bayyana a fili cewa ba a warware rikicin jam'iyyar ba yayin da Amaechi da abokansa suka hadu don zabar &quot;dan takarar jam'iyya,&quot; suna sulhunta da Tonye Cole wanda zai kasance dan takarar APC a shekarar 2019 idan ba a dakatar da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake wasu masu neman shiga sun amince da shirin kuma sun fice, Abe da abokan hulɗarsa sun bayyana a fili cewa ba su amince da Cole a matsayin zaɓin jam'iyyar ba tare da wani dan siyasa mai haɗin kai na Abe yana ba'a da Cole a matsayinsa na &quot;abokin kasuwanci na&quot; Amaechi .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, akwai zanga-zangar wasu a cikin jam'iyyar da suka yi tir da tsarin da ba a sani ba da kuma zaɓin Cole saboda bai taɓa rike mukamin da aka zaba ba kuma ana zaton ba shi da tsarin siyasa a jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rashin amincewa, jam'iyyar ta tabbatar da Cole a matsayin zabin yarjejeniya; kodayake sanarwar manema labarai ta lura cewa tunda taron ba tsari ne na jam'iyya ba, Cole ba shi ne wanda aka zaba a hukumance ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, goyon bayan jam'iyyar Cole bai warware gardamar ba yayin da wasu 'yan takara suka yi tambaya game da zaɓin da tsarinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|All Progressives Congress|paragraphs=2|hat=no}}A cikin kwanaki kafin zaben fidda gwani, rikicin jam'iyyar ya kara zurfi yayin da sansanin Abe ya ki amincewa da majalisa na wakilai na wucin gadi kuma ya yi zanga-zanga a sakatariyar jam'iyyar ta jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar farko, Abe ya kauracewa kuma ya ki amincewa da ayyukan fidda gwani kafin a gudanar da zaben fidda gwini kai tsaye kuma ya haifar da Cole ya fito a matsayin dan takarar APC bayan sakamakon ya nuna Cole ya lashe sama da kashi 77% na kuri'un wakilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin jawabinsa na karɓa, Cole ya gode wa wakilai da Amaechi kafin ya nemi Abe da sauransu su haɗa kai da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt; Zai tafi kan zaɓaɓɓen tsohon MHA Innocent Barikor - ɗan kabilar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] daga [[Gokana]] - a matsayin abokin aikinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 June 2022 |title=2023: Rivers APC Picks Barikor As Running Mate to Cole |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628065309/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |archive-date=28 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rokon hadin kai, Abe da wasu tsoffin 'yan takarar firamare biyu sun bar jam'iyyar a watan Yuli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abe zai ci gaba da samun zaben gwamna na SDP.&lt;ref name=&quot;SDP primary&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=30 July 2022 |title=Magnus Abe emerges Rivers SDP gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/breaking-magnus-abe-emerges-rivers-sdp-gov-candidate/ |access-date=3 August 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, karar da aka shigar daga wakilan da ke goyon bayan Abe waɗanda suka yi zargin cewa an hana su ikon yin zabe a zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da soke zaben fidda gashin gashin gashi na APC ta Babban Kotun Tarayya a ranar 25 ga Oktoba. &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; Rivers APC ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin, tana mai cewa kotun ba ta da iko a kan batun jam'iyya na ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; Kotun daukaka kara ta goyi bayan APC a watan Janairun 2023, ta sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;/&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* Tonye Cole: ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan tsohon jakadan [[Patrick Dele-Cole]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nwisi |first=Rosemary |date=11 April 2022 |title=Dakuku, Cole, Princewill, George, six others join Rivers APC gov race |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/dakuku-cole-princewill-george-six-others-join-rivers-apc-gov-race/ |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abokin aiki - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;[3]
** Abokin gudu - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi ====

* [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]: member of the [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|NNPC]] Board (2020–present) and former senator for Rivers South East (2011–2015; 2016–2019) (defected after the primary to successfully run in the SDP gubernatorial primary)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;
* [[Sokonte Davies]]: former [[Hukumar Tashar Jirgin ruwa ta Nijeriya|Nigerian Ports Authority]] official&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]: former [[Asari-Toru]] Local Government Chairman&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Ibinabo Michael West: former Commissioner for Transportation&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Bernard Mikko]]: former [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|House of Representatives]] member for Khana/Gokana (1999–2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== Ya janye ====

* [[Biokpomabo Awara]]: 2019 AAC mai gabatarwa gwamna &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;
* [[Francis Ada Ebenezer]]: mai lissafi da mai wa'azi &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dawari George]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Akuku Toru / Asari Toru kuma tsohon Kwamishinan Makamashi da albarkatun kasa (ya sauya sheka bayan zaben fidda gwani don samun nasarar gudanarwa a zaben fidda gashin gwani na AA) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dakuku Peterside]]: tsohon Darakta Janar na [[Hukumar Kula da Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya|Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Tsaro ta Najeriya]] (2016-2020), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Andoni-[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]] (2011-2015), wanda aka zaba a matsayin gwamna na APC na 2015, tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka (2007-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Opobo-Nkuro (2002-2003) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tonye Princewill]]: 2015 LP gwamna noman, 2007 AC gwamna nomin, kuma ɗan tsohon Amanyanabo na Kalabari Kingdom Theophilus J.T. Princewill (ya fice bayan firamare) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Mina Tende]]: tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar [[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=APC primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Tonye Cole]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=986|percentage=77.58%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=190|percentage=14.95%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Sokonte Davies]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=49|percentage=3.86%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ibinabo Michael West]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=43|percentage=3.38%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Bernard Mikko]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=2|percentage=0.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Magnus Abe]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=1|percentage=0.08%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}Ba kamar jam'iyyar APC ta jihar ba, Rivers PDP ba ta fuskanci rikice-rikicen cikin gida kai tsaye a gaban jam'iyyar fidda gwani yayin da Wike ke da iko kai tsaye a kan yawancin jam'iyyar. Koyaya, yayin da firamare ke gabatowa, gwagwarmaya kan hanyar firamare da salon jagorancin Wike ya fara bayyanawa daga rahotanni wanda ya kai ga babban zanga-zanga a sakatariyar Rivers PDP a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mai goyon bayan zanga-zangar kuma abokin hamayyar Wike, memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] yana neman gwamna har sai Wike ya zargi Dagogo da tallafawa 'yan fashi don kai hari kan sakatariyar jam'iyyar a ranar 27 ga Afrilu kuma ya umarci' yan sanda su kama shi ranar da ta gabata kafin binciken gwamna na PDP.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagogo, wanda ya riga ya sayi kuma ya gabatar da fom don yin takara a zaben fidda gwani, ya yi ƙoƙari ya halarci aikin tantance jam'iyya a ranar 28 ga Afrilu amma 'yan sanda suka tsare shi kuma suka tsare shi a kurkuku har abada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mataimakan Dagogo tare da kungiyoyin farar hula sun yi tir da kama shi a matsayin manufa ta siyasa kuma sun yi kira ga a saki Dagogo amma PDP kawai ta hana shi daga zaben fidda gwani saboda 'rashin halarta a tantancewa.'   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released|access-date=3 May 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSERAP2022&quot;&gt;SERAP [@SERAPNigeria] (30 April 2022). [https://x.com/SERAPNigeria/status/1520428431246307338 &quot;Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released&quot;] ([[Tweet (social media)|Tweet]])&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;3 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt; &amp;#x2013; via [[Twitter]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=May 2022 |title=16 Governorship Aspirants Scale PDP Screening In Rivers |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/16-governorship-aspirants-scale-pdp-screening-in-rivers/ |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Adamawa State gubernatorial election|People's Democratic Party|paragraphs=1|hat=no}}In the days directly before the primary, reports emerged that Wike had settled on [[Siminalayi Fubara]]—the immediate past Accountant General of Rivers State—as his preferred candidate despite the [[Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta EFCC|Economic and Financial Crimes Commission]] declaring Fubara wanted for fraud on 24 May.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the primary date, the candidates contested an indirect primary that ended with Fubara's nomination after results showed him winning over 81% of the delegates' votes; several other candidates did not attend the event.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his acceptance speech, Fubara vowed to continue the work of the Wike administration. After the primary, it was noted that Fubara's riverine origin and [[Mutanen Ijaw|Ijaw ethnicity]] were a move in favor of a power shift after Wike's governorship.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt; However, Fubara still faced opposition from the EFCC as agents attempted to arrest him on 8 June and were stopped by Fubara's armed thugs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite his status as a fugitive, Fubara commenced his campaign and selected [[Ngozi Odu]]—a former commissioner from [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]]—as his running mate later in June.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 June 2022 |title=NGOZI ODU IS RIVERS PDP DEPUTY GOVERNORSHIP CANDIDATE |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622095319/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* [[Siminalayi Fubara]]: tsohon Babban Mai ba da lissafi na jihar&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=13 April 2022 |title=Wike's aides resign, 13 aspirants jostle for PDP ticket |url=https://punchng.com/wikes-aides-resign-13-aspirants-jostle-for-pdp-ticket/ |access-date=14 April 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt; Matashi mai gudu - Ngozi Odu: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi[4]
** Mataki mai gudu - [[Ngozi Odu]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi a firamare ====

* David Briggs: tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;
* Abieatedoghu Bob-Abbey Hart: 2015 PDP shugaban kasa dan takara &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Tammy Danagogo: Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2019-2022) kuma tsohon Ministan Wasanni (2014-2015) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Dax George-Kelly: tsohon mai ba da shawara ga Gwamna Wike&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tele Ikuru]]: tsohon [[Mataimakin gwamnan Jihar Rivers|Mataimakin Gwamna]] (2007; 2007-2015), tsohon Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane (2004-2006), tsohon Kwamishina na Aikin Gona da Albarkatun Halitta (1999-2003), kuma dan uwan tsohon Shugaban PDP na kasa Uche Secondus &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot; /&gt;
* [[Boma Iyaye]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Wasanni (2008-2009; 2009-2011; 2015-2022) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Ogu-Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Isaac Kamalu: tsohon Kwamishinan Kudi (2019-2022), tsohon Kwamishina na Kasafin Kudi da Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki (2015-2019), kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dattijai na Eleme (2007-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Lee Maeba]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2003-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odiegwu |first=Mike |title=Cracks as Rivers PDP mulls consensus governorship candidate |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/cracks-as-rivers-pdp-mulls-consensus-governorship-candidate/ |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Olaka Nwogu]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2015-2016), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na [[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]] / Oyigbo / Tai (1999-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Eleme &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Felix A. Obuah]]: tsohon Shugaban PDP na Jihar Rivers&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Austin Opara]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Port Harcourt II (1999-2007) kuma tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Wakili &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[George Thompson Sekibo]]: Sanata na Rivers East (2007-2017; 2019-yanzu) da kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Okrika / Ogu / Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Precious Sekibo: tsohon Ministan Sufuri (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Morgan Tom-West  &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== An hana shi ta kwamitin tantancewa ====

* [[Farah Dagogo]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Degema / Bonny (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Degema (wanda aka hana shi saboda rashin halarta a gwajin gwaji) &lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;

==== Ya ƙi ====

* [[Dum Dekor|Dunamene Dekor]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Khana / Gokana (2019-yanzu), tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka, kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar na Khana II &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;
* Kenneth Kobani: tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2015-2019) kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Masana'antu, Ciniki da Zuba Jari &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;
* [[Barry Mpigi]]: Sanata na Rivers Kudu maso Gabas (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Eleme / Oyigbo / Tai (2011-2019) &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=PDP primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Siminalayi Fubara]]}}|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=721|percentage=81.01%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Isaac Kamalu]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=86|percentage=9.66%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dax George-Kelly|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=37|percentage=4.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tammy Danagogo]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=36|percentage=4.04%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=David Briggs|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Morgan Tom-West]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Felix A. Obuah]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=2|percentage=0.22%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Other candidates|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=0|percentage=0.00%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

=== Ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ===
 

== Yaƙin neman zaɓe ==
Nan da nan bayan zaben fidda gwani, masu sharhi sun rarraba zaben a matsayin gwagwarmaya tsakanin gwamnan mai barin gado [[Ezenwo Wike|Ezenwo Nyesom Wike]] (PDP) da tsohon gwamnan [[Rotimi Amaechi]] (APC) duk da kasancewa zaben gwamnan Jihar Rivers na farko tun 2003 wanda babu Wike ko Amaechi 'yan takara.{{Efn|Although Amaechi's name was not on the ballot in the [[2007 Rivers State gubernatorial election|2007 election]], he successfully sued to be a legitimate candidate.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fubara da Cole suna da alaƙa sosai da Wike da Amaechi, bi da bi, wanda ya haifar da lakabin babban zaben a matsayin ci gaba da gwagwarmayar iko tsakanin su biyu. Koyaya, fitowar [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] - tsohon sanata wanda ya shafe shekaru yana jayayya da Amaechi kan kula da APC na jihar - yayin da dan takarar SDP ya kara da rashin tabbas ga zaben. Abubuwa mafi mahimmanci sun haɗa da shari'ar cin hanci da rashawa ta Fubara da kuma rikici na Wike da PDP na kasa game da sakamakon zaben fidda gwani na shugaban kasa, wanda ya rasa a watan Mayu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci a watan Oktoba 2022 wanda ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; An kwatanta hukuncin da sauri da irin wannan hukuncin da ya hana Rivers APC shiga gasar a shekarar 2019; &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; jam'iyyar ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin kuma ta yi alkawarin yin takara a zaben.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan da ya biyo baya, a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, an saki zaben farko na jama'a - wanda NIO Polls ya gudanar kuma Gidauniyar Anap ta ba da izini - don tseren tare da nuna filin da aka raba sosai wanda Fubara ya jagoranci yayin da Cole (wanda aka haɗa duk da hukuncin kotu) da Abe suka biyo baya a karo na biyu da na uku, bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayin da zaben ya kusa, an sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba ta hanyar Kotun daukaka kara a watan Janairun 2023. A watan da ya biyo baya, kungiyar Rivers State Governorship Debate Group ta gudanar da muhawara a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu; Abe, Cole, da kuma dan takarar LP Beatrice Itubo sun halarci yayin da Fubara da dan takarar Accord Dumo Lulu-Briggs ba su nan.&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 February 2023 |title=2023 polls: Rivers PDP guber candidate, Sim Fubara shuns debate |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/20/2023-polls-rivers-pdp-guber-candidate-sim-fubara-shuns-debate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya a watan Fabrairu, mayar da hankali ga zaben shugaban kasa da ke gabatowa a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu. A cikin zaben, Jihar Rivers ta zabi [[Bola Tinubu]] (APC) a cikin gardama; sakamakon da aka ayyana ya nuna Tinubu ya lashe jihar da kashi 44.2% na kuri'un don kayar da Peter Obi (LP) da kashi 33.4% da [[Atiku Abubakar]] (PDP) da kashi 16.9%. Zaben, wanda ya cika da rashin daidaito da zarge-zargen zamba, ya haifar da sabuntawa ga tseren gwamna yayin da rahotanni na tsangwama na zaben da Wike ya jagoranta don goyon bayan Tinubu ya haifar da damuwa game da irin wannan kokarin ga Fubara. Masu sharhi sun lura da yiwuwar rashin jin daɗi na masu jefa kuri'a saboda ma'anar cewa ainihin kuri'un ba su da tasiri ga sakamakon da aka sanar saboda rahotanni masu yawa daga Fabrairu tare da tsoron tashin hankali da aka yi niyya a sansanonin adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran abubuwan da masana suka yi la'akari da su sun haɗa da yanayin siyasa mai rikitarwa, tsattsauran ra'ayi game da wadanda ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba, da ci gaba da kai hare-hare kan masu adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tattaunawar zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|+Muhawara game da zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na 2023
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Masu shirya taron
! colspan=&quot;7&quot; |&lt;{{Font color|black|#FF9090|&amp;nbsp;A&amp;nbsp;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Accord (Nijeriya)|A]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Nigeria Labour Party|LP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |Sauran jam'iyyun
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Accord (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Labour Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Others}};&quot; |
|-
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |4 ga Fabrairu
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |[[Rivers State Governorship Debate Group|Kungiyar Tattaunawar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers]]
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Lulu-Briggs}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Tonye Cole|Cole]]}}}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Beatrice Itubo|Itubo]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|[[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Magnus Abe|Abe]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#A2B2C2;&quot; |'''NI'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Multiple}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;/&gt;
|}

=== Zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:14px;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Kungiyar zabe / abokin ciniki
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar Aikin Gida&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Samfurin samfur&lt;br /&gt;
![[Fayil:Tonye_Cole.jpg|80x80px]]
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''PDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''SDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ba a yanke shawara ba
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Babu wani amsa / Babu wani amsa/An ƙi
|-
!Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Magnus Ngei Abe|Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/pdps-siminalayi-fubara-has-a-narrow-lead-in-a-severely-fragmented-race NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Oktoba 2022
|500
|14%
|11%
|6%
|12%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 4%; [[Tekena Iyagba]] (BP): 3%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Other candidates: 3%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''37%'''
|20%{{Efn|Refused: 18%; None: 2%}}
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/rivers-pdps-siminalayi-fubara-maintains-lead-but-sdps-magnus-abe-has-momentum NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Fabrairu 2023
|N/A
|10%
|20%
|11%
|11%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 6%; [[Dawari George]] (AA): 2%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Victor Tamie Fingesi: 1%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''23%'''
|25%{{Efn|Refused: 24%; None: 1%}}
|-
|}

== Tsinkaya ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!Tushen
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tsinkaya
!Ya zuwa yanzu
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Nowrap|[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]{{efn|AfricaElects projections predict the likelihood of a candidate winning a state by categorizing a state as &quot;Safe&quot; for exceedingly likely, &quot;Likely&quot; for somewhat likely, and &quot;Lean&quot; for least likely. If no clear determination could be made, states are categorized as &quot;tossups&quot;.}}}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Africa Elects ratings&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Elimian |first=Adrian |title=Nigerian Gubernatorial Elections: State Ratings |url=https://africaelects.com/2023/03/18/nigerian-gubernatorial-elections-state-ratings/ |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00c00e&quot; |Wataƙila Fubara
|17 Maris 2023
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |Ya isa ya isa ya zama {{Nowrap|[[SBM Intelligence]]{{efn|EiE-SBM projections predict which candidates will win states.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;EiE-SBM March projections&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=The EiE-SBM 2023 Election forecast: Diminished interest in state elections will make for poor outcomes |url=https://www.sbmintel.com/2023/03/the-eie-sbm-2023-election-forecast-diminished-interest-in-state-elections-will-make-for-poor-outcomes/ |website=SBM Intelligence |date=2 March 2023 |access-date=16 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#009404&quot; |Fubara
|2 ga Maris 2023
|-
|}

== Halin da ake yi ==

=== Lokaci na zaɓe ===
{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|Electoral timetable|hat=no}}

== Babban Zabe ==

=== Sakamakon ===
{{Election box begin no change|title=2023 Rivers State gubernatorial election}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dumo Lulu-Briggs|party=Accord (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dawari George]]|party=Action Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Victor Tamie Fingesi]]|party=Action Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Leesi Gabriel Gborogbosi|party=Action Peoples Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dada Joseph Ngechu Obele]]|party=African Action Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonte Ibraye]]|party=African Democratic Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Faye-Ofori Churchill]]|party=Allied Peoples Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonye Cole]]|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=95,274|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Ugochukwu Prince Beke]]|party=All Progressives Grand Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tekena Iyagba]]|party=Boot Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Beatrice Itubo]]|party=Labour Party (Nigeria)|votes=22,224|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Sam Agwor]]|party=New Nigeria Peoples Party|votes=335|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Jackrich Sobomabo]]|party=National Rescue Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Siminalayi Fubara]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=302,614|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Magnus Abe]]|party=Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Danagogo Wenike-Briggs]]|party=Young Progressives Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Leyii Kwanee]]|party=Zenith Labour Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

==== Ta hanyar gundumar sanata ====
Sakamakon zaben ta gundumar sanata.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gundumar Sanata
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gundumar Sanatan Rivers ta Gabas|Gundumar Sanata ta Gabas ta Rivers]]{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]], [[Etche]], [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]], [[Obio-Akpor]], [[Ogu–Bolo]], [[Okrika]], [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]], and [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Kogin Kudu maso Gabas na Gundumar Sanata{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]], [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]], [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]], [[Opobo–Nkoro]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Sanata ta Yammacin Kogin{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]], [[Ahoada East]], [[Ahoada West]], [[Akuku-Toru]], [[Asari-Toru]], [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]], [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]], and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar mazabar tarayya ====
Sakamakon zaben ta mazabar tarayya.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mazabar Tarayya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Abua/Odua/Ahoada Gabashin Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]] and [[Ahoada East]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ahoada West/Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ahoada East]] and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Tarayyar Akuku Toru / Asari Toru{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Akuku-Toru]] and [[Asari-Toru]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Andoni/Opobo/Nkoro Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]] and [[Opobo–Nkoro]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Degema / Bonny Mazabar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]] and [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Eleme/Oyigbo/Tai Tarayyar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Yankin Etche/Omuma na Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Etche]] and [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ikwerre/Emohua Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]] and [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Khana/Gokana Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]] and [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Obio/Akpor Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government area of [[Obio-Akpor]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Okrika/Ogu/Bolo Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ogu–Bolo]] and [[Okrika]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Port Harcourt I Majalisa ta Tarayya da Port Harcoort II Majalisa na Tarayya{{Efn|Together comprising the local government area of [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}{{Efn|These two constituencies are within a single LGA. As this table does not differentiate between intra-LGA results, these figures are for the entire LGA which is the same as the data for both constituencies.}}&lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar karamar hukuma ====
Sakamakon zaben ta karamar hukuma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |LGA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kashi na masu halarta
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Abua–Odual|Abua-Odual]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,738
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,763
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |463
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |712
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,676
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Gabas|Ahoada Gabas]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,650
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,408
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,077
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |903
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,038
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Yamma|Ahoada Yamma]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,883
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,425
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,063
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |775
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,146
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Akuku-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,724
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,273
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |222
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |931
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |11,150
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Andoni]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,149
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,319
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1185
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |618
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Asari-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,209
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |12,663
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |179
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |18,322
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Bonny (Rivers)|Bonny]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,285
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,032
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |559
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,571
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,447
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Degema]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,006
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,414
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |920
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Emohua
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,600
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |805
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,270
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Etche|Ƙarƙashin]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,283
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gokana]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,455
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,840
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ikwerre]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,716
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Khana]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Obio-Akpor|Rashin amincewa da Akpor]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,056
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,083
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni|Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,450
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |7,103
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Okrika|Yankin]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Omuma]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Oyigbo]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Port Harcourt (ƙaramar hukuma)|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Harcourt]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Tai]]
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== Dubi kuma ==

* Zaben Najeriya na 2023
* [[Zaben gwamnonin Najeriya 2023|Zaben gwamna na Najeriya na 2023]]

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{2023 Nigeria elections}}{{Elections in Rivers State}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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An gudanar da Zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na shekarar 2023, a ranar 18 ga watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2023, don zabar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers, tare da Zaɓen Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers da sauran zabukan gwamna ashirin da bakwai da zaɓen duk sauran gidajen majalisa na jihar.[1][2] Za a gudanar da zaben - wanda aka jinkirta daga ranar 11 ga watan Maris - makonni uku bayan Zaben shugaban kasa da zaben Majalisar Dokoki.[3] Gwamnan PDP mai ci Ezenwo Nyesom Wike yana da iyakacin wa'adi, kuma ba zai iya neman sake zaben zuwa wa'adi na uku ba.

An shirya zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyya tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 9 ga Yunin shekarar 2022 tare da Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party da ta zabi tsohon mai ba da lissafi na jihar [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a ranar 25 ga Mayu yayin da All Progressives Congress ta zabi dan kasuwa Tonye Cole a ranar 26 ga Mayu.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ibunge |first=Blessing |title=Rivers Accountant General, Fubara, Wins PDP Governorship Primary |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/05/26/rivers-accountant-general-fubara-wins-pdp-governorship-primary/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[ThisDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 May 2022 |title=Tonye Cole wins Rivers APC governorship ticket |url=https://gazettengr.com/tonye-cole-wins-rivers-apc-governorship-ticket/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]] |publisher=[[News Agency of Nigeria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, hukuncin Babban Kotun Tarayya ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC amma Kotun daukaka kara ta soke hukuncin a watan Janairun 2023 .&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sanusi |first=Abiodun |last2=Naku |first2=Dennis |date=25 October 2022 |title=JUST IN: Court nullifies APC primaries in Rivers |url=https://punchng.com/just-in-court-nullifies-apc-primaries-in-rivers/ |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=20 January 2023 |title=Court nullifies suit against Rivers APC gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/court-nullifies-suit-against-rivers-apc-gov-candidate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan an kammala tattarawa a ranar da ta biyo bayan zaben, INEC ta ayyana Fubara a matsayin mai nasara. A cikin sakamakon hukuma, Fubara ya lashe kusan ƙuri'u 303,000 (~ 63% na kuri'un) don kayar da Cole da kusan kuri'un 95,000 (20% na kuri'u), Abe da kusan kuriʼu 47,000 (~ 10% na kuri'a), da Itubo da kusan ƙuri&quot; 22,000 (5% na kuri'an). Sakamakon nan da nan ne 'yan wasan da suka zo na biyu suka ki amincewa da shi saboda rahotanni da yawa game da rashin daidaito da tashin hankali.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cole rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okwa |first=Reuben |date=21 March 2023 |title=Tonye Cole, Others Reject Rivers Gov Election Result, Demand Cancellation |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/03/21/tonye-cole-others-reject-rivers-governorship-election-result-demand-cancellation/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Channels TV]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Abe rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=8 April 2023 |title=Rivers guber: We'll challenge election results, SDP's Abe insists |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/rivers-guber-well-challenge-election-results-sdps-abe-insists/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Itubo rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chukwu |first=Ignatius |date=19 March 2023 |title=Labour Party rejects outcome of Saturday elections in Rivers |url=https://businessday.ng/nigeriadecidesliveupdates/article/labour-party-rejects-outcome-of-saturday-elections-in-rivers/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shari'ar kalubalen shari'a da ta biyo baya ta kai [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]], wacce ta tabbatar da zaben Fubara a cikin hukunce-hukuncen da aka yanke a watan Janairun 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;Supreme Court upholds Fubara victory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=UPDATED: Supreme Court affirms Rivers governor, Fubara's election |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/661993-updated-supreme-court-affirms-rivers-governor-fubaras-election.html |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana kuma zaɓar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zaɓe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu, tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u, da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

== Tarihi ==
Jihar Rivers jihar ce mai yawan jama'a, jiha daban-daban a Kudu tare da manyan man fetur da gas na halitta tare da cibiyoyin masana'antu. Duk da yawan kuɗaɗen shigar da man fetur, jihar tana da manyan batutuwa da yawa tare da ƴan fashi da' yan bindigar man fetur ba bisa ka'ida ba a yankunan kogi yayin da yankunan birane ke da yawan jama'a da gurɓataccen muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A siyasance, zaben 2019 ya kasance ci gaba da ikon PDP na jihar yayin da rashin iyawar APC na jihar don gudanar da zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da rashin cancanta ta kotun. Dan takarar shugaban kasa na PDP [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya lashe jihar da kashi 50% kuma jam'iyyar [[Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|ya sami dukkan kujerun majalisar dattijai guda uku]] yayin da ta mamaye [[Zaben Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|Zaben Majalisar Wakilai]]. A matakin jiha, PDP ta kuma [[2019 Rivers State House of Assembly election|riƙewa]] mafi rinjaye a Majalisar Dokoki kuma Wike ta lashe [[Zaben gwamna na Jihar Legas na 2019|Zaben gwamna]] da yawa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin wa'adin Wike, manufofin wa'adinsa na biyu sune ababen more rayuwa, horo na kasafin kudi, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da hadin kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dangane da aikinsa, an yaba wa Wike don ci gaban ababen more rayuwa, inganta kiwon lafiya, saka hannun jari a wasanni, da turawa kan bunker mai ba bisa ka'ida ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, an soki gwamnatinsa saboda jinkirin watanni na kafa majalisa, sanarwar da ya yi na Rivers a matsayin &quot;jiha ta Kirista&quot; da kuma mummunar martani ga rushewar masallaci, kashe biliyoyin naira don siyan motocin alatu ga 'yan majalisa da alƙalai, ƙoƙarin hana zanga-zangar ba bisa ka'ida ba a lokacin tsawo na zanga-zambe na SARS na 2020, da ya ga damuwa da fara rikice-rikice-rikici na jama'a tare da wasu jami'an da aka zaba, biyan albashi da fansho ba bisa ka-zangar gwamnati ba, da rashin girmamawa    masu mulki na gargajiya   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kevin-Alerechi |first=Elfredah |date=14 October 2020 |title=Rivers residents groan as Wike spends N3.4 billion on luxury cars for judges, politicians |url=https://gazettengr.com/rivers-residents-groan-as-wike-spends-n3-4-billion-on-luxury-cars-for-judges-politicians/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 October 2020 |title=Nigerians React As Gov Wike Bans #EndSARS Protest In Rivers |url=https://www.theheritagetimes.com/nigerians-react-as-gov-wike-bans-endsars-protest-in-rivers/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=The Heritage Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 March 2022 |title=Ranking Nigerian Governors Feb/March 2022: APC Govs' dirty fight, Sanwo-Olu's BRT snag, Wike's uncouthness, Umahi's meltdown |url=https://www.ripplesnigeria.com/ranking-nigerian-governors-feb-march-2022-apc-govs-dirty-fight-sanwo-olus-brt-snag-wikes-uncouthness-umahis-meltdown/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Ripples Nigeria]] |quote=Though we acknowledge Wike's reported passion for his party and other issues, we, however, frown at his constant ranting and hurling of insults, and issuing of threats against his opponents— in their ever-increasing number and classification. We believe Governor Wike will do well for himself in taking one or two lessons in diplomacy, civility in public communication and the gentlemanly requirement for public office holders.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Opara |first=George |date=21 May 2022 |title=2023: Wike pushes for presidency amidst opposition from home turf |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/05/21/2023-wike-pushes-for-presidency-amidst-opposition-from-home-turf/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyebade |first=Wole |date=12 February 2020 |title=Wike's disrespect for ancient stool and the victims |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/wikes-disrespect-for-ancient-stool-and-the-victims/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wike kuma ya zo da wuta saboda yunkurin mulkin mallaka don murkushe 'yan adawa ta hanyar hana zanga-zangar sau da yawa kuma mafi mahimmanci, lokacin da aka kama abokin hamayyarsa a cikin jam'iyya kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] kuma aka ɗaure shi makonni don hana shi yin takarar gwamna.&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police arrest federal lawmaker on Wike's order |url=https://punchng.com/police-arrest-federal-lawmaker-on-wikes-order/ |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police execute Wike's order, arrest PDP governorship aspirant |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627165453/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-date=27 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani mahimmin tushen jayayya shine yadda yake kula da kisan gillar Oy[[Inyamurai|Ibo]] a watan Nuwamba 2020, lokacin da ma'aikatan [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojoji]] suka kai hari kan samari na Igbo a [[Oyigbo]] bayan da IPOB ta kashe sojoji biyar; Wike akai-akai ya musanta duk wani laifi na Sojoji kuma ya tabbatar da mamayar soja na mako-mako na yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Taiwo-Hassan |date=23 November 2020 |title=investigation: Inside the horrific bloodshed and massive extrajudicial killings in Nigeria's Oyigbo community |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/427469-investigation-inside-the-horrific-bloodshed-and-massive-extrajudicial-killings-in-nigerias-oyigbo-community.html |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Princewill |first=Nimi |last2=Kevin-Alerechi |first2=Elfredah |date=2 November 2020 |title=Oyigbo Killings: Nigerian soldiers on reprisal attacks against IPOB elements: Wike |url=https://gazettengr.com/oyigbo-killings-nigerian-soldiers-on-reprisal-attacks-against-ipob-elements-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zaben fidda gwani ==
Za a gudanar da zaben fidda gwani, tare da duk wani kalubale da zai iya samu ga sakamakon fidda gwamna, tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 3 ga Yuni 2022 amma an tsawaita lokacin zuwa 9 ga Yuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;New Dates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jimoh |first=Abbas |date=26 February 2022 |title=INEC Sets New Dates For 2023 General Elections |url=https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=[[Daily Trust]] |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725032251/https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugabannin kabilun kamar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] sun yi kira ga jam'iyyun da su zabi wanda ba Ikwerre ba kamar yadda Ikwerres suka rike gwamna tun 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, duk da samar da kashi mai yawa na yawan mutanen Rivers, babu wani Ogoni da ya taɓa rike gwamna ko mataimakin gwamna, wanda ya haifar da kira don tsarawa na jam'iyyun ga gundumar Sanata ta Kudu maso Gabas ta Ogoni. Wadannan kira, tare da wasu da'awar cewa gwamnan ya kamata ya juya tsakanin yankunan tsaunuka da yankunan kogi, sun haifar da matsin lamba ga jam'iyyun don zabar wani daga yankunan kudancin ko kuma musamman, yankunan Ogoni-mafi yawan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga 'yan takara daga sauran gundumomi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Godwin |first=Ann |date=31 May 2021 |title=Search for Wike's successor roils Rivers as Ogoni eyes 2023 |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/search-for-wikes-successor-roils-rivers-as-ogoni-eyes-2023/ |access-date=2 August 2021 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta tsara gabatarwa, duka APC da PDP sun zabi 'yan siyasa daga yankunan kogi.

=== Dukkanin Majalisa Masu Ci gaba ===
Rikici mai tsawo tsakanin tsohon gwamnan da Ministan Sufuri na tarayya [[Rotimi Amaechi]] da tsohon Sanata [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] wanda ya haifar da rashin cancanta na Rivers APC a cikin 2019 ya ci gaba da gaba da zaben fidda gwani yayin da ƙungiyoyinsu suka gudanar da majalisa daban-daban kuma suka zabi shugabanci daban-daban a cikin 2021; shugabancin APC na kasa daga baya ya yarda da sakamakon majalisa da Amaechi ke tallafawa a matsayin halatta. A matsayin fadada rikicin jam'iyya, akwai rikice-rikice a cikin Rivers APC game da yiwuwar zoning zaben gwamna yayin da Amaechi ke goyon bayan zoning zuwa Kudu maso Gabas yayin da Abe ya yi yaƙi da yanke shawara ta zoning.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Renew Battle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odufowokan |first='Dare |title=Rivers 2023: Amaechi, Abe renew battle for soul of APC |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/rivers-2023-amaechi-abe-renew-battle-for-soul-of-apc/ |access-date=25 November 2021 |website=The Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, ya bayyana a fili cewa ba a warware rikicin jam'iyyar ba yayin da Amaechi da abokansa suka hadu don zabar &quot;dan takarar jam'iyya,&quot; suna sulhunta da Tonye Cole wanda zai kasance dan takarar APC a shekarar 2019 idan ba a dakatar da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake wasu masu neman shiga sun amince da shirin kuma sun fice, Abe da abokan hulɗarsa sun bayyana a fili cewa ba su amince da Cole a matsayin zaɓin jam'iyyar ba tare da wani dan siyasa mai haɗin kai na Abe yana ba'a da Cole a matsayinsa na &quot;abokin kasuwanci na&quot; Amaechi .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, akwai zanga-zangar wasu a cikin jam'iyyar da suka yi tir da tsarin da ba a sani ba da kuma zaɓin Cole saboda bai taɓa rike mukamin da aka zaba ba kuma ana zaton ba shi da tsarin siyasa a jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rashin amincewa, jam'iyyar ta tabbatar da Cole a matsayin zabin yarjejeniya; kodayake sanarwar manema labarai ta lura cewa tunda taron ba tsari ne na jam'iyya ba, Cole ba shi ne wanda aka zaba a hukumance ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, goyon bayan jam'iyyar Cole bai warware gardamar ba yayin da wasu 'yan takara suka yi tambaya game da zaɓin da tsarinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|All Progressives Congress|paragraphs=2|hat=no}}A cikin kwanaki kafin zaben fidda gwani, rikicin jam'iyyar ya kara zurfi yayin da sansanin Abe ya ki amincewa da majalisa na wakilai na wucin gadi kuma ya yi zanga-zanga a sakatariyar jam'iyyar ta jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar farko, Abe ya kauracewa kuma ya ki amincewa da ayyukan fidda gwani kafin a gudanar da zaben fidda gwini kai tsaye kuma ya haifar da Cole ya fito a matsayin dan takarar APC bayan sakamakon ya nuna Cole ya lashe sama da kashi 77% na kuri'un wakilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin jawabinsa na karɓa, Cole ya gode wa wakilai da Amaechi kafin ya nemi Abe da sauransu su haɗa kai da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt; Zai tafi kan zaɓaɓɓen tsohon MHA Innocent Barikor - ɗan kabilar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] daga [[Gokana]] - a matsayin abokin aikinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 June 2022 |title=2023: Rivers APC Picks Barikor As Running Mate to Cole |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628065309/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |archive-date=28 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rokon hadin kai, Abe da wasu tsoffin 'yan takarar firamare biyu sun bar jam'iyyar a watan Yuli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abe zai ci gaba da samun zaben gwamna na SDP.&lt;ref name=&quot;SDP primary&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=30 July 2022 |title=Magnus Abe emerges Rivers SDP gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/breaking-magnus-abe-emerges-rivers-sdp-gov-candidate/ |access-date=3 August 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, karar da aka shigar daga wakilan da ke goyon bayan Abe waɗanda suka yi zargin cewa an hana su ikon yin zabe a zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da soke zaben fidda gashin gashin gashi na APC ta Babban Kotun Tarayya a ranar 25 ga Oktoba. &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; Rivers APC ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin, tana mai cewa kotun ba ta da iko a kan batun jam'iyya na ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; Kotun daukaka kara ta goyi bayan APC a watan Janairun 2023, ta sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;/&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* Tonye Cole: ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan tsohon jakadan [[Patrick Dele-Cole]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nwisi |first=Rosemary |date=11 April 2022 |title=Dakuku, Cole, Princewill, George, six others join Rivers APC gov race |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/dakuku-cole-princewill-george-six-others-join-rivers-apc-gov-race/ |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abokin aiki - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;[3]
** Abokin gudu - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi ====

* [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]: member of the [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|NNPC]] Board (2020–present) and former senator for Rivers South East (2011–2015; 2016–2019) (defected after the primary to successfully run in the SDP gubernatorial primary)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;
* [[Sokonte Davies]]: former [[Hukumar Tashar Jirgin ruwa ta Nijeriya|Nigerian Ports Authority]] official&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]: former [[Asari-Toru]] Local Government Chairman&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Ibinabo Michael West: former Commissioner for Transportation&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Bernard Mikko]]: former [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|House of Representatives]] member for Khana/Gokana (1999–2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== Ya janye ====

* [[Biokpomabo Awara]]: 2019 AAC mai gabatarwa gwamna &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;
* [[Francis Ada Ebenezer]]: mai lissafi da mai wa'azi &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dawari George]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Akuku Toru / Asari Toru kuma tsohon Kwamishinan Makamashi da albarkatun kasa (ya sauya sheka bayan zaben fidda gwani don samun nasarar gudanarwa a zaben fidda gashin gwani na AA) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dakuku Peterside]]: tsohon Darakta Janar na [[Hukumar Kula da Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya|Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Tsaro ta Najeriya]] (2016-2020), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Andoni-[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]] (2011-2015), wanda aka zaba a matsayin gwamna na APC na 2015, tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka (2007-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Opobo-Nkuro (2002-2003) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tonye Princewill]]: 2015 LP gwamna noman, 2007 AC gwamna nomin, kuma ɗan tsohon Amanyanabo na Kalabari Kingdom Theophilus J.T. Princewill (ya fice bayan firamare) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Mina Tende]]: tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar [[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=APC primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Tonye Cole]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=986|percentage=77.58%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=190|percentage=14.95%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Sokonte Davies]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=49|percentage=3.86%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ibinabo Michael West]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=43|percentage=3.38%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Bernard Mikko]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=2|percentage=0.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Magnus Abe]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=1|percentage=0.08%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}Ba kamar jam'iyyar APC ta jihar ba, Rivers PDP ba ta fuskanci rikice-rikicen cikin gida kai tsaye a gaban jam'iyyar fidda gwani yayin da Wike ke da iko kai tsaye a kan yawancin jam'iyyar. Koyaya, yayin da firamare ke gabatowa, gwagwarmaya kan hanyar firamare da salon jagorancin Wike ya fara bayyanawa daga rahotanni wanda ya kai ga babban zanga-zanga a sakatariyar Rivers PDP a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mai goyon bayan zanga-zangar kuma abokin hamayyar Wike, memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] yana neman gwamna har sai Wike ya zargi Dagogo da tallafawa 'yan fashi don kai hari kan sakatariyar jam'iyyar a ranar 27 ga Afrilu kuma ya umarci' yan sanda su kama shi ranar da ta gabata kafin binciken gwamna na PDP.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagogo, wanda ya riga ya sayi kuma ya gabatar da fom don yin takara a zaben fidda gwani, ya yi ƙoƙari ya halarci aikin tantance jam'iyya a ranar 28 ga Afrilu amma 'yan sanda suka tsare shi kuma suka tsare shi a kurkuku har abada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mataimakan Dagogo tare da kungiyoyin farar hula sun yi tir da kama shi a matsayin manufa ta siyasa kuma sun yi kira ga a saki Dagogo amma PDP kawai ta hana shi daga zaben fidda gwani saboda 'rashin halarta a tantancewa.'   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released|access-date=3 May 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSERAP2022&quot;&gt;SERAP [@SERAPNigeria] (30 April 2022). [https://x.com/SERAPNigeria/status/1520428431246307338 &quot;Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released&quot;] ([[Tweet (social media)|Tweet]])&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;3 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt; &amp;#x2013; via [[Twitter]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=May 2022 |title=16 Governorship Aspirants Scale PDP Screening In Rivers |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/16-governorship-aspirants-scale-pdp-screening-in-rivers/ |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Adamawa State gubernatorial election|People's Democratic Party|paragraphs=1|hat=no}}In the days directly before the primary, reports emerged that Wike had settled on [[Siminalayi Fubara]]—the immediate past Accountant General of Rivers State—as his preferred candidate despite the [[Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta EFCC|Economic and Financial Crimes Commission]] declaring Fubara wanted for fraud on 24 May.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the primary date, the candidates contested an indirect primary that ended with Fubara's nomination after results showed him winning over 81% of the delegates' votes; several other candidates did not attend the event.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his acceptance speech, Fubara vowed to continue the work of the Wike administration. After the primary, it was noted that Fubara's riverine origin and [[Mutanen Ijaw|Ijaw ethnicity]] were a move in favor of a power shift after Wike's governorship.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt; However, Fubara still faced opposition from the EFCC as agents attempted to arrest him on 8 June and were stopped by Fubara's armed thugs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite his status as a fugitive, Fubara commenced his campaign and selected [[Ngozi Odu]]—a former commissioner from [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]]—as his running mate later in June.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 June 2022 |title=NGOZI ODU IS RIVERS PDP DEPUTY GOVERNORSHIP CANDIDATE |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622095319/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* [[Siminalayi Fubara]]: tsohon Babban Mai ba da lissafi na jihar&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=13 April 2022 |title=Wike's aides resign, 13 aspirants jostle for PDP ticket |url=https://punchng.com/wikes-aides-resign-13-aspirants-jostle-for-pdp-ticket/ |access-date=14 April 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt; Matashi mai gudu - Ngozi Odu: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi[4]
** Mataki mai gudu - [[Ngozi Odu]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi a firamare ====

* David Briggs: tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;
* Abieatedoghu Bob-Abbey Hart: 2015 PDP shugaban kasa dan takara &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Tammy Danagogo: Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2019-2022) kuma tsohon Ministan Wasanni (2014-2015) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Dax George-Kelly: tsohon mai ba da shawara ga Gwamna Wike&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tele Ikuru]]: tsohon [[Mataimakin gwamnan Jihar Rivers|Mataimakin Gwamna]] (2007; 2007-2015), tsohon Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane (2004-2006), tsohon Kwamishina na Aikin Gona da Albarkatun Halitta (1999-2003), kuma dan uwan tsohon Shugaban PDP na kasa Uche Secondus &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot; /&gt;
* [[Boma Iyaye]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Wasanni (2008-2009; 2009-2011; 2015-2022) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Ogu-Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Isaac Kamalu: tsohon Kwamishinan Kudi (2019-2022), tsohon Kwamishina na Kasafin Kudi da Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki (2015-2019), kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dattijai na Eleme (2007-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Lee Maeba]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2003-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odiegwu |first=Mike |title=Cracks as Rivers PDP mulls consensus governorship candidate |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/cracks-as-rivers-pdp-mulls-consensus-governorship-candidate/ |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Olaka Nwogu]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2015-2016), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na [[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]] / Oyigbo / Tai (1999-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Eleme &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Felix A. Obuah]]: tsohon Shugaban PDP na Jihar Rivers&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Austin Opara]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Port Harcourt II (1999-2007) kuma tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Wakili &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[George Thompson Sekibo]]: Sanata na Rivers East (2007-2017; 2019-yanzu) da kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Okrika / Ogu / Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Precious Sekibo: tsohon Ministan Sufuri (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Morgan Tom-West  &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== An hana shi ta kwamitin tantancewa ====

* [[Farah Dagogo]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Degema / Bonny (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Degema (wanda aka hana shi saboda rashin halarta a gwajin gwaji) &lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;

==== Ya ƙi ====

* [[Dum Dekor|Dunamene Dekor]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Khana / Gokana (2019-yanzu), tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka, kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar na Khana II &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;
* Kenneth Kobani: tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2015-2019) kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Masana'antu, Ciniki da Zuba Jari &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;
* [[Barry Mpigi]]: Sanata na Rivers Kudu maso Gabas (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Eleme / Oyigbo / Tai (2011-2019) &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=PDP primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Siminalayi Fubara]]}}|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=721|percentage=81.01%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Isaac Kamalu]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=86|percentage=9.66%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dax George-Kelly|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=37|percentage=4.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tammy Danagogo]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=36|percentage=4.04%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=David Briggs|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Morgan Tom-West]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Felix A. Obuah]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=2|percentage=0.22%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Other candidates|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=0|percentage=0.00%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

=== Ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ===
 

== Yaƙin neman zaɓe ==
Nan da nan bayan zaben fidda gwani, masu sharhi sun rarraba zaben a matsayin gwagwarmaya tsakanin gwamnan mai barin gado [[Ezenwo Wike|Ezenwo Nyesom Wike]] (PDP) da tsohon gwamnan [[Rotimi Amaechi]] (APC) duk da kasancewa zaben gwamnan Jihar Rivers na farko tun 2003 wanda babu Wike ko Amaechi 'yan takara.{{Efn|Although Amaechi's name was not on the ballot in the [[2007 Rivers State gubernatorial election|2007 election]], he successfully sued to be a legitimate candidate.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fubara da Cole suna da alaƙa sosai da Wike da Amaechi, bi da bi, wanda ya haifar da lakabin babban zaben a matsayin ci gaba da gwagwarmayar iko tsakanin su biyu. Koyaya, fitowar [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] - tsohon sanata wanda ya shafe shekaru yana jayayya da Amaechi kan kula da APC na jihar - yayin da dan takarar SDP ya kara da rashin tabbas ga zaben. Abubuwa mafi mahimmanci sun haɗa da shari'ar cin hanci da rashawa ta Fubara da kuma rikici na Wike da PDP na kasa game da sakamakon zaben fidda gwani na shugaban kasa, wanda ya rasa a watan Mayu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci a watan Oktoba 2022 wanda ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; An kwatanta hukuncin da sauri da irin wannan hukuncin da ya hana Rivers APC shiga gasar a shekarar 2019; &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; jam'iyyar ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin kuma ta yi alkawarin yin takara a zaben.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan da ya biyo baya, a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, an saki zaben farko na jama'a - wanda NIO Polls ya gudanar kuma Gidauniyar Anap ta ba da izini - don tseren tare da nuna filin da aka raba sosai wanda Fubara ya jagoranci yayin da Cole (wanda aka haɗa duk da hukuncin kotu) da Abe suka biyo baya a karo na biyu da na uku, bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayin da zaben ya kusa, an sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba ta hanyar Kotun daukaka kara a watan Janairun 2023. A watan da ya biyo baya, kungiyar Rivers State Governorship Debate Group ta gudanar da muhawara a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu; Abe, Cole, da kuma dan takarar LP Beatrice Itubo sun halarci yayin da Fubara da dan takarar Accord Dumo Lulu-Briggs ba su nan.&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 February 2023 |title=2023 polls: Rivers PDP guber candidate, Sim Fubara shuns debate |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/20/2023-polls-rivers-pdp-guber-candidate-sim-fubara-shuns-debate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya a watan Fabrairu, mayar da hankali ga zaben shugaban kasa da ke gabatowa a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu. A cikin zaben, Jihar Rivers ta zabi [[Bola Tinubu]] (APC) a cikin gardama; sakamakon da aka ayyana ya nuna Tinubu ya lashe jihar da kashi 44.2% na kuri'un don kayar da Peter Obi (LP) da kashi 33.4% da [[Atiku Abubakar]] (PDP) da kashi 16.9%. Zaben, wanda ya cika da rashin daidaito da zarge-zargen zamba, ya haifar da sabuntawa ga tseren gwamna yayin da rahotanni na tsangwama na zaben da Wike ya jagoranta don goyon bayan Tinubu ya haifar da damuwa game da irin wannan kokarin ga Fubara. Masu sharhi sun lura da yiwuwar rashin jin daɗi na masu jefa kuri'a saboda ma'anar cewa ainihin kuri'un ba su da tasiri ga sakamakon da aka sanar saboda rahotanni masu yawa daga Fabrairu tare da tsoron tashin hankali da aka yi niyya a sansanonin adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran abubuwan da masana suka yi la'akari da su sun haɗa da yanayin siyasa mai rikitarwa, tsattsauran ra'ayi game da wadanda ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba, da ci gaba da kai hare-hare kan masu adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tattaunawar zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|+Muhawara game da zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na 2023
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Masu shirya taron
! colspan=&quot;7&quot; |&lt;{{Font color|black|#FF9090|&amp;nbsp;A&amp;nbsp;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Accord (Nijeriya)|A]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Nigeria Labour Party|LP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |Sauran jam'iyyun
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Accord (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Labour Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Others}};&quot; |
|-
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |4 ga Fabrairu
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |[[Rivers State Governorship Debate Group|Kungiyar Tattaunawar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers]]
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Lulu-Briggs}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Tonye Cole|Cole]]}}}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Beatrice Itubo|Itubo]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|[[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Magnus Abe|Abe]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#A2B2C2;&quot; |'''NI'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Multiple}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;/&gt;
|}

=== Zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:14px;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Kungiyar zabe / abokin ciniki
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar Aikin Gida&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Samfurin samfur&lt;br /&gt;
![[Fayil:Tonye_Cole.jpg|80x80px]]
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''PDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''SDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ba a yanke shawara ba
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Babu wani amsa / Babu wani amsa/An ƙi
|-
!Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Magnus Ngei Abe|Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/pdps-siminalayi-fubara-has-a-narrow-lead-in-a-severely-fragmented-race NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Oktoba 2022
|500
|14%
|11%
|6%
|12%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 4%; [[Tekena Iyagba]] (BP): 3%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Other candidates: 3%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''37%'''
|20%{{Efn|Refused: 18%; None: 2%}}
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/rivers-pdps-siminalayi-fubara-maintains-lead-but-sdps-magnus-abe-has-momentum NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Fabrairu 2023
|N/A
|10%
|20%
|11%
|11%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 6%; [[Dawari George]] (AA): 2%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Victor Tamie Fingesi: 1%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''23%'''
|25%{{Efn|Refused: 24%; None: 1%}}
|-
|}

== Tsinkaya ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!Tushen
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tsinkaya
!Ya zuwa yanzu
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Nowrap|[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]{{efn|AfricaElects projections predict the likelihood of a candidate winning a state by categorizing a state as &quot;Safe&quot; for exceedingly likely, &quot;Likely&quot; for somewhat likely, and &quot;Lean&quot; for least likely. If no clear determination could be made, states are categorized as &quot;tossups&quot;.}}}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Africa Elects ratings&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Elimian |first=Adrian |title=Nigerian Gubernatorial Elections: State Ratings |url=https://africaelects.com/2023/03/18/nigerian-gubernatorial-elections-state-ratings/ |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00c00e&quot; |Wataƙila Fubara
|17 Maris 2023
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |Ya isa ya isa ya zama {{Nowrap|[[SBM Intelligence]]{{efn|EiE-SBM projections predict which candidates will win states.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;EiE-SBM March projections&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=The EiE-SBM 2023 Election forecast: Diminished interest in state elections will make for poor outcomes |url=https://www.sbmintel.com/2023/03/the-eie-sbm-2023-election-forecast-diminished-interest-in-state-elections-will-make-for-poor-outcomes/ |website=SBM Intelligence |date=2 March 2023 |access-date=16 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#009404&quot; |Fubara
|2 ga Maris 2023
|-
|}

== Halin da ake yi ==

=== Lokaci na zaɓe ===
{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|Electoral timetable|hat=no}}

== Babban Zabe ==

=== Sakamakon ===
{{Election box begin no change|title=2023 Rivers State gubernatorial election}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dumo Lulu-Briggs|party=Accord (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dawari George]]|party=Action Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Victor Tamie Fingesi]]|party=Action Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Leesi Gabriel Gborogbosi|party=Action Peoples Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dada Joseph Ngechu Obele]]|party=African Action Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonte Ibraye]]|party=African Democratic Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Faye-Ofori Churchill]]|party=Allied Peoples Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonye Cole]]|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=95,274|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Ugochukwu Prince Beke]]|party=All Progressives Grand Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tekena Iyagba]]|party=Boot Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Beatrice Itubo]]|party=Labour Party (Nigeria)|votes=22,224|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Sam Agwor]]|party=New Nigeria Peoples Party|votes=335|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Jackrich Sobomabo]]|party=National Rescue Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Siminalayi Fubara]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=302,614|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Magnus Abe]]|party=Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Danagogo Wenike-Briggs]]|party=Young Progressives Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Leyii Kwanee]]|party=Zenith Labour Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

==== Ta hanyar gundumar sanata ====
Sakamakon zaben ta gundumar sanata.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gundumar Sanata
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gundumar Sanatan Rivers ta Gabas|Gundumar Sanata ta Gabas ta Rivers]]{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]], [[Etche]], [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]], [[Obio-Akpor]], [[Ogu–Bolo]], [[Okrika]], [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]], and [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Kogin Kudu maso Gabas na Gundumar Sanata{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]], [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]], [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]], [[Opobo–Nkoro]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Sanata ta Yammacin Kogin{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]], [[Ahoada East]], [[Ahoada West]], [[Akuku-Toru]], [[Asari-Toru]], [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]], [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]], and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar mazabar tarayya ====
Sakamakon zaben ta mazabar tarayya.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mazabar Tarayya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Abua/Odua/Ahoada Gabashin Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]] and [[Ahoada East]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ahoada West/Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ahoada East]] and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Tarayyar Akuku Toru / Asari Toru{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Akuku-Toru]] and [[Asari-Toru]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Andoni/Opobo/Nkoro Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]] and [[Opobo–Nkoro]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Degema / Bonny Mazabar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]] and [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Eleme/Oyigbo/Tai Tarayyar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Yankin Etche/Omuma na Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Etche]] and [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ikwerre/Emohua Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]] and [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Khana/Gokana Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]] and [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Obio/Akpor Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government area of [[Obio-Akpor]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Okrika/Ogu/Bolo Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ogu–Bolo]] and [[Okrika]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Port Harcourt I Majalisa ta Tarayya da Port Harcoort II Majalisa na Tarayya{{Efn|Together comprising the local government area of [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}{{Efn|These two constituencies are within a single LGA. As this table does not differentiate between intra-LGA results, these figures are for the entire LGA which is the same as the data for both constituencies.}}&lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar karamar hukuma ====
Sakamakon zaben ta karamar hukuma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |LGA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kashi na masu halarta
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Abua–Odual|Abua-Odual]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,738
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,763
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |463
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |712
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,676
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Gabas|Ahoada Gabas]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,650
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,408
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,077
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |903
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,038
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Yamma|Ahoada Yamma]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,883
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,425
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,063
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |775
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,146
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Akuku-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,724
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,273
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |222
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |931
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |11,150
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Andoni]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,149
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,319
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1185
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |618
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Asari-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,209
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |12,663
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |179
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |18,322
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Bonny (Rivers)|Bonny]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,285
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,032
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |559
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,571
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,447
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Degema]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,437
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |579
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,006
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,129
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,414
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,251
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |920
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,247
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Emohua
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,916
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,600
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |805
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,270
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Etche|Ƙarƙashin]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,043
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,586
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,283
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |26,320
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gokana]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,455
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,840
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |755
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ikwerre]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,716
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Khana]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Obio-Akpor|Rashin amincewa da Akpor]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,056
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,083
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni|Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,729
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,450
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,391
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |7,103
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |310
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Okrika|Yankin]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,342
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Omuma]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,760
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Oyigbo]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Port Harcourt (ƙaramar hukuma)|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Harcourt]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |26,892
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Tai]]
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== Dubi kuma ==

* Zaben Najeriya na 2023
* [[Zaben gwamnonin Najeriya 2023|Zaben gwamna na Najeriya na 2023]]

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{2023 Nigeria elections}}{{Elections in Rivers State}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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An gudanar da Zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na shekarar 2023, a ranar 18 ga watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2023, don zabar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers, tare da Zaɓen Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers da sauran zabukan gwamna ashirin da bakwai da zaɓen duk sauran gidajen majalisa na jihar.[1][2] Za a gudanar da zaben - wanda aka jinkirta daga ranar 11 ga watan Maris - makonni uku bayan Zaben shugaban kasa da zaben Majalisar Dokoki.[3] Gwamnan PDP mai ci Ezenwo Nyesom Wike yana da iyakacin wa'adi, kuma ba zai iya neman sake zaben zuwa wa'adi na uku ba.

An shirya zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyya tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 9 ga Yunin shekarar 2022 tare da Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party da ta zabi tsohon mai ba da lissafi na jihar [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a ranar 25 ga Mayu yayin da All Progressives Congress ta zabi dan kasuwa Tonye Cole a ranar 26 ga Mayu.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ibunge |first=Blessing |title=Rivers Accountant General, Fubara, Wins PDP Governorship Primary |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/05/26/rivers-accountant-general-fubara-wins-pdp-governorship-primary/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[ThisDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 May 2022 |title=Tonye Cole wins Rivers APC governorship ticket |url=https://gazettengr.com/tonye-cole-wins-rivers-apc-governorship-ticket/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]] |publisher=[[News Agency of Nigeria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, hukuncin Babban Kotun Tarayya ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC amma Kotun daukaka kara ta soke hukuncin a watan Janairun 2023 .&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sanusi |first=Abiodun |last2=Naku |first2=Dennis |date=25 October 2022 |title=JUST IN: Court nullifies APC primaries in Rivers |url=https://punchng.com/just-in-court-nullifies-apc-primaries-in-rivers/ |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=20 January 2023 |title=Court nullifies suit against Rivers APC gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/court-nullifies-suit-against-rivers-apc-gov-candidate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan an kammala tattarawa a ranar da ta biyo bayan zaben, INEC ta ayyana Fubara a matsayin mai nasara. A cikin sakamakon hukuma, Fubara ya lashe kusan ƙuri'u 303,000 (~ 63% na kuri'un) don kayar da Cole da kusan kuri'un 95,000 (20% na kuri'u), Abe da kusan kuriʼu 47,000 (~ 10% na kuri'a), da Itubo da kusan ƙuri&quot; 22,000 (5% na kuri'an). Sakamakon nan da nan ne 'yan wasan da suka zo na biyu suka ki amincewa da shi saboda rahotanni da yawa game da rashin daidaito da tashin hankali.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cole rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okwa |first=Reuben |date=21 March 2023 |title=Tonye Cole, Others Reject Rivers Gov Election Result, Demand Cancellation |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/03/21/tonye-cole-others-reject-rivers-governorship-election-result-demand-cancellation/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Channels TV]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Abe rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=8 April 2023 |title=Rivers guber: We'll challenge election results, SDP's Abe insists |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/rivers-guber-well-challenge-election-results-sdps-abe-insists/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Itubo rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chukwu |first=Ignatius |date=19 March 2023 |title=Labour Party rejects outcome of Saturday elections in Rivers |url=https://businessday.ng/nigeriadecidesliveupdates/article/labour-party-rejects-outcome-of-saturday-elections-in-rivers/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shari'ar kalubalen shari'a da ta biyo baya ta kai [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]], wacce ta tabbatar da zaben Fubara a cikin hukunce-hukuncen da aka yanke a watan Janairun 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;Supreme Court upholds Fubara victory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=UPDATED: Supreme Court affirms Rivers governor, Fubara's election |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/661993-updated-supreme-court-affirms-rivers-governor-fubaras-election.html |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana kuma zaɓar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zaɓe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu, tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u, da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

== Tarihi ==
Jihar Rivers jihar ce mai yawan jama'a, jiha daban-daban a Kudu tare da manyan man fetur da gas na halitta tare da cibiyoyin masana'antu. Duk da yawan kuɗaɗen shigar da man fetur, jihar tana da manyan batutuwa da yawa tare da ƴan fashi da' yan bindigar man fetur ba bisa ka'ida ba a yankunan kogi yayin da yankunan birane ke da yawan jama'a da gurɓataccen muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A siyasance, zaɓen shekara ta 2019 ya kasance ci gaba da ikon PDP na jihar yayin da rashin iyawar APC na jihar don gudanar da zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da rashin cancanta ta kotun. Dan takarar shugaban kasa na PDP [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya lashe jihar da kashi 50% kuma jam'iyyar [[Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|ya sami dukkan kujerun majalisar dattijai guda uku]] yayin da ta mamaye [[Zaben Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|Zaben Majalisar Wakilai]]. A matakin jiha, PDP ta kuma [[2019 Rivers State House of Assembly election|riƙewa]] mafi rinjaye a Majalisar Dokoki kuma Wike ta lashe [[Zaben gwamna na Jihar Legas na 2019|Zaben gwamna]] da yawa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin wa'adin Wike, manufofin wa'adinsa na biyu sune ababen more rayuwa, horo na kasafin kudi, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da hadin kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dangane da aikinsa, an yaba wa Wike don ci gaban ababen more rayuwa, inganta kiwon lafiya, saka hannun jari a wasanni, da turawa kan bunker mai ba bisa ka'ida ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, an soki gwamnatinsa saboda jinkirin watanni na kafa majalisa, sanarwar da ya yi na Rivers a matsayin &quot;jiha ta Kirista&quot; da kuma mummunar martani ga rushewar masallaci, kashe biliyoyin naira don siyan motocin alatu ga 'yan majalisa da alƙalai, ƙoƙarin hana zanga-zangar ba bisa ka'ida ba a lokacin tsawo na zanga-zambe na SARS na 2020, da ya ga damuwa da fara rikice-rikice-rikici na jama'a tare da wasu jami'an da aka zaba, biyan albashi da fansho ba bisa ka-zangar gwamnati ba, da rashin girmamawa    masu mulki na gargajiya   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kevin-Alerechi |first=Elfredah |date=14 October 2020 |title=Rivers residents groan as Wike spends N3.4 billion on luxury cars for judges, politicians |url=https://gazettengr.com/rivers-residents-groan-as-wike-spends-n3-4-billion-on-luxury-cars-for-judges-politicians/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 October 2020 |title=Nigerians React As Gov Wike Bans #EndSARS Protest In Rivers |url=https://www.theheritagetimes.com/nigerians-react-as-gov-wike-bans-endsars-protest-in-rivers/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=The Heritage Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 March 2022 |title=Ranking Nigerian Governors Feb/March 2022: APC Govs' dirty fight, Sanwo-Olu's BRT snag, Wike's uncouthness, Umahi's meltdown |url=https://www.ripplesnigeria.com/ranking-nigerian-governors-feb-march-2022-apc-govs-dirty-fight-sanwo-olus-brt-snag-wikes-uncouthness-umahis-meltdown/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Ripples Nigeria]] |quote=Though we acknowledge Wike's reported passion for his party and other issues, we, however, frown at his constant ranting and hurling of insults, and issuing of threats against his opponents— in their ever-increasing number and classification. We believe Governor Wike will do well for himself in taking one or two lessons in diplomacy, civility in public communication and the gentlemanly requirement for public office holders.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Opara |first=George |date=21 May 2022 |title=2023: Wike pushes for presidency amidst opposition from home turf |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/05/21/2023-wike-pushes-for-presidency-amidst-opposition-from-home-turf/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyebade |first=Wole |date=12 February 2020 |title=Wike's disrespect for ancient stool and the victims |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/wikes-disrespect-for-ancient-stool-and-the-victims/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wike kuma ya zo da wuta saboda yunkurin mulkin mallaka don murkushe 'yan adawa ta hanyar hana zanga-zangar sau da yawa kuma mafi mahimmanci, lokacin da aka kama abokin hamayyarsa a cikin jam'iyya kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] kuma aka ɗaure shi makonni don hana shi yin takarar gwamna.&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police arrest federal lawmaker on Wike's order |url=https://punchng.com/police-arrest-federal-lawmaker-on-wikes-order/ |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police execute Wike's order, arrest PDP governorship aspirant |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627165453/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-date=27 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani mahimmin tushen jayayya shine yadda yake kula da kisan gillar Oy[[Inyamurai|Ibo]] a watan Nuwamba 2020, lokacin da ma'aikatan [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojoji]] suka kai hari kan samari na Igbo a [[Oyigbo]] bayan da IPOB ta kashe sojoji biyar; Wike akai-akai ya musanta duk wani laifi na Sojoji kuma ya tabbatar da mamayar soja na mako-mako na yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Taiwo-Hassan |date=23 November 2020 |title=investigation: Inside the horrific bloodshed and massive extrajudicial killings in Nigeria's Oyigbo community |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/427469-investigation-inside-the-horrific-bloodshed-and-massive-extrajudicial-killings-in-nigerias-oyigbo-community.html |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Princewill |first=Nimi |last2=Kevin-Alerechi |first2=Elfredah |date=2 November 2020 |title=Oyigbo Killings: Nigerian soldiers on reprisal attacks against IPOB elements: Wike |url=https://gazettengr.com/oyigbo-killings-nigerian-soldiers-on-reprisal-attacks-against-ipob-elements-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zaben fidda gwani ==
Za a gudanar da zaben fidda gwani, tare da duk wani kalubale da zai iya samu ga sakamakon fidda gwamna, tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 3 ga Yuni 2022 amma an tsawaita lokacin zuwa 9 ga Yuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;New Dates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jimoh |first=Abbas |date=26 February 2022 |title=INEC Sets New Dates For 2023 General Elections |url=https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=[[Daily Trust]] |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725032251/https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugabannin kabilun kamar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] sun yi kira ga jam'iyyun da su zabi wanda ba Ikwerre ba kamar yadda Ikwerres suka rike gwamna tun 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, duk da samar da kashi mai yawa na yawan mutanen Rivers, babu wani Ogoni da ya taɓa rike gwamna ko mataimakin gwamna, wanda ya haifar da kira don tsarawa na jam'iyyun ga gundumar Sanata ta Kudu maso Gabas ta Ogoni. Wadannan kira, tare da wasu da'awar cewa gwamnan ya kamata ya juya tsakanin yankunan tsaunuka da yankunan kogi, sun haifar da matsin lamba ga jam'iyyun don zabar wani daga yankunan kudancin ko kuma musamman, yankunan Ogoni-mafi yawan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga 'yan takara daga sauran gundumomi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Godwin |first=Ann |date=31 May 2021 |title=Search for Wike's successor roils Rivers as Ogoni eyes 2023 |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/search-for-wikes-successor-roils-rivers-as-ogoni-eyes-2023/ |access-date=2 August 2021 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta tsara gabatarwa, duka APC da PDP sun zabi 'yan siyasa daga yankunan kogi.

=== Dukkanin Majalisa Masu Ci gaba ===
Rikici mai tsawo tsakanin tsohon gwamnan da Ministan Sufuri na tarayya [[Rotimi Amaechi]] da tsohon Sanata [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] wanda ya haifar da rashin cancanta na Rivers APC a cikin 2019 ya ci gaba da gaba da zaben fidda gwani yayin da ƙungiyoyinsu suka gudanar da majalisa daban-daban kuma suka zabi shugabanci daban-daban a cikin 2021; shugabancin APC na kasa daga baya ya yarda da sakamakon majalisa da Amaechi ke tallafawa a matsayin halatta. A matsayin fadada rikicin jam'iyya, akwai rikice-rikice a cikin Rivers APC game da yiwuwar zoning zaben gwamna yayin da Amaechi ke goyon bayan zoning zuwa Kudu maso Gabas yayin da Abe ya yi yaƙi da yanke shawara ta zoning.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Renew Battle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odufowokan |first='Dare |title=Rivers 2023: Amaechi, Abe renew battle for soul of APC |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/rivers-2023-amaechi-abe-renew-battle-for-soul-of-apc/ |access-date=25 November 2021 |website=The Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, ya bayyana a fili cewa ba a warware rikicin jam'iyyar ba yayin da Amaechi da abokansa suka hadu don zabar &quot;dan takarar jam'iyya,&quot; suna sulhunta da Tonye Cole wanda zai kasance dan takarar APC a shekarar 2019 idan ba a dakatar da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake wasu masu neman shiga sun amince da shirin kuma sun fice, Abe da abokan hulɗarsa sun bayyana a fili cewa ba su amince da Cole a matsayin zaɓin jam'iyyar ba tare da wani dan siyasa mai haɗin kai na Abe yana ba'a da Cole a matsayinsa na &quot;abokin kasuwanci na&quot; Amaechi .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, akwai zanga-zangar wasu a cikin jam'iyyar da suka yi tir da tsarin da ba a sani ba da kuma zaɓin Cole saboda bai taɓa rike mukamin da aka zaba ba kuma ana zaton ba shi da tsarin siyasa a jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rashin amincewa, jam'iyyar ta tabbatar da Cole a matsayin zabin yarjejeniya; kodayake sanarwar manema labarai ta lura cewa tunda taron ba tsari ne na jam'iyya ba, Cole ba shi ne wanda aka zaba a hukumance ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, goyon bayan jam'iyyar Cole bai warware gardamar ba yayin da wasu 'yan takara suka yi tambaya game da zaɓin da tsarinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|All Progressives Congress|paragraphs=2|hat=no}}A cikin kwanaki kafin zaben fidda gwani, rikicin jam'iyyar ya kara zurfi yayin da sansanin Abe ya ki amincewa da majalisa na wakilai na wucin gadi kuma ya yi zanga-zanga a sakatariyar jam'iyyar ta jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar farko, Abe ya kauracewa kuma ya ki amincewa da ayyukan fidda gwani kafin a gudanar da zaben fidda gwini kai tsaye kuma ya haifar da Cole ya fito a matsayin dan takarar APC bayan sakamakon ya nuna Cole ya lashe sama da kashi 77% na kuri'un wakilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin jawabinsa na karɓa, Cole ya gode wa wakilai da Amaechi kafin ya nemi Abe da sauransu su haɗa kai da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt; Zai tafi kan zaɓaɓɓen tsohon MHA Innocent Barikor - ɗan kabilar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] daga [[Gokana]] - a matsayin abokin aikinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 June 2022 |title=2023: Rivers APC Picks Barikor As Running Mate to Cole |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628065309/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |archive-date=28 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rokon hadin kai, Abe da wasu tsoffin 'yan takarar firamare biyu sun bar jam'iyyar a watan Yuli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abe zai ci gaba da samun zaben gwamna na SDP.&lt;ref name=&quot;SDP primary&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=30 July 2022 |title=Magnus Abe emerges Rivers SDP gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/breaking-magnus-abe-emerges-rivers-sdp-gov-candidate/ |access-date=3 August 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, karar da aka shigar daga wakilan da ke goyon bayan Abe waɗanda suka yi zargin cewa an hana su ikon yin zabe a zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da soke zaben fidda gashin gashin gashi na APC ta Babban Kotun Tarayya a ranar 25 ga Oktoba. &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; Rivers APC ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin, tana mai cewa kotun ba ta da iko a kan batun jam'iyya na ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; Kotun daukaka kara ta goyi bayan APC a watan Janairun 2023, ta sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;/&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* Tonye Cole: ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan tsohon jakadan [[Patrick Dele-Cole]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nwisi |first=Rosemary |date=11 April 2022 |title=Dakuku, Cole, Princewill, George, six others join Rivers APC gov race |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/dakuku-cole-princewill-george-six-others-join-rivers-apc-gov-race/ |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abokin aiki - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;[3]
** Abokin gudu - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi ====

* [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]: member of the [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|NNPC]] Board (2020–present) and former senator for Rivers South East (2011–2015; 2016–2019) (defected after the primary to successfully run in the SDP gubernatorial primary)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;
* [[Sokonte Davies]]: former [[Hukumar Tashar Jirgin ruwa ta Nijeriya|Nigerian Ports Authority]] official&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]: former [[Asari-Toru]] Local Government Chairman&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Ibinabo Michael West: former Commissioner for Transportation&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Bernard Mikko]]: former [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|House of Representatives]] member for Khana/Gokana (1999–2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== Ya janye ====

* [[Biokpomabo Awara]]: 2019 AAC mai gabatarwa gwamna &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;
* [[Francis Ada Ebenezer]]: mai lissafi da mai wa'azi &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dawari George]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Akuku Toru / Asari Toru kuma tsohon Kwamishinan Makamashi da albarkatun kasa (ya sauya sheka bayan zaben fidda gwani don samun nasarar gudanarwa a zaben fidda gashin gwani na AA) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dakuku Peterside]]: tsohon Darakta Janar na [[Hukumar Kula da Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya|Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Tsaro ta Najeriya]] (2016-2020), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Andoni-[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]] (2011-2015), wanda aka zaba a matsayin gwamna na APC na 2015, tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka (2007-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Opobo-Nkuro (2002-2003) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tonye Princewill]]: 2015 LP gwamna noman, 2007 AC gwamna nomin, kuma ɗan tsohon Amanyanabo na Kalabari Kingdom Theophilus J.T. Princewill (ya fice bayan firamare) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Mina Tende]]: tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar [[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=APC primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Tonye Cole]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=986|percentage=77.58%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=190|percentage=14.95%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Sokonte Davies]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=49|percentage=3.86%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ibinabo Michael West]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=43|percentage=3.38%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Bernard Mikko]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=2|percentage=0.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Magnus Abe]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=1|percentage=0.08%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}Ba kamar jam'iyyar APC ta jihar ba, Rivers PDP ba ta fuskanci rikice-rikicen cikin gida kai tsaye a gaban jam'iyyar fidda gwani yayin da Wike ke da iko kai tsaye a kan yawancin jam'iyyar. Koyaya, yayin da firamare ke gabatowa, gwagwarmaya kan hanyar firamare da salon jagorancin Wike ya fara bayyanawa daga rahotanni wanda ya kai ga babban zanga-zanga a sakatariyar Rivers PDP a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mai goyon bayan zanga-zangar kuma abokin hamayyar Wike, memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] yana neman gwamna har sai Wike ya zargi Dagogo da tallafawa 'yan fashi don kai hari kan sakatariyar jam'iyyar a ranar 27 ga Afrilu kuma ya umarci' yan sanda su kama shi ranar da ta gabata kafin binciken gwamna na PDP.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagogo, wanda ya riga ya sayi kuma ya gabatar da fom don yin takara a zaben fidda gwani, ya yi ƙoƙari ya halarci aikin tantance jam'iyya a ranar 28 ga Afrilu amma 'yan sanda suka tsare shi kuma suka tsare shi a kurkuku har abada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mataimakan Dagogo tare da kungiyoyin farar hula sun yi tir da kama shi a matsayin manufa ta siyasa kuma sun yi kira ga a saki Dagogo amma PDP kawai ta hana shi daga zaben fidda gwani saboda 'rashin halarta a tantancewa.'   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released|access-date=3 May 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSERAP2022&quot;&gt;SERAP [@SERAPNigeria] (30 April 2022). [https://x.com/SERAPNigeria/status/1520428431246307338 &quot;Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released&quot;] ([[Tweet (social media)|Tweet]])&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;3 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt; &amp;#x2013; via [[Twitter]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=May 2022 |title=16 Governorship Aspirants Scale PDP Screening In Rivers |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/16-governorship-aspirants-scale-pdp-screening-in-rivers/ |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Adamawa State gubernatorial election|People's Democratic Party|paragraphs=1|hat=no}}In the days directly before the primary, reports emerged that Wike had settled on [[Siminalayi Fubara]]—the immediate past Accountant General of Rivers State—as his preferred candidate despite the [[Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta EFCC|Economic and Financial Crimes Commission]] declaring Fubara wanted for fraud on 24 May.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the primary date, the candidates contested an indirect primary that ended with Fubara's nomination after results showed him winning over 81% of the delegates' votes; several other candidates did not attend the event.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his acceptance speech, Fubara vowed to continue the work of the Wike administration. After the primary, it was noted that Fubara's riverine origin and [[Mutanen Ijaw|Ijaw ethnicity]] were a move in favor of a power shift after Wike's governorship.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt; However, Fubara still faced opposition from the EFCC as agents attempted to arrest him on 8 June and were stopped by Fubara's armed thugs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite his status as a fugitive, Fubara commenced his campaign and selected [[Ngozi Odu]]—a former commissioner from [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]]—as his running mate later in June.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 June 2022 |title=NGOZI ODU IS RIVERS PDP DEPUTY GOVERNORSHIP CANDIDATE |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622095319/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* [[Siminalayi Fubara]]: tsohon Babban Mai ba da lissafi na jihar&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=13 April 2022 |title=Wike's aides resign, 13 aspirants jostle for PDP ticket |url=https://punchng.com/wikes-aides-resign-13-aspirants-jostle-for-pdp-ticket/ |access-date=14 April 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt; Matashi mai gudu - Ngozi Odu: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi[4]
** Mataki mai gudu - [[Ngozi Odu]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi a firamare ====

* David Briggs: tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;
* Abieatedoghu Bob-Abbey Hart: 2015 PDP shugaban kasa dan takara &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Tammy Danagogo: Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2019-2022) kuma tsohon Ministan Wasanni (2014-2015) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Dax George-Kelly: tsohon mai ba da shawara ga Gwamna Wike&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tele Ikuru]]: tsohon [[Mataimakin gwamnan Jihar Rivers|Mataimakin Gwamna]] (2007; 2007-2015), tsohon Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane (2004-2006), tsohon Kwamishina na Aikin Gona da Albarkatun Halitta (1999-2003), kuma dan uwan tsohon Shugaban PDP na kasa Uche Secondus &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot; /&gt;
* [[Boma Iyaye]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Wasanni (2008-2009; 2009-2011; 2015-2022) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Ogu-Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Isaac Kamalu: tsohon Kwamishinan Kudi (2019-2022), tsohon Kwamishina na Kasafin Kudi da Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki (2015-2019), kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dattijai na Eleme (2007-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Lee Maeba]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2003-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odiegwu |first=Mike |title=Cracks as Rivers PDP mulls consensus governorship candidate |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/cracks-as-rivers-pdp-mulls-consensus-governorship-candidate/ |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Olaka Nwogu]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2015-2016), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na [[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]] / Oyigbo / Tai (1999-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Eleme &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Felix A. Obuah]]: tsohon Shugaban PDP na Jihar Rivers&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Austin Opara]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Port Harcourt II (1999-2007) kuma tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Wakili &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[George Thompson Sekibo]]: Sanata na Rivers East (2007-2017; 2019-yanzu) da kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Okrika / Ogu / Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Precious Sekibo: tsohon Ministan Sufuri (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Morgan Tom-West  &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== An hana shi ta kwamitin tantancewa ====

* [[Farah Dagogo]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Degema / Bonny (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Degema (wanda aka hana shi saboda rashin halarta a gwajin gwaji) &lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;

==== Ya ƙi ====

* [[Dum Dekor|Dunamene Dekor]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Khana / Gokana (2019-yanzu), tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka, kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar na Khana II &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;
* Kenneth Kobani: tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2015-2019) kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Masana'antu, Ciniki da Zuba Jari &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;
* [[Barry Mpigi]]: Sanata na Rivers Kudu maso Gabas (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Eleme / Oyigbo / Tai (2011-2019) &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=PDP primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Siminalayi Fubara]]}}|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=721|percentage=81.01%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Isaac Kamalu]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=86|percentage=9.66%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dax George-Kelly|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=37|percentage=4.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tammy Danagogo]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=36|percentage=4.04%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=David Briggs|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Morgan Tom-West]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Felix A. Obuah]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=2|percentage=0.22%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Other candidates|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=0|percentage=0.00%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

=== Ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ===
 

== Yaƙin neman zaɓe ==
Nan da nan bayan zaben fidda gwani, masu sharhi sun rarraba zaben a matsayin gwagwarmaya tsakanin gwamnan mai barin gado [[Ezenwo Wike|Ezenwo Nyesom Wike]] (PDP) da tsohon gwamnan [[Rotimi Amaechi]] (APC) duk da kasancewa zaben gwamnan Jihar Rivers na farko tun 2003 wanda babu Wike ko Amaechi 'yan takara.{{Efn|Although Amaechi's name was not on the ballot in the [[2007 Rivers State gubernatorial election|2007 election]], he successfully sued to be a legitimate candidate.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fubara da Cole suna da alaƙa sosai da Wike da Amaechi, bi da bi, wanda ya haifar da lakabin babban zaben a matsayin ci gaba da gwagwarmayar iko tsakanin su biyu. Koyaya, fitowar [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] - tsohon sanata wanda ya shafe shekaru yana jayayya da Amaechi kan kula da APC na jihar - yayin da dan takarar SDP ya kara da rashin tabbas ga zaben. Abubuwa mafi mahimmanci sun haɗa da shari'ar cin hanci da rashawa ta Fubara da kuma rikici na Wike da PDP na kasa game da sakamakon zaben fidda gwani na shugaban kasa, wanda ya rasa a watan Mayu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci a watan Oktoba 2022 wanda ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; An kwatanta hukuncin da sauri da irin wannan hukuncin da ya hana Rivers APC shiga gasar a shekarar 2019; &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; jam'iyyar ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin kuma ta yi alkawarin yin takara a zaben.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan da ya biyo baya, a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, an saki zaben farko na jama'a - wanda NIO Polls ya gudanar kuma Gidauniyar Anap ta ba da izini - don tseren tare da nuna filin da aka raba sosai wanda Fubara ya jagoranci yayin da Cole (wanda aka haɗa duk da hukuncin kotu) da Abe suka biyo baya a karo na biyu da na uku, bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayin da zaben ya kusa, an sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba ta hanyar Kotun daukaka kara a watan Janairun 2023. A watan da ya biyo baya, kungiyar Rivers State Governorship Debate Group ta gudanar da muhawara a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu; Abe, Cole, da kuma dan takarar LP Beatrice Itubo sun halarci yayin da Fubara da dan takarar Accord Dumo Lulu-Briggs ba su nan.&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 February 2023 |title=2023 polls: Rivers PDP guber candidate, Sim Fubara shuns debate |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/20/2023-polls-rivers-pdp-guber-candidate-sim-fubara-shuns-debate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya a watan Fabrairu, mayar da hankali ga zaben shugaban kasa da ke gabatowa a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu. A cikin zaben, Jihar Rivers ta zabi [[Bola Tinubu]] (APC) a cikin gardama; sakamakon da aka ayyana ya nuna Tinubu ya lashe jihar da kashi 44.2% na kuri'un don kayar da Peter Obi (LP) da kashi 33.4% da [[Atiku Abubakar]] (PDP) da kashi 16.9%. Zaben, wanda ya cika da rashin daidaito da zarge-zargen zamba, ya haifar da sabuntawa ga tseren gwamna yayin da rahotanni na tsangwama na zaben da Wike ya jagoranta don goyon bayan Tinubu ya haifar da damuwa game da irin wannan kokarin ga Fubara. Masu sharhi sun lura da yiwuwar rashin jin daɗi na masu jefa kuri'a saboda ma'anar cewa ainihin kuri'un ba su da tasiri ga sakamakon da aka sanar saboda rahotanni masu yawa daga Fabrairu tare da tsoron tashin hankali da aka yi niyya a sansanonin adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran abubuwan da masana suka yi la'akari da su sun haɗa da yanayin siyasa mai rikitarwa, tsattsauran ra'ayi game da wadanda ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba, da ci gaba da kai hare-hare kan masu adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tattaunawar zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|+Muhawara game da zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na 2023
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Masu shirya taron
! colspan=&quot;7&quot; |&lt;{{Font color|black|#FF9090|&amp;nbsp;A&amp;nbsp;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Accord (Nijeriya)|A]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Nigeria Labour Party|LP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |Sauran jam'iyyun
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Accord (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Labour Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Others}};&quot; |
|-
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |4 ga Fabrairu
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |[[Rivers State Governorship Debate Group|Kungiyar Tattaunawar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers]]
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Lulu-Briggs}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Tonye Cole|Cole]]}}}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Beatrice Itubo|Itubo]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|[[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Magnus Abe|Abe]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#A2B2C2;&quot; |'''NI'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Multiple}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;/&gt;
|}

=== Zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:14px;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Kungiyar zabe / abokin ciniki
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar Aikin Gida&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Samfurin samfur&lt;br /&gt;
![[Fayil:Tonye_Cole.jpg|80x80px]]
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''PDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''SDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ba a yanke shawara ba
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Babu wani amsa / Babu wani amsa/An ƙi
|-
!Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Magnus Ngei Abe|Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/pdps-siminalayi-fubara-has-a-narrow-lead-in-a-severely-fragmented-race NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Oktoba 2022
|500
|14%
|11%
|6%
|12%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 4%; [[Tekena Iyagba]] (BP): 3%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Other candidates: 3%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''37%'''
|20%{{Efn|Refused: 18%; None: 2%}}
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/rivers-pdps-siminalayi-fubara-maintains-lead-but-sdps-magnus-abe-has-momentum NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Fabrairu 2023
|N/A
|10%
|20%
|11%
|11%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 6%; [[Dawari George]] (AA): 2%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Victor Tamie Fingesi: 1%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''23%'''
|25%{{Efn|Refused: 24%; None: 1%}}
|-
|}

== Tsinkaya ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!Tushen
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tsinkaya
!Ya zuwa yanzu
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Nowrap|[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]{{efn|AfricaElects projections predict the likelihood of a candidate winning a state by categorizing a state as &quot;Safe&quot; for exceedingly likely, &quot;Likely&quot; for somewhat likely, and &quot;Lean&quot; for least likely. If no clear determination could be made, states are categorized as &quot;tossups&quot;.}}}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Africa Elects ratings&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Elimian |first=Adrian |title=Nigerian Gubernatorial Elections: State Ratings |url=https://africaelects.com/2023/03/18/nigerian-gubernatorial-elections-state-ratings/ |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00c00e&quot; |Wataƙila Fubara
|17 Maris 2023
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |Ya isa ya isa ya zama {{Nowrap|[[SBM Intelligence]]{{efn|EiE-SBM projections predict which candidates will win states.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;EiE-SBM March projections&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=The EiE-SBM 2023 Election forecast: Diminished interest in state elections will make for poor outcomes |url=https://www.sbmintel.com/2023/03/the-eie-sbm-2023-election-forecast-diminished-interest-in-state-elections-will-make-for-poor-outcomes/ |website=SBM Intelligence |date=2 March 2023 |access-date=16 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#009404&quot; |Fubara
|2 ga Maris 2023
|-
|}

== Halin da ake yi ==

=== Lokaci na zaɓe ===
{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|Electoral timetable|hat=no}}

== Babban Zabe ==

=== Sakamakon ===
{{Election box begin no change|title=2023 Rivers State gubernatorial election}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dumo Lulu-Briggs|party=Accord (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dawari George]]|party=Action Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Victor Tamie Fingesi]]|party=Action Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Leesi Gabriel Gborogbosi|party=Action Peoples Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dada Joseph Ngechu Obele]]|party=African Action Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonte Ibraye]]|party=African Democratic Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Faye-Ofori Churchill]]|party=Allied Peoples Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonye Cole]]|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=95,274|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Ugochukwu Prince Beke]]|party=All Progressives Grand Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tekena Iyagba]]|party=Boot Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Beatrice Itubo]]|party=Labour Party (Nigeria)|votes=22,224|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Sam Agwor]]|party=New Nigeria Peoples Party|votes=335|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Jackrich Sobomabo]]|party=National Rescue Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Siminalayi Fubara]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=302,614|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Magnus Abe]]|party=Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Danagogo Wenike-Briggs]]|party=Young Progressives Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Leyii Kwanee]]|party=Zenith Labour Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

==== Ta hanyar gundumar sanata ====
Sakamakon zaben ta gundumar sanata.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gundumar Sanata
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gundumar Sanatan Rivers ta Gabas|Gundumar Sanata ta Gabas ta Rivers]]{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]], [[Etche]], [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]], [[Obio-Akpor]], [[Ogu–Bolo]], [[Okrika]], [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]], and [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Kogin Kudu maso Gabas na Gundumar Sanata{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]], [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]], [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]], [[Opobo–Nkoro]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Sanata ta Yammacin Kogin{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]], [[Ahoada East]], [[Ahoada West]], [[Akuku-Toru]], [[Asari-Toru]], [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]], [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]], and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar mazabar tarayya ====
Sakamakon zaben ta mazabar tarayya.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mazabar Tarayya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Abua/Odua/Ahoada Gabashin Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]] and [[Ahoada East]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ahoada West/Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ahoada East]] and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Tarayyar Akuku Toru / Asari Toru{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Akuku-Toru]] and [[Asari-Toru]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Andoni/Opobo/Nkoro Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]] and [[Opobo–Nkoro]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Degema / Bonny Mazabar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]] and [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Eleme/Oyigbo/Tai Tarayyar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Yankin Etche/Omuma na Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Etche]] and [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ikwerre/Emohua Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]] and [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Khana/Gokana Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]] and [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Obio/Akpor Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government area of [[Obio-Akpor]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Okrika/Ogu/Bolo Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ogu–Bolo]] and [[Okrika]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Port Harcourt I Majalisa ta Tarayya da Port Harcoort II Majalisa na Tarayya{{Efn|Together comprising the local government area of [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}{{Efn|These two constituencies are within a single LGA. As this table does not differentiate between intra-LGA results, these figures are for the entire LGA which is the same as the data for both constituencies.}}&lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar karamar hukuma ====
Sakamakon zaben ta karamar hukuma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |LGA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kashi na masu halarta
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Abua–Odual|Abua-Odual]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,738
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,763
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |463
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |712
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,676
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Gabas|Ahoada Gabas]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,650
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,408
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,077
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |903
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,038
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Yamma|Ahoada Yamma]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,883
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,425
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,063
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |775
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,146
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Akuku-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,724
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,273
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |222
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |931
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |11,150
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Andoni]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,149
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,319
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1185
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |618
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Asari-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,209
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |12,663
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |179
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |18,322
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Bonny (Rivers)|Bonny]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,285
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,032
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |559
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,571
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,447
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Degema]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,437
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |579
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,006
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,129
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,414
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,251
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |920
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,247
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Emohua
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,916
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,600
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |805
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,270
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |28,591
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Etche|Ƙarƙashin]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,408
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,043
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,586
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,283
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |26,320
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gokana]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |7,410
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,455
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,840
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |755
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ikwerre]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,716
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Khana]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,475
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Obio-Akpor|Rashin amincewa da Akpor]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |45,065
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,056
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,083
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |65,565
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni|Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,729
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,450
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,391
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |7,103
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |310
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |528
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Okrika|Yankin]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,342
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Omuma]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,760
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Oyigbo]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Port Harcourt (ƙaramar hukuma)|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Harcourt]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |26,892
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Tai]]
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== Dubi kuma ==

* Zaben Najeriya na 2023
* [[Zaben gwamnonin Najeriya 2023|Zaben gwamna na Najeriya na 2023]]

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{2023 Nigeria elections}}{{Elections in Rivers State}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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An gudanar da Zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na shekarar 2023, a ranar 18 ga watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2023, don zabar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers, tare da Zaɓen Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers da sauran zabukan gwamna ashirin da bakwai da zaɓen duk sauran gidajen majalisa na jihar.[1][2] Za a gudanar da zaben - wanda aka jinkirta daga ranar 11 ga watan Maris - makonni uku bayan Zaben shugaban kasa da zaben Majalisar Dokoki.[3] Gwamnan PDP mai ci Ezenwo Nyesom Wike yana da iyakacin wa'adi, kuma ba zai iya neman sake zaben zuwa wa'adi na uku ba.

An shirya zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyya tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 9 ga Yunin shekarar 2022 tare da Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party da ta zabi tsohon mai ba da lissafi na jihar [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a ranar 25 ga Mayu yayin da All Progressives Congress ta zabi dan kasuwa Tonye Cole a ranar 26 ga Mayu.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ibunge |first=Blessing |title=Rivers Accountant General, Fubara, Wins PDP Governorship Primary |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/05/26/rivers-accountant-general-fubara-wins-pdp-governorship-primary/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[ThisDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 May 2022 |title=Tonye Cole wins Rivers APC governorship ticket |url=https://gazettengr.com/tonye-cole-wins-rivers-apc-governorship-ticket/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]] |publisher=[[News Agency of Nigeria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, hukuncin Babban Kotun Tarayya ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC amma Kotun daukaka kara ta soke hukuncin a watan Janairun 2023 .&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sanusi |first=Abiodun |last2=Naku |first2=Dennis |date=25 October 2022 |title=JUST IN: Court nullifies APC primaries in Rivers |url=https://punchng.com/just-in-court-nullifies-apc-primaries-in-rivers/ |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=20 January 2023 |title=Court nullifies suit against Rivers APC gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/court-nullifies-suit-against-rivers-apc-gov-candidate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan an kammala tattarawa a ranar da ta biyo bayan zaben, INEC ta ayyana Fubara a matsayin mai nasara. A cikin sakamakon hukuma, Fubara ya lashe kusan ƙuri'u 303,000 (~ 63% na kuri'un) don kayar da Cole da kusan kuri'un 95,000 (20% na kuri'u), Abe da kusan kuriʼu 47,000 (~ 10% na kuri'a), da Itubo da kusan ƙuri&quot; 22,000 (5% na kuri'an). Sakamakon nan da nan ne 'yan wasan da suka zo na biyu suka ki amincewa da shi saboda rahotanni da yawa game da rashin daidaito da tashin hankali.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cole rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okwa |first=Reuben |date=21 March 2023 |title=Tonye Cole, Others Reject Rivers Gov Election Result, Demand Cancellation |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/03/21/tonye-cole-others-reject-rivers-governorship-election-result-demand-cancellation/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Channels TV]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Abe rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=8 April 2023 |title=Rivers guber: We'll challenge election results, SDP's Abe insists |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/rivers-guber-well-challenge-election-results-sdps-abe-insists/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Itubo rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chukwu |first=Ignatius |date=19 March 2023 |title=Labour Party rejects outcome of Saturday elections in Rivers |url=https://businessday.ng/nigeriadecidesliveupdates/article/labour-party-rejects-outcome-of-saturday-elections-in-rivers/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shari'ar kalubalen shari'a da ta biyo baya ta kai [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]], wacce ta tabbatar da zaben Fubara a cikin hukunce-hukuncen da aka yanke a watan Janairun 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;Supreme Court upholds Fubara victory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=UPDATED: Supreme Court affirms Rivers governor, Fubara's election |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/661993-updated-supreme-court-affirms-rivers-governor-fubaras-election.html |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana kuma zaɓar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zaɓe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu, tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u, da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

== Tarihi ==
Jihar Rivers jihar ce mai yawan jama'a, jiha daban-daban a Kudu tare da manyan man fetur da gas na halitta tare da cibiyoyin masana'antu. Duk da yawan kuɗaɗen shigar da man fetur, jihar tana da manyan batutuwa da yawa tare da ƴan fashi da' yan bindigar man fetur ba bisa ka'ida ba a yankunan kogi yayin da yankunan birane ke da yawan jama'a da gurɓataccen muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A siyasance, zaɓen shekara ta 2019 ya kasance ci gaba da ikon PDP na jihar yayin da rashin iyawar APC na jihar don gudanar da zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da rashin cancanta ta kotun. Dan takarar shugaban kasa na PDP [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya lashe jihar da kashi 50% kuma jam'iyyar [[Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|ya sami dukkan kujerun majalisar dattijai guda uku]] yayin da ta mamaye [[Zaben Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|Zaben Majalisar Wakilai]]. A matakin jiha, PDP ta kuma [[2019 Rivers State House of Assembly election|riƙewa]] mafi rinjaye a Majalisar Dokoki kuma Wike ta lashe [[Zaben gwamna na Jihar Legas na 2019|Zaben gwamna]] da yawa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin wa'adin Wike, manufofin wa'adinsa na biyu sune ababen more rayuwa, horo na kasafin kuɗi, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da hadin kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dangane da aikinsa, an yaba wa Wike don ci gaban ababen more rayuwa, inganta kiwon lafiya, saka hannun jari a wasanni, da turawa kan bunker mai ba bisa ka'ida ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, an soki gwamnatinsa saboda jinkirin watanni na kafa majalisa, sanarwar da ya yi na Rivers a matsayin &quot;jiha ta Kirista&quot; da kuma mummunar martani ga rushewar masallaci, kashe biliyoyin naira don siyan motocin alatu ga ƴan majalisa da alƙalai, ƙoƙarin hana zanga-zangar ba bisa ka'ida ba a lokacin tsawo na zanga-zambe na SARS na 2020, da ya ga damuwa da fara rikice-rikice-rikici na jama'a tare da wasu jami'an da aka zaba, biyan albashi da fansho ba bisa ka-zangar gwamnati ba, da rashin girmamawa    masu mulki na gargajiya   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kevin-Alerechi |first=Elfredah |date=14 October 2020 |title=Rivers residents groan as Wike spends N3.4 billion on luxury cars for judges, politicians |url=https://gazettengr.com/rivers-residents-groan-as-wike-spends-n3-4-billion-on-luxury-cars-for-judges-politicians/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 October 2020 |title=Nigerians React As Gov Wike Bans #EndSARS Protest In Rivers |url=https://www.theheritagetimes.com/nigerians-react-as-gov-wike-bans-endsars-protest-in-rivers/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=The Heritage Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 March 2022 |title=Ranking Nigerian Governors Feb/March 2022: APC Govs' dirty fight, Sanwo-Olu's BRT snag, Wike's uncouthness, Umahi's meltdown |url=https://www.ripplesnigeria.com/ranking-nigerian-governors-feb-march-2022-apc-govs-dirty-fight-sanwo-olus-brt-snag-wikes-uncouthness-umahis-meltdown/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Ripples Nigeria]] |quote=Though we acknowledge Wike's reported passion for his party and other issues, we, however, frown at his constant ranting and hurling of insults, and issuing of threats against his opponents— in their ever-increasing number and classification. We believe Governor Wike will do well for himself in taking one or two lessons in diplomacy, civility in public communication and the gentlemanly requirement for public office holders.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Opara |first=George |date=21 May 2022 |title=2023: Wike pushes for presidency amidst opposition from home turf |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/05/21/2023-wike-pushes-for-presidency-amidst-opposition-from-home-turf/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyebade |first=Wole |date=12 February 2020 |title=Wike's disrespect for ancient stool and the victims |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/wikes-disrespect-for-ancient-stool-and-the-victims/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wike kuma ya zo da wuta saboda yunkurin mulkin mallaka don murkushe 'yan adawa ta hanyar hana zanga-zangar sau da yawa kuma mafi mahimmanci, lokacin da aka kama abokin hamayyarsa a cikin jam'iyya kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] kuma aka ɗaure shi makonni don hana shi yin takarar gwamna.&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police arrest federal lawmaker on Wike's order |url=https://punchng.com/police-arrest-federal-lawmaker-on-wikes-order/ |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police execute Wike's order, arrest PDP governorship aspirant |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627165453/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-date=27 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani mahimmin tushen jayayya shine yadda yake kula da kisan gillar Oy[[Inyamurai|Ibo]] a watan Nuwamba 2020, lokacin da ma'aikatan [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojoji]] suka kai hari kan samari na Igbo a [[Oyigbo]] bayan da IPOB ta kashe sojoji biyar; Wike akai-akai ya musanta duk wani laifi na Sojoji kuma ya tabbatar da mamayar soja na mako-mako na yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Taiwo-Hassan |date=23 November 2020 |title=investigation: Inside the horrific bloodshed and massive extrajudicial killings in Nigeria's Oyigbo community |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/427469-investigation-inside-the-horrific-bloodshed-and-massive-extrajudicial-killings-in-nigerias-oyigbo-community.html |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Princewill |first=Nimi |last2=Kevin-Alerechi |first2=Elfredah |date=2 November 2020 |title=Oyigbo Killings: Nigerian soldiers on reprisal attacks against IPOB elements: Wike |url=https://gazettengr.com/oyigbo-killings-nigerian-soldiers-on-reprisal-attacks-against-ipob-elements-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zaben fidda gwani ==
Za a gudanar da zaben fidda gwani, tare da duk wani kalubale da zai iya samu ga sakamakon fidda gwamna, tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 3 ga Yuni 2022 amma an tsawaita lokacin zuwa 9 ga Yuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;New Dates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jimoh |first=Abbas |date=26 February 2022 |title=INEC Sets New Dates For 2023 General Elections |url=https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=[[Daily Trust]] |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725032251/https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugabannin kabilun kamar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] sun yi kira ga jam'iyyun da su zabi wanda ba Ikwerre ba kamar yadda Ikwerres suka rike gwamna tun 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, duk da samar da kashi mai yawa na yawan mutanen Rivers, babu wani Ogoni da ya taɓa rike gwamna ko mataimakin gwamna, wanda ya haifar da kira don tsarawa na jam'iyyun ga gundumar Sanata ta Kudu maso Gabas ta Ogoni. Wadannan kira, tare da wasu da'awar cewa gwamnan ya kamata ya juya tsakanin yankunan tsaunuka da yankunan kogi, sun haifar da matsin lamba ga jam'iyyun don zabar wani daga yankunan kudancin ko kuma musamman, yankunan Ogoni-mafi yawan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga 'yan takara daga sauran gundumomi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Godwin |first=Ann |date=31 May 2021 |title=Search for Wike's successor roils Rivers as Ogoni eyes 2023 |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/search-for-wikes-successor-roils-rivers-as-ogoni-eyes-2023/ |access-date=2 August 2021 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta tsara gabatarwa, duka APC da PDP sun zabi 'yan siyasa daga yankunan kogi.

=== Dukkanin Majalisa Masu Ci gaba ===
Rikici mai tsawo tsakanin tsohon gwamnan da Ministan Sufuri na tarayya [[Rotimi Amaechi]] da tsohon Sanata [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] wanda ya haifar da rashin cancanta na Rivers APC a cikin 2019 ya ci gaba da gaba da zaben fidda gwani yayin da ƙungiyoyinsu suka gudanar da majalisa daban-daban kuma suka zabi shugabanci daban-daban a cikin 2021; shugabancin APC na kasa daga baya ya yarda da sakamakon majalisa da Amaechi ke tallafawa a matsayin halatta. A matsayin fadada rikicin jam'iyya, akwai rikice-rikice a cikin Rivers APC game da yiwuwar zoning zaben gwamna yayin da Amaechi ke goyon bayan zoning zuwa Kudu maso Gabas yayin da Abe ya yi yaƙi da yanke shawara ta zoning.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Renew Battle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odufowokan |first='Dare |title=Rivers 2023: Amaechi, Abe renew battle for soul of APC |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/rivers-2023-amaechi-abe-renew-battle-for-soul-of-apc/ |access-date=25 November 2021 |website=The Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, ya bayyana a fili cewa ba a warware rikicin jam'iyyar ba yayin da Amaechi da abokansa suka hadu don zabar &quot;dan takarar jam'iyya,&quot; suna sulhunta da Tonye Cole wanda zai kasance dan takarar APC a shekarar 2019 idan ba a dakatar da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake wasu masu neman shiga sun amince da shirin kuma sun fice, Abe da abokan hulɗarsa sun bayyana a fili cewa ba su amince da Cole a matsayin zaɓin jam'iyyar ba tare da wani dan siyasa mai haɗin kai na Abe yana ba'a da Cole a matsayinsa na &quot;abokin kasuwanci na&quot; Amaechi .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, akwai zanga-zangar wasu a cikin jam'iyyar da suka yi tir da tsarin da ba a sani ba da kuma zaɓin Cole saboda bai taɓa rike mukamin da aka zaba ba kuma ana zaton ba shi da tsarin siyasa a jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rashin amincewa, jam'iyyar ta tabbatar da Cole a matsayin zabin yarjejeniya; kodayake sanarwar manema labarai ta lura cewa tunda taron ba tsari ne na jam'iyya ba, Cole ba shi ne wanda aka zaba a hukumance ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, goyon bayan jam'iyyar Cole bai warware gardamar ba yayin da wasu 'yan takara suka yi tambaya game da zaɓin da tsarinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|All Progressives Congress|paragraphs=2|hat=no}}A cikin kwanaki kafin zaben fidda gwani, rikicin jam'iyyar ya kara zurfi yayin da sansanin Abe ya ki amincewa da majalisa na wakilai na wucin gadi kuma ya yi zanga-zanga a sakatariyar jam'iyyar ta jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar farko, Abe ya kauracewa kuma ya ki amincewa da ayyukan fidda gwani kafin a gudanar da zaben fidda gwini kai tsaye kuma ya haifar da Cole ya fito a matsayin dan takarar APC bayan sakamakon ya nuna Cole ya lashe sama da kashi 77% na kuri'un wakilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin jawabinsa na karɓa, Cole ya gode wa wakilai da Amaechi kafin ya nemi Abe da sauransu su haɗa kai da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt; Zai tafi kan zaɓaɓɓen tsohon MHA Innocent Barikor - ɗan kabilar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] daga [[Gokana]] - a matsayin abokin aikinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 June 2022 |title=2023: Rivers APC Picks Barikor As Running Mate to Cole |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628065309/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |archive-date=28 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rokon hadin kai, Abe da wasu tsoffin 'yan takarar firamare biyu sun bar jam'iyyar a watan Yuli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abe zai ci gaba da samun zaben gwamna na SDP.&lt;ref name=&quot;SDP primary&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=30 July 2022 |title=Magnus Abe emerges Rivers SDP gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/breaking-magnus-abe-emerges-rivers-sdp-gov-candidate/ |access-date=3 August 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, karar da aka shigar daga wakilan da ke goyon bayan Abe waɗanda suka yi zargin cewa an hana su ikon yin zabe a zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da soke zaben fidda gashin gashin gashi na APC ta Babban Kotun Tarayya a ranar 25 ga Oktoba. &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; Rivers APC ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin, tana mai cewa kotun ba ta da iko a kan batun jam'iyya na ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; Kotun daukaka kara ta goyi bayan APC a watan Janairun 2023, ta sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;/&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* Tonye Cole: ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan tsohon jakadan [[Patrick Dele-Cole]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nwisi |first=Rosemary |date=11 April 2022 |title=Dakuku, Cole, Princewill, George, six others join Rivers APC gov race |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/dakuku-cole-princewill-george-six-others-join-rivers-apc-gov-race/ |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abokin aiki - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;[3]
** Abokin gudu - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi ====

* [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]: member of the [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|NNPC]] Board (2020–present) and former senator for Rivers South East (2011–2015; 2016–2019) (defected after the primary to successfully run in the SDP gubernatorial primary)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;
* [[Sokonte Davies]]: former [[Hukumar Tashar Jirgin ruwa ta Nijeriya|Nigerian Ports Authority]] official&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]: former [[Asari-Toru]] Local Government Chairman&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Ibinabo Michael West: former Commissioner for Transportation&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Bernard Mikko]]: former [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|House of Representatives]] member for Khana/Gokana (1999–2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== Ya janye ====

* [[Biokpomabo Awara]]: 2019 AAC mai gabatarwa gwamna &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;
* [[Francis Ada Ebenezer]]: mai lissafi da mai wa'azi &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dawari George]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Akuku Toru / Asari Toru kuma tsohon Kwamishinan Makamashi da albarkatun kasa (ya sauya sheka bayan zaben fidda gwani don samun nasarar gudanarwa a zaben fidda gashin gwani na AA) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dakuku Peterside]]: tsohon Darakta Janar na [[Hukumar Kula da Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya|Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Tsaro ta Najeriya]] (2016-2020), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Andoni-[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]] (2011-2015), wanda aka zaba a matsayin gwamna na APC na 2015, tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka (2007-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Opobo-Nkuro (2002-2003) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tonye Princewill]]: 2015 LP gwamna noman, 2007 AC gwamna nomin, kuma ɗan tsohon Amanyanabo na Kalabari Kingdom Theophilus J.T. Princewill (ya fice bayan firamare) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Mina Tende]]: tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar [[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=APC primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Tonye Cole]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=986|percentage=77.58%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=190|percentage=14.95%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Sokonte Davies]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=49|percentage=3.86%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ibinabo Michael West]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=43|percentage=3.38%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Bernard Mikko]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=2|percentage=0.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Magnus Abe]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=1|percentage=0.08%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}Ba kamar jam'iyyar APC ta jihar ba, Rivers PDP ba ta fuskanci rikice-rikicen cikin gida kai tsaye a gaban jam'iyyar fidda gwani yayin da Wike ke da iko kai tsaye a kan yawancin jam'iyyar. Koyaya, yayin da firamare ke gabatowa, gwagwarmaya kan hanyar firamare da salon jagorancin Wike ya fara bayyanawa daga rahotanni wanda ya kai ga babban zanga-zanga a sakatariyar Rivers PDP a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mai goyon bayan zanga-zangar kuma abokin hamayyar Wike, memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] yana neman gwamna har sai Wike ya zargi Dagogo da tallafawa 'yan fashi don kai hari kan sakatariyar jam'iyyar a ranar 27 ga Afrilu kuma ya umarci' yan sanda su kama shi ranar da ta gabata kafin binciken gwamna na PDP.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagogo, wanda ya riga ya sayi kuma ya gabatar da fom don yin takara a zaben fidda gwani, ya yi ƙoƙari ya halarci aikin tantance jam'iyya a ranar 28 ga Afrilu amma 'yan sanda suka tsare shi kuma suka tsare shi a kurkuku har abada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mataimakan Dagogo tare da kungiyoyin farar hula sun yi tir da kama shi a matsayin manufa ta siyasa kuma sun yi kira ga a saki Dagogo amma PDP kawai ta hana shi daga zaben fidda gwani saboda 'rashin halarta a tantancewa.'   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released|access-date=3 May 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSERAP2022&quot;&gt;SERAP [@SERAPNigeria] (30 April 2022). [https://x.com/SERAPNigeria/status/1520428431246307338 &quot;Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released&quot;] ([[Tweet (social media)|Tweet]])&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;3 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt; &amp;#x2013; via [[Twitter]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=May 2022 |title=16 Governorship Aspirants Scale PDP Screening In Rivers |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/16-governorship-aspirants-scale-pdp-screening-in-rivers/ |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Adamawa State gubernatorial election|People's Democratic Party|paragraphs=1|hat=no}}In the days directly before the primary, reports emerged that Wike had settled on [[Siminalayi Fubara]]—the immediate past Accountant General of Rivers State—as his preferred candidate despite the [[Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta EFCC|Economic and Financial Crimes Commission]] declaring Fubara wanted for fraud on 24 May.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the primary date, the candidates contested an indirect primary that ended with Fubara's nomination after results showed him winning over 81% of the delegates' votes; several other candidates did not attend the event.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his acceptance speech, Fubara vowed to continue the work of the Wike administration. After the primary, it was noted that Fubara's riverine origin and [[Mutanen Ijaw|Ijaw ethnicity]] were a move in favor of a power shift after Wike's governorship.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt; However, Fubara still faced opposition from the EFCC as agents attempted to arrest him on 8 June and were stopped by Fubara's armed thugs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite his status as a fugitive, Fubara commenced his campaign and selected [[Ngozi Odu]]—a former commissioner from [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]]—as his running mate later in June.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 June 2022 |title=NGOZI ODU IS RIVERS PDP DEPUTY GOVERNORSHIP CANDIDATE |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622095319/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* [[Siminalayi Fubara]]: tsohon Babban Mai ba da lissafi na jihar&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=13 April 2022 |title=Wike's aides resign, 13 aspirants jostle for PDP ticket |url=https://punchng.com/wikes-aides-resign-13-aspirants-jostle-for-pdp-ticket/ |access-date=14 April 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt; Matashi mai gudu - Ngozi Odu: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi[4]
** Mataki mai gudu - [[Ngozi Odu]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi a firamare ====

* David Briggs: tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;
* Abieatedoghu Bob-Abbey Hart: 2015 PDP shugaban kasa dan takara &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Tammy Danagogo: Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2019-2022) kuma tsohon Ministan Wasanni (2014-2015) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Dax George-Kelly: tsohon mai ba da shawara ga Gwamna Wike&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tele Ikuru]]: tsohon [[Mataimakin gwamnan Jihar Rivers|Mataimakin Gwamna]] (2007; 2007-2015), tsohon Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane (2004-2006), tsohon Kwamishina na Aikin Gona da Albarkatun Halitta (1999-2003), kuma dan uwan tsohon Shugaban PDP na kasa Uche Secondus &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot; /&gt;
* [[Boma Iyaye]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Wasanni (2008-2009; 2009-2011; 2015-2022) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Ogu-Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Isaac Kamalu: tsohon Kwamishinan Kudi (2019-2022), tsohon Kwamishina na Kasafin Kudi da Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki (2015-2019), kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dattijai na Eleme (2007-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Lee Maeba]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2003-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odiegwu |first=Mike |title=Cracks as Rivers PDP mulls consensus governorship candidate |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/cracks-as-rivers-pdp-mulls-consensus-governorship-candidate/ |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Olaka Nwogu]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2015-2016), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na [[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]] / Oyigbo / Tai (1999-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Eleme &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Felix A. Obuah]]: tsohon Shugaban PDP na Jihar Rivers&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Austin Opara]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Port Harcourt II (1999-2007) kuma tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Wakili &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[George Thompson Sekibo]]: Sanata na Rivers East (2007-2017; 2019-yanzu) da kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Okrika / Ogu / Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Precious Sekibo: tsohon Ministan Sufuri (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Morgan Tom-West  &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== An hana shi ta kwamitin tantancewa ====

* [[Farah Dagogo]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Degema / Bonny (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Degema (wanda aka hana shi saboda rashin halarta a gwajin gwaji) &lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;

==== Ya ƙi ====

* [[Dum Dekor|Dunamene Dekor]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Khana / Gokana (2019-yanzu), tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka, kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar na Khana II &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;
* Kenneth Kobani: tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2015-2019) kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Masana'antu, Ciniki da Zuba Jari &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;
* [[Barry Mpigi]]: Sanata na Rivers Kudu maso Gabas (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Eleme / Oyigbo / Tai (2011-2019) &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=PDP primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Siminalayi Fubara]]}}|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=721|percentage=81.01%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Isaac Kamalu]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=86|percentage=9.66%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dax George-Kelly|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=37|percentage=4.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tammy Danagogo]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=36|percentage=4.04%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=David Briggs|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Morgan Tom-West]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Felix A. Obuah]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=2|percentage=0.22%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Other candidates|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=0|percentage=0.00%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

=== Ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ===
 

== Yaƙin neman zaɓe ==
Nan da nan bayan zaben fidda gwani, masu sharhi sun rarraba zaben a matsayin gwagwarmaya tsakanin gwamnan mai barin gado [[Ezenwo Wike|Ezenwo Nyesom Wike]] (PDP) da tsohon gwamnan [[Rotimi Amaechi]] (APC) duk da kasancewa zaben gwamnan Jihar Rivers na farko tun 2003 wanda babu Wike ko Amaechi 'yan takara.{{Efn|Although Amaechi's name was not on the ballot in the [[2007 Rivers State gubernatorial election|2007 election]], he successfully sued to be a legitimate candidate.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fubara da Cole suna da alaƙa sosai da Wike da Amaechi, bi da bi, wanda ya haifar da lakabin babban zaben a matsayin ci gaba da gwagwarmayar iko tsakanin su biyu. Koyaya, fitowar [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] - tsohon sanata wanda ya shafe shekaru yana jayayya da Amaechi kan kula da APC na jihar - yayin da dan takarar SDP ya kara da rashin tabbas ga zaben. Abubuwa mafi mahimmanci sun haɗa da shari'ar cin hanci da rashawa ta Fubara da kuma rikici na Wike da PDP na kasa game da sakamakon zaben fidda gwani na shugaban kasa, wanda ya rasa a watan Mayu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci a watan Oktoba 2022 wanda ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; An kwatanta hukuncin da sauri da irin wannan hukuncin da ya hana Rivers APC shiga gasar a shekarar 2019; &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; jam'iyyar ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin kuma ta yi alkawarin yin takara a zaben.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan da ya biyo baya, a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, an saki zaben farko na jama'a - wanda NIO Polls ya gudanar kuma Gidauniyar Anap ta ba da izini - don tseren tare da nuna filin da aka raba sosai wanda Fubara ya jagoranci yayin da Cole (wanda aka haɗa duk da hukuncin kotu) da Abe suka biyo baya a karo na biyu da na uku, bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayin da zaben ya kusa, an sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba ta hanyar Kotun daukaka kara a watan Janairun 2023. A watan da ya biyo baya, kungiyar Rivers State Governorship Debate Group ta gudanar da muhawara a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu; Abe, Cole, da kuma dan takarar LP Beatrice Itubo sun halarci yayin da Fubara da dan takarar Accord Dumo Lulu-Briggs ba su nan.&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 February 2023 |title=2023 polls: Rivers PDP guber candidate, Sim Fubara shuns debate |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/20/2023-polls-rivers-pdp-guber-candidate-sim-fubara-shuns-debate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya a watan Fabrairu, mayar da hankali ga zaben shugaban kasa da ke gabatowa a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu. A cikin zaben, Jihar Rivers ta zabi [[Bola Tinubu]] (APC) a cikin gardama; sakamakon da aka ayyana ya nuna Tinubu ya lashe jihar da kashi 44.2% na kuri'un don kayar da Peter Obi (LP) da kashi 33.4% da [[Atiku Abubakar]] (PDP) da kashi 16.9%. Zaben, wanda ya cika da rashin daidaito da zarge-zargen zamba, ya haifar da sabuntawa ga tseren gwamna yayin da rahotanni na tsangwama na zaben da Wike ya jagoranta don goyon bayan Tinubu ya haifar da damuwa game da irin wannan kokarin ga Fubara. Masu sharhi sun lura da yiwuwar rashin jin daɗi na masu jefa kuri'a saboda ma'anar cewa ainihin kuri'un ba su da tasiri ga sakamakon da aka sanar saboda rahotanni masu yawa daga Fabrairu tare da tsoron tashin hankali da aka yi niyya a sansanonin adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran abubuwan da masana suka yi la'akari da su sun haɗa da yanayin siyasa mai rikitarwa, tsattsauran ra'ayi game da wadanda ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba, da ci gaba da kai hare-hare kan masu adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tattaunawar zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|+Muhawara game da zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na 2023
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Masu shirya taron
! colspan=&quot;7&quot; |&lt;{{Font color|black|#FF9090|&amp;nbsp;A&amp;nbsp;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Accord (Nijeriya)|A]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Nigeria Labour Party|LP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |Sauran jam'iyyun
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Accord (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Labour Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Others}};&quot; |
|-
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |4 ga Fabrairu
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |[[Rivers State Governorship Debate Group|Kungiyar Tattaunawar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers]]
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Lulu-Briggs}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Tonye Cole|Cole]]}}}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Beatrice Itubo|Itubo]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|[[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Magnus Abe|Abe]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#A2B2C2;&quot; |'''NI'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Multiple}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;/&gt;
|}

=== Zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:14px;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Kungiyar zabe / abokin ciniki
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar Aikin Gida&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Samfurin samfur&lt;br /&gt;
![[Fayil:Tonye_Cole.jpg|80x80px]]
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''PDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''SDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ba a yanke shawara ba
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Babu wani amsa / Babu wani amsa/An ƙi
|-
!Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Magnus Ngei Abe|Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/pdps-siminalayi-fubara-has-a-narrow-lead-in-a-severely-fragmented-race NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Oktoba 2022
|500
|14%
|11%
|6%
|12%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 4%; [[Tekena Iyagba]] (BP): 3%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Other candidates: 3%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''37%'''
|20%{{Efn|Refused: 18%; None: 2%}}
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/rivers-pdps-siminalayi-fubara-maintains-lead-but-sdps-magnus-abe-has-momentum NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Fabrairu 2023
|N/A
|10%
|20%
|11%
|11%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 6%; [[Dawari George]] (AA): 2%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Victor Tamie Fingesi: 1%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''23%'''
|25%{{Efn|Refused: 24%; None: 1%}}
|-
|}

== Tsinkaya ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!Tushen
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tsinkaya
!Ya zuwa yanzu
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Nowrap|[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]{{efn|AfricaElects projections predict the likelihood of a candidate winning a state by categorizing a state as &quot;Safe&quot; for exceedingly likely, &quot;Likely&quot; for somewhat likely, and &quot;Lean&quot; for least likely. If no clear determination could be made, states are categorized as &quot;tossups&quot;.}}}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Africa Elects ratings&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Elimian |first=Adrian |title=Nigerian Gubernatorial Elections: State Ratings |url=https://africaelects.com/2023/03/18/nigerian-gubernatorial-elections-state-ratings/ |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00c00e&quot; |Wataƙila Fubara
|17 Maris 2023
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |Ya isa ya isa ya zama {{Nowrap|[[SBM Intelligence]]{{efn|EiE-SBM projections predict which candidates will win states.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;EiE-SBM March projections&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=The EiE-SBM 2023 Election forecast: Diminished interest in state elections will make for poor outcomes |url=https://www.sbmintel.com/2023/03/the-eie-sbm-2023-election-forecast-diminished-interest-in-state-elections-will-make-for-poor-outcomes/ |website=SBM Intelligence |date=2 March 2023 |access-date=16 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#009404&quot; |Fubara
|2 ga Maris 2023
|-
|}

== Halin da ake yi ==

=== Lokaci na zaɓe ===
{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|Electoral timetable|hat=no}}

== Babban Zabe ==

=== Sakamakon ===
{{Election box begin no change|title=2023 Rivers State gubernatorial election}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dumo Lulu-Briggs|party=Accord (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dawari George]]|party=Action Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Victor Tamie Fingesi]]|party=Action Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Leesi Gabriel Gborogbosi|party=Action Peoples Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dada Joseph Ngechu Obele]]|party=African Action Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonte Ibraye]]|party=African Democratic Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Faye-Ofori Churchill]]|party=Allied Peoples Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonye Cole]]|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=95,274|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Ugochukwu Prince Beke]]|party=All Progressives Grand Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tekena Iyagba]]|party=Boot Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Beatrice Itubo]]|party=Labour Party (Nigeria)|votes=22,224|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Sam Agwor]]|party=New Nigeria Peoples Party|votes=335|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Jackrich Sobomabo]]|party=National Rescue Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Siminalayi Fubara]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=302,614|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Magnus Abe]]|party=Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Danagogo Wenike-Briggs]]|party=Young Progressives Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Leyii Kwanee]]|party=Zenith Labour Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

==== Ta hanyar gundumar sanata ====
Sakamakon zaben ta gundumar sanata.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gundumar Sanata
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gundumar Sanatan Rivers ta Gabas|Gundumar Sanata ta Gabas ta Rivers]]{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]], [[Etche]], [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]], [[Obio-Akpor]], [[Ogu–Bolo]], [[Okrika]], [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]], and [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Kogin Kudu maso Gabas na Gundumar Sanata{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]], [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]], [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]], [[Opobo–Nkoro]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Sanata ta Yammacin Kogin{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]], [[Ahoada East]], [[Ahoada West]], [[Akuku-Toru]], [[Asari-Toru]], [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]], [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]], and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar mazabar tarayya ====
Sakamakon zaben ta mazabar tarayya.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mazabar Tarayya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Abua/Odua/Ahoada Gabashin Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]] and [[Ahoada East]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ahoada West/Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ahoada East]] and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Tarayyar Akuku Toru / Asari Toru{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Akuku-Toru]] and [[Asari-Toru]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Andoni/Opobo/Nkoro Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]] and [[Opobo–Nkoro]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Degema / Bonny Mazabar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]] and [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Eleme/Oyigbo/Tai Tarayyar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Yankin Etche/Omuma na Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Etche]] and [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ikwerre/Emohua Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]] and [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Khana/Gokana Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]] and [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Obio/Akpor Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government area of [[Obio-Akpor]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Okrika/Ogu/Bolo Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ogu–Bolo]] and [[Okrika]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Port Harcourt I Majalisa ta Tarayya da Port Harcoort II Majalisa na Tarayya{{Efn|Together comprising the local government area of [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}{{Efn|These two constituencies are within a single LGA. As this table does not differentiate between intra-LGA results, these figures are for the entire LGA which is the same as the data for both constituencies.}}&lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar karamar hukuma ====
Sakamakon zaben ta karamar hukuma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |LGA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kashi na masu halarta
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Abua–Odual|Abua-Odual]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,738
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,763
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |463
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |712
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,676
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Gabas|Ahoada Gabas]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,650
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,408
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,077
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |903
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,038
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Yamma|Ahoada Yamma]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,883
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,425
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,063
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |775
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,146
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Akuku-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,724
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,273
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |222
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |931
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |11,150
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Andoni]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,149
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,319
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1185
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |618
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Asari-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,209
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |12,663
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |179
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |18,322
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Bonny (Rivers)|Bonny]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,285
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,032
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |559
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,571
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,447
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Degema]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,437
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |579
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,006
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,129
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,414
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,251
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |920
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,247
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Emohua
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,916
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,600
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |805
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,270
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |28,591
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Etche|Ƙarƙashin]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,408
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,043
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,586
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,283
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |26,320
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gokana]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |7,410
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,455
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,840
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |755
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ikwerre]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,716
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Khana]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Obio-Akpor|Rashin amincewa da Akpor]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |45,065
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,056
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,083
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni|Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,729
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,450
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,391
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |7,103
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |310
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Okrika|Yankin]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,342
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Omuma]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,760
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Oyigbo]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Port Harcourt (ƙaramar hukuma)|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Harcourt]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |26,892
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Tai]]
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== Dubi kuma ==

* Zaben Najeriya na 2023
* [[Zaben gwamnonin Najeriya 2023|Zaben gwamna na Najeriya na 2023]]

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{2023 Nigeria elections}}{{Elections in Rivers State}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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An gudanar da Zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na shekarar 2023, a ranar 18 ga watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2023, don zabar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers, tare da Zaɓen Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers da sauran zabukan gwamna ashirin da bakwai da zaɓen duk sauran gidajen majalisa na jihar.[1][2] Za a gudanar da zaben - wanda aka jinkirta daga ranar 11 ga watan Maris - makonni uku bayan Zaben shugaban kasa da zaben Majalisar Dokoki.[3] Gwamnan PDP mai ci Ezenwo Nyesom Wike yana da iyakacin wa'adi, kuma ba zai iya neman sake zaben zuwa wa'adi na uku ba.

An shirya zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyya tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 9 ga Yunin shekarar 2022 tare da Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party da ta zabi tsohon mai ba da lissafi na jihar [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a ranar 25 ga Mayu yayin da All Progressives Congress ta zabi dan kasuwa Tonye Cole a ranar 26 ga Mayu.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ibunge |first=Blessing |title=Rivers Accountant General, Fubara, Wins PDP Governorship Primary |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/05/26/rivers-accountant-general-fubara-wins-pdp-governorship-primary/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[ThisDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 May 2022 |title=Tonye Cole wins Rivers APC governorship ticket |url=https://gazettengr.com/tonye-cole-wins-rivers-apc-governorship-ticket/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]] |publisher=[[News Agency of Nigeria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, hukuncin Babban Kotun Tarayya ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC amma Kotun daukaka kara ta soke hukuncin a watan Janairun 2023 .&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sanusi |first=Abiodun |last2=Naku |first2=Dennis |date=25 October 2022 |title=JUST IN: Court nullifies APC primaries in Rivers |url=https://punchng.com/just-in-court-nullifies-apc-primaries-in-rivers/ |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=20 January 2023 |title=Court nullifies suit against Rivers APC gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/court-nullifies-suit-against-rivers-apc-gov-candidate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan an kammala tattarawa a ranar da ta biyo bayan zaben, INEC ta ayyana Fubara a matsayin mai nasara. A cikin sakamakon hukuma, Fubara ya lashe kusan ƙuri'u 303,000 (~ 63% na kuri'un) don kayar da Cole da kusan kuri'un 95,000 (20% na kuri'u), Abe da kusan kuriʼu 47,000 (~ 10% na kuri'a), da Itubo da kusan ƙuri&quot; 22,000 (5% na kuri'an). Sakamakon nan da nan ne 'yan wasan da suka zo na biyu suka ki amincewa da shi saboda rahotanni da yawa game da rashin daidaito da tashin hankali.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cole rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okwa |first=Reuben |date=21 March 2023 |title=Tonye Cole, Others Reject Rivers Gov Election Result, Demand Cancellation |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/03/21/tonye-cole-others-reject-rivers-governorship-election-result-demand-cancellation/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Channels TV]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Abe rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=8 April 2023 |title=Rivers guber: We'll challenge election results, SDP's Abe insists |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/rivers-guber-well-challenge-election-results-sdps-abe-insists/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Itubo rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chukwu |first=Ignatius |date=19 March 2023 |title=Labour Party rejects outcome of Saturday elections in Rivers |url=https://businessday.ng/nigeriadecidesliveupdates/article/labour-party-rejects-outcome-of-saturday-elections-in-rivers/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shari'ar kalubalen shari'a da ta biyo baya ta kai [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]], wacce ta tabbatar da zaben Fubara a cikin hukunce-hukuncen da aka yanke a watan Janairun 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;Supreme Court upholds Fubara victory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=UPDATED: Supreme Court affirms Rivers governor, Fubara's election |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/661993-updated-supreme-court-affirms-rivers-governor-fubaras-election.html |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana kuma zaɓar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zaɓe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu, tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u, da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

== Tarihi ==
Jihar Rivers jihar ce mai yawan jama'a, jiha daban-daban a Kudu tare da manyan man fetur da gas na halitta tare da cibiyoyin masana'antu. Duk da yawan kuɗaɗen shigar da man fetur, jihar tana da manyan batutuwa da yawa tare da ƴan fashi da' yan bindigar man fetur ba bisa ka'ida ba a yankunan kogi yayin da yankunan birane ke da yawan jama'a da gurɓataccen muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A siyasance, zaɓen shekara ta 2019 ya kasance ci gaba da ikon PDP na jihar yayin da rashin iyawar APC na jihar don gudanar da zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da rashin cancanta ta kotun. Dan takarar shugaban kasa na PDP [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya lashe jihar da kashi 50% kuma jam'iyyar [[Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|ya sami dukkan kujerun majalisar dattijai guda uku]] yayin da ta mamaye [[Zaben Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|Zaben Majalisar Wakilai]]. A matakin jiha, PDP ta kuma [[2019 Rivers State House of Assembly election|riƙewa]] mafi rinjaye a Majalisar Dokoki kuma Wike ta lashe [[Zaben gwamna na Jihar Legas na 2019|Zaben gwamna]] da yawa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin wa'adin Wike, manufofin wa'adinsa na biyu sune ababen more rayuwa, horo na kasafin kuɗi, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da hadin kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dangane da aikinsa, an yaba wa Wike don ci gaban ababen more rayuwa, inganta kiwon lafiya, saka hannun jari a wasanni, da turawa kan bunker mai ba bisa ka'ida ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, an soki gwamnatinsa saboda jinkirin watanni na kafa majalisa, sanarwar da ya yi na Rivers a matsayin &quot;jiha ta Kirista&quot; da kuma mummunar martani ga rushewar masallaci, kashe biliyoyin naira don siyan motocin alatu ga ƴan majalisa da alƙalai, ƙoƙarin hana zanga-zangar ba bisa ka'ida ba a lokacin tsawo na zanga-zambe na SARS na 2020, da ya ga damuwa da fara rikice-rikice-rikici na jama'a tare da wasu jami'an da aka zaba, biyan albashi da fansho ba bisa ka-zangar gwamnati ba, da rashin girmamawa    masu mulki na gargajiya   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kevin-Alerechi |first=Elfredah |date=14 October 2020 |title=Rivers residents groan as Wike spends N3.4 billion on luxury cars for judges, politicians |url=https://gazettengr.com/rivers-residents-groan-as-wike-spends-n3-4-billion-on-luxury-cars-for-judges-politicians/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 October 2020 |title=Nigerians React As Gov Wike Bans #EndSARS Protest In Rivers |url=https://www.theheritagetimes.com/nigerians-react-as-gov-wike-bans-endsars-protest-in-rivers/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=The Heritage Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 March 2022 |title=Ranking Nigerian Governors Feb/March 2022: APC Govs' dirty fight, Sanwo-Olu's BRT snag, Wike's uncouthness, Umahi's meltdown |url=https://www.ripplesnigeria.com/ranking-nigerian-governors-feb-march-2022-apc-govs-dirty-fight-sanwo-olus-brt-snag-wikes-uncouthness-umahis-meltdown/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Ripples Nigeria]] |quote=Though we acknowledge Wike's reported passion for his party and other issues, we, however, frown at his constant ranting and hurling of insults, and issuing of threats against his opponents— in their ever-increasing number and classification. We believe Governor Wike will do well for himself in taking one or two lessons in diplomacy, civility in public communication and the gentlemanly requirement for public office holders.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Opara |first=George |date=21 May 2022 |title=2023: Wike pushes for presidency amidst opposition from home turf |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/05/21/2023-wike-pushes-for-presidency-amidst-opposition-from-home-turf/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyebade |first=Wole |date=12 February 2020 |title=Wike's disrespect for ancient stool and the victims |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/wikes-disrespect-for-ancient-stool-and-the-victims/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wike kuma ya zo da wuta saboda yunkurin mulkin mallaka don murkushe 'yan adawa ta hanyar hana zanga-zangar sau da yawa kuma mafi mahimmanci, lokacin da aka kama abokin hamayyarsa a cikin jam'iyya kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] kuma aka ɗaure shi makonni don hana shi yin takarar gwamna.&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police arrest federal lawmaker on Wike's order |url=https://punchng.com/police-arrest-federal-lawmaker-on-wikes-order/ |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police execute Wike's order, arrest PDP governorship aspirant |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627165453/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-date=27 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani mahimmin tushen jayayya shine yadda yake kula da kisan gillar Oy[[Inyamurai|Ibo]] a watan Nuwamban shekarar 2020, lokacin da ma'aikatan [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojoji]] suka kai hari kan samari na Igbo a [[Oyigbo]] bayan da IPOB ta kashe sojoji biyar; Wike akai-akai ya musanta duk wani laifi na Sojoji kuma ya tabbatar da mamayar soja na mako-mako na yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Taiwo-Hassan |date=23 November 2020 |title=investigation: Inside the horrific bloodshed and massive extrajudicial killings in Nigeria's Oyigbo community |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/427469-investigation-inside-the-horrific-bloodshed-and-massive-extrajudicial-killings-in-nigerias-oyigbo-community.html |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Princewill |first=Nimi |last2=Kevin-Alerechi |first2=Elfredah |date=2 November 2020 |title=Oyigbo Killings: Nigerian soldiers on reprisal attacks against IPOB elements: Wike |url=https://gazettengr.com/oyigbo-killings-nigerian-soldiers-on-reprisal-attacks-against-ipob-elements-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zaben fidda gwani ==
Za a gudanar da zaben fidda gwani, tare da duk wani kalubale da zai iya samu ga sakamakon fidda gwamna, tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 3 ga Yuni 2022 amma an tsawaita lokacin zuwa 9 ga Yuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;New Dates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jimoh |first=Abbas |date=26 February 2022 |title=INEC Sets New Dates For 2023 General Elections |url=https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=[[Daily Trust]] |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725032251/https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugabannin kabilun kamar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] sun yi kira ga jam'iyyun da su zabi wanda ba Ikwerre ba kamar yadda Ikwerres suka rike gwamna tun 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, duk da samar da kashi mai yawa na yawan mutanen Rivers, babu wani Ogoni da ya taɓa rike gwamna ko mataimakin gwamna, wanda ya haifar da kira don tsarawa na jam'iyyun ga gundumar Sanata ta Kudu maso Gabas ta Ogoni. Wadannan kira, tare da wasu da'awar cewa gwamnan ya kamata ya juya tsakanin yankunan tsaunuka da yankunan kogi, sun haifar da matsin lamba ga jam'iyyun don zabar wani daga yankunan kudancin ko kuma musamman, yankunan Ogoni-mafi yawan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga 'yan takara daga sauran gundumomi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Godwin |first=Ann |date=31 May 2021 |title=Search for Wike's successor roils Rivers as Ogoni eyes 2023 |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/search-for-wikes-successor-roils-rivers-as-ogoni-eyes-2023/ |access-date=2 August 2021 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta tsara gabatarwa, duka APC da PDP sun zabi 'yan siyasa daga yankunan kogi.

=== Dukkanin Majalisa Masu Ci gaba ===
Rikici mai tsawo tsakanin tsohon gwamnan da Ministan Sufuri na tarayya [[Rotimi Amaechi]] da tsohon Sanata [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] wanda ya haifar da rashin cancanta na Rivers APC a cikin 2019 ya ci gaba da gaba da zaben fidda gwani yayin da ƙungiyoyinsu suka gudanar da majalisa daban-daban kuma suka zabi shugabanci daban-daban a cikin 2021; shugabancin APC na kasa daga baya ya yarda da sakamakon majalisa da Amaechi ke tallafawa a matsayin halatta. A matsayin fadada rikicin jam'iyya, akwai rikice-rikice a cikin Rivers APC game da yiwuwar zoning zaben gwamna yayin da Amaechi ke goyon bayan zoning zuwa Kudu maso Gabas yayin da Abe ya yi yaƙi da yanke shawara ta zoning.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Renew Battle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odufowokan |first='Dare |title=Rivers 2023: Amaechi, Abe renew battle for soul of APC |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/rivers-2023-amaechi-abe-renew-battle-for-soul-of-apc/ |access-date=25 November 2021 |website=The Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, ya bayyana a fili cewa ba a warware rikicin jam'iyyar ba yayin da Amaechi da abokansa suka hadu don zabar &quot;dan takarar jam'iyya,&quot; suna sulhunta da Tonye Cole wanda zai kasance dan takarar APC a shekarar 2019 idan ba a dakatar da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake wasu masu neman shiga sun amince da shirin kuma sun fice, Abe da abokan hulɗarsa sun bayyana a fili cewa ba su amince da Cole a matsayin zaɓin jam'iyyar ba tare da wani dan siyasa mai haɗin kai na Abe yana ba'a da Cole a matsayinsa na &quot;abokin kasuwanci na&quot; Amaechi .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, akwai zanga-zangar wasu a cikin jam'iyyar da suka yi tir da tsarin da ba a sani ba da kuma zaɓin Cole saboda bai taɓa rike mukamin da aka zaba ba kuma ana zaton ba shi da tsarin siyasa a jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rashin amincewa, jam'iyyar ta tabbatar da Cole a matsayin zabin yarjejeniya; kodayake sanarwar manema labarai ta lura cewa tunda taron ba tsari ne na jam'iyya ba, Cole ba shi ne wanda aka zaba a hukumance ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, goyon bayan jam'iyyar Cole bai warware gardamar ba yayin da wasu 'yan takara suka yi tambaya game da zaɓin da tsarinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|All Progressives Congress|paragraphs=2|hat=no}}A cikin kwanaki kafin zaben fidda gwani, rikicin jam'iyyar ya kara zurfi yayin da sansanin Abe ya ki amincewa da majalisa na wakilai na wucin gadi kuma ya yi zanga-zanga a sakatariyar jam'iyyar ta jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar farko, Abe ya kauracewa kuma ya ki amincewa da ayyukan fidda gwani kafin a gudanar da zaben fidda gwini kai tsaye kuma ya haifar da Cole ya fito a matsayin dan takarar APC bayan sakamakon ya nuna Cole ya lashe sama da kashi 77% na kuri'un wakilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin jawabinsa na karɓa, Cole ya gode wa wakilai da Amaechi kafin ya nemi Abe da sauransu su haɗa kai da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt; Zai tafi kan zaɓaɓɓen tsohon MHA Innocent Barikor - ɗan kabilar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] daga [[Gokana]] - a matsayin abokin aikinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 June 2022 |title=2023: Rivers APC Picks Barikor As Running Mate to Cole |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628065309/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |archive-date=28 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rokon hadin kai, Abe da wasu tsoffin 'yan takarar firamare biyu sun bar jam'iyyar a watan Yuli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abe zai ci gaba da samun zaben gwamna na SDP.&lt;ref name=&quot;SDP primary&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=30 July 2022 |title=Magnus Abe emerges Rivers SDP gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/breaking-magnus-abe-emerges-rivers-sdp-gov-candidate/ |access-date=3 August 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, karar da aka shigar daga wakilan da ke goyon bayan Abe waɗanda suka yi zargin cewa an hana su ikon yin zabe a zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da soke zaben fidda gashin gashin gashi na APC ta Babban Kotun Tarayya a ranar 25 ga Oktoba. &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; Rivers APC ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin, tana mai cewa kotun ba ta da iko a kan batun jam'iyya na ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; Kotun daukaka kara ta goyi bayan APC a watan Janairun 2023, ta sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;/&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* Tonye Cole: ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan tsohon jakadan [[Patrick Dele-Cole]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nwisi |first=Rosemary |date=11 April 2022 |title=Dakuku, Cole, Princewill, George, six others join Rivers APC gov race |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/dakuku-cole-princewill-george-six-others-join-rivers-apc-gov-race/ |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abokin aiki - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;[3]
** Abokin gudu - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi ====

* [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]: member of the [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|NNPC]] Board (2020–present) and former senator for Rivers South East (2011–2015; 2016–2019) (defected after the primary to successfully run in the SDP gubernatorial primary)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;
* [[Sokonte Davies]]: former [[Hukumar Tashar Jirgin ruwa ta Nijeriya|Nigerian Ports Authority]] official&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]: former [[Asari-Toru]] Local Government Chairman&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Ibinabo Michael West: former Commissioner for Transportation&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Bernard Mikko]]: former [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|House of Representatives]] member for Khana/Gokana (1999–2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== Ya janye ====

* [[Biokpomabo Awara]]: 2019 AAC mai gabatarwa gwamna &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;
* [[Francis Ada Ebenezer]]: mai lissafi da mai wa'azi &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dawari George]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Akuku Toru / Asari Toru kuma tsohon Kwamishinan Makamashi da albarkatun kasa (ya sauya sheka bayan zaben fidda gwani don samun nasarar gudanarwa a zaben fidda gashin gwani na AA) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dakuku Peterside]]: tsohon Darakta Janar na [[Hukumar Kula da Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya|Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Tsaro ta Najeriya]] (2016-2020), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Andoni-[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]] (2011-2015), wanda aka zaba a matsayin gwamna na APC na 2015, tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka (2007-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Opobo-Nkuro (2002-2003) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tonye Princewill]]: 2015 LP gwamna noman, 2007 AC gwamna nomin, kuma ɗan tsohon Amanyanabo na Kalabari Kingdom Theophilus J.T. Princewill (ya fice bayan firamare) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Mina Tende]]: tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar [[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=APC primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Tonye Cole]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=986|percentage=77.58%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=190|percentage=14.95%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Sokonte Davies]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=49|percentage=3.86%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ibinabo Michael West]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=43|percentage=3.38%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Bernard Mikko]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=2|percentage=0.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Magnus Abe]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=1|percentage=0.08%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}Ba kamar jam'iyyar APC ta jihar ba, Rivers PDP ba ta fuskanci rikice-rikicen cikin gida kai tsaye a gaban jam'iyyar fidda gwani yayin da Wike ke da iko kai tsaye a kan yawancin jam'iyyar. Koyaya, yayin da firamare ke gabatowa, gwagwarmaya kan hanyar firamare da salon jagorancin Wike ya fara bayyanawa daga rahotanni wanda ya kai ga babban zanga-zanga a sakatariyar Rivers PDP a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mai goyon bayan zanga-zangar kuma abokin hamayyar Wike, memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] yana neman gwamna har sai Wike ya zargi Dagogo da tallafawa 'yan fashi don kai hari kan sakatariyar jam'iyyar a ranar 27 ga Afrilu kuma ya umarci' yan sanda su kama shi ranar da ta gabata kafin binciken gwamna na PDP.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagogo, wanda ya riga ya sayi kuma ya gabatar da fom don yin takara a zaben fidda gwani, ya yi ƙoƙari ya halarci aikin tantance jam'iyya a ranar 28 ga Afrilu amma 'yan sanda suka tsare shi kuma suka tsare shi a kurkuku har abada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mataimakan Dagogo tare da kungiyoyin farar hula sun yi tir da kama shi a matsayin manufa ta siyasa kuma sun yi kira ga a saki Dagogo amma PDP kawai ta hana shi daga zaben fidda gwani saboda 'rashin halarta a tantancewa.'   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released|access-date=3 May 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSERAP2022&quot;&gt;SERAP [@SERAPNigeria] (30 April 2022). [https://x.com/SERAPNigeria/status/1520428431246307338 &quot;Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released&quot;] ([[Tweet (social media)|Tweet]])&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;3 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt; &amp;#x2013; via [[Twitter]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=May 2022 |title=16 Governorship Aspirants Scale PDP Screening In Rivers |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/16-governorship-aspirants-scale-pdp-screening-in-rivers/ |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Adamawa State gubernatorial election|People's Democratic Party|paragraphs=1|hat=no}}In the days directly before the primary, reports emerged that Wike had settled on [[Siminalayi Fubara]]—the immediate past Accountant General of Rivers State—as his preferred candidate despite the [[Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta EFCC|Economic and Financial Crimes Commission]] declaring Fubara wanted for fraud on 24 May.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the primary date, the candidates contested an indirect primary that ended with Fubara's nomination after results showed him winning over 81% of the delegates' votes; several other candidates did not attend the event.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his acceptance speech, Fubara vowed to continue the work of the Wike administration. After the primary, it was noted that Fubara's riverine origin and [[Mutanen Ijaw|Ijaw ethnicity]] were a move in favor of a power shift after Wike's governorship.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt; However, Fubara still faced opposition from the EFCC as agents attempted to arrest him on 8 June and were stopped by Fubara's armed thugs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite his status as a fugitive, Fubara commenced his campaign and selected [[Ngozi Odu]]—a former commissioner from [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]]—as his running mate later in June.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 June 2022 |title=NGOZI ODU IS RIVERS PDP DEPUTY GOVERNORSHIP CANDIDATE |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622095319/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* [[Siminalayi Fubara]]: tsohon Babban Mai ba da lissafi na jihar&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=13 April 2022 |title=Wike's aides resign, 13 aspirants jostle for PDP ticket |url=https://punchng.com/wikes-aides-resign-13-aspirants-jostle-for-pdp-ticket/ |access-date=14 April 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt; Matashi mai gudu - Ngozi Odu: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi[4]
** Mataki mai gudu - [[Ngozi Odu]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi a firamare ====

* David Briggs: tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;
* Abieatedoghu Bob-Abbey Hart: 2015 PDP shugaban kasa dan takara &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Tammy Danagogo: Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2019-2022) kuma tsohon Ministan Wasanni (2014-2015) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Dax George-Kelly: tsohon mai ba da shawara ga Gwamna Wike&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tele Ikuru]]: tsohon [[Mataimakin gwamnan Jihar Rivers|Mataimakin Gwamna]] (2007; 2007-2015), tsohon Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane (2004-2006), tsohon Kwamishina na Aikin Gona da Albarkatun Halitta (1999-2003), kuma dan uwan tsohon Shugaban PDP na kasa Uche Secondus &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot; /&gt;
* [[Boma Iyaye]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Wasanni (2008-2009; 2009-2011; 2015-2022) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Ogu-Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Isaac Kamalu: tsohon Kwamishinan Kudi (2019-2022), tsohon Kwamishina na Kasafin Kudi da Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki (2015-2019), kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dattijai na Eleme (2007-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Lee Maeba]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2003-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odiegwu |first=Mike |title=Cracks as Rivers PDP mulls consensus governorship candidate |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/cracks-as-rivers-pdp-mulls-consensus-governorship-candidate/ |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Olaka Nwogu]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2015-2016), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na [[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]] / Oyigbo / Tai (1999-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Eleme &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Felix A. Obuah]]: tsohon Shugaban PDP na Jihar Rivers&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Austin Opara]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Port Harcourt II (1999-2007) kuma tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Wakili &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[George Thompson Sekibo]]: Sanata na Rivers East (2007-2017; 2019-yanzu) da kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Okrika / Ogu / Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Precious Sekibo: tsohon Ministan Sufuri (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Morgan Tom-West  &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== An hana shi ta kwamitin tantancewa ====

* [[Farah Dagogo]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Degema / Bonny (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Degema (wanda aka hana shi saboda rashin halarta a gwajin gwaji) &lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;

==== Ya ƙi ====

* [[Dum Dekor|Dunamene Dekor]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Khana / Gokana (2019-yanzu), tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka, kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar na Khana II &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;
* Kenneth Kobani: tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2015-2019) kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Masana'antu, Ciniki da Zuba Jari &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;
* [[Barry Mpigi]]: Sanata na Rivers Kudu maso Gabas (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Eleme / Oyigbo / Tai (2011-2019) &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=PDP primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Siminalayi Fubara]]}}|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=721|percentage=81.01%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Isaac Kamalu]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=86|percentage=9.66%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dax George-Kelly|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=37|percentage=4.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tammy Danagogo]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=36|percentage=4.04%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=David Briggs|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Morgan Tom-West]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Felix A. Obuah]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=2|percentage=0.22%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Other candidates|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=0|percentage=0.00%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

=== Ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ===
 

== Yaƙin neman zaɓe ==
Nan da nan bayan zaben fidda gwani, masu sharhi sun rarraba zaben a matsayin gwagwarmaya tsakanin gwamnan mai barin gado [[Ezenwo Wike|Ezenwo Nyesom Wike]] (PDP) da tsohon gwamnan [[Rotimi Amaechi]] (APC) duk da kasancewa zaben gwamnan Jihar Rivers na farko tun 2003 wanda babu Wike ko Amaechi 'yan takara.{{Efn|Although Amaechi's name was not on the ballot in the [[2007 Rivers State gubernatorial election|2007 election]], he successfully sued to be a legitimate candidate.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fubara da Cole suna da alaƙa sosai da Wike da Amaechi, bi da bi, wanda ya haifar da lakabin babban zaben a matsayin ci gaba da gwagwarmayar iko tsakanin su biyu. Koyaya, fitowar [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] - tsohon sanata wanda ya shafe shekaru yana jayayya da Amaechi kan kula da APC na jihar - yayin da dan takarar SDP ya kara da rashin tabbas ga zaben. Abubuwa mafi mahimmanci sun haɗa da shari'ar cin hanci da rashawa ta Fubara da kuma rikici na Wike da PDP na kasa game da sakamakon zaben fidda gwani na shugaban kasa, wanda ya rasa a watan Mayu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci a watan Oktoba 2022 wanda ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; An kwatanta hukuncin da sauri da irin wannan hukuncin da ya hana Rivers APC shiga gasar a shekarar 2019; &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; jam'iyyar ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin kuma ta yi alkawarin yin takara a zaben.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan da ya biyo baya, a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, an saki zaben farko na jama'a - wanda NIO Polls ya gudanar kuma Gidauniyar Anap ta ba da izini - don tseren tare da nuna filin da aka raba sosai wanda Fubara ya jagoranci yayin da Cole (wanda aka haɗa duk da hukuncin kotu) da Abe suka biyo baya a karo na biyu da na uku, bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayin da zaben ya kusa, an sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba ta hanyar Kotun daukaka kara a watan Janairun 2023. A watan da ya biyo baya, kungiyar Rivers State Governorship Debate Group ta gudanar da muhawara a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu; Abe, Cole, da kuma dan takarar LP Beatrice Itubo sun halarci yayin da Fubara da dan takarar Accord Dumo Lulu-Briggs ba su nan.&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 February 2023 |title=2023 polls: Rivers PDP guber candidate, Sim Fubara shuns debate |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/20/2023-polls-rivers-pdp-guber-candidate-sim-fubara-shuns-debate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya a watan Fabrairu, mayar da hankali ga zaben shugaban kasa da ke gabatowa a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu. A cikin zaben, Jihar Rivers ta zabi [[Bola Tinubu]] (APC) a cikin gardama; sakamakon da aka ayyana ya nuna Tinubu ya lashe jihar da kashi 44.2% na kuri'un don kayar da Peter Obi (LP) da kashi 33.4% da [[Atiku Abubakar]] (PDP) da kashi 16.9%. Zaben, wanda ya cika da rashin daidaito da zarge-zargen zamba, ya haifar da sabuntawa ga tseren gwamna yayin da rahotanni na tsangwama na zaben da Wike ya jagoranta don goyon bayan Tinubu ya haifar da damuwa game da irin wannan kokarin ga Fubara. Masu sharhi sun lura da yiwuwar rashin jin daɗi na masu jefa kuri'a saboda ma'anar cewa ainihin kuri'un ba su da tasiri ga sakamakon da aka sanar saboda rahotanni masu yawa daga Fabrairu tare da tsoron tashin hankali da aka yi niyya a sansanonin adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran abubuwan da masana suka yi la'akari da su sun haɗa da yanayin siyasa mai rikitarwa, tsattsauran ra'ayi game da wadanda ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba, da ci gaba da kai hare-hare kan masu adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tattaunawar zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|+Muhawara game da zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na 2023
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Masu shirya taron
! colspan=&quot;7&quot; |&lt;{{Font color|black|#FF9090|&amp;nbsp;A&amp;nbsp;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Accord (Nijeriya)|A]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Nigeria Labour Party|LP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |Sauran jam'iyyun
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Accord (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Labour Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Others}};&quot; |
|-
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |4 ga Fabrairu
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |[[Rivers State Governorship Debate Group|Kungiyar Tattaunawar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers]]
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Lulu-Briggs}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Tonye Cole|Cole]]}}}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Beatrice Itubo|Itubo]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|[[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Magnus Abe|Abe]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#A2B2C2;&quot; |'''NI'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Multiple}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;/&gt;
|}

=== Zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:14px;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Kungiyar zabe / abokin ciniki
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar Aikin Gida&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Samfurin samfur&lt;br /&gt;
![[Fayil:Tonye_Cole.jpg|80x80px]]
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''PDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''SDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ba a yanke shawara ba
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Babu wani amsa / Babu wani amsa/An ƙi
|-
!Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Magnus Ngei Abe|Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/pdps-siminalayi-fubara-has-a-narrow-lead-in-a-severely-fragmented-race NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Oktoba 2022
|500
|14%
|11%
|6%
|12%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 4%; [[Tekena Iyagba]] (BP): 3%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Other candidates: 3%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''37%'''
|20%{{Efn|Refused: 18%; None: 2%}}
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/rivers-pdps-siminalayi-fubara-maintains-lead-but-sdps-magnus-abe-has-momentum NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Fabrairu 2023
|N/A
|10%
|20%
|11%
|11%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 6%; [[Dawari George]] (AA): 2%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Victor Tamie Fingesi: 1%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''23%'''
|25%{{Efn|Refused: 24%; None: 1%}}
|-
|}

== Tsinkaya ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!Tushen
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tsinkaya
!Ya zuwa yanzu
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Nowrap|[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]{{efn|AfricaElects projections predict the likelihood of a candidate winning a state by categorizing a state as &quot;Safe&quot; for exceedingly likely, &quot;Likely&quot; for somewhat likely, and &quot;Lean&quot; for least likely. If no clear determination could be made, states are categorized as &quot;tossups&quot;.}}}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Africa Elects ratings&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Elimian |first=Adrian |title=Nigerian Gubernatorial Elections: State Ratings |url=https://africaelects.com/2023/03/18/nigerian-gubernatorial-elections-state-ratings/ |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00c00e&quot; |Wataƙila Fubara
|17 Maris 2023
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |Ya isa ya isa ya zama {{Nowrap|[[SBM Intelligence]]{{efn|EiE-SBM projections predict which candidates will win states.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;EiE-SBM March projections&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=The EiE-SBM 2023 Election forecast: Diminished interest in state elections will make for poor outcomes |url=https://www.sbmintel.com/2023/03/the-eie-sbm-2023-election-forecast-diminished-interest-in-state-elections-will-make-for-poor-outcomes/ |website=SBM Intelligence |date=2 March 2023 |access-date=16 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#009404&quot; |Fubara
|2 ga Maris 2023
|-
|}

== Halin da ake yi ==

=== Lokaci na zaɓe ===
{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|Electoral timetable|hat=no}}

== Babban Zabe ==

=== Sakamakon ===
{{Election box begin no change|title=2023 Rivers State gubernatorial election}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dumo Lulu-Briggs|party=Accord (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dawari George]]|party=Action Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Victor Tamie Fingesi]]|party=Action Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Leesi Gabriel Gborogbosi|party=Action Peoples Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dada Joseph Ngechu Obele]]|party=African Action Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonte Ibraye]]|party=African Democratic Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Faye-Ofori Churchill]]|party=Allied Peoples Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonye Cole]]|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=95,274|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Ugochukwu Prince Beke]]|party=All Progressives Grand Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tekena Iyagba]]|party=Boot Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Beatrice Itubo]]|party=Labour Party (Nigeria)|votes=22,224|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Sam Agwor]]|party=New Nigeria Peoples Party|votes=335|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Jackrich Sobomabo]]|party=National Rescue Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Siminalayi Fubara]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=302,614|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Magnus Abe]]|party=Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Danagogo Wenike-Briggs]]|party=Young Progressives Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Leyii Kwanee]]|party=Zenith Labour Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

==== Ta hanyar gundumar sanata ====
Sakamakon zaben ta gundumar sanata.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gundumar Sanata
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gundumar Sanatan Rivers ta Gabas|Gundumar Sanata ta Gabas ta Rivers]]{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]], [[Etche]], [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]], [[Obio-Akpor]], [[Ogu–Bolo]], [[Okrika]], [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]], and [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Kogin Kudu maso Gabas na Gundumar Sanata{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]], [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]], [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]], [[Opobo–Nkoro]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Sanata ta Yammacin Kogin{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]], [[Ahoada East]], [[Ahoada West]], [[Akuku-Toru]], [[Asari-Toru]], [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]], [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]], and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar mazabar tarayya ====
Sakamakon zaben ta mazabar tarayya.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mazabar Tarayya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Abua/Odua/Ahoada Gabashin Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]] and [[Ahoada East]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ahoada West/Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ahoada East]] and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Tarayyar Akuku Toru / Asari Toru{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Akuku-Toru]] and [[Asari-Toru]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Andoni/Opobo/Nkoro Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]] and [[Opobo–Nkoro]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Degema / Bonny Mazabar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]] and [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Eleme/Oyigbo/Tai Tarayyar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Yankin Etche/Omuma na Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Etche]] and [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ikwerre/Emohua Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]] and [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Khana/Gokana Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]] and [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Obio/Akpor Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government area of [[Obio-Akpor]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Okrika/Ogu/Bolo Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ogu–Bolo]] and [[Okrika]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Port Harcourt I Majalisa ta Tarayya da Port Harcoort II Majalisa na Tarayya{{Efn|Together comprising the local government area of [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}{{Efn|These two constituencies are within a single LGA. As this table does not differentiate between intra-LGA results, these figures are for the entire LGA which is the same as the data for both constituencies.}}&lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar karamar hukuma ====
Sakamakon zaben ta karamar hukuma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |LGA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kashi na masu halarta
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Abua–Odual|Abua-Odual]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,738
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,763
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |463
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |712
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,676
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Gabas|Ahoada Gabas]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,650
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,408
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,077
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |903
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,038
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Yamma|Ahoada Yamma]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,883
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,425
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,063
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |775
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,146
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Akuku-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,724
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,273
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |222
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |931
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |11,150
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Andoni]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,149
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,319
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1185
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |618
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Asari-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,209
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |12,663
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |179
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |18,322
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Bonny (Rivers)|Bonny]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,285
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,032
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |559
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,571
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,447
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Degema]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |579
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,006
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,414
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |920
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,247
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Emohua
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,916
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,600
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |805
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,270
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Etche|Ƙarƙashin]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,043
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,586
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,283
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |26,320
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gokana]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,455
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,840
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |755
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ikwerre]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,716
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Khana]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Obio-Akpor|Rashin amincewa da Akpor]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,056
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,083
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni|Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,729
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,450
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,391
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |7,103
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |310
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Okrika|Yankin]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,342
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Omuma]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,760
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Oyigbo]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Port Harcourt (ƙaramar hukuma)|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Harcourt]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |26,892
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Tai]]
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== Dubi kuma ==

* Zaben Najeriya na 2023
* [[Zaben gwamnonin Najeriya 2023|Zaben gwamna na Najeriya na 2023]]

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{2023 Nigeria elections}}{{Elections in Rivers State}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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An gudanar da Zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na shekarar 2023, a ranar 18 ga watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2023, don zabar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers, tare da Zaɓen Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers da sauran zabukan gwamna ashirin da bakwai da zaɓen duk sauran gidajen majalisa na jihar.[1][2] Za a gudanar da zaben - wanda aka jinkirta daga ranar 11 ga watan Maris - makonni uku bayan Zaben shugaban kasa da zaben Majalisar Dokoki.[3] Gwamnan PDP mai ci Ezenwo Nyesom Wike yana da iyakacin wa'adi, kuma ba zai iya neman sake zaben zuwa wa'adi na uku ba.

An shirya zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyya tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 9 ga Yunin shekarar 2022 tare da Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party da ta zabi tsohon mai ba da lissafi na jihar [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a ranar 25 ga Mayu yayin da All Progressives Congress ta zabi dan kasuwa Tonye Cole a ranar 26 ga Mayu.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ibunge |first=Blessing |title=Rivers Accountant General, Fubara, Wins PDP Governorship Primary |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/05/26/rivers-accountant-general-fubara-wins-pdp-governorship-primary/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[ThisDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 May 2022 |title=Tonye Cole wins Rivers APC governorship ticket |url=https://gazettengr.com/tonye-cole-wins-rivers-apc-governorship-ticket/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]] |publisher=[[News Agency of Nigeria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, hukuncin Babban Kotun Tarayya ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC amma Kotun daukaka kara ta soke hukuncin a watan Janairun 2023 .&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sanusi |first=Abiodun |last2=Naku |first2=Dennis |date=25 October 2022 |title=JUST IN: Court nullifies APC primaries in Rivers |url=https://punchng.com/just-in-court-nullifies-apc-primaries-in-rivers/ |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=20 January 2023 |title=Court nullifies suit against Rivers APC gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/court-nullifies-suit-against-rivers-apc-gov-candidate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan an kammala tattarawa a ranar da ta biyo bayan zaben, INEC ta ayyana Fubara a matsayin mai nasara. A cikin sakamakon hukuma, Fubara ya lashe kusan ƙuri'u 303,000 (~ 63% na kuri'un) don kayar da Cole da kusan kuri'un 95,000 (20% na kuri'u), Abe da kusan kuriʼu 47,000 (~ 10% na kuri'a), da Itubo da kusan ƙuri&quot; 22,000 (5% na kuri'an). Sakamakon nan da nan ne 'yan wasan da suka zo na biyu suka ki amincewa da shi saboda rahotanni da yawa game da rashin daidaito da tashin hankali.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cole rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okwa |first=Reuben |date=21 March 2023 |title=Tonye Cole, Others Reject Rivers Gov Election Result, Demand Cancellation |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/03/21/tonye-cole-others-reject-rivers-governorship-election-result-demand-cancellation/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Channels TV]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Abe rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=8 April 2023 |title=Rivers guber: We'll challenge election results, SDP's Abe insists |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/rivers-guber-well-challenge-election-results-sdps-abe-insists/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Itubo rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chukwu |first=Ignatius |date=19 March 2023 |title=Labour Party rejects outcome of Saturday elections in Rivers |url=https://businessday.ng/nigeriadecidesliveupdates/article/labour-party-rejects-outcome-of-saturday-elections-in-rivers/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shari'ar kalubalen shari'a da ta biyo baya ta kai [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]], wacce ta tabbatar da zaben Fubara a cikin hukunce-hukuncen da aka yanke a watan Janairun 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;Supreme Court upholds Fubara victory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=UPDATED: Supreme Court affirms Rivers governor, Fubara's election |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/661993-updated-supreme-court-affirms-rivers-governor-fubaras-election.html |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana kuma zaɓar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zaɓe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu, tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u, da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

== Tarihi ==
Jihar Rivers jihar ce mai yawan jama'a, jiha daban-daban a Kudu tare da manyan man fetur da gas na halitta tare da cibiyoyin masana'antu. Duk da yawan kuɗaɗen shigar da man fetur, jihar tana da manyan batutuwa da yawa tare da ƴan fashi da' yan bindigar man fetur ba bisa ka'ida ba a yankunan kogi yayin da yankunan birane ke da yawan jama'a da gurɓataccen muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A siyasance, zaɓen shekara ta 2019 ya kasance ci gaba da ikon PDP na jihar yayin da rashin iyawar APC na jihar don gudanar da zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da rashin cancanta ta kotun. Dan takarar shugaban kasa na PDP [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya lashe jihar da kashi 50% kuma jam'iyyar [[Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|ya sami dukkan kujerun majalisar dattijai guda uku]] yayin da ta mamaye [[Zaben Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|Zaben Majalisar Wakilai]]. A matakin jiha, PDP ta kuma [[2019 Rivers State House of Assembly election|riƙewa]] mafi rinjaye a Majalisar Dokoki kuma Wike ta lashe [[Zaben gwamna na Jihar Legas na 2019|Zaben gwamna]] da yawa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin wa'adin Wike, manufofin wa'adinsa na biyu sune ababen more rayuwa, horo na kasafin kuɗi, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da hadin kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dangane da aikinsa, an yaba wa Wike don ci gaban ababen more rayuwa, inganta kiwon lafiya, saka hannun jari a wasanni, da turawa kan bunker mai ba bisa ka'ida ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, an soki gwamnatinsa saboda jinkirin watanni na kafa majalisa, sanarwar da ya yi na Rivers a matsayin &quot;jiha ta Kirista&quot; da kuma mummunar martani ga rushewar masallaci, kashe biliyoyin naira don siyan motocin alatu ga ƴan majalisa da alƙalai, ƙoƙarin hana zanga-zangar ba bisa ka'ida ba a lokacin tsawo na zanga-zambe na SARS na 2020, da ya ga damuwa da fara rikice-rikice-rikici na jama'a tare da wasu jami'an da aka zaba, biyan albashi da fansho ba bisa ka-zangar gwamnati ba, da rashin girmamawa    masu mulki na gargajiya   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kevin-Alerechi |first=Elfredah |date=14 October 2020 |title=Rivers residents groan as Wike spends N3.4 billion on luxury cars for judges, politicians |url=https://gazettengr.com/rivers-residents-groan-as-wike-spends-n3-4-billion-on-luxury-cars-for-judges-politicians/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 October 2020 |title=Nigerians React As Gov Wike Bans #EndSARS Protest In Rivers |url=https://www.theheritagetimes.com/nigerians-react-as-gov-wike-bans-endsars-protest-in-rivers/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=The Heritage Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 March 2022 |title=Ranking Nigerian Governors Feb/March 2022: APC Govs' dirty fight, Sanwo-Olu's BRT snag, Wike's uncouthness, Umahi's meltdown |url=https://www.ripplesnigeria.com/ranking-nigerian-governors-feb-march-2022-apc-govs-dirty-fight-sanwo-olus-brt-snag-wikes-uncouthness-umahis-meltdown/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Ripples Nigeria]] |quote=Though we acknowledge Wike's reported passion for his party and other issues, we, however, frown at his constant ranting and hurling of insults, and issuing of threats against his opponents— in their ever-increasing number and classification. We believe Governor Wike will do well for himself in taking one or two lessons in diplomacy, civility in public communication and the gentlemanly requirement for public office holders.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Opara |first=George |date=21 May 2022 |title=2023: Wike pushes for presidency amidst opposition from home turf |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/05/21/2023-wike-pushes-for-presidency-amidst-opposition-from-home-turf/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyebade |first=Wole |date=12 February 2020 |title=Wike's disrespect for ancient stool and the victims |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/wikes-disrespect-for-ancient-stool-and-the-victims/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wike kuma ya zo da wuta saboda yunkurin mulkin mallaka don murkushe 'yan adawa ta hanyar hana zanga-zangar sau da yawa kuma mafi mahimmanci, lokacin da aka kama abokin hamayyarsa a cikin jam'iyya kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] kuma aka ɗaure shi makonni don hana shi yin takarar gwamna.&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police arrest federal lawmaker on Wike's order |url=https://punchng.com/police-arrest-federal-lawmaker-on-wikes-order/ |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police execute Wike's order, arrest PDP governorship aspirant |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627165453/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-date=27 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani mahimmin tushen jayayya shine yadda yake kula da kisan gillar Oy[[Inyamurai|Ibo]] a watan Nuwamban shekarar 2020, lokacin da ma'aikatan [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojoji]] suka kai hari kan samari na Igbo a [[Oyigbo]] bayan da IPOB ta kashe sojoji biyar; Wike akai-akai ya musanta duk wani laifi na Sojoji kuma ya tabbatar da mamayar soja na mako-mako na yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Taiwo-Hassan |date=23 November 2020 |title=investigation: Inside the horrific bloodshed and massive extrajudicial killings in Nigeria's Oyigbo community |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/427469-investigation-inside-the-horrific-bloodshed-and-massive-extrajudicial-killings-in-nigerias-oyigbo-community.html |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Princewill |first=Nimi |last2=Kevin-Alerechi |first2=Elfredah |date=2 November 2020 |title=Oyigbo Killings: Nigerian soldiers on reprisal attacks against IPOB elements: Wike |url=https://gazettengr.com/oyigbo-killings-nigerian-soldiers-on-reprisal-attacks-against-ipob-elements-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zaben fidda gwani ==
Za a gudanar da zaɓen fidda gwani, tare da duk wani kalubale da zai iya samu ga sakamakon fidda gwamna, tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 3 ga Yunin shekarar 2022 to amma an tsawaita lokacin zuwa 9 ga Yuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;New Dates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jimoh |first=Abbas |date=26 February 2022 |title=INEC Sets New Dates For 2023 General Elections |url=https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=[[Daily Trust]] |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725032251/https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugabannin kabilun kamar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] sun yi kira ga jam'iyyun da su zabi wanda ba Ikwerre ba kamar yadda Ikwerres suka rike gwamna tun 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, duk da samar da kashi mai yawa na yawan mutanen Rivers, babu wani Ogoni da ya taɓa rike gwamna ko mataimakin gwamna, wanda ya haifar da kira don tsarawa na jam'iyyun ga gundumar Sanata ta Kudu maso Gabas ta Ogoni. Wadannan kira, tare da wasu da'awar cewa gwamnan ya kamata ya juya tsakanin yankunan tsaunuka da yankunan kogi, sun haifar da matsin lamba ga jam'iyyun don zabar wani daga yankunan kudancin ko kuma musamman, yankunan Ogoni-mafi yawan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga 'yan takara daga sauran gundumomi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Godwin |first=Ann |date=31 May 2021 |title=Search for Wike's successor roils Rivers as Ogoni eyes 2023 |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/search-for-wikes-successor-roils-rivers-as-ogoni-eyes-2023/ |access-date=2 August 2021 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta tsara gabatarwa, duka APC da PDP sun zabi 'yan siyasa daga yankunan kogi.

=== Dukkanin Majalisa Masu Ci gaba ===
Rikici mai tsawo tsakanin tsohon gwamnan da Ministan Sufuri na tarayya [[Rotimi Amaechi]] da tsohon Sanata [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] wanda ya haifar da rashin cancanta na Rivers APC a cikin 2019 ya ci gaba da gaba da zaben fidda gwani yayin da ƙungiyoyinsu suka gudanar da majalisa daban-daban kuma suka zabi shugabanci daban-daban a cikin 2021; shugabancin APC na kasa daga baya ya yarda da sakamakon majalisa da Amaechi ke tallafawa a matsayin halatta. A matsayin fadada rikicin jam'iyya, akwai rikice-rikice a cikin Rivers APC game da yiwuwar zoning zaben gwamna yayin da Amaechi ke goyon bayan zoning zuwa Kudu maso Gabas yayin da Abe ya yi yaƙi da yanke shawara ta zoning.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Renew Battle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odufowokan |first='Dare |title=Rivers 2023: Amaechi, Abe renew battle for soul of APC |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/rivers-2023-amaechi-abe-renew-battle-for-soul-of-apc/ |access-date=25 November 2021 |website=The Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, ya bayyana a fili cewa ba a warware rikicin jam'iyyar ba yayin da Amaechi da abokansa suka hadu don zabar &quot;dan takarar jam'iyya,&quot; suna sulhunta da Tonye Cole wanda zai kasance dan takarar APC a shekarar 2019 idan ba a dakatar da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake wasu masu neman shiga sun amince da shirin kuma sun fice, Abe da abokan hulɗarsa sun bayyana a fili cewa ba su amince da Cole a matsayin zaɓin jam'iyyar ba tare da wani dan siyasa mai haɗin kai na Abe yana ba'a da Cole a matsayinsa na &quot;abokin kasuwanci na&quot; Amaechi .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, akwai zanga-zangar wasu a cikin jam'iyyar da suka yi tir da tsarin da ba a sani ba da kuma zaɓin Cole saboda bai taɓa rike mukamin da aka zaba ba kuma ana zaton ba shi da tsarin siyasa a jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rashin amincewa, jam'iyyar ta tabbatar da Cole a matsayin zabin yarjejeniya; kodayake sanarwar manema labarai ta lura cewa tunda taron ba tsari ne na jam'iyya ba, Cole ba shi ne wanda aka zaba a hukumance ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, goyon bayan jam'iyyar Cole bai warware gardamar ba yayin da wasu 'yan takara suka yi tambaya game da zaɓin da tsarinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|All Progressives Congress|paragraphs=2|hat=no}}A cikin kwanaki kafin zaben fidda gwani, rikicin jam'iyyar ya kara zurfi yayin da sansanin Abe ya ki amincewa da majalisa na wakilai na wucin gadi kuma ya yi zanga-zanga a sakatariyar jam'iyyar ta jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar farko, Abe ya kauracewa kuma ya ki amincewa da ayyukan fidda gwani kafin a gudanar da zaben fidda gwini kai tsaye kuma ya haifar da Cole ya fito a matsayin dan takarar APC bayan sakamakon ya nuna Cole ya lashe sama da kashi 77% na kuri'un wakilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin jawabinsa na karɓa, Cole ya gode wa wakilai da Amaechi kafin ya nemi Abe da sauransu su haɗa kai da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt; Zai tafi kan zaɓaɓɓen tsohon MHA Innocent Barikor - ɗan kabilar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] daga [[Gokana]] - a matsayin abokin aikinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 June 2022 |title=2023: Rivers APC Picks Barikor As Running Mate to Cole |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628065309/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |archive-date=28 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rokon hadin kai, Abe da wasu tsoffin 'yan takarar firamare biyu sun bar jam'iyyar a watan Yuli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abe zai ci gaba da samun zaben gwamna na SDP.&lt;ref name=&quot;SDP primary&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=30 July 2022 |title=Magnus Abe emerges Rivers SDP gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/breaking-magnus-abe-emerges-rivers-sdp-gov-candidate/ |access-date=3 August 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, karar da aka shigar daga wakilan da ke goyon bayan Abe waɗanda suka yi zargin cewa an hana su ikon yin zabe a zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da soke zaben fidda gashin gashin gashi na APC ta Babban Kotun Tarayya a ranar 25 ga Oktoba. &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; Rivers APC ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin, tana mai cewa kotun ba ta da iko a kan batun jam'iyya na ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; Kotun daukaka kara ta goyi bayan APC a watan Janairun 2023, ta sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;/&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* Tonye Cole: ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan tsohon jakadan [[Patrick Dele-Cole]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nwisi |first=Rosemary |date=11 April 2022 |title=Dakuku, Cole, Princewill, George, six others join Rivers APC gov race |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/dakuku-cole-princewill-george-six-others-join-rivers-apc-gov-race/ |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abokin aiki - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;[3]
** Abokin gudu - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi ====

* [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]: member of the [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|NNPC]] Board (2020–present) and former senator for Rivers South East (2011–2015; 2016–2019) (defected after the primary to successfully run in the SDP gubernatorial primary)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;
* [[Sokonte Davies]]: former [[Hukumar Tashar Jirgin ruwa ta Nijeriya|Nigerian Ports Authority]] official&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]: former [[Asari-Toru]] Local Government Chairman&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Ibinabo Michael West: former Commissioner for Transportation&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Bernard Mikko]]: former [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|House of Representatives]] member for Khana/Gokana (1999–2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== Ya janye ====

* [[Biokpomabo Awara]]: 2019 AAC mai gabatarwa gwamna &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;
* [[Francis Ada Ebenezer]]: mai lissafi da mai wa'azi &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dawari George]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Akuku Toru / Asari Toru kuma tsohon Kwamishinan Makamashi da albarkatun kasa (ya sauya sheka bayan zaben fidda gwani don samun nasarar gudanarwa a zaben fidda gashin gwani na AA) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dakuku Peterside]]: tsohon Darakta Janar na [[Hukumar Kula da Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya|Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Tsaro ta Najeriya]] (2016-2020), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Andoni-[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]] (2011-2015), wanda aka zaba a matsayin gwamna na APC na 2015, tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka (2007-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Opobo-Nkuro (2002-2003) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tonye Princewill]]: 2015 LP gwamna noman, 2007 AC gwamna nomin, kuma ɗan tsohon Amanyanabo na Kalabari Kingdom Theophilus J.T. Princewill (ya fice bayan firamare) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Mina Tende]]: tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar [[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=APC primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Tonye Cole]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=986|percentage=77.58%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=190|percentage=14.95%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Sokonte Davies]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=49|percentage=3.86%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ibinabo Michael West]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=43|percentage=3.38%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Bernard Mikko]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=2|percentage=0.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Magnus Abe]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=1|percentage=0.08%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}Ba kamar jam'iyyar APC ta jihar ba, Rivers PDP ba ta fuskanci rikice-rikicen cikin gida kai tsaye a gaban jam'iyyar fidda gwani yayin da Wike ke da iko kai tsaye a kan yawancin jam'iyyar. Koyaya, yayin da firamare ke gabatowa, gwagwarmaya kan hanyar firamare da salon jagorancin Wike ya fara bayyanawa daga rahotanni wanda ya kai ga babban zanga-zanga a sakatariyar Rivers PDP a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mai goyon bayan zanga-zangar kuma abokin hamayyar Wike, memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] yana neman gwamna har sai Wike ya zargi Dagogo da tallafawa 'yan fashi don kai hari kan sakatariyar jam'iyyar a ranar 27 ga Afrilu kuma ya umarci' yan sanda su kama shi ranar da ta gabata kafin binciken gwamna na PDP.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagogo, wanda ya riga ya sayi kuma ya gabatar da fom don yin takara a zaben fidda gwani, ya yi ƙoƙari ya halarci aikin tantance jam'iyya a ranar 28 ga Afrilu amma 'yan sanda suka tsare shi kuma suka tsare shi a kurkuku har abada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mataimakan Dagogo tare da kungiyoyin farar hula sun yi tir da kama shi a matsayin manufa ta siyasa kuma sun yi kira ga a saki Dagogo amma PDP kawai ta hana shi daga zaben fidda gwani saboda 'rashin halarta a tantancewa.'   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released|access-date=3 May 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSERAP2022&quot;&gt;SERAP [@SERAPNigeria] (30 April 2022). [https://x.com/SERAPNigeria/status/1520428431246307338 &quot;Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released&quot;] ([[Tweet (social media)|Tweet]])&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;3 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt; &amp;#x2013; via [[Twitter]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=May 2022 |title=16 Governorship Aspirants Scale PDP Screening In Rivers |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/16-governorship-aspirants-scale-pdp-screening-in-rivers/ |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Adamawa State gubernatorial election|People's Democratic Party|paragraphs=1|hat=no}}In the days directly before the primary, reports emerged that Wike had settled on [[Siminalayi Fubara]]—the immediate past Accountant General of Rivers State—as his preferred candidate despite the [[Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta EFCC|Economic and Financial Crimes Commission]] declaring Fubara wanted for fraud on 24 May.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the primary date, the candidates contested an indirect primary that ended with Fubara's nomination after results showed him winning over 81% of the delegates' votes; several other candidates did not attend the event.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his acceptance speech, Fubara vowed to continue the work of the Wike administration. After the primary, it was noted that Fubara's riverine origin and [[Mutanen Ijaw|Ijaw ethnicity]] were a move in favor of a power shift after Wike's governorship.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt; However, Fubara still faced opposition from the EFCC as agents attempted to arrest him on 8 June and were stopped by Fubara's armed thugs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite his status as a fugitive, Fubara commenced his campaign and selected [[Ngozi Odu]]—a former commissioner from [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]]—as his running mate later in June.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 June 2022 |title=NGOZI ODU IS RIVERS PDP DEPUTY GOVERNORSHIP CANDIDATE |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622095319/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* [[Siminalayi Fubara]]: tsohon Babban Mai ba da lissafi na jihar&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=13 April 2022 |title=Wike's aides resign, 13 aspirants jostle for PDP ticket |url=https://punchng.com/wikes-aides-resign-13-aspirants-jostle-for-pdp-ticket/ |access-date=14 April 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt; Matashi mai gudu - Ngozi Odu: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi[4]
** Mataki mai gudu - [[Ngozi Odu]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi a firamare ====

* David Briggs: tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;
* Abieatedoghu Bob-Abbey Hart: 2015 PDP shugaban kasa dan takara &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Tammy Danagogo: Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2019-2022) kuma tsohon Ministan Wasanni (2014-2015) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Dax George-Kelly: tsohon mai ba da shawara ga Gwamna Wike&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tele Ikuru]]: tsohon [[Mataimakin gwamnan Jihar Rivers|Mataimakin Gwamna]] (2007; 2007-2015), tsohon Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane (2004-2006), tsohon Kwamishina na Aikin Gona da Albarkatun Halitta (1999-2003), kuma dan uwan tsohon Shugaban PDP na kasa Uche Secondus &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot; /&gt;
* [[Boma Iyaye]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Wasanni (2008-2009; 2009-2011; 2015-2022) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Ogu-Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Isaac Kamalu: tsohon Kwamishinan Kudi (2019-2022), tsohon Kwamishina na Kasafin Kudi da Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki (2015-2019), kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dattijai na Eleme (2007-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Lee Maeba]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2003-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odiegwu |first=Mike |title=Cracks as Rivers PDP mulls consensus governorship candidate |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/cracks-as-rivers-pdp-mulls-consensus-governorship-candidate/ |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Olaka Nwogu]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2015-2016), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na [[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]] / Oyigbo / Tai (1999-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Eleme &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Felix A. Obuah]]: tsohon Shugaban PDP na Jihar Rivers&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Austin Opara]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Port Harcourt II (1999-2007) kuma tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Wakili &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[George Thompson Sekibo]]: Sanata na Rivers East (2007-2017; 2019-yanzu) da kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Okrika / Ogu / Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Precious Sekibo: tsohon Ministan Sufuri (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Morgan Tom-West  &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== An hana shi ta kwamitin tantancewa ====

* [[Farah Dagogo]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Degema / Bonny (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Degema (wanda aka hana shi saboda rashin halarta a gwajin gwaji) &lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;

==== Ya ƙi ====

* [[Dum Dekor|Dunamene Dekor]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Khana / Gokana (2019-yanzu), tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka, kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar na Khana II &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;
* Kenneth Kobani: tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2015-2019) kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Masana'antu, Ciniki da Zuba Jari &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;
* [[Barry Mpigi]]: Sanata na Rivers Kudu maso Gabas (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Eleme / Oyigbo / Tai (2011-2019) &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=PDP primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Siminalayi Fubara]]}}|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=721|percentage=81.01%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Isaac Kamalu]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=86|percentage=9.66%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dax George-Kelly|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=37|percentage=4.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tammy Danagogo]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=36|percentage=4.04%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=David Briggs|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Morgan Tom-West]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Felix A. Obuah]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=2|percentage=0.22%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Other candidates|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=0|percentage=0.00%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

=== Ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ===
 

== Yaƙin neman zaɓe ==
Nan da nan bayan zaben fidda gwani, masu sharhi sun rarraba zaben a matsayin gwagwarmaya tsakanin gwamnan mai barin gado [[Ezenwo Wike|Ezenwo Nyesom Wike]] (PDP) da tsohon gwamnan [[Rotimi Amaechi]] (APC) duk da kasancewa zaben gwamnan Jihar Rivers na farko tun 2003 wanda babu Wike ko Amaechi 'yan takara.{{Efn|Although Amaechi's name was not on the ballot in the [[2007 Rivers State gubernatorial election|2007 election]], he successfully sued to be a legitimate candidate.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fubara da Cole suna da alaƙa sosai da Wike da Amaechi, bi da bi, wanda ya haifar da lakabin babban zaben a matsayin ci gaba da gwagwarmayar iko tsakanin su biyu. Koyaya, fitowar [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] - tsohon sanata wanda ya shafe shekaru yana jayayya da Amaechi kan kula da APC na jihar - yayin da dan takarar SDP ya kara da rashin tabbas ga zaben. Abubuwa mafi mahimmanci sun haɗa da shari'ar cin hanci da rashawa ta Fubara da kuma rikici na Wike da PDP na kasa game da sakamakon zaben fidda gwani na shugaban kasa, wanda ya rasa a watan Mayu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci a watan Oktoba 2022 wanda ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; An kwatanta hukuncin da sauri da irin wannan hukuncin da ya hana Rivers APC shiga gasar a shekarar 2019; &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; jam'iyyar ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin kuma ta yi alkawarin yin takara a zaben.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan da ya biyo baya, a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, an saki zaben farko na jama'a - wanda NIO Polls ya gudanar kuma Gidauniyar Anap ta ba da izini - don tseren tare da nuna filin da aka raba sosai wanda Fubara ya jagoranci yayin da Cole (wanda aka haɗa duk da hukuncin kotu) da Abe suka biyo baya a karo na biyu da na uku, bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayin da zaben ya kusa, an sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba ta hanyar Kotun daukaka kara a watan Janairun 2023. A watan da ya biyo baya, kungiyar Rivers State Governorship Debate Group ta gudanar da muhawara a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu; Abe, Cole, da kuma dan takarar LP Beatrice Itubo sun halarci yayin da Fubara da dan takarar Accord Dumo Lulu-Briggs ba su nan.&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 February 2023 |title=2023 polls: Rivers PDP guber candidate, Sim Fubara shuns debate |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/20/2023-polls-rivers-pdp-guber-candidate-sim-fubara-shuns-debate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya a watan Fabrairu, mayar da hankali ga zaben shugaban kasa da ke gabatowa a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu. A cikin zaben, Jihar Rivers ta zabi [[Bola Tinubu]] (APC) a cikin gardama; sakamakon da aka ayyana ya nuna Tinubu ya lashe jihar da kashi 44.2% na kuri'un don kayar da Peter Obi (LP) da kashi 33.4% da [[Atiku Abubakar]] (PDP) da kashi 16.9%. Zaben, wanda ya cika da rashin daidaito da zarge-zargen zamba, ya haifar da sabuntawa ga tseren gwamna yayin da rahotanni na tsangwama na zaben da Wike ya jagoranta don goyon bayan Tinubu ya haifar da damuwa game da irin wannan kokarin ga Fubara. Masu sharhi sun lura da yiwuwar rashin jin daɗi na masu jefa kuri'a saboda ma'anar cewa ainihin kuri'un ba su da tasiri ga sakamakon da aka sanar saboda rahotanni masu yawa daga Fabrairu tare da tsoron tashin hankali da aka yi niyya a sansanonin adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran abubuwan da masana suka yi la'akari da su sun haɗa da yanayin siyasa mai rikitarwa, tsattsauran ra'ayi game da wadanda ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba, da ci gaba da kai hare-hare kan masu adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tattaunawar zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|+Muhawara game da zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na 2023
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Masu shirya taron
! colspan=&quot;7&quot; |&lt;{{Font color|black|#FF9090|&amp;nbsp;A&amp;nbsp;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Accord (Nijeriya)|A]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Nigeria Labour Party|LP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |Sauran jam'iyyun
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Accord (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Labour Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Others}};&quot; |
|-
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |4 ga Fabrairu
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |[[Rivers State Governorship Debate Group|Kungiyar Tattaunawar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers]]
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Lulu-Briggs}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Tonye Cole|Cole]]}}}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Beatrice Itubo|Itubo]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|[[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Magnus Abe|Abe]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#A2B2C2;&quot; |'''NI'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Multiple}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;/&gt;
|}

=== Zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:14px;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Kungiyar zabe / abokin ciniki
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar Aikin Gida&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Samfurin samfur&lt;br /&gt;
![[Fayil:Tonye_Cole.jpg|80x80px]]
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''PDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''SDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ba a yanke shawara ba
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Babu wani amsa / Babu wani amsa/An ƙi
|-
!Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Magnus Ngei Abe|Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/pdps-siminalayi-fubara-has-a-narrow-lead-in-a-severely-fragmented-race NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Oktoba 2022
|500
|14%
|11%
|6%
|12%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 4%; [[Tekena Iyagba]] (BP): 3%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Other candidates: 3%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''37%'''
|20%{{Efn|Refused: 18%; None: 2%}}
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/rivers-pdps-siminalayi-fubara-maintains-lead-but-sdps-magnus-abe-has-momentum NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Fabrairu 2023
|N/A
|10%
|20%
|11%
|11%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 6%; [[Dawari George]] (AA): 2%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Victor Tamie Fingesi: 1%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''23%'''
|25%{{Efn|Refused: 24%; None: 1%}}
|-
|}

== Tsinkaya ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!Tushen
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tsinkaya
!Ya zuwa yanzu
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Nowrap|[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]{{efn|AfricaElects projections predict the likelihood of a candidate winning a state by categorizing a state as &quot;Safe&quot; for exceedingly likely, &quot;Likely&quot; for somewhat likely, and &quot;Lean&quot; for least likely. If no clear determination could be made, states are categorized as &quot;tossups&quot;.}}}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Africa Elects ratings&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Elimian |first=Adrian |title=Nigerian Gubernatorial Elections: State Ratings |url=https://africaelects.com/2023/03/18/nigerian-gubernatorial-elections-state-ratings/ |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00c00e&quot; |Wataƙila Fubara
|17 Maris 2023
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |Ya isa ya isa ya zama {{Nowrap|[[SBM Intelligence]]{{efn|EiE-SBM projections predict which candidates will win states.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;EiE-SBM March projections&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=The EiE-SBM 2023 Election forecast: Diminished interest in state elections will make for poor outcomes |url=https://www.sbmintel.com/2023/03/the-eie-sbm-2023-election-forecast-diminished-interest-in-state-elections-will-make-for-poor-outcomes/ |website=SBM Intelligence |date=2 March 2023 |access-date=16 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#009404&quot; |Fubara
|2 ga Maris 2023
|-
|}

== Halin da ake yi ==

=== Lokaci na zaɓe ===
{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|Electoral timetable|hat=no}}

== Babban Zabe ==

=== Sakamakon ===
{{Election box begin no change|title=2023 Rivers State gubernatorial election}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dumo Lulu-Briggs|party=Accord (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dawari George]]|party=Action Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Victor Tamie Fingesi]]|party=Action Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Leesi Gabriel Gborogbosi|party=Action Peoples Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dada Joseph Ngechu Obele]]|party=African Action Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonte Ibraye]]|party=African Democratic Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Faye-Ofori Churchill]]|party=Allied Peoples Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonye Cole]]|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=95,274|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Ugochukwu Prince Beke]]|party=All Progressives Grand Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tekena Iyagba]]|party=Boot Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Beatrice Itubo]]|party=Labour Party (Nigeria)|votes=22,224|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Sam Agwor]]|party=New Nigeria Peoples Party|votes=335|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Jackrich Sobomabo]]|party=National Rescue Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Siminalayi Fubara]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=302,614|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Magnus Abe]]|party=Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Danagogo Wenike-Briggs]]|party=Young Progressives Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Leyii Kwanee]]|party=Zenith Labour Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

==== Ta hanyar gundumar sanata ====
Sakamakon zaben ta gundumar sanata.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gundumar Sanata
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gundumar Sanatan Rivers ta Gabas|Gundumar Sanata ta Gabas ta Rivers]]{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]], [[Etche]], [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]], [[Obio-Akpor]], [[Ogu–Bolo]], [[Okrika]], [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]], and [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Kogin Kudu maso Gabas na Gundumar Sanata{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]], [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]], [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]], [[Opobo–Nkoro]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Sanata ta Yammacin Kogin{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]], [[Ahoada East]], [[Ahoada West]], [[Akuku-Toru]], [[Asari-Toru]], [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]], [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]], and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar mazabar tarayya ====
Sakamakon zaben ta mazabar tarayya.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mazabar Tarayya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Abua/Odua/Ahoada Gabashin Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]] and [[Ahoada East]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ahoada West/Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ahoada East]] and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Tarayyar Akuku Toru / Asari Toru{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Akuku-Toru]] and [[Asari-Toru]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Andoni/Opobo/Nkoro Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]] and [[Opobo–Nkoro]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Degema / Bonny Mazabar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]] and [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Eleme/Oyigbo/Tai Tarayyar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Yankin Etche/Omuma na Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Etche]] and [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ikwerre/Emohua Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]] and [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Khana/Gokana Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]] and [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Obio/Akpor Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government area of [[Obio-Akpor]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Okrika/Ogu/Bolo Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ogu–Bolo]] and [[Okrika]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Port Harcourt I Majalisa ta Tarayya da Port Harcoort II Majalisa na Tarayya{{Efn|Together comprising the local government area of [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}{{Efn|These two constituencies are within a single LGA. As this table does not differentiate between intra-LGA results, these figures are for the entire LGA which is the same as the data for both constituencies.}}&lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar karamar hukuma ====
Sakamakon zaben ta karamar hukuma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |LGA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kashi na masu halarta
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Abua–Odual|Abua-Odual]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,738
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,763
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |463
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |712
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,676
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Gabas|Ahoada Gabas]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,650
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,408
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,077
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |903
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,038
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Yamma|Ahoada Yamma]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,883
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,425
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,063
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |775
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,146
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Akuku-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,724
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,273
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |222
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |931
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |11,150
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Andoni]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,149
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,319
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1185
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |618
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Asari-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,209
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |12,663
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |179
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |18,322
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Bonny (Rivers)|Bonny]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,285
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,032
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |559
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,571
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,447
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Degema]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,437
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |579
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,006
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,129
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,414
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |920
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,247
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Emohua
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,916
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,600
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |805
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,270
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Etche|Ƙarƙashin]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,043
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,586
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,283
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |26,320
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gokana]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,455
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,840
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |755
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ikwerre]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,716
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Khana]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Obio-Akpor|Rashin amincewa da Akpor]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,056
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,083
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni|Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,729
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,450
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,391
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |7,103
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Okrika|Yankin]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,342
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Omuma]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,760
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Oyigbo]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Port Harcourt (ƙaramar hukuma)|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Harcourt]]
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |26,892
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Tai]]
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== Dubi kuma ==

* Zaben Najeriya na 2023
* [[Zaben gwamnonin Najeriya 2023|Zaben gwamna na Najeriya na 2023]]

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{2023 Nigeria elections}}{{Elections in Rivers State}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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An gudanar da Zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na shekarar 2023, a ranar 18 ga watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2023, don zabar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers, tare da Zaɓen Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers da sauran zabukan gwamna ashirin da bakwai da zaɓen duk sauran gidajen majalisa na jihar.[1][2] Za a gudanar da zaben - wanda aka jinkirta daga ranar 11 ga watan Maris - makonni uku bayan Zaben shugaban kasa da zaben Majalisar Dokoki.[3] Gwamnan PDP mai ci Ezenwo Nyesom Wike yana da iyakacin wa'adi, kuma ba zai iya neman sake zaben zuwa wa'adi na uku ba.

An shirya zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyya tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 9 ga Yunin shekarar 2022 tare da Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party da ta zabi tsohon mai ba da lissafi na jihar [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a ranar 25 ga Mayu yayin da All Progressives Congress ta zabi dan kasuwa Tonye Cole a ranar 26 ga Mayu.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ibunge |first=Blessing |title=Rivers Accountant General, Fubara, Wins PDP Governorship Primary |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/05/26/rivers-accountant-general-fubara-wins-pdp-governorship-primary/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[ThisDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 May 2022 |title=Tonye Cole wins Rivers APC governorship ticket |url=https://gazettengr.com/tonye-cole-wins-rivers-apc-governorship-ticket/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]] |publisher=[[News Agency of Nigeria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, hukuncin Babban Kotun Tarayya ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC amma Kotun daukaka kara ta soke hukuncin a watan Janairun 2023 .&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sanusi |first=Abiodun |last2=Naku |first2=Dennis |date=25 October 2022 |title=JUST IN: Court nullifies APC primaries in Rivers |url=https://punchng.com/just-in-court-nullifies-apc-primaries-in-rivers/ |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=20 January 2023 |title=Court nullifies suit against Rivers APC gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/court-nullifies-suit-against-rivers-apc-gov-candidate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan an kammala tattarawa a ranar da ta biyo bayan zaben, INEC ta ayyana Fubara a matsayin mai nasara. A cikin sakamakon hukuma, Fubara ya lashe kusan ƙuri'u 303,000 (~ 63% na kuri'un) don kayar da Cole da kusan kuri'un 95,000 (20% na kuri'u), Abe da kusan kuriʼu 47,000 (~ 10% na kuri'a), da Itubo da kusan ƙuri&quot; 22,000 (5% na kuri'an). Sakamakon nan da nan ne 'yan wasan da suka zo na biyu suka ki amincewa da shi saboda rahotanni da yawa game da rashin daidaito da tashin hankali.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cole rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okwa |first=Reuben |date=21 March 2023 |title=Tonye Cole, Others Reject Rivers Gov Election Result, Demand Cancellation |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/03/21/tonye-cole-others-reject-rivers-governorship-election-result-demand-cancellation/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Channels TV]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Abe rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=8 April 2023 |title=Rivers guber: We'll challenge election results, SDP's Abe insists |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/rivers-guber-well-challenge-election-results-sdps-abe-insists/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Itubo rejects results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chukwu |first=Ignatius |date=19 March 2023 |title=Labour Party rejects outcome of Saturday elections in Rivers |url=https://businessday.ng/nigeriadecidesliveupdates/article/labour-party-rejects-outcome-of-saturday-elections-in-rivers/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shari'ar kalubalen shari'a da ta biyo baya ta kai [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]], wacce ta tabbatar da zaben Fubara a cikin hukunce-hukuncen da aka yanke a watan Janairun 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;Supreme Court upholds Fubara victory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=UPDATED: Supreme Court affirms Rivers governor, Fubara's election |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/661993-updated-supreme-court-affirms-rivers-governor-fubaras-election.html |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin zaɓe ==
Ana kuma zaɓar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zaɓe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu, tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u, da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

== Tarihi ==
Jihar Rivers jihar ce mai yawan jama'a, jiha daban-daban a Kudu tare da manyan man fetur da gas na halitta tare da cibiyoyin masana'antu. Duk da yawan kuɗaɗen shigar da man fetur, jihar tana da manyan batutuwa da yawa tare da ƴan fashi da' yan bindigar man fetur ba bisa ka'ida ba a yankunan kogi yayin da yankunan birane ke da yawan jama'a da gurɓataccen muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A siyasance, zaɓen shekara ta 2019 ya kasance ci gaba da ikon PDP na jihar yayin da rashin iyawar APC na jihar don gudanar da zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da rashin cancanta ta kotun. Dan takarar shugaban kasa na PDP [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya lashe jihar da kashi 50% kuma jam'iyyar [[Zaben Majalisar Dattijai na Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|ya sami dukkan kujerun majalisar dattijai guda uku]] yayin da ta mamaye [[Zaben Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya na 2019 a Jihar Rivers|Zaben Majalisar Wakilai]]. A matakin jiha, PDP ta kuma [[2019 Rivers State House of Assembly election|riƙewa]] mafi rinjaye a Majalisar Dokoki kuma Wike ta lashe [[Zaben gwamna na Jihar Legas na 2019|Zaben gwamna]] da yawa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin wa'adin Wike, manufofin wa'adinsa na biyu sune ababen more rayuwa, horo na kasafin kuɗi, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da hadin kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dangane da aikinsa, an yaba wa Wike don ci gaban ababen more rayuwa, inganta kiwon lafiya, saka hannun jari a wasanni, da turawa kan bunker mai ba bisa ka'ida ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, an soki gwamnatinsa saboda jinkirin watanni na kafa majalisa, sanarwar da ya yi na Rivers a matsayin &quot;jiha ta Kirista&quot; da kuma mummunar martani ga rushewar masallaci, kashe biliyoyin naira don siyan motocin alatu ga ƴan majalisa da alƙalai, ƙoƙarin hana zanga-zangar ba bisa ka'ida ba a lokacin tsawo na zanga-zambe na SARS na 2020, da ya ga damuwa da fara rikice-rikice-rikici na jama'a tare da wasu jami'an da aka zaba, biyan albashi da fansho ba bisa ka-zangar gwamnati ba, da rashin girmamawa    masu mulki na gargajiya   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kevin-Alerechi |first=Elfredah |date=14 October 2020 |title=Rivers residents groan as Wike spends N3.4 billion on luxury cars for judges, politicians |url=https://gazettengr.com/rivers-residents-groan-as-wike-spends-n3-4-billion-on-luxury-cars-for-judges-politicians/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 October 2020 |title=Nigerians React As Gov Wike Bans #EndSARS Protest In Rivers |url=https://www.theheritagetimes.com/nigerians-react-as-gov-wike-bans-endsars-protest-in-rivers/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=The Heritage Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 March 2022 |title=Ranking Nigerian Governors Feb/March 2022: APC Govs' dirty fight, Sanwo-Olu's BRT snag, Wike's uncouthness, Umahi's meltdown |url=https://www.ripplesnigeria.com/ranking-nigerian-governors-feb-march-2022-apc-govs-dirty-fight-sanwo-olus-brt-snag-wikes-uncouthness-umahis-meltdown/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Ripples Nigeria]] |quote=Though we acknowledge Wike's reported passion for his party and other issues, we, however, frown at his constant ranting and hurling of insults, and issuing of threats against his opponents— in their ever-increasing number and classification. We believe Governor Wike will do well for himself in taking one or two lessons in diplomacy, civility in public communication and the gentlemanly requirement for public office holders.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Opara |first=George |date=21 May 2022 |title=2023: Wike pushes for presidency amidst opposition from home turf |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/05/21/2023-wike-pushes-for-presidency-amidst-opposition-from-home-turf/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyebade |first=Wole |date=12 February 2020 |title=Wike's disrespect for ancient stool and the victims |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/wikes-disrespect-for-ancient-stool-and-the-victims/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wike kuma ya zo da wuta saboda yunkurin mulkin mallaka don murkushe 'yan adawa ta hanyar hana zanga-zangar sau da yawa kuma mafi mahimmanci, lokacin da aka kama abokin hamayyarsa a cikin jam'iyya kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] kuma aka ɗaure shi makonni don hana shi yin takarar gwamna.&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police arrest federal lawmaker on Wike's order |url=https://punchng.com/police-arrest-federal-lawmaker-on-wikes-order/ |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 April 2022 |title=Police execute Wike's order, arrest PDP governorship aspirant |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627165453/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/526661-police-execute-wikes-order-arrest-pdp-governorship-aspirant.html?tztc=1 |archive-date=27 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani mahimmin tushen jayayya shine yadda yake kula da kisan gillar Oy[[Inyamurai|Ibo]] a watan Nuwamban shekarar 2020, lokacin da ma'aikatan [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojoji]] suka kai hari kan samari na Igbo a [[Oyigbo]] bayan da IPOB ta kashe sojoji biyar; Wike akai-akai ya musanta duk wani laifi na Sojoji kuma ya tabbatar da mamayar soja na mako-mako na yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Taiwo-Hassan |date=23 November 2020 |title=investigation: Inside the horrific bloodshed and massive extrajudicial killings in Nigeria's Oyigbo community |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/427469-investigation-inside-the-horrific-bloodshed-and-massive-extrajudicial-killings-in-nigerias-oyigbo-community.html |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Princewill |first=Nimi |last2=Kevin-Alerechi |first2=Elfredah |date=2 November 2020 |title=Oyigbo Killings: Nigerian soldiers on reprisal attacks against IPOB elements: Wike |url=https://gazettengr.com/oyigbo-killings-nigerian-soldiers-on-reprisal-attacks-against-ipob-elements-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Peoples Gazette]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zaben fidda gwani ==
Za a gudanar da zaɓen fidda gwani, tare da duk wani kalubale da zai iya samu ga sakamakon fidda gwamna, tsakanin 4 ga Afrilu da 3 ga Yunin shekarar 2022 to amma an tsawaita lokacin zuwa 9 ga Yuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;New Dates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jimoh |first=Abbas |date=26 February 2022 |title=INEC Sets New Dates For 2023 General Elections |url=https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=[[Daily Trust]] |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725032251/https://dailytrust.com/just-in-inec-sets-new-dates-for-2023-general-elections |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugabannin kabilun kamar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] sun yi kira ga jam'iyyun da su zabi wanda ba Ikwerre ba kamar yadda Ikwerres suka rike gwamna tun 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, duk da samar da kashi mai yawa na yawan mutanen Rivers, babu wani Ogoni da ya taɓa rike gwamna ko mataimakin gwamna, wanda ya haifar da kira don tsarawa na jam'iyyun ga gundumar Sanata ta Kudu maso Gabas ta Ogoni. Wadannan kira, tare da wasu da'awar cewa gwamnan ya kamata ya kuma juya tsakanin yankunan tsaunuka da yankunan kogi, sun haifar da matsin lamba ga jam'iyyun don zaɓar wani daga yankunan kudancin ko kuma musamman, yankunan Ogoni-mafi yawan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga 'yan takara daga sauran gundumomi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Godwin |first=Ann |date=31 May 2021 |title=Search for Wike's successor roils Rivers as Ogoni eyes 2023 |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/search-for-wikes-successor-roils-rivers-as-ogoni-eyes-2023/ |access-date=2 August 2021 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta tsara gabatarwa, duka APC da PDP sun zabi 'yan siyasa daga yankunan kogi.

=== Dukkanin Majalisa Masu Ci gaba ===
Rikici mai tsawo tsakanin tsohon gwamnan da Ministan Sufuri na tarayya [[Rotimi Amaechi]] da tsohon Sanata [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] wanda ya haifar da rashin cancanta na Rivers APC a cikin 2019 ya ci gaba da gaba da zaben fidda gwani yayin da ƙungiyoyinsu suka gudanar da majalisa daban-daban kuma suka zabi shugabanci daban-daban a cikin 2021; shugabancin APC na kasa daga baya ya yarda da sakamakon majalisa da Amaechi ke tallafawa a matsayin halatta. A matsayin fadada rikicin jam'iyya, akwai rikice-rikice a cikin Rivers APC game da yiwuwar zoning zaɓen gwamna yayin da Amaechi ke goyon bayan zoning zuwa Kudu maso Gabas yayin da Abe ya yi yaƙi da yanke shawara ta zoning.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Renew Battle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odufowokan |first='Dare |title=Rivers 2023: Amaechi, Abe renew battle for soul of APC |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/rivers-2023-amaechi-abe-renew-battle-for-soul-of-apc/ |access-date=25 November 2021 |website=The Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, ya bayyana a fili cewa ba a warware rikicin jam'iyyar ba yayin da Amaechi da abokansa suka hadu don zabar &quot;dan takarar jam'iyya,&quot; suna sulhunta da Tonye Cole wanda zai kasance dan takarar APC a shekarar 2019 idan ba a dakatar da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake wasu masu neman shiga sun amince da shirin kuma sun fice, Abe da abokan hulɗarsa sun bayyana a fili cewa ba su amince da Cole a matsayin zaɓin jam'iyyar ba tare da wani dan siyasa mai haɗin kai na Abe yana ba'a da Cole a matsayinsa na &quot;abokin kasuwanci na&quot; Amaechi .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, akwai zanga-zangar wasu a cikin jam'iyyar da suka yi tir da tsarin da ba a sani ba da kuma zaɓin Cole saboda bai taɓa rike mukamin da aka zaba ba kuma ana zaton ba shi da tsarin siyasa a jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rashin amincewa, jam'iyyar ta tabbatar da Cole a matsayin zabin yarjejeniya; kodayake sanarwar manema labarai ta lura cewa tunda taron ba tsari ne na jam'iyya ba, Cole ba shi ne wanda aka zaba a hukumance ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, goyon bayan jam'iyyar Cole bai warware gardamar ba yayin da wasu 'yan takara suka yi tambaya game da zaɓin da tsarinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|All Progressives Congress|paragraphs=2|hat=no}}A cikin kwanaki kafin zaben fidda gwani, rikicin jam'iyyar ya kara zurfi yayin da sansanin Abe ya ki amincewa da majalisa na wakilai na wucin gadi kuma ya yi zanga-zanga a sakatariyar jam'iyyar ta jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar farko, Abe ya kauracewa kuma ya ki amincewa da ayyukan fidda gwani kafin a gudanar da zaben fidda gwini kai tsaye kuma ya haifar da Cole ya fito a matsayin dan takarar APC bayan sakamakon ya nuna Cole ya lashe sama da kashi 77% na kuri'un wakilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin jawabinsa na karɓa, Cole ya gode wa wakilai da Amaechi kafin ya nemi Abe da sauransu su haɗa kai da jam'iyyar.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt; Zai tafi kan zaɓaɓɓen tsohon MHA Innocent Barikor - ɗan kabilar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] daga [[Gokana]] - a matsayin abokin aikinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 June 2022 |title=2023: Rivers APC Picks Barikor As Running Mate to Cole |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628065309/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/28/2023-rivers-apc-picks-barikor-as-running-mate-to-cole/ |archive-date=28 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da rokon hadin kai, Abe da wasu tsoffin 'yan takarar firamare biyu sun bar jam'iyyar a watan Yuli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abe zai ci gaba da samun zaben gwamna na SDP.&lt;ref name=&quot;SDP primary&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=30 July 2022 |title=Magnus Abe emerges Rivers SDP gov candidate |url=https://punchng.com/breaking-magnus-abe-emerges-rivers-sdp-gov-candidate/ |access-date=3 August 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, karar da aka shigar daga wakilan da ke goyon bayan Abe waɗanda suka yi zargin cewa an hana su ikon yin zabe a zaben fidda gwani ya haifar da soke zaben fidda gashin gashin gashi na APC ta Babban Kotun Tarayya a ranar 25 ga Oktoba. &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; Rivers APC ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin, tana mai cewa kotun ba ta da iko a kan batun jam'iyya na ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; Kotun daukaka kara ta goyi bayan APC a watan Janairun 2023, ta sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary reinstated&quot;/&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* Tonye Cole: ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan tsohon jakadan [[Patrick Dele-Cole]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nwisi |first=Rosemary |date=11 April 2022 |title=Dakuku, Cole, Princewill, George, six others join Rivers APC gov race |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/dakuku-cole-princewill-george-six-others-join-rivers-apc-gov-race/ |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abokin aiki - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;[3]
** Abokin gudu - Innocent Barikor: tsohon memba na Majalisar Gokana &lt;ref name=&quot;APC running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi ====

* [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]: member of the [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|NNPC]] Board (2020–present) and former senator for Rivers South East (2011–2015; 2016–2019) (defected after the primary to successfully run in the SDP gubernatorial primary)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot;/&gt;
* [[Sokonte Davies]]: former [[Hukumar Tashar Jirgin ruwa ta Nijeriya|Nigerian Ports Authority]] official&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]: former [[Asari-Toru]] Local Government Chairman&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Ibinabo Michael West: former Commissioner for Transportation&lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Bernard Mikko]]: former [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|House of Representatives]] member for Khana/Gokana (1999–2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== Ya janye ====

* [[Biokpomabo Awara]]: 2019 AAC mai gabatarwa gwamna &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot;/&gt;
* [[Francis Ada Ebenezer]]: mai lissafi da mai wa'azi &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dawari George]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Akuku Toru / Asari Toru kuma tsohon Kwamishinan Makamashi da albarkatun kasa (ya sauya sheka bayan zaben fidda gwani don samun nasarar gudanarwa a zaben fidda gashin gwani na AA) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Dakuku Peterside]]: tsohon Darakta Janar na [[Hukumar Kula da Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya|Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Tsaro ta Najeriya]] (2016-2020), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Andoni-[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]] (2011-2015), wanda aka zaba a matsayin gwamna na APC na 2015, tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka (2007-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Opobo-Nkuro (2002-2003) &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tonye Princewill]]: 2015 LP gwamna noman, 2007 AC gwamna nomin, kuma ɗan tsohon Amanyanabo na Kalabari Kingdom Theophilus J.T. Princewill (ya fice bayan firamare) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Mina Tende]]: tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar [[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]] &lt;ref name=&quot;10 APC candidates&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=APC primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Tonye Cole]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=986|percentage=77.58%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ojukaye Flag-Amachree]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=190|percentage=14.95%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Sokonte Davies]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=49|percentage=3.86%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Ibinabo Michael West]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=43|percentage=3.38%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Bernard Mikko]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=2|percentage=0.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Magnus Abe]]}}|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=1|percentage=0.08%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}Ba kamar jam'iyyar APC ta jihar ba, Rivers PDP ba ta fuskanci rikice-rikicen cikin gida kai tsaye a gaban jam'iyyar fidda gwani yayin da Wike ke da iko kai tsaye a kan yawancin jam'iyyar. Koyaya, yayin da firamare ke gabatowa, gwagwarmaya kan hanyar firamare da salon jagorancin Wike ya fara bayyanawa daga rahotanni wanda ya kai ga babban zanga-zanga a sakatariyar Rivers PDP a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mai goyon bayan zanga-zangar kuma abokin hamayyar Wike, memba na Majalisar Wakilai [[Farah Dagogo]] yana neman gwamna har sai Wike ya zargi Dagogo da tallafawa 'yan fashi don kai hari kan sakatariyar jam'iyyar a ranar 27 ga Afrilu kuma ya umarci' yan sanda su kama shi ranar da ta gabata kafin binciken gwamna na PDP.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagogo, wanda ya riga ya sayi kuma ya gabatar da fom don yin takara a zaben fidda gwani, ya yi ƙoƙari ya halarci aikin tantance jam'iyya a ranar 28 ga Afrilu amma 'yan sanda suka tsare shi kuma suka tsare shi a kurkuku har abada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mataimakan Dagogo tare da kungiyoyin farar hula sun yi tir da kama shi a matsayin manufa ta siyasa kuma sun yi kira ga a saki Dagogo amma PDP kawai ta hana shi daga zaben fidda gwani saboda 'rashin halarta a tantancewa.'   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igonikon |first=Karina |date=2 February 2022 |title=Soot in Port Harcourt: Wetin don hapun afta Rivers state Governor Nyesom Wike declare war against kpo fire operators? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60083814 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SERAP condemnation&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=SERAPNigeria|title=Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released|access-date=3 May 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSERAP2022&quot;&gt;SERAP [@SERAPNigeria] (30 April 2022). [https://x.com/SERAPNigeria/status/1520428431246307338 &quot;Breaking: We condemn the arbitrary arrest of Mr Farah Dagogo reportedly on the orders of Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike, for exercising his rights. Mr Dagogo must be immediately and unconditionally released. We'll hold Mr Wike to account if Dagogo is not immediately released&quot;] ([[Tweet (social media)|Tweet]])&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;3 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt; &amp;#x2013; via [[Twitter]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okonkwo |first=Amaechi |date=May 2022 |title=16 Governorship Aspirants Scale PDP Screening In Rivers |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/16-governorship-aspirants-scale-pdp-screening-in-rivers/ |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Excerpt|2023 Adamawa State gubernatorial election|People's Democratic Party|paragraphs=1|hat=no}}In the days directly before the primary, reports emerged that Wike had settled on [[Siminalayi Fubara]]—the immediate past Accountant General of Rivers State—as his preferred candidate despite the [[Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta EFCC|Economic and Financial Crimes Commission]] declaring Fubara wanted for fraud on 24 May.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the primary date, the candidates contested an indirect primary that ended with Fubara's nomination after results showed him winning over 81% of the delegates' votes; several other candidates did not attend the event.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his acceptance speech, Fubara vowed to continue the work of the Wike administration. After the primary, it was noted that Fubara's riverine origin and [[Mutanen Ijaw|Ijaw ethnicity]] were a move in favor of a power shift after Wike's governorship.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt; However, Fubara still faced opposition from the EFCC as agents attempted to arrest him on 8 June and were stopped by Fubara's armed thugs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite his status as a fugitive, Fubara commenced his campaign and selected [[Ngozi Odu]]—a former commissioner from [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]]—as his running mate later in June.&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 June 2022 |title=NGOZI ODU IS RIVERS PDP DEPUTY GOVERNORSHIP CANDIDATE |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622095319/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=FlashPoint Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== An zabi shi ====

* [[Siminalayi Fubara]]: tsohon Babban Mai ba da lissafi na jihar&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=13 April 2022 |title=Wike's aides resign, 13 aspirants jostle for PDP ticket |url=https://punchng.com/wikes-aides-resign-13-aspirants-jostle-for-pdp-ticket/ |access-date=14 April 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt; Matashi mai gudu - Ngozi Odu: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi[4]
** Mataki mai gudu - [[Ngozi Odu]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP running mate&quot;/&gt;

==== An kawar da shi a firamare ====

* David Briggs: tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot;/&gt;
* Abieatedoghu Bob-Abbey Hart: 2015 PDP shugaban kasa dan takara &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Tammy Danagogo: Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2019-2022) kuma tsohon Ministan Wasanni (2014-2015) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Dax George-Kelly: tsohon mai ba da shawara ga Gwamna Wike&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tele Ikuru]]: tsohon [[Mataimakin gwamnan Jihar Rivers|Mataimakin Gwamna]] (2007; 2007-2015), tsohon Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane (2004-2006), tsohon Kwamishina na Aikin Gona da Albarkatun Halitta (1999-2003), kuma dan uwan tsohon Shugaban PDP na kasa Uche Secondus &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot; /&gt;
* [[Boma Iyaye]]: tsohon Kwamishinan Wasanni (2008-2009; 2009-2011; 2015-2022) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Ogu-Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Isaac Kamalu: tsohon Kwamishinan Kudi (2019-2022), tsohon Kwamishina na Kasafin Kudi da Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki (2015-2019), kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dattijai na Eleme (2007-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Lee Maeba]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2003-2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Odiegwu |first=Mike |title=Cracks as Rivers PDP mulls consensus governorship candidate |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/cracks-as-rivers-pdp-mulls-consensus-governorship-candidate/ |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Olaka Nwogu]]: tsohon sanata na Rivers South East (2015-2016), tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na [[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]] / Oyigbo / Tai (1999-2011), kuma tsohon Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Eleme &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Felix A. Obuah]]: tsohon Shugaban PDP na Jihar Rivers&lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[Austin Opara]]: tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Port Harcourt II (1999-2007) kuma tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Wakili &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* [[George Thompson Sekibo]]: Sanata na Rivers East (2007-2017; 2019-yanzu) da kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Okrika / Ogu / Bolo (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Precious Sekibo: tsohon Ministan Sufuri (2003-2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;
* Morgan Tom-West  &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;

==== An hana shi ta kwamitin tantancewa ====

* [[Farah Dagogo]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Degema / Bonny (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokoki na Degema (wanda aka hana shi saboda rashin halarta a gwajin gwaji) &lt;ref name=&quot;Cracks&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;13 PDP aspirants jostle&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PDP screening&quot;/&gt;

==== Ya ƙi ====

* [[Dum Dekor|Dunamene Dekor]]: memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Khana / Gokana (2019-yanzu), tsohon Kwamishinan Ayyuka, kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar na Khana II &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot;/&gt;
* Kenneth Kobani: tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (2015-2019) kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Masana'antu, Ciniki da Zuba Jari &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;
* [[Barry Mpigi]]: Sanata na Rivers Kudu maso Gabas (2019-yanzu) kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Eleme / Oyigbo / Tai (2011-2019) &lt;ref name=&quot;Ogoni eyes&quot; /&gt;

==== Sakamakon ====
 {{Election box begin no change|title=PDP primary results&lt;ref name=&quot;PDP primary results&quot; /&gt;}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate={{nowrap|[[Siminalayi Fubara]]}}|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=721|percentage=81.01%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Isaac Kamalu]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=86|percentage=9.66%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dax George-Kelly|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=37|percentage=4.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tammy Danagogo]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=36|percentage=4.04%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=David Briggs|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Morgan Tom-West]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=4|percentage=0.45%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Felix A. Obuah]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=2|percentage=0.22%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Other candidates|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=0|percentage=0.00%}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box invalid no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

=== Ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ===
 

== Yaƙin neman zaɓe ==
Nan da nan bayan zaben fidda gwani, masu sharhi sun rarraba zaben a matsayin gwagwarmaya tsakanin gwamnan mai barin gado [[Ezenwo Wike|Ezenwo Nyesom Wike]] (PDP) da tsohon gwamnan [[Rotimi Amaechi]] (APC) duk da kasancewa zaben gwamnan Jihar Rivers na farko tun 2003 wanda babu Wike ko Amaechi 'yan takara.{{Efn|Although Amaechi's name was not on the ballot in the [[2007 Rivers State gubernatorial election|2007 election]], he successfully sued to be a legitimate candidate.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fubara da Cole suna da alaƙa sosai da Wike da Amaechi, bi da bi, wanda ya haifar da lakabin babban zaben a matsayin ci gaba da gwagwarmayar iko tsakanin su biyu. Koyaya, fitowar [[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]] - tsohon sanata wanda ya shafe shekaru yana jayayya da Amaechi kan kula da APC na jihar - yayin da dan takarar SDP ya kara da rashin tabbas ga zaben. Abubuwa mafi mahimmanci sun haɗa da shari'ar cin hanci da rashawa ta Fubara da kuma rikici na Wike da PDP na kasa game da sakamakon zaben fidda gwani na shugaban kasa, wanda ya rasa a watan Mayu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci a watan Oktoba 2022 wanda ya soke dukkan zaben fidda gwani na Rivers APC.&lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot;/&gt; An kwatanta hukuncin da sauri da irin wannan hukuncin da ya hana Rivers APC shiga gasar a shekarar 2019; &lt;ref name=&quot;APC primary nullified&quot; /&gt; jam'iyyar ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin kuma ta yi alkawarin yin takara a zaben.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan da ya biyo baya, a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, an saki zaben farko na jama'a - wanda NIO Polls ya gudanar kuma Gidauniyar Anap ta ba da izini - don tseren tare da nuna filin da aka raba sosai wanda Fubara ya jagoranci yayin da Cole (wanda aka haɗa duk da hukuncin kotu) da Abe suka biyo baya a karo na biyu da na uku, bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayin da zaben ya kusa, an sake dawo da Cole a matsayin wanda aka zaba ta hanyar Kotun daukaka kara a watan Janairun 2023. A watan da ya biyo baya, kungiyar Rivers State Governorship Debate Group ta gudanar da muhawara a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu; Abe, Cole, da kuma dan takarar LP Beatrice Itubo sun halarci yayin da Fubara da dan takarar Accord Dumo Lulu-Briggs ba su nan.&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 February 2023 |title=2023 polls: Rivers PDP guber candidate, Sim Fubara shuns debate |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/20/2023-polls-rivers-pdp-guber-candidate-sim-fubara-shuns-debate/ |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya a watan Fabrairu, mayar da hankali ga zaben shugaban kasa da ke gabatowa a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu. A cikin zaben, Jihar Rivers ta zabi [[Bola Tinubu]] (APC) a cikin gardama; sakamakon da aka ayyana ya nuna Tinubu ya lashe jihar da kashi 44.2% na kuri'un don kayar da Peter Obi (LP) da kashi 33.4% da [[Atiku Abubakar]] (PDP) da kashi 16.9%. Zaben, wanda ya cika da rashin daidaito da zarge-zargen zamba, ya haifar da sabuntawa ga tseren gwamna yayin da rahotanni na tsangwama na zaben da Wike ya jagoranta don goyon bayan Tinubu ya haifar da damuwa game da irin wannan kokarin ga Fubara. Masu sharhi sun lura da yiwuwar rashin jin daɗi na masu jefa kuri'a saboda ma'anar cewa ainihin kuri'un ba su da tasiri ga sakamakon da aka sanar saboda rahotanni masu yawa daga Fabrairu tare da tsoron tashin hankali da aka yi niyya a sansanonin adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran abubuwan da masana suka yi la'akari da su sun haɗa da yanayin siyasa mai rikitarwa, tsattsauran ra'ayi game da wadanda ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba, da ci gaba da kai hare-hare kan masu adawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onukwue |first=Alexander |date=25 April 2022 |title=Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people |url=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naku |first=Dennis |date=12 March 2022 |title=Security agencies fully involved in illegal bunkering – Wike |url=https://punchng.com/security-agencies-fully-involved-in-illegal-bunkering-wike/ |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tattaunawar zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|+Muhawara game da zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na 2023
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Masu shirya taron
! colspan=&quot;7&quot; |&lt;{{Font color|black|#FF9090|&amp;nbsp;A&amp;nbsp;}}
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Accord (Nijeriya)|A]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Nigeria Labour Party|LP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:5em;&quot; |Sauran jam'iyyun
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Accord (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Labour Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Others}};&quot; |
|-
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |4 ga Fabrairu
| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot; |[[Rivers State Governorship Debate Group|Kungiyar Tattaunawar Gwamnan Jihar Rivers]]
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Lulu-Briggs}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Tonye Cole|Cole]]}}}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Beatrice Itubo|Itubo]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#FF9090;&quot; |'''A'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|[[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]}}| {{Yes|'''P'''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|[[Magnus Abe|Abe]]}}}}
| style=&quot;background:#A2B2C2;&quot; |'''NI'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Small|Multiple}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;February debate&quot;/&gt;
|}

=== Zabe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:14px;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Kungiyar zabe / abokin ciniki
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ranar Aikin Gida&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Samfurin samfur&lt;br /&gt;
![[Fayil:Tonye_Cole.jpg|80x80px]]
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''PDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
!&lt;div style=&quot;width:80px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:80px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}; font-size:20px;&quot;&gt; '''SDP'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ba a yanke shawara ba
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Babu wani amsa / Babu wani amsa/An ƙi
|-
!Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[All Progressives Congress|APC]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Siminalayi Fubara|Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
![[Magnus Ngei Abe|Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}&quot; |
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/pdps-siminalayi-fubara-has-a-narrow-lead-in-a-severely-fragmented-race NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Oktoba 2022
|500
|14%
|11%
|6%
|12%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 4%; [[Tekena Iyagba]] (BP): 3%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Other candidates: 3%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''37%'''
|20%{{Efn|Refused: 18%; None: 2%}}
|-
|[https://www.anapfoundation.com/press-releases/rivers-pdps-siminalayi-fubara-maintains-lead-but-sdps-magnus-abe-has-momentum NIO Polls for Anap Foundation]
|Fabrairu 2023
|N/A
|10%
|20%
|11%
|11%{{Efn|Dumo Lulu-Briggs (A): 6%; [[Dawari George]] (AA): 2%; [[Beatrice Itubo]] (LP): 2%; Victor Tamie Fingesi: 1%}}
| {{Party shading/Nonpartisan}} |'''23%'''
|25%{{Efn|Refused: 24%; None: 1%}}
|-
|}

== Tsinkaya ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!Tushen
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tsinkaya
!Ya zuwa yanzu
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Nowrap|[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]{{efn|AfricaElects projections predict the likelihood of a candidate winning a state by categorizing a state as &quot;Safe&quot; for exceedingly likely, &quot;Likely&quot; for somewhat likely, and &quot;Lean&quot; for least likely. If no clear determination could be made, states are categorized as &quot;tossups&quot;.}}}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Africa Elects ratings&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Elimian |first=Adrian |title=Nigerian Gubernatorial Elections: State Ratings |url=https://africaelects.com/2023/03/18/nigerian-gubernatorial-elections-state-ratings/ |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=[[Europe Elects#Format|Africa Elects]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#00c00e&quot; |Wataƙila Fubara
|17 Maris 2023
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |Ya isa ya isa ya zama {{Nowrap|[[SBM Intelligence]]{{efn|EiE-SBM projections predict which candidates will win states.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;EiE-SBM March projections&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=The EiE-SBM 2023 Election forecast: Diminished interest in state elections will make for poor outcomes |url=https://www.sbmintel.com/2023/03/the-eie-sbm-2023-election-forecast-diminished-interest-in-state-elections-will-make-for-poor-outcomes/ |website=SBM Intelligence |date=2 March 2023 |access-date=16 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#009404&quot; |Fubara
|2 ga Maris 2023
|-
|}

== Halin da ake yi ==

=== Lokaci na zaɓe ===
{{Excerpt|2023 Abia State gubernatorial election|Electoral timetable|hat=no}}

== Babban Zabe ==

=== Sakamakon ===
{{Election box begin no change|title=2023 Rivers State gubernatorial election}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Dumo Lulu-Briggs|party=Accord (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dawari George]]|party=Action Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Victor Tamie Fingesi]]|party=Action Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Leesi Gabriel Gborogbosi|party=Action Peoples Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Dada Joseph Ngechu Obele]]|party=African Action Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonte Ibraye]]|party=African Democratic Congress|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Faye-Ofori Churchill]]|party=Allied Peoples Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tonye Cole]]|party=All Progressives Congress|votes=95,274|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Ugochukwu Prince Beke]]|party=All Progressives Grand Alliance|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Tekena Iyagba]]|party=Boot Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Beatrice Itubo]]|party=Labour Party (Nigeria)|votes=22,224|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Sam Agwor]]|party=New Nigeria Peoples Party|votes=335|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Jackrich Sobomabo]]|party=National Rescue Movement|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Siminalayi Fubara]]|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=302,614|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Magnus Abe]]|party=Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Danagogo Wenike-Briggs]]|party=Young Progressives Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Leyii Kwanee]]|party=Zenith Labour Party|votes=|percentage=}}
{{Election box total no change}}
{{Election box turnout no change}}
{{End}}

==== Ta hanyar gundumar sanata ====
Sakamakon zaben ta gundumar sanata.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gundumar Sanata
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gundumar Sanatan Rivers ta Gabas|Gundumar Sanata ta Gabas ta Rivers]]{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]], [[Etche]], [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]], [[Obio-Akpor]], [[Ogu–Bolo]], [[Okrika]], [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]], and [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Kogin Kudu maso Gabas na Gundumar Sanata{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]], [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]], [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]], [[Opobo–Nkoro]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Sanata ta Yammacin Kogin{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]], [[Ahoada East]], [[Ahoada West]], [[Akuku-Toru]], [[Asari-Toru]], [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]], [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]], and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar mazabar tarayya ====
Sakamakon zaben ta mazabar tarayya.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mazabar Tarayya
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Abua/Odua/Ahoada Gabashin Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Abua–Odual]] and [[Ahoada East]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ahoada West/Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ahoada East]] and [[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Gundumar Tarayyar Akuku Toru / Asari Toru{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Akuku-Toru]] and [[Asari-Toru]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Andoni/Opobo/Nkoro Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Andoni]] and [[Opobo–Nkoro]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Degema / Bonny Mazabar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Bonny, Nigeria|Bonny]] and [[Degema, Nigeria|Degema]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Eleme/Oyigbo/Tai Tarayyar Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Eleme, Rivers|Eleme]], [[Oyigbo]], and [[Tai, Rivers|Tai]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Yankin Etche/Omuma na Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Etche]] and [[Omuma Local Government|Omuma]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Ikwerre/Emohua Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Emohua]] and [[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Khana/Gokana Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Gokana, Rivers|Gokana]] and [[Khana, Rivers|Khana]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Obio/Akpor Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government area of [[Obio-Akpor]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Okrika/Ogu/Bolo Majalisa ta Tarayya{{Efn|Comprising the local government areas of [[Ogu–Bolo]] and [[Okrika]].}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Port Harcourt I Majalisa ta Tarayya da Port Harcoort II Majalisa na Tarayya{{Efn|Together comprising the local government area of [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]].}}{{Efn|These two constituencies are within a single LGA. As this table does not differentiate between intra-LGA results, these figures are for the entire LGA which is the same as the data for both constituencies.}}&lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |TBD
|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
|}

==== Ta hanyar karamar hukuma ====
Sakamakon zaben ta karamar hukuma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyekanmi |first=Rotimi |date=26 February 2022 |title=It's Official: 2023 Presidential, National Assembly Elections to Hold Feb 25 |url=https://inecnews.com/its-official-2023-presidential-national-assembly-elections-to-hold-feb-25-%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|INEC]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot; font-size: 90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |LGA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tonye Cole&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;APC&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Siminalayi Fubara]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;PDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Magnus Ngei Abe|Magnus Abe]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;SDP&lt;/small&gt;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sauran
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimlar kuri'un da aka amince da su
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kashi na masu halarta
|-
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Kashi
|-
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Abua–Odual|Abua-Odual]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,738
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,763
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |463
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |712
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,676
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Gabas|Ahoada Gabas]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,650
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,408
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,077
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |903
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,038
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ahoada ta Yamma|Ahoada Yamma]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,883
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,425
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,063
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |775
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,146
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Akuku-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,724
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,273
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |222
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |931
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |11,150
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Andoni]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,149
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,319
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1185
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |618
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Asari-Toru]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,209
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |12,663
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |179
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,271
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |18,322
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Bonny (Rivers)|Bonny]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,285
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,032
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |559
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,571
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,447
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Degema]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,107
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |4,437
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |579
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,006
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,129
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Eleme (Ribas)|Eleme]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,662
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,414
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,251
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |920
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |14,247
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |Emohua
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,916
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |20,600
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |805
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,270
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |28,591
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Etche|Ƙarƙashin]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,408
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,043
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,586
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,283
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |26,320
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Gokana]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |7,410
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,455
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,840
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |755
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |39,467
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ikwerre]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |7,503
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| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,716
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,447
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,424
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |24,090
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Khana]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |620
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,475
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |5,846
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |494
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,435
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Obio-Akpor|Rashin amincewa da Akpor]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |7,361
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |45,065
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,056
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,083
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |65,565
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogba–Egbema–Ndoni|Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,811
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |17,729
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,450
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,391
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |31381
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Ogu–Bolo|Ogu-Bolo]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,524
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |7,103
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |310
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |528
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,155
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Okrika|Yankin]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,719
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,342
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |822
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,719
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |15,093
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Omuma]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,127
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8,760
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |804
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |234
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |11925
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Opobo–Nkoro|Opobo-Nkoro]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |1,246
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |11,538
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |159
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |246
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |13,189
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Oyigbo]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |2,793
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,886
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |796
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,086
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |16,561
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Port Harcourt (ƙaramar hukuma)|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Harcourt]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |8.954
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |26,892
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |3,974
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |6,689
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |46,509
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |[[Tai]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |295
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |9,276
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |508
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |148
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |%
| align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#c4b5bb&quot; |10,227
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|-
|-
!Cikakken
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
!TBD
!%
|}

== Dubi kuma ==

* Zaben Najeriya na 2023
* [[Zaben gwamnonin Najeriya 2023|Zaben gwamna na Najeriya na 2023]]

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{2023 Nigeria elections}}{{Elections in Rivers State}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>a887opk0cm294ulwv88r2rggmjwv2jf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mai kashewar Fabrairu 9</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>123047</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893180</id>
      <parentid>881657</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:00:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893180</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4394" sha1="e7qqitx2q3f6pe71tlfioa5q6xxecv3" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
Juan Antonio Arreola Murillo (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba, na shekarar 1980), wanda aka fi sani da mai kisan kai na Fabrairu 9, &lt;ref name=&quot;Fox13Now&quot;&gt;[http://www.fox13now.com/news/kstu-feb-9-serial-killer,0,4132258.story &quot;Police searching for Feb. 9 serial killer&quot;] ''Fox13Now'', 5 February 2011 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209015156/http://www.fox13now.com/news/kstu-feb-9-serial-killer,0,4132258.story |date=February 9, 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fox13now.com/videobeta/?watchId=57b8b12a-f71c-44c4-af1b-fa1ca3fc853d &quot;Police seek help in Feb. 9 killer&quot;] ''Fox13Now'' {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723203753/http://www.fox13now.com/videobeta/?watchId=57b8b12a-f71c-44c4-af1b-fa1ca3fc853d |date=July 23, 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CNN&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ABC 4&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = UNSOLVED CASES: Who killed Sonia Mejia? | work = abc4.com | publisher =  | date = 25 October 2010 | url = http://www.abc4.com/content/news/unsolved_cases/story/UNSOLVED-CASES-Who-killed-Sonia-Mejia/DnXoFTIssUyXg6XHJ--2Bw.cspx | accessdate =  | archive-date = 3 April 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120403011212/http://www.abc4.com/content/news/unsolved_cases/story/UNSOLVED-CASES-Who-killed-Sonia-Mejia/DnXoFTIssUyXg6XHJ--2Bw.cspx | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;wanda ke da alhakin kisan Sonia Mejia da jaririn da ba a haife shi ba a shekara ta 2006 da kuma kisan Damiana Castillo a cikin Salt Lake County, Utah, Amurka. An aikata kisan a wannan rana, Fabrairu 9, saboda haka sunan.

== Bincike ==
A shekara ta 2009, kisan gillar da ba a warware ba na Sonia Mejia a Taylorsville da Damiana Castillo a West Valley City an haɗa su ta hanyar nazarin DNA. Ma'aikatun ƴan sanda masu dacewa a lokaci guda sun fitar da bayanin mai aikata laifin a matsayin namiji na Hispanic a ƙarshen shekarunsa ko farkon shekaru 20.&lt;ref name=&quot;CNN&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hanna |first=Jason |date=9 February 2009 |title=Utah cities on alert as anniversary of 2 slayings hits |url=http://articles.cnn.com/2009-02-09/justice/utah.killings.anniversary_1_slayings-serial-killer-forensic-evidence?_s=PM:CRIME |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006102802/http://articles.cnn.com/2009-02-09/justice/utah.killings.anniversary_1_slayings-serial-killer-forensic-evidence?_s=PM%3ACRIME |archive-date=6 October 2012 |website=CNN Justice}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa rundunar aiki ta mutum 20. Ya zuwa 2012, an rarraba shari'ar a matsayin yanayin sanyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fox13Now&quot; /&gt;

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2018, Lauyan Gundumar Salt Lake County Sim Gill ya ba da sanarwar cewa wani wanda ake zargi yana cikin tsare a wani yanki kuma yana cikin hanyar mayar da shi zuwa Utah don fuskantar tuhumar kisan kai. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2022, an buɗe takardun cajin kuma an bayyana wanda ake zargi dan kasar Mexico ne mai shekaru 41 Juan Arreola, wanda aka yanke masa hukunci a baya saboda zamba a shekara ta 2008 kuma daga baya aka kore shi zuwa ƙasarsa, inda ya kasance har sai an mika shi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fox13now.com/videobeta/?watchId=57b8b12a-f71c-44c4-af1b-fa1ca3fc853d &quot;Police seek help in Feb. 9 killer&quot;] ''Fox13Now'' {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt; An mika Arreola da sauri bayan masu gabatar da kara sun ce ba za su nemi hukuncin kisa a cikin shari'ar ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-12 |title=Man pleads guilty to murdering 2 Utah women, unborn child in 2006, 2008 |url=https://www.fox13now.com/news/crime/man-pleads-guilty-to-murdering-2-utah-women-unborn-child-in-2006-2008 |access-date=2025-07-07 |website=FOX 13 News Utah (KSTU) |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin shekara ta 2023, Arreola ya yi ikirarin aikata laifuka uku na kisan kai. Daga baya aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa a watan Agusta zuwa shekaru 60 zuwa rai da rai a kurkuku.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fox13now.com/news/kstu-february-9th-killer-update,0,4431439.story &quot;Police Task Force still searching for elusive February 9th Killer&quot;] ''Fox13Now'', 6 February 2010 {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wadanda aka azabtar ==

* '''Sonia Mejia''', mai shekaru 29, an yi mata fyade kuma an maƙure ta a gidanta a Taylorsville. Yaron da ba a haifa ba ya mutu tare da ita.
* '''Damiana Castillo''', mai shekaru 57, an maƙure ta a cikin gidanta a West Valley City.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin masu tserewa daga adalci waɗanda suka ɓace

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]]</text>
      <sha1>e7qqitx2q3f6pe71tlfioa5q6xxecv3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893181</id>
      <parentid>893180</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:00:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893181</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4395" sha1="s03xzr8yoab0qsheikx7szx46q9kd9v" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
Juan Antonio Arreola Murillo (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba, na shekarar 1980), wanda aka fi sani da mai kisan kai na Fabrairu 9, &lt;ref name=&quot;Fox13Now&quot;&gt;[http://www.fox13now.com/news/kstu-feb-9-serial-killer,0,4132258.story &quot;Police searching for Feb. 9 serial killer&quot;] ''Fox13Now'', 5 February 2011 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209015156/http://www.fox13now.com/news/kstu-feb-9-serial-killer,0,4132258.story |date=February 9, 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fox13now.com/videobeta/?watchId=57b8b12a-f71c-44c4-af1b-fa1ca3fc853d &quot;Police seek help in Feb. 9 killer&quot;] ''Fox13Now'' {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723203753/http://www.fox13now.com/videobeta/?watchId=57b8b12a-f71c-44c4-af1b-fa1ca3fc853d |date=July 23, 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CNN&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ABC 4&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = UNSOLVED CASES: Who killed Sonia Mejia? | work = abc4.com | publisher =  | date = 25 October 2010 | url = http://www.abc4.com/content/news/unsolved_cases/story/UNSOLVED-CASES-Who-killed-Sonia-Mejia/DnXoFTIssUyXg6XHJ--2Bw.cspx | accessdate =  | archive-date = 3 April 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120403011212/http://www.abc4.com/content/news/unsolved_cases/story/UNSOLVED-CASES-Who-killed-Sonia-Mejia/DnXoFTIssUyXg6XHJ--2Bw.cspx | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;wanda ke da alhakin kisan Sonia Mejia da jaririn da ba a haife shi ba a shekara ta 2006 da kuma kisan Damiana Castillo a cikin Salt Lake County, Utah, Amurka. An aikata kisan a wannan rana, Fabrairu 9, saboda haka sunan.

== Bincike ==
A shekara ta 2009, kisan gillar da ba a warware ba na Sonia Mejia a Taylorsville da Damiana Castillo a West Valley City an haɗa su ta hanyar nazarin DNA. Ma'aikatun ƴan sanda masu dacewa a lokaci guda sun fitar da bayanin mai aikata laifin a matsayin namiji na Hispanic a ƙarshen shekarunsa ko farkon shekaru 20.&lt;ref name=&quot;CNN&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hanna |first=Jason |date=9 February 2009 |title=Utah cities on alert as anniversary of 2 slayings hits |url=http://articles.cnn.com/2009-02-09/justice/utah.killings.anniversary_1_slayings-serial-killer-forensic-evidence?_s=PM:CRIME |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006102802/http://articles.cnn.com/2009-02-09/justice/utah.killings.anniversary_1_slayings-serial-killer-forensic-evidence?_s=PM%3ACRIME |archive-date=6 October 2012 |website=CNN Justice}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa rundunar aiki ta mutum 20. Ya zuwa 2012, an rarraba shari'ar a matsayin yanayin sanyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fox13Now&quot; /&gt;

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2018, Lauyan Gundumar Salt Lake County Sim Gill ya ba da sanarwar cewa wani wanda ake zargi yana cikin tsare a wani yanki kuma yana cikin hanyar mayar da shi zuwa Utah don fuskantar tuhumar kisan kai. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2022, an buɗe takardun cajin kuma an bayyana wanda ake zargi dan ƙasar Mexico ne mai shekaru 41 Juan Arreola, wanda aka yanke masa hukunci a baya saboda zamba a shekara ta 2008 kuma daga baya aka kore shi zuwa ƙasarsa, inda ya kasance har sai an mika shi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fox13now.com/videobeta/?watchId=57b8b12a-f71c-44c4-af1b-fa1ca3fc853d &quot;Police seek help in Feb. 9 killer&quot;] ''Fox13Now'' {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt; An mika Arreola da sauri bayan masu gabatar da kara sun ce ba za su nemi hukuncin kisa a cikin shari'ar ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-12 |title=Man pleads guilty to murdering 2 Utah women, unborn child in 2006, 2008 |url=https://www.fox13now.com/news/crime/man-pleads-guilty-to-murdering-2-utah-women-unborn-child-in-2006-2008 |access-date=2025-07-07 |website=FOX 13 News Utah (KSTU) |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin shekara ta 2023, Arreola ya yi ikirarin aikata laifuka uku na kisan kai. Daga baya aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa a watan Agusta zuwa shekaru 60 zuwa rai da rai a kurkuku.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fox13now.com/news/kstu-february-9th-killer-update,0,4431439.story &quot;Police Task Force still searching for elusive February 9th Killer&quot;] ''Fox13Now'', 6 February 2010 {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wadanda aka azabtar ==

* '''Sonia Mejia''', mai shekaru 29, an yi mata fyade kuma an maƙure ta a gidanta a Taylorsville. Yaron da ba a haifa ba ya mutu tare da ita.
* '''Damiana Castillo''', mai shekaru 57, an maƙure ta a cikin gidanta a West Valley City.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin masu tserewa daga adalci waɗanda suka ɓace

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]]</text>
      <sha1>s03xzr8yoab0qsheikx7szx46q9kd9v</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893182</id>
      <parentid>893181</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:00:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893182</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4400" sha1="5nbtxhd5rpw4667sb11xtxfwqci89pv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
Juan Antonio Arreola Murillo (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba, na shekarar 1980), wanda aka fi sani da mai kisan kai na Fabrairu 9, &lt;ref name=&quot;Fox13Now&quot;&gt;[http://www.fox13now.com/news/kstu-feb-9-serial-killer,0,4132258.story &quot;Police searching for Feb. 9 serial killer&quot;] ''Fox13Now'', 5 February 2011 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209015156/http://www.fox13now.com/news/kstu-feb-9-serial-killer,0,4132258.story |date=February 9, 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fox13now.com/videobeta/?watchId=57b8b12a-f71c-44c4-af1b-fa1ca3fc853d &quot;Police seek help in Feb. 9 killer&quot;] ''Fox13Now'' {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723203753/http://www.fox13now.com/videobeta/?watchId=57b8b12a-f71c-44c4-af1b-fa1ca3fc853d |date=July 23, 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CNN&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ABC 4&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = UNSOLVED CASES: Who killed Sonia Mejia? | work = abc4.com | publisher =  | date = 25 October 2010 | url = http://www.abc4.com/content/news/unsolved_cases/story/UNSOLVED-CASES-Who-killed-Sonia-Mejia/DnXoFTIssUyXg6XHJ--2Bw.cspx | accessdate =  | archive-date = 3 April 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120403011212/http://www.abc4.com/content/news/unsolved_cases/story/UNSOLVED-CASES-Who-killed-Sonia-Mejia/DnXoFTIssUyXg6XHJ--2Bw.cspx | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;wanda ke da alhakin kisan Sonia Mejia da jaririn da ba a haife shi ba a shekara ta 2006 da kuma kisan Damiana Castillo a cikin Salt Lake County, Utah, Amurka. An aikata kisan a wannan rana, Fabrairu 9, saboda haka sunan.

== Bincike ==
A shekara ta 2009, kisan gillar da ba a warware ba na Sonia Mejia a Taylorsville da Damiana Castillo a West Valley City an haɗa su ta hanyar nazarin DNA. Ma'aikatun ƴan sanda masu dacewa a lokaci guda sun fitar da bayanin mai aikata laifin a matsayin namiji na Hispanic a ƙarshen shekarunsa ko farkon shekaru 20.&lt;ref name=&quot;CNN&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hanna |first=Jason |date=9 February 2009 |title=Utah cities on alert as anniversary of 2 slayings hits |url=http://articles.cnn.com/2009-02-09/justice/utah.killings.anniversary_1_slayings-serial-killer-forensic-evidence?_s=PM:CRIME |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006102802/http://articles.cnn.com/2009-02-09/justice/utah.killings.anniversary_1_slayings-serial-killer-forensic-evidence?_s=PM%3ACRIME |archive-date=6 October 2012 |website=CNN Justice}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa rundunar aiki ta mutum 20. Ya zuwa 2012, an rarraba shari'ar a matsayin yanayin sanyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fox13Now&quot; /&gt;

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2018, Lauyan Gundumar Salt Lake County Sim Gill ya ba da sanarwar cewa wani wanda ake zargi yana cikin tsare a wani yanki kuma yana cikin hanyar mayar da shi zuwa Utah don fuskantar tuhumar kisan kai. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2022, an buɗe takardun cajin kuma an bayyana wanda ake zargi dan ƙasar Mexico ne mai shekaru 41 Juan Arreola, wanda aka yanke masa hukunci a baya saboda zamba a shekara ta 2008 kuma daga baya aka kore shi zuwa ƙasarsa, inda ya kasance har sai an mika shi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fox13now.com/videobeta/?watchId=57b8b12a-f71c-44c4-af1b-fa1ca3fc853d &quot;Police seek help in Feb. 9 killer&quot;] ''Fox13Now'' {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma mika Arreola da sauri bayan masu gabatar da kara sun ce ba za su nemi hukuncin kisa a cikin shari'ar ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-12 |title=Man pleads guilty to murdering 2 Utah women, unborn child in 2006, 2008 |url=https://www.fox13now.com/news/crime/man-pleads-guilty-to-murdering-2-utah-women-unborn-child-in-2006-2008 |access-date=2025-07-07 |website=FOX 13 News Utah (KSTU) |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin shekara ta 2023, Arreola ya yi ikirarin aikata laifuka uku na kisan kai. Daga baya aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa a watan Agusta zuwa shekaru 60 zuwa rai da rai a kurkuku.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fox13now.com/news/kstu-february-9th-killer-update,0,4431439.story &quot;Police Task Force still searching for elusive February 9th Killer&quot;] ''Fox13Now'', 6 February 2010 {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wadanda aka azabtar ==

* '''Sonia Mejia''', mai shekaru 29, an yi mata fyade kuma an maƙure ta a gidanta a Taylorsville. Yaron da ba a haifa ba ya mutu tare da ita.
* '''Damiana Castillo''', mai shekaru 57, an maƙure ta a cikin gidanta a West Valley City.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin masu tserewa daga adalci waɗanda suka ɓace

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]]</text>
      <sha1>5nbtxhd5rpw4667sb11xtxfwqci89pv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893183</id>
      <parentid>893182</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:00:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893183</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4405" sha1="dmebdc7hkq0vwfjrg3cmy9nm4iu0g2u" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
Juan Antonio Arreola Murillo (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba, na shekarar 1980), wanda aka fi sani da mai kisan kai na Fabrairu 9, &lt;ref name=&quot;Fox13Now&quot;&gt;[http://www.fox13now.com/news/kstu-feb-9-serial-killer,0,4132258.story &quot;Police searching for Feb. 9 serial killer&quot;] ''Fox13Now'', 5 February 2011 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209015156/http://www.fox13now.com/news/kstu-feb-9-serial-killer,0,4132258.story |date=February 9, 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fox13now.com/videobeta/?watchId=57b8b12a-f71c-44c4-af1b-fa1ca3fc853d &quot;Police seek help in Feb. 9 killer&quot;] ''Fox13Now'' {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723203753/http://www.fox13now.com/videobeta/?watchId=57b8b12a-f71c-44c4-af1b-fa1ca3fc853d |date=July 23, 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CNN&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ABC 4&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = UNSOLVED CASES: Who killed Sonia Mejia? | work = abc4.com | publisher =  | date = 25 October 2010 | url = http://www.abc4.com/content/news/unsolved_cases/story/UNSOLVED-CASES-Who-killed-Sonia-Mejia/DnXoFTIssUyXg6XHJ--2Bw.cspx | accessdate =  | archive-date = 3 April 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120403011212/http://www.abc4.com/content/news/unsolved_cases/story/UNSOLVED-CASES-Who-killed-Sonia-Mejia/DnXoFTIssUyXg6XHJ--2Bw.cspx | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;wanda ke da alhakin kisan Sonia Mejia da jaririn da ba a haife shi ba a shekara ta 2006 da kuma kisan Damiana Castillo a cikin Salt Lake County, Utah, Amurka. An aikata kisan a wannan rana, Fabrairu 9, saboda haka sunan.

== Bincike ==
A shekara ta 2009, kisan gillar da ba a warware ba na Sonia Mejia a Taylorsville da Damiana Castillo a West Valley City an haɗa su ta hanyar nazarin DNA. Ma'aikatun ƴan sanda masu dacewa a lokaci guda sun fitar da bayanin mai aikata laifin a matsayin namiji na Hispanic a ƙarshen shekarunsa ko farkon shekaru 20.&lt;ref name=&quot;CNN&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hanna |first=Jason |date=9 February 2009 |title=Utah cities on alert as anniversary of 2 slayings hits |url=http://articles.cnn.com/2009-02-09/justice/utah.killings.anniversary_1_slayings-serial-killer-forensic-evidence?_s=PM:CRIME |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006102802/http://articles.cnn.com/2009-02-09/justice/utah.killings.anniversary_1_slayings-serial-killer-forensic-evidence?_s=PM%3ACRIME |archive-date=6 October 2012 |website=CNN Justice}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa rundunar aiki ta mutum 20. Ya zuwa 2012, an rarraba shari'ar a matsayin yanayin sanyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fox13Now&quot; /&gt;

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2018, Lauyan Gundumar Salt Lake County Sim Gill ya ba da sanarwar cewa wani wanda ake zargi yana cikin tsare a wani yanki kuma yana cikin hanyar mayar da shi zuwa Utah don fuskantar tuhumar kisan kai. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2022, an buɗe takardun cajin kuma an bayyana wanda ake zargi dan ƙasar Mexico ne mai shekaru 41 Juan Arreola, wanda aka yanke masa hukunci a baya saboda zamba a shekara ta 2008 kuma daga baya aka kore shi zuwa ƙasarsa, inda ya kasance har sai an mika shi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fox13now.com/videobeta/?watchId=57b8b12a-f71c-44c4-af1b-fa1ca3fc853d &quot;Police seek help in Feb. 9 killer&quot;] ''Fox13Now'' {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma mika Arreola da sauri bayan masu gabatar da kara sun ce ba za su nemi hukuncin kisa a cikin shari'ar ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-12 |title=Man pleads guilty to murdering 2 Utah women, unborn child in 2006, 2008 |url=https://www.fox13now.com/news/crime/man-pleads-guilty-to-murdering-2-utah-women-unborn-child-in-2006-2008 |access-date=2025-07-07 |website=FOX 13 News Utah (KSTU) |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin shekara ta 2023, Arreola ya kuma yi ikirarin aikata laifuka uku na kisan kai. Daga baya aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa a watan Agusta zuwa shekaru 60 zuwa rai da rai a kurkuku.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fox13now.com/news/kstu-february-9th-killer-update,0,4431439.story &quot;Police Task Force still searching for elusive February 9th Killer&quot;] ''Fox13Now'', 6 February 2010 {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wadanda aka azabtar ==

* '''Sonia Mejia''', mai shekaru 29, an yi mata fyade kuma an maƙure ta a gidanta a Taylorsville. Yaron da ba a haifa ba ya mutu tare da ita.
* '''Damiana Castillo''', mai shekaru 57, an maƙure ta a cikin gidanta a West Valley City.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin masu tserewa daga adalci waɗanda suka ɓace

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]]</text>
      <sha1>dmebdc7hkq0vwfjrg3cmy9nm4iu0g2u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rashin Cecilia Strzyzowski</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>123056</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893026</id>
      <parentid>884050</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:09:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893026</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29418" sha1="htkk5yinoqkntceaqlcf7j8i7zvewcw" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
An haifi Strzyzowski a ranar 3 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1994. Ta kasance ma'aikaciyar gudanarwa a cibiyar kiwon lafiya kuma mai mallakar cafeteria.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=Desaparición de Cecilia: Su familia vinculó las últimas horas con su pareja pero el entorno de Sena lo niega |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/639979-desaparicion-de-cecilia-su-familia-vinculo-las-ultimas-horas-con-su-pareja-pero-el-entorno-de-sena-lo-niega |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=Allanaron la cafetería de Cecilia Strzyzowski: la hipótesis que vincula al lugar con el posible móvil económico del femicidio |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/14/allanamiento-en-el-gato-negro-el-cafe-de-cecilia-strzyzowski-encontraron-una-foto-de-marcela-acuna-amamantando-a-cesar-sena/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715023509/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/14/allanamiento-en-el-gato-negro-el-cafe-de-cecilia-strzyzowski-encontraron-una-foto-de-marcela-acuna-amamantando-a-cesar-sena/ |archive-date=2023-07-15 |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta zauna a gidan kawunta tare da abokin tarayya, César Sena mai shekaru 19. A cewar shaidar Gloria Romero, mahaifiyar Strzyzowski da mai shigar da kara a cikin batun bacewarta, dangantakar da ke tsakanin su biyu ta fara ne a watan Disamba na shekarar 2021 ta hanyar aikace-aikacen soyayya Tinder. Koyaya, matsaloli sun taso a cikin dangantakar, musamman saboda juriya ta mahaifiyar César ga dangantakarta. Bugu da ƙari, an kuma ambaci yiwuwar tilasta ikon da César ya yi a kan ƙungiyoyin Cecilia ta hanyar [[WhatsApp]] da kuma mallakar makamai da César, wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa ana tsananta masa ta siyasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;

A ranar 16 ga Satumban shekara ta 2022, Cecilia da César sun yi aure, amma bayan kwana huɗu sun fara aiwatar da saki, wanda ake zargin mahaifiyar César ce ta rinjaye shi, wanda bai goyi bayan dangantakar ba. Matasan ma'aurata sun ba da katunan gayyata don bikin aure da za a gudanar a ranar 23 ga watan Disamba, kodayake dokar saki ta fito kwana biyu kafin kuma an jinkirta bikin har abada. Mahaifiyar Cecilia ba ta san wannan kisan aure ba a lokacin da ta ɓace.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-28 |title=Los detalles detrás del festejo que no fue: César y Cecilia habían repartido tarjetas para celebrar su casamiento |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/640837-los-detalles-detras-del-festejo-que-no-fue-cesar-y-cecilia-habian-repartido-tarjetas-para-celebrar-su-casamiento- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820220711/https://www.diariochaco.com/640837-los-detalles-detras-del-festejo-que-no-fue-cesar-y-cecilia-habian-repartido-tarjetas-para-celebrar-su-casamiento- |archive-date=2023-08-20 |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cecilia da Cesar sun ci gaba da dangantakarsu, duk da haka, kuma ana ganinsu tare a kai a kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=Tenso cruce de versiones, un &quot;matrimonio&quot; y una joven desaparecida: continúa la búsqueda de Cecilia Strzyzowski |url=https://www.diariotag.com/155581-tenso-cruce-de-versiones-un-matrimonio-y-una-joven-desaparecida-continua-la-busqueda-de-cecilia-strzyzowski |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621183823/https://www.diariotag.com/155581-tenso-cruce-de-versiones-un-matrimonio-y-una-joven-desaparecida-continua-la-busqueda-de-cecilia-strzyzowski |archive-date=2023-06-21 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Diario TAG |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:63&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-09 |title=Nueva movilización por Cecilia Strzyzowski: &quot;Dónde está o qué hicieron con mi hija&quot; |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/640087-nueva-movilizacion-por-cecilia-strzyzowski-donde-esta-o-que-hicieron-con-mi-hija- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622133921/https://www.diariochaco.com/640087-nueva-movilizacion-por-cecilia-strzyzowski-donde-esta-o-que-hicieron-con-mi-hija- |archive-date=2023-06-22 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifiyar Cecilia ta bayyana cewa a gare ta, César kyakkyawar aboki ce, kuma ta nuna mamaki ga sigar da ta koya daga abokiyar Cecilia, wacce ta yi zargin cewa a ranar 3 ga Mayun shekarar 2023, César ta kai wa Cecilia hari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Detectaron que el clan Sena tiene registrados 15 vehículos dentro de su patrimonio |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232756/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar wannan sanarwa, César Sena ya sami magani kuma ya buge mahaifiyarsa a wani lokaci. Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam na Cecilia - wanda ya kuma yi mata magani na ƙarshe kwana biyu kafin bacewarta - ya tabbatar da nau'ikan tashin hankali na jinsi kuma cewa ya sha magungunan psychotropic.&lt;ref name=&quot;:31&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-07-12 |title=La psicóloga que atendía a Cecilia confirmó hechos de violencia y que César se medicaba |url=https://www.diarionorte.com/233819-la-psicologa-que-atendia-a-cecilia-confirmo-hechos-de-violencia-y-que-cesar-se-medicaba- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713110240/https://www.diarionorte.com/233819-la-psicologa-que-atendia-a-cecilia-confirmo-hechos-de-violencia-y-que-cesar-se-medicaba- |archive-date=2023-07-13 |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=Norte Chaco |language=es-AR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

César Sena ɗan Emericano Sena ne da Marcela Acuña, iyali mai ƙwarewa sosai a cikin zamantakewa da siyasa, kasancewar shugabannin da ke da alaƙa da gwamnatin Lardin Chaco, wanda ke nunawa a aiwatar da ayyukan jama'a, gudanar da shirye-shiryen ayyukan zamantakewa da isar da gidaje ta hanyar ƙungiyoyi kamar &quot;Fundación Doctor Saul Acuña&quot;, &quot;Fundacion Emerciano Sena&quot; da &quot;Cooperativa de Trabajo Emerenciano Limitada&quot;. A cikin shekarar 2023, sun sami canja wurin Pesos na Argentina miliyan 141 daga gwamnatin lardin. &lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 June 2023 |title=La Justicia recibió el primer informe oficial sobre el patrimonio de los Sena: qué bienes declararon |url=https://www.infobae.com/judiciales/2023/06/26/la-justicia-recibio-el-primer-informe-oficial-sobre-el-patrimonio-de-los-sena-que-bienes-declararon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232755/https://www.infobae.com/judiciales/2023/06/26/la-justicia-recibio-el-primer-informe-oficial-sobre-el-patrimonio-de-los-sena-que-bienes-declararon/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Sin_nombre-20231105112123&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 June 2023 |title=El gobierno de Capitanich ratificó ante la Justicia que este año le transfirió más de $141 millones al clan Sena |url=https://www.infobae.com/judiciales/2023/06/30/el-gobierno-de-capitanich-ratifico-ante-la-justicia-que-este-ano-le-transfirio-mas-de-141-millones-al-clan-sena/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232754/https://www.infobae.com/judiciales/2023/06/30/el-gobierno-de-capitanich-ratifico-ante-la-justicia-que-este-ano-le-transfirio-mas-de-141-millones-al-clan-sena/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Detectaron que el clan Sena tiene registrados 15 vehículos dentro de su patrimonio |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232756/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, suna da babban darajar kuɗi da kadarori da yawa waɗanda a halin yanzu ke ƙarƙashin bincike don kauce wa kadarorin kuɗi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Caso Cecilia Strzyzowski: investigan a los Sena por lavado de activos luego de hallar $ 6.000.000 en su casa {{!}} Vía Resistencia |url=https://viapais.com.ar/resistencia/caso-cecilia-strzyzowski-investigan-a-los-sena-por-lavado-de-activos-luego-de-hallar-6000000-en-su-casa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708232748/https://viapais.com.ar/resistencia/caso-cecilia-strzyzowski-investigan-a-los-sena-por-lavado-de-activos-luego-de-hallar-6000000-en-su-casa/ |archive-date=2023-07-08 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Vía País |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga cikin kadarorinsa akwai yankuna biyu da ke cikin Colonia Benitez, kilomita 10 daga birnin Resistencia, wanda darajarsa ta kai dala dubu 130. A daya daga cikin wadannan makircin shine gidan iyali inda ake zaton kisan Cecilia Strzyzowski ya faru.&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot; /&gt;

Kasancewar Emerenciano Sena a matsayin shugaban zamantakewa ya faru ne a cikin '90s lokacin da ya kafa Movement of Unemployed Workers (MTD) tare da shugaban Ramón &quot;Tito&quot; López . Daga baya, bayan rushewar MTD, Emericano ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da {{Interlanguage link|Sergio Schoklender|es}} da Hebe na Bonafini, mai mallakar hadin gwiwar Sueños Compartidos, don gina gidaje a kan ƙasar da aka mamaye. Koyaya, saboda matsalolin shari'a da na kuɗi, aikin ya gaza. A cikin shekara ta 2020, gwamnatin ƙasa ta yanke shawarar canja wurin waɗannan ƙasashe zuwa gwamnatin Chaco, wanda daga baya ya canja su zuwa Emerenciano. A shekara ta 2009, an kirkiro Gidauniyar Saúl Andrés Acuña don aiwatar da ayyukan Emerenciano da Marcela Acuña . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Detectaron que el clan Sena tiene registrados 15 vehículos dentro de su patrimonio |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232756/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin Zaɓen lardin Argentina na shekarar 2023 a Chaco, Emerenciano Sena, Gustavo Obregón, Marcela Acuña da Fabiana Gonzáles sun kasance cikin jerin sunayen Jam'iyyar Socialists Party (PSU) a cikin jerin sunayensu na Frente de Todos . Emerciano da Gustavo za su kasance 'yan takara na wakilai, tare da Marcela Acuña a matsayin magajin gari da Fabian Gonzales a matsayin wakilin birnin Resistencia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Detectaron que el clan Sena tiene registrados 15 vehículos dentro de su patrimonio |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232756/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, saboda abin kunya da ya shafi bacewar da kuma ƙin yarda da jama'a, Chaco Front ta yanke shawarar soke aikace-aikacen don tsayawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 June 2023 |title=La desaparición de la nuera de un polémico piquetero de Chaco salpica la política y compromete las PASO del próximo domingo |url=https://www.infobae.com/politica/2023/06/12/la-desaparicion-de-la-nuera-de-un-polemico-piquetero-de-chaco-salpica-la-politica-y-compromete-las-paso-del-proximo-domingo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232756/https://www.infobae.com/politica/2023/06/12/la-desaparicion-de-la-nuera-de-un-polemico-piquetero-de-chaco-salpica-la-politica-y-compromete-las-paso-del-proximo-domingo/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani game da bacewar ==
A ranar 1 ga Yunin shekara ta 2023, Cecilia ta yi kiran bidiyo tare da mahaifiyarta Gloria Romero Ruwa ta gaya mata cewa za ta yi tafiya zuwa Ushuaia tare da abokin aikinta César Sena . Dalilin da aka bayyana shi ne don damar aiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 June 2023 |title=Un supuesto viaje, &quot;rasguños&quot; y su última charla por WhatsApp: paso a paso, cómo fue la misteriosa desaparición de Cecilia Strzyzowski |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618211810/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ |archive-date=2023-06-18 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt; Likitan ilimin halayyar Cecilia ya tabbatar da damar aiki a matsayin dalilin tafiyar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:31&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-07-12 |title=La psicóloga que atendía a Cecilia confirmó hechos de violencia y que César se medicaba |url=https://www.diarionorte.com/233819-la-psicologa-que-atendia-a-cecilia-confirmo-hechos-de-violencia-y-que-cesar-se-medicaba- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713110240/https://www.diarionorte.com/233819-la-psicologa-que-atendia-a-cecilia-confirmo-hechos-de-violencia-y-que-cesar-se-medicaba- |archive-date=2023-07-13 |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=Norte Chaco |language=es-AR}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.diarionorte.com/233819-la-psicologa-que-atendia-a-cecilia-confirmo-hechos-de-violencia-y-que-cesar-se-medicaba- &quot;La psicóloga que atendía a Cecilia confirmó hechos de violencia y que César se medicaba&quot;]. ''Norte Chaco'' (in Spanish). 12 July 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230713110240/https://www.diarionorte.com/233819-la-psicologa-que-atendia-a-cecilia-confirmo-hechos-de-violencia-y-que-cesar-se-medicaba- Archived] from the original on 13 July 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 July&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt; A wannan rana aka ga Cecilia ta bar gidan kawunta a Resistencia tare da César Sena. A wannan lokacin, tana sanye da sutura mai launin toka, jaket mai launin toka mai duhu, da takalma masu launin toka tare da cikakkun bayanai. Hakazalika, Sena ta ɗauki jakar jan baya mara amfani. A cewar wani dangi na Cecilia, ta firgita a wannan lokacin kuma lokacin da aka tambaye ta game da rashin kaya, ya amsa cewa zai &quot;saya tufafi a [[Buenos Aires]]&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-08 |title=Habló la abuela de Cecilia Strzyzowski, la última que vio a la joven: &quot;César subió su valija a la camioneta&quot; |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/640014-hablo-la-abuela-de-cecilia-strzyzowski-la-ultima-que-vio-a-la-joven-cesar-subio-su-valija-a-la-camioneta |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621183826/https://www.diariochaco.com/640014-hablo-la-abuela-de-cecilia-strzyzowski-la-ultima-que-vio-a-la-joven-cesar-subio-su-valija-a-la-camioneta |archive-date=2023-06-21 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin Resistencia matsakaicin zafin jiki a watan Yuni ya kasance 15 ° C kuma a Ushuaia ya kasance 2 ° C. A cewar mahaifiyarta ya kamata su ɗauki jirgin sama zuwa [[Buenos Aires]] daga Corrientes don yin tafiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:110&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=Desaparición de Cecilia: su familia vinculó las últimas horas con su pareja pero el entorno de Sena lo niega |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/639979-desaparicion-de-cecilia-su-familia-vinculo-las-ultimas-horas-con-su-pareja-pero-el-entorno-de-sena-lo-niega |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621124946/https://www.diariochaco.com/639979-desaparicion-de-cecilia-su-familia-vinculo-las-ultimas-horas-con-su-pareja-pero-el-entorno-de-sena-lo-niega |archive-date=2023-06-21 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

Strzyzowski da Sena sun bar tare a cikin fararen [[Toyota Hilux]] pickup truck. Koyaya, ba a bayyana ainihin cikakkun bayanai game da inda yake da kuma yanayin da ke kewaye da ɓacewarsa ba. A ranar 5 ga Yuni, mutane biyu da ba a san su ba da suna nuna kansu a matsayin jami'an bincike sun kusanci dangin Cecilia kuma sun ba da bayanai daga wani maƙwabci a unguwar Emerenciano wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa wani abu ya faru da ita.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=Desaparición de Cecilia: Su familia vinculó las últimas horas con su pareja pero el entorno de Sena lo niega |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/639979-desaparicion-de-cecilia-su-familia-vinculo-las-ultimas-horas-con-su-pareja-pero-el-entorno-de-sena-lo-niega |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.diariochaco.com/639979-desaparicion-de-cecilia-su-familia-vinculo-las-ultimas-horas-con-su-pareja-pero-el-entorno-de-sena-lo-niega &quot;Desaparición de Cecilia: Su familia vinculó las últimas horas con su pareja pero el entorno de Sena lo niega&quot;]. ''Diario Chaco'' (in Spanish). 7 June 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;21 June&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 July 2023 |title=Caso Cecilia Strzyzowski: el misterio de los visitantes anónimos que disparó la denuncia y que los investigadores no logran develar |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/06/caso-cecilia-strzyzowski-el-misterio-de-los-visitantes-anonimos-que-disparo-la-denuncia-y-que-los-investigadores-no-logran-develar/ |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 June 2023 |title=Un supuesto viaje, &quot;rasguños&quot; y su última charla por WhatsApp: paso a paso, cómo fue la misteriosa desaparición de Cecilia Strzyzowski |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618211810/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ |archive-date=2023-06-18 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ &quot;Un supuesto viaje, &quot;rasguños&quot; y su última charla por WhatsApp: paso a paso, cómo fue la misteriosa desaparición de Cecilia Strzyzowski&quot;]. ''infobae'' (in European Spanish). 14 June 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230618211810/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ Archived] from the original on 18 June 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;21 June&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yunkurin da iyalin suka yi na sadarwa da Cecilia ta tarho, sun sami saƙonnin da aka rubuta ne kawai a matsayin martani cewa an karya wayarta ta wayar salula. Bayan sun nemi saƙon murya, sun sami tsohuwar sauti, wanda ya haifar da ƙarin damuwa. Daga baya, mahaifiyar Cecilia Mercedes, ta yi magana da sakonni tare da César, wanda ya bayyana cewa tana Ushuaia tare da Cecilia, amma ya fita tare da ƙaunatacciyarta. Daga baya, an karya sadarwa gaba ɗaya kuma ba a sake yin hulɗa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:26&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cecilia Strzyzowski: el supuesto viaje a Ushuaia con trabajo y casa, clave para acusar a Sena y Acuña |url=https://www.ambito.com/informacion-general/cecilia-strzyzowski-el-supuesto-viaje-ushuaia-trabajo-y-casa-clave-acusar-sena-y-acuna-n5757824 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708232752/https://www.ambito.com/informacion-general/cecilia-strzyzowski-el-supuesto-viaje-ushuaia-trabajo-y-casa-clave-acusar-sena-y-acuna-n5757824 |archive-date=2023-07-08 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=www.ambito.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kashegari, kyamarar tsaro ta kama Cecilia ta shiga gidan Sena da karfe 9:15, to amma ba a rubuta tafiyarta ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 June 2023 |title=Un supuesto viaje, &quot;rasguños&quot; y su última charla por WhatsApp: paso a paso, cómo fue la misteriosa desaparición de Cecilia Strzyzowski |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618211810/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ |archive-date=2023-06-18 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ &quot;Un supuesto viaje, &quot;rasguños&quot; y su última charla por WhatsApp: paso a paso, cómo fue la misteriosa desaparición de Cecilia Strzyzowski&quot;]. ''infobae'' (in European Spanish). 14 June 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230618211810/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ Archived] from the original on 18 June 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;21 June&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-12 |title=La última vez que se vio a Cecilia fue entrando a la casa de los Sena |url=https://www.diarionorte.com/232429-la-ultima-vez-que-se-vio-a-cecilia-fue-entrando-a-la-casa-de-los-sena |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621124946/https://www.diarionorte.com/232429-la-ultima-vez-que-se-vio-a-cecilia-fue-entrando-a-la-casa-de-los-sena |archive-date=2023-06-21 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Norte Chaco |language=es-AR}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kunna siginar wayar Cecilia a karo na karshe a wani filin kusa da yankin Tres Horquetas kusa da Resistencia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Masu bincike ba su iya samun shaidar wanzuwar abin da ake zargi da tafiya ba, suna zargin cewa Sena ta yaudari Cecilia da mahaifiyarta, Gloria Romero, don aikata laifin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:26&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cecilia Strzyzowski: el supuesto viaje a Ushuaia con trabajo y casa, clave para acusar a Sena y Acuña |url=https://www.ambito.com/informacion-general/cecilia-strzyzowski-el-supuesto-viaje-ushuaia-trabajo-y-casa-clave-acusar-sena-y-acuna-n5757824 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708232752/https://www.ambito.com/informacion-general/cecilia-strzyzowski-el-supuesto-viaje-ushuaia-trabajo-y-casa-clave-acusar-sena-y-acuna-n5757824 |archive-date=2023-07-08 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=www.ambito.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ambito.com/informacion-general/cecilia-strzyzowski-el-supuesto-viaje-ushuaia-trabajo-y-casa-clave-acusar-sena-y-acuna-n5757824 &quot;Cecilia Strzyzowski: el supuesto viaje a Ushuaia con trabajo y casa, clave para acusar a Sena y Acuña&quot;]. ''www.ambito.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230708232752/https://www.ambito.com/informacion-general/cecilia-strzyzowski-el-supuesto-viaje-ushuaia-trabajo-y-casa-clave-acusar-sena-y-acuna-n5757824 Archived] from the original on 8 July 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;8 July&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Detectaron que el clan Sena tiene registrados 15 vehículos dentro de su patrimonio |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232756/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bincike ==
Tun daga ranar 6 ga Yuni, ranar da aka ruwaito bacewar, Ofishin Mai gabatar da kara nan da nan ya kunna yarjejeniyar neman mutane da kisan mata. Bugu da kari, ta shiga tsakani a cikin Sashen leken asiri na laifuka (Bincike don Masu Rashin Ko Sashen Masu Rashin), Sashen Bincike (Sashen Kisan kai da Kisan kai), Sashen bincike mai rikitarwa (Sashen Cybercrime), Yaki da Cinikin Dan Adam; Sashen Bishara mai rikitar da Rashin; Sashen Labarai; Yarjejeniyar 'Yan Sashen' yan sanda; Sashen Gudanarwa (Sashin Bincike). Har ila yau, buƙatun rahotanni masu dacewa daga haɗin ƙasa, kamfanonin tarho, [[WhatsApp]], [[Instagram]] da [[Fezbuk|Facebook]].

A ranar 8 ga Yuni, Tsarin Lardin Ma'aikatar Tsaro da Adalci na Chaco tare da Tsarin Binciken Mutum na Tarayya suna aiki don bincika Cecilia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:253&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-10 |title=Conmoción en Chaco: por un presunto femicidio detuvieron a una familia de piqueteros aliados de Jorge Capitanich |url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/conmocion-en-chaco-por-un-presunto-femicidio-detuvieron-a-una-familia-de-piqueteros-aliados-de-jorge-nid10062023/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704154821/https://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/conmocion-en-chaco-por-un-presunto-femicidio-detuvieron-a-una-familia-de-piqueteros-aliados-de-jorge-nid10062023/ |archive-date=2023-07-04 |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=LA NACIÓN |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; A bangarenta, Sakatariyar 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jima'i na lardin, Silvana Pérez, ta nemi a gudanar da binciken tare da hangen nesa na jinsi, ta aika da sanarwa ga Ma'aikatar Mata, Jima'a da Bambanci ta tarayya. An faɗakar da 'Yan sanda na Tarayyar Argentina,' 'Yan sanda na Tsaro na Filin Jirgin Sama, 'yan sanda ta kasa ta Argentina da kuma yankin Sojan Ruwa na Argentina, don a iya gudanar da sarrafawa a wuraren da ke kan hanya, filayen jirgin sama, tashar bas, iyakokin lardin da na kasa da kasa, don gano inda suke. A wannan rana, an nemi a buɗe wayar salula da aka sace ta Cecilia kuma an shigar da rahotanni da aka nema a cikin Telecom Personal da Flow.

A ranar 12 ga watan Yuni, ofishin mai gabatar da kara ya kirkiro wata takamaiman ƙungiyar masu gabatar da kara don bincika bacewar,  wanda ya kunshi Jorge Fernando Gómez da Nelia Velázquez. &lt;ref name=&quot;:172&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-13 |title=Caso Cecilia: 4 de los 7 detenidos comenzaron a declarar en la Fiscalía y serían acusados de homicidio agravado |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/640242-caso-cecilia-4-de-los-7-detenidos-comenzaron-a-declarar-en-la-fiscalia-y-serian-acusados-de-homicidio-agravado |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629212017/https://www.diariochaco.com/640242-caso-cecilia-4-de-los-7-detenidos-comenzaron-a-declarar-en-la-fiscalia-y-serian-acusados-de-homicidio-agravado |archive-date=2023-06-29 |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Binciken kisan mata ===
An kira César Sena don yin shaida a ranar 6 ga Yuni a kotu. Lokacin da ya isa, yana da gogewa a wuyansa, wani abu da kyamarorin 'yan jarida da ke rufe labarai suka kama.[undefined] Mai gabatar da kara ya ci gaba da cewa yanayin hannunsa zai dace da wani yunkuri ga wanda aka azabtar.[2] Bayan ya ba da shaida a matsayin shaida, masu gabatar da kara sun gano saɓani a cikin shaidarsa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa mai gabatar da kara Jorge Cáceres Olivera ya nemi ya bincika gidan Senas. Bayan binciken, 'yan sanda sun sami sautin nama, wuka, harsashi, tabo na jini da raguwar ƙashi. Kwanaki biyu bayan haka, Olivera ta nemi a rarraba bacewar Cecilia a matsayin kisan mata. Bugu da ƙari, ɗaya daga cikin ra'ayoyin da mai gabatar da kara ya goyi bayan shi ne cewa za a kunna wayar salula ta Cecilia a karo na ƙarshe a ɗayan gonakin alade a cikin gidan Sena.[1]￼

==Manazarta== 
{{Reflist}} 
[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tang Jun-sang</title>
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'''Tang Jun-sang''' (Korean; an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, 2003) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Koriya ta Kudu . Ya sami karbuwa saboda rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Crash Landing on You (2019-2020)  da kuma rawar da ya jagoranci a duka Move to Heaven (2021) da ''Racket Boys'' (2021).

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Tang a Seoul ga mahaifin Malaysian na kasar Sin da mahaifiyar Koriya ta Kudu, tare da Tang yana riƙe da ƴancin Koriya ta Koriya ta kudu bayan mahaifiyarsa.

Tang ya yi karatu a Ma'aikatar Wasanni da Fim ta Jami'ar Chung-Ang . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Tang ya fara bugawa a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo na Billy Elliot a shekara ta 2010 yana da shekaru 7, bayan haka ya ci gaba da wasa a cikin kiɗa kamar Eileigh Seabed, West Pyeonje, KinkyBoots da Assassin .

A cikin 2014, Tang ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a Pluto Secret Order a matsayin Lee Seo-jin kuma ya ci gaba da taka rawa a fina-finai da wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban.

Ya sami karbuwa saboda rawar da ya taka a matsayin Geum Eun Dong - wani matashi soja na Koriya ta Arewa a Crash Landing on You (2019-2020) wanda ya zama wasan kwaikwayo na tvN mafi girma da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na Koriya da aka fi sani da shi a tarihin talabijin na USB.

A cikin 2021, Tang ta fito a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen [[Netflix]] na asali Move to Heaven tana taka muhimmiyar rawa Han Geu-ru, saurayi mai cutar Asperger, tare da Lee Je-hoon .  A cikin wannan shekarar, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Racket Boys''  wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta Best Young Actor a 2021 SBS Drama Awards . &lt;ref name=&quot;2021SDA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jeong Hee-yeon |date=December 31, 2021 |script-title=ko:라켓소년단' 탕준상-이재인 청소년연기상 [SBS 연기대상] |trans-title='Racket Boys' Tang Jun-sang – Lee Jae-in Youth Acting Award [SBS Acting Awards] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=382&amp;aid=0000953968 |access-date=January 2, 2022 |publisher= |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==

=== Fim din ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bayani
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2016
|''Waƙar da za a tuna''
|Choon-sik
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2017
|''Zuwan''
|Ɗan yaro
|Gajeren fim
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2018
|''Shekaru Bakwai na Dare''
|Seo-won (matashi) 
|
|
|-
|''Youngju''
|Matasa
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2019
|''Ranar haihuwar''
|Woo-chan
|
|
|-
|''Wasiƙun Sarki''
|Hak-jo
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2020
|''Ɓarawo na keke''
|Ki-tae
|Gajeren fim
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2021
|''Ba a yi amfani da shi ba - Farin ciki mai launin shudi''| {{N/a}}
|Gajeren fim
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2022
|''A cikin Firayim Minista''
|Lee Tae-yeon
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=March 11, 2022 |script-title=ko:강말금X탕준상, '이상한 나라의 수학자' 깊이 더한 명품 배우 활약 |trans-title=Kang Mal-geum X Tang Jun-sang, 'Mathematician in Wonderland', a luxury actor with depth |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0003840503 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |publisher=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Godiya''
|Ɗan Ji-wan
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2024
|''Kwanakin Dog''
|Jin-woo
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kang Hyo-jin |date=October 26, 2021 |script-title=ko:[단독]탕준상, 영화 '도그 데이즈' 합류…윤여정과 호흡 |trans-title=[Exclusive] Junsang Tang joins the movie 'Dog Days'... Breathing with Yeojeong Yoon |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=477&amp;aid=0000325443 |access-date=October 26, 2021 |publisher=Spotv news |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=January 2, 2024 |script-title=ko:[공식] 윤여정X유해진 '도그데이즈' 2월 7일 개봉 확정..설날 극장 정조준 |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0004093819 |access-date=January 2, 2024 |website=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Shirin''
|Mutumin da ya yi wasa
|
|
|-
|''Ƙasar Al'ajabi''
|Choi Jin-gu
|
|
|}

=== Shirye-shiryen talabijin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bayani
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2014
|''Squad na Pluto''
|Lee Seo-jin
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2014
|''Dandelion mai tunani guda ɗaya''
|Seo Joon-ho (matashi) 
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2015
|''Kakarta''
|
|Ranar Yara ta Musamman
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2018
|''Waƙar da Rana''
|Kyu-min
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2019–2020
|''Kashewa a Kanka''
|Geum Eun-dong
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2021
|''Racket Boys''
|Yoon Hae-kang
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2025
|''Labaran Labarai''
|Sam-soo
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Oh Abokan ciniki na Ghost''
|Bo Sal (Buddha) 
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=March 11, 2022 |script-title=ko:강말금X탕준상, '이상한 나라의 수학자' 깊이 더한 명품 배우 활약 |trans-title=Kang Mal-geum X Tang Jun-sang, 'Mathematician in Wonderland', a luxury actor with depth |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0003840503 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |publisher=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Jerin yanar gizo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bayani
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!Turanci
!Koriya
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2021
|''Ka Ka Yi Komawa Sama''
|China ta kasance mai amfani da shi
|Han Geu-ru
|Jerin asali na Netflix
|
|}

== Mataki ==

=== Waƙoƙi ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
|+Ayyukan kiɗa
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!Turanci
!Koriya
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2010–2011
|''Billy Elliot''
|Shekaru da yawa
|Ɗan yaro
|Cibiyar Ayyuka ta LG
|Agusta 13 zuwa Fabrairu 27
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2011
|''Mozart''
|Rubuce-rubuce da wuri
|[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Amadeus Mozart]] (matashi) 
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Seongnam
|Mayu 24 zuwa Yuli 3
|
|-
|''Sarauniyar Ƙarshe''
|A cikin ƙanƙara
|Seiko
|Gidan zane-zane na Chungmu
|29 ga Oktoba zuwa 20 ga Nuwamba
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2012
|''Elizabeth das Musical''
|Ya fara farawa
|Rudolph (matashi) 
|Blue Square Samsung
|Fabrairu 8 zuwa Mayu 12
|
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwAYk&quot;&gt;Mozart&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Rubuce-rubuce da wuri
|[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Amadeus Mozart]] (matashi) 
|Cibiyar Sejong
|Mayu 24 zuwa Yuli 3
|
|-
|''Masu kisan kai''
|Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi
|Billy
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Doosan
|Nuwamba 20 zuwa Fabrairu 3
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2013
|''Masu Rashin Hakki''
|Rashin jituwa da juna
|Gavroche
|Blue Square Samsung
|Afrilu 6 zuwa Satumba 1
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2014
|''Seopyeonje''
|Yanayin Yanayi
|Dong-ho (matashi) 
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Duniya
|Maris 20 zuwa Mayu 11
|
|-
|''Kinky Boots''
|Ya kasance a cikin Yahaya
|Lola
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chungmu Medium Theater Black
|Disamba 2 zuwa Fabrairu 22
|
|}

=== Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
|+Jerin wasan kwaikwayo na mataki
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!Turanci
!Koriya
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2016
|''Yakin Wasanni na 6 - Hamlet the Play''
|Nazarin da ya yi daidai da haka, ya yi daidai
|Hamlet (matashi) 
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chungmu Medium Theater Black
|Agusta 2 - Oktoba 16
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bikin bayar da kyautar
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Sashe
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Wanda aka zaba / Aiki
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Sakamakon
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar APAN Star
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
|Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actor
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |''Ka Ka Yi Komawa Sama''&lt;br /&gt;''Racket Boys''| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Abinda ke cikin Asiya
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2021
|Sabon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo
|''Ka Ka Yi Komawa Sama''|{{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=March 11, 2022 |script-title=ko:강말금X탕준상, '이상한 나라의 수학자' 깊이 더한 명품 배우 활약 |trans-title=Kang Mal-geum X Tang Jun-sang, 'Mathematician in Wonderland', a luxury actor with depth |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0003840503 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |publisher=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Baeksang Arts
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
|Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor - Talabijin
|''Racket Boys''| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kang Hyo-jin |date=October 26, 2021 |script-title=ko:[단독]탕준상, 영화 '도그 데이즈' 합류…윤여정과 호흡 |trans-title=[Exclusive] Junsang Tang joins the movie 'Dog Days'... Breathing with Yeojeong Yoon |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=477&amp;aid=0000325443 |access-date=October 26, 2021 |publisher=Spotv news |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Fim ɗin Buil
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actor
|''Godiya''| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=January 2, 2024 |script-title=ko:[공식] 윤여정X유해진 '도그데이즈' 2월 7일 개봉 확정..설날 극장 정조준 |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0004093819 |access-date=January 2, 2024 |website=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Cinema 21
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2021
|Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor na Shekara
|Ka matsa zuwa Sama ''Racket Boys''&lt;br /&gt;| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kim Yeon-ju |date=April 23, 2024 |script-title=ko:강동원이 돌아온다...'설계자' 5월 29일 개봉 확정 |trans-title=Kang Dong-won returns...'The Designer' confirmed to be released on May 29th |url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/movie/article/213/0001293108 |access-date=April 23, 2024 |work=TV Report |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Fim ta Chunsa
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actor
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Godiya''| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Hong Bae-eum |date=June 1, 2024 |script-title=ko:탕준상-성병숙, 우리도 '원더랜드' 출연해요~(VIP시사회)[뉴스엔TV] |trans-title=Tang Jun-sang and Seong Byeong-sook, we will also appear in 'Wonderland'~ (VIP preview) [News &amp; TV] |url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/article/609/0000860402?cid=1073789 |access-date=April 23, 2024 |work=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Grand Bell
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar SBS Drama
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2021
|Mafi kyawun Matashi Mai Aiki
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |''Racket Boys''| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;2021SDA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jeong Hee-yeon |date=December 31, 2021 |script-title=ko:라켓소년단' 탕준상-이재인 청소년연기상 [SBS 연기대상] |trans-title='Racket Boys' Tang Jun-sang – Lee Jae-in Youth Acting Award [SBS Acting Awards] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=382&amp;aid=0000953968 |access-date=January 2, 2022 |publisher= |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJeong_Hee-yeon2021&quot;&gt;Jeong Hee-yeon (December 31, 2021). [https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=382&amp;aid=0000953968 &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ko&quot;&gt;라켓소년단' 탕준상-이재인 청소년연기상 &amp;#x5B;SBS 연기대상&amp;#x5D;&lt;/bdi&gt;] &amp;#x5B;'Racket Boys' Tang Jun-sang – Lee Jae-in Youth Acting Award [SBS Acting Awards]&amp;#x5D; (in Korean)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt; &amp;#x2013; via [[Naver]].&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 uses Korean-language script (ko)]]
[[Category:CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)]]&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2003]]</text>
      <sha1>2rnrei0msqgncfflyknj8g16udweiwo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893482</id>
      <parentid>893481</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:07:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893482</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15974" sha1="p8s50ahofopz0qxvqr9ohqjtt8rrrt3" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Tang Jun-sang''' (Korean; an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, 2003) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Koriya ta Kudu . Ya sami karbuwa saboda rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Crash Landing on You (2019-2020)  da kuma rawar da ya jagoranci a duka Move to Heaven (2021) da ''Racket Boys'' (2021).

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Tang a Seoul ga mahaifin Malaysian na kasar Sin da mahaifiyar Koriya ta Kudu, tare da Tang yana riƙe da ƴancin Koriya ta Koriya ta kudu bayan mahaifiyarsa.

Tang ya yi karatu a Ma'aikatar Wasanni da Fim ta Jami'ar Chung-Ang . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Tang ya kuma fara bugawa a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo na Billy Elliot a shekara ta 2010 yana da shekaru 7, bayan haka ya ci gaba da wasa a cikin kiɗa kamar Eileigh Seabed, West Pyeonje, KinkyBoots da Assassin .

A cikin 2014, Tang ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a Pluto Secret Order a matsayin Lee Seo-jin kuma ya ci gaba da taka rawa a fina-finai da wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban.

Ya sami karbuwa saboda rawar da ya taka a matsayin Geum Eun Dong - wani matashi soja na Koriya ta Arewa a Crash Landing on You (2019-2020) wanda ya zama wasan kwaikwayo na tvN mafi girma da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na Koriya da aka fi sani da shi a tarihin talabijin na USB.

A cikin 2021, Tang ta fito a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen [[Netflix]] na asali Move to Heaven tana taka muhimmiyar rawa Han Geu-ru, saurayi mai cutar Asperger, tare da Lee Je-hoon .  A cikin wannan shekarar, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Racket Boys''  wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta Best Young Actor a 2021 SBS Drama Awards . &lt;ref name=&quot;2021SDA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jeong Hee-yeon |date=December 31, 2021 |script-title=ko:라켓소년단' 탕준상-이재인 청소년연기상 [SBS 연기대상] |trans-title='Racket Boys' Tang Jun-sang – Lee Jae-in Youth Acting Award [SBS Acting Awards] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=382&amp;aid=0000953968 |access-date=January 2, 2022 |publisher= |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==

=== Fim din ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bayani
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2016
|''Waƙar da za a tuna''
|Choon-sik
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2017
|''Zuwan''
|Ɗan yaro
|Gajeren fim
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2018
|''Shekaru Bakwai na Dare''
|Seo-won (matashi) 
|
|
|-
|''Youngju''
|Matasa
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2019
|''Ranar haihuwar''
|Woo-chan
|
|
|-
|''Wasiƙun Sarki''
|Hak-jo
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2020
|''Ɓarawo na keke''
|Ki-tae
|Gajeren fim
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2021
|''Ba a yi amfani da shi ba - Farin ciki mai launin shudi''| {{N/a}}
|Gajeren fim
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2022
|''A cikin Firayim Minista''
|Lee Tae-yeon
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=March 11, 2022 |script-title=ko:강말금X탕준상, '이상한 나라의 수학자' 깊이 더한 명품 배우 활약 |trans-title=Kang Mal-geum X Tang Jun-sang, 'Mathematician in Wonderland', a luxury actor with depth |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0003840503 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |publisher=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Godiya''
|Ɗan Ji-wan
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2024
|''Kwanakin Dog''
|Jin-woo
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kang Hyo-jin |date=October 26, 2021 |script-title=ko:[단독]탕준상, 영화 '도그 데이즈' 합류…윤여정과 호흡 |trans-title=[Exclusive] Junsang Tang joins the movie 'Dog Days'... Breathing with Yeojeong Yoon |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=477&amp;aid=0000325443 |access-date=October 26, 2021 |publisher=Spotv news |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=January 2, 2024 |script-title=ko:[공식] 윤여정X유해진 '도그데이즈' 2월 7일 개봉 확정..설날 극장 정조준 |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0004093819 |access-date=January 2, 2024 |website=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Shirin''
|Mutumin da ya yi wasa
|
|
|-
|''Ƙasar Al'ajabi''
|Choi Jin-gu
|
|
|}

=== Shirye-shiryen talabijin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bayani
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2014
|''Squad na Pluto''
|Lee Seo-jin
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2014
|''Dandelion mai tunani guda ɗaya''
|Seo Joon-ho (matashi) 
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2015
|''Kakarta''
|
|Ranar Yara ta Musamman
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2018
|''Waƙar da Rana''
|Kyu-min
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2019–2020
|''Kashewa a Kanka''
|Geum Eun-dong
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2021
|''Racket Boys''
|Yoon Hae-kang
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2025
|''Labaran Labarai''
|Sam-soo
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Oh Abokan ciniki na Ghost''
|Bo Sal (Buddha) 
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=March 11, 2022 |script-title=ko:강말금X탕준상, '이상한 나라의 수학자' 깊이 더한 명품 배우 활약 |trans-title=Kang Mal-geum X Tang Jun-sang, 'Mathematician in Wonderland', a luxury actor with depth |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0003840503 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |publisher=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Jerin yanar gizo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bayani
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!Turanci
!Koriya
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2021
|''Ka Ka Yi Komawa Sama''
|China ta kasance mai amfani da shi
|Han Geu-ru
|Jerin asali na Netflix
|
|}

== Mataki ==

=== Waƙoƙi ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
|+Ayyukan kiɗa
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!Turanci
!Koriya
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2010–2011
|''Billy Elliot''
|Shekaru da yawa
|Ɗan yaro
|Cibiyar Ayyuka ta LG
|Agusta 13 zuwa Fabrairu 27
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2011
|''Mozart''
|Rubuce-rubuce da wuri
|[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Amadeus Mozart]] (matashi) 
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Seongnam
|Mayu 24 zuwa Yuli 3
|
|-
|''Sarauniyar Ƙarshe''
|A cikin ƙanƙara
|Seiko
|Gidan zane-zane na Chungmu
|29 ga Oktoba zuwa 20 ga Nuwamba
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2012
|''Elizabeth das Musical''
|Ya fara farawa
|Rudolph (matashi) 
|Blue Square Samsung
|Fabrairu 8 zuwa Mayu 12
|
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwAYk&quot;&gt;Mozart&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Rubuce-rubuce da wuri
|[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Amadeus Mozart]] (matashi) 
|Cibiyar Sejong
|Mayu 24 zuwa Yuli 3
|
|-
|''Masu kisan kai''
|Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi
|Billy
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Doosan
|Nuwamba 20 zuwa Fabrairu 3
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2013
|''Masu Rashin Hakki''
|Rashin jituwa da juna
|Gavroche
|Blue Square Samsung
|Afrilu 6 zuwa Satumba 1
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2014
|''Seopyeonje''
|Yanayin Yanayi
|Dong-ho (matashi) 
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Duniya
|Maris 20 zuwa Mayu 11
|
|-
|''Kinky Boots''
|Ya kasance a cikin Yahaya
|Lola
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chungmu Medium Theater Black
|Disamba 2 zuwa Fabrairu 22
|
|}

=== Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
|+Jerin wasan kwaikwayo na mataki
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!Turanci
!Koriya
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2016
|''Yakin Wasanni na 6 - Hamlet the Play''
|Nazarin da ya yi daidai da haka, ya yi daidai
|Hamlet (matashi) 
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chungmu Medium Theater Black
|Agusta 2 - Oktoba 16
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bikin bayar da kyautar
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Sashe
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Wanda aka zaba / Aiki
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Sakamakon
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar APAN Star
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
|Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actor
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |''Ka Ka Yi Komawa Sama''&lt;br /&gt;''Racket Boys''| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Abinda ke cikin Asiya
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2021
|Sabon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo
|''Ka Ka Yi Komawa Sama''|{{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=March 11, 2022 |script-title=ko:강말금X탕준상, '이상한 나라의 수학자' 깊이 더한 명품 배우 활약 |trans-title=Kang Mal-geum X Tang Jun-sang, 'Mathematician in Wonderland', a luxury actor with depth |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0003840503 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |publisher=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Baeksang Arts
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
|Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor - Talabijin
|''Racket Boys''| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kang Hyo-jin |date=October 26, 2021 |script-title=ko:[단독]탕준상, 영화 '도그 데이즈' 합류…윤여정과 호흡 |trans-title=[Exclusive] Junsang Tang joins the movie 'Dog Days'... Breathing with Yeojeong Yoon |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=477&amp;aid=0000325443 |access-date=October 26, 2021 |publisher=Spotv news |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Fim ɗin Buil
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actor
|''Godiya''| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=January 2, 2024 |script-title=ko:[공식] 윤여정X유해진 '도그데이즈' 2월 7일 개봉 확정..설날 극장 정조준 |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0004093819 |access-date=January 2, 2024 |website=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Cinema 21
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2021
|Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor na Shekara
|Ka matsa zuwa Sama ''Racket Boys''&lt;br /&gt;| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kim Yeon-ju |date=April 23, 2024 |script-title=ko:강동원이 돌아온다...'설계자' 5월 29일 개봉 확정 |trans-title=Kang Dong-won returns...'The Designer' confirmed to be released on May 29th |url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/movie/article/213/0001293108 |access-date=April 23, 2024 |work=TV Report |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Fim ta Chunsa
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actor
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Godiya''| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Hong Bae-eum |date=June 1, 2024 |script-title=ko:탕준상-성병숙, 우리도 '원더랜드' 출연해요~(VIP시사회)[뉴스엔TV] |trans-title=Tang Jun-sang and Seong Byeong-sook, we will also appear in 'Wonderland'~ (VIP preview) [News &amp; TV] |url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/article/609/0000860402?cid=1073789 |access-date=April 23, 2024 |work=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Grand Bell
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar SBS Drama
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2021
|Mafi kyawun Matashi Mai Aiki
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |''Racket Boys''| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;2021SDA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jeong Hee-yeon |date=December 31, 2021 |script-title=ko:라켓소년단' 탕준상-이재인 청소년연기상 [SBS 연기대상] |trans-title='Racket Boys' Tang Jun-sang – Lee Jae-in Youth Acting Award [SBS Acting Awards] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=382&amp;aid=0000953968 |access-date=January 2, 2022 |publisher= |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJeong_Hee-yeon2021&quot;&gt;Jeong Hee-yeon (December 31, 2021). [https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=382&amp;aid=0000953968 &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ko&quot;&gt;라켓소년단' 탕준상-이재인 청소년연기상 &amp;#x5B;SBS 연기대상&amp;#x5D;&lt;/bdi&gt;] &amp;#x5B;'Racket Boys' Tang Jun-sang – Lee Jae-in Youth Acting Award [SBS Acting Awards]&amp;#x5D; (in Korean)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt; &amp;#x2013; via [[Naver]].&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 uses Korean-language script (ko)]]
[[Category:CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)]]&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2003]]</text>
      <sha1>p8s50ahofopz0qxvqr9ohqjtt8rrrt3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893483</id>
      <parentid>893482</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:07:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15983" sha1="3t6z5tl3tpgfsbxw265iun0wkfauh1b" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Tang Jun-sang''' (Korean; an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, 2003) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Koriya ta Kudu . Ya sami karbuwa saboda rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Crash Landing on You (2019-2020)  da kuma rawar da ya jagoranci a duka Move to Heaven (2021) da ''Racket Boys'' (2021).

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Tang a Seoul ga mahaifin Malaysian na kasar Sin da mahaifiyar Koriya ta Kudu, tare da Tang yana riƙe da ƴancin Koriya ta Koriya ta kudu bayan mahaifiyarsa.

Tang ya yi karatu a Ma'aikatar Wasanni da Fim ta Jami'ar Chung-Ang . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Tang ya kuma fara bugawa a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo na Billy Elliot a shekara ta 2010 yana da shekaru 7, bayan haka ya ci gaba da wasa a cikin kiɗa kamar Eileigh Seabed, West Pyeonje, KinkyBoots da Assassin .

A cikin shekarar 2014, Tang ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a Pluto Secret Order a matsayin Lee Seo-jin kuma ya ci gaba da taka rawa a fina-finai da wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban.

Ya sami karbuwa saboda rawar da ya taka a matsayin Geum Eun Dong - wani matashi soja na Koriya ta Arewa a Crash Landing on You (2019-2020) wanda ya zama wasan kwaikwayo na tvN mafi girma da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na Koriya da aka fi sani da shi a tarihin talabijin na USB.

A cikin 2021, Tang ta fito a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen [[Netflix]] na asali Move to Heaven tana taka muhimmiyar rawa Han Geu-ru, saurayi mai cutar Asperger, tare da Lee Je-hoon .  A cikin wannan shekarar, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Racket Boys''  wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta Best Young Actor a 2021 SBS Drama Awards . &lt;ref name=&quot;2021SDA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jeong Hee-yeon |date=December 31, 2021 |script-title=ko:라켓소년단' 탕준상-이재인 청소년연기상 [SBS 연기대상] |trans-title='Racket Boys' Tang Jun-sang – Lee Jae-in Youth Acting Award [SBS Acting Awards] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=382&amp;aid=0000953968 |access-date=January 2, 2022 |publisher= |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==

=== Fim din ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bayani
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2016
|''Waƙar da za a tuna''
|Choon-sik
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2017
|''Zuwan''
|Ɗan yaro
|Gajeren fim
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2018
|''Shekaru Bakwai na Dare''
|Seo-won (matashi) 
|
|
|-
|''Youngju''
|Matasa
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2019
|''Ranar haihuwar''
|Woo-chan
|
|
|-
|''Wasiƙun Sarki''
|Hak-jo
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2020
|''Ɓarawo na keke''
|Ki-tae
|Gajeren fim
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2021
|''Ba a yi amfani da shi ba - Farin ciki mai launin shudi''| {{N/a}}
|Gajeren fim
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2022
|''A cikin Firayim Minista''
|Lee Tae-yeon
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=March 11, 2022 |script-title=ko:강말금X탕준상, '이상한 나라의 수학자' 깊이 더한 명품 배우 활약 |trans-title=Kang Mal-geum X Tang Jun-sang, 'Mathematician in Wonderland', a luxury actor with depth |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0003840503 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |publisher=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Godiya''
|Ɗan Ji-wan
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2024
|''Kwanakin Dog''
|Jin-woo
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kang Hyo-jin |date=October 26, 2021 |script-title=ko:[단독]탕준상, 영화 '도그 데이즈' 합류…윤여정과 호흡 |trans-title=[Exclusive] Junsang Tang joins the movie 'Dog Days'... Breathing with Yeojeong Yoon |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=477&amp;aid=0000325443 |access-date=October 26, 2021 |publisher=Spotv news |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=January 2, 2024 |script-title=ko:[공식] 윤여정X유해진 '도그데이즈' 2월 7일 개봉 확정..설날 극장 정조준 |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0004093819 |access-date=January 2, 2024 |website=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Shirin''
|Mutumin da ya yi wasa
|
|
|-
|''Ƙasar Al'ajabi''
|Choi Jin-gu
|
|
|}

=== Shirye-shiryen talabijin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bayani
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2014
|''Squad na Pluto''
|Lee Seo-jin
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2014
|''Dandelion mai tunani guda ɗaya''
|Seo Joon-ho (matashi) 
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2015
|''Kakarta''
|
|Ranar Yara ta Musamman
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2018
|''Waƙar da Rana''
|Kyu-min
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2019–2020
|''Kashewa a Kanka''
|Geum Eun-dong
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2021
|''Racket Boys''
|Yoon Hae-kang
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2025
|''Labaran Labarai''
|Sam-soo
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Oh Abokan ciniki na Ghost''
|Bo Sal (Buddha) 
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=March 11, 2022 |script-title=ko:강말금X탕준상, '이상한 나라의 수학자' 깊이 더한 명품 배우 활약 |trans-title=Kang Mal-geum X Tang Jun-sang, 'Mathematician in Wonderland', a luxury actor with depth |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0003840503 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |publisher=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Jerin yanar gizo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bayani
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!Turanci
!Koriya
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2021
|''Ka Ka Yi Komawa Sama''
|China ta kasance mai amfani da shi
|Han Geu-ru
|Jerin asali na Netflix
|
|}

== Mataki ==

=== Waƙoƙi ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
|+Ayyukan kiɗa
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!Turanci
!Koriya
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2010–2011
|''Billy Elliot''
|Shekaru da yawa
|Ɗan yaro
|Cibiyar Ayyuka ta LG
|Agusta 13 zuwa Fabrairu 27
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2011
|''Mozart''
|Rubuce-rubuce da wuri
|[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Amadeus Mozart]] (matashi) 
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Seongnam
|Mayu 24 zuwa Yuli 3
|
|-
|''Sarauniyar Ƙarshe''
|A cikin ƙanƙara
|Seiko
|Gidan zane-zane na Chungmu
|29 ga Oktoba zuwa 20 ga Nuwamba
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2012
|''Elizabeth das Musical''
|Ya fara farawa
|Rudolph (matashi) 
|Blue Square Samsung
|Fabrairu 8 zuwa Mayu 12
|
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwAYk&quot;&gt;Mozart&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Rubuce-rubuce da wuri
|[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Amadeus Mozart]] (matashi) 
|Cibiyar Sejong
|Mayu 24 zuwa Yuli 3
|
|-
|''Masu kisan kai''
|Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi
|Billy
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Doosan
|Nuwamba 20 zuwa Fabrairu 3
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2013
|''Masu Rashin Hakki''
|Rashin jituwa da juna
|Gavroche
|Blue Square Samsung
|Afrilu 6 zuwa Satumba 1
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2014
|''Seopyeonje''
|Yanayin Yanayi
|Dong-ho (matashi) 
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Duniya
|Maris 20 zuwa Mayu 11
|
|-
|''Kinky Boots''
|Ya kasance a cikin Yahaya
|Lola
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chungmu Medium Theater Black
|Disamba 2 zuwa Fabrairu 22
|
|}

=== Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
|+Jerin wasan kwaikwayo na mataki
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!Turanci
!Koriya
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2016
|''Yakin Wasanni na 6 - Hamlet the Play''
|Nazarin da ya yi daidai da haka, ya yi daidai
|Hamlet (matashi) 
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chungmu Medium Theater Black
|Agusta 2 - Oktoba 16
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bikin bayar da kyautar
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Sashe
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Wanda aka zaba / Aiki
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Sakamakon
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar APAN Star
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
|Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actor
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |''Ka Ka Yi Komawa Sama''&lt;br /&gt;''Racket Boys''| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Abinda ke cikin Asiya
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2021
|Sabon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo
|''Ka Ka Yi Komawa Sama''|{{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=March 11, 2022 |script-title=ko:강말금X탕준상, '이상한 나라의 수학자' 깊이 더한 명품 배우 활약 |trans-title=Kang Mal-geum X Tang Jun-sang, 'Mathematician in Wonderland', a luxury actor with depth |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0003840503 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |publisher=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Baeksang Arts
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
|Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor - Talabijin
|''Racket Boys''| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kang Hyo-jin |date=October 26, 2021 |script-title=ko:[단독]탕준상, 영화 '도그 데이즈' 합류…윤여정과 호흡 |trans-title=[Exclusive] Junsang Tang joins the movie 'Dog Days'... Breathing with Yeojeong Yoon |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=477&amp;aid=0000325443 |access-date=October 26, 2021 |publisher=Spotv news |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Fim ɗin Buil
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actor
|''Godiya''| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=January 2, 2024 |script-title=ko:[공식] 윤여정X유해진 '도그데이즈' 2월 7일 개봉 확정..설날 극장 정조준 |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0004093819 |access-date=January 2, 2024 |website=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Cinema 21
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2021
|Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor na Shekara
|Ka matsa zuwa Sama ''Racket Boys''&lt;br /&gt;| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kim Yeon-ju |date=April 23, 2024 |script-title=ko:강동원이 돌아온다...'설계자' 5월 29일 개봉 확정 |trans-title=Kang Dong-won returns...'The Designer' confirmed to be released on May 29th |url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/movie/article/213/0001293108 |access-date=April 23, 2024 |work=TV Report |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Fim ta Chunsa
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actor
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Godiya''| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Hong Bae-eum |date=June 1, 2024 |script-title=ko:탕준상-성병숙, 우리도 '원더랜드' 출연해요~(VIP시사회)[뉴스엔TV] |trans-title=Tang Jun-sang and Seong Byeong-sook, we will also appear in 'Wonderland'~ (VIP preview) [News &amp; TV] |url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/article/609/0000860402?cid=1073789 |access-date=April 23, 2024 |work=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Grand Bell
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar SBS Drama
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2021
|Mafi kyawun Matashi Mai Aiki
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |''Racket Boys''| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;2021SDA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jeong Hee-yeon |date=December 31, 2021 |script-title=ko:라켓소년단' 탕준상-이재인 청소년연기상 [SBS 연기대상] |trans-title='Racket Boys' Tang Jun-sang – Lee Jae-in Youth Acting Award [SBS Acting Awards] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=382&amp;aid=0000953968 |access-date=January 2, 2022 |publisher= |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJeong_Hee-yeon2021&quot;&gt;Jeong Hee-yeon (December 31, 2021). [https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=382&amp;aid=0000953968 &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ko&quot;&gt;라켓소년단' 탕준상-이재인 청소년연기상 &amp;#x5B;SBS 연기대상&amp;#x5D;&lt;/bdi&gt;] &amp;#x5B;'Racket Boys' Tang Jun-sang – Lee Jae-in Youth Acting Award [SBS Acting Awards]&amp;#x5D; (in Korean)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt; &amp;#x2013; via [[Naver]].&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 uses Korean-language script (ko)]]
[[Category:CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)]]&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2003]]</text>
      <sha1>3t6z5tl3tpgfsbxw265iun0wkfauh1b</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893484</id>
      <parentid>893483</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:07:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893484</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15992" sha1="eatkkgrz00psct9mqq7ycvmz1ckjerv" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Tang Jun-sang''' (Korean; an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, 2003) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Koriya ta Kudu . Ya sami karbuwa saboda rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Crash Landing on You (2019-2020)  da kuma rawar da ya jagoranci a duka Move to Heaven (2021) da ''Racket Boys'' (2021).

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Tang a Seoul ga mahaifin Malaysian na kasar Sin da mahaifiyar Koriya ta Kudu, tare da Tang yana riƙe da ƴancin Koriya ta Koriya ta kudu bayan mahaifiyarsa.

Tang ya yi karatu a Ma'aikatar Wasanni da Fim ta Jami'ar Chung-Ang . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Tang ya kuma fara bugawa a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo na Billy Elliot a shekara ta 2010 yana da shekaru 7, bayan haka ya ci gaba da wasa a cikin kiɗa kamar Eileigh Seabed, West Pyeonje, KinkyBoots da Assassin .

A cikin shekarar 2014, Tang ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a Pluto Secret Order a matsayin Lee Seo-jin kuma ya ci gaba da taka rawa a fina-finai da wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban.

Ya sami karbuwa saboda rawar da ya taka a matsayin Geum Eun Dong - wani matashi soja na Koriya ta Arewa a Crash Landing on You (2019-2020) wanda ya zama wasan kwaikwayo na tvN mafi girma da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na Koriya da aka fi sani da shi a tarihin talabijin na USB.

A cikin shekarar 2021, Tang ta fito a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen [[Netflix]] na asali Move to Heaven tana taka muhimmiyar rawa Han Geu-ru, saurayi mai cutar Asperger, tare da Lee Je-hoon .  A cikin wannan shekarar, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Racket Boys''  wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta Best Young Actor a 2021 SBS Drama Awards . &lt;ref name=&quot;2021SDA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jeong Hee-yeon |date=December 31, 2021 |script-title=ko:라켓소년단' 탕준상-이재인 청소년연기상 [SBS 연기대상] |trans-title='Racket Boys' Tang Jun-sang – Lee Jae-in Youth Acting Award [SBS Acting Awards] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=382&amp;aid=0000953968 |access-date=January 2, 2022 |publisher= |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==

=== Fim din ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bayani
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2016
|''Waƙar da za a tuna''
|Choon-sik
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2017
|''Zuwan''
|Ɗan yaro
|Gajeren fim
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2018
|''Shekaru Bakwai na Dare''
|Seo-won (matashi) 
|
|
|-
|''Youngju''
|Matasa
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2019
|''Ranar haihuwar''
|Woo-chan
|
|
|-
|''Wasiƙun Sarki''
|Hak-jo
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2020
|''Ɓarawo na keke''
|Ki-tae
|Gajeren fim
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2021
|''Ba a yi amfani da shi ba - Farin ciki mai launin shudi''| {{N/a}}
|Gajeren fim
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2022
|''A cikin Firayim Minista''
|Lee Tae-yeon
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=March 11, 2022 |script-title=ko:강말금X탕준상, '이상한 나라의 수학자' 깊이 더한 명품 배우 활약 |trans-title=Kang Mal-geum X Tang Jun-sang, 'Mathematician in Wonderland', a luxury actor with depth |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0003840503 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |publisher=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Godiya''
|Ɗan Ji-wan
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2024
|''Kwanakin Dog''
|Jin-woo
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kang Hyo-jin |date=October 26, 2021 |script-title=ko:[단독]탕준상, 영화 '도그 데이즈' 합류…윤여정과 호흡 |trans-title=[Exclusive] Junsang Tang joins the movie 'Dog Days'... Breathing with Yeojeong Yoon |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=477&amp;aid=0000325443 |access-date=October 26, 2021 |publisher=Spotv news |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=January 2, 2024 |script-title=ko:[공식] 윤여정X유해진 '도그데이즈' 2월 7일 개봉 확정..설날 극장 정조준 |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0004093819 |access-date=January 2, 2024 |website=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Shirin''
|Mutumin da ya yi wasa
|
|
|-
|''Ƙasar Al'ajabi''
|Choi Jin-gu
|
|
|}

=== Shirye-shiryen talabijin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bayani
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2014
|''Squad na Pluto''
|Lee Seo-jin
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2014
|''Dandelion mai tunani guda ɗaya''
|Seo Joon-ho (matashi) 
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2015
|''Kakarta''
|
|Ranar Yara ta Musamman
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2018
|''Waƙar da Rana''
|Kyu-min
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2019–2020
|''Kashewa a Kanka''
|Geum Eun-dong
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2021
|''Racket Boys''
|Yoon Hae-kang
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2025
|''Labaran Labarai''
|Sam-soo
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Oh Abokan ciniki na Ghost''
|Bo Sal (Buddha) 
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=March 11, 2022 |script-title=ko:강말금X탕준상, '이상한 나라의 수학자' 깊이 더한 명품 배우 활약 |trans-title=Kang Mal-geum X Tang Jun-sang, 'Mathematician in Wonderland', a luxury actor with depth |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0003840503 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |publisher=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Jerin yanar gizo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bayani
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!Turanci
!Koriya
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2021
|''Ka Ka Yi Komawa Sama''
|China ta kasance mai amfani da shi
|Han Geu-ru
|Jerin asali na Netflix
|
|}

== Mataki ==

=== Waƙoƙi ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
|+Ayyukan kiɗa
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!Turanci
!Koriya
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2010–2011
|''Billy Elliot''
|Shekaru da yawa
|Ɗan yaro
|Cibiyar Ayyuka ta LG
|Agusta 13 zuwa Fabrairu 27
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2011
|''Mozart''
|Rubuce-rubuce da wuri
|[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Amadeus Mozart]] (matashi) 
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Seongnam
|Mayu 24 zuwa Yuli 3
|
|-
|''Sarauniyar Ƙarshe''
|A cikin ƙanƙara
|Seiko
|Gidan zane-zane na Chungmu
|29 ga Oktoba zuwa 20 ga Nuwamba
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2012
|''Elizabeth das Musical''
|Ya fara farawa
|Rudolph (matashi) 
|Blue Square Samsung
|Fabrairu 8 zuwa Mayu 12
|
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwAYk&quot;&gt;Mozart&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Rubuce-rubuce da wuri
|[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Amadeus Mozart]] (matashi) 
|Cibiyar Sejong
|Mayu 24 zuwa Yuli 3
|
|-
|''Masu kisan kai''
|Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi
|Billy
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Doosan
|Nuwamba 20 zuwa Fabrairu 3
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2013
|''Masu Rashin Hakki''
|Rashin jituwa da juna
|Gavroche
|Blue Square Samsung
|Afrilu 6 zuwa Satumba 1
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2014
|''Seopyeonje''
|Yanayin Yanayi
|Dong-ho (matashi) 
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Duniya
|Maris 20 zuwa Mayu 11
|
|-
|''Kinky Boots''
|Ya kasance a cikin Yahaya
|Lola
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chungmu Medium Theater Black
|Disamba 2 zuwa Fabrairu 22
|
|}

=== Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
|+Jerin wasan kwaikwayo na mataki
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!Turanci
!Koriya
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2016
|''Yakin Wasanni na 6 - Hamlet the Play''
|Nazarin da ya yi daidai da haka, ya yi daidai
|Hamlet (matashi) 
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chungmu Medium Theater Black
|Agusta 2 - Oktoba 16
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bikin bayar da kyautar
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Sashe
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Wanda aka zaba / Aiki
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Sakamakon
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar APAN Star
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
|Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actor
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |''Ka Ka Yi Komawa Sama''&lt;br /&gt;''Racket Boys''| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Abinda ke cikin Asiya
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2021
|Sabon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo
|''Ka Ka Yi Komawa Sama''|{{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=March 11, 2022 |script-title=ko:강말금X탕준상, '이상한 나라의 수학자' 깊이 더한 명품 배우 활약 |trans-title=Kang Mal-geum X Tang Jun-sang, 'Mathematician in Wonderland', a luxury actor with depth |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0003840503 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |publisher=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Baeksang Arts
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
|Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor - Talabijin
|''Racket Boys''| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kang Hyo-jin |date=October 26, 2021 |script-title=ko:[단독]탕준상, 영화 '도그 데이즈' 합류…윤여정과 호흡 |trans-title=[Exclusive] Junsang Tang joins the movie 'Dog Days'... Breathing with Yeojeong Yoon |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=477&amp;aid=0000325443 |access-date=October 26, 2021 |publisher=Spotv news |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Fim ɗin Buil
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actor
|''Godiya''| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=January 2, 2024 |script-title=ko:[공식] 윤여정X유해진 '도그데이즈' 2월 7일 개봉 확정..설날 극장 정조준 |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0004093819 |access-date=January 2, 2024 |website=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Cinema 21
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2021
|Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor na Shekara
|Ka matsa zuwa Sama ''Racket Boys''&lt;br /&gt;| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kim Yeon-ju |date=April 23, 2024 |script-title=ko:강동원이 돌아온다...'설계자' 5월 29일 개봉 확정 |trans-title=Kang Dong-won returns...'The Designer' confirmed to be released on May 29th |url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/movie/article/213/0001293108 |access-date=April 23, 2024 |work=TV Report |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Fim ta Chunsa
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actor
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Godiya''| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Hong Bae-eum |date=June 1, 2024 |script-title=ko:탕준상-성병숙, 우리도 '원더랜드' 출연해요~(VIP시사회)[뉴스엔TV] |trans-title=Tang Jun-sang and Seong Byeong-sook, we will also appear in 'Wonderland'~ (VIP preview) [News &amp; TV] |url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/article/609/0000860402?cid=1073789 |access-date=April 23, 2024 |work=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Grand Bell
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar SBS Drama
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2021
|Mafi kyawun Matashi Mai Aiki
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |''Racket Boys''| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;2021SDA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jeong Hee-yeon |date=December 31, 2021 |script-title=ko:라켓소년단' 탕준상-이재인 청소년연기상 [SBS 연기대상] |trans-title='Racket Boys' Tang Jun-sang – Lee Jae-in Youth Acting Award [SBS Acting Awards] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=382&amp;aid=0000953968 |access-date=January 2, 2022 |publisher= |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJeong_Hee-yeon2021&quot;&gt;Jeong Hee-yeon (December 31, 2021). [https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=382&amp;aid=0000953968 &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ko&quot;&gt;라켓소년단' 탕준상-이재인 청소년연기상 &amp;#x5B;SBS 연기대상&amp;#x5D;&lt;/bdi&gt;] &amp;#x5B;'Racket Boys' Tang Jun-sang – Lee Jae-in Youth Acting Award [SBS Acting Awards]&amp;#x5D; (in Korean)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt; &amp;#x2013; via [[Naver]].&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 uses Korean-language script (ko)]]
[[Category:CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)]]&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2003]]</text>
      <sha1>eatkkgrz00psct9mqq7ycvmz1ckjerv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893485</id>
      <parentid>893484</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:08:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893485</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15993" sha1="lcjqp8adftlpo4sq5lq4he4ruspryee" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Tang Jun-sang''' (Korean; an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, 2003) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Koriya ta Kudu . Ya sami karbuwa saboda rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Crash Landing on You (2019-2020)  da kuma rawar da ya jagoranci a duka Move to Heaven (2021) da ''Racket Boys'' (2021).

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Tang a Seoul ga mahaifin Malaysian na kasar Sin da mahaifiyar Koriya ta Kudu, tare da Tang yana riƙe da ƴancin Koriya ta Koriya ta kudu bayan mahaifiyarsa.

Tang ya yi karatu a Ma'aikatar Wasanni da Fim ta Jami'ar Chung-Ang . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Tang ya kuma fara bugawa a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo na Billy Elliot a shekara ta 2010 yana da shekaru 7, bayan haka ya ci gaba da wasa a cikin kiɗa kamar Eileigh Seabed, West Pyeonje, KinkyBoots da Assassin .

A cikin shekarar 2014, Tang ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a Pluto Secret Order a matsayin Lee Seo-jin kuma ya ci gaba da taka rawa a fina-finai da wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban.

Ya sami karbuwa saboda rawar da ya taka a matsayin Geum Eun Dong - wani matashi soja na Koriya ta Arewa a Crash Landing on You (2019-2020) wanda ya zama wasan kwaikwayo na tvN mafi girma da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na Koriya da aka fi sani da shi a tarihin talabijin na USB.

A cikin shekarar 2021, Tang ta fito a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen [[Netflix]] na asali Move to Heaven tana taka muhimmiyar rawa Han Geu-ru, saurayi mai cutar Asperger, tare da Lee Je-hoon .  A cikin wannan shekarar, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Racket Boys''  wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta Best Young Actor a 2021 SBS Drama Awards . &lt;ref name=&quot;2021SDA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jeong Hee-yeon |date=December 31, 2021 |script-title=ko:라켓소년단' 탕준상-이재인 청소년연기상 [SBS 연기대상] |trans-title='Racket Boys' Tang Jun-sang – Lee Jae-in Youth Acting Award [SBS Acting Awards] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=382&amp;aid=0000953968 |access-date=January 2, 2022 |publisher= |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==

=== Fim ɗin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bayani
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2016
|''Waƙar da za a tuna''
|Choon-sik
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2017
|''Zuwan''
|Ɗan yaro
|Gajeren fim
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2018
|''Shekaru Bakwai na Dare''
|Seo-won (matashi) 
|
|
|-
|''Youngju''
|Matasa
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2019
|''Ranar haihuwar''
|Woo-chan
|
|
|-
|''Wasiƙun Sarki''
|Hak-jo
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2020
|''Ɓarawo na keke''
|Ki-tae
|Gajeren fim
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2021
|''Ba a yi amfani da shi ba - Farin ciki mai launin shudi''| {{N/a}}
|Gajeren fim
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2022
|''A cikin Firayim Minista''
|Lee Tae-yeon
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=March 11, 2022 |script-title=ko:강말금X탕준상, '이상한 나라의 수학자' 깊이 더한 명품 배우 활약 |trans-title=Kang Mal-geum X Tang Jun-sang, 'Mathematician in Wonderland', a luxury actor with depth |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0003840503 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |publisher=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Godiya''
|Ɗan Ji-wan
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2024
|''Kwanakin Dog''
|Jin-woo
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kang Hyo-jin |date=October 26, 2021 |script-title=ko:[단독]탕준상, 영화 '도그 데이즈' 합류…윤여정과 호흡 |trans-title=[Exclusive] Junsang Tang joins the movie 'Dog Days'... Breathing with Yeojeong Yoon |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=477&amp;aid=0000325443 |access-date=October 26, 2021 |publisher=Spotv news |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=January 2, 2024 |script-title=ko:[공식] 윤여정X유해진 '도그데이즈' 2월 7일 개봉 확정..설날 극장 정조준 |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0004093819 |access-date=January 2, 2024 |website=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Shirin''
|Mutumin da ya yi wasa
|
|
|-
|''Ƙasar Al'ajabi''
|Choi Jin-gu
|
|
|}

=== Shirye-shiryen talabijin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bayani
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2014
|''Squad na Pluto''
|Lee Seo-jin
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2014
|''Dandelion mai tunani guda ɗaya''
|Seo Joon-ho (matashi) 
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2015
|''Kakarta''
|
|Ranar Yara ta Musamman
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2018
|''Waƙar da Rana''
|Kyu-min
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2019–2020
|''Kashewa a Kanka''
|Geum Eun-dong
|
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2021
|''Racket Boys''
|Yoon Hae-kang
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2025
|''Labaran Labarai''
|Sam-soo
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Oh Abokan ciniki na Ghost''
|Bo Sal (Buddha) 
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=March 11, 2022 |script-title=ko:강말금X탕준상, '이상한 나라의 수학자' 깊이 더한 명품 배우 활약 |trans-title=Kang Mal-geum X Tang Jun-sang, 'Mathematician in Wonderland', a luxury actor with depth |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0003840503 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |publisher=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Jerin yanar gizo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bayani
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!Turanci
!Koriya
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2021
|''Ka Ka Yi Komawa Sama''
|China ta kasance mai amfani da shi
|Han Geu-ru
|Jerin asali na Netflix
|
|}

== Mataki ==

=== Waƙoƙi ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
|+Ayyukan kiɗa
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!Turanci
!Koriya
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2010–2011
|''Billy Elliot''
|Shekaru da yawa
|Ɗan yaro
|Cibiyar Ayyuka ta LG
|Agusta 13 zuwa Fabrairu 27
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2011
|''Mozart''
|Rubuce-rubuce da wuri
|[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Amadeus Mozart]] (matashi) 
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Seongnam
|Mayu 24 zuwa Yuli 3
|
|-
|''Sarauniyar Ƙarshe''
|A cikin ƙanƙara
|Seiko
|Gidan zane-zane na Chungmu
|29 ga Oktoba zuwa 20 ga Nuwamba
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2012
|''Elizabeth das Musical''
|Ya fara farawa
|Rudolph (matashi) 
|Blue Square Samsung
|Fabrairu 8 zuwa Mayu 12
|
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwAYk&quot;&gt;Mozart&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Rubuce-rubuce da wuri
|[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Amadeus Mozart]] (matashi) 
|Cibiyar Sejong
|Mayu 24 zuwa Yuli 3
|
|-
|''Masu kisan kai''
|Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi
|Billy
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Doosan
|Nuwamba 20 zuwa Fabrairu 3
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2013
|''Masu Rashin Hakki''
|Rashin jituwa da juna
|Gavroche
|Blue Square Samsung
|Afrilu 6 zuwa Satumba 1
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2014
|''Seopyeonje''
|Yanayin Yanayi
|Dong-ho (matashi) 
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Duniya
|Maris 20 zuwa Mayu 11
|
|-
|''Kinky Boots''
|Ya kasance a cikin Yahaya
|Lola
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chungmu Medium Theater Black
|Disamba 2 zuwa Fabrairu 22
|
|}

=== Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
|+Jerin wasan kwaikwayo na mataki
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ranar
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!Turanci
!Koriya
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2016
|''Yakin Wasanni na 6 - Hamlet the Play''
|Nazarin da ya yi daidai da haka, ya yi daidai
|Hamlet (matashi) 
|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chungmu Medium Theater Black
|Agusta 2 - Oktoba 16
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bikin bayar da kyautar
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Sashe
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Wanda aka zaba / Aiki
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Sakamakon
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar APAN Star
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
|Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actor
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |''Ka Ka Yi Komawa Sama''&lt;br /&gt;''Racket Boys''| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Abinda ke cikin Asiya
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2021
|Sabon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo
|''Ka Ka Yi Komawa Sama''|{{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=March 11, 2022 |script-title=ko:강말금X탕준상, '이상한 나라의 수학자' 깊이 더한 명품 배우 활약 |trans-title=Kang Mal-geum X Tang Jun-sang, 'Mathematician in Wonderland', a luxury actor with depth |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0003840503 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |publisher=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Baeksang Arts
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
|Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor - Talabijin
|''Racket Boys''| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kang Hyo-jin |date=October 26, 2021 |script-title=ko:[단독]탕준상, 영화 '도그 데이즈' 합류…윤여정과 호흡 |trans-title=[Exclusive] Junsang Tang joins the movie 'Dog Days'... Breathing with Yeojeong Yoon |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=477&amp;aid=0000325443 |access-date=October 26, 2021 |publisher=Spotv news |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Fim ɗin Buil
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actor
|''Godiya''| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jo Ji-young |date=January 2, 2024 |script-title=ko:[공식] 윤여정X유해진 '도그데이즈' 2월 7일 개봉 확정..설날 극장 정조준 |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=076&amp;aid=0004093819 |access-date=January 2, 2024 |website=[[Sports Chosun]] |language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Cinema 21
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2021
|Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor na Shekara
|Ka matsa zuwa Sama ''Racket Boys''&lt;br /&gt;| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kim Yeon-ju |date=April 23, 2024 |script-title=ko:강동원이 돌아온다...'설계자' 5월 29일 개봉 확정 |trans-title=Kang Dong-won returns...'The Designer' confirmed to be released on May 29th |url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/movie/article/213/0001293108 |access-date=April 23, 2024 |work=TV Report |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Fim ta Chunsa
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actor
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Godiya''| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Hong Bae-eum |date=June 1, 2024 |script-title=ko:탕준상-성병숙, 우리도 '원더랜드' 출연해요~(VIP시사회)[뉴스엔TV] |trans-title=Tang Jun-sang and Seong Byeong-sook, we will also appear in 'Wonderland'~ (VIP preview) [News &amp; TV] |url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/article/609/0000860402?cid=1073789 |access-date=April 23, 2024 |work=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar Grand Bell
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Park Jung-min |date=November 17, 2021 |script-title=ko:탕준상, 중앙대학교 연극영화과 수시 합격…22학번 예비 새내기[공식] |trans-title=Jun-sang Tang, admitted to the Department of Theater and Film at Chung-Ang University… 22nd Preparatory Freshman [Official] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&amp;aid=0000512206 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |publisher=Newsen |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Kyautar SBS Drama
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2021
|Mafi kyawun Matashi Mai Aiki
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |''Racket Boys''| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;2021SDA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jeong Hee-yeon |date=December 31, 2021 |script-title=ko:라켓소년단' 탕준상-이재인 청소년연기상 [SBS 연기대상] |trans-title='Racket Boys' Tang Jun-sang – Lee Jae-in Youth Acting Award [SBS Acting Awards] |url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=382&amp;aid=0000953968 |access-date=January 2, 2022 |publisher= |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJeong_Hee-yeon2021&quot;&gt;Jeong Hee-yeon (December 31, 2021). [https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=382&amp;aid=0000953968 &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ko&quot;&gt;라켓소년단' 탕준상-이재인 청소년연기상 &amp;#x5B;SBS 연기대상&amp;#x5D;&lt;/bdi&gt;] &amp;#x5B;'Racket Boys' Tang Jun-sang – Lee Jae-in Youth Acting Award [SBS Acting Awards]&amp;#x5D; (in Korean)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt; &amp;#x2013; via [[Naver]].&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 uses Korean-language script (ko)]]
[[Category:CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)]]&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2003]]</text>
      <sha1>lcjqp8adftlpo4sq5lq4he4ruspryee</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Shadine van der Merwe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>123456</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893298</id>
      <parentid>798224</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T04:01:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>13371</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="13651" sha1="aymvx1hzsyx5684n046rbibrkngo967" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Shadine van der Merwe''' (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1992) 'yar wasan kwallon kafa ce ta Afirka ta Kudu. Ta wakilci Afirka ta Kudu a wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 da 2022 da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta Netball ta 2019 da 2023. A Afirka ta Kudu, ta buga wa UP-Tuks wasa a Varsity Netball da Gauteng Jaguars a gasar cin kofin Brutal Fruit Netball . A shekara ta 2017 ta jagoranci kungiyoyin biyu zuwa lakabi na kasa. Tun daga lokacin ta buga wa Surrey Storm, Manchester Thunder da Loughborough Lightning wasa a cikin Netball Superleague da kuma Adelaide Thunderbirds a cikin Suncorp Super Netball .

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Shadine van der Merwe kuma ta girma a [[Pretoria]] . Kazalika da buga wasan Netball, a lokacin ƙuruciyarta, ta buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Afirka ta Kudu. Ta kuma lashe lambar tagulla a cikin javelin a 2010 Junior SA Track and Field Championship . Bayan da kocin netball, Jenny van Dyk, ya hango ta, an ba ta tallafin karatu a [[Jami'ar Pretoria]] kuma daga baya ta sami Masters a Ilimi.&lt;ref name=&quot;pressreader141219&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 December 2019 |title=Unsung heroine of the courts |url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/the-citizen-gauteng/20191214/282278142219660?srsltid=AfmBOoqkbpAxnxJE7CN8jqLiaOtzsUvFo_htNRRqg9exq857txvnj6e1 |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=[[The Citizen (South African newspaper)|The Citizen]] |publisher=www.pressreader.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;weeblyvdm2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shadine Van Der Merwe – Hi! I am Shadine, and this is my netball story |url=https://shadinevdm.weebly.com/about-me.html |access-date=17 September 2024 |publisher=weebly.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;at020320&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 March 2020 |title=Here to stay |url=https://adelaidethunderbirds.com.au/news/here-stay |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303173648/https://adelaidethunderbirds.com.au/news/here-stay |archive-date=3 March 2020 |access-date=19 September 2024 |publisher=adelaidethunderbirds.com.au}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dm270623&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2023 |title=Proteas’ Shadine van der Merwe has bounced through ups and downs to reach netball's pinnacle |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-06-27-proteas-shadine-van-der-merwe-has-bounced-through-ups-and-downs-to-reach-netballs-pinnacle/ |access-date=18 September 2024 |publisher=www.dailymaverick.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Van der Merwe mai magana ne na [[Afrikaans]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;at020320&quot; /&gt;

== Ayyukan wasa ==

=== UP Tuks ===
Tsakanin 2014 da 2017, van der Merwe ya buga wa UP-Tuks wasa a Varsity Netball . &lt;ref name=&quot;vssa081017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 October 2017 |title=Van der Merwe wants to end her playing career at UP-Tuks with a Varsity Netball title |url=https://www.old.varsitysportssa.com/van-der-merwe-wants-end-playing-career-tuks-varsity-final-victory/ |access-date=14 November 2024 |publisher=www.old.varsitysportssa.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;up091017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 October 2017 |title=#TuksNetballVan der Merwe wants to end her playing career at UP-Tuks with a Varsity-final victory |url=https://www.up.ac.za/netball/news/post_2574076-tuksnetballvan-der-merwe-wants-to-end-her-playing-career-at-up-tuks-with-a-varsity-final-victory |access-date=18 September 2024 |publisher=www.up.ac.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;varsity270519&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shadine Van Der Merwe |url=http://varsitysportssa.com/player/shadine-van-der-merwe/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527052946/http://varsitysportssa.com/player/shadine-van-der-merwe/ |archive-date=27 May 2019 |access-date=17 September 2024 |publisher=varsitysportssa.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2014, ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar Tuks wacce ta gama a matsayin masu cin gaba zuwa Kovsies . An kuma ba ta suna 'Yan wasa na Varsity Series kuma an sanya mata suna a cikin Team of the Tournament . Kafin kakar 2015, an ba ta suna kyaftin din Tuks.  &lt;ref name=&quot;gsport211014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 October 2014 |title=Kovsies Beat Tuks to Retain Varsity Netball Crown |url=https://gsport.co.za/kovsies-beat-tuks-to-retain-varsity-netball-crown/ |access-date=19 September 2024 |publisher=gsport.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vsssa040915&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 September 2015 |title=Van der Merwe takes Tuks reins |url=https://www.old.varsitysportssa.com/van-der-merwe-takes-tuks-reins/ |access-date=19 September 2024 |publisher=www.old.varsitysportssa.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, a wasanta na farko a lokacin kakar, ta sami rauni na ACL.&lt;ref name=&quot;dm270623&quot;/&gt; A shekara ta 2016, ta zama kyaftin din Tuks lokacin da suka sake gamawa a matsayin masu tseren gaba, a wannan lokacin zuwa [[Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma|Pukke]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;gsport181016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 October 2016 |title=Pukke Snatch 2016 Varsity Netball Cup from Tuks |url=https://gsport.co.za/pukke-snatch-2016-varsity-netball-cup-tuks/ |access-date=19 September 2024 |publisher=gsport.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma ba ta suna 2016 Player of the Tournament. &lt;ref name=&quot;vssa201016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 October 2016 |title=Super Woman: Shadine van der Merwe |url=https://www.old.varsitysportssa.com/super-woman-shadine-van-der-merwe/ |access-date=14 November 2024 |publisher=www.old.varsitysportssa.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2017, ta zama kyaftin din Tuks lokacin da suka lashe lambar yabo ta farko bayan sun doke Pukke 43-41 a wasan karshe.  &lt;ref name=&quot;teamsa101017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 October 2017 |title=Van Dyk's UP-Tuks celebrate their first Varsity title |url=https://www.teamsa.co.za/van-dyks-up-tuks-celebrate-their-first-varsity-title/ |access-date=19 September 2024 |publisher=www.teamsa.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;up220421&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 April 2021 |title=#TuksNetball: Shadine Van der Merwe says she will forever be grateful to Jenny van Dyk |url=https://www.up.ac.za/netball/news/post_2967192-tuksnetball-shadine-van-der-merwe-says-she-will-forever-be-grateful-to-jenny-van-dyk |access-date=18 September 2024 |publisher=www.up.ac.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jaguars na Gauteng ===
Tsakanin 2014 da 2018, van der Merwe ya buga wa Gauteng Jaguars wasa, yana wasa a wasan karshe na Brutal Fruit Netball Cup biyar a jere. A cikin [[2018 Netball New Zealand Super Club]]&quot;&gt;2017 da 2018 ta zama kyaftin din Jaguars lokacin da suka lashe sunayen sarauta biyu na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;bfnc08015j&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gauteng Jaguars (2014) |url=http://brutalfruitnetballcup.co.za/gauteng-jaguars/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108030617/http://brutalfruitnetballcup.co.za/gauteng-jaguars/ |archive-date=8 January 2015 |access-date=9 September 2024 |publisher=brutalfruitnetballcup.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;storm170918&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 September 2018 |title=Storm sign Van Der Merwe |url=https://www.surreystormnetball.co.uk/storm-sign-van-der-merwe/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817203353/https://www.surreystormnetball.co.uk/storm-sign-van-der-merwe/ |archive-date=17 August 2022 |access-date=18 September 2024 |publisher=www.surreystormnetball.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nsa160617&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 June 2017 |title=Fourth time lucky for Jaguars |url=https://netball-sa.co.za/fourth-time-lucky-for-jaguars/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523133005/https://netball-sa.co.za/fourth-time-lucky-for-jaguars/ |archive-date=23 May 2024 |access-date=31 August 2024 |publisher=netball-sa.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nsa190518&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 May 2018 |title=Impressive wins for Jaguars and Stings |url=https://netball-sa.co.za/impressive-wins-for-jaguars-and-stings/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304221540/https://netball-sa.co.za/impressive-wins-for-jaguars-and-stings/ |archive-date=4 March 2024 |access-date=18 September 2024 |publisher=netball-sa.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;up180618&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 June 2018 |title=#TuksNetball: Van Dyk coaches Jaguars to a 2nd Brutal Fruit title and 18 game winning streak |url=https://www.up.ac.za/netball/news/post_2697020-tuksnetball-van-dyk-coaches-jaguars-to-a-2nd-brutal-fruit-title-and-18-game-winning-streak |access-date=19 September 2024 |publisher=www.up.ac.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2015, 2016 da 2017 an ba ta suna Defender of the Tournament . &lt;ref name=&quot;weeblyvdm3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shadine Van Der Merwe – Some highlights of my career... |url=https://shadinevdm.weebly.com/career.html |access-date=17 September 2024 |publisher=weebly.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma buga wa Jaguars wasa a gasar Netball New Zealand Super Club ta 2017 da 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;netballnz010218&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=8 Clubs 6 Days / Netball's Best in Nelson / (2017 Super Club) Media Guide |url=https://www.netballnz.co.nz/Downloads/Assets/Download/378055/1/Super%20Club%20-%20Media%20Guide%20-%20FINAL.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201011453/https://www.netballnz.co.nz/Downloads/Assets/Download/378055/1/Super%20Club%20-%20Media%20Guide%20-%20FINAL.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2018 |access-date=27 August 2022 |publisher=www.netballnz.co.nz}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;stuff300617&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 June 2017 |title=Semi-professional side Gauteng Jaguars undaunted by challenge that awaits at Super Club |url=https://i.stuff.co.nz/sport/netball/94262298/semiprofessional-side-gauteng-jaguars-undaunted-by-challenge-that-awaits-at-super-club |access-date=27 August 2022 |publisher=stuff.co.nz |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827200602/https://i.stuff.co.nz/sport/netball/94262298/semiprofessional-side-gauteng-jaguars-undaunted-by-challenge-that-awaits-at-super-club |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nswis050717&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 July 2017 |title=Big win for NSWIS netballers over Jaguars in NZ |url=https://www.nswis.com.au/nswis-news/big-win-for-nswis-netballers-over-jaguars-in-nz/ |access-date=18 September 2024 |publisher=www.nswis.com.au}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;netballnz190818&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 August 2018 |title=Sizzling Super Club opener for South Africa's Jaguars |url=http://www.netballnz.co.nz/news/detail/sizzling-super-club-opener-for-south-africas-jaguars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822220331/http://www.netballnz.co.nz/news/detail/sizzling-super-club-opener-for-south-africas-jaguars |archive-date=22 August 2018 |access-date=8 September 2022 |publisher=www.netballnz.co.nz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Guguwar Surrey ===
Tsakanin 2018 da [[2019 Netball Superleague season|2019]], van der Merwe ya buga wa Surrey Storm wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;storm1709182&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 September 2018 |title=Storm sign Van Der Merwe |url=https://www.surreystormnetball.co.uk/storm-sign-van-der-merwe/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817203353/https://www.surreystormnetball.co.uk/storm-sign-van-der-merwe/ |archive-date=17 August 2022 |access-date=18 September 2024 |publisher=www.surreystormnetball.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;weeblyvdm32&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shadine Van Der Merwe – Some highlights of my career... |url=https://shadinevdm.weebly.com/career.html |access-date=17 September 2024 |publisher=weebly.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;190918fast52&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 September 2018 |title=Layton among first All Stars confirmed Fast5 for All Stars |url=https://fast5allstars.com/news/layton-among-first-stars-confirmed-fast5-netball-championship/ |access-date=21 September 2024 |publisher=fast5allstars.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;weeblyvdm12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shadine Van Der Merwe – Home |url=https://shadinevdm.weebly.com/ |access-date=17 September 2024 |publisher=weebly.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;storm2705192&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shadine Van Der Merwe |url=https://www.surreystormnetball.co.uk/player/shadine-vdm/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527052945/https://www.surreystormnetball.co.uk/player/shadine-vdm/ |archive-date=27 May 2019 |access-date=17 September 2024 |publisher=www.surreystormnetball.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abokan tawagarta a Storm sun hada da dan wasan kwallon kafa na Afirka ta Kudu, [[Sigrid Burger]].&lt;ref name=&quot;storm2705192&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;storm1603192&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 March 2019 |title=Match Report: Storm 53 – 44 Sirens |url=https://www.surreystormnetball.co.uk/match-report-storm-53-44-sirens/ |access-date=5 October 2024 |publisher=www.surreystormnetball.co.uk |archive-date=6 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241006070839/https://www.surreystormnetball.co.uk/match-report-storm-53-44-sirens/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;skysports0804192&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 April 2019 |title=Sigi Burger and Shadine Van der Merwe out to return to winning ways |url=https://www.skysports.com/netball/news/12415/11686820/sigi-burger-and-shadine-van-der-merwe-out-to-return-to-winning-ways |access-date=5 October 2024 |publisher=www.skysports.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta sami lambar yabo ta Storm ta 2019 mafi kyau da mafi kyau.  &lt;ref name=&quot;ssn2705192&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 May 2019 |title=Shadine Van Der Merwe Replaces Injured Cobden |url=https://supernetball.com.au/2019/05/27/shadine-van-der-merwe-replaces-injured-cobden/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527052946/https://supernetball.com.au/2019/05/27/shadine-van-der-merwe-replaces-injured-cobden/ |archive-date=27 May 2019 |access-date=17 September 2024 |publisher=supernetball.com.au}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nsl2309212&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 September 2021 |title=Manchester Thunder secure Shadine van der Merwe signing |url=https://www.netballsl.com/2021/09/23/manchester-thunder-shadine-van-der-merwe-signing/ |access-date=5 October 2024 |publisher=www.netballsl.com |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007101226/https://www.netballsl.com/2021/09/23/manchester-thunder-shadine-van-der-merwe-signing/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]]
==manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>aymvx1hzsyx5684n046rbibrkngo967</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Shirin sirri na adireshi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>124347</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893309</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T05:50:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>13371</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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A [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] shirin sirri na adireshin yana bawa wadanda suka tsira daga tashin hankali na gida, cin zarafin jima'i, tsinkaye ko wasu nau'ikan aikata laifuka damar ba su adireshin maye gurbin doka wanda ya bambanta da ainihin adireshin zama, don kiyaye wurin su na sirri. Wadanda suka halarci shirin na iya karɓar wasika a adireshin maye gurbin kuma za a tura shi kyauta, kuma suna iya amfani da adireshin maye a cikin bayanan gwamnati.&lt;ref name=&quot;Queens&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Victoria Merlino |date=1 August 2019 |title=Law enables sex assault, stalking and trafficking survivors to conceal their addresses |url=https://queenseagle.com/all/law-enables-sex-assault-stalking-and-trafficking-survivors-to-conceal-their-addresses |access-date=5 September 2019 |publisher=Queens Eagle}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu jihohi ko hukunce-hukunce, ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na haihuwa da ma'aikatan hukumomin da ke taimakawa wadanda suka tsira daga tashin hankali na gida ko cin zarafi suma sun cancanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Applicants {{!}} California Secretary of State |url=https://www.sos.ca.gov/registries/safe-home/applicants |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=www.sos.ca.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Address Confidentiality Program {{!}} D.C. Office of Victim Services and Justice Grants |url=https://ovsjg.dc.gov/acp |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=www.ovsjg.dc.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wadanda suka tsira yawanci suna amfani da su ta hanyar ofishin Sakataren Gwamnati na jihar, kodayake wasu shirye-shiryen suna gudana ta wasu hukumomin jihar kamar Ofishin Babban Lauyan. Da zarar an shigar da wanda ya tsira cikin shirin, za su sami Akwatin PO da aka ba su ko wani adireshin da zai maye gurbin adireshin zama a kan bayanan jama'a, kamar rajistar jefa kuri'a. 

A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa don Ƙarshen Rikicin Cikin Gida,&lt;blockquote&gt;Shirye-shiryen Asirin Adireshin (ACP) da Jerin Masu Zabe na Asirin su ne shirye-shiryen da jihar ke gudanarwa wanda ke ba da damar wadanda ke fama da tashin hankali na gida (kuma wani lokacin wadanda ke fama leitar da jima'i da / ko tsinkaye) su shiga cikin tsarin jefa kuri'a ba tare da tsoron masu cin zarafinsu su same su ba. ACPs gabaɗaya suna ba da adireshin maye gurbin ga duk bayanan jama'a. Jerin masu jefa kuri'a na sirri kawai suna ba da sirri a kan bayanan jama'a masu alaƙa da zabe.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Jihohin da ke da Shirye-shiryen Adireshin Sirri ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!State 
(link to state site) 
!Voter  
Registration 
!Drivers  
License 
!School  
Registration 
!Other  
Services 
!Phone/Contact
|-
|[https://www.azsos.gov/services/acp '''Arizona''']
|yes
|yes
|yes
|yes
|602-542-1653&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Address Confidentiality Program {{!}} D.C. Office of Victim Services and Justice Grants |url=https://ovsjg.dc.gov/acp |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=www.ovsjg.dc.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''Arkansas'''
|no
|yes
|no
|no
|501-682-7052&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Indiana ACP |url=https://www.in.gov/attorneygeneral/3093.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828062535/http://www.in.gov:80/attorneygeneral/3093.htm |archive-date=2015-08-28 |access-date= |website=victimsofcrime.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''[https://www.sos.ca.gov/registries/safe-home California]'''
|yes - by mail
|yes
|yes
|yes
|877-322-5227&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About Safe at Home - California Secretary of State |url=http://www.sos.ca.gov/registries/safe-home/about-safeathome/ |website=www.sos.ca.gov |access-date=2025-12-25 |archive-date=2024-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719232038/https://www.sos.ca.gov/registries/safe-home/about-safeathome |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[https://dcs.colorado.gov/acp '''Colorado''']
|yes
|yes
|yes
|yes
|303-866-2208&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Address Confidentiality Program - DCS |url=https://dcs.colorado.gov/acp |website=www.colorado.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[https://portal.ct.gov/sots/business-services/acp/address-confidentiality-program '''Connecticut''']
|yes
|yes
|yes
|yes
|multiple numbers 
depending on location&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Address Confidentiality Program |url=https://portal.ct.gov/sots/business-services/acp/address-confidentiality-program |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''Delaware'''
|yes
|yes
|no info
|no info
|(800) 870-1790&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Address Confidentiality Programs - Public Contact Information - California Secretary of State |url=http://www.sos.ca.gov/registries/safe-home/contact/address-confidentiality-programs-public-contact-information/ |website=www.sos.ca.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''Florida'''
|yes - absentee
|yes
|no info
|no info
|(800) 226-6667&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[https://sos.idaho.gov/acp/ '''Idaho''']
|yes
|yes
|yes
|yes
|(208) 332-2836
|-
|[https://illinoisattorneygeneral.gov/safer-communities/supporting-victims-of-crime/address-confidentiality-program/ '''Illinois''']
|yes - absentee
|yes
|yes
|no info
|(844) 916-0295&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois Attorney General - Illinois Address Confidentiality Program |url=https://illinoisattorneygeneral.gov/victims/address_confidentiality.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930224001/https://www.illinoisattorneygeneral.gov/victims/address_confidentiality.html |archive-date=2020-09-30 |access-date=2020-10-02 |website=illinoisattorneygeneral.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[https://www.in.gov/attorneygeneral/about-the-office/appeals/victim-services/address-confidentiality-program/ '''Indiana''']
|yes - absentee
|yes
|yes
|yes
|(800) 321-1907&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Attorney General: Address Confidentiality Program |url=https://www.in.gov/attorneygeneral/3093.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828062535/http://www.in.gov/attorneygeneral/3093.htm |archive-date=2015-08-28 |access-date=2019-10-20 |website=www.in.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''[https://safeathome.iowa.gov/ Iowa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260105155235/https://safeathome.iowa.gov/ |date=2026-01-05 }}'''
|yes - absentee
|yes
|yes
|yes
|(515) 725-7233&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Safe at Home |url=https://safeathome.iowa.gov/pdf/Brochure.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''[https://ag.ks.gov/victim-services/safe-at-home Kansas]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'''
|yes
|yes
|yes
|yes
|(785) 296-3806&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|'''[https://sos.ky.gov/elections/ACP/Pages/default.aspx Kentucky] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223130857/https://www.sos.ky.gov/elections/ACP/Pages/default.aspx |date=2024-02-23 }}'''
|yes - absentee
|no
|no
|no
|(502) 564-3490&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|'''[https://www.sos.la.gov/OurOffice/AddressConfidentialityProgram/Pages/default.aspx Louisiana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260116210603/https://www.sos.la.gov/ouroffice/AddressConfidentialityProgram/Pages/default.aspx |date=2026-01-16 }}'''
|yes - absentee
|yes
|yes
|yes
|800.825.3805&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Address Confidentiality Program |url=https://www.sos.la.gov/OurOffice/AddressConfidentialityProgram/Pages/default.aspx |access-date=2018-02-07 |website=www.sos.la.gov |language=en-us |archive-date=2018-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213195215/https://www.sos.la.gov/OurOffice/AddressConfidentialityProgram/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''[http://www.maine.gov/sos/acp/index.html Maine]'''
|yes - absentee
|no info
|yes
|yes
|(207) 626-8400
|-
|'''[http://sos.maryland.gov/ACP/Pages/default.aspx Maryland]'''
|yes
|yes
|yes
|no info
|410-260-3875 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Safe At Home |url=http://sos.maryland.gov/ACP/Pages/default.aspx |access-date=2018-02-07 |website=sos.maryland.gov |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''[https://www.sec.state.ma.us/divisions/acp/address-confidentiality-program.htm Massachusetts]'''
|yes
|yes
|yes
|no info
|1-866-SAFE-ADD&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Address Confidentiality Program |url=https://www.sec.state.ma.us/divisions/acp/address-confidentiality-program.htm |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=www.sec.state.ma.us}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''[http://mi.gov/agacp Michigan]'''
|yes
|yes
|yes
|yes
|313-456-0190&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Address Confidentiality Program |url=https://www.michigan.gov/ag/initiatives/address-confidentiality/acp-applicants |access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''[http://www.sos.state.mn.us/safe-at-home/about-safe-at-home/ Minnesota]'''
|yes - by mail
|separate application
|yes
|yes
|(866) 723-3035&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|'''[https://www.ago.state.ms.us/divisions/bureau-of-victim-assistance/ Mississippi]'''
|yes
|yes
|yes
|no info
|(800) 829-6766&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|'''[https://s1.sos.mo.gov/business/safeathome/ Missouri]'''
|yes
|yes
|yes
|yes
|(866) 509-1409&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=IT |first=Missouri Secretary of State - |title=Safe at Home |url=https://s1.sos.mo.gov/business/safeathome/ |access-date=2018-02-07 |website=s1.sos.mo.gov |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''[https://dojmt.gov/victims/address-confidentiality-program/ Montana]'''
|yes
|no info
|no info
|no info
|1-800-498-6455
|-
|'''[http://www.sos.ne.gov/business/acp_menu.html Nebraska]'''
|yes - early voting
|yes
|yes
|no info
|(866) 227-6327&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nebraska Secretary of State |url=http://www.sos.ne.gov/business/acp_menu.html |access-date=2018-02-07 |website=www.sos.ne.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''[http://dcfs.nv.gov/Programs/CAP/ConfidentialAddressProgram/ Nevada]'''
|yes - absentee
|yes
|yes
|yes
|888-432-6189&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Nevada Department of Health &amp; Human Services Division of Child &amp; Family Services : Confidential Address Program FAQ |url=http://dcfs.nv.gov/Programs/CAP/FAQ/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126001945/http://dcfs.nv.gov:80/Programs/CAP/FAQ/ |archive-date=2018-01-26 |access-date=2018-02-07 |website=nvsos.gov |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''[https://www.doj.nh.gov/criminal/victim-assistance/address-confidentiality.htm New Hampshire]'''
|yes - absentee
|yes
|yes
|yes
|(603) 271-1240&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Address Confidentiality FAQ {{!}} Victim Services {{!}} NH Department of Justice |url=https://www.doj.nh.gov/criminal/victim-assistance/address-confidentiality-faq.htm |access-date=2018-02-07 |website=www.doj.nh.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''[http://www.njcedv.org/privacy-confidentiality/ New Jersey]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'''
|yes
|no info
|no info
|no info
|1 (877) 218-9133&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DCF - State of New Jersey |url=http://www.nj.gov/dcf/women/domestic/dvawarenessmonth.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''[https://www.sos.state.nm.us/safe-at-home/ New Mexico]'''
|yes - absentee
|no info
|no info
|no info
|1-800-477-3632&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CAP Q &amp; A |url=http://www.sos.state.nm.us/Voter_Information/cap-q-a.aspx |access-date=2018-02-07 |website=www.sos.state.nm.us}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''[https://dos.ny.gov/address-confidentiality New York]'''
|yes
|yes
|yes
|yes
|(855) 350-4595&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Contact ACP |url=https://www.dos.ny.gov/acp/contact.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208153747/http://www.dos.ny.gov:80/acp/contact.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 |access-date=2018-02-08 |website=www.dos.ny.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''[https://ncdoj.gov/public-protection/address-confidentiality-program/ North Carolina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251009132003/https://ncdoj.gov/public-protection/address-confidentiality-program/ |date=2025-10-09 }}'''
|yes
|yes
|yes
|yes
|(919) 716-6785
|-
|'''[https://www.sos.state.oh.us/secretary-office/office-initiatives/safe-at-home/ Ohio]'''
|yes
|yes
|yes
|yes
|(614) 995-2255&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Safe at Home - Victims - Ohio Secretary of State |url=https://www.sos.state.oh.us/globalassets/publications/agency/safeathome.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007041409/https://www.sos.state.oh.us/globalassets/publications/agency/safeathome.pdf |archive-date=2019-10-07 |access-date=2018-02-08 |website=www.sos.state.oh.us |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''[http://www.oag.ok.gov/address-confidentiality-program-acp Oklahoma]'''
|yes - absentee
|yes
|yes
|yes
|(866) 227-7784
|-
|'''[https://www.doj.state.or.us/crime-victims/victims-resources/victims-services/address-confidentiality-program-acp/ Oregon]'''
|yes
|yes
|yes
|yes
|503-373-1323
|-
|'''[https://www.ova.pa.gov/SafetyandSupport/Address%20Confidentiality/Pages/default.aspx Pennsylvania]'''
|yes
|yes
|yes
|yes
|1.800.563.6399&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ACP FAQs |url=http://www.paacp.pa.gov/GettingtoKnowACP/FAQs/Pages/default.aspx |access-date=2018-02-11 |website=www.paacp.pa.gov |language=en-us }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''[https://www.sos.ri.gov/AddressConfidentialityProgram Rhode Island]'''
|yes
|no
|no
|no
|1-877-218-9133
|-
|'''[https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/cvs/the-address-confidentiality-program-acp Texas]'''
|yes - by mail
|yes
|yes
|yes
|1-888-832-2322  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Crime Victims - The Address Confidentiality Program (ACP) |url=https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/crime-victims/services-crime-victims/address-confidentiality-program |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225184151/https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/crime-victims/services-crime-victims/address-confidentiality-program |archive-date=2018-12-25 |access-date=2018-02-11 |website=www.texasattorneygeneral.gov |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Utah
|yes
|yes
|yes
|yes
|(801) 538-1600
|-
|'''[https://sos.vermont.gov/secretary-of-state-services/safe-at-home Vermont]'''
|yes - absentee
|yes
|yes
|yes
|802-828-0586&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Safe at Home {{!}} Home {{!}} Vermont Secretary of State |url=https://www.sec.state.vt.us/safe-at-home.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213195130/https://www.sec.state.vt.us/safe-at-home.aspx |archive-date=2018-02-13 |access-date=2018-02-13 |website=www.sec.state.vt.us |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''[https://www.oag.state.va.us/programs-initiatives/domestic-violence/address-confidentiality-program Virginia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008055655/https://www.oag.state.va.us/programs-initiatives/domestic-violence/address-confidentiality-program |date=2023-10-08 }}'''
|yes - limited confidentiality
|yes
|yes
|yes
|804-786-2071&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Attorney General of Virginia |url=https://www.oag.state.va.us/programs-initiatives/domestic-violence/address-confidentiality-program |access-date=2018-02-12 |website=www.oag.state.va.us |language=en-gb |archive-date=2018-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213135301/https://www.oag.state.va.us/programs-initiatives/domestic-violence/address-confidentiality-program |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''[https://www.sos.wa.gov/acp/ Washington]'''
|yes
|yes
|yes
|yes
|(360) 753-2972
|-
|'''[https://ovsjg.dc.gov/acp Washington, D.C.]'''
|yes
|yes
|yes
|yes
|(844) 443-5732
|-
|'''[https://sos.wv.gov/admin-law/Pages/ACP.aspx West Virginia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251215165730/https://sos.wv.gov/admin-law/Pages/ACP.aspx |date=2025-12-15 }}'''
|yes
|yes
|yes
|yes
|1-866-767-8683&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Address Confidentiality Program |url=https://sos.wv.gov/public-services/acp/Pages/acp.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213135407/https://sos.wv.gov/public-services/acp/Pages/acp.aspx |archive-date=2018-02-13 |access-date=2018-02-13 |website=sos.wv.gov |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''[https://www.doj.state.wi.us/ocvs/safe-home Wisconsin]'''
|yes - separate application&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Voting {{!}} Wisconsin Department of Justice |url=https://www.doj.state.wi.us/ocvs/voting |access-date=2018-02-13 |website=www.doj.state.wi.us}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|yes
|yes
|yes
|(608) 266-6613&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Safe At Home {{!}} Wisconsin Department of Justice |url=https://www.doj.state.wi.us/ocvs/safe-home |access-date=2018-02-13 |website=www.doj.state.wi.us}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
Dokokin da ke aiwatar da Dokar Sirrin Bankin suna buƙatar ma'aikatar kuɗi don aiwatar da Shirin Bayyana Abokin Ciniki wanda ya haɗa da hanyoyin da ke ba shi damar samar da imani mai ma'ana cewa ya san ainihin ainihin abokan cinikinsa. Dokokin kuma suna buƙatar cewa ma'aikatar kuɗi ta sami adireshin titin zama ko kasuwanci daga kowane abokin ciniki. Abin takaici, adireshin maye gurbin a ƙarƙashin Shirin Asirin Adireshin bai cika ka'idoji ba.

Cibiyar Kula da Laifukan Kudi ta ba da wasika don taimakawa halin da ake ciki. Dokokin Cibiyar Kula da Laifukan Kudi sun kuma ba da izini: &quot;Idan kowane abokin ciniki ba shi da adireshin zama ko na titin kasuwanci, to, dokoki suna ba da izinin kowane abokin ciniki don samar da &quot; adireshin titin zama ko na kasuwanci na kusa da dangi ko na wani mutum. &quot;

A cikin FIN-2009-R003, Cibiyar Kula da Laifukan Kudi ta gano: &quot;Abokin ciniki wanda ya shiga cikin ACP da aka kirkira za a bi da shi kamar yadda ba shi da adireshin titin zama ko kasuwanci da kuma sakataren jihar, ko wani bangare na jihar da ke aiki a matsayin wakilin abokin ciniki wanda ya dace da ka'idodin ACP, zai yi aiki a matsayin wani mutum don bin ka'idodin FinCEN. Saboda haka, ya kamata ma'aikatar kudi ta tattara adireshin tituna na hukumar tallafawa ta ACP don biyan bukatun ta CIP. &quot;￼

== Cutar coronavirus 2020 ==
A ranar 23 ga Satumba, 2020, Gwamnan California, [[Gavin Newsom]] ya sanya hannu kan umarnin zartarwa N-80-20 An adana 2020-12-15 a Wayback Machine wanda ke ba da damar jami'an kiwon lafiya na gida da jami'an lafiyar jama'a su shiga shirin Safe at Home na jihar, saboda kasancewarsu &quot;sun kasancewar barazanar barazana da sauran tsangwama, gami da barazanar da cin zarafin da aka yi a wuraren zama, wanda ke barazanar sanyaya aikin ayyukansu masu mahimmanci&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Applicants {{!}} California Secretary of State |url=https://www.sos.ca.gov/registries/safe-home/applicants |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=www.sos.ca.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* [[Tashin hankali na gida|Rikicin cikin gida]]
* Bayani game da tashin hankali a cikin gida

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>m0c139v022bccordzjvtu3l2wl2ntsg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba (fim - Zango na 1)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>125069</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893312</id>
      <parentid>884801</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T05:55:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Baffa ali</username>
        <id>47435</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */</comment>
      <origin>893312</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9082" sha1="mp82ie6fkszaqu6ek161uy51zd94jol" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ne na wasan kwaikwayo na [[Japan]] wanda ya samo asali ne daga jerin manga na Koyoharu Gotouge na wannan sunan. An sanar da jerin shirye-shiryen anime da Ufotable ta samar a cikin Weekly Shōnen Jump a ranar 4 ga Yuni, 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ressler |first=Karen |date=June 3, 2018 |title=Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba Manga Gets TV Anime by ufotable |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-06-03/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-manga-gets-tv-anime-by-ufotable/.132272 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614020652/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-06-03/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-manga-gets-tv-anime-by-ufotable/.132272 |archive-date=June 14, 2018 |access-date=June 3, 2018 |website=[[Anime News Network]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lokacin farko, wanda aka fi sani da Tanjiro Kamado, Unwavering Resolve Arc,  ya daidaita kundin farko bakwai (surori 1-54) na manga kuma an watsa shi daga Afrilu 6 zuwa Satumba 28, 2019, a kan [[Tokyo]] MX, GTV, GYT, BS11, da sauran cibiyoyin sadarwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pineda |first=Rafael Antonio |date=August 3, 2018 |title=Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba Anime Premieres in Spring |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2018-08-03/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-anime-premieres-in-spring/.135042 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511090001/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2018-08-03/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-anime-premieres-in-spring/.135042 |archive-date=May 11, 2019 |access-date=August 3, 2018 |website=[[Anime News Network]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Efn|{{Nihongo||立志編|Risshi-hen}}}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hodgkins |first=Crystalyn |date=February 28, 2019 |title=Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba Anime Premieres on April 6 |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-02-28/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-anime-premieres-on-april-6/.144005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208160246/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2019-02-28/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-anime-premieres-on-april-6/.144005 |archive-date=December 8, 2019 |access-date=February 28, 2019 |website=[[Anime News Network]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haruo Sotozaki ya ba da umarnin wasan kwaikwayo tare da rubutun ma'aikatan Ufotable. Yuki Kajiura da Go Shiina sun kirkiro kiɗa, kuma Akira Matsushima shine mai tsara halayen. Hikaru Kondo shine furodusa.&lt;ref name=&quot;staff&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hodgkins |first=Crystalyn |date=November 24, 2018 |title=Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba Anime Reveals Staff, More Cast |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-11-24/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-anime-reveals-staff-more-cast/.139916 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321034022/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-11-24/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-anime-reveals-staff-more-cast/.139916 |archive-date=March 21, 2019 |access-date=November 24, 2018 |website=[[Anime News Network]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Mai kisan aljanu: Kimetsu no Yaiba'' an saita shi a duniya a lokacin Zamanin Taishō na Japan, inda bil'adama ke rayuwa a asirce kuma ke fada da barazanar aljanu: mutane masu canzawa waɗanda ke da ikon allahntaka kamar ingantaccen ƙarfi, saurin sake farfadowa, da ikon musamman da ake kira &quot;Jinin Aljanu&quot;. Labarin ya biyo bayan wani matashi, Tanjiro Kamado, wanda ke ƙoƙari ya zama &quot;Mai Kashe Aljanu&quot; bayan an kashe iyalinsa kuma ƙanwarsa, Nezuko, ta zama aljani.

Taken buɗewa shine &quot;&quot;  na Lisa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ressler |first=Karen |date=June 3, 2018 |title=Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba Manga Gets TV Anime by ufotable |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-06-03/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-manga-gets-tv-anime-by-ufotable/.132272 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614020652/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-06-03/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-manga-gets-tv-anime-by-ufotable/.132272 |archive-date=June 14, 2018 |access-date=June 3, 2018 |website=[[Anime News Network]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; yayin da taken ƙarshe shine &quot;daga gefen&quot; ta FictionJunction feat. Lisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pineda |first=Rafael Antonio |date=August 3, 2018 |title=Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba Anime Premieres in Spring |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2018-08-03/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-anime-premieres-in-spring/.135042 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511090001/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2018-08-03/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-anime-premieres-in-spring/.135042 |archive-date=May 11, 2019 |access-date=August 3, 2018 |website=[[Anime News Network]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Taken ƙarshe na fasalin 19 shine &quot;&quot; ([[[[[[[]]]]]]]:[[[[[[;[[[[[[_]]]]]]) na Go Shiina tare da Nami Nakagawa .

Aniplex na Amurka ya ba da lasisi ga jerin kuma ya watsa shi a kan Crunchyroll, Hulu, da Funimation . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ressler |first=Karen |date=June 3, 2018 |title=Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba Manga Gets TV Anime by ufotable |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-06-03/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-manga-gets-tv-anime-by-ufotable/.132272 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614020652/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-06-03/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-manga-gets-tv-anime-by-ufotable/.132272 |archive-date=June 14, 2018 |access-date=June 3, 2018 |website=[[Anime News Network]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pineda |first=Rafael Antonio |date=August 3, 2018 |title=Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba Anime Premieres in Spring |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2018-08-03/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-anime-premieres-in-spring/.135042 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511090001/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2018-08-03/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-anime-premieres-in-spring/.135042 |archive-date=May 11, 2019 |access-date=August 3, 2018 |website=[[Anime News Network]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; AnimeLab ta watsa jerin a [[Asturaliya|Australia]] da New Zealand.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hodgkins |first=Crystalyn |date=February 28, 2019 |title=Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba Anime Premieres on April 6 |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-02-28/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-anime-premieres-on-april-6/.144005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208160246/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2019-02-28/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-anime-premieres-on-april-6/.144005 |archive-date=December 8, 2019 |access-date=February 28, 2019 |website=[[Anime News Network]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lokacin farko ya gudana na 26 episodes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ressler |first=Karen |date=June 3, 2018 |title=Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba Manga Gets TV Anime by ufotable |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-06-03/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-manga-gets-tv-anime-by-ufotable/.132272 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614020652/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-06-03/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-manga-gets-tv-anime-by-ufotable/.132272 |archive-date=June 14, 2018 |access-date=June 3, 2018 |website=[[Anime News Network]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin watsawa, abubuwan farko biyar da aka nuna a wasan kwaikwayo a Japan na makonni biyu daga Maris 29, 2019, a ƙarƙashin taken Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba - Sibling's Bond . [1] Aniplex na Amurka ya nuna fim din a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Aratani a Los Angeles a ranar 31 ga Maris, 2019. [2] Madman Entertainment ta hanyar AnimeLab ta nuna fim din a zaɓaɓɓun gidajen wasan kwaikwayo a Ostiraliya a ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2019. [3]￼

A watan Yulin 2019, an ba da sanarwar cewa dub din Ingilishi zai fara ne a kan shirin shirye-shiryen Toonami na Adult Swim. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ressler |first=Karen |date=June 3, 2018 |title=Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba Manga Gets TV Anime by ufotable |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-06-03/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-manga-gets-tv-anime-by-ufotable/.132272 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614020652/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-06-03/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-manga-gets-tv-anime-by-ufotable/.132272 |archive-date=June 14, 2018 |access-date=June 3, 2018 |website=[[Anime News Network]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya gudana daga 13 ga Oktoba, 2019, zuwa 3 ga Mayu, 2020. &lt;ref name=&quot;toonami1st&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pineda |first=Rafael Antonio |date=September 12, 2019 |title=Toonami Premieres Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba Anime on October 12 |url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-09-12/toonami-premieres-demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-anime-on-october-12/.151037 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913204945/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-09-12/toonami-premieres-demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-anime-on-october-12/.151037 |archive-date=September 13, 2019 |access-date=September 13, 2019 |website=[[Anime News Network]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [b]

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
{{Episode table}}

==Bayanan Kula==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Category:Fim]]</text>
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    <title>Shafin Yarinya na sihiri</title>
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Magical Girl Site (Japanese, Hepburn: Mahō Shōjo Saito) jerin wasan kwaikwayo ne na yarinya na Japan wanda Kentarō Satō ya rubuta kuma ya kwatanta shi. Yana da wani spin-off na Magical Girl Apocalypse . Jerin game da wata daliba ce ta makarantar sakandare da aka azabtar da ita, wanda aka zalunta kuma mai son kashe kansa mai suna Aya, wanda ya sami damar zama [[Magical girl|Yarinya mai sihiri]] ta hanyar shafin yanar gizon ban mamaki. Ba da daɗewa ba ta sami abokai, waɗanda su ma 'yan mata masu sihiri ne kamar kanta, waɗanda ke ba ta ƙarfi. Aya da abokanta suma suna fuskantar abokan gaba. Jerin ya zama tseren ƙarshe ga Aya saboda dole ne ta ci gaba da rayuwa da abokanta. An tsara shi a kan [[Akita Shoten]]'s ''Champion Tap!'' shafin yanar gizon daga Yuli 2013 zuwa Oktoba 2017 kuma daga baya a cikin mujallar shōnen [[manga]] Weekly Shōnen Champion daga Oktoba 2017 zuwa Agusta 2019, tare da surorinta da aka tattara a cikin kundin ''[[tankōbon]]'' goma sha shida. An ba da lasisi ga sakin manga don Turanci a Arewacin Amurka ta Seven Seas . Wani jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na [[anime]] wanda aka samar da shi ta hanyar samar da doA an watsa shi daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni 2018.

== Makirci ==
Aya Asagiri yarinya ce ta makarantar sakandare wacce ke da matsaloli a makaranta tare da kusan cin zarafin kisa da kuma gida daga cin zarafin ɗan'uwanta Kaname. Wata rana wani shafin yanar gizon da ake zargi ya bayyana a allon kwamfutarta, yana nuna mutum mai ban tsoro. Wannan mutumin ya bayyana ya ji tausayinta kuma ya sanar da cewa za ta ba Aya ikon sihiri. Daga baya a makaranta, Aya ta sami bindiga wanda ya bayyana a cikin akwatinta. Ba da daɗewa ba masu zalunci suka kama ta kuma ba tare da wani abu da za a rasa ba, Aya ta harbe su da bindiga. Harbin ya sa masu zalunci su ɓace, amma ga tsoronsa ta gano cewa wani jirgin kasa da ke kusa da su ya kashe su. Aya tana jin kamar ta kashe su, kuma tana rikicewa ta sami kanta da dogon jan gashi da jini yana gudana daga idanunta. Daga baya ta gano cewa ba ita kadai ba ce, lokacin da wata abokiyar aji ta bayyana cewa ita ma yarinya ce mai sihiri. Abokin aji, wanda aka fi sani da Tsuyuno Yatsumura, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin sabbin abokanta, yayin da yake ba da gudummawa don taimaka mata ta guje wa &quot;masu farauta masu sihiri&quot; waɗanda ke kashe 'yan mata masu sihiri kuma kawai suna sata sandunansu. Tsuyuno ta koya wa Aya game da ikon da ta samu da canje-canjen jiki da ta kawo a jikinta. Koyaya, 'yan matan biyu ba su san dalilin wani abu da ya yi kama da agogo a shafin yanar gizon ba, kuma suna tsoron cewa yana iya zama wani abu mara kyau. Bayan saduwa da ƙungiyar wasu 'yan mata masu sihiri, duk suna da iko da iyawa daban-daban, Tsuyuno da Aya suna ƙoƙari su gano abin da ƙididdigar ke nufi da gaske, duk yayin da suke ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa babu wanda ya san game da ikonsu.

== Kafofin watsa labarai ==

=== Manga ===
Kentarō Satō ne ya rubuta kuma ya kwatanta shafin yanar gizon Magical Girl. Jerin ya gudana a kan Akita Shoten's Champion Tap! shafin yanar gizon daga Yuli 4, 2013, zuwa Oktoba 5, 2017 . [1][2] Daga nan aka sauya jerin zuwa mujallar shōnen manga ta mai bugawa Weekly Shōnen Champion, inda ya gudana daga 26 ga Oktoba, 2017, zuwa 1 ga Agusta, 2019 . [3][4][5] Akita Shoten ta tattara surori 139 a cikin kundin tankōbon goma sha shida, wanda aka saki daga Maris 7, 2014, zuwa Oktoba 8, 2019￼

A Arewacin Amurka, jerin suna da lasisi daga Seven Seas Entertainment, wanda ya sanar da saye a watan Yulin 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 27, 2013 |script-title=ja:WEBマンガ「Champion タップ！」に阿部共実の新連載など |url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/93766 |access-date=February 3, 2021 |website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |publisher=Natasha, Inc. |language=ja |archive-date=April 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415141634/http://natalie.mu/comic/news/93766 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jerin da aka yi amfani da shi, mai taken Magical Girl Site Sept (魔法少女 театSept, Mahō Shōjo Saito Sept), ya gudana a kan ''Champion Tap!'' daga 26 ga Oktoba, 2017, zuwa 23 ga Agusta, 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;transfered&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 26, 2017 |script-title=ja:アニメ化決定の「魔法少女サイト」週チャンに移籍、スピンオフはWebで開幕 |url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/254169 |access-date=February 3, 2021 |website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |publisher=Natasha, Inc. |language=ja |archive-date=August 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813015814/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/254169 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 27, 2013 |script-title=ja:WEBマンガ「Champion タップ！」に阿部共実の新連載など |url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/93766 |access-date=February 3, 2021 |website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |publisher=Natasha, Inc. |language=ja |archive-date=April 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415141634/http://natalie.mu/comic/news/93766 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Jerin ƙarar ====
{{Graphic novel list/header|Language=Japanese|SecondLanguage=English|Width=75%}}
{{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=1|RelDate=March 7, 2014&lt;ref name=&quot;sequel vol 1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/comics/4253224016|script-title=ja:魔法少女サイト 第1巻|trans-title=Magical Girl Site Volume 1|website=[[Akita Shoten]]|language=ja|access-date=July 2, 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|ISBN=978-4-253-22401-7|LicensedRelDate=February 21, 2017&lt;ref name=&quot;SevenSeasOfficial&quot;/&gt;|LicensedISBN=978-1-626924-76-5}}
{{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=2|RelDate=September 8, 2014&lt;ref name=&quot;sequel vol 2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/comics/4253224024|script-title=ja:魔法少女サイト 第2巻|trans-title=Magical Girl Site Volume 2|website=[[Akita Shoten]]|language=ja|access-date=July 2, 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|ISBN=978-4-253-22402-4|LicensedRelDate=May 2, 2017&lt;ref name=&quot;SevenSeasOfficial&quot;/&gt;|LicensedISBN=978-1-626924-84-0}}
{{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=3|RelDate=March 6, 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;sequel vol 3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/comics/4253224032|script-title=ja:魔法少女サイト 第3巻|trans-title=Magical Girl Site Volume 3|website=[[Akita Shoten]]|language=ja|access-date=July 2, 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|ISBN=978-4-253-22403-1|LicensedRelDate=August 1, 2017&lt;ref name=&quot;SevenSeasOfficial&quot;/&gt;|LicensedISBN=978-1-626925-16-8}}
{{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=4|RelDate=November 6, 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;sequel vol 4&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/comics/4253224040|script-title=ja:魔法少女サイト 第4巻|trans-title=Magical Girl Site Volume 4|website=[[Akita Shoten]]|language=ja|access-date=July 2, 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|ISBN=978-4-253-22404-8|LicensedRelDate=November 7, 2017&lt;ref name=&quot;SevenSeasOfficial&quot;/&gt;|LicensedISBN=978-1-626925-80-9}}
{{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=5|RelDate=April 8, 2016&lt;ref name=&quot;sequel vol 5&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/comics/4253224059|script-title=ja:魔法少女サイト 第5巻|trans-title=Magical Girl Site Volume 5|website=[[Akita Shoten]]|language=ja|access-date=July 2, 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|ISBN=978-4-253-22405-5|LicensedRelDate=February 13, 2018&lt;ref name=&quot;SevenSeasOfficial&quot;/&gt;|LicensedISBN=978-1-626926-90-5}}
{{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=6|RelDate=September 8, 2016&lt;ref name=&quot;sequel vol 6&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/comics/4253224067|script-title=ja:魔法少女サイト 第6巻|trans-title=Magical Girl Site Volume 6|website=[[Akita Shoten]]|language=ja|access-date=February 9, 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|ISBN=978-4-253-22406-2|LicensedRelDate=May 15, 2018&lt;ref name=&quot;SevenSeasOfficial&quot;/&gt;|LicensedISBN=978-1-626927-82-7}}
{{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=7|RelDate=September 8, 2017&lt;ref name=&quot;sequel vol 7&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/comics/4253224075|script-title=ja:魔法少女サイト 第7巻|trans-title=Magical Girl Site Volume 7|website=[[Akita Shoten]]|language=ja|access-date=August 11, 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|ISBN=978-4-253-22407-9|LicensedRelDate=September 25, 2018&lt;ref name=&quot;SevenSeasOfficial&quot;/&gt;|LicensedISBN=978-1-626928-97-8}}
{{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=8|RelDate=January 5, 2018&lt;ref name=&quot;sequel vol 8&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/comics/4253224083|script-title=ja:魔法少女サイト 第8巻|trans-title=Magical Girl Site Volume 8|website=[[Akita Shoten]]|language=ja|access-date=January 30, 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|ISBN=978-4-253-22408-6|LicensedRelDate=March 5, 2019&lt;ref name=&quot;SevenSeasOfficial&quot;/&gt;|LicensedISBN=978-1-626929-82-1}}
{{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=9|RelDate=March 8, 2018&lt;ref name=&quot;sequel vol 9&quot;&gt;{{cite book|script-title=ja:魔法少女サイト 第9巻|trans-title=Magical Girl Site Volume 9|language=ja|id={{ASIN|4253224091|country=jp}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;|ISBN=978-4-253-22409-3|LicensedRelDate=May 28, 2019&lt;ref name=&quot;SevenSeasOfficial&quot;/&gt;|LicensedISBN=978-1-642750-82-9}}
{{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=10|RelDate=May 8, 2018&lt;ref name=&quot;sequel vol 10&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/comics/4253224105|script-title=ja:魔法少女サイト 第10巻|trans-title=Magical Girl Site Volume 10|website=[[Akita Shoten]]|language=ja|access-date=April 22, 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|ISBN=978-4-253-22410-9|LicensedRelDate=September 17, 2019&lt;ref name=&quot;SevenSeasOfficial&quot;/&gt;|LicensedISBN=978-1-642757-00-2}}
{{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=11|RelDate=August 8, 2018&lt;ref name=&quot;sequel vol 11&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/comics/4253224113|script-title=ja:魔法少女サイト 第11巻|trans-title=Magical Girl Site Volume 11|website=[[Akita Shoten]]|language=ja|access-date=June 28, 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|ISBN=978-4-253-22411-6|LicensedRelDate=January 21, 2020&lt;ref name=&quot;SevenSeasOfficial&quot;/&gt;|LicensedISBN=978-1-645051-87-9}}
{{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=12|RelDate=November 8, 2018&lt;ref name=&quot;sequel vol 12&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/comics/4253224121|script-title=ja:魔法少女サイト 第12巻|trans-title=Magical Girl Site Volume 12|website=[[Akita Shoten]]|language=ja|access-date=October 26, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;|ISBN=978-4-253-22412-3|LicensedRelDate=June 2, 2020&lt;ref name=&quot;SevenSeasOfficial&quot;/&gt;|LicensedISBN=978-1-645054-82-5}}
{{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=13|RelDate=February 8, 2019&lt;ref name=&quot;sequel vol 13&quot;&gt;{{cite web|script-title=ja:魔法少女サイト 第13巻
|trans-title=Magical Girl Site Volume 13|url=https://www.akitashoten.co.jp/comics/425322413X|website=[[Akita Shoten]]|access-date=August 9, 2020|language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;|ISBN=978-4-253-22413-0|LicensedRelDate=November 24, 2020&lt;ref name=&quot;SevenSeasOfficial&quot;/&gt;|LicensedISBN=978-1-645057-39-0}}
{{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=14|RelDate=May 8, 2019&lt;ref name=&quot;sequel vol 14&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.akitashoten.co.jp/comics/4253224148|script-title=ja:魔法少女サイト 第14巻
|trans-title=Magical Girl Site Volume 14|website=[[Akita Shoten]]|language=ja|access-date=August 9, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;|ISBN=978-4-253-22414-7|LicensedRelDate=April 6, 2021&lt;ref name=&quot;SevenSeasOfficial&quot;/&gt;|LicensedISBN=978-1-645058-31-1}}
{{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=15|RelDate=August 8, 2019&lt;ref name=&quot;sequel vol 15&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.akitashoten.co.jp/comics/4253224156|script-title=ja:魔法少女サイト 第15巻|trans-title=Magical Girl Site Volume 15|website=[[Akita Shoten]]|language=ja|access-date=August 9, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;|ISBN=978-4-253-22415-4|LicensedRelDate=June 29, 2021&lt;ref name=&quot;SevenSeasOfficial&quot;/&gt;|LicensedISBN=978-1-645059-94-3}}
{{Graphic novel list|VolumeNumber=16|RelDate=October 8, 2019&lt;ref name=&quot;sequel vol 16&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.akitashoten.co.jp/comics/4253224164|script-title=ja:魔法少女サイト 第16巻|trans-title=Magical Girl Site Volume 16|website=[[Akita Shoten]]|language=ja|access-date=August 9, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;|ISBN=978-4-253-22416-1|LicensedRelDate=November 23, 2021&lt;ref name=&quot;SevenSeasOfficial&quot;/&gt;|LicensedISBN=978-1-648272-33-2}}
{{Graphic novel list/footer}}

=== Anime ===
A ranar 8 ga Satumba, 2017, an sanar da karɓar talabijin na anime a cikin kundi na bakwai na manga. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 27, 2013 |script-title=ja:WEBマンガ「Champion タップ！」に阿部共実の新連載など |url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/93766 |access-date=February 3, 2021 |website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |publisher=Natasha, Inc. |language=ja |archive-date=April 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415141634/http://natalie.mu/comic/news/93766 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; An fara jerin ne a kan MBS, TBS da BS-TBS a ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 2018 kuma Tadahito Matsubayashi ne ya ba da umarni a samar da doA, tare da Takayo Ikami yana rubuta rubutun.{{Efn|The show lists April 6 at 26:55, which is after midnight on April 7, 2018.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:魔法少女サイト |url=http://tap.akitashoten.co.jp/comics/maho |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030042358/http://tap.akitashoten.co.jp/comics/maho |archive-date=October 30, 2017 |access-date=February 3, 2021 |website=Champion Tap! |publisher=[[Akita Shoten]] |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Premiere&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Magical Girl Site Anime's Promo Video Reveals April 6 Premiere |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-03-02/magical-girl-site-anime-promo-video-reveals-april-6-premiere/.128466 |access-date=March 2, 2018 |website=Anime News Network}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jerin yana gudana a kan Amazon Prime Video a duk duniya.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Cast&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2018 |title=Magical Girl Site Anime Reveals Cast, Song Artists, April Debut |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-01-24/magical-girl-site-anime-reveals-cast-song-artists-april-debut/.126839 |access-date=January 24, 2018 |publisher=[[Anime News Network]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pineda |first=Rafael Antonio |date=July 18, 2019 |title=Magical Girl Site Manga Ends in 3 Chapters |url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-07-18/magical-girl-site-manga-ends-in-3-chapters/.149022 |access-date=July 18, 2019 |website=[[Anime News Network]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Keiji Inai yana tsara kiɗa. Ƙungiyar gumaka I☆Ris ta yi waƙar buɗewa &quot;Changing point&quot;, yayin da Haruka Yamazaki ta yi waƙoƙin ƙarshe &quot;Zenzen Tomodachi&quot; (Nadarin da ke cikinダチ).  &lt;ref name=&quot;ThemeSongArtists&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 16, 2018 |title=Magical Girl Site Anime's 1st Teaser Video Reveals More Cast, More Staff, Theme Song Artist |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-02-16/magical-girl-site-anime-1st-teaser-video-reveals-more-cast-more-staff-theme-song-artist/.127874 |access-date=February 16, 2018 |website=Anime News Network}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Premiere&quot; /&gt; Sentai Filmworks sun ba da lasisi ga wasan kwaikwayo kuma za su saki shi a cikin tsarin bidiyo na dijital da na gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2019 |script-title=ja:恥ずかしがり屋のヒーロー描く新連載が週チャンで、「魔法少女サイト」は完結 |url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/341933 |access-date=February 3, 2021 |website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |publisher=Natasha, Inc. |language=ja |archive-date=October 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029212613/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/341933 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Jerin abubuwan da suka faru ====
 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Scitech''' kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda ya ƙunshi Cibiyar Bincike ta Scitech, cibiyar kimiyya mai hulɗa da jama'a a Yammacin Perth, Yammacin Ostiraliya, shirye-shiryen wayar da kan jama'a, shirye-shiryen ilmantarwa na ƙwararru da abubuwan dijital.

Manufar ƙungiyar ita ce ta ƙarfafa gwiwar dukkan ƴan Yammacin Australiya su shiga cikin kimiyya, fasaha, injiniyanci da lissafi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 October 2018 |title=Our Story - About Scitech |url=https://www.scitech.org.au/about/ |access-date=29 January 2024 |website=Scitech}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
A shekarun 1980, mutane uku masu tasiri a Yammacin Ostiraliya – masanin kimiyyar lissafi John Robert de Laeter, shugaban haƙar ma'adinai Laurence Brodie-Hall, da kuma ɗan siyasa kuma majagaba a fannin kwamfuta Mal Bryce – ya yi tambayar:&quot;Idan makomarmu ta dogara ne da kimiyya da fasaha, ta yaya za mu iya samun wahayi ga mutane?&quot; A martanin da ya mayar, Scitech ta buɗe ƙofofinta a ranar 13 ga Agusta 1988 da manufar ƙarfafa sha'awar jama'ar Yammacin Ostiraliya.[1] Ya ɗauki watanni tara kafin ƙungiyar bita ta asali ta gina kusan nunin kayan tarihi 150 don a shirya don buɗe Cibiyar Bincike.

== Cibiyar Gano Kimiyyar Kimiyya ==
Cibiyar Binciken Kimiyya ta Scitech tana da nunin faifai masu hulɗa da aka tsara kuma aka gina a cikin bitar da ke wurin don jawo hankalin baƙi game da kimiyya, fasaha, injiniyanci da lissafi ( STEM ). Hakanan tana ba da nunin kimiyya kai tsaye, 'yan tsana da na taurari waɗanda Scitech Science Communicators ke gabatarwa, da kuma Scitech Lab da ake amfani da shi don sauƙaƙe bitar bita don balaguron makaranta da bitar hutun makaranta.

Ana juya nunin fina-finai kowace shekara bayan wani jigo, labari ko ra'ayi,  waɗanda sassan zane, zane-zane, da bita na Scitech suka gina a ciki. Waɗannan nunin kayan an tsara su ne don tafiye-tafiye kuma an yi yawon shakatawa zuwa cibiyoyin kimiyya a duk faɗin Ostiraliya da kuma ƙasashen duniya ciki har da Arewacin Amurka, Saudiyya da China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 October 2018 |title=Scitech's Travelling Exhibitions |url=https://www.scitech.org.au/support/hire-an-exhibition/ |access-date=29 January 2024 |website=www.scitech.org.au |publisher=Scitech}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 

== Tauraron Kimiyya na Scitech ==
[[Fayil:PXL_20240207_054723401.jpg|left|thumb|A waje da Scitech Planetarium]]

== Manazarta ==
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'''Sophia Abena Boafoa Akuffo''' JSC (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1949) ita ce tsohuwar [[Babban Alkalin Ghana|babbar alkalin Ghana]] daga 19 ga Yunin shekarar 2017 har zuwa 20 ga Disamba 2019. Ta kasance alkali a Kotun Koli ta Ghana tun 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 June 2017 |title=Judiciary will use technology for quality justice - Justice Sophia Akuffo |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Judiciary-will-use-technology-for-quality-justice-Justice-Sophia-Akuffo-549940 |access-date=21 June 2017 |website= |publisher=Ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Diyar wani firist na Presbyterian, ta yi karatun sakandare a Makarantar Parliament Hill, Hampstead, [[Landan|London]] da kuma [[Wesley Girls' Senior High School|Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Wesley]], Cape Coast, sannan ta sami digirin farko na shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Her Ladyship Chief Justice Sophia A.B. Akuffo Delivers 2019 Alumni Lecture |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=UNIVERSITY OF GHANA |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714024125/https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana inda ta cancanci zama lauya. &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot; /&gt; Akuffo ta yi horo a matsayin lauya a ƙarƙashin [[Nana Akufo-Addo]], wacce daga baya ta zama [[Shugaban kasar Ghana|shugaban ƙasar Ghana]] a 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da digirin masters a fannin shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Sophia Akuffo ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zaman kanta kuma Jerry Rawlings ya naɗa ta a Kotun Koli a watan Nuwamba na 1995. Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Cibiyar Ilimi ta Shari'a ta Commonwealth, &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shugabar Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Warware Rikici na tsawon shekaru da yawa. A watan Janairu na 2006, an zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin alkalan farko na [[Kotun Afirka kan Ƴancin Dan Adam da Jama'a|Kotun Afirka kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam da Jama'a]] :  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights Booklet |url=http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720085342/http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |archive-date=Jul 20, 2011 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; an zaɓe ta na tsawon shekaru biyu kuma daga baya aka sake zaɓe ta har zuwa 2014 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa da kuma shugabar kotun bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The African Court Judges - About the African Court - Coalition for an Effective African Court on Human and Peoples Rights |url=http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202191101/http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-date=2010-12-02 |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=www.africancourtcoalition.org |language=en |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;/&gt;

Akuffo ya rubuta littafin ''The Application of Information &amp; Communication Technology in the Judicial Process – the Ghanan Experience'', wani gabatarwa ga African Judicial Network Ghana (2002).&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;/&gt;

=== Babban Alkalin Ghana ===
A ranar 11 ga Mayu 2017, Nana Akuffo-Addo ta naɗa Akuffo a matsayin Alkali mafi girma a Kotun Koli ta Ghana, bisa ga amincewar Majalisar Dokoki. &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;second2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaba Akuffo-Addo ya rantsar da ita a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2017 a matsayin Babban Alkali na 13 a Jamhuriyar Ghana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukuncin ƙarshe da ta shiga ciki shi ne a ranar 18 ga Disamba 2019 lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci mai ƙarfi cewa kotuna za su iya zama a ƙarshen mako da kuma a ranakun hutun banki don magance matsalolin shari'a na gaggawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma yi magana game da godiyarta ga wasu tsoffin [[Presidents of Ghana|shugabannin Ghana]] . Daga cikinsu akwai [[John Atta Mills]] wanda malaminta ne a fannin haraji a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana, sannan kuma ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta Haƙƙin Bil Adama a Habasha. Ta kuma ambaci [[Jerry Rawlings]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Koli a shekarar 1995 da kuma [[John Kufuor]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a a shekarar 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt; Ta zama shugabar wannan kotun tare da goyon bayan [[John Mahama]] kuma [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ya zaɓe ta a matsayin babban alkali.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubucen shari'a ==

* Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Kishin Kasa da Babban Lauyan Gwamnati (wanda kuma ake kira shari'ar CIBA) 1997 ICHRL 24 (12 Maris 1997)
* Abankro da Sauransu Vrs Ansah (J2 2 na 2009) [2016] GHASC 74 (9 Maris 2016)
* Banful da Wani Babban Lauyan Vrs da Wani (J1 7 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 21 (22 Yuni 2017)
* Ƙungiyar Masu Yaɗa Labarai Masu Zaman Kansu ta Ghana Vrs Babban Lauyan Gwamnati da Wani (J1 4 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 45 (3 Nuwamba 2017)
* Babban Lauyan Chraj Vrs da Sauransu (J1 3 na 2010) [2011] GHASC 19 (6 Afrilu 2011)

Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban alkalin alkalai, Akuffo ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 28 ga Maris 2020, [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ta nada Akuffo don jagorantar wani sabon Asusun Tallafawa na Kasa na COVID-19 wanda aka kaddamar a lokacin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tana kuma aiki a matsayin shugabar hukumar gudanarwa ta Jami'ar Ghana &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma tana da mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa da dama na kungiyoyi daban-daban. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iyali ==
Tana da 'ya mace mai suna Violet Padi da kuma jikoki biyu Samuel Osei da Cara Nyame. Tana da babban iyali, ciki har da 'yan'uwa mata biyar da ke raye, amma ana ganin ta fi kusa da ukun da aka ambata a sama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Babban Alkalin Ghana]]
* Lauyoyi mata na farko a duniya
* [[Shari'a ta Ghana|Hukumar Shari'a ta Ghana]]
* [[Jerin alƙalai na Kotun Koli na Ghana|Jerin alkalan Kotun Koli ta Ghana]]
* Kotun Koli ta Ghana
* Kellelo Justina Mafoso-Guni

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]]</text>
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'''Sophia Abena Boafoa Akuffo''' JSC (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1949) ita ce tsohuwar [[Babban Alkalin Ghana|babbar alkalin Ghana]] daga 19 ga Yunin shekarar 2017 har zuwa 20 ga Disamba 2019. Ta kasance alkali a Kotun Koli ta Ghana tun shekarar 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 June 2017 |title=Judiciary will use technology for quality justice - Justice Sophia Akuffo |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Judiciary-will-use-technology-for-quality-justice-Justice-Sophia-Akuffo-549940 |access-date=21 June 2017 |website= |publisher=Ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Diyar wani firist na Presbyterian, ta yi karatun sakandare a Makarantar Parliament Hill, Hampstead, [[Landan|London]] da kuma [[Wesley Girls' Senior High School|Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Wesley]], Cape Coast, sannan ta sami digirin farko na shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Her Ladyship Chief Justice Sophia A.B. Akuffo Delivers 2019 Alumni Lecture |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=UNIVERSITY OF GHANA |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714024125/https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana inda ta cancanci zama lauya. &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot; /&gt; Akuffo ta yi horo a matsayin lauya a ƙarƙashin [[Nana Akufo-Addo]], wacce daga baya ta zama [[Shugaban kasar Ghana|shugaban ƙasar Ghana]] a 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da digirin masters a fannin shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Sophia Akuffo ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zaman kanta kuma Jerry Rawlings ya naɗa ta a Kotun Koli a watan Nuwamba na 1995. Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Cibiyar Ilimi ta Shari'a ta Commonwealth, &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shugabar Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Warware Rikici na tsawon shekaru da yawa. A watan Janairu na 2006, an zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin alkalan farko na [[Kotun Afirka kan Ƴancin Dan Adam da Jama'a|Kotun Afirka kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam da Jama'a]] :  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights Booklet |url=http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720085342/http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |archive-date=Jul 20, 2011 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; an zaɓe ta na tsawon shekaru biyu kuma daga baya aka sake zaɓe ta har zuwa 2014 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa da kuma shugabar kotun bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The African Court Judges - About the African Court - Coalition for an Effective African Court on Human and Peoples Rights |url=http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202191101/http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-date=2010-12-02 |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=www.africancourtcoalition.org |language=en |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;/&gt;

Akuffo ya rubuta littafin ''The Application of Information &amp; Communication Technology in the Judicial Process – the Ghanan Experience'', wani gabatarwa ga African Judicial Network Ghana (2002).&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;/&gt;

=== Babban Alkalin Ghana ===
A ranar 11 ga Mayu 2017, Nana Akuffo-Addo ta naɗa Akuffo a matsayin Alkali mafi girma a Kotun Koli ta Ghana, bisa ga amincewar Majalisar Dokoki. &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;second2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaba Akuffo-Addo ya rantsar da ita a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2017 a matsayin Babban Alkali na 13 a Jamhuriyar Ghana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukuncin ƙarshe da ta shiga ciki shi ne a ranar 18 ga Disamba 2019 lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci mai ƙarfi cewa kotuna za su iya zama a ƙarshen mako da kuma a ranakun hutun banki don magance matsalolin shari'a na gaggawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma yi magana game da godiyarta ga wasu tsoffin [[Presidents of Ghana|shugabannin Ghana]] . Daga cikinsu akwai [[John Atta Mills]] wanda malaminta ne a fannin haraji a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana, sannan kuma ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta Haƙƙin Bil Adama a Habasha. Ta kuma ambaci [[Jerry Rawlings]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Koli a shekarar 1995 da kuma [[John Kufuor]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a a shekarar 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt; Ta zama shugabar wannan kotun tare da goyon bayan [[John Mahama]] kuma [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ya zaɓe ta a matsayin babban alkali.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubucen shari'a ==

* Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Kishin Kasa da Babban Lauyan Gwamnati (wanda kuma ake kira shari'ar CIBA) 1997 ICHRL 24 (12 Maris 1997)
* Abankro da Sauransu Vrs Ansah (J2 2 na 2009) [2016] GHASC 74 (9 Maris 2016)
* Banful da Wani Babban Lauyan Vrs da Wani (J1 7 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 21 (22 Yuni 2017)
* Ƙungiyar Masu Yaɗa Labarai Masu Zaman Kansu ta Ghana Vrs Babban Lauyan Gwamnati da Wani (J1 4 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 45 (3 Nuwamba 2017)
* Babban Lauyan Chraj Vrs da Sauransu (J1 3 na 2010) [2011] GHASC 19 (6 Afrilu 2011)

Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban alkalin alkalai, Akuffo ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 28 ga Maris 2020, [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ta nada Akuffo don jagorantar wani sabon Asusun Tallafawa na Kasa na COVID-19 wanda aka kaddamar a lokacin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tana kuma aiki a matsayin shugabar hukumar gudanarwa ta Jami'ar Ghana &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma tana da mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa da dama na kungiyoyi daban-daban. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iyali ==
Tana da 'ya mace mai suna Violet Padi da kuma jikoki biyu Samuel Osei da Cara Nyame. Tana da babban iyali, ciki har da 'yan'uwa mata biyar da ke raye, amma ana ganin ta fi kusa da ukun da aka ambata a sama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Babban Alkalin Ghana]]
* Lauyoyi mata na farko a duniya
* [[Shari'a ta Ghana|Hukumar Shari'a ta Ghana]]
* [[Jerin alƙalai na Kotun Koli na Ghana|Jerin alkalan Kotun Koli ta Ghana]]
* Kotun Koli ta Ghana
* Kellelo Justina Mafoso-Guni

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]]</text>
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'''Sophia Abena Boafoa Akuffo''' JSC (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1949) ita ce tsohuwar [[Babban Alkalin Ghana|babbar alkalin Ghana]] daga 19 ga Yunin shekarar 2017 har zuwa 20 ga Disamba 2019. Ta kasance alkali a Kotun Koli ta Ghana tun shekarar 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 June 2017 |title=Judiciary will use technology for quality justice - Justice Sophia Akuffo |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Judiciary-will-use-technology-for-quality-justice-Justice-Sophia-Akuffo-549940 |access-date=21 June 2017 |website= |publisher=Ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Diyar wani firist na Presbyterian, ta kuma yi karatun sakandare a Makarantar Parliament Hill, Hampstead, [[Landan|London]] da kuma [[Wesley Girls' Senior High School|Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Wesley]], Cape Coast, sannan ta sami digirin farko na shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Her Ladyship Chief Justice Sophia A.B. Akuffo Delivers 2019 Alumni Lecture |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=UNIVERSITY OF GHANA |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714024125/https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana inda ta cancanci zama lauya. &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot; /&gt; Akuffo ta yi horo a matsayin lauya a ƙarƙashin [[Nana Akufo-Addo]], wacce daga baya ta zama [[Shugaban kasar Ghana|shugaban ƙasar Ghana]] a 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da digirin masters a fannin shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Sophia Akuffo ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zaman kanta kuma Jerry Rawlings ya naɗa ta a Kotun Koli a watan Nuwamba na 1995. Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Cibiyar Ilimi ta Shari'a ta Commonwealth, &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shugabar Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Warware Rikici na tsawon shekaru da yawa. A watan Janairu na 2006, an zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin alkalan farko na [[Kotun Afirka kan Ƴancin Dan Adam da Jama'a|Kotun Afirka kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam da Jama'a]] :  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights Booklet |url=http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720085342/http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |archive-date=Jul 20, 2011 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; an zaɓe ta na tsawon shekaru biyu kuma daga baya aka sake zaɓe ta har zuwa 2014 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa da kuma shugabar kotun bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The African Court Judges - About the African Court - Coalition for an Effective African Court on Human and Peoples Rights |url=http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202191101/http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-date=2010-12-02 |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=www.africancourtcoalition.org |language=en |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;/&gt;

Akuffo ya rubuta littafin ''The Application of Information &amp; Communication Technology in the Judicial Process – the Ghanan Experience'', wani gabatarwa ga African Judicial Network Ghana (2002).&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;/&gt;

=== Babban Alkalin Ghana ===
A ranar 11 ga Mayu 2017, Nana Akuffo-Addo ta naɗa Akuffo a matsayin Alkali mafi girma a Kotun Koli ta Ghana, bisa ga amincewar Majalisar Dokoki. &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;second2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaba Akuffo-Addo ya rantsar da ita a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2017 a matsayin Babban Alkali na 13 a Jamhuriyar Ghana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukuncin ƙarshe da ta shiga ciki shi ne a ranar 18 ga Disamba 2019 lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci mai ƙarfi cewa kotuna za su iya zama a ƙarshen mako da kuma a ranakun hutun banki don magance matsalolin shari'a na gaggawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma yi magana game da godiyarta ga wasu tsoffin [[Presidents of Ghana|shugabannin Ghana]] . Daga cikinsu akwai [[John Atta Mills]] wanda malaminta ne a fannin haraji a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana, sannan kuma ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta Haƙƙin Bil Adama a Habasha. Ta kuma ambaci [[Jerry Rawlings]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Koli a shekarar 1995 da kuma [[John Kufuor]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a a shekarar 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt; Ta zama shugabar wannan kotun tare da goyon bayan [[John Mahama]] kuma [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ya zaɓe ta a matsayin babban alkali.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubucen shari'a ==

* Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Kishin Kasa da Babban Lauyan Gwamnati (wanda kuma ake kira shari'ar CIBA) 1997 ICHRL 24 (12 Maris 1997)
* Abankro da Sauransu Vrs Ansah (J2 2 na 2009) [2016] GHASC 74 (9 Maris 2016)
* Banful da Wani Babban Lauyan Vrs da Wani (J1 7 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 21 (22 Yuni 2017)
* Ƙungiyar Masu Yaɗa Labarai Masu Zaman Kansu ta Ghana Vrs Babban Lauyan Gwamnati da Wani (J1 4 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 45 (3 Nuwamba 2017)
* Babban Lauyan Chraj Vrs da Sauransu (J1 3 na 2010) [2011] GHASC 19 (6 Afrilu 2011)

Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban alkalin alkalai, Akuffo ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 28 ga Maris 2020, [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ta nada Akuffo don jagorantar wani sabon Asusun Tallafawa na Kasa na COVID-19 wanda aka kaddamar a lokacin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tana kuma aiki a matsayin shugabar hukumar gudanarwa ta Jami'ar Ghana &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma tana da mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa da dama na kungiyoyi daban-daban. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iyali ==
Tana da 'ya mace mai suna Violet Padi da kuma jikoki biyu Samuel Osei da Cara Nyame. Tana da babban iyali, ciki har da 'yan'uwa mata biyar da ke raye, amma ana ganin ta fi kusa da ukun da aka ambata a sama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Babban Alkalin Ghana]]
* Lauyoyi mata na farko a duniya
* [[Shari'a ta Ghana|Hukumar Shari'a ta Ghana]]
* [[Jerin alƙalai na Kotun Koli na Ghana|Jerin alkalan Kotun Koli ta Ghana]]
* Kotun Koli ta Ghana
* Kellelo Justina Mafoso-Guni

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]]</text>
      <sha1>5wycapg1hkomve2ymo9q0elg6cm8nkl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893075</id>
      <parentid>893074</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:28:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893075</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10844" sha1="ophcsueizdk011fgi1hxkizlqoz8w8d" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Sophia Abena Boafoa Akuffo''' JSC (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1949) ita ce tsohuwar [[Babban Alkalin Ghana|babbar alkalin Ghana]] daga 19 ga Yunin shekarar 2017 har zuwa 20 ga Disamba 2019. Ta kasance alkali a Kotun Koli ta Ghana tun shekarar 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 June 2017 |title=Judiciary will use technology for quality justice - Justice Sophia Akuffo |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Judiciary-will-use-technology-for-quality-justice-Justice-Sophia-Akuffo-549940 |access-date=21 June 2017 |website= |publisher=Ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Diyar wani firist na Presbyterian, ta kuma yi karatun sakandare a Makarantar Parliament Hill, Hampstead, [[Landan|London]] da kuma [[Wesley Girls' Senior High School|Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Wesley]], Cape Coast, sannan ta sami digirin farko na shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Her Ladyship Chief Justice Sophia A.B. Akuffo Delivers 2019 Alumni Lecture |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=UNIVERSITY OF GHANA |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714024125/https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana inda ta cancanci zama lauya. &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot; /&gt; Akuffo ta yi horo a matsayin lauya a ƙarƙashin [[Nana Akufo-Addo]], wacce daga baya ta zama [[Shugaban kasar Ghana|shugaban ƙasar Ghana]] a 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da digirin masters a fannin shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Sophia Akuffo ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zaman kanta kuma Jerry Rawlings ya naɗa ta a Kotun Koli a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1995. Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Cibiyar Ilimi ta Shari'a ta Commonwealth, &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shugabar Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Warware Rikici na tsawon shekaru da yawa. A watan Janairu na 2006, an zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin alkalan farko na [[Kotun Afirka kan Ƴancin Dan Adam da Jama'a|Kotun Afirka kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam da Jama'a]] :  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights Booklet |url=http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720085342/http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |archive-date=Jul 20, 2011 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; an zaɓe ta na tsawon shekaru biyu kuma daga baya aka sake zaɓe ta har zuwa 2014 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa da kuma shugabar kotun bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The African Court Judges - About the African Court - Coalition for an Effective African Court on Human and Peoples Rights |url=http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202191101/http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-date=2010-12-02 |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=www.africancourtcoalition.org |language=en |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;/&gt;

Akuffo ya rubuta littafin ''The Application of Information &amp; Communication Technology in the Judicial Process – the Ghanan Experience'', wani gabatarwa ga African Judicial Network Ghana (2002).&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;/&gt;

=== Babban Alkalin Ghana ===
A ranar 11 ga Mayu 2017, Nana Akuffo-Addo ta naɗa Akuffo a matsayin Alkali mafi girma a Kotun Koli ta Ghana, bisa ga amincewar Majalisar Dokoki. &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;second2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaba Akuffo-Addo ya rantsar da ita a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2017 a matsayin Babban Alkali na 13 a Jamhuriyar Ghana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukuncin ƙarshe da ta shiga ciki shi ne a ranar 18 ga Disamba 2019 lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci mai ƙarfi cewa kotuna za su iya zama a ƙarshen mako da kuma a ranakun hutun banki don magance matsalolin shari'a na gaggawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma yi magana game da godiyarta ga wasu tsoffin [[Presidents of Ghana|shugabannin Ghana]] . Daga cikinsu akwai [[John Atta Mills]] wanda malaminta ne a fannin haraji a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana, sannan kuma ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta Haƙƙin Bil Adama a Habasha. Ta kuma ambaci [[Jerry Rawlings]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Koli a shekarar 1995 da kuma [[John Kufuor]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a a shekarar 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt; Ta zama shugabar wannan kotun tare da goyon bayan [[John Mahama]] kuma [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ya zaɓe ta a matsayin babban alkali.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubucen shari'a ==

* Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Kishin Kasa da Babban Lauyan Gwamnati (wanda kuma ake kira shari'ar CIBA) 1997 ICHRL 24 (12 Maris 1997)
* Abankro da Sauransu Vrs Ansah (J2 2 na 2009) [2016] GHASC 74 (9 Maris 2016)
* Banful da Wani Babban Lauyan Vrs da Wani (J1 7 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 21 (22 Yuni 2017)
* Ƙungiyar Masu Yaɗa Labarai Masu Zaman Kansu ta Ghana Vrs Babban Lauyan Gwamnati da Wani (J1 4 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 45 (3 Nuwamba 2017)
* Babban Lauyan Chraj Vrs da Sauransu (J1 3 na 2010) [2011] GHASC 19 (6 Afrilu 2011)

Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban alkalin alkalai, Akuffo ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 28 ga Maris 2020, [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ta nada Akuffo don jagorantar wani sabon Asusun Tallafawa na Kasa na COVID-19 wanda aka kaddamar a lokacin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tana kuma aiki a matsayin shugabar hukumar gudanarwa ta Jami'ar Ghana &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma tana da mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa da dama na kungiyoyi daban-daban. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iyali ==
Tana da 'ya mace mai suna Violet Padi da kuma jikoki biyu Samuel Osei da Cara Nyame. Tana da babban iyali, ciki har da 'yan'uwa mata biyar da ke raye, amma ana ganin ta fi kusa da ukun da aka ambata a sama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Babban Alkalin Ghana]]
* Lauyoyi mata na farko a duniya
* [[Shari'a ta Ghana|Hukumar Shari'a ta Ghana]]
* [[Jerin alƙalai na Kotun Koli na Ghana|Jerin alkalan Kotun Koli ta Ghana]]
* Kotun Koli ta Ghana
* Kellelo Justina Mafoso-Guni

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]]</text>
      <sha1>ophcsueizdk011fgi1hxkizlqoz8w8d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893077</id>
      <parentid>893075</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:28:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893077</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10849" sha1="dpg3txufhkzfnmpq3768bfq36lnrpjp" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Sophia Abena Boafoa Akuffo''' JSC (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1949) ita ce tsohuwar [[Babban Alkalin Ghana|babbar alkalin Ghana]] daga 19 ga Yunin shekarar 2017 har zuwa 20 ga Disamba 2019. Ta kasance alkali a Kotun Koli ta Ghana tun shekarar 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 June 2017 |title=Judiciary will use technology for quality justice - Justice Sophia Akuffo |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Judiciary-will-use-technology-for-quality-justice-Justice-Sophia-Akuffo-549940 |access-date=21 June 2017 |website= |publisher=Ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Diyar wani firist na Presbyterian, ta kuma yi karatun sakandare a Makarantar Parliament Hill, Hampstead, [[Landan|London]] da kuma [[Wesley Girls' Senior High School|Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Wesley]], Cape Coast, sannan ta sami digirin farko na shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Her Ladyship Chief Justice Sophia A.B. Akuffo Delivers 2019 Alumni Lecture |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=UNIVERSITY OF GHANA |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714024125/https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana inda ta cancanci zama lauya. &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot; /&gt; Akuffo ta yi horo a matsayin lauya a ƙarƙashin [[Nana Akufo-Addo]], wacce daga baya ta zama [[Shugaban kasar Ghana|shugaban ƙasar Ghana]] a 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da digirin masters a fannin shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Sophia Akuffo ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zaman kanta kuma Jerry Rawlings ya naɗa ta a Kotun Koli a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1995. Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Cibiyar Ilimi ta Shari'a ta Commonwealth, &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shugabar Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Warware Rikici na tsawon shekaru da yawa. A watan Janairu na 2006, an zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin alkalan farko na [[Kotun Afirka kan Ƴancin Dan Adam da Jama'a|Kotun Afirka kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam da Jama'a]] :  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights Booklet |url=http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720085342/http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |archive-date=Jul 20, 2011 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; an zaɓe ta na tsawon shekaru biyu kuma daga baya aka sake zaɓe ta har zuwa 2014 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa da kuma shugabar kotun bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The African Court Judges - About the African Court - Coalition for an Effective African Court on Human and Peoples Rights |url=http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202191101/http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-date=2010-12-02 |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=www.africancourtcoalition.org |language=en |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;/&gt;

Akuffo ya kuma rubuta littafin ''The Application of Information &amp; Communication Technology in the Judicial Process – the Ghanan Experience'', wani gabatarwa ga African Judicial Network Ghana (2002).&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;/&gt;

=== Babban Alkalin Ghana ===
A ranar 11 ga Mayu 2017, Nana Akuffo-Addo ta naɗa Akuffo a matsayin Alkali mafi girma a Kotun Koli ta Ghana, bisa ga amincewar Majalisar Dokoki. &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;second2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaba Akuffo-Addo ya rantsar da ita a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2017 a matsayin Babban Alkali na 13 a Jamhuriyar Ghana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukuncin ƙarshe da ta shiga ciki shi ne a ranar 18 ga Disamba 2019 lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci mai ƙarfi cewa kotuna za su iya zama a ƙarshen mako da kuma a ranakun hutun banki don magance matsalolin shari'a na gaggawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma yi magana game da godiyarta ga wasu tsoffin [[Presidents of Ghana|shugabannin Ghana]] . Daga cikinsu akwai [[John Atta Mills]] wanda malaminta ne a fannin haraji a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana, sannan kuma ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta Haƙƙin Bil Adama a Habasha. Ta kuma ambaci [[Jerry Rawlings]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Koli a shekarar 1995 da kuma [[John Kufuor]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a a shekarar 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt; Ta zama shugabar wannan kotun tare da goyon bayan [[John Mahama]] kuma [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ya zaɓe ta a matsayin babban alkali.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubucen shari'a ==

* Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Kishin Kasa da Babban Lauyan Gwamnati (wanda kuma ake kira shari'ar CIBA) 1997 ICHRL 24 (12 Maris 1997)
* Abankro da Sauransu Vrs Ansah (J2 2 na 2009) [2016] GHASC 74 (9 Maris 2016)
* Banful da Wani Babban Lauyan Vrs da Wani (J1 7 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 21 (22 Yuni 2017)
* Ƙungiyar Masu Yaɗa Labarai Masu Zaman Kansu ta Ghana Vrs Babban Lauyan Gwamnati da Wani (J1 4 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 45 (3 Nuwamba 2017)
* Babban Lauyan Chraj Vrs da Sauransu (J1 3 na 2010) [2011] GHASC 19 (6 Afrilu 2011)

Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban alkalin alkalai, Akuffo ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 28 ga Maris 2020, [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ta nada Akuffo don jagorantar wani sabon Asusun Tallafawa na Kasa na COVID-19 wanda aka kaddamar a lokacin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tana kuma aiki a matsayin shugabar hukumar gudanarwa ta Jami'ar Ghana &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma tana da mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa da dama na kungiyoyi daban-daban. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iyali ==
Tana da 'ya mace mai suna Violet Padi da kuma jikoki biyu Samuel Osei da Cara Nyame. Tana da babban iyali, ciki har da 'yan'uwa mata biyar da ke raye, amma ana ganin ta fi kusa da ukun da aka ambata a sama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Babban Alkalin Ghana]]
* Lauyoyi mata na farko a duniya
* [[Shari'a ta Ghana|Hukumar Shari'a ta Ghana]]
* [[Jerin alƙalai na Kotun Koli na Ghana|Jerin alkalan Kotun Koli ta Ghana]]
* Kotun Koli ta Ghana
* Kellelo Justina Mafoso-Guni

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]]</text>
      <sha1>dpg3txufhkzfnmpq3768bfq36lnrpjp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893078</id>
      <parentid>893077</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:28:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893078</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10861" sha1="8ltm0s6r98ok8d2omt581sbjn2rkdfx" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Sophia Abena Boafoa Akuffo''' JSC (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1949) ita ce tsohuwar [[Babban Alkalin Ghana|babbar alkalin Ghana]] daga 19 ga Yunin shekarar 2017 har zuwa 20 ga Disamba 2019. Ta kasance alkali a Kotun Koli ta Ghana tun shekarar 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 June 2017 |title=Judiciary will use technology for quality justice - Justice Sophia Akuffo |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Judiciary-will-use-technology-for-quality-justice-Justice-Sophia-Akuffo-549940 |access-date=21 June 2017 |website= |publisher=Ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Diyar wani firist na Presbyterian, ta kuma yi karatun sakandare a Makarantar Parliament Hill, Hampstead, [[Landan|London]] da kuma [[Wesley Girls' Senior High School|Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Wesley]], Cape Coast, sannan ta sami digirin farko na shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Her Ladyship Chief Justice Sophia A.B. Akuffo Delivers 2019 Alumni Lecture |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=UNIVERSITY OF GHANA |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714024125/https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana inda ta cancanci zama lauya. &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot; /&gt; Akuffo ta yi horo a matsayin lauya a ƙarƙashin [[Nana Akufo-Addo]], wacce daga baya ta zama [[Shugaban kasar Ghana|shugaban ƙasar Ghana]] a 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da digirin masters a fannin shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Sophia Akuffo ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zaman kanta kuma Jerry Rawlings ya naɗa ta a Kotun Koli a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1995. Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Cibiyar Ilimi ta Shari'a ta Commonwealth, &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shugabar Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Warware Rikici na tsawon shekaru da yawa. A watan Janairu na 2006, an zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin alkalan farko na [[Kotun Afirka kan Ƴancin Dan Adam da Jama'a|Kotun Afirka kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam da Jama'a]] :  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights Booklet |url=http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720085342/http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |archive-date=Jul 20, 2011 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; an zaɓe ta na tsawon shekaru biyu kuma daga baya aka sake zaɓe ta har zuwa 2014 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa da kuma shugabar kotun bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The African Court Judges - About the African Court - Coalition for an Effective African Court on Human and Peoples Rights |url=http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202191101/http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-date=2010-12-02 |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=www.africancourtcoalition.org |language=en |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;/&gt;

Akuffo ya kuma rubuta littafin ''The Application of Information &amp; Communication Technology in the Judicial Process – the Ghanan Experience'', wani gabatarwa ga African Judicial Network Ghana (2002).&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;/&gt;

=== Babban Alkalin Ghana ===
A ranar 11 ga Mayun shekara ta 2017, Nana Akuffo-Addo ta naɗa Akuffo a matsayin Alkali mafi girma a Kotun Koli ta Ghana, bisa ga amincewar Majalisar Dokoki. &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;second2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaba Akuffo-Addo ya rantsar da ita a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2017 a matsayin Babban Alkali na 13 a Jamhuriyar Ghana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukuncin ƙarshe da ta shiga ciki shi ne a ranar 18 ga Disamba 2019 lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci mai ƙarfi cewa kotuna za su iya zama a ƙarshen mako da kuma a ranakun hutun banki don magance matsalolin shari'a na gaggawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma yi magana game da godiyarta ga wasu tsoffin [[Presidents of Ghana|shugabannin Ghana]] . Daga cikinsu akwai [[John Atta Mills]] wanda malaminta ne a fannin haraji a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana, sannan kuma ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta Haƙƙin Bil Adama a Habasha. Ta kuma ambaci [[Jerry Rawlings]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Koli a shekarar 1995 da kuma [[John Kufuor]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a a shekarar 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt; Ta zama shugabar wannan kotun tare da goyon bayan [[John Mahama]] kuma [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ya zaɓe ta a matsayin babban alkali.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubucen shari'a ==

* Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Kishin Kasa da Babban Lauyan Gwamnati (wanda kuma ake kira shari'ar CIBA) 1997 ICHRL 24 (12 Maris 1997)
* Abankro da Sauransu Vrs Ansah (J2 2 na 2009) [2016] GHASC 74 (9 Maris 2016)
* Banful da Wani Babban Lauyan Vrs da Wani (J1 7 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 21 (22 Yuni 2017)
* Ƙungiyar Masu Yaɗa Labarai Masu Zaman Kansu ta Ghana Vrs Babban Lauyan Gwamnati da Wani (J1 4 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 45 (3 Nuwamba 2017)
* Babban Lauyan Chraj Vrs da Sauransu (J1 3 na 2010) [2011] GHASC 19 (6 Afrilu 2011)

Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban alkalin alkalai, Akuffo ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 28 ga Maris 2020, [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ta nada Akuffo don jagorantar wani sabon Asusun Tallafawa na Kasa na COVID-19 wanda aka kaddamar a lokacin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tana kuma aiki a matsayin shugabar hukumar gudanarwa ta Jami'ar Ghana &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma tana da mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa da dama na kungiyoyi daban-daban. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iyali ==
Tana da 'ya mace mai suna Violet Padi da kuma jikoki biyu Samuel Osei da Cara Nyame. Tana da babban iyali, ciki har da 'yan'uwa mata biyar da ke raye, amma ana ganin ta fi kusa da ukun da aka ambata a sama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Babban Alkalin Ghana]]
* Lauyoyi mata na farko a duniya
* [[Shari'a ta Ghana|Hukumar Shari'a ta Ghana]]
* [[Jerin alƙalai na Kotun Koli na Ghana|Jerin alkalan Kotun Koli ta Ghana]]
* Kotun Koli ta Ghana
* Kellelo Justina Mafoso-Guni

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]]</text>
      <sha1>8ltm0s6r98ok8d2omt581sbjn2rkdfx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893079</id>
      <parentid>893078</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:28:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893079</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10862" sha1="6vr79da4doiasi7r1eo1d59xinbrmb3" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Sophia Abena Boafoa Akuffo''' JSC (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1949) ita ce tsohuwar [[Babban Alkalin Ghana|babbar alkalin Ghana]] daga 19 ga Yunin shekarar 2017 har zuwa 20 ga Disamba 2019. Ta kasance alkali a Kotun Koli ta Ghana tun shekarar 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 June 2017 |title=Judiciary will use technology for quality justice - Justice Sophia Akuffo |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Judiciary-will-use-technology-for-quality-justice-Justice-Sophia-Akuffo-549940 |access-date=21 June 2017 |website= |publisher=Ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Diyar wani firist na Presbyterian, ta kuma yi karatun sakandare a Makarantar Parliament Hill, Hampstead, [[Landan|London]] da kuma [[Wesley Girls' Senior High School|Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Wesley]], Cape Coast, sannan ta sami digirin farko na shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Her Ladyship Chief Justice Sophia A.B. Akuffo Delivers 2019 Alumni Lecture |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=UNIVERSITY OF GHANA |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714024125/https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana inda ta cancanci zama lauya. &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot; /&gt; Akuffo ta yi horo a matsayin lauya a ƙarƙashin [[Nana Akufo-Addo]], wacce daga baya ta zama [[Shugaban kasar Ghana|shugaban ƙasar Ghana]] a 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da digirin masters a fannin shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Sophia Akuffo ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zaman kanta kuma Jerry Rawlings ya naɗa ta a Kotun Koli a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1995. Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Cibiyar Ilimi ta Shari'a ta Commonwealth, &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shugabar Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Warware Rikici na tsawon shekaru da yawa. A watan Janairu na 2006, an zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin alkalan farko na [[Kotun Afirka kan Ƴancin Dan Adam da Jama'a|Kotun Afirka kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam da Jama'a]] :  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights Booklet |url=http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720085342/http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |archive-date=Jul 20, 2011 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; an zaɓe ta na tsawon shekaru biyu kuma daga baya aka sake zaɓe ta har zuwa 2014 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa da kuma shugabar kotun bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The African Court Judges - About the African Court - Coalition for an Effective African Court on Human and Peoples Rights |url=http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202191101/http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-date=2010-12-02 |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=www.africancourtcoalition.org |language=en |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;/&gt;

Akuffo ya kuma rubuta littafin ''The Application of Information &amp; Communication Technology in the Judicial Process – the Ghanan Experience'', wani gabatarwa ga African Judicial Network Ghana (2002).&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;/&gt;

=== Babban Alkalin Ghana ===
A ranar 11 ga Mayun shekara ta 2017, Nana Akuffo-Addo ta naɗa Akuffo a matsayin Alƙali mafi girma a Kotun Koli ta Ghana, bisa ga amincewar Majalisar Dokoki. &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;second2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaba Akuffo-Addo ya rantsar da ita a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2017 a matsayin Babban Alkali na 13 a Jamhuriyar Ghana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukuncin ƙarshe da ta shiga ciki shi ne a ranar 18 ga Disamba 2019 lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci mai ƙarfi cewa kotuna za su iya zama a ƙarshen mako da kuma a ranakun hutun banki don magance matsalolin shari'a na gaggawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma yi magana game da godiyarta ga wasu tsoffin [[Presidents of Ghana|shugabannin Ghana]] . Daga cikinsu akwai [[John Atta Mills]] wanda malaminta ne a fannin haraji a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana, sannan kuma ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta Haƙƙin Bil Adama a Habasha. Ta kuma ambaci [[Jerry Rawlings]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Koli a shekarar 1995 da kuma [[John Kufuor]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a a shekarar 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt; Ta zama shugabar wannan kotun tare da goyon bayan [[John Mahama]] kuma [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ya zaɓe ta a matsayin babban alkali.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubucen shari'a ==

* Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Kishin Kasa da Babban Lauyan Gwamnati (wanda kuma ake kira shari'ar CIBA) 1997 ICHRL 24 (12 Maris 1997)
* Abankro da Sauransu Vrs Ansah (J2 2 na 2009) [2016] GHASC 74 (9 Maris 2016)
* Banful da Wani Babban Lauyan Vrs da Wani (J1 7 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 21 (22 Yuni 2017)
* Ƙungiyar Masu Yaɗa Labarai Masu Zaman Kansu ta Ghana Vrs Babban Lauyan Gwamnati da Wani (J1 4 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 45 (3 Nuwamba 2017)
* Babban Lauyan Chraj Vrs da Sauransu (J1 3 na 2010) [2011] GHASC 19 (6 Afrilu 2011)

Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban alkalin alkalai, Akuffo ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 28 ga Maris 2020, [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ta nada Akuffo don jagorantar wani sabon Asusun Tallafawa na Kasa na COVID-19 wanda aka kaddamar a lokacin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tana kuma aiki a matsayin shugabar hukumar gudanarwa ta Jami'ar Ghana &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma tana da mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa da dama na kungiyoyi daban-daban. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iyali ==
Tana da 'ya mace mai suna Violet Padi da kuma jikoki biyu Samuel Osei da Cara Nyame. Tana da babban iyali, ciki har da 'yan'uwa mata biyar da ke raye, amma ana ganin ta fi kusa da ukun da aka ambata a sama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Babban Alkalin Ghana]]
* Lauyoyi mata na farko a duniya
* [[Shari'a ta Ghana|Hukumar Shari'a ta Ghana]]
* [[Jerin alƙalai na Kotun Koli na Ghana|Jerin alkalan Kotun Koli ta Ghana]]
* Kotun Koli ta Ghana
* Kellelo Justina Mafoso-Guni

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]]</text>
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'''Sophia Abena Boafoa Akuffo''' JSC (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1949) ita ce tsohuwar [[Babban Alkalin Ghana|babbar alkalin Ghana]] daga 19 ga Yunin shekarar 2017 har zuwa 20 ga Disamba 2019. Ta kasance alkali a Kotun Koli ta Ghana tun shekarar 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 June 2017 |title=Judiciary will use technology for quality justice - Justice Sophia Akuffo |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Judiciary-will-use-technology-for-quality-justice-Justice-Sophia-Akuffo-549940 |access-date=21 June 2017 |website= |publisher=Ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Diyar wani firist na Presbyterian, ta kuma yi karatun sakandare a Makarantar Parliament Hill, Hampstead, [[Landan|London]] da kuma [[Wesley Girls' Senior High School|Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Wesley]], Cape Coast, sannan ta sami digirin farko na shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Her Ladyship Chief Justice Sophia A.B. Akuffo Delivers 2019 Alumni Lecture |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=UNIVERSITY OF GHANA |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714024125/https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana inda ta cancanci zama lauya. &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot; /&gt; Akuffo ta yi horo a matsayin lauya a ƙarƙashin [[Nana Akufo-Addo]], wacce daga baya ta zama [[Shugaban kasar Ghana|shugaban ƙasar Ghana]] a 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da digirin masters a fannin shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Sophia Akuffo ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zaman kanta kuma Jerry Rawlings ya naɗa ta a Kotun Koli a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1995. Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Cibiyar Ilimi ta Shari'a ta Commonwealth, &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shugabar Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Warware Rikici na tsawon shekaru da yawa. A watan Janairu na 2006, an zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin alkalan farko na [[Kotun Afirka kan Ƴancin Dan Adam da Jama'a|Kotun Afirka kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam da Jama'a]] :  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights Booklet |url=http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720085342/http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |archive-date=Jul 20, 2011 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; an zaɓe ta na tsawon shekaru biyu kuma daga baya aka sake zaɓe ta har zuwa 2014 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa da kuma shugabar kotun bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The African Court Judges - About the African Court - Coalition for an Effective African Court on Human and Peoples Rights |url=http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202191101/http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-date=2010-12-02 |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=www.africancourtcoalition.org |language=en |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;/&gt;

Akuffo ya kuma rubuta littafin ''The Application of Information &amp; Communication Technology in the Judicial Process – the Ghanan Experience'', wani gabatarwa ga African Judicial Network Ghana (2002).&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;/&gt;

=== Babban Alkalin Ghana ===
A ranar 11 ga Mayun shekara ta 2017, Nana Akuffo-Addo ta naɗa Akuffo a matsayin Alƙali mafi girma a Kotun Koli ta Ghana, bisa ga amincewar Majalisar Dokoki. &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;second2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaba Akuffo-Addo ya rantsar da ita a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2017 a matsayin Babban Alkali na 13 a Jamhuriyar Ghana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukuncin ƙarshe da ta shiga ciki shi ne a ranar 18 ga Disamban shekarar 2019 lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci mai ƙarfi cewa kotuna za su iya zama a ƙarshen mako da kuma a ranakun hutun banki don magance matsalolin shari'a na gaggawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma yi magana game da godiyarta ga wasu tsoffin [[Presidents of Ghana|shugabannin Ghana]] . Daga cikinsu akwai [[John Atta Mills]] wanda malaminta ne a fannin haraji a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana, sannan kuma ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta Haƙƙin Bil Adama a Habasha. Ta kuma ambaci [[Jerry Rawlings]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Koli a shekarar 1995 da kuma [[John Kufuor]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a a shekarar 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt; Ta zama shugabar wannan kotun tare da goyon bayan [[John Mahama]] kuma [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ya zaɓe ta a matsayin babban alkali.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubucen shari'a ==

* Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Kishin Kasa da Babban Lauyan Gwamnati (wanda kuma ake kira shari'ar CIBA) 1997 ICHRL 24 (12 Maris 1997)
* Abankro da Sauransu Vrs Ansah (J2 2 na 2009) [2016] GHASC 74 (9 Maris 2016)
* Banful da Wani Babban Lauyan Vrs da Wani (J1 7 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 21 (22 Yuni 2017)
* Ƙungiyar Masu Yaɗa Labarai Masu Zaman Kansu ta Ghana Vrs Babban Lauyan Gwamnati da Wani (J1 4 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 45 (3 Nuwamba 2017)
* Babban Lauyan Chraj Vrs da Sauransu (J1 3 na 2010) [2011] GHASC 19 (6 Afrilu 2011)

Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban alkalin alkalai, Akuffo ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 28 ga Maris 2020, [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ta nada Akuffo don jagorantar wani sabon Asusun Tallafawa na Kasa na COVID-19 wanda aka kaddamar a lokacin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tana kuma aiki a matsayin shugabar hukumar gudanarwa ta Jami'ar Ghana &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma tana da mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa da dama na kungiyoyi daban-daban. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iyali ==
Tana da 'ya mace mai suna Violet Padi da kuma jikoki biyu Samuel Osei da Cara Nyame. Tana da babban iyali, ciki har da 'yan'uwa mata biyar da ke raye, amma ana ganin ta fi kusa da ukun da aka ambata a sama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Babban Alkalin Ghana]]
* Lauyoyi mata na farko a duniya
* [[Shari'a ta Ghana|Hukumar Shari'a ta Ghana]]
* [[Jerin alƙalai na Kotun Koli na Ghana|Jerin alkalan Kotun Koli ta Ghana]]
* Kotun Koli ta Ghana
* Kellelo Justina Mafoso-Guni

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]]</text>
      <sha1>aff07ai2gafjzdawx93d3xt5z4l14jr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893081</id>
      <parentid>893080</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:29:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893081</origin>
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      <text bytes="10882" sha1="97f39hthy6v90u0f2egazzs1o0h65vd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Sophia Abena Boafoa Akuffo''' JSC (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1949) ita ce tsohuwar [[Babban Alkalin Ghana|babbar alkalin Ghana]] daga 19 ga Yunin shekarar 2017 har zuwa 20 ga Disamba 2019. Ta kasance alkali a Kotun Koli ta Ghana tun shekarar 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 June 2017 |title=Judiciary will use technology for quality justice - Justice Sophia Akuffo |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Judiciary-will-use-technology-for-quality-justice-Justice-Sophia-Akuffo-549940 |access-date=21 June 2017 |website= |publisher=Ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Diyar wani firist na Presbyterian, ta kuma yi karatun sakandare a Makarantar Parliament Hill, Hampstead, [[Landan|London]] da kuma [[Wesley Girls' Senior High School|Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Wesley]], Cape Coast, sannan ta sami digirin farko na shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Her Ladyship Chief Justice Sophia A.B. Akuffo Delivers 2019 Alumni Lecture |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=UNIVERSITY OF GHANA |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714024125/https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana inda ta cancanci zama lauya. &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot; /&gt; Akuffo ta yi horo a matsayin lauya a ƙarƙashin [[Nana Akufo-Addo]], wacce daga baya ta zama [[Shugaban kasar Ghana|shugaban ƙasar Ghana]] a 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da digirin masters a fannin shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Sophia Akuffo ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zaman kanta kuma Jerry Rawlings ya naɗa ta a Kotun Koli a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1995. Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Cibiyar Ilimi ta Shari'a ta Commonwealth, &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shugabar Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Warware Rikici na tsawon shekaru da yawa. A watan Janairu na 2006, an zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin alkalan farko na [[Kotun Afirka kan Ƴancin Dan Adam da Jama'a|Kotun Afirka kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam da Jama'a]] :  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights Booklet |url=http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720085342/http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |archive-date=Jul 20, 2011 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; an zaɓe ta na tsawon shekaru biyu kuma daga baya aka sake zaɓe ta har zuwa 2014 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa da kuma shugabar kotun bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The African Court Judges - About the African Court - Coalition for an Effective African Court on Human and Peoples Rights |url=http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202191101/http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-date=2010-12-02 |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=www.africancourtcoalition.org |language=en |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;/&gt;

Akuffo ya kuma rubuta littafin ''The Application of Information &amp; Communication Technology in the Judicial Process – the Ghanan Experience'', wani gabatarwa ga African Judicial Network Ghana (2002).&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;/&gt;

=== Babban Alkalin Ghana ===
A ranar 11 ga Mayun shekara ta 2017, Nana Akuffo-Addo ta naɗa Akuffo a matsayin Alƙali mafi girma a Kotun Koli ta Ghana, bisa ga amincewar Majalisar Dokoki. &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;second2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaba Akuffo-Addo ya rantsar da ita a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2017 a matsayin Babban Alkali na 13 a Jamhuriyar Ghana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukuncin ƙarshe da ta shiga ciki shi ne a ranar 18 ga Disamban shekarar 2019 lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci mai ƙarfi cewa kotuna za su iya zama a ƙarshen mako da kuma a ranakun hutun banki don magance matsalolin shari'a na gaggawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma yi magana game da godiyarta ga wasu tsoffin [[Presidents of Ghana|shugabannin Ghana]] . Daga cikinsu akwai [[John Atta Mills]] wanda malaminta ne a fannin haraji a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana, sannan kuma ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta Haƙƙin Bil Adama a Habasha. Ta kuma ambaci [[Jerry Rawlings]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Koli a shekarar 1995 da kuma [[John Kufuor]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta Ƴancin Dan Adam da Jama'a a shekarar 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt; Ta zama shugabar wannan kotun tare da goyon bayan [[John Mahama]] kuma [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ya zaɓe ta a matsayin babban alkali.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubucen shari'a ==

* Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Kishin Kasa da Babban Lauyan Gwamnati (wanda kuma ake kira shari'ar CIBA) 1997 ICHRL 24 (12 Maris 1997)
* Abankro da Sauransu Vrs Ansah (J2 2 na 2009) [2016] GHASC 74 (9 Maris 2016)
* Banful da Wani Babban Lauyan Vrs da Wani (J1 7 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 21 (22 Yuni 2017)
* Ƙungiyar Masu Yaɗa Labarai Masu Zaman Kansu ta Ghana Vrs Babban Lauyan Gwamnati da Wani (J1 4 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 45 (3 Nuwamba 2017)
* Babban Lauyan Chraj Vrs da Sauransu (J1 3 na 2010) [2011] GHASC 19 (6 Afrilun shekarar 2011)

Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban alkalin alkalai, Akuffo ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 28 ga Maris 2020, [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ta nada Akuffo don jagorantar wani sabon Asusun Tallafawa na Kasa na COVID-19 wanda aka kaddamar a lokacin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tana kuma aiki a matsayin shugabar hukumar gudanarwa ta Jami'ar Ghana &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma tana da mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa da dama na kungiyoyi daban-daban. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iyali ==
Tana da 'ya mace mai suna Violet Padi da kuma jikoki biyu Samuel Osei da Cara Nyame. Tana da babban iyali, ciki har da 'yan'uwa mata biyar da ke raye, amma ana ganin ta fi kusa da ukun da aka ambata a sama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Babban Alkalin Ghana]]
* Lauyoyi mata na farko a duniya
* [[Shari'a ta Ghana|Hukumar Shari'a ta Ghana]]
* [[Jerin alƙalai na Kotun Koli na Ghana|Jerin alkalan Kotun Koli ta Ghana]]
* Kotun Koli ta Ghana
* Kellelo Justina Mafoso-Guni

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]]</text>
      <sha1>97f39hthy6v90u0f2egazzs1o0h65vd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893082</id>
      <parentid>893081</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:29:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893082</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10896" sha1="piqfxkbnu2grb6ghgyxl5lqqhfpeq8h" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Sophia Abena Boafoa Akuffo''' JSC (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1949) ita ce tsohuwar [[Babban Alkalin Ghana|babbar alkalin Ghana]] daga 19 ga Yunin shekarar 2017 har zuwa 20 ga Disamba 2019. Ta kasance alkali a Kotun Koli ta Ghana tun shekarar 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 June 2017 |title=Judiciary will use technology for quality justice - Justice Sophia Akuffo |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Judiciary-will-use-technology-for-quality-justice-Justice-Sophia-Akuffo-549940 |access-date=21 June 2017 |website= |publisher=Ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Diyar wani firist na Presbyterian, ta kuma yi karatun sakandare a Makarantar Parliament Hill, Hampstead, [[Landan|London]] da kuma [[Wesley Girls' Senior High School|Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Wesley]], Cape Coast, sannan ta sami digirin farko na shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Her Ladyship Chief Justice Sophia A.B. Akuffo Delivers 2019 Alumni Lecture |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=UNIVERSITY OF GHANA |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714024125/https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana inda ta cancanci zama lauya. &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot; /&gt; Akuffo ta yi horo a matsayin lauya a ƙarƙashin [[Nana Akufo-Addo]], wacce daga baya ta zama [[Shugaban kasar Ghana|shugaban ƙasar Ghana]] a 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da digirin masters a fannin shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Sophia Akuffo ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zaman kanta kuma Jerry Rawlings ya naɗa ta a Kotun Koli a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1995. Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Cibiyar Ilimi ta Shari'a ta Commonwealth, &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shugabar Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Warware Rikici na tsawon shekaru da yawa. A watan Janairu na 2006, an zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin alkalan farko na [[Kotun Afirka kan Ƴancin Dan Adam da Jama'a|Kotun Afirka kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam da Jama'a]] :  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights Booklet |url=http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720085342/http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |archive-date=Jul 20, 2011 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; an zaɓe ta na tsawon shekaru biyu kuma daga baya aka sake zaɓe ta har zuwa 2014 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa da kuma shugabar kotun bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The African Court Judges - About the African Court - Coalition for an Effective African Court on Human and Peoples Rights |url=http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202191101/http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-date=2010-12-02 |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=www.africancourtcoalition.org |language=en |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;/&gt;

Akuffo ya kuma rubuta littafin ''The Application of Information &amp; Communication Technology in the Judicial Process – the Ghanan Experience'', wani gabatarwa ga African Judicial Network Ghana (2002).&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;/&gt;

=== Babban Alkalin Ghana ===
A ranar 11 ga Mayun shekara ta 2017, Nana Akuffo-Addo ta naɗa Akuffo a matsayin Alƙali mafi girma a Kotun Koli ta Ghana, bisa ga amincewar Majalisar Dokoki. &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;second2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaba Akuffo-Addo ya rantsar da ita a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2017 a matsayin Babban Alkali na 13 a Jamhuriyar Ghana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukuncin ƙarshe da ta shiga ciki shi ne a ranar 18 ga Disamban shekarar 2019 lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci mai ƙarfi cewa kotuna za su iya zama a ƙarshen mako da kuma a ranakun hutun banki don magance matsalolin shari'a na gaggawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma yi magana game da godiyarta ga wasu tsoffin [[Presidents of Ghana|shugabannin Ghana]] . Daga cikinsu akwai [[John Atta Mills]] wanda malaminta ne a fannin haraji a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana, sannan kuma ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta Haƙƙin Bil Adama a Habasha. Ta kuma ambaci [[Jerry Rawlings]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Koli a shekarar 1995 da kuma [[John Kufuor]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta Ƴancin Dan Adam da Jama'a a shekarar 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt; Ta zama shugabar wannan kotun tare da goyon bayan [[John Mahama]] kuma [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ya zaɓe ta a matsayin babban alkali.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubucen shari'a ==

* Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Kishin Kasa da Babban Lauyan Gwamnati (wanda kuma ake kira shari'ar CIBA) 1997 ICHRL 24 (12 Maris 1997)
* Abankro da Sauransu Vrs Ansah (J2 2 na 2009) [2016] GHASC 74 (9 Maris 2016)
* Banful da Wani Babban Lauyan Vrs da Wani (J1 7 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 21 (22 Yuni 2017)
* Ƙungiyar Masu Yaɗa Labarai Masu Zaman Kansu ta Ghana Vrs Babban Lauyan Gwamnati da Wani (J1 4 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 45 (3 Nuwamba 2017)
* Babban Lauyan Chraj Vrs da Sauransu (J1 3 na 2010) [2011] GHASC 19 (6 Afrilun shekarar 2011)

Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban alkalin alkalai, Akuffo ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 28 ga Maris ɗin shekarar 2020, [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ta nada Akuffo don jagorantar wani sabon Asusun Tallafawa na Kasa na COVID-19 wanda aka kaddamar a lokacin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tana kuma aiki a matsayin shugabar hukumar gudanarwa ta Jami'ar Ghana &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma tana da mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa da dama na kungiyoyi daban-daban. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iyali ==
Tana da 'ya mace mai suna Violet Padi da kuma jikoki biyu Samuel Osei da Cara Nyame. Tana da babban iyali, ciki har da 'yan'uwa mata biyar da ke raye, amma ana ganin ta fi kusa da ukun da aka ambata a sama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Babban Alkalin Ghana]]
* Lauyoyi mata na farko a duniya
* [[Shari'a ta Ghana|Hukumar Shari'a ta Ghana]]
* [[Jerin alƙalai na Kotun Koli na Ghana|Jerin alkalan Kotun Koli ta Ghana]]
* Kotun Koli ta Ghana
* Kellelo Justina Mafoso-Guni

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]]</text>
      <sha1>piqfxkbnu2grb6ghgyxl5lqqhfpeq8h</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893083</id>
      <parentid>893082</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:30:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893083</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10896" sha1="mk12xvd6blve77ozdcf5y0bk1284rbg" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Sophia Abena Boafoa Akuffo''' JSC (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1949) ita ce tsohuwar [[Babban Alkalin Ghana|babbar alkalin Ghana]] daga 19 ga Yunin shekarar 2017 har zuwa 20 ga Disamba 2019. Ta kasance alkali a Kotun Koli ta Ghana tun shekarar 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 June 2017 |title=Judiciary will use technology for quality justice - Justice Sophia Akuffo |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Judiciary-will-use-technology-for-quality-justice-Justice-Sophia-Akuffo-549940 |access-date=21 June 2017 |website= |publisher=Ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Diyar wani firist na Presbyterian, ta kuma yi karatun sakandare a Makarantar Parliament Hill, Hampstead, [[Landan|London]] da kuma [[Wesley Girls' Senior High School|Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Wesley]], Cape Coast, sannan ta sami digirin farko na shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Her Ladyship Chief Justice Sophia A.B. Akuffo Delivers 2019 Alumni Lecture |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=UNIVERSITY OF GHANA |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714024125/https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana inda ta cancanci zama lauya. &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot; /&gt; Akuffo ta yi horo a matsayin lauya a ƙarƙashin [[Nana Akufo-Addo]], wacce daga baya ta zama [[Shugaban kasar Ghana|shugaban ƙasar Ghana]] a 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da digirin masters a fannin shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Sophia Akuffo ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zaman kanta kuma Jerry Rawlings ya naɗa ta a Kotun Koli a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1995. Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Cibiyar Ilimi ta Shari'a ta Commonwealth, &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shugabar Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Warware Rikici na tsawon shekaru da yawa. A watan Janairu na 2006, an zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin alkalan farko na [[Kotun Afirka kan Ƴancin Dan Adam da Jama'a|Kotun Afirka kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam da Jama'a]] :  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights Booklet |url=http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720085342/http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |archive-date=Jul 20, 2011 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; an zaɓe ta na tsawon shekaru biyu kuma daga baya aka sake zaɓe ta har zuwa 2014 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa da kuma shugabar kotun bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The African Court Judges - About the African Court - Coalition for an Effective African Court on Human and Peoples Rights |url=http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202191101/http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-date=2010-12-02 |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=www.africancourtcoalition.org |language=en |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;/&gt;

Akuffo ya kuma rubuta littafin ''The Application of Information &amp; Communication Technology in the Judicial Process – the Ghanan Experience'', wani gabatarwa ga African Judicial Network Ghana (2002).&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;/&gt;

=== Babban Alkalin Ghana ===
A ranar 11 ga Mayun shekara ta 2017, Nana Akuffo-Addo ta naɗa Akuffo a matsayin Alƙali mafi girma a Kotun Koli ta Ghana, bisa ga amincewar Majalisar Dokoki. &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;second2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaba Akuffo-Addo ya rantsar da ita a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2017 a matsayin Babban Alkali na 13 a Jamhuriyar Ghana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukuncin ƙarshe da ta shiga ciki shi ne a ranar 18 ga Disamban shekarar 2019 lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci mai ƙarfi cewa kotuna za su iya zama a ƙarshen mako da kuma a ranakun hutun banki don magance matsalolin shari'a na gaggawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma yi magana game da godiyarta ga wasu tsoffin [[Presidents of Ghana|shugabannin Ghana]] . Daga cikinsu akwai [[John Atta Mills]] wanda malaminta ne a fannin haraji a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana, sannan kuma ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta Haƙƙin Bil Adama a Habasha. Ta kuma ambaci [[Jerry Rawlings]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Koli a shekarar 1995 da kuma [[John Kufuor]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta Ƴancin Dan Adam da Jama'a a shekarar 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt; Ta zama shugabar wannan kotun tare da goyon bayan [[John Mahama]] kuma [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ya zaɓe ta a matsayin babban alkali.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubucen shari'a ==

* Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Kishin Kasa da Babban Lauyan Gwamnati (wanda kuma ake kira shari'ar CIBA) 1997 ICHRL 24 (12 Maris 1997)
* Abankro da Sauransu Vrs Ansah (J2 2 na 2009) [2016] GHASC 74 (9 Maris 2016)
* Banful da Wani Babban Lauyan Vrs da Wani (J1 7 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 21 (22 Yuni 2017)
* Ƙungiyar Masu Yaɗa Labarai Masu Zaman Kansu ta Ghana Vrs Babban Lauyan Gwamnati da Wani (J1 4 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 45 (3 Nuwamba 2017)
* Babban Lauyan Chraj Vrs da Sauransu (J1 3 na 2010) [2011] GHASC 19 (6 Afrilun shekarar 2011)

Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban alkalin alkalai, Akuffo ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 28 ga Maris ɗin shekarar 2020, [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ta nada Akuffo don jagorantar wani sabon Asusun Tallafawa na Kasa na COVID-19 wanda aka kaddamar a lokacin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tana kuma aiki a matsayin shugabar hukumar gudanarwa ta Jami'ar Ghana &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma tana da mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa da dama na kungiyoyi daban-daban. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iyali ==
Tana da ƴa mace mai suna Violet Padi da kuma jikoki biyu Samuel Osei da Cara Nyame. Tana da babban iyali, ciki har da 'yan'uwa mata biyar da ke raye, amma ana ganin ta fi kusa da ukun da aka ambata a sama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Babban Alkalin Ghana]]
* Lauyoyi mata na farko a duniya
* [[Shari'a ta Ghana|Hukumar Shari'a ta Ghana]]
* [[Jerin alƙalai na Kotun Koli na Ghana|Jerin alkalan Kotun Koli ta Ghana]]
* Kotun Koli ta Ghana
* Kellelo Justina Mafoso-Guni

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]]</text>
      <sha1>mk12xvd6blve77ozdcf5y0bk1284rbg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893085</id>
      <parentid>893083</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:30:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893085</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10899" sha1="fai6999j5cqg3qgqdfxuhk3dyhljgd3" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Sophia Abena Boafoa Akuffo''' JSC (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1949) ita ce tsohuwar [[Babban Alkalin Ghana|babbar alkalin Ghana]] daga 19 ga Yunin shekarar 2017 har zuwa 20 ga Disamba 2019. Ta kasance alkali a Kotun Koli ta Ghana tun shekarar 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 June 2017 |title=Judiciary will use technology for quality justice - Justice Sophia Akuffo |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Judiciary-will-use-technology-for-quality-justice-Justice-Sophia-Akuffo-549940 |access-date=21 June 2017 |website= |publisher=Ghanaweb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Diyar wani firist na Presbyterian, ta kuma yi karatun sakandare a Makarantar Parliament Hill, Hampstead, [[Landan|London]] da kuma [[Wesley Girls' Senior High School|Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Wesley]], Cape Coast, sannan ta sami digirin farko na shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Her Ladyship Chief Justice Sophia A.B. Akuffo Delivers 2019 Alumni Lecture |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=UNIVERSITY OF GHANA |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714024125/https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/her-ladyship-chief-justice-sophia-ab-akuffo-delivers-2019-alumni-lecture |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana inda ta cancanci zama lauya. &lt;ref name=&quot;AKUFFO&quot; /&gt; Akuffo ta yi horo a matsayin lauya a ƙarƙashin [[Nana Akufo-Addo]], wacce daga baya ta zama [[Shugaban kasar Ghana|shugaban ƙasar Ghana]] a 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da digirin masters a fannin shari'a daga [[Jami'ar Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Sophia Akuffo ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zaman kanta kuma Jerry Rawlings ya naɗa ta a Kotun Koli a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1995. Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Cibiyar Ilimi ta Shari'a ta Commonwealth, &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma shugabar Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Warware Rikici na tsawon shekaru da yawa. A watan Janairu na 2006, an zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin alkalan farko na [[Kotun Afirka kan Ƴancin Dan Adam da Jama'a|Kotun Afirka kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam da Jama'a]] :  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights Booklet |url=http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720085342/http://www.ealawsociety.org/attachments/ACC_Guide_African_Court2008_ENG_01.pdf |archive-date=Jul 20, 2011 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; an zaɓe ta na tsawon shekaru biyu kuma daga baya aka sake zaɓe ta har zuwa 2014 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa da kuma shugabar kotun bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The African Court Judges - About the African Court - Coalition for an Effective African Court on Human and Peoples Rights |url=http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202191101/http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/editorial.asp?page_id=62 |archive-date=2010-12-02 |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=www.africancourtcoalition.org |language=en |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;second&quot;/&gt;

Akuffo ya kuma rubuta littafin ''The Application of Information &amp; Communication Technology in the Judicial Process – the Ghanan Experience'', wani gabatarwa ga African Judicial Network Ghana (2002).&lt;ref name=&quot;SophiaAkuffo1&quot;/&gt;

=== Babban Alkalin Ghana ===
A ranar 11 ga Mayun shekara ta 2017, Nana Akuffo-Addo ta naɗa Akuffo a matsayin Alƙali mafi girma a Kotun Koli ta Ghana, bisa ga amincewar Majalisar Dokoki. &lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Patrons of the Journal |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/ouclj/patrons-journal |access-date=8 April 2020 |publisher=The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;second2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=12 May 2017 |title=Ghana to have second successive female Chief Justice |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/05/12/ghana-to-have-second-successive-female-chief-justice/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Africa News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaba Akuffo-Addo ya rantsar da ita a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2017 a matsayin Babban Alkali na 13 a Jamhuriyar Ghana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukuncin ƙarshe da ta shiga ciki shi ne a ranar 18 ga Disamban shekarar 2019 lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci mai ƙarfi cewa kotuna za su iya zama a ƙarshen mako da kuma a ranakun hutun banki don magance matsalolin shari'a na gaggawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma yi magana game da godiyarta ga wasu tsoffin [[Presidents of Ghana|shugabannin Ghana]] . Daga cikinsu akwai [[John Atta Mills]] wanda malaminta ne a fannin haraji a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana, sannan kuma ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta Haƙƙin Bil Adama a Habasha. Ta kuma ambaci [[Jerry Rawlings]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Koli a shekarar 1995 da kuma [[John Kufuor]] wanda ya zaɓe ta a Kotun Afirka ta Ƴancin Dan Adam da Jama'a a shekarar 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt; Ta zama shugabar wannan kotun tare da goyon bayan [[John Mahama]] kuma [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ya zaɓe ta a matsayin babban alkali.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOPHIA2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubucen shari'a ==

* Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Kishin Kasa da Babban Lauyan Gwamnati (wanda kuma ake kira shari'ar CIBA) 1997 ICHRL 24 (12 Maris 1997)
* Abankro da Sauransu Vrs Ansah (J2 2 na 2009) [2016] GHASC 74 (9 Maris 2016)
* Banful da Wani Babban Lauyan Vrs da Wani (J1 7 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 21 (22 Yuni 2017)
* Ƙungiyar Masu Yaɗa Labarai Masu Zaman Kansu ta Ghana Vrs Babban Lauyan Gwamnati da Wani (J1 4 na 2016) [2017] GHASC 45 (3 Nuwamba 2017)
* Babban Lauyan Chraj Vrs da Sauransu (J1 3 na 2010) [2011] GHASC 19 (6 Afrilun shekarar 2011)

Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban alkalin alkalai, Akuffo ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 28 ga Maris ɗin shekarar 2020, [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ta nada Akuffo don jagorantar wani sabon Asusun Tallafawa na Kasa na COVID-19 wanda aka kaddamar a lokacin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tana kuma aiki a matsayin shugabar hukumar gudanarwa ta Jami'ar Ghana &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma tana da mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa da dama na kungiyoyi daban-daban. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Her Ladyship Justice Sophia A. B. Akuffo {{!}} Presbyterian University, Ghana |url=https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/her-ladyship-the-chief-justice-sophia-a-b-akuffo/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iyali ==
Tana da ƴa mace mai suna Violet Padi da kuma jikoki biyu Samuel Osei da Cara Nyame. Tana da babban iyali, ciki har da 'yan'uwa mata biyar da ke raye, to amma ana ganin ta fi kusa da ukun da aka ambata a sama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akufo-Addo for President '08 |url=http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204134018/http://www.akufoaddo.org/candidate |archive-date=Feb 4, 2010 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Babban Alkalin Ghana]]
* Lauyoyi mata na farko a duniya
* [[Shari'a ta Ghana|Hukumar Shari'a ta Ghana]]
* [[Jerin alƙalai na Kotun Koli na Ghana|Jerin alkalan Kotun Koli ta Ghana]]
* Kotun Koli ta Ghana
* Kellelo Justina Mafoso-Guni

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]]</text>
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'''Richard Wilding''' OBE (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Mayu 1965 ) masanin kimiyya ne na Burtaniya kuma ƙwararren masani ne a fannin dabaru, [[sufuri]] da kuma kula da sarkar samarwa. An san shi a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masana a duniya a cikin kayan aiki da kuma kula da sarkar samarwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Busch |first=Katja |date=March 2020 |title=Delivered: The Global Logistics Magazine |url=https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/delivered/documents/pdf/dhl-delivered-issue-3-2020.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shi ne tsohon Shugaban Cibiyar Kula da Kayayyaki da Sufuri ta Chartered a Burtaniya, &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 October 2019 |title=Alan Jones to lead CILT(UK) into its next century |url=https://ciltuk.org.uk/Membership/Organisation/Corporate/Corporate-News/ArtMID/8578/ArticleID/24116/Alan-Jones-to-lead-CILTUK-into-its-next-century |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Chartered Institute of Logistics &amp; Transport U.K. }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Busch |first=Katja |date=March 2020 |title=Delivered: The Global Logistics Magazine |url=https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/delivered/documents/pdf/dhl-delivered-issue-3-2020.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararru ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ke da hannu a harkokin sufuri da sufuri da kuma hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki. Shi ne kuma Farfesa na Emeritus a fannin Dabaru na Samar da Kayayyaki a [[Jami'ar Cranfield]] .

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Wilding a [[Sheffield]], Yorkshire, Ingila kuma ɗan Christine da Malcolm Wilding ne. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Princethorpe, Warwickshire . &lt;ref name=&quot;rugbyadvertiser.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=New Year's Honours: charity fundraiser and business brain among those on list from Rugby |url=http://www.rugbyadvertiser.co.uk/news/new-year-s-honours-charity-fundraiser-and-business-brain-among-those-on-list-from-rugby-1-4639877 |access-date=15 March 2017 |website=www.rugbyadvertiser.co.uk |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mahaifinsa, masanin kimiyyar lissafi, yana aiki a Jami'ar Sheffield . Wilding ya bayyana a wata hira da jaridar The Star Newspaper, Sheffield cewa ya koyi tafiya a kan hanyoyin sashen kimiyyar lissafi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Busch |first=Katja |date=March 2020 |title=Delivered: The Global Logistics Magazine |url=https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/delivered/documents/pdf/dhl-delivered-issue-3-2020.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ruwaito cewa ya sha wahala a makaranta sakamakon matsalar bin diddigin ido da ba a gano ba sai a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, wanda hakan ya sa ya sha wahala wajen jarrabawar makaranta. &lt;ref name=&quot;rugbyadvertiser.co.uk&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Wilding ya yi karatun Kimiyyar Kayan Aiki da Fasaha a Jami'ar Sheffield, inda ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1987. Ya kammala karatunsa na digirin digirgir, 'Uncertainty generation in supply chains', na ɗan lokaci yana aiki a Jami'ar Warwick, ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1998.

== Sana'a ==
Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya shafe shekaru da dama yana aiki a masana'antu kafin ya &quot;faɗa cikin makarantar ilimi ba zato ba tsammani&quot;, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Busch |first=Katja |date=March 2020 |title=Delivered: The Global Logistics Magazine |url=https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/delivered/documents/pdf/dhl-delivered-issue-3-2020.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya shiga ƙungiyar masana'antu ta Warwick a 1991. A shekarar 1998 ya koma Jami'ar Cranfield kuma aka ɗaukaka shi zuwa Farfesa kuma Shugaban Gudanar da Hadarin Sarkar Kayayyaki a 2006. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Busch |first=Katja |date=March 2020 |title=Delivered: The Global Logistics Magazine |url=https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/delivered/documents/pdf/dhl-delivered-issue-3-2020.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; An san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin &quot;Ubanni&quot; na wannan fanni  Wannan matsayin ya samo asali kuma a halin yanzu shi Farfesa ne na Dabarun Sarkar Kayayyaki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Professor Richard Wilding OBE |url=https://www.cranfield.ac.uk/som/people/professor-richard-wilding-327515 |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Cranfield University}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wannan matsayin ya ɗauki wasu mukamai daban-daban ciki har da Darakta, Amintacce kuma Shugaban Cibiyar Kula da Sufuri da Sufuri ta Chartered tsakanin 2011 da 2019 &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;  da Darakta kuma Amintacce na Cibiyar Kula da Sufuri ta Chartered a 2020.  An naɗa shi Malamin Koyarwa na Ƙasa a 2019 wanda ya ƙware a fannin andragogy a cikin yanayin kasuwanci. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wilding |first=Richard |date=2 October 2019 |title=How to teach the most demanding students of all |url=https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/news-and-views/NTFS-2019-How-to-teach-the-most-demanding-students-of-all |access-date=15 October 2019 |website=Advance HE - News and Views}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya yi aiki tare da BBC News  a rubuce da kuma tattaunawa kan kula da sarkar samar da kayayyaki, musamman batutuwan isar da kayayyaki a gida   Ya yi aiki da Channel 4 a wani shirin Dispatches mai suna &quot;Where's my missing mail&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Busch |first=Katja |date=March 2020 |title=Delivered: The Global Logistics Magazine |url=https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/delivered/documents/pdf/dhl-delivered-issue-3-2020.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an buga shi a Financial Times.   Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara yin gargaɗi game da katsewar sarkar samar da kayayyaki da ke tafe na [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] kuma kafofin watsa labarai na duniya sun ambaci shawarwarinsa da fahimtarsa game da tasirin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar coronavirus]] (misali  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Professor Richard Wilding OBE |url=https://www.cranfield.ac.uk/som/people/professor-richard-wilding-327515 |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Cranfield University}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=7 October 2015 |title=Cranfield supply chain professor to be new CILT chair - Logistics Real Estate |url=http://www.logistics-re.eu/first/cranfield-supply-chain-professor-to-be-new-cilt-chair/ |access-date=15 March 2017 |work=Logistics Real Estate |language=en-US |archive-date=16 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316204356/http://www.logistics-re.eu/first/cranfield-supply-chain-professor-to-be-new-cilt-chair/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cips.org/PageFiles/121350/CIPS%20Briefing%20Document%20GBT%20v20%2027.07.21.pdf https://www.cips.org/PageFiles/121350/CIPS%20Briefing%20Document%20GBT%20v20%2027.]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; ) Ya shiga cikin wani muhimmin muhawara ta talabijin a gidan talabijin na ƙasar Burtaniya mai suna &quot; Good Morning Britain &quot; yana ba da shawara kan sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba na tara kayayyaki a sarkar samar da kayayyaki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wilding |first=Richard |date=2 October 2019 |title=How to teach the most demanding students of all |url=https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/news-and-views/NTFS-2019-How-to-teach-the-most-demanding-students-of-all |access-date=15 October 2019 |website=Advance HE - News and Views}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 March 2020 |title=Is Coronavirus Stockpiling Selfish or Sensible? {{!}} Good Morning Britain |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55scb67iaIo |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=YouTube - Good Morning Britain}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An bayyana sha'awarsa a matsayin &quot;ƙirƙirar ayyuka a masana'antu don ƙara darajar abokan ciniki da rage farashi&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Busch |first=Katja |date=March 2020 |title=Delivered: The Global Logistics Magazine |url=https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/delivered/documents/pdf/dhl-delivered-issue-3-2020.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An fi saninsa da sabbin hanyoyinsa na sarrafa kayayyaki da samar da kayayyaki na duniya, &lt;ref name=&quot;IET Awards - IET Conferences&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=IET Awards - IET Conferences |url=http://conferences.theiet.org/achievement/winners/achievement/achieve-medals-winners.cfm |access-date=15 March 2017 |website=conferences.theiet.org |language=en-US |archive-date=22 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322215529/http://conferences.theiet.org/achievement/winners/achievement/achieve-medals-winners.cfm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; tasirinsa mai mahimmanci ga sana'ar &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=U.K. Haulier |date=October 4, 2017 |title=Cranfield Professor identified as top U.K. logistics professional in 2017 |url=https://www.ukhaulier.co.uk/news/road-transport/awards/cranfield-professor-identified-as-top-uk-logistics-professional-in-2017/ |access-date=October 16, 2017 |website=www.ukhaulier.co.uk |publication-date=October 4, 2017 |archive-date=October 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016225910/https://www.ukhaulier.co.uk/news/road-transport/awards/cranfield-professor-identified-as-top-uk-logistics-professional-in-2017/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma bidiyonsa da darussan ilimi na kan layi. Wilding ya fara amfani da shirye-shiryen vodcasts, podcasts da MOOCs don ilimin samar da kayayyaki, gami da Tashar YouTube &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Busch |first=Katja |date=March 2020 |title=Delivered: The Global Logistics Magazine |url=https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/delivered/documents/pdf/dhl-delivered-issue-3-2020.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma kwas ɗin kasuwanci na iTunesU mai nasara &quot;Supply Chain Management &amp; Logistics: Gabatarwa ga Ka'idoji da Manufofi&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Busch |first=Katja |date=March 2020 |title=Delivered: The Global Logistics Magazine |url=https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/delivered/documents/pdf/dhl-delivered-issue-3-2020.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2022 ya ƙaddamar da wani kwas na koyon Linkedin mai suna &quot;Gina Sarƙoƙin Samar da Kayayyaki Masu Juriya Don Ingantaccen Gudanar da Hadari&quot;.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Busch |first=Katja |date=March 2020 |title=Delivered: The Global Logistics Magazine |url=https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/delivered/documents/pdf/dhl-delivered-issue-3-2020.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lambobin yabo, girmamawa da kuma karramawa ==
Wilding ya sami lambobin yabo da dama saboda aikinsa da kuma tasirinsa a harkokin kasuwancin duniya. An nada shi a [[Order of the British Empire|matsayin Jami'in Mafi Kyau na Daular Burtaniya (OBE)]] a bikin karramawa na Sabuwar Shekara ta Sarauniya ta 2013  saboda hidimar kasuwanci.   A shekarar 2017 an ba shi kyautar &quot;gudummawar rayuwa ga horo da ci gaba a fannin sufuri&quot; a kyaututtukan baiwar jigilar kayayyaki, in ji ambaton &quot; ....ya kasance mai kwarin gwiwa da kuma kwarin gwiwa ga mutane da kamfanoni ta hanyar raba iliminsa na sufuri da samar da kayayyaki. Gudummawar da ya bayar a fannin rayuwa ba ta kai ta kowa ba&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Busch |first=Katja |date=March 2020 |title=Delivered: The Global Logistics Magazine |url=https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/delivered/documents/pdf/dhl-delivered-issue-3-2020.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Busch |first=Katja |date=March 2020 |title=Delivered: The Global Logistics Magazine |url=https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/delivered/documents/pdf/dhl-delivered-issue-3-2020.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba shi lambar yabo ta Viscount Nuffield Silver Medal for Nasara a Tsarin Zane da Samarwa a shekarar 2013 &lt;ref name=&quot;IET Awards - IET Conferences&quot;/&gt; tare da amincewa da shi a matsayin &quot;mai kirkire-kirkire kuma mai ilimi. Ya jagoranci kuma ya samar da sabbin hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki a cikin sarkokin samar da kayayyaki na kamfanoni marasa adadi ta hanyar jagorancinsa na fasaha tsawon sama da shekaru 20&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Busch |first=Katja |date=March 2020 |title=Delivered: The Global Logistics Magazine |url=https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/delivered/documents/pdf/dhl-delivered-issue-3-2020.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya lashe kyautar gudummawar gudummawar kai tsaye ta hanyar samar da kayayyaki ta Turai a shekarar 2010   da kuma kyautar bambancin sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta Turai &quot;Kyautar Sabis Mai Kyau don Jagorancin Tunani da Sabis ga Gudanar da Sufuri&quot;. 

An saka Wilding a cikin jerin sunayen mutane mafiya tasiri a masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki ta SHD tun daga shekarar 2015, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Busch |first=Katja |date=March 2020 |title=Delivered: The Global Logistics Magazine |url=https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/delivered/documents/pdf/dhl-delivered-issue-3-2020.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; jerin sunayen mutane mafiya tasiri a masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki ta Burtaniya. An ba shi lambar yabo ta &quot;Lambar Yabo ta Lantarki ta 100&quot; a shekarar 2017; wannan lambar yabo ta ware mutum a cikin jerin wanda a shekarar da ta gabata ya haifar da babban tasiri a cikin sana'ar.  Ta haka ne aka gane shi a matsayin babban ƙwararren sufuri na Burtaniya na 2017. &lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=U.K. Haulier |date=October 4, 2017 |title=Cranfield Professor identified as top U.K. logistics professional in 2017 |url=https://www.ukhaulier.co.uk/news/road-transport/awards/cranfield-professor-identified-as-top-uk-logistics-professional-in-2017/ |access-date=October 16, 2017 |website=www.ukhaulier.co.uk |publication-date=October 4, 2017 |archive-date=October 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016225910/https://www.ukhaulier.co.uk/news/road-transport/awards/cranfield-professor-identified-as-top-uk-logistics-professional-in-2017/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin jerin da aka sake mai da hankali kan 2019, ta amfani da sabbin ka'idojin hukunci, an gane shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tasiri na waje guda 5 na sana'ar jigilar kayayyaki daga jami'o'i, [[Trade association|ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci]] da hanyoyin sadarwa na ƙwarewa na gaba &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Busch |first=Katja |date=March 2020 |title=Delivered: The Global Logistics Magazine |url=https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/delivered/documents/pdf/dhl-delivered-issue-3-2020.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; An amince da Farfesa Wilding a matsayin mai tasiri na waje na lamba 1 daga jami'o'in Burtaniya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Busch |first=Katja |date=March 2020 |title=Delivered: The Global Logistics Magazine |url=https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/delivered/documents/pdf/dhl-delivered-issue-3-2020.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; An amince da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tasiri na Lantarki ta Duniya guda 10 akan LinkedIn: Jerin manyan masu tasiri na Lantarki ta hanyar samar da kayayyaki daga cikin masu amfani da Lantarki ta 660,000,000 a ƙasashe da yankuna 200 a faɗin duniya.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Busch |first=Katja |date=March 2020 |title=Delivered: The Global Logistics Magazine |url=https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/delivered/documents/pdf/dhl-delivered-issue-3-2020.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma sanya shi a matsayin mai tasiri a kan samar da wutar lantarki a lamba 1 a shafin Twitter tun daga shekarar 2014. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Professor Richard Wilding OBE |url=https://www.cranfield.ac.uk/som/people/professor-richard-wilding-327515 |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Cranfield University}}&lt;/ref&gt; An saka shi a cikin jerin sunayen [[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]  (AC Black) da [[Debrett's]]  da [[Marquis Who's Who]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=7 October 2015 |title=Cranfield supply chain professor to be new CILT chair - Logistics Real Estate |url=http://www.logistics-re.eu/first/cranfield-supply-chain-professor-to-be-new-cilt-chair/ |access-date=15 March 2017 |work=Logistics Real Estate |language=en-US |archive-date=16 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316204356/http://www.logistics-re.eu/first/cranfield-supply-chain-professor-to-be-new-cilt-chair/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]]
[[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]

==manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ofishin Firayim Minista (Thailand)</title>
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'''Ofishin Firayim Minista''' (Abrv: OPM; Thai) ita ce hukumar zartarwa ta tsakiya a cikin Gwamnatin Masarautar Thailand. An kuma rarraba shi a matsayin sashen majalisa kuma sakatare na dindindin ne ke jagoranta. Babban alhakinsa shine taimakawa Firayim Minista na Thailand a matsayin [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]] da shugaban majalisar ministocin Thailand. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
A matsayinta na hukumar zartarwa ta tsakiya, Ofishin Firayim Minista yana da alhakin daidaitawa da gudanar da reshen zartarwa na gwamnatin Thailand. Yana taimaka wa Firayim Ministoci wajen aiwatar da ayyukansu kuma yana taimaka musu gudanarwa da tsara manufofi. Har ila yau, yana aiki a matsayin ofishin majalisa, yin rikodin da kuma taimakawa majalisa a matsayin babban bangare na gwamnati. Firayim Minista dole ne ya nada sakatare na dindindin, wanda shi ma memba ne na majalisar ministoci, don kula da ayyukanta. Har ila yau, yana da ofisoshin mataimakan Firayim Ministoci daban-daban na Thailand. Ofishin yana cikin Gidan Gwamnati, a Dusit, [[Bangkok]] .

A ƙarshen 2016, OPM ta sami ƙarin aiki: a matsayin &quot;mai riƙe alkalami&quot; ga jami'an gwamnati da ake zargi da cin hanci da rashawa. Tsohon Firayim Minista Prayut Chan-o-cha ya yi kira ga ikonsa na musamman a karkashin Sashe na 44 na Yarjejeniyar wucin gadi don ƙirƙirar mukamai 50 a OPM don ma'aikatan gwamnati da ake bincike saboda zargin aikata laifi. Jami'an da aka sauya za su ci gaba da karɓar albashinsu.[1]

== Kudin kasafin kudi ==
Kasafin kudin OPM na shekara ta 2019 (FY2019) (1 ga Oktoba 2018-30 ga Satumba 2019) ya kai baht miliyan 41.216.2.&lt;ref name=&quot;BB-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-09-24 |title=Thailand's Budget in Brief Fiscal Year 2019 |url=http://www.bb.go.th/en/topic-detail.php?id=8322&amp;mid=456&amp;catID=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928200810/http://www.bb.go.th/en/topic-detail.php?id=8322&amp;mid=456&amp;catID=0 |archive-date=28 September 2018 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=Bureau of the Budget}}&lt;/ref&gt; : 82 Kasafin kudin ta ya kai baht miliyan 36,001.3 a cikin FY2016, baht miliyan 35,412.3 a cikin BY2017, da kuma baht miliyan 34,256.5 a cikin FW2018 . &lt;ref name=&quot;BB-2019&quot; /&gt;

== Sashen ==

=== Sashen ===

* Ofishin Sakatare na Dindindin
* Ma'aikatar Harkokin Jama'a ta Gwamnati (PRD) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ofishin Kwamitin Kare Abokin Ciniki

=== Hukumomin kai tsaye a karkashin Firayim Minista ===
Don jerin, duba ''Kasafin kudin Thailand a cikin Takaitaccen Shekarar Kudi ta 2019''. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Sakatariyar Firayim Minista
* Sakatariyar majalisar ministoci
** Hukumar sulhu ta kasa
** Royal Gazette
* Ofishin Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa (NSC) 
* Hukumar leken asiri ta kasa (NIA) 
* Ofishin Kasafin Kudi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ofishin Majalisar Jiha
* Ofishin Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka ta Jama'a
* Ofishin Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaban Jama'a ta Kasa
* Ofishin Hukumar Ci Gaban Sashen Jama'a
* Ofishin Hukumar Zuba Jari (BOI) 
* Ofishin Ma'aikatan Ruwa na Kasa (ONWR)  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ofishin Manufofin Ƙasa

=== Hukumomin sarrafawa a ƙarƙashin Ofishin Firayim Minista ===

* Kwamandan Tsaro na Cikin Gida (ISOC) 
* Cibiyar Kula da Jirgin Ruwa (MECC) 
* Cibiyar Gudanar da Yankin Kudancin (SBPAC) 

== Dubi kuma ==

* Firayim Minista na Thailand
* Ma'aikatar Thailand
* Jerin Ministocin Gwamnatin Thailand
* Gwamnatin Thailand

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Ofishin Firayim Minista''' (Abrv: OPM; Thai) ita ce hukumar zartarwa ta tsakiya a cikin Gwamnatin Masarautar Thailand. An kuma rarraba shi a matsayin sashen majalisa kuma sakatare na dindindin ne ke jagoranta. Babban alhakinsa shine taimakawa Firayim Minista na Thailand a matsayin [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]] da shugaban majalisar ministocin Thailand. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
A matsayinta na hukumar zartarwa ta tsakiya, Ofishin Firayim Minista yana da alhakin daidaitawa da gudanar da reshen zartarwa na gwamnatin Thailand. Yana taimaka wa Firayim Ministoci wajen aiwatar da ayyukansu kuma yana taimaka musu gudanarwa da tsara manufofi. Har ila yau, yana aiki a matsayin ofishin majalisa, yin rikodin da kuma taimakawa majalisa a matsayin babban bangare na gwamnati. Firayim Minista dole ne ya nada sakatare na dindindin, wanda shi ma memba ne na majalisar ministoci, don kula da ayyukanta. Har ila yau, yana da ofisoshin mataimakan Firayim Ministoci daban-daban na Thailand. Ofishin yana cikin Gidan Gwamnati, a Dusit, [[Bangkok]] .

A ƙarshen shekarar 2016, OPM ta sami ƙarin aiki: a matsayin &quot;mai riƙe alkalami&quot; ga jami'an gwamnati da ake zargi da cin hanci da rashawa. Tsohon Firayim Minista Prayut Chan-o-cha ya yi kira ga ikonsa na musamman a karkashin Sashe na 44 na Yarjejeniyar wucin gadi don ƙirƙirar mukamai 50 a OPM don ma'aikatan gwamnati da ake bincike saboda zargin aikata laifi. Jami'an da aka sauya za su ci gaba da karɓar albashinsu.[1]

== Kudin kasafin kudi ==
Kasafin kudin OPM na shekara ta 2019 (FY2019) (1 ga Oktoba 2018-30 ga Satumba 2019) ya kai baht miliyan 41.216.2.&lt;ref name=&quot;BB-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-09-24 |title=Thailand's Budget in Brief Fiscal Year 2019 |url=http://www.bb.go.th/en/topic-detail.php?id=8322&amp;mid=456&amp;catID=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928200810/http://www.bb.go.th/en/topic-detail.php?id=8322&amp;mid=456&amp;catID=0 |archive-date=28 September 2018 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=Bureau of the Budget}}&lt;/ref&gt; : 82 Kasafin kudin ta ya kai baht miliyan 36,001.3 a cikin FY2016, baht miliyan 35,412.3 a cikin BY2017, da kuma baht miliyan 34,256.5 a cikin FW2018 . &lt;ref name=&quot;BB-2019&quot; /&gt;

== Sashen ==

=== Sashen ===

* Ofishin Sakatare na Dindindin
* Ma'aikatar Harkokin Jama'a ta Gwamnati (PRD) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ofishin Kwamitin Kare Abokin Ciniki

=== Hukumomin kai tsaye a karkashin Firayim Minista ===
Don jerin, duba ''Kasafin kudin Thailand a cikin Takaitaccen Shekarar Kudi ta 2019''. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Sakatariyar Firayim Minista
* Sakatariyar majalisar ministoci
** Hukumar sulhu ta kasa
** Royal Gazette
* Ofishin Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa (NSC) 
* Hukumar leken asiri ta kasa (NIA) 
* Ofishin Kasafin Kudi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ofishin Majalisar Jiha
* Ofishin Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka ta Jama'a
* Ofishin Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaban Jama'a ta Kasa
* Ofishin Hukumar Ci Gaban Sashen Jama'a
* Ofishin Hukumar Zuba Jari (BOI) 
* Ofishin Ma'aikatan Ruwa na Kasa (ONWR)  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ofishin Manufofin Ƙasa

=== Hukumomin sarrafawa a ƙarƙashin Ofishin Firayim Minista ===

* Kwamandan Tsaro na Cikin Gida (ISOC) 
* Cibiyar Kula da Jirgin Ruwa (MECC) 
* Cibiyar Gudanar da Yankin Kudancin (SBPAC) 

== Dubi kuma ==

* Firayim Minista na Thailand
* Ma'aikatar Thailand
* Jerin Ministocin Gwamnatin Thailand
* Gwamnatin Thailand

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>ky5t7y970addbvwuat49s0it9ledovs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893104</id>
      <parentid>893103</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:34:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
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      <text bytes="5594" sha1="iqrwhjh3w7okm6ldpi8nh0ob1cynfvt" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''Ofishin Firayim Minista''' (Abrv: OPM; Thai) ita ce hukumar zartarwa ta tsakiya a cikin Gwamnatin Masarautar Thailand. An kuma rarraba shi a matsayin sashen majalisa kuma sakatare na dindindin ne ke jagoranta. Babban alhakinsa shine taimakawa Firayim Minista na Thailand a matsayin [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]] da shugaban majalisar ministocin Thailand. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
A matsayinta na hukumar zartarwa ta tsakiya, Ofishin Firayim Minista yana da alhakin daidaitawa da gudanar da reshen zartarwa na gwamnatin Thailand. Yana taimaka wa Firayim Ministoci wajen aiwatar da ayyukansu kuma yana taimaka musu gudanarwa da tsara manufofi. Har ila yau, yana aiki a matsayin ofishin majalisa, yin rikodin da kuma taimakawa majalisa a matsayin babban bangare na gwamnati. Firayim Minista dole ne ya nada sakatare na dindindin, wanda shi ma memba ne na majalisar ministoci, don kula da ayyukanta. Har ila yau, yana da ofisoshin mataimakan Firayim Ministoci daban-daban na Thailand. Ofishin yana cikin Gidan Gwamnati, a Dusit, [[Bangkok]] .

A ƙarshen shekarar 2016, OPM ta sami ƙarin aiki: a matsayin &quot;mai riƙe alkalami&quot; ga jami'an gwamnati da ake zargi da cin hanci da rashawa. Tsohon Firayim Minista Prayut Chan-o-cha ya yi kira ga ikonsa na musamman a karkashin Sashe na 44 na Yarjejeniyar wucin gadi don ƙirƙirar mukamai 50 a OPM don ma'aikatan gwamnati da ake bincike saboda zargin aikata laifi. Jami'an da aka sauya za su ci gaba da karɓar albashinsu.[1]

== Kudin kasafin kuɗi ==
Kasafin kuɗin OPM na shekara ta 2019 (FY2019) (1 ga Oktoba 2018-30 ga Satumba 2019) ya kai baht miliyan 41.216.2.&lt;ref name=&quot;BB-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-09-24 |title=Thailand's Budget in Brief Fiscal Year 2019 |url=http://www.bb.go.th/en/topic-detail.php?id=8322&amp;mid=456&amp;catID=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928200810/http://www.bb.go.th/en/topic-detail.php?id=8322&amp;mid=456&amp;catID=0 |archive-date=28 September 2018 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=Bureau of the Budget}}&lt;/ref&gt; : 82 Kasafin kudin ta ya kai baht miliyan 36,001.3 a cikin FY2016, baht miliyan 35,412.3 a cikin BY2017, da kuma baht miliyan 34,256.5 a cikin FW2018 . &lt;ref name=&quot;BB-2019&quot; /&gt;

== Sashen ==

=== Sashen ===

* Ofishin Sakatare na Dindindin
* Ma'aikatar Harkokin Jama'a ta Gwamnati (PRD) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ofishin Kwamitin Kare Abokin Ciniki

=== Hukumomin kai tsaye a karkashin Firayim Minista ===
Don jerin, duba ''Kasafin kudin Thailand a cikin Takaitaccen Shekarar Kudi ta 2019''. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Sakatariyar Firayim Minista
* Sakatariyar majalisar ministoci
** Hukumar sulhu ta kasa
** Royal Gazette
* Ofishin Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa (NSC) 
* Hukumar leken asiri ta kasa (NIA) 
* Ofishin Kasafin Kudi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ofishin Majalisar Jiha
* Ofishin Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka ta Jama'a
* Ofishin Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaban Jama'a ta Kasa
* Ofishin Hukumar Ci Gaban Sashen Jama'a
* Ofishin Hukumar Zuba Jari (BOI) 
* Ofishin Ma'aikatan Ruwa na Kasa (ONWR)  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ofishin Manufofin Ƙasa

=== Hukumomin sarrafawa a ƙarƙashin Ofishin Firayim Minista ===

* Kwamandan Tsaro na Cikin Gida (ISOC) 
* Cibiyar Kula da Jirgin Ruwa (MECC) 
* Cibiyar Gudanar da Yankin Kudancin (SBPAC) 

== Dubi kuma ==

* Firayim Minista na Thailand
* Ma'aikatar Thailand
* Jerin Ministocin Gwamnatin Thailand
* Gwamnatin Thailand

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>iqrwhjh3w7okm6ldpi8nh0ob1cynfvt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893106</id>
      <parentid>893104</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:35:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
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      <text bytes="5587" sha1="fuke1ifrmb2bnfpyzl22l3j6ktqb1kc" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''Ofishin Firayim Minista''' (Abrv: OPM; Thai) ita ce hukumar zartarwa ta tsakiya a cikin Gwamnatin Masarautar Thailand. An rarraba shi a matsayin sashen majalisa kuma sakatare na dindindin ne ke jagoranta. Babban alhakinsa shine taimakawa Firayim Minista na Thailand a matsayin [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]] da shugaban majalisar ministocin Thailand. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
A matsayinta na hukumar zartarwa ta tsakiya, Ofishin Firayim Minista yana da alhakin daidaitawa da gudanar da reshen zartarwa na gwamnatin Thailand. Yana taimaka wa Firayim Ministoci wajen aiwatar da ayyukansu kuma yana taimaka musu gudanarwa da tsara manufofi. Har ila yau, yana aiki a matsayin ofishin majalisa, yin rikodin da kuma taimakawa majalisa a matsayin babban bangare na gwamnati. Firayim Minista dole ne ya nada sakatare na dindindin, wanda shi ma memba ne na majalisar ministoci, don kula da ayyukanta. Har ila yau, yana da ofisoshin mataimakan Firayim Ministoci daban-daban na Thailand. Ofishin yana cikin Gidan Gwamnati, a Dusit, [[Bangkok]] .

A ƙarshen shekarar 2016, OPM ta sami ƙarin aiki: a matsayin &quot;mai riƙe alkalami&quot; ga jami'an gwamnati da ake zargi da cin hanci da rashawa. Tsohon Firayim Minista Prayut Chan-o-cha ya yi kira ga ikonsa na musamman a karkashin Sashe na 44 na Yarjejeniyar wucin gadi don ƙirƙirar mukamai 50 a OPM don ma'aikatan gwamnati da ake bincike saboda zargin aikata laifi. Jami'an da aka sauya za su ci gaba da karɓar albashinsu.[1]

== Kudin kasafin kudi ==
Kasafin kudin OPM na shekara ta 2019 (FY2019) (1 ga Oktoba 2018-30 ga Satumba 2019) ya kai baht miliyan 41.216.2.&lt;ref name=&quot;BB-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-09-24 |title=Thailand's Budget in Brief Fiscal Year 2019 |url=http://www.bb.go.th/en/topic-detail.php?id=8322&amp;mid=456&amp;catID=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928200810/http://www.bb.go.th/en/topic-detail.php?id=8322&amp;mid=456&amp;catID=0 |archive-date=28 September 2018 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=Bureau of the Budget}}&lt;/ref&gt; : 82 Kasafin kudin ta ya kai baht miliyan 36,001.3 a cikin FY2016, baht miliyan 35,412.3 a cikin BY2017, da kuma baht miliyan 34,256.5 a cikin FW2018 . &lt;ref name=&quot;BB-2019&quot; /&gt;

== Sashen ==

=== Sashen ===

* Ofishin Sakatare na Dindindin
* Ma'aikatar Harkokin Jama'a ta Gwamnati (PRD) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ofishin Kwamitin Kare Abokin Ciniki

=== Hukumomin kai tsaye a karkashin Firayim Minista ===
Don jerin, duba ''Kasafin kudin Thailand a cikin Takaitaccen Shekarar Kudi ta 2019''. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Sakatariyar Firayim Minista
* Sakatariyar majalisar ministoci
** Hukumar sulhu ta kasa
** Royal Gazette
* Ofishin Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa (NSC) 
* Hukumar leken asiri ta kasa (NIA) 
* Ofishin Kasafin Kudi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ofishin Majalisar Jiha
* Ofishin Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka ta Jama'a
* Ofishin Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaban Jama'a ta Kasa
* Ofishin Hukumar Ci Gaban Sashen Jama'a
* Ofishin Hukumar Zuba Jari (BOI) 
* Ofishin Ma'aikatan Ruwa na Kasa (ONWR)  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ofishin Manufofin Ƙasa

=== Hukumomin sarrafawa a ƙarƙashin Ofishin Firayim Minista ===

* Kwamandan Tsaro na Cikin Gida (ISOC) 
* Cibiyar Kula da Jirgin Ruwa (MECC) 
* Cibiyar Gudanar da Yankin Kudancin (SBPAC) 

== Dubi kuma ==

* Firayim Minista na Thailand
* Ma'aikatar Thailand
* Jerin Ministocin Gwamnatin Thailand
* Gwamnatin Thailand

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>fuke1ifrmb2bnfpyzl22l3j6ktqb1kc</sha1>
    </revision>
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      <id>893107</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:35:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
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      <text bytes="5597" sha1="n8pov45klwaaxgp3nowmlthcxuowk22" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''Ofishin Firayim Minista''' (Abrv: OPM; Thai) ita ce hukumar zartarwa ta tsakiya a cikin Gwamnatin Masarautar Thailand. An rarraba shi a matsayin sashen majalisa kuma sakatare na dindindin ne ke jagoranta. Babban alhakinsa shine taimakawa Firayim Minista na Thailand a matsayin [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]] da shugaban majalisar ministocin Thailand. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
A matsayinta na hukumar zartarwa ta tsakiya, Ofishin Firayim Minista yana da alhakin daidaitawa da gudanar da reshen zartarwa na gwamnatin Thailand. Yana taimaka wa Firayim Ministoci wajen aiwatar da ayyukansu kuma yana taimaka musu gudanarwa da tsara manufofi. Har ila yau, yana aiki a matsayin ofishin majalisa, yin rikodin da kuma taimakawa majalisa a matsayin babban bangare na gwamnati. Firayim Minista dole ne ya nada sakatare na dindindin, wanda shi ma memba ne na majalisar ministoci, don kula da ayyukanta. Har ila yau, yana da ofisoshin mataimakan Firayim Ministoci daban-daban na Thailand. Ofishin yana cikin Gidan Gwamnati, a Dusit, [[Bangkok]] .

A ƙarshen shekarar 2016, OPM ta sami ƙarin aiki: a matsayin &quot;mai riƙe alkalami&quot; ga jami'an gwamnati da ake zargi da cin hanci da rashawa. Tsohon Firayim Minista Prayut Chan-o-cha ya yi kira ga ikonsa na musamman a karkashin Sashe na 44 na Yarjejeniyar wucin gadi don ƙirƙirar mukamai 50 a OPM don ma'aikatan gwamnati da ake bincike saboda zargin aikata laifi. Jami'an da aka sauya za su ci gaba da karɓar albashinsu.[1]

== Kudin kasafin kudi ==
Kasafin kudin OPM na shekara ta 2019 (FY2019) (1 ga Oktoba 2018-30 ga Satumban shekarar 2019) ya kai baht miliyan 41.216.2.&lt;ref name=&quot;BB-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-09-24 |title=Thailand's Budget in Brief Fiscal Year 2019 |url=http://www.bb.go.th/en/topic-detail.php?id=8322&amp;mid=456&amp;catID=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928200810/http://www.bb.go.th/en/topic-detail.php?id=8322&amp;mid=456&amp;catID=0 |archive-date=28 September 2018 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=Bureau of the Budget}}&lt;/ref&gt; : 82 Kasafin kudin ta ya kai baht miliyan 36,001.3 a cikin FY2016, baht miliyan 35,412.3 a cikin BY2017, da kuma baht miliyan 34,256.5 a cikin FW2018 . &lt;ref name=&quot;BB-2019&quot; /&gt;

== Sashen ==

=== Sashen ===

* Ofishin Sakatare na Dindindin
* Ma'aikatar Harkokin Jama'a ta Gwamnati (PRD) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ofishin Kwamitin Kare Abokin Ciniki

=== Hukumomin kai tsaye a karkashin Firayim Minista ===
Don jerin, duba ''Kasafin kudin Thailand a cikin Takaitaccen Shekarar Kudi ta 2019''. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Sakatariyar Firayim Minista
* Sakatariyar majalisar ministoci
** Hukumar sulhu ta kasa
** Royal Gazette
* Ofishin Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa (NSC) 
* Hukumar leken asiri ta kasa (NIA) 
* Ofishin Kasafin Kudi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ofishin Majalisar Jiha
* Ofishin Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka ta Jama'a
* Ofishin Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaban Jama'a ta Kasa
* Ofishin Hukumar Ci Gaban Sashen Jama'a
* Ofishin Hukumar Zuba Jari (BOI) 
* Ofishin Ma'aikatan Ruwa na Kasa (ONWR)  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ofishin Manufofin Ƙasa

=== Hukumomin sarrafawa a ƙarƙashin Ofishin Firayim Minista ===

* Kwamandan Tsaro na Cikin Gida (ISOC) 
* Cibiyar Kula da Jirgin Ruwa (MECC) 
* Cibiyar Gudanar da Yankin Kudancin (SBPAC) 

== Dubi kuma ==

* Firayim Minista na Thailand
* Ma'aikatar Thailand
* Jerin Ministocin Gwamnatin Thailand
* Gwamnatin Thailand

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Ofishin Firayim Minista''' (Abrv: OPM; Thai) ita ce hukumar zartarwa ta tsakiya a cikin Gwamnatin Masarautar Thailand. An rarraba shi a matsayin sashen majalisa kuma sakatare na dindindin ne ke jagoranta. Babban alhakinsa shine taimakawa Firayim Minista na Thailand a matsayin [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]] da shugaban majalisar ministocin Thailand. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
A matsayinta na hukumar zartarwa ta tsakiya, Ofishin Firayim Minista yana da alhakin daidaitawa da gudanar da reshen zartarwa na gwamnatin Thailand. Yana taimaka wa Firayim Ministoci wajen aiwatar da ayyukansu kuma yana taimaka musu gudanarwa da tsara manufofi. Har ila yau, yana aiki a matsayin ofishin majalisa, yin rikodin da kuma taimakawa majalisa a matsayin babban bangare na gwamnati. Firayim Minista dole ne ya nada sakatare na dindindin, wanda shi ma memba ne na majalisar ministoci, don kula da ayyukanta. Har ila yau, yana da ofisoshin mataimakan Firayim Ministoci daban-daban na Thailand. Ofishin yana cikin Gidan Gwamnati, a Dusit, [[Bangkok]] .

A ƙarshen shekarar 2016, OPM ta sami ƙarin aiki: a matsayin &quot;mai riƙe alkalami&quot; ga jami'an gwamnati da ake zargi da cin hanci da rashawa. Tsohon Firayim Minista Prayut Chan-o-cha ya yi kira ga ikonsa na musamman a karkashin Sashe na 44 na Yarjejeniyar wucin gadi don ƙirƙirar mukamai 50 a OPM don ma'aikatan gwamnati da ake bincike saboda zargin aikata laifi. Jami'an da aka sauya za su ci gaba da karɓar albashinsu.[1]

== Kudin kasafin kudi ==
Kasafin kudin OPM na shekara ta 2019 (FY2019) (1 ga Oktoban shekarar 2018-30 ga Satumban shekarar 2019) ya kai baht miliyan 41.216.2.&lt;ref name=&quot;BB-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-09-24 |title=Thailand's Budget in Brief Fiscal Year 2019 |url=http://www.bb.go.th/en/topic-detail.php?id=8322&amp;mid=456&amp;catID=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928200810/http://www.bb.go.th/en/topic-detail.php?id=8322&amp;mid=456&amp;catID=0 |archive-date=28 September 2018 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=Bureau of the Budget}}&lt;/ref&gt; : 82 Kasafin kudin ta ya kai baht miliyan 36,001.3 a cikin FY2016, baht miliyan 35,412.3 a cikin BY2017, da kuma baht miliyan 34,256.5 a cikin FW2018 . &lt;ref name=&quot;BB-2019&quot; /&gt;

== Sashen ==

=== Sashen ===

* Ofishin Sakatare na Dindindin
* Ma'aikatar Harkokin Jama'a ta Gwamnati (PRD) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ofishin Kwamitin Kare Abokin Ciniki

=== Hukumomin kai tsaye a karkashin Firayim Minista ===
Don jerin, duba ''Kasafin kudin Thailand a cikin Takaitaccen Shekarar Kudi ta 2019''. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Sakatariyar Firayim Minista
* Sakatariyar majalisar ministoci
** Hukumar sulhu ta kasa
** Royal Gazette
* Ofishin Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa (NSC) 
* Hukumar leken asiri ta kasa (NIA) 
* Ofishin Kasafin Kudi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ofishin Majalisar Jiha
* Ofishin Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka ta Jama'a
* Ofishin Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaban Jama'a ta Kasa
* Ofishin Hukumar Ci Gaban Sashen Jama'a
* Ofishin Hukumar Zuba Jari (BOI) 
* Ofishin Ma'aikatan Ruwa na Kasa (ONWR)  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function |url=http://www.opm.go.th/opmportal//index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034641/https://www.opm.go.th/opmportal/index.asp?pageid=1629&amp;parent=1629&amp;directory=12163&amp;pagename=content1 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |access-date=20 Feb 2015 |website=Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Prime Minister's Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ofishin Manufofin Ƙasa

=== Hukumomin sarrafawa a ƙarƙashin Ofishin Firayim Minista ===

* Kwamandan Tsaro na Cikin Gida (ISOC) 
* Cibiyar Kula da Jirgin Ruwa (MECC) 
* Cibiyar Gudanar da Yankin Kudancin (SBPAC) 

== Dubi kuma ==

* Firayim Minista na Thailand
* Ma'aikatar Thailand
* Jerin Ministocin Gwamnatin Thailand
* Gwamnatin Thailand

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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{{Databox}}

'''Wong Tack''' ( simplified Chines ; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ : ''Vòng Tet'' ) [[Ɗan siyasa|ɗan siyasa ne ɗan]] ƙasar Malaysia kuma mai rajin kare muhalli wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan majalisar dokoki (MP) na Bentong daga watan Mayu na 2018 zuwa Nuwamban shekarar 2022. Ɗan ƙasa ne kuma memba ne na Jam'iyyar Democratic Action Party (DAP), wani ɓangare na jam'iyyar Pakatan Harapan (PH) kuma a da ƙungiyar Pakatan Rakyat (PR).

== Bayani ==
An haifi Wong a Seri Telemong, [[Bentong]], [[Pahang]], kuma ya zauna a [[Sabah]] na tsawon shekaru. Shi [[Malaysian Chinese|ɗan ƙasar Malaysia]] ne daga zuriyar [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]] (duk da cewa ƙungiyar yare mafi rinjaye a jihar Pahang galibi asalin [[Cantonese]] ne, amma duka ƙungiyoyin biyu suna da lardin kakanninsu ɗaya a China wanda shine [[Guangdong]] ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Nuwamba na 2018, an bayyana Wong a matsayin ɗan majalisar da ya fi talauci a cikin jerin sunayen kadarorin da ke bayyana kadarorinsa, inda yake samun kuɗin shiga na wata-wata na RM22,412.64 kamar yadda aka nuna a shafin yanar gizon hukuma na Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta Malaysia (MACC). 

== Fafutukar kare muhalli ==
Wong shi ne shugaban ''[[Himpunan Hijau]]'', ko kuma ''Green Assembly,'' wata ƙungiyar kare muhalli ta Malaysia da ke zanga-zangar adawa da Lynas Advanced Materials Plant (LAMP), wata masana'antar sarrafa ƙasa mai wahalar samu da ke aiki a Gebeng, Kuantan, Pahang wadda ya kafa a shekarar 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wong ne ke jagorantar ƙungiyar ''Save Malaysia Stop Lynas'' (SMSL) a halin yanzu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin siyasa ==

=== Ɗan Majalisa (2018–2022) ===

==== Babban zaɓen 2018 ====
An fara tsayar da Wong a babban zaɓen 2013 a matsayin ɗan takarar DAP don tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar dokoki ta Bentong &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya kusa kayar da shugaban ƙungiyar China ta Malaysia (MCA) Liow Tiong Lai, wanda ya sha kaye da jimillar ƙuri'u 379. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A babban zaɓen 2018 ya sake tsayawa takara &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya juya teburin zaɓe don kayar da Liow don zama ɗan majalisar dokoki ta Bentong da rinjayen 2,032. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Babban zaɓen 2022 ====
A ranar 26 ga Oktoba 2022, DAP ta sanar da cewa jam'iyyar ta janye Wong daga takarar kujerar Bentong a babban zaɓen 2022. Madadin haka, DAP ta yanke shawarar tsayar da Mataimakin Shugaban Matasa kuma ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Pahang (MLA) don takarar Ketari Young Syefura Othman don takarar kujerar. Sakataren Janar na DAP Anthony Loke ya yi hujjar cewa Young Syefura shine ɗan takarar da ya fi samun nasara. Loke ya kuma bayyana cewa an ba Wong damar tsayawa takarar kujerar Cameron Highlands, duk da haka Wong ya ƙi ta kuma Loke ya nuna girmamawarsa ga kin amincewa da shi. Da yake mayar da martani mai ƙarfi, Wong ya karya matsayinsa na jam'iyyar kuma ya sanar da cewa zai sake neman takarar ɗan majalisar Bentong ta hanyar tsayawa takarar kujerar Bentong a matsayin ɗan takara mai zaman kansa a karon farko, wanda hakan ya saɓa wa ƙa'idojin jam'iyyar da kuma ladabtarwa da kuma fuskantar haɗarin rasa shi memba na jam'iyyar. Ya jaddada cewa Bentong garinsu ne kuma babu buƙatar ya ƙaura daga Bentong da kuma yin amfani da salon siyasa na cikin gida da gwagwarmayar iko, ya kuma nisanta kansa da mutanensa daga gare su, yana mai lura da cewa mutane suna da 'yancin yanke shawara kan hanyoyinsu da makomarsu. Bugu da ƙari, ya soki jam'iyyar saboda rashin fahimtar juna a tsakaninsu kan yadda ta ba shi damar ci gaba da fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a bayan ya jagoranci ƙungiyar &quot;Himpunan Hijau&quot; (kore gathering) a babban zaɓen 2013. Bugu da ƙari, ya yaba da tarihin da ya samu na zama ɗan majalisar Bentong daga 2018 zuwa 2022 na tsawon shekaru 4 tare da sabunta alƙawarinsa na yi wa Bentong da mutanenta hidima. Tsohon dan majalisar Bentong Liow ya soki DAP saboda sauke Wong, wanda ya ce bai yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba a matsayin dan majalisar Bentong, kuma ya kwatanta hakan da satar damar da masu kada kuri'a na Bentong ke yi na hukunta Wong ta hanyar kin kaɗa masa kuri'a, ya kuma bayyana DAP a matsayin mai neman dama idan aka yi la'akari da shawarar da ta yanke na sauke wadanda ba su da aikin yi a matsayin 'yan takara don sake tsayawa takara don samun ƙarin kuri'u. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Bentong (Mazabar Tarayya)
* [[Himpunan Hijau]]
* Lynas

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]]</text>
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{{Databox}}

'''Wong Tack''' ( simplified Chines ; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ : ''Vòng Tet'' ) [[Ɗan siyasa|ɗan siyasa ne ɗan]] ƙasar Malaysia kuma mai rajin kare muhalli wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan majalisar dokoki (MP) na Bentong daga watan Mayu na 2018 zuwa Nuwamban shekarar 2022. Ɗan ƙasa ne kuma memba ne na Jam'iyyar Democratic Action Party (DAP), wani ɓangare na jam'iyyar Pakatan Harapan (PH) kuma a da ƙungiyar Pakatan Rakyat (PR).

== Bayani ==
An kuma haifi Wong a Seri Telemong, [[Bentong]], [[Pahang]], kuma ya zauna a [[Sabah]] na tsawon shekaru. Shi [[Malaysian Chinese|ɗan ƙasar Malaysia]] ne daga zuriyar [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]] (duk da cewa ƙungiyar yare mafi rinjaye a jihar Pahang galibi asalin [[Cantonese]] ne, amma duka ƙungiyoyin biyu suna da lardin kakanninsu ɗaya a China wanda shine [[Guangdong]] ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Nuwamba na 2018, an bayyana Wong a matsayin ɗan majalisar da ya fi talauci a cikin jerin sunayen kadarorin da ke bayyana kadarorinsa, inda yake samun kuɗin shiga na wata-wata na RM22,412.64 kamar yadda aka nuna a shafin yanar gizon hukuma na Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta Malaysia (MACC). 

== Fafutukar kare muhalli ==
Wong shi ne shugaban ''[[Himpunan Hijau]]'', ko kuma ''Green Assembly,'' wata ƙungiyar kare muhalli ta Malaysia da ke zanga-zangar adawa da Lynas Advanced Materials Plant (LAMP), wata masana'antar sarrafa ƙasa mai wahalar samu da ke aiki a Gebeng, Kuantan, Pahang wadda ya kafa a shekarar 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wong ne ke jagorantar ƙungiyar ''Save Malaysia Stop Lynas'' (SMSL) a halin yanzu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin siyasa ==

=== Ɗan Majalisa (2018–2022) ===

==== Babban zaɓen 2018 ====
An fara tsayar da Wong a babban zaɓen 2013 a matsayin ɗan takarar DAP don tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar dokoki ta Bentong &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya kusa kayar da shugaban ƙungiyar China ta Malaysia (MCA) Liow Tiong Lai, wanda ya sha kaye da jimillar ƙuri'u 379. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A babban zaɓen 2018 ya sake tsayawa takara &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya juya teburin zaɓe don kayar da Liow don zama ɗan majalisar dokoki ta Bentong da rinjayen 2,032. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Babban zaɓen 2022 ====
A ranar 26 ga Oktoba 2022, DAP ta sanar da cewa jam'iyyar ta janye Wong daga takarar kujerar Bentong a babban zaɓen 2022. Madadin haka, DAP ta yanke shawarar tsayar da Mataimakin Shugaban Matasa kuma ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Pahang (MLA) don takarar Ketari Young Syefura Othman don takarar kujerar. Sakataren Janar na DAP Anthony Loke ya yi hujjar cewa Young Syefura shine ɗan takarar da ya fi samun nasara. Loke ya kuma bayyana cewa an ba Wong damar tsayawa takarar kujerar Cameron Highlands, duk da haka Wong ya ƙi ta kuma Loke ya nuna girmamawarsa ga kin amincewa da shi. Da yake mayar da martani mai ƙarfi, Wong ya karya matsayinsa na jam'iyyar kuma ya sanar da cewa zai sake neman takarar ɗan majalisar Bentong ta hanyar tsayawa takarar kujerar Bentong a matsayin ɗan takara mai zaman kansa a karon farko, wanda hakan ya saɓa wa ƙa'idojin jam'iyyar da kuma ladabtarwa da kuma fuskantar haɗarin rasa shi memba na jam'iyyar. Ya jaddada cewa Bentong garinsu ne kuma babu buƙatar ya ƙaura daga Bentong da kuma yin amfani da salon siyasa na cikin gida da gwagwarmayar iko, ya kuma nisanta kansa da mutanensa daga gare su, yana mai lura da cewa mutane suna da 'yancin yanke shawara kan hanyoyinsu da makomarsu. Bugu da ƙari, ya soki jam'iyyar saboda rashin fahimtar juna a tsakaninsu kan yadda ta ba shi damar ci gaba da fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a bayan ya jagoranci ƙungiyar &quot;Himpunan Hijau&quot; (kore gathering) a babban zaɓen 2013. Bugu da ƙari, ya yaba da tarihin da ya samu na zama ɗan majalisar Bentong daga 2018 zuwa 2022 na tsawon shekaru 4 tare da sabunta alƙawarinsa na yi wa Bentong da mutanenta hidima. Tsohon dan majalisar Bentong Liow ya soki DAP saboda sauke Wong, wanda ya ce bai yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba a matsayin dan majalisar Bentong, kuma ya kwatanta hakan da satar damar da masu kada kuri'a na Bentong ke yi na hukunta Wong ta hanyar kin kaɗa masa kuri'a, ya kuma bayyana DAP a matsayin mai neman dama idan aka yi la'akari da shawarar da ta yanke na sauke wadanda ba su da aikin yi a matsayin 'yan takara don sake tsayawa takara don samun ƙarin kuri'u. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Bentong (Mazabar Tarayya)
* [[Himpunan Hijau]]
* Lynas

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>893047</id>
      <parentid>893046</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:19:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
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{{Databox}}

'''Wong Tack''' ( simplified Chines ; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ : ''Vòng Tet'' ) [[Ɗan siyasa|ɗan siyasa ne ɗan]] ƙasar Malaysia kuma mai rajin kare muhalli wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan majalisar dokoki (MP) na Bentong daga watan Mayu na 2018 zuwa Nuwamban shekarar 2022. Ɗan ƙasa ne kuma memba ne na Jam'iyyar Democratic Action Party (DAP), wani ɓangare na jam'iyyar Pakatan Harapan (PH) kuma a da ƙungiyar Pakatan Rakyat (PR).

== Bayani ==
An kuma haifi Wong a Seri Telemong, [[Bentong]], [[Pahang]], kuma ya zauna a [[Sabah]] na tsawon shekaru. Shi [[Malaysian Chinese|ɗan ƙasar Malaysia]] ne daga zuriyar [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]] (duk da cewa ƙungiyar yare mafi rinjaye a jihar Pahang galibi asalin [[Cantonese]] ne, amma duka ƙungiyoyin biyu suna da lardin kakanninsu ɗaya a China wanda shine [[Guangdong]] ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2018, an bayyana Wong a matsayin ɗan majalisar da ya fi talauci a cikin jerin sunayen kadarorin da ke bayyana kadarorinsa, inda yake samun kuɗin shiga na wata-wata na RM22,412.64 kamar yadda aka nuna a shafin yanar gizon hukuma na Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta Malaysia (MACC). 

== Fafutukar kare muhalli ==
Wong shi ne shugaban ''[[Himpunan Hijau]]'', ko kuma ''Green Assembly,'' wata ƙungiyar kare muhalli ta Malaysia da ke zanga-zangar adawa da Lynas Advanced Materials Plant (LAMP), wata masana'antar sarrafa ƙasa mai wahalar samu da ke aiki a Gebeng, Kuantan, Pahang wadda ya kafa a shekarar 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wong ne ke jagorantar ƙungiyar ''Save Malaysia Stop Lynas'' (SMSL) a halin yanzu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin siyasa ==

=== Ɗan Majalisa (2018–2022) ===

==== Babban zaɓen 2018 ====
An fara tsayar da Wong a babban zaɓen 2013 a matsayin ɗan takarar DAP don tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar dokoki ta Bentong &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya kusa kayar da shugaban ƙungiyar China ta Malaysia (MCA) Liow Tiong Lai, wanda ya sha kaye da jimillar ƙuri'u 379. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A babban zaɓen 2018 ya sake tsayawa takara &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya juya teburin zaɓe don kayar da Liow don zama ɗan majalisar dokoki ta Bentong da rinjayen 2,032. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Babban zaɓen 2022 ====
A ranar 26 ga Oktoba 2022, DAP ta sanar da cewa jam'iyyar ta janye Wong daga takarar kujerar Bentong a babban zaɓen 2022. Madadin haka, DAP ta yanke shawarar tsayar da Mataimakin Shugaban Matasa kuma ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Pahang (MLA) don takarar Ketari Young Syefura Othman don takarar kujerar. Sakataren Janar na DAP Anthony Loke ya yi hujjar cewa Young Syefura shine ɗan takarar da ya fi samun nasara. Loke ya kuma bayyana cewa an ba Wong damar tsayawa takarar kujerar Cameron Highlands, duk da haka Wong ya ƙi ta kuma Loke ya nuna girmamawarsa ga kin amincewa da shi. Da yake mayar da martani mai ƙarfi, Wong ya karya matsayinsa na jam'iyyar kuma ya sanar da cewa zai sake neman takarar ɗan majalisar Bentong ta hanyar tsayawa takarar kujerar Bentong a matsayin ɗan takara mai zaman kansa a karon farko, wanda hakan ya saɓa wa ƙa'idojin jam'iyyar da kuma ladabtarwa da kuma fuskantar haɗarin rasa shi memba na jam'iyyar. Ya jaddada cewa Bentong garinsu ne kuma babu buƙatar ya ƙaura daga Bentong da kuma yin amfani da salon siyasa na cikin gida da gwagwarmayar iko, ya kuma nisanta kansa da mutanensa daga gare su, yana mai lura da cewa mutane suna da 'yancin yanke shawara kan hanyoyinsu da makomarsu. Bugu da ƙari, ya soki jam'iyyar saboda rashin fahimtar juna a tsakaninsu kan yadda ta ba shi damar ci gaba da fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a bayan ya jagoranci ƙungiyar &quot;Himpunan Hijau&quot; (kore gathering) a babban zaɓen 2013. Bugu da ƙari, ya yaba da tarihin da ya samu na zama ɗan majalisar Bentong daga 2018 zuwa 2022 na tsawon shekaru 4 tare da sabunta alƙawarinsa na yi wa Bentong da mutanenta hidima. Tsohon dan majalisar Bentong Liow ya soki DAP saboda sauke Wong, wanda ya ce bai yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba a matsayin dan majalisar Bentong, kuma ya kwatanta hakan da satar damar da masu kada kuri'a na Bentong ke yi na hukunta Wong ta hanyar kin kaɗa masa kuri'a, ya kuma bayyana DAP a matsayin mai neman dama idan aka yi la'akari da shawarar da ta yanke na sauke wadanda ba su da aikin yi a matsayin 'yan takara don sake tsayawa takara don samun ƙarin kuri'u. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Bentong (Mazabar Tarayya)
* [[Himpunan Hijau]]
* Lynas

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]]</text>
      <sha1>2wm62jl18bprdelnezddb8d7c2sy49d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893049</id>
      <parentid>893047</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:19:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893049</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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{{Databox}}

'''Wong Tack''' ( simplified Chines ; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ : ''Vòng Tet'' ) [[Ɗan siyasa|ɗan siyasa ne ɗan]] ƙasar Malaysia kuma mai rajin kare muhalli wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan majalisar dokoki (MP) na Bentong daga watan Mayu na 2018 zuwa Nuwamban shekarar 2022. Ɗan ƙasa ne kuma memba ne na Jam'iyyar Democratic Action Party (DAP), wani ɓangare na jam'iyyar Pakatan Harapan (PH) kuma a da ƙungiyar Pakatan Rakyat (PR).

== Bayani ==
An kuma haifi Wong a Seri Telemong, [[Bentong]], [[Pahang]], kuma ya zauna a [[Sabah]] na tsawon shekaru. Shi [[Malaysian Chinese|ɗan ƙasar Malaysia]] ne daga zuriyar [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]] (duk da cewa ƙungiyar yare mafi rinjaye a jihar Pahang galibi asalin [[Cantonese]] ne, amma duka ƙungiyoyin biyu suna da lardin kakanninsu ɗaya a China wanda shine [[Guangdong]] ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2018, an bayyana Wong a matsayin ɗan majalisar da ya fi talauci a cikin jerin sunayen kadarorin da ke bayyana kadarorinsa, inda yake samun kuɗin shiga na wata-wata na RM22,412.64 kamar yadda aka nuna a shafin yanar gizon hukuma na Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta Malaysia (MACC). 

== Fafutukar kare muhalli ==
Wong shi ne shugaban ''[[Himpunan Hijau]]'', ko kuma ''Green Assembly,'' wata ƙungiyar kare muhalli ta Malaysia da ke zanga-zangar adawa da Lynas Advanced Materials Plant (LAMP), wata masana'antar sarrafa ƙasa mai wahalar samu da ke aiki a Gebeng, Kuantan, Pahang wadda ya kafa a shekarar 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wong ne ke jagorantar ƙungiyar ''Save Malaysia Stop Lynas'' (SMSL) a halin yanzu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin siyasa ==

=== Ɗan Majalisa (2018–2022) ===

==== Babban zaɓen 2018 ====
An fara tsayar da Wong a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2013 a matsayin ɗan takarar DAP don tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar dokoki ta Bentong &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya kusa kayar da shugaban ƙungiyar China ta Malaysia (MCA) Liow Tiong Lai, wanda ya sha kaye da jimillar ƙuri'u 379. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A babban zaɓen 2018 ya sake tsayawa takara &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya juya teburin zaɓe don kayar da Liow don zama ɗan majalisar dokoki ta Bentong da rinjayen 2,032. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Babban zaɓen 2022 ====
A ranar 26 ga Oktoba 2022, DAP ta sanar da cewa jam'iyyar ta janye Wong daga takarar kujerar Bentong a babban zaɓen 2022. Madadin haka, DAP ta yanke shawarar tsayar da Mataimakin Shugaban Matasa kuma ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Pahang (MLA) don takarar Ketari Young Syefura Othman don takarar kujerar. Sakataren Janar na DAP Anthony Loke ya yi hujjar cewa Young Syefura shine ɗan takarar da ya fi samun nasara. Loke ya kuma bayyana cewa an ba Wong damar tsayawa takarar kujerar Cameron Highlands, duk da haka Wong ya ƙi ta kuma Loke ya nuna girmamawarsa ga kin amincewa da shi. Da yake mayar da martani mai ƙarfi, Wong ya karya matsayinsa na jam'iyyar kuma ya sanar da cewa zai sake neman takarar ɗan majalisar Bentong ta hanyar tsayawa takarar kujerar Bentong a matsayin ɗan takara mai zaman kansa a karon farko, wanda hakan ya saɓa wa ƙa'idojin jam'iyyar da kuma ladabtarwa da kuma fuskantar haɗarin rasa shi memba na jam'iyyar. Ya jaddada cewa Bentong garinsu ne kuma babu buƙatar ya ƙaura daga Bentong da kuma yin amfani da salon siyasa na cikin gida da gwagwarmayar iko, ya kuma nisanta kansa da mutanensa daga gare su, yana mai lura da cewa mutane suna da 'yancin yanke shawara kan hanyoyinsu da makomarsu. Bugu da ƙari, ya soki jam'iyyar saboda rashin fahimtar juna a tsakaninsu kan yadda ta ba shi damar ci gaba da fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a bayan ya jagoranci ƙungiyar &quot;Himpunan Hijau&quot; (kore gathering) a babban zaɓen 2013. Bugu da ƙari, ya yaba da tarihin da ya samu na zama ɗan majalisar Bentong daga 2018 zuwa 2022 na tsawon shekaru 4 tare da sabunta alƙawarinsa na yi wa Bentong da mutanenta hidima. Tsohon dan majalisar Bentong Liow ya soki DAP saboda sauke Wong, wanda ya ce bai yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba a matsayin dan majalisar Bentong, kuma ya kwatanta hakan da satar damar da masu kada kuri'a na Bentong ke yi na hukunta Wong ta hanyar kin kaɗa masa kuri'a, ya kuma bayyana DAP a matsayin mai neman dama idan aka yi la'akari da shawarar da ta yanke na sauke wadanda ba su da aikin yi a matsayin 'yan takara don sake tsayawa takara don samun ƙarin kuri'u. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Bentong (Mazabar Tarayya)
* [[Himpunan Hijau]]
* Lynas

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893050</id>
      <parentid>893049</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:20:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893050</origin>
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{{Databox}}

'''Wong Tack''' ( simplified Chines ; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ : ''Vòng Tet'' ) [[Ɗan siyasa|ɗan siyasa ne ɗan]] ƙasar Malaysia kuma mai rajin kare muhalli wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan majalisar dokoki (MP) na Bentong daga watan Mayu na 2018 zuwa Nuwamban shekarar 2022. Ɗan ƙasa ne kuma memba ne na Jam'iyyar Democratic Action Party (DAP), wani ɓangare na jam'iyyar Pakatan Harapan (PH) kuma a da ƙungiyar Pakatan Rakyat (PR).

== Bayani ==
An kuma haifi Wong a Seri Telemong, [[Bentong]], [[Pahang]], kuma ya zauna a [[Sabah]] na tsawon shekaru. Shi [[Malaysian Chinese|ɗan ƙasar Malaysia]] ne daga zuriyar [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]] (duk da cewa ƙungiyar yare mafi rinjaye a jihar Pahang galibi asalin [[Cantonese]] ne, amma duka ƙungiyoyin biyu suna da lardin kakanninsu ɗaya a China wanda shine [[Guangdong]] ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2018, an bayyana Wong a matsayin ɗan majalisar da ya fi talauci a cikin jerin sunayen kadarorin da ke bayyana kadarorinsa, inda yake samun kuɗin shiga na wata-wata na RM22,412.64 kamar yadda aka nuna a shafin yanar gizon hukuma na Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta Malaysia (MACC). 

== Fafutukar kare muhalli ==
Wong shi ne shugaban ''[[Himpunan Hijau]]'', ko kuma ''Green Assembly,'' wata ƙungiyar kare muhalli ta Malaysia da ke zanga-zangar adawa da Lynas Advanced Materials Plant (LAMP), wata masana'antar sarrafa ƙasa mai wahalar samu da ke aiki a Gebeng, Kuantan, Pahang wadda ya kafa a shekarar 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wong ne ke jagorantar ƙungiyar ''Save Malaysia Stop Lynas'' (SMSL) a halin yanzu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin siyasa ==

=== Ɗan Majalisa (2018–2022) ===

==== Babban zaɓen 2018 ====
An fara tsayar da Wong a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2013 a matsayin ɗan takarar DAP don tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar dokoki ta Bentong &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya kusa kayar da shugaban ƙungiyar China ta Malaysia (MCA) Liow Tiong Lai, wanda ya sha kaye da jimillar ƙuri'u 379. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A babban zaɓen 2018 ya sake tsayawa takara &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya juya teburin zaɓe don kayar da Liow don zama ɗan majalisar dokoki ta Bentong da rinjayen 2,032. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Babban zaɓen 2022 ====
A ranar 26 ga Oktoban shekarar 2022, DAP ta sanar da cewa jam'iyyar ta janye Wong daga takarar kujerar Bentong a babban zaɓen 2022. Madadin haka, DAP ta yanke shawarar tsayar da Mataimakin Shugaban Matasa kuma ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Pahang (MLA) don takarar Ketari Young Syefura Othman don takarar kujerar. Sakataren Janar na DAP Anthony Loke ya yi hujjar cewa Young Syefura shine ɗan takarar da ya fi samun nasara. Loke ya kuma bayyana cewa an ba Wong damar tsayawa takarar kujerar Cameron Highlands, duk da haka Wong ya ƙi ta kuma Loke ya nuna girmamawarsa ga kin amincewa da shi. Da yake mayar da martani mai ƙarfi, Wong ya karya matsayinsa na jam'iyyar kuma ya sanar da cewa zai sake neman takarar ɗan majalisar Bentong ta hanyar tsayawa takarar kujerar Bentong a matsayin ɗan takara mai zaman kansa a karon farko, wanda hakan ya saɓa wa ƙa'idojin jam'iyyar da kuma ladabtarwa da kuma fuskantar haɗarin rasa shi memba na jam'iyyar. Ya jaddada cewa Bentong garinsu ne kuma babu buƙatar ya ƙaura daga Bentong da kuma yin amfani da salon siyasa na cikin gida da gwagwarmayar iko, ya kuma nisanta kansa da mutanensa daga gare su, yana mai lura da cewa mutane suna da 'yancin yanke shawara kan hanyoyinsu da makomarsu. Bugu da ƙari, ya soki jam'iyyar saboda rashin fahimtar juna a tsakaninsu kan yadda ta ba shi damar ci gaba da fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a bayan ya jagoranci ƙungiyar &quot;Himpunan Hijau&quot; (kore gathering) a babban zaɓen 2013. Bugu da ƙari, ya yaba da tarihin da ya samu na zama ɗan majalisar Bentong daga 2018 zuwa 2022 na tsawon shekaru 4 tare da sabunta alƙawarinsa na yi wa Bentong da mutanenta hidima. Tsohon dan majalisar Bentong Liow ya soki DAP saboda sauke Wong, wanda ya ce bai yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba a matsayin dan majalisar Bentong, kuma ya kwatanta hakan da satar damar da masu kada kuri'a na Bentong ke yi na hukunta Wong ta hanyar kin kaɗa masa kuri'a, ya kuma bayyana DAP a matsayin mai neman dama idan aka yi la'akari da shawarar da ta yanke na sauke wadanda ba su da aikin yi a matsayin 'yan takara don sake tsayawa takara don samun ƙarin kuri'u. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Bentong (Mazabar Tarayya)
* [[Himpunan Hijau]]
* Lynas

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]]</text>
      <sha1>0cgtrtorm4fuqntmy84qlnwtzw5naru</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893051</id>
      <parentid>893050</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:20:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893051</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8082" sha1="lfx2fdf6zl1enlj68tod9p2ydh6316x" xml:space="preserve"> 

{{Databox}}

'''Wong Tack''' ( simplified Chines ; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ : ''Vòng Tet'' ) [[Ɗan siyasa|ɗan siyasa ne ɗan]] ƙasar Malaysia kuma mai rajin kare muhalli wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan majalisar dokoki (MP) na Bentong daga watan Mayu na 2018 zuwa Nuwamban shekarar 2022. Ɗan ƙasa ne kuma memba ne na Jam'iyyar Democratic Action Party (DAP), wani ɓangare na jam'iyyar Pakatan Harapan (PH) kuma a da ƙungiyar Pakatan Rakyat (PR).

== Bayani ==
An kuma haifi Wong a Seri Telemong, [[Bentong]], [[Pahang]], kuma ya zauna a [[Sabah]] na tsawon shekaru. Shi [[Malaysian Chinese|ɗan ƙasar Malaysia]] ne daga zuriyar [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]] (duk da cewa ƙungiyar yare mafi rinjaye a jihar Pahang galibi asalin [[Cantonese]] ne, amma duka ƙungiyoyin biyu suna da lardin kakanninsu ɗaya a China wanda shine [[Guangdong]] ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2018, an bayyana Wong a matsayin ɗan majalisar da ya fi talauci a cikin jerin sunayen kadarorin da ke bayyana kadarorinsa, inda yake samun kuɗin shiga na wata-wata na RM22,412.64 kamar yadda aka nuna a shafin yanar gizon hukuma na Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta Malaysia (MACC). 

== Fafutukar kare muhalli ==
Wong shi ne shugaban ''[[Himpunan Hijau]]'', ko kuma ''Green Assembly,'' wata ƙungiyar kare muhalli ta Malaysia da ke zanga-zangar adawa da Lynas Advanced Materials Plant (LAMP), wata masana'antar sarrafa ƙasa mai wahalar samu da ke aiki a Gebeng, Kuantan, Pahang wadda ya kafa a shekarar 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wong ne ke jagorantar ƙungiyar ''Save Malaysia Stop Lynas'' (SMSL) a halin yanzu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin siyasa ==

=== Ɗan Majalisa (2018–2022) ===

==== Babban zaɓen 2018 ====
An fara tsayar da Wong a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2013 a matsayin ɗan takarar DAP don tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar dokoki ta Bentong &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya kusa kayar da shugaban ƙungiyar China ta Malaysia (MCA) Liow Tiong Lai, wanda ya sha kaye da jimillar ƙuri'u 379. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A babban zaɓen 2018 ya sake tsayawa takara &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya juya teburin zaɓe don kayar da Liow don zama ɗan majalisar dokoki ta Bentong da rinjayen 2,032. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Babban zaɓen 2022 ====
A ranar 26 ga Oktoban shekarar 2022, DAP ta sanar da cewa jam'iyyar ta janye Wong daga takarar kujerar Bentong a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2022. Madadin haka, DAP ta yanke shawarar tsayar da Mataimakin Shugaban Matasa kuma ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Pahang (MLA) don takarar Ketari Young Syefura Othman don takarar kujerar. Sakataren Janar na DAP Anthony Loke ya yi hujjar cewa Young Syefura shine ɗan takarar da ya fi samun nasara. Loke ya kuma bayyana cewa an ba Wong damar tsayawa takarar kujerar Cameron Highlands, duk da haka Wong ya ƙi ta kuma Loke ya nuna girmamawarsa ga kin amincewa da shi. Da yake mayar da martani mai ƙarfi, Wong ya karya matsayinsa na jam'iyyar kuma ya sanar da cewa zai sake neman takarar ɗan majalisar Bentong ta hanyar tsayawa takarar kujerar Bentong a matsayin ɗan takara mai zaman kansa a karon farko, wanda hakan ya saɓa wa ƙa'idojin jam'iyyar da kuma ladabtarwa da kuma fuskantar haɗarin rasa shi memba na jam'iyyar. Ya jaddada cewa Bentong garinsu ne kuma babu buƙatar ya ƙaura daga Bentong da kuma yin amfani da salon siyasa na cikin gida da gwagwarmayar iko, ya kuma nisanta kansa da mutanensa daga gare su, yana mai lura da cewa mutane suna da 'yancin yanke shawara kan hanyoyinsu da makomarsu. Bugu da ƙari, ya soki jam'iyyar saboda rashin fahimtar juna a tsakaninsu kan yadda ta ba shi damar ci gaba da fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a bayan ya jagoranci ƙungiyar &quot;Himpunan Hijau&quot; (kore gathering) a babban zaɓen 2013. Bugu da ƙari, ya yaba da tarihin da ya samu na zama ɗan majalisar Bentong daga 2018 zuwa 2022 na tsawon shekaru 4 tare da sabunta alƙawarinsa na yi wa Bentong da mutanenta hidima. Tsohon dan majalisar Bentong Liow ya soki DAP saboda sauke Wong, wanda ya ce bai yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba a matsayin dan majalisar Bentong, kuma ya kwatanta hakan da satar damar da masu kada kuri'a na Bentong ke yi na hukunta Wong ta hanyar kin kaɗa masa kuri'a, ya kuma bayyana DAP a matsayin mai neman dama idan aka yi la'akari da shawarar da ta yanke na sauke wadanda ba su da aikin yi a matsayin 'yan takara don sake tsayawa takara don samun ƙarin kuri'u. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Bentong (Mazabar Tarayya)
* [[Himpunan Hijau]]
* Lynas

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]]</text>
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      <id>893053</id>
      <parentid>893051</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:20:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
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{{Databox}}

'''Wong Tack''' ( simplified Chines ; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ : ''Vòng Tet'' ) [[Ɗan siyasa|ɗan siyasa ne ɗan]] ƙasar Malaysia kuma mai rajin kare muhalli wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan majalisar dokoki (MP) na Bentong daga watan Mayu na 2018 zuwa Nuwamban shekarar 2022. Ɗan ƙasa ne kuma memba ne na Jam'iyyar Democratic Action Party (DAP), wani ɓangare na jam'iyyar Pakatan Harapan (PH) kuma a da ƙungiyar Pakatan Rakyat (PR).

== Bayani ==
An kuma haifi Wong a Seri Telemong, [[Bentong]], [[Pahang]], kuma ya zauna a [[Sabah]] na tsawon shekaru. Shi [[Malaysian Chinese|ɗan ƙasar Malaysia]] ne daga zuriyar [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]] (duk da cewa ƙungiyar yare mafi rinjaye a jihar Pahang galibi asalin [[Cantonese]] ne, amma duka ƙungiyoyin biyu suna da lardin kakanninsu ɗaya a China wanda shine [[Guangdong]] ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2018, an bayyana Wong a matsayin ɗan majalisar da ya fi talauci a cikin jerin sunayen kadarorin da ke bayyana kadarorinsa, inda yake samun kuɗin shiga na wata-wata na RM22,412.64 kamar yadda aka nuna a shafin yanar gizon hukuma na Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta Malaysia (MACC). 

== Fafutukar kare muhalli ==
Wong shi ne shugaban ''[[Himpunan Hijau]]'', ko kuma ''Green Assembly,'' wata ƙungiyar kare muhalli ta Malaysia da ke zanga-zangar adawa da Lynas Advanced Materials Plant (LAMP), wata masana'antar sarrafa ƙasa mai wahalar samu da ke aiki a Gebeng, Kuantan, Pahang wadda ya kafa a shekarar 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wong ne ke jagorantar ƙungiyar ''Save Malaysia Stop Lynas'' (SMSL) a halin yanzu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin siyasa ==

=== Ɗan Majalisa (2018–2022) ===

==== Babban zaɓen 2018 ====
An fara tsayar da Wong a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2013 a matsayin ɗan takarar DAP don tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar dokoki ta Bentong &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya kusa kayar da shugaban ƙungiyar China ta Malaysia (MCA) Liow Tiong Lai, wanda ya sha kaye da jimillar ƙuri'u 379. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A babban zaɓen 2018 ya sake tsayawa takara &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya juya teburin zaɓe don kayar da Liow don zama ɗan majalisar dokoki ta Bentong da rinjayen 2,032. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Babban zaɓen 2022 ====
A ranar 26 ga Oktoban shekarar 2022, DAP ta sanar da cewa jam'iyyar ta janye Wong daga takarar kujerar Bentong a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2022. Madadin haka, DAP ta yanke shawarar tsayar da Mataimakin Shugaban Matasa kuma ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Pahang (MLA) don takarar Ketari Young Syefura Othman don takarar kujerar. Sakataren Janar na DAP Anthony Loke ya yi hujjar cewa Young Syefura shine ɗan takarar da ya fi samun nasara. Loke ya kuma bayyana cewa an ba Wong damar tsayawa takarar kujerar Cameron Highlands, duk da haka Wong ya ƙi ta kuma Loke ya nuna girmamawarsa ga kin amincewa da shi. Da yake mayar da martani mai ƙarfi, Wong ya karya matsayinsa na jam'iyyar kuma ya sanar da cewa zai sake neman takarar ɗan majalisar Bentong ta hanyar tsayawa takarar kujerar Bentong a matsayin ɗan takara mai zaman kansa a karon farko, wanda hakan ya saɓa wa ƙa'idojin jam'iyyar da kuma ladabtarwa da kuma fuskantar haɗarin rasa shi memba na jam'iyyar. Ya jaddada cewa Bentong garinsu ne kuma babu buƙatar ya ƙaura daga Bentong da kuma yin amfani da salon siyasa na cikin gida da gwagwarmayar iko, ya kuma nisanta kansa da mutanensa daga gare su, yana mai lura da cewa mutane suna da 'yancin yanke shawara kan hanyoyinsu da makomarsu. Bugu da ƙari, ya soki jam'iyyar saboda rashin fahimtar juna a tsakaninsu kan yadda ta ba shi damar ci gaba da fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a bayan ya jagoranci ƙungiyar &quot;Himpunan Hijau&quot; (kore gathering) a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2013. Bugu da ƙari, ya yaba da tarihin da ya samu na zama ɗan majalisar Bentong daga shekarar 2018 zuwa 2022 na tsawon shekaru 4 tare da sabunta alƙawarinsa na yi wa Bentong da mutanenta hidima. Tsohon dan majalisar Bentong Liow ya soki DAP saboda sauke Wong, wanda ya ce bai yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba a matsayin dan majalisar Bentong, kuma ya kwatanta hakan da satar damar da masu kada kuri'a na Bentong ke yi na hukunta Wong ta hanyar kin kaɗa masa kuri'a, ya kuma bayyana DAP a matsayin mai neman dama idan aka yi la'akari da shawarar da ta yanke na sauke wadanda ba su da aikin yi a matsayin 'yan takara don sake tsayawa takara don samun ƙarin kuri'u. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Bentong (Mazabar Tarayya)
* [[Himpunan Hijau]]
* Lynas

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893055</id>
      <parentid>893053</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:21:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
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{{Databox}}

'''Wong Tack''' ( simplified Chines ; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ : ''Vòng Tet'' ) [[Ɗan siyasa|ɗan siyasa ne ɗan]] ƙasar Malaysia kuma mai rajin kare muhalli wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan majalisar dokoki (MP) na Bentong daga watan Mayu na 2018 zuwa Nuwamban shekarar 2022. Ɗan ƙasa ne kuma memba ne na Jam'iyyar Democratic Action Party (DAP), wani ɓangare na jam'iyyar Pakatan Harapan (PH) kuma a da ƙungiyar Pakatan Rakyat (PR).

== Bayani ==
An kuma haifi Wong a Seri Telemong, [[Bentong]], [[Pahang]], kuma ya zauna a [[Sabah]] na tsawon shekaru. Shi [[Malaysian Chinese|ɗan ƙasar Malaysia]] ne daga zuriyar [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]] (duk da cewa ƙungiyar yare mafi rinjaye a jihar Pahang galibi asalin [[Cantonese]] ne, amma duka ƙungiyoyin biyu suna da lardin kakanninsu ɗaya a China wanda shine [[Guangdong]] ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2018, an bayyana Wong a matsayin ɗan majalisar da ya fi talauci a cikin jerin sunayen kadarorin da ke bayyana kadarorinsa, inda yake samun kuɗin shiga na wata-wata na RM22,412.64 kamar yadda aka nuna a shafin yanar gizon hukuma na Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta Malaysia (MACC). 

== Fafutukar kare muhalli ==
Wong shi ne shugaban ''[[Himpunan Hijau]]'', ko kuma ''Green Assembly,'' wata ƙungiyar kare muhalli ta Malaysia da ke zanga-zangar adawa da Lynas Advanced Materials Plant (LAMP), wata masana'antar sarrafa ƙasa mai wahalar samu da ke aiki a Gebeng, Kuantan, Pahang wadda ya kafa a shekarar 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wong ne ke jagorantar ƙungiyar ''Save Malaysia Stop Lynas'' (SMSL) a halin yanzu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin siyasa ==

=== Ɗan Majalisa (2018–2022) ===

==== Babban zaɓen 2018 ====
An fara tsayar da Wong a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2013 a matsayin ɗan takarar DAP don tsayawa takarar kujerar majalisar dokoki ta Bentong &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya kusa kayar da shugaban ƙungiyar China ta Malaysia (MCA) Liow Tiong Lai, wanda ya sha kaye da jimillar ƙuri'u 379. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A babban zaɓen 2018 ya sake tsayawa takara &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya juya teburin zaɓe don kayar da Liow don zama ɗan majalisar dokoki ta Bentong da rinjayen 2,032. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Babban zaɓen 2022 ====
A ranar 26 ga Oktoban shekarar 2022, DAP ta sanar da cewa jam'iyyar ta janye Wong daga takarar kujerar Bentong a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2022. Madadin haka, DAP ta yanke shawarar tsayar da Mataimakin Shugaban Matasa kuma ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Pahang (MLA) don takarar Ketari Young Syefura Othman don takarar kujerar. Sakataren Janar na DAP Anthony Loke ya yi hujjar cewa Young Syefura shine ɗan takarar da ya fi samun nasara. Loke ya kuma bayyana cewa an ba Wong damar tsayawa takarar kujerar Cameron Highlands, duk da haka Wong ya ƙi ta kuma Loke ya nuna girmamawarsa ga kin amincewa da shi. Da yake mayar da martani mai ƙarfi, Wong ya karya matsayinsa na jam'iyyar kuma ya sanar da cewa zai sake neman takarar ɗan majalisar Bentong ta hanyar tsayawa takarar kujerar Bentong a matsayin ɗan takara mai zaman kansa a karon farko, wanda hakan ya saɓa wa ƙa'idojin jam'iyyar da kuma ladabtarwa da kuma fuskantar haɗarin rasa shi memba na jam'iyyar. Ya kuma jaddada cewa Bentong garinsu ne kuma babu buƙatar ya ƙaura daga Bentong da kuma yin amfani da salon siyasa na cikin gida da gwagwarmayar iko, ya kuma nisanta kansa da mutanensa daga gare su, yana mai lura da cewa mutane suna da 'yancin yanke shawara kan hanyoyinsu da makomarsu. Bugu da ƙari, ya soki jam'iyyar saboda rashin fahimtar juna a tsakaninsu kan yadda ta ba shi damar ci gaba da fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a bayan ya jagoranci ƙungiyar &quot;Himpunan Hijau&quot; (kore gathering) a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2013. Bugu da ƙari, ya yaba da tarihin da ya samu na zama ɗan majalisar Bentong daga shekarar 2018 zuwa 2022 na tsawon shekaru 4 tare da sabunta alƙawarinsa na yi wa Bentong da mutanenta hidima. Tsohon dan majalisar Bentong Liow ya soki DAP saboda sauke Wong, wanda ya ce bai yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba a matsayin dan majalisar Bentong, kuma ya kwatanta hakan da satar damar da masu kada kuri'a na Bentong ke yi na hukunta Wong ta hanyar kin kaɗa masa kuri'a, ya kuma bayyana DAP a matsayin mai neman dama idan aka yi la'akari da shawarar da ta yanke na sauke wadanda ba su da aikin yi a matsayin 'yan takara don sake tsayawa takara don samun ƙarin kuri'u. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Feb 2020 |title=客家公会补天穿团拜黄德秀客家话 |trans-title=Wong Tack's Hakka Speaking Ability At The Hakka Association's Chinese New Year Celebration Event |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7rurng |access-date=21 April 2020 |website=[[China Press]] |language=zh |via=[[Dailymotion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Bentong (Mazabar Tarayya)
* [[Himpunan Hijau]]
* Lynas

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Geertruida van Vladeracken</title>
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[[Fayil:Geertruida_van_Vladeracken_(1931).jpg|right|thumb|Geertruida van Vladeracken (1931)]]
'''Geertruida van Vladeracken''' (18 Afrilu 1880 - 2 Janairu 1947) mawaƙi ne, mawaƙa, kuma marubuci ɗan ƙasar Holland. 

An kuma haifi Vladeracken a Haarlem ga Gerard Pieter van Vladeracken da Jacoba Elisabeth Foreest van Vladeracken. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta na da 'yan'uwa uku. Ta yi karatun kiɗa a Conservatorium van Amsterdam  tare da Bernard Zweers da Anton Tierie.  Vladeracken ya auri lauya kuma mawaki Nicolaas Cornelis Vogel a 1901. Bayan mutuwarsa, ta auri mai zane da pianist Jan Poortenaar a 1916. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Geertruida Vladeracken |url=https://www.myheritage.com/names/geertruida_van%20vladeracken |access-date=2021-02-24 |website=www.myheritage.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vladeracken ya yi ta rera waƙoƙin murya akai-akai  a duk faɗin Turai da Amurka, tare da Poortenaar yana buga piano. Wannan ya ba Poortenaar damar nuna fasaharsa a birane da yawa inda yanzu ake wakilta shi a gidajen tarihi. Daga 1922 zuwa 1924, ma'auratan sun yi rangadin Indonesia, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book}}&lt;/ref&gt; inda suka gabatar da waƙoƙin yabo da kuma zane Poortenaar. Sun rubuta littafi game da wannan tafiya mai suna ''Een kunstreis in de Tropen'' ( ''Mai Zane a Java da Sauran Tsibiran Indonesia'' ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An adana rubuce-rubucen kiɗa na Vladeracken a Cibiyar Kiɗa ta Netherlands . Alsbach da Broekmans &amp; van Poppel ne suka buga wakokinta a ƙarƙashin sunan &quot;Geertruida Vladeracken.&quot;

== Littattafai ==

* ''Beter Zingen (Waƙa Mafi Kyau) ''

* ''Een kunstreis in de Tropen (Mai fasaha a Java da sauran tsibiran Indonesia;'' tare da Jan Poortenaar '') ''

* ''Het klavier bij Bach en zijn tijdgenooten (Bach's Keyboard) ''

* ''Komawa ga kribbe : een kerstboekje (Around the Manger: A Christmas Book) &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vladeracken |first=Geertruida |title=world cat |url=http://www.worldcat.org |access-date=23 Feb 2021 |website=www.worldcat.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;''

* ''Op de straat (A kan titi;'' tare da Jan Poortenaar '') &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vladeracken |first=Geertruida |title=world cat |url=http://www.worldcat.org |access-date=23 Feb 2021 |website=www.worldcat.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFVladeracken&quot;&gt;Vladeracken, Geertruida. [http://www.worldcat.org &quot;world cat&quot;]. ''www.worldcat.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 Feb&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;''

* ''Sand Men ('' Johanna Frederika Langeler ya kwatanta '') ''

* ''Stuivertje wisselen (Change Penny;'' Nans van Leeuwen ya kwatanta) &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vladeracken |first=Geertruida |title=world cat |url=http://www.worldcat.org |access-date=23 Feb 2021 |website=www.worldcat.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFVladeracken&quot;&gt;Vladeracken, Geertruida. [http://www.worldcat.org &quot;world cat&quot;]. ''www.worldcat.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 Feb&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

* ''Wa Kuma Ya Karata Mini? ('' wanda Nans van Leeuwen ya zana '') ''

== Operatta ==

* De Koningsdeuze (Zabin Sarki) 

* De Sneeuwmannetjes (Snowmen) 

* De Tooverbal (Kwallon Sihiri) 

* Goudhaartje en de Troubadour (Goldilocks and the Troubadour) 

== Murya ==

* &quot;Ave Virgo&quot; (Birnin Virgo; soprano, goge da piano) 

* Bloemencantate (Flower Cantata) 

* &quot;Waƙoƙin 'Yan Tsana&quot; (murya da piano) 

* &quot;Lenteliedjes&quot; (Waƙoƙin bazara; murya da piano; wanda Rie Cramer ya zana) &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vladeracken |first=Geertruida |title=world cat |url=http://www.worldcat.org |access-date=23 Feb 2021 |website=www.worldcat.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFVladeracken&quot;&gt;Vladeracken, Geertruida. [http://www.worldcat.org &quot;world cat&quot;]. ''www.worldcat.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 Feb&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

* ''An yi nieuwe Sinterklaasboek : zeven liedjes en vier verhalen (Sabon Littafin St. Nicholas: Waƙoƙi Bakwai da Labarun Hudu'' ; tare da A. Zurcher-Groenveld da Jan Poortenaar) &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vladeracken |first=Geertruida |title=world cat |url=http://www.worldcat.org |access-date=23 Feb 2021 |website=www.worldcat.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFVladeracken&quot;&gt;Vladeracken, Geertruida. [http://www.worldcat.org &quot;world cat&quot;]. ''www.worldcat.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 Feb&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

* &quot;Plange Sion&quot; (Kukan Sihiyona; murya da gawa) 

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.liedjeskist.nl/liedjes_a-z/d-liedjes/de_versierde_stoel.htm waƙar Vladeracken da Zurcher-Groenveld]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Makarantar Sakandare ta Gosford</title>
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'''Makarantar Sakandare ta Gosford''' (wanda aka takaita a matsayin '''GHS''' ) makaranta ce ta kwana ɗaya ta ilimi mai zaman kanta wacce gwamnati ke ɗaukar nauyinta, wacce ke Gosford, a yankin Tekun Tsakiya na New South Wales, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]].

An kafa makarantar a shekarar 1928, kuma ta ɗauki kimanin ɗalibai 1,063 a shekarar 2023, daga shekara ta 7 zuwa shekara ta 12, waɗanda kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari daga cikinsu aka gano su 'yan asalin ƙasar Australiya ne, kuma kashi hamsin da bakwai cikin ɗari sun fito ne daga asalin yare daban da Ingilishi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=ACARA |title=School Profile |url=https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=My School}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta NSW ce ke gudanar da makarantar; shugaban makarantar shine Michael Smith.

== Tarihi ==
An kafa Makarantar Sakandare ta Gosford, wadda Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta New South Wales ke gudanarwa, a shekarar 1928, [1] makarantar sakandare ta farko a yankin Tsakiyar Tekun, kuma ta zama makarantar sakandare ta zaɓi a shekarar 1989. An kammala ginin farko a shekarar 1929, kuma ya ƙunshi azuzuwa bakwai, dakin gwaje-gwaje na kimiyya ɗaya da ɗakin taro. Ɗaliban makarantar galibi sun fito ne daga yankin Tsakiyar Tekun, kodayake ɗalibai daga yankunan [[Sydney]] da Tafkin Macquarie suna da wani ɓangare mai yawa na yawan jama'a. [ ana buƙatar ambato ] As of 2014 , Gosford High ita ce kawai makarantar da aka zaɓa gaba ɗaya a Central Coast, wanda hakan ya sa shiga makarantar ta kasance mai gasa sosai.[2]

== Taken ==
Taken makarantar na [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] shine ''ajandar spectemur'', wanda aka fassara shi zuwa Turanci a matsayin &quot;Ku yi hukunci da ni bisa ga abin da nake yi.&quot; Sauran fassarorin sun haɗa da ''&quot;Bari a yi hukunci da mu bisa ga ayyukanmu'' &quot; da kuma &quot; ''Bari a san mu da ayyukanmu'' &quot; ( Makarantar Grammar Camberwell da ke [[Melbourne]] ta fi son wannan fassarar, wacce take da taken iri ɗaya).

== Ma'aikata ==
Shugabar Makarantar Sakandare ta Gosford daga 2006 zuwa 2016 ita ce Lynne Searle.&lt;ref name=&quot;our&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our school |url=http://www.gosford-h.schools.nsw.edu.au/our-school |publisher=Gosford High School |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2018-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918233219/http://www.gosford-h.schools.nsw.edu.au/our-school |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; An maye gurbinta a shekarar 2017 da Tony Rudd, tsohon shugaban makarantar Manly Selective Campus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=ACARA |title=School Profile |url=https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=My School}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tony Rudd ya yi ritaya a farkon shekarar karatu ta 2019, inda tsohon mataimakinsa Adrienne Scalese ya karɓi mukamin na ɗan lokaci. Tsohon shugaban makarantar sakandare ta Narara Valley Michael Smith ne ya karɓi mukamin a farkon zangon karatu na 2 na shekarar karatu ta 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;smith&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Narara Valley High School |url=https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=2146863465428695&amp;id=475121335936258 |access-date=2019-04-26 |via=Facebook}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga cikin tsoffin ma'aikatan akwai Dr Mark Butler (wanda yanzu ya yi ritaya), wanda ya sami kyautar Firayim Minista don ƙwarewa a Koyar da Kimiyya a Makarantun Sakandare a 2004, wanda aka zaɓe shi a Hukumar Manhaja ta Ƙasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=ACARA |title=School Profile |url=https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=My School}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Rebecca Donoghue, Shugabar Fasaha ta Kayayyaki, wacce ta sami kyautar Minista don ƙwarewa a Koyarwa a 2013 (wanda yanzu ya yi ritaya, Wendy Mortimer ta maye gurbinsa) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=ACARA |title=School Profile |url=https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=My School}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma Michael Chamberlain, wanda aka yanke masa hukunci na ƙarya tare da matarsa Lindy a mutuwar 'yarsu Azaria, daga baya an wanke shi daga zargin.

== Makarantar ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Margaret Clap</title>
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'''Margaret Clap''' (ta mutu {{Circa|1726}} ), wacce aka fi sani da '''Mother Clap''', tana gudanar da gidan kofi daga 1724 zuwa 1726 a Field Lane, Holborn, Middlesex, ɗan nisa daga Birnin Landan . Baya ga gudanar da gidan molly (wani masauki ko gidan cin abinci da maza 'yan luwaɗi ke yawan zuwa), ta shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙen shari'a da suka biyo baya bayan an kai mata hari aka rufe gidanta. Duk da cewa ba a san komai game da rayuwarta ba, ta kasance muhimmin ɓangare na al'adun 'yan luwaɗi na farkon ƙarni na 18 [[Ingila|na Ingila]] . A lokacin luwaɗi a Ingila laifi ne a ƙarƙashin Dokar Buggery ta 1533, wanda za a iya hukunta shi da tara, ɗaurin kurkuku, ko [[Hukuncin Kisa|hukuncin kisa]] . Duk da haka, musamman a manyan birane, ana gudanar da ayyukan [[Jima'in jinsi|luwaɗi]] na sirri. Don aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan, akwai wurare inda maza daga kowane rukuni za su iya samun abokan tarayya ko kawai su yi mu'amala da mutane, waɗanda ake kira gidajen molly, &quot;molly&quot; wanda ake yi wa laƙabi da mutumin luwaɗi a lokacin. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun waɗannan shine gidan molly na Clap.

== Gidan Molly na Clap ==
[[Fayil:Field_lane;_1840_Wellcome_M0010287.jpg|thumb|Field Lane a shekarar 1840, kusa da inda gidan molly na Clap yake.]]
Margaret Clap tana gudanar da gidan kofi wanda kuma ya zama gidan molly ga al'ummar 'yan luwaɗi ta ɓoye. &lt;ref name=&quot;rn1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Norton |first=Rictor |date=Feb 5, 2005 |title=The Raid on Mother Clap's Molly House |url=http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/mother.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101106032418/http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/mother.htm |archive-date=2010-11-06 |access-date=Feb 11, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;lgbten&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bateman |first=Geoffrey |date=Aug 18, 2005 |title=Margaret Clap |url=http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/clap_m.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304185121/http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/clap_m.html |archive-date=2010-03-04 |access-date=Feb 11, 2010 |publisher=glbtq.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gidanta ya shahara a cikin shekaru biyu na wanzuwarsa (1724-1726), &lt;ref name=&quot;rn4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Norton |first=Rictor |date=June 20, 2008 |title=The Trial of Margaret Clap |url=http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/clap.htm |access-date=Feb 11, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; sananne ne a cikin al'ummar 'yan luwaɗi. Ta kula da abokan cinikinta, kuma ta kula da mazan luwaɗi waɗanda ke yawan zuwa wurin. An san ta da samar da &quot;gadaje a kowane ɗaki na gidan&quot; kuma galibi tana da &quot;irin waɗannan chaps guda talatin ko arba'in a kowace dare, amma musamman a daren Lahadi.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;rn2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Norton |first=Rictor |date=June 20, 2008 |title=The Trial of Gabriel Lawrence |url=http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/1726lawr.htm |access-date=Feb 11, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Clap tana nan a mafi yawan lokutan aiki na gidan molly, da alama kawai tana tafiya ne ta ƙetare titi zuwa wani gidan giya na gida, don siyan abin sha ga abokan cinikinta. Saboda Clap dole ta bar harabar don ɗaukar barasa don ba wa abokan cinikinta, wataƙila gidan molly yana cikin gidanta na sirri. &lt;ref name=&quot;rn3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Norton |first=Rictor |date=June 20, 2008 |title=The Trial of Thomas Wright |url=http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/1726wrig.htm |access-date=Feb 11, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ba kamar sauran gidajen molly ba, ba gidan karuwai ba ne. &lt;ref name=&quot;ww&quot; /&gt; Manufar Clap wataƙila ta dogara ne akan jin daɗi fiye da riba, bisa ga kyautatawarta ga abokan cinikinta. Misali, wani mutum ya kwana a gidanta tsawon shekaru biyu kuma daga baya ta bayar da shaidar ƙarya don a wanke wani mutum daga [[Dokar Sodomy|tuhume-tuhumen luwaɗi]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;rn1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ww&quot; /&gt; Ayyukanta a lokacin tuhume-tuhumen da aka yi mata daga baya kuma yawancin al'ummar luwaɗi sun nuna amincinta ga abokan cinikinta. &lt;ref name=&quot;rn1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ww&quot; /&gt;

=== Harin 1726 ===
A watan Fabrairun 1726, 'yan sanda sun kai samame gidan Molly na Margaret Clap; an kama kimanin mutane 40 daga cikin mazaunansa. &lt;ref name=&quot;lgbten2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bateman |first=Geoffrey |date=Aug 18, 2005 |title=Margaret Clap |url=http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/clap_m.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304185121/http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/clap_m.html |archive-date=2010-03-04 |access-date=Feb 11, 2010 |publisher=glbtq.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An yi wa gidan kallon farko a karkashin [[Society for the Reformation of Manners|kungiyar Reformation of Manners]], kuma an shafe shekaru biyu ana sa ido a kansa.   Da alama tarin masu ba da labari ga mollies masu ɗaukar fansa ne suka tayar da shi. Wani mutum mai suna Mark Patridge ya [[Outing|fita]] daga gidansa, sannan aka mayar da shi mai ba da labari ga 'yan sanda. &lt;ref name=&quot;rn12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Norton |first=Rictor |date=Feb 5, 2005 |title=The Raid on Mother Clap's Molly House |url=http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/mother.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101106032418/http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/mother.htm |archive-date=2010-11-06 |access-date=Feb 11, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya jagoranci 'yan sanda zuwa gidajen molly, yana gabatar da kowannensu a matsayin &quot;mijinsa&quot; domin su yi bincike sosai. &lt;ref name=&quot;rn12&quot; /&gt;  Ba a yi wa Patridge shari'a a kotu ba saboda laifin luwadi. Wani sanannen mai ba da labari shi ne Thomas Newton, wanda ya saba amfani da tarko don bai wa 'yan sanda damar kama maza a cikin aikin tayar da lu6wadi. &lt;ref name=&quot;rn42&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Norton |first=Rictor |date=June 20, 2008 |title=The Trial of Margaret Clap |url=http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/clap.htm |access-date=Feb 11, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;rn32&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Norton |first=Rictor |date=June 20, 2008 |title=The Trial of Thomas Wright |url=http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/1726wrig.htm |access-date=Feb 11, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Robert McCormick Adams Jr.</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="12540" sha1="s3ay4b3oseehrwnc7knkvyvykqeioap" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Robert McCormick Adams Jr.''' (23 ga Yuli, 1926 - 27 ga Janairu, 2018) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Ryan P. |date=January 29, 2018 |title=Smithsonian Leader Who Helped Launch the American Indian Museum Dies at 91 |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/former-smithsonian-leader-robert-mccormick-adams-dies-91-180967977/ |website=Smithsonian.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; masanin ilmin ɗan adam ne na Amurka kuma sakataren Cibiyar Smithsonian (1984–94).  Ya yi aiki a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Mesoamerica . Farfesa ne na Jami'ar Chicago na dogon lokaci, an fi saninsa da bincikensa a [[Iraƙi|Iraki]] . &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gold Medal Award for Distinguished Archaeological Achievement |url=https://www.archaeological.org/grant/gold-medal-award/ |access-date=2025-04-11 |website=Archaeological Institute of America |archive-date=2019-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927184107/https://www.archaeological.org/grant/gold-medal-award/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; An haife shi a [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], kuma ya halarci Makarantar Francis W. Parker kuma ya kammala karatunsa a 1943. Ya sami digirin digirgir daga Jami'ar Chicago (1957), inda aka kuma yi masa aiki a matsayin memba na malaman. Ya kasance Daraktan Cibiyar Gabas a Jami'ar Chicago (1962–68, 1981–83). &lt;ref name=&quot;SIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Robert McCormick Adams, 1926- |url=http://siarchives.si.edu/history/robert-mccormick-adams |access-date=2012-04-23 |website=Smithsonian Institution Archives, Collections, Services, Smithsonian History}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Jami'ar Chicago (1982–84). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Farfesa ne na biyu a Jami'ar California, San Diego, a lokacin mutuwarsa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Sakataren Smithsonian ==
[[Fayil:Princess_Grace_Sculpture_Presented_to_NPG.jpg|left|thumb|Adams da Nancy Reagan a wurin gabatar da hoton [[Grace Kelly]] a National Portrait Gallery a watan Oktoban 1986, tare da matar Kelly, Yarima Rainier na III na Monaco, da 'ya'yanta, Albert, Caroline da Stéphanie]]
Adams ya yi aiki a matsayin sakatare na tara na Cibiyar Smithsonian a Washington, DC, daga 1984 zuwa 1994. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; An naɗa shi Sakataren Smithsonian a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 1984, inda ya zama shugaban wata Cibiya mai gidajen tarihi goma sha uku, gidan namun daji na ƙasa, da wuraren bincike na kimiyya da al'adu a jihohi tara da Jamhuriyar Panama. A matsayinsa na magajin S. Dillon Ripley, Adams ya nemi shirya Cibiyar don ƙarni na 21, mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, ƙara shirye-shiryen jama'a, da kuma jaddada wakilci mai faɗi da shigar al'ummomin ƙabilu da al'adu daban-daban a cikin Smithsonian da shirye-shiryenta. Adams ya jagoranci gina Quadrangle, wani aikin gini wanda ya haɗa gidajen tarihi guda biyu da ofisoshi daban-daban zuwa tsari ɗaya, amma kuma ya yi wa Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ƙararrawa game da yanayin tsofaffin kayayyakin more rayuwa na Cibiyar kuma ya fara gyaran tsarin kayayyakin da ake da su. Waɗannan ayyukan &quot;bulo da turmi&quot; sun haɗa da gyaran Gidan Tarihi na Freer, gina Dakin Gwaji na Mathias a Cibiyar Binciken Muhalli ta Smithsonian, da Cibiyar Bincike da Taro ta Earl S. Tupper a Cibiyar Bincike ta Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Smithsonian da ke Panama. &lt;ref name=&quot;SIA&quot;/&gt;

A lokacin mulkin Adams, Smithsonian ya mallaki Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na American Indian, kuma an kafa Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa don nuna Tarin Philatelic na Ƙasa. An ƙirƙiri Cibiyar Albarkatun Kimiyya ta Ƙasa don inganta koyarwar kimiyya da lissafi kafin kwaleji, kuma an kafa Cibiyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa don bincika al'adu na da da kuma waɗanda ke tasowa da kuma zama hedkwatar Smithsonian don ilimi, nune-nunen, da shirye-shirye na Latin Amurka. Adams ya kafa Kwamitin Ilimi na Al'adu na Smithsonian don haɓaka bambancin ra'ayi a duk fannoni na ayyukan Smithsonian. Ya kuma ƙarfafa ayyukan dijital, kamar fasahar bidiyo ta Gidan Tarihi na Sama da Sararin Samaniya ta Ƙasa don adanawa da dawo da takardu, hotuna, da sauran bayanai. &quot;Yaƙe-yaƙen al'adu&quot; sun isa Smithsonian a 1991, tare da sukar Yamma a matsayin Amurka, wani baje koli a Gidan Tarihi na Smithsonian na Amurka. A 1994, Kimiyya a Rayuwar Amurka, a Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Tarihin Amurka, ya jawo kukan al'ummar kimiyya saboda nazarin kimiyyar Amurka. Kuma an kammala rubutun farko na baje kolin 'yan luwaɗi na Enola a Gidan Tarihi na Sama da Sararin Samaniya na Ƙasa jim kaɗan kafin tafiyar Adams. &lt;ref name=&quot;SIA&quot;/&gt;

== Rayuwa daga baya ==
[[Fayil:Secretary_Adams_and_his_Wife.jpg|left|thumb|Sakatare Adams da matarsa]]
Adams ya yi ritaya daga Smithsonian bayan shekaru goma na hidima a shekarar 1994 kuma ya koma jami'a a matsayin farfesa mai taimako a Jami'ar California, San Diego. Ya sami lambar yabo ta musamman daga Ƙungiyar Nazarin Kayan Tarihi ta Amurka a shekarar 1996 kuma ya ci gaba da aikinsa da bincike a fannin ilmin kayan tarihi da ilmin ɗan adam na Gabas ta Tsakiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gold Medal Award for Distinguished Archaeological Achievement |url=https://www.archaeological.org/grant/gold-medal-award/ |access-date=2025-04-11 |website=Archaeological Institute of America |archive-date=2019-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927184107/https://www.archaeological.org/grant/gold-medal-award/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.archaeological.org/grant/gold-medal-award/ &quot;Gold Medal Award for Distinguished Archaeological Achievement&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927184107/https://www.archaeological.org/grant/gold-medal-award/ |date=2019-09-27 }}. ''Archaeological Institute of America''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-04-11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Binciken ilimi ==
Robert McCormick Adams ya yi aiki mai faɗi da ya shafi fannoni da dama. A fannin yanayin ƙasa, abubuwan da yake sha'awa sun haɗa da aikin gona mai yawa a Gabas ta Tsakiya, amma kuma sun haɗa da Mexico. Tare da tsarin fannoni daban-daban, ya yi nazarin ci gaban wayewar birane tsawon shekaru aru-aru, kuma ya yi magana game da tarihin fasaha. Wani ɓangare na ƙwarewar da ya samu a Iraki, Iran da Saudiyya, har zuwa kwanan nan ya shiga cikin nazarin tashin hankali da ya shafi kabilu daban-daban a ƙarƙashin tallafin haɗin gwiwa na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta Amurka da Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha.

A tsawon aikinsa, Adams ya jaddada muhimmancin hulɗar zamantakewa da [[Muhalli na al'adu|muhallin al'adu]] a cikin juyin halittar wayewa. Bincikensa ya binciki yadda ilimin halittu na al'adu zai iya taimakawa wajen bayyana haɓakar wayewa da kuma yadda al'adu ke shafar juna. &lt;ref name=&quot;Gold&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2002 |title=Robert McCormick Adams— 2002 Gold Medal Award for Distinguished Archaeological Achievement |url=http://www.archaeological.org/robertmccormickadams%E2%80%942002goldmedalawarddistinguishedarchaeologicalachievement |access-date=2012-04-19 |website=Award Citation |publisher=Archaeological Institute of America |archive-date=2018-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915155117/https://www.archaeological.org/robertmccormickadams%e2%80%942002goldmedalawarddistinguishedarchaeologicalachievement |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Adams ya gabatar, bisa ga tono ƙasa da ya yi a [[Mesopotamia]], cewa babu wani yanayi ɗaya da ke bayan al'ummomin tsoffin birane da jihohi masu rikitarwa; sun samo asali ne daga yanayi daban-daban masu alaƙa, musamman tsarin zamantakewa da ƙwarewar sana'a. An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a 1957, &lt;ref name=&quot;AAAS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter A |url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf |access-date=1 April 2011 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}&lt;/ref&gt; memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta Amurka a 1970, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Ryan P. |date=January 29, 2018 |title=Smithsonian Leader Who Helped Launch the American Indian Museum Dies at 91 |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/former-smithsonian-leader-robert-mccormick-adams-dies-91-180967977/ |website=Smithsonian.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma memba na Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amurka a 1974. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Robert+McC.+Adams&amp;title=&amp;subject=&amp;subdiv=&amp;mem=&amp;year=&amp;year-max=&amp;dead=&amp;keyword=&amp;smode=advanced |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; A 1988, ya sami lambar yabo ta Golden Plate ta Kwalejin Nasara ta Amurka . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service |website=www.achievement.org |publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adams ya sami lambar yabo ta Zinare don Nasarar Masana'antu Mai Kyau a 2002 daga Cibiyar Nazarin Masana'antu ta Amurka . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Ayyuka ==

* [https://www.amazon.com/Land-Behind-Baghdad-History-Settlement/dp/0226004252/ref=sr_1_5?qid=1668644243&amp;refinements=p_27%3ARobert+McC.+Adams&amp;s=books&amp;sr=1-5&amp;text=Robert+McC.+Adams ''Ƙasar da ke Bayan Baghdad: Tarihin Matsugunan da ke Filayen Diyala''] (1965)
* [https://www.amazon.com/TREND-TRADITION-NEAR-EASTERN-ARCHAEOLOGY/dp/B08GZLY86B/ref=sr_1_7?qid=1668644347&amp;refinements=p_27%3ARobert+McC.+Adams&amp;s=books&amp;sr=1-7&amp;text=Robert+McC.+Adams ''YANAR GIZO DA AL'ADA A GIDAN TARIHI NA GABAS''] (1966)
* [https://www.amazon.com/Evolution-Urban-Society-Robert-Adams/dp/0202308189 ''Juyin Halittar Al'ummar Birane: Mesopotamiya ta Farko da Meziko ta Prehispanic''] (1966)
* [https://www.amazon.com/Michael-Davis-Tribute-Robert-McC-adams/dp/B0033529NU/ref=sr_1_10?qid=1668644347&amp;refinements=p_27%3ARobert+McC.+Adams&amp;s=books&amp;sr=1-10&amp;text=Robert+McC.+Adams ''Michael M. Davis, Babban Taro''] (1971)
* [https://www.amazon.com/Uruk-countryside-natural-setting-societies/dp/0226005003/ref=sr_1_3?qid=1668644347&amp;refinements=p_27%3ARobert+McC.+Adams&amp;s=books&amp;sr=1-3&amp;text=Robert+McC.+Adams ''Ƙauyen Uruk: Yanayin halitta na al'ummomin birane''] (1972)
* [https://www.amazon.com/PATTERNS-URBANIZATION-EARLY-SOUTHERN-MESOPOTAMIA/dp/B09Q1P29TW/ref=sr_1_6?qid=1668644347&amp;refinements=p_27%3ARobert+McC.+Adams&amp;s=books&amp;sr=1-6&amp;text=Robert+McC.+Adams ''SIFFOFI NA GURBIN KASA A FARKON KUDUN MESOPATAMIA''] (1973)
* [https://www.amazon.com/WORLD-PICTURE-ANTHROPOLOGICAL-DISTINGUISHED-LECTURE/dp/B00L9FNJXK/ref=sr_1_8?qid=1668644347&amp;refinements=p_27%3ARobert+McC.+Adams&amp;s=books&amp;sr=1-8&amp;text=Robert+McC.+Adams ''HOTON DUNIYA, TSARIN DAN ADAM &amp;#x5B; LAƘARIN DA AKA BA DA KYAU - 1976 &amp;#x5D;''] (1977)
* [https://www.amazon.com/Heartland-Cities-Settlement-Floodplain-Euphrates/dp/0226005445 ''Zuciyar Birane: Binciken Matsugunan Tsoho da Amfani da Ƙasa a Tsakiyar Ruwan Kogin Yufiretis''] (1981)
* [https://www.amazon.com/Oriental-Institute-1982-83-University-Chicago/dp/0918986397/ref=sr_1_13?qid=1668644347&amp;refinements=p_27%3ARobert+McC.+Adams&amp;s=books&amp;sr=1-13&amp;text=Robert+McC.+Adams ''Rahoton Shekara-shekara na Cibiyar Gabas ta 1982-83 (Jami'ar Chicago)''] (1983)
* [https://www.amazon.com/Science-Ethics-Food-Proceedings-International/dp/B00BDIWIBM/ref=sr_1_9?qid=1668644347&amp;refinements=p_27%3ARobert+McC.+Adams&amp;s=books&amp;sr=1-9&amp;text=Robert+McC.+Adams ''Kimiyya, Ɗabi'a, da Abinci: Takardu da Takardu na Taro da Cibiyar Smithsonian ta Shirya (Jerin Taro na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Smithsonian)''] (1988)
* [https://www.amazon.com/SMITHSONIAN-YEAR-1992-Robert-Adams/dp/B001CD53RO/ref=sr_1_12?qid=1668644347&amp;refinements=p_27%3ARobert+McC.+Adams&amp;s=books&amp;sr=1-12&amp;text=Robert+McC.+Adams ''SHEKARAR SMITHSONIYA TA 1992''] (1993)
* [https://www.amazon.com/Smithsonian-February-Robert-McC-Adams/dp/B001OWECK2/ref=sr_1_11?qid=1668644347&amp;refinements=p_27%3ARobert+McC.+Adams&amp;s=books&amp;sr=1-11&amp;text=Robert+McC.+Adams ''Smithsonian: Fabrairu 1993''] (1993)
* [https://www.amazon.com/Paths-Fire-Anthropologists-Inquiry-Technology-ebook/dp/B00A2MMKKE ''Hanyoyin Wuta: Binciken Masana Ilimin Dan Adam game da Fasahar Yammacin Duniya''] (1996)
* [https://www.amazon.com/Family-America-Searching-Harmony-Industrial/dp/0765805367/ref=sr_1_4?qid=1668644347&amp;refinements=p_27%3ARobert+McC.+Adams&amp;s=books&amp;sr=1-4&amp;text=Robert+McC.+Adams&amp;ufe=app_do%3Aamzn1.fos.006c50ae-5d4c-4777-9bc0-4513d670b6bc ''Iyali a Amurka: Neman Haɗin Kan Jama'a a Zamanin Masana'antu''] (2003)

== Duba kuma ==

* Martin Harwit

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1926]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Susan Love</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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'''Susan Margaret Love''' (9 ga Fabrairu, 1948 - 2 ga Yuli, 2023) likita ce ta Amurka, fitacciyar mai ba da shawara game da binciken rigakafin cutar kanjamau, kuma marubuciya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Smiley |first=Tavis |title=Breast cancer expert Dr. Susan Love |url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/tavissmiley/interviews/breast-cancer-expert-dr-susan-love/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306113130/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/tavissmiley/interviews/breast-cancer-expert-dr-susan-love/ |archive-date=March 6, 2014 |access-date=6 March 2014 |publisher=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; An dauke ta a matsayin daya daga cikin masu kula da Lafiyar mata da aka fi girmamawa a Amurka.

== Tarihi ==
=== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ===
An haifi Susan Margaret Love a Little Silver, New Jersey, a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1948.  Ta zauna a [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]] da [[Puerto Rico]] tun tana yarinya, sakamakon aikin mahaifinta a matsayin mai siyar da masana'antu. Ƙaunar ta shiga Jami'ar Fordham bayan ta kwashe watanni biyar da ba su yi nasara ba a Makarantar Sisters of Notre Dame . 

Love ta sami digiri na likita daga SUNY Downstate Medical School cum laude a 1974 kuma ta yi aikin tiyata a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Beth Isra'ila ta Boston.&lt;ref name=&quot;apbspeakers.com&quot;&gt;[https://www.apbspeakers.com/speaker/susan-love Susan Love {{!}} Speaker Profile and Speaking Topics]&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma kammala karatu daga shirin Executive MBA a UCLA Anderson School of Management . &lt;ref name=&quot;apbspeakers.com&quot; /&gt;

=== Rayuwa, lafiya, da mutuwa ===
Ƙaunar ta fito ne a matsayin lesbian a farkon aikinta, a lokacin da irin wannan wahayi na iya ɗaukar &quot;babban haɗari na ƙwararru da na mutum&quot;. Daga baya ta yi gwagwarmaya don fadada haƙƙin ma'aurata masu jinsi ɗaya a matsayin iyaye. A shekara ta 1993, ita da abokinta Dokta Helen Cooksey sun yi tarihi ta hanyar samun amincewa don tallafi na farko na ma'aurata masu luwadi daga Kotun Koli ta Massachusetts, jihar da ba ta amince da auren jinsi ɗaya a lokacin ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fox&quot; /&gt; Ma'auratan sun yi aure a San Francisco a shekara ta 2004.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fox&quot; /&gt;

A cikin 2012, Love ta ba da sanarwar cewa an gano ta da cutar sankara kuma za ta ɗauki hutu don neman magani.[1] Bayan samun nasarar magani, Love ta koma aiki a shekara mai zuwa, amma ta mutu daga sake dawowar cutar a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 2023, tana da shekaru 75, a gidanta a Los Angeles.

== Ayyuka ==
Love ta kammala karatunta na tiyata a asibitin Beth Israel na Boston, kuma a cikin 1988 an dauke ta don kafa Cibiyar Maɗaukaki ta Faulkner a asibitan Faulknar, tare da cikakkiyar kulawa wacce ta ba marasa lafiya damar ganin ƙungiyoyin da suka hada da masu warkar da radiation, oncologists da masu tiyata. Bayan barin asibitin Faulkner a Boston, an dauki Love don kafa abin da daga baya ya zama Cibiyar Revlon Breast a Jami'ar California, Los Angeles (UCLA) a shekarar 1992. Ta kafa kungiyar bayar da shawarwari kansar mama a farkon shekarun 1990, ta taimaka wajen shirya kungiyar National Breast Cancer Coalition (NBCC). Daga baya ta yi aiki a kan allon NBCC da Young Survival Coalition . A shekara ta 1996, ta yi ritaya daga aikin tiyata don ba da lokacinta don gano dalilin ciwon nono. A cewar The New York Times, Ƙauna ta nemi &quot;ba don warkar da cutar ba amma don cinye ta gaba ɗaya ta hanyar ware abubuwan da ke haifar da ita da kuma hana su a matakin salula&quot;.

A shekara ta 1998, Love ta sami digiri na kasuwanci daga shirin Executive MBA a Makarantar Anderson ta UCLA. Shugaba Clinton ne ya nada ta a Hukumar Ba da Shawara ta Ciwon daji ta Kasa, matsayin da ta rike daga 1998 zuwa 2004. Ta ci gaba da matsayi na kwamitin a Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta Kasa, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a fannin tiyata a UCLA . &lt;ref name=&quot;SLRF&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dr. Susan Love Research Foundation |url=http://www.dslrf.org/endingbc/content.asp?L2=1&amp;L3=1&amp;SID=278 |access-date=6 March 2014 |publisher=Dr. Susan Love Research Foundation |archive-date=3 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303212859/http://www.dslrf.org/endingbc/content.asp?L2=1&amp;L3=1&amp;SID=278 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Love ya kasance farfesa na asibiti na tiyata a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta David Geffen a UCLA . Ƙaunar ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Wanda ya kafa kuma Darakta na Kiwon Lafiya na Gidauniyar Dokta Susan Love don Binciken Ciwon Cutar Cutar Ciki, wanda aka fi sani da Cibiyar Ciwon Ciki ta Santa Barbara. A cikin 2020, Love ya zama Babban Jami'in hangen nesa.

== Littattafai (zaɓaɓɓu) ==

=== Littattafai ===

* Dr. Susan Love's Breast Book Farko (1990) 
* ''Dr. Susan Love's Breast Book Edition Na biyu'' (1995) 
* ''Dr. Susan Love's Breast Book Edition Na uku'' (2000) 
* Dr. Susan Love's Breast Book Fourth Edition (2005) 
* ''Dr. Susan Love's Breast Book Fifth Edition'' (2010) 
* Dr. Susan Love's Breast Book Edition na shida (2015) 
* Dr. Susan Love's Breast Book Na bakwai (2023) 
* Dr. Susan Love's Menopause and Hormone Book (2003) 
* Ka yi rayuwa kadan! : Karkatar da Dokoki Ba za ta karya Lafiyarku ba (2009)

==Manazarta== 
{{Reflist}} 
[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bill Meridian</title>
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'''Bill Meridian''' masanin ilmin taurari ne na kuɗi . Ya fara nazarin ilmin taurari a shekarar 1972 yayin da ya shiga Wall Street bayan ya sami digirin MBA a NYU . Ya kuma yi horo a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan ilimin halittu mai kuzari tare da Dr. John Pierrakos a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] na tsawon shekaru 7. Bill ya fara amfani da kwamfutoci ga ilmin taurari na kuɗi a shekarar 1983 daga ƙarshe ya tsara AstroAnalyst. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brimelow |first=Peter |date=14 May 2008 |title=For Bill Meridian, it's all in the stars |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/using-the-stars-to-chart-stocks |access-date=10 Feb 2018 |website=Market Watch}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya rubuta littattafai da dama, ciki har da &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwEg&quot;&gt;Planetary Stock Trading&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, wanda ke amfani da kwanakin ciniki na farko na kamfani don zaɓar waɗanda suka yi nasara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Planetary Stock Trading IV |url=http://www.billmeridian.com/pst.html |access-date=10 Feb 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Peter Woo</title>
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'''Peter Woo Kwong-ching''', [[Grand Bauhinia Medal|GBM]], [[Gold Bauhinia Star|GBS]], [[Justice of the peace|JP]] ( Chinese ; an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Satumban shekarar 1946) ɗan kasuwa ne [[Billionaire|mai kuɗi]] [[Hong Kong|a Hong Kong]] . Ya kasance shugaban [[Wheelock and Company]] da [[The Wharf (Holdings)]] har zuwa 19 ga Mayu 2015. Ya zuwa watan Afrilun shekarar 2021, an kiyasta cewa dukiyarsa ta kai dala biliyan 14. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Peter Woo |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/peter-woo/ |access-date=2020-10-08 |website=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
An haifi Woo a [[Shanghai]] a shekarar 1946, asalin kakanninsa a Ningbo, Zhejiang, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Peter Woo |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/peter-woo/ |access-date=2020-10-08 |website=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; , kuma ya koma [[Hong Kong]] a shekarar 1949. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mr. Peter Woo |url=https://www.cusef.org.hk/en/who-we-are/our-leadership/mr-peter-woo |website=China-United States Exchange Foundation |access-date=2026-01-10 |archive-date=2023-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123023536/https://www.cusef.org.hk/en/who-we-are/our-leadership/mr-peter-woo |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin St Stephen's, wani shiri na tallafin kuɗi kai tsaye mallakar gwamnati amma makarantar kwana ce (wanda kuma ita ce babbar makarantar sakandare a Hong Kong), a garin Stanley, kuma ya ci gaba da samun digirinsa na farko daga Jami'ar Cincinnati, yana da digiri a fannin kimiyyar lissafi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Cincinnatian [1970, pt.02] |url=https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll3/id/57713/rec/2 |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=digital.cincinnatilibrary.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin da yake ɗalibi, Woo ya kasance shugaban aji na biyu, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Cincinnatian [1970, pt.02] |url=https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll3/id/57728/rec/2 |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=digital.cincinnatilibrary.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya zama memba na ƙungiyar Delta Tau Delta, wani aiki da har yanzu yake yi a ciki. Daga baya ya sami digiri na MBA daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia da ke New York, Amurka. 

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
Bayan kammala karatunsa, Woo ya yi aiki a Chase Manhattan Bank a New York da Hong Kong, inda ya haɗu da matar da zai aura Bessie. Bessie 'yar'uwar matar da aka shirya masa aure ce. Iyalinsa ba su amince da auren da ba na Asiya ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Peter Woo |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/peter-woo/ |access-date=2020-10-08 |website=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sha'awar Woo daban-daban ta bayyana a cikin harkokin kasuwancinsa, inda ya mai da hankali kan haɓaka gidaje a Hong Kong, China da Singapore. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)&quot;&gt;an buƙata ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Ƙungiyar tana da kadarori da dama na saka hannun jari kamar Harbour City da Times Square a Hong Kong, haka kuma tana gudanar da wasu kasuwanci kamar i-Cable Communications, Modern Terminals da Marco Polo Hotels . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)&quot;&gt;an buƙata ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Woo kuma tana da ƙungiyar dillalan kayan alatu ta LCJG mai zaman kanta, wacce ta haɗa da Lane Crawford da kuma fitaccen gidan kayan ado, Joyce. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Woo kuma yana aiki a kwamitin ba da shawara ga kamfanoni daban-daban na Fortune 500 kamar Chase Manhattan Bank, JPMorgan Chase da General Electric . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Peter Woo |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/peter-woo/ |access-date=2020-10-08 |website=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyasa da kuma ƙungiyoyin da ba na riba ba ==
Woo memba ne na Kwamitin Zama na Majalisar Ba da Shawara kan Siyasar Jama'ar China . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]]

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    <title>Shelby M. C. Davis</title>
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Shelby Moore Cullom Davis (an haife shi a shekara ta 1937 [) ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai taimakon jama'a kuma mai saka hannun jari mai ritaya kuma manajan kuɗi.

== Rayuwar farko da aiki ==
An kuma haifi Davis a shekarar 1937, ɗan manajan kuɗi ne Shelby Cullom Davis  da Kathryn Wasserman Davis . &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar Princeton  kuma ya fara aikinsa a Bankin New York, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shelby Davis |url=https://www.skidmore.edu/international-students/davis-uwc/anniversary/profiles/davis.php |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=www.skidmore.edu |language=en |archive-date=2025-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913161603/https://www.skidmore.edu/international-students/davis-uwc/anniversary/profiles/davis.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; inda ya zama mataimakin shugaban bankin mafi ƙaranci tun bayan Alexander Hamilton. &lt;ref name=&quot;insidePhil&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 December 2019 |title=Shelby Davis — Wall Street Donors Guide |url=https://www.insidephilanthropy.com/wall-street-donors/tag/Shelby+Davis}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Davis ya bar BNY a shekarar 1968 ya kafa kamfanin kula da saka hannun jari wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama Davis Selected Advisers, &lt;ref name=&quot;ba&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 June 2023 |title=Philanthropy Archives |url=https://www.bankers-anonymous.com/tag/philanthropy/.}}&lt;/ref&gt;  wanda a shekarar 2021 ya mallaki kimanin dala biliyan 37 a cikin asusu da dama. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt;

Duk asusun Davis suna zuba jari a hannun jarin jama'a kuma an bayyana su a matsayin asusun &quot;ƙimar hannun jari&quot;. Sunan Shelby Davis da irin waɗannan hannun jari ya kai matsayin da [[New York Times|jaridar New York Times]] ta kira shi &quot;manajan asusun almara&quot;,  mujallar Money &quot;tatsuniya&quot;,  mujallar Financial Advisor &quot;tatsuniya&quot;,  da kuma &quot;mai saka hannun jari na almara&quot; ta mujallar Kiplinger 's Personal Finance. 

A halin yanzu Davis yana auren matarsa ta biyu, Gale. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Matarsa ta farko, Wendy A. Adams, 'yar shugaban ƙungiyar Boston Bruins ce , Weston Adams .  Davis ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban ƙungiyar Bruins, kuma sakamakon nasarar da ƙungiyar ta samu a gasar zakarun Turai a shekarar 1972, an rubuta sunansa a gasar cin kofin Stanley . &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2012, John Rothchild ya buga wani bayanin Davis, mahaifinsa, da 'ya'yansa maza, mai suna &quot;Daular Davis: Shekaru Hamsin na Nasarar Zuba Jari a Wall Street&quot;.

== Taimakon jama'a ==
An san Shelby Davis a matsayin mai bayar da agaji mai karimci, musamman ga harkokin ilimi. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; Daga cikin manyan waɗanda suka amfana da ayyukan agajinsa akwai ƙungiyar United World College da kuma ɗalibansa, Jami'ar Princeton, &lt;ref&gt;What Becomes a Legend Most? Woolley, Suzanne. Money. Jul2000, Vol. 29 Issue 7, p44&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin amintacce tun daga 2006, &lt;ref&gt;Chris And Shelby Davis Trade Places, April 2001, Alan Lavine, https://www.fa-mag.com/news/article-319.html?issue=7&lt;/ref&gt; kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin masu ba da gudummawa mafi girma ga jami'ar a lokacin da yake cikin kwamitin gudanarwa. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; Tallafinsa ga Kwalejojin Duniya na United World sun haɗa da biyan kuɗin gyara Montezuma Castle a harabar jami'ar Amurka. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ƙara tallafawa waɗannan makarantu ta hanyar Shirin Masana Kwalejin Duniya na Davis United, ƙalubalen Davis-UWC IMPACT da Shirin Dare zuwa Mafarki na Davis-UWC. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; Ta hanyar Shirin Masana Kwalejin Duniya na Davis United, Davis ya samar da guraben karatu ga ɗalibai sama da 10,000 a kwalejoji da jami'o'i a faɗin duniya. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UWC Scholars Program |url=https://www.ou.edu/admissions/uwc}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The College of Idaho's Record-Setting Class Wins Davis Cup &amp;#124; the College of Idaho |url=https://www.collegeofidaho.edu/news/college-idahos-record-setting-class-wins-davis-cup }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Davis United World College Scholars Program (DUWCSP) |url=https://www.skidmore.edu/international-students/davis-uwc/index.php }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 April 2015 |title=Davis United World College Scholars Program Marks 15 Years |url=https://www.middlebury.edu/newsroom/node/494015}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2017 |title=Making the World a Better Place: Davis United World College Scholars at UF |url=https://ufprism.com/2017/01/22/making-the-world-a-better-place-davis-united-world-college-scholars-at-uf/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=LAVINE |first=ALAN |date=2001 |title=Chris And Shelby Davis Trade Places |url=https://www.fa-mag.com/news/article-319.html?issue=7}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 November 2022 |title=Major Private Gifts to Higher Education |url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/major-private-gifts-to-higher-education/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 February 2020 |title=Shelby Davis: &quot;How UWC Has Made Me a Better Me&quot; |url=https://perilofafrica.com/2020/02/shelby-davis-how-uwc-has-made-me-better.html |access-date=11 January 2026 |archive-date=13 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113230129/https://perilofafrica.com/2020/02/shelby-davis-how-uwc-has-made-me-better.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Princeton - News - Multi-year, multi-million-dollar commitment will fund Davis UWC Scholarships, promote global understanding |url=http://pr.princeton.edu/news/00/q2/0403-davis.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim has too many footnotes for reading to be smooth. (September 2024)&quot;&gt;ambato mai yawa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Davis da matarsa suna kuma tallafawa ayyukan agaji na muhalli da na yanki, ciki har da a Maine, Wyoming, Florida, da Utah. &lt;ref name=&quot;insidePhil&quot;/&gt;

Davis ya bayyana ayyukansa na taimakon jama'a ta hanyar cewa &quot;Ina ganin ilimi yana haifar da damammaki. Kullum yana game da matasa da makomarsu, kuma duk mun fahimci cewa tare da ilimi, matasa suna da damammaki fiye da ba tare da shi ba. Ina saka hannun jari a cikin ɗaliban UWC, musamman, saboda ina ganin suna samun wani nau'in ilimi na musamman a makarantun UWC. Suna gaya min wannan, akai-akai a cikin wasiƙunsu da kuma lokacin da na haɗu da su. Malamansu da farfesoshinsu suma suna gaya min haka&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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Shelby Moore Cullom Davis (an haife shi a shekara ta 1937 [) ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai taimakon jama'a kuma mai saka hannun jari mai ritaya kuma manajan kuɗi.

== Rayuwar farko da aiki ==
An kuma haifi Davis a shekarar 1937, ɗan manajan kuɗi ne Shelby Cullom Davis  da Kathryn Wasserman Davis . &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar Princeton  kuma ya fara aikinsa a Bankin New York, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shelby Davis |url=https://www.skidmore.edu/international-students/davis-uwc/anniversary/profiles/davis.php |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=www.skidmore.edu |language=en |archive-date=2025-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913161603/https://www.skidmore.edu/international-students/davis-uwc/anniversary/profiles/davis.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; inda ya zama mataimakin shugaban bankin mafi ƙaranci tun bayan Alexander Hamilton. &lt;ref name=&quot;insidePhil&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 December 2019 |title=Shelby Davis — Wall Street Donors Guide |url=https://www.insidephilanthropy.com/wall-street-donors/tag/Shelby+Davis}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Davis ya bar BNY a shekarar 1968 ya kafa kamfanin kula da saka hannun jari wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama Davis Selected Advisers, &lt;ref name=&quot;ba&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 June 2023 |title=Philanthropy Archives |url=https://www.bankers-anonymous.com/tag/philanthropy/.}}&lt;/ref&gt;  wanda a shekarar 2021 ya mallaki kimanin dala biliyan 37 a cikin asusu da dama. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt;

Duk asusun Davis suna zuba jari a hannun jarin jama'a kuma an bayyana su a matsayin asusun &quot;ƙimar hannun jari&quot;. Sunan Shelby Davis da irin waɗannan hannun jari ya kai matsayin da [[New York Times|jaridar New York Times]] ta kira shi &quot;manajan asusun almara&quot;,  mujallar Money &quot;tatsuniya&quot;,  mujallar Financial Advisor &quot;tatsuniya&quot;,  da kuma &quot;mai saka hannun jari na almara&quot; ta mujallar Kiplinger 's Personal Finance. 

A halin yanzu Davis yana auren matarsa ta biyu, Gale. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Matarsa ta farko, Wendy A. Adams, 'yar shugaban ƙungiyar Boston Bruins ce , Weston Adams .  Davis ya kuma yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban ƙungiyar Bruins, kuma sakamakon nasarar da ƙungiyar ta samu a gasar zakarun Turai a shekarar 1972, an rubuta sunansa a gasar cin kofin Stanley . &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2012, John Rothchild ya buga wani bayanin Davis, mahaifinsa, da 'ya'yansa maza, mai suna &quot;Daular Davis: Shekaru Hamsin na Nasarar Zuba Jari a Wall Street&quot;.

== Taimakon jama'a ==
An san Shelby Davis a matsayin mai bayar da agaji mai karimci, musamman ga harkokin ilimi. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; Daga cikin manyan waɗanda suka amfana da ayyukan agajinsa akwai ƙungiyar United World College da kuma ɗalibansa, Jami'ar Princeton, &lt;ref&gt;What Becomes a Legend Most? Woolley, Suzanne. Money. Jul2000, Vol. 29 Issue 7, p44&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin amintacce tun daga 2006, &lt;ref&gt;Chris And Shelby Davis Trade Places, April 2001, Alan Lavine, https://www.fa-mag.com/news/article-319.html?issue=7&lt;/ref&gt; kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin masu ba da gudummawa mafi girma ga jami'ar a lokacin da yake cikin kwamitin gudanarwa. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; Tallafinsa ga Kwalejojin Duniya na United World sun haɗa da biyan kuɗin gyara Montezuma Castle a harabar jami'ar Amurka. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ƙara tallafawa waɗannan makarantu ta hanyar Shirin Masana Kwalejin Duniya na Davis United, ƙalubalen Davis-UWC IMPACT da Shirin Dare zuwa Mafarki na Davis-UWC. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; Ta hanyar Shirin Masana Kwalejin Duniya na Davis United, Davis ya samar da guraben karatu ga ɗalibai sama da 10,000 a kwalejoji da jami'o'i a faɗin duniya. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UWC Scholars Program |url=https://www.ou.edu/admissions/uwc}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The College of Idaho's Record-Setting Class Wins Davis Cup &amp;#124; the College of Idaho |url=https://www.collegeofidaho.edu/news/college-idahos-record-setting-class-wins-davis-cup }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Davis United World College Scholars Program (DUWCSP) |url=https://www.skidmore.edu/international-students/davis-uwc/index.php }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 April 2015 |title=Davis United World College Scholars Program Marks 15 Years |url=https://www.middlebury.edu/newsroom/node/494015}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2017 |title=Making the World a Better Place: Davis United World College Scholars at UF |url=https://ufprism.com/2017/01/22/making-the-world-a-better-place-davis-united-world-college-scholars-at-uf/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=LAVINE |first=ALAN |date=2001 |title=Chris And Shelby Davis Trade Places |url=https://www.fa-mag.com/news/article-319.html?issue=7}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 November 2022 |title=Major Private Gifts to Higher Education |url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/major-private-gifts-to-higher-education/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 February 2020 |title=Shelby Davis: &quot;How UWC Has Made Me a Better Me&quot; |url=https://perilofafrica.com/2020/02/shelby-davis-how-uwc-has-made-me-better.html |access-date=11 January 2026 |archive-date=13 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113230129/https://perilofafrica.com/2020/02/shelby-davis-how-uwc-has-made-me-better.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Princeton - News - Multi-year, multi-million-dollar commitment will fund Davis UWC Scholarships, promote global understanding |url=http://pr.princeton.edu/news/00/q2/0403-davis.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim has too many footnotes for reading to be smooth. (September 2024)&quot;&gt;ambato mai yawa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Davis da matarsa suna kuma tallafawa ayyukan agaji na muhalli da na yanki, ciki har da a Maine, Wyoming, Florida, da Utah. &lt;ref name=&quot;insidePhil&quot;/&gt;

Davis ya bayyana ayyukansa na taimakon jama'a ta hanyar cewa &quot;Ina ganin ilimi yana haifar da damammaki. Kullum yana game da matasa da makomarsu, kuma duk mun fahimci cewa tare da ilimi, matasa suna da damammaki fiye da ba tare da shi ba. Ina saka hannun jari a cikin ɗaliban UWC, musamman, saboda ina ganin suna samun wani nau'in ilimi na musamman a makarantun UWC. Suna gaya min wannan, akai-akai a cikin wasiƙunsu da kuma lokacin da na haɗu da su. Malamansu da farfesoshinsu suma suna gaya min haka&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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Shelby Moore Cullom Davis (an haife shi a shekara ta 1937 [) ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai taimakon jama'a kuma mai saka hannun jari mai ritaya kuma manajan kuɗi.

== Rayuwar farko da aiki ==
An kuma haifi Davis a shekarar 1937, ɗan manajan kuɗi ne Shelby Cullom Davis  da Kathryn Wasserman Davis . &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar Princeton  kuma ya fara aikinsa a Bankin New York, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shelby Davis |url=https://www.skidmore.edu/international-students/davis-uwc/anniversary/profiles/davis.php |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=www.skidmore.edu |language=en |archive-date=2025-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913161603/https://www.skidmore.edu/international-students/davis-uwc/anniversary/profiles/davis.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; inda ya zama mataimakin shugaban bankin mafi ƙaranci tun bayan Alexander Hamilton. &lt;ref name=&quot;insidePhil&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 December 2019 |title=Shelby Davis — Wall Street Donors Guide |url=https://www.insidephilanthropy.com/wall-street-donors/tag/Shelby+Davis}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Davis ya bar BNY a shekarar 1968 ya kafa kamfanin kula da saka hannun jari wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama Davis Selected Advisers, &lt;ref name=&quot;ba&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 June 2023 |title=Philanthropy Archives |url=https://www.bankers-anonymous.com/tag/philanthropy/.}}&lt;/ref&gt;  wanda a shekarar 2021 ya mallaki kimanin dala biliyan 37 a cikin asusu da dama. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt;

Duk asusun Davis suna zuba jari a hannun jarin jama'a kuma an bayyana su a matsayin asusun &quot;ƙimar hannun jari&quot;. Sunan Shelby Davis da irin waɗannan hannun jari ya kai matsayin da [[New York Times|jaridar New York Times]] ta kira shi &quot;manajan asusun almara&quot;,  mujallar Money &quot;tatsuniya&quot;,  mujallar Financial Advisor &quot;tatsuniya&quot;,  da kuma &quot;mai saka hannun jari na almara&quot; ta mujallar Kiplinger 's Personal Finance. 

A halin yanzu Davis yana auren matarsa ta biyu, Gale. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Matarsa ta farko, Wendy A. Adams, 'yar shugaban ƙungiyar Boston Bruins ce , Weston Adams .  Davis ya kuma yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban ƙungiyar Bruins, kuma sakamakon nasarar da ƙungiyar ta samu a gasar zakarun Turai a shekarar 1972, an rubuta sunansa a gasar cin kofin Stanley . &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2012, John Rothchild ya buga wani bayanin Davis, mahaifinsa, da 'ya'yansa maza, mai suna &quot;Daular Davis: Shekaru Hamsin na Nasarar Zuba Jari a Wall Street&quot;.

== Taimakon jama'a ==
An kuma san Shelby Davis a matsayin mai bayar da agaji mai karimci, musamman ga harkokin ilimi. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; Daga cikin manyan waɗanda suka amfana da ayyukan agajinsa akwai ƙungiyar United World College da kuma ɗalibansa, Jami'ar Princeton, &lt;ref&gt;What Becomes a Legend Most? Woolley, Suzanne. Money. Jul2000, Vol. 29 Issue 7, p44&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin amintacce tun daga 2006, &lt;ref&gt;Chris And Shelby Davis Trade Places, April 2001, Alan Lavine, https://www.fa-mag.com/news/article-319.html?issue=7&lt;/ref&gt; kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin masu ba da gudummawa mafi girma ga jami'ar a lokacin da yake cikin kwamitin gudanarwa. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; Tallafinsa ga Kwalejojin Duniya na United World sun haɗa da biyan kuɗin gyara Montezuma Castle a harabar jami'ar Amurka. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ƙara tallafawa waɗannan makarantu ta hanyar Shirin Masana Kwalejin Duniya na Davis United, ƙalubalen Davis-UWC IMPACT da Shirin Dare zuwa Mafarki na Davis-UWC. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; Ta hanyar Shirin Masana Kwalejin Duniya na Davis United, Davis ya samar da guraben karatu ga ɗalibai sama da 10,000 a kwalejoji da jami'o'i a faɗin duniya. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UWC Scholars Program |url=https://www.ou.edu/admissions/uwc}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The College of Idaho's Record-Setting Class Wins Davis Cup &amp;#124; the College of Idaho |url=https://www.collegeofidaho.edu/news/college-idahos-record-setting-class-wins-davis-cup }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Davis United World College Scholars Program (DUWCSP) |url=https://www.skidmore.edu/international-students/davis-uwc/index.php }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 April 2015 |title=Davis United World College Scholars Program Marks 15 Years |url=https://www.middlebury.edu/newsroom/node/494015}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2017 |title=Making the World a Better Place: Davis United World College Scholars at UF |url=https://ufprism.com/2017/01/22/making-the-world-a-better-place-davis-united-world-college-scholars-at-uf/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=LAVINE |first=ALAN |date=2001 |title=Chris And Shelby Davis Trade Places |url=https://www.fa-mag.com/news/article-319.html?issue=7}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 November 2022 |title=Major Private Gifts to Higher Education |url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/major-private-gifts-to-higher-education/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 February 2020 |title=Shelby Davis: &quot;How UWC Has Made Me a Better Me&quot; |url=https://perilofafrica.com/2020/02/shelby-davis-how-uwc-has-made-me-better.html |access-date=11 January 2026 |archive-date=13 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113230129/https://perilofafrica.com/2020/02/shelby-davis-how-uwc-has-made-me-better.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Princeton - News - Multi-year, multi-million-dollar commitment will fund Davis UWC Scholarships, promote global understanding |url=http://pr.princeton.edu/news/00/q2/0403-davis.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim has too many footnotes for reading to be smooth. (September 2024)&quot;&gt;ambato mai yawa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Davis da matarsa suna kuma tallafawa ayyukan agaji na muhalli da na yanki, ciki har da a Maine, Wyoming, Florida, da Utah. &lt;ref name=&quot;insidePhil&quot;/&gt;

Davis ya bayyana ayyukansa na taimakon jama'a ta hanyar cewa &quot;Ina ganin ilimi yana haifar da damammaki. Kullum yana game da matasa da makomarsu, kuma duk mun fahimci cewa tare da ilimi, matasa suna da damammaki fiye da ba tare da shi ba. Ina saka hannun jari a cikin ɗaliban UWC, musamman, saboda ina ganin suna samun wani nau'in ilimi na musamman a makarantun UWC. Suna gaya min wannan, akai-akai a cikin wasiƙunsu da kuma lokacin da na haɗu da su. Malamansu da farfesoshinsu suma suna gaya min haka&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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Shelby Moore Cullom Davis (an haife shi a shekara ta 1937 [) ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai taimakon jama'a kuma mai saka hannun jari mai ritaya kuma manajan kuɗi.

== Rayuwar farko da aiki ==
An kuma haifi Davis a shekarar 1937, ɗan manajan kuɗi ne Shelby Cullom Davis  da Kathryn Wasserman Davis . &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar Princeton  kuma ya fara aikinsa a Bankin New York, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shelby Davis |url=https://www.skidmore.edu/international-students/davis-uwc/anniversary/profiles/davis.php |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=www.skidmore.edu |language=en |archive-date=2025-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913161603/https://www.skidmore.edu/international-students/davis-uwc/anniversary/profiles/davis.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; inda ya zama mataimakin shugaban bankin mafi ƙaranci tun bayan Alexander Hamilton. &lt;ref name=&quot;insidePhil&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 December 2019 |title=Shelby Davis — Wall Street Donors Guide |url=https://www.insidephilanthropy.com/wall-street-donors/tag/Shelby+Davis}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Davis ya bar BNY a shekarar 1968 ya kafa kamfanin kula da saka hannun jari wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama Davis Selected Advisers, &lt;ref name=&quot;ba&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 June 2023 |title=Philanthropy Archives |url=https://www.bankers-anonymous.com/tag/philanthropy/.}}&lt;/ref&gt;  wanda a shekarar 2021 ya mallaki kimanin dala biliyan 37 a cikin asusu da dama. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt;

Duk asusun Davis suna zuba jari a hannun jarin jama'a kuma an bayyana su a matsayin asusun &quot;ƙimar hannun jari&quot;. Sunan Shelby Davis da irin waɗannan hannun jari ya kai matsayin da [[New York Times|jaridar New York Times]] ta kira shi &quot;manajan asusun almara&quot;,  mujallar Money &quot;tatsuniya&quot;,  mujallar Financial Advisor &quot;tatsuniya&quot;,  da kuma &quot;mai saka hannun jari na almara&quot; ta mujallar Kiplinger 's Personal Finance. 

A halin yanzu Davis yana auren matarsa ta biyu, Gale. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Matarsa ta farko, Wendy A. Adams, 'yar shugaban ƙungiyar Boston Bruins ce , Weston Adams .  Davis ya kuma yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban ƙungiyar Bruins, kuma sakamakon nasarar da ƙungiyar ta samu a gasar zakarun Turai a shekarar 1972, an rubuta sunansa a gasar cin kofin Stanley . &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2012, John Rothchild ya buga wani bayanin Davis, mahaifinsa, da 'ya'yansa maza, mai suna &quot;Daular Davis: Shekaru Hamsin na Nasarar Zuba Jari a Wall Street&quot;.

== Taimakon jama'a ==
An kuma san Shelby Davis a matsayin mai bayar da agaji mai karimci, musamman ga harkokin ilimi. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; Daga cikin manyan waɗanda suka amfana da ayyukan agajinsa akwai ƙungiyar United World College da kuma ɗalibansa, Jami'ar Princeton, &lt;ref&gt;What Becomes a Legend Most? Woolley, Suzanne. Money. Jul2000, Vol. 29 Issue 7, p44&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin amintacce tun daga 2006, &lt;ref&gt;Chris And Shelby Davis Trade Places, April 2001, Alan Lavine, https://www.fa-mag.com/news/article-319.html?issue=7&lt;/ref&gt; kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin masu ba da gudummawa mafi girma ga jami'ar a lokacin da yake cikin kwamitin gudanarwa. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; Tallafinsa ga Kwalejojin Duniya na United World sun haɗa da biyan kuɗin gyara Montezuma Castle a harabar jami'ar Amurka. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ƙara tallafawa waɗannan makarantu ta hanyar Shirin Masana Kwalejin Duniya na Davis United, ƙalubalen Davis-UWC IMPACT da Shirin Dare zuwa Mafarki na Davis-UWC. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; Ta hanyar Shirin Masana Kwalejin Duniya na Davis United, Davis ya samar da guraben karatu ga ɗalibai sama da 10,000 a kwalejoji da jami'o'i a faɗin duniya. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UWC Scholars Program |url=https://www.ou.edu/admissions/uwc}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The College of Idaho's Record-Setting Class Wins Davis Cup &amp;#124; the College of Idaho |url=https://www.collegeofidaho.edu/news/college-idahos-record-setting-class-wins-davis-cup }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Davis United World College Scholars Program (DUWCSP) |url=https://www.skidmore.edu/international-students/davis-uwc/index.php }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 April 2015 |title=Davis United World College Scholars Program Marks 15 Years |url=https://www.middlebury.edu/newsroom/node/494015}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2017 |title=Making the World a Better Place: Davis United World College Scholars at UF |url=https://ufprism.com/2017/01/22/making-the-world-a-better-place-davis-united-world-college-scholars-at-uf/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=LAVINE |first=ALAN |date=2001 |title=Chris And Shelby Davis Trade Places |url=https://www.fa-mag.com/news/article-319.html?issue=7}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 November 2022 |title=Major Private Gifts to Higher Education |url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/major-private-gifts-to-higher-education/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 February 2020 |title=Shelby Davis: &quot;How UWC Has Made Me a Better Me&quot; |url=https://perilofafrica.com/2020/02/shelby-davis-how-uwc-has-made-me-better.html |access-date=11 January 2026 |archive-date=13 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113230129/https://perilofafrica.com/2020/02/shelby-davis-how-uwc-has-made-me-better.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Princeton - News - Multi-year, multi-million-dollar commitment will fund Davis UWC Scholarships, promote global understanding |url=http://pr.princeton.edu/news/00/q2/0403-davis.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim has too many footnotes for reading to be smooth. (September 2024)&quot;&gt;ambato mai yawa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Davis da matarsa suna kuma tallafawa ayyukan agaji na muhalli da na yanki, ciki har da a Maine, Wyoming, Florida, da Utah. &lt;ref name=&quot;insidePhil&quot;/&gt;

Davis ya kuma bayyana ayyukansa na taimakon jama'a ta hanyar cewa &quot;Ina ganin ilimi yana haifar da damammaki. Kullum yana game da matasa da makomarsu, kuma duk mun fahimci cewa tare da ilimi, matasa suna da damammaki fiye da ba tare da shi ba. Ina saka hannun jari a cikin ɗaliban UWC, musamman, saboda ina ganin suna samun wani nau'in ilimi na musamman a makarantun UWC. Suna gaya min wannan, akai-akai a cikin wasiƙunsu da kuma lokacin da na haɗu da su. Malamansu da farfesoshinsu suma suna gaya min haka&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;All in the Davis Family: Still Picking Winners&quot; Virginia Munger Kahn. New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]. 08 Feb 1998: 8&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937]]
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    <title>Yaƙin Malka Nidzhe</title>
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'''Yaƙin Malka Nidzhe''' (Bulgarian), wanda aka fi sani da '''Yaƙin Gornichevo''' shine yaƙin buɗewa na Monastir Offensive . Ya dauki kwanaki uku kuma ya ƙare a nasara ga sojojin Entente.

== Tarihi ==
A watan Agustan 1916, fada a kan Balkans ya ɗauki sabon juyi tare da shigar Romania a cikin Babban Yakin. Damuwa da wannan canjin abubuwan da suka faru, babban kwamandan Bulgarian ya shawo kan kwatankwacin Jamusanci cewa ya zama dole a nuna karfi a gaban Makidoniya don taƙaita layin gaba na Tsakiya na Tsakiya da kuma aiwatar da wani hari na farko a kan sojojin Entente a Salonika waɗanda ke shirin kai farmaki na kansu, suna fatan taimakawa Romania. Don haka a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, Sojojin [[Bulgeriya|Bulgaria]] na farko sun fara Yakin Chegan kuma sun dauki Lerin amma, bayan kwana goma na fada, sun kasa cimma burinsu. A ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, an dakatar da aikin, kuma an umarci sojoji su tono a kan matsayi tsakanin Tafkin Petursko, Tafkin Ostrovo da kuma gefen dutsen Malka Nidzhe da ya mamaye.

== Gabatarwa ==
Sojojin Bulgarian a cikin yankunan da aka mamaye sun kasance bangaren dama na Sojojin Farko na Bulgarian. Wadannan su ne Brigade na 3 na 6th Bdin Infantry Division, wanda aka ƙarfafa tare da Brigade na 3, 8th Tundzha Infantry division da 1st Infantry Brigade na 3. Gabaɗaya, kusan battalions 36 na sojan ƙasa, batir 30 na bindigogi, bindigogi 74 da rundunonin sojan doki goma. Koyaya, layin gaba, wanda dole ne a kare shi, yana da kilomita 79, ma'ana an riƙe shi gabaɗaya. Sojojin, gabaɗaya, suna aiki a yankin tsaunuka kuma ba su da isasshen bindigogi na dutse. Rabin filin zuwa bindigogin dutse ya kasance 9 zuwa 1.5.

Sojojin Entente sun kunshi Sojojin [[Serbiya|Serbia]] na Uku a karkashin umurnin Janar Pavle Jurišić Šturm tare da ƙungiyoyin sojan Vardar, Danube da Drina a layin farko da kuma Morava Division a layin na biyu. Serbians sun kai babban hari a kan hanyar Malka Nidzhe da Gornichevo. Da ke adawa da su kai tsaye a gaban kilomita 10 sune 1st (23rd da 30th infantry regiments) da 2nd (10th Infantry Regiment) brigades na sojan ƙasa na Bulgarian 8th Tundzha Division - {{Nowrap|10 km}} rabi battalions da ke goyan bayan batir 15 na artillery a layin farko da kuma ajiyar yanki na battalions uku (12th Infantary Regiment) a layin na biyu.

A gefen kudu maso yammacin Tafkin Ostrovo akwai sojojin Janar Victor Louis Cordonnier wanda ya kunshi ƙungiyoyi biyu na Faransa (156th Infantry Division, fr:57e division d'infanterie) kuma yana da goyon baya daga ƙungiyar sojan Rasha. Manufar su ita ce Malareka Range . Tsayayya da su a kan gaba na kilomita 20 sune: battalions uku, batirin bindigogi uku da rundunonin sojan doki shida a layin farko, tare da goyon bayan wasu battalions guda uku da rabi da batirin bindiga biyar a layin na biyu. Bugu da kari, a gefen gabas na Tafkin Ostrovo, tsakanin manyan sojojin Allied guda biyu, shi ne ƙungiyar sojan doki ta Serbia ta ƙungiyoyi huɗu da suka hau kan doki 12.

Ga bangarorin biyu na ci gaban Allied, Bulgarians na iya dogaro da ajiyar sojoji na battalions huɗu da rabi da batirin bindigogi guda ɗaya a layin na uku.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 

==Hanyoyin Haɗi na Waje==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20200507233511/http://forum.boinaslava.net/showpost.php?p=259968&amp;postcount=204%7C%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80 Дошкинов. Боятъ на Малка Нидже 12–14.09.1916.Артилерийски прегледъ, година 5, кн. 7 и 8, януарий 1932]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=F3ZJAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=macedonian+campaign+villari  Luigi Villari.The Macedonian campaign. T.F. Unwin Ltd., 1922]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Malka Nidzhe}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Pierre Andrew Rinfret</title>
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'''Pierre Andre &quot;Pete&quot; Rinfret''' / / rɪn ˈfreɪ / rin- FRAY rin- 1 ga Fabrairu, 1924&amp;nbsp;– 29 ga Yuni, 2006) shi ne wanda ya kafa Rinfret-Boston Associates, mai ba da shawara kan tattalin arziki ga shugabannin Amurka uku, kuma ɗan takarar [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|jam'iyyar Republican]] a matsayin Gwamnan New York a 1990.

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
An haifi Rinfret a [[Montréal|Montreal]], [[Kanada]] . Mahaifinsa da dukkan iyalinsa sun yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka daga Kanada a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 1929.&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Mun yi ƙaura zuwa nan ne saboda mahaifina ya durƙushe a harkar kasuwancinsa ta fatara. A Kanada, hakan shine babban abin kunya kuma an tilasta masa fita daga harkar zamantakewa. Bai san cewa akwai wani koma-baya a Amurka ba kuma babu wanda ya yi hakan. Don haka ya yi tunanin zai fara sabuwar rayuwa. Bai san abin da ke gaba ba. Shi da mu duka mun bar tukunyar soya ta shiga wuta!&quot;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Mutumin da ya yi wa kansa aiki, ya yi karatun injiniyan lantarki a Jami'ar Maine, sannan aka tura shi soja a shekarar 1944, inda ya yi wa Janar George S. Patton hidima a Faransa kuma ya sami Tauraron Tagulla . Bayan dawowarsa, ya sami digiri na biyu a Jami'ar New York, kuma ya yi shekaru biyu a Faransa a matsayin Malamin Fulbright .

Yana aiki a fannin kuɗi, ya zama shugaban [[Lionel D. Edie]] a shekarar 1965 kafin ya kafa kamfaninsa. Rinfret ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan tattalin arziki ga shugabannin ƙasa [[John F. Kennedy]], Lyndon Johnson, da Richard Nixon . A shekarar 1972, ya kasance mai magana da yawun kamfen ɗin Nixon, kuma Nixon ya ba shi mukami a Majalisar Masu Ba da Shawara kan Tattalin Arziki kuma daga baya ya ɗauke shi a matsayin minista.

Ya ɗauki kansa a matsayin ƙwararren mai nazarin harkokin kuɗi, da farko dai.&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Ni ne mafi alfahari da ... shekaru 45 da na yi ina aikin manazarci a Amurka da duniya. Ni mutum ne mai son tarihi, mai karya tarihi. Ban taɓa jin tsoron yin tunani da kaina ba. Sau da yawa ina saba wa salon da kuma hikimar da aka yarda da ita. Yana sa ni cikin matsala akai-akai amma dukkan aikina ya ginu ne a kan hakan...&quot;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== 1990 Takarar Gwamnan New York ==
Attajirin Manhattan—wanda a yanzu yake kiran kansa &quot;Pete&quot; Rinfret—ya amince ya zama ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Republican a zaɓen gwamna na 1990 da Mario Cuomo bisa buƙatar tsohon Sakataren Baitulmali William Simon da Sanata Roy Goodman na jihar. Rinfret ya sha wahala lokacin da Jam'iyyar Conservative ta New York ta ƙi amincewa da shi, maimakon haka ta ba da goyon bayansu ga Dr. Herbert London . Rinfret ya kuma yi jayayya cewa jam'iyyar Republican ba ta ba shi goyon baya ko kaɗan, kuma akwai wasu manyan membobin jam'iyyar Republican da ke goyon bayan London da Conservatives a ɓoye. Mista Cuomo ya ci gaba da lashe zaɓen da kashi 53 cikin ɗari, Mista Rinfret ya samu kashi 22 cikin ɗari, ɗan takarar Conservative, Herbert London kuma ya samu kashi 21 cikin ɗari. Da ace Mista London ya sami kaso mafi girma, da jam'iyyar Republican ta rasa layin zaɓe na biyu na jihar New York ga Conservatives.

Pierre ya ɗauki takararsa ta gwamna a matsayin nasara ta ɗabi'a.&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;An ambaci Mario Cuomo akai-akai a matsayin wanda zai iya zama ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa, amma bayan an yi mana katsalandan, duk wannan maganar ta mutu tunda ya lashe zaɓen da rinjaye kaɗan. Mun fitar da shi daga akwatin zaɓen shugaban ƙasa kuma muka fice daga siyasar NY. Ya doke manyan 'yan siyasa biyu da fatar haƙoransa! Mutane kaɗan ne a jihar suka fahimci mummunan yanayin kuɗi da tattalin arziki na jihar har zuwa lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe na. Kasafin kuɗi na farko da Mario Cuomo ya gabatar wa Majalisar Dokoki bayan ya kayar da ni kusan iri ɗaya ne da wanda na gabatar, kuma, kamar yadda masu sharhi na Albany suka ce, &quot;Ka zaɓi Mario kuma ka sami kasafin kuɗin Pierre&quot;

 Rudy Giuliani ya doke Dinkins a zaɓen da ke tafe, kuma batun shine tabarbarewar yanayin birnin New York. George Pataki ya doke Mario Cuomo a zaɓen da ke tafe bisa wasu dalilai da na fara, wato tabarbarewar da jihar ta fuskanta.

 Sabon shugaban jam'iyyar Republican a New York ya ce jim kaɗan bayan zaɓen &quot;Muna bin Pierre bashin&quot;. Mario Cuomo ya ce wa ɗana Peter kimanin shekara guda da ta wuce, kuma na faɗi, &quot;Mahaifinka ya fi ni fahimta sosai.&quot;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Sakon 1990 ==
Ya cancanci zama matukin jirgi a shekara ta 2000, yana da shekaru 76, kuma ya mutu a shekara ta 2006 yana da shekaru 82.

Ya wallafa abubuwan da ya sani da kuma ra'ayoyinsa game da mutanen da ya sani daga siyasa da kasuwanci a wani gidan yanar gizo a lokacin ritayarsa, kuma ya yi wa mutane da dama wasiku na intanet har zuwa 'yan watanni kafin mutuwarsa. Yana ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar &quot;littafin tunawa ta yanar gizo&quot; game da rayuwarsa da gogewarsa, tun daga lokacin da ya girma a cikin [[Great Depression|Babban Mawuyacin Halin Kunci]], zuwa aiki tare da masana tattalin arziki kamar Milton Friedman da Alan Greenspan .&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Na fara haɗuwa da Alan Greenspan a shekarar 1948 lokacin da na halarci Makarantar Kasuwanci, Lissafi da Kuɗi ta Jami'ar New York. A wannan lokacin ina ƙarami a karatuna kuma Alan yana aji biyu. Ni ne Babban Malami a Sashen Tattalin Arziki kuma yana son samun gurbin karatu a Sashen. ...&quot;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Tikitin 'yan Republican na NYS na 1990 ==

* Gwamna: Pierre Rinfret
* Laftanar Gwamna: George Yancey
* Kwanturola: Edward Reagan
* Babban Lauya: Bernard C. Smith

== Manazarta ==

* Tunawa da Shahararrun Mutane [http://www.parida.com/alphalist.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807014551/http://www.parida.com/alphalist.html |date=2007-08-07 }}
* Tunawa da Babban Matsalolin Tattalin Arziki [http://www.rinfret.com/depression.html]
* Yaƙin neman zaɓen Pierre Rinfret na Gwamnan Jihar New York [http://www.parida.com/gov2.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613213820/http://www.parida.com/gov2.html |date=2007-06-13 }}
* [http://www.newscopy.org/pierre_rinfret/index.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071204062852/http://www.newscopy.org/pierre_rinfret/index.html |date=2007-12-04 }}
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/06/nyregion/06rinfret.html]
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/12/AR2006071201993.html]
* [http://www.boston.com/news/globe/obituaries/articles/2006/07/06/pierre_rinfret_economist_reluctant_candidate/]
{{S-start}}
{{S-ppo}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Governor of New York|Republican Nominee for Governor of New York]]|before=[[Andrew O'Rourke]]|after=[[George Pataki]]|years=[[1990 New York gubernatorial election|1990]]}}
{{S-end}}
[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2006]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1924]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Ƙungiyar Larabawa ta Misali</title>
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'''Ƙungiyar Model Arab League''' (wanda kuma aka sani da '''MAL''' ) wani kwaikwaiyo ne na ilimi wanda ɗalibai ke koyo game da [[Diflomasiya|diflomasiyya]] da dangantakar ƙasa da ƙasa ta hanyar muhawara a gasar samfura ta yankuna da yawa, suna fafatawa a matsayin wakilai daga Membobin Ƙungiyar Larabawa . An kuma kafa MAL a cikin shekarar 1983 ta Majalisar Ƙasa kan Hulɗar Amurka da Larabawa a matsayin Shirin Ci Gaban Jagoranci Matasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the Program – Model Arab League Youth Leadership Development Program |url=https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145409/https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=ncusar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana ƙarfafa mahalarta su yi amfani da ƙwarewarsu don haɓaka ƙwarewarsu a fannin magana a bainar jama'a, muhawara da [[Diflomasiya|diflomasiyya]], ban da babban burin shirin wanda shine koyon siyasa da tarihin ƙasashen Larabawa.

A [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], Majalisar Ƙasa kan Hulɗar Amurka da Larabawa (NCUSAR) ce ke gudanar da gasar. A wajen Amurka, Jami'ar Peloponnese tana karɓar baƙuncin Corinth Model Arab League (CorMAL) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the Program – Model Arab League Youth Leadership Development Program |url=https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145409/https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=ncusar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Jami'ar Amurka a Alkahira|Jami'ar Amurka da ke Alƙahira]] kuma tana karɓar baƙuncin Cairo International Model Arab League (CIMAL). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cairo International (CIMAL) – Model Arab League Youth Leadership Development Program |url=https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/conferences/cimal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145404/https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/conferences/cimal/ |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=ncusar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin gini ==
Ƙungiyar Larabawa ta Model (MAL) wani kwaikwaiyo ne na muhawara na Ƙungiyar Larabawa, wani tsari makamancin na Ƙungiyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Model (Medel UN), wanda ke ƙalubalantar ɗalibai su wakilci buƙatu da muradun ƙasashen da ke cikin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] (MDD) daidai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the Program – Model Arab League Youth Leadership Development Program |url=https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145409/https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=ncusar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da MAL shine cewa na ƙarshen ya ƙunshi ƙasashe 22 mambobi ne kawai &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=League of Arab States (LAS) {{!}} EEAS |url=https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/league-arab-states-las_en#:~:text=Currently%20it%20gathers%2022%20Arab%20countries |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145359/https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/league-arab-states-las_en#:~:text=Currently%20it%20gathers%2022%20Arab%20countries |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=www.eeas.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt; sabanin ƙasashe 193 na Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the Program – Model Arab League Youth Leadership Development Program |url=https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145409/https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=ncusar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the Program – Model Arab League Youth Leadership Development Program |url=https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145409/https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=ncusar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan bambancin girma yana ba da damar yin muhawara mai zurfi da zurfi, amma tare da ikon da aka iyakance ga tarihi da siyasar ƙasashen Larabawa .

Ana gudanar da Model Arab League a tsakiya daga Washington, DC ta Majalisar Ƙasa kan Hulɗar Amurka da Larabawa (NCUSAR), wacce ke aiki tare da masu masaukin baki na gida don tsara da gudanar da tarurruka a faɗin Amurka. Majalisar Ƙasa kuma tana sabunta batutuwa na muhawara da jagororin bincike kowace shekara ta hanyar amfani da shugabannin ɗalibai da aka naɗa a ƙasa waɗanda kuma ke aiki a matsayin sakatare na Babban Taron Jami'o'i na Ƙasa.
[[Fayil:Model_Arab_League_Conference_2022.jpg|thumb|Mahalarta taron ƙungiyar ƙasashen Larabawa ta Model ta jami'o'i ta ƙasa na shekarar 2022]]

== Manazarta ==
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'''Ƙungiyar Model Arab League''' (wanda kuma aka sani da '''MAL''' ) wani kwaikwaiyo ne na ilimi wanda ɗalibai ke koyo game da [[Diflomasiya|diflomasiyya]] da dangantakar ƙasa da ƙasa ta hanyar muhawara a gasar samfura ta yankuna da yawa, suna fafatawa a matsayin wakilai daga Membobin Ƙungiyar Larabawa . An kuma kafa MAL a cikin shekarar 1983 ta Majalisar Ƙasa kan Hulɗar Amurka da Larabawa a matsayin Shirin Ci Gaban Jagoranci Matasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the Program – Model Arab League Youth Leadership Development Program |url=https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145409/https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=ncusar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana kuma ƙarfafa mahalarta su yi amfani da ƙwarewarsu don haɓaka ƙwarewarsu a fannin magana a bainar jama'a, muhawara da [[Diflomasiya|diflomasiyya]], ban da babban burin shirin wanda shine koyon siyasa da tarihin ƙasashen Larabawa.

A [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], Majalisar Ƙasa kan Hulɗar Amurka da Larabawa (NCUSAR) ce ke gudanar da gasar. A wajen Amurka, Jami'ar Peloponnese tana karɓar baƙuncin Corinth Model Arab League (CorMAL) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the Program – Model Arab League Youth Leadership Development Program |url=https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145409/https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=ncusar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Jami'ar Amurka a Alkahira|Jami'ar Amurka da ke Alƙahira]] kuma tana karɓar baƙuncin Cairo International Model Arab League (CIMAL). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cairo International (CIMAL) – Model Arab League Youth Leadership Development Program |url=https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/conferences/cimal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145404/https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/conferences/cimal/ |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=ncusar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin gini ==
Ƙungiyar Larabawa ta Model (MAL) wani kwaikwaiyo ne na muhawara na Ƙungiyar Larabawa, wani tsari makamancin na Ƙungiyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Model (Medel UN), wanda ke ƙalubalantar ɗalibai su wakilci buƙatu da muradun ƙasashen da ke cikin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] (MDD) daidai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the Program – Model Arab League Youth Leadership Development Program |url=https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145409/https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=ncusar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da MAL shine cewa na ƙarshen ya ƙunshi ƙasashe 22 mambobi ne kawai &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=League of Arab States (LAS) {{!}} EEAS |url=https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/league-arab-states-las_en#:~:text=Currently%20it%20gathers%2022%20Arab%20countries |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145359/https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/league-arab-states-las_en#:~:text=Currently%20it%20gathers%2022%20Arab%20countries |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=www.eeas.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt; sabanin ƙasashe 193 na Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the Program – Model Arab League Youth Leadership Development Program |url=https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145409/https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=ncusar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the Program – Model Arab League Youth Leadership Development Program |url=https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145409/https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=ncusar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan bambancin girma yana ba da damar yin muhawara mai zurfi da zurfi, amma tare da ikon da aka iyakance ga tarihi da siyasar ƙasashen Larabawa .

Ana gudanar da Model Arab League a tsakiya daga Washington, DC ta Majalisar Ƙasa kan Hulɗar Amurka da Larabawa (NCUSAR), wacce ke aiki tare da masu masaukin baki na gida don tsara da gudanar da tarurruka a faɗin Amurka. Majalisar Ƙasa kuma tana sabunta batutuwa na muhawara da jagororin bincike kowace shekara ta hanyar amfani da shugabannin ɗalibai da aka naɗa a ƙasa waɗanda kuma ke aiki a matsayin sakatare na Babban Taron Jami'o'i na Ƙasa.
[[Fayil:Model_Arab_League_Conference_2022.jpg|thumb|Mahalarta taron ƙungiyar ƙasashen Larabawa ta Model ta jami'o'i ta ƙasa na shekarar 2022]]

== Manazarta ==
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'''Ƙungiyar Model Arab League''' (wanda kuma aka sani da '''MAL''' ) wani kwaikwaiyo ne na ilimi wanda ɗalibai ke koyo game da [[Diflomasiya|diflomasiyya]] da dangantakar ƙasa da ƙasa ta hanyar muhawara a gasar samfura ta yankuna da yawa, suna fafatawa a matsayin wakilai daga Membobin Ƙungiyar Larabawa . An kuma kafa MAL a cikin shekarar 1983 ta Majalisar Ƙasa kan Hulɗar Amurka da Larabawa a matsayin Shirin Ci Gaban Jagoranci Matasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the Program – Model Arab League Youth Leadership Development Program |url=https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145409/https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=ncusar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana kuma ƙarfafa mahalarta su yi amfani da ƙwarewarsu don haɓaka ƙwarewarsu a fannin magana a bainar jama'a, muhawara da [[Diflomasiya|diflomasiyya]], ban da babban burin shirin wanda shine koyon siyasa da tarihin ƙasashen Larabawa.

A [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], Majalisar Ƙasa kan Hulɗar Amurka da Larabawa (NCUSAR) ce ke gudanar da gasar. A wajen Amurka, Jami'ar Peloponnese tana karɓar baƙuncin Corinth Model Arab League (CorMAL) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the Program – Model Arab League Youth Leadership Development Program |url=https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145409/https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=ncusar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Jami'ar Amurka a Alkahira|Jami'ar Amurka da ke Alƙahira]] kuma tana karɓar baƙuncin Cairo International Model Arab League (CIMAL). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cairo International (CIMAL) – Model Arab League Youth Leadership Development Program |url=https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/conferences/cimal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145404/https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/conferences/cimal/ |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=ncusar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin gini ==
Ƙungiyar Larabawa ta Model (MAL) wani kwaikwaiyo ne na muhawara na Ƙungiyar Larabawa, wani tsari makamancin na Ƙungiyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Model (Medel UN), wanda ke ƙalubalantar ɗalibai su wakilci buƙatu da muradun ƙasashen da ke cikin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] (MDD) daidai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the Program – Model Arab League Youth Leadership Development Program |url=https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145409/https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=ncusar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin Tsarin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da MAL shine cewa na ƙarshen ya ƙunshi ƙasashe 22 mambobi ne kawai &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=League of Arab States (LAS) {{!}} EEAS |url=https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/league-arab-states-las_en#:~:text=Currently%20it%20gathers%2022%20Arab%20countries |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145359/https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/league-arab-states-las_en#:~:text=Currently%20it%20gathers%2022%20Arab%20countries |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=www.eeas.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt; sabanin ƙasashe 193 na Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the Program – Model Arab League Youth Leadership Development Program |url=https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145409/https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=ncusar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the Program – Model Arab League Youth Leadership Development Program |url=https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803145409/https://ncusar.org/modelarableague/about-model-arab-league/about/#:~:text=Established%20in%201983,%20Model%20Arab%20League%20(MAL)%20is%20the%20National%20Council%20on%20U.S.-Arab%20Relations%E2%80%99%20flagship%20Youth%20Leadership%20Development%20Program |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=ncusar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan bambancin girma yana ba da damar yin muhawara mai zurfi da zurfi, amma tare da ikon da aka iyakance ga tarihi da siyasar ƙasashen Larabawa .

Ana gudanar da Model Arab League a tsakiya daga Washington, DC ta Majalisar Ƙasa kan Hulɗar Amurka da Larabawa (NCUSAR), wacce ke aiki tare da masu masaukin baki na gida don tsara da gudanar da tarurruka a faɗin Amurka. Majalisar Ƙasa kuma tana sabunta batutuwa na muhawara da jagororin bincike kowace shekara ta hanyar amfani da shugabannin ɗalibai da aka naɗa a ƙasa waɗanda kuma ke aiki a matsayin sakatare na Babban Taron Jami'o'i na Ƙasa.
[[Fayil:Model_Arab_League_Conference_2022.jpg|thumb|Mahalarta taron ƙungiyar ƙasashen Larabawa ta Model ta jami'o'i ta ƙasa na shekarar 2022]]

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Ryuichi Kawamura</title>
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Ryuichi Kawamura  mawaƙi ne na Japan, marubucin waƙa, mai shirya rikodin, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma marubuci. An fi saninsa da jagorar mawaƙa na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Luna Sea tun daga shekara ta 1989. Ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi masu tasiri a cikin yanayin [[visual kei]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HMVJapan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-09-02 |title=Top 100 Japanese pops Artists - No.90 |url=https://www.hmv.co.jp/news/article/308150081/ |access-date=2011-09-06 |website=[[HMV Japan]] |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan sun rabu a shekara ta 2000, ya mayar da hankali kan aikinsa na solo a matsayin mawaƙa, wanda ya fara a shekara ta 1997. A shekara ta 2005, Kawamura ya kafa Tourbillon tare da ɗan'uwan Luna Sea [[Inoran]] da Hiroaki Hayama . Ya koma Luna Sea lokacin da suka sake haduwa a watan Agusta 2010.
Kundin farko na Kawamura mai tsawo Love ya hau kan Oricon Albums Chart tare da tallace-tallace na 1,021,000 kofe, yana mai da shi kadai namiji mai zane-zane da ke da kundin sayar da fiye da miliyan ɗaya a cikin makon farko a tarihin ginshiƙi. &lt;ref name=&quot;firstweek&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2005-11-29 |script-title=ja:平井堅ベスト盤が首位！ 初動売上は男性ソロ史上3番目の大ヒット！ |url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/ranking/3315/ |access-date=2010-06-23 |publisher=Oricon |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ci gaba da sayar da kwafin miliyan 3.2, yana mai da shi mafi kyawun kundin namiji a Japan. A cikin 1997 kadai, tare da ƙananan kundin sa da cikakkun waƙoƙi guda huɗu (wanda &quot;Glass&quot; ya sayar da sama da miliyan ɗaya da kansa), ya sayar da rikodin sama da miliyan shida.

==Farkon Rayuwa==
An haifi Ryuichi Kawamura a Yamato, Kanagawa a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1970. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-05-23 |title=河村隆一「全てをあらわに」 |url=https://www.kanaloco.jp/entry-59840.html |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=[[Kanagawa Shimbun]] |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a masana'antar lantarki, danginsu suna da tsarin sauti mai inganci. Mahaifinsa ya saurari kiɗa na jazz da kiɗa, yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta kasance mai sha'awar [[The Beatles|Beatles]].&lt;ref name=&quot;factoryryu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=FACTORY721 CS0009 : THEMSELVES - RYUICHI |url=https://www.fujitv.co.jp/FACTORY/CS0009/ryuichi.html |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Factory 721 |publisher=[[Fuji TV]] |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk lokacin da aka tsawata masa kuma ya fara kuka ko yin fushi tun yana ƙarami, Ryuichi zai kunna kiɗa ta hanyar belun kunne don kwantar da hankali. Ya tuna cewa karo na farko da ya taɓa jin farin ciki daga raira waƙa ya kasance a makarantar sakandare, lokacin da ya raira waƙa shi kaɗai ga abokan karatunsa 20 ko 30.&lt;ref name=&quot;factoryryu&quot; /&gt; Iyayensa sun fara rabuwa lokacin da yake cikin aji na biyu, kuma Ryuichi ya zaɓi ya zauna tare da mahaifiyarsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;factoryryu&quot; /&gt; Ya kasance memba na kulob din kwallon kafa a makarantar firamare kuma ya buga wasan tennis, amma ya ci gaba da raira waƙa don jin daɗin kansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;factoryryu&quot; /&gt;

Ryuichi ya koyi yin wasa da guitar wanda dangi ya ba shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;fendint&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-12-22 |script-title=ja:The Rock Freaks Vol.18 │ 河村隆一 |url=https://fendernews.jp/rock-freaks-vol18/ |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=[[Fender (company)|Fender]] |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tare da mahaifiyarsa mai sha'awar Beatles, ya fara sha'awar sautin guitar na lantarki kuma ya sayi fari don 15,000 yen lokacin da yake cikin aji na biyar. Amma gadar ta yi tsatsa kuma bai san game da wanzuwar amplifiers ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;fendint&quot; /&gt; Lokacin da ya koyi game da amplifiers kadan daga baya, sai ya yi takaici da guitar saboda ba zai iya yin wasa da sauri ba don ya dace da karamin ƙarfe na lokacin.&lt;ref name=&quot;fendint&quot; /&gt; Ryuichi kuma ya yi takaici da raira waƙa saboda bai iya buga manyan bayanan mawaƙa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;fendint&quot; /&gt; &quot;Maimakon kwafa wani abu, na fahimci zan iya yin nasu dokoki, don haka na kafa ƙungiyar kuma na fara rubuta waƙoƙi na asali lokacin da nake cikin shekara ta biyu na makarantar sakandare. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;fendint&quot; /&gt; Ya kuma fara canza gashinsa ja ko purple a wannan lokacin. &lt;ref name=&quot;factoryryu&quot;/&gt; A makarantar sakandare, Ryuichi ya fahimci cewa bai dauki waka da muhimmanci ba kuma ya yi takaici da tsarin yau da kullun na azuzuwan da ya yi imanin ba zai taimaka masa a nan gaba ba. Don haka ya cire komai daga rayuwarsa sai dai kiɗa, kuma ya jefa kansa cikin yanayin dutse mai zaman kansa na Japan.&lt;ref name=&quot;factoryryu&quot; /&gt; Daga bisani ya bar makarantar sakandare domin ya bi burinsa na zama ƙwararren mawaƙi.&lt;ref name=&quot;kanasugi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-08-15 |title=結成25周年を迎えたLUNA SEAのギタリスト〈5〉 SUGIZO「セカンドインパクト」 |url=https://www.kanaloco.jp/news/culture/entry-50782.html |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=[[Kanagawa Shimbun]] |language=ja |archive-date=2024-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601004916/https://www.kanaloco.jp/news/culture/entry-50782.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==

=== 1986-2000: Tekun Luna, na farko ===
Kawamura ya fara aikinsa na kiɗa a matsayin mai ba da murya na ƙungiyar Cradle da Slaughter, yayin da yake makarantar sakandare, a ƙarƙashin sunan Rayla . &lt;ref name=&quot;JRRGodBless&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2007-08-27 |title=LUNA SEA: God Bless You |url=http://jrockrevolution.com/2007/08/webzine/luna-sea-god-bless-you-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109153939/http://jrockrevolution.com/2007/08/webzine/luna-sea-god-bless-you-26 |archive-date=2016-01-09 |access-date=2013-03-01 |website=JRock Revolution}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lokacin da labarin ya fito cewa Slaughter yana rabu, an gayyaci Kawamura da sauri don shiga Lunacy a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1989. &lt;ref name=&quot;JRRGodBless&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kanasugi&quot;/&gt; A cikin 1991, ɓoye na X Japan ya same su a kan da'irar indie kuma daga ƙarshe ya sanya su hannu ga mai haɗin gwiwar X Japan Yoshiki's Extasy Records, inda suka canza sunansu zuwa Luna Sea . &lt;ref name=&quot;JRRGodBless&quot; /&gt; An dauke su daya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi masu tasiri a cikin motsi na visual kei,  kuma sun sayar da fiye da miliyan 10 a Japan.&lt;ref name=&quot;HMVJapan&quot;/&gt; Ryuichi ya ba da murya don B-gefe version na waƙar hide ta 1994 &quot;Scanner&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-05-23 |title=河村隆一「全てをあらわに」 |url=https://www.kanaloco.jp/entry-59840.html |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=[[Kanagawa Shimbun]] |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin hutun Luna Sea na wucin gadi a shekarar 1997, Ryuichi ya fara aikinsa na solo. Da yake tafiya da cikakken sunansa, Ryuichi Kawamura, ya canza muryarsa da kiɗa daga sauti mai ƙarfi zuwa sauti na gumaka. A wannan shekarar, ya fitar da waƙoƙi huɗu, ƙaramin kundi ɗaya da kundi na farko mai tsawo, Love . Kundin ya haɗa da waƙarsa ta &quot;Namida Iro&quot;, wanda a baya mawaƙan mata na Japan Noriko Sakai ta raira waƙa tare da rubuce-rubucen waƙoƙinsa. ''''Ƙaunar'''' ta hau kan Oricon Albums Chart tare da tallace-tallace na 1,021,000 kofe, wanda ya sa shi ne kawai namiji mai zane-zane da ke da kundin da ke sayar da fiye da miliyan ɗaya a cikin makon farko na saki a cikin tarihin ginshiƙi.&lt;ref name=&quot;firstweek&quot;/&gt; Kundin ya sayar da kwafin 2,788,000 a ƙarshen shekara,  da miliyan 3.2 gabaɗaya. &lt;ref name=&quot;twomillion&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2006-04-10 |script-title=ja:平井堅、男性ソロ史上3人目の快挙！べスト盤が200万枚突破！ |url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/ranking/18171/ |access-date=2010-03-08 |publisher=[[Oricon]] |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-03-22 |script-title=ja:河村隆一が20年前の大ヒット作をステージに再現「LUNA SEA新作も遠くない未来に」 |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/225515 |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |language=ja |archive-date=2025-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118222006/https://natalie.mu/music/news/225515 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kawamura daga baya ya fara gidan samar da kansa mai taken RK, kuma a cikin 1999, ya ci gaba da samar da masu fasaha da yawa ciki har da Azumaya Toga, Hideki da Izam .

Luna Sea ta rushe a ƙarshen shekara ta 2000. Billboard daga baya ya nakalto mai sukar kiɗa Hiromichi Ugaya yana cewa ƙungiyar ta rabu saboda rikici tsakanin Kawamura da sauran membobin.[1] A wannan shekarar, Kawamura ya fara rangadin kansa na farko kuma ya kirkiro wani reshe na RK da aka nufa don samar da kiɗa na fim. Ba da daɗewa ba, ya kirkiro kiɗa don fim din So Faraway . A tsakiyar shekara ta 2001, an bude kulob din magoya bayansa na RKF (Ryuichi Kawamura Family). Daga baya, Ryuichi ya fitar da waƙoƙin &quot;Shizuka na Yoru wa Futari Iyou&quot; da &quot;Julia&quot;. Kawamura ya fara bayyana a cikin shahararrun shirye-shiryen kiɗa ciki har da Music Station da Hey x3. Bayan fitowar &quot;Kimi no Mae de Paino wo Hikou&quot;, ya taka rawar gani a fim din Picaresque wanda ya danganci rayuwar Osamu Dazai .

==Manazarta== 
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[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]]
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    <title>Robert Allerton</title>
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'''Robert Henry Allerton''' (Maris 20, 1873 - Disamba 22, 1964), an haife shi a [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]], Amurka, ɗa ne kuma magajin wanda ya kafa First National Bank of Chicago, Samuel Allerton . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ALLERTON LEFT $20,000,000.; Chicago Banker Bequeathed Fortune to Family and Gift to Servant. |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/03/17/101754826.pdf |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kasance mai taimakon jama'a wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin amintacce kuma shugaban girmamawa na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin masu ba shi taimako ta hanyar bayar da dubban ayyukan fasaha. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;ARPC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=About Robert Allerton |url=https://allerton.illinois.edu/about-robert-allerton/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607162821/https://allerton.illinois.edu/about-robert-allerton/ |archive-date=7 June 2023 |website=Allerton Retreat and Park Center}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kuma zama amintaccen Kwalejin Fasaha ta Honolulu, inda ya bar amintaccen da ke ba da kuɗin Kwalejin har zuwa yau. &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;Syrett2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Syrett |first=Nicholas L. |date=2013 |title=“Lord of a Hawaiian Island”: Robert and John Gregg Allerton, Queerness, and the Erasure of Colonization in Kaua'i: Robert and John Gregg Allerton, Queerness, and the Erasure of Colonization in Kaua'i |journal=Pacific Historical Review |volume=82 |issue=3 |pages=396–427 |doi=10.1525/phr.2013.82.3.396 |issn=0030-8684 |jstor=10.1525/phr.2013.82.3.396}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{Rp|398}}

Robert Allerton ya yi yawo a duniya yana siyan mutum-mutumi da sauran ayyukan fasaha. An sanya da yawa a cikin kadarorinsa &quot;The Farms&quot; a Piatt County, Illinois . A shekarar 1946, Allerton ya ba da kadarorin, wanda aka sake masa suna Robert Allerton Park ga Jami'ar Illinois. Ana samun mutum-mutumi sama da 100 da sauran ayyukan fasaha da yawa a can. Ya taka rawa wajen kafa Lambun Tsirrai na Ƙasa, wanda yanzu ya haɗa da Lambun Allerton, tsohon kadarorinsa a tsibirin Kaua ʻ a jihar [[Hawaii]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;NTBC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Allerton Garden History |url=https://ntbg.org/gardens/allerton/allerton-garden-history/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324122729/https://ntbg.org/gardens/allerton/allerton-garden-history/ |archive-date=24 March 2023 |website=National Tropical Botanical Garden}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Robert Henry Allerton a ranar 20 ga Maris, 1873, a matsayin ɗa na biyu kuma ɗa tilo ga Samuel Waters Allerton (1828–1914) da Pamilla Thompson Allerton (1840–1880). Ta hanyar zuriyar uba gaba ɗaya, Robert Henry Allerton ya fito ne daga Isaac Allerton, ɗan Puritan ɗan Ingila wanda ya zo Amurka a watan Mayu a 1620.  Mahaifinsa mutum ne mai son kansa wanda ya sami miliyoyin kuɗi a filaye, dabbobi, banki, da sauran kasuwancin kasuwanci. Mahaifiyar Robert ta mutu a 1880, kwana biyar kafin ranar haihuwarsa ta bakwai. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, mahaifinsa ya auri Agnes Thompson, ƙanwar mahaifiyarsa. Agnes Thompson Allerton (1858–1924) ta zama uwa, aboki, kuma mai ba da shawara kan al'adu ga ɗanta/ɗanta. Ta ƙarfafa sha'awarsa ga [[adabi]], [[kiɗa]], aikin lambu, da kuma fiye da duka, fasahar gani.

Al'ummar Allertons suna zaune ne a titin Prairie da ke [[Chicago]], wanda shine titin zama mafi tsada a wannan birnin a ƙarshen shekarun 1800. Al'ummar Allertons maƙwabta ne ga Marshall Field, Pullmans, Kimballs, da Armours . Robert ya halarci Allen Academy da Harvard School a Chicago, bayan haka shi da abokinsa Frederic Clay Bartlett (1873−1953), aka tura su gabas zuwa Makarantar St. Paul, wata babbar makarantar shirye-shiryen kwaleji a [[Yanayin ƙasa na Concord, New Hampshire|Concord, New Hampshire]] . Matasan 'yan Chicago sun yanke shawarar kada su je kwaleji, sai dai su yi karatun fasaha a [[Turai]] .

Daga 1894 zuwa 1896 sun yi karatu a Bayerische Akademie der Schönen Künste (Royal Bavarian Academy of Art) da ke Munich, Jamus da kuma Académie Julian da ke Paris. Bayan shekaru da dama na karatu a Turai, Allerton ya kasa gamsuwa da iyawarsa a matsayin mai zane, ya ƙone zane-zanensa ya koma gida Illinois. Frederic Bartlett ya ci gaba da zama ƙwararren mai zane.

A shekarar 1922, Allerton ya haɗu da John Gregg (1899–1986), wani maraya kuma mai neman zama mai gine-gine wanda ya yi aiki da mai ginin al'umma David Adler a Chicago a shekarun 1920. Bayan faduwar kasuwar hannayen jari a shekarar 1929, aikin Adler ya ragu kuma Gregg ya koma zama a gidan Allerton a matsayin mai ginin shimfidar wuri da manajan kasuwanci, wanda ke da albashi mai tsoka. Allerton da Gregg sun zama abokan zama na tsawon rai. Bayan sauya dokar Illinois a shekarar 1959, Allerton ya ɗauki Gregg a matsayin ɗansa bisa doka duk da cewa Gregg bai ɗauki sunan Allerton ba sai bayan mutuwar Robert a shekarar 1964. &lt;ref name=&quot;syrett&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Syrett |first=Nicholas L. |date=3 January 2012 |title=Queering Couplehood: Robert &amp; John Allerton and Historical Perspectives on Kinship |url=https://www.colorado.edu/gendersarchive1998-2013/2012/01/03/queering-couplehood-robert-john-allerton-and-historical-perspectives-kinship |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=Genders 1998-2013 |publisher=University of Colorado Boulder |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ALLERTON LEFT $20,000,000.; Chicago Banker Bequeathed Fortune to Family and Gift to Servant. |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/03/17/101754826.pdf |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan mutuwar Robert Allerton a ranar 22 ga Disamba, 1964, bisa ga burinsa, John ya watsa tokarsa a Lawai Bay, Kauai, Hawaii. Lokacin da John ya mutu a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 1986, tokarsa ta bazu a kan teku. Ana kyautata zaton cewa Allerton da Gregg sun shiga cikin dangantaka tsakanin jinsi ɗaya, a lokacin da Amurka ke nuna wariya ga [[Jima'in jinsi|'yan luwaɗi]] a zamantakewa da shari'a. Idan haka ne, an rufe su. &lt;ref name=&quot;syrett&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ALLERTON LEFT $20,000,000.; Chicago Banker Bequeathed Fortune to Family and Gift to Servant. |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/03/17/101754826.pdf |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Syrett2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Syrett |first=Nicholas L. |date=2013 |title=“Lord of a Hawaiian Island”: Robert and John Gregg Allerton, Queerness, and the Erasure of Colonization in Kaua'i: Robert and John Gregg Allerton, Queerness, and the Erasure of Colonization in Kaua'i |journal=Pacific Historical Review |volume=82 |issue=3 |pages=396–427 |doi=10.1525/phr.2013.82.3.396 |issn=0030-8684 |jstor=10.1525/phr.2013.82.3.396}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSyrett2013&quot;&gt;Syrett, Nicholas L. (2013). &quot;&quot;Lord of a Hawaiian Island&quot;: Robert and John Gregg Allerton, Queerness, and the Erasure of Colonization in Kaua'i: Robert and John Gregg Allerton, Queerness, and the Erasure of Colonization in Kaua'i&quot;. ''Pacific Historical Review''. '''82''' (3): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;396–&lt;/span&gt;427. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1525/phr.2013.82.3.396|10.1525/phr.2013.82.3.396]]. [[ISSN]]&amp;nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0030-8684 0030-8684]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&amp;nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/phr.2013.82.3.396 10.1525/phr.2013.82.3.396].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fleeson |first=Lucinda |title=The Gay '30s |url=https://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/November-2005/The-Gay-30S/ |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=Chicago magazine |language=en |archive-date=11 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211004954/https://www.chicagomag.com/chicago-magazine/november-2005/the-gay-30s/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗaukar yara maza da mata a matsayin hanyar kafa dangantaka ta doka da ma'aurata ke amfani da ita a lokacin da aka halatta auren jinsi ɗaya da kuma auren jinsi ɗaya .

== &quot;Gonaki&quot; ==
Gidansa ya fara ne a shekarar 1897 lokacin da Allerton ya yanke shawarar zama manomi. Zuwa shekarar 1914, &quot;gonarsa&quot; ta girma zuwa sama da {{Convert|12,000|acres}} kuma an san shi da &quot;Gonakin&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;ARPC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=About Robert Allerton |url=https://allerton.illinois.edu/about-robert-allerton/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607162821/https://allerton.illinois.edu/about-robert-allerton/ |archive-date=7 June 2023 |website=Allerton Retreat and Park Center}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230607162821/https://allerton.illinois.edu/about-robert-allerton/ &quot;About Robert Allerton&quot;]. ''Allerton Retreat and Park Center''. Archived from [https://allerton.illinois.edu/about-robert-allerton/ the original] on June 7, 2023.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Yanzu ana kiransa Robert Allerton Park, mallakar Jami'ar Illinois ne kusa da Monticello, Illinois . Mujallar tsire-tsire ''ta Allertonia'' da wuraren shakatawa guda biyu an sanya musu suna bayan Robert Allerton. Babban ginin Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban girmamawa kuma amintacce, an sake masa suna zuwa Ginin Allerton don girmama shi a shekarar 1968.

== Hawai ʻ ==
Tsohon gidan sarauta na Hawaiian Royal, wanda ke tsibirin Kaua ʻ i a [[Hawaii|Hawai ʻ i]], yanzu ana kiransa Lambun Allerton . Bayan mutuwar John Gregg Allerton, ya zama wani ɓangare na Lambun Tsire-tsire na wurare masu zafi na ƙasa, tare da yawon shakatawa na jama'a.

== Duba kuma ==

* Robert Allerton Park (&quot;The Farms,&quot; Illinois)
* Lambun Allerton (Kaua'i, Hawaii)

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    <title>Gloria von Thurn und Taxis</title>
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'''Gloria, Gimbiya Dowager ta Thurn da Taxis''' ( ''Mariae Gloria Ferdinanda Joicana Josephine Wilhelmine Huberta'' ; an haife ta a '''matsayin Countess Gloria von Schönburg-Glauchau''', 23 ga Fabrairu 1960) 'yar asalin Jamus ce, ƴar kasuwa, mai fafutukar Katolika, mai tattara zane-zane, kuma mai zane. Bayan mutuwar mijinta, Johannes, Yarima na 11 na Thurn da Taxis, ta karɓi ragamar kula da Schloss St. Emmeram da kuma harkokin kasuwancin House of Thurn da Taxis . Ta kuma kasance mai fafutukar kare addinin Katolika na gargajiya, musamman ci gaba da ibadar Tridentine .

== Rayuwar farko da iyali ==
An haifi Gloria Gräfin von Schönburg-Glauchau a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 1960 a [[Stuttgart]], Baden-Württemberg, [[Yammacin Jamus]] . Mahaifinta, Joachim, Count of Schönburg-Glauchau, shi ne shugaban reshen Glauchau na gidan sarauta na Jamus na Schönburg, wata daular da aka kafa a tsohuwar [[Daular Roma Mai Tsarki|Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki]] .  Mahaifiyarta, Countess Beatrix Széchenyi de Sárvár-Felsővidék, memba ce ta dangin Széchenyi kuma zuriyar Count István Széchenyi . Iyayenta sun rabu a shekarar 1986 kuma mahaifinta ya auri Ursula Zwicker. Gloria tana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya biyar daga auren mahaifinta biyu. Tana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu, Carl-Alban Count von Schönburg-Glauchau (an haife ta a shekarar 1966), tsohon shugaban iyali, wanda ya yi watsi da haƙƙinsa bayan aurensa da Juliet Helene Beechy-Fowler, 'yar Nicholas Beechy-Fowler da Countess Jutta von [[:de:Pfeil (Adelsgeschlecht)|Pfeil und Klein-Ellguth]] ; da kuma Alexander, Count of Schönburg-Glauchau, marubuci kuma shugabar reshen gidan Schönburg-Glauchau, wacce ta auri Gimbiya Irina ta Hesse, jikanyar [[Philip Mountbatten|Yarima Philip, Duke na Edinburgh]], matar [[Elizabeth II|Sarauniya Elizabeth II]] . Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan'uwanta mata ita ce Countess Maya von Schönburg-Glauchau .  An yi wa Gloria baftisma tun tana jaririya kuma ta girma a cikin addinin Katolika. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;manhattan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=W |title=Gloria Takes Manhattan: Gloria von Thurn und Taxis |url=http://www.wmagazine.com/people/2010/07/princess_gloria_tnt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054536/http://www.wmagazine.com/people/2010/07/princess_gloria_tnt/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=12 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yarantaka da samartaka ==
Lokacin da take ƙarama, Gloria da iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Afirka, suna zaune a [[Togo]] da [[Somaliya|Somalia]], inda mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin marubuciya da kuma ɗan jarida.  Duk da cewa sun fito ne daga zuriyar manyan Jamusawa, iyalinta ba su da wadata sosai sakamakon Kwaminisanci a Jamus da [[Hungarian People's Republics|Hungary]] . &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;telegraph&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Anna |date=21 September 2014 |title=Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: whatever became of the 'punk princess'? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-business/11098958/Gloria-von-Thurn-und-Taxis-whatever-became-of-the-punk-princess.html |via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1945, gwamnatin Soviet ta Saxony ta kwace gidajen kakannin iyalinta, gidajen sarauta na Wechselburg, Hinterglauchau, Forderglauchau, Rochsburg, Alt-Penig, da Neu-Penig . Ta koma Yammacin Jamus tare da iyalinta a shekarar 1970 kuma ta yi rajista a Konrad-Adenauer-Gymnasium da ke Meckenheim, daga baya ta yi karatu a Kloster Wald, wata makarantar kwana ta 'yan mata a wani gidan ibada na Benedictine. Tun tana ƙarama ta yi aiki a matsayin mai hidima a wani wurin shakatawa na kankara a St Moritz, Switzerland.

== Aure da batun ==
A shekarar 1979, tana da shekaru 19, Gloria ta haɗu da Johannes, Yariman gado na Thurn da Taxis, mai shekaru 53, a wani cin abincin rana da ya shirya a Nürnberger Bratwurst Glöckl da ke [[München|Munich]] . Ta fara dangantaka da shi jim kaɗan bayan haka kuma suka yi aure a ranar 31 ga Mayu 1980 a wani bikin Katolika a Regensburg, Bavaria . A lokacin aurensu, an kiyasta cewa darajar Johannes ta kai tsakanin dala biliyan 2 zuwa 3.   Gloria da mijinta 'yan uwan juna ne na huɗu da aka raba sau biyu, dukkansu zuriyar Karl Alexander, Yarima na 5 na Thurn da Taxis . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Johannes 11.Fürst von Thurn und Taxis |url=https://www.genealogics.org/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=I00011210&amp;savedpersonID=I00009188&amp;secondpersonID=I00011211&amp;maxrels=1&amp;disallowspouses=1&amp;generations=8&amp;tree=LEO&amp;primarypersonID=I00011210 |website=www.genealogics.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan aurensu, Gloria ta zama Gimbiya ta Gado ta Thurn da Taxis . Lokacin da surukinta, Karl August, Yarima na 10 na Thurn da Taxis, ya mutu a shekarar 1982, mijinta ya zama Yarima na 11 na Thurn da Taxis. &lt;ref name=&quot;willis2&quot;&gt;Willis, Daniel. The Descendants of King George I of Great Britain. Clearfield, 2002, Baltimore, US. p. 516. {{ISBN|0-8063-5172-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  

Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya uku: 

* Gimbiya Maria Theresia Ludowika Klothilde Helene Alexandra, an haife ta a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 1980 a Regensburg . A ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2014, ta auri Hugo Wilson, wani mai zane ɗan Birtaniya, a Tutzing, Jamus. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=d'Elora |first=Camille |date=31 January 1995 |title=Point de Vue |work=Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: La Mal Aimée |page=5 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Johannes 11.Fürst von Thurn und Taxis |url=https://www.genealogics.org/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=I00011210&amp;savedpersonID=I00009188&amp;secondpersonID=I00011211&amp;maxrels=1&amp;disallowspouses=1&amp;generations=8&amp;tree=LEO&amp;primarypersonID=I00011210 |website=www.genealogics.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
* An haifi Gimbiya Elisabeth Margarete Maria Anna Beatrix a ranar 24 ga Maris, 1982 a Regensburg.
* An haifi Yarima Albert Maria Lamoral Miguel Johannes Gabriel a ranar 24 ga Yuni 1983 a Regensburg, wanda ya gaji mahaifinsa a shekarar 1990 a matsayin babban magajin shari'a kuma shugaban tsohuwar gidan sarautar Jamus ta Thurn und Taxis bisa ga dokokin gargajiya na kwamitin harkokin shari'a na [[:de:Deutscher Adelsrechtsausschuß|Ƙungiyar Manyan Jamus]] .

== Rayuwa daga baya ==
[[Fayil:Festspiele_Bayreuth,_Kanzlerin_Angela_Merkel,_Joachim_Sauer,_Gerwin_Spalink_und_Fürstin_Gloria_von_Thurn_und_Taxis.jpg|thumb|205x205px|Gimbiya Gloria tare da Shugabar Gwamnatin Jamus [[Angela Merkel]] a shekarar 2015]]
An san Gloria da mijinta da salon rayuwarsu mai tsada, inda suka zama fitattun mutane a zamantakewa da kuma salon kwalliya a shekarun 1980. Ta zama wani ɓangare na jerin jiragen ruwa na Turai kuma an yi mata lakabi da &quot;gimbiya punk &quot; da &quot;gimbiya TNT &quot;. 

Lokacin da mijinta ya mutu a shekarar 1990, Gloria ta rage mata biyan bashin da ke kanta, wanda ya kai dala miliyan 500.  Ɗanta, Albert, ya zama Yarima na 12 na Thurn and Taxis bayan mutuwar Johannes. Ta yi aiki a matsayin amintaccen Albert, inda ta karɓi ragamar kula da kadarorin iyali, Saint Emmeram's Abbey .

Ta shiga keɓewa daga al'umma, ta yi karatun kuɗi, lissafin kuɗi, da kuma kula da gidaje, sannan ta sayar da kadarorin iyali, ciki har da zane-zane, kayan ado, gidajen sarauta, motoci, da filaye don kiyaye dukiyar iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=d'Elora |first=Camille |date=31 January 1995 |title=Point de Vue |work=Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: La Mal Aimée |page=5 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;  A wannan lokacin ta yi aikin hajji na ruhaniya zuwa Wuri Mai Tsarki na Uwargidanmu ta Lourdes da ke Lourdes, Faransa, inda ta fito a matsayin mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin Katolika na Roman.  &lt;ref name=&quot;manhattan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=W |title=Gloria Takes Manhattan: Gloria von Thurn und Taxis |url=http://www.wmagazine.com/people/2010/07/princess_gloria_tnt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054536/http://www.wmagazine.com/people/2010/07/princess_gloria_tnt/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=12 October 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMagazine&quot;&gt;Magazine, W. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054536/http://www.wmagazine.com/people/2010/07/princess_gloria_tnt/ &quot;Gloria Takes Manhattan: Gloria von Thurn und Taxis&quot;]. Archived from [http://www.wmagazine.com/people/2010/07/princess_gloria_tnt/ the original] on 4 March 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;12 October&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan an gano cewa 'yar uwarta, Maya, tana da cutar kansar huhu a shekarar 2012, Gloria ta raka ta zuwa aikin hajji zuwa Lourdes da kuma babban cocin Santiago de Compostela da ke Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=d'Elora |first=Camille |date=31 January 1995 |title=Point de Vue |work=Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: La Mal Aimée |page=5 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gloria ta zama mai fasaha mai nasara, tana mai da hankali kan fenti mai da hotunan pastel. Otal ɗin Chelsea ya nemi ta yi jerin zane-zanen pastel na shahararrun mutanenta - wani wasan kwaikwayo na gallery wanda ya jawo mata yabo sosai a matsayin mai zane. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=d'Elora |first=Camille |date=31 January 1995 |title=Point de Vue |work=Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: La Mal Aimée |page=5 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;telegraph&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Anna |date=21 September 2014 |title=Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: whatever became of the 'punk princess'? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-business/11098958/Gloria-von-Thurn-und-Taxis-whatever-became-of-the-punk-princess.html |via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMurphy2014&quot;&gt;Murphy, Anna (21 September 2014). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-business/11098958/Gloria-von-Thurn-und-Taxis-whatever-became-of-the-punk-princess.html &quot;Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: whatever became of the 'punk princess'?&quot;] &amp;#x2013; via www.telegraph.co.uk.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Johannes 11.Fürst von Thurn und Taxis |url=https://www.genealogics.org/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=I00011210&amp;savedpersonID=I00009188&amp;secondpersonID=I00011211&amp;maxrels=1&amp;disallowspouses=1&amp;generations=8&amp;tree=LEO&amp;primarypersonID=I00011210 |website=www.genealogics.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;In 1919 royalty and nobility were mandated to lose their privileges in Germany, hereditary titles were to be legally borne thereafter only as part of the surname, according to [http://www.zum.de/psm/weimar/weimar_vve.php#First_Chapter_:_The_Individual Article 109] of the [[Weimar Constitution]]. Styles such as ''majesty'' and ''highness'' [http://www.bmi.bund.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/150142/publicationFile/35310/Anschriften.pdf were not retained.] {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kira kanta &quot;mai son zane&quot; kuma ta ambaci tarin zane-zanenta a matsayin abin wahayi ga salon zane-zanenta. &lt;ref name=&quot;larrys&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Why a Princess-Collector Turned into a Painter |url=http://www.larryslist.com/artmarket/the-talks/why-a-princess-collector-turned-into-a-painter}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2015 ta yi wani wasan kwaikwayo na kaɗaici a National Exemplar Gallery da ke New York. Tana kuma yin zane-zanen 'yan kasuwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;larrys&quot; /&gt;

Gloria, wacce take da imani da Katolika, tana aiki kafada da kafada da shugabannin Katolika na gargajiya masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, ciki har da Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò, Cardinal Raymond Burke, Monsignor Wilhelm Imkamp, da Steve Bannon . Bannon ta ba da shawarar gidanta mai girma, Schloss Thurn und Taxis, a matsayin wurin da za a iya gina makaranta don ilmantarwa da horar da Katolika na bangaren dama, amma ba a yi wani shiri mai karfi ba.

Gimbiya Gloria ƙawar [[Hillary Clinton]] ce ta musamman, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin mata goma sha biyu da suka halarci bikin zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 2016. 

== Takaddama ==

=== Sharhi kan cutar AIDS da Afirka ===
A shekara ta 2001, Gloria ta tayar da hankali sosai bayan ta yi kalaman batanci a talabijin na Jamus. Ta yi ikirarin cewa [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] ta yaɗu a [[Afirka]] saboda &quot;baƙar fata suna son yin jima'i da [ ''schnackseln'' ] sosai.&quot; Waɗannan maganganun sun fuskanci suka sosai, kuma ta bayyana irin wannan ra'ayi a shekara ta 2008, inda ta danganta halayen jima'i a Afirka da yanayin zafi na nahiyar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=d'Elora |first=Camille |date=31 January 1995 |title=Point de Vue |work=Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: La Mal Aimée |page=5 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Johannes 11.Fürst von Thurn und Taxis |url=https://www.genealogics.org/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=I00011210&amp;savedpersonID=I00009188&amp;secondpersonID=I00011211&amp;maxrels=1&amp;disallowspouses=1&amp;generations=8&amp;tree=LEO&amp;primarypersonID=I00011210 |website=www.genealogics.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Alaƙa da ƴan wasan gefe na dama ===
Gloria ta ƙulla alaƙa da wasu mutane na dama da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, kamar tsohon mai ba [[Donald Trump]] shawara Steve Bannon da Cardinal Raymond Burke, inda ta sanya kanta a cikin ƙungiyoyin Katolika masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Waɗannan ƙawancen siyasa sun haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce, wanda ya haifar da soke wani baje kolin ayyukanta a bikin cika shekaru 50 na El Museo del Barrio a Manhattan a 2019. A shekarar 2024, ta gabatar da jawabi a taron National Conservatism Conference da aka yi a Brussels, inda ta yi fafutukar kare ƙa'idodin Katolika na gargajiya kuma ta soki matsayin addini na [[Francis (fafaroma)|Paparoma Francis]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=d'Elora |first=Camille |date=31 January 1995 |title=Point de Vue |work=Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: La Mal Aimée |page=5 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Johannes 11.Fürst von Thurn und Taxis |url=https://www.genealogics.org/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=I00011210&amp;savedpersonID=I00009188&amp;secondpersonID=I00011211&amp;maxrels=1&amp;disallowspouses=1&amp;generations=8&amp;tree=LEO&amp;primarypersonID=I00011210 |website=www.genealogics.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Yulin 2025, ta bayyana [[zubar da ciki]] a matsayin &quot; [[Kashe jarirai|kisan jarirai]] &quot; a wata hira da ta yi da mai watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a na dama NiUS. &lt;ref&gt;In 1919 royalty and nobility were mandated to lose their privileges in Germany, hereditary titles were to be legally borne thereafter only as part of the surname, according to [http://www.zum.de/psm/weimar/weimar_vve.php#First_Chapter_:_The_Individual Article 109] of the [[Weimar Constitution]]. Styles such as ''majesty'' and ''highness'' [http://www.bmi.bund.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/150142/publicationFile/35310/Anschriften.pdf were not retained.] {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daraja ==
Bisa ga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Weimar na 1919, dokar Jamus ta amince da sunayen gado ne kawai a matsayin wani ɓangare na sunayen mahaifi. Membobin dangin Thurn da Taxis sun haɗa da sunayen a matsayin wani ɓangare na sunan mahaifi a cikin nau'in Prinz/essin von Thurn und Taxis .

=== Tsarkakakken Daular ===

* [[Fayil:Friedrich_Order.png|60x60px]] Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Perfect Friendship ( Gidan Thurn da Taxi )
* [[Fayil:Ordre_de_la_Croix_étoilée_autro-hongrois.jpg|60x60px]] Dame Aji na 1 na Order of the Starry Cross &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=d'Elora |first=Camille |date=31 January 1995 |title=Point de Vue |work=Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: La Mal Aimée |page=5 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; ( Iyalin Masarautar Austria da Sarauta )

=== Ƙasa ===

* [[Fayil:GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_3_BVK_1Kl.svg|60x60px]] Jami'in da ya yi fice a fannin girmamawa a Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus ( [[Jamus]] ) 
** [[Fayil:DE-BY_Der_Bayerische_Verdienstorden_BAR.png|60x60px]] Wanda ya karɓi kyautar Bavarian Order of Merit ( Bavaria ) 

=== Ƙasashen Waje ===

* [[Fayil:GC.OrdineS.GregorioMagno.png|60x60px]] Kwamandan Dame tare da Tauraron Order of St. Gregory the Great  ( Holy See )
* [[Fayil:SMOM-gcs.svg|60x60px]] Babban Giciyen Girmamawa da Ibada na Dames na Soja Order of Malta  ( Sojojin Malta )

== Manyan ayyukan da aka buga ==

* ''Unsere Umgangsformen. Die Welt der guten Sitten von AZ'' - tare da Gimbiya Alessandra Borghese - (2000). &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=d'Elora |first=Camille |date=31 January 1995 |title=Point de Vue |work=Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: La Mal Aimée |page=5 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Gloria: Die Fürstin - Im Gespräch mit Peter Seewald'' (2005). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Johannes 11.Fürst von Thurn und Taxis |url=https://www.genealogics.org/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=I00011210&amp;savedpersonID=I00009188&amp;secondpersonID=I00011211&amp;maxrels=1&amp;disallowspouses=1&amp;generations=8&amp;tree=LEO&amp;primarypersonID=I00011210 |website=www.genealogics.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9783453380004|&lt;bdi&gt;9783453380004&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
* ''Die Fürstin und der Kardinal'' - tare da Cardinal Joachim Meisner - (2008). &lt;ref&gt;In 1919 royalty and nobility were mandated to lose their privileges in Germany, hereditary titles were to be legally borne thereafter only as part of the surname, according to [http://www.zum.de/psm/weimar/weimar_vve.php#First_Chapter_:_The_Individual Article 109] of the [[Weimar Constitution]]. Styles such as ''majesty'' and ''highness'' [http://www.bmi.bund.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/150142/publicationFile/35310/Anschriften.pdf were not retained.] {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9783451298714|&lt;bdi&gt;9783451298714&lt;/bdi&gt;]]

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Gloria, Gimbiya Dowager ta Thurn da Taxis''' ( ''Mariae Gloria Ferdinanda Joicana Josephine Wilhelmine Huberta'' ; an haife ta a '''matsayin Countess Gloria von Schönburg-Glauchau''', 23 ga Fabrairu 1960) 'yar asalin Jamus ce, ƴar kasuwa, mai fafutukar Katolika, mai tattara zane-zane, kuma mai zane. Bayan mutuwar mijinta, Johannes, Yarima na 11 na Thurn da Taxis, ta karɓi ragamar kula da Schloss St. Emmeram da kuma harkokin kasuwancin House of Thurn da Taxis . Ta kuma kasance mai fafutukar kare addinin Katolika na gargajiya, musamman ci gaba da ibadar Tridentine .

== Rayuwar farko da iyali ==
An haifi Gloria Gräfin von Schönburg-Glauchau a ranar 23 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1960 a [[Stuttgart]], Baden-Württemberg, [[Yammacin Jamus]] . Mahaifinta, Joachim, Count of Schönburg-Glauchau, shi ne shugaban reshen Glauchau na gidan sarauta na Jamus na Schönburg, wata daular da aka kafa a tsohuwar [[Daular Roma Mai Tsarki|Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki]] .  Mahaifiyarta, Countess Beatrix Széchenyi de Sárvár-Felsővidék, memba ce ta dangin Széchenyi kuma zuriyar Count István Széchenyi . Iyayenta sun rabu a shekarar 1986 kuma mahaifinta ya auri Ursula Zwicker. Gloria tana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya biyar daga auren mahaifinta biyu. Tana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu, Carl-Alban Count von Schönburg-Glauchau (an haife ta a shekarar 1966), tsohon shugaban iyali, wanda ya yi watsi da haƙƙinsa bayan aurensa da Juliet Helene Beechy-Fowler, 'yar Nicholas Beechy-Fowler da Countess Jutta von [[:de:Pfeil (Adelsgeschlecht)|Pfeil und Klein-Ellguth]] ; da kuma Alexander, Count of Schönburg-Glauchau, marubuci kuma shugabar reshen gidan Schönburg-Glauchau, wacce ta auri Gimbiya Irina ta Hesse, jikanyar [[Philip Mountbatten|Yarima Philip, Duke na Edinburgh]], matar [[Elizabeth II|Sarauniya Elizabeth II]] . Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan'uwanta mata ita ce Countess Maya von Schönburg-Glauchau .  An yi wa Gloria baftisma tun tana jaririya kuma ta girma a cikin addinin Katolika. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;manhattan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=W |title=Gloria Takes Manhattan: Gloria von Thurn und Taxis |url=http://www.wmagazine.com/people/2010/07/princess_gloria_tnt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054536/http://www.wmagazine.com/people/2010/07/princess_gloria_tnt/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=12 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yarantaka da samartaka ==
Lokacin da take ƙarama, Gloria da iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Afirka, suna zaune a [[Togo]] da [[Somaliya|Somalia]], inda mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin marubuciya da kuma ɗan jarida.  Duk da cewa sun fito ne daga zuriyar manyan Jamusawa, iyalinta ba su da wadata sosai sakamakon Kwaminisanci a Jamus da [[Hungarian People's Republics|Hungary]] . &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;telegraph&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Anna |date=21 September 2014 |title=Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: whatever became of the 'punk princess'? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-business/11098958/Gloria-von-Thurn-und-Taxis-whatever-became-of-the-punk-princess.html |via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1945, gwamnatin Soviet ta Saxony ta kwace gidajen kakannin iyalinta, gidajen sarauta na Wechselburg, Hinterglauchau, Forderglauchau, Rochsburg, Alt-Penig, da Neu-Penig . Ta koma Yammacin Jamus tare da iyalinta a shekarar 1970 kuma ta yi rajista a Konrad-Adenauer-Gymnasium da ke Meckenheim, daga baya ta yi karatu a Kloster Wald, wata makarantar kwana ta 'yan mata a wani gidan ibada na Benedictine. Tun tana ƙarama ta yi aiki a matsayin mai hidima a wani wurin shakatawa na kankara a St Moritz, Switzerland.

== Aure da batun ==
A shekarar 1979, tana da shekaru 19, Gloria ta haɗu da Johannes, Yariman gado na Thurn da Taxis, mai shekaru 53, a wani cin abincin rana da ya shirya a Nürnberger Bratwurst Glöckl da ke [[München|Munich]] . Ta fara dangantaka da shi jim kaɗan bayan haka kuma suka yi aure a ranar 31 ga Mayu 1980 a wani bikin Katolika a Regensburg, Bavaria . A lokacin aurensu, an kiyasta cewa darajar Johannes ta kai tsakanin dala biliyan 2 zuwa 3.   Gloria da mijinta 'yan uwan juna ne na huɗu da aka raba sau biyu, dukkansu zuriyar Karl Alexander, Yarima na 5 na Thurn da Taxis . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Johannes 11.Fürst von Thurn und Taxis |url=https://www.genealogics.org/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=I00011210&amp;savedpersonID=I00009188&amp;secondpersonID=I00011211&amp;maxrels=1&amp;disallowspouses=1&amp;generations=8&amp;tree=LEO&amp;primarypersonID=I00011210 |website=www.genealogics.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan aurensu, Gloria ta zama Gimbiya ta Gado ta Thurn da Taxis . Lokacin da surukinta, Karl August, Yarima na 10 na Thurn da Taxis, ya mutu a shekarar 1982, mijinta ya zama Yarima na 11 na Thurn da Taxis. &lt;ref name=&quot;willis2&quot;&gt;Willis, Daniel. The Descendants of King George I of Great Britain. Clearfield, 2002, Baltimore, US. p. 516. {{ISBN|0-8063-5172-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  

Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya uku: 

* Gimbiya Maria Theresia Ludowika Klothilde Helene Alexandra, an haife ta a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 1980 a Regensburg . A ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2014, ta auri Hugo Wilson, wani mai zane ɗan Birtaniya, a Tutzing, Jamus. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=d'Elora |first=Camille |date=31 January 1995 |title=Point de Vue |work=Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: La Mal Aimée |page=5 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Johannes 11.Fürst von Thurn und Taxis |url=https://www.genealogics.org/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=I00011210&amp;savedpersonID=I00009188&amp;secondpersonID=I00011211&amp;maxrels=1&amp;disallowspouses=1&amp;generations=8&amp;tree=LEO&amp;primarypersonID=I00011210 |website=www.genealogics.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
* An haifi Gimbiya Elisabeth Margarete Maria Anna Beatrix a ranar 24 ga Maris, 1982 a Regensburg.
* An haifi Yarima Albert Maria Lamoral Miguel Johannes Gabriel a ranar 24 ga Yuni 1983 a Regensburg, wanda ya gaji mahaifinsa a shekarar 1990 a matsayin babban magajin shari'a kuma shugaban tsohuwar gidan sarautar Jamus ta Thurn und Taxis bisa ga dokokin gargajiya na kwamitin harkokin shari'a na [[:de:Deutscher Adelsrechtsausschuß|Ƙungiyar Manyan Jamus]] .

== Rayuwa daga baya ==
[[Fayil:Festspiele_Bayreuth,_Kanzlerin_Angela_Merkel,_Joachim_Sauer,_Gerwin_Spalink_und_Fürstin_Gloria_von_Thurn_und_Taxis.jpg|thumb|205x205px|Gimbiya Gloria tare da Shugabar Gwamnatin Jamus [[Angela Merkel]] a shekarar 2015]]
An san Gloria da mijinta da salon rayuwarsu mai tsada, inda suka zama fitattun mutane a zamantakewa da kuma salon kwalliya a shekarun 1980. Ta zama wani ɓangare na jerin jiragen ruwa na Turai kuma an yi mata lakabi da &quot;gimbiya punk &quot; da &quot;gimbiya TNT &quot;. 

Lokacin da mijinta ya mutu a shekarar 1990, Gloria ta rage mata biyan bashin da ke kanta, wanda ya kai dala miliyan 500.  Ɗanta, Albert, ya zama Yarima na 12 na Thurn and Taxis bayan mutuwar Johannes. Ta yi aiki a matsayin amintaccen Albert, inda ta karɓi ragamar kula da kadarorin iyali, Saint Emmeram's Abbey .

Ta shiga keɓewa daga al'umma, ta yi karatun kuɗi, lissafin kuɗi, da kuma kula da gidaje, sannan ta sayar da kadarorin iyali, ciki har da zane-zane, kayan ado, gidajen sarauta, motoci, da filaye don kiyaye dukiyar iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=d'Elora |first=Camille |date=31 January 1995 |title=Point de Vue |work=Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: La Mal Aimée |page=5 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;  A wannan lokacin ta yi aikin hajji na ruhaniya zuwa Wuri Mai Tsarki na Uwargidanmu ta Lourdes da ke Lourdes, Faransa, inda ta fito a matsayin mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin Katolika na Roman.  &lt;ref name=&quot;manhattan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=W |title=Gloria Takes Manhattan: Gloria von Thurn und Taxis |url=http://www.wmagazine.com/people/2010/07/princess_gloria_tnt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054536/http://www.wmagazine.com/people/2010/07/princess_gloria_tnt/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=12 October 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMagazine&quot;&gt;Magazine, W. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054536/http://www.wmagazine.com/people/2010/07/princess_gloria_tnt/ &quot;Gloria Takes Manhattan: Gloria von Thurn und Taxis&quot;]. Archived from [http://www.wmagazine.com/people/2010/07/princess_gloria_tnt/ the original] on 4 March 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;12 October&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan an gano cewa 'yar uwarta, Maya, tana da cutar kansar huhu a shekarar 2012, Gloria ta raka ta zuwa aikin hajji zuwa Lourdes da kuma babban cocin Santiago de Compostela da ke Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=d'Elora |first=Camille |date=31 January 1995 |title=Point de Vue |work=Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: La Mal Aimée |page=5 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gloria ta zama mai fasaha mai nasara, tana mai da hankali kan fenti mai da hotunan pastel. Otal ɗin Chelsea ya nemi ta yi jerin zane-zanen pastel na shahararrun mutanenta - wani wasan kwaikwayo na gallery wanda ya jawo mata yabo sosai a matsayin mai zane. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=d'Elora |first=Camille |date=31 January 1995 |title=Point de Vue |work=Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: La Mal Aimée |page=5 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;telegraph&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Anna |date=21 September 2014 |title=Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: whatever became of the 'punk princess'? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-business/11098958/Gloria-von-Thurn-und-Taxis-whatever-became-of-the-punk-princess.html |via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMurphy2014&quot;&gt;Murphy, Anna (21 September 2014). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-business/11098958/Gloria-von-Thurn-und-Taxis-whatever-became-of-the-punk-princess.html &quot;Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: whatever became of the 'punk princess'?&quot;] &amp;#x2013; via www.telegraph.co.uk.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Johannes 11.Fürst von Thurn und Taxis |url=https://www.genealogics.org/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=I00011210&amp;savedpersonID=I00009188&amp;secondpersonID=I00011211&amp;maxrels=1&amp;disallowspouses=1&amp;generations=8&amp;tree=LEO&amp;primarypersonID=I00011210 |website=www.genealogics.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;In 1919 royalty and nobility were mandated to lose their privileges in Germany, hereditary titles were to be legally borne thereafter only as part of the surname, according to [http://www.zum.de/psm/weimar/weimar_vve.php#First_Chapter_:_The_Individual Article 109] of the [[Weimar Constitution]]. Styles such as ''majesty'' and ''highness'' [http://www.bmi.bund.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/150142/publicationFile/35310/Anschriften.pdf were not retained.] {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kira kanta &quot;mai son zane&quot; kuma ta ambaci tarin zane-zanenta a matsayin abin wahayi ga salon zane-zanenta. &lt;ref name=&quot;larrys&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Why a Princess-Collector Turned into a Painter |url=http://www.larryslist.com/artmarket/the-talks/why-a-princess-collector-turned-into-a-painter}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2015 ta yi wani wasan kwaikwayo na kaɗaici a National Exemplar Gallery da ke New York. Tana kuma yin zane-zanen 'yan kasuwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;larrys&quot; /&gt;

Gloria, wacce take da imani da Katolika, tana aiki kafada da kafada da shugabannin Katolika na gargajiya masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, ciki har da Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò, Cardinal Raymond Burke, Monsignor Wilhelm Imkamp, da Steve Bannon . Bannon ta ba da shawarar gidanta mai girma, Schloss Thurn und Taxis, a matsayin wurin da za a iya gina makaranta don ilmantarwa da horar da Katolika na bangaren dama, amma ba a yi wani shiri mai karfi ba.

Gimbiya Gloria ƙawar [[Hillary Clinton]] ce ta musamman, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin mata goma sha biyu da suka halarci bikin zagayowar ranar haihuwarta ta 2016. 

== Takaddama ==

=== Sharhi kan cutar AIDS da Afirka ===
A shekara ta 2001, Gloria ta tayar da hankali sosai bayan ta yi kalaman batanci a talabijin na Jamus. Ta yi ikirarin cewa [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] ta yaɗu a [[Afirka]] saboda &quot;baƙar fata suna son yin jima'i da [ ''schnackseln'' ] sosai.&quot; Waɗannan maganganun sun fuskanci suka sosai, kuma ta bayyana irin wannan ra'ayi a shekara ta 2008, inda ta danganta halayen jima'i a Afirka da yanayin zafi na nahiyar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=d'Elora |first=Camille |date=31 January 1995 |title=Point de Vue |work=Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: La Mal Aimée |page=5 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Johannes 11.Fürst von Thurn und Taxis |url=https://www.genealogics.org/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=I00011210&amp;savedpersonID=I00009188&amp;secondpersonID=I00011211&amp;maxrels=1&amp;disallowspouses=1&amp;generations=8&amp;tree=LEO&amp;primarypersonID=I00011210 |website=www.genealogics.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Alaƙa da ƴan wasan gefe na dama ===
Gloria ta ƙulla alaƙa da wasu mutane na dama da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, kamar tsohon mai ba [[Donald Trump]] shawara Steve Bannon da Cardinal Raymond Burke, inda ta sanya kanta a cikin ƙungiyoyin Katolika masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Waɗannan ƙawancen siyasa sun haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce, wanda ya haifar da soke wani baje kolin ayyukanta a bikin cika shekaru 50 na El Museo del Barrio a Manhattan a 2019. A shekarar 2024, ta gabatar da jawabi a taron National Conservatism Conference da aka yi a Brussels, inda ta yi fafutukar kare ƙa'idodin Katolika na gargajiya kuma ta soki matsayin addini na [[Francis (fafaroma)|Paparoma Francis]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=d'Elora |first=Camille |date=31 January 1995 |title=Point de Vue |work=Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: La Mal Aimée |page=5 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Johannes 11.Fürst von Thurn und Taxis |url=https://www.genealogics.org/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=I00011210&amp;savedpersonID=I00009188&amp;secondpersonID=I00011211&amp;maxrels=1&amp;disallowspouses=1&amp;generations=8&amp;tree=LEO&amp;primarypersonID=I00011210 |website=www.genealogics.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Yulin 2025, ta bayyana [[zubar da ciki]] a matsayin &quot; [[Kashe jarirai|kisan jarirai]] &quot; a wata hira da ta yi da mai watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a na dama NiUS. &lt;ref&gt;In 1919 royalty and nobility were mandated to lose their privileges in Germany, hereditary titles were to be legally borne thereafter only as part of the surname, according to [http://www.zum.de/psm/weimar/weimar_vve.php#First_Chapter_:_The_Individual Article 109] of the [[Weimar Constitution]]. Styles such as ''majesty'' and ''highness'' [http://www.bmi.bund.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/150142/publicationFile/35310/Anschriften.pdf were not retained.] {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daraja ==
Bisa ga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Weimar na 1919, dokar Jamus ta amince da sunayen gado ne kawai a matsayin wani ɓangare na sunayen mahaifi. Membobin dangin Thurn da Taxis sun haɗa da sunayen a matsayin wani ɓangare na sunan mahaifi a cikin nau'in Prinz/essin von Thurn und Taxis .

=== Tsarkakakken Daular ===

* [[Fayil:Friedrich_Order.png|60x60px]] Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Perfect Friendship ( Gidan Thurn da Taxi )
* [[Fayil:Ordre_de_la_Croix_étoilée_autro-hongrois.jpg|60x60px]] Dame Aji na 1 na Order of the Starry Cross &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=d'Elora |first=Camille |date=31 January 1995 |title=Point de Vue |work=Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: La Mal Aimée |page=5 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; ( Iyalin Masarautar Austria da Sarauta )

=== Ƙasa ===

* [[Fayil:GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_3_BVK_1Kl.svg|60x60px]] Jami'in da ya yi fice a fannin girmamawa a Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus ( [[Jamus]] ) 
** [[Fayil:DE-BY_Der_Bayerische_Verdienstorden_BAR.png|60x60px]] Wanda ya karɓi kyautar Bavarian Order of Merit ( Bavaria ) 

=== Ƙasashen Waje ===

* [[Fayil:GC.OrdineS.GregorioMagno.png|60x60px]] Kwamandan Dame tare da Tauraron Order of St. Gregory the Great  ( Holy See )
* [[Fayil:SMOM-gcs.svg|60x60px]] Babban Giciyen Girmamawa da Ibada na Dames na Soja Order of Malta  ( Sojojin Malta )

== Manyan ayyukan da aka buga ==

* ''Unsere Umgangsformen. Die Welt der guten Sitten von AZ'' - tare da Gimbiya Alessandra Borghese - (2000). &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=d'Elora |first=Camille |date=31 January 1995 |title=Point de Vue |work=Gloria von Thurn und Taxis: La Mal Aimée |page=5 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Gloria: Die Fürstin - Im Gespräch mit Peter Seewald'' (2005). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Johannes 11.Fürst von Thurn und Taxis |url=https://www.genealogics.org/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=I00011210&amp;savedpersonID=I00009188&amp;secondpersonID=I00011211&amp;maxrels=1&amp;disallowspouses=1&amp;generations=8&amp;tree=LEO&amp;primarypersonID=I00011210 |website=www.genealogics.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9783453380004|&lt;bdi&gt;9783453380004&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
* ''Die Fürstin und der Kardinal'' - tare da Cardinal Joachim Meisner - (2008). &lt;ref&gt;In 1919 royalty and nobility were mandated to lose their privileges in Germany, hereditary titles were to be legally borne thereafter only as part of the surname, according to [http://www.zum.de/psm/weimar/weimar_vve.php#First_Chapter_:_The_Individual Article 109] of the [[Weimar Constitution]]. Styles such as ''majesty'' and ''highness'' [http://www.bmi.bund.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/150142/publicationFile/35310/Anschriften.pdf were not retained.] {{Webarchive}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9783451298714|&lt;bdi&gt;9783451298714&lt;/bdi&gt;]]

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Mal Sandon</title>
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Malcolm John (Mal) Sandon (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Satumba 1945) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne. Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Labor na Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga shekarar 1982 zuwa 1988, yana wakiltar Lardin Chelsea, da kuma Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga 1988 zuwa 1996, yana wakiltar masu jefa kuri'a na Carrum. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Gyara da Ministan 'yan sanda da Ayyukan Gaggawa a gwamnatin Kirner daga 1990 zuwa 1992.

An haifi Sandon a Chelsea, kuma ya yi karatunsa a Chelsea State School da Mordialloc Chelsea High School. Ya yi aiki a ayyukan ofis (clerical) da na aikin hannu daga 1963 zuwa 1969, kafin ya tafi Jami’ar Simon Fraser a Canada domin karatun Bachelor of Arts, inda ya kammala a 1972 kuma ya lashe Robert Standfield Prize a fannin kimiyyar siyasa (political science).

Daga 1973 zuwa 1976, ya kasance dalibi na digiri na gaba (postgraduate) tare da aiki a matsayin malamin wucin gadi (part-time tutor) a sashen ilimin zamantakewa (sociology) a Jami’ar La Trobe. Haka kuma, daga 1974 zuwa 1975, ya yi aiki a matsayin malami (lecturer) a sashen liberal studies a Swinburne Institute of Technology. Daga 1976 har zuwa lokacin da aka zaɓe shi cikin majalisar dokoki a 1982, ya yi aiki a matsayin jami’in masana’antu na tarayya (federal industrial officer) a Municipal Officers Association.

Ya shiga Jam’iyyar Labour (Labor Party) a 1972, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban reshen Aspendale, sannan ya kasance daraktan kamfen na Labour a yankin Isaacs a zaɓen tarayya na 1980. &lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An zabi Sandon a Majalisar Dokoki a Zaben jihar na 1982. Ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Binciken Kwararrun Jama'a (1982-1988), Kwamitin Majalisar (1983-1985), Kwamitin Binkaya na Kwararrun Ma'aikata (1982-1987), da Kwamitin Kimanin Majalisar Dokoki (1986-1988). Ya yi murabus daga Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1988 don yin takara a kujerar Majalisar Dokoki ta Carrum a Zaben jihar na 1988, kuma ya lashe kujerar. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Majalisar Dokoki na Majalisar a karkashin John Cain daga 1989 zuwa 1990, da Ministan Gyara da Ministan 'yan sanda da Ayyukan Gaggawa daga 1990 zuwa 1992 a karkashin Joan Kirner . A cikin Majalisar Dokoki, ya kuma yi aiki a Kwamitin Ci gaban Jama'a (1988-1989) da Kwamitin Rigakafin Laifuka (1992-1994). &lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 &quot;Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John&quot;]. [[Parliament of Victoria]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 the original] on 23 August 2006&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 September&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake zaɓen Sandon da ƙyar a karo na biyu lokacin da gwamnatin Kirner ta sha kaye a zaɓen 1992, amma ya rasa matsayinsa a shadow ministry bayan da bai halarci wani taron ƙungiyarsa ta Labor Unity ba. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake ɗaga shi zuwa cikin shadow ministry a matsayin Shadow Minister for Education (Ministan Ilimi na inuwa).

A zaɓen 1996, ɗan takarar jam’iyyar Liberal, David Lean, ya kayar da Sandon. Wannan ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƴan kaɗan daga jam’iyyar Labor da suka sha kaye a wannan zaɓen, dukama Labor ta samu kujeru da dama daga gwamnatin Kennett ta Liberal. Bayan kayensa, Sandon ya ce ba zai iya bayyana dalilin sakamakon ba, sai dai ya ce “masu zaɓe ba su mayar da martani ga batutuwa irin su keɓance harkoki (privatisation) da batun gidan caca (casino)&lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 &quot;Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John&quot;]. [[Parliament of Victoria]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 the original] on 23 August 2006&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 September&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template &quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;A complete citation is needed. (February 2022)&quot;&gt;full citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Sandon daga baya ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga ministan sufuri na gwamnatin Bracks Peter Batchelor, yana shirya rahoto game da tsaron hanya da wuraren haɗari.

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}{{S-start}}
{{S-par|au-vic-lc}}
{{Succession box|title=Member for [[Chelsea Province]]}}
{{S-par|au-vic-la}}
{{Succession box|title=Member for [[electoral district of Carrum|Carrum]]}}
{{S-end}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]]
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Malcolm John (Mal) Sandon (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Satumba 1945) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne. Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Labor na Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga shekarar 1982 zuwa 1988, yana wakiltar Lardin Chelsea, da kuma Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga 1988 zuwa 1996, yana wakiltar masu jefa kuri'a na Carrum. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Gyara da Ministan 'yan sanda da Ayyukan Gaggawa a gwamnatin Kirner daga 1990 zuwa 1992.

An kuma haifi Sandon a Chelsea, kuma ya yi karatunsa a Chelsea State School da Mordialloc Chelsea High School. Ya yi aiki a ayyukan ofis (clerical) da na aikin hannu daga 1963 zuwa 1969, kafin ya tafi Jami’ar Simon Fraser a Canada domin karatun Bachelor of Arts, inda ya kammala a 1972 kuma ya lashe Robert Standfield Prize a fannin kimiyyar siyasa (political science).

Daga 1973 zuwa 1976, ya kasance dalibi na digiri na gaba (postgraduate) tare da aiki a matsayin malamin wucin gadi (part-time tutor) a sashen ilimin zamantakewa (sociology) a Jami’ar La Trobe. Haka kuma, daga 1974 zuwa 1975, ya yi aiki a matsayin malami (lecturer) a sashen liberal studies a Swinburne Institute of Technology. Daga 1976 har zuwa lokacin da aka zaɓe shi cikin majalisar dokoki a 1982, ya yi aiki a matsayin jami’in masana’antu na tarayya (federal industrial officer) a Municipal Officers Association.

Ya shiga Jam’iyyar Labour (Labor Party) a 1972, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban reshen Aspendale, sannan ya kasance daraktan kamfen na Labour a yankin Isaacs a zaɓen tarayya na 1980. &lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An zabi Sandon a Majalisar Dokoki a Zaben jihar na 1982. Ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Binciken Kwararrun Jama'a (1982-1988), Kwamitin Majalisar (1983-1985), Kwamitin Binkaya na Kwararrun Ma'aikata (1982-1987), da Kwamitin Kimanin Majalisar Dokoki (1986-1988). Ya yi murabus daga Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1988 don yin takara a kujerar Majalisar Dokoki ta Carrum a Zaben jihar na 1988, kuma ya lashe kujerar. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Majalisar Dokoki na Majalisar a karkashin John Cain daga 1989 zuwa 1990, da Ministan Gyara da Ministan 'yan sanda da Ayyukan Gaggawa daga 1990 zuwa 1992 a karkashin Joan Kirner . A cikin Majalisar Dokoki, ya kuma yi aiki a Kwamitin Ci gaban Jama'a (1988-1989) da Kwamitin Rigakafin Laifuka (1992-1994). &lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 &quot;Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John&quot;]. [[Parliament of Victoria]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 the original] on 23 August 2006&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 September&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake zaɓen Sandon da ƙyar a karo na biyu lokacin da gwamnatin Kirner ta sha kaye a zaɓen 1992, amma ya rasa matsayinsa a shadow ministry bayan da bai halarci wani taron ƙungiyarsa ta Labor Unity ba. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake ɗaga shi zuwa cikin shadow ministry a matsayin Shadow Minister for Education (Ministan Ilimi na inuwa).

A zaɓen 1996, ɗan takarar jam’iyyar Liberal, David Lean, ya kayar da Sandon. Wannan ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƴan kaɗan daga jam’iyyar Labor da suka sha kaye a wannan zaɓen, dukama Labor ta samu kujeru da dama daga gwamnatin Kennett ta Liberal. Bayan kayensa, Sandon ya ce ba zai iya bayyana dalilin sakamakon ba, sai dai ya ce “masu zaɓe ba su mayar da martani ga batutuwa irin su keɓance harkoki (privatisation) da batun gidan caca (casino)&lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 &quot;Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John&quot;]. [[Parliament of Victoria]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 the original] on 23 August 2006&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 September&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template &quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;A complete citation is needed. (February 2022)&quot;&gt;full citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Sandon daga baya ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga ministan sufuri na gwamnatin Bracks Peter Batchelor, yana shirya rahoto game da tsaron hanya da wuraren haɗari.

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}{{S-start}}
{{S-par|au-vic-lc}}
{{Succession box|title=Member for [[Chelsea Province]]}}
{{S-par|au-vic-la}}
{{Succession box|title=Member for [[electoral district of Carrum|Carrum]]}}
{{S-end}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5823" sha1="p06ivxgb73f8ko2xecj16t5l23vedla" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
Malcolm John (Mal) Sandon (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Satumba 1945) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne. Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Labor na Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga shekarar 1982 zuwa 1988, yana wakiltar Lardin Chelsea, da kuma Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga 1988 zuwa 1996, yana wakiltar masu jefa kuri'a na Carrum. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Gyara da Ministan 'yan sanda da Ayyukan Gaggawa a gwamnatin Kirner daga 1990 zuwa 1992.

An kuma haifi Sandon a Chelsea, kuma ya yi karatunsa a Chelsea State School da Mordialloc Chelsea High School. Ya yi aiki a ayyukan ofis (clerical) da na aikin hannu daga 1963 zuwa 1969, kafin ya tafi Jami’ar Simon Fraser a Canada domin karatun Bachelor of Arts, inda ya kammala a 1972 kuma ya lashe Robert Standfield Prize a fannin kimiyyar siyasa (political science).

Daga shekarar 1973 zuwa 1976, ya kasance dalibi na digiri na gaba (postgraduate) tare da aiki a matsayin malamin wucin gadi (part-time tutor) a sashen ilimin zamantakewa (sociology) a Jami’ar La Trobe. Haka kuma, daga 1974 zuwa 1975, ya yi aiki a matsayin malami (lecturer) a sashen liberal studies a Swinburne Institute of Technology. Daga 1976 har zuwa lokacin da aka zaɓe shi cikin majalisar dokoki a 1982, ya yi aiki a matsayin jami’in masana’antu na tarayya (federal industrial officer) a Municipal Officers Association.

Ya shiga Jam’iyyar Labour (Labor Party) a 1972, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban reshen Aspendale, sannan ya kasance daraktan kamfen na Labour a yankin Isaacs a zaɓen tarayya na 1980. &lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An zabi Sandon a Majalisar Dokoki a Zaben jihar na 1982. Ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Binciken Kwararrun Jama'a (1982-1988), Kwamitin Majalisar (1983-1985), Kwamitin Binkaya na Kwararrun Ma'aikata (1982-1987), da Kwamitin Kimanin Majalisar Dokoki (1986-1988). Ya yi murabus daga Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1988 don yin takara a kujerar Majalisar Dokoki ta Carrum a Zaben jihar na 1988, kuma ya lashe kujerar. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Majalisar Dokoki na Majalisar a karkashin John Cain daga 1989 zuwa 1990, da Ministan Gyara da Ministan 'yan sanda da Ayyukan Gaggawa daga 1990 zuwa 1992 a karkashin Joan Kirner . A cikin Majalisar Dokoki, ya kuma yi aiki a Kwamitin Ci gaban Jama'a (1988-1989) da Kwamitin Rigakafin Laifuka (1992-1994). &lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 &quot;Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John&quot;]. [[Parliament of Victoria]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 the original] on 23 August 2006&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 September&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake zaɓen Sandon da ƙyar a karo na biyu lokacin da gwamnatin Kirner ta sha kaye a zaɓen 1992, amma ya rasa matsayinsa a shadow ministry bayan da bai halarci wani taron ƙungiyarsa ta Labor Unity ba. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake ɗaga shi zuwa cikin shadow ministry a matsayin Shadow Minister for Education (Ministan Ilimi na inuwa).

A zaɓen 1996, ɗan takarar jam’iyyar Liberal, David Lean, ya kayar da Sandon. Wannan ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƴan kaɗan daga jam’iyyar Labor da suka sha kaye a wannan zaɓen, dukama Labor ta samu kujeru da dama daga gwamnatin Kennett ta Liberal. Bayan kayensa, Sandon ya ce ba zai iya bayyana dalilin sakamakon ba, sai dai ya ce “masu zaɓe ba su mayar da martani ga batutuwa irin su keɓance harkoki (privatisation) da batun gidan caca (casino)&lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 &quot;Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John&quot;]. [[Parliament of Victoria]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 the original] on 23 August 2006&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 September&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template &quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;A complete citation is needed. (February 2022)&quot;&gt;full citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Sandon daga baya ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga ministan sufuri na gwamnatin Bracks Peter Batchelor, yana shirya rahoto game da tsaron hanya da wuraren haɗari.

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}{{S-start}}
{{S-par|au-vic-lc}}
{{Succession box|title=Member for [[Chelsea Province]]}}
{{S-par|au-vic-la}}
{{Succession box|title=Member for [[electoral district of Carrum|Carrum]]}}
{{S-end}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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Malcolm John (Mal) Sandon (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Satumba 1945) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne. Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Labor na Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga shekarar 1982 zuwa 1988, yana wakiltar Lardin Chelsea, da kuma Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga 1988 zuwa 1996, yana wakiltar masu jefa kuri'a na Carrum. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Gyara da Ministan 'yan sanda da Ayyukan Gaggawa a gwamnatin Kirner daga 1990 zuwa 1992.

An kuma haifi Sandon a Chelsea, kuma ya yi karatunsa a Chelsea State School da Mordialloc Chelsea High School. Ya yi aiki a ayyukan ofis (clerical) da na aikin hannu daga 1963 zuwa 1969, kafin ya tafi Jami’ar Simon Fraser a Canada domin karatun Bachelor of Arts, inda ya kammala a 1972 kuma ya lashe Robert Standfield Prize a fannin kimiyyar siyasa (political science).

Daga shekarar 1973 zuwa 1976, ya kasance dalibi na digiri na gaba (postgraduate) tare da aiki a matsayin malamin wucin gadi (part-time tutor) a sashen ilimin zamantakewa (sociology) a Jami’ar La Trobe. Haka kuma, daga 1974 zuwa 1975, ya yi aiki a matsayin malami (lecturer) a sashen liberal studies a Swinburne Institute of Technology. Daga 1976 har zuwa lokacin da aka zaɓe shi cikin majalisar dokoki a shekara ta 1982, ya yi aiki a matsayin jami’in masana’antu na tarayya (federal industrial officer) a Municipal Officers Association.

Ya shiga Jam’iyyar Labour (Labor Party) a 1972, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban reshen Aspendale, sannan ya kasance daraktan kamfen na Labour a yankin Isaacs a zaɓen tarayya na 1980. &lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An zabi Sandon a Majalisar Dokoki a Zaben jihar na 1982. Ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Binciken Kwararrun Jama'a (1982-1988), Kwamitin Majalisar (1983-1985), Kwamitin Binkaya na Kwararrun Ma'aikata (1982-1987), da Kwamitin Kimanin Majalisar Dokoki (1986-1988). Ya yi murabus daga Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1988 don yin takara a kujerar Majalisar Dokoki ta Carrum a Zaben jihar na 1988, kuma ya lashe kujerar. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Majalisar Dokoki na Majalisar a karkashin John Cain daga 1989 zuwa 1990, da Ministan Gyara da Ministan 'yan sanda da Ayyukan Gaggawa daga 1990 zuwa 1992 a karkashin Joan Kirner . A cikin Majalisar Dokoki, ya kuma yi aiki a Kwamitin Ci gaban Jama'a (1988-1989) da Kwamitin Rigakafin Laifuka (1992-1994). &lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 &quot;Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John&quot;]. [[Parliament of Victoria]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 the original] on 23 August 2006&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 September&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake zaɓen Sandon da ƙyar a karo na biyu lokacin da gwamnatin Kirner ta sha kaye a zaɓen 1992, amma ya rasa matsayinsa a shadow ministry bayan da bai halarci wani taron ƙungiyarsa ta Labor Unity ba. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake ɗaga shi zuwa cikin shadow ministry a matsayin Shadow Minister for Education (Ministan Ilimi na inuwa).

A zaɓen 1996, ɗan takarar jam’iyyar Liberal, David Lean, ya kayar da Sandon. Wannan ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƴan kaɗan daga jam’iyyar Labor da suka sha kaye a wannan zaɓen, dukama Labor ta samu kujeru da dama daga gwamnatin Kennett ta Liberal. Bayan kayensa, Sandon ya ce ba zai iya bayyana dalilin sakamakon ba, sai dai ya ce “masu zaɓe ba su mayar da martani ga batutuwa irin su keɓance harkoki (privatisation) da batun gidan caca (casino)&lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 &quot;Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John&quot;]. [[Parliament of Victoria]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 the original] on 23 August 2006&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 September&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template &quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;A complete citation is needed. (February 2022)&quot;&gt;full citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Sandon daga baya ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga ministan sufuri na gwamnatin Bracks Peter Batchelor, yana shirya rahoto game da tsaron hanya da wuraren haɗari.

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}{{S-start}}
{{S-par|au-vic-lc}}
{{Succession box|title=Member for [[Chelsea Province]]}}
{{S-par|au-vic-la}}
{{Succession box|title=Member for [[electoral district of Carrum|Carrum]]}}
{{S-end}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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Malcolm John (Mal) Sandon (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Satumba 1945) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne. Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Labor na Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga shekarar 1982 zuwa 1988, yana wakiltar Lardin Chelsea, da kuma Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga 1988 zuwa 1996, yana wakiltar masu jefa kuri'a na Carrum. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Gyara da Ministan 'yan sanda da Ayyukan Gaggawa a gwamnatin Kirner daga 1990 zuwa 1992.

An kuma haifi Sandon a Chelsea, kuma ya yi karatunsa a Chelsea State School da Mordialloc Chelsea High School. Ya yi aiki a ayyukan ofis (clerical) da na aikin hannu daga 1963 zuwa 1969, kafin ya tafi Jami’ar Simon Fraser a Canada domin karatun Bachelor of Arts, inda ya kammala a 1972 kuma ya lashe Robert Standfield Prize a fannin kimiyyar siyasa (political science).

Daga shekarar 1973 zuwa 1976, ya kasance dalibi na digiri na gaba (postgraduate) tare da aiki a matsayin malamin wucin gadi (part-time tutor) a sashen ilimin zamantakewa (sociology) a Jami’ar La Trobe. Haka kuma, daga 1974 zuwa 1975, ya yi aiki a matsayin malami (lecturer) a sashen liberal studies a Swinburne Institute of Technology. Daga 1976 har zuwa lokacin da aka zaɓe shi cikin majalisar dokoki a shekara ta 1982, ya yi aiki a matsayin jami’in masana’antu na tarayya (federal industrial officer) a Municipal Officers Association.

Ya shiga Jam’iyyar Labour (Labor Party) a shekarar 1972, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban reshen Aspendale, sannan ya kasance daraktan kamfen na Labour a yankin Isaacs a zaɓen tarayya na 1980. &lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An zabi Sandon a Majalisar Dokoki a Zaben jihar na 1982. Ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Binciken Kwararrun Jama'a (1982-1988), Kwamitin Majalisar (1983-1985), Kwamitin Binkaya na Kwararrun Ma'aikata (1982-1987), da Kwamitin Kimanin Majalisar Dokoki (1986-1988). Ya yi murabus daga Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1988 don yin takara a kujerar Majalisar Dokoki ta Carrum a Zaben jihar na 1988, kuma ya lashe kujerar. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Majalisar Dokoki na Majalisar a karkashin John Cain daga 1989 zuwa 1990, da Ministan Gyara da Ministan 'yan sanda da Ayyukan Gaggawa daga 1990 zuwa 1992 a karkashin Joan Kirner . A cikin Majalisar Dokoki, ya kuma yi aiki a Kwamitin Ci gaban Jama'a (1988-1989) da Kwamitin Rigakafin Laifuka (1992-1994). &lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 &quot;Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John&quot;]. [[Parliament of Victoria]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 the original] on 23 August 2006&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 September&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake zaɓen Sandon da ƙyar a karo na biyu lokacin da gwamnatin Kirner ta sha kaye a zaɓen 1992, amma ya rasa matsayinsa a shadow ministry bayan da bai halarci wani taron ƙungiyarsa ta Labor Unity ba. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake ɗaga shi zuwa cikin shadow ministry a matsayin Shadow Minister for Education (Ministan Ilimi na inuwa).

A zaɓen 1996, ɗan takarar jam’iyyar Liberal, David Lean, ya kayar da Sandon. Wannan ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƴan kaɗan daga jam’iyyar Labor da suka sha kaye a wannan zaɓen, dukama Labor ta samu kujeru da dama daga gwamnatin Kennett ta Liberal. Bayan kayensa, Sandon ya ce ba zai iya bayyana dalilin sakamakon ba, sai dai ya ce “masu zaɓe ba su mayar da martani ga batutuwa irin su keɓance harkoki (privatisation) da batun gidan caca (casino)&lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 &quot;Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John&quot;]. [[Parliament of Victoria]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 the original] on 23 August 2006&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 September&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template &quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;A complete citation is needed. (February 2022)&quot;&gt;full citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Sandon daga baya ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga ministan sufuri na gwamnatin Bracks Peter Batchelor, yana shirya rahoto game da tsaron hanya da wuraren haɗari.

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}{{S-start}}
{{S-par|au-vic-lc}}
{{Succession box|title=Member for [[Chelsea Province]]}}
{{S-par|au-vic-la}}
{{Succession box|title=Member for [[electoral district of Carrum|Carrum]]}}
{{S-end}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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Malcolm John (Mal) Sandon (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Satumba 1945) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne. Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Labor na Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga shekarar 1982 zuwa 1988, yana wakiltar Lardin Chelsea, da kuma Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga 1988 zuwa 1996, yana wakiltar masu jefa kuri'a na Carrum. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Gyara da Ministan 'yan sanda da Ayyukan Gaggawa a gwamnatin Kirner daga 1990 zuwa 1992.

An kuma haifi Sandon a Chelsea, kuma ya yi karatunsa a Chelsea State School da Mordialloc Chelsea High School. Ya yi aiki a ayyukan ofis (clerical) da na aikin hannu daga 1963 zuwa 1969, kafin ya tafi Jami’ar Simon Fraser a Canada domin karatun Bachelor of Arts, inda ya kammala a 1972 kuma ya lashe Robert Standfield Prize a fannin kimiyyar siyasa (political science).

Daga shekarar 1973 zuwa 1976, ya kasance dalibi na digiri na gaba (postgraduate) tare da aiki a matsayin malamin wucin gadi (part-time tutor) a sashen ilimin zamantakewa (sociology) a Jami’ar La Trobe. Haka kuma, daga 1974 zuwa 1975, ya yi aiki a matsayin malami (lecturer) a sashen liberal studies a Swinburne Institute of Technology. Daga 1976 har zuwa lokacin da aka zaɓe shi cikin majalisar dokoki a shekara ta 1982, ya yi aiki a matsayin jami’in masana’antu na tarayya (federal industrial officer) a Municipal Officers Association.

Ya shiga Jam’iyyar Labour (Labor Party) a shekarar 1972, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban reshen Aspendale, sannan ya kasance daraktan kamfen na Labour a yankin Isaacs a zaɓen tarayya na 1980. &lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An zaɓi Sandon a Majalisar Dokoki a Zaben jihar na 1982. Ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Binciken Kwararrun Jama'a (1982-1988), Kwamitin Majalisar (1983-1985), Kwamitin Binkaya na Kwararrun Ma'aikata (1982-1987), da Kwamitin Kimanin Majalisar Dokoki (1986-1988). Ya yi murabus daga Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1988 don yin takara a kujerar Majalisar Dokoki ta Carrum a Zaben jihar na shekarar 1988, kuma ya lashe kujerar. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Majalisar Dokoki na Majalisar a karkashin John Cain daga 1989 zuwa 1990, da Ministan Gyara da Ministan 'yan sanda da Ayyukan Gaggawa daga 1990 zuwa 1992 a karkashin Joan Kirner . A cikin Majalisar Dokoki, ya kuma yi aiki a Kwamitin Ci gaban Jama'a (1988-1989) da Kwamitin Rigakafin Laifuka (1992-1994). &lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 &quot;Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John&quot;]. [[Parliament of Victoria]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 the original] on 23 August 2006&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 September&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake zaɓen Sandon da ƙyar a karo na biyu lokacin da gwamnatin Kirner ta sha kaye a zaɓen 1992, amma ya rasa matsayinsa a shadow ministry bayan da bai halarci wani taron ƙungiyarsa ta Labor Unity ba. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake ɗaga shi zuwa cikin shadow ministry a matsayin Shadow Minister for Education (Ministan Ilimi na inuwa).

A zaɓen 1996, ɗan takarar jam’iyyar Liberal, David Lean, ya kayar da Sandon. Wannan ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƴan kaɗan daga jam’iyyar Labor da suka sha kaye a wannan zaɓen, dukama Labor ta samu kujeru da dama daga gwamnatin Kennett ta Liberal. Bayan kayensa, Sandon ya ce ba zai iya bayyana dalilin sakamakon ba, sai dai ya ce “masu zaɓe ba su mayar da martani ga batutuwa irin su keɓance harkoki (privatisation) da batun gidan caca (casino)&lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 &quot;Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John&quot;]. [[Parliament of Victoria]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 the original] on 23 August 2006&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 September&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template &quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;A complete citation is needed. (February 2022)&quot;&gt;full citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Sandon daga baya ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga ministan sufuri na gwamnatin Bracks Peter Batchelor, yana shirya rahoto game da tsaron hanya da wuraren haɗari.

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}{{S-start}}
{{S-par|au-vic-lc}}
{{Succession box|title=Member for [[Chelsea Province]]}}
{{S-par|au-vic-la}}
{{Succession box|title=Member for [[electoral district of Carrum|Carrum]]}}
{{S-end}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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Malcolm John (Mal) Sandon (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Satumba 1945) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne. Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Labor na Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga shekarar 1982 zuwa 1988, yana wakiltar Lardin Chelsea, da kuma Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga 1988 zuwa 1996, yana wakiltar masu jefa kuri'a na Carrum. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Gyara da Ministan 'yan sanda da Ayyukan Gaggawa a gwamnatin Kirner daga 1990 zuwa 1992.

An kuma haifi Sandon a Chelsea, kuma ya yi karatunsa a Chelsea State School da Mordialloc Chelsea High School. Ya yi aiki a ayyukan ofis (clerical) da na aikin hannu daga 1963 zuwa 1969, kafin ya tafi Jami’ar Simon Fraser a Canada domin karatun Bachelor of Arts, inda ya kammala a 1972 kuma ya lashe Robert Standfield Prize a fannin kimiyyar siyasa (political science).

Daga shekarar 1973 zuwa 1976, ya kasance dalibi na digiri na gaba (postgraduate) tare da aiki a matsayin malamin wucin gadi (part-time tutor) a sashen ilimin zamantakewa (sociology) a Jami’ar La Trobe. Haka kuma, daga 1974 zuwa 1975, ya yi aiki a matsayin malami (lecturer) a sashen liberal studies a Swinburne Institute of Technology. Daga 1976 har zuwa lokacin da aka zaɓe shi cikin majalisar dokoki a shekara ta 1982, ya yi aiki a matsayin jami’in masana’antu na tarayya (federal industrial officer) a Municipal Officers Association.

Ya shiga Jam’iyyar Labour (Labor Party) a shekarar 1972, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban reshen Aspendale, sannan ya kasance daraktan kamfen na Labour a yankin Isaacs a zaɓen tarayya na 1980. &lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An zaɓi Sandon a Majalisar Dokoki a Zaben jihar na 1982. Ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Binciken Kwararrun Jama'a (1982-1988), Kwamitin Majalisar (1983-1985), Kwamitin Binkaya na Kwararrun Ma'aikata (1982-1987), da Kwamitin Kimanin Majalisar Dokoki (1986-1988). Ya yi murabus daga Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1988 don yin takara a kujerar Majalisar Dokoki ta Carrum a Zaben jihar na shekarar 1988, kuma ya lashe kujerar. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Majalisar Dokoki na Majalisar a karkashin John Cain daga 1989 zuwa shekarar 1990, da Ministan Gyara da Ministan 'yan sanda da Ayyukan Gaggawa daga 1990 zuwa 1992 a karkashin Joan Kirner . A cikin Majalisar Dokoki, ya kuma yi aiki a Kwamitin Ci gaban Jama'a (1988-1989) da Kwamitin Rigakafin Laifuka (1992-1994). &lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 &quot;Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John&quot;]. [[Parliament of Victoria]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 the original] on 23 August 2006&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 September&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake zaɓen Sandon da ƙyar a karo na biyu lokacin da gwamnatin Kirner ta sha kaye a zaɓen 1992, amma ya rasa matsayinsa a shadow ministry bayan da bai halarci wani taron ƙungiyarsa ta Labor Unity ba. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake ɗaga shi zuwa cikin shadow ministry a matsayin Shadow Minister for Education (Ministan Ilimi na inuwa).

A zaɓen 1996, ɗan takarar jam’iyyar Liberal, David Lean, ya kayar da Sandon. Wannan ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƴan kaɗan daga jam’iyyar Labor da suka sha kaye a wannan zaɓen, dukama Labor ta samu kujeru da dama daga gwamnatin Kennett ta Liberal. Bayan kayensa, Sandon ya ce ba zai iya bayyana dalilin sakamakon ba, sai dai ya ce “masu zaɓe ba su mayar da martani ga batutuwa irin su keɓance harkoki (privatisation) da batun gidan caca (casino)&lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 &quot;Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John&quot;]. [[Parliament of Victoria]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 the original] on 23 August 2006&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 September&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template &quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;A complete citation is needed. (February 2022)&quot;&gt;full citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Sandon daga baya ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga ministan sufuri na gwamnatin Bracks Peter Batchelor, yana shirya rahoto game da tsaron hanya da wuraren haɗari.

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}{{S-start}}
{{S-par|au-vic-lc}}
{{Succession box|title=Member for [[Chelsea Province]]}}
{{S-par|au-vic-la}}
{{Succession box|title=Member for [[electoral district of Carrum|Carrum]]}}
{{S-end}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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Malcolm John (Mal) Sandon (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Satumba 1945) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne. Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Labor na Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga shekarar 1982 zuwa 1988, yana wakiltar Lardin Chelsea, da kuma Majalisar Dokokin Victoria daga 1988 zuwa 1996, yana wakiltar masu jefa kuri'a na Carrum. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Gyara da Ministan 'yan sanda da Ayyukan Gaggawa a gwamnatin Kirner daga 1990 zuwa 1992.

An kuma haifi Sandon a Chelsea, kuma ya yi karatunsa a Chelsea State School da Mordialloc Chelsea High School. Ya yi aiki a ayyukan ofis (clerical) da na aikin hannu daga 1963 zuwa 1969, kafin ya tafi Jami’ar Simon Fraser a Canada domin karatun Bachelor of Arts, inda ya kammala a 1972 kuma ya lashe Robert Standfield Prize a fannin kimiyyar siyasa (political science).

Daga shekarar 1973 zuwa 1976, ya kasance dalibi na digiri na gaba (postgraduate) tare da aiki a matsayin malamin wucin gadi (part-time tutor) a sashen ilimin zamantakewa (sociology) a Jami’ar La Trobe. Haka kuma, daga 1974 zuwa 1975, ya yi aiki a matsayin malami (lecturer) a sashen liberal studies a Swinburne Institute of Technology. Daga 1976 har zuwa lokacin da aka zaɓe shi cikin majalisar dokoki a shekara ta 1982, ya yi aiki a matsayin jami’in masana’antu na tarayya (federal industrial officer) a Municipal Officers Association.

Ya shiga Jam’iyyar Labour (Labor Party) a shekarar 1972, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban reshen Aspendale, sannan ya kasance daraktan kamfen na Labour a yankin Isaacs a zaɓen tarayya na 1980. &lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An zaɓi Sandon a Majalisar Dokoki a Zaben jihar na 1982. Ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Binciken Kwararrun Jama'a (1982-1988), Kwamitin Majalisar (1983-1985), Kwamitin Binkaya na Kwararrun Ma'aikata (1982-1987), da Kwamitin Kimanin Majalisar Dokoki (1986-1988). Ya yi murabus daga Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1988 don yin takara a kujerar Majalisar Dokoki ta Carrum a Zaben jihar na shekarar 1988, kuma ya lashe kujerar. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Majalisar Dokoki na Majalisar a karkashin John Cain daga 1989 zuwa shekarar 1990, da Ministan Gyara da Ministan 'yan sanda da Ayyukan Gaggawa daga 1990 zuwa 1992 a karkashin Joan Kirner . A cikin Majalisar Dokoki, ya kuma yi aiki a Kwamitin Ci gaban Jama'a (1988-1989) da Kwamitin Rigakafin Laifuka (1992-1994). &lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 &quot;Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John&quot;]. [[Parliament of Victoria]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 the original] on 23 August 2006&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 September&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake zaɓen Sandon da ƙyar a karo na biyu lokacin da gwamnatin Kirner ta sha kaye a zaɓen 1992, amma ya rasa matsayinsa a shadow ministry bayan da bai halarci wani taron ƙungiyarsa ta Labor Unity ba. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake ɗaga shi zuwa cikin shadow ministry a matsayin Shadow Minister for Education (Ministan Ilimi na inuwa).

A zaɓen shekara ta 1996, ɗan takarar jam’iyyar Liberal, David Lean, ya kayar da Sandon. Wannan ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƴan kaɗan daga jam’iyyar Labor da suka sha kaye a wannan zaɓen, dukama Labor ta samu kujeru da dama daga gwamnatin Kennett ta Liberal. Bayan kayensa, Sandon ya ce ba zai iya bayyana dalilin sakamakon ba, sai dai ya ce “masu zaɓe ba su mayar da martani ga batutuwa irin su keɓance harkoki (privatisation) da batun gidan caca (casino)&lt;ref name=&quot;parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 |archive-date=23 August 2006 |access-date=2013-09-23 |publisher=[[Parliament of Victoria]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060823103054/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 &quot;Re-Member: Sandon, Malcolm John&quot;]. [[Parliament of Victoria]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/bioregfull.cfm?mid=1418 the original] on 23 August 2006&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 September&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template &quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;A complete citation is needed. (February 2022)&quot;&gt;full citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Sandon daga baya ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga ministan sufuri na gwamnatin Bracks Peter Batchelor, yana shirya rahoto game da tsaron hanya da wuraren haɗari.

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}{{S-start}}
{{S-par|au-vic-lc}}
{{Succession box|title=Member for [[Chelsea Province]]}}
{{S-par|au-vic-la}}
{{Succession box|title=Member for [[electoral district of Carrum|Carrum]]}}
{{S-end}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Stephanie Chung</title>
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'''Stephanie Chung''' babbar jami'ar kasuwanci ce ta Amurka, wacce ita ce Ba'amurke Ba'amurke ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar wani kamfanin jiragen sama mai zaman kansa a Amurka. Ta kasance shugabar JetSuite daga watan Agusta na shekarar 2018 zuwa Afrilu na 2020. A watan Agusta na shekarar 2020, Chung ta zama babbar jami'ar ci gaban Wheels Up . Ta taɓa riƙe mukamai a Bombardier Aerospace, SkyJet Airlines, da Flexjet .

== Sana'a ==
Chung ta fara aiki a matsayin mai kula da jiragen sama na Piedmont Airlines a shekarun 1980, tana tattara jiragen sama da kuma loda kaya a filin jirgin saman Logan na ƙasa da ƙasa . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nieuwesteeg |first=Tara |date=June 2019 |title=Four Women Leaders Breaking Barriers in Their Industries |url=https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-ceo/2019/june/four-women-leaders-breaking-barriers-in-their-industries/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=D Magazine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;A wasu lokutan tana aiki a kan teburin tikitin jiragen sama don neman ƙarin kuɗi. Tana da shekaru 25, bayan da US Airways ta sayi Piedmont, Chung ta fara aiki a fannin tallace-tallace na kamfanoni inda adadin kuɗinta ya kai dala miliyan 25. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Colleen |date=October 20, 2020 |title=Meet Stephanie Chung, the New Chief Growth Officer at Private Aviation Brand Wheels Up |url=https://afrotech.com/meet-stephanie-chung-the-new-chief-growth-officer-at-private-aviation-brand-wheels-up |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=AfroTech}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bombardier Aerospace ta ɗauke ta aiki a shekarar 2000 a matsayin darektan tallace-tallace a sashen haya na jiragen sama . Daga baya Chung ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar tallace-tallace ta yankin gabar tekun Amurka ta Yamma. Chung ta riƙe mukamai na zartarwa a SkyJet Airlines . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-08-29 |title=JetSuite president on the business of private planes |url=https://www.cnbc.com/video/2018/08/29/jetsuite-president-on-the-business-of-private-planes.html |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=CNBC |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A matsayinta na mataimakiyar shugabar tallace-tallace ta Flexjet, ta jagoranci ƙungiyar dabarun ciniki da tallace-tallace don samar da kuɗaɗen shiga na dala miliyan 835. &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saunders |first=Eddie |date=2020-08-17 |title=Wheels Up Names Stephanie Chung as First Chief Growth Officer |url=https://www.evaint.com/wheels-up-names-stephanie-chung-as-first-chief-growth-officer/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124205824/https://www.evaint.com/wheels-up-names-stephanie-chung-as-first-chief-growth-officer/ |archive-date=2020-11-24 |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=EVA VIP |language=en-GB |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2014, Chung ta kafa wani kamfanin ba da shawara wanda ya mayar da hankali kan horar da manyan jami'ai kan tallace-tallace. Ta nemi shawara daga shugaban kamfanin jiragen sama Alex Wilcox wanda ya dauki Chung a matsayin shugaban JetSuite a watan Agusta na shekarar 2018. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nieuwesteeg |first=Tara |date=June 2019 |title=Four Women Leaders Breaking Barriers in Their Industries |url=https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-ceo/2019/june/four-women-leaders-breaking-barriers-in-their-industries/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=D Magazine |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFNieuwesteeg2019&quot;&gt;Nieuwesteeg, Tara (June 2019). [https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-ceo/2019/june/four-women-leaders-breaking-barriers-in-their-industries/ &quot;Four Women Leaders Breaking Barriers in Their Industries&quot;]. ''D Magazine''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-12-16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Chung shi ne Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka na farko da ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban wani kamfanin jiragen sama mai zaman kansa a Amurka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=February 28, 2019 |title=First Black Private Jet President Flies Through Glass Ceiling |url=https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/jetsuite-ceo-pkg_dallas-fort-worth/1283/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-08-29 |title=JetSuite president on the business of private planes |url=https://www.cnbc.com/video/2018/08/29/jetsuite-president-on-the-business-of-private-planes.html |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=CNBC |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.cnbc.com/video/2018/08/29/jetsuite-president-on-the-business-of-private-planes.html &quot;JetSuite president on the business of private planes&quot;]. ''CNBC''. 2018-08-29&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-12-16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A matsayinsa na shugaba, Chung ya sake daukar JetSuite a matsayin kamfanin jiragen sama mai tsada ta hanyar inganta jiragen da kuma inganta ayyuka. A wannan lokacin, [[Yakin kare hakkin Dan Adam|Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam]] ta ayyana JetSuite a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun wurare don aiki. Kamfanin ya shigar da kara kan fatara a Babi na 11 a watan Afrilun 2020. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lynch |first=Kerry |date=August 17, 2020 |title=Stephanie Chung Joins Wheels Up as Chief Growth Officer |url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2020-08-17/stephanie-chung-joins-wheels-chief-growth-officer |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=[[Aviation International News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Agusta na shekarar 2020, Chung ya zama babban jami'in ci gaban Wheels Up na farko. &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saunders |first=Eddie |date=2020-08-17 |title=Wheels Up Names Stephanie Chung as First Chief Growth Officer |url=https://www.evaint.com/wheels-up-names-stephanie-chung-as-first-chief-growth-officer/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124205824/https://www.evaint.com/wheels-up-names-stephanie-chung-as-first-chief-growth-officer/ |archive-date=2020-11-24 |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=EVA VIP |language=en-GB |url-status=dead }}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSaunders2020&quot;&gt;Saunders, Eddie (2020-08-17). [https://www.evaint.com/wheels-up-names-stephanie-chung-as-first-chief-growth-officer/ &quot;Wheels Up Names Stephanie Chung as First Chief Growth Officer&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007130316/https://evaint.com/wheels-up-names-stephanie-chung-as-first-chief-growth-officer/ |date=2025-10-07 }}. ''EVA VIP''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-12-16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin wannan matsayin, Chung yana kula da sayen abokan ciniki don ƙara yawan kuɗaɗen shiga ta hanyar rarraba tushen membobinsu. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lynch |first=Kerry |date=August 17, 2020 |title=Stephanie Chung Joins Wheels Up as Chief Growth Officer |url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2020-08-17/stephanie-chung-joins-wheels-chief-growth-officer |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=[[Aviation International News]] |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLynch2020&quot;&gt;Lynch, Kerry (August 17, 2020). [https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2020-08-17/stephanie-chung-joins-wheels-chief-growth-officer &quot;Stephanie Chung Joins Wheels Up as Chief Growth Officer&quot;]. ''[[Aviation International News]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-12-16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Don Watan Wayar da Kan Jama'a Kan Ciwon Nono a 2020, Chung ya jagoranci shirin Wheels Up Cares don wayar da kan jama'a da kuɗaɗen Cibiyar Nono ta Dubin ta Cibiyar Ciwon Nono ta Tisch a Asibitin Mount Sinai da ke Manhattan . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Colleen |date=October 20, 2020 |title=Meet Stephanie Chung, the New Chief Growth Officer at Private Aviation Brand Wheels Up |url=https://afrotech.com/meet-stephanie-chung-the-new-chief-growth-officer-at-private-aviation-brand-wheels-up |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=AfroTech}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFWilliams2020&quot;&gt;Williams, Colleen (October 20, 2020). [https://afrotech.com/meet-stephanie-chung-the-new-chief-growth-officer-at-private-aviation-brand-wheels-up &quot;Meet Stephanie Chung, the New Chief Growth Officer at Private Aviation Brand Wheels Up&quot;]. ''AfroTech''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-12-16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Chung yana aiki a majalisar ba da shawara kan Ƙungiyar Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Ƙasa . &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lynch |first=Kerry |date=August 17, 2020 |title=Stephanie Chung Joins Wheels Up as Chief Growth Officer |url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2020-08-17/stephanie-chung-joins-wheels-chief-growth-officer |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=[[Aviation International News]] |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLynch2020&quot;&gt;Lynch, Kerry (August 17, 2020). [https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2020-08-17/stephanie-chung-joins-wheels-chief-growth-officer &quot;Stephanie Chung Joins Wheels Up as Chief Growth Officer&quot;]. ''[[Aviation International News]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-12-16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
An haifi Chung a sansanin sojojin sama . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=February 28, 2019 |title=First Black Private Jet President Flies Through Glass Ceiling |url=https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/jetsuite-ceo-pkg_dallas-fort-worth/1283/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kasance ƙawar soja wadda ke yawan ƙaura saboda mahaifinta wanda babban sajen ne a [[United States Air Force|rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nieuwesteeg |first=Tara |date=June 2019 |title=Four Women Leaders Breaking Barriers in Their Industries |url=https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-ceo/2019/june/four-women-leaders-breaking-barriers-in-their-industries/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=D Magazine |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFNieuwesteeg2019&quot;&gt;Nieuwesteeg, Tara (June 2019). [https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-ceo/2019/june/four-women-leaders-breaking-barriers-in-their-industries/ &quot;Four Women Leaders Breaking Barriers in Their Industries&quot;]. ''D Magazine''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-12-16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wilson |first=Kimberly |date=September 11, 2018 |title=After Beating Cancer, Stephanie Chung Just Became The First Black President of A Private Jet Company |url=https://www.essence.com/news/money-career/women-lets-win/beating-cancer-stephanie-chung-first-black-president-jet-company/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=Essence |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2008, an gano Chung tana da [[Sankaran Nono|cutar kansar mama]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Ta auri {{Circa|1990}} &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-01-23 |title=20 Questions: Stephanie Chung |url=https://www.worth.com/20-questions-stephanie-chung/ |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=Worth |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{As of|2020|August}}  Chung tana zaune a [[Dallas]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saunders |first=Eddie |date=2020-08-17 |title=Wheels Up Names Stephanie Chung as First Chief Growth Officer |url=https://www.evaint.com/wheels-up-names-stephanie-chung-as-first-chief-growth-officer/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124205824/https://www.evaint.com/wheels-up-names-stephanie-chung-as-first-chief-growth-officer/ |archive-date=2020-11-24 |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=EVA VIP |language=en-GB |url-status=dead }}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSaunders2020&quot;&gt;Saunders, Eddie (2020-08-17). [https://www.evaint.com/wheels-up-names-stephanie-chung-as-first-chief-growth-officer/ &quot;Wheels Up Names Stephanie Chung as First Chief Growth Officer&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007130316/https://evaint.com/wheels-up-names-stephanie-chung-as-first-chief-growth-officer/ |date=2025-10-07 }}. ''EVA VIP''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-12-16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Yarta ta kafa ƙungiyar agaji, ƙungiyar masu zaman kansu, mai suna Uplish Society, da nufin rage [[Matasa sun kashe kansu|kashe kai da matasa ke yi]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==

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  <page>
    <title>Ramadan a Ostiraliya</title>
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'''Ramadan a Ostiraliya''' lokaci ne mai tsarki kuma wata na tara a [[Hijira kalanda|kalandar Musulunci]], wanda Musulmai 'yan Australiya ke yi kamar sauran Musulmai a duk duniya. A [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]], wata al'umma mai al'adu daban-daban da addinai daban-daban a wannan watan mai tsarki tana da azumi, addu'a, tunani, al'adun gargajiya da tarukan al'umma, wanda ke nuna al'adun al'adu daban-daban na kasar.

== Bayani ==
Ramadan is a time for spiritual growth, self-discipline, and increased devotion. Muslims abstain from food, drink, and other physical needs from dawn until sunset, focusing on prayer, charity, and community. In Australia, the observance of Ramadan showcases the country's religious diversity and the vibrant traditions of its Muslim communities.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2024 |title=Ramadan kicks off in much of Asia, a day after most of the Middle East |url=https://apnews.com/article/ramadan-asia-indonesia-malaysia-c14b95797fe1a55bb8ec626063c18714 |website=AP News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 16, 2025 |title=Celebrating Ramadan in Australia: Traditions, Unity, and Community Spirit |url=https://aro.org.au/hunger-relief/celebrating-ramadan-in-australia-traditions-unity-and-community-spirit}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwanaki da ganin wata ==
Ana tantance farkon watan Ramadan ta hanyar [[Moon sighting in Islam|ganin sabon wata]] . Misali, a shekarar 2025, [[Australian National Imams Council|Majalisar Limaman Ƙasa ta Ostiraliya]] (ANIC) ta sanar da cewa Ramadan ya fara ne a ranar Asabar, 1 ga Maris bayan ganin jinjirin wata a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu. Duk da haka, wasu al'ummomi sun lura da farkon a ranar Lahadi, 2 ga Maris, saboda rahotannin ganin wata daban-daban. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ramadan Calendar 2025 |url=https://islamicrelief.org.au/ramadan-calendar-2025/ |website=Islamic Relief Australia}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=When Is Ramadan 2025 in Australia? |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/australia/ramadan-begins |website=www.timeanddate.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Toutate |first=Issam |date=February 28, 2025 |title=First Day of Ramadan 2025 in Australia Confirmed on March 1 |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2025/02/177405/first-day-of-ramadan-2025-in-australia-confirmed-on-march-1/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ramadan in Australia |url=https://imcq.org.au/en/islamic-articles/ramadan-in-australia/ |website=IMCQ |access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-date=2026-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260124142934/https://imcq.org.au/en/islamic-articles/ramadan-in-australia/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakazalika, [[Australian Fatwa Council|Majalisar Fatawa ta Australiya]] da Babban Mufti na Australiya, Dr. [[Ibrahim Abu Mohammed|Ibrahim Abu Mohamed]], sun tabbatar da ranar farawa bisa ga lissafin ilmin taurari wanda ke nuna ganin wata na tsawon mintuna 12 bayan faɗuwar rana a [[Sydney]] da mintuna 16 a [[Perth]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 24, 2025 |title=The Commencement of The Holy Month of Ramadan 1446H – 2025 » ANIC |url=https://anic.org.au/the-commencement-of-the-holy-month-of-ramadan-1446h-2025/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsawon lokacin azumi da yanayi ==
Australia's geographical location results in varying fasting durations across the country. During Ramadan, fasting hours can range from approximately 11 to 13 hours, depending on the season and region. The diverse climate also influences the daily routines and practices of fasting individuals.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=What to know about Ramadan |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/what-to-know-about-ramadan/pwgsonlxk |website=SBS News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 16, 2025 |title=Celebrating Ramadan in Australia: Traditions, Unity, and Community Spirit |url=https://aro.org.au/hunger-relief/celebrating-ramadan-in-australia-traditions-unity-and-community-spirit?utm_source=chatgpt.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bukukuwan al'adu da abubuwan da suka faru a cikin al'umma ==
Ana bikin Ramadan a Ostiraliya tare da al'adu da al'adu daban-daban. Wani abin sha'awa shine bikin &quot; Lakemba Nights &quot; a [[Sydney]], wanda ke jan hankalin baƙi sama da miliyan ɗaya kowace shekara. Bikin ya ƙunshi rumfunan abinci, wasannin kwaikwayo na al'adu, da addu'o'in gama gari, wanda ke nuna bambancin al'ummar Musulmi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lakemba Nights during Ramadan 2026 {{pipe}} Australian Festivals Guide |url=https://marketsandstallholders.com/events/lakemba-nights-during-ramadan/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hulɗar addinai daban-daban ===
Ramadan yana zama wata dama ta tattaunawa tsakanin addinai da kuma shiga cikin al'umma a Ostiraliya. Masallatai da cibiyoyin Musulunci da yawa suna shirya bukukuwan buda baki, suna gayyatar mutane na kowane addini don koyo game da Ramadan da kuma cin abincin jama'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

== Ayyukan agaji ==
Sadaka muhimmin bangare ne na Ramadan. Musulmai 'yan kasar Australia suna gudanar da ayyukan agaji daban-daban, ciki har da bayar da gudummawa ga bankunan abinci, tallafawa al'ummomin 'yan gudun hijira, da kuma shiga cikin tarukan tara kudi. Kungiyoyi kamar Islamic Relief Australia suna tsara kokarin da ake yi a duk fadin kasar don taimakawa wadanda ke cikin bukata a lokacin watan mai tsarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saif |first=Shadi Khan |date=March 23, 2025 |title=Ramadan is not just about abstaining from food. It's about truthfulness – something we can all learn from |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/mar/24/ramadan-2025-australia-fasting-food-water-truthfulness |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt;

Ramadan kuma yana jaddada [[Zakkar fidda kai|Zakkatul Fitr]] (sadaka ta wajibi kafin Eid) da kuma gudummawar da aka bayar ga jama'a. Yawancin ƙungiyoyin Musulunci na Australiya suna gudanar da kamfen na tara kuɗi don ayyukan gida da na duniya, gami da taimakon jin kai ga Gaza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ramadan 2025 |url=https://islamicsocietysa.org.au/ramadan-2025/ |website=Islamic Society of South Australia}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;/&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Qasr Al Hosn</title>
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'''Qasr Al Hosn''' wani wuri ne na tarihi kuma ginin dutse mafi tsufa a birnin [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]], babban birnin [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]]. Mohammed Al Bastaki ne ya kula da ginin a shekarar 1761.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=قصر الحصن حارس تاريخ أبوظبي |url=https://www.alkhaleej.ae/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B8%D8%A8%D9%8A |access-date=2021-01-26 |website=صحيفة الخليج |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;UAE museum: Qasr Al Hosn in Abu Dhabi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 November 2008 |title=UAE museum: Qasr Al Hosn in Abu Dhabi |url=http://gulfnews.com/life-style/culture/uae-museum-qasr-al-hosn-in-abu-dhabi-1.100253 |access-date=February 12, 2015 |publisher=Gulf News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wuri ==
Yana kan titin Rashid Bin Saeed Al Maktoum&lt;ref name=&quot;Cultural Foundation&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=QASR AL HOSN - Abu Dhabi Culture |url=https://abudhabiculture.ae/en/experience/historic-landmarks/qasr-al-hosn |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401051024/https://abudhabiculture.ae/en/experience/historic-landmarks/qasr-al-hosn |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=April 22, 2019 |publisher=Cultural Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma wani ɓangare ne na Gidauniyar Al'adu ta Abu Dhabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;National&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 February 2015 |title=National |url=http://www.thenational.ae/arts-lifestyle/the-review/abu-dhabis-cultural-foundation-to-be-revitalised |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212171139/http://www.thenational.ae/arts-lifestyle/the-review/abu-dhabis-cultural-foundation-to-be-revitalised |archive-date=February 12, 2015 |access-date=February 12, 2015 |publisher=National}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:First_Tower,_Qasr_al-Hosn,_Abu_Dhabi.jpg|right|thumb|Cikin gidan sarauta]]
Qasr Al Hosn, wanda aka fi sani da ''Farin Gari'' (wanda a da ba fari ba ne a launi amma an yi masa fenti da farin haske a lokacin gyaran 1976-1983) ko kuma ''Tsohon Gari'',&lt;ref name=&quot;My destination&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=My destination |url=http://www.mydestination.com/abudhabi/6177734/al-hosn-palace-in-abu-dhabi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212170625/http://www.mydestination.com/abudhabi/6177734/al-hosn-palace-in-abu-dhabi |archive-date=February 12, 2015 |access-date=February 12, 2015 |publisher=My destination}}&lt;/ref&gt; an gina shi a shekarar 1761 a matsayin [[Watchtower|hasumiya]] mai siffar konkoma don kare [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|rijiyar]] ruwa mai tsafta guda ɗaya a tsibirin Abu Dhabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;UAE museum: Qasr Al Hosn in Abu Dhabi2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 November 2008 |title=UAE museum: Qasr Al Hosn in Abu Dhabi |url=http://gulfnews.com/life-style/culture/uae-museum-qasr-al-hosn-in-abu-dhabi-1.100253 |access-date=February 12, 2015 |publisher=Gulf News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya aka faɗaɗa hasumiyar zuwa ƙaramin ganuwa a shekarar 1793 ta hannun mai mulkin wancan lokacin, [[Shakhbut bin Dhiyab Al Nahyan]], kuma ya zama mazaunin [[Shehu|Sheikh]] mai mulki na dindindin.&lt;ref name=&quot;UAE museum: Qasr Al Hosn in Abu Dhabi2&quot; /&gt; Hasumiyar ta ɗauki siffarta ta yanzu bayan an tsawaita ta a ƙarshen shekarun 1930, tare da taimakon kuɗaɗen shiga da aka samu don ba da lasisin mai na farko a Abu Dhabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dubaifaqs&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 April 2014 |title=Dubaifaqs |url=http://www.dubaifaqs.com/abu-dhabi-authority-for-culture-and-heritage.php |access-date=February 12, 2015 |publisher=Dubaifaqs |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327111929/http://www.dubaifaqs.com/abu-dhabi-authority-for-culture-and-heritage.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ci gaba da kasancewa fadar sarki (saboda haka sunan Qasr Al Hosn, ma'ana fadar sarki) kuma cibiyar gwamnati har zuwa 1966.&lt;ref name=&quot;UAE museum: Qasr Al Hosn in Abu Dhabi2&quot; /&gt; An sake gyara sansanin sau da yawa kuma yanzu an buɗe shi ga jama'a kaɗan.&lt;ref name=&quot;UAE Interact&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 July 2007 |title=UAE Interact |url=http://www.uaeinteract.com/docs/Qasr_al_Hosn_-_A_new_look_at_this_national_treasure/26346.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225231008/http://www.uaeinteract.com/docs/Qasr_al_Hosn_-_A_new_look_at_this_national_treasure/26346.htm |archive-date=25 February 2008 |access-date=February 12, 2015 |publisher=UAE Interact}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Khaleej Times&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 February 2015 |title=Khaleej Times |url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-article-display-1.asp?xfile=data/nationgeneral/2015/February/nationgeneral_February138.xml&amp;section=nationgeneral |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212104329/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-article-display-1.asp?xfile=data%2Fnationgeneral%2F2015%2FFebruary%2Fnationgeneral_February138.xml&amp;section=nationgeneral |archive-date=12 February 2015 |access-date=February 12, 2015 |publisher=Khaleej Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amfani na yanzu ==
[[Fayil:Qasr_al-Hosn_(3).jpg|thumb|A shekarar 2024]]
A halin yanzu, Qasr Al Hosn yana cikin manyan abubuwan da ake gudanar da bincike a tarihi, kayan tarihi, da gine-gine.&lt;ref name=&quot;National&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Muntada Qasr Al Hosn serves as key platform&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 March 2013 |title=Muntada Qasr Al Hosn serves as key platform |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/government/muntada-qasr-al-hosn-serves-as-key-platform-1.1153015 |access-date=February 12, 2015 |publisher=Gulf News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Katangar tana dauke da gidan tarihi da ke nuna kayan tarihi da hotuna da ke wakiltar tarihin kasar. Haka kuma tana da nau'ikan makamai daban-daban, wadanda aka yi amfani da su a tarihin yankin, wadanda aka nuna.&lt;ref name=&quot;My destination&quot;/&gt;

Bikin Qasr Al Hosn wani biki ne na al'adu na tsawon kwanaki 11 da ake gudanarwa a filin sansanin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Festival home&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Festival home |url=http://qasralhosnfestival.ae/en/ |access-date=February 12, 2015 |publisher=Qasr al Hosn Festival |archive-date=February 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212015437/http://qasralhosnfestival.ae/en/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Take a trip down memory lane at Qasr Al Hosn&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 February 2015 |title=Take a trip down memory lane at Qasr Al Hosn |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/take-a-trip-down-memory-lane-at-qasr-al-hosn-1.1455307 |access-date=February 12, 2015 |publisher=Gulf News}}&lt;/ref&gt; An bude sansanin ga jama'a a lokacin bikin, ciki har da wasu daga cikin yankunan da aka takaita&lt;ref name=&quot;Take a trip down memory lane at Qasr Al Hosn&quot; /&gt; kuma yana dauke da raye-raye da raye-raye da ke nuna al'adun Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Khaleej Times&quot;/&gt;

== Masallaci ==
Yana kan titin Zayed na Farko.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Safia Khatun (mai fafutukar harshe)</title>
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'''Safia Khatun''' (15 ga watan Janairun 1931 - 11 ga watan Fabrairun 1993) ta kasance mai fafutukar yunkurin yaren Bangladesh, masanin kimiyya, kuma mai shirya. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tattara mata a lokacin yunkurin yaren Bengali na 1952. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Women's contribution to Language Movement |url=https://www.observerbd.com/news/353894 |access-date=2025-09-01 |website=The Daily Observer}}&lt;/ref&gt; A matsayinta na daliba a [[University of Dhaka|Jami'ar Dhaka]], ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban kungiyar daliban mata da mataimakiyar shugabar kungiyar daliban Chameli House, inda ta yi aiki don shirya daliban mata don tallafawa motsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-09-01 |title=Young women in histories of resistance |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/58991/young-women-in-histories-of-resistance |access-date=2025-09-01 |website=www.newagebd.net |language=en |archive-date=2020-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129105044/http://www.newagebd.net/article/58991/young-women-in-histories-of-resistance |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta bi ilimi mafi girma a Bangladesh da kasashen waje, daga baya ta shiga Cibiyar Ilimi da Bincike a [[University of Dhaka|Jami'ar Dhaka]] a matsayin farfesa. Ta kasance memba na Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a ta Bangladesh kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya da Harkokin Mata tare da matsayin minista a karkashin gwamnatin Shugaba [[Hussain Muhammad Ershad|H. M. Ershad]] . Cibiyoyin ilimi da hanyoyi a Bangladesh an sanya musu suna don girmama ta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ara |first=Cheman |date=21 February 2020 |title=The women who broke the barricades |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/amar-ekushey-2020/news/the-women-who-broke-the-barricades-1871062 |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=The Daily Star}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Babul |first=Parvez |date=2014-12-02 |title=Women's role in '52, '71, Shahbagh |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/womens-role-in-52-71-shahbagh-53033 |access-date=2025-09-01 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Safia a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1931 a ƙauyen Binnagari na Gundumar Rangpur, Shugabancin Bengal, Indiya ta Burtaniya (a yau ƙauyen Dakshin Battish Hazari, Aditmari Upazila, Gundumar Lalmonirhat, Bangladesh). Mahaifinta, Mir Asgar Ali, sanannen lauya ne wanda ke aiki a Kolkata . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bhorerkagoj |title=শাফিয়া খাতুন |url=http://www.bhorerkagoj.com/print-edition/2019/02/25/238317.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507004030/http://www.bhorerkagoj.com/print-edition/2019/02/25/238317.php |archive-date=2019-05-07 |access-date=2025-09-01 |website=www.bhorerkagoj.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Safia Khatun ta wuce karatun a 1946 kuma ta kammala IA a 1948 da BA daga Kwalejin Lady Brabourne . A shekara ta 1950, ta shiga cikin shirin farko na MA a Jami'ar Dhaka . Ta sami MA a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Dhaka, M.Ed. daga Cibiyar Ilimi da Bincike a 1961, da kuma PhD a cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam daga Jami'ar Arewacin Colorado a 1965. 

== Ayyuka ==
A shekarar 1966, Safia Khatun ta shiga Cibiyar Ilimi da Bincike a Jami'ar Dhaka a matsayin farfesa. A shekara ta 1977, an nada ta memba na Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a ta Bangladesh . A shekara ta 1983, Shugaba Hussain Muhammad Ershad ya nada ta a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Harkokin Mata. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 1984, an ayyana Lalmonirhat a matsayin gundumar daban a ƙarƙashin kulawarta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=District background |url=http://www.lalmonirhat.gov.bd/site/page/4b60a50a-18fd-11e7-9461-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%20%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF |website=Bangladesh national portal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Motsi na harshe ==
Lokacin da gwamnatin Pakistan ta ayyana Urdu a matsayin harshen jihar kawai a 1952, Safia Khatun ta shiga cikin zanga-zangar. A matsayinta na mataimakiyar shugaban kungiyar daliban mata, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tattara daliban mata. A gidan Chameli, gidan mata na Jami'ar Dhaka, ta gudanar da tarurruka da ke gargadi dalibai su shiga ƙungiyar Bangla a matsayin harshen jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ara |first=Cheman |date=21 February 2020 |title=The women who broke the barricades |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/amar-ekushey-2020/news/the-women-who-broke-the-barricades-1871062 |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=The Daily Star}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]]</text>
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    <title>Monique Holsey-Hyman</title>
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'''Monique Holsey-Hyman''' (an haife ta a ranar 10 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1965) ma'aikaciyar jin daɗin jama'a ce ta Amurka, farfesa, kuma 'yar siyasa. Kafin aikinta a fannin siyasa da ilimi, Holsey-Hyman ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jin daɗin jama'a a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] . Ta kasance mai kula da harkokin shari'a a Hukumar Kula da Albarkatun Bil Adama ta birnin New York, ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Shirin Kula da Lafiya Mai Tsanani a Cibiyar Kula da Yara da Iyali ta Steinway ta Queens, ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Bronx na Gudanar da Shari'o'i, kuma ta kasance Darakta ta Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Al'umma . Holsey-Hyman ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya na Katolika na Saint Vincent, Cibiyar Asibitin Brooklyn, da Hukumar Gidaje ta Birnin New York .

Tun daga shekarar 2018, tana aiki a matsayin malanta a Jami'ar North Carolina Central, a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin aikin zamantakewa, kuma a da ta yi aiki a matsayin malanta a matsayin farfesa mai taimako a Kwalejin Berkeley da kuma mai kula da manhaja da mataimaki na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban Harkokin Ilimi don Rikewa da Daukar Ma'aikata a Jami'ar Shaw . A shekarar 2022, an nada Holsey-Hyman a Majalisar Birnin Durham .

A watan Maris na 2023, an zargi Holsey-Hyman da laifin cin hanci da rashawa. Ofishin Bincike na Jihar North Carolina ya binciki ikirarin kuma, a watan Satumba na 2023, ya rufe binciken saboda rashin haɗin kai daga masu shigar da ƙara na farko.

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Holsey-Hyman kuma ta girma a South Bronx da ke [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;columbia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=First Gen Stories: Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman – CSSW Office of Student Services |url=https://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/csswstudevents/first-gen-stories-dr-monique-holsey-hyman/ |access-date=Feb 2, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita 'yar Lee Belton Holsey ce kuma jika ce ga Lee Holsey da Cornelius Carter Holsey. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lee Holsey Obituary (2016) - Fort Lawn, SC - The Lancaster News |url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/thelancasternews/name/lee-holsey-obituary?id=34295087 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328155508/https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/thelancasternews/name/lee-holsey-obituary?id=34295087 |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023 |website=Legacy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Sakandare ta Adlai E. Stevenson a shekarar 1982. A shekarar 1986, ta kammala karatunta da digirin farko na Kimiyya a fannin ayyukan ɗan adam da zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Binghamton . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;nccu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#124; North Carolina Central University |url=https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=www.nccu.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;columbia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=First Gen Stories: Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman – CSSW Office of Student Services |url=https://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/csswstudevents/first-gen-stories-dr-monique-holsey-hyman/ |access-date=Feb 2, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/csswstudevents/first-gen-stories-dr-monique-holsey-hyman/ &quot;First Gen Stories: Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman – CSSW Office of Student Services&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1992, ta sami digirin Master of Social Work daga Makarantar Aikin Jama'a ta Jami'ar Columbia . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;nccu&quot; &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;columbia&quot; &lt;/ref&gt; Ta sami digirin Doctor of Education a fannin gudanarwa da jagoranci daga Jami'ar Walden a shekarar 2015 kuma ta kammala takardar shaidar gudanar da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a shekarar 2005. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;nccu&quot; &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;columbia&quot; &lt;/ref&gt; Ita memba ce a Alpha Kappa Alpha . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;spect&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2023 |title=Durham City Council Member Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman Announces Election Bid |url=https://spectacularmag.com/2023/03/12/durham-city-council-member-dr-monique-holsey-hyman-announces-election-bid/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328142349/https://spectacularmag.com/2023/03/12/durham-city-council-member-dr-monique-holsey-hyman-announces-election-bid/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Aikin zamantakewa ===
A shekarar 1986, Holsey-Hyman ta zama ma'aikaciyar shari'a a Hukumar Kula da Albarkatun Bil Adama ta Birnin New York da Hukumar Kula da Jin Dadin Yara . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;walden&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monique Holsey-Hyman |url=https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=Walden University}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1995, ta yi aiki a yankin da ba na riba ba a Steinway Child and Family Services da ke Queens, New York . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;walden&quot; &lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin darakta a Steinway na Shirin Gudanar da Kulawa Mai Tsanani. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;walden&quot; &lt;/ref&gt;

Holsey-Hyman ta zama ma'aikaciyar jin dadin jama'a mai takardar sheda a New York a shekarar 1996 kuma an kara mata matsayi a matsayin Daraktan Bronx na Gudanar da Shari'o'i. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;columbia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=First Gen Stories: Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman – CSSW Office of Student Services |url=https://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/csswstudevents/first-gen-stories-dr-monique-holsey-hyman/ |access-date=Feb 2, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/csswstudevents/first-gen-stories-dr-monique-holsey-hyman/ &quot;First Gen Stories: Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman – CSSW Office of Student Services&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;walden&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monique Holsey-Hyman |url=https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=Walden University}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman &quot;Monique Holsey-Hyman&quot;]. ''Walden University''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2002, ta zama Daraktan Cibiyar Sadarwar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a a Queens. &lt;ref name=&quot;walden&quot; /&gt; Ta yi aiki a fannin aikin asibiti kai tsaye da kuma mukamai na gudanarwa a fannin aikin zamantakewa tsawon shekaru ashirin da biyar kafin ta yi aiki a fannin koyarwa da kuma samun horo a manyan makarantu. &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#124; North Carolina Central University |url=https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=www.nccu.edu}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching &quot;NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#x7C; North Carolina Central University&quot;]. ''www.nccu.edu''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya na Katolika na Saint Vincent, Cibiyar Asibitin Brooklyn, da Hukumar Gidaje ta Birnin New York . &lt;ref name=&quot;walden&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monique Holsey-Hyman |url=https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=Walden University}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman &quot;Monique Holsey-Hyman&quot;]. ''Walden University''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ilimi ===
A shekara ta 2005, Holsey-Hyman ta fara aiki a manyan makarantu a matsayin farfesa a Sashen Fasaha na Liberal a Kwalejin Berkeley da ke New York. &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#124; North Carolina Central University |url=https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=www.nccu.edu}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching &quot;NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#x7C; North Carolina Central University&quot;]. ''www.nccu.edu''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;walden&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monique Holsey-Hyman |url=https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=Walden University}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman &quot;Monique Holsey-Hyman&quot;]. ''Walden University''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan koyarwa a Berkeley, Holsey-Hyman ta koma North Carolina don yin aiki a fannin gudanar da harkokin ilimi a Jami'ar Shaw, wata kwaleji [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|ta baƙar fata a tarihi]] a Raleigh . &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot; /&gt; A Shaw, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da manhaja, mataimakiya ta musamman ga mataimakin shugaban harkokin ilimi don riƙewa da ɗaukar ma'aikata, kuma ta yi aiki don amincewa da kuma aiwatar da shirin Digiri na farko na Aikin Jama'a na jami'ar. &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot; /&gt;

A shekarar 2016, Holsey-Hyman ta shiga jami'a a Jami'ar North Carolina Central, kuma ta zama mataimakiyar farfesa a Sashen Aikin Jama'a a shekarar 2018. &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#124; North Carolina Central University |url=https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=www.nccu.edu}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching &quot;NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#x7C; North Carolina Central University&quot;]. ''www.nccu.edu''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Tsarin Ilimi Mai Inganci na jami'ar, Majalisar Dattawan Malamai, da kwamitoci da dama a sashen ayyukan zamantakewa. &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot; /&gt; Holsey-Hyman kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga malamai ga Phi Alpha . &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot; /&gt;

A shekarar 2017, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Mace ta Shekara ta ''Spectacular Magazine'' saboda aikinta a fannin ilimi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dr. Moniques Holsey-Hyman Wins Woman of the Year Award in Education |url=https://shawu.edu/Holsey-Hyman_Wins_Woman_of_the_Year_Award_in_Education_Award.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184850/https://shawu.edu/Holsey-Hyman_Wins_Woman_of_the_Year_Award_in_Education_Award.aspx |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=shawu.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Siyasa ===
A shekarar 2022, an zaɓi Holsey-Hyman don kammala wa'adin Kansila Charlie Reece na Majalisar Birnin Durham, wanda ya yi murabus ya koma [[Faris|Paris]] .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Petrow-Cohen |first=Caroline |date=Mar 2, 2022 |title=Charlie Reece Bids Adieu to Durham City Council |url=https://indyweek.com/news/ninth-street-journal/charlie-reece-bids-adieu-to-durham-council/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184847/https://indyweek.com/news/ninth-street-journal/charlie-reece-bids-adieu-to-durham-council/ |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=INDY Week}}&lt;/ref&gt; An zaɓe ta ne gaba ɗaya daga cikin 'yan takara sama da ashirin da suka nemi cike gurbin da babu kowa a majalisar birnin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 5, 2022 |title=Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman voted into vacant spot on Durham City Council |url=https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/dr-monique-holsey-hyman-voted-into-vacant-spot-on-durham-city-council/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184848/https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/dr-monique-holsey-hyman-voted-into-vacant-spot-on-durham-city-council/ |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rantsar da ita a matsayin mukaddashi a ranar 11 ga Mayu, 2022. &lt;ref name=&quot;indyweek&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Geller |first=Lena |date=May 18, 2022 |title=Meet Durham's Newest City Council Member |url=https://indyweek.com/news/durham/new-durham-council-member-holsey-hyman/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://indyweek.com/news/durham/new-durham-council-member-holsey-hyman/ |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=INDY Week}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Magajin Gari Elaine O'Neal ce ta naɗa ta domin ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Aiwatar da Gidaje Masu Sauƙi, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara ga Jama'a, Ƙungiyar Aiki ta Durham-Chapel Hill-Orange, Kwamitin Majalisar Dokoki, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara ga Nishaɗi na Arewa maso Gabas, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara ga Nishaɗi, Ƙungiyoyin 'Yan'uwa na Durham, da kuma Kwamitin Daraktocin Ƙungiyar Upper Neuse River Basin. &lt;ref name=&quot;durham&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monique Holsey-Hyman &amp;#124; Durham, NC |url=https://www.durhamnc.gov/4797/Monique-Holsey-Hyman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.durhamnc.gov/4797/Monique-Holsey-Hyman |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=www.durhamnc.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;indyweek&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Geller |first=Lena |date=May 18, 2022 |title=Meet Durham's Newest City Council Member |url=https://indyweek.com/news/durham/new-durham-council-member-holsey-hyman/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://indyweek.com/news/durham/new-durham-council-member-holsey-hyman/ |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=INDY Week}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFGeller2022&quot;&gt;Geller, Lena (May 18, 2022). [https://indyweek.com/news/durham/new-durham-council-member-holsey-hyman/ &quot;Meet Durham's Newest City Council Member&quot;]. ''INDY Week''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://indyweek.com/news/durham/new-durham-council-member-holsey-hyman/ Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; O'Neal kuma ta naɗa ta don ta yi aiki a matsayin madadin Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Ayyukan Marasa Gidaje, Kwamitin Hulɗa da Dan Adam, Kwamitin Gundumar Hadin Gwiwa, da kuma kwamitin Cibiyar Kamfanonin Yankin Triangle J na Majalisar Gwamnati. &lt;ref name=&quot;durham&quot; /&gt;

Holsey-Hyman kuma yana aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar al'umma ta HBCUgrowBoard. &lt;ref name=&quot;durham&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monique Holsey-Hyman &amp;#124; Durham, NC |url=https://www.durhamnc.gov/4797/Monique-Holsey-Hyman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.durhamnc.gov/4797/Monique-Holsey-Hyman |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=www.durhamnc.gov}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.durhamnc.gov/4797/Monique-Holsey-Hyman &quot;Monique Holsey-Hyman &amp;#x7C; Durham, NC&quot;]. ''www.durhamnc.gov''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.durhamnc.gov/4797/Monique-Holsey-Hyman Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2023, Holsey-Hyman ta kaɗa ƙuri'a kan hana haɗa fili mai faɗin eka 111 a Kudu maso Gabashin Durham don gina gidaje. &lt;ref name=&quot;9thstreet&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Jenna |date=February 16, 2023 |title=New annexations push city boundaries a little further into Durham County |url=https://9thstreetjournal.org/2023/02/16/with-new-annexations-city-boundaries-push-a-little-further-into-durham-county/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328173859/https://9thstreetjournal.org/2023/02/16/with-new-annexations-city-boundaries-push-a-little-further-into-durham-county/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magajin Gari Elaine O'Neal da 'yar Majalisar DeDreana Freeman suma sun kaɗa ƙuri'a kan haɗa fili. &lt;ref name=&quot;9thstreet&quot; /&gt; Shirin ya amince, inda 'yan majalisar guda huɗu suka kaɗa ƙuri'a don goyon bayan aikin, wanda ya kai ga haɗa filaye ashirin da huɗu a Kudu maso Gabashin Durham don gina gidaje har zuwa 545. &lt;ref name=&quot;9thstreet&quot; /&gt;

==== Zarge-zargen kwace da bincike ====
A ranar 23 ga Maris, 2023, magajin garin Durham Elaine O'Neal ta karanta wata sanarwa a wani taron majalisar birnin daga Lauya Kimberly Rehberg, wacce ta zargi wani dan majalisar birnin Durham da bayar da kuri'arsu don goyon bayan aikin wani mai ginin gidaje a madadin gudummawar yakin neman zabe. &lt;ref name=&quot;cbs17&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2023 |title=SBI investigates claims against Durham council member |url=https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/sbi-asked-to-investigate-allegations-against-durham-city-council-member/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013950/https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/sbi-asked-to-investigate-allegations-against-durham-city-council-member/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rehberg ta bayyana cewa yayin da ta gabatar da wannan zargi a hukumance a ranar 23 ga Maris, ta sanar da majalisar damuwarta a ranar 13 ga Maris. &lt;ref name=&quot;cbs17&quot; /&gt; O'Neal ba ta bayyana asalin wanda ake zargi ba, amma wasu 'yan majalisar daga baya sun tabbatar da cewa Holsey-Hyman ne wanda ake zargi. &lt;ref name=&quot;cbs17&quot; /&gt;

An kuma yi zargin cewa Holsey-Hyman ta yi amfani da taimakon ma'aikacin birni don aikin yakin neman zabenta yayin da ma'aikacin ke aiki a kan lokacin birni, don haka ana biyan ta da kuɗin gwamnati. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2023 |title=City attorney: Durham councilwoman could face extortion charge if claims are true |url=https://www.wral.com/durham-county-da-asks-sbi-to-investigate-allegations-city-council-member-offered-developer/20783044/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013949/https://www.wral.com/durham-county-da-asks-sbi-to-investigate-allegations-city-council-member-offered-developer/20783044/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai abubuwa biyu daban-daban da suka shafi ma'aikatan birni da aikin kamfen, ɗaya a watan Satumba na 2022 da ɗaya a watan Janairu na 2023. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral&quot; /&gt; Majalisar birnin ta yi ƙoƙarin sukarta game da waɗannan abubuwan. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral&quot; /&gt; A martanin da ta mayar kan zargin da aka yi wa lamarin a watan Satumba, Holsey-Hyman ta kare kanta, tana mai cewa ba ta san da ƙa'idojin da suka shafi ma'aikatan ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 23, 2023 |title=Profanity-filled outburst follows criminal allegations at Durham council meeting |url=https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013955/https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; A martanin da ta mayar kan lamarin a watan Janairu, ta ce ma'aikacin ya sami izinin yin aikin sa kai a gare ta ta hannun ma'aikatar albarkatun ɗan adam ta birnin. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 24, 2023 |title=Durham City Councilmember accused of extortion by real estate developer |url=https://abc11.com/politics-durham-city-council-extortion-real-estate-developer/13003620/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328172623/https://abc11.com/politics-durham-city-council-extortion-real-estate-developer/13003620/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023 |website=ABC11 Raleigh-Durham}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin jawabinta na kariya, Holsey-Hyman ta ce, &quot;Na fuskanci guguwa da yawa. Amma ba a taɓa tambayar halina ba.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot; /&gt; An yi wa ma'aikacin birnin horo bisa ga shiga cikin ayyukan kamfen a madadin Holsey-Hyman yayin da yake aiki da kuma amfani da albarkatun birni. &lt;ref name=&quot;indy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2023 |title=Durham Council Member Monique Holsey-Hyman is the Target of an Extortion Probe |url=https://indyweek.com/news/durham/durham-council-member-monique-holsey-hyman-is-the-target-of-an-extortion-probe/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328015658/https://indyweek.com/news/durham/durham-council-member-monique-holsey-hyman-is-the-target-of-an-extortion-probe/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; 'Yar majalisar dokoki DeDreana Freeman ta goyi bayan Holsey-Hyman kan zarge-zargen ma'aikacin, tana mai iƙirarin cewa jinsi na iya taka rawa a yadda majalisar birnin ke mayar da martani. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot; /&gt;

Kansila Jillian Johnson ta gabatar da wani kudiri na la'antar Holsey-Hyman saboda zarge-zargen ma'aikacin, wanda aka shirya za a kaɗa ƙuri'a a kansa a taron majalisar birnin a ranar 3 ga Afrilu. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 23, 2023 |title=Profanity-filled outburst follows criminal allegations at Durham council meeting |url=https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013955/https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ &quot;Profanity-filled outburst follows criminal allegations at Durham council meeting&quot;]. March 23, 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013955/https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ Archived] from the original on March 28, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Johnson ya yi wata sanarwa yana mai cewa zarge-zargen &quot;sun yi daidai da dukkan majalisarmu, birninmu, alƙawarinmu ga al'ummarmu, da kuma yadda muke amfani da ikonmu da ikonmu.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot; /&gt;

Magajin Gari O'Neal ta tuntubi Makarantar Gwamnati ta UNC don neman jagora kan yadda majalisar za ta mayar da martani ga zarge-zargen da ake yi wa wani memba na majalisar. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 23, 2023 |title=Profanity-filled outburst follows criminal allegations at Durham council meeting |url=https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013955/https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ &quot;Profanity-filled outburst follows criminal allegations at Durham council meeting&quot;]. March 23, 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013955/https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ Archived] from the original on March 28, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi kira ga Ofishin Bincike na Jihar North Carolina da ya bude bincike kan zarge-zargen da ake yi wa Holsey-Hyman kuma ta fitar da wata sanarwa tana mai cewa, &quot;yarjejeniyar da yawancin 'yan majalisar birnin suka cimma ita ce cewa zarge-zargen suna da matukar tayar da hankali, dole ne a dauki su da muhimmanci kuma, idan gaskiya ne, na iya zama aikata laifuka kuma suna iya haifar da sakamako na laifi.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;cbs17&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2023 |title=SBI investigates claims against Durham council member |url=https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/sbi-asked-to-investigate-allegations-against-durham-city-council-member/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013950/https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/sbi-asked-to-investigate-allegations-against-durham-city-council-member/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/sbi-asked-to-investigate-allegations-against-durham-city-council-member/ &quot;SBI investigates claims against Durham council member&quot;]. March 27, 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013950/https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/sbi-asked-to-investigate-allegations-against-durham-city-council-member/ Archived] from the original on March 28, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Idan zarge-zargen gaskiya ne, Holsey-Hyman zai iya fuskantar tuhumar cin hanci. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2023 |title=City attorney: Durham councilwoman could face extortion charge if claims are true |url=https://www.wral.com/durham-county-da-asks-sbi-to-investigate-allegations-city-council-member-offered-developer/20783044/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013949/https://www.wral.com/durham-county-da-asks-sbi-to-investigate-allegations-city-council-member-offered-developer/20783044/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.wral.com/durham-county-da-asks-sbi-to-investigate-allegations-city-council-member-offered-developer/20783044/ &quot;City attorney: Durham councilwoman could face extortion charge if claims are true&quot;]. March 27, 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013949/https://www.wral.com/durham-county-da-asks-sbi-to-investigate-allegations-city-council-member-offered-developer/20783044/ Archived] from the original on March 28, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 27 ga Maris, 2023, Lauyan Gundumar Durham Satana Deberry ta sanar da cewa an nemi Ofishin Jiha ya binciki zarge-zargen da aka yi wa wani memba na Majalisar Birnin Durham. &lt;ref name=&quot;indy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2023 |title=Durham Council Member Monique Holsey-Hyman is the Target of an Extortion Probe |url=https://indyweek.com/news/durham/durham-council-member-monique-holsey-hyman-is-the-target-of-an-extortion-probe/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328015658/https://indyweek.com/news/durham/durham-council-member-monique-holsey-hyman-is-the-target-of-an-extortion-probe/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://indyweek.com/news/durham/durham-council-member-monique-holsey-hyman-is-the-target-of-an-extortion-probe/ &quot;Durham Council Member Monique Holsey-Hyman is the Target of an Extortion Probe&quot;]. March 28, 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328015658/https://indyweek.com/news/durham/durham-council-member-monique-holsey-hyman-is-the-target-of-an-extortion-probe/ Archived] from the original on March 28, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A taron Majalisar Birnin Durham a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2023, inda majalisar ta shirya kaɗa ƙuri'a kan sukar Holsey-Hyman, ƙuri'ar ba ta gudana ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2023 |title=Durham City Council does not discuss censure of member while investigation continues |url=https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/durham-city-council-does-not-discuss-censure-of-member-while-investigation-continues/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411101938/https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/durham-city-council-does-not-discuss-censure-of-member-while-investigation-continues/ |archive-date=April 11, 2023 |access-date=July 26, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2023 |title=Durham Council does not vote to censure fellow council member under investigation |url=https://abc11.com/durham-city-council-censure-monique-holsey-hyman-extortion-accusation/13081521/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606054200/https://abc11.com/durham-city-council-censure-monique-holsey-hyman-extortion-accusation/13081521/ |archive-date=June 6, 2023 |access-date=July 26, 2023 |website=ABC11 Raleigh-Durham}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin 2023, lauyan birnin Durham Kimberly Rehberg, bisa ga buƙatar Holsey-Hyman, O'Neal, da Freeman, ta aika da takardar shaida ga Gidauniyar Wikimedia tana neman a bayyana sunayen editocin Wikipedia guda uku waɗanda suka yi aiki kan labaran 'yan siyasa da za a bayyana, tare da sauye-sauyen da aka nema a yi wa labaran da aka ambata a sama. Musamman Holsey-Hyman ta yi jayayya game da labarinta game da zarge-zargen cin hanci da rashawa da ake yi mata, tana mai cewa zarge-zargen &quot;ƙirƙira ne&quot;. Sakamakon haka, ta nemi a ba ta sunayen editocin Wikipedia guda biyu da aka ambata a baya - ɗaya, wanda ya ƙirƙiri labarinta kuma ya rubuta yawancin abubuwan da ke ciki, da kuma wani, wanda &quot;ya dage kan adana hanyar haɗi zuwa Kansilan Birnin Durham Jillian Johnson &quot;. An kuma nemi Freeman ta bayyana sunan mai amfani da ya ƙirƙiri shafin Holsey-Hyman, wadda ta bayyana cewa ta ji &quot;bakin ciki sosai&quot; game da gaskiyar cewa mai amfani ya ƙirƙiri labaran Holsey-Hyman da Freeman. An ƙi buƙatun.

A watan Satumba na 2023, Ofishin Bincike na Jihar North Carolina ya kammala bincikensa, inda ya gano cewa babu wata shaida da ke goyon bayan zargin cin hanci da rashawa da ake yi wa Holsey-Hyman. 

== Manazarta ==

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'''Monique Holsey-Hyman''' (an haife ta a ranar 10 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1965) ma'aikaciyar jin daɗin jama'a ce ta Amurka, farfesa, kuma 'yar siyasa. Kafin aikinta a fannin siyasa da ilimi, Holsey-Hyman ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jin daɗin jama'a a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] . Ta kasance mai kula da harkokin shari'a a Hukumar Kula da Albarkatun Bil Adama ta birnin New York, ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Shirin Kula da Lafiya Mai Tsanani a Cibiyar Kula da Yara da Iyali ta Steinway ta Queens, ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Bronx na Gudanar da Shari'o'i, kuma ta kasance Darakta ta Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Al'umma . Holsey-Hyman ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya na Katolika na Saint Vincent, Cibiyar Asibitin Brooklyn, da Hukumar Gidaje ta Birnin New York .

Tun daga shekarar 2018, tana aiki a matsayin malanta a Jami'ar North Carolina Central, a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin aikin zamantakewa, kuma a da ta yi aiki a matsayin malanta a matsayin farfesa mai taimako a Kwalejin Berkeley da kuma mai kula da manhaja da mataimaki na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban Harkokin Ilimi don Rikewa da Daukar Ma'aikata a Jami'ar Shaw . A shekarar 2022, an nada Holsey-Hyman a Majalisar Birnin Durham .

A watan Maris na shekarar 2023, an zargi Holsey-Hyman da laifin cin hanci da rashawa. Ofishin Bincike na Jihar North Carolina ya binciki ikirarin kuma, a watan Satumba na shekarar 2023, ya rufe binciken saboda rashin haɗin kai daga masu shigar da ƙara na farko.

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Holsey-Hyman kuma ta girma a South Bronx da ke [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;columbia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=First Gen Stories: Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman – CSSW Office of Student Services |url=https://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/csswstudevents/first-gen-stories-dr-monique-holsey-hyman/ |access-date=Feb 2, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita 'yar Lee Belton Holsey ce kuma jika ce ga Lee Holsey da Cornelius Carter Holsey. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lee Holsey Obituary (2016) - Fort Lawn, SC - The Lancaster News |url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/thelancasternews/name/lee-holsey-obituary?id=34295087 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328155508/https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/thelancasternews/name/lee-holsey-obituary?id=34295087 |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023 |website=Legacy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Sakandare ta Adlai E. Stevenson a shekarar 1982. A shekarar 1986, ta kammala karatunta da digirin farko na Kimiyya a fannin ayyukan ɗan adam da zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Binghamton . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;nccu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#124; North Carolina Central University |url=https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=www.nccu.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;columbia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=First Gen Stories: Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman – CSSW Office of Student Services |url=https://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/csswstudevents/first-gen-stories-dr-monique-holsey-hyman/ |access-date=Feb 2, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/csswstudevents/first-gen-stories-dr-monique-holsey-hyman/ &quot;First Gen Stories: Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman – CSSW Office of Student Services&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1992, ta sami digirin Master of Social Work daga Makarantar Aikin Jama'a ta Jami'ar Columbia . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;nccu&quot; &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;columbia&quot; &lt;/ref&gt; Ta sami digirin Doctor of Education a fannin gudanarwa da jagoranci daga Jami'ar Walden a shekarar 2015 kuma ta kammala takardar shaidar gudanar da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a shekarar 2005. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;nccu&quot; &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;columbia&quot; &lt;/ref&gt; Ita memba ce a Alpha Kappa Alpha . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;spect&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2023 |title=Durham City Council Member Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman Announces Election Bid |url=https://spectacularmag.com/2023/03/12/durham-city-council-member-dr-monique-holsey-hyman-announces-election-bid/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328142349/https://spectacularmag.com/2023/03/12/durham-city-council-member-dr-monique-holsey-hyman-announces-election-bid/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Aikin zamantakewa ===
A shekarar 1986, Holsey-Hyman ta zama ma'aikaciyar shari'a a Hukumar Kula da Albarkatun Bil Adama ta Birnin New York da Hukumar Kula da Jin Dadin Yara . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;walden&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monique Holsey-Hyman |url=https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=Walden University}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1995, ta yi aiki a yankin da ba na riba ba a Steinway Child and Family Services da ke Queens, New York . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;walden&quot; &lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin darakta a Steinway na Shirin Gudanar da Kulawa Mai Tsanani. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;walden&quot; &lt;/ref&gt;

Holsey-Hyman ta zama ma'aikaciyar jin dadin jama'a mai takardar sheda a New York a shekarar 1996 kuma an kara mata matsayi a matsayin Daraktan Bronx na Gudanar da Shari'o'i. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;columbia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=First Gen Stories: Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman – CSSW Office of Student Services |url=https://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/csswstudevents/first-gen-stories-dr-monique-holsey-hyman/ |access-date=Feb 2, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/csswstudevents/first-gen-stories-dr-monique-holsey-hyman/ &quot;First Gen Stories: Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman – CSSW Office of Student Services&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;walden&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monique Holsey-Hyman |url=https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=Walden University}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman &quot;Monique Holsey-Hyman&quot;]. ''Walden University''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2002, ta zama Daraktan Cibiyar Sadarwar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a a Queens. &lt;ref name=&quot;walden&quot; /&gt; Ta yi aiki a fannin aikin asibiti kai tsaye da kuma mukamai na gudanarwa a fannin aikin zamantakewa tsawon shekaru ashirin da biyar kafin ta yi aiki a fannin koyarwa da kuma samun horo a manyan makarantu. &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#124; North Carolina Central University |url=https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=www.nccu.edu}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching &quot;NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#x7C; North Carolina Central University&quot;]. ''www.nccu.edu''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya na Katolika na Saint Vincent, Cibiyar Asibitin Brooklyn, da Hukumar Gidaje ta Birnin New York . &lt;ref name=&quot;walden&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monique Holsey-Hyman |url=https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=Walden University}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman &quot;Monique Holsey-Hyman&quot;]. ''Walden University''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ilimi ===
A shekara ta 2005, Holsey-Hyman ta fara aiki a manyan makarantu a matsayin farfesa a Sashen Fasaha na Liberal a Kwalejin Berkeley da ke New York. &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#124; North Carolina Central University |url=https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=www.nccu.edu}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching &quot;NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#x7C; North Carolina Central University&quot;]. ''www.nccu.edu''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;walden&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monique Holsey-Hyman |url=https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=Walden University}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman &quot;Monique Holsey-Hyman&quot;]. ''Walden University''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan koyarwa a Berkeley, Holsey-Hyman ta koma North Carolina don yin aiki a fannin gudanar da harkokin ilimi a Jami'ar Shaw, wata kwaleji [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|ta baƙar fata a tarihi]] a Raleigh . &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot; /&gt; A Shaw, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da manhaja, mataimakiya ta musamman ga mataimakin shugaban harkokin ilimi don riƙewa da ɗaukar ma'aikata, kuma ta yi aiki don amincewa da kuma aiwatar da shirin Digiri na farko na Aikin Jama'a na jami'ar. &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot; /&gt;

A shekarar 2016, Holsey-Hyman ta shiga jami'a a Jami'ar North Carolina Central, kuma ta zama mataimakiyar farfesa a Sashen Aikin Jama'a a shekarar 2018. &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#124; North Carolina Central University |url=https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=www.nccu.edu}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching &quot;NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#x7C; North Carolina Central University&quot;]. ''www.nccu.edu''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Tsarin Ilimi Mai Inganci na jami'ar, Majalisar Dattawan Malamai, da kwamitoci da dama a sashen ayyukan zamantakewa. &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot; /&gt; Holsey-Hyman kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga malamai ga Phi Alpha . &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot; /&gt;

A shekarar 2017, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Mace ta Shekara ta ''Spectacular Magazine'' saboda aikinta a fannin ilimi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dr. Moniques Holsey-Hyman Wins Woman of the Year Award in Education |url=https://shawu.edu/Holsey-Hyman_Wins_Woman_of_the_Year_Award_in_Education_Award.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184850/https://shawu.edu/Holsey-Hyman_Wins_Woman_of_the_Year_Award_in_Education_Award.aspx |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=shawu.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Siyasa ===
A shekarar 2022, an zaɓi Holsey-Hyman don kammala wa'adin Kansila Charlie Reece na Majalisar Birnin Durham, wanda ya yi murabus ya koma [[Faris|Paris]] .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Petrow-Cohen |first=Caroline |date=Mar 2, 2022 |title=Charlie Reece Bids Adieu to Durham City Council |url=https://indyweek.com/news/ninth-street-journal/charlie-reece-bids-adieu-to-durham-council/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184847/https://indyweek.com/news/ninth-street-journal/charlie-reece-bids-adieu-to-durham-council/ |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=INDY Week}}&lt;/ref&gt; An zaɓe ta ne gaba ɗaya daga cikin 'yan takara sama da ashirin da suka nemi cike gurbin da babu kowa a majalisar birnin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 5, 2022 |title=Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman voted into vacant spot on Durham City Council |url=https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/dr-monique-holsey-hyman-voted-into-vacant-spot-on-durham-city-council/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184848/https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/dr-monique-holsey-hyman-voted-into-vacant-spot-on-durham-city-council/ |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rantsar da ita a matsayin mukaddashi a ranar 11 ga Mayu, 2022. &lt;ref name=&quot;indyweek&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Geller |first=Lena |date=May 18, 2022 |title=Meet Durham's Newest City Council Member |url=https://indyweek.com/news/durham/new-durham-council-member-holsey-hyman/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://indyweek.com/news/durham/new-durham-council-member-holsey-hyman/ |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=INDY Week}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Magajin Gari Elaine O'Neal ce ta naɗa ta domin ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Aiwatar da Gidaje Masu Sauƙi, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara ga Jama'a, Ƙungiyar Aiki ta Durham-Chapel Hill-Orange, Kwamitin Majalisar Dokoki, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara ga Nishaɗi na Arewa maso Gabas, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara ga Nishaɗi, Ƙungiyoyin 'Yan'uwa na Durham, da kuma Kwamitin Daraktocin Ƙungiyar Upper Neuse River Basin. &lt;ref name=&quot;durham&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monique Holsey-Hyman &amp;#124; Durham, NC |url=https://www.durhamnc.gov/4797/Monique-Holsey-Hyman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.durhamnc.gov/4797/Monique-Holsey-Hyman |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=www.durhamnc.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;indyweek&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Geller |first=Lena |date=May 18, 2022 |title=Meet Durham's Newest City Council Member |url=https://indyweek.com/news/durham/new-durham-council-member-holsey-hyman/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://indyweek.com/news/durham/new-durham-council-member-holsey-hyman/ |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=INDY Week}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFGeller2022&quot;&gt;Geller, Lena (May 18, 2022). [https://indyweek.com/news/durham/new-durham-council-member-holsey-hyman/ &quot;Meet Durham's Newest City Council Member&quot;]. ''INDY Week''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://indyweek.com/news/durham/new-durham-council-member-holsey-hyman/ Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; O'Neal kuma ta naɗa ta don ta yi aiki a matsayin madadin Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Ayyukan Marasa Gidaje, Kwamitin Hulɗa da Dan Adam, Kwamitin Gundumar Hadin Gwiwa, da kuma kwamitin Cibiyar Kamfanonin Yankin Triangle J na Majalisar Gwamnati. &lt;ref name=&quot;durham&quot; /&gt;

Holsey-Hyman kuma yana aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar al'umma ta HBCUgrowBoard. &lt;ref name=&quot;durham&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monique Holsey-Hyman &amp;#124; Durham, NC |url=https://www.durhamnc.gov/4797/Monique-Holsey-Hyman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.durhamnc.gov/4797/Monique-Holsey-Hyman |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=www.durhamnc.gov}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.durhamnc.gov/4797/Monique-Holsey-Hyman &quot;Monique Holsey-Hyman &amp;#x7C; Durham, NC&quot;]. ''www.durhamnc.gov''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.durhamnc.gov/4797/Monique-Holsey-Hyman Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2023, Holsey-Hyman ta kaɗa ƙuri'a kan hana haɗa fili mai faɗin eka 111 a Kudu maso Gabashin Durham don gina gidaje. &lt;ref name=&quot;9thstreet&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Jenna |date=February 16, 2023 |title=New annexations push city boundaries a little further into Durham County |url=https://9thstreetjournal.org/2023/02/16/with-new-annexations-city-boundaries-push-a-little-further-into-durham-county/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328173859/https://9thstreetjournal.org/2023/02/16/with-new-annexations-city-boundaries-push-a-little-further-into-durham-county/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magajin Gari Elaine O'Neal da 'yar Majalisar DeDreana Freeman suma sun kaɗa ƙuri'a kan haɗa fili. &lt;ref name=&quot;9thstreet&quot; /&gt; Shirin ya amince, inda 'yan majalisar guda huɗu suka kaɗa ƙuri'a don goyon bayan aikin, wanda ya kai ga haɗa filaye ashirin da huɗu a Kudu maso Gabashin Durham don gina gidaje har zuwa 545. &lt;ref name=&quot;9thstreet&quot; /&gt;

==== Zarge-zargen kwace da bincike ====
A ranar 23 ga Maris, 2023, magajin garin Durham Elaine O'Neal ta karanta wata sanarwa a wani taron majalisar birnin daga Lauya Kimberly Rehberg, wacce ta zargi wani dan majalisar birnin Durham da bayar da kuri'arsu don goyon bayan aikin wani mai ginin gidaje a madadin gudummawar yakin neman zabe. &lt;ref name=&quot;cbs17&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2023 |title=SBI investigates claims against Durham council member |url=https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/sbi-asked-to-investigate-allegations-against-durham-city-council-member/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013950/https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/sbi-asked-to-investigate-allegations-against-durham-city-council-member/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rehberg ta bayyana cewa yayin da ta gabatar da wannan zargi a hukumance a ranar 23 ga Maris, ta sanar da majalisar damuwarta a ranar 13 ga Maris. &lt;ref name=&quot;cbs17&quot; /&gt; O'Neal ba ta bayyana asalin wanda ake zargi ba, amma wasu 'yan majalisar daga baya sun tabbatar da cewa Holsey-Hyman ne wanda ake zargi. &lt;ref name=&quot;cbs17&quot; /&gt;

An kuma yi zargin cewa Holsey-Hyman ta yi amfani da taimakon ma'aikacin birni don aikin yakin neman zabenta yayin da ma'aikacin ke aiki a kan lokacin birni, don haka ana biyan ta da kuɗin gwamnati. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2023 |title=City attorney: Durham councilwoman could face extortion charge if claims are true |url=https://www.wral.com/durham-county-da-asks-sbi-to-investigate-allegations-city-council-member-offered-developer/20783044/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013949/https://www.wral.com/durham-county-da-asks-sbi-to-investigate-allegations-city-council-member-offered-developer/20783044/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai abubuwa biyu daban-daban da suka shafi ma'aikatan birni da aikin kamfen, ɗaya a watan Satumba na 2022 da ɗaya a watan Janairu na 2023. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral&quot; /&gt; Majalisar birnin ta yi ƙoƙarin sukarta game da waɗannan abubuwan. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral&quot; /&gt; A martanin da ta mayar kan zargin da aka yi wa lamarin a watan Satumba, Holsey-Hyman ta kare kanta, tana mai cewa ba ta san da ƙa'idojin da suka shafi ma'aikatan ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 23, 2023 |title=Profanity-filled outburst follows criminal allegations at Durham council meeting |url=https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013955/https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; A martanin da ta mayar kan lamarin a watan Janairu, ta ce ma'aikacin ya sami izinin yin aikin sa kai a gare ta ta hannun ma'aikatar albarkatun ɗan adam ta birnin. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 24, 2023 |title=Durham City Councilmember accused of extortion by real estate developer |url=https://abc11.com/politics-durham-city-council-extortion-real-estate-developer/13003620/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328172623/https://abc11.com/politics-durham-city-council-extortion-real-estate-developer/13003620/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023 |website=ABC11 Raleigh-Durham}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin jawabinta na kariya, Holsey-Hyman ta ce, &quot;Na fuskanci guguwa da yawa. Amma ba a taɓa tambayar halina ba.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot; /&gt; An yi wa ma'aikacin birnin horo bisa ga shiga cikin ayyukan kamfen a madadin Holsey-Hyman yayin da yake aiki da kuma amfani da albarkatun birni. &lt;ref name=&quot;indy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2023 |title=Durham Council Member Monique Holsey-Hyman is the Target of an Extortion Probe |url=https://indyweek.com/news/durham/durham-council-member-monique-holsey-hyman-is-the-target-of-an-extortion-probe/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328015658/https://indyweek.com/news/durham/durham-council-member-monique-holsey-hyman-is-the-target-of-an-extortion-probe/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; 'Yar majalisar dokoki DeDreana Freeman ta goyi bayan Holsey-Hyman kan zarge-zargen ma'aikacin, tana mai iƙirarin cewa jinsi na iya taka rawa a yadda majalisar birnin ke mayar da martani. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot; /&gt;

Kansila Jillian Johnson ta gabatar da wani kudiri na la'antar Holsey-Hyman saboda zarge-zargen ma'aikacin, wanda aka shirya za a kaɗa ƙuri'a a kansa a taron majalisar birnin a ranar 3 ga Afrilu. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 23, 2023 |title=Profanity-filled outburst follows criminal allegations at Durham council meeting |url=https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013955/https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ &quot;Profanity-filled outburst follows criminal allegations at Durham council meeting&quot;]. March 23, 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013955/https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ Archived] from the original on March 28, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Johnson ya yi wata sanarwa yana mai cewa zarge-zargen &quot;sun yi daidai da dukkan majalisarmu, birninmu, alƙawarinmu ga al'ummarmu, da kuma yadda muke amfani da ikonmu da ikonmu.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot; /&gt;

Magajin Gari O'Neal ta tuntubi Makarantar Gwamnati ta UNC don neman jagora kan yadda majalisar za ta mayar da martani ga zarge-zargen da ake yi wa wani memba na majalisar. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 23, 2023 |title=Profanity-filled outburst follows criminal allegations at Durham council meeting |url=https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013955/https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ &quot;Profanity-filled outburst follows criminal allegations at Durham council meeting&quot;]. March 23, 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013955/https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ Archived] from the original on March 28, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi kira ga Ofishin Bincike na Jihar North Carolina da ya bude bincike kan zarge-zargen da ake yi wa Holsey-Hyman kuma ta fitar da wata sanarwa tana mai cewa, &quot;yarjejeniyar da yawancin 'yan majalisar birnin suka cimma ita ce cewa zarge-zargen suna da matukar tayar da hankali, dole ne a dauki su da muhimmanci kuma, idan gaskiya ne, na iya zama aikata laifuka kuma suna iya haifar da sakamako na laifi.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;cbs17&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2023 |title=SBI investigates claims against Durham council member |url=https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/sbi-asked-to-investigate-allegations-against-durham-city-council-member/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013950/https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/sbi-asked-to-investigate-allegations-against-durham-city-council-member/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/sbi-asked-to-investigate-allegations-against-durham-city-council-member/ &quot;SBI investigates claims against Durham council member&quot;]. March 27, 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013950/https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/sbi-asked-to-investigate-allegations-against-durham-city-council-member/ Archived] from the original on March 28, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Idan zarge-zargen gaskiya ne, Holsey-Hyman zai iya fuskantar tuhumar cin hanci. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2023 |title=City attorney: Durham councilwoman could face extortion charge if claims are true |url=https://www.wral.com/durham-county-da-asks-sbi-to-investigate-allegations-city-council-member-offered-developer/20783044/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013949/https://www.wral.com/durham-county-da-asks-sbi-to-investigate-allegations-city-council-member-offered-developer/20783044/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.wral.com/durham-county-da-asks-sbi-to-investigate-allegations-city-council-member-offered-developer/20783044/ &quot;City attorney: Durham councilwoman could face extortion charge if claims are true&quot;]. March 27, 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013949/https://www.wral.com/durham-county-da-asks-sbi-to-investigate-allegations-city-council-member-offered-developer/20783044/ Archived] from the original on March 28, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 27 ga Maris, 2023, Lauyan Gundumar Durham Satana Deberry ta sanar da cewa an nemi Ofishin Jiha ya binciki zarge-zargen da aka yi wa wani memba na Majalisar Birnin Durham. &lt;ref name=&quot;indy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2023 |title=Durham Council Member Monique Holsey-Hyman is the Target of an Extortion Probe |url=https://indyweek.com/news/durham/durham-council-member-monique-holsey-hyman-is-the-target-of-an-extortion-probe/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328015658/https://indyweek.com/news/durham/durham-council-member-monique-holsey-hyman-is-the-target-of-an-extortion-probe/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://indyweek.com/news/durham/durham-council-member-monique-holsey-hyman-is-the-target-of-an-extortion-probe/ &quot;Durham Council Member Monique Holsey-Hyman is the Target of an Extortion Probe&quot;]. March 28, 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328015658/https://indyweek.com/news/durham/durham-council-member-monique-holsey-hyman-is-the-target-of-an-extortion-probe/ Archived] from the original on March 28, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A taron Majalisar Birnin Durham a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2023, inda majalisar ta shirya kaɗa ƙuri'a kan sukar Holsey-Hyman, ƙuri'ar ba ta gudana ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2023 |title=Durham City Council does not discuss censure of member while investigation continues |url=https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/durham-city-council-does-not-discuss-censure-of-member-while-investigation-continues/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411101938/https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/durham-city-council-does-not-discuss-censure-of-member-while-investigation-continues/ |archive-date=April 11, 2023 |access-date=July 26, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2023 |title=Durham Council does not vote to censure fellow council member under investigation |url=https://abc11.com/durham-city-council-censure-monique-holsey-hyman-extortion-accusation/13081521/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606054200/https://abc11.com/durham-city-council-censure-monique-holsey-hyman-extortion-accusation/13081521/ |archive-date=June 6, 2023 |access-date=July 26, 2023 |website=ABC11 Raleigh-Durham}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin 2023, lauyan birnin Durham Kimberly Rehberg, bisa ga buƙatar Holsey-Hyman, O'Neal, da Freeman, ta aika da takardar shaida ga Gidauniyar Wikimedia tana neman a bayyana sunayen editocin Wikipedia guda uku waɗanda suka yi aiki kan labaran 'yan siyasa da za a bayyana, tare da sauye-sauyen da aka nema a yi wa labaran da aka ambata a sama. Musamman Holsey-Hyman ta yi jayayya game da labarinta game da zarge-zargen cin hanci da rashawa da ake yi mata, tana mai cewa zarge-zargen &quot;ƙirƙira ne&quot;. Sakamakon haka, ta nemi a ba ta sunayen editocin Wikipedia guda biyu da aka ambata a baya - ɗaya, wanda ya ƙirƙiri labarinta kuma ya rubuta yawancin abubuwan da ke ciki, da kuma wani, wanda &quot;ya dage kan adana hanyar haɗi zuwa Kansilan Birnin Durham Jillian Johnson &quot;. An kuma nemi Freeman ta bayyana sunan mai amfani da ya ƙirƙiri shafin Holsey-Hyman, wadda ta bayyana cewa ta ji &quot;bakin ciki sosai&quot; game da gaskiyar cewa mai amfani ya ƙirƙiri labaran Holsey-Hyman da Freeman. An ƙi buƙatun.

A watan Satumba na 2023, Ofishin Bincike na Jihar North Carolina ya kammala bincikensa, inda ya gano cewa babu wata shaida da ke goyon bayan zargin cin hanci da rashawa da ake yi wa Holsey-Hyman. 

== Manazarta ==

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'''Monique Holsey-Hyman''' (an haife ta a ranar 10 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1965) ma'aikaciyar jin daɗin jama'a ce ta Amurka, farfesa, kuma 'yar siyasa. Kafin aikinta a fannin siyasa da ilimi, Holsey-Hyman ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jin daɗin jama'a a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] . Ta kasance mai kula da harkokin shari'a a Hukumar Kula da Albarkatun Bil Adama ta birnin New York, ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Shirin Kula da Lafiya Mai Tsanani a Cibiyar Kula da Yara da Iyali ta Steinway ta Queens, ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Bronx na Gudanar da Shari'o'i, kuma ta kasance Darakta ta Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Al'umma . Holsey-Hyman ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya na Katolika na Saint Vincent, Cibiyar Asibitin Brooklyn, da Hukumar Gidaje ta Birnin New York .

Tun daga shekarar 2018, tana aiki a matsayin malanta a Jami'ar North Carolina Central, a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin aikin zamantakewa, kuma a da ta yi aiki a matsayin malanta a matsayin farfesa mai taimako a Kwalejin Berkeley da kuma mai kula da manhaja da mataimaki na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban Harkokin Ilimi don Rikewa da Daukar Ma'aikata a Jami'ar Shaw . A shekarar 2022, an nada Holsey-Hyman a Majalisar Birnin Durham .

A watan Maris na shekarar 2023, an zargi Holsey-Hyman da laifin cin hanci da rashawa. Ofishin Bincike na Jihar North Carolina ya binciki ikirarin kuma, a watan Satumba na shekarar 2023, ya rufe binciken saboda rashin haɗin kai daga masu shigar da ƙara na farko.

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Holsey-Hyman kuma ta girma a South Bronx da ke [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;columbia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=First Gen Stories: Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman – CSSW Office of Student Services |url=https://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/csswstudevents/first-gen-stories-dr-monique-holsey-hyman/ |access-date=Feb 2, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita 'yar Lee Belton Holsey ce kuma jika ce ga Lee Holsey da Cornelius Carter Holsey. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lee Holsey Obituary (2016) - Fort Lawn, SC - The Lancaster News |url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/thelancasternews/name/lee-holsey-obituary?id=34295087 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328155508/https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/thelancasternews/name/lee-holsey-obituary?id=34295087 |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023 |website=Legacy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Sakandare ta Adlai E. Stevenson a shekarar 1982. A shekarar 1986, ta kuma kammala karatunta da digirin farko na Kimiyya a fannin ayyukan ɗan adam da zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Binghamton . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;nccu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#124; North Carolina Central University |url=https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=www.nccu.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;columbia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=First Gen Stories: Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman – CSSW Office of Student Services |url=https://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/csswstudevents/first-gen-stories-dr-monique-holsey-hyman/ |access-date=Feb 2, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/csswstudevents/first-gen-stories-dr-monique-holsey-hyman/ &quot;First Gen Stories: Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman – CSSW Office of Student Services&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1992, ta sami digirin Master of Social Work daga Makarantar Aikin Jama'a ta Jami'ar Columbia . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;nccu&quot; &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;columbia&quot; &lt;/ref&gt; Ta sami digirin Doctor of Education a fannin gudanarwa da jagoranci daga Jami'ar Walden a shekarar 2015 kuma ta kammala takardar shaidar gudanar da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a shekarar 2005. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;nccu&quot; &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;columbia&quot; &lt;/ref&gt; Ita memba ce a Alpha Kappa Alpha . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;spect&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2023 |title=Durham City Council Member Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman Announces Election Bid |url=https://spectacularmag.com/2023/03/12/durham-city-council-member-dr-monique-holsey-hyman-announces-election-bid/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328142349/https://spectacularmag.com/2023/03/12/durham-city-council-member-dr-monique-holsey-hyman-announces-election-bid/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Aikin zamantakewa ===
A shekarar 1986, Holsey-Hyman ta zama ma'aikaciyar shari'a a Hukumar Kula da Albarkatun Bil Adama ta Birnin New York da Hukumar Kula da Jin Dadin Yara . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;walden&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monique Holsey-Hyman |url=https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=Walden University}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1995, ta yi aiki a yankin da ba na riba ba a Steinway Child and Family Services da ke Queens, New York . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;walden&quot; &lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin darakta a Steinway na Shirin Gudanar da Kulawa Mai Tsanani. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;walden&quot; &lt;/ref&gt;

Holsey-Hyman ta zama ma'aikaciyar jin dadin jama'a mai takardar sheda a New York a shekarar 1996 kuma an kara mata matsayi a matsayin Daraktan Bronx na Gudanar da Shari'o'i. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;columbia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=First Gen Stories: Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman – CSSW Office of Student Services |url=https://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/csswstudevents/first-gen-stories-dr-monique-holsey-hyman/ |access-date=Feb 2, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/csswstudevents/first-gen-stories-dr-monique-holsey-hyman/ &quot;First Gen Stories: Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman – CSSW Office of Student Services&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;walden&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monique Holsey-Hyman |url=https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=Walden University}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman &quot;Monique Holsey-Hyman&quot;]. ''Walden University''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2002, ta zama Daraktan Cibiyar Sadarwar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a a Queens. &lt;ref name=&quot;walden&quot; /&gt; Ta yi aiki a fannin aikin asibiti kai tsaye da kuma mukamai na gudanarwa a fannin aikin zamantakewa tsawon shekaru ashirin da biyar kafin ta yi aiki a fannin koyarwa da kuma samun horo a manyan makarantu. &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#124; North Carolina Central University |url=https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=www.nccu.edu}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching &quot;NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#x7C; North Carolina Central University&quot;]. ''www.nccu.edu''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya na Katolika na Saint Vincent, Cibiyar Asibitin Brooklyn, da Hukumar Gidaje ta Birnin New York . &lt;ref name=&quot;walden&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monique Holsey-Hyman |url=https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=Walden University}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman &quot;Monique Holsey-Hyman&quot;]. ''Walden University''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ilimi ===
A shekara ta 2005, Holsey-Hyman ta fara aiki a manyan makarantu a matsayin farfesa a Sashen Fasaha na Liberal a Kwalejin Berkeley da ke New York. &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#124; North Carolina Central University |url=https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=www.nccu.edu}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching &quot;NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#x7C; North Carolina Central University&quot;]. ''www.nccu.edu''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;walden&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monique Holsey-Hyman |url=https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=Walden University}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman &quot;Monique Holsey-Hyman&quot;]. ''Walden University''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.waldenu.edu/why-walden/faculty/monique-holsey-hyman Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan koyarwa a Berkeley, Holsey-Hyman ta koma North Carolina don yin aiki a fannin gudanar da harkokin ilimi a Jami'ar Shaw, wata kwaleji [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|ta baƙar fata a tarihi]] a Raleigh . &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot; /&gt; A Shaw, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da manhaja, mataimakiya ta musamman ga mataimakin shugaban harkokin ilimi don riƙewa da ɗaukar ma'aikata, kuma ta yi aiki don amincewa da kuma aiwatar da shirin Digiri na farko na Aikin Jama'a na jami'ar. &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot; /&gt;

A shekarar 2016, Holsey-Hyman ta shiga jami'a a Jami'ar North Carolina Central, kuma ta zama mataimakiyar farfesa a Sashen Aikin Jama'a a shekarar 2018. &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#124; North Carolina Central University |url=https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=www.nccu.edu}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching &quot;NCCU Professors Honored for Excellence in Teaching &amp;#x7C; North Carolina Central University&quot;]. ''www.nccu.edu''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.nccu.edu/news/nccu-professors-honored-excellence-teaching Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Tsarin Ilimi Mai Inganci na jami'ar, Majalisar Dattawan Malamai, da kwamitoci da dama a sashen ayyukan zamantakewa. &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot; /&gt; Holsey-Hyman kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga malamai ga Phi Alpha . &lt;ref name=&quot;nccu&quot; /&gt;

A shekarar 2017, an kuma ba ta lambar yabo ta Mace ta Shekara ta ''Spectacular Magazine'' saboda aikinta a fannin ilimi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dr. Moniques Holsey-Hyman Wins Woman of the Year Award in Education |url=https://shawu.edu/Holsey-Hyman_Wins_Woman_of_the_Year_Award_in_Education_Award.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184850/https://shawu.edu/Holsey-Hyman_Wins_Woman_of_the_Year_Award_in_Education_Award.aspx |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=shawu.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Siyasa ===
A shekarar 2022, an zaɓi Holsey-Hyman don kammala wa'adin Kansila Charlie Reece na Majalisar Birnin Durham, wanda kuma ya yi murabus ya koma [[Faris|Paris]] .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Petrow-Cohen |first=Caroline |date=Mar 2, 2022 |title=Charlie Reece Bids Adieu to Durham City Council |url=https://indyweek.com/news/ninth-street-journal/charlie-reece-bids-adieu-to-durham-council/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184847/https://indyweek.com/news/ninth-street-journal/charlie-reece-bids-adieu-to-durham-council/ |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=INDY Week}}&lt;/ref&gt; An zaɓe ta ne gaba ɗaya daga cikin 'yan takara sama da ashirin da suka nemi cike gurbin da babu kowa a majalisar birnin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 5, 2022 |title=Dr. Monique Holsey-Hyman voted into vacant spot on Durham City Council |url=https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/dr-monique-holsey-hyman-voted-into-vacant-spot-on-durham-city-council/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184848/https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/dr-monique-holsey-hyman-voted-into-vacant-spot-on-durham-city-council/ |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rantsar da ita a matsayin mukaddashi a ranar 11 ga Mayu, 2022. &lt;ref name=&quot;indyweek&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Geller |first=Lena |date=May 18, 2022 |title=Meet Durham's Newest City Council Member |url=https://indyweek.com/news/durham/new-durham-council-member-holsey-hyman/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://indyweek.com/news/durham/new-durham-council-member-holsey-hyman/ |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=INDY Week}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Magajin Gari Elaine O'Neal ce ta naɗa ta domin ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Aiwatar da Gidaje Masu Sauƙi, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara ga Jama'a, Ƙungiyar Aiki ta Durham-Chapel Hill-Orange, Kwamitin Majalisar Dokoki, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara ga Nishaɗi na Arewa maso Gabas, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara ga Nishaɗi, Ƙungiyoyin 'Yan'uwa na Durham, da kuma Kwamitin Daraktocin Ƙungiyar Upper Neuse River Basin. &lt;ref name=&quot;durham&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monique Holsey-Hyman &amp;#124; Durham, NC |url=https://www.durhamnc.gov/4797/Monique-Holsey-Hyman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.durhamnc.gov/4797/Monique-Holsey-Hyman |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=www.durhamnc.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;indyweek&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Geller |first=Lena |date=May 18, 2022 |title=Meet Durham's Newest City Council Member |url=https://indyweek.com/news/durham/new-durham-council-member-holsey-hyman/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://indyweek.com/news/durham/new-durham-council-member-holsey-hyman/ |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=INDY Week}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFGeller2022&quot;&gt;Geller, Lena (May 18, 2022). [https://indyweek.com/news/durham/new-durham-council-member-holsey-hyman/ &quot;Meet Durham's Newest City Council Member&quot;]. ''INDY Week''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://indyweek.com/news/durham/new-durham-council-member-holsey-hyman/ Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; O'Neal kuma ta naɗa ta don ta yi aiki a matsayin madadin Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Ayyukan Marasa Gidaje, Kwamitin Hulɗa da Dan Adam, Kwamitin Gundumar Hadin Gwiwa, da kuma kwamitin Cibiyar Kamfanonin Yankin Triangle J na Majalisar Gwamnati. &lt;ref name=&quot;durham&quot; /&gt;

Holsey-Hyman kuma yana aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar al'umma ta HBCUgrowBoard. &lt;ref name=&quot;durham&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monique Holsey-Hyman &amp;#124; Durham, NC |url=https://www.durhamnc.gov/4797/Monique-Holsey-Hyman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.durhamnc.gov/4797/Monique-Holsey-Hyman |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=Feb 2, 2023 |website=www.durhamnc.gov}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.durhamnc.gov/4797/Monique-Holsey-Hyman &quot;Monique Holsey-Hyman &amp;#x7C; Durham, NC&quot;]. ''www.durhamnc.gov''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184849/https://www.durhamnc.gov/4797/Monique-Holsey-Hyman Archived] from the original on February 2, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 2,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2023, Holsey-Hyman ta kaɗa ƙuri'a kan hana haɗa fili mai faɗin eka 111 a Kudu maso Gabashin Durham don gina gidaje. &lt;ref name=&quot;9thstreet&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Jenna |date=February 16, 2023 |title=New annexations push city boundaries a little further into Durham County |url=https://9thstreetjournal.org/2023/02/16/with-new-annexations-city-boundaries-push-a-little-further-into-durham-county/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328173859/https://9thstreetjournal.org/2023/02/16/with-new-annexations-city-boundaries-push-a-little-further-into-durham-county/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magajin Gari Elaine O'Neal da 'yar Majalisar DeDreana Freeman suma sun kaɗa ƙuri'a kan haɗa fili. &lt;ref name=&quot;9thstreet&quot; /&gt; Shirin ya amince, inda 'yan majalisar guda huɗu suka kaɗa ƙuri'a don goyon bayan aikin, wanda ya kai ga haɗa filaye ashirin da huɗu a Kudu maso Gabashin Durham don gina gidaje har zuwa 545. &lt;ref name=&quot;9thstreet&quot; /&gt;

==== Zarge-zargen kwace da bincike ====
A ranar 23 ga Maris, 2023, magajin garin Durham Elaine O'Neal ta karanta wata sanarwa a wani taron majalisar birnin daga Lauya Kimberly Rehberg, wacce ta zargi wani dan majalisar birnin Durham da bayar da kuri'arsu don goyon bayan aikin wani mai ginin gidaje a madadin gudummawar yakin neman zabe. &lt;ref name=&quot;cbs17&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2023 |title=SBI investigates claims against Durham council member |url=https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/sbi-asked-to-investigate-allegations-against-durham-city-council-member/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013950/https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/sbi-asked-to-investigate-allegations-against-durham-city-council-member/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rehberg ta bayyana cewa yayin da ta gabatar da wannan zargi a hukumance a ranar 23 ga Maris, ta sanar da majalisar damuwarta a ranar 13 ga Maris. &lt;ref name=&quot;cbs17&quot; /&gt; O'Neal ba ta bayyana asalin wanda ake zargi ba, amma wasu 'yan majalisar daga baya sun tabbatar da cewa Holsey-Hyman ne wanda ake zargi. &lt;ref name=&quot;cbs17&quot; /&gt;

An kuma yi zargin cewa Holsey-Hyman ta yi amfani da taimakon ma'aikacin birni don aikin yakin neman zabenta yayin da ma'aikacin ke aiki a kan lokacin birni, don haka ana biyan ta da kuɗin gwamnati. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2023 |title=City attorney: Durham councilwoman could face extortion charge if claims are true |url=https://www.wral.com/durham-county-da-asks-sbi-to-investigate-allegations-city-council-member-offered-developer/20783044/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013949/https://www.wral.com/durham-county-da-asks-sbi-to-investigate-allegations-city-council-member-offered-developer/20783044/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai abubuwa biyu daban-daban da suka shafi ma'aikatan birni da aikin kamfen, ɗaya a watan Satumba na 2022 da ɗaya a watan Janairu na 2023. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral&quot; /&gt; Majalisar birnin ta yi ƙoƙarin sukarta game da waɗannan abubuwan. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral&quot; /&gt; A martanin da ta mayar kan zargin da aka yi wa lamarin a watan Satumba, Holsey-Hyman ta kare kanta, tana mai cewa ba ta san da ƙa'idojin da suka shafi ma'aikatan ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 23, 2023 |title=Profanity-filled outburst follows criminal allegations at Durham council meeting |url=https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013955/https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; A martanin da ta mayar kan lamarin a watan Janairu, ta ce ma'aikacin ya sami izinin yin aikin sa kai a gare ta ta hannun ma'aikatar albarkatun ɗan adam ta birnin. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 24, 2023 |title=Durham City Councilmember accused of extortion by real estate developer |url=https://abc11.com/politics-durham-city-council-extortion-real-estate-developer/13003620/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328172623/https://abc11.com/politics-durham-city-council-extortion-real-estate-developer/13003620/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023 |website=ABC11 Raleigh-Durham}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin jawabinta na kariya, Holsey-Hyman ta ce, &quot;Na fuskanci guguwa da yawa. Amma ba a taɓa tambayar halina ba.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot; /&gt; An yi wa ma'aikacin birnin horo bisa ga shiga cikin ayyukan kamfen a madadin Holsey-Hyman yayin da yake aiki da kuma amfani da albarkatun birni. &lt;ref name=&quot;indy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2023 |title=Durham Council Member Monique Holsey-Hyman is the Target of an Extortion Probe |url=https://indyweek.com/news/durham/durham-council-member-monique-holsey-hyman-is-the-target-of-an-extortion-probe/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328015658/https://indyweek.com/news/durham/durham-council-member-monique-holsey-hyman-is-the-target-of-an-extortion-probe/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; 'Yar majalisar dokoki DeDreana Freeman ta goyi bayan Holsey-Hyman kan zarge-zargen ma'aikacin, tana mai iƙirarin cewa jinsi na iya taka rawa a yadda majalisar birnin ke mayar da martani. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot; /&gt;

Kansila Jillian Johnson ta gabatar da wani kudiri na la'antar Holsey-Hyman saboda zarge-zargen ma'aikacin, wanda aka shirya za a kaɗa ƙuri'a a kansa a taron majalisar birnin a ranar 3 ga Afrilu. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 23, 2023 |title=Profanity-filled outburst follows criminal allegations at Durham council meeting |url=https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013955/https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ &quot;Profanity-filled outburst follows criminal allegations at Durham council meeting&quot;]. March 23, 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013955/https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ Archived] from the original on March 28, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Johnson ya yi wata sanarwa yana mai cewa zarge-zargen &quot;sun yi daidai da dukkan majalisarmu, birninmu, alƙawarinmu ga al'ummarmu, da kuma yadda muke amfani da ikonmu da ikonmu.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot; /&gt;

Magajin Gari O'Neal ta tuntubi Makarantar Gwamnati ta UNC don neman jagora kan yadda majalisar za ta mayar da martani ga zarge-zargen da ake yi wa wani memba na majalisar. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 23, 2023 |title=Profanity-filled outburst follows criminal allegations at Durham council meeting |url=https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013955/https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ &quot;Profanity-filled outburst follows criminal allegations at Durham council meeting&quot;]. March 23, 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013955/https://www.wral.com/profanity-filled-outburst-follows-criminal-allegations-at-durham-council-meeting/20777591/ Archived] from the original on March 28, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi kira ga Ofishin Bincike na Jihar North Carolina da ya bude bincike kan zarge-zargen da ake yi wa Holsey-Hyman kuma ta fitar da wata sanarwa tana mai cewa, &quot;yarjejeniyar da yawancin 'yan majalisar birnin suka cimma ita ce cewa zarge-zargen suna da matukar tayar da hankali, dole ne a dauki su da muhimmanci kuma, idan gaskiya ne, na iya zama aikata laifuka kuma suna iya haifar da sakamako na laifi.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;wral2&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;cbs17&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2023 |title=SBI investigates claims against Durham council member |url=https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/sbi-asked-to-investigate-allegations-against-durham-city-council-member/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013950/https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/sbi-asked-to-investigate-allegations-against-durham-city-council-member/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/sbi-asked-to-investigate-allegations-against-durham-city-council-member/ &quot;SBI investigates claims against Durham council member&quot;]. March 27, 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013950/https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/sbi-asked-to-investigate-allegations-against-durham-city-council-member/ Archived] from the original on March 28, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Idan zarge-zargen gaskiya ne, Holsey-Hyman zai iya fuskantar tuhumar cin hanci. &lt;ref name=&quot;wral&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2023 |title=City attorney: Durham councilwoman could face extortion charge if claims are true |url=https://www.wral.com/durham-county-da-asks-sbi-to-investigate-allegations-city-council-member-offered-developer/20783044/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013949/https://www.wral.com/durham-county-da-asks-sbi-to-investigate-allegations-city-council-member-offered-developer/20783044/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.wral.com/durham-county-da-asks-sbi-to-investigate-allegations-city-council-member-offered-developer/20783044/ &quot;City attorney: Durham councilwoman could face extortion charge if claims are true&quot;]. March 27, 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328013949/https://www.wral.com/durham-county-da-asks-sbi-to-investigate-allegations-city-council-member-offered-developer/20783044/ Archived] from the original on March 28, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 27 ga Maris, 2023, Lauyan Gundumar Durham Satana Deberry ta sanar da cewa an nemi Ofishin Jiha ya binciki zarge-zargen da aka yi wa wani memba na Majalisar Birnin Durham. &lt;ref name=&quot;indy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2023 |title=Durham Council Member Monique Holsey-Hyman is the Target of an Extortion Probe |url=https://indyweek.com/news/durham/durham-council-member-monique-holsey-hyman-is-the-target-of-an-extortion-probe/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328015658/https://indyweek.com/news/durham/durham-council-member-monique-holsey-hyman-is-the-target-of-an-extortion-probe/ |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=March 28, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://indyweek.com/news/durham/durham-council-member-monique-holsey-hyman-is-the-target-of-an-extortion-probe/ &quot;Durham Council Member Monique Holsey-Hyman is the Target of an Extortion Probe&quot;]. March 28, 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328015658/https://indyweek.com/news/durham/durham-council-member-monique-holsey-hyman-is-the-target-of-an-extortion-probe/ Archived] from the original on March 28, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A taron Majalisar Birnin Durham a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2023, inda majalisar ta shirya kaɗa ƙuri'a kan sukar Holsey-Hyman, ƙuri'ar ba ta gudana ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2023 |title=Durham City Council does not discuss censure of member while investigation continues |url=https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/durham-city-council-does-not-discuss-censure-of-member-while-investigation-continues/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411101938/https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/durham-county-news/durham-city-council-does-not-discuss-censure-of-member-while-investigation-continues/ |archive-date=April 11, 2023 |access-date=July 26, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2023 |title=Durham Council does not vote to censure fellow council member under investigation |url=https://abc11.com/durham-city-council-censure-monique-holsey-hyman-extortion-accusation/13081521/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606054200/https://abc11.com/durham-city-council-censure-monique-holsey-hyman-extortion-accusation/13081521/ |archive-date=June 6, 2023 |access-date=July 26, 2023 |website=ABC11 Raleigh-Durham}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin 2023, lauyan birnin Durham Kimberly Rehberg, bisa ga buƙatar Holsey-Hyman, O'Neal, da Freeman, ta aika da takardar shaida ga Gidauniyar Wikimedia tana neman a bayyana sunayen editocin Wikipedia guda uku waɗanda suka yi aiki kan labaran 'yan siyasa da za a bayyana, tare da sauye-sauyen da aka nema a yi wa labaran da aka ambata a sama. Musamman Holsey-Hyman ta yi jayayya game da labarinta game da zarge-zargen cin hanci da rashawa da ake yi mata, tana mai cewa zarge-zargen &quot;ƙirƙira ne&quot;. Sakamakon haka, ta nemi a ba ta sunayen editocin Wikipedia guda biyu da aka ambata a baya - ɗaya, wanda ya ƙirƙiri labarinta kuma ya rubuta yawancin abubuwan da ke ciki, da kuma wani, wanda &quot;ya dage kan adana hanyar haɗi zuwa Kansilan Birnin Durham Jillian Johnson &quot;. An kuma nemi Freeman ta bayyana sunan mai amfani da ya ƙirƙiri shafin Holsey-Hyman, wadda ta bayyana cewa ta ji &quot;bakin ciki sosai&quot; game da gaskiyar cewa mai amfani ya ƙirƙiri labaran Holsey-Hyman da Freeman. An ƙi buƙatun.

A watan Satumba na 2023, Ofishin Bincike na Jihar North Carolina ya kammala bincikensa, inda ya gano cewa babu wata shaida da ke goyon bayan zargin cin hanci da rashawa da ake yi wa Holsey-Hyman. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Régine Laurent</title>
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{{Databox}}
'''Régine Laurent''' OQ (an haife ta a shekara ta 1957) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce [[Haitian Kanada|'yar ƙasar Haiti 'yar ƙasar Kanada]] wacce daga shekarar 1980 ta shafe shekaru 35 tana aiki a Asibitin Santa-Cabrini da ke [[Montréal|Montreal]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;devoir&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nadeau, Jessica |date=11 May 2015 |title=À l'assaut de &quot;l'omertà&quot; dans le réseau de la santé |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/societe/sante/439706/regine-laurent-veut-s-attaquer-a-l-omerta-dans-le-reseau-de-la-sante |access-date=20 February 2020 |publisher=Le Devoir |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga 2009 zuwa 2017, a matsayinta na mace baƙar fata ta farko da ta jagoranci ƙungiyar Fédération Interprofessionnelle de la santé du Québec (FlQ), ƙungiyar ƙwadago don ayyukan kiwon lafiya a [[Kebek (lardi)|lardin Quebec]], ta yi nasarar tattaunawa kan ingantattun yanayi ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya daga gwamnatin lardin. &lt;ref name=&quot;presse&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lacoursière, Ariane |date=8 June 2019 |title=Portrait de Régine Laurent: &quot;Je lui dois ça&quot; |url=https://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/201906/07/01-5229336-portrait-de-regine-laurent-je-lui-dois-ca.php |access-date=20 February 2020 |publisher=La Presse |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Mayu na 2019, an naɗa ta shugabar Hukumar Musamman ta Quebec kan Haƙƙoƙin Kare Yara da Matasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;csdepj&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 February 2020 |title=Une Volonté de faire pour nos enfants |url=https://www.csdepj.gouv.qc.ca/home/?L=1 |access-date=20 February 2020 |publisher=Gouvernement du Québec |language= |archive-date=13 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213135228/https://www.csdepj.gouv.qc.ca/home/?L=1 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haife ta a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 1957 a [[Port-au-Prince]], Haiti, &lt;ref name=&quot;devoir&quot;/&gt; An haifi Régine Laurent a wani gida mai arziki tare da 'yan'uwanta maza biyu. Mahaifinta lauya ne kuma mahaifiyarta, malamar makaranta. Lokacin da take da shekaru 11, iyalin sun yi ƙaura zuwa Kanada, suka zauna a [[Montréal|Montreal]] . Yayin da take karatun aikin jinya a Cégep, ta haifi ɗanta na fari yana da shekaru 18. &lt;ref name=&quot;presse&quot;/&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Bayan ta sami takardar shaidar kammala karatunta a shekarar 1979, an ɗauke ta aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a Asibitin Santa Cabrini a watan Fabrairun 1980, bayan haka ta haifi ɗanta na biyu. Ta yi aiki a sassa da dama, ciki har da sashen haihuwa wanda take so. Lokacin da ba ta sami damar yin hutun bazara a kusa da 1983 ba, ta shiga ƙungiyar likitocin asibitin, ta zama shugabar asibitin a 1985. A shekarun 1990, ta yi aiki a wurare daban-daban na ƙungiyar. Ta bar abokin aikinta, tana renon 'ya'yanta su kaɗai tare da taimakon mahaifiyarta. A shekarar 2004, Laurent ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar likitocin jinya Alliance Interprofessionnelle de Montréal (AIM), matsayin da ta ci gaba da riƙewa har zuwa 2009. Saboda haka, ta jagoranci ƙungiyar ma'aikata tare da mambobi kusan 6,000, ciki har da ma'aikatan jinya da masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali daga Montreal, Montérégie da Laval . [1] A shekarar 2009, an zaɓe ta shugabar ƙungiyar Fédération Interprofessionnelle de la santé du Québec. [2]

Ayyukanta a matsayinta na mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata sun haɗa da yajin aikin 1989 da kuma sama da duka 1999, wanda ya nuna mahimmancin kiyaye kwanciyar hankali a sassan lafiya da kuma kafa hangen nesa na zamani a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata ga ma'aikatan jinya, wato mayar da hankali kan marasa lafiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;presse&quot;/&gt;

A watan Mayu na shekarar 2019, an nada Régine Laurent a matsayin shugabar Hukumar Musamman ta Quebec kan Hakkokin Yara da Matasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;csdepj&quot;/&gt;

== Ganewa ==
Bayan Laurent ya yi ritaya daga FlQ a shekarar 2017, 'yan Majalisar Dokokin Kasa ta Quebec sun yaba wa &quot;aiki na musamman na Régine Laurent&quot; a cikin wani sako da ya kammala da cewa: &quot;A ƙarshe, ta amince da gudunmawar Régine Laurent ga ci gaban daidaito ga mata, mutane daga al'ummomi daban-daban na al'adu da ma'aikata a cikin al'ummarmu.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=A motion to pay tribute to Régine Laurent's work as she heads into retirement |url=http://www.fiqsante.qc.ca/en/2017/11/29/a-motion-to-pay-tribute-to-regine-laurents-work-as-she-heads-into-retirement/ |access-date=20 February 2020 |publisher=fiq |language= |archive-date=20 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220154005/http://www.fiqsante.qc.ca/en/2017/11/29/a-motion-to-pay-tribute-to-regine-laurents-work-as-she-heads-into-retirement/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; An nada Laurent a matsayin Jami'in Hukumar Kula da Al'adu ta Kasa ta Quebec a shekarar 2024. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Régine Laurent: Officière (2024) |url=https://www.ordre-national.gouv.qc.ca/membres/membre-en.asp?id=4000 |publisher=National Order of Quebec}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1957]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rose McNamara</title>
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'''Rose McNamara''' (10 Satumba 1885 - 6 Maris 1957) 'Yar asalin ƙasar Ireland ce, 'yar jam'iyyar Republican, kuma Mataimakiyar Kwamanda a lokacin tashin Ista na 1916.

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Rose Anne McNamara ga Benjamin McNamara, direban mota, da Johanna Mangan, a lamba 8 Denmark Street, [[Dublin]], a ranar 10 ga Satumba, 1885. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=General Registrar's Office |url=https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/details-civil/cc94551151859 |access-date=10 September 2017 |website=IrishGenealogy.ie |publisher= |archive-date=19 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619200646/https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/captcha.jsp |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinta ya mutu a shekara ta 1898. Rose tana da shekaru 15 kacal &lt;ref name=&quot;CSO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rose McNamara (1885-1957) |url=http://cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-1916/1916irl/cpr/cwr/rmcn/ |publisher=Central Statistics Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Marie Perolz]] ta gabatar da McNamara ga Inghinidhe na hÉireann a kusa da 1906. 'Yar'uwar Perolz Delia 'yar'uwarta ce. Delia ta auri Matthew McNamara. McNamara ta shiga Sinn Féin kuma ta zama memba na Cumann na mBan lokacin da aka kafa ta daga Inghinidhe na hÉireann. Tare da su ta yi tattaki a cikin faretin jama'a, ta gudanar da zanga-zanga, ta koyi yin kayan ado na filin wasa kuma ta tara kuɗi don harsasai da kayan aiki ga 'Yan Agajin Gaggawa na Irish . &lt;ref name=&quot;CSO&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Statement&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Witness statement for Rose McNamara |url=http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0482.pdf |publisher=Bureau of Military History}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Juyin Juya Hali ==
A ranar Juma'a Mai Tsarki ta 1916, a shirye-shiryen bikin Easter Rising, McNamara da sauran 'yan Cumann sun yi kayan miya na filin wasa. A ranar Litinin, reshenta daga Cumann na mBan ya haɗu da cikakken kayan aiki zuwa Emerald Square inda aka ba su umarninsu daga Éamonn Ceannt . Rose ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Kwamandan ƙungiyar da ta yi aiki a sansanin soja na Marrowbone Lane, wanda ke da hedikwata a Jameson's Distillery . &lt;ref name=&quot;CSO&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Her&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Five women you may not know |url=http://www.her.ie/life/easter-rising-five-women-you-may-not-know-served-in-the-rebellion/28873 |access-date=2026-03-08 |archive-date=2017-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212162749/https://www.her.ie/life/easter-rising-five-women-you-may-not-know-served-in-the-rebellion/28873 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;   &lt;ref name=&quot;details&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Greg Daly |date=31 August 2023 |title=The devil is in the detail |url=http://www.irishcatholic.ie/article/devil-detail}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta yi aikin Rising da ayyuka da dama, tana aiki a matsayin mai kula da maza, tana aiki a matsayin mai leƙen asiri ga maharba da kuma tabbatar da wuraren kula da waɗanda suka ji rauni. A ranar Lahadi, 30 ga Afrilu, an sanar da su game da mika wuya. McNamara, ta ƙi damar barin a matsayin wani ɓangare na matan da aka ɗauke su ba su da muhimmanci ga Birtaniya waɗanda suka yarda da mika wuya, kuma ita da sauran 'yan Cumann na mBan sun yi tattaki tsakanin mazan 'Yan Sa-kai kuma aka kama su aka tsare su da kyau. &lt;ref name=&quot;CSO&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Her&quot;/&gt;   &lt;ref name=&quot;details&quot;/&gt;

''&quot;A kan hanyarmu ta zuwa Richmond Barracks muna bayan Kwamanda Thomas McDonagh da Manjo McBride . Lokacin da muka isa wani wuri kusa da Kilmainham, Manjo McBride da T. McDonagh suka ce: &quot;Haka ne, 'yan mata, ku yi waƙa,&quot; sai Manjo McBride ya ce mini: &quot;Ku yi waƙa, 'yan mata. Za ku yi lafiya. Za ku fita gobe&quot;, sai na amsa &quot;kuma fa?&quot; yana nufin dukkan mazan. Ya ce, cikin baƙin ciki, &quot;Ah a'a. Ba za mu fita ba. Za a harbe mu&quot;.''

A lokacin da suke kurkuku a Kilmainham Gaol, sun ji ana kashe mutanen ta hanyar harbin bindiga kamar yadda McBride ya annabta. &lt;ref name=&quot;CSO&quot;/&gt;

Bayan haka, membobin Cumann sun yi takaici amma sun tattara kuɗi don waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin fursunan. A shekarar 1917, McNamarra ta zama Laftanar Na Farko na reshenta. An sake fara atisaye da horo na soja. A shekarar 1918, reshen, ciki har da McNamara, ya shiga cikin ayyukan hana tilasta wa fursunoni shiga soja. &lt;ref name=&quot;Statement&quot;/&gt;

A lokacin Yaƙin 'Yancin Kan Ireland, McNamara ta yi aiki tare da sauran mata wajen tattara kuɗi, halartar jana'iza da sauran faretin, da kuma zanga-zanga a wuraren da fursunoni ke yajin cin abinci. A shekarar 1919, McNamara ta zama Kyaftin a reshenta na Cumann na mBan. Aikinta shi ne tabbatar da cewa an killace ma'aikatan jinya a tashoshin agajin gaggawa a lokacin da aka shirya kai musu harin kwanton bauna. An sanar da ita a gaba don tabbatar da cewa gidan ya shirya don karɓar duk wani maza da ya ji rauni. Kwamanda Joe O'Connor da Seán Guilfoyle suna aiki tare da ita kan waɗannan. [1]

A Yaƙin Basasa na Ireland, ta yi aiki a ƙarƙashin [[Constance Markievicz|Countess Markievicz]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;CSO&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Her&quot;/&gt; Ta halarci taron da aka yi a Kotunan Huɗu inda ɓangarorin Pro da Anti-Treaty suka fafata. McNamara tana ɓangaren Anti-Treaty. Ta samo wa mutanen abubuwan sha kuma ta kai musu saƙonni. Washegari aka ba ta umarni ta yi aiki a Ƙungiyar Ayyuka ta United. Faɗa ya ci gaba a birnin cikin dare. &lt;ref name=&quot;Statement&quot;/&gt;

Rose McNamara ta mutu a ranar 6 ga Maris 1957. &lt;ref name=&quot;CSO&quot;/&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1957]]
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    <title>María Teresa León</title>
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'''María Teresa León Goyri''' (31 ga Oktoban shekarar 1903 - 13 ga Disamban shekarar 1988) marubuciya ce ta Mutanen Espanya, mai fafutuka kuma jakadan al'adu. An haife ta ne a Logroño, ita ce 'yar'uwar' yar mata kuma marubuciya ta Mutanen Espanya María Goyri (matar Ramón Menéndez Pidal). Ita kanta ta auri mawaki na Mutanen Espanya Rafael Alberti . Ta ba da gudummawa da yawa ga jaridar Diario de Burgos kuma ta buga littattafan yara Cuentos para soñar da La bella del mal amor .

== Rayuwa ==
Yar Angel León Lores, wani kwamandan a cikin sojojin Spain da Oliva Goyri, María Teresa ta girma a cikin iyali mai arziki cike da littattafai kuma hakan yana ci gaba da tafiya. Yayinda take yarinya ta zauna a [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]] da Burgos tana karatun littattafan Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas da Benito Pérez Galdós . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Calero |first=Rafa |date=2009-08-11 |title=Margen Izquierda: María Teresa León: Melancolía en la memoria |url=https://mimargenizquierda.blogspot.com/2009/08/maria-teresa-leon-melancolia-en-la.html |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Margen Izquierda}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda yanayin tafiye-tafiye na aikin mahaifinta, nomadism yana da tasiri sosai a rayuwarta. Mahaifiyarta, Oliva Goyri, wata mace mai ban sha'awa a zamaninta, ta tura ta karatu a Institución Libre de Enseñanza (Institución Libre de Inseñanza), inda kawunta, María Goyri ta koyar. Ta sami BA a [[Falsafa]] da Harafi .

A shekara ta 1920, lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha shida, ta auri Gonzalo de Sebastián Alfaro kuma tana da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Gonzalo (an haife ta 1921) da Enrique (an haifu ta 1925). Aure bai daɗe ba, ta rasa kula da 'ya'yanta biyu kuma ta koma gidan iyalinta a Burgos. A can ta fara ba da gudummawa ga labarai ga Diario de Burgos wanda ke hulɗa da al'amuran yanzu, al'adu, da haƙƙin mata. Ta rubuta a karkashin sunan ''Isabel Inghirami'', jarumi na Gabriele d'Annunzio's Forse che sì, forse che no (Wataƙila a'a, Wataƙila a'u). Ta yi ziyararta ta farko zuwa [[Argentina]] a 1928. A shekara ta 1929 ta sadu da mawaki Rafael Alberti wanda zai zama abokinta na rayuwa. Sun yi aure a wani bikin farar hula a [[Mayorka|Mallorca]] a 1932. A wannan shekarar Patronato del Centro para Ampliación de Estudios (Board for Advanced Studies) ya ba ta tallafi don nazarin ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Turai. Ta yi tafiya zuwa [[Berlin]], [[Beljik|Belgium]], [[Denmark]], [[Holand|Netherlands]], [[Norway]] da [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] tare da saduwa da abin da ake kira &quot;marubutan juyin juya hali&quot; kuma ta rubuta labarai da yawa waɗanda aka buga a El Heraldo na Madrid . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maria Teresa Leon - Riojanas Ilustres |url=http://www.valvanera.com/rileon.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130211516/http://www.valvanera.com/rileon.htm |archive-date=30 November 2017 |access-date=12 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 1933 María da Alberti sun kafa mujallar Octubre kuma a cikin 1934 ta koma [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] don halartar &quot;Taron farko na Marubutan Soviet&quot; inda ta sadu da Maxim Gorki, André Malraux da Erwin Piscator da sauransu. Daga baya a wannan shekarar ta tafi [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] don tara kudade ga ma'aikatan da ta yi wa tashin hankali na ma'aikatan ma'adinai na Asturian a watan ''Oktoba'' na shekara ta 1934 wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya zama tawaye da aka yi wa Gwamnatin Spain wanda ya ƙare da mutuwar mutane 2,000 ciki har da firistoci, ma'aikatan hakar ma'adanai da ma'aikatan soja. Wannan martani ya haifar da hadin gwiwa bangarori daban-daban na hagu wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Popular Front . 

== Yaƙin basasar Spain ==
A ranar 18 ga Yulin 1936 María da Rafael suna Ibiza lokacin da Yaƙin basasar Spain ya ɓarke. Sun koma [[Madrid]] inda ta zama sakatariyar Alliance of Antifascist Intellectuals kuma ta kafa mujallar, El Mono Azul (The Blue Overall) wacce ta fito a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta 1936. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lisa A. Kirschenbaum |date=2017 |title=The Russian Revolution and Spanish Communists, 1931–5 |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0022009417723974 |journal=Journal of Contemporary History |volume=52 |issue=4 |page=895 |doi=10.1177/0022009417723974 |s2cid=159939003 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masu ba da gudummawa sun haɗa da Manuel Altolaguirre, [[Antonio Aparicio (writer)|Antonio Aparicio]], Vicente Aleixandre, José Bergamin, Luis Cernuda, Antonio Machado, Ramón J. Sender, Lorenzo Varela, María Zambrano da marubuta da yawa waɗanda ba na Spain ba kamar John Dos Passos, Vicente Huidobro, André Malraux da [[Pablo Neruda]]. Littafin ya kasance har zuwa fitowar arba'in da bakwai, kusan dukkanin lokacin yakin basasa.

Ta yi aiki a Junta de Defensa y Protección del Tesoro Artístico Nacional (Board of Defense and Protection of National Artistic Heritage) wanda ya ceci fasahar Museo del Prado, Palacio Real, Palacio Liria da El Escorial daga bama-bamai a lokacin yakin. Da farko an adana fasahar a cikin Prado, amma bayan da bama-bamai tara suka kai tsaye a Prado a ƙarshen Nuwamba, María, tare da mijinta Rafi'il sun jagoranci kwashewar Prado a ranar 3 ga Disamba tare da jigilar motoci masu ɓoye zuwa wani wuri mai aminci a [[Valencia]].&lt;ref&gt;Rojo y Azul: La Guerra Civil Española {{Cite web |title=Rojo y Azul - la Guerra Civil Española en línea |url=http://www.rojoyazul.net/civilis/cultura/salvamento_tesoro.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127045536/http://www.rojoyazul.net/civilis/cultura/salvamento_tesoro.htm |archive-date=27 November 2010 |access-date=14 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael daga baya ya rubuta Noche de guerra en el Museo del Prado (Night of War a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Prado), wasan kwaikwayon da haruffa a cikin zane-zanen [[Francisco Goya|Goya]] suka zo rayuwa don kare birnin Madrid da aka kewaye. An fara wasan ne a ''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Piccolo'' a [[Rum|Roma]] a 1973 kuma a gidan wasan kwaikwayon María Guerrero, Madrid a 1977. &lt;ref&gt;Sociedad Estatal de Conmemoraciones Culturales, (28 November 2003) {{Cite web |title=Noche de Guerra en el Museo del Prado |url=http://www.secc.es/nota_prensa.cfm?id=269 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918084755/http://secc.es/nota_prensa.cfm?id=269 |archive-date=18 September 2010 |access-date=25 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta rubuta &quot;Sun sadaukar da mu. Mu Spain ne tare da tufafi da kawuna da aka ɗauke su da tsawo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=No Beauty in Defeat |url=https://www.jacobinmag.com/2019/04/spain-civil-war-franco-nationalist-fascism}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fitarwa (1939-1977) ==
Bayan cin nasarar Jamhuriyar Republican sun gudu zuwa [[Faris|Paris]] ta hanyar [[Oran]]. Sun zauna a Paris har zuwa ƙarshen 1940 suna aiki a matsayin masu fassara don rediyo na Faransa kuma a matsayin masu sanar da watsa shirye-shiryen ''Paris-Mondial'' a Latin-Amurka. Bayan da Jamus ta mamaye Faransa sai suka tashi daga [[Marseille]] zuwa [[Buenos Aires]] a kan SS Mendoza inda suka sake haɗuwa da dubban sauran Mutanen Espanya waɗanda aka tilasta musu su gudu daga ƙasarsu. A nan ta yi amfani da gudun hijira don amfaninta don sukar kasar ta da kuma guje wa tantancewar Francoist. A shekara ta 1941 María ta haifi 'yarsu, mawaki [[Aitana Alberti León|Aitana]] . A cikin shekarun 1940 da 1950 ta ba da karatun aikinta a fa'idodi waɗanda suka taimaka wa wadanda ke fama da Nazi ko ma'aikatan yajin aiki a Argentina; da yawa daga cikinsu an shirya su tare da haɗin gwiwar soprano Isa Kremer wanda ya raira waƙa a waɗannan fa'idorin. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2025}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Tare da isowar Juan Perón tantancewar siyasa da fasaha da aka ɗora ta sa rayuwa ta ƙara wahala a Argentina kuma a cikin 1963, bayan zama shekaru 23 a Buenos Aires, sun koma Roma. A ranar 27 ga Afrilu 1977 sun koma Spain bayan kusan shekaru talatin da takwas na gudun hijira. María, duk da haka, tana fama da Cutar Alzheimer kuma ba ta iya gane ko da tsoffin abokanta mafi kusa ba. Ta shafe shekarunta na ƙarshe a wani asibiti a cikin duwatsu a wajen Madrid. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

Ta mutu a ranar 13 ga Disamba 1988 kuma an binne ta a makabartar da ke Majadahonda a wajen Madrid. A kan kabarinta akwai kalmomin da mijinta ya rubuta: &quot;Esta mañana, amor, tenemos veinte años&quot; (Yauye, soyayya, muna da shekaru ashirin). María Teresa León koyaushe tana ɗauke da ƙaunarta ga Gonzalo da Enrique, 'ya'yanta na farko. A rayuwarta ta sha wahala daga rabuwa da 'yan gudun hijira biyu suka haifar: na farko daga' ya'yanta, sannan daga kasar ta.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1988]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1903]]</text>
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'''María Teresa León Goyri''' (31 ga Oktoban shekarar 1903 - 13 ga Disamban shekarar 1988) marubuciya ce ta Mutanen Espanya, mai fafutuka kuma jakadan al'adu. An kuma haife ta ne a Logroño, ita ce 'yar'uwar' yar mata kuma marubuciya ta Mutanen Espanya María Goyri (matar Ramón Menéndez Pidal). Ita kanta ta auri mawaki na Mutanen Espanya Rafael Alberti . Ta ba da gudummawa da yawa ga jaridar Diario de Burgos kuma ta buga littattafan yara Cuentos para soñar da La bella del mal amor .

== Rayuwa ==
Yar Angel León Lores, wani kwamandan a cikin sojojin Spain da Oliva Goyri, María Teresa ta girma a cikin iyali mai arziki cike da littattafai kuma hakan yana ci gaba da tafiya. Yayinda take yarinya ta zauna a [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]] da Burgos tana karatun littattafan Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas da Benito Pérez Galdós . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Calero |first=Rafa |date=2009-08-11 |title=Margen Izquierda: María Teresa León: Melancolía en la memoria |url=https://mimargenizquierda.blogspot.com/2009/08/maria-teresa-leon-melancolia-en-la.html |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Margen Izquierda}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda yanayin tafiye-tafiye na aikin mahaifinta, nomadism yana da tasiri sosai a rayuwarta. Mahaifiyarta, Oliva Goyri, wata mace mai ban sha'awa a zamaninta, ta tura ta karatu a Institución Libre de Enseñanza (Institución Libre de Inseñanza), inda kawunta, María Goyri ta koyar. Ta sami BA a [[Falsafa]] da Harafi .

A shekara ta 1920, lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha shida, ta auri Gonzalo de Sebastián Alfaro kuma tana da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Gonzalo (an haife ta 1921) da Enrique (an haifu ta 1925). Aure bai daɗe ba, ta rasa kula da 'ya'yanta biyu kuma ta koma gidan iyalinta a Burgos. A can ta fara ba da gudummawa ga labarai ga Diario de Burgos wanda ke hulɗa da al'amuran yanzu, al'adu, da haƙƙin mata. Ta rubuta a karkashin sunan ''Isabel Inghirami'', jarumi na Gabriele d'Annunzio's Forse che sì, forse che no (Wataƙila a'a, Wataƙila a'u). Ta yi ziyararta ta farko zuwa [[Argentina]] a 1928. A shekara ta 1929 ta sadu da mawaki Rafael Alberti wanda zai zama abokinta na rayuwa. Sun yi aure a wani bikin farar hula a [[Mayorka|Mallorca]] a 1932. A wannan shekarar Patronato del Centro para Ampliación de Estudios (Board for Advanced Studies) ya ba ta tallafi don nazarin ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Turai. Ta yi tafiya zuwa [[Berlin]], [[Beljik|Belgium]], [[Denmark]], [[Holand|Netherlands]], [[Norway]] da [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] tare da saduwa da abin da ake kira &quot;marubutan juyin juya hali&quot; kuma ta rubuta labarai da yawa waɗanda aka buga a El Heraldo na Madrid . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maria Teresa Leon - Riojanas Ilustres |url=http://www.valvanera.com/rileon.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130211516/http://www.valvanera.com/rileon.htm |archive-date=30 November 2017 |access-date=12 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 1933 María da Alberti sun kafa mujallar Octubre kuma a cikin 1934 ta koma [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] don halartar &quot;Taron farko na Marubutan Soviet&quot; inda ta sadu da Maxim Gorki, André Malraux da Erwin Piscator da sauransu. Daga baya a wannan shekarar ta tafi [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] don tara kudade ga ma'aikatan da ta yi wa tashin hankali na ma'aikatan ma'adinai na Asturian a watan ''Oktoba'' na shekara ta 1934 wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya zama tawaye da aka yi wa Gwamnatin Spain wanda ya ƙare da mutuwar mutane 2,000 ciki har da firistoci, ma'aikatan hakar ma'adanai da ma'aikatan soja. Wannan martani ya haifar da hadin gwiwa bangarori daban-daban na hagu wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Popular Front . 

== Yaƙin basasar Spain ==
A ranar 18 ga Yulin 1936 María da Rafael suna Ibiza lokacin da Yaƙin basasar Spain ya ɓarke. Sun koma [[Madrid]] inda ta zama sakatariyar Alliance of Antifascist Intellectuals kuma ta kafa mujallar, El Mono Azul (The Blue Overall) wacce ta fito a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta 1936. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lisa A. Kirschenbaum |date=2017 |title=The Russian Revolution and Spanish Communists, 1931–5 |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0022009417723974 |journal=Journal of Contemporary History |volume=52 |issue=4 |page=895 |doi=10.1177/0022009417723974 |s2cid=159939003 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masu ba da gudummawa sun haɗa da Manuel Altolaguirre, [[Antonio Aparicio (writer)|Antonio Aparicio]], Vicente Aleixandre, José Bergamin, Luis Cernuda, Antonio Machado, Ramón J. Sender, Lorenzo Varela, María Zambrano da marubuta da yawa waɗanda ba na Spain ba kamar John Dos Passos, Vicente Huidobro, André Malraux da [[Pablo Neruda]]. Littafin ya kasance har zuwa fitowar arba'in da bakwai, kusan dukkanin lokacin yakin basasa.

Ta yi aiki a Junta de Defensa y Protección del Tesoro Artístico Nacional (Board of Defense and Protection of National Artistic Heritage) wanda ya ceci fasahar Museo del Prado, Palacio Real, Palacio Liria da El Escorial daga bama-bamai a lokacin yakin. Da farko an adana fasahar a cikin Prado, amma bayan da bama-bamai tara suka kai tsaye a Prado a ƙarshen Nuwamba, María, tare da mijinta Rafi'il sun jagoranci kwashewar Prado a ranar 3 ga Disamba tare da jigilar motoci masu ɓoye zuwa wani wuri mai aminci a [[Valencia]].&lt;ref&gt;Rojo y Azul: La Guerra Civil Española {{Cite web |title=Rojo y Azul - la Guerra Civil Española en línea |url=http://www.rojoyazul.net/civilis/cultura/salvamento_tesoro.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127045536/http://www.rojoyazul.net/civilis/cultura/salvamento_tesoro.htm |archive-date=27 November 2010 |access-date=14 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael daga baya ya rubuta Noche de guerra en el Museo del Prado (Night of War a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Prado), wasan kwaikwayon da haruffa a cikin zane-zanen [[Francisco Goya|Goya]] suka zo rayuwa don kare birnin Madrid da aka kewaye. An fara wasan ne a ''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Piccolo'' a [[Rum|Roma]] a 1973 kuma a gidan wasan kwaikwayon María Guerrero, Madrid a 1977. &lt;ref&gt;Sociedad Estatal de Conmemoraciones Culturales, (28 November 2003) {{Cite web |title=Noche de Guerra en el Museo del Prado |url=http://www.secc.es/nota_prensa.cfm?id=269 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918084755/http://secc.es/nota_prensa.cfm?id=269 |archive-date=18 September 2010 |access-date=25 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta rubuta &quot;Sun sadaukar da mu. Mu Spain ne tare da tufafi da kawuna da aka ɗauke su da tsawo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=No Beauty in Defeat |url=https://www.jacobinmag.com/2019/04/spain-civil-war-franco-nationalist-fascism}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fitarwa (1939-1977) ==
Bayan cin nasarar Jamhuriyar Republican sun gudu zuwa [[Faris|Paris]] ta hanyar [[Oran]]. Sun zauna a Paris har zuwa ƙarshen 1940 suna aiki a matsayin masu fassara don rediyo na Faransa kuma a matsayin masu sanar da watsa shirye-shiryen ''Paris-Mondial'' a Latin-Amurka. Bayan da Jamus ta mamaye Faransa sai suka tashi daga [[Marseille]] zuwa [[Buenos Aires]] a kan SS Mendoza inda suka sake haɗuwa da dubban sauran Mutanen Espanya waɗanda aka tilasta musu su gudu daga ƙasarsu. A nan ta yi amfani da gudun hijira don amfaninta don sukar kasar ta da kuma guje wa tantancewar Francoist. A shekara ta 1941 María ta haifi 'yarsu, mawaki [[Aitana Alberti León|Aitana]] . A cikin shekarun 1940 da 1950 ta ba da karatun aikinta a fa'idodi waɗanda suka taimaka wa wadanda ke fama da Nazi ko ma'aikatan yajin aiki a Argentina; da yawa daga cikinsu an shirya su tare da haɗin gwiwar soprano Isa Kremer wanda ya raira waƙa a waɗannan fa'idorin. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2025}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Tare da isowar Juan Perón tantancewar siyasa da fasaha da aka ɗora ta sa rayuwa ta ƙara wahala a Argentina kuma a cikin 1963, bayan zama shekaru 23 a Buenos Aires, sun koma Roma. A ranar 27 ga Afrilu 1977 sun koma Spain bayan kusan shekaru talatin da takwas na gudun hijira. María, duk da haka, tana fama da Cutar Alzheimer kuma ba ta iya gane ko da tsoffin abokanta mafi kusa ba. Ta shafe shekarunta na ƙarshe a wani asibiti a cikin duwatsu a wajen Madrid. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

Ta mutu a ranar 13 ga Disamba 1988 kuma an binne ta a makabartar da ke Majadahonda a wajen Madrid. A kan kabarinta akwai kalmomin da mijinta ya rubuta: &quot;Esta mañana, amor, tenemos veinte años&quot; (Yauye, soyayya, muna da shekaru ashirin). María Teresa León koyaushe tana ɗauke da ƙaunarta ga Gonzalo da Enrique, 'ya'yanta na farko. A rayuwarta ta sha wahala daga rabuwa da 'yan gudun hijira biyu suka haifar: na farko daga' ya'yanta, sannan daga kasar ta.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1988]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1903]]</text>
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'''María Teresa León Goyri''' (31 ga Oktoban shekarar 1903 - 13 ga Disamban shekarar 1988) marubuciya ce ta Mutanen Espanya, mai fafutuka kuma jakadan al'adu. An kuma haife ta ne a Logroño, ita ce 'yar'uwar' yar mata kuma marubuciya ta Mutanen Espanya María Goyri (matar Ramón Menéndez Pidal). Ita kanta ta auri mawaki na Mutanen Espanya Rafael Alberti . Ta ba da gudummawa da yawa ga jaridar Diario de Burgos kuma ta buga littattafan yara Cuentos para soñar da La bella del mal amor .

== Rayuwa ==
Yar Angel León Lores, wani kwamandan a cikin sojojin Spain da Oliva Goyri, María Teresa ta girma a cikin iyali mai arziki cike da littattafai kuma hakan yana ci gaba da tafiya. Yayinda take yarinya ta zauna a [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]] da Burgos tana karatun littattafan Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas da Benito Pérez Galdós . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Calero |first=Rafa |date=2009-08-11 |title=Margen Izquierda: María Teresa León: Melancolía en la memoria |url=https://mimargenizquierda.blogspot.com/2009/08/maria-teresa-leon-melancolia-en-la.html |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Margen Izquierda}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda yanayin tafiye-tafiye na aikin mahaifinta, nomadism yana da tasiri sosai a rayuwarta. Mahaifiyarta, Oliva Goyri, wata mace mai ban sha'awa a zamaninta, ta tura ta karatu a Institución Libre de Enseñanza (Institución Libre de Inseñanza), inda kawunta, María Goyri ta koyar. Ta sami BA a [[Falsafa]] da Harafi .

A shekara ta 1920, lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha shida, ta auri Gonzalo de Sebastián Alfaro kuma tana da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Gonzalo (an haife ta 1921) da Enrique (an haifu ta 1925). Aure bai daɗe ba, ta rasa kula da 'ya'yanta biyu kuma ta koma gidan iyalinta a Burgos. A can ta fara ba da gudummawa ga labarai ga Diario de Burgos wanda ke hulɗa da al'amuran yanzu, al'adu, da haƙƙin mata. Ta rubuta a karkashin sunan ''Isabel Inghirami'', jarumi na Gabriele d'Annunzio's Forse che sì, forse che no (Wataƙila a'a, Wataƙila a'u). Ta yi ziyararta ta farko zuwa [[Argentina]] a 1928. A shekara ta 1929 ta sadu da mawaki Rafael Alberti wanda zai zama abokinta na rayuwa. Sun yi aure a wani bikin farar hula a [[Mayorka|Mallorca]] a 1932. A wannan shekarar Patronato del Centro para Ampliación de Estudios (Board for Advanced Studies) ya ba ta tallafi don nazarin ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Turai. Ta yi tafiya zuwa [[Berlin]], [[Beljik|Belgium]], [[Denmark]], [[Holand|Netherlands]], [[Norway]] da [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] tare da saduwa da abin da ake kira &quot;marubutan juyin juya hali&quot; kuma ta rubuta labarai da yawa waɗanda aka buga a El Heraldo na Madrid . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maria Teresa Leon - Riojanas Ilustres |url=http://www.valvanera.com/rileon.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130211516/http://www.valvanera.com/rileon.htm |archive-date=30 November 2017 |access-date=12 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarar 1933 María da Alberti sun kafa mujallar Octubre kuma a cikin shekarar 1934 ta koma [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] don halartar &quot;Taron farko na Marubutan Soviet&quot; inda ta sadu da Maxim Gorki, André Malraux da Erwin Piscator da sauransu. Daga baya a wannan shekarar ta tafi [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] don tara kudade ga ma'aikatan da ta yi wa tashin hankali na ma'aikatan ma'adinai na Asturian a watan ''Oktoba'' na shekara ta 1934 wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya zama tawaye da aka yi wa Gwamnatin Spain wanda ya ƙare da mutuwar mutane 2,000 ciki har da firistoci, ma'aikatan hakar ma'adanai da ma'aikatan soja. Wannan martani ya haifar da hadin gwiwa bangarori daban-daban na hagu wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Popular Front . 

== Yaƙin basasar Spain ==
A ranar 18 ga Yulin 1936 María da Rafael suna Ibiza lokacin da Yaƙin basasar Spain ya ɓarke. Sun koma [[Madrid]] inda ta zama sakatariyar Alliance of Antifascist Intellectuals kuma ta kafa mujallar, El Mono Azul (The Blue Overall) wacce ta fito a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta 1936. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lisa A. Kirschenbaum |date=2017 |title=The Russian Revolution and Spanish Communists, 1931–5 |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0022009417723974 |journal=Journal of Contemporary History |volume=52 |issue=4 |page=895 |doi=10.1177/0022009417723974 |s2cid=159939003 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masu ba da gudummawa sun haɗa da Manuel Altolaguirre, [[Antonio Aparicio (writer)|Antonio Aparicio]], Vicente Aleixandre, José Bergamin, Luis Cernuda, Antonio Machado, Ramón J. Sender, Lorenzo Varela, María Zambrano da marubuta da yawa waɗanda ba na Spain ba kamar John Dos Passos, Vicente Huidobro, André Malraux da [[Pablo Neruda]]. Littafin ya kasance har zuwa fitowar arba'in da bakwai, kusan dukkanin lokacin yakin basasa.

Ta yi aiki a Junta de Defensa y Protección del Tesoro Artístico Nacional (Board of Defense and Protection of National Artistic Heritage) wanda ya ceci fasahar Museo del Prado, Palacio Real, Palacio Liria da El Escorial daga bama-bamai a lokacin yakin. Da farko an adana fasahar a cikin Prado, amma bayan da bama-bamai tara suka kai tsaye a Prado a ƙarshen Nuwamba, María, tare da mijinta Rafi'il sun jagoranci kwashewar Prado a ranar 3 ga Disamba tare da jigilar motoci masu ɓoye zuwa wani wuri mai aminci a [[Valencia]].&lt;ref&gt;Rojo y Azul: La Guerra Civil Española {{Cite web |title=Rojo y Azul - la Guerra Civil Española en línea |url=http://www.rojoyazul.net/civilis/cultura/salvamento_tesoro.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127045536/http://www.rojoyazul.net/civilis/cultura/salvamento_tesoro.htm |archive-date=27 November 2010 |access-date=14 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael daga baya ya rubuta Noche de guerra en el Museo del Prado (Night of War a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Prado), wasan kwaikwayon da haruffa a cikin zane-zanen [[Francisco Goya|Goya]] suka zo rayuwa don kare birnin Madrid da aka kewaye. An fara wasan ne a ''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Piccolo'' a [[Rum|Roma]] a 1973 kuma a gidan wasan kwaikwayon María Guerrero, Madrid a 1977. &lt;ref&gt;Sociedad Estatal de Conmemoraciones Culturales, (28 November 2003) {{Cite web |title=Noche de Guerra en el Museo del Prado |url=http://www.secc.es/nota_prensa.cfm?id=269 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918084755/http://secc.es/nota_prensa.cfm?id=269 |archive-date=18 September 2010 |access-date=25 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta rubuta &quot;Sun sadaukar da mu. Mu Spain ne tare da tufafi da kawuna da aka ɗauke su da tsawo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=No Beauty in Defeat |url=https://www.jacobinmag.com/2019/04/spain-civil-war-franco-nationalist-fascism}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fitarwa (1939-1977) ==
Bayan cin nasarar Jamhuriyar Republican sun gudu zuwa [[Faris|Paris]] ta hanyar [[Oran]]. Sun zauna a Paris har zuwa ƙarshen 1940 suna aiki a matsayin masu fassara don rediyo na Faransa kuma a matsayin masu sanar da watsa shirye-shiryen ''Paris-Mondial'' a Latin-Amurka. Bayan da Jamus ta mamaye Faransa sai suka tashi daga [[Marseille]] zuwa [[Buenos Aires]] a kan SS Mendoza inda suka sake haɗuwa da dubban sauran Mutanen Espanya waɗanda aka tilasta musu su gudu daga ƙasarsu. A nan ta yi amfani da gudun hijira don amfaninta don sukar kasar ta da kuma guje wa tantancewar Francoist. A shekara ta 1941 María ta haifi 'yarsu, mawaki [[Aitana Alberti León|Aitana]] . A cikin shekarun 1940 da 1950 ta ba da karatun aikinta a fa'idodi waɗanda suka taimaka wa wadanda ke fama da Nazi ko ma'aikatan yajin aiki a Argentina; da yawa daga cikinsu an shirya su tare da haɗin gwiwar soprano Isa Kremer wanda ya raira waƙa a waɗannan fa'idorin. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2025}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Tare da isowar Juan Perón tantancewar siyasa da fasaha da aka ɗora ta sa rayuwa ta ƙara wahala a Argentina kuma a cikin 1963, bayan zama shekaru 23 a Buenos Aires, sun koma Roma. A ranar 27 ga Afrilu 1977 sun koma Spain bayan kusan shekaru talatin da takwas na gudun hijira. María, duk da haka, tana fama da Cutar Alzheimer kuma ba ta iya gane ko da tsoffin abokanta mafi kusa ba. Ta shafe shekarunta na ƙarshe a wani asibiti a cikin duwatsu a wajen Madrid. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

Ta mutu a ranar 13 ga Disamba 1988 kuma an binne ta a makabartar da ke Majadahonda a wajen Madrid. A kan kabarinta akwai kalmomin da mijinta ya rubuta: &quot;Esta mañana, amor, tenemos veinte años&quot; (Yauye, soyayya, muna da shekaru ashirin). María Teresa León koyaushe tana ɗauke da ƙaunarta ga Gonzalo da Enrique, 'ya'yanta na farko. A rayuwarta ta sha wahala daga rabuwa da 'yan gudun hijira biyu suka haifar: na farko daga' ya'yanta, sannan daga kasar ta.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1988]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1903]]</text>
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'''María Teresa León Goyri''' (31 ga Oktoban shekarar 1903 - 13 ga Disamban shekarar 1988) marubuciya ce ta Mutanen Espanya, mai fafutuka kuma jakadan al'adu. An kuma haife ta ne a Logroño, ita ce 'yar'uwar' yar mata kuma marubuciya ta Mutanen Espanya María Goyri (matar Ramón Menéndez Pidal). Ita kanta ta auri mawaki na Mutanen Espanya Rafael Alberti . Ta ba da gudummawa da yawa ga jaridar Diario de Burgos kuma ta buga littattafan yara Cuentos para soñar da La bella del mal amor .

== Rayuwa ==
Yar Angel León Lores, wani kwamandan a cikin sojojin Spain da Oliva Goyri, María Teresa ta girma a cikin iyali mai arziki cike da littattafai kuma hakan yana ci gaba da tafiya. Yayinda take yarinya ta zauna a [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]] da Burgos tana karatun littattafan Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas da Benito Pérez Galdós . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Calero |first=Rafa |date=2009-08-11 |title=Margen Izquierda: María Teresa León: Melancolía en la memoria |url=https://mimargenizquierda.blogspot.com/2009/08/maria-teresa-leon-melancolia-en-la.html |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Margen Izquierda}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda yanayin tafiye-tafiye na aikin mahaifinta, nomadism yana da tasiri sosai a rayuwarta. Mahaifiyarta, Oliva Goyri, wata mace mai ban sha'awa a zamaninta, ta tura ta karatu a Institución Libre de Enseñanza (Institución Libre de Inseñanza), inda kawunta, María Goyri ta koyar. Ta sami BA a [[Falsafa]] da Harafi .

A shekara ta 1920, lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha shida, ta auri Gonzalo de Sebastián Alfaro kuma tana da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Gonzalo (an haife ta 1921) da Enrique (an haifu ta 1925). Aure bai daɗe ba, ta rasa kula da 'ya'yanta biyu kuma ta koma gidan iyalinta a Burgos. A can ta fara ba da gudummawa ga labarai ga Diario de Burgos wanda ke hulɗa da al'amuran yanzu, al'adu, da haƙƙin mata. Ta rubuta a karkashin sunan ''Isabel Inghirami'', jarumi na Gabriele d'Annunzio's Forse che sì, forse che no (Wataƙila a'a, Wataƙila a'u). Ta yi ziyararta ta farko zuwa [[Argentina]] a 1928. A shekara ta 1929 ta sadu da mawaki Rafael Alberti wanda zai zama abokinta na rayuwa. Sun yi aure a wani bikin farar hula a [[Mayorka|Mallorca]] a 1932. A wannan shekarar Patronato del Centro para Ampliación de Estudios (Board for Advanced Studies) ya ba ta tallafi don nazarin ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Turai. Ta yi tafiya zuwa [[Berlin]], [[Beljik|Belgium]], [[Denmark]], [[Holand|Netherlands]], [[Norway]] da [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] tare da saduwa da abin da ake kira &quot;marubutan juyin juya hali&quot; kuma ta rubuta labarai da yawa waɗanda aka buga a El Heraldo na Madrid . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maria Teresa Leon - Riojanas Ilustres |url=http://www.valvanera.com/rileon.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130211516/http://www.valvanera.com/rileon.htm |archive-date=30 November 2017 |access-date=12 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarar 1933 María da Alberti sun kafa mujallar Octubre kuma a cikin shekarar 1934 ta koma [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] don halartar &quot;Taron farko na Marubutan Soviet&quot; inda ta sadu da Maxim Gorki, André Malraux da Erwin Piscator da sauransu. Daga baya a wannan shekarar ta tafi [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] don tara kudade ga ma'aikatan da ta yi wa tashin hankali na ma'aikatan ma'adinai na Asturian a watan ''Oktoba'' na shekara ta 1934 wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya zama tawaye da aka yi wa Gwamnatin Spain wanda ya ƙare da mutuwar mutane 2,000 ciki har da firistoci, ma'aikatan hakar ma'adanai da ma'aikatan soja. Wannan martani ya haifar da hadin gwiwa bangarori daban-daban na hagu wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Popular Front . 

== Yaƙin basasar Spain ==
A ranar 18 ga Yulin shekarar 1936 María da Rafael suna Ibiza lokacin da Yaƙin basasar Spain ya ɓarke. Sun koma [[Madrid]] inda ta zama sakatariyar Alliance of Antifascist Intellectuals kuma ta kafa mujallar, El Mono Azul (The Blue Overall) wacce ta fito a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta 1936. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lisa A. Kirschenbaum |date=2017 |title=The Russian Revolution and Spanish Communists, 1931–5 |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0022009417723974 |journal=Journal of Contemporary History |volume=52 |issue=4 |page=895 |doi=10.1177/0022009417723974 |s2cid=159939003 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masu ba da gudummawa sun haɗa da Manuel Altolaguirre, [[Antonio Aparicio (writer)|Antonio Aparicio]], Vicente Aleixandre, José Bergamin, Luis Cernuda, Antonio Machado, Ramón J. Sender, Lorenzo Varela, María Zambrano da marubuta da yawa waɗanda ba na Spain ba kamar John Dos Passos, Vicente Huidobro, André Malraux da [[Pablo Neruda]]. Littafin ya kasance har zuwa fitowar arba'in da bakwai, kusan dukkanin lokacin yakin basasa.

Ta yi aiki a Junta de Defensa y Protección del Tesoro Artístico Nacional (Board of Defense and Protection of National Artistic Heritage) wanda ya ceci fasahar Museo del Prado, Palacio Real, Palacio Liria da El Escorial daga bama-bamai a lokacin yakin. Da farko an adana fasahar a cikin Prado, amma bayan da bama-bamai tara suka kai tsaye a Prado a ƙarshen Nuwamba, María, tare da mijinta Rafi'il sun jagoranci kwashewar Prado a ranar 3 ga Disamba tare da jigilar motoci masu ɓoye zuwa wani wuri mai aminci a [[Valencia]].&lt;ref&gt;Rojo y Azul: La Guerra Civil Española {{Cite web |title=Rojo y Azul - la Guerra Civil Española en línea |url=http://www.rojoyazul.net/civilis/cultura/salvamento_tesoro.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127045536/http://www.rojoyazul.net/civilis/cultura/salvamento_tesoro.htm |archive-date=27 November 2010 |access-date=14 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael daga baya ya rubuta Noche de guerra en el Museo del Prado (Night of War a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Prado), wasan kwaikwayon da haruffa a cikin zane-zanen [[Francisco Goya|Goya]] suka zo rayuwa don kare birnin Madrid da aka kewaye. An fara wasan ne a ''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Piccolo'' a [[Rum|Roma]] a 1973 kuma a gidan wasan kwaikwayon María Guerrero, Madrid a 1977. &lt;ref&gt;Sociedad Estatal de Conmemoraciones Culturales, (28 November 2003) {{Cite web |title=Noche de Guerra en el Museo del Prado |url=http://www.secc.es/nota_prensa.cfm?id=269 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918084755/http://secc.es/nota_prensa.cfm?id=269 |archive-date=18 September 2010 |access-date=25 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta rubuta &quot;Sun sadaukar da mu. Mu Spain ne tare da tufafi da kawuna da aka ɗauke su da tsawo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=No Beauty in Defeat |url=https://www.jacobinmag.com/2019/04/spain-civil-war-franco-nationalist-fascism}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fitarwa (1939-1977) ==
Bayan cin nasarar Jamhuriyar Republican sun gudu zuwa [[Faris|Paris]] ta hanyar [[Oran]]. Sun zauna a Paris har zuwa ƙarshen 1940 suna aiki a matsayin masu fassara don rediyo na Faransa kuma a matsayin masu sanar da watsa shirye-shiryen ''Paris-Mondial'' a Latin-Amurka. Bayan da Jamus ta mamaye Faransa sai suka tashi daga [[Marseille]] zuwa [[Buenos Aires]] a kan SS Mendoza inda suka sake haɗuwa da dubban sauran Mutanen Espanya waɗanda aka tilasta musu su gudu daga ƙasarsu. A nan ta yi amfani da gudun hijira don amfaninta don sukar kasar ta da kuma guje wa tantancewar Francoist. A shekara ta 1941 María ta haifi 'yarsu, mawaki [[Aitana Alberti León|Aitana]] . A cikin shekarun 1940 da 1950 ta ba da karatun aikinta a fa'idodi waɗanda suka taimaka wa wadanda ke fama da Nazi ko ma'aikatan yajin aiki a Argentina; da yawa daga cikinsu an shirya su tare da haɗin gwiwar soprano Isa Kremer wanda ya raira waƙa a waɗannan fa'idorin. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2025}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Tare da isowar Juan Perón tantancewar siyasa da fasaha da aka ɗora ta sa rayuwa ta ƙara wahala a Argentina kuma a cikin 1963, bayan zama shekaru 23 a Buenos Aires, sun koma Roma. A ranar 27 ga Afrilu 1977 sun koma Spain bayan kusan shekaru talatin da takwas na gudun hijira. María, duk da haka, tana fama da Cutar Alzheimer kuma ba ta iya gane ko da tsoffin abokanta mafi kusa ba. Ta shafe shekarunta na ƙarshe a wani asibiti a cikin duwatsu a wajen Madrid. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

Ta mutu a ranar 13 ga Disamba 1988 kuma an binne ta a makabartar da ke Majadahonda a wajen Madrid. A kan kabarinta akwai kalmomin da mijinta ya rubuta: &quot;Esta mañana, amor, tenemos veinte años&quot; (Yauye, soyayya, muna da shekaru ashirin). María Teresa León koyaushe tana ɗauke da ƙaunarta ga Gonzalo da Enrique, 'ya'yanta na farko. A rayuwarta ta sha wahala daga rabuwa da 'yan gudun hijira biyu suka haifar: na farko daga' ya'yanta, sannan daga kasar ta.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1988]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1903]]</text>
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'''María Teresa León Goyri''' (31 ga Oktoban shekarar 1903 - 13 ga Disamban shekarar 1988) marubuciya ce ta Mutanen Espanya, mai fafutuka kuma jakadan al'adu. An kuma haife ta ne a Logroño, ita ce 'yar'uwar' yar mata kuma marubuciya ta Mutanen Espanya María Goyri (matar Ramón Menéndez Pidal). Ita kanta ta auri mawaki na Mutanen Espanya Rafael Alberti . Ta ba da gudummawa da yawa ga jaridar Diario de Burgos kuma ta buga littattafan yara Cuentos para soñar da La bella del mal amor .

== Rayuwa ==
Yar Angel León Lores, wani kwamandan a cikin sojojin Spain da Oliva Goyri, María Teresa ta girma a cikin iyali mai arziki cike da littattafai kuma hakan yana ci gaba da tafiya. Yayinda take yarinya ta zauna a [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]] da Burgos tana karatun littattafan Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas da Benito Pérez Galdós . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Calero |first=Rafa |date=2009-08-11 |title=Margen Izquierda: María Teresa León: Melancolía en la memoria |url=https://mimargenizquierda.blogspot.com/2009/08/maria-teresa-leon-melancolia-en-la.html |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Margen Izquierda}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda yanayin tafiye-tafiye na aikin mahaifinta, nomadism yana da tasiri sosai a rayuwarta. Mahaifiyarta, Oliva Goyri, wata mace mai ban sha'awa a zamaninta, ta tura ta karatu a Institución Libre de Enseñanza (Institución Libre de Inseñanza), inda kawunta, María Goyri ta koyar. Ta sami BA a [[Falsafa]] da Harafi .

A shekara ta 1920, lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha shida, ta auri Gonzalo de Sebastián Alfaro kuma tana da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Gonzalo (an haife ta 1921) da Enrique (an haifu ta 1925). Aure bai daɗe ba, ta rasa kula da 'ya'yanta biyu kuma ta koma gidan iyalinta a Burgos. A can ta fara ba da gudummawa ga labarai ga Diario de Burgos wanda ke hulɗa da al'amuran yanzu, al'adu, da haƙƙin mata. Ta rubuta a karkashin sunan ''Isabel Inghirami'', jarumi na Gabriele d'Annunzio's Forse che sì, forse che no (Wataƙila a'a, Wataƙila a'u). Ta yi ziyararta ta farko zuwa [[Argentina]] a 1928. A shekara ta 1929 ta sadu da mawaki Rafael Alberti wanda zai zama abokinta na rayuwa. Sun yi aure a wani bikin farar hula a [[Mayorka|Mallorca]] a 1932. A wannan shekarar Patronato del Centro para Ampliación de Estudios (Board for Advanced Studies) ya ba ta tallafi don nazarin ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Turai. Ta yi tafiya zuwa [[Berlin]], [[Beljik|Belgium]], [[Denmark]], [[Holand|Netherlands]], [[Norway]] da [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] tare da saduwa da abin da ake kira &quot;marubutan juyin juya hali&quot; kuma ta rubuta labarai da yawa waɗanda aka buga a El Heraldo na Madrid . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maria Teresa Leon - Riojanas Ilustres |url=http://www.valvanera.com/rileon.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130211516/http://www.valvanera.com/rileon.htm |archive-date=30 November 2017 |access-date=12 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarar 1933 María da Alberti sun kafa mujallar Octubre kuma a cikin shekarar 1934 ta koma [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] don halartar &quot;Taron farko na Marubutan Soviet&quot; inda ta sadu da Maxim Gorki, André Malraux da Erwin Piscator da sauransu. Daga baya a wannan shekarar ta tafi [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] don tara kudade ga ma'aikatan da ta yi wa tashin hankali na ma'aikatan ma'adinai na Asturian a watan ''Oktoba'' na shekara ta 1934 wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya zama tawaye da aka yi wa Gwamnatin Spain wanda ya ƙare da mutuwar mutane 2,000 ciki har da firistoci, ma'aikatan hakar ma'adanai da ma'aikatan soja. Wannan martani ya haifar da hadin gwiwa bangarori daban-daban na hagu wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Popular Front . 

== Yaƙin basasar Spain ==
A ranar 18 ga Yulin shekarar 1936 María da Rafael suna Ibiza lokacin da Yaƙin basasar Spain ya ɓarke. Sun koma [[Madrid]] inda ta zama sakatariyar Alliance of Antifascist Intellectuals kuma ta kafa mujallar, El Mono Azul (The Blue Overall) wacce ta fito a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta 1936. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lisa A. Kirschenbaum |date=2017 |title=The Russian Revolution and Spanish Communists, 1931–5 |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0022009417723974 |journal=Journal of Contemporary History |volume=52 |issue=4 |page=895 |doi=10.1177/0022009417723974 |s2cid=159939003 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masu ba da gudummawa sun haɗa da Manuel Altolaguirre, [[Antonio Aparicio (writer)|Antonio Aparicio]], Vicente Aleixandre, José Bergamin, Luis Cernuda, Antonio Machado, Ramón J. Sender, Lorenzo Varela, María Zambrano da marubuta da yawa waɗanda ba na Spain ba kamar John Dos Passos, Vicente Huidobro, André Malraux da [[Pablo Neruda]]. Littafin ya kasance har zuwa fitowar arba'in da bakwai, kusan dukkanin lokacin yakin basasa.

Ta kuma yi aiki a Junta de Defensa y Protección del Tesoro Artístico Nacional (Board of Defense and Protection of National Artistic Heritage) wanda ya ceci fasahar Museo del Prado, Palacio Real, Palacio Liria da El Escorial daga bama-bamai a lokacin yakin. Da farko an adana fasahar a cikin Prado, amma bayan da bama-bamai tara suka kai tsaye a Prado a ƙarshen Nuwamba, María, tare da mijinta Rafi'il sun jagoranci kwashewar Prado a ranar 3 ga Disamba tare da jigilar motoci masu ɓoye zuwa wani wuri mai aminci a [[Valencia]].&lt;ref&gt;Rojo y Azul: La Guerra Civil Española {{Cite web |title=Rojo y Azul - la Guerra Civil Española en línea |url=http://www.rojoyazul.net/civilis/cultura/salvamento_tesoro.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127045536/http://www.rojoyazul.net/civilis/cultura/salvamento_tesoro.htm |archive-date=27 November 2010 |access-date=14 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael daga baya ya rubuta Noche de guerra en el Museo del Prado (Night of War a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Prado), wasan kwaikwayon da haruffa a cikin zane-zanen [[Francisco Goya|Goya]] suka zo rayuwa don kare birnin Madrid da aka kewaye. An fara wasan ne a ''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Piccolo'' a [[Rum|Roma]] a 1973 kuma a gidan wasan kwaikwayon María Guerrero, Madrid a 1977. &lt;ref&gt;Sociedad Estatal de Conmemoraciones Culturales, (28 November 2003) {{Cite web |title=Noche de Guerra en el Museo del Prado |url=http://www.secc.es/nota_prensa.cfm?id=269 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918084755/http://secc.es/nota_prensa.cfm?id=269 |archive-date=18 September 2010 |access-date=25 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta rubuta &quot;Sun sadaukar da mu. Mu Spain ne tare da tufafi da kawuna da aka ɗauke su da tsawo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=No Beauty in Defeat |url=https://www.jacobinmag.com/2019/04/spain-civil-war-franco-nationalist-fascism}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fitarwa (1939-1977) ==
Bayan cin nasarar Jamhuriyar Republican sun gudu zuwa [[Faris|Paris]] ta hanyar [[Oran]]. Sun zauna a Paris har zuwa ƙarshen 1940 suna aiki a matsayin masu fassara don rediyo na Faransa kuma a matsayin masu sanar da watsa shirye-shiryen ''Paris-Mondial'' a Latin-Amurka. Bayan da Jamus ta mamaye Faransa sai suka tashi daga [[Marseille]] zuwa [[Buenos Aires]] a kan SS Mendoza inda suka sake haɗuwa da dubban sauran Mutanen Espanya waɗanda aka tilasta musu su gudu daga ƙasarsu. A nan ta yi amfani da gudun hijira don amfaninta don sukar kasar ta da kuma guje wa tantancewar Francoist. A shekara ta 1941 María ta haifi 'yarsu, mawaki [[Aitana Alberti León|Aitana]] . A cikin shekarun 1940 da 1950 ta ba da karatun aikinta a fa'idodi waɗanda suka taimaka wa wadanda ke fama da Nazi ko ma'aikatan yajin aiki a Argentina; da yawa daga cikinsu an shirya su tare da haɗin gwiwar soprano Isa Kremer wanda ya raira waƙa a waɗannan fa'idorin. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2025}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Tare da isowar Juan Perón tantancewar siyasa da fasaha da aka ɗora ta sa rayuwa ta ƙara wahala a Argentina kuma a cikin 1963, bayan zama shekaru 23 a Buenos Aires, sun koma Roma. A ranar 27 ga Afrilu 1977 sun koma Spain bayan kusan shekaru talatin da takwas na gudun hijira. María, duk da haka, tana fama da Cutar Alzheimer kuma ba ta iya gane ko da tsoffin abokanta mafi kusa ba. Ta shafe shekarunta na ƙarshe a wani asibiti a cikin duwatsu a wajen Madrid. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

Ta mutu a ranar 13 ga Disamba 1988 kuma an binne ta a makabartar da ke Majadahonda a wajen Madrid. A kan kabarinta akwai kalmomin da mijinta ya rubuta: &quot;Esta mañana, amor, tenemos veinte años&quot; (Yauye, soyayya, muna da shekaru ashirin). María Teresa León koyaushe tana ɗauke da ƙaunarta ga Gonzalo da Enrique, 'ya'yanta na farko. A rayuwarta ta sha wahala daga rabuwa da 'yan gudun hijira biyu suka haifar: na farko daga' ya'yanta, sannan daga kasar ta.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1988]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1903]]</text>
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'''María Teresa León Goyri''' (31 ga Oktoban shekarar 1903 - 13 ga Disamban shekarar 1988) marubuciya ce ta Mutanen Espanya, mai fafutuka kuma jakadan al'adu. An kuma haife ta ne a Logroño, ita ce 'yar'uwar' yar mata kuma marubuciya ta Mutanen Espanya María Goyri (matar Ramón Menéndez Pidal). Ita kanta ta auri mawaki na Mutanen Espanya Rafael Alberti . Ta ba da gudummawa da yawa ga jaridar Diario de Burgos kuma ta buga littattafan yara Cuentos para soñar da La bella del mal amor .

== Rayuwa ==
Yar Angel León Lores, wani kwamandan a cikin sojojin Spain da Oliva Goyri, María Teresa ta girma a cikin iyali mai arziki cike da littattafai kuma hakan yana ci gaba da tafiya. Yayinda take yarinya ta zauna a [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]] da Burgos tana karatun littattafan Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas da Benito Pérez Galdós . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Calero |first=Rafa |date=2009-08-11 |title=Margen Izquierda: María Teresa León: Melancolía en la memoria |url=https://mimargenizquierda.blogspot.com/2009/08/maria-teresa-leon-melancolia-en-la.html |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Margen Izquierda}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda yanayin tafiye-tafiye na aikin mahaifinta, nomadism yana da tasiri sosai a rayuwarta. Mahaifiyarta, Oliva Goyri, wata mace mai ban sha'awa a zamaninta, ta tura ta karatu a Institución Libre de Enseñanza (Institución Libre de Inseñanza), inda kawunta, María Goyri ta koyar. Ta sami BA a [[Falsafa]] da Harafi .

A shekara ta 1920, lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha shida, ta auri Gonzalo de Sebastián Alfaro kuma tana da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Gonzalo (an haife ta 1921) da Enrique (an haifu ta 1925). Aure bai daɗe ba, ta rasa kula da 'ya'yanta biyu kuma ta koma gidan iyalinta a Burgos. A can ta fara ba da gudummawa ga labarai ga Diario de Burgos wanda ke hulɗa da al'amuran yanzu, al'adu, da haƙƙin mata. Ta rubuta a karkashin sunan ''Isabel Inghirami'', jarumi na Gabriele d'Annunzio's Forse che sì, forse che no (Wataƙila a'a, Wataƙila a'u). Ta yi ziyararta ta farko zuwa [[Argentina]] a 1928. A shekara ta 1929 ta sadu da mawaki Rafael Alberti wanda zai zama abokinta na rayuwa. Sun yi aure a wani bikin farar hula a [[Mayorka|Mallorca]] a 1932. A wannan shekarar Patronato del Centro para Ampliación de Estudios (Board for Advanced Studies) ya ba ta tallafi don nazarin ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Turai. Ta yi tafiya zuwa [[Berlin]], [[Beljik|Belgium]], [[Denmark]], [[Holand|Netherlands]], [[Norway]] da [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] tare da saduwa da abin da ake kira &quot;marubutan juyin juya hali&quot; kuma ta rubuta labarai da yawa waɗanda aka buga a El Heraldo na Madrid . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maria Teresa Leon - Riojanas Ilustres |url=http://www.valvanera.com/rileon.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130211516/http://www.valvanera.com/rileon.htm |archive-date=30 November 2017 |access-date=12 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarar 1933 María da Alberti sun kafa mujallar Octubre kuma a cikin shekarar 1934 ta koma [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] don halartar &quot;Taron farko na Marubutan Soviet&quot; inda ta sadu da Maxim Gorki, André Malraux da Erwin Piscator da sauransu. Daga baya a wannan shekarar ta tafi [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] don tara kudade ga ma'aikatan da ta yi wa tashin hankali na ma'aikatan ma'adinai na Asturian a watan ''Oktoba'' na shekara ta 1934 wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya zama tawaye da aka yi wa Gwamnatin Spain wanda ya ƙare da mutuwar mutane 2,000 ciki har da firistoci, ma'aikatan hakar ma'adanai da ma'aikatan soja. Wannan martani ya haifar da hadin gwiwa bangarori daban-daban na hagu wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Popular Front . 

== Yaƙin basasar Spain ==
A ranar 18 ga Yulin shekarar 1936 María da Rafael suna Ibiza lokacin da Yaƙin basasar Spain ya ɓarke. Sun koma [[Madrid]] inda ta zama sakatariyar Alliance of Antifascist Intellectuals kuma ta kafa mujallar, El Mono Azul (The Blue Overall) wacce ta fito a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta 1936. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lisa A. Kirschenbaum |date=2017 |title=The Russian Revolution and Spanish Communists, 1931–5 |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0022009417723974 |journal=Journal of Contemporary History |volume=52 |issue=4 |page=895 |doi=10.1177/0022009417723974 |s2cid=159939003 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masu ba da gudummawa sun haɗa da Manuel Altolaguirre, [[Antonio Aparicio (writer)|Antonio Aparicio]], Vicente Aleixandre, José Bergamin, Luis Cernuda, Antonio Machado, Ramón J. Sender, Lorenzo Varela, María Zambrano da marubuta da yawa waɗanda ba na Spain ba kamar John Dos Passos, Vicente Huidobro, André Malraux da [[Pablo Neruda]]. Littafin ya kasance har zuwa fitowar arba'in da bakwai, kusan dukkanin lokacin yakin basasa.

Ta kuma yi aiki a Junta de Defensa y Protección del Tesoro Artístico Nacional (Board of Defense and Protection of National Artistic Heritage) wanda ya ceci fasahar Museo del Prado, Palacio Real, Palacio Liria da El Escorial daga bama-bamai a lokacin yakin. Da farko an adana fasahar a cikin Prado, amma bayan da bama-bamai tara suka kai tsaye a Prado a ƙarshen Nuwamba, María, tare da mijinta Rafi'il sun jagoranci kwashewar Prado a ranar 3 ga Disamba tare da jigilar motoci masu ɓoye zuwa wani wuri mai aminci a [[Valencia]].&lt;ref&gt;Rojo y Azul: La Guerra Civil Española {{Cite web |title=Rojo y Azul - la Guerra Civil Española en línea |url=http://www.rojoyazul.net/civilis/cultura/salvamento_tesoro.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127045536/http://www.rojoyazul.net/civilis/cultura/salvamento_tesoro.htm |archive-date=27 November 2010 |access-date=14 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael daga baya ya rubuta Noche de guerra en el Museo del Prado (Night of War a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Prado), wasan kwaikwayon da haruffa a cikin zane-zanen [[Francisco Goya|Goya]] suka zo rayuwa don kare birnin Madrid da aka kewaye. An fara wasan ne a ''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Piccolo'' a [[Rum|Roma]] a 1973 kuma a gidan wasan kwaikwayon María Guerrero, Madrid a 1977. &lt;ref&gt;Sociedad Estatal de Conmemoraciones Culturales, (28 November 2003) {{Cite web |title=Noche de Guerra en el Museo del Prado |url=http://www.secc.es/nota_prensa.cfm?id=269 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918084755/http://secc.es/nota_prensa.cfm?id=269 |archive-date=18 September 2010 |access-date=25 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta rubuta &quot;Sun sadaukar da mu. Mu Spain ne tare da tufafi da kawuna da aka ɗauke su da tsawo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=No Beauty in Defeat |url=https://www.jacobinmag.com/2019/04/spain-civil-war-franco-nationalist-fascism}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fitarwa (1939-1977) ==
Bayan cin nasarar Jamhuriyar Republican sun gudu zuwa [[Faris|Paris]] ta hanyar [[Oran]]. Sun zauna a Paris har zuwa ƙarshen 1940 suna aiki a matsayin masu fassara don rediyo na Faransa kuma a matsayin masu sanar da watsa shirye-shiryen ''Paris-Mondial'' a Latin-Amurka. Bayan da Jamus ta mamaye Faransa sai suka tashi daga [[Marseille]] zuwa [[Buenos Aires]] a kan SS Mendoza inda suka sake haɗuwa da dubban sauran Mutanen Espanya waɗanda aka tilasta musu su gudu daga ƙasarsu. A nan ta yi amfani da gudun hijira don amfaninta don sukar kasar ta da kuma guje wa tantancewar Francoist. A shekara ta 1941 María ta haifi 'yarsu, mawaki [[Aitana Alberti León|Aitana]] . A cikin shekarun 1940 da 1950 ta ba da karatun aikinta a fa'idodi waɗanda suka taimaka wa wadanda ke fama da Nazi ko ma'aikatan yajin aiki a Argentina; da yawa daga cikinsu an shirya su tare da haɗin gwiwar soprano Isa Kremer wanda ya raira waƙa a waɗannan fa'idorin. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2025}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Tare da isowar Juan Perón tantancewar siyasa da fasaha da aka ɗora ta sa rayuwa ta ƙara wahala a Argentina kuma a cikin shekarar 1963, bayan zama shekaru 23 a Buenos Aires, sun koma Roma. A ranar 27 ga Afrilun shekarar 1977 sun koma Spain bayan kusan shekaru talatin da takwas na gudun hijira. María, duk da haka, tana fama da Cutar Alzheimer kuma ba ta iya gane ko da tsoffin abokanta mafi kusa ba. Ta shafe shekarunta na ƙarshe a wani asibiti a cikin duwatsu a wajen Madrid. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

Ta mutu a ranar 13 ga Disamba 1988 kuma an binne ta a makabartar da ke Majadahonda a wajen Madrid. A kan kabarinta akwai kalmomin da mijinta ya rubuta: &quot;Esta mañana, amor, tenemos veinte años&quot; (Yauye, soyayya, muna da shekaru ashirin). María Teresa León koyaushe tana ɗauke da ƙaunarta ga Gonzalo da Enrique, 'ya'yanta na farko. A rayuwarta ta sha wahala daga rabuwa da 'yan gudun hijira biyu suka haifar: na farko daga' ya'yanta, sannan daga kasar ta.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1988]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1903]]</text>
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'''María Teresa León Goyri''' (31 ga Oktoban shekarar 1903 - 13 ga Disamban shekarar 1988) marubuciya ce ta Mutanen Espanya, mai fafutuka kuma jakadan al'adu. An kuma haife ta ne a Logroño, ita ce 'yar'uwar' yar mata kuma marubuciya ta Mutanen Espanya María Goyri (matar Ramón Menéndez Pidal). Ita kanta ta auri mawaki na Mutanen Espanya Rafael Alberti . Ta ba da gudummawa da yawa ga jaridar Diario de Burgos kuma ta buga littattafan yara Cuentos para soñar da La bella del mal amor .

== Rayuwa ==
Yar Angel León Lores, wani kwamandan a cikin sojojin Spain da Oliva Goyri, María Teresa ta girma a cikin iyali mai arziki cike da littattafai kuma hakan yana ci gaba da tafiya. Yayinda take yarinya ta zauna a [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]] da Burgos tana karatun littattafan Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas da Benito Pérez Galdós . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Calero |first=Rafa |date=2009-08-11 |title=Margen Izquierda: María Teresa León: Melancolía en la memoria |url=https://mimargenizquierda.blogspot.com/2009/08/maria-teresa-leon-melancolia-en-la.html |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Margen Izquierda}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda yanayin tafiye-tafiye na aikin mahaifinta, nomadism yana da tasiri sosai a rayuwarta. Mahaifiyarta, Oliva Goyri, wata mace mai ban sha'awa a zamaninta, ta tura ta karatu a Institución Libre de Enseñanza (Institución Libre de Inseñanza), inda kawunta, María Goyri ta koyar. Ta sami BA a [[Falsafa]] da Harafi .

A shekara ta 1920, lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha shida, ta auri Gonzalo de Sebastián Alfaro kuma tana da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Gonzalo (an haife ta 1921) da Enrique (an haifu ta 1925). Aure bai daɗe ba, ta rasa kula da 'ya'yanta biyu kuma ta koma gidan iyalinta a Burgos. A can ta fara ba da gudummawa ga labarai ga Diario de Burgos wanda ke hulɗa da al'amuran yanzu, al'adu, da haƙƙin mata. Ta rubuta a karkashin sunan ''Isabel Inghirami'', jarumi na Gabriele d'Annunzio's Forse che sì, forse che no (Wataƙila a'a, Wataƙila a'u). Ta yi ziyararta ta farko zuwa [[Argentina]] a 1928. A shekara ta 1929 ta sadu da mawaki Rafael Alberti wanda zai zama abokinta na rayuwa. Sun yi aure a wani bikin farar hula a [[Mayorka|Mallorca]] a 1932. A wannan shekarar Patronato del Centro para Ampliación de Estudios (Board for Advanced Studies) ya ba ta tallafi don nazarin ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Turai. Ta yi tafiya zuwa [[Berlin]], [[Beljik|Belgium]], [[Denmark]], [[Holand|Netherlands]], [[Norway]] da [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] tare da saduwa da abin da ake kira &quot;marubutan juyin juya hali&quot; kuma ta rubuta labarai da yawa waɗanda aka buga a El Heraldo na Madrid . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maria Teresa Leon - Riojanas Ilustres |url=http://www.valvanera.com/rileon.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130211516/http://www.valvanera.com/rileon.htm |archive-date=30 November 2017 |access-date=12 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarar 1933 María da Alberti sun kafa mujallar Octubre kuma a cikin shekarar 1934 ta koma [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] don halartar &quot;Taron farko na Marubutan Soviet&quot; inda ta sadu da Maxim Gorki, André Malraux da Erwin Piscator da sauransu. Daga baya a wannan shekarar ta tafi [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] don tara kudade ga ma'aikatan da ta yi wa tashin hankali na ma'aikatan ma'adinai na Asturian a watan ''Oktoba'' na shekara ta 1934 wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya zama tawaye da aka yi wa Gwamnatin Spain wanda ya ƙare da mutuwar mutane 2,000 ciki har da firistoci, ma'aikatan hakar ma'adanai da ma'aikatan soja. Wannan martani ya haifar da hadin gwiwa bangarori daban-daban na hagu wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Popular Front . 

== Yaƙin basasar Spain ==
A ranar 18 ga Yulin shekarar 1936 María da Rafael suna Ibiza lokacin da Yaƙin basasar Spain ya ɓarke. Sun koma [[Madrid]] inda ta zama sakatariyar Alliance of Antifascist Intellectuals kuma ta kafa mujallar, El Mono Azul (The Blue Overall) wacce ta fito a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta 1936. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lisa A. Kirschenbaum |date=2017 |title=The Russian Revolution and Spanish Communists, 1931–5 |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0022009417723974 |journal=Journal of Contemporary History |volume=52 |issue=4 |page=895 |doi=10.1177/0022009417723974 |s2cid=159939003 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masu ba da gudummawa sun haɗa da Manuel Altolaguirre, [[Antonio Aparicio (writer)|Antonio Aparicio]], Vicente Aleixandre, José Bergamin, Luis Cernuda, Antonio Machado, Ramón J. Sender, Lorenzo Varela, María Zambrano da marubuta da yawa waɗanda ba na Spain ba kamar John Dos Passos, Vicente Huidobro, André Malraux da [[Pablo Neruda]]. Littafin ya kasance har zuwa fitowar arba'in da bakwai, kusan dukkanin lokacin yakin basasa.

Ta kuma yi aiki a Junta de Defensa y Protección del Tesoro Artístico Nacional (Board of Defense and Protection of National Artistic Heritage) wanda ya ceci fasahar Museo del Prado, Palacio Real, Palacio Liria da El Escorial daga bama-bamai a lokacin yakin. Da farko an adana fasahar a cikin Prado, amma bayan da bama-bamai tara suka kai tsaye a Prado a ƙarshen Nuwamba, María, tare da mijinta Rafi'il sun jagoranci kwashewar Prado a ranar 3 ga Disamba tare da jigilar motoci masu ɓoye zuwa wani wuri mai aminci a [[Valencia]].&lt;ref&gt;Rojo y Azul: La Guerra Civil Española {{Cite web |title=Rojo y Azul - la Guerra Civil Española en línea |url=http://www.rojoyazul.net/civilis/cultura/salvamento_tesoro.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127045536/http://www.rojoyazul.net/civilis/cultura/salvamento_tesoro.htm |archive-date=27 November 2010 |access-date=14 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael daga baya ya rubuta Noche de guerra en el Museo del Prado (Night of War a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Prado), wasan kwaikwayon da haruffa a cikin zane-zanen [[Francisco Goya|Goya]] suka zo rayuwa don kare birnin Madrid da aka kewaye. An fara wasan ne a ''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Piccolo'' a [[Rum|Roma]] a 1973 kuma a gidan wasan kwaikwayon María Guerrero, Madrid a 1977. &lt;ref&gt;Sociedad Estatal de Conmemoraciones Culturales, (28 November 2003) {{Cite web |title=Noche de Guerra en el Museo del Prado |url=http://www.secc.es/nota_prensa.cfm?id=269 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918084755/http://secc.es/nota_prensa.cfm?id=269 |archive-date=18 September 2010 |access-date=25 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta rubuta &quot;Sun sadaukar da mu. Mu Spain ne tare da tufafi da kawuna da aka ɗauke su da tsawo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=No Beauty in Defeat |url=https://www.jacobinmag.com/2019/04/spain-civil-war-franco-nationalist-fascism}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fitarwa (1939-1977) ==
Bayan cin nasarar Jamhuriyar Republican sun gudu zuwa [[Faris|Paris]] ta hanyar [[Oran]]. Sun zauna a Paris har zuwa ƙarshen 1940 suna aiki a matsayin masu fassara don rediyo na Faransa kuma a matsayin masu sanar da watsa shirye-shiryen ''Paris-Mondial'' a Latin-Amurka. Bayan da Jamus ta mamaye Faransa sai suka tashi daga [[Marseille]] zuwa [[Buenos Aires]] a kan SS Mendoza inda suka sake haɗuwa da dubban sauran Mutanen Espanya waɗanda aka tilasta musu su gudu daga ƙasarsu. A nan ta yi amfani da gudun hijira don amfaninta don sukar kasar ta da kuma guje wa tantancewar Francoist. A shekara ta 1941 María ta haifi 'yarsu, mawaki [[Aitana Alberti León|Aitana]] . A cikin shekarun 1940 da 1950 ta ba da karatun aikinta a fa'idodi waɗanda suka taimaka wa wadanda ke fama da Nazi ko ma'aikatan yajin aiki a Argentina; da yawa daga cikinsu an shirya su tare da haɗin gwiwar soprano Isa Kremer wanda ya raira waƙa a waɗannan fa'idorin. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2025}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Tare da isowar Juan Perón tantancewar siyasa da fasaha da aka ɗora ta sa rayuwa ta ƙara wahala a Argentina kuma a cikin shekarar 1963, bayan zama shekaru 23 a Buenos Aires, sun koma Roma. A ranar 27 ga Afrilun shekarar 1977 sun koma Spain bayan kusan shekaru talatin da takwas na gudun hijira. María, duk da haka, tana fama da Cutar Alzheimer kuma ba ta iya gane ko da tsoffin abokanta mafi kusa ba. Ta shafe shekarunta na ƙarshe a wani asibiti a cikin duwatsu a wajen Madrid. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

Ta mutu a ranar 13 ga Disamban shekarar 1988 kuma an binne ta a makabartar da ke Majadahonda a wajen Madrid. A kan kabarinta akwai kalmomin da mijinta ya rubuta: &quot;Esta mañana, amor, tenemos veinte años&quot; (Yauye, soyayya, muna da shekaru ashirin). María Teresa León koyaushe tana ɗauke da ƙaunarta ga Gonzalo da Enrique, 'ya'yanta na farko. A rayuwarta ta sha wahala daga rabuwa da 'yan gudun hijira biyu suka haifar: na farko daga' ya'yanta, sannan daga kasar ta.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1988]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1903]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gaston Waringhien</title>
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'''Gaston Waringhien''' (20 ga Yulin shekarar 1901 - 20 ga Disamba, 1991) [[ilimin harsuna|masanin harshe]] ne na Faransa, [[Lexicographer|marubucin ƙamus]], kuma [[Esperantist]] . Ya rubuta waƙoƙi da kuma litattafai da littattafai kan ilimin harshe. Ya kasance shugaban Akademio de Esperanto.

== Littattafai ==

* Plena Vortaro (1930) 
* ''Plena Ilustrita Vortaro'' (1970) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=HALL |first=KATHLEEN M. |date=April 1983 |title=The translation of french poetry into esperanto:the work of gaston waringhien |url=https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/10.1093/fs/XXXVII.2.184 |journal=French Studies |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=184–197 |doi=10.1093/fs/XXXVII.2.184 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran ayyukan ==

* ''Parnasa gvidlibro'' (tare da Kálmán Kalocsay, 1932) 
* Ya haɗa da waka Dekdu Poetoj, 1934
* Plena (analiza) gramatiko (tare da Kálmán Kalocsay, 1935, 1938, 1981) 
* Facilaj esperantaj legajhoj (rubutun, 1935) 
* Maximes de La Rochefoucauld (fassara, 1935) 
* Leteroj na L.L.Zamenhof (rubutun, 1948) 
* ''Poemoj na Omar Kajam'' (fassara, 1953) 
* ''Eseoj I: Beletro'' (1956) 
* La floroj de l' malbono (&quot;Les fleurs du mal&quot; (Furen mugunta) na Charles Baudelaire, mai fassara da kuma marubuci, 1957) 
* ''Kantoj kaj romancoj'' (fassara tare da Kálmán Kalocsay) 
* La trofeoj (fassara 1977) 
* ''Tra la parko de la franca poezio: Lokacin renesanca / Lokacin klasika'' (fassara, 1977/1980) 
* La ''Laĥimeroj'' (fassara, 1976) 
* ''Lingvo kaj vivo'' (rubutu, 1969) 
* Ni kaj ĝi (rubutu, 1972) 
* ''1887 kaj la sekvo'' (rubutu, 1980) 
* ''Kaj la ceter' - nur literary'' (rubutun, 1983) 
* Duonvoison (waƙoƙi na asali, 1939 da 1963) 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1991]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1901]]</text>
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    <title>Sally Price (masanin kimiyyar)</title>
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'''Saratu''' &quot;'''Sally'''&quot; '''Lois Price''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1956)  FRS &lt;ref name=&quot;frs&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anon |year=2017 |title=Professor Sarah (Sally) Price FRS |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/sarah-sallyprice13415/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505140557/https://royalsociety.org/people/sarah-sallyprice13415/ |archive-date=2017-05-05 |website=royalsociety.org |publisher=[[Royal Society]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; masanin kimiyyar Burtaniya ce wacce [[Farfesa]] ce a fannin ilmin sunadarai a Kwalejin Jami'ar London.&lt;ref name=&quot;sally&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sally Price |url=http://www.chem.ucl.ac.uk/cposs/people/Sally.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325030913/http://www.chem.ucl.ac.uk/cposs/people/Sally.html |archive-date=2012-03-25 |website=chem.ucl.ac.uk}} &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sarah&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Professor Sarah L. Price |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/chemistry/people/professor-sarah-sally-l-price-frs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928081944/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/chemistry/people/sally-price |archive-date=2016-09-28 |access-date= |website=ucl.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;iris&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prof Sarah (Sally) Price |url=https://iris.ucl.ac.uk/iris/browse/profile?upi=SLPRI40 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206071000/http://iris.ucl.ac.uk/iris/browse/profile?upi=SLPRI40 |archive-date=2018-02-06 |website=iris.ucl.ac.uk}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Price ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Cambridge, inda aka ba ta digiri na farko a 1977 sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a 1980.&lt;ref name=iris/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=University of Cambridge|title=Model intermolecular pair potentials|first=Sarah Lois|last=Price|date=1980|url=http://ulmss-newton.lib.cam.ac.uk/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=12782|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.280206}}|website=lib.cam.ac.uk|oclc=557224619}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Binciken digirin ta ya tsara ƙarfin intermolecular tsakanin Kwayoyin diatomic kuma Anthony Stone ne ke kula da shi.&lt;ref name=frs/&gt;

== Kyaututtuka da membobin ==
An zabi Price a matsayin Fellow na Royal Society (FRS) a shekarar 2017 &lt;ref name=&quot;frs&quot;/&gt; kuma Royal Society of Chemistry ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Interdisciplinary a shekarar 2015. &lt;ref name=&quot;inter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anon |year=2015 |title=Interdisciplinary Prize 2015 Winner, Professor Sally PriceProfessor: Sarah (Sally) Price, University College London |url=http://www.rsc.org/ScienceAndTechnology/Awards/InterdisciplinaryPrize/2015-Winner-Price.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422074043/http://www.rsc.org/ScienceAndTechnology/Awards/InterdisciplinaryPrize/2015-Winner-price.asp |archive-date=2016-04-22 |website=rsc.org |publisher=[[Royal Society of Chemistry]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Farashin memba ne na American Chemical Society da British Crystallographic Association . A shekarar 2018 an zabi Price a matsayin memba na Academica Europea . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=UCL |date=4 October 2018 |title=Professors Ivan Parkin and Sally Price elected as 2018 Members of the Academica Europea |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/mathematical-physical-sciences/news/2018/oct/professors-ivan-parkin-and-sally-price-elected-2018-members-academica-europea |access-date=2018-10-05 |website=UCL Mathematical &amp; Physical Sciences |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sibongile Ndlela-Simelane</title>
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'''Sibongile Ndlela-Simelane''' ta kasance Ministar Lafiya ta [[Eswatini]] daga shekarun 2013 zuwa 2018 a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=News :: The Swaziland News |url=https://www.swazilandnews.co.za/fundza.php?nguyiphi=2974 |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=www.swazilandnews.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |title=Swaziland likely to be first to eliminate malaria in southern Africa |url=https://www.news24.com/life/wellness/body/condition-centres/malaria/all-about-prevention/swaziland-likely-to-be-first-to-eliminate-malaria-in-southern-africa-20151118 |access-date=2022-11-15 |magazine=Life |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VCFoDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Sibongile+Ndlela-Simelane&amp;pg=PA2021-IA460 |title=Political Handbook of the World 2018-2019 |date=2019-03-19 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-5443-2711-2 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PdWTBwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Sibongile+Ndlela-Simelane&amp;pg=PA1407 |title=Political Handbook of the World 2015 |date=2015-03-24 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-4833-7158-0 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;    A lokacin da take minista, ta jagoranci yin kira da a yi amfani da darussa daga martanin cutar kanjamau a kudancin Afirka don magance zazzaɓin cizon sauro. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mbulo |first=Edwin |date=1 May 2015 |title=Eswatini: Health Minister - HIV Response Can Help Tackle Malaria in Southern Africa |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201505050076.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma ba da umarnin gudanar da bincike kan cutar tarin fuka ta duniya a shekarar 2017. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=World TB Day: Swazis Unite to end TB and HIV |url=https://www.afro.who.int/news/world-tb-day-swazis-unite-end-tb-and-hiv |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=WHO {{!}} Regional Office for Africa |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2018 ta nemi a kama wani ɗan jaridar ''Eswatini Observer'' wanda ya ɗauki hotunan motocin ministocin gwamnati. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 July 2018 |title=Eswatini: Minister Demands Journalist's Arrest |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201807170135.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma ba da umarnin sabbin ofisoshi ga majalisar kula da ma'aikatan jinya ta Swaziland. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swaziland Nursing Council Inaugurates New Office {{!}} HFG |url=https://www.hfgproject.org/swaziland-nursing-council-opens-new-office-meeting-space/ |access-date=2022-11-15 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115210005/https://www.hfgproject.org/swaziland-nursing-council-opens-new-office-meeting-space/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2022, an naɗa ta a matsayin shugabar hukumar sadarwa ta Eswatini (ESSCOM). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Ndlela-Simelane ta girma a cikin iyali mai iyaye ɗaya kuma ta sanar a shekarar 2015 a Cocin Bulandzeni na Nazarene cewa ba ta taɓa haɗuwa da mahaifinta ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Times Of Swaziland |url=http://www.times.co.sz/news/105056-i%E2%80%99m-still-looking-for-my-dad-%E2%80%93-minister-sibongile.html |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=www.times.co.sz |archive-date=2022-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115210006/http://www.times.co.sz/news/105056-i%E2%80%99m-still-looking-for-my-dad-%E2%80%93-minister-sibongile.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tahseen Bahar Shuchona</title>
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'''Tahseen Bahar Shuchona''' ɗan siyasan Bangladesh ne kuma magajin garin Cumilla City Corporation na uku.    Likita ta hanyar sana'a, Suchona ita ce mace ta farko magajin garin Cumilla. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-04-20 |title=AL leaders bag Cumilla, Mymensingh cities |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/227469/tahseen-bahar-shuchona-elected-cumilla-city-mayor |access-date=2024-04-20 |work=New Age |language=en |archive-date=2024-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420105953/https://www.newagebd.net/article/227469/tahseen-bahar-shuchona-elected-cumilla-city-mayor |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-04-04 |title=Newly elected Cumilla, Mymensingh city mayors take oath |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/newly-elected-cumilla-mymensingh-city-mayors-take-oath-3581846 |access-date=2024-04-20 |work=The Daily Star |agency=UNB |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Tana wakiltar Bangladesh Awami League .  

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Suchona ga AKM Bahauddin Bahar da Meharun Nassa. Mahaifinta Bahar ɗan siyasan Bangladesh ne daga ƙungiyar Awami kuma ɗan majalisa mai ci na Comilla-6 . Suchona ta kammala digirin ta na MBBS daga Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Gabas, Comilla. Daga baya ta kaddamar da kungiyar jin dadin jama'a wato 'Jagroto Manobikota'.    &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Intra University Idea Sharing Competition |url=https://britannia.edu.bd/news_detail.php?node=69 |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=Britannia University}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Aikin siyasa ==
Shiga cikin siyasa Tahseen Bahar Suchona ya fara ne da matsayinta na sakatariyar shirya taron reshen birnin Cumilla na ƙungiyar Awami League.  Daga baya ta tsaya takarar kujerar magajin gari a zaɓen maye gurbin kamfanin Cumilla City Corporation.  A ranar 9 ga Maris, 2024, an zaɓi Suchona a matsayin magajin gari, inda ta sami ƙuri'u 48,890.     Bayan faduwar gwamnatin ƙungiyar Awami League a lokacin zanga-zangar sauye-sauyen ƙa'ida a Bangladesh ta 2024, Suchona da mahaifinta sun gudu zuwa Indiya kuma an ruwaito cewa suna zaune a Kolkata ƙarƙashin kariyar wani shugaban siyasa na yankin.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Superadmin |title=কলকাতায় রাজনৈতিক নেতার আশ্রয়ে আত্মগোপনে বাহার ও তার মেয়ে, দাবি ভারতীয় গণমাধ্যমের |url=https://www.amadershomoy.com/international/article/121762 |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=amadershomoy.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 19 ga Agusta, 2024, gwamnatin ƙasa ta cire ta daga magajin gari tare da wasu magajin gari da sauran zaɓaɓɓun jami'an gwamnatin ƙananan hukumomi. 

== Kyaututtuka ==
A shekarar 2021, an karrama Tahseen Bahar Suchona da lambar yabo ta JCI TOYP (Tow Outstanding Young Persons) daga Junior Chamber International Bangladesh . An karrama Suchona ne saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin sakatare janar na 'Jagroto Manobikota'.     &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-12-11 |title=Tahsin Bahar Suchana, Javed Sultan receives JCI TOYP award |url=https://pressxpress.org/2022/12/11/tahsin-bahar-suchana-javed-sultan-receives-jci-toyp-award/ |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=Press Xpress |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Takaddama ==
Saboda rawar da ta taka a lokacin kisan kiyashin watan Yuli, an shigar da ƙarar kisan kai da dama a kan Suchona da mahaifinta, waɗanda gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya ta Muhammad Yunus ke bincike a kansu. Ana zargin Suchona da hannu a azabtar da masu zanga-zanga a yankin Cumilla a lokacin zanga-zangar sauye-sauyen ƙa'ida a Bangladesh ta 2024.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rebecca Chan Chung</title>
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'''Rebecca Chan Chung''' ( Chinese; an san ta da ƙwarewa da '''Rebecca Chan''', Chinese; 27 ga Yuni, 1920 - 7 ga Disamba, 2011) ta kasance ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ta soja wacce ta yi aiki tare da Flying Tigers da Sojojin [[Amurka]] a [[Sin|China]] a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]]. A matsayinta na ma'aikaciyar jinya a Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na China (CNAC), ta yi tafiya a kan jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu kusan sau hamsin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.cnac.org/ |website=cnac.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan yaƙin, ta zama malamar aikin jinya kuma shugabar sashen aikin jinya a [[Hong Kong]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Profiles |url=http://ww12.arianalife.com/tc/topic-type-tc/profiles-tc/%E5%86%B7%E7%9A%84%E6%89%8B%EF%BC%8C%E7%86%B1%E7%9A%84%E5%BF%83/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630104916/http://ww12.arianalife.com/tc/topic-type-tc/profiles-tc/%E5%86%B7%E7%9A%84%E6%89%8B%EF%BC%8C%E7%86%B1%E7%9A%84%E5%BF%83/ |archive-date=June 30, 2023 |website=ww12.arianalife.com}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko ==

=== Haihuwar haihuwa da iyaye ===
An haifi Rebecca Chan Chung a asibitin David Gregg na Mata da Yara (wanda aka fi sani da asibitin Yiji 柔濟醫院 da ke kan Duo Bao Road 多寶路 a Guangzhou, China, a lokacin Warlord Era. Ita ce ta biyu daga cikin iyayenta. Mahaifiyarta, Lee Sun Chau 周理信 (1890-1979), tana ɗaya daga cikin likitocin mata na Yammacin kasar Sin na farko a China kuma likitanci ne a asibitar David Gregg don Mata da Yara a lokacin haihuwar Rebecca Chan Chung. Mahaifinta, Po-Yin Chan (陳步賢) (1883-1965), ya kasance mai juyin juya hali a karkashin Dokta Sun Yat-sen a Juyin Juya Halin kasar Sin na 1911 kuma ya kasance Sanata na Guangzhou a cikin 1920s.

=== Makaranta ===
Rebecca Chan Chung ta kammala karatu daga makarantar St. Paul's Girls&quot; School (firamare, a halin yanzu St. Paul ta Co-educational College) a [[Hong Kong]] a 1933. A shekara ta 1938, ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar 'yan mata ta Diocesan (makarantar sakandare) a [[Hong Kong]], lokacin da Miss H.D. Sawyer ta kasance shugabar makarantar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Headmistresses of DGS and DGJS |url=http://www.doga.org.hk/index.php/conversations/110-interviews/headmistresses/80-headmistresses-of-dgs-and-dgjs |website=www.doga.org.hk }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Rebecca Chan ta sami horo na jinya wanda Gwamnatin [[Hong Kong]] ta gudanar a asibitin Sarauniya Mary (Hong Kong), Hong Kong, a cikin 1938-1941. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, a Yaƙin Hong Kong a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1941, ta kammala karatu a cikin gaggawa, tare da Takardar shaidar Horar da Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Gwamnatin Hong Kong ta bayar a ranar 10 ga Disamba. Babban Matron Alice Mary Davies  da Darakta na Ayyukan Kiwon Lafiya Sir Percy Selwyn Selwyn-Clarke ne suka sanya hannu kan takardar shaidar.

A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] a 1942–1943, Chan ma'aikaciyar jinya ce a Flying Tigers sannan kuma Rundunar Sojan Amurka, a ko kusa da Filin Jirgin Sama na Kunming (wanda a halin yanzu ake kira Kunming Wujiaba International Airport ), Kunming, [[Sin|China]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 26, 2015 |title=UB lecture, exhibit to commemorate role of Flying Tigers in World War II |url=http://buffalonews.com/2015/09/26/ub-lecture-exhibit-to-commemorate-role-of-flying-tigers-in-world-war-ii/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi aiki da likita Fred Manget, wacce take ƙarƙashin Claire Lee Chennault . A 1943–1944, a matsayin mai kula da jiragen sama (Nurse) tare da Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Ƙasa na China (CNAC),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CNAC - China National Aviation Corporation |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/cn1.htm |website=www.timetableimages.com |access-date=2026-03-21 |archive-date=2026-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260217210730/https://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/cn1.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 9, 2010 |title=What was CNAC? |url=http://gregcrouch.com/2010/what-was-cnac}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sowerby |first=Arthur de Carle |date=June 16, 2011 |title=China National Aviation Corporation: CNAC Douglas DC 2 flying over Shanghai |url=https://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_arc_286227}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Legend of CNAC: China National Aviation Corporation, 1929–1949 |url=https://www.flysfo.com/museum/exhibitions/legend-cnac-china-national-aviation-corporation-1929%E2%80%931949 |website=www.flysfo.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ta tashi sama da Hump &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chen |first=C. Peter |title=Burma Road and the Hump |url=http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=326}}&lt;/ref&gt; ta ratsa [[Himalaya|Himalayas]] tsakanin Calcutta, [[Indiya]], da [[Chongqing]], [[Sin|China]], kusan sau hamsin. Waɗannan jiragen suna da haɗari saboda jiragen propeller da ake da su a wancan lokacin ba su dace da tashi a tsaunukan da ake buƙata ba. A shekarar 1942, Japan ta yanke hanyar Burma,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Burma Road &amp;#124; highway, Asia &amp;#124; Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Burma-Road |access-date=June 30, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Burma Road facts, information, pictures - Encyclopedia.com articles about Burma Road |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/places/asia/myanmar-political-geography/burma-road |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Burma Road @ National Geographic Magazine |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0311/feature5/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106113221/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0311/feature5/ |archive-date=January 6, 2008 |website=ngm.nationalgeographic.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; don haka hanyar Hump ta zama hanya ɗaya tilo ta shiga China. A tsakanin 1943–1948, ta kasance mai kula da jiragen sama, ma'aikaciyar jinya sannan kuma babbar ma'aikaciyar jinya a Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Ƙasa na China wanda ke da hedikwata a Filin Jirgin Sama na Dum Dum (wanda a halin yanzu ake kira Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport ), [[Kolkata]] (ko Calcutta), [[Indiya]], kuma bayan 1946 a Filin Jirgin Sama na Shanghai Longhua, [[Shanghai]], [[Sin|China]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CNAC Flight Stewadress Rebecca Chan |url=http://cnac.org/rebeccachan01.htm |website=cnac.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tarihin rayuwarta, ''Piloted to Serve'', ya ba da cikakkun bayanai game da gogewarta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Piloted to Serve: Memoirs of World War II Veteran Rebecca Chung - The American Legion |url=https://www.legion.org/yourwords/books/168156/piloted-serve-memoirs-world-war-ii-veteran-rebecca-chung |website=www.legion.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Piloted to Serve |url=https://www.facebook.com/PilotedToServe/ |website=www.facebook.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nurse of Flying Tigers honored |url=http://chinawatch.washingtonpost.com/2015/01/nurse-of-flying-tigers-honored/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518123258/http://chinawatch.washingtonpost.com/2015/01/nurse-of-flying-tigers-honored/ |archive-date=May 18, 2017 |access-date=April 27, 2017 |website=chinawatch.washingtonpost.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2011]]
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'''Mala'ikun Bataan''' (wanda aka fi sani da &quot;Mala'ikun Bataan da Corregidor &quot; da &quot;Battle Belles of Bataan&quot;  ) su ne membobin Rundunar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Sojojin Amurka da Rundunar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Sojojin Ruwa ta Amurka waɗanda aka tura su Philippines a farkon [[Yakin Pacific|Yaƙin Pacific]] kuma suka yi aiki a lokacin Yaƙin Philippines (1941–1942) . Lokacin da Bataan da Corregidor suka mutu, an kama ma'aikatan jinya na ruwa 11, ma'aikatan jinya na sojoji 66, da kuma ma'aikacin jinya-mai ba da maganin sa barci 1 aka tsare su a cikin da kewayen [[Manila]].   Sun ci gaba da aiki a matsayin sashin jinya yayin da suke fursunonin yaƙi . &lt;ref&gt;Monahan, Evelyn M. &amp; Neidel-Greenlee, Rosemary (2004). ''And If I Perish: Frontline U.S. Army Nurses in World War II'', p. 19 (First Anchor Books Ed.) {{ISBN|1-4000-3129-X}}&lt;/ref&gt; An 'yantar da su a watan Fabrairun 1945. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Angels of Bataan |url=https://www.dla.mil/About-DLA/Images/igphoto/2002274530/mediaid/4108939/ |website=www.dla.mil |access-date=2026-03-21 |archive-date=2025-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251003100648/https://www.dla.mil/About-DLA/Images/igphoto/2002274530/mediaid/4108939/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== A Manila ==
A farkon Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, an tura ma'aikatan jinya na Sojojin Amurka da na Sojojin Ruwa zuwa Asibitin Sternberg da ke Manila, da sauran asibitocin sojoji da ke kewaye da Manila. A lokacin Yaƙin Philippines (1941-1942), ma'aikatan jinya na Sojojin Amurka 88 sun tsere, a makon ƙarshe na Disamba 1941, zuwa Corregidor da Bataan. 
[[Fayil:Sternberg_Hospital_1940.jpg|right|thumb|Babban Asibitin Sternberg, Manila, 1940.]]
Ma'aikatan jinya guda biyu na sojoji, Laftanar Floramund A. Fellmeth da Laftanar Florence MacDonald, sun raka marasa lafiya da suka ji rauni sosai daga Sternberg a cikin jirgin ruwan asibiti &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwNQ&quot;&gt;na Mactan&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; wanda ya tashi daga Manila jim kaɗan bayan tsakar dare na Sabuwar Shekara ta 1942 zuwa Ostiraliya. 

Ma'aikatan jinya na sojojin ruwa, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Laftana Laura M. Cobb, sun tsaya a Manila a lokacin mamayar farko don tallafa wa marasa lafiya a can. Ɗaya daga cikinsu, Ann A. Bernatitus, ta tsere daga Manila zuwa Bataan jim kaɗan kafin a kama Manila.   Sauran ma'aikatan jinya na sojojin ruwa 11 an kama su ne bayan faɗuwar Manila kuma 'yan [[Japan]] suka tsare su a Santo Tomas.  

Ma'aikatan jinya na sojoji, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kyaftin Maude Davison da Laftanar Josephine Nesbit na 2, tare da ma'aikacin jinya na ruwa Bernatitus, sun tsere daga Manila suka ci gaba da yin hidima a Yaƙin Bataan da Yaƙin Corregidor .  

== A kan Bataan ==
A ƙarshen Disamba 1941, an tura da yawa daga cikin ma'aikatan jinya zuwa wasu asibitoci biyu na fagen daga a Bataan mai suna Asibiti #1 da Asibiti #2. [1] [2] Waɗannan asibitocin sun haɗa da sassan farko na buɗe ido a tarihin Amurka tun bayan Yaƙin Basasa. [3] Cututtukan wurare masu zafi, ciki har da zazzabin cizon sauro da [[gudawa]], sun yaɗu tsakanin marasa lafiya da ma'aikatan asibiti. [4] [5]
[[Fayil:Bataan_Hospital.gif|right|thumb|Ma'aikaciyar jinya a Sashen Asibitin Bataan]]
Kafin faɗuwar Bataan a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1942, an umarci ma'aikatan jinya da ke aiki a can zuwa sansanin soja na Corregidor ta hannun Janar Wainwright (kwamandan sojojin Philippines bayan an ba MacArthur umarnin zuwa Ostiraliya).   

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''''Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Yara da Mata''''' littafi ne wanda Majid Rafizadeh ya rubuta, masanin kimiyyar siyasa na Amurka, mai magana da jama'a, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, masanin [[Jami'ar Harvard]] kuma mai sharhi na talabijin wanda ya girma a [[Iran]] da [[Siriya]]. An buga shi a cikin 2015 ta The West Wing House, an karbe shi kuma an tsara shi ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai da yawa na ƙasa da na duniya, gami da [[BBC]], Fars News Agency, da Frontpage Magazine.&lt;ref name=&quot;Telegraph&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 6, 2015 |title=Paperback Pickings |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151106/jsp/opinion/story_51608.jsp#.VoBYHWTF8oU |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105141140/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151106/jsp/opinion/story_51608.jsp#.VoBYHWTF8oU |archive-date=January 5, 2016 |access-date=Feb 11, 2016 |publisher=Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin littafinsa, Rafizadeh ya kwatanta haɗuwa tsakanin addinin Islama da [[Child marriage|auren yara]]. Ya bayyana alaƙar da ke tsakanin tsarin shugabanci da na maza, da kuma rikice-rikicen yanki, Islama, da [[Syrian Civil War|Yaƙin basasar Siriya]]. Ya yi magana game da tarihin zamantakewa, siyasa, da al'adu na Islama daga ra'ayoyin zamantakewa da siyasa da tunani.&lt;ref name=&quot;Review&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=BBC Persian |date=December 18, 2015 |title=BOOK REVIEW: A GOD WHO HATES WOMEN |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vC94vdLizLc |access-date=Feb 11, 2016 |publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Review Gulf&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2016 |title=BOOK REVIEW: Child Marriage and Islam |url=http://www.gulf-24.com/latest-news/242885.html |access-date=Feb 11, 2016 |publisher=Gulf News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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'''''Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Yara da Mata''''' littafi ne wanda Majid Rafizadeh ya rubuta, masanin kimiyyar siyasa na Amurka, mai magana da jama'a, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, masanin [[Jami'ar Harvard]] kuma mai sharhi na talabijin wanda ya girma a [[Iran]] da [[Siriya]]. An buga shi a cikin shekarar 2015 ta The West Wing House, an karbe shi kuma an tsara shi ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai da yawa na ƙasa da na duniya, gami da [[BBC]], Fars News Agency, da Frontpage Magazine.&lt;ref name=&quot;Telegraph&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 6, 2015 |title=Paperback Pickings |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151106/jsp/opinion/story_51608.jsp#.VoBYHWTF8oU |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105141140/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151106/jsp/opinion/story_51608.jsp#.VoBYHWTF8oU |archive-date=January 5, 2016 |access-date=Feb 11, 2016 |publisher=Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin littafinsa, Rafizadeh ya kwatanta haɗuwa tsakanin addinin Islama da [[Child marriage|auren yara]]. Ya bayyana alaƙar da ke tsakanin tsarin shugabanci da na maza, da kuma rikice-rikicen yanki, Islama, da [[Syrian Civil War|Yaƙin basasar Siriya]]. Ya yi magana game da tarihin zamantakewa, siyasa, da al'adu na Islama daga ra'ayoyin zamantakewa da siyasa da tunani.&lt;ref name=&quot;Review&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=BBC Persian |date=December 18, 2015 |title=BOOK REVIEW: A GOD WHO HATES WOMEN |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vC94vdLizLc |access-date=Feb 11, 2016 |publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Review Gulf&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2016 |title=BOOK REVIEW: Child Marriage and Islam |url=http://www.gulf-24.com/latest-news/242885.html |access-date=Feb 11, 2016 |publisher=Gulf News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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'''''Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Yara da Mata''''' littafi ne wanda Majid Rafizadeh ya rubuta, masanin kimiyyar siyasa na Amurka, mai magana da jama'a, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, masanin [[Jami'ar Harvard]] kuma mai sharhi na talabijin wanda ya girma a [[Iran]] da [[Siriya]]. An buga shi a cikin shekarar 2015 ta The West Wing House, an karbe shi kuma an tsara shi ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai da yawa na ƙasa da na duniya, gami da [[BBC]], Fars News Agency, da Frontpage Magazine.&lt;ref name=&quot;Telegraph&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 6, 2015 |title=Paperback Pickings |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151106/jsp/opinion/story_51608.jsp#.VoBYHWTF8oU |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105141140/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151106/jsp/opinion/story_51608.jsp#.VoBYHWTF8oU |archive-date=January 5, 2016 |access-date=Feb 11, 2016 |publisher=Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin littafinsa, Rafizadeh ya kwatanta haɗuwa tsakanin addinin Islama da [[Child marriage|auren yara]]. Ya kuma bayyana alaƙar da ke tsakanin tsarin shugabanci da na maza, da kuma rikice-rikicen yanki, Islama, da [[Syrian Civil War|Yaƙin basasar Siriya]]. Ya yi magana game da tarihin zamantakewa, siyasa, da al'adu na Islama daga ra'ayoyin zamantakewa da siyasa da tunani.&lt;ref name=&quot;Review&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=BBC Persian |date=December 18, 2015 |title=BOOK REVIEW: A GOD WHO HATES WOMEN |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vC94vdLizLc |access-date=Feb 11, 2016 |publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Review Gulf&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2016 |title=BOOK REVIEW: Child Marriage and Islam |url=http://www.gulf-24.com/latest-news/242885.html |access-date=Feb 11, 2016 |publisher=Gulf News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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'''''Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Yara da Mata''''' littafi ne wanda Majid Rafizadeh ya rubuta, masanin kimiyyar siyasa na Amurka, mai magana da jama'a, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, masanin [[Jami'ar Harvard]] kuma mai sharhi na talabijin wanda ya girma a [[Iran]] da [[Siriya]]. An buga shi a cikin shekarar 2015 ta The West Wing House, an karbe shi kuma an tsara shi ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai da yawa na ƙasa da na duniya, gami da [[BBC]], Fars News Agency, da Frontpage Magazine.&lt;ref name=&quot;Telegraph&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 6, 2015 |title=Paperback Pickings |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151106/jsp/opinion/story_51608.jsp#.VoBYHWTF8oU |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105141140/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151106/jsp/opinion/story_51608.jsp#.VoBYHWTF8oU |archive-date=January 5, 2016 |access-date=Feb 11, 2016 |publisher=Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin littafinsa, Rafizadeh ya kwatanta haɗuwa tsakanin addinin Islama da [[Child marriage|auren yara]]. Ya kuma bayyana alaƙar da ke tsakanin tsarin shugabanci da na maza, da kuma rikice-rikicen yanki, Islama, da [[Syrian Civil War|Yaƙin basasar Siriya]]. Ya kuma yi magana game da tarihin zamantakewa, siyasa, da al'adu na Islama daga ra'ayoyin zamantakewa da siyasa da tunani.&lt;ref name=&quot;Review&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=BBC Persian |date=December 18, 2015 |title=BOOK REVIEW: A GOD WHO HATES WOMEN |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vC94vdLizLc |access-date=Feb 11, 2016 |publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Review Gulf&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2016 |title=BOOK REVIEW: Child Marriage and Islam |url=http://www.gulf-24.com/latest-news/242885.html |access-date=Feb 11, 2016 |publisher=Gulf News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rhonda Cornum</title>
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'''Rhonda L. Cornum''' (an haife ta a ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 1954) jami'in Sojojin Amurka ne mai ritaya kuma Darakta na dabarun kiwon lafiya na TechWerks . &lt;ref name=&quot;techworks&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=http://technologywerks.com/about_us.html |publisher=TechWerks |access-date=2026-03-26 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221241/http://technologywerks.com/about_us.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita likita ce, mai takardar shaidar kwamitin a cikin urology, bayan ta sami digiri na biyu a cikin [[Biochemistry|ilmin sunadarai]] da [[Abinci mai gina jiki]] daga [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] . Cornum ya yi aiki a Cibiyar Bincike ta Sojojin Letterman a Presidio na San Francisco kuma ya shiga Jami'ar Kimiyya ta Lafiya, Bethesda, Maryland, a shekarar 1982. Ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2012 a matsayin Brigadier Janar, Darakta na Cikakken Soja Fitness a cikin Sojojin Soja G-3/5/7 division.&lt;ref name=&quot;usacac&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Brigadier General Rhonda Cornum, Ph.D., M.D. |url=http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/Events/CSF/BG_Rhonda_Cornum_Bio.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215214339/http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/Events/CSF/BG_Rhonda_Cornum_Bio.pdf |archive-date=December 15, 2010 |access-date=January 21, 2011 |publisher=[[United States Army Combined Arms Center]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta umurci Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Yankin Landstuhl, ta kasance shugabar aji a Kwalejin Yakin Kasa, sannan ta zama likitan tiyata na Kwamandan Sojojin Amurka. A matsayinta na brigadier janar, ta kasance Mataimakin Likita Janar na Sojojin Amurka don Kariya ta Sojoji kafin ta yi aiki a cikin shirin motsa jiki na soja. Cornum ya yi ritaya a ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2012.

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
Bayan horo a fannin ilmin sunadarai, Cornum ta halarci Jami'ar Uniformed Services, makarantar likitancin soja ta kasa. A lokacin karatunta, ta sadu da mijinta na gaba, Kory Cornum, wanda zai sami aikin soja a cikin [[United States Air Force|Sojojin Sama na Amurka]] kuma ya kai matsayin brigadier general.

== Ayyukan soja ==
A Cibiyar Jiragen Sama ta Sojojin Amurka, Cornum ta yi bincike kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin likitan tiyata a Cibiyar Fitar da Jiragen Sama ta Sojojin Amurka . Abubuwan da take sha'awa sun fi mayar da hankali ne kan abubuwan da ke haifar da tashin jirgin sama na ɗan adam. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rhonda Cornum |date=Nov–Dec 1989 |title=Crew Endurance: a New Perspective |journal=United States Army Aviation Digest. |volume=35}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Yaƙin Tekun Gulf ===
A matsayinta na likitan tiyatar jirgin sama tare da Rundunar Jiragen Sama ta 229, Manjo Cornum a lokacin tana cikin jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu na Black Hawk a wani aikin bincike da ceto, tana neman matukin jirgin F-16 da ya faɗi, a lokacin Yaƙin Tekun Gulf . [1] Lokacin da aka harbo jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 1991, ta sami karyewar hannaye biyu, yatsu da ya karye, raunin harbin bindiga a baya, da sauran raunuka. [1] Bayan ta farfado, ta ce tunaninta na farko shine &quot;Babu wanda ya taɓa mutuwa sakamakon ciwo.&quot; [2]

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Senne Lammens</title>
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[[Fayil:Senne Lammens 2025.png|thumb|Senne Lammens]]
'''Senne Lammens''' (an haife shi 7 ga Yuli 2002) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar [[Belgium]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga [[Royal Antwerp F.C.]] a gasar [[Belgian Pro League]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senne Lammens Profile |url=https://royalantwerpfc.be |publisher=Royal Antwerp FC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar Farko ==
An haifi Senne Lammens a birnin [[Zottegem]], Belgium, inda ya fara taka ƙwallo tun yana ƙarami a ƙungiyoyin matasa kafin ya shiga tsarin horo na manyan kulake.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Youth development Belgium |url=https://www.rbfa.be |publisher=Royal Belgian FA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsayinsa da ƙwarewarsa a raga sun ja hankalin masu horo tun yana matashi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Young Belgian goalkeeping talents |work=HLN |url=https://www.hln.be}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin Ƙungiya ==
=== Club Brugge ===
Lammens ya shiga makarantar matasa ta [[Club Brugge KV]] inda ya ci gaba da bunƙasa har ya rattaba hannu kan kwangilar ƙwararru a shekarar 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Club Brugge contract news |url=https://www.clubbrugge.be/ |access-date=2026-04-02 |archive-date=2012-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629120010/http://www.clubbrugge.be/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da cewa bai samu yawan buga wasa a babbar ƙungiya ba, ya kasance cikin jerin ‘yan wasa a wasannin gasar cikin gida da na Turai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Brugge squad update |work=Het Nieuwsblad |url=https://www.nieuwsblad.be}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Royal Antwerp ===
A shekarar 2023 ya koma [[Royal Antwerp F.C.]], inda ya fara samun dama a matsayin mai tsaron gida na farko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Antwerp signs Lammens |url=https://royalantwerpfc.be}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a wasannin lig da kofin cikin gida, inda ya nuna ƙwarewa wajen kare bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida da kuma sarrafa kwallayen sama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Antwerp match report |work=De Standaard |url=https://www.standaard.be}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin Ƙasa ==
Lammens ya wakilci [[Belgium national under-16 football team|Belgium U16]], [[Belgium national under-17 football team|Belgium U17]], da kuma [[Belgium national under-21 football team|Belgium U21]] a matakin matasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Belgium youth squads |url=https://www.rbfa.be}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kasance cikin jerin ‘yan wasan da ake sa ran za su taka rawa a babbar tawagar Belgium nan gaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Future of Belgian goalkeepers |work=Sporza |url=https://sporza.be}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon Wasa ==
Senne Lammens mai tsaron gida ne mai tsayi (1.93 m), wanda aka san shi da ƙwarewa wajen tsayawa da bugun daga nesa, da kuma iya fara harin ƙungiya daga baya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Goalkeeper analysis |work=HLN |url=https://www.hln.be}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masana sun yaba masa da nutsuwa da kuma karfin hali a wasanni masu muhimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Antwerp goalkeeper performance |work=Het Nieuwsblad |url=https://www.nieuwsblad.be}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Belgian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Belgium youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Royal Antwerp F.C. players]]
[[Category:Club Brugge KV players]]
[[Category:Belgian Pro League players]]
[[Category:Association football goalkeepers]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sarah Richardson</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>893292</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T02:17:52Z</timestamp>
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'''Sarah Richardson''' (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 1971) 'Yar ƙasar Kanada ce [[Zane na ciki|mai kayan ado]] da talabijin wadda ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai gyaran gashi a shekarar 1994. Tun daga lokacin, ta ɗauki nauyin shirye-shiryen talabijin guda tara kan kayan ado ga HGTV a Kanada . Ita ce ta karɓi ''kyautar Gemini'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 November 2010 |title=Winner Sarah Richardson attends the 25th Annual Gemini Awards -... |url=https://www.gettyimages.ca/detail/news-photo/winner-sarah-richardson-attends-the-25th-annual-gemini-news-photo/106463542 |access-date=2019-05-09 |website=Getty Images |language=en-gb |archive-date=2019-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509210219/https://www.gettyimages.ca/detail/news-photo/winner-sarah-richardson-attends-the-25th-annual-gemini-news-photo/106463542 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma kyautar ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'yan ƙasa da shekara 40 mafiya kyau a Kanada'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Canada's Top 40 Under 40 - Honourees 2007 |url=https://www.canadastop40under40.com/honourees-2007.html |access-date=2019-05-09 |website=www.canadastop40under40.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; .

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Richardson a ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 1971, a [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/tommystatus/status/127577260373970944 |access-date=2014-01-15 |publisher=Twitter}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifiyarta, Susan Cuddy, ta kasance darektan zane da ci gaba ga tsohuwar Birnin Toronto.&lt;ref name=&quot;yourhome12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-04-18 |title=Yourhome is no longer available &amp;#124; Toronto Star |url=http://www.yourhome.ca/homes/decor/article/743906--design-dynamo-sarah-richardson-can-t-lay-off |access-date=2014-01-15 |publisher=Yourhome.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinta, Douglas Richardson, farfesa ne mai ritaya a tarihin fasaha da gine-gine a Jami'ar Toronto . Ɗan'uwanta, Theo Richardson, shi ma mai zane ne kuma abokin tarayya ne a kamfanin New York City na Rich, Brilliant, Willing . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sarah Richardson Design |url=http://www.sarahrichardsondesign.com/news/articles/1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100508100509/http://www.sarahrichardsondesign.com/news/articles/1 |archive-date=May 8, 2010 |access-date=2023-06-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyayen Richardson sun sake aure lokacin da take 'yar shekara biyar.

Richardson ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Toronto a Kwalejin Havergal . &lt;ref name=&quot;yourhome1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-04-18 |title=Yourhome is no longer available &amp;#124; Toronto Star |url=http://www.yourhome.ca/homes/decor/article/743906--design-dynamo-sarah-richardson-can-t-lay-off |access-date=2014-01-15 |publisher=Yourhome.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1993, ta sami B.A. a cikin Visual Arts (haɗin Tarihin Fasaha da Fasaha na Studio) daga Jami'ar Western Ontario inda ta kasance a cikin Gamma Phi Beta sorority.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alumni Western - Sarah Richardson |url=http://www.alumni.uwo.ca/connect/notable-alumni/sarah-richardson.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401075120/http://www.alumni.uwo.ca/connect/notable-alumni/sarah-richardson.html |archive-date=April 1, 2012 |access-date=November 6, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-12-17 |title=Question + Answer |url=http://www.sarahrichardsondesign.com/sarah/faqs |access-date=2014-01-15 |publisher=Sarah Richardson Design |archive-date=2013-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510063053/http://www.sarahrichardsondesign.com/sarah/faqs |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
[[Fayil:Sarah_Richardson_Design.svg|thumb|Alamar Sarah Richardson Design]]
Sarah Richardson tana gudanar da kamfanin kayan ado na ciki '''Sarah Richardson Design''', wanda ta kafa a shekarar 1998. &lt;ref name=&quot;SRD-Sarah&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Sarah |url=https://sarahrichardsondesign.com/sarah |publisher=Sarah Richardson Design |access-date=2026-04-06 |archive-date=2023-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201071010/https://www.sarahrichardsondesign.com/sarah |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DesignLab-SRD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sarah Richardson Design |url=https://www.designlab.net/projects/srd/index.php |publisher=Design Lab |access-date=2026-04-06 |archive-date=2024-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201214051/https://www.designlab.net/projects/srd/index.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shirye-shiryen talabijin da Sarah Richardson ta shirya sun hada da:

* ''Design Inc.''
* ''Ayyukan Gida''
* ''Gidan Saratu''
* ''Gidan Sarauta''
* ''Saratu 101''
* ''Gaskiya Mai Ikon''
* ''Gidan haya na Sarah''
* ''Saratu Daga Gidan Gidan''
* ''Fitowar Sarauta ta Tsere''&lt;ref name=&quot;RealScreen-20220603&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Andrew Tracy |date=3 June 2022 |title=Corus slates six new series, three docs across lifestyle and factual nets for 2022-23 |url=https://realscreen.com/2022/06/03/corus-slates-six-new-series-three-docs-across-lifestyle-and-factual-nets-for-2022-23/ |publisher=RealScreen}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta wallafa littattafan zane-zane na ciki da yawa mafi kyawun sayarwa, kuma tana gudanar da tashar YouTube mai suna tare da masu biyan kuɗi sama da dubu ɗari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sarah Richardson |url=https://www.simonandschuster.com/authors/Sarah-Richardson/460090844 |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=Simon &amp; Schuster}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=WATCH Sarah Richardson Design Life |url=https://sarahrichardsondesign.com/watch |publisher=Sarah Richardson Design |access-date=2026-04-06 |archive-date=2024-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612204216/https://www.sarahrichardsondesign.com/watch |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sarah Richardson |url=https://www.youtube.com/@SarahRichardsonDsgn |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Richardson ta auri Alexander Younger . Ma'auratan suna zaune a Toronto tare da 'ya'yansu mata biyu Robin (an haife su a watan Maris na shekara ta 2006) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Sarah Richardson's Nursery « Canadian Family |url=http://www.canadianfamily.ca/articles/slideshow/sarah-richardsons-nursery/ |access-date=2014-01-15 |publisher=Canadianfamily.ca |archive-date=2010-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229064522/http://www.canadianfamily.ca/articles/slideshow/sarah-richardsons-nursery/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; da Fiona (an haifi su a watan Agusta na shekara ta 2008). Richardson da Younger kuma suna da gidan bazara a Georgian Bay a Ontario, wanda Richardson ya yi wa ado kuma ya nuna shi a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Kanada Sarah's Cottage, wanda aka kuma watsa shi a Amurka a ƙarƙashin taken Sarah's Summer House . Gidan bazara yana aiki da hasken rana da propane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Sarah's Summer House : Sarah Richardson : Home &amp; Garden Television |url=http://www.hgtv.com/sarahs-summer-house/show/index.html |access-date=2014-01-15 |publisher=Hgtv.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dukkanin 'ya'yanta mata masu tsere ne.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pique-5916662&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Noel |first=Alyssa |date=2022-10-06 |title=Whistler B&amp;B transformed into luxury rental on HGTV show |url=https://www.piquenewsmagazine.com/local-arts/whistler-bb-transformed-into-luxury-rental-on-hgtv-show-5916662 |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=Pique Newsmagazine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rihairo Meulens</title>
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'''Rihairo Meulens''' (an haife shi 3 Yuni 1988) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Curacaoan wanda ke taka leda a ASV Dronten a cikin ƙaramin matakin Tweede Klasse . 

== Sana'a ==

=== Kulob ===
Meulens ɗan wasan gaba ne wanda aka haifa a Apeldoorn kuma ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru, yana cikin ƙungiyar Vitesse Arnhem a kakar wasa ta 2006-07. Ya yi kakar wasa ta 2007-08 a matsayin aro tare da AGOVV . 

A farkon kakar wasa ta 2011-12, an yi masa gwaji a De Graafschap, amma daga ƙarshe ya koma ƙungiyar Eerste Divisie ta Almere City FC a ranar 11 ga Yulin 2011.

A watan Yulin 2015, Meulens ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Azerbaijan, Zira FK . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 July 2015 |title=Rihairo Muelens Zirə də! |url=http://fczire.az/index.php?options=news&amp;news_id=35&amp;id=38 |access-date=30 July 2015 |website=fczire.az/ |publisher=Zira FK |language=Azerbaijani}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 5 ga Janairun 2016, Meulens ya soke kwantiraginsa da Zira bisa amincewar juna. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 January 2016 |title=Rihairo Meulens Zirə dən ayrıldı |url=http://fczire.az/index.php?options=news&amp;news_id=85&amp;id=38&amp;language=az |access-date=5 January 2016 |website=fczire.az |publisher=Zira FK |language=Azerbaijani}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan barin Zira, Meulens ya shiga gwaji tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kazakhstan Premier League Irtysh Pavlodar, inda ya zira kwallaye a wasan da suka doke Dila Gori da ci 3-2 a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 February 2016 |title=ФК Иртыш - ФК Дила |url=http://fcirtysh.kz/news/361-fk-irtysh-fk-dila.html |access-date=3 February 2016 |website=fcirtysh.kz |publisher=[[FC Irtysh Pavlodar]] |language=Russian |archive-date=12 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312085908/http://fcirtysh.kz/news/361-fk-irtysh-fk-dila.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A farkon watan Yulin 2016, Meulens ya shiga shari'a a ƙungiyar Eerste Divisie FC Volendam, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2016 |title=Rihairo Meulens en Iain Ramsay op proef bij FC Volendam |url=http://www.fcvolendam.nl/nieuws/item/rihairo-meulens-op-proef-bij-fc-volendam/ |access-date=2 August 2016 |website=fcvolendam.nl |publisher=FC Volendam |language=Dutch}}&lt;/ref&gt; inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekara ɗaya da ƙungiyar a ranar 2 ga Agustan 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 August 2016 |title=Rihairo Meulens ondertekent contract |url=http://www.fcvolendam.nl/nieuws/item/rihairo-meulens-ondertekent-contract/ |access-date=2 August 2016 |website=fcvolendam.nl |publisher=FC Volendam |language=Dutch}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa ===
Meulens ya fara buga wa ƙasarsa wasa a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2011 a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA da Haiti a shekarar 2014. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin duniya a lokacin da ake shirin shiga gasar, a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Antigua da Barbuda da ci 5-2. [1]

== Ƙididdigar aiki ==

=== Kulob ===
{{Updated|match played 2 December 2015}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Soccerway Stats&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=R.Meulens|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/rihairo-meulens/2147/|website=uk.soccerway.com/|publisher=Soccerway|accessdate=31 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NFT Stats&quot;/&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Club
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Season
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |League
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |National Cup
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Continental
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Other
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Vitesse Arnhem
|2006–07
|Eredivisie
|9
|0
|
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|9
|0
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |AGOVV Apeldoorn (loan)
|2007–08
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Eerste Divisie
|26
|6
|
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|26
|6
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Dordrecht
|2008–09
|34
|6
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|4
|0
|39
|6
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Roda JC
|2009–10
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Eredivisie
|4
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|4
|0
|-
|2010–11
|20
|1
|2
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|22
|2
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!24
!1
!2
!1
!-
!-
!-
!-
!26
!2
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Almere City
|2011–12
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Eerste Divisie
|29
|3
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|3
|-
|2012–13
|24
|3
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|24
|3
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!53
!6
!2
!0
!-
!-
!-
!-
!55
!6
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Dordrecht
|2013–14
|Eerste Divisie
|29
|6
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|3
|0
|33
|6
|-
|2014–15
|Eredivisie
|13
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!42
!7
!1
!0
!-
!-
!3
!0
!46
!7
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Rapid București
|2014–15
|Liga I
|14
|2
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|14
|2
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Zira
|2015–16
|Azerbaijan Premier League
|11
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|12
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Career total
!213
!28
!7
!1
!0
!0
!7
!0
!227
!28
|}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Salvatore Sirigu</title>
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{{Infobox dan kwallon kafa
| suna = Salvatore Sirigu
| hoto = Salvatore Sirigu 2018.jpg
| cikakken_suna = Salvatore Sirigu
| ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1987|1|12}}
| wurin_haihuwa = Nuoro, Sardinia, Italiya
| tsawo = 1.92 m
| matsayi = Mai tsaron raga
| kungiyar_yanzu = 
| lamba = 
| matasa_shekaru1 = 1994–2002
| matasa_kungiyoyi1 = Venezia
| matasa_shekaru2 = 2002–2006
| matasa_kungiyoyi2 = Palermo
| shekaru1 = 2006–2011
| kungiyoyi1 = Palermo
| wasa1 = 80
| kwallaye1 = 0
| shekaru2 = 2007–2008
| kungiyoyi2 = → Cremonese (aro)
| wasa2 = 13
| kwallaye2 = 0
| shekaru3 = 2011–2017
| kungiyoyi3 = Paris Saint-Germain
| wasa3 = 155
| kwallaye3 = 0
| shekaru4 = 2017
| kungiyoyi4 = → Osasuna (aro)
| wasa4 = 11
| kwallaye4 = 0
| shekaru5 = 2017
| kungiyoyi5 = → Sevilla (aro)
| wasa5 = 3
| kwallaye5 = 0
| shekaru6 = 2017–2021
| kungiyoyi6 = Torino
| wasa6 = 127
| kwallaye6 = 0
| shekaru7 = 2021–2022
| kungiyoyi7 = Genoa
| wasa7 = 15
| kwallaye7 = 0
| shekaru8 = 2022–2023
| kungiyoyi8 = Napoli
| wasa8 = 1
| kwallaye8 = 0
| shekaru9 = 2023–2024
| kungiyoyi9 = Fatih Karagümrük
| wasa9 = 24
| kwallaye9 = 0
| tawagar_kasa_shekaru1 = 2006–2007
| tawagar_kasa1 = Italiya U20
| tawagar_kasa_wasa1 = 4
| tawagar_kasa_kwallaye1 = 0
| tawagar_kasa_shekaru2 = 2007–2010
| tawagar_kasa2 = Italiya U21
| tawagar_kasa_wasa2 = 15
| tawagar_kasa_kwallaye2 = 0
| tawagar_kasa_shekaru3 = 2010–2022
| tawagar_kasa3 = Italiya
| tawagar_kasa_wasa3 = 28
| tawagar_kasa_kwallaye3 = 0
}}

'''Salvatore Sirigu''' (an haife shi ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1987) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar [[Italiya]] wanda ya shahara a matsayin mai tsaron raga. Ya yi fice wajen nuna ƙwarewa, saurin mayar da martani, da kuma iya jagorantar masu tsaron baya. Sirigu ya taka leda a manyan kungiyoyi daban-daban na Turai ciki har da [[Palermo]], [[Paris Saint-Germain]], [[Torino F.C.|Torino]], da [[Napoli]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/salvatore-sirigu/profil/spieler/25508 |title=Salvatore Sirigu Profile |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=2026-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Salvatore Sirigu a garin Nuoro da ke tsibirin Sardinia a ƙasar Italiya. Tun yana ƙarami yake nuna sha’awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa musamman a matsayin mai tsaron gida. Ya fara taka leda a ƙananan kungiyoyin yankinsu kafin daga bisani ya shiga makarantar horaswa ta kungiyar Venezia, inda ya fara samun horo na ƙwararru.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.figc.it/en/national-teams/players/salvatore-sirigu/ |title=Salvatore Sirigu – FIGC Profile |website=FIGC |access-date=2026-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙungiya ==

=== Palermo ===
Sirigu ya shiga kungiyar matasa ta [[U.S. Città di Palermo|Palermo]] a shekara ta 2002. Bayan ya kammala matakin matasa, an ba shi damar taka leda tare da babbar ƙungiyar. Daga baya an aro shi zuwa Cremonese domin samun ƙarin ƙwarewa da yawan buga wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/salvatore-sirigu/ |title=Salvatore Sirigu Career Stats |website=WorldFootball.net |access-date=2026-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan dawowarsa Palermo, Sirigu ya zama babban mai tsaron ragar ƙungiyar. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa Palermo samun matsayi mai kyau a gasar Serie A da kuma shiga gasannin Turai. A lokacin da yake Palermo, an san shi da iya ceton bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida da kuma jarumtaka wajen dakile hare-haren abokan wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/clubs/players/250010012--salvatore-sirigu/ |title=Salvatore Sirigu – UEFA Profile |website=UEFA |access-date=2026-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Paris Saint-Germain ===
A shekarar 2011, Sirigu ya koma kungiyar [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] ta ƙasar Faransa. Wannan canjin ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan matakai a rayuwarsa ta ƙwallon ƙafa. Ya taimaka wa PSG lashe kofunan Ligue 1 da dama tare da sauran kofunan cikin gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ligue1.com/player?id=salvatore-sirigu |title=Salvatore Sirigu Statistics |website=Ligue 1 |access-date=2026-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A lokacin da yake PSG, Sirigu ya yi gogayya da fitattun masu tsaron gida na duniya. Duk da samun ƙalubale daga sababbin ‘yan wasa, ya ci gaba da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu tsaron gida a Faransa. Magoya baya da masu sharhi sun yaba masa saboda natsuwarsa da kuma kwarewar jagoranci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.psg.fr/equipes/equipe-premiere/effectif/salvatore-sirigu |title=Salvatore Sirigu – PSG Profile |website=Paris Saint-Germain |access-date=2026-05-11 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Osasuna da Sevilla ===
Bayan rage samun damar buga wasa a PSG, an aro Sirigu zuwa kungiyar [[CA Osasuna]] ta Spain a shekarar 2017. Daga baya kuma ya koma [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] a matsayin aro. Duk da cewa bai dade sosai ba a wadannan kungiyoyi, ya samu kwarewa a gasar La Liga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/player/sirigu |title=Salvatore Sirigu – La Liga Profile |website=La Liga |access-date=2026-05-11 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Torino ===
A shekarar 2017, Sirigu ya koma [[Torino F.C.|Torino]], inda ya sake dawo da martabarsa a Serie A. Ya zama daya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasan kungiyar kuma ya taimaka wajen samun sakamako masu kyau a gasar lig.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.torinofc.it/squadra/prima-squadra/giocatore/salvatore-sirigu/9 |title=Salvatore Sirigu – Torino Profile |website=Torino FC |access-date=2026-05-11 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A lokacin da yake Torino, Sirigu ya samu yabo sosai daga magoya baya saboda kokarinsa da kuma ceton kwallaye masu muhimmanci. Wasu lokuta ana bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu tsaron gida a Serie A.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.goal.com/en/player/salvatore-sirigu/ |title=Salvatore Sirigu Player Information |website=Goal.com |access-date=2026-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Genoa da Napoli ===
Daga baya Sirigu ya buga wa [[Genoa CFC|Genoa]] wasa kafin ya koma [[SSC Napoli|Napoli]] a shekarar 2022. Duk da cewa bai samu yawan buga wasa a Napoli ba, ya kasance gogaggen ɗan wasa wanda ke taimaka wa matasa da kuma kawo ƙwarewa cikin ƙungiyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.legaseriea.it/en/player/salvatore-sirigu |title=Salvatore Sirigu – Serie A Profile |website=Lega Serie A |access-date=2026-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin tawagar ƙasa ==
Sirigu ya wakilci ƙasar Italiya a matakan ‘yan ƙasa daban-daban tun daga ƙungiyar U20 har zuwa babbar tawaga. Ya fara bugawa babbar tawagar Italiya wasa a shekarar 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/salvatore-sirigu/nationalmannschaft/spieler/25508 |title=Salvatore Sirigu International Career |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=2026-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kasance cikin tawagar Italiya da ta halarci gasar [[UEFA Euro 2012]], inda ƙasar ta kai wasan ƙarshe. Haka kuma ya shiga cikin tawagar da ta lashe [[UEFA Euro 2020]]. Duk da cewa ba shi ne mai tsaron gida na farko ba a wasu lokuta, ya kasance muhimmin memba na tawagar saboda gogewa da kwarewarsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/players/250010012--salvatore-sirigu/ |title=Salvatore Sirigu – UEFA EURO Profile |website=UEFA |access-date=2026-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon wasa ==
An san Sirigu da saurin mayar da martani, iya dakile bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, da kuma iya sarrafa kwallon sama. Yana kuma da ƙwarewa wajen tsara masu tsaron baya da kuma karanta yadda wasan ke gudana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/scouting-report-salvatore-sirigu |title=Scouting Report: Salvatore Sirigu |website=FourFourTwo |access-date=2026-05-11 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==

=== Paris Saint-Germain ===
* Ligue 1: 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16
* Coupe de la Ligue: 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16
* Trophée des Champions: 2013, 2014, 2015&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.psg.fr/equipes/equipe-premiere/effectif/salvatore-sirigu |title=Salvatore Sirigu Honours |website=PSG Official Website |access-date=2026-05-11 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Italiya ===
* UEFA European Championship: 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/seasons/2020/ |title=UEFA Euro 2020 |website=UEFA |access-date=2026-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}

== Hanyoyin waje ==
* [https://www.transfermarkt.com/salvatore-sirigu/profil/spieler/25508 Salvatore Sirigu a Transfermarkt]
* [https://www.uefa.com/players/250010012--salvatore-sirigu/ Salvatore Sirigu a UEFA]

{{Mai tsaron ragar Italiya}}
[[Category:Haihuwar 1987]]
[[Category:'Yan wasan kwallon kafa na Italiya]]
[[Category:Masu tsaron raga]]
[[Category:'Yan wasan Paris Saint-Germain F.C.]]
[[Category:'Yan wasan Torino F.C.]]
[[Category:'Yan wasan Napoli]]
[[Category:Mutanen Sardinia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Christian Ebere</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:13:00Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="4934" sha1="br7aszhw9xg25pxqqv4ynu0ozs3jcx1" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Osinachi Christian Ebere''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilun shekarar 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Najeriya wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ko kuma a gaba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta La Liga MX Cruz Azul . Bayan Najeriya, ya buga wasa a Argentina, Brazil, da Uruguay. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ebere: eligió el fútbol pese a la voluntad de su madre, fue campeón del mundo con Nigeria y jugó en Argentina y Brasil |url=https://www.elpais.com.uy/ovacion/futbol/ebere-eligio-el-futbol-pese-a-la-voluntad-de-su-madre-fue-campeon-del-mundo-con-nigeria-y-jugo-en-argentina-y-brasil |publisher=elpais.com.uy}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Christian Ebere: la historia del nigeriano campeón sub 17 |url=https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/christian-ebere-la-historia-del-nigeriano-campeon-sub-17-que-le-pidio-la-camiseta-a-suarez-y-la-rompio-ante-nacional-202322017160 |publisher=elobservador.com.uy}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Osinachi Christian Ebere, el nigeriano que está a prueba en Central |url=https://www.elgrafico.com.ar/articulo/1038/18794/osinachi-christian-ebere-el-nigeriano-que-esta-a-prueba-en-central |publisher=elgrafico.com.ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dos promesas africanas llegan a Central |url=https://www.vavel.com/ar/futbol-argentino/2017/03/14/rosario-central/766021-dos-promesas-africanas-llegan-a-central.html |publisher=vavel.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;EN EUROPA LA PASE MAL. LE COCINO A MIS COMPAÑEROS COMIDA NIGERIANA&quot; |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MJR5kHoZjmI |website=[[YouTube]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Osinachi Christian Ebere: &quot;Estoy muy feliz con el equipo y la victoria&quot; ante Nacional |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7qzjg_MR4U |website=[[YouTube]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==
2019–2020 Juventus

2020–2023 Fluminense

2021 → Metropolitano (rance)

2021 → Maringá (rance)

2021 → Paraná (rance)

2022 → Pouso Alegre (rance)

2022 → Vila Nova (rance)

2022 → Plaza Colonia (rance)

2023–2024 Plaza Colonia

2024–2026 Na Ƙasa

2025 → Plaza Colonia (lamuni) 2

2026 – Cruz Azul

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Ebere ya wakilci Najeriya a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 ta FIFA a shekarar 2015, inda ya taimaka musu wajen lashe gasar. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

== Ƙididdigar aiki ==
{{Updated|match played 11 April 2026}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Soccerway&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Christian Ebere |work=Soccerway |url=https://www.soccerway.com/player/ebere-osinachi/0vx1Kn82/ |access-date=7 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Club
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Season
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |League
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |State league{{Efn|Includes [[Campeonato Catarinense]], [[Campeonato Paranaense]], [[Campeonato Mineiro]]}}
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Copa do Brasil]], [[Copa Uruguay]]}}
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Continental{{Efn|Includes [[Copa Libertadores]], [[CONCACAF Champions Cup]]}}
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Other
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
|Metropolitano (loan)
|2021
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |—
|11
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|11
|1
|-
|Maringá (loan)
|2021
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |—
|7
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|7
|2
|-
|Paraná (loan)
|2021
|Série C
|14
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|14
|3
|-
|Pouso Alegre (loan)
|2022
|Série D
|0
|0
|11
|1
|2
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|13
|2
|-
|Vila Nova (loan)
|2022
|Série B
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1
|0
|-
|Plaza Colonia (loan)
|2022
|Primera División
|15
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|18
|2
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Plaza Colonia
|2023
|Primera División
|35
|17
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|35
|17
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!50
!19
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!3
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!53
!19
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Nacional
|2023
|Primera División
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1
|0
|-
|2024
|Primera División
|10
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|8
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|18
|3
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!10
!2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!1
!0
!8
!1
!0
!0
!19
!3
|-
|Plaza Colonia (loan)
|2025
|Primera División
|22
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|22
|1
|-
|Nacional
|2025
|Primera División
|9
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|10
|3
|-
|Cruz Azul
|2025–26
|Liga MX
|7
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|9
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Career total
!113
!28
!29
!4
!7
!2
!10
!1
!0
!0
!159
!35
|}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Solution FC</title>
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      <text bytes="4711" sha1="kxsel10xaq4q182d3wteb6s99w28bi0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club
| clubname      = Solution FC
| fullname      = Solution Football Club
| nickname      = Solution Boys
| founded       = 2023
| ground         = Awka City Stadium
| capacity       = 
| owner          = gwamnatin jihar Anambra
| chairman       = Chukwuma Ezeamama
| manager        = Willy Udube
| league         = Nigeria National League
| position       = 
| website        = 
}}
'''Solution FC''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke birnin Awka a jihar Anambra. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 2023 kuma tana buga wasa a gasar ''Nigeria National League'' (NNL), wacce ita ce mataki na biyu a tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.soccerzz.com/team/solution-fc/308682 |title=Solution FC - Team Profile |website=Soccerzz |access-date=15 Mayu 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta samu goyon bayan gwamnatin jihar Anambra domin bunƙasa harkokin wasanni da samar da dama ga matasan 'yan wasa a jihar. Ana gudanar da wasannin gida na ƙungiyar ne a filin wasa na Awka City Stadium.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/football/2024-2025-season-solution-fc-unveils-new-foreign-head-coach |title=2024/2025 Season: Solution FC unveils new foreign Head Coach |website=Africa Sport Network |date=6 Disamba 2024 |access-date=15 Mayu 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An kafa Solution FC a shekarar 2023 a matsayin wata sabuwar ƙungiya da za ta wakilci jihar Anambra a manyan gasa na ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.soccerzz.com/team/solution-fc/308682 |title=Solution FC - Nigeria - Games, Standings, Squad and Stats |website=Soccerzz |access-date=15 Mayu 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kakar wasan 2024/2025, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki Emmanuel Deutcsh, ɗan ƙasar Kamaru, a matsayin sabon mai horarwa domin ƙarfafa ƙungiyar da kuma fafutukar neman hawa gasar NPFL.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/football/2024-2025-season-solution-fc-unveils-new-foreign-head-coach |title=2024/2025 Season: Solution FC unveils new foreign Head Coach |website=Africa Sport Network |date=6 Disamba 2024 |access-date=15 Mayu 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya a shekarar 2025, an naɗa Gabriel Ezema a matsayin sabon kociyan ƙungiyar bayan rabuwa da Emmanuel Deutcsh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.sports247.ng/ezema-returns-to-the-touchline-as-solution-fc-appoints-new-head-coach/ |title=Ezema Returns to the Touchline as Solution FC Appoints New Head Coach |website=Sports247 Nigeria |date=17 Maris 2025 |access-date=15 Mayu 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2025 kuma, Solution FC ta sanar da naɗin Willy Udube a matsayin sabon babban koci domin jagorantar ƙungiyar a kakar wasan 2025/2026 ta NNL.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.footballinnigeria.com.ng/news/transfer-news/solution-fc-appoint-willy-udube-as-new-head-coach/ |title=Solution FC Appoint Willy Udube as New Head Coach |website=Football In Nigeria |date=12 Nuwamba 2025 |access-date=15 Mayu 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gasanni ==
Solution FC tana fafatawa a gasar ''Nigeria National League'' tare da shiga gasar ''President Federation Cup'' ta Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.sofascore.com/football/team/solution-fc/510609 |title=Solution FC live score, schedule &amp; player stats |website=Sofascore |access-date=15 Mayu 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kakar wasan 2024/2025, ƙungiyar ta kammala gasar NNL a matsayi na biyar bayan rashin samun tikitin zuwa NPFL playoff.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/football/2024-25-nnl-season-solution-fc-concludes-campaign-begins-off-season-break |title=2024/25 NNL Season: Solution FC Concludes Campaign |website=Africa Sport Network |date=19 Yuni 2025 |access-date=15 Mayu 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filin wasa ==
Solution FC tana amfani da Awka City Stadium da ke Awka, jihar Anambra, a matsayin filin wasanninta na gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/football/2024-2025-season-solution-fc-unveils-new-foreign-head-coach |title=2024/2025 Season: Solution FC unveils new foreign Head Coach |website=Africa Sport Network |access-date=15 Mayu 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manyan masu horarwa ==
* Emmanuel Deutcsh
* Gabriel Ezema
* Willy Udube&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.footballinnigeria.com.ng/news/transfer-news/solution-fc-appoint-willy-udube-as-new-head-coach/ |title=Solution FC Appoint Willy Udube as New Head Coach |website=Football In Nigeria |access-date=15 Mayu 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Kungiyoyin Ƙwallon Kafa]] 
[[Category:Football clubs in Nigeria]]
[[Category:Sports clubs established in 2023]]
[[Category:Anambra State]]</text>
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    <title>Ranar shayi ta Duniya</title>
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Ana kiyaye '''Ranar shayi ta Duniya''' a kowace shekara a ranar 21 ga Mayu, a cewar [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=International Tea Day |url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/tea-day |access-date=2020-05-21 |publisher=UN}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masanin kasar Sin Chen Entian shine farkon mai farawa da mai tallatawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=国际茶日基金会联席主席陈恩田考察中国茶业第一大省(中英双语) - 世界日报中文网 |url=http://www.un1216.org/meishi/shoushen/2024-05-25/6499.html |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=www.un1216.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; An amince da ƙudurin da ya shafi a ranar 21 ga Disamba, 2019, kuma ya yi kira ga Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Gona ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (FAO) don jagorantar kiyaye Ranar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2019 |url=https://undocs.org/A/RES/74/241 |access-date=2020-05-21 |publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=International Tea Day |url=http://www.fao.org/international-tea-day/en/ |access-date=2020-05-21 |publisher=FAO}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ranar Tea ta Duniya tana da niyyar wayar da kan jama'a game da dogon tarihi da zurfin al'adu da tattalin arziki na shayi a duniya. Manufar ranar ita ce ingantawa da inganta ayyukan hadin gwiwa don aiwatar da ayyukan da ke tallafawa samarwa da amfani da shayi mai ɗorewa da kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da muhimmancinsa wajen yaki da yunwa da talauci.

An yi bikin Ranar shayi ta Duniya a ranar 15 ga Disamba, tun 2005, a cikin ƙasashe masu samar da shayi kamar [[Indiya]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Nepal]], [[Vietnam]], [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Kenya]], [[Malawi]], [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]], [[Uganda]] da [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=International Tea Day |url=http://www.cista-india.net/ITDDetails.aspx?id=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222120707/http://www.cista-india.net/ITDDetails.aspx?id=1 |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |access-date=2015-12-15 |website=Confederation of Indian Small Tea Growers Association}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ranar shayi ta Duniya tana da niyyar jawo hankalin gwamnatoci da 'yan ƙasa na duniya ga tasirin cinikin shayi na duniya ga ma'aikata da masu shuka, kuma an haɗa shi da buƙatun tallafin farashi da cinikayya mai kyau.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=South Asian tea workers call for International Tea day |url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/080106/KandyTimes/kandytimes_000015.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304202244/http://www.sundaytimes.lk/080106/KandyTimes/kandytimes_000015.html |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2015-12-15 |website=Sunday Times in Sri Lanka}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010-01-11 |title=International Tea Day: Consumers Demand a Fair Cuppa |url=http://transfair.ca/en/news-views/news/international-tea-day-consumers-demand-a-fair-cuppa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222115315/http://transfair.ca/en/news-views/news/international-tea-day-consumers-demand-a-fair-cuppa |archive-date=2015-12-22 |access-date=2015-12-15 |website=Fairtrade Canada}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amfani da shayi yana da alaƙa da fa'idodi daban-daban na lafiyar kwakwalwa, gami da rage damuwa da inganta aikin fahimta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mental and Physical Health Benefits of Drinking Tea |url=https://www.gigadocs.com/blog/international-tea-day-mental-and-physical-health-benefits-of-drinking-tea/ |publisher=gigadocs }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ranar shayi ta Duniya tana nuna waɗannan fa'idodi, tana inganta shayi a matsayin taimako na halitta don jin daɗi hankali.

== Tarihi ==
Manyan gine-ginen sun kasance [[Centre for Education and Communication|Cibiyar Ilimi da Sadarwa]] ([https://cec-india.org CEC]), Indiya (Shatadru Chattopadhayay); Hind Mazdoor Sabha, Indiya (Samir Roy); Indian National Trade Union Congress, Indiya (Paramasivam); Cibiyar Ci gaban Jama'a, Sri Lanka (P. Muthulingam); Sabon Kungiyar kwadago, Indiya (M. Subbu); Red Flag Union, Sri Lanka, O. A. Ramaiha) da United Trade Union Congress Ghosh, Indiya (Ashok) a Taron Jama'a ta Duniya a watan Janairun 2005. An yi bikin Ranar Tea ta Duniya ta farko a New Delhi a shekara ta 2005, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2006-03-02 |title=International Tea Day 2005 Report |url=http://www.cec-india.org/libpdf/1447732964ITD2005Report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222141830/http://www.cec-india.org/libpdf/1447732964ITD2005Report.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-22 |access-date=2015-12-15 |website= |publisher=Centre for Education and Communication}}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da bukukuwan da aka shirya a Sri Lanka a shekara ta 2006 da 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Bikin Ranar Tea ta Duniya da kuma taron Tea na Duniya da suka shafi sun shirya tare da ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyar kwadago.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A cikin 2015, gwamnatin Indiya ta ba da shawarar fadada kiyaye Ranar Tea ta Duniya ta hanyar Ƙungiyar Intergovernmental ta FAO a kan Tea (IGG a kan Tea). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='Tea day' proposal to UN |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151018/jsp/northeast/story_48637.jsp#.VnA6PXpLulM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120135832/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151018/jsp/northeast/story_48637.jsp#.VnA6PXpLulM |archive-date=2015-11-20 |access-date=2015-12-15 |website=The Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;

FAO IGG on Tea tana jagorantar kokarin da aka yi na kasashen da yawa don tallafawa tattalin arzikin shayi na duniya, ya kasance babban mai ba da shawara ga shelar Ranar Tea ta Duniya. A cikin 2015, yayin wani taro a [[Milano|Milan]], Italiya, IGG a kan Tea ya tattauna ra'ayin Ranar Tea ta Duniya. [http://www.fao.org/ccp/en/ Kwamitin FAO kan Matsalar Kasuwanci] (CCP) ya amince da shawarar sannan kuma Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da ita a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FAO welcomes global recognition of fruits, vegetables, tea and food loss and waste |url=https://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1256182/icode/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521104718/https://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1256182/icode/ |archive-date=2022-05-21 |access-date=2022-05-21 |website=The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
 

* Ranar shayi ta kasa
* Jerin kwanakin abinci

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [http://www.cec-india.org/event-detail.php?event_id=12 Cibiyar Ilimi da Sadarwa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215210917/http://www.cec-india.org/event-detail.php?event_id=12 |date=2021-12-15 }} (ta haɗa da tashar bukukuwan ITD da suka gabata) 
* [http://www.indiatea.org/ Ƙungiyar shayi ta Indiya]</text>
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    <title>Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Mozambique</title>
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'''Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Mozambique''' ana nuna su ta hanyar ƙananan matakan samun damar zuwa [[Ingantaccen tushen ruwa|aƙalla tushen ruwa]] na asali (an kiyasta su zama 47% a cikin 2015), ƙananan matakan samun dama ga akalla tsabtace mujallar (an kiyast su zama 24% a cikin 2015) kuma galibi ingancin sabis mara kyau. A cikin 2007 gwamnati ta ayyana dabarun samar da ruwa da tsabta a yankunan karkara, inda kashi 62% na yawan jama'a ke zaune. A cikin birane, ana samar da ruwa ta hanyar ƙananan masu samarwa da kuma masu samar da ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;GPOBA: Mozambique Water Private Sector Contracts – OBA for coverage expansion&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Da farko a cikin 1998, Mozambique ta sake fasalin wani bangare na samar da ruwa a cikin birane ta hanyar kirkirar wata hukumar kula da ruwa mai zaman kanta da ake kira CRA, kamfani mai riƙe dukiya da ake kira FIPAG da Haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu (PPP) tare da kamfani da ake kira Aguas de Moçambique . PPP ta rufe waɗancan yankuna na babban birnin da na wasu birane huɗu waɗanda ke da damar samun tsarin samar da ruwa na yau da kullun. Koyaya, PPP ta ƙare lokacin da kwangilar gudanarwa ga birane huɗu suka ƙare a cikin 2008 kuma lokacin da abokin tarayya na kasashen waje na kamfanin da ke aiki da babban birnin a ƙarƙashin kwangilar haya ya janye a cikin 2010, yana da'awar asarar nauyi.

Duk da yake samar da ruwa a birane ya sami kulawa mai yawa, gwamnati ba ta da wata dabara don tsabtace birane har yanzu. Masu ba da gudummawa na waje suna tallafawa kusan kashi 85% na duk saka hannun jari na jama'a a cikin bangaren. Manyan masu ba da gudummawa a bangaren ruwa sune Bankin Duniya, Bankin Raya Afirka, Kanada, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland da Amurka.

== Samun dama ==
[[Fayil:Daily_struggle_for_water_(5400691444).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Mata tana karɓar ruwa a lokacin fari daga tushen gurɓata a Gundumar Machaze ta Lardin Manica ta Tsakiya.]]
Kimanin kashi 47% na yawan mutanen Mozambican ne kawai ke da damar samun [[At least basic water source|akalla tushen ruwa na asali]], kuma kashi 24% ne kawai ke samun damar samun akasin haka tsabtace muhalli. Sakamakon yanayin rayuwa yana da yawa, daga rashin lafiya zuwa ƙarancin aiki saboda lokacin da ake buƙata don ɗaukar ruwa.

Adadin da ke kan damar shiga suna da rikice-rikice. Misali, Shirin Kula da hadin gwiwa na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] / [[UNICEF]] don samar da ruwa da tsabtace muhalli ya kiyasta samun damar samun akalla tushen samar da ruwa a kashi 79% a cikin birane da kashi 32% a yankunan karkara tun daga shekarar 2015. Koyaya, Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a tana amfani da adadi na samun ruwa na 38% a cikin birane da 40% a cikin yankunan karkara. Lambobin samun damar karkara an samo su ne daga yawan ramuka da kuma kimanin matsakaicin adadin gidaje ta amfani da ramuka.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!
!
!Urban (38% na yawan jama'a) &lt;br /&gt;
!Karkara (62% na yawan jama'a) &lt;br /&gt;
!Jimillar
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ruwa
|'Aƙalla ma'anar asali'
|79%
|32%
|47%
|-
|Haɗin gida
|ba a samu ba
|ba a samu ba
|ba a samu ba
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tsabtace Yanayi
|'Aƙalla ma'anar asali'
|47%
|12%
|24%
|-
|Rashin ruwa
|ba a samu ba
|ba a samu ba
|ba a samu ba
|}
''Tushen'': Shirin Kulawa na hadin gwiwa don samar da ruwa da tsabtace jiki na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] da [[UNICEF]] 

Har ila yau, akwai adadi masu rikitarwa game da abin da adadi da aka yi niyya don saduwa da MDGs don ruwa da tsabtace muhalli ta 2015. A cewar takardar Bankin Duniya yana nufin samun damar birane zuwa ruwa yana ƙaruwa zuwa 78% kuma samun damar karkara yana ƙaruwa da 56%. Koyaya, bisa ga rahoton matsayin MDG yana nufin ƙara samun damar zuwa kashi 70% a cikin birane da yankunan karkara.

== Ingancin sabis ==
Akwai 'yan bayanan da aka buga game da ingancin sabis na ruwa da tsabta a Mozambique. Yawancin tsarin ruwa suna samar da ruwa a lokaci-lokaci. Koyaya, birane huɗu - [[Beira]], Pemba, Quelimane da [[Nampula]] - sun sami ci gaba ko kusan ci gaba da samar da ruwa sakamakon shiga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, suna ƙara sa'o'in samar da ruwa a kowace rana daga awanni 9 (Beira da Quelimane) da awanni 17 (Nampula da Pemba) a cikin 2002 zuwa awanni 22-24 a cikin 2007. Ruwa a [[Maputo]] ya kasance mai saurin wucewa, yana ƙaruwa kaɗan daga awanni 12 zuwa 14.

== Tarihi ==
[[File:Mozambique map cities.png|thumb|450px|Taswirar Mozambique da ke nuna, da ma wasu, biranen da ke da sa hannun kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a fannin samar da ruwa.]]

=== Manufar Ruwa ta Ƙasa ta 1995 da gyare-gyaren hukumomi ===
A shekarar 1995, Mozambique ta amince da Manufar Ruwa ta Ƙasa wadda ke jaddada sa hannun al'umma kuma, ga rarraba ruwa a birane, sa hannun kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. A shekarar 1998, Bankin Duniya ya amince da Aikin Haɓaka Ruwa na Ƙasa na Farko don tallafawa Manufar Ruwa ta Ƙasa. Sauran masu ba da agaji sun ba da kuɗaɗen haɗin gwiwa don aikin.

A shekarar 1998, an ƙirƙiri manyan hukumomi guda biyu don aiwatar da Manufar Ruwa ta Ƙasa: Hukumar kula da tsare-tsare ta CRA da Kamfanin Kula da Kadarori na FIPAG. Gwamnati kuma ta amince da manufar farashin ruwa (water tariff) da nufin dawo da kuɗaɗen da aka kashe.

=== Sa hannun kamfanoni masu zaman kansu (1999–2012) ===
A shekarar 1999, gwamnati ta ba da kwangilar hayar hadaka/gudanarwa ta hanyar takara ga birane bakwai ga wata ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa mai suna Aguas de Moçambique (AdeM), wadda kamfanin SAUR na Faransa ya jagoranta (35%) kuma ya haɗa da Aguas de Portugal (32%). Ga Maputo da Matola, kwangilar ta ƙunshi hayar shekaru 15 kuma ga sauran biranen kuma kwangilar gudanarwa ce ta shekaru 5.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citizen.org/documents/Lessons%20from%20Mozambique.pdf Horacio Zandamela:The Maputo water concession, 2002] p. 17&lt;/ref&gt; AdEM kuma ta haɗa da kashi 30% na hannun jarin wani kamfani na Mozambique mai suna Mazi na Mozambique wanda ya ƙunshi masu hannun jari guda shida na cikin gida. Bukatar kuɗi ta AdeM ta yi ƙasa sosai fiye da ta mai takara mafi kusa. A cewar wani bincike na Bankin Duniya, a ƙarshe hakan ya tabbatar da cewa ba gaskiya ba ne saboda ragi da aka yi.&lt;ref name=&quot;citizen.org&quot;&gt;[http://www.citizen.org/documents/Lessons%20from%20Mozambique.pdf Horacio Zandamela:The Maputo water concession, 2002], p. 6&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan shekarar 2001, AdeM ta fuskanci matsalolin kuɗi masu tsanani, waɗanda tasirin mummunar ambaliyar ruwa ta Mozambique ta shekarar 2000 ta ƙara ruruta su. Lokacin da wani nazari mai zaman kansa ya hana ƙarin farashin ruwa don biyan diyyar asarar ambaliyar, SAUR ta janye daga kwangilar a watan Oktoba 2001. A watan Disamba ta sayar da hannun jarinta akan kuɗi kaɗan ga Águas de Portugal.&lt;ref name=&quot;citizen.org&quot;/&gt; Bayan haka, FIPAG da AdeM sun sake tattaunawa kan kwangilolin, inda suka sami ƙarin kuɗi da ingantawa a cikin takamaiman ayyukan hidima da hanyoyin gudanarwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Triche&quot;&gt;World Bank/Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility: [http://siteresources.worldbank.org/MOZAMBIQUEEXTN/Resources/water_supply_EnglSum.pdf Delegated Management of Urban Water Supply Services in Mozambique], accessed on August 26, 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1999, Bankin Duniya ya amince da Aikin Haɓaka Ruwa na Ƙasa na Biyu&lt;ref&gt;World Bank: [http://web.worldbank.org/external/projects/main?Projectid=P052240&amp;Type=Overview&amp;theSitePK=40941&amp;pagePK=64283627&amp;menuPK=64282134&amp;piPK=64290415 National Water Development Project (02)], retrieved on 29 December 2012&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2004, an tsawaita kwangilar gudanarwa ta shekaru biyar ga ƙananan birane da shekaru uku. Bayan haka an sake tsawaita kwangilar da wata shekara ɗaya kuma ta ƙare a watan Maris na shekarar 2008, ta yadda Maputo ce kawai ta rage a ƙarƙashin gudanarwar kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Rahoton kammala aikin farko na Bankin Duniya na shekarar 2006 ya &quot;ƙiyasta sakamakon aikin a matsayin mai gamsarwa, dorewarsa tana da yauƙi kuma tasirin ci gaban hukumominsa yana da yawa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&amp;piPK=64187937&amp;theSitePK=523679&amp;menuPK=64187510&amp;searchMenuPK=64187283&amp;siteName=WDS&amp;entityID=000090341_20060515103707|title=Mozambique - First National Water Development Project|pages=1|first=The World|last=Bank|date=24 April 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;
A watan Disamba na shekarar 2010, gwamnati, ta hannun FIPAG, ta sayi kashi 73 na hannun jari a AdeM da ke hannun Águas de Portugal, ta haka ta kawo ƙarshen zamanin sa hannun kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a fannin samar da ruwa a biranen Mozambique shekaru huɗu kafin ƙarshen kwangilar hayar a shekarar 2014. Águas de Portugal ta ce ta yi asarar Yuro miliyan 10. An ƙaddamar da farashin siyarwar ne ta hannun Hukumar Kuɗi ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa (IFC) kuma an saita shi a kan Yuro miliyan 2.6.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Águas de Portugal vende 73% da posição na Águas de Moçambique|url=https://economico.sapo.pt/noticias/aguas-de-portugal-vende-73-da-posicao-na-aguas-de-mocambique_107638.html|publisher=Economico|access-date=28 December 2012|date=28 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Agusta na shekarar 2011, AdeM ta canza sunanta zuwa Águas da Região de Maputo (Ruwan Yankin Maputo), yana nuna a cikin sunanta rabe-raben yankin hidimarta da ya faru a shekarar 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Mozambican water company Águas de Moçambique changes name to Águas da Região de Maputo|url=http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2011/08/30/mozambican-water-company-aguas-de-mocambique-changes-name-to-aguas-da-regiao-de-maputo/|publisher=macauhub|access-date=28 December 2012|date=30 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2004, FIPAG ta kulla kwangilar shekaru uku da kamfanin Vitens na ƙasar Holland inda na ƙarshen ya ba da sabis na tallafin gudanarwa da hororru a ƙananan birane huɗu na kudu – Xai-Xai, Chokwe, Inhambane da Maxixe. An sake sanya hannu kan wata kwangilar tsakanin FIPAG da Vitens a shekarar 2006 don ayyuka a ƙarin ƙananan birane biyar a tsakiyar Mozambique – Tete, Moatize, Chimoio, Manica da Gondola. A lokacin, ana ɗaukar waɗannan kwangilolin a matsayin tsare-tsare na wici-wici don shirya ayyukan don ƙarin rarraba gudanarwa na al'ada.&lt;ref name=&quot;Triche&quot;/&gt;

Yayin da wajibai na Vitens a ƙarƙashin kwangilar farko suka kasance iri ɗaya da na kwangilar gudanarwa ta AdeM, an ba da ayyukanta kyauta kuma tsarin ma'aikatanta ya bambanta sosai. Yayin da gudanarwar AdeM ke canzawa akai-akai kuma ƙungiyar baki ce kawai ke zaune a Maputo, a cewar wani bincike na Bankin Duniya, Vitens ta yi amfani da tsarin ma'aikata inda shugaban ƙungiyar ne kawai ke zaune a Mozambique, tare da taimakon kwararru na ɗan lokaci daga Netherlands. Ƙungiyar mutanen Holland ta haɓaka kyakkyawar alaƙar aiki tare da membobin ƙungiyar Mozambique, ta haka suka ƙarfafa ƙarfin gida.&lt;ref name=&quot;Triche&quot;/&gt;

=== Shirin Samar da Ruwa na Karkara da Tsaftar Muhalli na Ƙasa (Daga 2007 zuwa gaba) ===
[[File:Well of Nivali.jpg|thumb|300px|Mata da yara a wurin famfon tuka-tuka a wata rijiya a Nivali, Lardin Nampula.]]
Ta hanyar Dokar Raba Daidaiton Iko ta 1997, wadda ta ƙirƙiri gwamnatocin ƙaramar hukuma tare da shugabanni zaɓau, da Dokar Hukumomin Jiha na Cikin Gida ta 2003, gwamnatocin gundumomi 129 da na larduna 11 na Mozambique ana sa ran a hankali za su karɓi ƙarin nauyi a fannoni daban-daban ciki har da samar da ruwa. Ana sa ran za a yanke shawara game da saka jari a matakin cikin gida. Sai dai kuma, gwamnatocin gundumomi da na larduna galibi har yanzu ba su da isassun kuɗi da albarkatun ɗan adam don gudanar da ayyukansu. A shekarar 2007 an amince da Tsarin Ruwa na Karkara da Tsaftar Muhalli na Ƙasa, wanda ya haifar da shawarar ƙirƙirar Sabis na Ruwa da Tsaftar Muhalli na Lardi (SPAS) a shekarar 2009 da kuma kafa asusun bai-ɗaya na samar da ruwa na karkara da tsaftar muhalli (PRONASAR) a shekarar 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=AMCOW / WSP / AfDB / World Bank / WSP|title=Water Supply and Sanitation in Mozambique Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond – An AMCOW Country Status Overview|url=http://www.wsp.org/wsp/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/CSO-Mozambique.pdf|access-date=1 November 2011|pages=12–13|year=c. 2010|archive-date=12 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112233101/http://www.wsp.org/wsp/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/CSO-Mozambique.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Canada, Netherlands, UNICEF, Switzerland, Burtaniya da Bankin Haɓaka Afirka sun ba da gudummawa ga Asusun Bai-ɗaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;AfDB Rural&quot;/&gt; Gundumomi 129 na Mozambique su ne cibiyar tsara shirye-shirye da aiwatar da shirin. A shekarar 2010/11 an gudanar da bincike na asali na samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli wanda ya shafi gidaje 2,500 a gundumomi 75.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dnaguas.gov.mz/?__target__=relatorios|title=PRONASAR Reports|last=Direcção Nacional de Águas|access-date=2017-03-21|archive-date=2017-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209151418/http://www.dnaguas.gov.mz/?__target__=relatorios|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=WE Consult|title=PRONASAR Introduction|url=http://www.we-consult.info/background-pronasar.html|access-date=1 November 2011|archive-date=25 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425125939/http://www.we-consult.info/background-pronasar.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A tsakiyar shekarar 2011, an kori darekta da mai kula da harkokin kuɗi na babban ofishin shiyya na Kamfanin Kula da Kadarori (FIPAG), José Duarte da Henriques Leonardo, saboda ana zarginsu da ƙirƙirar wani kamfanin samar da ruwa mai zaman kansa, Recta, wanda ya yi guri da FIPAG wajen samar da ruwa ga jiragen ruwa a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Beira. Bayan shekara guda aka kama su bayan an haɗa ƙarar da ake yi musu. An ce lamarin ya janyo wa FIPAG asarar meticais miliyan 37 (dala miliyan 1.23).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Mozambique: former water officials arrested for corruption|url=http://www.irc.nl/page/75411|publisher=IRC E-Source No. 5|access-date=18 December 2012|date=December 2012}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nauyin samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli ==
Ga birane, Kamfanonin Kadarori na Jama'a guda biyu – FIPAG a manyan birane 13, AIAS a ƙananan birane – sune suka mallaki kadarorin ruwa da na magudanar ruwa. Baya ga su, masu zaman kansu marasa rajista na samar da ruwa na ƙasa-ƙasa sun mallaki kuma suna gudanar da tsarin tace ruwa na gida a wuraren birane ba tare da izini na hukuma ba. A Maputo kaɗai, akwai irin waɗannan masu gudanarwa guda 450 waɗanda ke samar da ruwa ga mutane 350,000.&lt;ref name=Blanc&gt;{{cite web|author1=Aymeric Blanc|author2=Jérémie Cavé|author3=Emmanuel Chaponnière|title=Les Petits opérateurs privés de la distribution d'eau à Maputo : d'un problème à une solution ? Regards croisés|url=http://www.afd.fr/webdav/site/afd/shared/PUBLICATIONS/RECHERCHE/Scientifiques/Documents-de-travail/085-document-travail.pdf|publisher=Agence Française de Développement, Direction de la Stratégie, Département de la Recherche|access-date=2 March 2014|year=2009}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; A yankunan karkara, ƙungiyoyin al'umma ne ke kula da kiyaye ababen more rayuwa na ruwa.

=== Manufofi da Kamfanonin Kula da Kadarori ===
Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Ƙasa (DNA) a Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a da Gidaje ita ce ke kula da manufofin samar da ruwa. Asusun Zuba Jari da Kadarori na Samar da Ruwa – wato Fundo de Investimento e Patrimonio do Abastecimento de Agua (FIPAG) – kamfani ne na kula da kadarori a Maputo da sauran birane da dama.&lt;ref name=&quot;MDG WSS status report 2006&quot;/&gt; Tana aiki a ƙarƙashin kwangilolin gudanarwa na shekaru uku tare da Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a da Gidaje. A shekarar 2009 an ƙirƙiri kamfani na biyu na kula da kadarori – Administração de Infraestruturas de Abastecimento de Água e Saneamento (AIAS) – don tsaftar muhalli na birane da samar da ruwa a ƙananan birane.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=AMCOW / WSP / AfDB / World Bank / WSP|title=Water Supply and Sanitation in Mozambique Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond – An AMCOW Country Status Overview|url=http://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/CSO-Mozambique.pdf|access-date=28 December 2012|archive-date=30 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530051705/http://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/CSO-Mozambique.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma'aikatar Lafiya ce ke da alhakin tsarawa da kuma sanya ido kan bin ƙa'idodin ruwan sha.

=== Tsarin dokoki ===
Ana tsara fannin samar da ruwa a birane ta hanyar hukumar kula da tsare-tsare Conselho de Regulacao do Abastecimento de Agua (CRA). Manufarta ita ce &quot;tabbatar da daidaito tsakanin ingancin sabis, muradun masu amfani da dorewar kuɗi na tsarin samar da ruwa.&quot; Tana yin hakan ne ta hanyar amincewa da farashi, kafa manufofin ingancin sabis, sanya ido kan bin manufofin, duba shirye-shiryen saka jari da sauraron ƙararrakin masu amfani da gundumomi. CRA ba ta da ikon rufe sabis na tsaftar muhalli na birane ko masu zaman kansu na samar da ruwa na ƙasa-ƙasa tukunna.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cra.org.mz/?__target__=cadeia Quem somos – Apresentação do CRA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302114513/http://www.cra.org.mz/?__target__=cadeia |date=2017-03-02 }}, retrieved on 29 December 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Samar da sabis ===
[[File:Pemba Bay (5092988538).jpg|thumb|250px|Wani sashe na tsofaffin garuruwan Pemba, ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen larduna inda wani kamfani mai zaman kansa ke samar da ruwan sha a ƙarƙashin kwangilan gudanarwa.]]
FIPAG ita ce mai mallakar kadarorin ruwa da na magudanar ruwa a birane 13. A Yankin Maputo, kamfanin Águas da Região de Maputo (Ruwan Yankin Maputo) yana gudanar da tsarin ruwa da magudanar ruwa na jama'a a ƙarƙashin kwangila tare da FIPAG. FIPAG ce ta mallaki mafi yawancin jarun ARM (73%) tare da tsirarun hannun jari na kamfanin Mozambique mai zaman kansa Mazi. A sauran biranen, sassan ruwa na gundumomi na gwamnati ne ke gudanarwa da kuma kula da tsarin. A zahiri, gwamnatocin gundumomi suna taka rawa mai iyaka sosai a fannin samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli duk da nauyin da doka ta ɗora musu. Kuɗaɗen shiga na su yana da ƙasa sosai ta yadda sun dogara da gwamnatin tsakiya don samun kuɗaɗe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=AMCOW / WSP / AfDB / World Bank / WSP|title=Water Supply and Sanitation in Mozambique Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond – An AMCOW Country Status Overview|url=http://www.wsp.org/wsp/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/CSO-Mozambique.pdf|access-date=1 November 2011|pages=15|year=c. 2010|archive-date=12 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112233101/http://www.wsp.org/wsp/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/CSO-Mozambique.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sabis na karkara ===
Ayyukan ruwa da tsaftar muhalli na karkara sun kasance a ƙarƙashin Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Ƙasa – Direcção Nacional das Águas (DNA) a ƙarƙashin sashen Ruwa da Tsaftar Muhalli (Departemento Água e Saneamento) har zuwa watan Disamba na shekarar 2015. Bayan haka an raba DNA zuwa manyan hukumomi guda biyu daban-daban – kuma ruwan sha da tsaftar muhalli suka dawo ƙarƙashin Director Nacional Abastecimento de Agua e Saneamento (DNAAS).
Rahoton PRONASAR na shekarar 2012 ya nuna cewa ƙarfin ma'aikatan gunduma har yanzu yana zama cikas. Jimillar mutane 274 ne ke kan matsayi na ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a gundumomi 128.

== Fannonin kuɗi ==

=== Farashin ruwa ===
Babu cikakken bayani kuma na baya-bayan nan kan farashin ruwa a Mozambique. Farashin yana bin tsarin ƙaruwa-mataki-mataki (increasing-block structure). A shekarar 2005, matsakaicin farashin ruwa a Maputo ya kasance Meticais 12,500 ($0.54 kowace mita muna) kuma tsakanin Meticais 10,200 da 11,200 kowace mita guda (0.44–0.49 kowace m3) a Beira, Quelimane, Nampula da Pemba.&lt;ref name=Pollem/&gt;

CRA ta amince da ainihin ƙarin matsakaicin farashin ruwa da kashi 5 zuwa 10 cikin ɗari kowace shekara a yankunan sabis na kamfani mai zaman kansa AdeM a cikin lokacin 2002–07, ta yin amfani da tsarin ƙididdigar farashi. Sai dai kuma, bayan daidaitawa don hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, farashin ruwa bai cika ƙaruwa ba. Saboda tsarin kwangilar, iyakantaccen ƙarin kuɗi bayan daidaita hauhawar farashin ya amfani kamfanin kadarori na jama'a FIPAG ne, ba mai gudanarwa mai zaman kansa ba. Sakamakon kuɗi na FIPAG ya inganta akai-akai sakamakon ƙarin farashin ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Triche&quot;/&gt; Kamfanin ruwa na Maputo dole ne ya biya kuɗin tsarin dokoki ga CRA, kuma dukkan kamfanonin ruwa masu lasisi dole ne su biya kuɗin fitar da ruwa ga gwamnatin tsakiya don famfo ruwa daga koguna ko ƙasa. Waɗannan kuɗaɗe ana ƙara su ne a kan farashin ruwa.&lt;ref name=Pollem/&gt;

=== Dawo da kuɗaɗe ===
Gwamnati tana da nufin cimma cikakken dawo da kuɗaɗen da aka kashe don samar da ruwa a hankali, kamar yadda aka bayyana a manufar farashin ruwa ta shekarar 1998. A cewar Bankin Duniya, kamfanin kadarori na birane FIPAG yana &quot;samun cikakken dawo da kuɗaɗe kuma yana iya daina karɓar tallafin gwamnati&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;web.worldbank.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/IDA/0,,contentMDK:21258662~menuPK:3266877~pagePK:51236175~piPK:437394~theSitePK:73154,00.html|title=IDA - Rebuilding Mozambique's Urban Water Supply|website=web.worldbank.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; A gefe guda kuma, rahoton matsayi na MDG na Mozambique don ruwa da tsaftar muhalli ya nuna cewa fannin gaba ɗaya har yanzu ya dogara sosai ga kuɗaɗen masu ba da agaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;MDG WSS status report 2006&quot;&gt;[http://esa.un.org/iys/docs/san_lib_docs/319200725615_312007101903_MDGs_All_final3_high.pdf Millennium Development Goals Water Supply and Sanitation Status Report 2006], p. 58-59.&lt;/ref&gt; A yankunan karkara kuɗaɗen shiga ba su da yawa don dawo da kuɗaɗen gudanarwa da kiyayewa.&lt;ref name=&quot;MDG WSS status report 2006&quot;/&gt;

=== Zuba jari ===
Babu ingantattun bayanai kan ainihin saka jari a fannin. An kiyasta a shekarar 2006 cewa fannin ruwa yana buƙatar saka jari na shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 82 don kaiwa ga MDGs, idan aka kwatanta da dala miliyan 67 na shekara-shekara da aka &quot;tsara&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;MDG WSS status report 2006&quot;/&gt; A cewar Bankin Duniya, a shekarar 2007 tsarin gudanarwa na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na Mozambique ya jawo kusan dala miliyan 350 zuwa ruwan birane a cikin shekaru shida da suka gabata.&lt;ref name=&quot;web.worldbank.org&quot;/&gt;

=== Samar da kuɗaɗe ===
Kusan kashi 85 cikin ɗari na saka jari a fannin samar da ruwa an ba da kuɗaɗen su ne ta hanyar agaji a cikin shekarun 2006–08. Kuɗaɗen waje sun ƙaru da kashi 150 cikin ɗari idan aka kwatanta da na shekarun 2003–05, daga dala miliyan 46 zuwa dala miliyan 116. Kuɗaɗen da aka tura ta cikin kasafin kuɗi na ƙasa an rarraba su ne a kan kashi 82 cikin ɗari, yayin da ayyukan da masu ba da agaji ke gudanarwa suka rarraba a kan matsakaicin kashi 58 cikin ɗari kawai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=AMCOW / WSP / AfDB / World Bank / WSP|title=Water Supply and Sanitation in Mozambique Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond – An AMCOW Country Status Overview|url=http://www.wsp.org/wsp/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/CSO-Mozambique.pdf|access-date=1 November 2011|pages=18|year=c. 2010|archive-date=12 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112233101/http://www.wsp.org/wsp/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/CSO-Mozambique.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tsare-tsare da Sanya Ido ===
Wani Binciken Kashe Kuɗaɗen Jama'a na Fannin Ruwa na shekarar 2009 da Bankin Duniya ya yi ya gano cewa akwai takaddun tsare-tsare da yawa, amma har yanzu babu cikakken shiri na bai-ɗaya. Masu ba da agaji ba su da haɗin kai mai kyau kuma Ma'aikatar Kuɗi tana canza rabon kasafin kuɗi a tsakiyar shekara. Yayin da akwai rahotanni da yawa kan sakamako da kuma kashe kuɗi, duka biyun ba su da alaƙa da juna ta yadda ba zai yuwu a kiyasta ƙimar kuɗi ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=AMCOW / WSP / AfDB / World Bank / WSP|title=Water Supply and Sanitation in Mozambique Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond – An AMCOW Country Status Overview|url=http://www.wsp.org/wsp/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/CSO-Mozambique.pdf|access-date=1 November 2011|pages=21|year=c. 2010|archive-date=12 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112233101/http://www.wsp.org/wsp/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/CSO-Mozambique.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ingancin ayyukan amfani ==
[[File:Maputo outskirts - March 2005.jpg|thumb|250px|Gidaje a wajen birnin Maputo.]]
Saboda mummunan yanayin hanyoyin sadarwa, haɗe-haɗe ba bisa ƙa'ida ba da ɓarna na mita, ruwan da ba a san inda yake ba (unaccounted-for water - UfW) ya kasance sama da kashi 50 cikin ɗari a mafi yawancin yankuna a shekarar 2007. A Maputo, ruwan da ba a san inda yake ba ya ƙaru sosai lokacin kwangilar hayar da AdeM daga kiyasin kashi 38 cikin ɗari a shekarar 2002 zuwa kashi 62 cikin ɗari a shekarar 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=AMCOW / WSP / AfDB / World Bank / WSP|title=Water Supply and Sanitation in Mozambique Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond – An AMCOW Country Status Overview|url=http://www.wsp.org/wsp/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/CSO-Mozambique.pdf|access-date=1 November 2011|pages=21|year=c. 2010|archive-date=12 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112233101/http://www.wsp.org/wsp/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/CSO-Mozambique.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Haɗin gwiwar ƙasashen waje ==
Manyan masu ba da agaji a fannin samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli sune Bankin Haɓaka Afirka, Switzerland, Netherlands, UNICEF da Amurka. Switzerland da Amurka sun fi mayar da hankali ne a rukunin Lardunan Arewa. Sauran masu ba da agaji a fannin ruwa da tsaftar muhalli sun haɗa da [[Austriya|Austria]], Kanada, Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, Faransa, Ireland, Italiya, [[Japan]] da Burtaniya. Bankin Duniya da Sweden suna taka rawar gani wajen gudanar da albarkatun ruwa. Gaba ɗaya, kusan masu ba da agaji 15 ne ke gudanar da ayyukan samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a Mozambique. Haɗin gwiwar masu ba da agaji ya fi ci gaba a yankunan karkara, inda Kanada, Netherlands, UNICEF, Switzerland, Burtaniya da Bankin Haɓaka Afirka tare da gwamnati suka tara albarkatun kuɗaɗensu a cikin Asusun Bai-ɗaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;AfDB Rural&quot;/&gt;

=== Bankin Haɓaka Afirka ===
Bankin Haɓaka Afirka (AfDB) ya tallafawa fannin ruwa da tsaftar muhalli da ayyukan saka jari guda huɗu tun daga shekarar 1981. Ya samar da dala miliyan 19.6 na kuɗaɗen haɗin gwiwa don aikin samar da ruwa na ƙasa na biyu da Bankin Duniya ya jagoranta. A watan Afrilu na shekarar 2009, ya amince da Aikin Ruwa da Tsaftar Muhalli na Biranen Lardin Niassa a biranen Cuamba da Lichinga, wanda aka tallafa da lamunin dala miliyan 27.&lt;ref&gt;African Press Organization: [http://appablog.wordpress.com/2009/04/30/mozambique-us-27-million-loan-for-water-supply-and-sanitation-project/ Mozambique:US$ 27 Million Loan for Water Supply and Sanitation Project], accessed on April 30, 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2010, ya amince da haɗakar tallafi da lamuni na Yuro miliyan 28 don tallafawa samar da ruwa na karkara da tsaftar muhalli a Lardin Nampula da Lardin Zambezia. Wasu sassa na kuɗaɗen ana tura su ne ta cikin asusun bai-ɗaya da gwamnati ta kafa don samar da ruwa na karkara da tsaftar muhalli, yayin da wani sashe kuma ake tura shi a wajen asusun bai-ɗaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;AfDB Rural&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Program Appraisal Report|title=National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Program in Nampula and Zambezia Province|url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/Mozambique%20-%20%20NRWSSP.pdf|publisher=African Development Bank|access-date=29 December 2012|date=June 2010|archive-date=8 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120408144945/http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/Mozambique%20-%20%20NRWSSP.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kanada ===
Tun daga shekarar 2000 Hukumar Ci Gaban Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Kanada (CIDA) ke tallafawa Shirin Haɓaka Ruwa na Karkara na Inhambane (IRWDP).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=CIDA|title=The solution is well in hand|url=http://acdi-cida.gc.ca/acdi-cida/ACDI-CIDA.nsf/eng/NAD-925113859-LCW|access-date=1 November 2011|archive-date=25 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425125951/http://acdi-cida.gc.ca/acdi-cida/ACDI-CIDA.nsf/eng/NAD-925113859-LCW|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Netherlands ===
Ƙasar Netherlands ta ƙaddamar da jimillar ayyukan ruwa 17 don Mozambique a cikin lokacin 2005–11. Mafi girman ƙaddamarwa shi ne Yuro miliyan 18.6 don aikin ruwa na Maputo a cikin tallafin haɗin gwiwa tare da Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai (EIB), cibiyar ruwa ta EU da Hukumar Ci Gaban Faransa a shekarar 2007. Ƙaddamarwa ta biyu mafi girma ita ce Yuro miliyan 15 don aikin ruwa a birnin Chimoio a Lardin Manica a shekarar 2009. An amince da sama da Yuro miliyan 8 a shekarar 2008 don tallafawa ayyukan kamfanin ruwa na gwamnatin Holland Vitens a birane huɗu (duba gaba a sama a ƙarƙashin tarihi).&lt;ref name=ODAMoz&gt;{{cite web|title=Official Development Assistance to Mozambique Database|url=http://www.odamoz.org.mz/|access-date=29 December 2012|archive-date=28 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228233005/http://www.odamoz.org.mz/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Netherlands kuma ta samar da dala miliyan 10 na kuɗaɗen haɗin gwiwa don aikin samar da ruwa na ƙasa na biyu da Bankin Duniya ya jagoranta.

=== Switzerland ===
Tun daga shekarar 1979, Switzerland ke goyon bayan ƙoƙarin gwamnati a fannonin samar da ruwa na karkara a lardunan Arewa, hororru (hukumomin horarwa, gurbi na karatu, sashin albarkatun ɗan adam) da tallafin hukumomi ga hukumomin tsakiya da na larduna. An sake nazarin shirin na Swiss a shekarar 2003 don mayar da hankali sosai kan haɓakawa, yin rajista da yada sabbin abubuwan da aka koya da kuma kawo su ga muhawarar ƙasa tare da haɗin gwiwar sauran masu ba da agaji kamar Bankin Duniya da Tarayyar Turai. Babban abin mayar da hankali zai kasance al'ummar karkara na Arewacin Mozambique. Tallafin na Swiss ana tura shi ne a wani ɓangare ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin sa-kai kamar Helvetas a Lardin Cabo Delgado, CARE a lardunan Nampula da Cabo Delgado, da WaterAid a lardunan Niassa da Zambezia. Kasafin kuɗin agaji na Swiss don ruwa a Mozambique kusan dala miliyan 3 ne kowace shekara.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sdc.admin.ch/en/Dossiers/Mozambique/Water_and_sanitation SDC] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113224155/http://www.sdc.admin.ch/en/Dossiers/Mozambique/Water_and_sanitation |date=November 13, 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== UNICEF ===
UNICEF ta gudanar da shirin Samar da Ruwa, Tsaftar Muhalli da Tsafta (WASH) na Yuro miliyan 40 daga shekarar 2007–2011 a lardunan Gaza, Zambezia, Manica, Sofala da Tete. Shirin yana da fanni guda huɗu. Fannin manufofi da tsare-tsare ya tallafawa kafa tsare-tsare na rarraba ayyuka a matakin lardi, gunduma da gundumar birni a larduna huɗu gami da ƙirƙirar rumbun adana bayanai na ruwa da tsaftar muhalli, da kuma ƙarfafa ƙarfi a cikin &quot;gundumomin koyo&quot; guda bakwai (marasa suna).&lt;ref name=&quot;odamoz.org.mz&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Project Fact Sheet for YW102 Project / Programme: TitleWater, Sanitation and Hygiene|url=http://www.odamoz.org.mz/projects/493043|publisher=ODAMoz|access-date=29 December 2012|archive-date=24 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124102913/http://www.odamoz.org.mz/projects/493043|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fannin karkara ya mayar da hankali ne don samar wa aƙalla sabbin masu amfani 500,000 a yankunan karkara hanyoyin samun &quot;wuraren amfani da ruwan sha mai kyau&quot; da kuma &quot;sabbin masu amfani 440,000 hanyoyin samun ingantattun ban-daki&quot;. Fannin birane kuma an tsara shi ne don &quot;haɓaka ƙarfin masu ruwa da tsaki na gida don tsara tsare-tsare masu kyau da aiwatar da ayyukan WASH da aka rarraba ikonsu&quot;, da kuma &quot;ƙarfafa buƙatun ingantattun ayyukan WASH&quot; da haɓakar tsafta, samar wa &quot;aƙalla sabbin masu amfani 100,000 a cikin birane matalauta da kewayen birane hanyoyin samun wuraren ruwan sha mai kyau a cikin gundumomi shida da aka zaɓa&quot; da kuma &quot;sabbin masu amfani 100,000 hanyoyin samun ingantattun ban-daki&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;odamoz.org.mz&quot;/&gt;

Fannin makaranta kuma ya samar da &quot;taimakon fasaha da na kuɗi don samar da ruwa mai kyau ga yara, tsaftar muhalli (daban ga 'yan mata da maza) da wuraren wanke hannu a makarantu 220.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;odamoz.org.mz&quot;/&gt; Wani aiki na gaba na Yuro miliyan 45 ya ci gaba da tallafawa ayyuka a lardunan Gaza, Manica, Sofala da Zambézia, tare da sabbin ayyuka a lardunan Cabo Delgado da Nampula.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Project Fact Sheet for YW 102 Project / Programme TitleWater, Sanitation and Hygiene Programme (WASH)|url=http://www.odamoz.org.mz/projects/494984|publisher=ODAMoz|access-date=29 December 2012|archive-date=24 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124102913/http://www.odamoz.org.mz/projects/494984|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Amurka ===
A shekarar 2007, Kamfanin Kalubalen Millennium (MCC) ya amince da Aikin Samar da Ruwa da Tsaftar Muhalli na dala miliyan 203.6 na birane shida, ƙananan garuruwa biyu da ƙauyuka 600.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=IRC|title=Lesotho, Mozambique: Millennium Challenge Corporation grants for major water projects|url=http://www.source.irc.nl/page/37030|access-date=1 November 2011|date=3 August 2007|archive-date=15 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415124707/http://www.source.irc.nl/page/37030|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aikin yana cikin wani babban shiri da ya shafi Lardunan Arewa guda uku: Zambézia, Nampula da Cabo Delgado. Shirin ya kuma haɗa da gina hanyoyi, tallafin kuɗin shiga ga manoma da sabis na mallakar filaye.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Mozambique Compact: Water Supply and Sanitation Project|url=http://www.mcc.gov/pages/countries/program/mozambique-compact|publisher=Millennium Challenge Corporation|access-date=29 December 2012|archive-date=2 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102001112/http://www.mcc.gov/pages/countries/program/mozambique-compact|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bankin Duniya ===
A shekarar 2012, Bankin Duniya ya amince da lamunin dala miliyan 50 don &quot;ƙarfafa gudanar da albarkatun ruwa na ƙasa da haɓaka amfanin madatsar ruwa ta Corumana don haɓaka samar da ruwa ga Babban Yankin Birnin Maputo.&quot;&lt;ref name=ODAMoz/&gt;

Aikin Ayyukan Ruwa da Tallafin Hukumomi, aikin dala miliyan 30 da aka amince da shi a shekarar 2007, yana da nufin haɓaka samar da sabis na ruwa a biranen Beira, Nampula, Quelimane, da Pemba da kuma kafa tsarin hukumomi da na dokoki don samar da ruwa a ƙananan birane da garuruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://web.worldbank.org/external/projects/main?pagePK=64283627&amp;piPK=73230&amp;theSitePK=40941&amp;menuPK=228424&amp;Projectid=P104566|title=Water Services and Institutional Support Project}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bankin Duniya ya shiga tsundum wajen haɓaka sa hannun kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a fannin samar da ruwa a birane ta hanyar ayyuka guda biyu. Aiki na farko (1998–2006) ya tallafawa haɓaka ƙarfi, samar da ruwa na karkara, gudanar da albarkatun ruwa, da kuma shirya sabuwar dabarar samar da ruwa a birane ta hanyar lamunin dala miliyan 36. Wannan dabarar, wadda aka aiwatar a lokacin aikin ruwa na biyu (2004–2009), ta tallafawa manyan ayyukan gine-gine don tsarin samar da ruwa a birane guda biyar – Maputo (babban birnin), Beira, Quelimane, Nampula da Pemba ta hanyar lamunin dala miliyan 75.&lt;ref name=&quot;web.worldbank.org&quot;/&gt;

Aikin Kwangilolin Kamfanoni Masu Zaman Kansu na Ruwa na Mozambique aiki ne na Tallafin da ya dogara da Sakamako (Output based aid) wanda aka tallafawa da tallafin dala miliyan 6 da aka amince da shi a shekarar 2007. Yana da nufin samar da hanyoyin haɗin ruwa na tallafi ga masu amfani na cikin gida a Maputo, Beira, Nampula, Quelimane, da Pemba. Ana aiwatar da aikin ne ta hannun FIPAG kuma ana sa ran tallafawa gina sama da famfunan gida na haɗin gwiwa 30,000 waɗanda za su amfani kusan mutane 468,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gpoba.org/gpoba/project/P104945|title=GPOBA: Mozambique Water Private Sector Contracts – OBA for coverage expansion}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Asusun Yanayi na Kore (Green Climate Fund)'''

Al'ummomin bakin teku masu jure canjin yanayi

=== Sauran masu ba da agaji ===
* Asusun Haɓakawa na Nordic ya samar da kuɗaɗen haɗin gwiwa don aikin farko na Bankin Duniya.

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    <title>Tafkin Sibaya</title>
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'''Tafkin Sibaya''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Tafkin Sibhayi''', tafkin ruwa mai laushi a [[Afirka ta Kudu]], tare da yanki na  km2  sq . An kuma san tafkin da Sibaya ko Sibhaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Lake Sibaya |url=https://isimangaliso.com/jewel/lake-sibaya/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260620115840/https://isimangaliso.com/jewel/lake-sibaya/ |archive-date=20 June 2026 |access-date=27 April 2020 |website=isiMangaliso park |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tafkin yana cikin [[Maputaland]], ko Umhlabuyalingana, yankin KwaZulu-Natal, a gabashin gabar Afirka ta Kudu.

Yana daga cikin Babban St. Lucia Wetland Park kuma an amince da shi a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar a matsayin &quot;Wetland na Muhimmancin Duniya&quot; a ranar 28 ga Yuni 1991. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1999, an ayyana Babban St. Lucia Wetland Park a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya]] na [[UNESCO]], kuma an sake masa suna iSimangaliso Wetland Park.

An gano nau'ikan tsuntsaye 279 a Tafkin Sibaya.

Shirin Ruwa na Mseleni da Shirin samar da Ruwa na Mbazwana dukansu suna samun ruwa daga Tafkin Sibaya.

== Yawon shakatawa ==
Tafkin Sibaya Lodge yana kan iyakar arewacin tafkin. Gidan zama ne mai tsada tare da shaguna 16.

== Matsayin tafkin ==
Don tabbatar da yiwuwar dalilin kusan 4 m faduwa a matakin Tafkin Sibaya tsakanin &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; da 2014, don tantance tasirin abstractions don amfani da ruwa na cikin gida da kuma shuke-shuke na kasuwanci a matakan tafkin, da kuma tantance abin da za'a iya cirewa daga Tafkin Sibayaya. Daga bincike da kwaikwayon da aka yi, an kammala cewa babban dalilin faduwar a matakin Tafkin Sibaya shine ruwan sama na kasa da matsakaici a cikin lokacin 2001 zuwa 2011. Koyaya, yayin da sakamakon kwaikwayon ya nuna cewa tasirin a kan matakan tafkin na abstractions don amfani da cikin gida a wannan lokacin ya kasance maras muhimmanci, sun nuna cewa kusan 1.4 m na faduwa a matakin tafkin za a iya danganta shi da tasirin gandun daji wanda ya fara a cikin tarwatsawa a cikin shekarun 1990. An gudanar da bincike kan sakamakon da aka yi la'akari da shi tare da abubuwan da suka faru a tarihi a cikin rikodin shekaru 65 na rikodin yanayi ta amfani da matakin tafkin da aka ba da izini ko matsakaicin saukowa daga matakin tafkin a matsayin ka'idoji don gazawar tsarin. Sakamakon daga kwaikwayon matakan tafkin ta amfani da tarihin yanayi na tarihi tare da yankin da aka yi amfani da shi da kuma matakan da aka daidaita a dabi'un 2014 sun nuna cewa babu wani ƙarin amfanin gona mai ɗorewa da zai yiwu saboda raguwar da aka ci gaba a cikin matakan tafkin da aka yi la'akari da su da kuma ajiyar ruwan kasa, wanda zai zama a cikin muhalli, zamantakewa da muhalli ba a yarda da shi ba. Sakamakon simulation na farko ya nuna cewa ana buƙatar cire kusan 5 km2 na gandun daji don saki 1 MCM / shekara don abubuwan da suka shafi cikin gida. Koyaya, waɗannan sakamakon farko suna buƙatar ingantaccen tabbatar da bayanan shigarwa da sake dubawa game da ƙirar don ƙara amincewa da sakamakon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Smithers |first=J.C. |last2=Gray |first2=R.P. |last3=Johnson |first3=S |last4=Still |first4=D |date=2017-08-02 |title=Modelling and water yield assessment of Lake Sibhayi |journal=Water SA |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=480 |bibcode=2017WatSA..43..480S |doi=10.4314/wsa.v43i3.13 |issn=0378-4738 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

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    <title>Tafkin Natron</title>
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      <text bytes="8250" sha1="dzus1n8nysofkrh553aq7rit157yuil" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:LakeNatron_satellite_labelled.jpg|right|thumb|Rabin kudancin Tafkin Natron (sama). Hakanan ana iya ganin ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa da Dutsen Gelai. Yawancin kusan-fararen gishiri-ƙasa &quot;ƙwarewa&quot; suna yin amfani da ƙananan sassan tafkin (wanda aka saka).]]
'''Tafkin Natron''' tafkin gishiri ne mai yawan alkaline wanda ke arewacin Gundumar Ngorongoro ta Yankin Arusha a [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] tare da iyakar arewacinsa zuwa cikin Kajiado County da Narok County a [[Kenya]]. Yana cikin Gregory Rift, wanda shine reshen gabashin Rift na Gabashin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;WWF&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Eastern Africa: Northern Tanzania, on the border with Kenya |url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at0901 |website=World Wildlife Fund}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tafkin yana cikin Tafkin Natron Basin, wani wuri mai laushi na Ramsar na muhimmancin duniya.

== Bayyanawa ==
Wannan tafkin yana ciyar da shi musamman daga Kogin Ewaso Ng'iro na Kudancin, wanda ke tasowa a tsakiyar [[Kenya]], da kuma maɓuɓɓugar ruwa masu zafi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WWF&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Eastern Africa: Northern Tanzania, on the border with Kenya |url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at0901 |website=World Wildlife Fund}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba shi da zurfi, ƙasa da mita uku (9.8  zurfi, kuma ya bambanta da faɗin dangane da matakin ruwa. Tafkin yana da matsakaicin kilomita 57 (35  tsawo da kilomita 22 (14  faɗin.&lt;ref name=&quot;WWF&quot; /&gt; Yankin da ke kewaye da shi yana samun ruwan sama na yanayi mara kyau, galibi tsakanin Disamba da Mayu jimlar millimita 800 (31 in) a kowace shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;WWF&quot; /&gt; Yanayin zafi a tafkin yana sama da {{Convert|40|°C|°F}} ° C (104 ° F). &lt;ref name=&quot;WWF&quot; /&gt;

Babban matakan evaporation sun bar natron (sodium carbonate decahydrate) da trona (sodius sesquicarbonate dihydrate). Alkalinity na tafkin na iya kaiwa pH sama da 12. A cewar Kimiyya Mai Rayuwa, babban alkalinity na tafkin ya samo asali ne daga sodium carbonate da sauran ma'adanai da ke gudana cikin ruwa daga mahalli da ke kewaye. Dutsen da ke kewaye da shi ya ƙunshi alkaline, sodium-dominated trachyte lavas waɗanda aka shimfiɗa a lokacin Pleistocene. Lavas suna da adadi mai yawa na carbonate amma ƙananan matakan calcium da magnesium, wanda ya ba da damar tafkin ya mai da hankali ga alkaline saline. Wadannan matsanancin yanayin sunadarai suna haifar da yanayi mai tsanani inda kawai kwayoyin halitta na musamman zasu iya rayuwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=News |first=Marc Lallanilla published in |date=2013-10-02 |title=Lake That Turns Animals to Stone? Not Quite |url=https://www.livescience.com/40135-photographer-rick-brandt-lake-natron.html |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=Live Science |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An san sunadarai na ruwa don calcify jikin kowane abu mai rai wanda ya mutu a tafkin.

== Tsire-tsire ==
Launi na tafkin alama ce ta waɗanda ke da ƙimar evaporation mai yawa. Yayin da ruwa ke narkewa a lokacin fari, matakan salinity suna ƙaruwa har zuwa lokacin da kwayoyin da ke son gishiri suka fara bunƙasa. Irin waɗannan kwayoyin halophile sun haɗa da wasu cyanobacteria waɗanda ke yin nasu abinci tare da [[photosynthesis]] kamar yadda shuke-shuke ke yi. Red accessory photosynthesizing pigment a cikin cyanobacteria yana samar da zurfin ja na ruwa mai budewa na tafkin da launuka orange na ƙananan sassan tafkin. Yankin gishiri na alkali a saman tafkin kuma sau da yawa yana da launin ja ko ruwan hoda ta hanyar halophilic microorganisms da ke zaune a can. Yankunan gishiri da wuraren ruwa mai laushi a gefen tafkin suna tallafawa tsire-tsire iri-iri.

== Dabbobi ==
Yawancin dabbobi suna samun yawan zafin jiki na tafkin (har zuwa {{Convert|60|C|F}} ° C [140 ° F]) da kuma yawan gishiri mai yawa da canji mara kyau.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Swancer |first=Brent |date=20 April 2015 |title=The Bizarre Medusa Lake of Africa |url=https://mysteriousuniverse.org/2015/04/the-bizarre-medusa-lake-of-africa/ |access-date=1 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, Tafkin Natron gida ne ga wasu algae, invertebrates, da [[Tsuntsu|tsuntsaye]]. A cikin ruwa mai ɗan gishiri a gefen gefen, wasu kifaye na iya rayuwa.

Tafkin shine kawai yankin kiwo na yau da kullun a Gabashin Afirka don ƙananan flamingoes miliyan 2.5, wanda matsayin &quot;kusan barazana&quot; ya haifar da dogaro da wannan wuri ɗaya. Lokacin da salinity ya karu, haka ne cyanobacteria, kuma tafkin na iya tallafawa ƙarin gidaje. Wadannan flamingoes, babban garken guda daya a Gabashin Afirka, sun taru tare da tabkuna masu gishiri da ke kusa don cin abinci a kan ''Spirulina'' (algae mai launin shudi-kore tare da jan launi). Tafkin Natron wuri ne mai aminci na kiwo saboda yanayin da yake ciki shine shingen da ke fuskantar masu cin nama da ke ƙoƙarin isa ga gidajensu a kan tsibirai masu tasowa. Har ila yau, manyan flamingoes suna haifuwa a kan filayen laka.&amp;nbsp;

== Barazanar da adanawa ==
Yankin da ke kusa da tafkin gishiri ba a zaune ba amma akwai wasu kiwo da wasu noma na yanayi. Barazanar ma'aunin salinity daga karuwar yaduwar yaduwar zai zo ne daga karin katako da aka tsara a cikin ruwa na Natron da kuma shirin samar da wutar lantarki a kan Ewaso Ng'iro a fadin iyaka a [[Kenya]]. Kodayake shirye-shiryen ci gaba sun haɗa da gine-ginen dike a arewacin ƙarshen tafkin don ƙunshe da ruwa mai laushi, barazanar narkewa ga wannan wurin kiwo na iya zama mai tsanani. Babu kariya ta musamman.

Sabuwar barazana ga Tafkin Natron ita ce gabatar da ci gaban [[shuka]] ta soda ash a bakin tekun. Shuka za ta yi amfani da ruwa daga tafkin kuma ta cire sodium carbonate don canzawa zuwa wanke foda don fitarwa. Tare da shuka zai zama gidaje ga ma'aikata sama da 1000, da kuma tashar wutar lantarki mai amfani da kwal don samar da makamashi ga masana'antar. Bugu da kari, akwai yiwuwar masu haɓakawa na iya gabatar da shrimp na saline don kara ingancin cirewa.

A cewar Chris Magin, jami'in kasa da kasa na [[Royal Society for the Protection of Birds|RSPB]] na Afirka, &quot;Halin karamin flamingoes da ke ci gaba da haifuwa a fuskar irin wannan rikici yana kusa da sifili. Wannan ci gaban zai bar karamin flamingos a Gabashin Afirka da ke fuskantar halaka&quot;. Kashi saba'in da biyar na ƙananan flamingoes na duniya an haife su ne a Tafkin Natron .  A halin yanzu wani rukuni na fiye da hamsin na kiyayewa da cibiyoyin muhalli na Gabashin Afirka suna gudanar da kamfen na duniya don dakatar da shirin gina masana'antar soda ash ta Tata Chemicals Ltd na [[Mumbai]], Indiya, da Kamfanin Ci Gaban Kasa na Tanzania. Kungiyar da ke aiki a karkashin sunan laima na Lake Natron Consultative Group [[Ken Mwathe]] ne ke tsara shi, Manajan Shirin Karewa a Sakatariyar Afirka ta BirdLife International.

Kamar yadda ta hanyar sadarwa a watan Yuni 2008, Tata Chemicals ba za ta ci gaba da aikin Natron ba kuma za a sake yin nazarin wannan aikin a cikin shirin Ramsar Wetlands, wanda a halin yanzu yana shirye-shirye.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Position Statement on the Lake Natron Project&quot; (PDF). Tata Chemicals. 13 June 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 7 October 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saboda bambancin halittunta na musamman, Tanzaniya ta sanya sunan Tafkin Natron Basin a cikin jerin wuraren dausayi na Ramsar na Muhimmancin Duniya a ranar 4 ga Yuli 2001. Tafkin kuma shi ne asusun namun daji na duniya na Gabashin Afirka halophytics ecoregion.

== Ziyartar yankin ==
Akwai sansani da dama a kusa da tafkin, wanda kuma shine tushen hawan Ol Doinyo Lengai. Tafkin Natron yana da damar jan hankalin yawon bude ido da ke da mahimmanci ga bunkasuwar sha'anin yawon shakatawa. Duk da haka, rashin tsarin gudanarwa na gabaɗaya, rashin isassun kuɗi a matakin aiki, rashin hanyoyin tabbatar da daidaiton rabon fa'idodin yawon buɗe ido, da kuma rashin ingantattun kayan aikin yawon buɗe ido don tallafawa ɓangarori daban-daban na masu yawon buɗe ido an gano su ne manyan ƙalubalen da ke da alaƙa da kula da sha'anin yawon shakatawa a yankin. Hakanan ana iya shiga tafkin daga Shompole Conservancy Kenya.&lt;ref&gt;Shoo, Rehema Abeli (2020), &quot;Ecotourism Potential and Challenges at Lake Natron Ramsar Site, Tanzania&quot;, Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania, Geotechnologies and the Environment, vol. 22, Springer International Publishing, pp. 75–90, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-43302-4_6, ISBN 978-3-030-43301-7&lt;/ref&gt;

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Katse Dam, madatsar ruwa ta kankare a kan Kogin Malibamatšo a [[Lesotho]], ita ce madatsar ruwan biyu mafi girma a Afirka bayan madatsar Tekezé a Habasha. Da yake a ƙasa da haɗuwar [[Bokong River|Kogin Bokong]], wanda ya zama yammacin tafkin Katse, madatsar ruwan wani ɓangare ne na babban aikin wanda zai haɗa da manyan madatsar ruwa guda biyar a yankunan karkara masu nisa.

injiniyan farar hula na [[Afirka ta Kudu]] Ninham Shand ne ya gano damar aikin a cikin 1953 a matsayin hanyar da za a iya karawa da samar da ruwa na masana'antar Afirka ta Kudu a cikin Witwatersrand . &lt;ref name=&quot;nshand&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Unknown |date=1970 |title=Orbituary: Ninham Shand, BSc |url=https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/iicep.1970.7187 |journal=Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers |publisher=ICE Virtual Library |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=379–380 |doi=10.1680/iicep.1970.7187 |url-access=subscription |access-date=9 October 2021 |quote=&quot;In 1953, while carrying out investigations commissioned by the British Government into the rivers of the Lesotho, Shand first conceived the idea of diverting the headwaters of the Orange River from an altitude of some 10 000 ft in the Lesotho Mountains to augment the limited water supplies available for the Witwatersrand and Orange Free State. This pioneering concept became known as the Oxbox Scheme, itself a single element of a much wider plan which captured the imagination of the people of Lesotho.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bankin Duniya ya shirya yarjejeniya tsakanin gwamnatocin Afirka ta Kudu da Lesotho, wanda ya ba da damar aikin ya ci gaba.

== Gine-gine ==
An gina madatsar ruwan ne ta hanyar ƙungiyar Bouygues, Concor, Group 5, Hochtief, Impregilo, Kier Group da Sterling International. An kammala madatsar ruwan a shekara ta 1996 kuma tafkin ya cika da ruwa a shekara ta 1997. Jimlar kudin aikin ya kai dala biliyan 8.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lesotho Highlands Water Project: What Went Wrong? |url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/resources/lesotho-highlands-water-project-what-went-wrong-4060 |access-date=2016-08-15 |website=International Rivers}}&lt;/ref&gt; An gina Filin jirgin saman Katse kilomita 3 (2  kudu maso gabashin madatsar ruwan don sauƙaƙe damar shiga aikin.

== Tasirin muhalli ==
Rashin ruwa ya haifar da girgizar ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Earthquakes force families to abandon village |url=http://www.irn.org/programs/safrica/index.php?id=pr970210.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060528150502/http://www.irn.org/programs/safrica/index.php?id=pr970210.html |archive-date=2006-05-28 |access-date=2005-08-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manoma da suka rasa ƙasa ga aikin sun sami matsala wajen sake kafa sabbin hanyoyin rayuwa. Akwai ƙananan ƙasa mai noma a cikin duwatsu don maye gurbin duk abin da ya ɓace, kuma ƙoƙarin taimaka musu da sabbin hanyoyin rayuwa ba su yi nasara ba kamar aikin injiniya. Wata kungiya ta cikin gida ta rubuta tarihin aikin ɗan adam a cikin yankunan karkara da aikin ya shafa kai tsaye,  kuma muhalli da haƙƙin ɗan adam NPO, Kogin Duniya, sun samar da cikakken bayani game da tasirin. 
[[Fayil:Katse_Dam_satellite.jpg|thumb|Ra'ayi na tauraron dan adam na tafkin]]
A matsayin rage asarar mazaunin, an gudanar da ayyukan ceto na shuke-shuke a yankin da za a ambaliya, kuma an kafa lambunan Katse Botanical don gida da yada shuke-tsuke da aka ceto.&lt;ref name=&quot;bgci&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Katse Botanic Garden |url=http://www.bgci.org/garden.php?id=2591 |access-date=9 December 2016 |publisher=[[Botanic Gardens Conservation International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Isar da ruwa ==
[[Fayil:Katze_Dam_Malibamatso_River.webm|left|thumb|Hoton bidiyo na Katse Dam.]]
Ruwa daga madatsar ruwan ya fara tafiya ta hanyar rami mai nisan kilomita 45 (28 , mita 4 (13  diamita, yana fita a tashar hydroelectric kusa da Muela . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Muela Dam |url=http://ls.geoview.info/muela_dam_lesotho,51904830p |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430162435/http://ls.geoview.info/muela_dam_lesotho,51904830p |archive-date=30 April 2020 |access-date=9 January 2019 |website=Geoview}}&lt;/ref&gt; Babban tsawo na madatsar ruwan yana ba da damar tsarin isar da ruwa mai nauyi zuwa Afirka ta Kudu, ban da wutar lantarki ga Lesotho, kuma shine babban dalilin da ya sa aka zaɓi shafin.

An fara isar da ruwa a hukumance a ranar 22 ga Janairun 1998. Dam din a halin yanzu yana ba da kusan 30  mita a kowace dakika (1,100 cu ft / s) na ruwa ga [[Afirka ta Kudu]], wanda ke biyan Lesotho dala miliyan 35 a kowace shekara, tare da canjin sarauta bisa ga ƙididdigar amfani da ruwa.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an kuma fitar da ruwa daga makircin zuwa [[Kogin Caledon|Kogin Mohokare (Caledon)]] don samar da ruwa ga babban birnin Lesotho [[Maseru]] a lokutan karancin. Sabbin madatsun ruwa sun cika kamar yadda ake tsammani kuma zubar da ruwa daga madatsun zuwa koguna na ƙasa ya ci gaba a cikin wani makirci da aka tsara don adana ma'aunin muhalli. Wannan ruwan da aka zubar yana gudana zuwa [[Kogin Orange|Kogin Senqu (Orange)]] , kuma yayin da yake adana yanayin muhalli, yana amfana da waɗannan al'ummomin da ke gefen koguna kawai. Shirye-shiryen samar da ruwa ga manoma masu gudun hijira ba su yi nasara sosai ba.
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    <title>Dam din Thika</title>
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'''Dam din Dakarini''' wani madatsar ruwa ne mai tsawo 63 m, mai tsawo 458 m a kan Kogin Thika kusa da karamin garin Dakaini, kilomita 50 a arewacin [[Nairobi]], Kenya. Wannan tafkin yana da damar adanawa na cubic mita miliyan 70 kuma yana aiki don samar da ruwan sha. Ana kula da ruwa a wurin aikin magani na Ngethu. Dam din ya kara amincin samar da ruwa ga Nairobi, wanda ya sha wahala daga karancin ruwa a lokacin fari kafin a kammala ginin madatsar ruwan a shekarar 1994. Bankin Raya Afirka, Bankin Duniya, Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai da gwamnatin Kenya ne suka ba da kuɗin madatsar ruwan. An jinkirta gina shi saboda matsaloli a sayen ƙasa, wanda ya haifar da wuce gona da iri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Olima |first=W.H.A. |last2=O.A. K'akumu |date=December 1999 |title=The problems of project implementation:: a post-mortem study of Thika Dam project, Kenya |journal=Habitat International |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=467–479 |doi=10.1016/S0197-3975(99)00021-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin gini an canza tsarin madatsar ruwan don ba shi damar tsayayya da ambaliyar ruwa ta shekara 1:10,000 da kuma inganta lafiyar madatsar ruwa.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

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'''Tashar wutar lantarki ta Melka Wakena tashar''' wutar lantarki ce ta kogin Wabe Shebelle a kasar [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Tana cikin Oromia, tashar tana da ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na {{Convert|153|MW}}, wanda ya isa ya samar da wutar lantarki ga gidaje 100,300. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2008-07-25 |title=Melka Wakena - Hydro Power Station in Ethiopia |url=http://www.mbendi.com/facility/16/f103.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130104023423/http://www.mbendi.com/facility/16/f103.htm |archive-date=2013-01-04 |access-date=2009-08-01 |publisher=www.bioone.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; An gina Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Melka Wakena a shekarar 1988 a kan wani wurin tarihi mai aiki.

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    <title>Sadd el-Kafara</title>
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'''Sadd el-Kafara''' (&quot;Dam of the Infidels&quot;) wani madatsar ruwa ne a kan Wadi al-Garawi mai nisan kilomita 10 kudu maso gabashin Helwan a [[Kairo|Alkahira]], [[Misra|Misira]] . An gina madatsar ruwan ne a farkon rabin karni na uku BC ta tsoffin Masarawa don kula da ambaliyar ruwa kuma ita ce babbar madatsar ruwa mafi tsufa a duniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;eardam&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fahlbusch |first=Henning |title=Early Dams |url=http://www.thomastelford.com/journals/DocumentLibrary/ehah.2009.162.1.13.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329045857/http://www.thomastelford.com/journals/DocumentLibrary/ehah.2009.162.1.13.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2020 |access-date=20 July 2010 |publisher=History Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hisgd&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Key Developments in the History of Embankment Dams |url=https://www.lassp.cornell.edu/sethna/SimScience/cracks/advanced/ebnk_hist1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831131906/http://www.simscience.org/cracks/advanced/ebnk_hist1.html |archive-date=August 31, 2011 |access-date=20 September 2018 |publisher=SimScience}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba a kammala shi ba, ana gina madatsar ruwan na tsawon shekaru 10-12 kafin ambaliyar ruwa ta lalata shi. Georg Schweinfurth ne ya sake gano shi a cikin 1885. &lt;ref name=&quot;ancegy&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Kathryn A. Bard}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

== Bayani dalla-dalla ==
Ba a kammala [[Madatsar ruwa|madatsar ruwan]] ba amma tsawonta ya kai kimanin mita 111 da tsayinta mita 14 tare da faɗin tushe na mita 98 da faɗin gefensa mita 56. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sadd-el-Kafara Dam |url=http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0010843 |access-date=21 July 2010 |publisher=Structurae |archive-date=2 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233436/http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0010843 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Faɗin madatsar ruwan ya kai mita 32 kuma ya ƙunshi tan 60,000 na ƙasa da duwatsu. A kewaye da tsakiyar akwai tarkace guda biyu da aka cika da duwatsu. Bangon da ke ƙasa ya kai kusan mita 37, bangon da ke sama ya kai kusan mita 29, kuma ya ƙunshi {{Convert|2900|m3|ft3}}     na kayan aiki. An gina madatsar ruwan daga sama zuwa ƙasa da kuma ganuwar ƙasa da aka yi da ashlar dutse mai daraja . An gina ashlar amma ba a yi turmi a layukan da aka tsara ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jansen |first=Robert B. |title=DAMS FROM THE BEGINNING |url=http://ussdams.com/ussdeducation/Media/damsfrombegin.doc. |access-date=21 July 2010 |publisher=USSDams.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kowanne ashlar yana da kimanin {{Convert|30|cm|in}} babba, {{Convert|45|cm|in}}faɗin  {{Convert|80|cm|in}} tsayi kuma kusan {{Convert|50|lbs|kg}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;eardam&quot;/&gt;

== Lalacewa ==
Saboda zaizayar ƙasa a gefen ƙasa na madatsar ruwa da ba ta cika ba da kuma rashin [[Hanyar Zube|magudanar ruwa]], ana kyautata zaton ambaliyar ruwa ta lalata ta. Bugu da ƙari, babu wata shaida ta rami ko rami da zai karkatar da ruwa a cikin kwarin da ke kewaye da wurin ginin. Ginawa a gefen sama na madatsar ruwa galibi an kammala shi amma ɓangaren ƙasa ba a ci gaba da shi sosai ba. Ƙofar madatsar ruwa ta gangara zuwa tsakiya wanda injiniyoyin suka yi niyyar amfani da shi a matsayin hanyar magudanar ruwa. Duk da haka, tunda ba a yanke kan saman madatsar ruwa ba, ba a kare shi daga ruwan ambaliyar ruwa da zai wuce saman kogon ba. Kusantar madatsar ruwa da [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] mai albarka da nisan da ke tsakanin jama'a yana nuna cewa an gina ta ne don kariya daga irin waɗannan abubuwan, kamar waɗanda har yanzu ke faruwa a yau. &lt;ref name=&quot;ancegy&quot;/&gt; Idan an kammala, madatsar ruwa za ta adana {{Convert|465000|m3|ft3}}     – {{Convert|625000|m3|ft3}}     na ruwa da ambaliyar ruwa da suka sa madatsar ruwan ta cika makil da ruwa a gefen rafin da ke kusa. Rashin nasarar madatsar ruwan ya sa injiniyoyin Masar suka ƙi gina wani wurin na tsawon kusan ƙarni takwas. &lt;ref name=&quot;hisgd&quot;/&gt;

Wani abin da ke nuna cewa madatsar ruwan ta ragu saboda ambaliyar ruwa, ko kuma ambaliya, shi ne cewa madatsar ruwan da kanta ba ta ƙunshi yawan laka ba, wanda ke nuna cewa madatsar ruwan ba ta daɗe ba har kogin ya bar wani ƙaramin yatsa a kansa.

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    <title>Rashin ruwa na Akanyaru</title>
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'''Madatsar ruwan Akanyaru Multipurpose''', wani madatsar ruwa ne da aka tsara a fadin Kogin Akanyaru, a kan iyakar kasa da kasa tsakanin [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] da [[Burundi]] . Madatsar ruwan za ta samar da madatsar ruwa mai karfin ajiya na {{Convert|333000000|m3|0}}   Ana  ran ruwan zai samar da ruwan sha ga kimanin mutane 614,200 a ƙasashen biyu. Ana kuma sa ran madatsar ruwan za ta samar da ruwan ban ruwa ga kimanin {{Convert|12474|ha|acre}} na ƙasar noma a Burundi da Rwanda, wanda ya amfanar da kimanin manoma 24,948. Madatsar ruwan za ta kuma karɓi bakuncin '''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Akanyaru''', wadda za ta samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin {{Convert|14.5|MW}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=25 February 2021 |title=Rwanda/Burundi: the two countries will mobilize $190 million for the Akanyaru dam |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/rwanda-burundi-the-two-countries-will-mobilize-190-million-for-the-akanyaru-dam/ |access-date=26 February 2021 |publisher=Afrik21.africa |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225175357/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/rwanda-burundi-the-two-countries-will-mobilize-190-million-for-the-akanyaru-dam/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wuri ==
Tashar wutar za ta kasance a kan kogin Akanyaru, tare da kan iyakar Rwanda da Burundi, a gundumar Gisagara a lardin Kudancin kasar Rwanda da kuma a cikin gundumar Ntega a lardin Kirundo, na Burundi. &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NELSAP |date=March 2020 |title=Akanyaru Multipurpose Water Resources Development Project |url=https://nelsap.nilebasin.org/index.php/en/media-items/factsheets/34-akanyaru-multipurpose-water-resources-project-brief-march-2020/file |access-date=26 February 2021 |publisher=[[Nile Basin Initiative| Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program]] (NELSAP) |archive-date=16 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416083259/https://nelsap.nilebasin.org/index.php/en/media-items/factsheets/34-akanyaru-multipurpose-water-resources-project-brief-march-2020/file |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Madatsar ruwan tana da tsawon {{Convert|160|km|0}}, ta hanya, kudu maso yammacin [[Kigali]], babban birnin Rwanda.  Wannan kimanin {{Convert|150|km|0}}, ta hanya, arewacin [[Gitega]], babban birnin Burundi. 

== Tarihi ==
A shekarar 2012, ƙasashen Gabashin Afirka guda biyu da kuma Shirin Ayyukan Taimako na Tafkunan Kogin Equatorial (NELSAP), sun gano ''Aikin Ci Gaban Albarkatun Ruwa Mai Amfani da Yawa na Akanyaru'' . A wannan shekarar, NELSAP ta gudanar da nazarin kafin yiwuwar amfani. &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;/&gt;

A shekarar 2015, Majalisar Ministocin Kogin Nile ta amince da Aikin Akanyaru. Wakilai daga Rwanda da Burundi sun kimanta wurin aikin a watan Mayun 2016. A watan Maris na 2018, NELSAP ta shirya cikakken shirin samar da kudade ga [[Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka|Bankin Raya Afirka]] (AfDB). A shekarar 2020, an gabatar da tayin neman cikakken nazarin [[Binciken tasirin muhalli|kimanta tasirin muhalli da zamantakewa]] (ESIA), Tsarin Ayyukan Matsugunni (RAP), cikakken nazarin yiwuwa, cikakken tsari da shirya takardun tayin aikin. Ana sa ran kammala nazarin aikin a watan Maris na 2022. &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;/&gt;

== Tallafin Kuɗi ==
A watan Fabrairun 2021, an ƙididdige kuɗin aikin zuwa dala miliyan 190 na Amurka. An nemi rancen ga AfDB, a ƙarƙashin ''Cibiyar Shirye-shiryen Ayyukan Infrastructure na NEPAD'' (NEPAD-IPPF). &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;/&gt;

== Wasu abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su ==
An gabatar da samar da {{Convert|14.5|MW}}Ana sa ran tashar samar da wutar lantarki  Akanyaru, za ta samar da wutar lantarki ga gidaje 141,111 a kasashen biyu, wanda zai yi wa kimanin mutane 846,000 hidima. Aikin ya kuma kunshi gyara guraben ruwa da suka lalace a saman madatsar ruwan Akanyaru. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot; /&gt;

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    <title>Nyabarongo II Multipurpose Dam</title>
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'''Dam din Nyabarongo II Multipurpose Dam''', madatsar ruwa ce mai dumbin yawa da ake ginawa a fadin [[kogin Nyabarongo]] a [[Ruwanda|kasar Ruwanda]] . Dam din zai auna {{Convert|48|m|0}}tsayin  da {{Convert|228|m|0}} tsayi, ƙirƙirar ma'ajiyar ruwa mai ƙarfin ajiya na {{Convert|846000000|m3|liter}}    . Ana kuma sa ran madatsar ruwan za ta samar da ruwan ban ruwa ga kimanin {{Convert|20000|ha|acre}} na ƙasa, a gefen wurin da madatsar ruwan take. Bugu da ƙari, madatsar ruwan za ta karɓi bakuncin '''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Nyabarongo II''', tare da ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na megawatts 43.5. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Africa Energy |date=31 March 2021 |title=Rwanda: Nyabarongo II construction to begin next month |url=https://www.africa-energy.com/article/rwanda-nyabarongo-ii-construction-begin-next-month |access-date=29 Jun 2021 |website=Africa-Energy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NS Energy |date=2019 |title=Nyabarongo II Hydropower Project |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/nyabarongo-ii-hydropower-project/ |access-date=29 June 2021 |website=NS Energy Business}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wuri ==
Dam din Nyabarongo II yana kusa da garin Shyorongi, a gundumar Rulindo, a lardin Arewacin Ruwanda. Wannan kusan {{Convert|21|km|0}} arewa maso yammacin [[Kigali]], babban birni kuma birni mafi girma a wannan ƙasar. 

A watan Yunin 2018, gwamnatin Rwanda, ta hanyar ''Energy Development Corporation Limited'' (EDCL), wani reshe na Rwanda Energy Group (REG), ta amince da Sinohydro don gina wannan madatsar ruwa mai amfani da yawa don (a) adana ruwan ban ruwa (b) don daidaita ambaliyar ruwa a gefen wannan madatsar ruwa da kuma (c) samar da megawatts 43.5 na makamashin lantarki don ƙarawa zuwa ga tashar wutar lantarki ta ƙasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=6 April 2019 |title=Rwanda: Sinohydro invests $214 million in Nyabarongo II dam construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/rwanda-sinohydro-invests-214-million-in-nyabarongo-ii-dam-construction/ |access-date=29 June 2021 |website=Arik21.africa |archive-date=9 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209104649/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/rwanda-sinohydro-invests-214-million-in-nyabarongo-ii-dam-construction/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Afrilun 2019, an fayyace yarjejeniyoyin da ke tsakanin ɓangarorin. An bai wa Sinohydro aikin gina madatsar ruwa da kuma sanya sassan su yi aiki, ba daga baya ba sai a shekarar 2025. An amince da tsarin ginin da za a yi amfani da shi ya zama &quot;gina, mallaka, aiki da canja wurin&quot; (BOOT). An ware kasafin kuɗin aikin zuwa dala miliyan 214. &lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;/&gt;

Ana nufin tashar wutar lantarki ta Nyabarongo II don haɓaka {{Convert|28|MW}} Nyabarongo I Hydroelectric Power Station, sama daga Nyabarongo II. &lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;/&gt;

== Ci gaba, kuɗi da kuma lokaci ==
An bai wa Sinohydro, kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa, injiniya da gine-gine mallakar gwamnatin kasar Sin kwangilar injiniya, sayayya, da gini, kan farashin dala miliyan 214. &lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;/&gt;

Gwamnatin Rwanda ce ta ranci kudaden, daga Bankin Exim na China bisa sharuddan rangwame. &lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hydropower &amp; Dams |date=25 February 2020 |title=Rwanda signs financing agreement for Nyabarongo II project |url=https://www.hydropower-dams.com/news/rwanda-signs-financing-agreement-for-nyabarongo-ii-project/ |access-date=29 June 2021 |website=The International Journal On Hydropower &amp; Dams}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An fara ginin ne a watan Afrilun 2021 kuma an tsara zai ɗauki tsawon lokaci har zuwa Disamba 2026. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;/&gt;

== Kayayyakin more rayuwa masu alaƙa ==
Baya ga madatsar ruwa da tashar wutar lantarki, Sinohydro tana ƙarƙashin kwangilar gina ababen more rayuwa masu zuwa, a matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan aikin: (a) gada a kan [[Kogin Nyabarongo]] (b) wurin canza kaya da kuma tashar samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin 110kV (c) layin watsawa mai ƙarfin 110kV wanda ya kai {{Convert|19|km|0}}, daga tashar wutar lantarki zuwa tashar samar da wutar lantarki a Rulindo, inda makamashi zai shiga tashar wutar lantarki ta ƙasa da kuma (d) hanya ta dindindin zuwa wurin da madatsar ruwa ke aiki. Duk wannan za a kammala shi cikin watanni 56. &lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot; /&gt;
==Manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nyabarongo I Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Ruwa</title>
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        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9834</id>
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      <comment>Fixed typo</comment>
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'''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Nyabarongo I,''' {{Convert|28|MW}} tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa a [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Wuri ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana a fadin [[Kogin Nyabarongo]], kusa da matsugunin ''Mushishiro'', gundumar Muhanga, a lardin Kudancin Rwanda. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=The New Times |title=Nyabarongo Dam Located In Mushishiro Sector |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=14364&amp;a=32902 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320215730/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=14364&amp;a=32902 |archive-date=20 March 2014 |access-date=15 November 2014 |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan wuri yana da nisan kimanin {{Convert|75|km|mi}}, ta hanya, kudu maso yammacin [[Kigali]], [[babban birni]] kuma birni mafi girma a Ruwanda. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kigali And Mushishiro With Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Rwanda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kigali%20(Kigali)%20&amp;toplace=Mushishiro%20(Gitarama)&amp;fromlat=-1.9536111&amp;tolat=-2.3&amp;fromlng=30.0605556&amp;tolng=29.65 |access-date=15 November 2014 |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mushishiro yana kwance kusan {{Convert|35|km|mi}}, ta hanya, kudu da hedikwatar lardin a [[Muhanga|Gitarama]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Map Showing Gitarama And Mushishiro With Distance Marker |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Rwanda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Gitarama%20(Gitarama)%20&amp;toplace=Mushishiro%20(Gitarama)&amp;fromlat=-2.0744444&amp;tolat=-2.3&amp;fromlng=29.7566667&amp;tolng=29.65 |access-date=15 November 2014 |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani ==
Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Nyabarongo I wata tashar samar da wutar lantarki ce ta ruwa a Rwanda, wadda aka kammala a watan Oktoban 2014, tare da ranar fara aiki a watan Nuwamban 2014. An kiyasta kudin shigar da wutar lantarkin ya kai dala miliyan 110, kuma an tsara aikin zai kai MW 28. Aikin ya kunshi madatsar ruwa, tare da tsarin kogi, a fadin Kogin Mwogo, daya daga cikin magudanan ruwa na [[Kogin Nyabarongo]] . Aikin, wanda Angelique International Limited da Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited na [[Indiya]] suka gudanar, shine mafi girman aikin samar da wutar lantarki a [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], zuwa yanzu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Peter |date=22 October 2014 |title=Nyabarongo To Start Hydro Production In November |url=http://www.rwandaenergy.com/2014/10/nyabarongo-to-start-hydro-production-in-november/ |access-date=24 July 2015 |publisher=Rwanda Energy |archive-date=24 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724163219/http://www.rwandaenergy.com/2014/10/nyabarongo-to-start-hydro-production-in-november/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Naresh Kapoor Sr., Babban Manaja shine Babban Jami'in Ayyuka da Angelique International Limited na [[Indiya]] ya nada. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Frank Kanyesigye |date=26 July 2011 |title=Rwanda: Nyabarongo Hydro Project To Be Completed By 2014 |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201107261413.html |access-date=5 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani ɓangare na aikin injiniyan an kuma ba shi kwangilar kamfanin Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation (SMEC) na kasar Australia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tiphomus Muyagu |date=24 March 2014 |title=Rwanda: Nyabarongo Hydro-Electric Plant to Significantly Boost Energy Supply |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201403260453.html |access-date=5 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; An haɗa dukkan na'urorin biyu zuwa layin wutar lantarki na Rwanda a ranakun 27 ga Oktoba 2014 da 30 ga Oktoba 2014. Gwamnatin Rwanda ta bai wa dan kwangilar wa'adin aiki a watan Oktoba 2014. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ivan R. Mugisha |date=2 September 2014 |title=Nyabarongo Hydropower Contractor Given October Deadline |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2014-09-02/345/ |access-date=15 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kammala aikin tashar wutar lantarki kuma an mika ta ga abokin ciniki a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 2014. Shugaban Rwanda ne ya kaddamar da ita a hukumance a ranar 5 ga Maris 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Government of Rwanda |date=6 March 2015 |title=Rwanda: President Kagame Inaugurates Nyabarongo I Hydro Plant to Power Economic Transformation |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201503201410.html |access-date=24 July 2015 |website=[[Government of Rwanda]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wasu abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su ==
Kayan aiki, da sauransu. na cikakken fakitin E&amp;M na 2x14 MW Vertical Francis Hydro Generating Units a Nyaborongo HEP, Jamhuriyar Rwanda, Afirka. Kayan aikin FITWELL Power Projects wani kamfani na Indiya ne ke gudanar da shi a matsayin ƙaramin ɗan kwangila na BHEL.

==Manazarta==</text>
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    <title>Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Rusumo</title>
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        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9834</id>
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      <comment>Fixed typo</comment>
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Rusumo '''Hydroelectric Power Station''' ( Kinyarwanda   Rusumo, French   ), wanda kuma aka sani da '''Rusumo Power Station''', wani kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki ne mai aiki a cikin ruwa, wanda ke da ƙarfin farko na {{Convert|80|MW}} . Aikin ya ƙunshi gina madatsar ruwa, tare da tsarin kogi . {{Convert|90|MW}}An yi la'akari da ƙirar ma'ajiyar ruwa  kafin a yi watsi da ita don tallafawa aikin MW 80 tare da ƙaramin tasirin muhalli da kuma kimanin kuɗin da aka kiyasta ya kai dala miliyan 300 idan aka kwatanta da dala miliyan 400 na Amurka don babban aikin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Edwin Musoni |date=12 March 2012 |title=Rusumo Hydropower To Generate 80MW |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2012-03-12/50441/ |access-date=8 April 2016 |website=[[New Times (Rwanda)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bankin Duniya ya sanar a ranar 6 ga Agusta 2013 cewa ya amince da rancen da ya kai dala miliyan 340 ga dala miliyan 468.60 da ake bukata don aikin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 August 2013 |title=World Bank Approves Rusumo Falls Hydropower Plant |url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2013/08/06/world-bank-approves-rusumo-falls-hydropower-plant?cid=EXT_TWBN_D_EXT |access-date=18 February 2015 |website=[[World Bank]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Nuwamba 2013, [[Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka|Bankin Raya Afirka]] ya amince da rancen dala miliyan 113 don kammala aikin. &lt;ref name=&quot;African&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 November 2013 |title=Rwanda's 80 Megawatt Rusumo Falls Hydropower Project Receives $113 Million |url=http://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2013/11/rusomo-falls-hydropower-project-receives-113-million.html |access-date=18 February 2015 |website=Hydroworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=AfDB |date=27 November 2013 |title=AfDB Board Commits US$113 Million to Regional Rusumo Falls Hydropower Project |url=http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/afdb-board-commits-us-113-million-to-regional-rusumo-falls-hydropower-project-12610/ |access-date=18 February 2015 |website=[[African Development Bank]] (AfDB)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wuri ==
Tashar wutar lantarkin tana kan [[kogin Kagera]], kusa da kan iyakar Rwanda da [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] kuma tana da nisan kimanin {{Convert|2|km|mi}} ƙasan wurin da ƙasashen biyu ke raba kan iyaka da [[Burundi]] . Aikin yana nan a [[Faɗuwar ruwan Rusumo|Rusumo Falls]], kusa da garin Rusumo, kimanin {{Convert|164.5|km}}, ta hanya, kudu maso gabashin [[Kigali]], babban birnin kuma mafi girma a Rwanda.  Ruwan Rusumo yana da nisan kimanin {{Convert|61|km}}, ta hanya, kudu maso gabashin hedikwatar lardin a Kibungo, a gundumar Ngoma.  Kimanin daidaitattun tashoshin wutar lantarki sune: 02°22'47.0&quot;S, 30°47'09.0&quot;E (Latitude:-2.379722; Longitude:30.785833). 

== Wasu abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su ==
An gudanar da bikin gina tashar wutar lantarki a Ngara, a yankin Tanzaniya a ranar 30 ga Maris, 2017, wanda jami'an gwamnati daga ƙasashe uku masu cin gajiyar wannan aiki suka halarta; dukkansu membobin [[Al'ummar Gabashin Afirka|ƙungiyar Gabashin Afirka ta Yamma ne]] . Kamfanin Rusumo Power Company Limited (RPCL), wani kamfanin kera motoci na musamman, mallakar ƙasashen uku. &lt;ref name=&quot;11R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=Rwanda, Tanzania, Burundi start construction of Rusumo Dam |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/rwanda-tanzania-burundi-start-construction-rusumo-dam/ |access-date=21 May 2018 |website=[[The Independent (Uganda)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An zaɓi 'yan kwangila biyu don wannan aiki. Haɗin gwiwa tsakanin CGCOC Group da Jiangxi Water &amp; Hydropower Construction Company Limited ne ke da alhakin ayyukan farar hula, yayin da ANDRITZ Hydro daga Jamus da Indiya ke da alhakin ayyukan lantarki. &lt;ref name=&quot;11R&quot; /&gt;

== Ci gaba ==
A watan Nuwamba na 2016, an sanya hannu kan kwangiloli biyu da suka share fagen gina tashar wutar lantarki a Kigali, Rwanda. Kwangilar farko ta kasance tsakanin Rusumo Power Company Limited da wani kamfanin kwangila wanda ya hada da hadin gwiwa da ya kunshi CGCOC Group Limited da Jiangxi Water &amp; Hydropower Construction Company Limited. Wannan kwangilar ta tanadar da ayyukan gwamnati, ciki har da samar da kayan aikin injina na ruwa da kuma sanya su. &lt;ref name=&quot;Sign&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Diane Mushimiyimana |date=11 November 2016 |title=Rusumo power project construction a step closer |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2016-11-11/205253/ |access-date=15 November 2016 |website=[[New Times (Rwanda)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An sanya hannu kan kwangila ta biyu tsakanin Rusumo Power Company Limited da wani kamfani, ciki har da Rusumo Falls Andritz Hydro GmbH na [[Jamus]] da Andritz Hydro PVT Limited na [[Indiya]], don gudanar da ayyukan lantarki da na injiniya don samar da wutar lantarki. &lt;ref name=&quot;Sign&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Diane Mushimiyimana |date=11 November 2016 |title=Rusumo power project construction a step closer |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2016-11-11/205253/ |access-date=15 November 2016 |website=[[New Times (Rwanda)]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDiane_Mushimiyimana2016&quot;&gt;Diane Mushimiyimana (11 November 2016). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya zuwa watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2016, an yi hasashen cewa za a kashe dala miliyan 340 wajen aikin, wanda Bankin Duniya zai dauki nauyinsa. An yi hasashen cewa layukan wutar lantarki guda uku masu karfin lantarki da za su kwashe wutar lantarki da ake samarwa za su kashe dala miliyan 121, wanda Bankin Raya Afirka ya dauki nauyinsa. An shirya fara aikin ginin a watan Janairun shekarar 2017. &lt;ref name=&quot;Sign&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Diane Mushimiyimana |date=11 November 2016 |title=Rusumo power project construction a step closer |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2016-11-11/205253/ |access-date=15 November 2016 |website=[[New Times (Rwanda)]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDiane_Mushimiyimana2016&quot;&gt;Diane Mushimiyimana (11 November 2016). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gine-gine ==
An gudanar da bikin gina tashar wutar lantarki a Ngara, a yankin Tanzaniya a ranar 30 ga Maris, 2017, wanda jami'an gwamnati daga ƙasashe uku masu cin gajiyar wannan aiki suka halarta; dukkansu membobin [[Al'ummar Gabashin Afirka|ƙungiyar Gabashin Afirka ta Yamma ne]] . Kamfanin Rusumo Power Company Limited (RPCL), wani kamfanin kera motoci na musamman, mallakar ƙasashen uku. &lt;ref name=&quot;11R&quot; /&gt; An zaɓi 'yan kwangila biyu don wannan aiki. Haɗin gwiwa tsakanin CGCOC Group da Jiangxi Water &amp; Hydropower Construction Company Limited ne ke da alhakin ayyukan farar hula, yayin da ANDRITZ Hydro daga Jamus da Indiya ke da alhakin ayyukan lantarki. &lt;ref name=&quot;11R&quot; /&gt;
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    <title>Oued El Abid</title>
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      <comment>Fixed typo</comment>
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[[Fayil:Oued_El_Abid_-_RR_26.jpg|right|thumb|Oued El Abid]]
'''Oued El Abid''' wani kwarin ruwa ne a arewa maso gabashin Tunisiya.    
[[Fayil:Barrage_Oued_El_Abid.jpg|right|thumb|Barrage Oued El Abid]]
'''Barrage Oued El Abid''' (سد وادي العبيد) [[madatsar ruwa]] ce da ke kan [[Kogi|kogin]] a 36 ° 49 '13 &quot;arewa, 10°42'11&quot; [[gabas]] wanda aka gina a shekarar 2002 kuma tana ɗauke da mita miliyan 10³.

Sunan kogin yana nufin kwarin kwarin bayi.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Oued Siliana</title>
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      <comment>Added databox</comment>
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[[Fayil:Medjerda_Bassin_OSM.png|right|thumb|Yankin magudanar ruwa ta Medjerda tare da Oued Siliana (tsakiya ta dama)]]
'''El Oued Siliana''' kogi ne na [[Tunisiya]] a yankin da ya taso daga [[Maktar]], wanda ke gudana arewa kuma yana malala zuwa kogin Medjerda kimanin kilomita 5.&amp;nbsp;kilomita [[yamma]] da Testour .

A kan hanyarsa ta zuwa tattara damina, yana shayar da rafuka da yawa waɗanda suka bushe a mafi yawan shekara. Hanyar tana da nisan mil 120.&amp;nbsp;km. matsakaicin ruwan sama shine 455&amp;nbsp;mm/shekara tsakanin Satumba da Janairu ya karu tsakanin kashi 15 zuwa 11. Babban hanyar birnin har yanzu ita ce Gaâfour da Siliana . Hanyar farko ta ruwa tana ƙarƙashin ikon madatsar ruwa ta [[El Akhmim]] ; sama da Siliana Siliana da ma'ajiyar ruwa; kuma a gefen hagu kusa da bakin akwai [[Sidi Salem Reservoir|Ma'ajiyar Ruwa ta Sidi Salem]] . Kogin yana ratsawa tsakanin yankuna daban-daban na tsayi yana sanye da Yahia OLED mita 584 da mita 1347 a Jebel Serj, matsakaicin bambanci na mita 400 da ruwan sama daban-daban (bambanci na 150).&amp;nbsp;mm/shekara).

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wādī Bertema</title>
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      <comment>Fixed typo</comment>
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[[Fayil:Temple_d’Esculape_à_Boughrara_01.jpg|right|thumb|Wādī Bertema a bango]]
'''Wādī Bertema''' wani rafi ne da ke kan Latitude : 33°31'59.98&quot; da Longitude : 10°40'59.99&quot; a [[Madanīn]], [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]] . Kogin yana gudana daga Metameur zuwa Boughrara a kan Tekun Tunis, kuma kasancewarsa hanyar ruwa ta bakin teku, tsayin da ke sama da [[Sea level|matakin teku]] ya kai [[mita]] 1.   

Rumbunan garin Gigthi na [[Romawa na Da|Romawa]] suna kusa.&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:Temple_d’Esculape_à_Boughrara_04.jpg|alt=Wādī Bertema in background| Wādī Bertema a bango
Fayil:Djerba,_Lac_Bibane.jpg|alt=satellite Image of Wādī Bertema area| tauraron dan adam Hoton yankin Wādī Bertema
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>ssbg7khvkbwgalvl22licfbbtxvofy1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Biri</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153520</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893001</id>
      <parentid>843547</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:01:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9834</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixed typo</comment>
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      <text bytes="1567" sha1="cikdskcobek4jd6vv2urdk0jny8gouz" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kogin Biri''' kogi ne na [[Sudan ta Kudu|Kudancin Sudan]] . Yana da magudanar ruwa ta hagu ta Kogin Kuru, wato tushen ruwan [[Lol River|Kogin Lol]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Biri yana tashi a kudancin Bahr el Ghazal ta Yamma kusa da kan iyaka da [[Haut-Mbomou]] a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya. Yana gudana a arewa maso gabas ta wuce Deim Zubeir (wanda ke gabas), sannan arewa maso gabas zuwa kan iyaka da Arewacin Bahr el Ghazal, inda ya haɗu da Kogin Chel ko Kuru daga hagu. {{Sfn|Way: Biri (625766815)}}

== Tarihi ==
Da alama Bature na farko da ya ziyarci kogin shine Dr. Georg August Schweinfurth, wanda ya shafe shekaru uku yana bincike a yankin Bahr-el-Ghazal kafin ya koma Turai a kaka ta 1871. Bai yi wani nazari na ilmin taurari ba, don haka bai rubuta latitude ko longitude ba, amma ya yi cikakken lissafin nisa da alkibla. Taswirarsa ta hanyoyin koguna kamar Biri da Kuru daidai ne. {{Sfn|Johnston|1903}}

Frank Lupton a cikin ''bincikensa na ƙasa a shekarar 1884 a Yankin Bahr-el-Ghazal'' ya nuna kogin Biri yana gudana a arewa maso gabas ta wuce Deim Zubeir, amma sai (ba daidai ba) ya nuna cewa [[Kogin Sopo|Kogin Sabu (Sopo)]] ya haɗu da shi kafin ya kwarara zuwa Kogin Boru (Boro) kafin Kogin Kuru ya haɗu da Boru. {{Sfn|Lupton|1888}} A watan Yunin 1894, wata rundunar sojojin Belgium a ƙarƙashin [[Xavier-Ernest Donckier de Donceel]] ta shiga yankin daga kudu maso yamma. Ta ratsa kogunan Biri, [[Kogin Sopo|Sopo]] da Cohoca (?) ta isa Liffi a kudancin Kogin Raja a ranar 25 ga Yunin 1894. {{Sfn|Santandrea|1955}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>cikdskcobek4jd6vv2urdk0jny8gouz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ruwan Chula (tsibiran)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153534</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893006</id>
      <parentid>843575</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T15:24:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9834</id>
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      <comment>Fixed typo</comment>
      <origin>893006</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="232" sha1="ej494o6elhiuxju8dzv6aiw1biy8d4n" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Chula''' [[Tsibirin|tsibiri]] ne da ke cikin tsibiran Bajuni a kudancin [[Somaliya]]  a Tekun Somaliya. Ita ce tsibiri mafi yawan jama'a daga cikin tsibiran shida.

== Duba kuma ==

* Jasiirada Khuuri

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>ej494o6elhiuxju8dzv6aiw1biy8d4n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Michael Eifert</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153700</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893092</id>
      <parentid>888732</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:32:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
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      <text bytes="5961" sha1="jz5xfexk4ehgn3iblzoghzprdaysias" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
Michael Eifert (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1997) ɗan wasan dambe ne na Jamus. Ya kuma yi gasa a cikin rukuni mai nauyi, inda ya kalubalanci gasar zakarun Unified mai nauyi a shekara ta 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Artur Beterbiev ordered to take on IBF mandatory challenger despite Dmitry Bivol's rematch plea|url=https://www..tntsports.co.uk/boxing/artur-beterbiev-dmitry-bivol-ibf-rematch-michael-eifert_sto20046201/story.shtml|date=27 February 2025}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan sana'a ==

=== Farkon aiki ===
Eifert ya fara aikinsa na farko a ranar 18 ga Yuni 2018 a Jamus. Ya doke Przemyslaw Binienda na Poland ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Michael Eifert |url=https://champinon.info/boxing/michael-eifert/#google_vignette |date=27 Feb 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;Eifert ya sha wahala a farkon aikinsa lokacin da ya rasa dan uwansa na Jamus Tom Dzemski . Koyaya, Eifert daga baya ya rama wannan asarar don kama taken IBF Youth Light Heavyweight.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=How to watch Jean Pascal vs Michael Eifert IBF light heavyweight world title eliminator|url=https://globalboxingnews.co.uk/blogs/how-to-watch-jean-pascal-vs-michael-eifert-ibf-light-heavyweight-world-title-eliminator|date=27 Feb 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Eifert da Pascal ===
Eifert ya sami babbar nasara a cikin aikinsa a kan tsohon mai kalubalantar WBA mai nauyi Jean Pascal . Duk da cewa Pascal ya wuce mafi kyawunsa, Eifert har yanzu yana da rauni. Eifert ya mamaye yakin a ko'ina, tare da Pascal yana kallon kowane bangare na mayaƙan mai shekaru arba'in da yake. Tare da nasarar, an inganta Eifert zuwa mai fafatawa na farko don taken IBF mai nauyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Results: Michael Eifert upsets Jean Pascal, wins clear decision in IBF eliminator|url=https://www.badlefthook.com/2023/3/16/23644030/results-michael-eifert-upsets-jean-pascal-wins-clear-decision-ibf-eliminator-boxing-news-2023#:~:text=Michael%20Eifert%20earned%20a%20clear%20decision%20win%20tonight%20over%20Jean,and%20should%20be%20called%20out.|date=27 Feb 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubucen harkokin dambe ==
{{Boxing record summary}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
!Sakamakon
!Rubuce-rubuce
!Abokin hamayya
!Irin wannan
!Zagaye, lokaci
!Ranar
!Wurin da yake
!Bayani
|-
|15|{{no2}}Loss
|13–2
| style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; |Dmitry Bivol
|UD
|12
|30 ga Mayu 2026
| style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; |&lt;small&gt;UMMC Arena, Yekaterinburg, Rasha&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|For [[World Boxing Association|WBA (Super)]], [[International Boxing Federation|IBF]] and [[The Ring Magazine|The Ring light heavyweight titles]]}}
|-
|14|{{yes2}}Win
|13–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Carlos Eduardo Jimenez
|RTD
|2 (6), {{Small|1:00}}
|24 ga watan Agusta 2024
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Wolfgang-Lakenmacher-Halle, Magdeburg, Germany}}
|
|-
|13|{{yes2}}Win
|12–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Jean Pascal
|UD
|12
|16 Maris 2023
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|[[Place Bell]], [[Laval, Quebec|Laval]], Canada}}
|
|-
|12|{{yes2}}Win
|11–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Adriano Sperandio
|UD
|10
|16 Yuli 2022
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Maritim Hotel, Magdeburg, Germany}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Won vacant IBF Inter-Continental light heavyweight title}}
|-
|11|{{yes2}}Win
|10–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Gyorgy Varju
|KO
|1 (6), {{Small|2:48}}
|22 Afrilu 2022
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Berg Tal Resort Lueneburger Heide, [[Bispingen]], Germany}}
|
|-
|10|{{yes2}}Win
|9–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Nils Schmidt
|KO
|3 (10), {{Small|1:53}}
|18 Disamba 2021
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Maritim Hotel, Magdeburg, Germany}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Won the vacant BDB German light heavyweight title}}
|-
|9|{{yes2}}Win
|8–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Tom Dzemski
|MD
|10
|17 Yuli 2021
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Seebühne Elbauenpark, Magdeburg, Germany}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Won IBF Youth and vacant [[World Boxing Council|WBC]] Youth light heavyweight titles.}}
|-
|8|{{yes2}}Win
|7–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Dustin Ammann
|UD
|8
|5 Yuni 2021
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Seebühne Elbauenpark, Magdeburg, Germany}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Won vacant [[World Boxing Organization|WBO]] Youth light heavyweight title}}
|-
|7|{{no2}}Loss
|6–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Tom Dzemski
|MD
|8
|22 ga watan Agusta 2020
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Seebühne Elbauenpark, Magdeburg, Germany}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|For vacant [[International Boxing Federation|IBF]] Youth light heavyweight title.}}
|-
|6|{{yes2}}Win
|6–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Beka Aduashvili
|UD
|6
|30 Nuwamba 2019
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Sportovni Hala Kladno, [[Kladno]], Czech Republic}}
|
|-
|5|{{yes2}}Win
|5–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Stanislav Eschner
|MD
|6
|11 ga Mayu 2019
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Stadthalle, [[Magdeburg]], Germany}}
|
|-
|4|{{yes2}}Win
|4–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Istvan Zeller
|UD
|6
|15 Disamba 2018
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|[[Tirana Olympic Park|Olympic Park “Feti Borova”]], [[Tirana]], Albania}}
|
|-
|3|{{yes2}}Win
|3–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Patrick Doering
|TKO
|2 (4), {{Small|2:00}}
|17 Nuwamba 2018
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Anhalt Arena, [[Dessau-Roßlau]], Germany}}
|
|-
|2|{{yes2}}Win
|2–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Ondrej Schwarz
|KO
|2 (4), {{Small|0:30}}
|27 ga Oktoba 2018
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Stadthalle, [[Weißenfels]], Germany}}
|
|-
|1|{{yes2}}Win
|1–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Przemyslaw Binienda
|UD
|4
|2 Yuni 2018
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|weeArena, [[Bad Tölz]], Germany}}
|
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==
BoxRec: Michael Eifert
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]]</text>
      <sha1>jz5xfexk4ehgn3iblzoghzprdaysias</sha1>
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      <id>893095</id>
      <parentid>893092</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:32:42Z</timestamp>
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        <id>44092</id>
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      <origin>893095</origin>
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      <text bytes="5971" sha1="epvm0rpq529w88wpmex5xyn6xjwzc4h" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
Michael Eifert (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1997) ɗan wasan dambe ne na Jamus. Ya kuma yi gasa a cikin rukuni mai nauyi, inda ya kalubalanci gasar zakarun Unified mai nauyi a shekara ta 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Artur Beterbiev ordered to take on IBF mandatory challenger despite Dmitry Bivol's rematch plea|url=https://www..tntsports.co.uk/boxing/artur-beterbiev-dmitry-bivol-ibf-rematch-michael-eifert_sto20046201/story.shtml|date=27 February 2025}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan sana'a ==

=== Farkon aiki ===
Eifert ya fara aikinsa na farko a ranar 18 ga Yunin shekarar 2018 a Jamus. Ya doke Przemyslaw Binienda na Poland ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Michael Eifert |url=https://champinon.info/boxing/michael-eifert/#google_vignette |date=27 Feb 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;Eifert ya sha wahala a farkon aikinsa lokacin da ya rasa dan uwansa na Jamus Tom Dzemski . Koyaya, Eifert daga baya ya rama wannan asarar don kama taken IBF Youth Light Heavyweight.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=How to watch Jean Pascal vs Michael Eifert IBF light heavyweight world title eliminator|url=https://globalboxingnews.co.uk/blogs/how-to-watch-jean-pascal-vs-michael-eifert-ibf-light-heavyweight-world-title-eliminator|date=27 Feb 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Eifert da Pascal ===
Eifert ya sami babbar nasara a cikin aikinsa a kan tsohon mai kalubalantar WBA mai nauyi Jean Pascal . Duk da cewa Pascal ya wuce mafi kyawunsa, Eifert har yanzu yana da rauni. Eifert ya mamaye yakin a ko'ina, tare da Pascal yana kallon kowane bangare na mayaƙan mai shekaru arba'in da yake. Tare da nasarar, an inganta Eifert zuwa mai fafatawa na farko don taken IBF mai nauyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Results: Michael Eifert upsets Jean Pascal, wins clear decision in IBF eliminator|url=https://www.badlefthook.com/2023/3/16/23644030/results-michael-eifert-upsets-jean-pascal-wins-clear-decision-ibf-eliminator-boxing-news-2023#:~:text=Michael%20Eifert%20earned%20a%20clear%20decision%20win%20tonight%20over%20Jean,and%20should%20be%20called%20out.|date=27 Feb 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubucen harkokin dambe ==
{{Boxing record summary}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
!Sakamakon
!Rubuce-rubuce
!Abokin hamayya
!Irin wannan
!Zagaye, lokaci
!Ranar
!Wurin da yake
!Bayani
|-
|15|{{no2}}Loss
|13–2
| style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; |Dmitry Bivol
|UD
|12
|30 ga Mayu 2026
| style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; |&lt;small&gt;UMMC Arena, Yekaterinburg, Rasha&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|For [[World Boxing Association|WBA (Super)]], [[International Boxing Federation|IBF]] and [[The Ring Magazine|The Ring light heavyweight titles]]}}
|-
|14|{{yes2}}Win
|13–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Carlos Eduardo Jimenez
|RTD
|2 (6), {{Small|1:00}}
|24 ga watan Agusta 2024
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Wolfgang-Lakenmacher-Halle, Magdeburg, Germany}}
|
|-
|13|{{yes2}}Win
|12–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Jean Pascal
|UD
|12
|16 Maris 2023
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|[[Place Bell]], [[Laval, Quebec|Laval]], Canada}}
|
|-
|12|{{yes2}}Win
|11–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Adriano Sperandio
|UD
|10
|16 Yuli 2022
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Maritim Hotel, Magdeburg, Germany}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Won vacant IBF Inter-Continental light heavyweight title}}
|-
|11|{{yes2}}Win
|10–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Gyorgy Varju
|KO
|1 (6), {{Small|2:48}}
|22 Afrilu 2022
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Berg Tal Resort Lueneburger Heide, [[Bispingen]], Germany}}
|
|-
|10|{{yes2}}Win
|9–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Nils Schmidt
|KO
|3 (10), {{Small|1:53}}
|18 Disamba 2021
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Maritim Hotel, Magdeburg, Germany}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Won the vacant BDB German light heavyweight title}}
|-
|9|{{yes2}}Win
|8–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Tom Dzemski
|MD
|10
|17 Yuli 2021
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Seebühne Elbauenpark, Magdeburg, Germany}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Won IBF Youth and vacant [[World Boxing Council|WBC]] Youth light heavyweight titles.}}
|-
|8|{{yes2}}Win
|7–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Dustin Ammann
|UD
|8
|5 Yuni 2021
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Seebühne Elbauenpark, Magdeburg, Germany}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Won vacant [[World Boxing Organization|WBO]] Youth light heavyweight title}}
|-
|7|{{no2}}Loss
|6–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Tom Dzemski
|MD
|8
|22 ga watan Agusta 2020
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Seebühne Elbauenpark, Magdeburg, Germany}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|For vacant [[International Boxing Federation|IBF]] Youth light heavyweight title.}}
|-
|6|{{yes2}}Win
|6–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Beka Aduashvili
|UD
|6
|30 Nuwamba 2019
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Sportovni Hala Kladno, [[Kladno]], Czech Republic}}
|
|-
|5|{{yes2}}Win
|5–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Stanislav Eschner
|MD
|6
|11 ga Mayu 2019
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Stadthalle, [[Magdeburg]], Germany}}
|
|-
|4|{{yes2}}Win
|4–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Istvan Zeller
|UD
|6
|15 Disamba 2018
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|[[Tirana Olympic Park|Olympic Park “Feti Borova”]], [[Tirana]], Albania}}
|
|-
|3|{{yes2}}Win
|3–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Patrick Doering
|TKO
|2 (4), {{Small|2:00}}
|17 Nuwamba 2018
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Anhalt Arena, [[Dessau-Roßlau]], Germany}}
|
|-
|2|{{yes2}}Win
|2–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Ondrej Schwarz
|KO
|2 (4), {{Small|0:30}}
|27 ga Oktoba 2018
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Stadthalle, [[Weißenfels]], Germany}}
|
|-
|1|{{yes2}}Win
|1–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Przemyslaw Binienda
|UD
|4
|2 Yuni 2018
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|weeArena, [[Bad Tölz]], Germany}}
|
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==
BoxRec: Michael Eifert
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]]</text>
      <sha1>epvm0rpq529w88wpmex5xyn6xjwzc4h</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893097</id>
      <parentid>893095</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:32:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893097</origin>
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      <text bytes="5976" sha1="e1bespzg97en1ma6kxrrq6ohkd91lqg" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
Michael Eifert (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1997) ɗan wasan dambe ne na Jamus. Ya kuma yi gasa a cikin rukuni mai nauyi, inda ya kalubalanci gasar zakarun Unified mai nauyi a shekara ta 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Artur Beterbiev ordered to take on IBF mandatory challenger despite Dmitry Bivol's rematch plea|url=https://www..tntsports.co.uk/boxing/artur-beterbiev-dmitry-bivol-ibf-rematch-michael-eifert_sto20046201/story.shtml|date=27 February 2025}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan sana'a ==

=== Farkon aiki ===
Eifert ya kuma fara aikinsa na farko a ranar 18 ga Yunin shekarar 2018 a Jamus. Ya doke Przemyslaw Binienda na Poland ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Michael Eifert |url=https://champinon.info/boxing/michael-eifert/#google_vignette |date=27 Feb 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;Eifert ya sha wahala a farkon aikinsa lokacin da ya rasa dan uwansa na Jamus Tom Dzemski . Koyaya, Eifert daga baya ya rama wannan asarar don kama taken IBF Youth Light Heavyweight.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=How to watch Jean Pascal vs Michael Eifert IBF light heavyweight world title eliminator|url=https://globalboxingnews.co.uk/blogs/how-to-watch-jean-pascal-vs-michael-eifert-ibf-light-heavyweight-world-title-eliminator|date=27 Feb 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Eifert da Pascal ===
Eifert ya sami babbar nasara a cikin aikinsa a kan tsohon mai kalubalantar WBA mai nauyi Jean Pascal . Duk da cewa Pascal ya wuce mafi kyawunsa, Eifert har yanzu yana da rauni. Eifert ya mamaye yakin a ko'ina, tare da Pascal yana kallon kowane bangare na mayaƙan mai shekaru arba'in da yake. Tare da nasarar, an inganta Eifert zuwa mai fafatawa na farko don taken IBF mai nauyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Results: Michael Eifert upsets Jean Pascal, wins clear decision in IBF eliminator|url=https://www.badlefthook.com/2023/3/16/23644030/results-michael-eifert-upsets-jean-pascal-wins-clear-decision-ibf-eliminator-boxing-news-2023#:~:text=Michael%20Eifert%20earned%20a%20clear%20decision%20win%20tonight%20over%20Jean,and%20should%20be%20called%20out.|date=27 Feb 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubucen harkokin dambe ==
{{Boxing record summary}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
!Sakamakon
!Rubuce-rubuce
!Abokin hamayya
!Irin wannan
!Zagaye, lokaci
!Ranar
!Wurin da yake
!Bayani
|-
|15|{{no2}}Loss
|13–2
| style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; |Dmitry Bivol
|UD
|12
|30 ga Mayu 2026
| style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; |&lt;small&gt;UMMC Arena, Yekaterinburg, Rasha&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|For [[World Boxing Association|WBA (Super)]], [[International Boxing Federation|IBF]] and [[The Ring Magazine|The Ring light heavyweight titles]]}}
|-
|14|{{yes2}}Win
|13–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Carlos Eduardo Jimenez
|RTD
|2 (6), {{Small|1:00}}
|24 ga watan Agusta 2024
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Wolfgang-Lakenmacher-Halle, Magdeburg, Germany}}
|
|-
|13|{{yes2}}Win
|12–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Jean Pascal
|UD
|12
|16 Maris 2023
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|[[Place Bell]], [[Laval, Quebec|Laval]], Canada}}
|
|-
|12|{{yes2}}Win
|11–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Adriano Sperandio
|UD
|10
|16 Yuli 2022
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Maritim Hotel, Magdeburg, Germany}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Won vacant IBF Inter-Continental light heavyweight title}}
|-
|11|{{yes2}}Win
|10–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Gyorgy Varju
|KO
|1 (6), {{Small|2:48}}
|22 Afrilu 2022
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Berg Tal Resort Lueneburger Heide, [[Bispingen]], Germany}}
|
|-
|10|{{yes2}}Win
|9–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Nils Schmidt
|KO
|3 (10), {{Small|1:53}}
|18 Disamba 2021
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Maritim Hotel, Magdeburg, Germany}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Won the vacant BDB German light heavyweight title}}
|-
|9|{{yes2}}Win
|8–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Tom Dzemski
|MD
|10
|17 Yuli 2021
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Seebühne Elbauenpark, Magdeburg, Germany}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Won IBF Youth and vacant [[World Boxing Council|WBC]] Youth light heavyweight titles.}}
|-
|8|{{yes2}}Win
|7–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Dustin Ammann
|UD
|8
|5 Yuni 2021
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Seebühne Elbauenpark, Magdeburg, Germany}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Won vacant [[World Boxing Organization|WBO]] Youth light heavyweight title}}
|-
|7|{{no2}}Loss
|6–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Tom Dzemski
|MD
|8
|22 ga watan Agusta 2020
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Seebühne Elbauenpark, Magdeburg, Germany}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|For vacant [[International Boxing Federation|IBF]] Youth light heavyweight title.}}
|-
|6|{{yes2}}Win
|6–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Beka Aduashvili
|UD
|6
|30 Nuwamba 2019
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Sportovni Hala Kladno, [[Kladno]], Czech Republic}}
|
|-
|5|{{yes2}}Win
|5–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Stanislav Eschner
|MD
|6
|11 ga Mayu 2019
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Stadthalle, [[Magdeburg]], Germany}}
|
|-
|4|{{yes2}}Win
|4–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Istvan Zeller
|UD
|6
|15 Disamba 2018
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|[[Tirana Olympic Park|Olympic Park “Feti Borova”]], [[Tirana]], Albania}}
|
|-
|3|{{yes2}}Win
|3–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Patrick Doering
|TKO
|2 (4), {{Small|2:00}}
|17 Nuwamba 2018
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Anhalt Arena, [[Dessau-Roßlau]], Germany}}
|
|-
|2|{{yes2}}Win
|2–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Ondrej Schwarz
|KO
|2 (4), {{Small|0:30}}
|27 ga Oktoba 2018
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Stadthalle, [[Weißenfels]], Germany}}
|
|-
|1|{{yes2}}Win
|1–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Przemyslaw Binienda
|UD
|4
|2 Yuni 2018
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|weeArena, [[Bad Tölz]], Germany}}
|
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==
BoxRec: Michael Eifert
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]]</text>
      <sha1>e1bespzg97en1ma6kxrrq6ohkd91lqg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893099</id>
      <parentid>893097</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:33:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
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      <text bytes="5977" sha1="7zgbc9go9tjt67f3stoh462moonozpv" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
Michael Eifert (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1997) ɗan wasan dambe ne na Jamus. Ya kuma yi gasa a cikin rukuni mai nauyi, inda ya kalubalanci gasar zakarun Unified mai nauyi a shekara ta 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Artur Beterbiev ordered to take on IBF mandatory challenger despite Dmitry Bivol's rematch plea|url=https://www..tntsports.co.uk/boxing/artur-beterbiev-dmitry-bivol-ibf-rematch-michael-eifert_sto20046201/story.shtml|date=27 February 2025}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan sana'a ==

=== Farkon aiki ===
Eifert ya kuma fara aikinsa na farko a ranar 18 ga Yunin shekarar 2018 a Jamus. Ya doke Przemyslaw Binienda na Poland ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Michael Eifert |url=https://champinon.info/boxing/michael-eifert/#google_vignette |date=27 Feb 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;Eifert ya sha wahala a farkon aikinsa lokacin da ya rasa dan uwansa na Jamus Tom Dzemski . Koyaya, Eifert daga baya ya rama wannan asarar don kama taken IBF Youth Light Heavyweight.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=How to watch Jean Pascal vs Michael Eifert IBF light heavyweight world title eliminator|url=https://globalboxingnews.co.uk/blogs/how-to-watch-jean-pascal-vs-michael-eifert-ibf-light-heavyweight-world-title-eliminator|date=27 Feb 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Eifert da Pascal ===
Eifert ya sami babbar nasara a cikin aikinsa a kan tsohon mai kalubalantar WBA mai nauyi Jean Pascal . Duk da cewa Pascal ya wuce mafi kyawunsa, Eifert har yanzu yana da rauni. Eifert ya mamaye yakin a ko'ina, tare da Pascal yana kallon kowane ɓangare na mayaƙan mai shekaru arba'in da yake. Tare da nasarar, an inganta Eifert zuwa mai fafatawa na farko don taken IBF mai nauyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Results: Michael Eifert upsets Jean Pascal, wins clear decision in IBF eliminator|url=https://www.badlefthook.com/2023/3/16/23644030/results-michael-eifert-upsets-jean-pascal-wins-clear-decision-ibf-eliminator-boxing-news-2023#:~:text=Michael%20Eifert%20earned%20a%20clear%20decision%20win%20tonight%20over%20Jean,and%20should%20be%20called%20out.|date=27 Feb 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubucen harkokin dambe ==
{{Boxing record summary}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
!Sakamakon
!Rubuce-rubuce
!Abokin hamayya
!Irin wannan
!Zagaye, lokaci
!Ranar
!Wurin da yake
!Bayani
|-
|15|{{no2}}Loss
|13–2
| style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; |Dmitry Bivol
|UD
|12
|30 ga Mayu 2026
| style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; |&lt;small&gt;UMMC Arena, Yekaterinburg, Rasha&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|For [[World Boxing Association|WBA (Super)]], [[International Boxing Federation|IBF]] and [[The Ring Magazine|The Ring light heavyweight titles]]}}
|-
|14|{{yes2}}Win
|13–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Carlos Eduardo Jimenez
|RTD
|2 (6), {{Small|1:00}}
|24 ga watan Agusta 2024
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Wolfgang-Lakenmacher-Halle, Magdeburg, Germany}}
|
|-
|13|{{yes2}}Win
|12–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Jean Pascal
|UD
|12
|16 Maris 2023
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|[[Place Bell]], [[Laval, Quebec|Laval]], Canada}}
|
|-
|12|{{yes2}}Win
|11–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Adriano Sperandio
|UD
|10
|16 Yuli 2022
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Maritim Hotel, Magdeburg, Germany}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Won vacant IBF Inter-Continental light heavyweight title}}
|-
|11|{{yes2}}Win
|10–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Gyorgy Varju
|KO
|1 (6), {{Small|2:48}}
|22 Afrilu 2022
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Berg Tal Resort Lueneburger Heide, [[Bispingen]], Germany}}
|
|-
|10|{{yes2}}Win
|9–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Nils Schmidt
|KO
|3 (10), {{Small|1:53}}
|18 Disamba 2021
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Maritim Hotel, Magdeburg, Germany}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Won the vacant BDB German light heavyweight title}}
|-
|9|{{yes2}}Win
|8–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Tom Dzemski
|MD
|10
|17 Yuli 2021
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Seebühne Elbauenpark, Magdeburg, Germany}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Won IBF Youth and vacant [[World Boxing Council|WBC]] Youth light heavyweight titles.}}
|-
|8|{{yes2}}Win
|7–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Dustin Ammann
|UD
|8
|5 Yuni 2021
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Seebühne Elbauenpark, Magdeburg, Germany}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Won vacant [[World Boxing Organization|WBO]] Youth light heavyweight title}}
|-
|7|{{no2}}Loss
|6–1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Tom Dzemski
|MD
|8
|22 ga watan Agusta 2020
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Seebühne Elbauenpark, Magdeburg, Germany}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|For vacant [[International Boxing Federation|IBF]] Youth light heavyweight title.}}
|-
|6|{{yes2}}Win
|6–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Beka Aduashvili
|UD
|6
|30 Nuwamba 2019
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Sportovni Hala Kladno, [[Kladno]], Czech Republic}}
|
|-
|5|{{yes2}}Win
|5–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Stanislav Eschner
|MD
|6
|11 ga Mayu 2019
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Stadthalle, [[Magdeburg]], Germany}}
|
|-
|4|{{yes2}}Win
|4–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Istvan Zeller
|UD
|6
|15 Disamba 2018
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|[[Tirana Olympic Park|Olympic Park “Feti Borova”]], [[Tirana]], Albania}}
|
|-
|3|{{yes2}}Win
|3–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Patrick Doering
|TKO
|2 (4), {{Small|2:00}}
|17 Nuwamba 2018
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Anhalt Arena, [[Dessau-Roßlau]], Germany}}
|
|-
|2|{{yes2}}Win
|2–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Ondrej Schwarz
|KO
|2 (4), {{Small|0:30}}
|27 ga Oktoba 2018
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|Stadthalle, [[Weißenfels]], Germany}}
|
|-
|1|{{yes2}}Win
|1–0
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Przemyslaw Binienda
|UD
|4
|2 Yuni 2018
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{Small|weeArena, [[Bad Tölz]], Germany}}
|
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==
BoxRec: Michael Eifert
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]]</text>
      <sha1>7zgbc9go9tjt67f3stoh462moonozpv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Kayongozi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154025</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893184</id>
      <parentid>844907</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:01:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9834</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixed typo</comment>
      <origin>893184</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2574" sha1="p284hxfhin24itz21c5d967hvb55va4" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kogin Kayongozi''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi, wani magudanar ruwa ta dama ta [[Kogin Rurubu]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Kayongozi yana kusa da kan iyaka da Tanzania a arewacin Lardin Cankuzo, sannan ya kwarara kudu maso yamma zuwa Lardin Ruyigi . Ya ci gaba da kudu maso yamma, sannan ya juya ya kwarara arewa maso yamma zuwa bakinsa a Kogin Ruvubu. {{Sfn|Way: Kayongozi (343213021)}} Madatsun ruwa sun haɗa da Nyamashishi da Rugasari. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kogin Kayongozi galibi yana cikin dajin savanna. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 111 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|19|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|22|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Afrilu, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,321|mm}}watan da ya fi damina shi  Disamba, inda matsakaicinsa yake da {{Convert|215|mm}} sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Dausayi ==
Yankin Kayongozi ya ƙunshi {{Convert|3410|ha}} na ƙasar dausayi, wanda daga ciki aka gina {{Convert|1979|ha}}, ko kuma kashi 58%, a shekarar 1998. {{Sfn|Schema directeur d’amenagement}}

== Wutar lantarki ta ruwa ==
An fara aikin ƙaramar tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Kayongozi da ke Ruyigi mai ƙarfin 500kW a shekarar 2013, wanda Hukumar Samar da Wutar Lantarki ta Karkara (ABER) za ta gudanar. {{Sfn|World Small Hydropower Development}} An ƙaddamar da tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Kayongozi da ke Ruyigi a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2014. {{Sfn|Politique, Économie, Société}} Wani rahoto na 2012 ya lissafa wasu wurare uku da za a iya amfani da su wajen samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa a kogin: KAYO 028, mai ƙarfin 2.5MW, KAYO 027 mai ƙarfin 2.5MW da KAYO 002 mai ƙarfin 1.8MW. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}}

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
A watan Yulin 2024, gadar katako da ke kan Kogin Kayongozi wadda ta haɗa ''tsaunukan'' Kavumu da Murehe na garin Cankuzo, Lardin Cankuzo, ta yi kaca-kaca da amfani. Kasuwanci ya lalace kuma yara sun daina zuwa makaranta. Gwamnan lardin ya san da matsalar, amma bai da kasafin kuɗin gina gadar zamani. A halin yanzu, ya ba da shawarar mazauna yankin su yi iya ƙoƙarinsu don gyara gadar ta amfani da itace. {{Sfn|Le pont de la rivière Kayongozi}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>p284hxfhin24itz21c5d967hvb55va4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Nyakijanda</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154067</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893259</id>
      <parentid>844972</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:16:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9834</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixed typo</comment>
      <origin>893259</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3360" sha1="mxzo8g01pwv8tpm6l18n9m7dnos1ymx" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kogin Nyakijanda''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi, wani magudanar ruwa ta hagu ta Kogin Nyabaha .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Nyakijanda yana samuwa a kudancin Lardin Ruyigi inda Kogin Gihehe da Kogin Gisuma ke ciyar da shi. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} Yana kwarara arewa ta kan iyakar Lardin Gitega da Lardin Ruyigi kuma ya haɗu da Kogin Sanzu, wanda ke kwarara daga gabas, don samar da Kogin Nyabaha . {{Sfn|Ruyigi DMA}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Nyakijanda wuri ne mai cike da filayen noma da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a sosai, tare da mazauna 111 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar na 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|19|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|22|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Afrilu, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,321|mm}}watan da ya fi damina shi  Disamba, inda matsakaicinsa yake da {{Convert|215|mm}} sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Noma ==
Dausayin Nyakijanda yana cikin Kwaminyar Itaba, kudu maso gabashin Lardin Gitega, tsakanin yankin Kirimo na halitta a yamma da yankin Buyogoma na halitta a gabas. Dausayin Nyakijanda ne kawai za a iya kula da shi don amfanin gona, noma shinkafa ko wasu amfanin gona. {{Sfn|Le projet de developpement communautaire}} Kusan dukkan magudanan ruwan yankin suna taruwa a kan dausayin Nyakijanda. {{Sfn|Province de Gitega, Commune Itaba, plan}}

== Wutar lantarki ta ruwa ==
Ruwan magudanar ruwa da ke kan Kogin Nyakijanda yana da ƙarfin wutar lantarki. {{Sfn|Province de Gitega, Commune Itaba, plan}} Ya zuwa shekarar 1984, an gabatar da wani kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin 250kW a Kogin Nyakijanda kimanin kilomita 3 daga Buhoro . {{Sfn|Energy Sector Management Assistance Program}} Wani rahoto na 2012 da Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Ma'adanai ta fitar ya gano ayyuka biyu da za a iya yi a kan Nyakijanda: NYKI 012 a 2.8MW da NYKI 002 a 1.7MW {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} Wani rahoto na 2022 ya gano wani wuri da zai iya zama wurin da za a yi amfani da shi a kan Nyakijanda a cikin ''tarin'' Nyamuyaga na Commune of Butaganzwa, Lardin Ruyigi. Faɗuwar ta kai {{Convert|23|m}} mai tsayi tare da kwararar {{Convert|2.7|m3/s}}, wanda ke ba da damar 487kW. {{Sfn|Rapport Annuel AREEN}}

Ruwan magudanar ruwa da ke kan Kogin Nyakijanda yana da ƙarfin wutar lantarki. {{Sfn|Province de Gitega, Commune Itaba, plan}} Ya zuwa shekarar 1984, an gabatar da wani kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin 250kW a Kogin Nyakijanda kimanin kilomita 3 daga Buhoro . {{Sfn|Energy Sector Management Assistance Program}} Wani rahoto na 2012 da Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Ma'adanai ta fitar ya gano ayyuka biyu da za a iya yi a kan Nyakijanda: NYKI 012 a 2.8MW da NYKI 002 a 1.7MW {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} Wani rahoto na 2022 ya gano wani wuri da zai iya zama wurin da za a yi amfani da shi a kan Nyakijanda a cikin ''tarin'' Nyamuyaga na Commune of Butaganzwa, Lardin Ruyigi. Faɗuwar ta kai {{Convert|23|m}} mai tsayi tare da kwararar {{Convert|2.7|m3/s}}, wanda ke ba da damar 487kW. {{Sfn|Rapport Annuel AREEN}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nfiss</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154234</id>
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        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
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'''Nfiss''' (Arabic, Faransanci, Oued N'Fis, wanda kuma ake kira Wād Nafīs a cikin tsofaffin wallafe-wallafen) yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman masu ba da gudummawa ga [[Kogin Tensift|Tensift]] a kudu maso yammacin Morocco . Tsawonta kusan kilomita 183.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sous&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Diagnostic Du Sous-Bassin de N'Fis |trans-title=Diagnosis of the N'Fis Sub-basin |url=http://conventiongire.lifemoz-dev.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/52/ftp/BVs/RapportsSousBVs/4%20Fiche%20sommaire%20FINAL%20draft%20Nfis_2016_06_08-AM-PB-cj.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226064337/http://conventiongire.lifemoz-dev.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/52/ftp/BVs/RapportsSousBVs/4%20Fiche%20sommaire%20FINAL%20draft%20Nfis_2016_06_08-AM-PB-cj.pdf |archive-date=February 26, 2022 |access-date=November 18, 2025 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Nfiss ya tashi a tsawo na kimanin {{Convert|2900|m|ft}} m (9,500  a gefen gabas na 3,350 m-high Jbel Tichka a cikin High Atlas. Da farko yana gudana zuwa gabas zuwa Tizi n'Tichka Pass kafin ya juya arewa kuma a ƙarshe ya kwarara cikin Tensift kusan kilomita 25 a yammacin [[Marrakesh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-04-26 |title=The High Atlas Travel Guide |url=https://www.roughguides.com/morocco/high-atlas/ |access-date=November 18, 2025 |website=Rough Guides}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimin ruwa ==
An kuma auna fitar da Nfiss a tashar I.E. Hammam (1966-1998) a cikin m3/s.&lt;ref name=&quot;jica&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Etude du Plan Directeur Sur le Systeme de Prevision et D'alerte Aux Crues pour la Region de L'atlas au Royaume du Maroc |trans-title=Master Plan Study on the Flood Forecasting and Warning System for the Atlas Region in the Kingdom of Morocco |url=https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11750874_04.PDF |access-date=November 18, 2025 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amfani da shi ==
Nfiss, tare da tafkunan ruwa guda biyu da sauran barga da yawa, da farko suna samar da ruwan sha da ban ruwa ga birnin Marrakesh da ƙauyuka da ke kewaye. Tare da sau da yawa a saman bankunan, yawan mutanen [[Abzinawa|Berber]] na cikin gida suna iyakance aikin gona; kiwon dabbobi (tumaki da awaki) yana taka muhimmiyar rawa.&lt;ref&gt; {{Cite web |date=2024-03-10 |title=Lake Lalla Takerkoust: A Jewel at the Gates of Marrakech |url=https://immersi-travel.com/en/lake-lalla-takerkoust/ |access-date=November 18, 2025 |website=ImmersiTravel}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Dams ==

* Dam din Lalla Takerkoust (kimanin kilomita 40 a kudancin Marrakesh) 
* Yacoub El Mansour Dam (kimanin kilomita 60 a kudancin Marrakesh kusa da Ouirgane) 

== Tarihi ==
A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, ƙabilar Berber Goundafa ce ke sarrafa kwarin Nfiss, waɗanda suka gina ɗakunan ajiya da yawa (kasbahs), gami da Agadir n'Gouf kusa da Ijoukak. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-10-20 |title=Morocco's Tin Mal Mosque and the Gandoufa Valley |url=https://moroccotravelblog.com/2012/10/20/moroccos-tin-mal-mosque-and-the-gandoufa-valley-your-morocco-tour-guide/ |access-date=November 18, 2025 |website=Morocco Travel Blog |archive-date=2021-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031133720/https://moroccotravelblog.com/2012/10/20/moroccos-tin-mal-mosque-and-the-gandoufa-valley-your-morocco-tour-guide/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gidaje a kan kogi ==

* Tinmal
* Ijoukak
* Ouirgane
* Lalla Takerkoust &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-01-04 |title=Ourigane Morocco's Untouched Berber Villages &amp; Jewish Past |url=https://moroccotravelblog.com/2020/01/03/ourigane-moroccos-untouched-berber-villages-jewish-past/ |access-date=November 18, 2025 |website=Morocco Travel Blog |archive-date=2025-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251201052538/https://moroccotravelblog.com/2020/01/03/ourigane-moroccos-untouched-berber-villages-jewish-past/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abubuwan da ke da sha'awa ==

* Yankin dutse na saman Nfiss yana ba da abubuwan jan hankali da yawa. Daga Ijoukak, tafiye-tafiye na rana ko tafiye-tallace na kwana da yawa suna yiwuwa; Agadir n'Gouf yana tsaye a kan tudu sama da ƙauyen.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Ƙananan ƙauyen dutsen Berber na Tinmal, kimanin kilomita 6 zuwa kudu maso yamma, gida ne ga Masallaci Almohad wanda ke buɗewa ga baƙi marasa Musulmi. Ana iya isa ta da ƙafa (kimanin kilomita 1) daga hanyar R203 ta hanyar gada da ta lalace akai-akai ko gada. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Maroko]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ruwan Kwarin Al-Hamiz</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154340</id>
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      <parentid>845650</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:20:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9834</id>
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      <comment>Fixed typo</comment>
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'''Kwarin Al-Hamiz''' wani kogi ne mai ban sha'awa a Lardin Algiers, wanda ya kai kilomita 54 zuwa gabashin [[Aljir|Algiers]] . Bakinsa yana tsakanin kananan hukumomin Bordj El Kiffan da Bordj El Bahri . Kogin ya samo asali ne daga tsaunukan [[Tell Atlas]] da Titteri kusa da gundumar Deux Bassins a Lardin Médéa . Yana ratsa lardunan Bouira, Blida, Boumerdès, da Algiers kafin ya zube a [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] . 

== Babban tushe ==
Kwarin Al-Hamiz ya samo asali ne daga arewacin gundumar Deux Bassins, wacce ke lardin Médéa . Tushensa yana da nisan layi kai tsaye na kilomita 33.68 (mil 20.93) daga bakinsa a bakin [[Bahar Rum|tekun Bahar Rum]] a cikin Lardin Algiers . Tushen kogin yana cikin tsaunukan [[Tell Atlas]] da Titteri, waɗanda suka mamaye yankunan tsakiyar lardunan Médéa, Bouira, Blida, da Boumerdès . 

== Hanya ==
Kwarin Al-Hamiz yana ratsa larduna biyar na Aljeriya, yana ratsa yankuna daban-daban na ƙasa, ciki har da Titteri, Kabylia, Khachna, da kuma filin Mitidja . 

== Baki ==
Bakin kwarin Al-Hamiz yana tsakanin ƙananan hukumomin Bordj El Kiffan da Bordj El Bahri a lardin Algiers, kusa da unguwar Soumam.

Hanyar kogin ta zama iyaka ta halitta tsakanin waɗannan ƙananan hukumomi biyu, ta miƙe har zuwa mashigar ruwan [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] tare da gabar tekun Algiers . 

=== Wuri ===
Bakin kwarin Al-Hamiz yana tsakanin ƙananan hukumomin Bordj El Kiffan da Bordj El Bahri, ba da nisa da bakin Oued El Harrach da kuma bakin tekun Sablettes ba.

Wannan yanki yana gabashin bakin Oued El Harrach da kuma bakin teku na Sablettes, yana da matsayi mai mahimmanci kusa da layin dogo da ke haɗa El Harrach da Reghaïa.  Bakin kogin yana da kimanin kilomita 20 a gabas da [[Casbah na Algiers]], yana kallon [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] . Yana cikin yankunan Bordj El Kiffan da Bordj El Bahri.         &lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:Kharouba_fac.jpg|alt=Al-Maqaria train station| Tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Al-Maqaria
Fayil:Tamentfoust-vue-port.jpg|alt=Tamentfoust port| Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Tamentfoust
Fayil:روافد_وادي_الحراش.jpg|alt=Affluents de Oued El Harrach| Masu arziki daga Oued El Harrach
Fayil:Algeryel.JPG|alt=View of the Kasbah from Sablat Beach| Kallon Kasbah daga bakin tekun Sablat
Fayil:Daira_hussein_dey_05112014.png|alt=Location of Sablat Beach in Hussein Dey| Wurin da Sablat Beach yake a Hussein Dey
Fayil:Alger_Kasbah02.jpg|alt=View of Sablat Beach from Safir Mosque in Kasbah| Ra'ayin bakin tekun Sablat daga Masallacin Safir a Kasbah
Fayil:Sablette_Plage_Alger.JPG|alt=Sablat Beach Water| Ruwan Tekun Sablat
Fayil:Plage_des_Sablettes_à_Alger.JPG| Sablat Beach
&lt;/gallery&gt;
==Manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Mina (Indonesia)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154357</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893264</id>
      <parentid>861009</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:34:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
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'''Kogin Mina''' ( ''Noel Mina'' ) kogi ne na [[Timor]], a lardin Gabashin Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, kimanin shekara ta 2000.&amp;nbsp;kilomita gabas da babban birnin [[Jakarta]] .   A saman wannan kogin kuma ya shimfiɗa [[Noelmina Bridge|gadar Noelmina]] wadda ta haɗa Kupang da Kudancin Tsakiyar Timor .

== Ilimin Ruwa da Ruwa ==
Kogin Mina yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan koguna a Kupang  da Timor Tengah Selatan Regency .  Yankin kogin Mina ya ƙunshi magudanar ruwa ( ''Daerah Aliran Sungai'' /DAS) Noel Mina, Noel Termanu da Nungkurus; ɗaya daga cikin yankunan koguna biyu (banda Yankin Kogin Benanain ) a Yammacin Timor. 

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Kogin yana gudana a kudu maso yammacin [[Timor]] tare da yanayin savanna na wurare masu zafi (wanda aka sanya shi ''Aw'' a cikin rarrabuwar yanayi ta Köppen-Geiger). &lt;ref name=&quot;koppen&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Peel |first=M C |last2=Finlayson |first2=B L |last3=McMahon |first3=T A |date=&lt;!-- 01/30/2016--&gt; |year=2007 |title=Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification |url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html |journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |volume=11 &lt;!--sid = 1633-1644--&gt; |issue=5 |pages=1633–1644 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine 26&amp;nbsp;°C. Watan da ya fi zafi shine Nuwamba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake kusan 29&amp;nbsp;°C, kuma mafi sanyi shine Yuni, a 23 ga Yuni.&amp;nbsp;°C. &lt;ref name=&quot;nasa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 January 2016 |title=NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index |url=http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php |publisher=NASA |access-date=3 June 2026 |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407091601/https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine 1760&amp;nbsp;mm. Watan da ya fi danshi shine Janairu, tare da matsakaicin 305&amp;nbsp;mm ruwan sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Satumba, tare da 5&amp;nbsp;mm ruwan sama. &lt;ref name=&quot;nasarain&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 January 2016 |title=NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month – TRMM) |url=http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&amp;year=2014 |publisher=NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission |access-date=3 June 2026 |archive-date=19 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419091014/https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&amp;year=2014 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ruwan Kogin Reghaïa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9834</id>
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'''Kwarin Reghaïa''' yana ɗaya daga cikin koguna a lardin Algiers, wanda ya kai kilomita 17.13 zuwa gabashin babban birnin Aljeriya. Bakinsa yana tsakanin ƙananan hukumomin Reghaïa da H'raoua . Yana ɗaya daga cikin koguna mafi tsayi kuma mafi yawan ruwa a yankin Algiers. Kogin ya samo asali ne daga [[Tell Atlas]] da tsaunukan Khachna, kusa da gundumar Kedara a lardin Boumerdes, yana ratsawa ta Algiers kafin ya malala zuwa [[tafkin Reghaïa]] kusa da dajin Réghaïa, sannan daga ƙarshe ya malala zuwa [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] . 

== Bayani ==
[[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|Maɓuɓɓugar]] [[Ƙorama|kwarin]] Reghaïa tana nan a kwarin Ben Ammar a cikin gundumar Bouzegza Keddara, a cikin tsaunukan Khachna, a tsayin mita 500 sama da matakin teku. Kogin wani ɓangare ne na yankin Bahar Rum . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Plan Cotier de Reghaia |trans-title=Reghaia Coastal Plan |url=http://195.97.36.231/dbases/MAPlibraryHoldings/Medpartnership/FINAL%20REPORTS/Sub-Comp%201.2%20ICZM/1.2.2%20Demonstrations/Reghaia/Thematic%20reports%20_%20phase%201/Pollution%20hydrique_Chenit.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507223247/http://195.97.36.231/dbases/MAPlibraryHoldings/Medpartnership/FINAL%20REPORTS/Sub-Comp%201.2%20ICZM/1.2.2%20Demonstrations/Reghaia/Thematic%20reports%20_%20phase%201/Pollution%20hydrique_Chenit.pdf |archive-date=2016-05-07 |access-date=2026-01-26 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyar Oued Reghaïa tana gangarowa zuwa [[Tafkin Reghaïa|tafkin Réghaïa]] a zahiri, inda ta bazu a cikin gundumar Reghaïa, tana samar da magudanan ruwa guda uku:

# Kwarin Al-Abyar
# Kwarin Qasabya
# Kwarin Gaqen

[[Ƙorama|Kwarin]] Reghaïa yana aiki a matsayin iyaka ta halitta tsakanin ƙananan hukumomin Reghaïa da H'raoua, yana samar da hanyar fita ta cikin [[Ruwan ruwa|kwarin magudanar ruwa]] wanda ya mamaye yanki na kusan murabba'in kilomita 75 zuwa 88 kuma yana da kewaye na kusan kilomita 42. 

== Ilimin ƙasa ==
Wurin [[Ƙorama|kwarin]] Reghaïa yana kan iyakar gabashin ƙasa ta Mitidja syncline, wani yanki da aka samar sakamakon fitowar tsaunukan da suka samo asali daga motsin tectonic wanda ya kawo duwatsun aman wuta da duwatsu masu santsi daga [[Tell Atlas]], suna bazuwa a duk faɗin filin Mitidja .

Yankunan bakin teku da ke gefen [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] suna da jerin saman da aka ɗaga ta hanyar janye ruwan teku, wanda ya bar halittu masu hade da juna.

Gaɓar arewacin [[Ƙorama|kwarin]] Reghaïa tana nuna yanayi mai tsauri . A zamanin Pliocene, zaizayar ƙasa ta faru a gefen kogi, wanda ya haifar da samuwar duwatsu masu launin shuɗi a lokacin matakin piacenzian . 

Lakabin da ke cikin kwarin Reghaïa ya ƙunshi [[yashi]] mai launin toka, tsakuwa, da tsakuwa, mai kauri na mita da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Bilan diagnostic de la Réserve naturelle de Réghaia en algérie |trans-title=Diagnostic assessment of the Réghaia Nature Reserve in Algeria |url=http://www.rac-spa.org/sites/default/files/doc_medmpanet/final_docs_algeria/12_bilan_diagnostic_rn_de_reghaia_algerie.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222234734/http://www.rac-spa.org/sites/default/files/doc_medmpanet/final_docs_algeria/12_bilan_diagnostic_rn_de_reghaia_algerie.pdf |archive-date=2018-12-22 |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=MedMPAnet |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban tushe ==
Kogin Mina yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan koguna a Kupang  da Timor Tengah Selatan Regency .  Yankin kogin Mina ya ƙunshi magudanar ruwa ( ''Daerah Aliran Sungai'' /DAS) Noel Mina, Noel Termanu da Nungkurus; ɗaya daga cikin yankunan koguna biyu (banda Yankin Kogin Benanain ) a Yammacin Timor.

==Manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ruwan Kogin Soummam</title>
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        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9834</id>
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'''''Kogin Soummam''' kogi ne a arewacin Aljeriya, wanda aka haifa daga mahaɗar [[Kogin Sahel]] da Kogin Bou Sellam kusa da Akbou kuma yana kwarara zuwa Bahar Rum a [[Béjaïa]] .

== Bayani ==
Ruwan da ke isa teku a wannan wuri sun samo asali ne daga tsaunukan [[Ain Oulmane]], kudu da Sétif, [[Mount Dirah|Dutsen Dirah]], kudu da [[Bouïra,]] da kuma yammacin Djurdjura . A zahiri, yanayin ƙasa na yankin ya sanya maɓuɓɓugan kudu na Soummam a iyakar yankin da ke da bushewa wanda ke da tashe-tashen hankula da ke da alaƙa da yanayin nahiyar, yayin da maɓuɓɓugan da suka fi kusa suna cikin yankunan da ke da yanayi mai laushi da zafi. Soummam ya ƙunshi cibiyar sadarwa mai yawa da wadataccen ruwa, musamman a ɓangarensa da ke cikin Tellian Atlas: Djurdjura, Babors da Bibans. Ruwansa ya mamaye yanki na 9,200.&amp;nbsp;kilomita &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ya bazu a kan wilayas huɗu: Bouïra, Bordj Bou Arréridj, Sétif da Béjaïa. Tare da Cheliff, Tafna da Rhummel, Soummam yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan koguna na Algeria.

Oued Soummam yana magudanar ruwa mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 9,200&amp;nbsp;km &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; an raba kamar haka:

* Basin na Kogin Oued [[Kogin Sahel|Sahel]] daga Sour El-Ghozlane (wilaya na Bouïra) zuwa Akbou : 3,750&amp;nbsp;km &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ;
* Basin Kogin Oued [[Kogin Bou Sellam|Bou Sellam]] daga arewacin Sétif zuwa Akbou: 4,500&amp;nbsp;km &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ;
* Tafkin Soummam, a takaice dai, daga Akbou zuwa teku ne kawai: 950&amp;nbsp;km &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; .

== Kwarin kogi ==
An sanya wa kwarin Soummam suna ne bayan kogin da ya ratsa ta. Yana cikin Kabylia, wani yanki na arewacin Aljeriya, yana mamaye wani babban layi a cikin wilaya na Béjaïa. Layin dogo na Béni Mansour-Bejaïa layin dogo ne na yanki wanda ke bin wannan kwarin kogin sosai kuma yana haɗuwa da hanyar sadarwa ta ƙasa a cikin gundumar Boudjellil .

Tsakanin Akfadou-Gouraya da ke arewa, sarkar Biban (yankin tarihi na Ait Abbas) a kudu maso gabas da kwarin Sahel-Djurdjura (kwamin Tazmalt) a kudu maso yamma. Kwarin Soummam, wanda ya tashi daga Akbou zuwa Béjaia, ya bayyana a matsayin wata hanya mai kunkuntar hanya 65&amp;nbsp;tsawon kilomita (cikin wilaya ta Béjaïa) sama da matsakaicin faɗin 4&amp;nbsp;kilomita a El Kseur.

Gadar musamman da ke kudu, gangara ce mai sauƙi don haka ta bunƙasa sosai. An raba wannan yanki zuwa ƙananan sassan ilimin dabbobi: kwari suna mamaye Akbou, dutsen yashi yana mamaye El Kseur.

Gundumomin Amizour, El Kseur, Ouzellaguen da Timezrit suna da manyan wurare da suka dace da amfanin gona masu kyau kamar lambun kasuwa da noman 'ya'yan itace.

== Ilimin Ruwa da Ruwa ==
Ana zubar da kwarin Soummam ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa mai yawa ta ruwa, wadda ta ƙunshi koguna masu ɗorewa da kuma waɗanda ba su da yawa, waɗanda Oued Soummam ke wakiltar babban mai tattarawa. Dangane da bayanan ruwa da aka tattara tsakanin 1961 da 1976, matsakaicin kwararar ruwan Soummam shine 25 m &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; / s. A lokacin ambaliyar ruwan 1970, matsakaicin kwararar da aka rubuta shine 115.9 m &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; / s kuma ƙarancin kwararar ruwa (a cikin watannin Yuli da Agusta) ya ragu zuwa 0.6 m &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; / s. Hakika, waɗannan kwararar ruwa suna nuna manyan kurakurai tsakanin shekara-shekara, don haka yanayi.

A bakinta, Soummam tana da gudummawar ruwa mai girman mita 700,106 a &lt;sup&gt;kowace&lt;/sup&gt; shekara a Tekun Bahar Rum (Visiterv, 1987). Babban gudummawar ta fito ne daga magudanar ruwan gefen hagu, tare da matsakaicin jimillar mita 68.106 a &lt;sup&gt;kowace&lt;/sup&gt; shekara, kuma magudanar ruwan gefen dama tana fitar da matsakaicin mita 25 × 106 a &lt;sup&gt;kowace&lt;/sup&gt; shekara. Magudanar ruwan gefen hagu suna kan gangaren da ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara suka mamaye, wanda hakan ke ba su damar kwararar ruwa mai yawa fiye da gangaren da magudanar ruwan gefen dama suka fitar.

== Hydrology ==
Kwarin Soummam yana da ruwa mai yawa, wanda ya ƙunshi koguna masu yawa na dindindin da na lokaci-lokaci, wanda Oued Soummam ke wakiltar babban mai tarawa. Dangane da bayanan hydrological da aka tattara tsakanin 1961 da 1976, matsakaicin kwararar Soummam shine 25 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; / s. A lokacin ambaliyar 1970, matsakaicin rikodin ya kasance 115.9 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; / S kuma ƙananan kwararar (a cikin watanni na Yuli da Agusta) ya sauka zuwa 0.6 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; / es. Lalle ne, waɗannan kwararar suna nuna manyan rashin daidaito tsakanin shekara-shekara, sabili da haka na yanayi.

A bakinsa, Soummam yana da gudummawar 700,106 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; / shekara na ruwa wanda ya bambanta a cikin Bahar Rum (Visiterv, 1987). Babban shigarwa ya fito ne daga masu ba da gudummawa na bankin hagu, tare da matsakaicin jimlar 68.106 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; / shekara, kuma masu ba da izini na bankin dama suna fitar da matsakaitan 25 × 106 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; / shekaru. Yankunan gefen hagu suna kan gangaren da aka fi ruwa da ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ke ba su damar yin amfani da ruwa mai yawa fiye da gangaren da ke cikin kogin dama.
== Suna ==
Kalmar Soummam karkatacciyar kalma ce ta kabyle &quot;assemmam&quot;, wadda ke nufin &quot;acid&quot;. [[Pliny Babba|Pliny the Elder]] ya ambaci sunan Soummam a matsayin &quot;Nasava&quot; na Ptolemy .

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    <title>Kogin Muvumba</title>
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[[Kogi]] ne na '''Muvumba''' a arewa maso gabashin [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] da kudu maso yammacin [[Uganda]] . Yana cikin manyan kogunan kogin [[Nil|Nilu]] . Tsawonsa kilomita 170, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kogunan Ruwanda a girma da kuma muhimmancin tattalin arziki. Babban kogunan yana samar da ruwa ga gonakin shayi a tsaunukan arewacin Rwanda da kudu maso yammacin Uganda. Ƙananan kogunan yana samar da ruwa ga busassun yankunan [[Gundumar Nyagatare|Nyagatare]], yana sauƙaƙa ban ruwa ga gonakin shinkafa da sauran amfanin gona, tare da samar da ruwa ga shanu a wannan yanki don noman shanu.

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin ya samo asali ne daga Rukomo da ke gundumar Gicumbi kusa da garin [[Byumba]] a tsaunuka masu tsayi na arewacin Rwanda. A wurin, ana kiransa Kogin Mulindi . Wannan rafin yana da matukar muhimmanci ga tattalin arziki domin kwarinsa da kwarurukan magudanar ruwansa suna da albarka kuma suna dauke da manyan gonakin shayi. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antun shayi a Rwanda, Masana'antar Mulindi tana kan wannan kogin. Mulindi yana kwarara arewa na tsawon kilomita 28 sannan ya shiga Uganda.

Bayan shiga Uganda, kogin ya canza sunansa daga Kogin Mulindi zuwa kogin Rwabakazi . Rwabakazi ya ci gaba zuwa arewa, sa'an nan da isa birnin Kabale, kogin ya canza hanya da kuma gudana a gaba ɗaya kudu maso gabas zuwa Rwanda. Wannan sashe na kogin Muvumba a Uganda (Rwabakazi River) yana da tsawon kilomita 55. Kogin ya sake shiga Rwanda a gundumar Nyagatare kuma ya dauki sunan kogin Muvumba. Daga nan sai ta bi ta arewa maso gabas mai nisan kilomita 87 kuma ta fantsama cikin [[Kogin Kagera|kogin Akagera]] da ke Kagitumba, madaidaicin maki uku tsakanin Rwanda, Uganda da Tanzania. A tsawon kilomita 30 na karshe na tafiyarsa, kogin ya yi iyaka tsakanin Rwanda da Uganda.

== Tattalin Arziki ==
Kwarin Kogin Muvumba yana da gonaki masu yawa. Babban kogin da ke tsaunukan Lardin Arewa a Rwanda da kuma gundumar Kabale a Uganda yana da ƙananan kwaruruka waɗanda galibi ake amfani da su azaman gonakin shayi. Kogin yana samar da ruwa ga magudanan ruwa marasa adadi waɗanda ke ba da ruwa ga gonakin. Sakamakon haka, an rufe kogin a wurare da yawa don daidaita matakan ruwa da kuma tabbatar da samuwar ruwa ko da a lokacin rani. A yankunan da babu gonakin shayi, ana amfani da kwarin don noman rayuwa. Bayan sake shiga Rwanda, kogin yana gudana a yankunan tuddai masu laushi da kuma ƙasan tsayi. Duk hanyar kwarin kogin Muvumba tana fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa saboda ruwan sama mai yawa da ke sauka a tsaunukan da ke sama. An san waɗannan suna kawo ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa har ma a ƙananan sassan kogin waɗanda yawanci ba sa samun ruwan sama sosai. Waɗannan ambaliyar ruwa sau da yawa na iya gurgunta ƙananan kogin, suna rufe hanyoyi da gadoji yayin da kuma ke haifar da mummunar illa ga amfanin gona.

== Fauna da Flora ==
Bayan noma mai yawa, ƙananan wuraren da ke ƙarƙashin kogin suna da babban dajin gallery. Wannan ƙaramin dajin na iya zama mai kauri kuma kusan ba za a iya shiga ba, kuma yana ɗauke da nau'ikan bishiyoyin savanna da yawa. Ana samun nau'ikan tsuntsaye da yawa a wannan yanki, waɗanda suka fi yawa sune herons da egrets. Ana iya samun ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ana iya samun manyan dabbobin ruwa kamar hippopotamuses da kada na Nil a yankunan da ke kusa da haɗuwa da babban Kogin Akagera. An san waɗannan dabbobin suna tafiya sama da kogin, musamman a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa wanda ke haifar da asarar rayuka ga mutanen da ba a sani ba waɗanda ba su saba da waɗannan dabbobin ba kasancewar suna da nisa sosai.

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'''Kogin Mayanja''' [[kogi]] ne a [[Uganda]], [[Gabashin Afirka]] .

== Wuri ==
Kogin Mayanja yana tsakiyar Uganda . Yana farawa ne daga tsaunuka, arewa maso gabashin garin Wakiso, a gundumar Wakiso, ta Tsakiyar Uganda kuma yana gudana ta hanyar arewa maso yamma don shiga cikin kogin Kafu, gundumar Nakaseke da ke kan iyakarta da gundumar Masindi da gundumar Kyankwanzi .

Tushen Kogin Mayanja yana cikin Wakiso, tare da daidaitawa: Latitude:0.41000, 32.52000. Kogin Mayanja ya shiga Kogin Kafu kusa da ƙauyen '''Ndede''', a gundumar Nakaseke, tare da daidaitawa: Latitude:1.3575; Longitude:31.8200.

== Kwas ɗin ==
AA kan hanyarsa ta arewa maso yamma, kogin yana ratsawa ko kuma ya samar da iyakokin waɗannan gundumomi : gundumar Wakiso, gundumar Mpigi, gundumar Kiboga, gundumar Kyankwanzi da gundumar Nakaseke . A tushensa, tsayin yana kusan {{Convert|1140|m|ft}} . A daidai inda yake shiga Kogin Kafu, tsayin yana da kimanin {{Convert|1000|m|ft}} . Tsawon Kogin Mayanja, kimanin {{Convert|150|km|mi}} daga tushe zuwa ƙarshe.

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'''Kogin Kafu''' [[kogi]] ne a [[Uganda]], a [[Gabashin Afirka]] . A wasu tsoffin taswirori, ana yi wa kogin lakabi da Kogin Kabi.

== Wuri ==
Kogin Kafu yana yammacin [[Uganda]] . Yana farawa daga wani dausayi mai tsawon kimanin {{Convert|12|km|mi}}, arewa maso gabashin ƙauyen '''Kitoma''', a gundumar Kibaale, Yammacin Uganda . Da farko yana kwarara zuwa gabas, sannan ya juya arewa, don ya kwarara zuwa cikin [[White Nile|kogin Victoria]], kimanin {{Convert|8|km|mi}}, a gefen garin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Masindi, a gundumar Masindi, kuma a Yammacin Uganda.

Tushen Kogin Kafu yana kusa da Kitoma, tare da daidaitawa: Latitude:1.1500; Longitude:31.0820.  Kogin Kafu yana shiga [[White Nile|kogin Victoria]] kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Masindi, tare da daidaitawa: Latitude:1.6475; Longitude:32.0945.  A kan hanyarsa ta gabas, arewa maso gabas da arewa, kogin yana ratsawa ko kuma ya samar da iyakokin gundumomi masu zuwa : Gundumar Kibaale, gundumar Hoima, gundumar Kyankwanzi, gundumar Nakaseke, gundumar Nakasongola da gundumar Masindi .

== Bayani ==
Wannan dausayin, wanda kogin Kafu ya fito daga ciki, wani tsarin kogi ne mai suna Kogin Nkusi . Duk da haka, kogin Nkusi ya taso a wani wuri kuma ya ratsa ta cikin dausayin kuma ya kwarara zuwa yamma don ya shiga [[Tafkin Albert (Africa)|Tafkin Albert]], tare da iyakar ƙasa da ƙasa tsakanin [[Uganda]] da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo]] . A tushensa, Kogin Kafu yana da tsayin kusan {{Convert|1100|m|ft}} . A daidai lokacin da yake shiga [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]], tsayin yana da kimanin {{Convert|1040|m|ft}} .

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    <title>Taimako na farko na lafiyar kwakwalwa</title>
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'''Taimako na farko na lafiyar kwakwalwa''' shine fadada manufar taimakon farko na gargajiya don rufe yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Taimako na farko na lafiyar kwakwalwa shine taimakon farko da nan da nan da aka ba wa duk wanda ke fuskantar ko ci gaban yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, kamar baƙin ciki ko rikice-rikice na damuwa, ko fuskantar yanayin rikicin lafiyar kwakwalwa kamar Tunanin kashe kansa ko fashewar tsoro.
[[Fayil:Mental_Health_First_Aid_Training_at_Chabad_at_Texas_A&amp;M_University_in_October_of_2019.jpg|thumb|380x380px|Horar da taimakon taimakon farko na lafiyar kwakwalwa a Chabad a Jami'ar Texas A&amp;M]]

== Horar da taimakon gaggawa na lafiyar kwakwalwa ==
Horar da taimakon taimakon farko na lafiyar kwakwalwa yana koya wa jama'a yadda za a taimaka wa mutumin da ke fuskantar matakai daban-daban na matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kitchener BA, Jorm AF |date=October 2002 |title=Mental health first aid training for the public: evaluation of effects on knowledge, attitudes and helping behavior |journal=BMC Psychiatry |volume=2 |pages=10 |doi=10.1186/1471-244x-2-10 |pmc=130043 |pmid=12359045 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamar horo na taimakon gaggawa na gargajiya, horo na taimakon taimakon gaggawa ya koya wa mutane su kula da ko gano lafiyar hankali ko yanayin amfani da kwayoyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Maimakon haka, horo yana koya wa mutane yadda za su ba da tallafi na farko har sai an sami taimakon kwararru da ya dace ko har sai rikicin ya warware.

=== Tarihi ===
Shirin horo na farko na kiwon lafiya na hankali an kirkireshi ne a Ostiraliya a cikin 2001 ta ƙungiyar bincike da Betty Kitchener da Anthony Jorm suka jagoranta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Program History |url=https://mentalhealthcommission.ca/training/mhfa/program-history/ |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=Mental Health Commission of Canada |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kirkiro shirin ne don koya wa membobin jama'a yadda za su samar da tallafi na farko ga mutanen da ke fama da matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa, da kuma haɗa su da taimakon kwararru da ya dace da albarkatun al'umma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Why Mental Health First Aid? {{!}} Mental Health First Aid |url=https://mhfa.com.au/why-mental-health-first-aid |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=mhfa.com.au |language=en |archive-date=2023-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126012510/https://mhfa.com.au/why-mental-health-first-aid |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun gwada ra'ayin cewa ba da taimakon farko don lafiyar kwakwalwa na iya rage tasirin matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa, hanzarta farfadowa, da kuma kashe kansa da ba zai yiwu ba ta hanyar ilimantar da dalibai kan matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwar kwakwalwa na yau da kullun  gami da jin daɗin kashe kansa, cutar kai da gangan, hare-haren tsoro, ko alamun psychosis, da kuma yadda za a magance waɗannan yanayi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Department of Health &amp; Human Services |title=Mental health first aid |url=http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/servicesandsupport/mental-health-first-aid-course |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au |language=en |archive-date=2023-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119180330/https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/servicesandsupport/mental-health-first-aid-course |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar ita ce ta rage zargi da ke tattare da rashin lafiya na kwakwalwa kuma ta sa ya fi dacewa da cewa mutanen da ke da matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa za su nemi taimako, wanda zai rage haɗarin mutumin da ke zuwa lahani.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

Shirye-shiryen horar da taimakon taimakon farko na kiwon lafiya na kwakwalwa suna ba da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban a duniya, da yawa daga cikinsu ba riba ba ne. An aiwatar da su a kasashe kamar Amurka, Kanada, Ingila, Ireland, da sauran kasashen Turai, Asiya, da Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our Impact {{!}} Mental Health First Aid |url=https://mhfa.com.au/our-impact/our-global-impact |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=mhfa.com.au |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

MHFA Ingila an karbe ta sosai a cikin Ingila; Kimanin rabin mutane miliyan sun kasance ta hanyar shirin horar da taimakon taimakon taimakon lafiyar kwakwalwa, wanda ya yi daidai da kusan daya daga cikin manya 100.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=‘Record number’ of mental health first aiders… {{!}} CIPD HR-inform |url=https://www.hr-inform.co.uk/news-article/record-number-of-mental-health-first-aiders-being-trained |access-date=2026-01-06 |website=www.hr-inform.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2017, taimakon farko na kiwon lafiya na Ingila ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Gwamnatin Burtaniya don ƙirƙirar shirin fam miliyan 15 wanda ke da niyyar horar da mutane miliyan ɗaya a cikin ƙwarewar &quot;taimako na farko&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New £15 million programme to help train one million in mental health first aid |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-15-million-programme-to-help-train-mental-health-first-aiders |access-date=2026-01-06 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2023, an gabatar da dokar taimakon taimakon lafiyar kwakwalwa a majalisa. A cikin 2025, MHFA Ingila ta ƙaddamar da shawarwarin jama'a game da sabon wurin aiki na taimakon farko na Lafiya ta Zuciya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Grapevine |first=H. R. |title=MHFA England launches public consultation on new workplace Mental Health First Aid standards |url=https://www.hrgrapevine.com/content/article/2025-10-16-mhfa-england-launches-public-consultation-on-new-workplace-mental-health-first-aid-standards |access-date=2026-01-06 |website=www.hrgrapevine.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Karɓar jama'a ===
Labaran kafofin watsa labarai da bidiyo sun nuna cewa horar da taimakon taimakon farko na lafiyar kwakwalwa yana da masu goyon bayan siyasa da shahararrun mutane, kamar tsohon shugaban Amurka [[Barack Obama]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-02-12 |title=President Obama's Plan to Address Our Nation's Urgent Mental Health Needs |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/president-obamas-plan-to-_1_b_6662016 |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; tsohuwar uwargidan shugaban Amurka Michelle Obama,  da mawaƙa / 'yar wasan kwaikwayo [[Lady Gaga]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 June 2019 |title=Lady Gaga + students on Teen Mental Health First Aid! |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-nXw1I-F-38 |access-date=26 July 2023 |website=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'Yan siyasa a kasashe kamar Australia &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-01-25 |title=Mental health first aid law proposed in parliament |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-64404427 |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; da United Kingdom  sun gabatar da wasu takardun doka don tilasta horar da taimakon taimakon lafiyar kwakwalwa a makarantu da sauran kungiyoyi. Kodayake ana ɗaukar su da kyau a ƙasashe da yawa, ba a tilasta horo na taimakon taimakon lafiyar kwakwalwa ga ƙungiyoyi a ko'ina cikin duniya ba.

=== Tsarin karatu ===
Tsarin karatun horo na taimakon gaggawa na lafiyar kwakwalwa yawanci ya haɗa da batutuwa masu zuwa:

* Alamomin da ke da alaƙa da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa na yau da kullun kamar baƙin ciki, damuwa, schizophrenia, rikicewar bipolar, da rikicewar cin abinci, da kuma bayyani game da lafiyar kwakwalwa da cututtukan kwakwalwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;
* Alamun gargadi na yau da kullun na cututtukan kwakwalwa, kamar yanayi, halayyar, da canje-canje na fahimta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
* Bayani game da ba da shawara na gida da sabis na ilimin hauka, da kuma yadda za a taimaka wa wasu samun damar zuwa gare su.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;

Yin amfani da ilimin daga waɗancan batutuwa, ana horar da mahalarta a kan shirin mataki-mataki don samar da taimakon farko na lafiyar kwakwalwa, gami da yadda za a:&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |vauthors=Jorm AF, Kitchener BA, O'Kearney R, Dear KB |date=October 2004 |title=Mental health first aid training of the public in a rural area: a cluster randomized trial [ISRCTN53887541] |journal=BMC Psychiatry |volume=4 |pages=33 |doi=10.1186/1471-244X-4-33 |pmc=526774 |pmid=15500695 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Bincika haɗarin kashe kansa ko lahani
# Ku kusanci lafiya kuma yadda ya kamata
# Saurari ba tare da shari'a ba
# Bayar da tabbaci
# Karfafa taimakon kwararru da ya dace
# Tallafa taimakon kai
# Ƙarin dabarun tallafi

Dangane da shirin, akwai yiwuwar ƙarin kayan aiki waɗanda ke da niyya ga takamaiman jama'a, kamar yara da matasa, tsofaffi, ko tsofaffi.[1] ko yanayi kamar rikicewar amfani da kwayoyi da batutuwan da suka shafi shi.[1] Dukkanin waɗannan batutuwa an rufe su don haɓaka ilimin lafiyar kwakwalwa na mahalarta wanda ya ƙunshi ilimin, ƙwarewa, da amincewa da ake buƙata don ganewa da amsawa yadda ya kamata ga alamun rashin lafiya na hankali da rikice-rikice na amfani da kwayoyi.[1]

=== Bincike kan horar da taimakon gaggawa na lafiyar kwakwalwa ===
An gudanar da sake dubawa da yawa don nazarin bayanai game da tasirin horar da taimakon taimakon farko na lafiyar kwakwalwa akan ilimin mahalarta game da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa da kuma halayen taimako na gaba.

Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2014 ya kammala cewa horar da taimakon taimakon farko na lafiyar kwakwalwa yana kara ilimin mahalarta game da lafiyar kwakwalwa, yana rage ra'ayoyinsu mara kyau, kuma yana kara halayensu na tallafawa ga mutanen da ke fama da matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa.

Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2018 ya kammala cewa horar da taimakon taimakon farko na lafiyar kwakwalwa yana inganta ilimin mahalarta, wayar da kan jama'a, da imani game da nasarar jiyya ga cututtukan kwakwalwa. A biye-biyen, an sami ɗan ci gaba a cikin adadin taimakon da aka ba wa mutumin da ke da matsalar lafiyar kwakwalwa, amma yanayin canjin a cikin halayen da aka bayar ba a bayyane yake ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Binciken da aka gudanar a cikin 2020 ya nuna cewa horar da taimakon taimakon farko na lafiyar kwakwalwa yana da tasiri mai rikitarwa akan yadda masu horar da su ke amfani da ƙwarewar da suka koya, amma babu tasiri kan yadda ayyukansu suka kasance masu amfani ga lafiyar kwakwalwa na masu karɓa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |vauthors=Forthal S, Sadowska K, Pike KM, Balachander M, Jacobsson K, Hermosilla S |date=April 2022 |title=Mental Health First Aid: A Systematic Review of Trainee Behavior and Recipient Mental Health Outcomes |journal=Psychiatric Services |volume=73 |issue=4 |pages=439–446 |doi=10.1176/appi.ps.202100027 |pmc=8814050 |pmid=34346736}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani bita na tsari da aka gudanar a cikin 2020 ya mayar da hankali kan horar da taimakon taimakon taimakon taimakon matasa da matasa na lafiyar kwakwalwa kuma ya sami gagarumin ci gaba a fahimtar, ganewa, nuna rashin fahimta, taimakawa motsawa, da kuma taimakawa halayyar matasa da matasa masu halarta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ng SH, Tan NJ, Luo Y, Goh WS, Ho R, Ho CS |date=August 2021 |title=A Systematic Review of Youth and Teen Mental Health First Aid: Improving Adolescent Mental Health |journal=The Journal of Adolescent Health |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=199–210 |doi=10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.10.018 |pmid=33221189 |s2cid=227131505}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ci gaban da aka fi bayyana akai-akai shine a cikin ilimi da amincewa, yayin da mafi ƙarancin ci gaba da aka ruwaito akai-akai shi ne a cikin taimakawa halayyar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Ya zuwa 2024, an fitar da shirin taimakon farko na kiwon lafiyar kwakwalwa zuwa kasashe sama da 25 kuma an horar da mutane sama da miliyan 6 a duk duniya, tare da sama da miliyan 1 da aka horar a cikin Ostiraliya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mental Health First Aid Australia |url=https://www.mhfa.com.au/ |access-date=2024-04-06 |website=Mental Health First Aid Australia |language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ruwan Wadi El Rayan</title>
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'''Wadi El Rayan''' wani yanki ne na musamman a cikin Gwamnatin Faiyum, [[Misra|Misira]], a karkashin kulawar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Muhalli (EEAA).

An ambaci Wadi el Rayan a cikin kafofin Coptic a matsayin lakko (Coptic),  tafkin gishiri a yammacin Kalamoun inda 'ila mai ikirari yake so ya huta. 

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
[[Fayil:وادى_الريان_الفيوم.jpg|thumb|Ruwan ruwa tsakanin tabkuna na sama da na ƙasa a cikin Wadi el-Raiyan (Wadi el-Rayan), Misira]]
Kwarin Wadi El-Rayan yanki ne na  km2  sq , {{Convert|113|km2}} km2  sq  wanda shine mafi Ruwan ruwa na tabkuna na Wadi El Rayan. Tana kusa da {{Convert|65|km}} (40  kudu maso yammacin birnin [[Faiyum]] da kilomita {{Convert|80|km}} (50 mi) yammacin [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]]. An yi amfani da Wadi don tabkuna da mutum ya yi daga aikin gona wanda ya sanya ajiyar tafkuna biyu daban-daban na Wadi El Rayan. Ajiyar ta ƙunshi tafkin sama na {{Convert|50.90|km2}} km2  sq mi) da kuma tafkin ƙasa na {{Convert|62.00|km2}} km2  sq mi), tare da magudanan ruwa tsakanin su biyu. Daga cikin [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|maɓuɓɓugar ruwa]], akwai maɓuɓuɓɓugan sulfur guda uku a gefen kudancin tafkin, tare da manyan yashi masu motsi. Wadi El Rayan Waterfalls an dauke su mafi girma a [[Misra|Misira]].

A kudu da kudu maso gabashin maɓuɓɓugar akwai Gabal Manqueer Al Rayan, inda aka sami burbushin ruwa da ragowar archaeological. Gabal Madwera, kusa da ƙananan tafkin, an san shi da manyan tuddai.

== Ilimin halittu ==
A arewa maso yamma shine [[Wadi al Hitan|Wadi El Hitan]], mai kariya wanda ke dauke da burbushin whales &lt;ref name=&quot;Wadi El Hitan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=12 - Wadi El-Rayan Protected Area in Fayoum Governorate |url=http://www.eeaa.gov.eg/en-us/topics/nature/protectorates/protectoratesdescription.aspx |access-date=23 May 2018 |website=Ministry of Environment Environmental Affairs Protectorate |publisher=Ministry of Environment Egypt |archive-date=29 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829071334/http://www.eeaa.gov.eg/en-us/topics/nature/protectorates/protectoratesdescription.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ciki har da ''Tutcetus rayanensis'', mai suna bayan wannan yanki a cikin 2023. &lt;ref name=&quot;A23&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Antar |first=M.S. |last2=Glaohar |first2=A.S. |last3=El-Desouky |first3=H. |last4=Seiffert |first4=E.R. |last5=El-Sayed |first5=S. |last6=Claxton |first6=A.G. |last7=Sallam |first7=H.M. |year=2023 |title=A diminutive new basilosaurid whale reveals the trajectory of the cetacean life histories during the Eocene. |journal=Commun Biol |volume=6 |issue=707 |page=707 |doi=10.1038/s42003-023-04986-w |pmc=10415296 |pmid=37563270 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsire-tsire da dabbobi ==
Shuke-shuke suna iyakance ne ga yankunan da ke kusa da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da kuma gindin manyan dunes. An rufe shuke-shuke da nau'ikan shuke-huke 13 da wasu mutane na ''Calligonum comosum'' da Zygophyllum album.

Wadi El Rayan yana karɓar ɗayan ƙananan mutanen da suka rage a duniya na Gasel mai yawo mai ƙaho. Har yanzu ana samun dorcas gazelle a yankin a cikin ƙananan lambobi yayin da duka fennec fox da Rüppell's fox ba su da yawa. Akwai nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe 11, nau'ikan masu shayarwa 9, nau'ikan tsuntsaye masu zama 13 da nau'ikan ƙaura da tsuntsaye 26 masu yawo.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Tafkin Otjikoto</title>
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'''Tafkin Otjikoto''' shine mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikin tafkuna biyu na halitta na dindindin a [[Namibiya|Namibia]] . [[Sinkhole lake|Tafki ne mai ramin nutsewa]] wanda wani kogo mai karst ya ruguje ya ƙirƙira. &lt;ref name=&quot;Irish&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Irish |first=John |author-link= |year=1991 |title=Conservation aspects of karst waters in Namibia |url=http://content.ajarchive.org/cdm4/doc_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/10115498&amp;CISOPTR=516&amp;CISOBOX=0 |url-status=dead |journal=Madoqua |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=141–146 |doi= |issn= |id= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211021628/http://content.ajarchive.org/cdm4/doc_viewer.php?CISOROOT=%2F10115498&amp;CISOPTR=516&amp;CISOBOX=0 |archive-date=11 December 2013 |access-date=30 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana da {{Convert|20|km|mi}} arewa maso yamma da Tsumeb kuma mita 100 kacal daga babban titin B1 . An ayyana tafkin a matsayin abin tunawa na ƙasa a shekarar 1972. 

Diamita na tafkin shine {{Convert|102|m|ft}} ; zurfinsa ana kyautata zaton ya fi mita 91.44, a cewar na'urar daukar hoto. A cewar wata kungiyar bayanai kan yawon bude ido ta Namibia, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Otjikoto A Window Into The Past |url=http://www.namibia-1on1.com/lake-otjikoto.html |access-date=2012-06-06 |publisher=namibia-1on1.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;zurfin ya bambanta daga mita sittin da biyu a gefe zuwa mita dari a tsakiya - kuma a wasu wurare da ke fuskantar gefen - an yi rikodin zurfin mita dari&quot;, yayin da wani labari a cikin Allgemeine Zeitung  ya bayyana matsalar zurfin: &quot;tafkin ya ratsa cikin tsarin kogo na gefe wanda hakan ya sa ba zai yiwu a tantance ainihin zurfinsa ba, wanda aka kiyasta yana cikin hanyar shiga ( ''sic'' ) na mita 142.&quot;

[[Mutanen San|San]] sun san tafkin da sunan ''Gaisis'' (&quot;mummuna&quot;). Lokacin da Herero suka ƙaura zuwa yankin, sun sanya masa suna ''Otjikoto'' ( [[Harshen Herero|Otjiherero]] : &quot;rami mai zurfi&quot;). Yankin Oshikoto na Namibia, wanda tafkin yake, wani nau'in rubutun ''Otjikoto'' ne kuma ya samo sunansa daga na tafkin.  Turawan farko da suka ziyarci tafkin sune Francis Galton da Carl Johan Andersson, waɗanda a lokacin neman [[tafkin Ngami]] suka haɗu da Tafkin Otjikoto a 1851. &lt;ref name=&quot;tourbrief&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Otjikoto Lake &amp; Lake Guinas |url=http://www.tourbrief.com/cms/?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=937 |access-date=18 February 2011 |publisher=tourbrief.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tafkin ya kasance wurin zubar da kayan yaƙi ga ''Schutztruppe'' na Jamus a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]] ; a watan Yunin 1915 sojojin Jamus sun zubar da kayan yaƙi a cikin tafkin kafin su miƙa wuya don hana sojojin [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da [[Daular Biritaniya|na Birtaniya]] amfani da su. An gano yawancin manyan guntu kuma an nuna su a [[Tsumeb Museum|Gidan Tarihi na Tsumeb]], amma aƙalla bindigogi biyu, tare da adadin harsasai, har yanzu suna cikin tafkin  kuma ana iya ganin su da izinin nutsewa na musamman. A cewar tatsuniya, Jamusawan sun kuma jefa wani akwati da aka rufe a cikin tafkin. Bincikensa da alamun zinare miliyan 6 da aka ce yana ɗauke da shi har yanzu bai yi nasara ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;tourbrief&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About Monty |url=http://www.montyhalls.co.uk/about-monty#am-tv-section |access-date=2026-06-07 |archive-date=2025-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250804041725/https://www.montyhalls.co.uk/about-monty#am-tv-section |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masanin tsirrai Kurt Dinter ya ziyarci tafkin a shekarar 1911 kuma ya tattara nau'ikan tsirrai da dama da ba a san su ba, daga cikinsu akwai ciyawar halittar ''Rottboellia'' .  An gabatar da ''Tilapia guinasana'', wani nau'in kifin cichlid wanda aka samo shi ne kawai a tafkin 'yar'uwar Otjikoto, [[Tafkin Guinas]], a Tafkin Otjikoto.  Ana yawan yin iƙirarin cewa Tafkin Guinas yana da alaƙa da Tafkin Otjikoto ta hanyar kogo amma ba a tabbatar da shi ba tukuna. &lt;ref name=&quot;Irish&quot; /&gt;
[[Fayil:Otjikotosee.jpg|center|thumb|500x500px|Duk tafkin]]
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Ci gaba da shakatawa na tsoka ('''PMR''') hanya ce ta zurfin shakatawa na tsokoki wanda ba ya haɗa da kowane magani, ma'ana ba sa hannun jinya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ruano |first=Alejandra |last2=García-Torres |first2=Francisco |last3=Gálvez-Lara |first3=Mario |last4=Moriana |first4=Juan A. |date=2022-05-01 |title=Psychological and Non-Pharmacologic Treatments for Pain in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0885392421006801 |journal=Journal of Pain and Symptom Management |language=en |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=e505–e520 |doi=10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.12.021 |issn=0885-3924 |pmid=34952171 |s2cid=245475780 |url-access=subscription |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ra'ayin da ke bayan ci gaba da shakatawa na tsoka shine cewa akwai dangantaka tsakanin tunanin mutum da jiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=progressive muscle relaxation |url=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/progressive+muscle+relaxation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713204252/http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/progressive+muscle+relaxation |archive-date=2018-07-13 |access-date=2017-07-20 |website=TheFreeDictionary.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jiki yana amsawa ga mahallinsa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar wasu yanayi na tunani ko jiki kamar [[Anxiety|damuwa]], [[Matsalar tunani|damuwa]], da [[tsoro]]. Lokacin da jiki yake cikin waɗannan jihohin, tsokoki suna motsawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Stress effects on the body |url=https://www.apa.org/topics/stress/body#:~:text=When%20the%20body%20is%20stressed,tension%20when%20the%20stress%20passes |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=www.apa.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ci gaban shakatawa na tsoka yana da niyyar juyar da waɗannan jihohin jiki zuwa mafi tsaka-tsaki, jihohin shakatawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Toussaint |first=Loren |last2=Nguyen |first2=Quang Anh |last3=Roettger |first3=Claire |last4=Dixon |first4=Kiara |last5=Offenbächer |first5=Martin |last6=Kohls |first6=Niko |last7=Hirsch |first7=Jameson |last8=Sirois |first8=Fuschia |date=2021-07-03 |title=Effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Deep Breathing, and Guided Imagery in Promoting Psychological and Physiological States of Relaxation |journal=Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine |language=en |volume=2021 |doi=10.1155/2021/5924040 |issn=1741-427X |pmc=8272667 |pmid=34306146 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hanyar tsari ne na matakai biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=VA.gov {{!}} Veterans Affairs |url=https://www.va.gov/WHOLEHEALTHLIBRARY/tools/progressive-muscle-relaxation.asp |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=www.va.gov |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330183011/https://www.va.gov/WHOLEHEALTHLIBRARY/tools/progressive-muscle-relaxation.asp |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya haɗa da koyo don sauƙaƙa tashin hankali a cikin takamaiman ƙungiyoyin tsoka ta hanyar fara tashin hankali sannan kuma shakatawa ga kowane ƙungiyar tsoka. Lokacin da aka saki tashin hankali na tsoka, ana mai da hankali ga bambance-bambance da aka ji a lokacin tashin hankali da shakatawa don mai haƙuri ya koyi gane bambancin tsakanin jihohi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ibáñez-Tarín |first=C. |last2=Manzanera-Escartí |first2=R. |date=2012-09-01 |title=Técnicas cognitivo-conductuales de fácil aplicación en atención primaria (I) |url=https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-medicina-familia-semergen-40-articulo-tecnicas-cognitivo-conductuales-facil-aplicacion-atencion-S113835931200069X |journal=SEMERGEN: Medicina de Familia |language=es |volume=38 |issue=6 |pages=377–387 |doi=10.1016/j.semerg.2011.07.019 |issn=1138-3593 |pmid=22935834 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana amfani da ci gaba da shakatawa a hanyoyi da yawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Yana iya rinjayar yanayi kamar [[Damuwa (biology)|damuwa]], rashin barci, damuwa, baƙin ciki, da ciwo kuma yana iya samun sakamako mai fa'ida na dogon lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wang |first=Fang |last2=Eun-Kyoung |first2=Othelia |last3=Feng |first3=Fan |last4=Vitiello |first4=Michael V. |last5=Wang |first5=Weidong |last6=Benson |first6=Herbert |last7=Fricchione |first7=Gregory L. |last8=Denninger |first8=John W. |date=1 December 2016 |title=The effect of meditative movement on sleep quality: A systematic review |journal=Sleep Medicine Reviews |language=en |volume=30 |pages=43–52 |doi=10.1016/j.smrv.2015.12.001 |issn=1087-0792 |pmid=26802824}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hakanan yana da tasiri ga al'ummomi da yawa, gami da yara da manya. Mutane a yanayi daban-daban na iya koyon yin ci gaba da shakatawa. Yana da sauƙi a koyi kuma ana amfani dashi a asibiti da kuma wadanda ba asibiti ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Ci gaban shakatawa na tsoka ya fara ne daga likitan Amurka Edmund Jacobson . &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Ya fara gabatar da dabarar a Jami'ar Harvard a shekarar 1908.  Jacobson ya ci gaba da aiki a kan wannan batu a duk rayuwarsa kuma ya rubuta littattafai da yawa game da shi.

A cikin 1929, Jacobson ya buga littafin Progressive Relaxation, wanda ya haɗa da cikakken tsari don cire tashin hankali a cikin tsokoki. Relaxation akasin tashin hankali ne, don haka aikinsa ya haifar da amfani da kalmar &quot;relax&quot; don bayyana aikin zama ƙasa da tashin hankali, damuwa, ko damuwa. Jacobson ya yi imanin cewa hutawa da [[Rashin hankali (halayyar mutum)|shakatawa]] ra'ayoyi ne daban-daban. Ya bayyana cewa mutane na iya zama masu damuwa lokacin da suke hutawa, amma ba za su iya zama masu wahala ba lokacin da suka shakatawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Jacobson ya tsara ci gaba da shakatawa na tsoka don ya iya magance yawancin yanayin tunani da na jiki. A cikin littafinsa na 1934, Dole ne ku kwantar da hankali: Hanyar da ta dace ta rage matsalolin rayuwar zamani, Jacobson ya lura da yiwuwar aikace-aikacen dabararsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Ya yi iƙirarin cewa ci gaba da shakatawa na tsoka na iya zama da amfani ga rashin lafiya, cututtukan zuciya, rashin barci, da rashin abinci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Koyaya, ya yi imanin cewa ƙwararrun likitoci da masana ne kawai zasu iya koya wa wasu mutane dabarar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Hanyar farko ta ci gaba da sanyaya tsoka da Jacobson ya haɓaka tana buƙatar koyarwar mako-mako da aikin yau da kullun.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Lukas Sandell</title>
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'''Lukas Sandell''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1997) ɗan wasan ƙwallon hannu ne na ƙasar Sweden ga Rhein-Neckar Löwen da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Sweden . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Selby |first=Ola |date=16 January 2021 |title=Sandell: &quot;Här för att göra det jag är bra på&quot; |trans-title=Sandell: &quot;I'm here to do, what I do best |url=https://handbollskanalen.se/landslag-herrar/sandell-har-for-att-gora-det-jag-ar-bra-pa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209074748/https://handbollskanalen.se/landslag-herrar/sandell-har-for-att-gora-det-jag-ar-bra-pa/ |archive-date=9 February 2021 |access-date=30 January 2021 |language=SV |agency=handbollskanalen.se}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Sandell ya fara buga ƙwallon hannu a Eslövs HF. A shekarar 2013 ya koma Ystads IF HF . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=33 Lukas Sandell |url=https://www.handbollslandslaget.se/spelare/lukassandell/ |access-date=20 June 2021 |website=handbollslandslaget.se |publisher=[[Sweden national handball team]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar wasa a shekarar 2015, inda ya yi wasa da Kim Andersson a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na dama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Statistik 2014/15 |url=https://handballstats.se/stat_sve/statistics/statistics.aspx?y=2014 |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handballstats.se |language=sv |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705125201/https://handballstats.se/stat_sve/statistics/statistics.aspx?y=2014 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 2018 he transferred to Norwegian team Elverum Håndball.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uppgifter: Lukas Sandell flyttar till Elverum |trans-title=Lukas Sandell moves to Elverum |url=https://handbollskanalen.se/norge/uppgifter-lukas-sandell-har-skrivit-pa-elverum/ |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handbollskanalen.se |language=sv}}&lt;/ref&gt; Here he won the Norwegian championship in 2019 and 2020 and the Norwegian cup in 2019 and 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elverum zum zweiten Mal norwegischer Pokalsieger |trans-title=Elverum are Norwegian champions for the second time |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-110898.html |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handball-world.news |language=de |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203406/https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-110898.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elverum und Kristiansand gewinnen Pokalfinals in Norwegen |trans-title=Elverum and Kristiansand wins the cup finals in Norway |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-121149.html |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handball-world.news |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elverum gelingt erfolgreiche Titelverteidigung |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-115248.html |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handball-world.news |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elverum seriemester to runder før slutt |trans-title=Elverum are league champions with two rounds to go |url=https://www.handball.no/nyheter/2020/03/elverum-seriemester-to-runder-for-slutt/ |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handball.no |language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2020 ya shiga ƙungiyar Denmark ta Aalborg Håndbold . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vier Abgänge in die HBL: Der Kader von Aalborg Haandbold für die Saison 2020/21 |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-125653.html |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handball-world.news |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kakarsa ta farko a ƙungiyar, ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar zakarun Turai, inda Aalborg ta sha kashi a hannun FC Barcelona da ci 23-36. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Wundervoll&quot;: FC Barcelona zum zehnten Mal die Besten in Europa |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-132596.html |access-date=19 June 2021 |publisher=handball-world.news |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwanaki kaɗan bayan haka ya lashe wasan ƙarshe na gasar zakarun Denmark. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aalborg er dansk mester |trans-title=Aalborg are Danish Champions |url=https://sport.tv2.dk/haandbold/2021-06-16-aalborg-er-dansk-mester |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=sport.tv2.dk |publisher=[[TV2 Danmark]] |language=da}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2023 ya shiga ONE Veszprém . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zwei Olympiasieger, Europameister, EM-Zweiter: Telekom Veszprem präsentiert vier Neuzugänge für 2023 |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-143237.html |access-date=2022-06-23 |publisher=www.handball-world.news |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; A nan ya lashe Kofin Hungary da kuma Super Globe na Maza na IHF a shekarar 2024.

=== Tawagar ƙasa ===
Sandell ya fara buga wa tawagar ƙasar Sweden wasa a gasar cin kofin ƙwallon hannu ta maza ta duniya ta 2021 a wasan da suka yi da Macedonia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Matchguide: Sverige–Nordmakedonien |trans-title=Match Guide Sweden North Macedonia |url=https://www.handbollslandslaget.se/herr/matchguide-sverige-nordmakedonien-2/ |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handbollskanalen.se |language=sv}}&lt;/ref&gt; A nan ya lashe lambar azurfa tare da ƙungiyar Sweden. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Palicka och Solberg inför finalen |url=https://www.handbollslandslaget.se/herr/palicka-och-solberg-infor-finalen/ |access-date=19 June 2021 |publisher=handbollskanalen.se |language=sv}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 2022, ya lashe lambobin zinare tare da Sweden. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sweden 2022 |url=https://ehfeuro.eurohandball.com/men/2022/teams/details/u2UA_11fSK5vcURmh111Fw/sweden/ |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=eurohandball.com |publisher=[[European Handball Federation]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarorin ==

* '''Gasar Zakarun Turai ta EHF'''
** ''Na biyu: 2021''
* &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;b id=&quot;mwaA&quot;&gt;IHF Super Globe&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara: 2024''
** ''Lambobin yabo na tagulla: 2021''
* '''Gasar ƙwallon hannu ta Denmark'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2021
** ''Na biyu:'' 2022, 2023
* '''Kofin Kwallon Hannu na Denmark :'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2021
** ''Na biyu:'' 2020
* '''Kofin Super na Denmark'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2020, 2021, 2022
* '''Gasar Norway'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2019, 2020
* '''Kofin Norway'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2018, 2019
* '''Kofin Hungary'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2024

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]]</text>
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'''Lukas Sandell''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1997) ɗan wasan ƙwallon hannu ne na ƙasar Sweden ga Rhein-Neckar Löwen da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Sweden . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Selby |first=Ola |date=16 January 2021 |title=Sandell: &quot;Här för att göra det jag är bra på&quot; |trans-title=Sandell: &quot;I'm here to do, what I do best |url=https://handbollskanalen.se/landslag-herrar/sandell-har-for-att-gora-det-jag-ar-bra-pa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209074748/https://handbollskanalen.se/landslag-herrar/sandell-har-for-att-gora-det-jag-ar-bra-pa/ |archive-date=9 February 2021 |access-date=30 January 2021 |language=SV |agency=handbollskanalen.se}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Sandell ya fara buga ƙwallon hannu a Eslövs HF. A shekarar 2013 ya koma Ystads IF HF . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=33 Lukas Sandell |url=https://www.handbollslandslaget.se/spelare/lukassandell/ |access-date=20 June 2021 |website=handbollslandslaget.se |publisher=[[Sweden national handball team]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar wasa a shekarar 2015, inda ya yi wasa da Kim Andersson a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na dama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Statistik 2014/15 |url=https://handballstats.se/stat_sve/statistics/statistics.aspx?y=2014 |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handballstats.se |language=sv |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705125201/https://handballstats.se/stat_sve/statistics/statistics.aspx?y=2014 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 2018 he transferred to Norwegian team Elverum Håndball.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uppgifter: Lukas Sandell flyttar till Elverum |trans-title=Lukas Sandell moves to Elverum |url=https://handbollskanalen.se/norge/uppgifter-lukas-sandell-har-skrivit-pa-elverum/ |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handbollskanalen.se |language=sv}}&lt;/ref&gt; Here he won the Norwegian championship in 2019 and 2020 and the Norwegian cup in 2019 and 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elverum zum zweiten Mal norwegischer Pokalsieger |trans-title=Elverum are Norwegian champions for the second time |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-110898.html |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handball-world.news |language=de |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203406/https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-110898.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elverum und Kristiansand gewinnen Pokalfinals in Norwegen |trans-title=Elverum and Kristiansand wins the cup finals in Norway |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-121149.html |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handball-world.news |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elverum gelingt erfolgreiche Titelverteidigung |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-115248.html |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handball-world.news |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elverum seriemester to runder før slutt |trans-title=Elverum are league champions with two rounds to go |url=https://www.handball.no/nyheter/2020/03/elverum-seriemester-to-runder-for-slutt/ |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handball.no |language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2020 ya kuma shiga ƙungiyar Denmark ta Aalborg Håndbold . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vier Abgänge in die HBL: Der Kader von Aalborg Haandbold für die Saison 2020/21 |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-125653.html |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handball-world.news |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kakarsa ta farko a ƙungiyar, ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar zakarun Turai, inda Aalborg ta sha kashi a hannun FC Barcelona da ci 23-36. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Wundervoll&quot;: FC Barcelona zum zehnten Mal die Besten in Europa |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-132596.html |access-date=19 June 2021 |publisher=handball-world.news |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwanaki kaɗan bayan haka ya lashe wasan ƙarshe na gasar zakarun Denmark. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aalborg er dansk mester |trans-title=Aalborg are Danish Champions |url=https://sport.tv2.dk/haandbold/2021-06-16-aalborg-er-dansk-mester |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=sport.tv2.dk |publisher=[[TV2 Danmark]] |language=da}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2023 ya shiga ONE Veszprém . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zwei Olympiasieger, Europameister, EM-Zweiter: Telekom Veszprem präsentiert vier Neuzugänge für 2023 |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-143237.html |access-date=2022-06-23 |publisher=www.handball-world.news |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; A nan ya lashe Kofin Hungary da kuma Super Globe na Maza na IHF a shekarar 2024.

=== Tawagar ƙasa ===
Sandell ya fara buga wa tawagar ƙasar Sweden wasa a gasar cin kofin ƙwallon hannu ta maza ta duniya ta 2021 a wasan da suka yi da Macedonia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Matchguide: Sverige–Nordmakedonien |trans-title=Match Guide Sweden North Macedonia |url=https://www.handbollslandslaget.se/herr/matchguide-sverige-nordmakedonien-2/ |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handbollskanalen.se |language=sv}}&lt;/ref&gt; A nan ya lashe lambar azurfa tare da ƙungiyar Sweden. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Palicka och Solberg inför finalen |url=https://www.handbollslandslaget.se/herr/palicka-och-solberg-infor-finalen/ |access-date=19 June 2021 |publisher=handbollskanalen.se |language=sv}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 2022, ya lashe lambobin zinare tare da Sweden. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sweden 2022 |url=https://ehfeuro.eurohandball.com/men/2022/teams/details/u2UA_11fSK5vcURmh111Fw/sweden/ |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=eurohandball.com |publisher=[[European Handball Federation]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarorin ==

* '''Gasar Zakarun Turai ta EHF'''
** ''Na biyu: 2021''
* &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;b id=&quot;mwaA&quot;&gt;IHF Super Globe&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara: 2024''
** ''Lambobin yabo na tagulla: 2021''
* '''Gasar ƙwallon hannu ta Denmark'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2021
** ''Na biyu:'' 2022, 2023
* '''Kofin Kwallon Hannu na Denmark :'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2021
** ''Na biyu:'' 2020
* '''Kofin Super na Denmark'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2020, 2021, 2022
* '''Gasar Norway'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2019, 2020
* '''Kofin Norway'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2018, 2019
* '''Kofin Hungary'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2024

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]]</text>
      <sha1>oi6shrqjenp54lgezz2rspqqw7gmxus</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893488</id>
      <parentid>893487</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:09:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893488</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6369" sha1="9rjyaj3udjwpatfnz4mqmhkptuhdmqh" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Lukas Sandell''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1997) ɗan wasan ƙwallon hannu ne na ƙasar Sweden ga Rhein-Neckar Löwen da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Sweden . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Selby |first=Ola |date=16 January 2021 |title=Sandell: &quot;Här för att göra det jag är bra på&quot; |trans-title=Sandell: &quot;I'm here to do, what I do best |url=https://handbollskanalen.se/landslag-herrar/sandell-har-for-att-gora-det-jag-ar-bra-pa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209074748/https://handbollskanalen.se/landslag-herrar/sandell-har-for-att-gora-det-jag-ar-bra-pa/ |archive-date=9 February 2021 |access-date=30 January 2021 |language=SV |agency=handbollskanalen.se}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Sandell ya fara buga ƙwallon hannu a Eslövs HF. A shekarar 2013 ya koma Ystads IF HF . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=33 Lukas Sandell |url=https://www.handbollslandslaget.se/spelare/lukassandell/ |access-date=20 June 2021 |website=handbollslandslaget.se |publisher=[[Sweden national handball team]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar wasa a shekarar 2015, inda ya yi wasa da Kim Andersson a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na dama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Statistik 2014/15 |url=https://handballstats.se/stat_sve/statistics/statistics.aspx?y=2014 |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handballstats.se |language=sv |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705125201/https://handballstats.se/stat_sve/statistics/statistics.aspx?y=2014 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 2018 he transferred to Norwegian team Elverum Håndball.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uppgifter: Lukas Sandell flyttar till Elverum |trans-title=Lukas Sandell moves to Elverum |url=https://handbollskanalen.se/norge/uppgifter-lukas-sandell-har-skrivit-pa-elverum/ |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handbollskanalen.se |language=sv}}&lt;/ref&gt; Here he won the Norwegian championship in 2019 and 2020 and the Norwegian cup in 2019 and 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elverum zum zweiten Mal norwegischer Pokalsieger |trans-title=Elverum are Norwegian champions for the second time |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-110898.html |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handball-world.news |language=de |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203406/https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-110898.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elverum und Kristiansand gewinnen Pokalfinals in Norwegen |trans-title=Elverum and Kristiansand wins the cup finals in Norway |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-121149.html |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handball-world.news |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elverum gelingt erfolgreiche Titelverteidigung |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-115248.html |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handball-world.news |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elverum seriemester to runder før slutt |trans-title=Elverum are league champions with two rounds to go |url=https://www.handball.no/nyheter/2020/03/elverum-seriemester-to-runder-for-slutt/ |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handball.no |language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2020 ya kuma shiga ƙungiyar Denmark ta Aalborg Håndbold . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vier Abgänge in die HBL: Der Kader von Aalborg Haandbold für die Saison 2020/21 |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-125653.html |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handball-world.news |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kakarsa ta farko a ƙungiyar, ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar zakarun Turai, inda Aalborg ta sha kashi a hannun FC Barcelona da ci 23-36. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Wundervoll&quot;: FC Barcelona zum zehnten Mal die Besten in Europa |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-132596.html |access-date=19 June 2021 |publisher=handball-world.news |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwanaki kaɗan bayan haka ya lashe wasan ƙarshe na gasar zakarun Denmark. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aalborg er dansk mester |trans-title=Aalborg are Danish Champions |url=https://sport.tv2.dk/haandbold/2021-06-16-aalborg-er-dansk-mester |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=sport.tv2.dk |publisher=[[TV2 Danmark]] |language=da}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2023 ya shiga ONE Veszprém . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zwei Olympiasieger, Europameister, EM-Zweiter: Telekom Veszprem präsentiert vier Neuzugänge für 2023 |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-143237.html |access-date=2022-06-23 |publisher=www.handball-world.news |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; A nan ya lashe Kofin Hungary da kuma Super Globe na Maza na IHF a shekarar 2024.

=== Tawagar ƙasa ===
Sandell ya fara buga wa tawagar ƙasar Sweden wasa a gasar cin kofin ƙwallon hannu ta maza ta duniya ta shekarar 2021 a wasan da suka yi da Macedonia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Matchguide: Sverige–Nordmakedonien |trans-title=Match Guide Sweden North Macedonia |url=https://www.handbollslandslaget.se/herr/matchguide-sverige-nordmakedonien-2/ |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handbollskanalen.se |language=sv}}&lt;/ref&gt; A nan ya lashe lambar azurfa tare da ƙungiyar Sweden. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Palicka och Solberg inför finalen |url=https://www.handbollslandslaget.se/herr/palicka-och-solberg-infor-finalen/ |access-date=19 June 2021 |publisher=handbollskanalen.se |language=sv}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 2022, ya lashe lambobin zinare tare da Sweden. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sweden 2022 |url=https://ehfeuro.eurohandball.com/men/2022/teams/details/u2UA_11fSK5vcURmh111Fw/sweden/ |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=eurohandball.com |publisher=[[European Handball Federation]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarorin ==

* '''Gasar Zakarun Turai ta EHF'''
** ''Na biyu: 2021''
* &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;b id=&quot;mwaA&quot;&gt;IHF Super Globe&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara: 2024''
** ''Lambobin yabo na tagulla: 2021''
* '''Gasar ƙwallon hannu ta Denmark'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2021
** ''Na biyu:'' 2022, 2023
* '''Kofin Kwallon Hannu na Denmark :'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2021
** ''Na biyu:'' 2020
* '''Kofin Super na Denmark'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2020, 2021, 2022
* '''Gasar Norway'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2019, 2020
* '''Kofin Norway'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2018, 2019
* '''Kofin Hungary'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2024

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]]</text>
      <sha1>9rjyaj3udjwpatfnz4mqmhkptuhdmqh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893489</id>
      <parentid>893488</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:09:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893489</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6378" sha1="g3x61rrb9kijfwb5usiswchnuhti77f" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Lukas Sandell''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1997) ɗan wasan ƙwallon hannu ne na ƙasar Sweden ga Rhein-Neckar Löwen da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Sweden . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Selby |first=Ola |date=16 January 2021 |title=Sandell: &quot;Här för att göra det jag är bra på&quot; |trans-title=Sandell: &quot;I'm here to do, what I do best |url=https://handbollskanalen.se/landslag-herrar/sandell-har-for-att-gora-det-jag-ar-bra-pa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209074748/https://handbollskanalen.se/landslag-herrar/sandell-har-for-att-gora-det-jag-ar-bra-pa/ |archive-date=9 February 2021 |access-date=30 January 2021 |language=SV |agency=handbollskanalen.se}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Sandell ya fara buga ƙwallon hannu a Eslövs HF. A shekarar 2013 ya koma Ystads IF HF . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=33 Lukas Sandell |url=https://www.handbollslandslaget.se/spelare/lukassandell/ |access-date=20 June 2021 |website=handbollslandslaget.se |publisher=[[Sweden national handball team]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar wasa a shekarar 2015, inda ya yi wasa da Kim Andersson a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na dama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Statistik 2014/15 |url=https://handballstats.se/stat_sve/statistics/statistics.aspx?y=2014 |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handballstats.se |language=sv |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705125201/https://handballstats.se/stat_sve/statistics/statistics.aspx?y=2014 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 2018 he transferred to Norwegian team Elverum Håndball.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uppgifter: Lukas Sandell flyttar till Elverum |trans-title=Lukas Sandell moves to Elverum |url=https://handbollskanalen.se/norge/uppgifter-lukas-sandell-har-skrivit-pa-elverum/ |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handbollskanalen.se |language=sv}}&lt;/ref&gt; Here he won the Norwegian championship in 2019 and 2020 and the Norwegian cup in 2019 and 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elverum zum zweiten Mal norwegischer Pokalsieger |trans-title=Elverum are Norwegian champions for the second time |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-110898.html |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handball-world.news |language=de |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203406/https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-110898.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elverum und Kristiansand gewinnen Pokalfinals in Norwegen |trans-title=Elverum and Kristiansand wins the cup finals in Norway |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-121149.html |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handball-world.news |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elverum gelingt erfolgreiche Titelverteidigung |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-115248.html |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handball-world.news |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elverum seriemester to runder før slutt |trans-title=Elverum are league champions with two rounds to go |url=https://www.handball.no/nyheter/2020/03/elverum-seriemester-to-runder-for-slutt/ |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handball.no |language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2020 ya kuma shiga ƙungiyar Denmark ta Aalborg Håndbold . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vier Abgänge in die HBL: Der Kader von Aalborg Haandbold für die Saison 2020/21 |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-125653.html |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handball-world.news |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kakarsa ta farko a ƙungiyar, ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar zakarun Turai, inda Aalborg ta sha kashi a hannun FC Barcelona da ci 23-36. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Wundervoll&quot;: FC Barcelona zum zehnten Mal die Besten in Europa |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-132596.html |access-date=19 June 2021 |publisher=handball-world.news |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwanaki kaɗan bayan haka ya lashe wasan ƙarshe na gasar zakarun Denmark. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aalborg er dansk mester |trans-title=Aalborg are Danish Champions |url=https://sport.tv2.dk/haandbold/2021-06-16-aalborg-er-dansk-mester |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=sport.tv2.dk |publisher=[[TV2 Danmark]] |language=da}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2023 ya shiga ONE Veszprém . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zwei Olympiasieger, Europameister, EM-Zweiter: Telekom Veszprem präsentiert vier Neuzugänge für 2023 |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-3-143237.html |access-date=2022-06-23 |publisher=www.handball-world.news |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; A nan ya lashe Kofin Hungary da kuma Super Globe na Maza na IHF a shekarar 2024.

=== Tawagar ƙasa ===
Sandell ya fara buga wa tawagar ƙasar Sweden wasa a gasar cin kofin ƙwallon hannu ta maza ta duniya ta shekarar 2021 a wasan da suka yi da Macedonia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Matchguide: Sverige–Nordmakedonien |trans-title=Match Guide Sweden North Macedonia |url=https://www.handbollslandslaget.se/herr/matchguide-sverige-nordmakedonien-2/ |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=handbollskanalen.se |language=sv}}&lt;/ref&gt; A nan ya lashe lambar azurfa tare da ƙungiyar Sweden. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Palicka och Solberg inför finalen |url=https://www.handbollslandslaget.se/herr/palicka-och-solberg-infor-finalen/ |access-date=19 June 2021 |publisher=handbollskanalen.se |language=sv}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta shekarar 2022, ya lashe lambobin zinare tare da Sweden. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sweden 2022 |url=https://ehfeuro.eurohandball.com/men/2022/teams/details/u2UA_11fSK5vcURmh111Fw/sweden/ |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=eurohandball.com |publisher=[[European Handball Federation]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarorin ==

* '''Gasar Zakarun Turai ta EHF'''
** ''Na biyu: 2021''
* &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;b id=&quot;mwaA&quot;&gt;IHF Super Globe&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara: 2024''
** ''Lambobin yabo na tagulla: 2021''
* '''Gasar ƙwallon hannu ta Denmark'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2021
** ''Na biyu:'' 2022, 2023
* '''Kofin Kwallon Hannu na Denmark :'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2021
** ''Na biyu:'' 2020
* '''Kofin Super na Denmark'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2020, 2021, 2022
* '''Gasar Norway'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2019, 2020
* '''Kofin Norway'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2018, 2019
* '''Kofin Hungary'''
** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2024

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]]</text>
      <sha1>g3x61rrb9kijfwb5usiswchnuhti77f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ilimane Diop</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>156894</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893121</id>
      <parentid>855355</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:39:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893121</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5910" sha1="e7adq80pockq1ca40ij87db1bp2hy3g" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Ilimane Diop Gaye''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilun shekarar 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne na Básquet Coruña na Primera FEB . Duk da cewa an haife shi a Senegal, Diop yana wakiltar Spain a hukumance lokacin da yake aikin ƙasa da ƙasa tun yana jariri lokacin da iyalinsa suka zauna a Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Ilimane_Diop/Laboral_Kutxa_Vitoria/227853 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A da, ya jagoranci ƙananan ƙungiyoyinsu zuwa lambobin tagulla da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.realgm.com/player/Ilimane-Diop/Summary/27832 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=RealGM.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'ar ƙwararru ==
Diop, wanda ya fito daga ƙungiyar Saski Baskonia ta ƙasar Sipaniya, an tura shi aro zuwa ƙungiyar ƙananan ƙungiyoyi don samun lokacin wasa da gogewa. Ya fara buga wa Baskonia wasa a gasar La Liga ACB ta ƙasar Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2013-14.

A matsayin wanda ya fara shiga gasar NBA ta 2016, ya janye sunansa daga baya. 

A ranar 10 ga Yuli 2021, ya sanya hannu da Gran Canaria na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 July 2021 |title=Herbalife Gran Canaria ink Ilimane Diop |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/herbalife-gran-canaria-ink-ilimane-diop/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 5 ga Yuli 2022, Gran Canaria ta saki Diop. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2022 |title=Pustovyi, Ennis, Diop y López finalizan su etapa en el Gran Canaria |url=https://cbgrancanaria.net/news/pustovyi-ennis-diop-y-lopez-finalizan-su-etapa-en-el-gran-canaria/ |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=Club Baloncesto Gran Canaria |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Yuli 2022, ya sanya hannu da UCAM Murcia a gasar La Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=13 July 2022 |title=Ilimane Diop, músculo para el UCAM Murcia CB |url=https://www.ucamdeportes.com/ucamcb/noticias/ilimane-diop-musculo-para-el-ucam-murcia-cb |access-date=11 October 2022 |website=ucamdeportes.com |publisher= |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 20 ga Agusta 2023, ya sanya hannu da Unicaja na ƙungiyar ACB ta La Liga ta Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=20 August 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Unicaja Malaga |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/ilimane-diop-joins-unicaja-malaga/ |access-date=21 August 2023 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2023, ya sanya hannu da Filou Oostende na BNXT League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=4 October 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Filou Oostende in the Basketball Champions League |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1561256/ilimane-diop-filou-oostende-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 11 ga Janairu 2024, ya sanya hannu tare da Lenovo Tenerife na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=11 January 2024 |title=Ilimane Diop moves from Oostende to Tenerife |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1611328/ilimane-diop-signs-with-tenerife-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2025, Diop ya sanya hannu da Al Riyadh na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Lebanon . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 January 2025 |title=Al Riyadi signs Ilimane Diop, ex Tenerife |url=https://www.asia-basket.com/Lebanon/news/912684/Al-Riyadi-signs-Ilimane-Diop-ex-Tenerife |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Bayan ya lashe lambar tagulla tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18, a ranar 11 ga Yulin 2016, Diop ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar ƙasa a wasan sada zumunci da aka buga a Burgos da [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Angola|Angola]] . Ya zira kwallaye huɗu kuma ya samu bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida sau uku don yin aiki tare wajen cin nasara da ci 85-61. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2016 |title=Ilimane Diop debuta con la selección española senior |url=http://www.acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811233556/http://acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |archive-date=11 August 2016 |access-date=13 July 2016 |publisher=ACB.com |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan ɗan wasa ==
Ana ɗaukar Diop a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa mafi ƙarfi a gasar La Liga ACB kuma wataƙila za a zaɓa shi a matsayin wanda zai yi nasara a gasar NBA a nan gaba. Tsawon lokaci ya kasance matsala ga abokan hamayyarsa, waɗanda suka yi fama da ƙalubalen da suka shafi zaɓe da kuma sake dawowa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hein |first=David |title=Spain youngster Diop taking step in Euroleague |url=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829213224/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |archive-date=29 August 2015 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=FIBA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma san shi da baiwar da yake da ita wadda za ta iya girma zuwa &quot;babban jikin ƙwallon kwando.&quot; Daidaito, aikin ƙafa, da ƙarfi sun kasance ba a taɓa gani ba ga tsakiya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mills |first=Danny |title=Eurohopes Basketball Prospect Ilimane Diop |url=http://www.eurohopes.com/player/1521/ilimane-diop/ |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=EuroHopes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ɗan'uwansa Mamadou shi ma ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne wanda a baya ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Sipaniya kamar yadda yake yi.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>e7adq80pockq1ca40ij87db1bp2hy3g</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893123</id>
      <parentid>893121</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:39:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893123</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5924" sha1="1lhzkknnmkutmggkuaby6j93txs16ff" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Ilimane Diop Gaye''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilun shekarar 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne na Básquet Coruña na Primera FEB . Duk da cewa an haife shi a Senegal, Diop yana wakiltar Spain a hukumance lokacin da yake aikin ƙasa da ƙasa tun yana jariri lokacin da iyalinsa suka zauna a Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Ilimane_Diop/Laboral_Kutxa_Vitoria/227853 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A da, ya jagoranci ƙananan ƙungiyoyinsu zuwa lambobin tagulla da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.realgm.com/player/Ilimane-Diop/Summary/27832 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=RealGM.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'ar ƙwararru ==
Diop, wanda kuma ya fito daga ƙungiyar Saski Baskonia ta ƙasar Sipaniya, an tura shi aro zuwa ƙungiyar ƙananan ƙungiyoyi don samun lokacin wasa da gogewa. Ya fara buga wa Baskonia wasa a gasar La Liga ACB ta ƙasar Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta shekarar 2013-14.

A matsayin wanda ya fara shiga gasar NBA ta 2016, ya janye sunansa daga baya. 

A ranar 10 ga Yuli 2021, ya sanya hannu da Gran Canaria na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 July 2021 |title=Herbalife Gran Canaria ink Ilimane Diop |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/herbalife-gran-canaria-ink-ilimane-diop/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 5 ga Yuli 2022, Gran Canaria ta saki Diop. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2022 |title=Pustovyi, Ennis, Diop y López finalizan su etapa en el Gran Canaria |url=https://cbgrancanaria.net/news/pustovyi-ennis-diop-y-lopez-finalizan-su-etapa-en-el-gran-canaria/ |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=Club Baloncesto Gran Canaria |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Yuli 2022, ya sanya hannu da UCAM Murcia a gasar La Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=13 July 2022 |title=Ilimane Diop, músculo para el UCAM Murcia CB |url=https://www.ucamdeportes.com/ucamcb/noticias/ilimane-diop-musculo-para-el-ucam-murcia-cb |access-date=11 October 2022 |website=ucamdeportes.com |publisher= |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 20 ga Agusta 2023, ya sanya hannu da Unicaja na ƙungiyar ACB ta La Liga ta Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=20 August 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Unicaja Malaga |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/ilimane-diop-joins-unicaja-malaga/ |access-date=21 August 2023 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2023, ya sanya hannu da Filou Oostende na BNXT League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=4 October 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Filou Oostende in the Basketball Champions League |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1561256/ilimane-diop-filou-oostende-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 11 ga Janairu 2024, ya sanya hannu tare da Lenovo Tenerife na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=11 January 2024 |title=Ilimane Diop moves from Oostende to Tenerife |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1611328/ilimane-diop-signs-with-tenerife-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2025, Diop ya sanya hannu da Al Riyadh na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Lebanon . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 January 2025 |title=Al Riyadi signs Ilimane Diop, ex Tenerife |url=https://www.asia-basket.com/Lebanon/news/912684/Al-Riyadi-signs-Ilimane-Diop-ex-Tenerife |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Bayan ya lashe lambar tagulla tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18, a ranar 11 ga Yulin 2016, Diop ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar ƙasa a wasan sada zumunci da aka buga a Burgos da [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Angola|Angola]] . Ya zira kwallaye huɗu kuma ya samu bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida sau uku don yin aiki tare wajen cin nasara da ci 85-61. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2016 |title=Ilimane Diop debuta con la selección española senior |url=http://www.acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811233556/http://acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |archive-date=11 August 2016 |access-date=13 July 2016 |publisher=ACB.com |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan ɗan wasa ==
Ana ɗaukar Diop a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa mafi ƙarfi a gasar La Liga ACB kuma wataƙila za a zaɓa shi a matsayin wanda zai yi nasara a gasar NBA a nan gaba. Tsawon lokaci ya kasance matsala ga abokan hamayyarsa, waɗanda suka yi fama da ƙalubalen da suka shafi zaɓe da kuma sake dawowa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hein |first=David |title=Spain youngster Diop taking step in Euroleague |url=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829213224/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |archive-date=29 August 2015 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=FIBA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma san shi da baiwar da yake da ita wadda za ta iya girma zuwa &quot;babban jikin ƙwallon kwando.&quot; Daidaito, aikin ƙafa, da ƙarfi sun kasance ba a taɓa gani ba ga tsakiya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mills |first=Danny |title=Eurohopes Basketball Prospect Ilimane Diop |url=http://www.eurohopes.com/player/1521/ilimane-diop/ |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=EuroHopes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ɗan'uwansa Mamadou shi ma ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne wanda a baya ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Sipaniya kamar yadda yake yi.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>1lhzkknnmkutmggkuaby6j93txs16ff</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893124</id>
      <parentid>893123</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:41:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893124</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5934" sha1="pnkkrqjy6xaamhicfzihnuftyws50xa" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Ilimane Diop Gaye''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilun shekarar 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne na Básquet Coruña na Primera FEB . Duk da cewa an haife shi a Senegal, Diop yana wakiltar Spain a hukumance lokacin da yake aikin ƙasa da ƙasa tun yana jariri lokacin da iyalinsa suka zauna a Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Ilimane_Diop/Laboral_Kutxa_Vitoria/227853 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A da, ya jagoranci ƙananan ƙungiyoyinsu zuwa lambobin tagulla da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.realgm.com/player/Ilimane-Diop/Summary/27832 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=RealGM.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'ar ƙwararru ==
Diop, wanda kuma ya fito daga ƙungiyar Saski Baskonia ta ƙasar Sipaniya, an tura shi aro zuwa ƙungiyar ƙananan ƙungiyoyi don samun lokacin wasa da gogewa. Ya fara buga wa Baskonia wasa a gasar La Liga ACB ta ƙasar Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta shekarar 2013-14.

A matsayin wanda ya fara shiga gasar NBA ta 2016, ya janye sunansa daga baya. 

A ranar 10 ga Yulin shekarar 2021, ya sanya hannu da Gran Canaria na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 July 2021 |title=Herbalife Gran Canaria ink Ilimane Diop |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/herbalife-gran-canaria-ink-ilimane-diop/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 5 ga Yuli 2022, Gran Canaria ta saki Diop. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2022 |title=Pustovyi, Ennis, Diop y López finalizan su etapa en el Gran Canaria |url=https://cbgrancanaria.net/news/pustovyi-ennis-diop-y-lopez-finalizan-su-etapa-en-el-gran-canaria/ |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=Club Baloncesto Gran Canaria |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Yuli 2022, ya sanya hannu da UCAM Murcia a gasar La Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=13 July 2022 |title=Ilimane Diop, músculo para el UCAM Murcia CB |url=https://www.ucamdeportes.com/ucamcb/noticias/ilimane-diop-musculo-para-el-ucam-murcia-cb |access-date=11 October 2022 |website=ucamdeportes.com |publisher= |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 20 ga Agusta 2023, ya sanya hannu da Unicaja na ƙungiyar ACB ta La Liga ta Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=20 August 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Unicaja Malaga |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/ilimane-diop-joins-unicaja-malaga/ |access-date=21 August 2023 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2023, ya sanya hannu da Filou Oostende na BNXT League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=4 October 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Filou Oostende in the Basketball Champions League |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1561256/ilimane-diop-filou-oostende-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 11 ga Janairu 2024, ya sanya hannu tare da Lenovo Tenerife na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=11 January 2024 |title=Ilimane Diop moves from Oostende to Tenerife |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1611328/ilimane-diop-signs-with-tenerife-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2025, Diop ya sanya hannu da Al Riyadh na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Lebanon . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 January 2025 |title=Al Riyadi signs Ilimane Diop, ex Tenerife |url=https://www.asia-basket.com/Lebanon/news/912684/Al-Riyadi-signs-Ilimane-Diop-ex-Tenerife |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Bayan ya lashe lambar tagulla tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18, a ranar 11 ga Yulin 2016, Diop ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar ƙasa a wasan sada zumunci da aka buga a Burgos da [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Angola|Angola]] . Ya zira kwallaye huɗu kuma ya samu bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida sau uku don yin aiki tare wajen cin nasara da ci 85-61. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2016 |title=Ilimane Diop debuta con la selección española senior |url=http://www.acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811233556/http://acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |archive-date=11 August 2016 |access-date=13 July 2016 |publisher=ACB.com |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan ɗan wasa ==
Ana ɗaukar Diop a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa mafi ƙarfi a gasar La Liga ACB kuma wataƙila za a zaɓa shi a matsayin wanda zai yi nasara a gasar NBA a nan gaba. Tsawon lokaci ya kasance matsala ga abokan hamayyarsa, waɗanda suka yi fama da ƙalubalen da suka shafi zaɓe da kuma sake dawowa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hein |first=David |title=Spain youngster Diop taking step in Euroleague |url=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829213224/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |archive-date=29 August 2015 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=FIBA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma san shi da baiwar da yake da ita wadda za ta iya girma zuwa &quot;babban jikin ƙwallon kwando.&quot; Daidaito, aikin ƙafa, da ƙarfi sun kasance ba a taɓa gani ba ga tsakiya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mills |first=Danny |title=Eurohopes Basketball Prospect Ilimane Diop |url=http://www.eurohopes.com/player/1521/ilimane-diop/ |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=EuroHopes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ɗan'uwansa Mamadou shi ma ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne wanda a baya ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Sipaniya kamar yadda yake yi.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>pnkkrqjy6xaamhicfzihnuftyws50xa</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893125</id>
      <parentid>893124</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:41:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893125</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5909" sha1="0k11u0817k7jgwr1rdjqt7bjbleoumo" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Ilimane Diop Gaye''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne na Básquet Coruña na Primera FEB . Duk da cewa an haife shi a Senegal, Diop yana wakiltar Spain a hukumance lokacin da yake aikin ƙasa da ƙasa tun yana jariri lokacin da iyalinsa suka zauna a Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Ilimane_Diop/Laboral_Kutxa_Vitoria/227853 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A da, ya jagoranci ƙananan ƙungiyoyinsu zuwa lambobin tagulla da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.realgm.com/player/Ilimane-Diop/Summary/27832 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=RealGM.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'ar ƙwararru ==
Diop, wanda ya fito daga ƙungiyar Saski Baskonia ta ƙasar Sipaniya, an tura shi aro zuwa ƙungiyar ƙananan ƙungiyoyi don samun lokacin wasa da gogewa. Ya fara buga wa Baskonia wasa a gasar La Liga ACB ta ƙasar Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2013-14.

A matsayin wanda ya fara shiga gasar NBA ta shekarar 2016, ya janye sunansa daga baya. 

A ranar 10 ga Yuli 2021, ya sanya hannu da Gran Canaria na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 July 2021 |title=Herbalife Gran Canaria ink Ilimane Diop |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/herbalife-gran-canaria-ink-ilimane-diop/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 5 ga Yuli 2022, Gran Canaria ta saki Diop. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2022 |title=Pustovyi, Ennis, Diop y López finalizan su etapa en el Gran Canaria |url=https://cbgrancanaria.net/news/pustovyi-ennis-diop-y-lopez-finalizan-su-etapa-en-el-gran-canaria/ |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=Club Baloncesto Gran Canaria |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Yuli 2022, ya sanya hannu da UCAM Murcia a gasar La Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=13 July 2022 |title=Ilimane Diop, músculo para el UCAM Murcia CB |url=https://www.ucamdeportes.com/ucamcb/noticias/ilimane-diop-musculo-para-el-ucam-murcia-cb |access-date=11 October 2022 |website=ucamdeportes.com |publisher= |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 20 ga Agusta 2023, ya sanya hannu da Unicaja na ƙungiyar ACB ta La Liga ta Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=20 August 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Unicaja Malaga |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/ilimane-diop-joins-unicaja-malaga/ |access-date=21 August 2023 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2023, ya sanya hannu da Filou Oostende na BNXT League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=4 October 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Filou Oostende in the Basketball Champions League |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1561256/ilimane-diop-filou-oostende-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 11 ga Janairu 2024, ya sanya hannu tare da Lenovo Tenerife na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=11 January 2024 |title=Ilimane Diop moves from Oostende to Tenerife |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1611328/ilimane-diop-signs-with-tenerife-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2025, Diop ya sanya hannu da Al Riyadh na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Lebanon . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 January 2025 |title=Al Riyadi signs Ilimane Diop, ex Tenerife |url=https://www.asia-basket.com/Lebanon/news/912684/Al-Riyadi-signs-Ilimane-Diop-ex-Tenerife |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Bayan ya lashe lambar tagulla tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18, a ranar 11 ga Yulin 2016, Diop ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar ƙasa a wasan sada zumunci da aka buga a Burgos da [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Angola|Angola]] . Ya zira kwallaye huɗu kuma ya samu bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida sau uku don yin aiki tare wajen cin nasara da ci 85-61. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2016 |title=Ilimane Diop debuta con la selección española senior |url=http://www.acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811233556/http://acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |archive-date=11 August 2016 |access-date=13 July 2016 |publisher=ACB.com |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan ɗan wasa ==
Ana ɗaukar Diop a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa mafi ƙarfi a gasar La Liga ACB kuma wataƙila za a zaɓa shi a matsayin wanda zai yi nasara a gasar NBA a nan gaba. Tsawon lokaci ya kasance matsala ga abokan hamayyarsa, waɗanda suka yi fama da ƙalubalen da suka shafi zaɓe da kuma sake dawowa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hein |first=David |title=Spain youngster Diop taking step in Euroleague |url=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829213224/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |archive-date=29 August 2015 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=FIBA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma san shi da baiwar da yake da ita wadda za ta iya girma zuwa &quot;babban jikin ƙwallon kwando.&quot; Daidaito, aikin ƙafa, da ƙarfi sun kasance ba a taɓa gani ba ga tsakiya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mills |first=Danny |title=Eurohopes Basketball Prospect Ilimane Diop |url=http://www.eurohopes.com/player/1521/ilimane-diop/ |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=EuroHopes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ɗan'uwansa Mamadou shi ma ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne wanda a baya ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Sipaniya kamar yadda yake yi.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>0k11u0817k7jgwr1rdjqt7bjbleoumo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893126</id>
      <parentid>893125</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:41:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893126</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5919" sha1="lgfsszxkkj9g2w73sjxgenxy0i9x8lv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Ilimane Diop Gaye''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne na Básquet Coruña na Primera FEB . Duk da cewa an haife shi a Senegal, Diop yana wakiltar Spain a hukumance lokacin da yake aikin ƙasa da ƙasa tun yana jariri lokacin da iyalinsa suka zauna a Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Ilimane_Diop/Laboral_Kutxa_Vitoria/227853 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A da, ya jagoranci ƙananan ƙungiyoyinsu zuwa lambobin tagulla da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.realgm.com/player/Ilimane-Diop/Summary/27832 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=RealGM.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'ar ƙwararru ==
Diop, wanda ya fito daga ƙungiyar Saski Baskonia ta ƙasar Sipaniya, an tura shi aro zuwa ƙungiyar ƙananan ƙungiyoyi don samun lokacin wasa da gogewa. Ya fara buga wa Baskonia wasa a gasar La Liga ACB ta ƙasar Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2013-14.

A matsayin wanda ya fara shiga gasar NBA ta shekarar 2016, ya janye sunansa daga baya. 

A ranar 10 ga Yuli 2021, ya sanya hannu da Gran Canaria na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 July 2021 |title=Herbalife Gran Canaria ink Ilimane Diop |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/herbalife-gran-canaria-ink-ilimane-diop/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 5 ga Yulin shekarar 2022, Gran Canaria ta saki Diop. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2022 |title=Pustovyi, Ennis, Diop y López finalizan su etapa en el Gran Canaria |url=https://cbgrancanaria.net/news/pustovyi-ennis-diop-y-lopez-finalizan-su-etapa-en-el-gran-canaria/ |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=Club Baloncesto Gran Canaria |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Yuli 2022, ya sanya hannu da UCAM Murcia a gasar La Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=13 July 2022 |title=Ilimane Diop, músculo para el UCAM Murcia CB |url=https://www.ucamdeportes.com/ucamcb/noticias/ilimane-diop-musculo-para-el-ucam-murcia-cb |access-date=11 October 2022 |website=ucamdeportes.com |publisher= |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 20 ga Agusta 2023, ya sanya hannu da Unicaja na ƙungiyar ACB ta La Liga ta Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=20 August 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Unicaja Malaga |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/ilimane-diop-joins-unicaja-malaga/ |access-date=21 August 2023 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2023, ya sanya hannu da Filou Oostende na BNXT League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=4 October 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Filou Oostende in the Basketball Champions League |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1561256/ilimane-diop-filou-oostende-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 11 ga Janairu 2024, ya sanya hannu tare da Lenovo Tenerife na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=11 January 2024 |title=Ilimane Diop moves from Oostende to Tenerife |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1611328/ilimane-diop-signs-with-tenerife-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2025, Diop ya sanya hannu da Al Riyadh na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Lebanon . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 January 2025 |title=Al Riyadi signs Ilimane Diop, ex Tenerife |url=https://www.asia-basket.com/Lebanon/news/912684/Al-Riyadi-signs-Ilimane-Diop-ex-Tenerife |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Bayan ya lashe lambar tagulla tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18, a ranar 11 ga Yulin 2016, Diop ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar ƙasa a wasan sada zumunci da aka buga a Burgos da [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Angola|Angola]] . Ya zira kwallaye huɗu kuma ya samu bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida sau uku don yin aiki tare wajen cin nasara da ci 85-61. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2016 |title=Ilimane Diop debuta con la selección española senior |url=http://www.acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811233556/http://acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |archive-date=11 August 2016 |access-date=13 July 2016 |publisher=ACB.com |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan ɗan wasa ==
Ana ɗaukar Diop a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa mafi ƙarfi a gasar La Liga ACB kuma wataƙila za a zaɓa shi a matsayin wanda zai yi nasara a gasar NBA a nan gaba. Tsawon lokaci ya kasance matsala ga abokan hamayyarsa, waɗanda suka yi fama da ƙalubalen da suka shafi zaɓe da kuma sake dawowa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hein |first=David |title=Spain youngster Diop taking step in Euroleague |url=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829213224/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |archive-date=29 August 2015 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=FIBA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma san shi da baiwar da yake da ita wadda za ta iya girma zuwa &quot;babban jikin ƙwallon kwando.&quot; Daidaito, aikin ƙafa, da ƙarfi sun kasance ba a taɓa gani ba ga tsakiya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mills |first=Danny |title=Eurohopes Basketball Prospect Ilimane Diop |url=http://www.eurohopes.com/player/1521/ilimane-diop/ |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=EuroHopes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ɗan'uwansa Mamadou shi ma ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne wanda a baya ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Sipaniya kamar yadda yake yi.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>lgfsszxkkj9g2w73sjxgenxy0i9x8lv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893128</id>
      <parentid>893126</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:43:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893128</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5929" sha1="gry89szb0wsilv9rv8fga13eb2uuk3x" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Ilimane Diop Gaye''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne na Básquet Coruña na Primera FEB . Duk da cewa an haife shi a Senegal, Diop yana wakiltar Spain a hukumance lokacin da yake aikin ƙasa da ƙasa tun yana jariri lokacin da iyalinsa suka zauna a Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Ilimane_Diop/Laboral_Kutxa_Vitoria/227853 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A da, ya jagoranci ƙananan ƙungiyoyinsu zuwa lambobin tagulla da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.realgm.com/player/Ilimane-Diop/Summary/27832 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=RealGM.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'ar ƙwararru ==
Diop, wanda ya fito daga ƙungiyar Saski Baskonia ta ƙasar Sipaniya, an tura shi aro zuwa ƙungiyar ƙananan ƙungiyoyi don samun lokacin wasa da gogewa. Ya fara buga wa Baskonia wasa a gasar La Liga ACB ta ƙasar Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2013-14.

A matsayin wanda ya fara shiga gasar NBA ta shekarar 2016, ya janye sunansa daga baya. 

A ranar 10 ga Yuli 2021, ya sanya hannu da Gran Canaria na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 July 2021 |title=Herbalife Gran Canaria ink Ilimane Diop |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/herbalife-gran-canaria-ink-ilimane-diop/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 5 ga Yulin shekarar 2022, Gran Canaria ta saki Diop. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2022 |title=Pustovyi, Ennis, Diop y López finalizan su etapa en el Gran Canaria |url=https://cbgrancanaria.net/news/pustovyi-ennis-diop-y-lopez-finalizan-su-etapa-en-el-gran-canaria/ |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=Club Baloncesto Gran Canaria |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Yulin shekarar 2022, ya sanya hannu da UCAM Murcia a gasar La Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=13 July 2022 |title=Ilimane Diop, músculo para el UCAM Murcia CB |url=https://www.ucamdeportes.com/ucamcb/noticias/ilimane-diop-musculo-para-el-ucam-murcia-cb |access-date=11 October 2022 |website=ucamdeportes.com |publisher= |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 20 ga Agusta 2023, ya sanya hannu da Unicaja na ƙungiyar ACB ta La Liga ta Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=20 August 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Unicaja Malaga |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/ilimane-diop-joins-unicaja-malaga/ |access-date=21 August 2023 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2023, ya sanya hannu da Filou Oostende na BNXT League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=4 October 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Filou Oostende in the Basketball Champions League |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1561256/ilimane-diop-filou-oostende-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 11 ga Janairu 2024, ya sanya hannu tare da Lenovo Tenerife na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=11 January 2024 |title=Ilimane Diop moves from Oostende to Tenerife |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1611328/ilimane-diop-signs-with-tenerife-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2025, Diop ya sanya hannu da Al Riyadh na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Lebanon . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 January 2025 |title=Al Riyadi signs Ilimane Diop, ex Tenerife |url=https://www.asia-basket.com/Lebanon/news/912684/Al-Riyadi-signs-Ilimane-Diop-ex-Tenerife |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Bayan ya lashe lambar tagulla tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18, a ranar 11 ga Yulin 2016, Diop ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar ƙasa a wasan sada zumunci da aka buga a Burgos da [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Angola|Angola]] . Ya zira kwallaye huɗu kuma ya samu bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida sau uku don yin aiki tare wajen cin nasara da ci 85-61. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2016 |title=Ilimane Diop debuta con la selección española senior |url=http://www.acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811233556/http://acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |archive-date=11 August 2016 |access-date=13 July 2016 |publisher=ACB.com |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan ɗan wasa ==
Ana ɗaukar Diop a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa mafi ƙarfi a gasar La Liga ACB kuma wataƙila za a zaɓa shi a matsayin wanda zai yi nasara a gasar NBA a nan gaba. Tsawon lokaci ya kasance matsala ga abokan hamayyarsa, waɗanda suka yi fama da ƙalubalen da suka shafi zaɓe da kuma sake dawowa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hein |first=David |title=Spain youngster Diop taking step in Euroleague |url=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829213224/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |archive-date=29 August 2015 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=FIBA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma san shi da baiwar da yake da ita wadda za ta iya girma zuwa &quot;babban jikin ƙwallon kwando.&quot; Daidaito, aikin ƙafa, da ƙarfi sun kasance ba a taɓa gani ba ga tsakiya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mills |first=Danny |title=Eurohopes Basketball Prospect Ilimane Diop |url=http://www.eurohopes.com/player/1521/ilimane-diop/ |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=EuroHopes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ɗan'uwansa Mamadou shi ma ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne wanda a baya ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Sipaniya kamar yadda yake yi.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>gry89szb0wsilv9rv8fga13eb2uuk3x</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893130</id>
      <parentid>893128</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:43:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893130</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5939" sha1="5bt0kppkvr2q6byixqtvkwgw2ttjh3b" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Ilimane Diop Gaye''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne na Básquet Coruña na Primera FEB . Duk da cewa an haife shi a Senegal, Diop yana wakiltar Spain a hukumance lokacin da yake aikin ƙasa da ƙasa tun yana jariri lokacin da iyalinsa suka zauna a Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Ilimane_Diop/Laboral_Kutxa_Vitoria/227853 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A da, ya jagoranci ƙananan ƙungiyoyinsu zuwa lambobin tagulla da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.realgm.com/player/Ilimane-Diop/Summary/27832 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=RealGM.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'ar ƙwararru ==
Diop, wanda ya fito daga ƙungiyar Saski Baskonia ta ƙasar Sipaniya, an tura shi aro zuwa ƙungiyar ƙananan ƙungiyoyi don samun lokacin wasa da gogewa. Ya fara buga wa Baskonia wasa a gasar La Liga ACB ta ƙasar Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2013-14.

A matsayin wanda ya fara shiga gasar NBA ta shekarar 2016, ya janye sunansa daga baya. 

A ranar 10 ga Yuli 2021, ya sanya hannu da Gran Canaria na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 July 2021 |title=Herbalife Gran Canaria ink Ilimane Diop |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/herbalife-gran-canaria-ink-ilimane-diop/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 5 ga Yulin shekarar 2022, Gran Canaria ta saki Diop. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2022 |title=Pustovyi, Ennis, Diop y López finalizan su etapa en el Gran Canaria |url=https://cbgrancanaria.net/news/pustovyi-ennis-diop-y-lopez-finalizan-su-etapa-en-el-gran-canaria/ |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=Club Baloncesto Gran Canaria |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Yulin shekarar 2022, ya sanya hannu da UCAM Murcia a gasar La Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=13 July 2022 |title=Ilimane Diop, músculo para el UCAM Murcia CB |url=https://www.ucamdeportes.com/ucamcb/noticias/ilimane-diop-musculo-para-el-ucam-murcia-cb |access-date=11 October 2022 |website=ucamdeportes.com |publisher= |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 20 ga Agustan shekarar 2023, ya sanya hannu da Unicaja na ƙungiyar ACB ta La Liga ta Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=20 August 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Unicaja Malaga |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/ilimane-diop-joins-unicaja-malaga/ |access-date=21 August 2023 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2023, ya sanya hannu da Filou Oostende na BNXT League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=4 October 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Filou Oostende in the Basketball Champions League |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1561256/ilimane-diop-filou-oostende-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 11 ga Janairu 2024, ya sanya hannu tare da Lenovo Tenerife na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=11 January 2024 |title=Ilimane Diop moves from Oostende to Tenerife |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1611328/ilimane-diop-signs-with-tenerife-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2025, Diop ya sanya hannu da Al Riyadh na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Lebanon . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 January 2025 |title=Al Riyadi signs Ilimane Diop, ex Tenerife |url=https://www.asia-basket.com/Lebanon/news/912684/Al-Riyadi-signs-Ilimane-Diop-ex-Tenerife |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Bayan ya lashe lambar tagulla tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18, a ranar 11 ga Yulin 2016, Diop ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar ƙasa a wasan sada zumunci da aka buga a Burgos da [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Angola|Angola]] . Ya zira kwallaye huɗu kuma ya samu bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida sau uku don yin aiki tare wajen cin nasara da ci 85-61. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2016 |title=Ilimane Diop debuta con la selección española senior |url=http://www.acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811233556/http://acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |archive-date=11 August 2016 |access-date=13 July 2016 |publisher=ACB.com |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan ɗan wasa ==
Ana ɗaukar Diop a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa mafi ƙarfi a gasar La Liga ACB kuma wataƙila za a zaɓa shi a matsayin wanda zai yi nasara a gasar NBA a nan gaba. Tsawon lokaci ya kasance matsala ga abokan hamayyarsa, waɗanda suka yi fama da ƙalubalen da suka shafi zaɓe da kuma sake dawowa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hein |first=David |title=Spain youngster Diop taking step in Euroleague |url=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829213224/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |archive-date=29 August 2015 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=FIBA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma san shi da baiwar da yake da ita wadda za ta iya girma zuwa &quot;babban jikin ƙwallon kwando.&quot; Daidaito, aikin ƙafa, da ƙarfi sun kasance ba a taɓa gani ba ga tsakiya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mills |first=Danny |title=Eurohopes Basketball Prospect Ilimane Diop |url=http://www.eurohopes.com/player/1521/ilimane-diop/ |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=EuroHopes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ɗan'uwansa Mamadou shi ma ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne wanda a baya ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Sipaniya kamar yadda yake yi.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>5bt0kppkvr2q6byixqtvkwgw2ttjh3b</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893132</id>
      <parentid>893130</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:43:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893132</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5949" sha1="88f6al84j8gyenpievgekiamhgdemt1" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Ilimane Diop Gaye''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne na Básquet Coruña na Primera FEB . Duk da cewa an haife shi a Senegal, Diop yana wakiltar Spain a hukumance lokacin da yake aikin ƙasa da ƙasa tun yana jariri lokacin da iyalinsa suka zauna a Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Ilimane_Diop/Laboral_Kutxa_Vitoria/227853 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A da, ya jagoranci ƙananan ƙungiyoyinsu zuwa lambobin tagulla da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.realgm.com/player/Ilimane-Diop/Summary/27832 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=RealGM.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'ar ƙwararru ==
Diop, wanda ya fito daga ƙungiyar Saski Baskonia ta ƙasar Sipaniya, an tura shi aro zuwa ƙungiyar ƙananan ƙungiyoyi don samun lokacin wasa da gogewa. Ya fara buga wa Baskonia wasa a gasar La Liga ACB ta ƙasar Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2013-14.

A matsayin wanda ya fara shiga gasar NBA ta shekarar 2016, ya janye sunansa daga baya. 

A ranar 10 ga Yuli 2021, ya sanya hannu da Gran Canaria na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 July 2021 |title=Herbalife Gran Canaria ink Ilimane Diop |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/herbalife-gran-canaria-ink-ilimane-diop/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 5 ga Yulin shekarar 2022, Gran Canaria ta saki Diop. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2022 |title=Pustovyi, Ennis, Diop y López finalizan su etapa en el Gran Canaria |url=https://cbgrancanaria.net/news/pustovyi-ennis-diop-y-lopez-finalizan-su-etapa-en-el-gran-canaria/ |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=Club Baloncesto Gran Canaria |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Yulin shekarar 2022, ya sanya hannu da UCAM Murcia a gasar La Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=13 July 2022 |title=Ilimane Diop, músculo para el UCAM Murcia CB |url=https://www.ucamdeportes.com/ucamcb/noticias/ilimane-diop-musculo-para-el-ucam-murcia-cb |access-date=11 October 2022 |website=ucamdeportes.com |publisher= |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 20 ga Agustan shekarar 2023, ya sanya hannu da Unicaja na ƙungiyar ACB ta La Liga ta Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=20 August 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Unicaja Malaga |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/ilimane-diop-joins-unicaja-malaga/ |access-date=21 August 2023 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 4 ga Oktoban shekarar 2023, ya sanya hannu da Filou Oostende na BNXT League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=4 October 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Filou Oostende in the Basketball Champions League |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1561256/ilimane-diop-filou-oostende-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 11 ga Janairu 2024, ya sanya hannu tare da Lenovo Tenerife na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=11 January 2024 |title=Ilimane Diop moves from Oostende to Tenerife |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1611328/ilimane-diop-signs-with-tenerife-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2025, Diop ya sanya hannu da Al Riyadh na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Lebanon . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 January 2025 |title=Al Riyadi signs Ilimane Diop, ex Tenerife |url=https://www.asia-basket.com/Lebanon/news/912684/Al-Riyadi-signs-Ilimane-Diop-ex-Tenerife |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Bayan ya lashe lambar tagulla tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18, a ranar 11 ga Yulin 2016, Diop ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar ƙasa a wasan sada zumunci da aka buga a Burgos da [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Angola|Angola]] . Ya zira kwallaye huɗu kuma ya samu bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida sau uku don yin aiki tare wajen cin nasara da ci 85-61. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2016 |title=Ilimane Diop debuta con la selección española senior |url=http://www.acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811233556/http://acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |archive-date=11 August 2016 |access-date=13 July 2016 |publisher=ACB.com |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan ɗan wasa ==
Ana ɗaukar Diop a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa mafi ƙarfi a gasar La Liga ACB kuma wataƙila za a zaɓa shi a matsayin wanda zai yi nasara a gasar NBA a nan gaba. Tsawon lokaci ya kasance matsala ga abokan hamayyarsa, waɗanda suka yi fama da ƙalubalen da suka shafi zaɓe da kuma sake dawowa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hein |first=David |title=Spain youngster Diop taking step in Euroleague |url=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829213224/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |archive-date=29 August 2015 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=FIBA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma san shi da baiwar da yake da ita wadda za ta iya girma zuwa &quot;babban jikin ƙwallon kwando.&quot; Daidaito, aikin ƙafa, da ƙarfi sun kasance ba a taɓa gani ba ga tsakiya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mills |first=Danny |title=Eurohopes Basketball Prospect Ilimane Diop |url=http://www.eurohopes.com/player/1521/ilimane-diop/ |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=EuroHopes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ɗan'uwansa Mamadou shi ma ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne wanda a baya ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Sipaniya kamar yadda yake yi.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>88f6al84j8gyenpievgekiamhgdemt1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893133</id>
      <parentid>893132</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:43:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893133</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5959" sha1="rftdngj1h9bncglnzmt6l4az9hx5pks" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Ilimane Diop Gaye''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne na Básquet Coruña na Primera FEB . Duk da cewa an haife shi a Senegal, Diop yana wakiltar Spain a hukumance lokacin da yake aikin ƙasa da ƙasa tun yana jariri lokacin da iyalinsa suka zauna a Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Ilimane_Diop/Laboral_Kutxa_Vitoria/227853 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A da, ya jagoranci ƙananan ƙungiyoyinsu zuwa lambobin tagulla da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.realgm.com/player/Ilimane-Diop/Summary/27832 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=RealGM.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'ar ƙwararru ==
Diop, wanda ya fito daga ƙungiyar Saski Baskonia ta ƙasar Sipaniya, an tura shi aro zuwa ƙungiyar ƙananan ƙungiyoyi don samun lokacin wasa da gogewa. Ya fara buga wa Baskonia wasa a gasar La Liga ACB ta ƙasar Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2013-14.

A matsayin wanda ya fara shiga gasar NBA ta shekarar 2016, ya janye sunansa daga baya. 

A ranar 10 ga Yuli 2021, ya sanya hannu da Gran Canaria na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 July 2021 |title=Herbalife Gran Canaria ink Ilimane Diop |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/herbalife-gran-canaria-ink-ilimane-diop/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 5 ga Yulin shekarar 2022, Gran Canaria ta saki Diop. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2022 |title=Pustovyi, Ennis, Diop y López finalizan su etapa en el Gran Canaria |url=https://cbgrancanaria.net/news/pustovyi-ennis-diop-y-lopez-finalizan-su-etapa-en-el-gran-canaria/ |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=Club Baloncesto Gran Canaria |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Yulin shekarar 2022, ya sanya hannu da UCAM Murcia a gasar La Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=13 July 2022 |title=Ilimane Diop, músculo para el UCAM Murcia CB |url=https://www.ucamdeportes.com/ucamcb/noticias/ilimane-diop-musculo-para-el-ucam-murcia-cb |access-date=11 October 2022 |website=ucamdeportes.com |publisher= |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 20 ga Agustan shekarar 2023, ya sanya hannu da Unicaja na ƙungiyar ACB ta La Liga ta Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=20 August 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Unicaja Malaga |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/ilimane-diop-joins-unicaja-malaga/ |access-date=21 August 2023 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 4 ga Oktoban shekarar 2023, ya sanya hannu da Filou Oostende na BNXT League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=4 October 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Filou Oostende in the Basketball Champions League |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1561256/ilimane-diop-filou-oostende-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 11 ga Janairun shekarar 2024, ya sanya hannu tare da Lenovo Tenerife na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=11 January 2024 |title=Ilimane Diop moves from Oostende to Tenerife |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1611328/ilimane-diop-signs-with-tenerife-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2025, Diop ya sanya hannu da Al Riyadh na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Lebanon . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 January 2025 |title=Al Riyadi signs Ilimane Diop, ex Tenerife |url=https://www.asia-basket.com/Lebanon/news/912684/Al-Riyadi-signs-Ilimane-Diop-ex-Tenerife |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Bayan ya lashe lambar tagulla tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18, a ranar 11 ga Yulin 2016, Diop ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar ƙasa a wasan sada zumunci da aka buga a Burgos da [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Angola|Angola]] . Ya zira kwallaye huɗu kuma ya samu bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida sau uku don yin aiki tare wajen cin nasara da ci 85-61. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2016 |title=Ilimane Diop debuta con la selección española senior |url=http://www.acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811233556/http://acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |archive-date=11 August 2016 |access-date=13 July 2016 |publisher=ACB.com |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan ɗan wasa ==
Ana ɗaukar Diop a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa mafi ƙarfi a gasar La Liga ACB kuma wataƙila za a zaɓa shi a matsayin wanda zai yi nasara a gasar NBA a nan gaba. Tsawon lokaci ya kasance matsala ga abokan hamayyarsa, waɗanda suka yi fama da ƙalubalen da suka shafi zaɓe da kuma sake dawowa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hein |first=David |title=Spain youngster Diop taking step in Euroleague |url=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829213224/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |archive-date=29 August 2015 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=FIBA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma san shi da baiwar da yake da ita wadda za ta iya girma zuwa &quot;babban jikin ƙwallon kwando.&quot; Daidaito, aikin ƙafa, da ƙarfi sun kasance ba a taɓa gani ba ga tsakiya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mills |first=Danny |title=Eurohopes Basketball Prospect Ilimane Diop |url=http://www.eurohopes.com/player/1521/ilimane-diop/ |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=EuroHopes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ɗan'uwansa Mamadou shi ma ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne wanda a baya ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Sipaniya kamar yadda yake yi.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>rftdngj1h9bncglnzmt6l4az9hx5pks</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893134</id>
      <parentid>893133</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:44:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893134</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5969" sha1="aqvxqq5qbyb3xwfiz4tje1aumbrsztl" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Ilimane Diop Gaye''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne na Básquet Coruña na Primera FEB . Duk da cewa an haife shi a Senegal, Diop yana wakiltar Spain a hukumance lokacin da yake aikin ƙasa da ƙasa tun yana jariri lokacin da iyalinsa suka zauna a Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Ilimane_Diop/Laboral_Kutxa_Vitoria/227853 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A da, ya jagoranci ƙananan ƙungiyoyinsu zuwa lambobin tagulla da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.realgm.com/player/Ilimane-Diop/Summary/27832 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=RealGM.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'ar ƙwararru ==
Diop, wanda ya fito daga ƙungiyar Saski Baskonia ta ƙasar Sipaniya, an tura shi aro zuwa ƙungiyar ƙananan ƙungiyoyi don samun lokacin wasa da gogewa. Ya fara buga wa Baskonia wasa a gasar La Liga ACB ta ƙasar Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2013-14.

A matsayin wanda ya fara shiga gasar NBA ta shekarar 2016, ya janye sunansa daga baya. 

A ranar 10 ga Yuli 2021, ya sanya hannu da Gran Canaria na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 July 2021 |title=Herbalife Gran Canaria ink Ilimane Diop |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/herbalife-gran-canaria-ink-ilimane-diop/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 5 ga Yulin shekarar 2022, Gran Canaria ta saki Diop. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2022 |title=Pustovyi, Ennis, Diop y López finalizan su etapa en el Gran Canaria |url=https://cbgrancanaria.net/news/pustovyi-ennis-diop-y-lopez-finalizan-su-etapa-en-el-gran-canaria/ |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=Club Baloncesto Gran Canaria |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Yulin shekarar 2022, ya sanya hannu da UCAM Murcia a gasar La Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=13 July 2022 |title=Ilimane Diop, músculo para el UCAM Murcia CB |url=https://www.ucamdeportes.com/ucamcb/noticias/ilimane-diop-musculo-para-el-ucam-murcia-cb |access-date=11 October 2022 |website=ucamdeportes.com |publisher= |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 20 ga Agustan shekarar 2023, ya sanya hannu da Unicaja na ƙungiyar ACB ta La Liga ta Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=20 August 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Unicaja Malaga |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/ilimane-diop-joins-unicaja-malaga/ |access-date=21 August 2023 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 4 ga Oktoban shekarar 2023, ya sanya hannu da Filou Oostende na BNXT League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=4 October 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Filou Oostende in the Basketball Champions League |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1561256/ilimane-diop-filou-oostende-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 11 ga Janairun shekarar 2024, ya sanya hannu tare da Lenovo Tenerife na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=11 January 2024 |title=Ilimane Diop moves from Oostende to Tenerife |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1611328/ilimane-diop-signs-with-tenerife-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 18 ga Janairun shekarar 2025, Diop ya sanya hannu da Al Riyadh na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Lebanon . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 January 2025 |title=Al Riyadi signs Ilimane Diop, ex Tenerife |url=https://www.asia-basket.com/Lebanon/news/912684/Al-Riyadi-signs-Ilimane-Diop-ex-Tenerife |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Bayan ya lashe lambar tagulla tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18, a ranar 11 ga Yulin 2016, Diop ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar ƙasa a wasan sada zumunci da aka buga a Burgos da [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Angola|Angola]] . Ya zira kwallaye huɗu kuma ya samu bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida sau uku don yin aiki tare wajen cin nasara da ci 85-61. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2016 |title=Ilimane Diop debuta con la selección española senior |url=http://www.acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811233556/http://acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |archive-date=11 August 2016 |access-date=13 July 2016 |publisher=ACB.com |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan ɗan wasa ==
Ana ɗaukar Diop a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa mafi ƙarfi a gasar La Liga ACB kuma wataƙila za a zaɓa shi a matsayin wanda zai yi nasara a gasar NBA a nan gaba. Tsawon lokaci ya kasance matsala ga abokan hamayyarsa, waɗanda suka yi fama da ƙalubalen da suka shafi zaɓe da kuma sake dawowa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hein |first=David |title=Spain youngster Diop taking step in Euroleague |url=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829213224/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |archive-date=29 August 2015 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=FIBA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma san shi da baiwar da yake da ita wadda za ta iya girma zuwa &quot;babban jikin ƙwallon kwando.&quot; Daidaito, aikin ƙafa, da ƙarfi sun kasance ba a taɓa gani ba ga tsakiya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mills |first=Danny |title=Eurohopes Basketball Prospect Ilimane Diop |url=http://www.eurohopes.com/player/1521/ilimane-diop/ |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=EuroHopes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ɗan'uwansa Mamadou shi ma ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne wanda a baya ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Sipaniya kamar yadda yake yi.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>aqvxqq5qbyb3xwfiz4tje1aumbrsztl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893135</id>
      <parentid>893134</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:44:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893135</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5978" sha1="i573tttmtwyekjq9lj9569zmg0w55cw" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Ilimane Diop Gaye''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne na Básquet Coruña na Primera FEB . Duk da cewa an haife shi a Senegal, Diop yana wakiltar Spain a hukumance lokacin da yake aikin ƙasa da ƙasa tun yana jariri lokacin da iyalinsa suka zauna a Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Ilimane_Diop/Laboral_Kutxa_Vitoria/227853 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A da, ya jagoranci ƙananan ƙungiyoyinsu zuwa lambobin tagulla da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.realgm.com/player/Ilimane-Diop/Summary/27832 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=RealGM.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'ar ƙwararru ==
Diop, wanda ya fito daga ƙungiyar Saski Baskonia ta ƙasar Sipaniya, an tura shi aro zuwa ƙungiyar ƙananan ƙungiyoyi don samun lokacin wasa da gogewa. Ya fara buga wa Baskonia wasa a gasar La Liga ACB ta ƙasar Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2013-14.

A matsayin wanda ya fara shiga gasar NBA ta shekarar 2016, ya janye sunansa daga baya. 

A ranar 10 ga Yuli 2021, ya sanya hannu da Gran Canaria na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 July 2021 |title=Herbalife Gran Canaria ink Ilimane Diop |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/herbalife-gran-canaria-ink-ilimane-diop/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 5 ga Yulin shekarar 2022, Gran Canaria ta saki Diop. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2022 |title=Pustovyi, Ennis, Diop y López finalizan su etapa en el Gran Canaria |url=https://cbgrancanaria.net/news/pustovyi-ennis-diop-y-lopez-finalizan-su-etapa-en-el-gran-canaria/ |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=Club Baloncesto Gran Canaria |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Yulin shekarar 2022, ya sanya hannu da UCAM Murcia a gasar La Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=13 July 2022 |title=Ilimane Diop, músculo para el UCAM Murcia CB |url=https://www.ucamdeportes.com/ucamcb/noticias/ilimane-diop-musculo-para-el-ucam-murcia-cb |access-date=11 October 2022 |website=ucamdeportes.com |publisher= |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 20 ga Agustan shekarar 2023, ya sanya hannu da Unicaja na ƙungiyar ACB ta La Liga ta Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=20 August 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Unicaja Malaga |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/ilimane-diop-joins-unicaja-malaga/ |access-date=21 August 2023 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 4 ga Oktoban shekarar 2023, ya sanya hannu da Filou Oostende na BNXT League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=4 October 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Filou Oostende in the Basketball Champions League |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1561256/ilimane-diop-filou-oostende-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 11 ga Janairun shekarar 2024, ya sanya hannu tare da Lenovo Tenerife na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=11 January 2024 |title=Ilimane Diop moves from Oostende to Tenerife |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1611328/ilimane-diop-signs-with-tenerife-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 18 ga Janairun shekarar 2025, Diop ya sanya hannu da Al Riyadh na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Lebanon . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 January 2025 |title=Al Riyadi signs Ilimane Diop, ex Tenerife |url=https://www.asia-basket.com/Lebanon/news/912684/Al-Riyadi-signs-Ilimane-Diop-ex-Tenerife |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Bayan ya lashe lambar tagulla tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18, a ranar 11 ga Yulin shekarar 2016, Diop ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar ƙasa a wasan sada zumunci da aka buga a Burgos da [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Angola|Angola]] . Ya zira kwallaye huɗu kuma ya samu bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida sau uku don yin aiki tare wajen cin nasara da ci 85-61. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2016 |title=Ilimane Diop debuta con la selección española senior |url=http://www.acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811233556/http://acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |archive-date=11 August 2016 |access-date=13 July 2016 |publisher=ACB.com |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan ɗan wasa ==
Ana ɗaukar Diop a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa mafi ƙarfi a gasar La Liga ACB kuma wataƙila za a zaɓa shi a matsayin wanda zai yi nasara a gasar NBA a nan gaba. Tsawon lokaci ya kasance matsala ga abokan hamayyarsa, waɗanda suka yi fama da ƙalubalen da suka shafi zaɓe da kuma sake dawowa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hein |first=David |title=Spain youngster Diop taking step in Euroleague |url=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829213224/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |archive-date=29 August 2015 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=FIBA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma san shi da baiwar da yake da ita wadda za ta iya girma zuwa &quot;babban jikin ƙwallon kwando.&quot; Daidaito, aikin ƙafa, da ƙarfi sun kasance ba a taɓa gani ba ga tsakiya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mills |first=Danny |title=Eurohopes Basketball Prospect Ilimane Diop |url=http://www.eurohopes.com/player/1521/ilimane-diop/ |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=EuroHopes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ɗan'uwansa Mamadou shi ma ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne wanda a baya ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Sipaniya kamar yadda yake yi.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>i573tttmtwyekjq9lj9569zmg0w55cw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893136</id>
      <parentid>893135</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:44:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elder55</username>
        <id>44092</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893136</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5978" sha1="iluvnxrm0pyip94xu4obdyz4y82p7yn" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Ilimane Diop Gaye''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne na Básquet Coruña na Primera FEB . Duk da cewa an haife shi a Senegal, Diop yana wakiltar Spain a hukumance lokacin da yake aikin ƙasa da ƙasa tun yana jariri lokacin da iyalinsa suka zauna a Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Ilimane_Diop/Laboral_Kutxa_Vitoria/227853 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A da, ya jagoranci ƙananan ƙungiyoyinsu zuwa lambobin tagulla da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ilimane Diop Player Profile |url=http://basketball.realgm.com/player/Ilimane-Diop/Summary/27832 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=RealGM.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'ar ƙwararru ==
Diop, wanda ya fito daga ƙungiyar Saski Baskonia ta ƙasar Sipaniya, an tura shi aro zuwa ƙungiyar ƙananan ƙungiyoyi don samun lokacin wasa da gogewa. Ya fara buga wa Baskonia wasa a gasar La Liga ACB ta ƙasar Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2013-14.

A matsayin wanda ya fara shiga gasar NBA ta shekarar 2016, ya janye sunansa daga baya. 

A ranar 10 ga Yuli 2021, ya sanya hannu da Gran Canaria na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 July 2021 |title=Herbalife Gran Canaria ink Ilimane Diop |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/herbalife-gran-canaria-ink-ilimane-diop/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 5 ga Yulin shekarar 2022, Gran Canaria ta saki Diop. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2022 |title=Pustovyi, Ennis, Diop y López finalizan su etapa en el Gran Canaria |url=https://cbgrancanaria.net/news/pustovyi-ennis-diop-y-lopez-finalizan-su-etapa-en-el-gran-canaria/ |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=Club Baloncesto Gran Canaria |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Yulin shekarar 2022, ya sanya hannu da UCAM Murcia a gasar La Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=13 July 2022 |title=Ilimane Diop, músculo para el UCAM Murcia CB |url=https://www.ucamdeportes.com/ucamcb/noticias/ilimane-diop-musculo-para-el-ucam-murcia-cb |access-date=11 October 2022 |website=ucamdeportes.com |publisher= |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 20 ga Agustan shekarar 2023, ya sanya hannu da Unicaja na ƙungiyar ACB ta La Liga ta Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=20 August 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Unicaja Malaga |url=https://sportando.basketball/en/ilimane-diop-joins-unicaja-malaga/ |access-date=21 August 2023 |website= |publisher=Sportando |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 4 ga Oktoban shekarar 2023, ya sanya hannu da Filou Oostende na BNXT League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=4 October 2023 |title=Ilimane Diop joins Filou Oostende in the Basketball Champions League |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1561256/ilimane-diop-filou-oostende-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 11 ga Janairun shekarar 2024, ya sanya hannu tare da Lenovo Tenerife na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=11 January 2024 |title=Ilimane Diop moves from Oostende to Tenerife |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/1611328/ilimane-diop-signs-with-tenerife-basketball-champions-league/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website= |publisher=Eurohoops |language=En}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 18 ga Janairun shekarar 2025, Diop ya sanya hannu da Al Riyadh na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Lebanon . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 January 2025 |title=Al Riyadi signs Ilimane Diop, ex Tenerife |url=https://www.asia-basket.com/Lebanon/news/912684/Al-Riyadi-signs-Ilimane-Diop-ex-Tenerife |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Bayan ya lashe lambar tagulla tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18, a ranar 11 ga Yulin shekarar 2016, Diop ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar ƙasa a wasan sada zumunci da aka buga a Burgos da [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Angola|Angola]] . Ya zira kwallaye huɗu kuma ya samu bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida sau uku don yin aiki tare wajen cin nasara da ci 85-61. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2016 |title=Ilimane Diop debuta con la selección española senior |url=http://www.acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811233556/http://acb.com/redaccion.php?id=124180 |archive-date=11 August 2016 |access-date=13 July 2016 |publisher=ACB.com |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan ɗan wasa ==
Ana ɗaukar Diop a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƴan wasa mafi ƙarfi a gasar La Liga ACB kuma wataƙila za a zaɓa shi a matsayin wanda zai yi nasara a gasar NBA a nan gaba. Tsawon lokaci ya kasance matsala ga abokan hamayyarsa, waɗanda suka yi fama da ƙalubalen da suka shafi zaɓe da kuma sake dawowa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hein |first=David |title=Spain youngster Diop taking step in Euroleague |url=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829213224/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/colu/p/newsid/72035/arti.html |archive-date=29 August 2015 |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=FIBA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma san shi da baiwar da yake da ita wadda za ta iya girma zuwa &quot;babban jikin ƙwallon kwando.&quot; Daidaito, aikin ƙafa, da ƙarfi sun kasance ba a taɓa gani ba ga tsakiya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mills |first=Danny |title=Eurohopes Basketball Prospect Ilimane Diop |url=http://www.eurohopes.com/player/1521/ilimane-diop/ |access-date=29 June 2014 |website=EuroHopes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ɗan'uwansa Mamadou shi ma ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne wanda a baya ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Sipaniya kamar yadda yake yi.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>iluvnxrm0pyip94xu4obdyz4y82p7yn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ataque de nervios</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>157534</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893519</id>
      <parentid>857317</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:34:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893519</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2651" sha1="e9ul7d256lqsbc8kgee5ko5msalotrq" xml:space="preserve">'''Ataque de nervios '''
{{databox}}
Wannan yanayi, wanda kuma ake kira “nervous tension”, “mal de pelea” (cutar faɗa), “hyperkinetic seizure”, da kuma “The Puerto Rican Syndrome”, wani nau’in cutar tunani (psychological syndrome) ne da ake yawan danganta shi a Amurka da mutanen da ke magana da Sifaniyanci daga yankin Caribbean, kodayake kuma ana iya samun shi a wasu al’ummomin da suka fito daga al’adun Iberia.

Kalmar “ataque de nervios” ana kuma fassara ta zuwa Turanci a matsayin “attack of nerves” (harin jijiyoyi ko tashin hankali na jijiya).
A cikin mahallin al’adarta, wannan kalma tana nufin wani takamaiman tsarin alamomin cuta, ba kawai jin damuwa ko tashin hankali na yau da kullum ba.

==Clasification==
Duk da cewa ana kwatanta shi da hare-haren tsoro (panic attacks), masu bincike sun gano cewa ataque de nervios wani nau’in cuta daban ne na musamman (separate syndrome), wanda ke da bambance-bambance a cikin matakin jin tsoro (anxiety sensitivity) da kuma nau’o’in hare-haren da ke faruwa.

Marlene Steinberg, wata mai binciken kimiyya a Jami’ar Yale, ta bayyana cewa saboda yana da kamanceceni


==History==
An fara ambaton ataque de nervios ne bayan da jami’an likitancin Amurka suka gudanar da bincike kan lafiyar al’ummomin Hispanic, musamman sojoji da suka kasance Puerto Rican da suka shiga yakin Korean War.

Alamomin da aka bayyana a wannan ganewar cuta sun yi kama da hysteria, wani nau’in cuta da aka dade ana sani tsawon ƙarni da dama.

Saboda ana ɗaukar wannan matsalar a matsayin wadda ke da alaƙa da wani yanki na musamman, likitocin ƙwaƙwalwa na Amurka sun rarraba waɗannan alamomi a matsayin “Puerto Rican syndrome”. Amma wannan sunan na musamman ya sauya yadda aka fara kallon abin da a gaskiya shi ne kwarewa ta yau da kullum ga mutanen Puerto Rico.

Wannan rarrabewa mai matsala ta nuna yadda ra’ayin fifikon al’ada (ethnocentrism) da kuma stigmatization (yin kallon raini ko nuna wariya) suke cikin tsarin likitanci da kiwon lafiya na soja. Hakan kuma yana nuna yadda ikon mulkin mallaka na Amurka ke iya sarrafa al’ummomin da aka ware a gefe.

Har ila yau, al’ummar soja ta yi tasiri mai yawa wajen yadda ake suna da rarraba cututtukan kwakwalwa a cikin Diagnostic and Statistical Manuals (DSM) na American Psychiatric Association (APA), wanda ke nuna yadda tsarin likitancin ƙwaƙwalwa ya yi tasiri sosai a fannin kiwon lafiyar jama’a.


==manazarta==
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&lt;ref&gt; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean &lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Dabarun shakatawa''' (wanda kuma aka sani da '''horar da shakatawa''' ) kowace hanya ce, tsari, tsari, ko aiki da ke taimaka wa mutum ya huta; ya sami yanayin ƙarin kwanciyar hankali ; ko kuma rage matakan zafi, [[Anxiety|damuwa]], [[Damuwa (biology)|damuwa]] ko fushi . Ana amfani da dabarun shakatawa a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban shirin kula da damuwa kuma suna iya rage tashin hankali na tsoka, rage hawan jini, da jinkirin bugun zuciya da numfashi, da sauran fa'idodin lafiya. 

Ana iya amfani da maganin shakatawa, wato amfani da dabarun shakatawa, a wurare daban-daban don ƙara wa magani ga damuwa, damuwa, baƙin ciki, da ciwo. Yana magance tasirin damuwa ta fuskar tunani da ta jiki kamar ƙaruwar bugun zuciya, gumi, da tashin hankali na tsoka.  Akwai bambance-bambancen dabarun shakatawa da yawa, gami da [[Rashin shakatawa na tsoka|shakatawar tsoka mai ci gaba]], horon autogenic, hotunan jagora, shakatawar da aka taimaka wa biofeedback, da sauran dabaru. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Toussaint |first=Loren |last2=Nguyen |first2=Quang Anh |last3=Roettger |first3=Claire |last4=Dixon |first4=Kiara |last5=Offenbächer |first5=Martin |last6=Kohls |first6=Niko |last7=Hirsch |first7=Jameson |last8=Sirois |first8=Fuschia |date=2021-07-02 |editor-last=Taylor-Piliae |editor-first=Ruth |title=Effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Deep Breathing, and Guided Imagery in Promoting Psychological and Physiological States of Relaxation |journal=Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine |language=en |volume=2021 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1155/2021/5924040 |issn=1741-4288 |pmc=8272667 |pmid=34306146 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Biofeedback - Mayo Clinic |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/biofeedback/about/pac-20384664#:~:text=Biofeedback%20helps%20you%20make%20slight,ways%20to%20control%20your%20body. |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=www.mayoclinic.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;jcs&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|edition=Robert L.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saboda haka, dabarun shakatawa suna da amfani ga ko dai ciwon motsin rai da damuwa, fushi, damuwa, da yanayin baƙin ciki ke haifarwa, ko ciwo mai ɗorewa da damuwa ke haifarwa, amfani da tsoka a gefe ɗaya, matsayi mara kyau, ƙuntata motsi a wasu sassan kashin baya, rashin tsari yayin motsa jiki, da kuma yanayin damuwa.  Dabaru da yawa na shakatawa suna da ƙa'ida ta asali don rage tashin hankali na tsoka da rage ciwon jiki ko na hankali. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Dabaru na shakatawa gabaɗaya suna da aminci ga mutane masu lafiya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chou |first=Roger |last2=Deyo |first2=Richard |last3=Friedly |first3=Janna |last4=Skelly |first4=Andrea |last5=Hashimoto |first5=Robin |last6=Weimer |first6=Melissa |last7=Fu |first7=Rochelle |last8=Dana |first8=Tracy |last9=Kraegel |first9=Paul |last10=Griffin |first10=Jessica |last11=Grusing |first11=Sara |last12=Brodt |first12=Erika D. |year=2017 |title=Nonpharmacologic Therapies for Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review for an American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline |journal=Annals of Internal Medicine |volume=166 |issue=7 |pages=493–505 |doi=10.7326/M16-2459 |pmid=28192793 |s2cid=20451068 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai lokutan da mutane suka ba da rahoton mummunan sakamako bayan sun sami dabarun shakatawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Relaxation Techniques for Health |url=https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/relaxation-techniques-what-you-need-to-know |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=NCCIH |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani ==
Masu bincike na yanzu da na baya sun binciki alaƙar da ke tsakanin cututtukan jiki da na hankali ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma sun binciki tasirin dabarun shakatawa. Bitar wallafe-wallafen da ta biyo baya ta gabatar da taƙaitaccen bayani game da sabbin binciken da aka gano, wanda ke ba da tushe don fahimtar dabarun shakatawa.

Claude Bernard, wani masanin kimiyya a shekarar 1865, ya lura cewa kiyaye muhallin cikin gida akai-akai, yanayin cikinmu, lokacin da muke fuskantar canje-canje a muhallin waje da yanayi yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga rayuwa da walwala . 

Bugu da ƙari, masu haifar da damuwa na yau da kullun na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako, kuma sun fi yawa a cikin mutane, wataƙila saboda ƙarfin fahimtarsu mai girma, wanda zai iya haifar da ci gaba da martanin damuwa ga yanayi daban-daban na rayuwa da aiki. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Schneiderman |first=Neil |last2=Ironson |first2=Gail |last3=Siegel |first3=Scott D. |year=2005 |title=Stress and Health: Psychological, Behavioral, and Biological Determinants |journal=Annual Review of Clinical Psychology |volume=1 |pages=607–628 |doi=10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144141 |pmc=2568977 |pmid=17716101}}&lt;/ref&gt; Alaƙar da ke tsakanin masu haifar da damuwa ta psychosocial da rashin lafiya na yau da kullun tana da rikitarwa kuma tana da tasiri ta hanyar abubuwa daban-daban, kamar nau'in, adadi, da tsawon lokacin masu haifar da damuwa, tare da raunin yanayin halittar mutum (kamar kwayoyin halitta da halayen da ke cikinsa) da hanyoyin da suka koya na jurewa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Nazarin da aka yi a baya ya nuna cewa dabarun shakatawa, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga numfashi mai zurfi ba, hotuna masu jagora, tunani, da kuma shakatawar tsoka mai ci gaba, hanyoyi ne masu tasiri don rage damuwa, wanda ke nuna cewa dabarun shakatawa suna da tasiri wajen haɓaka shakatawa ta jiki da ta hankali. 

Binciken da aka fitar a shekarun 1980 ya nuna alaƙa mai ƙarfi tsakanin damuwa da lafiya kuma ya nuna fa'idodi daga fannoni daban-daban na shakatawa fiye da yadda aka sani a da. Wannan binciken ya jawo hankalin kafofin watsa labarai na ƙasa, gami da wani labarin jaridar ''[[New York Times]]'' a shekarar 1986. 

Wani bincike da aka yi kwanan nan ya gano cewa mahalarta da suka yi aikin shakatawar tsoka mai ci gaba, numfashi mai zurfi, da hotuna masu jagora sun sami ƙaruwa mai mahimmanci a cikin shakatawa idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar kulawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Toussaint |first=Loren |last2=Nguyen |first2=Quang Anh |last3=Roettger |first3=Claire |last4=Dixon |first4=Kiara |last5=Offenbächer |first5=Martin |last6=Kohls |first6=Niko |last7=Hirsch |first7=Jameson |last8=Sirois |first8=Fuschia |year=2021 |title=Effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Deep Breathing, and Guided Imagery in Promoting Psychological and Physiological States of Relaxation |journal=Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine |volume=2021 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1155/2021/5924040 |pmc=8272667 |pmid=34306146 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da cewa babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci a matakan shakatawa kafin horo, duk ƙungiyoyin shiga tsakani sun nuna matakan shakatawa mafi girma bayan horo idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar kulawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Bugu da ƙari, akwai alaƙa mai layi tsakanin shakatawar tsoka mai ci gaba &amp; hotunan jagora da shakatawar jiki, yayin da ƙungiyar numfashi mai zurfi da farko ta nuna ƙaruwar motsin jiki kafin ta koma matakan farko cikin sauri. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Waɗannan binciken sun goyi bayan binciken da ake da shi kan ingancin dabarun shakatawa, wanda zai iya inganta yanayin shakatawa ta fuskar tunani da ta jiki.

 
Saboda haka, ana amfani da dabarun shakatawa kuma an tsara su don taimakawa mutane su rage damuwa da damuwa, ta jiki da ta hankali, ta hanyar haifar da &quot;amsar shakatawa&quot; ta jiki, wanda ke da alaƙa da jinkirin numfashi, rage hawan jini, da kuma jinkirin bugun zuciya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Relaxation Techniques for Health |url=https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/relaxation-techniques-what-you-need-to-know |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=NCCIH |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manyan dabarun sune [[Rashin shakatawa na tsoka|shakatawar tsoka mai ci gaba]], horon autogenic, hotunan jagora, da kuma shakatawa mai taimako ta hanyar biofeedback .

== Dabaru ==

=== Ragewar tsoka mai ci gaba (PMR) ===
[[Rashin shakatawa na tsoka|Ragewar tsoka mai ci gaba]] (PMR) tana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman dabarun shakatawa da sauƙin koya da Dr. Edmund Jacobson ya ƙirƙira a shekarun 1920, wanda ya kafa harsashin haɓaka dabarun shakatawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Toussaint |first=Loren |last2=Nguyen |first2=Quang Anh |last3=Roettger |first3=Claire |last4=Dixon |first4=Kiara |last5=Offenbächer |first5=Martin |last6=Kohls |first6=Niko |last7=Hirsch |first7=Jameson |last8=Sirois |first8=Fuschia |date=2021-07-02 |editor-last=Taylor-Piliae |editor-first=Ruth |title=Effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Deep Breathing, and Guided Imagery in Promoting Psychological and Physiological States of Relaxation |journal=Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine |language=en |volume=2021 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1155/2021/5924040 |issn=1741-4288 |pmc=8272667 |pmid=34306146 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ƙunshi sassautawa mai inganci da maimaitawa na ƙungiyoyin tsoka 14 daban-daban kuma an yi amfani da shi don magance damuwa, ciwon kai na tashin hankali, migraines, TMJ, ciwon wuya, rashin barci, matsalar bipolar, damuwa, ciwon baya, hawan jini, da sauransu.  PMR aiki ne mai matakai biyu wanda ya haɗa da ƙirƙirar tashin hankali a cikin takamaiman ƙungiyoyin tsoka sannan a sake shi don gina wayar da kan jama'a game da jin daɗin tashin hankali da annashuwa mai zurfi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=VA.gov {{!}} Veterans Affairs |url=https://www.va.gov/WHOLEHEALTHLIBRARY/tools/progressive-muscle-relaxation.asp |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=www.va.gov |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330183011/https://www.va.gov/WHOLEHEALTHLIBRARY/tools/progressive-muscle-relaxation.asp |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana ba da shawarar a maimaita wannan tsari sau da yawa kuma a yi aiki akai-akai don haifar da annashuwa ta jiki a farkon alamun damuwa.

Bayan fara aikin PMR, ƙungiyoyin tsoka da dama na iya buƙatar ƙarin tausa da annashuwa don cimma matsakaicin tasiri. Dr. Edmund yawanci yana ba da shawarar rage matakin tashin hankali na tsoka don &quot;horar&quot; jiki don amsawa nan take da ci gaba. 

Ana ba da shawarar waɗannan matakai don yin PMR mai tasiri. &lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot;/&gt;

# Da farko, don yin aikin PMR, nemi wuri mai daɗi inda ba za a dame ka ba na tsawon mintuna 10-15.
# Fara da mai da hankali kan kowace ƙungiyar tsoka da kuma ƙara musu ƙarfi na tsawon daƙiƙa biyar yayin da suke numfashi, sannan su saki jiki su huta yayin da suke lura da jin daɗin annashuwa.
# Maimaita wannan tsari ga kowace ƙungiyar tsoka yayin da a hankali ake rage yawan tashin hankali da ake amfani da shi don zurfafa jin daɗin shakatawa.
# Canjawa zuwa ƙungiyar tsoka ta gaba da zarar ka ji annashuwa a cikin na yanzu.
# Ana ba da shawarar a fara daga wani ɓangare na jiki a motsa jiki cikin tsari, kuma kada a riƙe numfashi ko tsokoki masu tauri waɗanda ke haifar da rashin jin daɗi.

=== Hotunan da aka jagoranta ===
Hoto mai jagora (GI) wata dabara ce da aka kafa don rage damuwa da damuwa. Ya ƙunshi maye gurbin tunanin da ke damu da kyawawan hotunan tunani ta hanyar tsarin hulɗar ji da kuma martanin ɗabi'a da na jiki.  Ana jagorantar dabarar ta hanyar malami ko rikodin sauti wanda ke jagorantar mahalarta su yi tunanin yanayi mai natsuwa ko daɗi, wanda galibi ya ƙunshi abubuwan jin daɗi masu yawa kamar sautuka, ƙamshi, da cikakkun bayanai na gani. 

Ta hanyar amfani da hankali sosai da kuma mai da hankali kan takamaiman bayanai game da mahallin, hotunan da aka shirya suna ba wa mutane damar ƙirƙirar hotuna masu haske da na gaske waɗanda ke haifar da ƙarfin fahimtar kasancewa da nutsewa cikin yanayin da aka yi tunanin, wanda ke taimakawa wajen karkatar da hankali daga tunani da ji mara kyau, kuma yana haɓaka jin daɗin annashuwa da natsuwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rees |first=Barbara L. |year=1995 |title=Effect of Relaxation with Guided Imagery on Anxiety, Depression, and Self-Esteem in Primiparas |journal=Journal of Holistic Nursing |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=255–267 |doi=10.1177/089801019501300307 |pmid=7650352 |s2cid=29229003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Idan aka yi amfani da shi tare da shakatawa na tsoka mai ci gaba (PMR), hanyar PMR-GI hanya ce mai matuƙar tasiri don magance alamun tashin zuciya da amai, da kuma inganta lafiyar kwakwalwa ta marasa lafiya gaba ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kapogiannis |first=August |last2=Tsoli |first2=Sofia |last3=Chrousos |first3=George |date=2018-03-01 |title=Investigating the Effects of the Progressive Muscle Relaxation-Guided Imagery Combination on Patients with Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy Treatment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550830717300319 |journal=Explore |language=en |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=137–143 |doi=10.1016/j.explore.2017.10.008 |issn=1550-8307 |pmid=29506956 |s2cid=4923110 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Tsarin halitta vs tsarin GI na gargajiya ====
Nazarin ya gano alaƙa da dama tsakanin fallasa ga muhallin halitta da sakamakon lafiya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kaplan |first=Stephen |date=September 1995 |title=The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0272494495900012 |journal=Journal of Environmental Psychology |language=en |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=169–182 |doi=10.1016/0272-4944(95)90001-2 |s2cid=4993000 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ulrich |first=Roger S. |last2=Simons |first2=Robert F. |last3=Losito |first3=Barbara D. |last4=Fiorito |first4=Evelyn |last5=Miles |first5=Mark A. |last6=Zelson |first6=Michael |date=September 1991 |title=Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0272494405801847 |journal=Journal of Environmental Psychology |language=en |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=201–230 |doi=10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80184-7 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Musamman, akwai shaidu masu ƙarfi da ke haɗa fallasa ga yanayi da haɓakawa a cikin aikin fahimi, aikin kwakwalwa, hawan jini, lafiyar kwakwalwa, aikin jiki, da barci. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jimenez |first=Marcia P. |last2=DeVille |first2=Nicole V. |last3=Elliott |first3=Elise G. |last4=Schiff |first4=Jessica E. |last5=Wilt |first5=Grete E. |last6=Hart |first6=Jaime E. |last7=James |first7=Peter |date=2021-04-30 |title=Associations between Nature Exposure and Health: A Review of the Evidence |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |language=en |volume=18 |issue=9 |page=4790 |doi=10.3390/ijerph18094790 |issn=1660-4601 |pmc=8125471 |pmid=33946197 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, ƙila ba koyaushe zai yiwu a rage alamun damuwa ta hanyar ɓatar da lokaci a wurare na halitta ba, ya danganta da yanayin da mahallin. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nguyen |first=Jessica |last2=Brymer |first2=Eric |date=2018-10-02 |title=Nature-Based Guided Imagery as an Intervention for State Anxiety |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |volume=9 |page=1858 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01858 |issn=1664-1078 |pmc=6176042 |pmid=30333777 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nazarin ya nuna cewa haɗa hanyoyin GI na halitta na iya shawo kan shingen iyakance damar shiga muhallin halitta da haɓaka ingancin hanyoyin GI. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; An nuna cewa dabarun GI na halitta suna da tasiri sosai wajen sarrafa damuwa, yayin da kuma suna ba da fa'idodin kasancewa mai araha da sauƙin samu, suna ba da babban madadin GI na gargajiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

=== Shakatawa mai alaƙa da Biofeedback ===
Biofeedback wata dabara ce da ke ba mutane damar yin canje-canje a jikinsu, kamar sassauta tsokoki, wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen rage radadi da rage tashin hankali. &lt;ref name=&quot;:82&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Biofeedback - Mayo Clinic |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/biofeedback/about/pac-20384664#:~:text=Biofeedback%20helps%20you%20make%20slight,ways%20to%20control%20your%20body. |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=www.mayoclinic.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tare da taimakon na'urar lantarki wadda ke ba da ra'ayi da bayanai na ainihin lokaci kan canje-canje a bugun zuciya, hawan jini, ko tashin hankali na tsoka, mutane za su iya koyon sa ido kan matakin shakatawarsu da kuma gane da kuma daidaita martanin jikinsu ga damuwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:82&quot; /&gt; Masu bincike sun gano dabarun shakatawa masu alaƙa da Biofeedback don rage damuwar gwaji a cikin ɗaliban jinya, rage matsakaicin glucose na jini, A1C, tashin hankali na tsoka, da rage [[hawan jini]] sosai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Prato |first=Catherine A. |last2=Yucha |first2=Carolyn B. |date=March 2013 |title=Biofeedback-Assisted Relaxation Training to Decrease Test Anxiety in Nursing Students |url=https://journals.lww.com/neponline/Abstract/2013/03000/Biofeedback_Assisted_Relaxation_Training_to.3.aspx |journal=Nursing Education Perspectives |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=76–81 |doi=10.5480/1536-5026-34.2.76 |issn=1536-5026 |pmid=23763019 |s2cid=35253272 |url-access=subscription |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=McGinnis |first=Ronald A. |last2=McGrady |first2=Angele |last3=Cox |first3=Stephen A. |last4=Grower-Dowling |first4=Kimber A. |date=2005 |title=Biofeedback-Assisted Relaxation in Type 2 Diabetes |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=28 |issue=9 |pages=2145–2149 |doi=10.2337/diacare.28.9.2145 |pmid=16123481}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Yucha |first=Carolyn B. |last2=Tsai |first2=Pei-Shan |last3=Calderon |first3=Kristine S. |last4=Tian |first4=Lili |date=2005 |title=Biofeedback-assisted Relaxation Training for Essential Hypertension |journal=The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=198–205 |doi=10.1097/00005082-200505000-00012 |pmid=15870591}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sauran dabaru ===
Mutane suna amfani da dabaru daban-daban don inganta yanayin shakatawarsu. Wasu daga cikin hanyoyin ana yin su ne kawai; wasu suna buƙatar taimakon wani mutum (sau da yawa ƙwararren masani); wasu suna buƙatar motsi, wasu suna mai da hankali kan natsuwa; yayin da wasu hanyoyin sun haɗa da abubuwa daban-daban.

Wasu dabarun shakatawa da aka sani da &quot;darussan shakatawa na yau da kullun da na wucin gadi&quot; galibi ana yin su ne yayin zaune ko kwanciya a hankali, ba tare da motsi mai yawa ba, kuma suna ɗauke da &quot;wani matakin janyewa&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;jcs&quot;/&gt; Waɗannan sun haɗa da:

* Horar da kai ta atomatik
* Ra'ayin Rayuwa
* Numfashi mai zurfi
* Hotunan da aka jagoranta
* Hypnosis
* Bimbini
* Pranayama
* [[Rashin shakatawa na tsoka|Sakin tsoka mai ci gaba]]
* Qigong
* ''Amsar Shakatawa''
* Dabarar Tunani Mai Zurfi
* Yoga Nidra
* Zen Yoga

Hanyoyin shakatawa na motsa jiki sun haɗa da [[motsa jiki]] kamar tafiya, aikin lambu, yoga, tai chi, qigong, da sauransu. Wasu nau'ikan aikin jiki suna da amfani wajen haɓaka yanayin annashuwa. Misalan sun haɗa da tausa, acupuncture, hanyar Feldenkrais, myotherapy, da reflexology. 

Ana iya amfani da wasu hanyoyin shakatawa yayin wasu ayyuka, misali, ba da shawara kai tsaye da addu'a . Akalla wani bincike ya nuna cewa sauraron wasu nau'ikan kiɗa, musamman waƙoƙin zamani na zamani da waƙoƙin gargajiya, na iya ƙara jin daɗin da ke tattare da annashuwa, kamar kwanciyar hankali da jin daɗi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|edition=Robert L.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wata dabara da ke ƙara shahara ita ce amfani da tankin ruwa mai iyo wanda ake ajiye ruwan gishirin Epsom a zafin fata don samar da isasshen iyo. Bincike a Amurka da Sweden ya nuna cewa yana da ƙarfi da kuma sassauƙa bayan mintuna ashirin. A wasu lokuta, iyo na iya rage zafi da damuwa kuma an nuna cewa yana fitar da [[endorphins]] .

An nuna cewa har ma da ayyuka masu sauƙi kamar yawo a wurin shakatawa suna taimakawa jin daɗin hutawa, ba tare da la'akari da dalilin farko na ziyarar ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Irvine |first=KN |last2=Warber |first2=SL |last3=Devine-Wright |first3=P |last4=Gaston |first4=K |year=2013 |title=Understanding urban green space as a health resource: A qualitative comparison of visit motivation and derived effects among park users in Sheffield, UK |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=417–42 |doi=10.3390/ijerph10010417 |pmc=3564151 |pmid=23340602 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An gano cewa wani sabon kwas na dabarun shakatawa, wanda aka tsara musamman ga ɗaliban likitanci a jami'o'i, yana da tasiri wajen rage damuwa, gajiya, da baƙin ciki, wanda ke haifar da gagarumin ci gaba a aikin ilimi da kuma ma'aunin da aka kimanta. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wild |first=Katharina |last2=Scholz |first2=Michael |last3=Ropohl |first3=Axel |last4=Bräuer |first4=Lars |last5=Paulsen |first5=Friedrich |last6=Burger |first6=Pascal H. M. |date=2014-12-17 |title=Strategies against Burnout and Anxiety in Medical Education – Implementation and Evaluation of a New Course on Relaxation Techniques (Relacs) for Medical Students |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=9 |issue=12 |bibcode=2014PLoSO...9k4967W |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0114967 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=4269409 |pmid=25517399 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gabatar da wannan kwas ɗin yana da mahimmanci saboda yawan matsalolin kwakwalwa da suka shafi damuwa a cikin ɗaliban likitanci ya fi yawa fiye da na jama'a. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

== Illolin da ke tattare da hakan ==
Gabaɗaya ana ɗaukar dabarun shakatawa lafiya ga mutane masu lafiya, inda yawancin binciken bincike suka ba da rahoton babu wani mummunan sakamako. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chou |first=Roger |last2=Deyo |first2=Richard |last3=Friedly |first3=Janna |last4=Skelly |first4=Andrea |last5=Hashimoto |first5=Robin |last6=Weimer |first6=Melissa |last7=Fu |first7=Rochelle |last8=Dana |first8=Tracy |last9=Kraegel |first9=Paul |last10=Griffin |first10=Jessica |last11=Grusing |first11=Sara |last12=Brodt |first12=Erika D. |year=2017 |title=Nonpharmacologic Therapies for Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review for an American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline |journal=Annals of Internal Medicine |volume=166 |issue=7 |pages=493–505 |doi=10.7326/M16-2459 |pmid=28192793 |s2cid=20451068 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, akwai lokutan da mutane suka ba da rahoton abubuwan da ba su da kyau kamar tashin hankali mai yawa, [[Tunanin da ba a yarda da shi ba|tunanin shiga tsakani]], ko tsoron rasa iko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Goessl |first=V. C. |last2=Curtiss |first2=J. E. |last3=Hofmann |first3=S. G. |year=2017 |title=The effect of heart rate variability biofeedback training on stress and anxiety: A meta-analysis |journal=Psychological Medicine |volume=47 |issue=15 |pages=2578–2586 |doi=10.1017/S0033291717001003 |pmid=28478782 |s2cid=4710497 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Musamman ma, wasu dabarun shakatawa ba za su dace da mutanen da ke da wasu matsalolin lafiya ko na tabin hankali ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hopper |first=Susan I. |last2=Murray |first2=Sherrie L. |last3=Ferrara |first3=Lucille R. |last4=Singleton |first4=Joanne K. |year=2019 |title=Effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing for reducing physiological and psychological stress in adults |journal=JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports |volume=17 |issue=9 |pages=1855–1876 |doi=10.11124/JBISRIR-2017-003848 |pmid=31436595 |s2cid=201275251 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu lokuta masu wuya, waɗannan dabarun na iya ƙara ta'azzara alamun da ake da su. Misali, an sami rahotannin cewa wasu hanyoyin shakatawa na iya haifar da ko ƙara ta'azzara alamun a cikin mutanen da ke fama da farfadiya, cututtukan tabin hankali, ko tarihin cin zarafi ko rauni. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Relaxation Techniques for Health |url=https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/relaxation-techniques-what-you-need-to-know |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=NCCIH |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ricobendazole</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-08T18:33:23Z</timestamp>
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{{Drugbox|IUPAC_name=methyl [6-(propylsulfinyl)-1''H''-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate|image=Ricobendazole.svg|alt=&lt;!--Clinical data--&gt;|tradename=Rycoben|Drugs.com=|pregnancy_AU=&lt;!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --&gt;|pregnancy_US=&lt;!-- A / B            / C / D / X --&gt;|pregnancy_category=|legal_AU=&lt;!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled--&gt;|legal_CA=&lt;!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --&gt;|legal_UK=&lt;!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM --&gt;|legal_US=&lt;!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V --&gt;|legal_status=|routes_of_administration=&lt;!--Pharmacokinetic data--&gt;|bioavailability=|protein_bound=|metabolism=|elimination_half-life=|excretion=&lt;!--Identifiers--&gt;|CAS_number=54029-12-8|ATCvet=|ATC_prefix=|ATC_suffix=|PubChem=83969|DrugBank=DB13871|UNII_Ref=|UNII=J39B52TV34|ChEBI=16959|ChEMBL=1665|ChemSpiderID=75767|KEGG=D07106

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|+ class=&quot;infobox-title&quot; id=&quot;7&quot; |&lt;span title=&quot;International nonproprietary name (INN): &lt;nowiki&amp;gt;Ricobendazole&lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&quot;&gt;Ricobendazole&lt;/span&gt;
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* &lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 97%;&quot;&gt;met''H'' [6- (propylsulfinyl) -1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate&lt;/div&gt;
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* &lt;span title=&quot;precision.fda.gov&quot;&gt;[https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/J39B52TV34 J39B52TV34]&lt;/span&gt;
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* &lt;span title=&quot;www.kegg.jp&quot;&gt;[https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D07106 D07106]&lt;/span&gt;
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* &lt;span title=&quot;www.ebi.ac.uk&quot;&gt;[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:16959 CHEBI:16959]&lt;/span&gt;
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| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span title=&quot;Carbon&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Hydrogen&quot;&gt;H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;15&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Nitrogen&quot;&gt;N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Oxygen&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Sulfur&quot;&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;
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* &lt;span title=&quot;chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)&quot;&gt;[https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=CCCS%28%3DO%29c1ccc2%5BnH%5Dc%28NC%28%3DO%29OC%29nc2c1 Hoton hulɗa]&lt;/span&gt;
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Ricobendazole, kuma aka sani da albendazole S-oxide, babban bakan benzimidazole anthelmintic ne. Babban amfani da shi shine don kare dabbobi daga cututtukan nematode.[1] Ricobendazole shine aikin sulfoxide metabolite na albendazole.

Kamar mebendazole, ricobendazole yana hana tubulin polymerization.

== Samfurin metabolism na albendazole ==
Ana samar da Ricobendazole a cikin nau'o'i da yawa kuma a cikin hanta na mutum lokacin da albendazole ke fuskantar metabolism na farko ta hanyar enzymes albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) (a cytochrome P450 oxidase) ko albendazole monoxygenasis (a flavin-clutin monooxyogenase . &lt;ref name=&quot;Rawden&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rawden |first=Helen C. |last2=Kokwaro |first2=Gilbert O. |last3=Ward |first3=Stephen A. |last4=Edwards |first4=Geoffrey |date=2000 |title=Relative contribution of cytochromes P-450 and flavin-containing monoxygenases to the metabolism of albendazole by human liver microsomes |journal=British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=313–322 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00170.x |pmc=2014938 |pmid=10759686}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Chemical reaction/styles.css&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>9yqerji2fh4i35va7ov7yuetymv65si</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Kungiyar Kimiyya ta Kashe Malaria</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>158786</id>
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      <id>893463</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:01:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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      <origin>893463</origin>
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Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance ('''MESA''') kungiya ce da aka kafa akan binciken da Malaria Eradication Research Agenda (malERA) ta gudanar. &quot;malERA&quot; wani aiki ne da masana kimiyya suka gudanar don gano matakai da bincike na gaba wanda dole ne a yi don kawar da [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]]. An kirkireshi ne bayan taron Malaria a cikin shekara ta 2007, wanda Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates ta shirya, ta sake kafa kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro a matsayin burin dogon lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO INT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Malaria Eradication Research Agenda (malERA) initiative |url=https://www.who.int/malaria/elimination/maleraupdate.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711000213/https://www.who.int/malaria/elimination/maleraupdate.pdf |archive-date=11 July 2017 |publisher=WHO International}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;malERA&quot; an fara ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2008, kuma ya haifar da tsarin bincike da ci gaba wanda aka buga a cikin mujallar PLoS Medicine a cikin 2011. &lt;ref name=&quot;PLOS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MalERA-A Research Agenda for Malaria Education |url=http://collections.plos.org/malera |access-date=10 January 2016 |publisher=PLoS Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa MESA a cikin 2012 don ci gaba da burin malERA ta hanyar bincike da haɓaka hanyoyin yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alliance&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Scientific Alliance for Malaria Eradication |url=http://www.isglobal.org/-/malaria-eradication-scientific-alliance-mesa- |access-date=3 January 2016 |publisher=ISGlobal |archive-date=7 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107013036/http://www.isglobal.org/-/malaria-eradication-scientific-alliance-mesa- |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sakatariyarta tana cikin Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Barcelona .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rabinovich |first=R.N. |last2=Drakeley |first2=C. |last3=Djimde |first3=A.A. |last4=Hall |first4=B. F. |last5=Hay |first5=S.I. |last6=Hemingway |first6=J. |last7=Kaslow |first7=D.C. |last8=Noor |first8=A. |last9=Okumu |first9=F. |last10=Steketee |first10=R. |last11=Tanner |first11=M. |last12=Wells |first12=T.N.C. |last13=Whittaker |first13=M.A. |last14=Winzeler |first14=E.A. |last15=Wirth |first15=D.F. |year=2017 |title=malERA: An updated research agenda for malaria elimination and eradication |journal=PLOS Medicine |volume=14 |issue=11 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002456 |pmc=5708604 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manufofin ==
Kamar yadda aka bayyana a shafin yanar gizon MESA, MESA na da niyyar &quot;ci gaba da kimiyyar kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro ta hanyar samar da al'umma da cibiyar sadaukarwa don bin diddigin bincike, raba albarkatun da suka dace, da nuna misalai na shirye-shiryen kawarwa&quot;. MESA tana yin hakan ta hanyar gabatar da sababbin ra'ayoyi, sarrafa ilimi da bincike, tallafawa ayyukan bincike ta hanyar kudade, da saka idanu kan ci gaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alliance&quot;/&gt;

== Gudanarwa ==
[[Kwamiti|Kwamitin Gudanarwa]] ne ke jagorantar MESA &lt;ref name=&quot;Steering Committee&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MESA Steering Committee |url=http://www.isglobal.org/documents/10179/64729/MESA+Steering+Committee+members+June+2012.pdf/ba6467db-f57c-481e-8499-aefd9fdf5b60 |access-date=10 January 2016 |publisher=ISGlobal |archive-date=2 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402203049/http://www.isglobal.org/documents/10179/64729/MESA+Steering+Committee+members+June+2012.pdf/ba6467db-f57c-481e-8499-aefd9fdf5b60 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Dabarun MESA ce ke jagoranta. Alliance ta kunshi cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na duniya, ƙasashe inda zazzabin cizon sauro babbar matsala ce, da Shirin Malaria na Duniya na WHO. Yawancin kungiyar suna karbar bakuncin Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Barcelona, kuma Alliance tana samun tallafi daga Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates.&lt;ref name=&quot;Governance&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Governance |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/about-us/governance |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Manta Ray Media}}&lt;/ref&gt; MESA ta ƙunshi cibiyoyi 740 a cikin ƙasashe 94 kuma tana da ayyukan 806 da ke ci gaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;MESA track&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MESA Track |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/mesa-track |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayar da gudummawa ==
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin da MESA ke ba da gudummawa ga bincike shine ta hanyar tallafi don ayyukan da za su taimaka wajen yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro. Wadannan ayyukan suna fadawa cikin nau'o'i uku: Shirye-shiryen Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya, Ma'auni na watsawa, da Binciken Ayyuka. Ayyukan suna da matsakaicin shekaru biyu kuma suna aiki tare da matsakaitan kasafin kuɗi na $ 200,000. Jerin tallafi yana samuwa a shafin yanar gizon MESA.&lt;ref name=&quot;Grants&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Grants |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/grants |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi da ayyukan ==
An kirkiro MESA a wani taro na masana zazzabin cizon sauro a Sitges, Spain daga 28-29 Mayu 2012. 

A cikin 2012, MESA ta fara tsari don zaɓar ayyukan bincike na kimiyya da ke hulɗa da auna yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro da shirya tsarin kiwon lafiya don yaki da zazzabin sauro. An zaɓi ayyukan shida duka don karɓar kuɗi daga MESA kuma an tallafa wa wani don tara kuɗi daga wasu kungiyoyi. Ayyukan suna gudanar da bincike a Afirka, Asiya, Latin Amurka, da Australasia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alliance&quot;/&gt;

A cikin 2014, an zaɓi sabbin ayyukan hudu. Wadannan ayyukan sun hada da: sabbin kayan aiki don kula da vector da ganewar asali, amfani da sa ido da fasahar taswirar amsawa, da aikace-aikacen hannu don wahalar isa ga jama'a. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2022}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

A watan Yunin 2015, MESA ta jagoranci wani tsari da ake kira &quot;malERA Refresh&quot; don sake dubawa da sabunta malERA. Wannan aikin yana nazarin batutuwa daban-daban guda 6: &quot;kimiyya ta asali da fasahar ba da damar, maganin kwari da juriya ta miyagun ƙwayoyi, nuna alamar tafkin da auna watsawa, kayan aiki don kawarwa, haɗuwa da shiga tsakani da ƙira, tsarin kiwon lafiya da bincike na manufofi. &quot; &quot; &quot; MalERA&quot; Ana sa ran sake farfadowa zai cika kuma yana samuwa don bugawa a ƙarshen 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;Refresh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 Nov 2016 |title=malERA Refresh: Updating the Malaria Eradication Research Agenda |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/knowledge-hub/malera-refresh-updating-malaria-eradication-research-agenda |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Manta Ray Media }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sauran ayyukan yanzu sun haɗa da burin MESA na kawar da ''Plasmodium falciparum'' da ''Plasmodium vivax'' a kasar Sin a shekarar 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;China&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The People's Republic of China |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/elimination-programmes/peoples-republic-china |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Manta Ray Media |archive-date=23 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223105055/http://www.malariaeradication.org/elimination-programmes/peoples-republic-china |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abokan hulɗa ==
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== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist|30em}}{{Eradication of infectious disease}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance ('''MESA''') Ƙungiya ce da aka kafa akan binciken da Malaria Eradication Research Agenda (malERA) ta gudanar. &quot;malERA&quot; wani aiki ne da masana kimiyya suka gudanar don gano matakai da bincike na gaba wanda dole ne a yi don kawar da [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]]. An kirkireshi ne bayan taron Malaria a cikin shekara ta 2007, wanda Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates ta shirya, ta sake kafa kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro a matsayin burin dogon lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO INT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Malaria Eradication Research Agenda (malERA) initiative |url=https://www.who.int/malaria/elimination/maleraupdate.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711000213/https://www.who.int/malaria/elimination/maleraupdate.pdf |archive-date=11 July 2017 |publisher=WHO International}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;malERA&quot; an fara ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2008, kuma ya haifar da tsarin bincike da ci gaba wanda aka buga a cikin mujallar PLoS Medicine a cikin 2011. &lt;ref name=&quot;PLOS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MalERA-A Research Agenda for Malaria Education |url=http://collections.plos.org/malera |access-date=10 January 2016 |publisher=PLoS Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa MESA a cikin 2012 don ci gaba da burin malERA ta hanyar bincike da haɓaka hanyoyin yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alliance&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Scientific Alliance for Malaria Eradication |url=http://www.isglobal.org/-/malaria-eradication-scientific-alliance-mesa- |access-date=3 January 2016 |publisher=ISGlobal |archive-date=7 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107013036/http://www.isglobal.org/-/malaria-eradication-scientific-alliance-mesa- |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sakatariyarta tana cikin Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Barcelona .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rabinovich |first=R.N. |last2=Drakeley |first2=C. |last3=Djimde |first3=A.A. |last4=Hall |first4=B. F. |last5=Hay |first5=S.I. |last6=Hemingway |first6=J. |last7=Kaslow |first7=D.C. |last8=Noor |first8=A. |last9=Okumu |first9=F. |last10=Steketee |first10=R. |last11=Tanner |first11=M. |last12=Wells |first12=T.N.C. |last13=Whittaker |first13=M.A. |last14=Winzeler |first14=E.A. |last15=Wirth |first15=D.F. |year=2017 |title=malERA: An updated research agenda for malaria elimination and eradication |journal=PLOS Medicine |volume=14 |issue=11 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002456 |pmc=5708604 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manufofin ==
Kamar yadda aka bayyana a shafin yanar gizon MESA, MESA na da niyyar &quot;ci gaba da kimiyyar kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro ta hanyar samar da al'umma da cibiyar sadaukarwa don bin diddigin bincike, raba albarkatun da suka dace, da nuna misalai na shirye-shiryen kawarwa&quot;. MESA tana yin hakan ta hanyar gabatar da sababbin ra'ayoyi, sarrafa ilimi da bincike, tallafawa ayyukan bincike ta hanyar kudade, da saka idanu kan ci gaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alliance&quot;/&gt;

== Gudanarwa ==
[[Kwamiti|Kwamitin Gudanarwa]] ne ke jagorantar MESA &lt;ref name=&quot;Steering Committee&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MESA Steering Committee |url=http://www.isglobal.org/documents/10179/64729/MESA+Steering+Committee+members+June+2012.pdf/ba6467db-f57c-481e-8499-aefd9fdf5b60 |access-date=10 January 2016 |publisher=ISGlobal |archive-date=2 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402203049/http://www.isglobal.org/documents/10179/64729/MESA+Steering+Committee+members+June+2012.pdf/ba6467db-f57c-481e-8499-aefd9fdf5b60 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Dabarun MESA ce ke jagoranta. Alliance ta kunshi cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na duniya, ƙasashe inda zazzabin cizon sauro babbar matsala ce, da Shirin Malaria na Duniya na WHO. Yawancin kungiyar suna karbar bakuncin Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Barcelona, kuma Alliance tana samun tallafi daga Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates.&lt;ref name=&quot;Governance&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Governance |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/about-us/governance |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Manta Ray Media}}&lt;/ref&gt; MESA ta ƙunshi cibiyoyi 740 a cikin ƙasashe 94 kuma tana da ayyukan 806 da ke ci gaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;MESA track&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MESA Track |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/mesa-track |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayar da gudummawa ==
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin da MESA ke ba da gudummawa ga bincike shine ta hanyar tallafi don ayyukan da za su taimaka wajen yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro. Wadannan ayyukan suna fadawa cikin nau'o'i uku: Shirye-shiryen Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya, Ma'auni na watsawa, da Binciken Ayyuka. Ayyukan suna da matsakaicin shekaru biyu kuma suna aiki tare da matsakaitan kasafin kuɗi na $ 200,000. Jerin tallafi yana samuwa a shafin yanar gizon MESA.&lt;ref name=&quot;Grants&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Grants |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/grants |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi da ayyukan ==
An kirkiro MESA a wani taro na masana zazzabin cizon sauro a Sitges, Spain daga 28-29 Mayu 2012. 

A cikin 2012, MESA ta fara tsari don zaɓar ayyukan bincike na kimiyya da ke hulɗa da auna yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro da shirya tsarin kiwon lafiya don yaki da zazzabin sauro. An zaɓi ayyukan shida duka don karɓar kuɗi daga MESA kuma an tallafa wa wani don tara kuɗi daga wasu kungiyoyi. Ayyukan suna gudanar da bincike a Afirka, Asiya, Latin Amurka, da Australasia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alliance&quot;/&gt;

A cikin 2014, an zaɓi sabbin ayyukan hudu. Wadannan ayyukan sun hada da: sabbin kayan aiki don kula da vector da ganewar asali, amfani da sa ido da fasahar taswirar amsawa, da aikace-aikacen hannu don wahalar isa ga jama'a. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2022}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

A watan Yunin 2015, MESA ta jagoranci wani tsari da ake kira &quot;malERA Refresh&quot; don sake dubawa da sabunta malERA. Wannan aikin yana nazarin batutuwa daban-daban guda 6: &quot;kimiyya ta asali da fasahar ba da damar, maganin kwari da juriya ta miyagun ƙwayoyi, nuna alamar tafkin da auna watsawa, kayan aiki don kawarwa, haɗuwa da shiga tsakani da ƙira, tsarin kiwon lafiya da bincike na manufofi. &quot; &quot; &quot; MalERA&quot; Ana sa ran sake farfadowa zai cika kuma yana samuwa don bugawa a ƙarshen 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;Refresh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 Nov 2016 |title=malERA Refresh: Updating the Malaria Eradication Research Agenda |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/knowledge-hub/malera-refresh-updating-malaria-eradication-research-agenda |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Manta Ray Media }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sauran ayyukan yanzu sun haɗa da burin MESA na kawar da ''Plasmodium falciparum'' da ''Plasmodium vivax'' a kasar Sin a shekarar 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;China&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The People's Republic of China |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/elimination-programmes/peoples-republic-china |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Manta Ray Media |archive-date=23 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223105055/http://www.malariaeradication.org/elimination-programmes/peoples-republic-china |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abokan hulɗa ==
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== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist|30em}}{{Eradication of infectious disease}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance ('''MESA''') Ƙungiya ce da aka kafa akan binciken da Malaria Eradication Research Agenda (malERA) ta gudanar. &quot;malERA&quot; wani aiki ne da masana kimiyya suka gudanar don gano matakai da bincike na gaba wanda dole ne a yi don kawar da [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]]. An kirkireshi ne bayan taron Malaria a cikin shekara ta 2007, wanda Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates ta shirya, ta sake kafa kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro a matsayin burin dogon lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO INT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Malaria Eradication Research Agenda (malERA) initiative |url=https://www.who.int/malaria/elimination/maleraupdate.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711000213/https://www.who.int/malaria/elimination/maleraupdate.pdf |archive-date=11 July 2017 |publisher=WHO International}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;malERA&quot; an fara ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2008, kuma ya haifar da tsarin bincike da ci gaba wanda aka buga a cikin mujallar PLoS Medicine a cikin 2011. &lt;ref name=&quot;PLOS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MalERA-A Research Agenda for Malaria Education |url=http://collections.plos.org/malera |access-date=10 January 2016 |publisher=PLoS Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa MESA a cikin 2012 don ci gaba da burin malERA ta hanyar bincike da haɓaka hanyoyin yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alliance&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Scientific Alliance for Malaria Eradication |url=http://www.isglobal.org/-/malaria-eradication-scientific-alliance-mesa- |access-date=3 January 2016 |publisher=ISGlobal |archive-date=7 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107013036/http://www.isglobal.org/-/malaria-eradication-scientific-alliance-mesa- |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sakatariyarta tana cikin Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Barcelona .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rabinovich |first=R.N. |last2=Drakeley |first2=C. |last3=Djimde |first3=A.A. |last4=Hall |first4=B. F. |last5=Hay |first5=S.I. |last6=Hemingway |first6=J. |last7=Kaslow |first7=D.C. |last8=Noor |first8=A. |last9=Okumu |first9=F. |last10=Steketee |first10=R. |last11=Tanner |first11=M. |last12=Wells |first12=T.N.C. |last13=Whittaker |first13=M.A. |last14=Winzeler |first14=E.A. |last15=Wirth |first15=D.F. |year=2017 |title=malERA: An updated research agenda for malaria elimination and eradication |journal=PLOS Medicine |volume=14 |issue=11 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002456 |pmc=5708604 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manufofin ==
Kamar yadda aka bayyana a shafin yanar gizon MESA, MESA na da niyyar &quot;ci gaba da kimiyyar kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro ta hanyar samar da al'umma da cibiyar sadaukarwa don bin diddigin bincike, raba albarkatun da suka dace, da nuna misalai na shirye-shiryen kawarwa&quot;. MESA tana yin hakan ta hanyar gabatar da sababbin ra'ayoyi, sarrafa ilimi da bincike, tallafawa ayyukan bincike ta hanyar kudade, da saka idanu kan ci gaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alliance&quot;/&gt;

== Gudanarwa ==
[[Kwamiti|Kwamitin Gudanarwa]] ne ke jagorantar MESA &lt;ref name=&quot;Steering Committee&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MESA Steering Committee |url=http://www.isglobal.org/documents/10179/64729/MESA+Steering+Committee+members+June+2012.pdf/ba6467db-f57c-481e-8499-aefd9fdf5b60 |access-date=10 January 2016 |publisher=ISGlobal |archive-date=2 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402203049/http://www.isglobal.org/documents/10179/64729/MESA+Steering+Committee+members+June+2012.pdf/ba6467db-f57c-481e-8499-aefd9fdf5b60 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Dabarun MESA ce ke jagoranta. Alliance ta kunshi cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na duniya, ƙasashe inda zazzabin cizon sauro babbar matsala ce, da Shirin Malaria na Duniya na WHO. Yawancin kungiyar suna karbar bakuncin Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Barcelona, kuma Alliance tana samun tallafi daga Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates.&lt;ref name=&quot;Governance&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Governance |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/about-us/governance |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Manta Ray Media}}&lt;/ref&gt; MESA ta ƙunshi cibiyoyi 740 a cikin ƙasashe 94 kuma tana da ayyukan 806 da ke ci gaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;MESA track&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MESA Track |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/mesa-track |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayar da gudummawa ==
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin da MESA ke ba da gudummawa ga bincike shine ta hanyar tallafi don ayyukan da za su taimaka wajen yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro. Wadannan ayyukan suna fadawa cikin nau'o'i uku: Shirye-shiryen Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya, Ma'auni na watsawa, da Binciken Ayyuka. Ayyukan suna da matsakaicin shekaru biyu kuma suna aiki tare da matsakaitan kasafin kuɗi na $ 200,000. Jerin tallafi yana samuwa a shafin yanar gizon MESA.&lt;ref name=&quot;Grants&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Grants |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/grants |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi da ayyukan ==
An kirkiro MESA a wani taro na masana zazzabin cizon sauro a Sitges, Spain daga 28-29 Mayun shekarar 2012. 

A cikin 2012, MESA ta fara tsari don zaɓar ayyukan bincike na kimiyya da ke hulɗa da auna yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro da shirya tsarin kiwon lafiya don yaki da zazzabin sauro. An zaɓi ayyukan shida duka don karɓar kuɗi daga MESA kuma an tallafa wa wani don tara kuɗi daga wasu kungiyoyi. Ayyukan suna gudanar da bincike a Afirka, Asiya, Latin Amurka, da Australasia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alliance&quot;/&gt;

A cikin 2014, an zaɓi sabbin ayyukan hudu. Wadannan ayyukan sun hada da: sabbin kayan aiki don kula da vector da ganewar asali, amfani da sa ido da fasahar taswirar amsawa, da aikace-aikacen hannu don wahalar isa ga jama'a. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2022}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

A watan Yunin 2015, MESA ta jagoranci wani tsari da ake kira &quot;malERA Refresh&quot; don sake dubawa da sabunta malERA. Wannan aikin yana nazarin batutuwa daban-daban guda 6: &quot;kimiyya ta asali da fasahar ba da damar, maganin kwari da juriya ta miyagun ƙwayoyi, nuna alamar tafkin da auna watsawa, kayan aiki don kawarwa, haɗuwa da shiga tsakani da ƙira, tsarin kiwon lafiya da bincike na manufofi. &quot; &quot; &quot; MalERA&quot; Ana sa ran sake farfadowa zai cika kuma yana samuwa don bugawa a ƙarshen 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;Refresh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 Nov 2016 |title=malERA Refresh: Updating the Malaria Eradication Research Agenda |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/knowledge-hub/malera-refresh-updating-malaria-eradication-research-agenda |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Manta Ray Media }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sauran ayyukan yanzu sun haɗa da burin MESA na kawar da ''Plasmodium falciparum'' da ''Plasmodium vivax'' a kasar Sin a shekarar 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;China&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The People's Republic of China |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/elimination-programmes/peoples-republic-china |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Manta Ray Media |archive-date=23 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223105055/http://www.malariaeradication.org/elimination-programmes/peoples-republic-china |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abokan hulɗa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Div col/styles.css&quot; /&gt; 

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist|30em}}{{Eradication of infectious disease}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
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      <text bytes="7596" sha1="6nvi16wqsidra8kkp1pjemuprydlkkh" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance ('''MESA''') Ƙungiya ce da aka kafa akan binciken da Malaria Eradication Research Agenda (malERA) ta gudanar. &quot;malERA&quot; wani aiki ne da masana kimiyya suka gudanar don gano matakai da bincike na gaba wanda dole ne a yi don kawar da [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]]. An kirkireshi ne bayan taron Malaria a cikin shekara ta 2007, wanda Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates ta shirya, ta sake kafa kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro a matsayin burin dogon lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO INT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Malaria Eradication Research Agenda (malERA) initiative |url=https://www.who.int/malaria/elimination/maleraupdate.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711000213/https://www.who.int/malaria/elimination/maleraupdate.pdf |archive-date=11 July 2017 |publisher=WHO International}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;malERA&quot; an fara ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2008, kuma ya haifar da tsarin bincike da ci gaba wanda aka buga a cikin mujallar PLoS Medicine a cikin 2011. &lt;ref name=&quot;PLOS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MalERA-A Research Agenda for Malaria Education |url=http://collections.plos.org/malera |access-date=10 January 2016 |publisher=PLoS Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa MESA a cikin 2012 don ci gaba da burin malERA ta hanyar bincike da haɓaka hanyoyin yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alliance&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Scientific Alliance for Malaria Eradication |url=http://www.isglobal.org/-/malaria-eradication-scientific-alliance-mesa- |access-date=3 January 2016 |publisher=ISGlobal |archive-date=7 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107013036/http://www.isglobal.org/-/malaria-eradication-scientific-alliance-mesa- |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sakatariyarta tana cikin Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Barcelona .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rabinovich |first=R.N. |last2=Drakeley |first2=C. |last3=Djimde |first3=A.A. |last4=Hall |first4=B. F. |last5=Hay |first5=S.I. |last6=Hemingway |first6=J. |last7=Kaslow |first7=D.C. |last8=Noor |first8=A. |last9=Okumu |first9=F. |last10=Steketee |first10=R. |last11=Tanner |first11=M. |last12=Wells |first12=T.N.C. |last13=Whittaker |first13=M.A. |last14=Winzeler |first14=E.A. |last15=Wirth |first15=D.F. |year=2017 |title=malERA: An updated research agenda for malaria elimination and eradication |journal=PLOS Medicine |volume=14 |issue=11 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002456 |pmc=5708604 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manufofin ==
Kamar yadda aka bayyana a shafin yanar gizon MESA, MESA na da niyyar &quot;ci gaba da kimiyyar kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro ta hanyar samar da al'umma da cibiyar sadaukarwa don bin diddigin bincike, raba albarkatun da suka dace, da nuna misalai na shirye-shiryen kawarwa&quot;. MESA tana yin hakan ta hanyar gabatar da sababbin ra'ayoyi, sarrafa ilimi da bincike, tallafawa ayyukan bincike ta hanyar kudade, da saka idanu kan ci gaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alliance&quot;/&gt;

== Gudanarwa ==
[[Kwamiti|Kwamitin Gudanarwa]] ne ke jagorantar MESA &lt;ref name=&quot;Steering Committee&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MESA Steering Committee |url=http://www.isglobal.org/documents/10179/64729/MESA+Steering+Committee+members+June+2012.pdf/ba6467db-f57c-481e-8499-aefd9fdf5b60 |access-date=10 January 2016 |publisher=ISGlobal |archive-date=2 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402203049/http://www.isglobal.org/documents/10179/64729/MESA+Steering+Committee+members+June+2012.pdf/ba6467db-f57c-481e-8499-aefd9fdf5b60 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Dabarun MESA ce ke jagoranta. Alliance ta kunshi cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na duniya, ƙasashe inda zazzabin cizon sauro babbar matsala ce, da Shirin Malaria na Duniya na WHO. Yawancin kungiyar suna karbar bakuncin Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Barcelona, kuma Alliance tana samun tallafi daga Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates.&lt;ref name=&quot;Governance&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Governance |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/about-us/governance |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Manta Ray Media}}&lt;/ref&gt; MESA ta ƙunshi cibiyoyi 740 a cikin ƙasashe 94 kuma tana da ayyukan 806 da ke ci gaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;MESA track&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MESA Track |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/mesa-track |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayar da gudummawa ==
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin da MESA ke ba da gudummawa ga bincike shine ta hanyar tallafi don ayyukan da za su taimaka wajen yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro. Wadannan ayyukan suna fadawa cikin nau'o'i uku: Shirye-shiryen Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya, Ma'auni na watsawa, da Binciken Ayyuka. Ayyukan suna da matsakaicin shekaru biyu kuma suna aiki tare da matsakaitan kasafin kuɗi na $ 200,000. Jerin tallafi yana samuwa a shafin yanar gizon MESA.&lt;ref name=&quot;Grants&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Grants |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/grants |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi da ayyukan ==
An kirkiro MESA a wani taro na masana zazzabin cizon sauro a Sitges, Spain daga 28-29 Mayun shekarar 2012. 

A cikin shekarar 2012, MESA ta fara tsari don zaɓar ayyukan bincike na kimiyya da ke hulɗa da auna yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro da shirya tsarin kiwon lafiya don yaki da zazzabin sauro. An zaɓi ayyukan shida duka don karɓar kuɗi daga MESA kuma an tallafa wa wani don tara kuɗi daga wasu kungiyoyi. Ayyukan suna gudanar da bincike a Afirka, Asiya, Latin Amurka, da Australasia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alliance&quot;/&gt;

A cikin 2014, an zaɓi sabbin ayyukan hudu. Wadannan ayyukan sun hada da: sabbin kayan aiki don kula da vector da ganewar asali, amfani da sa ido da fasahar taswirar amsawa, da aikace-aikacen hannu don wahalar isa ga jama'a. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2022}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

A watan Yunin 2015, MESA ta jagoranci wani tsari da ake kira &quot;malERA Refresh&quot; don sake dubawa da sabunta malERA. Wannan aikin yana nazarin batutuwa daban-daban guda 6: &quot;kimiyya ta asali da fasahar ba da damar, maganin kwari da juriya ta miyagun ƙwayoyi, nuna alamar tafkin da auna watsawa, kayan aiki don kawarwa, haɗuwa da shiga tsakani da ƙira, tsarin kiwon lafiya da bincike na manufofi. &quot; &quot; &quot; MalERA&quot; Ana sa ran sake farfadowa zai cika kuma yana samuwa don bugawa a ƙarshen 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;Refresh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 Nov 2016 |title=malERA Refresh: Updating the Malaria Eradication Research Agenda |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/knowledge-hub/malera-refresh-updating-malaria-eradication-research-agenda |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Manta Ray Media }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sauran ayyukan yanzu sun haɗa da burin MESA na kawar da ''Plasmodium falciparum'' da ''Plasmodium vivax'' a kasar Sin a shekarar 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;China&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The People's Republic of China |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/elimination-programmes/peoples-republic-china |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Manta Ray Media |archive-date=23 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223105055/http://www.malariaeradication.org/elimination-programmes/peoples-republic-china |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abokan hulɗa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Div col/styles.css&quot; /&gt; 

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist|30em}}{{Eradication of infectious disease}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>893467</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
        <id>44090</id>
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      <origin>893467</origin>
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      <text bytes="7605" sha1="d8s3uk4bp9bxwns6kk61cg2yl4o8vf5" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance ('''MESA''') Ƙungiya ce da aka kafa akan binciken da Malaria Eradication Research Agenda (malERA) ta gudanar. &quot;malERA&quot; wani aiki ne da masana kimiyya suka gudanar don gano matakai da bincike na gaba wanda dole ne a yi don kawar da [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]]. An kirkireshi ne bayan taron Malaria a cikin shekara ta 2007, wanda Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates ta shirya, ta sake kafa kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro a matsayin burin dogon lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO INT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Malaria Eradication Research Agenda (malERA) initiative |url=https://www.who.int/malaria/elimination/maleraupdate.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711000213/https://www.who.int/malaria/elimination/maleraupdate.pdf |archive-date=11 July 2017 |publisher=WHO International}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;malERA&quot; an fara ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2008, kuma ya haifar da tsarin bincike da ci gaba wanda aka buga a cikin mujallar PLoS Medicine a cikin 2011. &lt;ref name=&quot;PLOS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MalERA-A Research Agenda for Malaria Education |url=http://collections.plos.org/malera |access-date=10 January 2016 |publisher=PLoS Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa MESA a cikin 2012 don ci gaba da burin malERA ta hanyar bincike da haɓaka hanyoyin yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alliance&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Scientific Alliance for Malaria Eradication |url=http://www.isglobal.org/-/malaria-eradication-scientific-alliance-mesa- |access-date=3 January 2016 |publisher=ISGlobal |archive-date=7 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107013036/http://www.isglobal.org/-/malaria-eradication-scientific-alliance-mesa- |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sakatariyarta tana cikin Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Barcelona .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rabinovich |first=R.N. |last2=Drakeley |first2=C. |last3=Djimde |first3=A.A. |last4=Hall |first4=B. F. |last5=Hay |first5=S.I. |last6=Hemingway |first6=J. |last7=Kaslow |first7=D.C. |last8=Noor |first8=A. |last9=Okumu |first9=F. |last10=Steketee |first10=R. |last11=Tanner |first11=M. |last12=Wells |first12=T.N.C. |last13=Whittaker |first13=M.A. |last14=Winzeler |first14=E.A. |last15=Wirth |first15=D.F. |year=2017 |title=malERA: An updated research agenda for malaria elimination and eradication |journal=PLOS Medicine |volume=14 |issue=11 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002456 |pmc=5708604 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manufofin ==
Kamar yadda aka bayyana a shafin yanar gizon MESA, MESA na da niyyar &quot;ci gaba da kimiyyar kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro ta hanyar samar da al'umma da cibiyar sadaukarwa don bin diddigin bincike, raba albarkatun da suka dace, da nuna misalai na shirye-shiryen kawarwa&quot;. MESA tana yin hakan ta hanyar gabatar da sababbin ra'ayoyi, sarrafa ilimi da bincike, tallafawa ayyukan bincike ta hanyar kudade, da saka idanu kan ci gaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alliance&quot;/&gt;

== Gudanarwa ==
[[Kwamiti|Kwamitin Gudanarwa]] ne ke jagorantar MESA &lt;ref name=&quot;Steering Committee&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MESA Steering Committee |url=http://www.isglobal.org/documents/10179/64729/MESA+Steering+Committee+members+June+2012.pdf/ba6467db-f57c-481e-8499-aefd9fdf5b60 |access-date=10 January 2016 |publisher=ISGlobal |archive-date=2 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402203049/http://www.isglobal.org/documents/10179/64729/MESA+Steering+Committee+members+June+2012.pdf/ba6467db-f57c-481e-8499-aefd9fdf5b60 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Dabarun MESA ce ke jagoranta. Alliance ta kunshi cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na duniya, ƙasashe inda zazzabin cizon sauro babbar matsala ce, da Shirin Malaria na Duniya na WHO. Yawancin kungiyar suna karbar bakuncin Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Barcelona, kuma Alliance tana samun tallafi daga Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates.&lt;ref name=&quot;Governance&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Governance |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/about-us/governance |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Manta Ray Media}}&lt;/ref&gt; MESA ta ƙunshi cibiyoyi 740 a cikin ƙasashe 94 kuma tana da ayyukan 806 da ke ci gaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;MESA track&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MESA Track |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/mesa-track |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayar da gudummawa ==
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin da MESA ke ba da gudummawa ga bincike shine ta hanyar tallafi don ayyukan da za su taimaka wajen yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro. Wadannan ayyukan suna fadawa cikin nau'o'i uku: Shirye-shiryen Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya, Ma'auni na watsawa, da Binciken Ayyuka. Ayyukan suna da matsakaicin shekaru biyu kuma suna aiki tare da matsakaitan kasafin kuɗi na $ 200,000. Jerin tallafi yana samuwa a shafin yanar gizon MESA.&lt;ref name=&quot;Grants&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Grants |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/grants |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi da ayyukan ==
An kirkiro MESA a wani taro na masana zazzabin cizon sauro a Sitges, Spain daga 28-29 Mayun shekarar 2012. 

A cikin shekarar 2012, MESA ta fara tsari don zaɓar ayyukan bincike na kimiyya da ke hulɗa da auna yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro da shirya tsarin kiwon lafiya don yaki da zazzabin sauro. An zaɓi ayyukan shida duka don karɓar kuɗi daga MESA kuma an tallafa wa wani don tara kuɗi daga wasu kungiyoyi. Ayyukan suna gudanar da bincike a Afirka, Asiya, Latin Amurka, da Australasia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alliance&quot;/&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2014, an zaɓi sabbin ayyukan hudu. Wadannan ayyukan sun hada da: sabbin kayan aiki don kula da vector da ganewar asali, amfani da sa ido da fasahar taswirar amsawa, da aikace-aikacen hannu don wahalar isa ga jama'a. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2022}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

A watan Yunin 2015, MESA ta jagoranci wani tsari da ake kira &quot;malERA Refresh&quot; don sake dubawa da sabunta malERA. Wannan aikin yana nazarin batutuwa daban-daban guda 6: &quot;kimiyya ta asali da fasahar ba da damar, maganin kwari da juriya ta miyagun ƙwayoyi, nuna alamar tafkin da auna watsawa, kayan aiki don kawarwa, haɗuwa da shiga tsakani da ƙira, tsarin kiwon lafiya da bincike na manufofi. &quot; &quot; &quot; MalERA&quot; Ana sa ran sake farfadowa zai cika kuma yana samuwa don bugawa a ƙarshen 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;Refresh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 Nov 2016 |title=malERA Refresh: Updating the Malaria Eradication Research Agenda |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/knowledge-hub/malera-refresh-updating-malaria-eradication-research-agenda |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Manta Ray Media }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sauran ayyukan yanzu sun haɗa da burin MESA na kawar da ''Plasmodium falciparum'' da ''Plasmodium vivax'' a kasar Sin a shekarar 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;China&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The People's Republic of China |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/elimination-programmes/peoples-republic-china |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Manta Ray Media |archive-date=23 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223105055/http://www.malariaeradication.org/elimination-programmes/peoples-republic-china |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abokan hulɗa ==
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== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist|30em}}{{Eradication of infectious disease}}
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Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance ('''MESA''') Ƙungiya ce da aka kafa akan binciken da Malaria Eradication Research Agenda (malERA) ta gudanar. &quot;malERA&quot; wani aiki ne da masana kimiyya suka gudanar don gano matakai da bincike na gaba wanda dole ne a yi don kawar da [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]]. An kirkireshi ne bayan taron Malaria a cikin shekara ta 2007, wanda Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates ta shirya, ta sake kafa kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro a matsayin burin dogon lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO INT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Malaria Eradication Research Agenda (malERA) initiative |url=https://www.who.int/malaria/elimination/maleraupdate.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711000213/https://www.who.int/malaria/elimination/maleraupdate.pdf |archive-date=11 July 2017 |publisher=WHO International}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;malERA&quot; an fara ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2008, kuma ya haifar da tsarin bincike da ci gaba wanda aka buga a cikin mujallar PLoS Medicine a cikin 2011. &lt;ref name=&quot;PLOS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MalERA-A Research Agenda for Malaria Education |url=http://collections.plos.org/malera |access-date=10 January 2016 |publisher=PLoS Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa MESA a cikin 2012 don ci gaba da burin malERA ta hanyar bincike da haɓaka hanyoyin yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alliance&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Scientific Alliance for Malaria Eradication |url=http://www.isglobal.org/-/malaria-eradication-scientific-alliance-mesa- |access-date=3 January 2016 |publisher=ISGlobal |archive-date=7 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107013036/http://www.isglobal.org/-/malaria-eradication-scientific-alliance-mesa- |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sakatariyarta tana cikin Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Barcelona .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rabinovich |first=R.N. |last2=Drakeley |first2=C. |last3=Djimde |first3=A.A. |last4=Hall |first4=B. F. |last5=Hay |first5=S.I. |last6=Hemingway |first6=J. |last7=Kaslow |first7=D.C. |last8=Noor |first8=A. |last9=Okumu |first9=F. |last10=Steketee |first10=R. |last11=Tanner |first11=M. |last12=Wells |first12=T.N.C. |last13=Whittaker |first13=M.A. |last14=Winzeler |first14=E.A. |last15=Wirth |first15=D.F. |year=2017 |title=malERA: An updated research agenda for malaria elimination and eradication |journal=PLOS Medicine |volume=14 |issue=11 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002456 |pmc=5708604 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manufofin ==
Kamar yadda aka bayyana a shafin yanar gizon MESA, MESA na da niyyar &quot;ci gaba da kimiyyar kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro ta hanyar samar da al'umma da cibiyar sadaukarwa don bin diddigin bincike, raba albarkatun da suka dace, da nuna misalai na shirye-shiryen kawarwa&quot;. MESA tana yin hakan ta hanyar gabatar da sababbin ra'ayoyi, sarrafa ilimi da bincike, tallafawa ayyukan bincike ta hanyar kudade, da saka idanu kan ci gaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alliance&quot;/&gt;

== Gudanarwa ==
[[Kwamiti|Kwamitin Gudanarwa]] ne ke jagorantar MESA &lt;ref name=&quot;Steering Committee&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MESA Steering Committee |url=http://www.isglobal.org/documents/10179/64729/MESA+Steering+Committee+members+June+2012.pdf/ba6467db-f57c-481e-8499-aefd9fdf5b60 |access-date=10 January 2016 |publisher=ISGlobal |archive-date=2 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402203049/http://www.isglobal.org/documents/10179/64729/MESA+Steering+Committee+members+June+2012.pdf/ba6467db-f57c-481e-8499-aefd9fdf5b60 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Dabarun MESA ce ke jagoranta. Alliance ta kunshi cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na duniya, ƙasashe inda zazzabin cizon sauro babbar matsala ce, da Shirin Malaria na Duniya na WHO. Yawancin kungiyar suna karbar bakuncin Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Barcelona, kuma Alliance tana samun tallafi daga Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates.&lt;ref name=&quot;Governance&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Governance |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/about-us/governance |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Manta Ray Media}}&lt;/ref&gt; MESA ta ƙunshi cibiyoyi 740 a cikin ƙasashe 94 kuma tana da ayyukan 806 da ke ci gaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;MESA track&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MESA Track |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/mesa-track |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayar da gudummawa ==
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin da MESA ke ba da gudummawa ga bincike shine ta hanyar tallafi don ayyukan da za su taimaka wajen yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro. Wadannan ayyukan suna fadawa cikin nau'o'i uku: Shirye-shiryen Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya, Ma'auni na watsawa, da Binciken Ayyuka. Ayyukan suna da matsakaicin shekaru biyu kuma suna aiki tare da matsakaitan kasafin kuɗi na $ 200,000. Jerin tallafi yana samuwa a shafin yanar gizon MESA.&lt;ref name=&quot;Grants&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Grants |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/grants |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi da ayyukan ==
An kirkiro MESA a wani taro na masana zazzabin cizon sauro a Sitges, Spain daga 28-29 Mayun shekarar 2012. 

A cikin shekarar 2012, MESA ta fara tsari don zaɓar ayyukan bincike na kimiyya da ke hulɗa da auna yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro da shirya tsarin kiwon lafiya don yaki da zazzabin sauro. An zaɓi ayyukan shida duka don karɓar kuɗi daga MESA kuma an tallafa wa wani don tara kuɗi daga wasu kungiyoyi. Ayyukan suna gudanar da bincike a Afirka, Asiya, Latin Amurka, da Australasia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alliance&quot;/&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2014, an zaɓi sabbin ayyukan hudu. Wadannan ayyukan sun hada da: sabbin kayan aiki don kula da vector da ganewar asali, amfani da sa ido da fasahar taswirar amsawa, da aikace-aikacen hannu don wahalar isa ga jama'a. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2022}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

A watan Yunin shekarar 2015, MESA ta jagoranci wani tsari da ake kira &quot;malERA Refresh&quot; don sake dubawa da sabunta malERA. Wannan aikin yana nazarin batutuwa daban-daban guda 6: &quot;kimiyya ta asali da fasahar ba da damar, maganin kwari da juriya ta miyagun ƙwayoyi, nuna alamar tafkin da auna watsawa, kayan aiki don kawarwa, haɗuwa da shiga tsakani da ƙira, tsarin kiwon lafiya da bincike na manufofi. &quot; &quot; &quot; MalERA&quot; Ana sa ran sake farfadowa zai cika kuma yana samuwa don bugawa a ƙarshen 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;Refresh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 Nov 2016 |title=malERA Refresh: Updating the Malaria Eradication Research Agenda |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/knowledge-hub/malera-refresh-updating-malaria-eradication-research-agenda |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Manta Ray Media }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sauran ayyukan yanzu sun haɗa da burin MESA na kawar da ''Plasmodium falciparum'' da ''Plasmodium vivax'' a kasar Sin a shekarar 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;China&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The People's Republic of China |url=http://www.malariaeradication.org/elimination-programmes/peoples-republic-china |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Manta Ray Media |archive-date=23 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223105055/http://www.malariaeradication.org/elimination-programmes/peoples-republic-china |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abokan hulɗa ==
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== Manazarta ==
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[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Kogin Steenbras</title>
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'''Kogin Steenbras''' ƙaramin kogi ne a lardin Western Cape na [[Afirka ta Kudu]], tare da tushensa kusa da Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Tana tsakanin tsaunukan Hottentots Holland da Kogelberg da magudanar ruwa zuwa cikin False Bay kudu da Gordon's Bay. An datse kogin a wurare biyu - Steenbras Upper and Lower Dams - don samar da ruwa ga birnin [[Cape Town]]. Dam din na sama ya kuma zama tafki na tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na Steenbras, wanda ke kara samar da wutar lantarki a Cape Town a lokutan bukatu da yawa.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Kamawa da Hydrology ==
Babban magudanar ruwa yana da fadin kusan kilomita 70, ciki har da madatsun ruwa, kuma yana tsakanin tsaunin Hottentots Holland zuwa arewa maso yamma da Kogelberg zuwa kudu maso gabas, a cikin Cape Fold Belt. Kwarin da ke saman dam ɗin ya kasance wani fili mai faɗin gaskiya, buɗaɗɗen kwari. Kogin da ke ƙasan dam ɗin, kogin yana kwararowa ta wani tudu mai gangare, kwarin dutse zuwa ƴan ƴar ƴancin bakin tekun da ke gabashin gabar tekun False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;''SAN 1016 - Valsbaai'' (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Ana ciyar da madatsun ruwa ta babban kogin da kuma rafukan da ba a bayyana sunayensu ba da layukan magudanan ruwa na yanayi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tsawon babban rafi, gami da madatsun ruwa, ya kai kimanin kilomita 17.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. ''CSIR Research report 411'' (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tsarin ƙasa na kama ya ƙunshi galibin dutsen yashi quartzitic tare da siraran yadudduka na shale da conglomerate na Dutsen Dutsen Tebur.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Wannan ilimin geology ya samar da ruwa mai ruwa na Table Mountain, wani magudanar ruwa da ya karye tare da hadaddun hanyoyin ruwa na karkashin kasa, wanda ke sa yin cajin wucin gadi na birni ba zai yuwu ba a yankin.&lt;ref&gt;Macknick, J. (18 September 2018). &quot;Thirsty Cities Drill for Water&quot;. ''Circle of Blue''. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin tsawan lokaci na magudanar ruwa an kiyasta ya zama 50 × 106m3 a kowace shekara.[3] Koyaya, madatsun ruwa sun canza magudanar ruwa sosai. A cewar wani binciken Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Tsabta ta 2009, fitar da ruwa a wurin ajiyar ruwa na Ecological (EWR) a cikin Yuli 2009 ya kasance 0.42 m³/s, kwatankwacin matsakaicin yau na wannan watan (0.41 m³/s) amma kusan ninki biyu na 0.26 m³/s da ake tsammani a ƙarƙashin yanayi na halitta, marasa lahani.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rapid Reserves: Steenbras, Pombers, and Kromme Rivers&quot; (PDF). ''Feasibility Study into the Potential Development of Further Surface Water Supply Schemes for the Western Cape''. Department of Water and Sanitation. 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mafi yawan magudanar ruwa yana cikin iyakokin birnin Cape Town.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara da aka rubuta a madatsar ruwa tsakanin 1963 zuwa 1981 ya kai mm 984, amma ya fi girma a manyan magudanan ruwa, a cikin tsari na 2,000 mm kowace shekara.

=== Estuary ===
Bakin kogin ƙaramin kwari ne da aka yanke zuwa ƙunƙuntaccen tsiri na bakin teku, tare da tudu masu tudu na dutse da rairayin bakin teku masu zagaye da igiyar ruwa. Raƙuman ruwa sun kai ga maɓuɓɓugar ruwan kogin, wanda ke fuskantar kumbura na kudu maso yamma, yana mai da shi bakin teku mai ƙarfi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Cibiyar Kula da Muhalli ta Afirka ta Kudu ta ba da rahoton cewa ɗakin Steenbras yana nuna matsakaicin matsayi na lalata muhalli kuma yana da halaye waɗanda suka fi dacewa da ƙaramin fjord fiye da na al'ada.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras&quot;. ''South African Estuary Information System''. South African Environmental Observation Network. 2025. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== ingancin ruwa ==
Ruwan yana ɗan ɗanɗano acidic kuma a dabi'a yana da launin ruwan kasa ta hanyar tannins daga ciyawar fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Yana da ɗanɗano mai kyau da ƙarancin daskararrun da aka dakatar amma ana bi da shi don kawar da pH da cire launi, wani ɓangare don dalilai na kwaskwarima da wani ɓangare don rage lalata a cikin bututu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Murray, Tony; Brown, Cate; Dollar, Evan; Day, Jenny; Beuster, Hans; Haskins, Candice; Boucher, Charlie; Turpie, Jane; Wood, Julia; Thompson, Martin; Lamberth, Steve; van Niekerk, Lara; Impson, Dean; Magoba, Rembu; Petersen, Chantel; Davey, Denis; Noffke, Mandy; Hay, Rowena; Hartnady, Chris; Ewart-Smith, Justine; Burger, Marius; Fairburn, Emily; Ractliffe, Geordie; Day, Liz; Luger, Mike; Lannas, Katy; Ndiitwani-Nyamande, Tovhowani (2009). Brown, Cate; Magoba, Rembu (eds.). Rivers and Wetlands of Cape Town (Part 1) (PDF). ''Project No: K5/1691'' (Report). Water Research Commission. pp. 1–178&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Duk da acidity na halitta da launi, magudanar ruwa tana kula da ajin lafiyar kogin (Ajin A). Sa ido kan muhalli ya tabbatar da kasancewar haraji mai mahimmanci, irin su net-winged midges (Blephariceridae), waɗanda ke da matsakaicin makin Tsarin Maki na Afirka ta Kudu (SASS) na 15, yana nuna ingancin ruwa sosai.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ecological monitoring at Steenbras&quot;. Umvoto Africa. 13 September 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimin halittu ==
Yankin Steenbras Nature Reserve ya ƙunshi wani muhimmin yanki na kama.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot;. ''capetown.gov.za''. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Nau'o'in ciyayi na ƙasa da aka rubuta daga ƙasan ƙasa sun haɗa da dajin kogi, fynbos na tudun ruwa, goge kogin, da bushewar dutsen fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hakanan ana samun Kogelberg Sandstone Fynbos a cikin kama.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Yankin riparian ya haɗa da nau'ikan nau'ikan palmiet (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum macrourum, Juncus effusus, Juncus lomatophyllus, Erica caffra, Calopsis paniculata, Elegia capensis, Blechnum capense, da Todea barbara. Mafi shahararren nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i ne na Cape myrtle (Metrosideros angustifolia). A 2009 report noted that while the riparian zone has a good diversity of species, its aerial cover and abundance have been reduced, partly due to the effects of damming and altered flooding regimes.[5]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Gorge Check List&quot;. ''iNaturalist''. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hanyoyi ==
Babban titin bakin teku na lardin R44 daga Gordon's Bay zuwa Hermanus yana ratsa kogin kusan mita 200 daga bakin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Babban titin N2 na kasa ya ratsa kogin da ke da nisan kilomita daga gabas da Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tarihi ==
Injiniya mai ba da shawara Thomas Stewart ya fara bincikar yuwuwar wuraren dam akan kogin Steenbras a ƙarshen 1890 a matsayin tushen ruwa mai yuwuwa ga gundumomin Mowbray da Rondebosch.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;Steenbras Dam – Faithful supplier of water &amp; power&quot; (PDF). ''The Water Wheel''. Water Research Commission. November 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Masu binciken Turai ne suka fara ketare kogin daga yankin Cape a tsakiyar karni na 17. Asalin sunansa na Dutch shine Steenbrazans rivier, wanda aka ɗauka ana kiransa da sunan ja steenbras (Petrus rupestris), wanda za'a iya kama shi daga bakin tekun da ke kusa da bakin kogin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

An datse kogin a farkon karni na 20 a matsayin samar da ruwa ga Cape Town. An kammala madatsar ruwan Steenbras a cikin 1921 tare da ƙarfin asali na 2.9 × 106m3. An ɗaga bangon dam ɗin daga baya a cikin 1928 da 1952, yana ƙara ƙarfin zuwa 34.3 × 106m3.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

A cikin 1977, an gina Steenbras Upper Dam kai tsaye. Ana amfani da shi don tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na Steenbras, wanda ke kara samar da wutar lantarki a Cape Town a lokutan bukatu kololuwa.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Dams&quot;. ''www.capetown.gov.za''. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 2015-09-27.&lt;/ref&gt;

Matsalolin sun kasance wani ɓangare na Tsarin Samar da Ruwa na Western Cape (WCWSS), tsarin haɗin kai na manyan madatsun ruwa guda shida, bututun ruwa, ramuka, hanyoyin rarraba, da ƙananan madatsun ruwa da yawa a cikin Western Cape. Wasu ma’aikatar ruwa da tsaftar muhalli ce kuma ke sarrafa su, wasu kuma na birnin Cape Town ne.&lt;ref&gt;Address by Ronnie Kasrils, MP, minister of Water Affairs and Forestry, at the Berg Water Project signing ceremony on 15 April 2003, in Cape Town, accessed on 11 December 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Tsarin rigakafin da ke da alaƙa da jini</title>
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Immunomodulation mai alaƙa da jini (TRIM) yana nufin raguwar [[Tsarin rigakafi]] na ɗan lokaci bayan ƙarin jini. An gane wannan tasirin a cikin kungiyoyin mutane waɗanda suka yi amfani da koda ko kuma sun yi [[Barin ciki|zubar da ciki]] da yawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gatenby PA, Cameron K, Simes RJ, Adelstein S, Bennett MJ, Jansen RP, Shearman RP, Stewart GJ, Whittle M, Doran TJ |date=Mar 1993 |title=Treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion by immunization with paternal lymphocytes: results of a controlled trial |url= |journal=Am J Reprod Immunol |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=88–94 |pmid=8329110}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasu binciken bincike sun nuna cewa, saboda wannan matsalar rigakafi, ƙarin jini yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cuta da sake dawowar cutar kansa. Koyaya, wasu binciken ba su nuna waɗannan bambance-bambance ba kuma matakin tasirin jini yana da shi akan kamuwa da cuta kuma sake dawowar kumburi ba a fahimta sosai ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Goodnough LT, Brecher ME, Kanter MH, AuBuchon JP |date=Feb 1999 |title=Transfusion medicine. First of two parts--blood transfusion |url= |journal=N Engl J Med |volume=340 |issue=6 |pages=438–47 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199902113400606 |pmid=9971869}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Kayayyakin Jinin na Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ya ba da shawarar cewa duk kayan jinin da aka zubar da jini su sami raguwar leukocyte don rage gudummawar fararen ƙwayoyin jini masu ba da gudummawa ga hana rigakafi.

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>SS Francisco Morazan (1922)</title>
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'''''Francisco Morazan''''' ya kasance 1,442 Jirgin ruwan kaya  wanda Deutsche Werft, [[Hamburg]], ta gina a shekarar 1922 a matsayin '''''Arcadia''''', ga masu mallakar [[Jamus]] . An sayar da ita a shekarar 1934 aka kuma canza mata suna zuwa '''''Elbing''''' . An kwace ta daga hannun kawance a kogin Elbe, Jamus a watan Mayun 1945, aka mika ta ga Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Yaƙi ta Burtaniya aka kuma sake mata suna '''''Empire Congress''''' . A shekarar 1946, aka ba ta hannun Gwamnatin Norway aka kuma sake mata suna zuwa '''''Brunes''''' .

An sayar da ''Brunes'' a matsayin mai hidimar kasuwanci a shekarar 1947 kuma aka sake masa suna '''''Skuld''''' . A shekarar 1948, wani siyarwa ya sake sanya mata suna '''''Ringås''''' . A shekarar 1958, an sayar da ita ga [[Laberiya|Liberia]] aka kuma sake mata suna '''''Los Mayas''''' sannan aka sake mata suna ''Francisco Morazan'' (don Francisco Morazán ) a shekara mai zuwa. Ta yi aiki har zuwa ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1960 lokacin da ta yi hatsari a Tafkin Michigan kuma aka ayyana ta a matsayin wacce ta yi asara gaba daya. A wani yanayi mai ban sha'awa, jirgin ya yi tafiyar mil 40 a arewacin Arcadia Dunes da kuma ƙauyen Arcadia, Michigan. (Arcadia shine sunan jirgin na asali.)

== Bayani ==
An gina jirgin a shekarar 1922 ta hannun kamfanin Deutsche Werft AG, Hamburg, a matsayin filin wasa mai lamba 19. &lt;ref name=&quot;Elbing&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=23) Frachtdampfer &quot;Elbing&quot; |url=http://www.poseidon-schiffahrts-archiv.eu/2-Koenigsberg/Schiffe/1925-1945/23-Elbing/23-Elbing.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223044616/http://www.poseidon-schiffahrts-archiv.eu/2-Koenigsberg/Schiffe/1925-1945/23-Elbing/23-Elbing.html |archive-date=February 23, 2010 |access-date=17 June 2010 |publisher=Poseidon Schiffarts Archiv |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jirgin ya kasance {{Convert|234|ft|5|in|m|2}} tsayi, tare da katako na {{Convert|36|ft|8|in|m|2}} . Tana da zurfin {{Convert|17|ft|9|in|m|2}}, &lt;ref name=&quot;Arcadia30&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1930 |title=Lloyd's Register, Navires a Vapeur et a Moteurs |url=https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/30/30b0080.pdf |access-date=12 June 2021 |publisher=Lloyd's Registry of Shipping |place=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma wani tsari na   . &lt;ref name=&quot;Congress45&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1945 |title=Lloyd's Register, Navires a Vapeur et a Moteurs |url=https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/45/45a1192.pdf |access-date=12 June 2021 |publisher=Lloyd's Registry of Shipping |place=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da GRT na 1,141 da NRT na 747, &lt;ref name=&quot;Arcadia30&quot; /&gt; tare da DWT na 2,097. &lt;ref name=&quot;Elbing&quot;/&gt;

Da aka gina ta, injinan tururi guda biyu ne suka tura ta, waɗanda aka yi musu gyaran injin sau biyu, suna tuƙa motar propeller guda ɗaya. Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft, [[Berlin]] ne suka gina injinan. &lt;ref name=&quot;Arcadia30&quot;/&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An gina ''Arcadia ne'' don Hamburg Amerikanische Packetfahrt AG, Hamburg. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mariners&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=EMPIRE - C |url=http://www.mariners-l.co.uk/EmpireC.html |access-date=17 June 2010 |publisher=Mariners}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ƙaddamar da ita a watan Yunin 1922.  An gudanar da ''Arcadia'' a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Deutsche Levant Linie AG. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mariners&quot; /&gt; Tashar rajistar ta ita ce Hamburg kuma an ware Haruffan Lambobin RCSM. &lt;ref name=&quot;Arcadia30&quot; /&gt; A shekara ta 1934, an canza Haruffan Lambobin ta zuwa DHBK. &lt;ref name=&quot;Arcadia34&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1934 |title=Lloyd's Register, Steamers &amp; Motorships |url=https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/34/34b0062.pdf |access-date=12 June 2021 |publisher=Lloyd's Registry of Shipping |place=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 1934, an sayar da ''Arcadia'' zuwa Kohlen-Import und Poseidon Schiffahrt, Königsberg kuma an sake masa suna ''Elbing'' .  An saka sabon injin tururi mai silinda huɗu a cikin 1935. Injin ɗin yana da silinda biyu na {{Convert|13|in|cm}} da silinda biyu na   diamita ta   bugun jini. &lt;ref name=&quot;Elbing&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Elbing37&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1937 |title=Lloyd's Register, Steamers &amp; Motorships |url=https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/37/37b0272.pdf |access-date=12 June 2021 |publisher=Lloyd's Registry of Shipping |place=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1940, Kriegsmarine ta nemi a yi amfani da ''Elbing'' a matsayin jirgin kwal a cikin Operation Sea Lion . A watan Maris na 1941 aka kona ta bayan da {{HMS|Tartar|F43|6}} ta harbo mata harsashi.{{HMS|Tartar|F43|6}} a lokacin Operation Claymore kuma aka yi mata rairayin bakin teku a Solvær, Tsibirin Lofoten, [[Norway]] . Daga baya aka gyara ta, ta ga ayyukan ceto a ruwan Norway a shekarar 1942, aka mayar da ita Kohlen-Import und Poseidon Schiffahrt a shekarar 1943. A shekarar 1945, aka canza tashar jiragen ruwanta zuwa Nordenham . Ta lalace bayan da aka harbo mata harsashi daga manyan bindigogi na ƙasa, aka kuma rufe ta da rairayin bakin teku a tsibirin [[Schweinesand]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Elbing&quot;/&gt; A watan Mayu na shekarar 1945, an kwace ''Elbing'' a Kogin Elbe . An mika ta ga Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Yaƙi, aka kuma sake mata suna ''Empire Congress'' .  An canza tashar jiragen ruwanta zuwa [[Landan|London]] . An ware wasikun Lambobi GFSV da Lambar Hukuma ta Burtaniya 180691. An sanya ta a ƙarƙashin kulawar Chine Trading Co Ltd, &lt;ref name=&quot;Congress45&quot;/&gt; Cardiff . &lt;ref name=&quot;Elbing&quot; /&gt;

A shekarar 1946, an ba wa gwamnatin Norway ''Empire Congress'' . An sake mata suna ''Brunes'' .  An yi mata aiki a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kr Jebsen.  A shekarar 1947, an sayar da ita ga R Mithassel, Norway kuma aka sake mata suna ''Skuld'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ships&quot; /&gt; A shekarar 1948, Birger Ekerholt ya kwace Mithassel kuma aka sake mata suna ''Ringås'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;Manitou&quot; /&gt; A ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1952, jirgin ruwan [[Beljik|Belgian]] Victory Mahenge ya yi karo da jirgin ruwan [[Faransa]] mai Granville a arewacin [[Alderney]], [[Tsibirin Channel|Channel Islands]] . ''Ringås'' ta ceto ma'aikatan jirgin 46 da fasinjoji uku daga ''Mahenge'', wanda ya nutse. ''Granville'' ya lalace sosai kuma aka kunna wuta. An ja ta zuwa Cherbourg, Faransa bayan an kashe wutar.  A shekarar 1952, ''Ringås'' ta yi tafiyarta ta farko zuwa Manyan Tafkuna, inda ta kai kayan yumbu na china zuwa Muskegon, Michigan . A shekarar 1953, ta kai kayan itacen pulpwood zuwa Port Huron, Michigan . A shekarar 1958, an sayar da ''Ringås'' ga wani mai [[Girka (ƙasa)|ƙasar Girka]] kuma aka sake masa suna ''Los Mayos'' . An sanya ta a ƙarƙashin tutar Panama kuma an yi mata aiki a ƙarƙashin kulawar Moa Navigation SA. ''Los Mayos'' ta ziyarci Manyan Tafkuna a shekarar 1958. Ta yi karo da ruwa a Muskegon kuma aka yi mata rami.  A shekarar 1959, &lt;ref name=&quot;Ships&quot; /&gt; an sayar da ita ga CT Trapezountios, [[Monrovia]], [[Laberiya|Liberia]], aka kuma sake mata suna ''Francisco Morazan'' . Kamfanin sufuri na West Indies na [[New York (birni)|New York]] da Monrovia ne ke gudanar da ita, aka kuma yi mata hayar Interamerican Marine Operators, New York. &lt;ref name=&quot;Manitou&quot; /&gt;
[[Fayil:Morazan.JPG|right|thumb|Hoton jirgin ruwan da ya kife.]]
A ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 1960, ''Francisco Morazan'' ta fara abin da zai zama tafiyarta ta ƙarshe daga [[Miami|Miami, Florida]] . Ta yi tafiya zuwa [[Montréal|Montreal]] da [[Toronto]],  inda ta sauke kayan phosphates .  ''Francisco Morazan'' ta yi tafiya zuwa [[Chicago]], inda ta isa can a tsakiyar Nuwamba. &lt;ref name=&quot;Manitou&quot; /&gt; A Chicago, an ɗora tan 1,118, 10 cwt na kayan gauraye, an yi niyyar zuwa [[Rotterdam]], [[Holand|Netherlands]] da Hamburg, Jamus. Kayan sun haɗa da aluminum, gashi mai laushi, murfi na kwalba, kaza gwangwani, siminti, sinadarai, Gilsonite, fatu, kitse, injina, phosphate, [[ƙarfe]] mai kauri, tarkacen solder, tinplate, da [[Toy (Abin Wasan Yara)|kayan wasa]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;NOAA&quot; /&gt; ''Francisco Morazan'' ta bar Chicago a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba. &lt;ref name=&quot;Manitou&quot; /&gt; Hazo a Tafkin Michigan ya rage mata ci gaba kuma matsala da famfon ciyar da tukunyar jirgi ya sa aka dakatar da jirgin yayin da ake gyara famfon. Wannan yana nufin ''Francisco Morazan'' yanzu yana cikin tseren barin Manyan Tafkuna kafin a rufe tsarin don kewayawa a ranar 3 ga Disamba.

A daren 28/29 ga Nuwamba, guguwar dusar ƙanƙara ta rage ganin jirgin sosai kuma aka tura shi daga kan hanya. Da ƙarfe 18:35 na ranar 29 ga Nuwamba,  ''Francisco Morazan'' ya yi karo da jirgin a kan tekun Kudancin Manitou,  ya wuce jirgin SS &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwASU&quot;&gt;Walter L. Frost&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; a kan hanyarsa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dive&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Manitou Underwater Preserve |url=http://cavdvr.tripod.com/manitou.htm |access-date=17 June 2010 |publisher=Cavdvr |archive-date=27 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527162651/http://cavdvr.tripod.com/manitou.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ƙare da nisan {{Convert|300|yd|m}} daga bakin teku.

USCGC Mesquite, ba da daɗewa ba sai USCGC ta biyo baya Mackinaw, ya isa don taimakawa washegari da safe, 30 ga Nuwamba. Da raƙuman ruwa masu tsawon ƙafa goma zuwa goma sha biyu suka mamaye gabar tekun Kudancin Manitou,  jiragen biyu ba su iya aika jiragen ruwan zuwa ''Morazan'' ko kuma su kusanci kusa da su ba don haka USCGC ta yi aiki. An aika USCGC da buɗaɗɗen iska. Kafin ta isa da wuri a ranar 1 ga Disamba, yanayin ya daidaita kuma jirgin ruwa daga ''Mackinaw'' ya sami damar ɗaukar matar kyaftin ɗin Morazan mai ciki na watanni biyu. Daga nan aka ɗauke ta daga ''Mackinaw'' zuwa Traverse City . Jawowar ceto daga ''John Roan V'' da abokin tafiyarsa ''Maintland'' suma sun haɗu da masu ceto a ranar 1 ga Disamba. Su da ''Mackinaw'' sun ci gaba da kasancewa a wurin yayin da ''Sundew'' da ''Mesquite'' suka tashi a daren. {{'}} ''Morazan'' sun aika wani injiniyan ceto da wakilin inshora daga New York wanda, tare da injiniyoyin ceto daga Roan Salvage na Sturgeon Bay, aka kai su ''Morazan'' washegari, 2 ga Disamba, don tantance yanayin jirgin. Kammalawarsu ita ce duk da cewa Roan zai iya ceto kayan, ''Morazan'' mai ƙarfi ba zai iya ba. Kyaftin ɗin, ma'aikatan jirgin 12 da wakilan mai shi biyu sun ci gaba da zama a ''Morazan'' har sai da mummunan yanayi ya fara lalata jirgin. Jiragen {{'}} ''Mackinaw''  ne suka ɗauke su a ranar 4 ga Disamba &lt;ref name=&quot;NOAA&quot; /&gt; suka kuma kai su birnin Traverse.

== Manazarta ==

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    <title>Stephen Battersby</title>
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'''Stephen Battersby''' MBE likitan Birtaniya ne na kiwon [[lafiyar muhalli]] kuma mai ba da shawara ga ka'idodin gidaje. An kuma san shi da jagorancinsa a matsayin babban marubucin Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health: 21st Edition (Hardback) - Routledge |url=https://www.routledge.com/Clays-Handbook-of-Environmental-Health-21st-Edition/Battersby/p/book/9780415716710 |access-date=2019-05-31 |website=Routledge.com |language=en |archive-date=2019-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531234222/https://www.routledge.com/Clays-Handbook-of-Environmental-Health-21st-Edition/Battersby/p/book/9780415716710 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Battersby memba ne na Chartered Fellow na Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Muhalli (CIEH) , kuma ta rike mukamai da yawa a cikin kungiyar, gami da shugaban kasa daga 2008 zuwa 2011. Ya zuwa 2019, ya yi aiki a matsayin daya daga cikin mataimakan shugaban CIEH. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=President and Vice Presidents |url=https://www.cieh.org/about-us/who-we-are/president-and-vice-presidents/ |access-date=2019-05-31 |website=Chartered Institute of Environmental Health |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Battersby ya sami digirinsa na PhD daga Jami'ar Surrey, inda rubutunsa ya binciki tasirin lafiyar jama'a na kamuwa da cutar rat a birane. Shi Babban Mai Bincike ne mai ziyara a Cibiyar Robens don Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Muhalli a Jami'ar Surrey, kuma abokin tarayya ne na Sashin Gidaje Masu Tsaro da Lafiya a Jami'an Warwick . [1][2] Daga 2013 zuwa 2015, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin Generation Rent (wanda aka fi sani da National Private Tenants Organisation).[3][4]

A shekara ta 2014, an saka shi a matsayin memba na Mafi Kyawun Dokar Daular Burtaniya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-10-12 |title=Queen gives Battersby MBE |url=http://www.ehn-online.com/news/article.aspx?id=13348&amp;terms=Stephen%20Battersby |access-date=2018-04-12 |publisher=Environmental Health News }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="5639" sha1="q2ypo4jbyr5ra4ildud2xky7jgjl5wg" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
Tsarin samar da [[Samar da Ruwa|Ruwa]] da rarraba ruwa yana da saurin wucewa lokacin da ci gaba da ruwa ya kasance ƙasa da awanni 24 a rana ko a'a a duk kwanakin mako.{{Sfn|Taylor|2018}} A lokacin wannan ci gaba abubuwan da ke bayyana su ne matsin ruwa da daidaito.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Vairavamoorthy |first=Kala |last2=Elango |first2=K. |date=2002 |title=Guidelines for the design and control of intermittent water distribution systems |url=https://www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/Vairavamoorthy-2002-Guidelines.pdf |journal=Waterlines |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=19–21 |doi=10.3362/0262-8104.2002.041 |via=[[IRC (organization)|IRCWash]]}} {{Free access}} (Free to read)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nishimura |first=Érica |last2=Roma |first2=Woodrow |date=2018 |title=The lack of standard definition for intermittent water supply system: An overview of definitions used in the literature and by Brazilian Regulatory Agencies |url=http://www.abrh.org.br/SGCv3/index.php?PUB=2&amp;ID=201&amp;SUMARIO=5331 |journal=Revista de Gestão de Água da América Latina |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=9 |doi=10.21168/rega.v15e9 |s2cid=194318870 |doi-access=free }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Free access}} (Free to read)&lt;/ref&gt; Akalla kasashe 45 suna da tsarin samar da ruwa (IWS).{{Sfn|Kumpel|2013}} Ya bambanta da ci gaba ko &quot;24/7&quot; samar da ruwa, ma'aunin sabis. Babu wani tsarin da aka tsara da gangan don zama mai saurin wuce gona da iri, amma suna iya zama ta wannan hanyar saboda fadada tsarin, leakage da sauran dalilai.{{Sfn|Kumpel|2013}} Ya zuwa 2022, babu wata hanyar da za a iya amfani da ita don yin samfurin IWS, gami da kayan aikin taimakon kwamfuta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Batutuwan gurɓataccen yanayi na iya haɗawa da [[Tsarin rarraba ruwa|tsarin rarrabawa]] ruwa. Tasirin [[lafiyar jama'a]] na duniya ya haɗa da miliyoyin kamuwa da cuta da [[Gudawa/Zawo|zawo]], da mutuwar 1560 a kowace shekara.{{Sfn|Taylor|2018}}

Ci gaba da samarwa ba ta da amfani a duk yanayi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, IWS na iya samun wasu fa'idodi. Wadannan na iya haɗawa da magance buƙata tare da iyakantaccen wadata a hanyar da ta fi dacewa. Wani wadataccen lokaci na iya zama na wucin gadi (misali, lokacin da tanadin ruwa ba shi da yawa) ko na dindindin (misali., inda tsarin bututu ba zai iya ci gaba da wadata ba).  Abubuwan da ke tattare da su da suka haifar da wadataccen lokaci sun haɗa da cire ruwa ta masu amfani a lokaci guda, wanda ke haifar da matsin lamba da yiwuwar buƙata mafi girma.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Loubser |first=Carlo |last2=Basson |first2=Suzanne Esther |last3=Jacobs |first3=Heinz Erasmus |date=2020 |title=A conceptual index for benchmarking intermittent water supply in a water distribution system zone |url=https://www.watersa.net/article/view/7873 |journal=Water SA |volume=46 |issue=1 January |pages=12, 15 |bibcode=2020WatSA..46.7873L |doi=10.17159/wsa/2020.v46.i1.7873 |issn=1816-7950 |s2cid=213294175 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yaduwar ==
Kimanin kashi 41 cikin dari na tsarin samar da ruwa a cikin birane a duniya suna da saurin wucewa; wani mummunan amfani idan aka yi la'akari da gaskiyar cewa an tsara waɗannan tsarin don ci gaba da gudana (watau, awanni 24 a rana).[1][2] Kimanin mutane biliyan 1.3 suna da wadataccen bututu wanda ke da saurin wucewa, gami da manyan jama'a a Afirka, Asiya, da Latin Amurka da Caribbean.[3][4] Wannan bai haɗa da waɗanda ba sa samun ruwa mai bututu kwata-kwata, kusan mutane biliyan 2.7.[3] Kasashen da ke da wadataccen lokaci-lokaci a wasu yankuna da ci gaba da wadata a wasu sun haɗa da Indiya da Afirka ta Kudu. [5][6] A Indiya, birane daban-daban suna kan matakai daban-daban na gina tsarin samar da kayayyaki na 24 / 7, kamar Chandigarh, Delhi, Shimla, da Coimbatore.[7][8][9][10] A Cambodia, Phnom Penh ya kara ɗaukar hoto daga 25% zuwa 85% kuma tsawon lokaci daga awanni 10 zuwa 24 a rana tsakanin 1993 da 2004.[11]

== Adanawa ==
Shigar da ajiya da famfo a gidaje na iya kawar da saurin samar da ruwa. Tankunan rufin suna da alama ce ta yau da kullun a ƙasashe inda samar da ruwa ke raguwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hernandez-Lopez |first=R. D. |last2=Tzatchkov |first2=V. G. |last3=Martin-Dominguez |first3=A. |last4=Alcocer-Yamanaka |first4=V. H. |date=2016 |title=Study of hydraulics and mixing in roof tanks used in intermittent water supply |url=https://iwaponline.com/washdev/article/6/4/547/30432/Study-of-hydraulics-and-mixing-in-roof-tanks-used |journal=Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development |language=en |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=547–554 |bibcode=2016JWSHD...6..547H |doi=10.2166/washdev.2016.147 |issn=2043-9083 |url-access=subscription |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A Jordan, yawancin gidaje suna da tankuna ɗaya ko fiye na ƙasa ko rufin. Za'a iya ƙara wadataccen wadata tare da wasu hanyoyin da ba a yi amfani da su ba kamar ruwan sha da aka shirya da ruwan dafa abinci da aka saya daga shagunan gida ko aka kawo zuwa gidan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rosenberg |first=David E. |last2=Talozi |first2=Samer |last3=Lund |first3=Jay R. |date=2008 |title=Intermittent water supplies: challenges and opportunities for residential water users in Jordan |url=https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1022&amp;context=cee_facpub |journal=Water International |language=en |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=488–504 |bibcode=2008WatIn..33..488R |doi=10.1080/02508060802474574 |issn=0250-8060 |s2cid=153670339}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* [[Rashin ruwa]]

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Siyasar Ruwa</title>
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      <text bytes="146971" sha1="88r7bf3s2jyz5oe6amqv24aoz3uwqyb" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Evstafiev-bosnia-sarajevo-water-line.jpg|thumb|right|Mutane da ke jiran layi don diban ruwa lokacin da aka yi Kewayen Sarajevo]]

'''Siyasar ruwa''', wadda wani lokaci ake kira '''hydropolitics''', ita ce siyasa da ke tasiri sakamakon samuwa ko rashin samun ruwa da albarkatun ruwa, wani abu ne mai muhimmanci ga duk wani nau'in rayuwa da ci gaban ɗan adam.

Ma'anar Arun P. Elhance game da hydropolitics ita ce &quot;bincike na tsanaki kan rikici da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ƙasashe game da albarkatun ruwa da suka ratsa iyakokin ƙasashe&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Arun P. Elhance|title=Hydropolitics in the 3rd World: Conflict and cooperation in International River Basins |location=Washington, DC|publisher=US Institute of Peace Press|year=1999|pages=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Mollinga, P. P. ya raba siyasar ruwa zuwa rukuni huɗu, &quot;siyasar yau da kullum ta gudanar da albarkatun ruwa&quot;, &quot;siyasar manufofin ruwa a cikin mahallin ƙasashe masu cin gashin kansu&quot;, &quot;siyasar ruwa tsakanin ƙasashe&quot; da kuma &quot;siyasar ruwa ta duniya&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Mollinga, P. P., 2008. &quot; Water, politics and development: Framing a political sociology of water resources management.&quot; ''Water alternatives'', 1(1), 7., 12&lt;/ref&gt; Samun ruwan sha ga kowane mutum yana ƙaranci kuma yana raguwa a duk faɗin duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/world-s-supply-of-fresh-water-shrinking-dramatically-report-1.384437 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703050705/http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2003/03/05/water_report030305.html |url-status=live |archive-date=July 3, 2007 |publisher=CBC News |title=World's supply of fresh water shrinking dramatically: report |date=March 5, 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dalilan, waɗanda suka shafi yawa da kuma ingancin ruwan, suna da yawa kuma sun bambanta; sun haɗa da ƙarancin ruwa a yankuna, iyakancewar samun sa da matsin lamba na yawan jama'a,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://reportsyndication.news.blog/2019/10/12/the-coming-wars-for-water/|title=The Coming Wars for Water|date=October 12, 2019|website=Report Syndication}}&lt;/ref&gt; har ma da ayyukan ɗan adam na yawan amfani da kaya, rashin amfani da shi yadda ya kamata, gurbacewar muhalli da gurbacewar ruwa, gami da canjin yanayi.

Ruwa wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci ta albarkatun ƙasa, kuma ƙarancin ruwan sha yana yawan haifar da rikice-rikicen siyasa a faɗin duniya. Tare da raguwar samun ruwa da kuma ƙaruwar buƙatarsa, wasu sun yi hasashen cewa tsaftataccen ruwa zai zama &quot;man fetur na gaba&quot;; wanda zai sa ƙasashe kamar Canada, Chile, Norway, Colombia da Peru, waɗanda ke da wannan albarka mai yawa, su zama ƙasashe masu wadatar ruwa a duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldwater.org/data20062007/Table1.pdf |title=Total Renewable Fresh Water Supply By Country |access-date=2008-04-18 |archive-date=2008-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516055735/http://worldwater.org/data20062007/Table1.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/ec/wpapers/kerp0219.pdf Peter Lawrence et al. &quot;The Water Poverty Index : an International Comparison&quot;, Keele Economics Research Papers, 2002]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.worldwater.org/conflict.html A Chronology of Water-Related Conflicts]&lt;/ref&gt; Rahoton Ci Gaban Ruwa na Duniya na MDD (WWDR, 2003) daga Tsarin Siffanta Ruwa na Duniya ya nuna cewa, a cikin shekaru 20 masu zuwa, adadin ruwan da ke akwai ga kowa an yi hasashen zai ragu da kashi 30%. A halin yanzu, kashi 40% na mazauna duniya ba su da isasshen ruwa mai tsafta don mafi ƙarancin tsaftar jiki. Fiye da mutane miliyan 2.2 ne suka mutu a shekara ta 2000 sakamakon cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da shan gurbataccen ruwa ko fari. A shekara ta 2004, ƙungiyar agaji ta WaterAid ta ƙasar Burtaniya ta ba da rahoton cewa yaro ɗaya yana mutuwa a duk bayan daƙiƙa 15 sakamakon cututtukan da suka shafi ruwa waɗanda za a iya kiyaye su cikin sauƙi; galibi wannan yana nufin rashin wurin zubar da ruwan tuka; duba bayan gida. Tsarin Ci Gaban Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya taƙaita rabon ruwa na duniya a rahoton ci gaba na shekara ta 2006: &quot;Wani sashe na duniya yana riƙe da kasuwar ruwan kwalba ta alfarma wadda ba ta kawo wani amfani na lafiya na zahiri ba, yayin da wani sashe ke fama da mummunan haɗarin lafiyar jama'a saboda mutane dole ne su sha ruwa daga magudanun ruwa ko kuma daga tafunansu da koguna.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/report.cfm# UNDP Human Development Report 2006] United Nations Development Programme, 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; Ruwa mai tsafta—wanda yanzu ya fi kowane lokaci daraja a tarihinmu saboda yawan amfani da shi a fannin noma, masana'antu na fasahar zamani, da samar da makamashi—yana ƙara samun kulawa a matsayin albarkatun da ke buƙatar ingantaccen gudanarwa da amfani mai dorewa.

Haƙƙoƙin ruwa na kusa da koguna sun zama batutuwan diflomasiyyar ƙasa da ƙasa, ban da haƙƙoƙin ruwa da siyasa na cikin gida da na yanki.&lt;ref&gt;Rahaman, M. M. (Ed.) (2012) Special Issue: [http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=297&amp;year=2012&amp;vol=4&amp;issue=1/2 Water Wars in 21st Century along International Rivers Basins: Speculation or Reality?], ''International Journal of Sustainable Society'', Vol. 4, Nos. 1/2, 193 pages.&lt;/ref&gt; Mataimakin Shugaban Bankin Duniya Ismail Serageldin ya yi hasashen cewa, &quot;Da yawa daga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe na ƙarni na 20 sun kasance ne akan man fetur, amma yaƙe-yaƙe na ƙarni na 21 za su kasance ne akan ruwa sai dai idan mun canza fasalin yadda muke gudanar da ruwa.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Serageldin, I. (2009) '[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7244/full/459163b.html Water: conflicts set to arise within as well as between states]', ''Nature'', Vol. 459, p.163.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=LzvKQT9QJpyrMBm5G3VrTtYfFGfbQlRT9LK7nv5Kn7zym7CZG2VG!-331657331?docId=5008625832 |title=Where Oil and Water Do Mix: Environmental Scarcity and Future Conflict in the Middle East and North Africa&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |access-date=2017-09-18 |archive-date=2011-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927064300/http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=LzvKQT9QJpyrMBm5G3VrTtYfFGfbQlRT9LK7nv5Kn7zym7CZG2VG!-331657331?docId=5008625832 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sai dai wasu suna jayayya da wannan ra'ayin, suna nuna cewa rikice-rikice akan ruwa galibi ana magance su ta hanyar diflomasiyya kuma ba sa zama yaƙe-yaƙe.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby, W., 2009. &quot;Do nations go to war over water?&quot; ''Nature'', Vol. 458, 282–283&lt;/ref&gt; Wata sabuwar makarantar tunani kuma tana jayayya cewa &quot;fargabar rasa iko akan ruwan da aka raba na iya taimakawa wajen kasancewa cikin shiri na yaƙi a tsakanin ƙasashe makwabta, idan har hakan ta faru&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Rahaman, M.M. (2012) [http://www.inderscience.com/search/index.php?action=record&amp;rec_id=44658&amp;prevQuery=&amp;ps=10&amp;m=or Water Wars in 21st Century: Speculation or Reality?], ''International Journal of Sustainable Society'', Vol. 4, Nos. 1/2, pp. 3–10. DOI:10.1504/IJSSOC.2012.044658&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manufofin ruwa ==

== Manufofin siyasar ruwa ==

=== Hydro-hegemony ===
Tarihin hydro-hegemony masana Mark Zeitoun da Jeroen F. Warner ne suka tsara shi a shekara ta 2006 a matsayin wani tsari mai amfani na nazari don bincika zaɓuɓɓukan ƙasashe masu ƙarfi ko waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin ikon wasu da kuma yadda zasu iya nisantar nuna ƙarfi su dawo ga haɗin gwiwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zeitoun Warner 2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Zeitoun|first1=Mark|last2=Warner|first2=Jeroen|date=2006-10-01|title=Hydro-hegemony – a framework for analysis of trans-boundary water conflicts|url=https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/29466/1/ZeitounWarner_-_HydroHegemony_%28as_published%29.pdf|journal=Water Policy|language=en|volume=8|issue=5|pages=435–460|doi=10.2166/wp.2006.054|bibcode=2006WaPol...8..435Z |issn=1366-7017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsarin hydro-hegemony yana da daraja musamman wajen tunkarar shari'o'in da alaƙar iko ta faɗa tsakanin rukunoni biyu na haɗin gwiwa da kuma yaƙe-yaƙe na ruwa da ake yawan tattaunawa akai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Zeitoun |first1=Mark |last2=Warner |first2=Jeroen |date=2006 |title=Hydro-hegemony – a framework for analysis of trans-boundary water conflicts |journal=Water Policy |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=436 |doi=10.2166/wp.2006.054 |bibcode=2006WaPol...8..435Z |url=https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/29466/1/ZeitounWarner_-_HydroHegemony_%28as_published%29.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hydro-hegemony yana nufin &quot;ikon mallaka a matakin kwarin kogi, wanda aka samu ta hanyar dabarun sarrafa albarkatun ruwa kamar ƙwace albarkatun ƙasa, haɗewa da iyakancewa. Ana gudanar da dabarun ne ta hanyar matakai daban-daban (misali tilastawa-matsin lamba, yarjejeniyoyi, gina ilimi, da sauransu) waɗanda aka ba da dama ta hanyar amfani da rashin daidaiton iko da ke akwai a cikin raunin mahallin hukumomin ƙasa da ƙasa.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Zeitoun Warner 2006&quot; /&gt; Manyan rukunoni biyu na hydro-hegemony sune matsayin yanki na kogi da damar yin amfani da shi. Kodayake akwai keɓantattu, a matsayin ƙa'ida ta babban yatsa &quot;masu zama a saman kogi suna amfani da ruwa don samun ƙarin iko, masu zama a ƙasa suna amfani da iko don samun ƙarin ruwa.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Jarumin da ya sami iko akan albarkatun an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar nau'in hydro-hegemony da aka kafa, don amfanin jarumi mafi ƙarfi ('na farko a tsakanin daidaitawa').

A shekara ta 2010, Mark Zeitoun da Ana Elisa Cascão sun canza tsarin don ya ƙunshi manyan ginshiƙai huɗu na iko—ikon yanki, ikon kayan aiki, ikon tattaunawa da kuma ikon tunani.&lt;ref&gt;Cascão, A. E. and Zeitoun, M. 2010. Power, hegemony and critical hydropolitics. In A. Earle, A. Jägerskog, &amp; J. Ojendal (Eds.), Transboundary water management: Principles and practice. London: Earthscan, 27–42.&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda haka, za a iya fahimtar hydro-hegemony a matsayin ikon mallaka a matakin kwarin kogi wanda ke faruwa inda mafi ƙarfi ya haɗe ikon sarrafa kwararar ruwa da ya ratsa iyakoki.

Kodayake Zeitoun da Warner suna jayayya cewa hydro-hegemony gabaɗaya tushen kwanciyar hankali ne, a wasu lokuta ƙasashe masu rauni na iya shiga cikin yaki da hydro-hegemony. A cikin wannan yanayin, ana ƙoƙarin sake tattaunawa kuma daga baya kuma a canza rabon iko. Dabarun da za a iya amfani da su a cikin wannan sune ƙoƙarin canza magana don amfanin wanda ba shi da iko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Zeitoun |first1=Mark |last2=Warner |first2=Jeroen |date=2006 |title=Hydro-hegemony – a framework for analysis of trans-boundary water conflicts |journal=Water Policy |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=443–444, 454–455 |doi=10.2166/wp.2006.054 |bibcode=2006WaPol...8..435Z |url=https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/29466/1/ZeitounWarner_-_HydroHegemony_%28as_published%29.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ruwa a matsayin muhimmin albarkatu ==

Mafi mahimmanci, ruwa mai tsafta shine babban buƙata ga duk ƙwayoyin halitta masu rai, har da amfanin gona, dabbobi da bil'adama. Hukumar UNDP tana ɗaukar samun damar yin amfani da shi a matsayin ainihin haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma sharaɗi na samar da zaman lafiya. Tsohon Sakatare Janar na MDD Kofi Annan ya bayyana a shekara ta 2001 cewa, &quot;Samun ruwa mai tsafta muhimmiyar buƙata ce ta ɗan adam, saboda haka, ainihin haƙƙin ɗan adam ne. Gurbataccen ruwa yana jefa lafiyar jiki da ta zamantakewar dukkan mutane cikin haɗari. Tozarta mutuncin ɗan adam ne.&quot; Tare da haɓaka ci gaba, masana'antu da yawa, gami da gandun daji, noma, ma'adinai, masana'antu da ayyukan nishadi suna buƙatar ƙarin adadi mai yawa na ruwa mai tsafta don gudanar da ayyukansu. Wannan, duk da haka, ya haifar da ƙaruwar gurbacewar iska da ruwa, wanda hakan ya rage ingancin samar da ruwa. Ayyukan ci gaba mai dorewa sun fi fa'ida da buƙata.

A cewar hukumar lafiya ta duniya WHO, kowane ɗan adam yana buƙatar aƙalla lita 20 na ruwa mai tsafta a kowace rana don tsaftar jiki ta yau da kullum;&lt;ref&gt;[http://hdr.undp.org/external/hdr2006/water/10.htm Water: A Human Right]&lt;/ref&gt; wannan ya yi daidai da cubic mitoci 7.3 a kowane mutum, a kowace shekara. Dangane da samuwa, dama da ci gaban samar da ruwa, takamaiman alkaluman amfani sun bambanta sosai daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa, tare da ƙasashe masu tasowa suna da tsarin da ake da su don tace ruwa don amfanin ɗan adam, da kuma kai shi kowane gida. Amma a lokaci guda, wasu ƙasashe a fadin Latin Amurka, sassan Asiya, Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, Afirka da Gabas Ta Tsakiya ko dai ba su da isasshen albarkatun ruwa ko kuma ba su gina waɗannan ko ababen more rayuwa zuwa matakan da ake buƙata ba. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda dalilai daban-daban da suka bambanta. Ya haifar da rikici kuma galibi yana haifar da ragi ko ƙarancin adadin ruwa mai tsafta da kowane mutum ke amfani da shi; wannan yanayin yana haifar da cututtuka, kuma a wasu lokuta, zuwa yunwa da mutuwa. Ruwan sama ana adana shi a cikin fadama ko tafkuna ko kuma yana gudana a cikin rafi ko kogi, kuma shine mafi yawan albarkatun da ake amfani da su don ruwa. A wasu wurare, ana iya adana ruwan sama a cikin madatsar ruwa a bayan dam, sannan a yi amfani da shi don samar da ruwa na birni da masana'antu, don ban ruwa da kuma samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar hydroelectricity. Ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kodayake ana adana shi a cikin sararin samaniya na ƙasa da dutse; ana amfani da shi mafi yawancin lokuta azaman ruwan da ke gudana a cikin aquifers ƙarƙashin matakin ruwa. Ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa na iya kasancewa azaman tsarin ruwa mai sabuntawa wanda ke da alaƙa ta kusa da ruwan sama da kuma matsayin wani tsarin ruwa na daban, mai zurfi a ƙarƙashin ƙasa a cikin aquifer. Wannan yanayin na ƙarshe wani lokaci ana kiransa &quot;ruwan burbushin halittu&quot; (fossil water), kuma a zahiri ba ya sabuntawa. Yawancin lokaci, ana amfani da ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa inda babu wadatar ruwan sama ko lokacin da rabon ruwan sama ya iyakance.

Koguna wani lokaci suna ratsa ƙasashe da yawa kuma galibi suna aiki azaman iyaka ko alama a tsakaninsu. Tare da waɗannan koguna, samar da ruwa, rabonsa, sarrafawa, da amfani da shi suna da babban tasiri ga rayuwa, ingancin rayuwa, da nasarar tattalin arziki. Sarrafa albarkatun ruwa na ƙasa ana ɗaukarsa da muhimmanci ga rayuwar ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;Daclon Corrado Maria, ''Geopolitics of Environment, A Wider Approach to the Global Challenges'', Comunità Internazionale, Italy, 2007&lt;/ref&gt; Irin wannan kwararar ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa na kan iyaka shima yana faruwa. Gasar neman waɗannan albarkatun, musamman inda iyakance take, sun haifar ko kuma sun daɗa haifar da rikice-rikice a baya.

Yankunan tuddai na Habasha ana iya ɗaukarsu azaman yankin hasumiya na ruwa a Gabashin Afirka. Ikon mallakar ƙasar na samar da ruwa a tuddai yana da yuwuwar gudanar da siyasar ƙasashen da ke ƙasa na tsawon shekaru da yawa.

== Gurbacewa daga ayyukan ɗan adam ==
Gurbacewar ruwa yawanci yana faruwa ne ta hanyar hanyoyin guda biyu: bayyanannun tushe (point source) da kuma marasa bayyana (non-point sources) na gurbacewa. A cewar Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA), gurbacewa daga bayyanannen tushe shine &quot;kowane tabbataccen tushe guda ɗaya na gurbacewa wanda ake fitar da abubuwan gurbatawa daga gare shi, kamar bututu, magudanar ruwa, jirgi ko hayakin masana'anta.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/pollution/03pointsource.html|title=NOAA's National Ocean Service Education: Nonpoint Source Pollution |publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |website=oceanservice.noaa.gov|language=EN-US|access-date=2017-02-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Don haka, a cikin mafi yawan misalan gurbacewa daga bayyanannen tushe, rashin kyawun masana'antu da kula da ruwan tuka suna bayyana sosai a jerin; kodayake ba su cika faruwa ba, amma, duk da haka, suna da haɗari daidai gwargwado—idan ma ba su fi haka ba—malalar mai wani shahararren misali ne na gurbacewa daga bayyanannen tushe. A gefe guda kuma, hanyoyin gurbacewa marasa bayyana sune waɗanda zasu iya fitowa daga wurare daban-daban, waɗanda a ciki, rashin kyawun ayyukan noma da rashin kula da su sosai zasu iya shafar ingancin kowane tushen ruwa na kusa.&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/other/agricultural/contamination.html|title=Water Contamination &amp;#124; Other Uses of Water &amp;#124; Healthy Water {{!}} CDC|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2017-02-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bayyanannun hanyoyin gurbacewa ===
* '''Kayayyakin masana'antu da shararsu''': Ana amfani da sinadarai masu haɗari da yawa a cikin kasuwanci da masana'antu na cikin gida. Waɗannan zasu iya zama masu gurbata ruwan sha idan ba a sarrafa su da kyau ba. Mafi yawan hanyoyin irin waɗannan matsalolin sune:
** '''Kasuwancin cikin gida''': Masana'antu, injinan samar da kayayyaki, har ma da ƙananan kasuwanni kamar gidajen mai da wuraren wanke tufafi suna amfani da sinadarai masu haɗari daban-daban waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa ta tsanaki. Malala da rashin zubar da waɗannan sinadarai ko na sharan masana'antu yadda ya kamata na iya yi wa ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa barazana.

Tushen kusan dukkanin ruwa mai tsafta shine hazo daga sararin samaniya, a cikin nau'ikan hazo, ruwan sama da ƙanƙara, a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin ruwa na tsawon dubunnan shekaru da kuma a yau. Ruwa mai tsafta ya ƙunshi kashi 3 kacal na dukkan ruwan da ke duniya, kuma daga cikin wannan, fiye da kashi biyu bisa uku yana daskare a cikin ƙanƙara na glaciers da yankuna masu sanyi na polar.&lt;ref name=&quot;USGS dist&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/waterdistribution.html|title=Earth's water distribution|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=2009-05-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran ruwa mai tsafta da bai daskare ba galibi ana samunsa ne a matsayin ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa, tare da ƙaramin kaso kaɗan da ke cikin iska, ko a saman ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Scientific Facts on Water: State of the Resource |publisher=GreenFacts Website |access-date=2008-01-31 |url=http://www.greenfacts.org/en/water-resources/index.htm#2}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** '''Bututu da tankunan ƙarƙashin ƙasa masu yoyo''': Kayayyakin fetur, sinadarai, da sharar da aka adana a cikin tankunan adana kayayyaki na ƙarƙashin ƙasa da bututu na iya ƙarewa a cikin ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Tankuna da bututu suna yoyo idan an gina su ko an sanya su ba daidai ba. Tankunan ƙarfe da bututu suna tsatsewa saboda tsufa. Ana yawan samun tankuna a gonaki. Yiwuwar samun tankuna masu yoyo yana da yawa a tsofaffin gonaki da aka yi watsi da su. Tankunan gona an keɓance su daga dokokin EPA na tankunan fetur da sinadarai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Contaminated Water&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.epa.gov/privatewells/potential-well-water-contaminants-and-their-impacts |title=Human Health and Contaminated Water |publisher=United States Environmental Protection Agency |date=6 May 2015 |language=en |access-date=2017-03-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** '''Wuraren zubar da shara''': Wuraren zubar da shara na zamani an tsara su ne don ƙunshi kowane ruwa mai yoyo, amma ambaliyar ruwa na iya ɗaukar abubuwan gurbatawa ta kan iyakokin. Tsofaffin wuraren zubar da shara na iya samun abubuwa daban-daban masu gurbata muhalli waɗanda zasu iya shiga cikin ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
* '''Sharan gida''': Rashin zubar da kayayyaki da yawa na yau da kullum yadda ya kamata na iya gurbata ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da sinadaran wanke-wanke, man inji da aka yi amfani da shi, fenti, da sinadaran rage kaurin fenti. Hatta sabulu da detarjan na iya cutar da ruwan sha. Waɗannan galibi matsala ce daga tankunan rami na bayan gida marasa kyau da kuma wuraren tacewa na rami.&lt;ref name=&quot;Contaminated Water&quot; /&gt;
* '''Dalma da jan ƙarfe''': Ba a cika samun babban taro na dalma (lead) a cikin asalin ruwa ba. Yawancin lokaci ana samun dalma a cikin kayan aikin famfo na gida. Gidajen da aka gina kafin shekara ta 1986 sun fi yuwuwar samun bututun dalma, kayan aiki, da sayarwa. Dalma na iya shiga cikin tsarin ruwa lokacin da waɗannan kayan aikin famfo suka tsatse. Acid ko alkalinity na ruwa - ko na kowane bayani - ana bayyana shi azaman pH, daga 0-14. Kowane abu mai tsaka-tsaki, alal misali, yana da pH na 7. Acid suna da pH ƙasa da 7, tushe (alkaline) ya fi 7 pH yana shafar tsatsa sosai. Zazzabi da abubuwan ma'adinai kuma suna shafar yadda yake da lahani. Dalma a cikin ruwan sha na iya haifar da il
=== Hanyoyin gurbacewa marasa bayyana ===
Ayyukan noma da ke haifar da gurbacewa maras bayyana sun haɗa da:
* Gudanar da ayyukan ciyar da dabbobi maras kyau
* Kiwo fiye da kima
* Yin aiki da ƙasa fiye da kima (alal misali, yin noma sau da yawa)
* Rashin kula da kuma rashin tasirin yin amfani da magungunan kashe kwari, ruwan ban ruwa, da takin zamani.&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov&quot; /&gt;
* '''Kwayoyin cuta (bacteria) da sinadarin nitrate''': Ana samun waɗannan abubuwan gurbatawa a cikin sharan bil'adama da na dabbobi. Tankunan rami na bayan gida ko kuma yawan dabbobin gona na iya haifar da gurbacewar kwayoyin cuta da nitrate. Dole ne a kula da tsarin tankunan rami da takin gargajiya na dabbobi da kyau don hana gurbacewar rijiyoyin kashin kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Contaminated Water&quot; /&gt;
* '''Harkokin ciyar da dabbobi masu yawa a wuri ɗaya''': Adadin harkokin ciyar da dabbobi masu yawa a wuri ɗaya, wanda galibi ake kira &quot;gonakin masana'antu,&quot; yana ƙaruwa. A waɗannan gonakin, ana rera dubun-dubatar dabbobi a cikin ƙaramin fili. Maƙudan sharan dabbobi/takin gargajiya daga waɗannan gonakin na iya yi wa hanyoyin samar da ruwa barazana. Ana buƙatar tsatstauran gudanarwa da taka-tsantsan na takin gargajiya don hana matsalolin kwayoyin cuta da na abinci a cikin rijiyoyin kashin kai. Gishiri daga manyan matakan takin gargajiya na iya gurbata ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Contaminated Water&quot; /&gt;
* '''Masanan ƙarfe masu nauyi (heavy metals)''': Ayyuka kamar hakar ma'adinai da gine-gine na iya fitar da mazaunai masu yawa na ƙarfe masu nauyi zuwa cikin hanyoyin ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa na kusa. Wasu tsofaffin gonakin bishiyar riga na iya ƙunsar manyan matakan sinadarin arsenic, wanda aka taɓa amfani da shi azaman maganin kashe kwari. A manyan matakai, waɗannan ƙarfe suna haifar da haɗari ga lafiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Contaminated Water&quot; /&gt;
* '''Takin zamani da magungunan kashe kwari''': Manoma suna amfani da takin zamani da magungunan kashe kwari don haɓaka girma da rage lalacewar kwari. Ana amfani da waɗannan kayayyakin kuma a fagen wasan golf da lambuna da shuke-shuken kewayen birni. Sinadaran da ke cikin waɗannan kayayyakin na iya ƙarewa a cikin ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Gwargwadon gurbacewar ya dogara ne akan nau'ikan da adadin sinadaran da aka amfani da su da kuma yadda aka yayyafa su. Yanayin muhalli na cikin gida (kamar nau'ikan ƙasa, ƙanƙara na lokaci, da ruwan sama) suma suna tasiri ga yuwuwar gurbacewarsu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Contaminated Water&quot; /&gt; Ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa yawanci zai bayyana sarai kuma mai tsafta saboda ƙasa tana tace barbashin abubuwa ta hanyar dabi'a. Amma, ana iya samun sinadarai na dabi'a da na ɗan adam a cikin ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Yayin da ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa ke gudana ta cikin ƙasa, ƙarfe kamar baki da manganese suna narkewa kuma ana iya samunsu daga baya a cikin manyan matakai a cikin ruwan. Fitar da kayan masana'antu, ayyukan birane, noma, famfon ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa, da zubar da shara duk zasu iya shafar ingancin ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Abubuwan gurbatawa zasu iya kasancewa na ɗan adam ne, kamar daga tankunan mai masu yoyo ko malalar sinadarai masu guba. Magungunan kashe kwari da takin zamani da aka yayyafa wa ciyayi da amfanin gona zasu iya taruwa kuma su yi hijira zuwa matakin ruwa. Yoyo daga tankunan rami na bayan gida da/ko wuraren zubar da shara shima zai iya shigar da kwayoyin cuta cikin ruwan, kuma magungunan kashe kwari da takin zamani da ke shiga cikin ƙasar noma a ƙarshe zasu iya ƙarewa a cikin ruwan da ake jawowa daga rijiya. Ko kuma, ana iya sanya rijiya a ƙasar da aka taɓa amfani da ita don wani abu kamar wurin zubar da shara ko sinadarai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://water.usgs.gov/edu/groundwater-contaminants.html|title=Contaminants Found in Groundwater, USGS Water Science School|last=USGS|first=Howard Perlman|website=water.usgs.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-02-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gurbataccen ruwan gudu yana samuwa ne ta hanyar ruwan sama ko narkar da ƙanƙara da ke motsawa a saman ƙasa da cikinta. Yayin da ruwan gudun ke motsawa, yana ɗauka kuma yana kwashe abubuwan gurbatawa na dabi'a da na ɗan adam, a ƙarshe yana ajiye su a cikin madatsun ruwa ta hanyar tafkuna, koguna, fadama, ruwan teku, har ma da hanyoyinmu na ƙarƙashin ƙasa na ruwan sha.&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov&quot; /&gt; A shekara ta 2002, a cikin rahoton Ƙididdigar Ingancin Ruwa na Ƙasa ga Majalisar Dokokin Amurka, ƙasashe sun ba da rahoton cewa gurbacewar noma maras bayyana (NPS) ita ce babbar hanyar da ke jifashewar koguna da rafuka da kuma hanya ta biyu mafi girma ta jifashewa a cikin tafkuna, wuraren waha, da madatsun ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov&quot; /&gt;

== Siyasar ruwa ta ƙasashe ==

=== Ƙasashen OECD ===
[[File:Hopetoun falls.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Mabayon ruwa na Hopetoun kusa da Otway National Park, Victoria, Australia]]
Tare da kusan cubic mitoci 2,000 na ruwa da kowane mutum ke amfani da shi a shekara, Amurka ce ke jagorantar duniya wajen amfani da ruwa ga kowane mutum. A cikin ƙasashen OECD masu tasowa, Amurka ce mafi girma a amfani da ruwa, sannan Canada mai cubic mitoci 1,600 na ruwa ga kowane mutum a shekara, wanda ya kusan ninka adadin ruwan da matsakaicin mutum ke amfani da shi a ƙasar Faransa, ya ninka na matsakaicin ɗan Jamus sau uku, kuma ya kusan ninka na matsakaicin ɗan Denmark sau takwas. Wani rahoto na Jami'ar Victoria na shekara bincike ta 2001 ya nuna cewa tun daga shekarar 1980, amfani da ruwa gabaɗaya a Canada ya ƙaru da kashi 25.7%. Wannan ya ninka ƙaruwar gabaɗaya ta ƙasashen OECD sau biyar wadda take kashi 4.5%. Sabanin haka, ƙasashe tara na OECD sun sami damar rage yawan amfani da ruwansu gabaɗaya tun daga shekarar 1980 (Sweden, Netherlands, Amurka, Burtaniya, Jamhuriyar Czech, Luxembourg, Poland, Finland da Denmark).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.environmentalindicators.com/htdocs/indicators/6wate.htm Water consumption indicator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415044735/http://www.environmentalindicators.com/htdocs/indicators/6wate.htm |date=2016-04-15 }} in the OECD countries&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Golf 'is water hazard' |work=BBC News |date=March 17, 2003 |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2857587.stm |first=Ben |last=Sutherland}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Indiya ===
{{Main|Sharing the water of the Ganges}}
[[File:Ganges River Delta, Bangladesh, India.jpg|thumb|left|Mabayon kogin Ganges, Bangladesh da Indiya]]

==== Indiya–Bangladesh ====
Ana takaddama kan kogin Ganges tsakanin Indiya da Bangladesh. Ana saurin shanyewa da gurbata rumbun adana ruwan, yayin da ƙanƙara na Gangotri wanda ke ciyar da kogin ke ja da baya da daruruwan ƙafafu a kowace shekara&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/global-warming/Decline-in-the-retreat-of-Gangotri-glacier-Study/articleshow/2770963.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021041619/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-10/global-warming/27756035_1_gangotri-glacier-maximum-recession-frequent-snowfall |url-status=live |archive-date=October 21, 2012 |work=The Times of India |title=Decline in the retreat of Gangotri glacier: Study |date=February 10, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; (masana suna ɗora alhakin akan canjin yanayi&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc_ganges&quot; /&gt;) kuma sare bishiyoyi a yankin Himalayas yana haifar da bushewar rafukan ƙarƙashin ƙasa da ke kwarara zuwa kogin Ganges. A can ƙasa kuma, Indiya tana sarrafa kwararar ruwa zuwa Bangladesh ta hanyar madatsar ruwa ta Farakka Barrage, mai nisan kilomita 10 (miliyal 6) a ɓangaren iyakar Indiya. Har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1990, Indiya ta yi amfani da madatsar ruwan don karkatar da kogin zuwa Calcutta, don hana tashar jiragen ruwa na birnin bushewa lokacin rani. Wannan ya hana manoman Bangladesh ruwa da laka, kuma ya bar fadama na Sundarban da dazuzzukan mangrove da ke bakin kogin cikin babban haɗari. Kasashen biyu yanzu sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar raba ruwan cikin daidaito. Sai dai ingancin ruwan ya kasance babbar matsala, tare da manyan matakan arsenic da ruwan tuka mara tace a cikin ruwan kogin.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc_ganges&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Ganges river – water hot spots |publisher=BBC News |date=n.d. |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/world/03/world_forum/water/html/river_ganges.stm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Indiya–Pakistan ====
Kwanan nan Indiya ta fara gina madatsar ruwa ta Kishanganga Dam, wanda hakan ya hana Pakistan kashi 33 cikin ɗari na ruwanta da ke fitowa daga kogin Jehlum. Pakistan na gina irin wannan madatsar ruwa mai suna Neelum Jehlum Dam. Bayan yarjejeniyar Indo Pak ta shekarar 1960, kogunan Ravi da Sutleg na Indiya ne yayin da Jehlum, Chenab, da Indus na Pakistan ne. Amma har yanzu akwai rashin gamsuwa da ke ƙaruwa a ɓangaren Pakistan game da raba ruwanta da Indiya.

==== Rikicin Kaveri ====

=== Mexico ===
Mexico ta fuskanci manyan matsaloli wajen hana gurbacewar ruwa da kuma raba tsaftataccen ruwa ga gidaje da kasuwanni. Yayin da al'umma ta ci gaba da bunƙasa, kuma aka samu haɓakar birane, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da ƙaruwar kasuwanci, buƙatar tsaftataccen ruwa ta ƙaru.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hearne 2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Hearne|first=Robert R.|date=2004|title=Evolving water management institutions in Mexico: EVOLVING WATER MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONS IN MEXICO|journal=Water Resources Research|language=en|volume=40|issue=12|doi=10.1029/2003WR002745|bibcode=2004WRR....4012S04H|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sai dai gurbacewar da ke da alaƙa da ci gaban tattalin arziki da masana'antu haɗe da yanayin bushewar ƙasa sun iyakance damar samun tsaftataccen ruwa ga gidaje da kamfanoni da yawa. Yanayin da riga ya bushe yana da sauƙin fuskantar fari tare da ƙaruwar matsalolin canjin yanayi, wanda hakan zai iya ƙara cikas ga samun ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Ilgen|first1=Silvana|last2=Sengers|first2=Frans|last3=Wardekker|first3=Arjan|date=2019|title=City-To-City Learning for Urban Resilience: The Case of Water Squares in Rotterdam and Mexico City|journal=Water|language=en|volume=11|issue=5|pages=983|doi=10.3390/w11050983|doi-access=free|bibcode=2019Water..11..983I |url=https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/380617/Ilgen_ea_City_to_city_learning_urban_resilience_2019.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mexico ta dogara ne akan ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa don samar da ruwansu, wanda hakan ya haifar da gagarumin amfani da aquifers saboda haka ya ƙara tsadar samun ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hearne 2004&quot; /&gt; Birnin Mexico shine birni mafi girma da kuma tsakiyar birni mai matukar buƙatar ruwan sha. Ruwan da tsarin &quot;Sistema de Aguas de la Ciudad de Mexico&quot; (SCAMEX) ke samarwa yana da inganci da kashi 98% kawai, saboda haka ya bar kusan gidaje 48,000 a cikin birnin kaɗai ba tare da ruwa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rodríguez-Tapia etal 2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Rodríguez-Tapia|first1=Lilia|last2=Revollo-Fernández|first2=Daniel A.|last3=Morales-Novelo|first3=Jorge A.|date=2017|title=Household's Perception of Water Quality and Willingness to Pay for Clean Water in Mexico City|journal=Economies|language=en|volume=5|issue=2|pages=12|doi=10.3390/economies5020012|doi-access=free|hdl=10419/197015|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sai dai hatta waɗanda ke da damar samun ruwan da birnin ke samarwa sun kasance ba su gamsu ba. Hatta waɗanda riga aka haɗa su da SCAMEX suna fuskantar matsaloli saboda asarar ruwa da rashin ingancinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rodríguez-Tapia etal 2017&quot; /&gt; A Birnin Mexico, an ƙiyasta cewa kashi 40% na ruwan birnin yana ɓacewa ta hanyar bututu masu yoyo da aka gina a farkon ƙarni na 20. Dangane da sakamakon wani bincike na shekarar 2011, kashi 87% na gidaje a Birnin Mexico sun gwammace su sami ruwan da ake amfani da shi don girki da sha ta wasu hanyoyin daban ba na famfo ba. Hanyoyin daban na samun ruwa sun haɗa da: siyan ruwan kwalba ko na'urorin tace ruwa, ko tafasa ruwa kafin a sha. Matsalar ita ce waɗannan hanyoyin daban yawanci sun fi tsada sosai fiye da amfani da ruwan da ake samarwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rodríguez-Tapia etal 2017&quot; /&gt;

=== Gabas Ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka ===
A Gabas Ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka (MENA), ruwa wani muhimmin albarkatu ne kuma lamari ne na siyasa. Dangane da rahoton ƙungiyar ƙasashen Larabawa (Arab League) a shekarar 1999, kashi biyu bisa uku na ƙasashen Larabawa suna da ƙasa da cubic mitoci 1,000 na ruwa ga kowace shekara ga kowane mutum, wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin iyaka. Zuwa shekarar 2025, an yi hasashen cewa ƙasashen yankin Larabawa (Arabian Peninsula) zasu riƙa amfani da fiye da ninki biyu na adadin ruwan da ke samuwa a gare su ta dabi'a. Zuwa shekarar 2030, a cewar Bankin Duniya, yankin MENA zai kasance ƙarƙashin iyakar ƙarancin ruwa na gaske, kamar yadda Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ayyana. Tare da saurin haɓakar yawan jama'a da canjin yanayi, ƙarancin ruwa ba zai iya raguwa ba. Ganin waɗannan alkaluma da hasashe, yawanci ana fassara ruwa a matsayin mai ƙaranci a yankin MENA saboda haka galibi ana amfani da shi azaman bayani na rikice-rikice da rashin daidaiton siyasa a yankin. Sai dai masana sun yi jayayya cewa wannan wani nau'i ne na siffantawa, domin matsalar ba lallai ba ce ta samuwa ko rashin samun ruwa illa dai yadda ake raba shi da amfani da shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Alatout |first=Samer |date=2009 |title=Bringing Abundance into Environmental Politics: Constructing a Zionist Network of Water Abundance, Immigration, and Colonization |journal=Social Studies of Science |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=363–365, 384 |doi=10.1177/0306312708101979 |pmid=19848183 |bibcode=2009SSS....39..363A }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Barnes |first=Jessica |date=2020 |title=Water in the Middle East: A Primer |url=https://merip.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/MERIP-Primer-on-Water-in-the-Middle-East.pdf |journal=Middle East Report |volume=296 |pages=1–9 |via=Middle East Research and Information Project |access-date=2026-06-26 |archive-date=2020-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127140347/https://merip.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/MERIP-Primer-on-Water-in-the-Middle-East.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin mahallin Gabas Ta Tsakiya, tare da bambancin yanayi na ƙasashe, yankuna, akidu, kabilu, addinai da asalin ƙasashen Larabawa gabaɗaya, siyasar ruwa ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a rikice-rikice tsakanin Iraki, Siriya, da Turkiyya; Masar da sauran ƙasashen da ke bakin kogin Nilu; da kuma Isra'ila da Palasɗinu. A yankin MENA, dukkan manyan koguna suna ratsa aƙalla iyakar ƙasa ɗaya ta duniya, kamar su Tigris da Euphrates da suka ratsa manyan ƙasashen Gabas Ta Tsakiya guda uku. Kogin Nilu ma ya ratsa ƙasashe sha ɗaya. Wannan yana nufin cewa ƙasashen da ke can ƙasan koguna suna fuskantar babban tasiri sakamakon ayyuka da shawarwarin ƙasashen da ke saman kogunan, jarumin da ba su da ikon iko da shi a aikace. Musamman wannan yana bayyana tare da yuwuwar yanke ko rage samar da ruwa daga wannan ƙasa zuwa ta gaba. Bayan koguna, sauran ruwaye a Gabas Ta Tsakiya waɗanda ke da muhimmanci ga yankin da kasuwancin duniya sune magudanar ruwa ta Suez Canal, mashigin Bab-el-Mandeb Strait, mashigin Strait of Hormuz, da Tekun Fasiya (Persian Gulf).

==== Taƙaitaccen bayani ta ƙasashe ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+
!Ƙasa
!Siyasar Ruwa
|-
|{{Flag|Algeria}}
|Karancin ruwa wata matsala ce da ke ƙaruwa a Algeria, wadda canjin yanayi da lokutan fari ke ƙarfafawa. A shekarar 2024, zanga-zanga akan siyasar ruwa ta gwamnati ta faru a birnin Tiaret. Don tabbatar da samar da ruwan sha da ruwa ga sassan noma da masana'antu, da kuma rage haɗarin ƙaruwar ƙarancin ruwa a matsayin sakamakon canjin yanayi, Algeria ta samar da kasafin kuɗi na dalar Amurka biliyan 5.4 don haɓaka fasahar tace ruwan teku (desalination) a ƙasar. Zuwa shekarar 2030, ƙasar tana da burin samar da kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na ruwanta ta hanyar tace ruwan teku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Goosen |first=Matthew |date=2025-02-05 |title=Algeria Commits $5.4B to Desalination for Long-Term Water Security |url=https://energycapitalpower.com/algeria-commits-5-4b-to-desalination-for-long-term-water-security/ |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=energycapitalpower.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Bahrain}}
|Siyasar ruwa ta kafa wani muhimmin alfarma ga Bahrain, kasancewarta tsibiri. Kamar sauran ƙasashe a yankin, albarkatun ruwa na dabi'a a Bahrain suna da ƙaranci. Don biyan buƙatun ruwanta, ƙasar tana amfani da fasahohi kamar tace ruwan teku, da kuma tace ruwan wanke-wanke (greywater) don ban ruwa. Waɗannan fasahohi sun ba Bahrain damar rage raguwar albarkatun ruwa marasa dorewa da kashi 20% tsakanin shekarar 2000 da 2021. Waɗannan manufofi na amfani da ruwa cikin inganci da dorewa suna kunshe a cikin hangen nesan Bahrain na shekarar 2030 (Bahrain Vision 2030) kuma ci gaban da aka samu ya sa ƙasar ta yi ikirarin &quot;jagoranci&quot; a wannan fanni. Tuni a shekarun 1980 aka aiwatar da dokoki daban-daban don gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a masarautar cikin inganci da dorewa, wanda hukumomin ƙasa daban-daban ke aiwatarwa da sanyawa idanu.
|-
|{{Flag|Egypt}}
|Siyasar ruwa ta Masar tana da babban tasiri sakamakon yarjejeniyoyin Nilu da aka rattaba hannu a kai a shekarun 1902, 1929, da 1959. A cikin waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin, an tabbatar da ikon mallakar da Masar ta ayyana wa kanta akan Nilu, kuma an ba Masar damar samun mafi yawan ruwan Nilu, gami da haƙƙin dakatar da ayyukan gine-gine da ke shafar Nilu a ƙasashen da ke saman kogi. Duk da cewa sauran ƙasashe suna ɗaukar waɗannan yarjejeniyoyi a matsayin kayayyakin mulkin mallaka, Masar tana ɗaukarsu a matsayin waɗanda doka ta ɗaurata da su.

A cikin tsanantar kishin ƙasa da kuma ikirarin zuriyar Masarawa na zamani daga Masarawan da suka gabata (Pharaonic), kogin Nilu ya zama wani ɓangare na asalin ƙasar Masar. Wannan kuma yana bayyana a cikin sanya batun Nilu a matsayin lamari na tsaro, inda ake yawan haɗa kogin da wanzuwar ƙasar. Wani muhimmin mataki ga Masar ta zamani, wajen haɓaka amfani da Nilu a fannoni da yawa, shine gina madatsar ruwa ta Aswan High Dam ƙarƙashin Gamal Abdel Nasser a shekarar 1970. Baya ga Aswan High Dam, Toshka wani muhimmin shiri ne na siyasar ruwa a Masar. Toshka wani babban shiri ne na ƙirƙirar sabon birni a kudancin hamadar Masar, ta amfani da ruwa daga tafkin Lake Nasser don samun sabuwar ƙasar noma da rage matsin lamba daga matsaloli kamar yawan jama'a da ƙarancin abinci. Sai dai ba a taɓa kammala shirin ba.

Tun lokacin da Habasha ta sanar da gina madatsar ruwa ta Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam a shekarar 2011, siyasar ruwa ta Masar ta kasance ƙarƙashin takaddama kan ginin da kuma daga baya cikawa da sarrafa madatsar ruwan. Masar ta yi tsayayya da madatsar ruwan, tana fargabar cewa zai rage adadin ruwan da take samu daga Nilu. A cewar Masar, madatsar ruwan yana cin karo da yarjejeniyoyin Nilu da Dokar Ruwa ta Duniya, kuma yana barazana ga tsaron ruwa na Masar da Sudan. Masar tana fargabar cewa madatsar ruwan na Renaissance zai haifar da ƙarancin kwararar ruwa a can ƙasan Nilu, wanda hakan zai shafi tsaron ruwanta, domin ƙasar ta dogara kacokan akan kogin Nilu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Milas |first=Seifulaziz Leo |title=Sharing the Nile: Egypt, Ethiopia and the geo-politics of water |date=2013 |publisher=Pluto Press |isbn=978-1-84964-813-4 |location=London |pages=28}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Iran}}
|
A ƙasar Iran tun daga shekarun 1980 zuwa sama, an sami manufar ruwa wacce a yanzu take nuna cewa ba ta duba makoma ba. Musamman a shekarun 1990, ginin ayyukan samar da ruwa, kamar madatsun ruwa, da kuma rijiyoyin hakar ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa ya ƙaru, kuma a yau, yayin da al'umma ke ƙaruwa cikin sauri, albarkatun ruwa da yanayin ayyukan samar da ruwan suna lalacewa cikin sauri. A cikin hanyoyin yanke shawara na siyasa, gargaɗi daga masana an yi watsi da shi—kuma har yanzu ana watsi da shi—sau da yawa, wanda hakan ya sa wasu ke magana a kan &quot;mafiyar ruwa.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dagres |first=Holly |dat to e=2024-01-22 |title=A thirsty reality: Iran's dire water situation |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/iransource/iran-water-environment-us-policy/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=Atlantic Council |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bisa ga wani bincike da Allan Hassaniyan ya gudanar, siyasar ruwa a Iran tana fuskantar gagarumin tasiri daga rashawa, nuna bambancin dangi, da kuma abin da ake kira &quot;wariyar launin fata na muhalli,&quot; domin masu yanke shawara na siyasa galibi suna amfani da yanayi da asusun gwamnati don ƙarkatar da ƙarin ruwa zuwa yankunansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maddern |first=Kerra |date=2024-06-12 |title=Iran's water policy is discriminatory and an example of &quot;environmental racism&quot;, study says |url=https://news.exeter.ac.uk/faculty-of-humanities-arts-and-social-sciences/irans-war-policy-is-discriminatory-and-an-example-of-environmental-racism-study-says/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sakamakon ƙarin rashin gudanarwa nagari da kuma burin gwamnatin na samun wadatar abinci da kanta, wanda takunkumin da aka ƙaƙaba wa Iran ya shafa, fannin aikin gona yana buƙata kuma yana amfani da mafi yawan ruwan da ke akwai ba bisa ƙa'ida ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1935-01-01 |title=Water stress and political tensions in Iran {{!}} Climate-Diplomacy |url=https://climate-diplomacy.org/case-studies/water-stress-and-political-tensions-iran |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=climate-diplomacy.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waɗannan abubuwan da ke faruwa suna da alaƙa da wasu manyan matsaloli da ke rage samun ruwa, kamar canjin yanayi da gishirin ƙasa, kuma suna haifar da ƙarancin ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=How the EU Can Help Iran Tackle Water Scarcity |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2022/07/how-the-eu-can-help-iran-tackle-water-scarcity?lang=en&amp;center=europe |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace | date=7 July 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Iraq}}
|Bayan boren shekarar 1991 a Iraq, Saddam Hussein ya kwashe ruwan dausayin Iraq a matsayin ɗaukar fansa a kan Larabawan Dausayi da ke zaune a yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Von Lossow |first=Tobias |date=2016 |title=Water as Weapon: IS on the Euphrates and Tigris. The Systematic Instrumentalisation of Water Entails Conflicting IS Objectives. |journal=SWP Comments |volume=3 |pages=7}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lalata dausayin, da kuma abin da ke da alaƙa da hakan, ya shafi mazaunin Larabawan Dausayi, wanda hakan misali ne inda aka yi amfani da ruwa a matsayin makami a dabarun yaƙi da tayar da ƙayar baya. Ana ɗaukar hakan a matsayin kisan ƙare dangi da kuma kisan gillar muhalli. Bayan yaƙi da tayar da ƙayar baya, masana kuma suna jayayya cewa nuna bambancin ɓangaranci ya taka rawa wajen lalata dausayin, domin mafi yawan mutanen wannan yanki 'Yan Shi'a ne. Yayin da gwamnatin Iraq ta zargi ƙasar Turkiyya da rage ƙwararar ruwan koramar Furat zuwa Iraq yayin ginin Madatsar Ruwa ta Atatürk, wanda hakan ya sa aka kwashe ruwan dausayin, masana sun bayyana cewa kusan duk lalacewar ƙasar Iraq ce ta yi ta. Don kwashe ruwan dausayin, an ƙarkatar da ruwa daga Furat da Dijlah zuwa ramin da ake kira &quot;Kogi na Uku,&quot; wani aiki na gwamnati da ke da nufin ƙara ƙasan noma mai albarka a Iraq. Bayan mamayar da Amurka ta yi wa Iraq a shekarar 2003, jami'an Iraq, sojojin Amurka, da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun yi yunkurin mayar da dausayin yadda yake a baya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ahram |first=Ariel I. |date=2015 |title=Development, Counterinsurgency, and the Destruction of the Iraqi Marshes |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=447–466 |doi=10.1017/S0020743815000495 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
A halin yanzu, manufofin ruwa na Iraq sun haɗa da manufar inganta alaƙa da haɗin gwiwa da ƙasashe maƙwabta don rage matsalolin da suka shafi rashin daidaiton samun ruwa, gami da shigar da ƙasashen duniya kamar ƙasar Netherlands.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-13 |title=Iraqi officials strengthen their collaborative approach to water management and governance |url=https://www.un-ihe.org/news/iraqi-officials-strengthen-their-collaborative-approach-water-management-and-governance |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=www.un-ihe.org |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; A farkon shekarar 2025, Iraq da Burtaniya sun amince da wani aiki na fam biliyan 5.3 don inganta samar da ruwa a yankunan kudu maso yammacin ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-01-14 |title=Iraq, UK agree on trade package worth up to $15 billion, defence deal |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iraq-uk-agree-trade-package-worth-up-123-billion-pounds-iraqi-pm-office-says-2025-01-14/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|ISIS}}
|Kodayake ba ƙasa ba ce, ISIS ta kasance muhimmiyar runduna a cikin siyasar ruwa na yankin lokacin da take da daular Islama. Yankunan da ISIS ke iko da su a Gabas Ta Tsakiya sun ƙunshi hanyoyin samar da ruwa masu mahimmanci ga al'ummar Siriya da Iraq. Gine-gine kamar madatsun ruwa ko wuraren ajiya sun kasance muhimman manufofin dabarun yaƙi ga ISIS, wanda tun daga shekarar 2014 ya kai ga manyan yaƙe-yaƙe da suka sa a ƙarshe ISIS ta mamaye yawancin ayyukan samar da ruwa a gefen koramar Furat da Dijlah a Siriya da Iraq. Bayan haka, an yi amfani da ruwa a matsayin makami ta hanyar haifar da ƙarancin ruwa, ambaliya, da kuma sa guba a cikin ruwa. An yi amfani da waɗannan dabarun don yaƙin soja da kuma kai wa fararen hula hari. Sarrafa muhimmin albarkatu kamar ruwa ya ba ISIS iko, ba wai kawai a matsayin makami ba har ma a matsayin alama, wanda ke nuna burin ƙungiyar na maye gurbin ƙasashe da ke akwai. Bugu da ƙari, ISIS ta yi amfani da ruwa da wutar lantarki da aka samar daga madatsun ruwa don mabiya bayanta, yankunanta, da kuma hakar mai. Tarwatsa madatsun ruwa kuma an ɗauke shi a matsayin zaɓi na gaske a cikin dabarun ISIS idan har ta rasa duk yankunanta kuma tana dab da shan kashi. A shekarar 2014, musamman ma idan ISIS ta lalata Madatsar Ruwa ta Mosul, da hakan ya haifar da mummunan sakamako, inda zai lalata garuruwan Mosul da Baghdad gaba ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Von Lossow |first=Tobias |date=2016 |title=Water as Weapon: IS on the Euphrates and Tigris. The Systematic Instrumentalisation of Water Entails Conflicting IS Objectives |journal=SWP Comments |volume=3 |pages=1–8}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Israel}}
|
Yayin gano mazaunan sahyoniyawan a Falasdinu kafin kafa ƙasar Israel a shekarar 1948, sarrafa ruwa ya kasance kayan aiki don ƙara ƙarfin iko a yankin. Tun daga shekarun 1930, masana sahyoniyawa da kamfanonin ruwa suka ayyana ruwa a matsayin wadataccen albarkatu a Falasdinu. Anyi amfani da wannan hujja don ba da damar ƙarfafa mazauna a Falasdinu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Alatout |first=Samer |date=2009 |title=Bringing Abundance into Environmental Politics: Constructing a Zionist Network of Water Abundance, Immigration, and Colonization |journal=Social Studies of Science |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=372–379, 384–385 |doi=10.1177/0306312708101979 |pmid=19848183 |bibcode=2009SSS....39..363A }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Israel tana taka rawar gani sosai wajen inganta ayyukan samar da ruwa da hanyoyin ƙara samun ruwa a ƙasar. Wannan ya haɗa da tace ruwan teku, sabbin dabarun ban ruwa, sake amfani da ruwa, da madatsun ruwa don dacewa da saurin ƙaruwar jama'a da haɓakar tattalin arziki. Koyaushe dai, ana iya lura da bambance-bambance wajen samun ruwa domin mutanen Bedouin na Negev da mazauna yankunan da aka mamaye suna da ƙarancin damar samun ruwa sosai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-11-06 |title=Israel's sustainable water management plans |url=https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/ipac-policies-in-practice_22632907-en/israel-s-sustainable-water-management-plans_d81db5f5-en.html? |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=OECD |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Marin |first1=Philippe |last2=Tal |first2=Shimon |last3=Yeres |first3=Joshua |last4=Ringskog |first4=Klas |date=2017 |title=Water Management in Israel: Key Innovations and Lessons Learned for Water-Scarce Countries |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/657531504204943236/pdf/Water-management-in-Israel-key-innovations-and-lessons-learned-for-water-scarce-countries.pdf? |journal=Water Global Practice |via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ruwa muhimmiyar magana ce a rikicin Larabawa da Israel, kuma a cewar tsohon firaministan Israel Ariel Sharon, yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka haifar da Yaƙin Kwanaki Shida na shekarar 1967.&lt;ref name=&quot;darwish03&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=May 30, 2003 |title=Analysis: Middle East water wars, by Abel Darwish |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2949768.stm |work=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mataki na 40 na rataye na B na yarjejeniyar Oslo ta ranar 28 ga Satumba, 1995 ya bayyana cewa &quot;Israel ta amince da haƙƙoƙin Falasɗinawa a kan ruwa a Gabar Yamma da Kogin Jordan&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;drought_middle_east&quot;&gt;See Christian Chesnot in {{cite news |date=February 2000 |title=Drought in the Middle East |url=http://mondediplo.com/2000/02/08chesnot |work=[[Le Monde diplomatique]]}} – French original version freely available [https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2000/02/CHESNOT/13213.html here].&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, a cikin yaƙin Gaza da ke gudana, masana, masu fafutuka, da 'yan siyasa daban-daban suna sukar kasar Israel saboda amfani da ruwa a matsayin makami. An katse hanyoyin samar da ruwa zuwa yankin Gaza sannan an auna ayyukan samar da ruwa mai tsafta da na ruwan shaƙa. Yoav Gallant, tsohon ministan tsaron Israel, ya bayyana cewa: “Muna kakaba wa Gaza babban kawanya. Ba za a sami wutar lantarki, abinci, ruwa, ko mai ba, komai zai kasance a rufe.” Wannan amfani da ruwa a matsayin makami da sakamakonsa a kan fararen hula a Gaza ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin laifukan yaƙi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-02-21 |title=the weaponisation of water in gaza |url=https://www.dutchscholarsforpalestine.nl/the-weaponisation-of-water-in-gaza |access-date=2025-03-19 |website=Dutch Scholars for Palestine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Hall |first1=Natasha |last2=Kirschenbaum |first2=Anita |last3=Michel |first3=David |date=2024-01-12 |title=The Siege of Gaza's Water |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/siege-gazas-water |journal=Center for Strategic &amp; International Studies |language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;
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|{{Flag|Jordan}}
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Sakamakon matsayinta na can ƙasa a magudanar Kogin Jordan da Kogin Yarmouk, samar da ruwa na Jordan ya dogara ne da sauran ƙasashe kuma yana fuskantar matsin lamba. Saboda haka, tare da Ƙungiyoyin Duniya, kasar Jordan tana shirya sabbin dabarun amfani da albarkatun ruwa da ba na al'ada ba, kamar sake amfani da ruwan ban ruwa na da da kuma dabarun tace ruwan gishiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Overcoming water scarcity in Jordan {{!}} UN-Habitat |url=https://unhabitat.org/news/03-jun-2024/overcoming-water-scarcity-in-jordan |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=unhabitat.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani muhimmin aiki shi ne aikin jigilar ruwan Disi, wanda ke safarar ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa daga madatsar ruwan karkashin kasa ta Disi a kudancin Jordan zuwa Amman.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1948-01-01 |title=Yarmouk River: Tensions and cooperation between Syria and Jordan {{!}} Climate-Diplomacy |url=https://climate-diplomacy.org/case-studies/yarmouk-river-tensions-and-cooperation-between-syria-and-jordan |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=climate-diplomacy.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan gazawar tattaunawa game da Tsarin Haɗin Ruwa na Kofatun Jordan a shekarar 1955, ba kamar sauran ƙasashin yankin ba, Jordan ta rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da Israel a shekarar 1994, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen shekaru da dama na siyasar ruwa ta gefe ɗaya. Matsayin da Jordan take da shi bai ba ta damar janye jiki gaba ɗaya daga tattaunawa ba amma ya sanya haɗin gwiwa ya zama dole. Kodayake har yanzu akwai rashin jituwa tsakanin ƙasajen, yarjejeniyar ta tabbatar da cewa tana da mahimmanci yayin da aka gudanar da ayyukan haɗin gwiwa da yawa da ke haɓaka haɗin gwiwar ruwa da samar da ruwa tun shekarar 1994. Har ma an sami shirin gina &quot;tashar zaman lafiya&quot; ta hanyar haɗa Tekun Gishiri da Tekun Pol, wanda ƙasajen biyu suka so gina shi tare, sai dai wannan aikin bai taɓa tabbata ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1948-01-01 |title=Jordan and Israel: Tensions and Water Cooperation in the Middle-East {{!}} Climate-Diplomacy |url=https://climate-diplomacy.org/case-studies/jordan-and-israel-tensions-and-water-cooperation-middle-east |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=climate-diplomacy.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Don ƙara samun damar shiga Kogin Yarmouk, Jordan ta rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi da yawa da Siriya tun asali a shekarar 1953, kodayake rashin daidaiton ƙarfin iko na ƙasajen da ya samo asali daga yanayin siffar ƙasa a tsawon magudanar Kogin Yarmouk ana iya ganinsa a cikin yarjejeniyoyin. A cikin yarjejeniyoyin, ƙasajen sun amince a kan takamaiman adadin ruwa da Siriya dole ta saki zuwa Jordan, da kuma adadin madatsun ruwa da aka amince Siriya ta gina, sai dai Siriya ta yi watsi da waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin sau da yawa. Saboda haka, ana ɗaukar Jordan ɗaya daga cikin ƙasajen da suka fi fuskantar ƙarancin ruwa a duniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Bromberg |first1=Gidon |date=18 September 2008 |title=Will the Jordan River Keep on Flowing? |url=http://e360.yale.edu/content/feature.msp?id=2064 |access-date=2010-05-25 |work=Yale Environment 360 |publisher=Yale University |archive-date=2010-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612072821/http://e360.yale.edu/content/feature.msp?id=2064 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Kuwait}}
|Mafi kyawun sashi na siyasar ruwa ta Kuwait da ake iya gani shi ne Hasumiyar Ruwa ta Kuwait. Waɗannan hasumiyoyi, tare da keɓantaccen salon ginin su, suna aiki ne a matsayin wuraren ajiye ruwa don samar wa Birnin Kuwait ruwan teku da aka tace. A yau, Hasumiyar Ruwa ta Kuwait ta ƙunshi hasumiyoyin ruwa guda 31 masu siffar naman kaza da kuma Hasumiyoyin Kuwait na musamman, kuma sun kasance babban mataki ga Kuwait wajen samun amincin ruwa da ikon sarrafa ruwa da kanta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Al Mulla |first=Yasmena |date=2021-01-16 |title=Kuwait Towers: A symbol of independence and sovereignty |url=https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/kuwait/kuwait-towers-a-symbol-of-independence-and-sovereignty-1.76529512 |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=Gulf News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abraj Al-Kuwait |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5933/ |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=whc.unesco.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tare da ƙaruwar buƙatar ruwa, Kuwait ta faɗaɗa tsarin ajiye ruwanta, wanda a yau ya ƙunshi fiye da wuraren ajiya 80 na saman ƙasa da kuma fiye da wuraren ajiya 100 na ƙarƙashin ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-11-28 |title=Kuwait works to improve water utilities and production capacity - Kuwait 2018 - Oxford Business Group |url=https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/reports/kuwait/2018-report/economy/the-government-is-working-to-improve-water-infrastructure-and-production-capacity-securing-resources |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=oxfordbusinessgroup.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Lebanon}}
|A ƙasar Lebanon ƙarancin ruwa babbar matsala ce da ke shafar fiye da kashi biyu cikin uku na al'ummar ƙasar, kuma hakan na iya ƙaruwa a nan gaba sakamakon canjin yanayi idan ba a ɗauki matakan kariya ba. Don rage matsin lamba a kan samar da ruwa, masana sun gano mafita a fannin aikin gona wanda ke cinye fiye da rabin ruwan ƙasar. Sake amfani da gurbataccen ruwan gidaje (greywater) don ban ruwa na iya ƙara yawan ruwan da ke akwai don amfanin ɗan adam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-06-13 |title=Water solutions in Lebanon: who and what is standing in the way? |url=https://rewater-mena.iwmi.org/news-events/water-solutions-in-lebanon-who-and-what-is-standing-in-the-way/ |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=ReWater MENA |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, shekaru da dama na rikici da tashe-tashen hankula a Lebanon sun yi tasiri mara kyau ga ayyukan samar da ruwa, wanda ke fuskantar wahala wajen biyan buƙatun ruwa na Beirut. Saboda haka, mazauna ƙasar suna buƙatar amfani da dabarun neman ruwa na haɗin kai, inda zaɓin hakan ya dogara sosai da yanayin kuɗin su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Choueiri |first=Yasmina |date=2022-12-15 |title=Invisible and Unjust Impacts of Water Informality in Lebanon |url=https://timep.org/2022/12/15/invisible-and-unjust-impacts-of-water-informality-in-lebanon/ |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy - |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Libya}}
|Wani muhimmin aikin manufar ruwa a Libya shi ne aikin &quot;Babban Kogi da Mutane Suka Gina&quot; wanda aka fara a ƙarƙashin Gaddafi. Burin shi ne a samar wa yankunan arewacin Libya masu yawan jama'a ruwa daga mahakar ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa da aka gano a kudancin ƙasar. Sai dai, aikin bai kammala ba bayan faɗuwar Gaddafi a shekarar 2011 sakamakon yaƙin basasar Libya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=What's next for Libya's Great Man-Made River Project? |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/whats-next-libyas-great-man-made-river-project |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Middle East Institute |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Libya tana fuskantar tsananin rashin tsaro na ruwa kuma ta dogara sosai ga albarkatun ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa waɗanda ba sa sabuntuwa. Rikice-rikicen da aka yi a Libya sun kai ga lalata ayyukan samar da ruwa, wanda hakan ya ƙara rage tsaron ruwa a ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=UNICEF Libya |date=2022 |title=Water Scarcity and Climate Change: an analysis on WASH enabling environment in Libya |url=https://www.unicef.org/mena/media/19321/file/Libya%20water%20scarcity%20analysis%20and%20recommendations_%20UNICEF%20Sep%202022.pdf |access-date=2025-03-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayin yaƙe-yaƙen basasa, an auna ayyukan samar da ruwa da gangan, wanda hakan ya haifar da matsin lamba a kan tsaron abinci da ruwa, waɗanda abubuwa ne dake da alaƙa da juna tare da wasu matsaloli kamar gudun hijira, ƙaura, da sakamakon lalacewar muhalli na yaƙi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=McFee |first=Erin K. |date=2023 |title=Climate Change, Conflict and Migration (CCM) Nexus and Water Scarcity Study - Final Report |url=https://environmentalmigration.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1411/files/documents/2024-03/ccm-nexus-and-water-scarcity-study-final93.pdf |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=International Organization for Migration |pages=48–50}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Satumba na shekarar 2023, madatsun ruwa guda biyu sun rushe a Libya sakamakon Guguwar Daniel. Masana sun danganta rushewar madatsun ruwan da illolin yaƙin basasa a kan abubuwan more rayuwa na ƙasar, inda guguwar ta kasance silar ƙarshe ta rushewar tasu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Climate Change, Conflict, and Corruption: Reflecting on Libya's Catastrophic Floods |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/2023/10/climate-change-conflict-and-corruption-reflecting-on-lybyas-catastrophic-floods?lang=en |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace | date=5 October 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Morocco}}
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Siyasar ruwa a Morocco tana tafiya ne da burin gwamnati na ganin an yi amfani da ruwa cikin dorewa da inganci, sannan kuma da haɓaka samar da ruwa. Say dai, babban cikas ga wannan shi ne yaduwar rashawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Water integrity risks in Morocco – Priorities for action |url=https://siwi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/policy-brief-water-integrity-risks-in-morroco.pdf |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=Stockholm International Water Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, a wasu yankunan, rarraba ruwa yana da matukar rashin daidaito, domin ana tura ƙarin ruwa ga noman amfanin gona na kasuwanci fiye da yadda ake ba al'umma. A garin Zagora, wannan ya haifar da zanga-zangar da aka kira &quot;juyin juya halin ƙishirwa&quot; a shekarar 2017. A cikin wannan, ana iya lura da yadda abin ya shafi jinsi daban. Musamman mata da yara ne ƙarancin ruwa ya shafa a waɗannan yankuna, domin galibi maza sun ƙaura zuwa manyan birane don yin aiki a can.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Al-Talbi |first=Ilhalm |title=Water shortage in the Maghreb: Morocco's thirst revolution |url=https://www.goethe.de/prj/ruy/en/dos/wil/21718884.html |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=www.goethe.de |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Oman}}
|Masarautar Oman tana da yanayi mai ban mamaki sosai, inda sassan kudancin ƙasar ke fuskantar iskar damina ta yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |chapter=Rethinking water and food security in the Arab Gulf states |date=2015 |title=Arab Water Security: Threats and Opportunities in the Gulf States |pages=6 |editor-last=Amery |editor-first=Hussein A. |chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/arab-water-security/rethinking-water-and-food-security-in-the-arab-gulf-states/94CFE4238F594CA5BC3A5E6C14565518 |access-date=2025-03-17 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/cbo9781107326187.002 |isbn=978-1-107-04229-2|chapter-url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Musamman, birnin Salalah ya shahara saboda yawan kwararo-kwararo da koguna. A cikin Tsaunin Hajar, har yanzu ana amfani da Tsarin Ban Ruwa na Gargajiya na Aflaj kuma yana cikin jerin Kayayyakin Tarihi na Duniya na UNESCO.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aflaj Irrigation Systems of Oman |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1207 |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=whc.unesco.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; To sai dai a dandalin yanzu, Oman ta dogara kacokan ga tace ruwan gishiri don samun ruwanta, wanda ke daidai da kashi 85 cikin ɗari na ruwan sha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=DC |first=Arab Center Washington |date=2024-09-06 |title=The Costs and Benefits of Water Desalination in the Gulf |url=https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/the-costs-and-benefits-of-water-desalination-in-the-gulf/ |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Arab Center Washington DC |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Palestine}}
|{{Further|Water supply and sanitation in the State of Palestine}}
Tuni dai tun a zamanin Hukumar Mulki ta Burtaniya, aka mayar da batun samun ruwa na siyasa a Falasdinu. Inda manoma na cikin gida suka ƙirƙiri dabarun magance ƙarancin ruwa, jami'an gwamnatin Burtaniya sun ɗauki waɗannan dabarun a matsayin tsofaffi da na &quot;baya-baya.&quot; Dabarar wariyar launin fata ta shugabancin mulkin mallaka ita ce haɗin gwiwa da mazauna Sahyoniyawa na farko a Falasdinu, domin ana kallon Yahudawa a matsayin waɗanda suka fi Larabawa daraja, don haka za su iya amfani da ƙasa da albarkatu cikin inganci. Ƙarƙashin manufar hukuma ta haɓaka aikin gona da rage cututtuka, manoman Falasdinu sun ga damar su ta samun ruwa tana raguwa, yayin da ƙawancen buƙata na Sahyoniyawa da shugabancin Hukumar Mulki suka sake tsara fannin. Wani ɓangare na sake fasalin sarrafa ruwa a Falasdinun lokacin mulkin mallaka shi ne kwashe ruwan yankuna kamar Tafkin Hula wanda ya kai ga sake tsugunar da Falasdinawa, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama muhimmin abu a cikin mamayar mulkin mallaka na Falasdinu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Broich |first=John |date=2013 |title=British Water Policy in Mandate Palestine: Environmental Orientalism and Social Transformation |journal=Environment and History |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=255–281 |doi=10.3197/096734013X13690716950028 |bibcode=2013EnHis..19..255B }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan mamaye Gabar Yamma da Kogin Jordan a shekarar 1967, Israel ta takaita wa Falasdinawa damar samun ruwa, yayin da a mazaunansu na haramtacciyar hanya babu wani hani ga amfani da ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-11-29 |title=The Occupation of Water |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2017/11/the-occupation-of-water/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A yau, yawancin hanyoyin samar da ruwa a Falasdinu suna ƙarƙashin ikon Israel ne, wanda ke sa Falasdinawa dogaro ga kamfanin Mekorot da rangwamen da 'yan majalisar Israel ke bayarwa. Yarjejeniyar Oslo ta tabbatar da rashin daidaiton samun ruwa a cikin dokoki, domin sun ware mafi yawan magudanar ruwa da ake raba wa kasar Israel.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hung out to dry: How the Oslo Accords entrenched Israel's control over Palestinian water |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/oslo-accords-palestine-israel-entrenched-control-water |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lazarou |first=Elena |date=2016 |title=Briefing: Water in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |journal=European Parliamentary Research Service |pages=1–8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan rashin daidaito wajen samun ruwa kuma yana shafar yawan ruwan da mutum ɗaya ke amfani da shi a rana wanda ya ninka kusan sau 3-4 mafi girma a Israel fiye da na yankunan Falasɗinawa da aka mamaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
 A Gaza, a cewar kungiyar Amnesty International, kusan kashi 90-95% na ruwan ba shi da amfani ga al'umma.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Tuni kafin yakin Gaza, an iya lura da amfani da ruwa a matsayin makami, domin hanyoyin samun ruwa da amfani da wuraren sarrafa ruwa a Gaza suna fuskantar takunkumi mai tsanani daga kasar Israel.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-10 |title=Israel's decision to cut off electricity supply to Gaza desalination plant cruel and unlawful |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/03/israels-decision-to-cut-off-electricity-supply-to-gaza-desalination-plant-cruel-and-unlawful/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-10 |title=Gaza power cut impacts safe water access for hundreds of thousands {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/03/1160961 |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Failing Gaza: undrinkable water, no access to toilets and little hope on the horizon |url=https://www.oxfam.org/en/failing-gaza-undrinkable-water-no-access-toilets-and-little-hope-horizon |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=Oxfam International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar ƙungiyar Human Rights Watch, al'ummar Gaza suna samun ƙasa da kashi ɗaya cikin goma na mafi ƙarancin adadin ruwa da mutane ke buƙata a kowace rana a cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Extermination and acts of genocide: Israel deliberately depriving Palestinians in Gaza of water |date=2024 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |isbn=979-8-88708-192-2 |editor-last=Human Rights Watch |location=New York, N.Y.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Don haka, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, gwamnatoci, masana, da masu fafutuka da yawa suna ɗaukar wannan a matsayin laifin yaƙi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Abdul Samad |first1=Lama |last2=Butcher |first2=Martin |last3=Khalidi |first3=Bushra |date=2024 |title=Water War Crimes: How Israel has weaponised water in its military campaign in Gaza |journal=Oxfam International}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Qatar}}
|Duk da cewa tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da suka fi fuskantar ƙarancin ruwa idan ana maganar albarkatun ruwa na gargajiya, Qatar tana da yawan amfani da ruwa don dabarun ayyuka daban-daban tun daga amfanin sirri, wuraren shakatawa na gwamnati, har zuwa fannin gine-gine. Wannan ruwa galibi ana samun sa ne ta hanyar tace ruwan gishiri kuma 'yan ƙasar Qatar suna samun sa kyauta daga gwamnati. Don biyan bukatun ruwa, Qatar tana ci gaba da faɗaɗa ayyukan samar da ruwanta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-30 |title=How Qatar Met The Water Security Challenge |url=https://www.ice.org.uk/news-views-insights/inside-infrastructure/how-qatar-faced-up-to-the-water-security-challenge |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, ƙasar tana da nufin rage amfani da ruwa da kuma sanya shi mafi inganci da dorewa daidai da Manufar Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa ta 6 (SDG 6) ta Manufofin Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Qatar {{!}} Department of Economic and Social Affairs |url=https://sdgs.un.org/basic-page/qatar-34138 |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=sdgs.un.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}
|{{Further|Water supply and sanitation in Saudi Arabia}}
A lokacin kafuwar Masarautar Saudi Arabia, ruwa ya kasance muhimmiyar hanyar iko, domin samun ruwa ya ba gidan sarautar Al Saud damar tabbatar da rinjayensu da kuma amfani da shi don samar da kwanciyar hankali. Kafin gano da kuma bunkasar man fetur, babban ɓangare na al'ummar Saudi Arabia manoma ne. Saboda haka, ana iya amfani da ikon sarrafa ruwa don rarraba shi kuma, ta hakan, a nuna iko da samar da daidaito.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Jones |first=Toby C. |chapter=State of Nature: The Politics of Water in the Making of Saudi Arabia |date=2012-12-12 |title=Water on Sand: Environmental Histories of the Middle East and North Africa |pages=232, 236–237, 240–241 |editor-last=Mikhail |editor-first=Alan |chapter-url=https://academic.oup.com/book/4308/chapter-abstract/146215092?redirectedFrom=fulltext |access-date=2025-03-17 |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199768677.003.0010 |isbn=978-0-19-976867-7|chapter-url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Yayin da albarkatun ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa ke raguwa, dogaron Saudi Arabia kan tace ruwan teku yana ƙaruwa tun shekarar 1950. A halin yanzu, ƙasa da kashi biyu cikin uku na buƙatar ruwa a masarautar ana samun sa ne daga ruwan da aka tace. An gina bututun mai na Gabas-Yamma da ke jigilar ruwan da aka tace daga birnin Jubail zuwa Riyadh a shekarar 1980.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cayMShmYgCA |title=Jubail - Ryiadh Water Transimission System 1980-1983 (SWCC) |date=2018-07-18 |last=Eng.Meshari Alanazi |access-date=2025-03-17 |via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana amfani da ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa sau da yawa don dalilai na ban ruwa a mafi yawan yankunan karkara na aikin gona na masarautar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |chapter=Rethinking water and food security in the Arab Gulf states |date=2015 |title=Arab Water Security: Threats and Opportunities in the Gulf States |pages=6–7 |editor-last=Amery |editor-first=Hussein A. |chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/arab-water-security/rethinking-water-and-food-security-in-the-arab-gulf-states/94CFE4238F594CA5BC3A5E6C14565518 |access-date=2025-03-17 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/cbo9781107326187.002 |isbn=978-1-107-04229-2|chapter-url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ruwa kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a babban aikin NEOM na Saudi Arabia. Don biyan bukatun ruwa na birnin, zai dogara kacokan ne a kan tace ruwan gishiri. Saboda haka, don cimma burin birnin na kasancewa mai dacewa da muhalli ba tare da gurbata iska da CO2 ba, ana buƙatar sabbin hanyoyin magance tsarin tace ruwan teku mai cin kuzari. Bugu da ƙari, birnin yana shirin sake sarrafa dukkan gurɓataccen ruwansa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NEOM's Water Infrastructure |url=https://www.neom.com/en-us/our-business/sectors/water/infrastructure |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=www.neom.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Sudan}}
|{{Further|Water supply in Sudan}}
Siyasar ruwa a Sudan a tarihi tana da alaƙa da ta ƙasar Masar. Ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka na Anglo-Masar, Sudan ta kasance ɓangare na yarjejeniyoyin Kogin Nilu na shekarun 1902 da 1929, inda aka rarraba hanyoyin samun ruwa da iko a yankin Nilu musamman tsakanin Masar da kuma, kaɗan, Sudan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Matthews |first1=Ron |last2=Vivoda |first2=Vlado |date=2023-07-04 |title='Water Wars': strategic implications of the grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam |journal=Conflict, Security &amp; Development |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=338–339 |doi=10.1080/14678802.2023.2257137 |issn=1467-8802|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan ƙasar ta sami 'yancin kanta a shekarar 1956, an sami rashin jituwa yayin da sabuwar gwamnatin Sudan ba ta amince da yarjejeniyoyin Nilu na baya ba kuma ta nuna adawa da Madatsar Ruwa ta Aswan. Bayan juyin mulkin soja na Sudan a shekarar 1958, Sudan da Masar sun yi rangwame ga juna don gina madatsun ruwa a kan Kogin Nilu, wanda hakan ya kai ga sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya a shekarar 1959, wadda ta ƙarfafa ainihin abubuwan da ke cikin yarjejeniyar shekarar 1929.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ranjan |first=Amit |date=2024-01-02 |title=Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam dispute: implications, negotiations, and mediations |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02589001.2023.2287425 |journal=Journal of Contemporary African Studies |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=22–23 |doi=10.1080/02589001.2023.2287425 |issn=0258-9001|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rarraba ruwan Nilu, kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin yarjejeniyoyin Nilu, har yanzu Sudan tana kallonsa a matsayin mai gamsarwa a dokance a yau, duk da sukar da sauran ƙasashe ke yi game da tasirin mulkin mallaka a cikin yarjejeniyoyin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Matthews |first1=Ron |last2=Vivoda |first2=Vlado |date=2023-07-04 |title='Water Wars': strategic implications of the grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam |journal=Conflict, Security &amp; Development |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=339 |doi=10.1080/14678802.2023.2257137 |issn=1467-8802|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Milas |first=Seifulaziz |title=Sharing the Nile: Egypt, Ethiopia and the geo-politics of water |date=2013 |publisher=Pluto Press |isbn=978-1-84964-813-4 |location=London |pages=67–68, 72–73}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2015, Sudan, Masar, da Habasha sun sanya hannu kan Sanarwar Ka'idoji da ke nuna burin ƙara haɗin gwiwa da, a ƙarshe, haɓaka ci gaban yanki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Yihdego |first=Zeray |date=2017-05-25 |title=The Fairness 'Dilemma' in Sharing the Nile Waters: What Lessons from the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam for International Law? |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/rpwl/2/2/article-p1_1.xml |journal=Brill Research Perspectives in International Water Law |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=36–37 |doi=10.1163/23529369-12340006 |issn=2352-9350|hdl=2164/12347 |hdl-access=free |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Bayan Habasha ta sanar da shirinta na gina Madatsar Ruwa ta Renaissance, tun farko Sudan ta yi maraba da aikin. To sai dai kuma, bayan wani juyin mulkin soja a shekarar 2019, an sami kusanci tsakanin Sudan da Masar, inda ƙasajen biyu suka bayyana rashin amincewarsu da Madatsar Ruwa ta Renaissance. A cikin shekarun 2020 da 2021, Sudan da Masar sun gudanar da atisayen soja na &quot;Masu Tsaron Nilu&quot; da &quot;Shakunan Nilu&quot; tare.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=İlkbahar |first1=Hasan |last2=Mercan |first2=Muhammed Hüseyin |date=2025-03-01 |title=Hydro-Hegemony, Counter-Hegemony and Neoclassical Realism on the Nile Basin: An Analysis of Egypt's Response to the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00219096231188953 |journal=Journal of Asian and African Studies |language=EN |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=8–9 |doi=10.1177/00219096231188953 |issn=0021-9096|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sudan tana shiga cikin tattaunawar da ake yi kan cika da kuma gudanar da Madatsar Ruwa ta Renaissance.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ranjan |first=Amit |date=2024-01-02 |title=Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam dispute: implications, negotiations, and mediations |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02589001.2023.2287425 |journal=Journal of Contemporary African Studies |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=27–30 |doi=10.1080/02589001.2023.2287425 |issn=0258-9001|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Syria}}
|{{Further|Water resources management in Syria}}{{Further|Water supply and sanitation in Syria}}
Siriya tana fuskantar matsananciyar ƙarancin ruwa da rashin tsaron ruwa. Ragwar ruwa a cikin Kogin Furat yana haifar da matsaloli da yawa da ke da alaƙa da juna a Siriya. Kamar yadda yake da mahimmanci ga ban ruwa, rage ruwan Furat yana haifar da ƙaruwar ƙaurar mutanen karkara zuwa birane yayin da noma ke zama mai matukar wahala. Sai dai kuma, wannan ƙaura zuwa birane tana haifar da saurin ƙaruwar jama'a ba tare da kulawa ba a cikin biranen kuma yana sanya matsin lamba mai tsanani a kan abubuwan more rayuwa (na ruwa) na waɗannan birane. Bugu da ƙari, rashin ruwa a cikin Furat yana haifar da ƙarancin wutar lantarki saboda ƙarancin injina a madatsun ruwan Siriya da za a iya amfani da su. To sai dai kuma, galibi ana jayayya cewa da an hana waɗannan matsalolin ta hanyar ingantaccen sarrafa ruwa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. Yayin da Yaƙin Basasa ya fara a shekarar 2011, ruwa yana da damar ƙara rura wutar rikici amma kuma ga taƙaitaccen kusanci, yayin da injiniyoyin gwamnati suka gudanar da ayyukan gyaran madatsun ruwa a yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin ikon ISIS ko dakarun Kurdawa. A halin yanzu, rashin gudanar da ruwa na ci gaba da kasancewa yayin da ba a aiwatar da gyare-gyare ba yadda ya kamata kuma raguwar albarkatun ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa ya kasance babba. Tare da rashin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Siriya da Turkiyya, wannan zai iya haɓaka ƙarancin ruwa a nan gaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Sottimano |first1=Aurora |last2=Samman |first2=Nabil |date=2022-02-24 |title=Syria has a water crisis. And it's not going away. |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/syria-has-a-water-crisis-and-its-not-going-away/ |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=Atlantic Council |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mauvais |first=Lyse |title=The Thirst for Power: Overcoming the Politics of Water in the Middle East |publisher=CSIS Middle East Program |year=2025 |editor-last=Hall |editor-first=Natasha |pages=11–27 |chapter=Northeastern Syria's Water Crisis and the Limits of Humanitarian Intervention}}&lt;/ref&gt; Madatsun ruwan Turkiyya a kan Furat sun rage samun ruwa sosai, musamman yayin da Turkiyya ke amfani da madatsun ruwan a matsayin makami don raunana dakarun Kurdawa na YPG. Ganin alaƙar Turkiyya da mayakan HTS da suka karbi iko a Siriya a ƙarshen shekarar 2024, zai kasance da ban sha'awa ganin yadda rashin jituwa tsakanin ƙasajen game da ruwa zai samo asali a nan gaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-18 |title=The Runaway Dictator and prospects for resistance to foreign aggression |url=https://mondoweiss.net/2024/12/the-runaway-dictator-and-prospects-for-resistance-to-foreign-aggression/ |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=Mondoweiss |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Tunisia}}
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Kodayake an ƙara damar samun ruwa mai tsafta a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki a shekarar 2022, ƙarancin ruwa ya kasance matsala a Tunisia ga mutane, dabbobi, aikin gona, da tattalin arziki. Saboda haka, Ma'aikatar Noma ta Tunisia ta buga shirye-shiryen haɓaka wadatar hanyoyin samar da ruwa, hanyoyin samun su, da ingantaccen amfani da ruwa a matakai daban-daban har zuwa shekarar 2050.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Securing Tunisia's Constitutional Right to Water: Policy Solutions |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/2025/02/securing-tunisias-constitutional-right-to-water-policy-solutions?lang=en |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace | date=28 February 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙasar Tunisia, ƙarancin ruwa yana tafiya ne tare da sauyin yanayi kuma yana haifar da abubuwan da suka shafi kwararan hamada da ƙaurar mutanen karkara. Musamman fannin aikin gona, wanda na tsawon lokaci ya mayar da hankali kan amfanin gona na kasuwanci da ke cin ruwa da yawa, ya fuskanci matsin lamba saboda ƙaruwar ƙarancin ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tunisia running dry |url=https://www.mediasupport.org/in-depth/environmental-reader/tunisia-running-dry/? |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=IMS}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bankin Duniya yana shiga cikin ayyukan da ke da nufin inganta tsaron ruwa a Tunisia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rhili |first=Houcine |title=The World Bank's Water and Sanitation Policies in Tunisia {{!}} Transnational Institute |url=https://www.tni.org/en/article/the-world-banks-water-and-sanitation-policies-in-tunisia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212205750/https://www.tni.org/en/article/the-world-banks-water-and-sanitation-policies-in-tunisia |archive-date=2024-12-12 |access-date=2025-03-24 |work=Transnational Institute |language=en |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|Turkey}}
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Shirye-shiryen Aikin Kudancin Anatolia (GAP) da aka buga a shekarar 2007, sun haɗa da gina Madatsar Ruwa ta Ilısu, wadda ke cikin babban rukunin madatsun ruwa na Turkiyya a kan korayen Furat da Tigris, kusa da iyakoki da Iraki da Siriya. Waɗannan madatsun ruwa suna fuskantar suka daga Iraki da Siriya, domin suna rage yawan ruwan da ke kwarara zuwa ƙasa a cikin kogunan biyu, waɗanda ke da matukar muhimmanci ga samar da ruwan Siriya da Iraki. Kamar yadda ake takaddama kan GERD tsakanin Masar da Habasha, ana iya lura da hakan a batun Turkiyya da Iraki/Siriya cewa tattaunawa tana da wahala, domin ɓangarorin suna da muradu masu karo da juna. Bugu da ƙari, ana jayayya cewa Madatsar Ruwa ta Ilısu tana nufar Kurdawa ne, domin tana lalata wasu ƙasashensu da kuma birnin Hasankeyf. Har ma akwai zarge-zarge da ake yi wa Turkiyya na yin amfani da madatsun ruwa don hana Kurdawan Siriya samun ruwa, wanda hakan zai zama maida ruwa a matsayin makami.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=DC |first=Arab Center Washington |date=2023-02-10 |title=Water Politics in the Tigris-Euphrates Basin |url=https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/water-politics-in-the-tigris-euphrates-basin/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=Arab Center Washington DC |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ufheil-Somers |first=Amanda |date=2010-03-24 |title=Turkey's Rivers of Dispute |url=https://merip.org/2010/03/turkeys-rivers-of-dispute/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=MERIP |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|Siyasar ruwa wani muhimmin fanni ne a UAE kuma har ma akwai takardar manufofi ta musamman da aka keɓance mata mai suna &quot;Dabarun Tsaron Ruwa na 2036.&quot; A cikin wannan, UAE ta bayyana burinta na haɓaka dorewar tace ruwan gishiri da inganta ingantaccen amfani da ruwa a ƙasar. Bugu da ƙari, takardar manufofin ta bayyana amurdu da sadaukarwa ga hanyoyin magance ƙarancin ruwa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water {{!}} The Official Portal of the UAE Government |url=https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/environment-and-energy/water-and-energy/water-? |access-date=2025-03-19 |website=u.ae |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Yemen}}
|{{Further|Water supply and sanitation in Yemen}}
Kafin shekarar 2014, mafi yawancin ruwa a Yemen ana amfani da shi ne a fannin aikin gona. Musamman a kashi na uku na ƙarshe na ƙarni na 20, an sami sauyi zuwa noman amfanin gona na kasuwanci don fitarwa zuwa ƙasashen waje. Waɗannan amfanin gona kamar ayaba, lemo, da gurin (khat) sau da yawa ba su dace da yanayin ƙasa da wadatar ruwa a Yemen ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ufheil-Somers |first=Amanda |date=2010-03-24 |title=Water Conflict and Cooperation in Yemen |url=https://merip.org/2010/03/water-conflict-and-cooperation-in-yemen/ |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=MERIP |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yaƙin Basasar Yemen da ke ci gaba da faruwa ya ƙara rura wutar ƙarancin ruwa da riga can akwai a Yemen. A halin yanzu, an kiyasta cewa fiye da kashi 50% na al'umma ba su da damar samun ruwa mai tsafta. Yayin yaƙin, an lalata abubuwan more rayuwa na ruwa ko kuma ba sa aiki saboda rashin kulawa da rashin kayan gyara. Houthi, da kuma dakarun gwamnati da abokan kawance da ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin Saudi Arabia, sun yi amfani da ruwa a matsayin makami, saboda haka sun tafi da laifukan yaƙi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jafarnia |first=Niku |date=2023-12-11 |title=&quot;Death is More Merciful Than This Life&quot; |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2023/12/11/death-more-merciful-life/houthi-and-yemeni-government-violations-right-water |journal=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-12-11 |title=Yemen: Warring Parties Deepen Water Crisis {{!}} Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/12/11/yemen-warring-parties-deepen-water-crisis |access-date=2025-03-24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-09 |title=Rain of hope: Yemen's fight for water in a time of war |url=https://www.un-ihe.org/news/rain-hope-yemens-fight-water-time-war |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=www.un-ihe.org |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukumomi daban-daban na ƙasa da ƙasa, kamar Hukumar Ci Gaba ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UNDP), Ma'aikatar Haɗin Gwiwar Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaba ta Jamus, da Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Gona ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (FAO) suna aiki a Yemen kuma suna da nufin haɓaka haɗin gwiwar ruwa da ƙara samar da ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=From conflict to cooperation: Yemeni communities find common ground over water |url=https://www.undp.org/arab-states/stories/conflict-cooperation-yemeni-communities-find-common-ground-over-water |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=UNDP |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A matsayin martani ga Yaƙin Gaza, Houthis sun fara kai hari kan jiragen ruwa a cikin Jar Teku tare da gabar tekun Yemen. Wannan Rikicin Jar Teku yana ci gaba da faruwa kuma ya haifar da tsananin hare-haren sama a Yemen, da kuma jinkiri da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a cikin kasuwancin duniya, yayin da ɗayan mafi mahimmancin hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki tsakanin Turai, MENA, da Asiya ya zama mai haɗari sosai don wucewa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-21 |title=Calming the Red Sea's Turbulent Waters {{!}} Crisis Group |url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/gulf-and-arabian-peninsula/yemen/248-calming-red-seas-turbulent-waters |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=www.crisisgroup.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Siege of the Red Sea {{!}} Council on Foreign Relations |url=https://www.cfr.org/article/siege-red-sea |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=www.cfr.org |date=21 March 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Bogetic |first1=Željko |last2=Zhao |last3=Le Borgne |first3=Eric |last4=Krambeck |first4=Holly |date=2024 |title=Navigating troubled waters: The Red Sea shipping crisis and its global repercussions |url=https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/developmenttalk/navigating-troubled-waters--the-red-sea-shipping-crisis-and-its- |access-date= |website=World Bank Blogs}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Kudancin Amurka ===
Gurbin Ruwa na Guaraní (Guaraní Aquifer), wanda ke tsakanin ƙasashen Mercosur da suka haɗa da Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay da Uruguay, mai girman kimanin 40,000 km3, muhimmiyar hanya ce ta samun sabon ruwan sha mai tsafta ga dukkan ƙasashen guda huɗu. Ana cika shi ne ta hanyar ruwan sama da ƙananan koguna da magudanar ruwa, musamman a gefen rukuninsa. Ganin cewa haɓakar jama'a a yankin yana da yawa sosai (yankunan da ke ciyar da gurbin ruwan, musamman mafi ruku'ar ruwa, na iya kasancewa har da muhimman birane da manyan yankunan birni kamar São Paulo da Curitiba), ana buƙatar sanya ido don guje wa ƙarewar ruwan da kuma gurɓacewa, abin da ke da alaƙa da raunin dokokin muhalli game da aikin gona da kuma ƙarancin ayyukan tsaftace muhalli (musamman ta hanyar zubar da ruwan kwasfa da ba a tace ba da kuma zubar da shara a sarari, haɗi da sharar birane, abin da ke ƙara ta'azzara matsalolin da ke da alaƙa da ambaliyar ruwa), a cikin ƙasashen da abin ya shafa.

=== Amurka ===
Yunkurin Adalcin Ruwa (Water Justice movement) wani babban yunkuri ne na cikin gida a Amurka, inda ƙananan ƙungiyoyin 'yan ƙasa ke ɗaukar lamarin a hannunsu ta hanyar zanga-zanga, rubuta takardun kuka, tara kuɗi, ko ba da gudummawar kayayyaki kamar matatun ruwa don faɗaɗa damar samun ruwa mai tsafta. Wasu sanannun mutane sun yi amfani da damarsu don ciyar da batun adalcin ruwa gaba: Erin Brockovich, fitacciyar jaruma kuma mai fafutukar kare muhalli, ta yi magana game da rashin kulawar jami'an birnin Flint, Michigan, game da rikicin ruwa da ya faru a can.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/erin-brockovich-is-back-to-fight-in-flint |title=Erin Brockovich Is Back To Fight in Flint |last=Haglage |first=Abby |date=July 11, 2017 |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |publisher= |access-date=May 31, 2021 |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/erin-brockovich-on-americas-water-crisis-and-why-no-one-is-coming-to-save-us |title=Erin Brockovich on America's water crisis and why no one is coming to save us |last=Booker |first=Christopher |date=November 22, 2020 |website=[[PBS]] |publisher= |access-date=May 31, 2021 |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kama jaruma Shailene Woodley a wata zanga-zangar nuna rashin amincewa da Bututun Mai na Dakota Access, inda ta rubuta bayan hakan game da abin da ya faru da ita: &quot;Idan kai ɗan adam ne da ke buƙatar ruwa don rayuwa, to wannan lamari ya shafe ka kai tsaye.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last1=Woodley |first1=Shailene |url=https://time.com/4538557/shailene-woodley-arrest-pipeline/ |title=Shailene Woodley: The Truth About My Arrest |magazine=TIME |date=20 October 2016 |access-date=26 June 2026 |archive-date=12 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612040024/http://time.com/4538557/shailene-woodley-arrest-pipeline/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani muhimmin mutum da ke fafutukar kare damar samun ruwa mai tsafta a zanga-zangar Standing Rock shi ne Shugaban Ƙabilar Sioux na Standing Rock, Dave Archambault II, wanda ya yi magana da Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a Geneva a madadin ƙabilarsa. A cikin wata sanarwa ta daban, Archambault ya gode wa waɗanda suka yaƙi bututun mai &quot;da sunan kare ruwanmu.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://standwithstandingrock.net/standing-rock-sioux-tribes-statement-u-s-army-corps-engineers-decision-not-grant-easement/| title=Standing Rock Sioux Tribe's Statement on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Decision to Not Grant Easement| date=2016-12-04| access-date=2019-01-19| archive-date=2016-12-04| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204230930/http://standwithstandingrock.net/standing-rock-sioux-tribes-statement-u-s-army-corps-engineers-decision-not-grant-easement/| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yunkurin na Adalcin Ruwa ya kuma bazu a duniya, inda ya haɗa da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban masu yawa kamar Yunkurin Adalcin Ruwa na Duniya, Abokan Haƙƙin Samun Ruwa, Cibiyar Haƙƙoƙin Gidaje da Korar Mutane, Food and Water Watch, da Gidauniyar Heinrich Böll. Ƙungiyoyi irin waɗannan sun yi amfani da ra'ayin cewa ruwa wani ɓangare ne na kayan gama-gari na duniya, don haka suna adawa da mayar da albarkatun ruwa na kuɗi ko na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, kuma suna ba wa jiha alhakin tabbatar da haƙƙin samun ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=http://www.epsu.org/article/global-water-justice-movement-denounces-world-bank%E2%80%99s-strategy-promote-privatization-water |title = Global Water Justice Movement denounces World Bank's strategy to promote privatization of water and the commodification of water resources through UN SDG Agenda &amp;#124; EPSU}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.bradford.ac.uk/social-sciences/peace-conflict-and-development/issue-11/PCD-Issue-11_Article_Water-Justice-Movement_Davidson-Naidoo-Harden.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-01-19 |archive-date=2017-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303123156/http://www.bradford.ac.uk/social-sciences/peace-conflict-and-development/issue-11/PCD-Issue-11_Article_Water-Justice-Movement_Davidson-Naidoo-Harden.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Dokoki ====
Don hana ƙaruwar gurɓacewa, lalacewar muhalli, da kuma kiyaye ruwan sha mai tsafta, an sanya hannu kan dokoki daban-daban don su zama doka.
* '''Dokar Ruwa Mai Tsafta (The Clean Water Act):''' An sanya hannu kan Dokar Ruwa Mai Tsafta a matsayin doka a shekarar 1948 ƙarƙashin sunan Dokar Sarrafa Gurɓataccen Ruwa ta Tarayya, tare da faɗaɗa amincewa da gyare-gyare a shekarar 1972. Gyare-gyaren sun haɗa da:
** Haramta fitar da kowane irin gurɓataccen abu a kowane wuri da zai iya kaiwa ga manyan rukunonin ruwa.
** Tsara yadda gurɓatattun abubuwa ke shiga cikin rukunonin ruwa.
** Samar da kuɗaɗe don gina masana'antun tace ruwan kwasfa.
** Ba wa Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) ikon tilasta bin dokokin tsara ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/history-clean-water-act |title=History of the Clean Water Act |publisher=United States Environmental Protection Agency |access-date=2017-02-23 |date=2013-02-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Dokar Zubar da Shara a Teku (The Ocean Dumping Act):''' An sanya hannu kan Dokar Zubar da Shara a Teku a shekarar 1972 don hana gurɓacewar da ta wuce kima shiga cikin teku. EPA tana da ikon yin tara da ba ta wuce $50,000 ba ga kowane keta haddi na lasisi. Dokar ta kuma ba da damar gudanar da bincike na gaba ɗaya da bincike na EPA kan yadda za a fitar da teku daga zubar da gurɓatattun abubuwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/gcil_crs_oda.pdf|title=Ocean Dumping Act: A Summary of the Law}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** '''Dokar Kare Gabar Teku (SPA):''' Dokar Kare Gabar Teku ta fito ne daga babi na IV na Dokar Zubar da Shara a Teku. Tana hana jiragen ruwa ɗaukar sharar gida a cikin ruwan gabar teku ba tare da izini ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-shore-protection-act|title=Summary of the Shore Protection Act|publisher=United States Environmental Protection Agency |access-date=2017-03-01|date=2013-02-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Haƙƙin Samun Ruwa (Right To Water):''' Wanda kuma aka sani da Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam na Samun Ruwa da Tsafta, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ce ta kafa shi a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 2010. An ƙara shi cikin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa lokacin da MDD ta amince da ruwa da tsafta na gaba ɗaya a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan adam na yau da kullum. Yana buƙatar jihohi da ƙasashe su samar da ruwan sha mai tsafta kuma mai sauƙin samu ga mutanensu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/human_right_to_water.shtml|title=International Decade for Action 'Water for Life' 2005–2015. Focus Areas: The human right to water and sanitation|website=www.un.org|language=EN|access-date=2017-02-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Dokar Amincin Ruwan Sha (SDWA):''' An sanya Dokar Amincin Ruwan Sha a matsayin doka a shekarar 1974. Tana ba da kariya ga ruwa na saman ƙasa da na ƙarƙashin ƙasa. A shekarar 1996, an ƙara gyare-gyare da ke buƙatar EPA ta tantance haɗari da farashi yayin ƙirƙirar ma'aunai na wannan doka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-safe-drinking-water-act|title=Summary of the Safe Drinking Water Act |publisher=United States Environmental Protection Agency |language=en|access-date=2017-03-01|date=2013-02-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Fafutuka ====
Idan ana maganar Amurka kaɗai, an sami ayyuka da yawa game da matsalolin ruwa a Standing Rock, ND da Flint, Michigan. Lokacin da matsalar ta taso na gina bututun mai a Yankin Sioux na Standing Rock a North Dakota, mazauna yankin sun fara ɗaukar mataki kusan nan take. Lokacin da aka ba da shawarar gina bututun a cikin watan Janairu 2016, ƙabilar Sioux ta fitar da takardar kuka da ta sami sa hannun kusan mutane dubu ɗari biyar a cikin watanni uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fusion&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://fusion.net/story/372387/timeline-nodapl-protests-standing-rock/|title=A timeline of the year of resistance at Standing Rock|work=Fusion|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327164057/http://fusion.net/story/372387/timeline-nodapl-protests-standing-rock/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya jinkirta gina bututun mai, amma matakan ba su tsaya a nan ba. A cikin watan Yuli na wannan shekarar, ƙabilar ta yi ƙoƙarin shigar da ƙara kan Hukumar Injiniya ta Soja (Army Corps of Engineers) da hujjarta cewa hakan zai cutar da samar da ruwa a yankin. Wannan ya sa Kamfanin Energy Transfer Partners shigar da ƙarar martani, inda suka ce ƙungiyar tana kawo cikas ga aikinsu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fusion&quot; /&gt; 'Yar takarar shugaban ƙasa na shekarar 2016 Jill Stein ta jagoranci ƙungiyoyin yaki da ginin, wanda ya haɗa da fentin fenti a kan injin tura ƙasa (bulldozer) tare da jimlar, &quot;Na amince da wannan saƙon&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.omaha.com/news/politics/in-omaha-jill-stein-defends-spray-painting-bulldozer-at-north/article_39bae5a9-d586-55bf-8bb6-f884a763029e.html|title=In Omaha, Jill Stein defends spray-painting bulldozer at North Dakota pipeline protest |author=Robynn Tysver|work=Omaha.com|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Don ƙara yaɗa batun, an kama jaruma Shailene Woodley saboda toshe ginin bututun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/2016/10/24/arrested_actor_shailene_woodley_why_do|title=Actor Shailene Woodley on Her Arrest, Strip Search and Dakota Access Pipeline Resistance|website=Democracy Now!|access-date=2017-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har yanzu ana tsaka da muhawara kan ko za a gina bututun ko a'a.

Rikicin ruwa a Flint, Michigan shi ma ya sa masu fafutuka mayar da hankali kan kai wa mutane ruwa mai tsafta. Bayan shawarar shekarar 2014 ta mayar da Kogin Flint a matsayin babban hanyar samar da ruwa na garin, mazauna wurin sun lura da sauri cewa ingancin ruwansu yana raguwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.bridgemi.com/truth-squad-companion/disaster-day-day-detailed-flint-crisis-timeline?gclid=CNWI6YfKvNICFdU7gQodqDkDmA|title=Disaster Day by Day: A detailed Flint crisis timeline|date=2016-02-04|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyar Kare 'Yancin Bil'adama ta Amurka (ACLU) ta shigar da ƙare-ƙare daban-daban a kan gwamnati a Flint, tana cewa matakin gubar da ke cikin ruwan yana da yawa sosai, kuma ta buƙaci a canza bututun ruwan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/flint-water-crisis/2017/01/09/activists-flint-water-tests/96342196/|title=Activists urge caution on Flint water despite improved tests|work=Detroit Free Press|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan bai riga ya faru ba, kuma mutanen Flint suna ci gaba da fafutukar neman ruwa mai tsafta.

==== Kungiyoyi da shirye-shirye masu alaƙa ====
Ƙungiyoyi da shirye-shirye da yawa na jiha da na ƙasa sun sadaukar da kansu ga samar da ruwa mai aminci. Ikon waɗannan ƙungiyoyin ya bambanta ta hanyar ayyukansu (daga mayar da hankali kan ƙaramin yanki zuwa aiki a duniya) da kuma fannonin adalcin ruwa da suke bayar da gudummawa a kai. Da yawa daga cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin suna aiki ne a cikin tsarin gwamnati yayin da wasu ke aiki a wajensu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nesc.wvu.edu/links/DW_nat.cfm|title=Drinking Water National and State Organizations and Programs|website=www.nesc.wvu.edu|access-date=2017-02-28|archive-date=2020-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128132141/http://www.nesc.wvu.edu/links/DW_nat.cfm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun taimaka wajen fahimta da ilimi game da matsalolin da suka shafi ruwa, yadda suke shafar daidaikun mutane da al'ummomi, kuma sun samo hanyoyin inganta damar samun ruwa mai aminci.

Rukunonin ƙungiyoyi da shirye-shiryen adalcin ruwa sun haɗa da:
* Ilimi: Amurka tana da ɗayan mafi amincin hanyoyin samar da ruwan sha a duniya. Duk da wannan, akwai lokuta da ɓarnar cututtuka daban-daban da matsalolin kiwon lafiya masu alaƙa saboda gurɓataccen ruwa da ake kai wa Hukumar Kula da Cututtuka (CDC) kowace shekara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthyhomes/bytopic/water.html|title=CDC – Healthy Homes {{!}} Health Topics {{!}} Drinking Water Safety|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2017-02-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙungiyoyi da yawa suna aiki don ilimantar da al'ummomi game da ingantattun hanyoyin tsaron ruwa kuma suna jaddada wa daidaikun mutane da al'ummomi su fahimci inda hanyar samar da ruwansu yake fitowa.
* Masana'antu: Kungiyoyi da yawa na adalcin ruwa suna aiki a cikin masana'antu masu alaƙa da ruwan al'umma don ƙirƙirar mafi amincin abubuwan more rayuwa na ruwa. Da yawa suna ba da takardar shaida ga wasu sana'o'i don tabbatar da ingancin aiki da samfuran da suka shafi ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.abccert.org/|title=Association of Boards of Certification|website=www.abccert.org|access-date=2017-03-01|archive-date=2017-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303042944/http://www.abccert.org/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, ƙungiyoyi da yawa sun ƙirƙiri rukunoni don sana'o'in da ke ma'amala da abubuwan more rayuwa na ruwa da tsaro. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan sana'o'in sun haɗa da kwararrun lafiyar jama'a, injiniyoyi, da masu binciken kimiyya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nesc.wvu.edu/links/DW_nat.cfm|title=Drinking Water National and State Organizations and Programs|website=www.nesc.wvu.edu|access-date=2017-03-01|archive-date=2020-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128132141/http://www.nesc.wvu.edu/links/DW_nat.cfm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Bincike: Da yawa daga cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin kuma suna haɓaka bincike mai alaƙa da muhalli da lafiyar jama'a kuma suna taimakawa wajen ba da kuɗi da ilimi ga waɗannan ayyukan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.fwr.org/|title=FWR Home Page|last=Jones|first=Gordon|website=www.fwr.org|access-date=2017-03-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Gwamnati: Ƙungiyoyi da yawa masu alaƙa da adalcin ruwa suna aiki tare ko a cikin gwamnati don kafa canji a cikin manufofin ruwa da gudanarwa. Wannan na iya haɗawa da gwamnatocin birni da na jiha, zuwa gwamnatin tarayya, har zuwa gwamnatocin Ƙabila.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tribalclimateguide.uoregon.edu/climate-programs/national-tribal-environmental-council|title=National Tribal Environmental Council {{!}} Tribal Climate Change Guide|website=tribalclimateguide.uoregon.edu|access-date=2017-03-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==== Fafutuka ====
Idan ana maganar Amurka kaɗai, an sami ayyuka da yawa game da matsalolin ruwa a Standing Rock, ND da Flint, Michigan. Lokacin da matsalar ta taso na gina bututun mai a Yankin Sioux na Standing Rock a North Dakota, mazauna yankin sun fara ɗaukar mataki kusan nan take. Lokacin da aka ba da shawarar gina bututun a cikin watan Janairu 2016, ƙabilar Sioux ta fitar da takardar kuka da ta sami sa hannun kusan mutane dubu ɗari biyar a cikin watanni uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fusion&quot;/&gt; Wannan ya jinkirta gina bututun mai, amma matakan ba su tsaya a nan ba. A cikin watan Yuli na wannan shekarar, ƙabilar ta yi ƙoƙarin shigar da ƙara kan Hukumar Injiniya ta Soja (Army Corps of Engineers) da hujjarta cewa hakan zai cutar da samar da ruwa a yankin. Wannan ya sa Kamfanin Energy Transfer Partners shigar da ƙarar martani, inda suka ce ƙungiyar tana kawo cikas ga aikinsu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fusion&quot; /&gt; 'Yar takarar shugaban ƙasa na shekarar 2016 Jill Stein ta jagoranci ƙungiyoyin yaki da ginin, wanda ya haɗa da fentin fenti a kan injin tura ƙasa (bulldozer) zare da jimlar, &quot;Na amince da wannan saƙon&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.omaha.com/news/politics/in-omaha-jill-stein-defends-spray-painting-bulldozer-at-north/article_39bae5a9-d586-55bf-8bb6-f884a763029e.html|title=In Omaha, Jill Stein defends spray-painting bulldozer at North Dakota pipeline protest |author=Robynn Tysver|work=Omaha.com|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Don ƙara yaɗa batun, an kama jaruma Shailene Woodley saboda toshe ginin bututun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/2016/10/24/arrested_actor_shailene_woodley_why_do|title=Actor Shailene Woodley on Her Arrest, Strip Search and Dakota Access Pipeline Resistance|website=Democracy Now!|access-date=2017-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har yanzu ana tsaka da muhawara kan ko za a gina bututun ko a'a.

Rikicin ruwa a Flint, Michigan shi ma ya sa masu fafutuka mayar da hankali kan kai wa mutane ruwa mai tsafta. Bayan shawarar shekarar 2014 ta mayar da Kogin Flint a matsayin babban hanyar samar da ruwa na garin, mazauna wurin sun lura da sauri cewa ingancin ruwansu yana raguwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.bridgemi.com/truth-squad-companion/disaster-day-day-detailed-flint-crisis-timeline?gclid=CNWI6YfKvNICFdU7gQodqDkDmA|title=Disaster Day by Day: A detailed Flint crisis timeline|date=2016-02-04|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyar Kare 'Yancin Bil'adama ta Amurka (ACLU) ta shigar da ƙare-ƙare daban-daban a kan gwamnati a Flint, tana cewa matakin gubar da ke cikin ruwan yana da yawa sosai, kuma ta buƙaci a canza bututun ruwan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/flint-water-crisis/2017/01/09/activists-flint-water-tests/96342196/|title=Activists urge caution on Flint water despite improved tests|work=Detroit Free Press|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan bai riga ya faru ba, kuma mutanen Flint suna ci gaba da fafutukar neman ruwa mai tsafta.

==== Kungiyoyi da shirye-shirye masu alaƙa ====
Ƙungiyoyi da shirye-shirye da yawa na jiha da na ƙasa sun sadaukar da kansu ga samar da ruwa mai aminci. Ikon waɗannan ƙungiyoyin ya bambanta ta hanyar ayyukansu (daga mayar da hankali kan ƙaramin yanki zuwa aiki a duniya) da kuma fannonin adalcin ruwa da suke bayar da gudummawa a kai. Da yawa daga cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin suna aiki ne a cikin tsarin gwamnati yayin da wasu ke aiki a wajensu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nesc.wvu.edu/links/DW_nat.cfm|title=Drinking Water National and State Organizations and Programs|website=www.nesc.wvu.edu|access-date=2017-02-28|archive-date=2020-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128132141/http://www.nesc.wvu.edu/links/DW_nat.cfm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun taimaka wajen fahimta da ilimi game da matsalolin da suka shafi ruwa, yadda suke shafar daidaikun mutane da al'ummomi, kuma sun samo hanyoyin inganta damar samun ruwa mai aminci.

Rukunonin ƙungiyoyi da shirye-shiryen adalcin ruwa sun haɗa da:
* Ilimi: Amurka tana da ɗayan mafi amincin hanyoyin samar da ruwan sha a duniya. Duk da wannan, akwai lokuta da ɓarnar cututtuka daban-daban da matsalolin kiwon lafiya masu alaƙa saboda gurɓataccen ruwa da ake kai wa Hukumar Kula da Cututtuka (CDC) kowace shekara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthyhomes/bytopic/water.html|title=CDC – Healthy Homes {{!}} Health Topics {{!}} Drinking Water Safety|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2017-02-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙungiyoyi da yawa suna aiki don ilimantar da al'ummomi game da ingantattun hanyoyin tsaron ruwa kuma suna jaddada wa daidaikun mutane da al'ummomi su fahimci inda hanyar samar da ruwansu yake fitowa.
* Masana'antu: Kungiyoyi da yawa na adalcin ruwa suna aiki a cikin masana'antu masu alaƙa da ruwan al'umma don ƙirƙirar mafi amincin abubuwan more rayuwa na ruwa. Da yawa suna ba da takardar shaida ga wasu sana'o'i don tabbatar da ingancin aiki da samfuran da suka shafi ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.abccert.org/|title=Association of Boards of Certification|website=www.abccert.org|access-date=2017-03-01|archive-date=2017-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303042944/http://www.abccert.org/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, ƙungiyoyi da yawa

=== Misalan Nazari: Afirka ===
Obuasi, Ghana ita ce gidan ɗayan manyan wuraren haƙar gwal a duniya. A shekarar 1897 aka fara amfani da na'urori na farko don haƙar gwal daga yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashanti Company History&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Ashanti Company History |publisher=AngloGold Ashanti|year=2005|url=http://www.ashantigold.com/NR/rdonlyres/BDB5B570-C236-4C5B-9F53-1B5ED83F7E0C/0/Ashanti_CompanyHistory.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayin da shekaru suka shuɗe, an sami buƙatar sabbin dabarun samar da hanyoyin &quot;sarrafa ɗanyen sinadaran gwal&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashanti Company History&quot; /&gt; Kafin shekarar 1908, an kawo wani babban masanin kimiyyar sinadarai don ya taimaka da dabarun, inda ya zo da hanyarsa ta ƙasar Australia ta &quot;musa busasshe da gassawa kafin a sarrafa shi da cyanide&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashanti Company History&quot; /&gt; Koguna da yawa, wuraren kamun kifi, da tsarin ban ruwa ko dai sun lalace kaɗan ko kuma gaba ɗaya na dindindin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Action Aid, 2006, 3&quot;&gt;Action Aid, 2006, 3&lt;/ref&gt; Masana'antar haƙar gwal ta yi ƙoƙarin biyan diyya ta hynar gina rukunonin famfunan tunkuda na tsaye (standpipes) amma ga mutane da yawa, ba su da amfani. Matsakaicin adadin gurɓataccen abu a cikin tsarin ruwan Obuasi ya ninka sau 10 zuwa 38 sama da matsakaicin adadin da doka ta amince da shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Action Aid, 2006, 9&quot;&gt;Action Aid, 2006, 9&lt;/ref&gt; Ɓangarori biyu na farko na gurɓatar su ne hoɗar arsenic da ke fita daga injinan nika&lt;ref&gt;Golow et al., 703&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma babban adadin ruwan da ke kwarara wanda ake zubarwa ta hanyar madatsun ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Action Aid, 2006, 9&quot;/&gt; &quot;Don haka a lokacin sarrafa ɗanyen gwal ɗin, ƙurar na iya ƙunsar ɓangarorin ɗanyen gwal, ferric oxide, oxides na arsenic da sulphur&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Golow et al., 2010, 703&quot;&gt;Golow et al., 2010, 703&lt;/ref&gt; Daga nan ƙurar za ta bazu cikin sararin samaniya kuma ta sauka a kan ƙasa, mutane, da koguna.&lt;ref name=&quot;Golow et al., 2010, 703&quot;&gt;Golow et al., 2010, 703&lt;/ref&gt; A Obuasi, suna samun yawan ruwan sama na shekara-shekara saboda dajin ruku'u na wurare masu zafi da ke kewaye da shi (Smedley, 1996, 464). Yayin hazo ko ruwan sama, ƙurar &quot;za ta iya haɗuwa da iska ta zama trioxide kuma ta rikide zuwa sulphate a cikin hazo da ruwan sama&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Golow et al., 2010, 703&quot; /&gt; Ƙasa ita ce babbar manufar gurɓatar saboda ƙasar tana gurɓata kuma duk wani tsiro da ya girma ya rube yana komawa daidai cikin ƙasa, wanda ke haifar da gurɓatar ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Golow et al., 2010, 703&quot; /&gt; Duk da haka, ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa bai gurɓata kamar magudanar ruwa ko koguna ba, musamman saboda babban tsarin narkewar arsenic da kuma saboda duwatsun da ke tsakanin ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa da ƙasa. &quot;Kashin cikas kawai shi ne cewa duk abin da aka ajiye a saman ƙasa za a iya ɗaukar shi zuwa mafi zurfi cikin lokaci ta hanyar ruwan sama (Gish et al, 2010, 1973)&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Golow et al., 2010, 703&quot; /&gt; Yankunan da suka fi fuskantar mummunan lahani su ne waɗanda ke kusa da mahakar gwal ɗin, amma yayin da iska ke ɗaukar ƙurar, yankunan da ke da tazarar daruruwan miloli suna gurɓata da sinadaran.&lt;ref&gt;Golow et al., 2010, 706&lt;/ref&gt; Sakamakon babban fitar da sinadarai daga injinan haƙar gwal da kuma zubar da guba da ba a magance ba, koguna da yawa, magudanar ruwa, tabkuna da tsarin ban ruwa sun lalace ko kuma sun daina aiki.&lt;ref&gt;Action Aid, 2006, 5&lt;/ref&gt; Mazauna cikin gida sun shafu ƙwarai da gaske ta wannan lamari. Mazauna sun ga sauye-sauyen muhalli musamman a cikin ruwa. Laka mai kauri tana kwarara a kan magudanar ruwa da a dā su ne manyan hanyoyin samun ruwan sha a cewar mazauna cikin gida.&lt;ref name=&quot;Action Aid, 2006, 3&quot;/&gt; Dukkan halittun ruwa a cikin koguna da magudanar ruwa sun mutu saboda yawan sinadarai a cikin ruwan.&lt;ref&gt;ActionAid, 2006, 3&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar Action Aid, mazauna sun ga bututu da ke gudanar da ruwa kai tsaye zuwa magudanar ruwa na cikin gida da koguna waɗanda ke zubar da sharar kai tsaye, wani lokacin kuma suna haifar da ambaliyar magudanar ruwa da kogunan (2006, 11). Manoman cikin gida da yawa sun fi kowa wahala saboda gurɓatar ruwan. Sakamakon tsarin ban ruwa da ke amfani da gurbataccen ruwan don ban ruwa ga dukkan ƙasajen, su ma ƙasajen sai suka gurbata.&lt;ref name=&quot;Action Aid, 2006, 3&quot; /&gt; Ƙasar ba ta da amfani kuma, wanda hakan ya sa amfanin gona da ake amfani da shi don kasuwancinsu da kuma iyalansu ya mutu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Action Aid, 2006, 3&quot; /&gt; Yara ma sun kasance waɗanda abin ya shafa kuma gurbatar yanayi ta shafe su. A cewar Action Aid, makarantu da yawa sun fuskanci ambaliyar ruwa saboda kwararar magudanar ruwa na cikin gida, wanda ya sa yara barin makaranta, wani lokacin kuma na dindindin. AngloGold Ashanti (AGA) ya kafa famfunan tunkuda na tsaye don biyan diyya na gurbataccen ruwan da ake samarwa, amma waɗannan su ma ba su da amfani ga mazauna yankin. An sanya famfunan tunkuda na tsaye a cikin shekarun 1940 da 50 waɗanda yanzu suka gurɓata da arsenic daga injinan nika.&lt;ref name=&quot;Action Aid, 2006, 15&quot;&gt;Action Aid, 2006, 15&lt;/ref&gt; Ma'aikatan AGA sun yi iƙirarin cewa hakan ya faru ne saboda an yi su da ƙarfe, amma bincike ya nuna babban adadin arsenic a cikin ruwan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Action Aid, 2006, 15&quot; /&gt; Da yawa daga cikin famfunan ko dai sun lalace ko kuma sun daina aiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Action Aid, 2006, 3&quot; /&gt; Wannan ya sa mazauna garin tafiya aƙalla mil 1.5 don neman ruwa mai tsafta.&lt;ref&gt;Action Aid, 2006, 16&lt;/ref&gt; Duk wahalar da mutanen cikin gida ke sha don samun ruwa mai tsafta ba ta dace ba. Ba a ba wa mazauna cikin gida kowane irin diyya ba saboda ɓarnar da aka yi wa ruwansu da muhallinsu.

== Tattalin Arziki ==

=== Tattalin arzikin duniya ===
Haɗakar tattalin arzikin duniya (Globalization) ta amfani da tattalin arziki ƙwarai da gaske ta hanyar haɓaka kasuwanci da samar da abinci, makamashi, da kayayyaki. Sai dai, haɓakar kasuwanci da samar da kayayyaki yana buƙatar ruwa mai yawa, har ma ƙasashen OECD sun yi hasashen cewa nan da shekarar 2050, buƙatar ruwa ta duniya za ta ƙaru da kashi 55%.&lt;ref name=&quot;Anders&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/global-water-crisis-politics-business-security|title=The global water crisis – why water politics matter for business security|last2=Jägerskog|first2=Dr Anders|date=30 August 2013|website=The Guardian|last3=Berggren|first3=Jens|last4=Joyce|first4=John|last1=Holmgren|first1=Torgny}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙasashe da ƙungiyoyi da dama sun ayyana matsalar ƙarancin ruwa (water crisis). Ruwa albarkatun ƙasa ne mai iyaka wanda ake raba shi tsakanin ƙasashe, a cikin ƙasashe, rukunonin masu sha'awa daban-daban da kuma ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Kusan kashi 50% na duk ruwan da ke akwai yana tsakanin ƙasashe biyu ko fiye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Anders&quot; /&gt; Siyasar ruwa da gudanarwa suna buƙatar rarraba ruwa mai inganci ta hanyar manufofi da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ƙasashe. Rashin kyawun siyasar ruwa da ayyukansa na iya haifar da rikicin ruwa (water conflict), wanda ya fi zama ruwan dare game da ruwan sha mai daɗi saboda muhimmancinsa ga rayuwa. Ƙasashen da ke da wadataccen ruwa suna da babban nasarar tattalin arziki saboda haɓakar ayyukan noma da samar da kayayyaki, yayin da ƙasashen da ke da ƙarancin samun ruwa, ba su da nasarar tattalin arziki sosai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoekstra&quot;&gt;{{cite report|date=January 2010|title=WHO: The Relation Between International Trade and Freshwater Scarcity|url=https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/ersd201005_e.pdf|pages=1–26|last1=Hoekstra|first1=Arjen}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan gibi a cikin nasarar tattalin arziki saboda wadatar ruwa shi ma na iya haifar da rikicin ruwa. Hukumar Ciniki ta Duniya (The World Trade Organization) ta ɓullo a matsayin jigo wajen rarraba ruwa domin kare kasuwancin aikin noma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoekstra&quot; /&gt; Ruwa wani muhimmin kayan masarufi ne a kasuwar duniya don nasarar tattalin arziki.

==== Kogin Jordan ====

Rikicin Kogin Jordan (Jordan River), wanda kuma aka sani da Yaƙi kan Ruwa misali ne na rikicin kan iyaka tsakanin Israel, Jordan, Lebanon da Palestine. Wannan rikicin ruwa ya samo asali ne tun a shekarar 1953 sakamakon rashin kyawun siyasar ruwa da gudanarwa tsakanin ƙasashe, kuma har yanzu ana tsaka da tattaunawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://gurukul.ucc.american.edu/ted/ice/jordan.htm|title=JORDAN|website=gurukul.ucc.american.edu|last1=Cartwright|first1=Randy|access-date=2017-03-30|archive-date=2016-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222220452/http://gurukul.ucc.american.edu/ted/ice/jordan.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rikicin ya fara ne da nufin ƙasar Jordan na yin ban ruwa ga ƙasa ta amfani da rukunin ruwa na haɗin gwiwa don aikin noma da dalilan tattalin arziki, a matsayin martani, Israel ta rufe ƙofofin wata madatsar ruwa a Tekun Galili (Sea of Galilee), wanda hakan ya share ruwan da ke akwai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf Newton&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Wolf |first1=Aaron |last2=Newton |first2=Joshua |url=http://www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu/research/case_studies/Jordan_New.htm |title=Case studies {{!}} Water Conflict Management and Transformation at OSU |website=transboundarywaters.orst.edu |access-date=2017-03-30 |archive-date=2018-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225082416/http://www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu/research/case_studies/Jordan_New.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; An fara shawarwari da Tsarin Bunger wanda zai rarraba ruwa daga Kogin Jordan cikin adalci tsakanin ƙasashen da ke kewaye, sai dai Israel ta bayyana cewa ba a amince da haƙƙinta na gabar teku ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf Newton&quot; /&gt; Sakamakon rikicin Kogin Jordan ya haifar da lalacewar tattalin arziki ga ban ruwa, aikin noma, samar da kayayyaki, da albarkatun ƙasa ga dukkan ƙasashen da abin ya shafa. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (The World Health Organization) ta rubuta cewa jimillar asarar tattalin arzikin duniya da ke da alaƙa da rashin isassun siyasar ruwa, samarwa da tsaftace muhalli an kiyasta ta kai dalar Amurka biliyan 260 kowace shekara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|date=March 2013|title=Global costs and benefits of reaching universal coverage of sanitation and drinking-water supply|journal=Journal of Water and Health|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1–12|doi=10.2166/wh.2012.105|last1=Hutton|first1=Guy|pmid=23428544|doi-access=free |bibcode=2013JWH....11....1H }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rikicin Kogin Jordan yana nuna rashin ingantacciyar siyasar ruwa ta kan iyaka, wanda ya taimaka wajen wannan asarar tattalin arzikin duniya na shekara-shekara. A halin yanzu, shawarwari sun yi ƙoƙarin kafa rabo mai adalci na Kogin Jordan, amma ba su sami nasara sosai ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf Newton&quot; /&gt;

==== Tekun Aral ====

Rikicin ruwa a Tekun Aral (Aral Sea) wani rikici ne na kan iyaka da ke ci gaba da faruwa tun daga shekarar 1991 tsakanin Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan da Uzbekistan.&lt;ref name=&quot;ECC Conflict Aral&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://library.ecc-platform.org/conflicts/conflict-over-water-aral-sea|title=Conflict Over Water in the Aral Sea {{!}} ECC Factbook|date=9 February 2015|website=ECC Library|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf Newton 2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Wolf |first1=Aaron |last2=Newton |first2=Joshua |url=http://www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu/research/case_studies/Aral_Sea_New.htm |title=Case studies {{!}} Water Conflict Management and Transformation at OSU |website=transboundarywaters.orst.edu |access-date=2017-03-30 |archive-date=2018-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218093815/http://www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu/research/case_studies/Aral_Sea_New.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dalilai na zamantakewa kamar haɓakar tattalin arziki, ƙaruwar jama'a, buƙatar wutar lantarki, da gurɓataccen yanayi sun haifar da ƙarancin ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ECC Conflict Aral&quot; /&gt; Ƙarancin ruwan ya haifar da iyakancewar samun damar rarraba ruwa yadda ya kamata tsakanin ƙasashen da ke maƙwabtaka da juna.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf Newton 2&quot; /&gt; Ƙarancin ruwan ya shafi fannoni da yawa na rayuwa da albarkatun ƙasa kamar su; kifi, raye-rayen halittu daban-daban (biodiversity), ruwa, gurɓataccen iska, aikin gandun daji, ƙasar noma da wadatar tsarin muhalli.&lt;ref name=&quot;ECC Conflict Aral&quot; /&gt; Tasirin rashin kyawun siyasar ruwa da gudanarwa ya yi tasiri mara kyau ga tattalin arzikin ƙasashen da ke kewaye kuma ya haifar da matsa lamba ga albarkatun da ke da matukar muhimmanci ga fannin aikin noma.&lt;ref name=&quot;ECC Conflict Aral&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolf Newton 2&quot; /&gt; Bincike ya nuna cewa ƙarancin ruwa na iya janyewa yankuna asarar har kashi 6 cikin ɗari na GDP dinsu kuma ya haifar da ƙaura, wanda ke yin tasiri mara kyau ga tattalin arzikin cikin gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water/publication/high-and-dry-climate-change-water-and-the-economy|title=High and Dry: Climate Change, Water, and the Economy|website=World Bank|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An yi ƙoƙari da dama don magance rikicin daga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban kamar Hukumar Kula da Haɗin Kan Ruwa ta Tsakanin Ƙasashe, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Tekun Aral, da Shirin Rukunin Ruwa na Tekun Aral, amma har yanzu matsalar tana nan tana faruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ECC Conflict Aral&quot; /&gt;

=== Tattalin arzikin cikin gida ===
Siyasar ruwa tana nan a cikin ƙasashe, wanda kuma aka sani da matakin yanki (subnational). Raba ikon samun ruwa tsakanin hukumomin gwamnati daban-daban yana da mahimmanci ga siyasar ruwa mai inganci. Rashin ingantacciyar siyasar ruwa a matakin yanki yana da babban tasiri ga tattalin arzikin cikin gida ta hanyar ƙarin farashi ga kasuwanci, ƙarin farashi ga fannin aikin noma, rage gasar cikin gida, raguwar ayyukan yi na cikin gida da farashin abubuwan more rayuwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.veolianorthamerica.com/en/implications-of-growth|title=Home page}}&lt;/ref&gt; Misali, jihar Texas tana shirin gina madatsun ruwa don magance ƙarancin ruwa; waɗannan madatsun ruwan za su ci dalar Amurka sama da $600 ga kowane acre-foot don ginawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;alamaro&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Alamaro|first1=Moshe|title=Water politics must adapt to a warming world|journal=Nature|date=30 September 2014|volume=514|issue=7520|pages=7|doi=10.1038/514007a|pmid=25279881|bibcode=2014Natur.514....7A|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jihohi na cikin ƙasa suna da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin siyasar ruwa ta hanyar gudanar da dabarun ruwa na cikin gida da kuma magance matsalolin da suka shafi siyasar ruwa kamar rarrabawa, ƙarancin ruwa da gurɓatar ruwa.

==== Rukunin ruwa na Kogin Colorado ====

Rukunin ruwa na Kogin Colorado (Colorado River) rukunin ruwa ne na kan iyaka da ke tsakanin Amurka (United States) da Mexico. Sai dai a matakin cikin gida a Amurka, ana raba rukunin ruwan ne tsakanin Colorado, Utah, Arizona, Nevada da California. Rukunin Ruwa na Kogin Colorado yana nuna rikicin tsakanin gwamnatoci kan ikon cin gashin kansa na siyasar ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;moore&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|date=19 January 2017|title=The dilemma of autonomy: decentralization and water politics at the subnational level|journal=Water International|volume=42|issue=2|pages=222–239|doi=10.1080/02508060.2017.1276038|last1=Moore|first1=Scott M.|bibcode=2017WatIn..42..222M |hdl=10986/26253|s2cid=157939313|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Siyasar ruwa ta tsakanin gwamnatoci tana da jarumai da dama kamar ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da rukunonin masu sha'awa daban-daban. Haɗin gwiwa a cikin siyasar ruwa ta cikin gida na iya haifar da fa'idodin tattalin arziki ta hanyar raba farashi da haɗari ga abubuwan more rayuwa. Bugu da ƙari, ingantaccen gudanarwar siyasar ruwa yana haifar da rarraba ruwa mai riba wanda zai iya dorewar ban ruwa da fannin aikin noma.

== Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam ==
[[File:Indian women carrying water.jpg|thumb|Indian women carrying water]]
Ruwa wani babban buƙata ne na dindindin ga dorewar ɗan adam (human sustainability) da kuma rayuwarsa. Babu wani aikin ɗan adam da zai iya dorewa ba tare da amfani da ruwa ba, ko dai ta hanyar kai tsaye ko ta fito-na-fito.&lt;ref name=&quot;Elhance 2000&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Elhance|title=Hydropolitics: Grounds for Despair, Reasons for Hope|journal=International Negotiation|date=1 February 2000|volume=5|issue=2|pages=201–222|doi=10.1163/15718060020848730}}&lt;/ref&gt; Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ayyana samun ruwa a matsayin muhimmin haƙƙin ɗan adam na yau da kullum a ƙarƙashin sassa na 11 da 12 na Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa (International Covenant), wanda ke nuna tare da kare haƙƙoƙi a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, Manufofin Haɓakawa na Millenium (Millennium Development Goals) na shekarar 2000 sun haɗa da raba ruwa da kuma rarraba shi cikin adalci a matsayin babban buri.&lt;ref name=&quot;khad&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Khadka|first1=Arjun Kumar|title=The Emergence of Water as a 'Human Right' on the World Stage: Challenges and Opportunities|journal=International Journal of Water Resources Development|date=22 January 2010|volume=26|issue=1|pages=37–49|doi=10.1080/07900620903391838|bibcode=2010IJWRD..26...37K |s2cid=154480603}}&lt;/ref&gt; Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da Manufofin Haɓakawa na Millenium suna adawa da mayar da ruwa na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu (water privatization) domin ruwa haƙƙin ɗan adam ne, kuma kowane ɗan adam yana da haƙƙin amfani da ruwa. Daidaiton samun ruwa yana nufin cewa kada a ba wani mutum gata fiye da wani a matakin farko na rayuwa. Sayar da ruwa ba abu ne da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya za ta amince da shi ko ba da hujja a kansa ba a matakin farko saboda ana kallon ruwa a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan adam na kowa da kowa. An ƙirƙiri haƙƙin samun ruwa ne musamman don taimaka wa talakawa a ƙasashe masu tasowa (developing countries) ta hanyar samun ruwa cikin adalci don hanzarta kariya daga rashin lafiya da mutuwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;khad&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;siva&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Sivakumar|first1=Bellie|title=Planning and management of shared waters: hydropolitics and hydropsychology – two sides of the same coin|journal=International Journal of Water Resources Development|date=16 October 2013|volume=30|issue=2|pages=200–210|doi=10.1080/07900627.2013.841072|s2cid=154793056}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, haƙƙoƙin ruwa suna da alaƙa da kare muhalli, ƙarfafa tattalin arziki, da kuma ƙarfafa tsarin rarraba ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;khad&quot; /&gt;

An kafa yarjejeniyoyi da yawa don ƙoƙarin kauce wa rashin daidaito da rikici game da amfani da ruwa. Duk da haka, shugabannin ƙasa da ƙasa suna fuskantar jidali wajen haɗa yarjejeniyoyin ƙasashe biyu (bilateral) da na ƙasashe da yawa (multilateral) don tabbatar da rarraba ruwa cikin inganci da adalci. Misali, akwai kusan rukunonin koguna (river basins) guda 275 da rukunonin ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa (groundwater aquifers) guda 270 tare da manufofin da ke gudanar da raba albarkatun tsakanin ƙasashe biyu ko fiye.&lt;ref name=&quot;siva&quot; /&gt; Duk da amfani da manufofi a cikin gudanar da ruwa na haɗin gwiwa, an sami rikice-rikice da yawa tsakanin ƙasashe saboda rashin kyawun rarraba ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;siva&quot; /&gt; Haka zalika, an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin ruwa sama da 300 a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa wajen magance rabon ruwa, tukunna ma dai gudanarwa da rarraba ruwa har yanzu ba a kai ga matsaya ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Elhance 2000&quot; /&gt; A halin yanzu, manufofi da yarjejeniyoyin da aka yi niyya don magance siyasar ruwa da rarrabawa tsakanin ƙasashe ba su wadatar ba. Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (United Nations) ba ta gabatar da wani shiri na ƙirƙirar tsari na dabarun ladabtar da ƙasashen da ke da rikicin ruwa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;khad&quot; /&gt; Idan ba tare da tilasta bin waɗannan manufofi da tsari ba, ƙasashe suna jin matsa lamba kaɗan wajen bin manufofin, wanda ke haifar da ci gaba da rashin ingancin ayyukan siyasar ruwa. An sami buƙata daga ƙasashe da rukunonin masu sha'awa daban-daban ga Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ta fitar da manufa mai ɗauke da dokoki da iyakoki kan rabon ruwa da gudanarwa. Wannan manufa dole ne ta haɗa da bayyanannun tara da hukunci ga ƙasashen da suka saba wa manufofin.&lt;ref name=&quot;siva&quot; /&gt;

Yayin da samun ruwa ke raguwa yau da kullum, buƙatar manufofi da yarjejeniyoyi don magance rarraba ruwa da rabonsa na ƙaruwa. Yarjejeniyoyin ƙasashe biyu da na ƙasashe da yawa sun fi mahimmanci ga ƙasashen duniya na uku (third world countries) tunda ruwa albarkatun ƙasa ne mai ƙaranci, kuma su ne za su fara fuskantar ƙarancin ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;siva&quot; /&gt; Manufar yarjejeniyoyin ita ce tabbatar da cewa dukkan mutane suna da damar samun ruwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na muhimman haƙƙoƙinsu na ɗan adam na yau da kullum. Ƙasashe masu arziki (developed countries) na iya ba da sauran albarkatun don yin musanya da ruwa, amma ƙasashen duniya na uku ba su da kyakkyawan yanayi kamar ƙasashe masu arziki kuma za su yi baya-baya. Idan ba a kafa yarjejeniyoyi ba, ƙasashe da yawa na duniya na uku ba za su da wani zaɓi illa su juya ga yaƙi domin samar da ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;khad&quot; /&gt; Yaƙe-yaƙen ruwa na iya tasowa saboda muhimmancin ruwa ga rayuwa; ƙarancin ruwa na iya haifar da matsalolin tattalin arziki, matsalolin raye-rayen halittu daban-daban (biodiversity), matsalolin muhalli, rashin lafiya, har ma da mutuwa. Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tana jaddadawa tare da ba da fifiko ga ruwa a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan adam. Duk da haka, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta gaza ƙirƙirar manufar da ta dace wajen daidaita daidaito ta fuskar raba ruwa da gudanarwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;khad&quot; /&gt;

== Kimiyyar Halayyar Ruwa (Hydropsychology) ==
Ƙirƙirar manufofi da yarjejeniyoyi yana ƙara zama mai wahala lokacin da aka sanya batun kimiyyar halayyar ruwa (hydropsychology) a ciki. An san hydropsychology a matsayin amfani da ruwa a matakin ƙarami (micro-level) ko kuma a matakin mutum ɗaya. Hydropsychology yana da amfani saboda yana nazarin amfani da ruwa a ƙaramin sikeli. Ana kallon hydropsychology a matsayin dabarar bincike daga ƙasa zuwa sama (bottom-up approach) yayin da hydropolitics (siyasar ruwa) ita ce dabarar bincike daga sama zuwa ƙasa (top-down approach).&lt;ref name=&quot;siva&quot; /&gt; A tarihi, ba a ba wa hydropsychology hankali sosai ba saboda shugabannin ƙasa da ƙasa sun fi mayar da hankali kan rabon ruwa na ƙasa da ƙasa da gudanarwa maimakon amfanin gida (domestic use).&lt;ref name=&quot;Elhance 2000&quot; /&gt; A halin yanzu, shugabannin ƙasa da ƙasa suna neman gaggawa da ƙarin kulawa daga al'ummomin duniya kan batun hydropsychology saboda yana shafar ƙarancin ruwa ƙwarai da gaske.&lt;ref name=&quot;Elhance 2000&quot; /&gt; Misali, Amurka tana da wadataccen ruwa mai yawa; a sakamakon haka, gudanar da ruwa na Amurka a matakin ƙarami yana ba da damar gudanar da ayyukan shakatawa kamar wuraren shakatawa na ruwa (water parks) wanda ke ba da fa'idodin tattalin arziki. Yayin da ƙasashe da yawa na duniya na uku ba su da damar samun ruwa mai tsafta, kuma yanayinsu zai daɗa muni yayin da wadatar ruwa ke raguwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Elhance 2000&quot; /&gt; Hydropsychology yana da mahimmanci saboda yana ƙayyade yawan wadatar ruwan duniya da ake amfani da shi a matakin ƙarami. Bugu da ƙari, amfani da ruwa don ayyukan shakatawa maimakon dorewar rayuwa yana haifar da babban ƙaruwa a cikin kulawar da hydropsychology ke samu yanzu yayin da ake samun gagarumin gibi tsakanin wadatar ruwa a ƙasashe daban-daban. Wasu ƙasashen suna amfani da ruwa kyauta don nishaɗi, yayin da wasu ƙasajen ke da iyakantaccen ruwa don rayuwa, siyasar ruwa mai inganci tana magance wannan matsala ta hanyar rarraba ruwa da gudanarwa mai kyau.&lt;ref name=&quot;Elhance 2000&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;siva&quot; /&gt; Hydropsychology yana nuna cewa muradin wasu daidaikun mutane da al'ummomi a wasu ƙasashe yana ɗaukar fifiko fiye da mahimmancin daidaito da ruwa a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan adam.&lt;ref name=&quot;siva&quot; /&gt; Sai dai ƙasashe na iya amfani da albarkatun ƙasa yadda suke so, yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa suna nan don kauce wa rikicin ruwa tsakanin ƙasashe ta hanyar ayyukan rarraba ruwa mai inganci.

An sami shawara ta yin amfani da dabara mai daidaituwa don rabon ruwa da gudanarwa ta hanyar haɗa manyan siyasa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙananan siyasa (hydropsychology) maimakon mayar da hankali gaba ɗaya kan dabara guda ɗaya jal. Wannan dabara mai daidaituwa za ta haɗa da manufofin da aka ƙirƙira a matakin al'umma da matakin ƙasa don magance batun rabon ruwa da gudanarwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;siva&quot; /&gt;
A halin yanzu, hydropolitics yana nazarin ruwa ne kawai a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma hydropsychology yana nazarin ruwa a matakin cikin gida. Rashin nasarar hydropolitics da kansa yana bayyana ta hanyar rikice-rikicen da suka faru a dā da na yanzu tsakanin ƙasajen da ke raba tare da gudanar da ruwa tare. Don haka, haɗakar hydropolitics da hydropsychology zai taimaka wa shugabannin ƙasa da ƙasa wajen magance rabon ruwa. Dukansu hydropolitics da hydropsychology suna da dabarun mabanbanta wajen gudanar da lamarin, kuma daban-daban ra'ayoyin na iya haɗewa don ƙirƙirar cikakken mafita.&lt;ref name=&quot;Elhance 2000&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;siva&quot; /&gt; Haɗakar hydropsychology da hydropolitics kuma za ta taimaka wajen ma'amala da batutuwa kamar kasuwancin ruwa na fito-na-fito (virtual water trading), shirin haɗa koguna (river linking scheme), manyan madatsun ruwa, da canjin yanayi (climate change).&lt;ref name=&quot;siva&quot; /&gt; Amfanin yana ginuwa ne a kan ra'ayin cewa amfani da ruwa yana farawa ne a matakin mutum ɗaya, wanda daga ƙarshe ke shafar ayyukan gwamnatoci da manyan hukumomi.&lt;ref name=&quot;siva&quot; /&gt; Matakin ƙasa da ƙasa ba ya ba da kulawa sosai ga al'amuran cikin gida amma yana da babban ilimi kan manufofin ƙasa da ƙasa. Bayan haka, matakin cikin gida ba ya ba da kulawa sosai ga al'amuran ƙasa da ƙasa amma yana da babban ilimi kan amfani da ruwa na cikin gida. Don haka, haɗakar biyun tana gyara rashin kulawar da kowane mataki ke bai wa ɗayan. Haka kuma yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa matakin mutum ɗaya yana da tasiri a matakin gwamnati, wanda ke shafar wadatar ruwa, da kuma yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa (international agreements) da za a ƙirƙira. Dole ne a yi la'akari da sasanta hydropolitics da hydropsychology wajen gudanar da rabon ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Elhance 2000&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;siva&quot; /&gt; An yi watsi da mahimmancin hydropsychology a dā, amma mahimmancinsa a bayyane yake ƙwarai don halin yanzu da na gaba.

== Mayar da Hannun Kamfanoni Masu Zaman Kansu (Privatization) ==
Mayar da kamfanonin ruwa ga hannun kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ya fuskanci kalubale da hamayya a lokuta da dama saboda rashin ingancin ingancin ruwa, hauhawar farashi, da kuma damuwar da ta shafi ɗabi'u da moral. A ƙasar Bolivia misali, shirin mayar da kamfanonin ruwa ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu wanda Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya (International Monetary Fund) ya ba da shawara ya fuskanci zanga-zangar jama'a a Cochabamba a shekarar 2000, wanda hakan ya yi sanadiyyar korar Bechtel, wani kamfanin injiniya na Amurka da ke da tafi a San Francisco. Kamfanin Suez ya fara janye jikinsa daga Kudancin Amurka saboda makamancin wannan zanga-zanga a Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, da Córdoba.&lt;ref&gt;[http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=32660 WATER-LATIN AMERICA: Suez Packs Its Bags and Won't Be Back&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt; Masu amfani da ruwan sun fito kan tituna domin nuna rashin amincewa da ƙarin farashin ruwa har kashi 500 cikin ɗari wanda kamfanin Suez ya sanya na dole. A Kudanci da Tsakiyar Amurka, Suez yana da lasisin gudanar da ruwa a kasashen Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil da Mexico. &quot;Jami'an Bolivia sun zargi Suez da rashin haɗa isassun gidaje da bututun ruwa kamar yadda kwangilarsa ta tanada, da kuma cajin kuɗi har dalar Amurka $455 ga kowane haɗin bututu, wato kusan sau uku na matsakaicin albashin kowane wata na akwautun ofis&quot;, kamar yadda jaridar The Mercury News ta ruwaito.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Bolivia's water wars coming to end under Morales |newspaper=[[Mercury News]] |date=February 26, 2006 |url=http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/world/13969197.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Afirka ta Kudu (South Africa) ma ta ɗauki matakan mayar da ruwa ga hannun kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, abin da ya haddasa ɓarnar cutar kwalara (cholera) da ta kashe mutane 200.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Water privatisation: ask the experts |work=BBC News |date=December 10, 2004 |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/talking_point/2957550.stm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1997, masu ba da shawara na Bankin Duniya (World Bank) sun taimaka wa gwamnatin Philippines wajen mayar da Tsarin Ruwa da Tsaftace Muhalli na Birnin Manila (MWSS) ga hannun kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Zuwa shekarar 2003, ƙarin farashin ruwa ya kai kashi 81% a yankin gabashin Philippines da kashi 36% a yankin yamma. Yayin da ayyukan suka daɗa tsada kuma suka rasa inganci ƙarƙashin tsarin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, an sami raguwar damar samun ruwa ga gidajen talakawa. A cikin watan Oktoba 2003, Ƙungiyar 'Yanci daga Bashi (Freedom from Debt Coalition) ta ba da rahoton cewa raguwar damar samun tsaftataccen ruwa ya haifar da ɓarnar kwalara da sauran cututtukan da ke shafar ciki da hanji (gastrointestinal diseases).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Rights Education Empowers People in the Philippines |publisher=[[Aurora Parong]] |year=1995 |url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/humanrights/publications/rn/rn_2004_5.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mayar da ruwa ga hannun kamfanoni masu zaman kansu (Water privatization) wata dabara ce da ake amfani da ita don samar da amintaccen ruwa mai dorewa daga ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu maimakon fannin gwamnati ya samar da wannan sabis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pierce&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|date=December 2012|title=The Political Economy of Water Service Privatization in Mexico City, 1994–2011|journal=International Journal of Water Resources Development|volume=28|issue=4|pages=675–691|doi=10.1080/07900627.2012.685126|last1=Pierce|first1=Gregory|bibcode=2012IJWRD..28..675P |s2cid=153813854}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mayar da siyasar ruwa ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ya ƙunshi sake tsara rarraba ruwa daga fannin gwamnati zuwa fannin masu zaman kansu ta hanyar mayar da ruwa na kasuwanci da na kuɗi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahler&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|date=29 April 2010|title=Fixing and Nixing: The Politics of Water Privatization|journal=Review of Radical Political Economics|volume=42|issue=2|pages=213–230|doi=10.1177/0486613410368497|last1=Ahlers|first1=R.|s2cid=154802023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gwamnati tana mika gudanar da siyasar ruwa ga ƙungiyar mai zaman kanta. Ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna rarraba ruwa ne bisa tsarin jari-hujja (capitalism mechanisms).&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahler&quot; /&gt; Mayar da siyasar ruwa ta kasuwanci a fannin masu zaman kansu yana rarraba ruwa ne bisa dalilai da suka shafi ribar tattalin arziki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahler&quot; /&gt;

A tarihi, mayar da ruwa ga hannun kamfanoni masu zaman kansu yana haifar da takaddamar cikin gida, zanga-zanga da yaƙe-yaƙe. Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta karkasa samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan adam na kowa da kowa.&lt;ref name=&quot;UN-Water&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.unwater.org/|title=UN-Water: Home|website=www.unwater.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Birnin Mexico (Mexico City) ===

An amince da mayar da ruwa ga hannun kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a Birnin Mexico (Mexico City) don yaƙar damuwar da ke ƙaruwa ta rashin kyawun siyasar ruwa da fannin gwamnati ke bayarwa. Ƙarƙashin kulawar gwamnati, an kiyasta cewa Birnin Mexico ya yi asarar har kashi 40% na ruwansa ta hanyar bututu masu fita da ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/world/03/world_forum/water/html/mexico_city.stm|title=BBC NEWS|website=news.bbc.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1994, Birnin Mexico ya mayar da ayyukan ruwansa ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ta hanyar Distrito Federal don magance ƙarancin ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pierce&quot; /&gt; Yanayin muhalli da na tattalin arziki a wancan lokacin ya matsa wa Jam'iyyar Juyin Juya Halin Dimokuradiyya (Party of the Democratic Revolution) lamba don ta amince da mayar da ruwan ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu don magance ƙarancin ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pierce&quot; /&gt; Birnin Mexico yana ɗaya daga cikin misalai kalilan na nasarar mayar da ayyukan ruwa ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Daga shekarar 1994 zuwa 2003, kamfanonin ruwa na ƙasashe da yawa sun samar da haɓakar ingancin ayyukan ruwa, yayin da fannin gwamnati ke riƙe da ikon kula da abubuwan more rayuwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pierce&quot; /&gt; Sai dai, a kwanan nan Birnin Mexico ya fuskanci wasu wahalhalu a cikin tsarin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu saboda shawarwarin kwangila tsakanin fannin gwamnati da na masu zaman kansu, wanda hakan ya haifar da tsaikon ingancin ayyukan ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pierce&quot; /&gt;

=== Bolivia ===

Kasar Bolivia ta mayar da hanyar samar da ruwanta ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a birnin Cochabamba a shekarar 1999 ga Sempa, wata ƙungiyar ruwa ta ƙasashe da yawa mai zaman kanta.&lt;ref name=&quot;economist&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2000/02/10/water-war-in-bolivia|title=Water war in Bolivia|date=10 February 2000|newspaper=The Economist}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan haka, Bolivia ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar dalar Amurka biliyan $2.5, a asirce a bayan fage, don mika tsarin ruwan Cochabamba ga Aguas del Tunari.&lt;ref name=&quot;PBS Frontline Bolivia Cochabamba&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/bolivia/timeline.html|title=Bolivia – Leasing the Rain. Timeline: Cochabamba Water Revolt |publisher=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mayar da hanyar samar da ruwa na Cochabamba ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ya haifar da Yaƙin Ruwa na Cochabamba (The Cochabamba Water War), wanda ya fara a shekarar 1999 kuma ya ƙare a shekarar 2000. Yaƙin Ruwa na Cochabamba ya haifar da zanga-zanga da yawa da tashe-tashen hankula a matsayin martani ga mayar da ruwan ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.&lt;ref name=&quot;economist&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PBS Frontline Bolivia Cochabamba&quot; /&gt; Aguas del Tunari ya yi alƙawarin samar da wutar lantarki da ban ruwa ga Cochabamba. Bugu da ƙari, Bechtel, babban mai hannun jari na Aguas del Tunari, ya tabbatar da cewa ayyukan ruwa da na kwasfa za su ƙaru ƙwarai da gaske ƙarƙashin gudanarwar kamfani mai zaman kansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;PBS Frontline Bolivia Cochabamba&quot; /&gt; Sai dai, an shaida wa 'yan ƙasar Cochabamba cewa waɗannan ayyukan za su haifar da ƙarin kashi 35% na farashin ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;coleman&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|date=2012|title=Who Owns the Water? An Analysis of Water Conflicts in Latin American and Modern Water Law|url=https://depts.washington.edu/chid/intersections_Spring_2012/Thomas_Coleman_Water_Conflicts_in_Latin_America_and_Water_Law.pdf|journal=Intersections|volume=12|issue=2|pages=1–19|last1=Coleman|first1=Thomas}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PBS Frontline Bolivia Cochabamba&quot; /&gt; Gwamnatin Bolivia ta kafa Dokar 2029 wacce ta samar da tsarin ba da lasisi game da samar da ruwa, Dokar 2029 ta bai wa fannin masu zaman kansu ikon mallakar ruwa na musamman da haƙƙoƙi na musamman kan ruwa a cikin Cochabamba.&lt;ref name=&quot;coleman&quot; /&gt; Manufar dokar 2029 ita ce samar da ingantattun ayyukan ruwa ga yankunan Cochabamba da ke da yawan jama'a sama da mutane 10,000 ta hanyar mika ruwa ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.&lt;ref name=&quot;coleman&quot; /&gt; Lamarin a Cochabamba ya daɗa ta'azzara lokacin da farashin ruwa ya ninka, har ma ya ninka sau uku a wasu yankunan.&lt;ref name=&quot;coleman&quot; /&gt; Haɓakar farashin ta faru ne saboda gina aikin madatsar ruwa ta Misicuni da kuma bashin da Sempa ya bari a baya.&lt;ref name=&quot;PBS Frontline Bolivia Cochabamba&quot; /&gt; Gagarumin ƙarin farashin na samar da ruwa ya haifar da zanga-zangar da ta rufe birnin na tsawon kwanaki huɗu.&lt;ref name=&quot;PBS Frontline Bolivia Cochabamba&quot; /&gt; Zanga-zangar lumana da Oscar Olivera ya jagoranta da sauri ta juye zuwa tashe-tashen hankula, lamarin da ya haddasa zanga-zanga da dama da suka ɗauki kwanaki, wanda hakan ya sa gwamnatin Bolivia ayyana dokar ta-baci.&lt;ref name=&quot;coleman&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PBS Frontline Bolivia Cochabamba&quot; /&gt; Yaƙin ruwa na Cochabamba ya ƙare da murabus ɗin Shugaba Hugo Banzer daga mukaminsa, inda ya bar Bolivia a cikin makamancin yanayin da take ciki kafin mika ruwa ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.&lt;ref name=&quot;PBS Frontline Bolivia Cochabamba&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist|2}}
== Bibliography ==

* Boccaletti, Giulio. ''Water: A Biography'' (Pantheon Books, 2021)   [https://liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/full/10.3828/whpeh.63861480345874  online review of this book]
*{{cite web|title=Gold Rush|publisher=Action Aid|year=2006|access-date=29 March 2010|url=http://www.actionaid.org/docs/gold_rush.pdf}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*{{cite journal|author1=Golow, A.A |author2=A Schlueter |author3=S Amihere-Mensah |author4=H.L.K. Granson |author5=M.S Tetteh |title=Distribution of Arsenic and Sulphate in the Vicinity of Ashanti Goldmine at Obuasi, Ghana|journal=Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology|volume=56|issue=5|pages=703–710| year=1996|doi=10.1007/s001289900103|pmid=8661851|bibcode=1996BuECT..56..703G |s2cid=44760105}}.
*Rahaman, M. M. (Editor) in need Issue:  [http://www.inderscience.com/info/inarticletoc.php?jcode=ijssoc&amp;year=2012&amp;vol=4&amp;issue=1/2 Water Wars in 21st Century along International Rivers Basins: Speculation or Reality?], ''International Journal of Sustainable Society'', Vol. 4, Nos. 1/2, 193 pages. 2012
* [https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/human_right_to_water.shtml &quot;HRW, Decade, Water for Life, 2015, UN-Water, United Nations, MDG, Water, Sanitation, Financing, Gender, IWRM, Human Right, Transboundary, Cities, Quality, Food Security, General Comment, BKM, Albuquerque&quot;]. United Nations, July 2010. Retrieved 2 March. 2017.

===United States===

* Burch, Jr., John R. ''Water Rights and the Environment in the United States'' (ABC-CLIO 2015), a comprehensive documentary and reference guide to historical water issues.
* [[Carson, Rachel]], ''[[Silent Spring]]'' (Riverside Press, 1962), highly influential in shaping public opinion in United States.
* Copeland, Claudia. ''[http://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/gcil_crs_oda.pdf Ocean Dumping Act: A Summary of the Law]''. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1999. National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration. Congressional Research Service, 15 December 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
*Serageldin, I.  [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7244/full/459163b.html &quot;Water: conflicts set to arise within as well as between states&quot;], ''Nature'', Vol. 459, p.&amp;nbsp;163. 2009.
* Smith, Frank E. ed. ''Conservation in the United States: Land and Water 1900–1970'' (1971) 780pp of primary sources
* [http://www.nesc.wvu.edu/links/DW_nat.cfm &quot;Drinking Water National and State Organizations and Programs&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128132141/http://www.nesc.wvu.edu/links/DW_nat.cfm |date=2020-01-28 }}. ''Drinking Water National and State Organizations and Programs''. National Environmental Services Center, 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
* [https://www.cdc.gov/healthyhomes/bytopic/water.html &quot;Drinking Water Safety&quot;]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 19 May 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
* [https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/history-clean-water-act &quot;History of the Clean Water Act&quot;]. EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 25 May 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
* [https://www.epa.gov/privatewells/potential-well-water-contaminants-and-their-impacts &quot;Human Health and Contaminated Water&quot;]. EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 7 June 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
* Perlman, Howard. [https://water.usgs.gov/edu/groundwater-contaminants.html &quot;Contaminants Found in Groundwater&quot;]. ''Contaminants Found in Groundwater, USGS Water Science School''. The USGS Water Science School, 2 December 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
* [https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-shore-protection-act &quot;Summary of the Shore Protection Act&quot;]. EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 30 December 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
* [https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-safe-drinking-water-act &quot;Summary of the Safe Drinking Water Act&quot;]. EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 7 February 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
* [https://tribalclimateguide.uoregon.edu/climate-programs/national-tribal-environmental-council &quot;Tribal Climate Change Guide&quot;]. National Tribal Environmental Council. University of Oregon, 20 October 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
* US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/pollution/03pointsource.html &quot;Nonpoint Source Pollution&quot;]. NOAA's National Ocean Service Education. U.S. Department of Commerce, 19 December 2004. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
* [https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/other/agricultural/contamination.html &quot;Water Contamination&quot;]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 11 October 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2017.</text>
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    <title>Shugabannin Shugabannin</title>
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HeadsUpGuys wani shiri ne na kan layi da kuma bincike na Kanada wanda aka mayar da hankali kan tallafawa lafiyar kwakwalwa ta maza, tare da jaddadawa kan sarrafa [[Babban rashin damuwa|baƙin ciki]] da hana Mutuwar maza ta hanyar kashe kansa. An ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2015, shirin yana ba da kayan aikin taimakon kai, asusun mutum, da albarkatun ƙwararru da aka tsara don maza, da nufin rage kunya da inganta neman taimako da wuri.

Dokta John Ogrodniczuk, Farfesa na Psychiatry kuma Darakta na Shirin Psychotherapy a Jami'ar British Columbia ne ya ƙaddamar da HeadsUpGuys a shekarar 2015. Wannan shirin ya samo asali ne daga binciken da aka yi a dakin jiran inda maza da yawa suka ba da rahoton cewa suna da tunanin kashe kansu amma ba su tattauna su da likitocin su ba. A mayar da martani, Ogrodniczuk ya kirkiro HeadsUpGuys a matsayin hanyar da ba a san ta ba ta yanar gizo wanda aka tsara musamman ga maza da ke fama da baƙin ciki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=HeadsUpGuys: Empowering men's mental health |url=https://give.ubc.ca/impact-stories/headsupguys/ |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=give UBC |language=en |archive-date=2025-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430194452/https://give.ubc.ca/impact-stories/headsupguys/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da shi, shafin yanar gizon ya fadada don haɗawa da fasalulluka da yawa, gami da kundin adireshin warkarwa (wanda aka gabatar a cikin 2021) da kuma kayan aikin binciken lafiyar kwakwalwa (wanda aka kara a cikin 2024).

== Abubuwan da ke ciki ==
Shafin yana ba da kayan aiki da bayanai kyauta don taimakawa maza su magance matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa:

=== Binciken Kai ===
An ƙaddamar da shafin tare da &quot;Self Check&quot;, bisa ga sikelin baƙin ciki na PHQ-9, wanda ke bawa baƙi damar tantance alamun baƙin ciki. Ya zuwa 2025, an kammala binciken sama da sau 500,000.[1] A cikin 2018, an gabatar da &quot;Jarabawar Matsala&quot;, wanda ke taimaka wa masu amfani ganowa, ba da fifiko, da kuma bin diddigin hanyoyin damuwa.[2] A cikin 2024, tare da goyon bayan West Fraser Timber, an fadada Self-Check Suite don haɗawa da ƙarin kayan aikin tantancewa da ke magance fushi, kaɗaici, ƙalubalen dangantaka, damuwa ta kuɗi, wahalar wurin aiki, da rashin ko manufa ko ma'ana. Kowane kayan aiki yana ba da ra'ayoyi da jagora bisa ga martani na mai amfani.

=== Littafin Likitoci ===
An gabatar da shi a cikin 2021, kundin adireshin mai warkarwa ya lissafa ƙwararrun ƙwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa sama da 800 a duk faɗin Kanada, Amurka, Ingila, Ostiraliya, da Ireland. Har ila yau, yana ba da jagora ga maza da ke da sababbin magani, gami da shawarwari don fara hulɗa da mai warkarwa, tattauna damuwa tare da likitan iyali ko likitan gaba ɗaya, da fahimtar abin da za a yi tsammani daga maganin magana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Find a Therapist - Directory for Men |url=https://headsupguys.org/getting-help-for-depression/types-of-mental-health-professionals/find-a-therapist/ |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=HeadsUpGuys |language=en-CA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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Influenzanet tsarin sa ido ne wanda ke sa ido kan ayyukan cutar mura (ILI) tare da taimakon masu sa kai ta hanyar Intanet. Wannan sabon tsarin sa ido ya dogara ne akan sa hannun jama'a na kan layi wanda, a kowane mako, ke amsa tambayoyin intanet game da [[Influenza|Alamun mura]].

A lokacin hunturu na 2003/2004, Netherlands da Belgium sun ƙaddamar da Influenzanet na farko - De Grote Griepmeting &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=De Grote GriepMeting |url=http://www.degrotegriepmeting.nl/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823105121/https://www.degrotegriepmeting.nl/ |archive-date=2013-08-23 |access-date=2013-07-01 |publisher=Degrotegriepmeting.nl |language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; - wanda ya ja hankalin mahalarta sama da 30,000 a shekara ta farko. &lt;ref name=&quot;Marquet2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Marquet |first=RL |last2=Bartelds AI |last3=van Noort S |last4=Koppeschaar C |last5=Paget J |last6=Schellevis FG |last7=van der Zee J |date=1 July 2006 |title=Internet-based monitoring of influenza-like illness (ILI) in the general population of the Netherlands during the 2003–2004 influenza season |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=6 |page=242 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-6-242 |pmc=1609118 |pmid=17018161 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; An gudanar da Babban Binciken Influenza na Dutch a kowace shekara tun daga lokacin. An aiwatar da shi a Portugal don kakar 2005/2006;  Italiyanci sun biyo baya tare da Influweb a cikin 2008,  sannan kuma ta Faransanci da ake kira GrippeNet a cikin 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gripenet&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Gripenet |url=http://www.gripenet.pt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531174944/http://www.gripenet.pt/ |archive-date=2013-05-31 |access-date=2013-07-01 |publisher=Gripenet.pt |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Influweb |url=http://www.influweb.it/ |access-date=2013-07-01 |publisher=Influweb.it |language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Accueil |url=https://www.grippenet.fr/ |access-date=2013-07-01 |publisher=grippenet.fr |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tare da barazanar sabon cutar mura, wasu kasashe uku sun shiga wannan aikin a cikin 2009, tare da aiwatar da Gripenet Brazile,  a Brazil; Reporta a Mexico; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=REPORTA: Sistema Ciudadano de Monitoreo de Enfermedades Respiratorias |url=http://reporta.c3.org.mx/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031083859/http://reporta.c3.org.mx/ |archive-date=2013-10-31 |access-date=2013-07-01 |publisher=Reporta.c3.org.mx |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Flusurvey a Ingila. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=fLU sURVEY |url=http://www.flusurvey.org.uk/ |access-date=2013-07-01 |publisher=Flusurvey}}&lt;/ref&gt; A Ostiraliya, wani aikin da ake kira Flutracking ya fara ne a shekara ta 2006. &quot;Flutrackers&quot; sun kammala binciken kan layi na 10 - 15 na biyu game da alamun mura. A cikin 2019 Flutracking yana da mahalarta sama da 50,000 na mako-mako.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FluTracking |url=http://www.flutracking.net/ |access-date=2013-07-01 |publisher=Flutracking.net |archive-date=2013-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628114439/http://www.flutracking.net/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga shekara ta 2018 Flutracking ya fadada zuwa New Zealand, Hong Kong da Argentina. 

== Yadda yake aiki ==
[[Fayil:Gripenet_2008-2009_incidence.png|thumb|ILI Incidence curves samar da Influenzanet, a cikin 2008-2009 mura lokacin, a Portugal, The Netherlands da Belgium &lt;ref name=&quot;Gripenet&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Gripenet |url=http://www.gripenet.pt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531174944/http://www.gripenet.pt/ |archive-date=2013-05-31 |access-date=2013-07-01 |publisher=Gripenet.pt |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Duk wani mazaunin kasashe masu halarta na iya yin rajista ta hanyar kammala fom ɗin aikace-aikacen kan layi wanda ke dauke da tambayoyi daban-daban na kiwon lafiya, ƙasa, da halayyar. Kowace mako a lokacin mura, ana tambayar mahalarta su zaɓi daga jerin alamun da suka fuskanta tun lokacin da suka ziyarci shafin yanar gizon. Ana motsa shiga ta hanyar wasikun imel, kayan ilimi na kan layi, gasa da gabatarwa, da sauran ayyukan ilimi.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanNoort2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=van Noort |first=S |last2=Muehlen M |last3=Rebelo de Andrade H |last4=Koppeschaar C |last5=Lima Lourenço JM |last6=Gomes MGM |date=1 July 2007 |title=Gripenet: an internet-based system to monitor influenza-like illness uniformly across Europe |url=http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=722 |journal=Eurosurveillance |volume=12 |issue=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An bayyana yanayin ILI bisa ga saitin alamun da aka ruwaito: farawar [[Zazzaɓi|zazzabi]] mai tsanani na &gt; = 38 ° C, tare da ciwon tsoka, tare da ɗaya daga cikin masu zuwa: tari, ciwon makogwaro, da / ko ciwon kirji. Ana ƙayyade abin da ke faruwa a kowace rana ta hanyar yawan mahalarta tare da farawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanNoort2007&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;

Sakamakon tasirin ya yi daidai da bayanan tsarin kula da cutar Influenza na Turai.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanNoort2007&quot;/&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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'''Robin Buxton Potts''' ɗan siyasan  kanada ne wanda ya zauna a Majalisar Birnin Toronto a 2022. Majalisar ce ta nada ta don  wakiltar Cibiyar Wakiyar 13 ta Toronto bayan murabus din Kristyn Wong-Tam .

== Tarihi ==
Buxton Potts ya fito ne daga asalin hulɗa da jama'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-06-01 |title=Joe Mihevc and Robin Buxton Potts Appointed as Interim Toronto City Councillors |url=https://storeys.com/joe-mihevc-robin-buxton-potts-appointed-interim-toronto-city-councillors/ |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=STOREYS |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta fara aikinta a cikin  gwamnatin birni tana aiki a matsayin mai alaƙar al'umma da kuma mai  ba da shawara kan dabarun a ofisoshin 'yan majalisa Adam Vaughan, Ceta Ramkhalawansingh da Kristyn Wong-Tam, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; kafin ta zama shugaban  ma'aikata a ofishin Wong-Tum.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-06-01 |title=Ex-councillor and former political staffer chosen to fill vacancies on Toronto city council |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2022/06/01/ex-councillor-and-former-political-staffer-chosen-to-fill-vacancies-on-toronto-city-council.html |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=thestar.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan siyasa ==
A cikin 2022,  Wong-Tam ya yi murabus don tsayawa takarar New Democratic Party (NDP) a zaben lardin na 2022. Bayan tafiyarta,  majalisa ta nada Buxton Potts a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2022, don yin aiki da sauran wa'adin Wong-Tam a matsayin wakilin Ward 13.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=[[Municipal government of Toronto|City of Toronto]] |date=June 1, 2022 |title=By-law 525-2022 |url=https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/bylaws/2022/law0525.pdf |website=toronto.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Buxton Potts ta  bayyana cewa ta yi niyyar yin aiki a matsayin &quot;mai kula&quot; don rawar kuma ba za ta nemi zabe a Ward 13 ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Westoll |first=Nick |date=2022-06-01 |title=Joe Mihevc, Robin Buxton Potts appointed to fill Toronto city council vacancies |url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2022/06/01/joe-mihevc-robin-buxton-potts-toronto-city-council/ |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=City News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin da take a matsayin wakilin gari na Ward 13,  Buxton Potts ta yi magana a bayyane game da abubuwan da ta samu tare da jaraba kuma ta yi kamfen  don inganta damar samun magani ga jaraba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bond |first=Meredith |date=2022-06-25 |title=Toronto councillor shares addiction journey amid ongoing opioid crisis in the city |url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2022/06/25/toronto-councillor-buxton-potts-addiction-journey-opioid-crisis/ |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=CityNews}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Zaben birni na 2022 ===
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an nada ta a  matsayin mai ba da shawara na wucin gadi a Ward 13, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Buxton Potts ta sanar da cewa za ta yi takara a Zaben birni na Toronto na 2022 a gundumar makwabta, Jami'ar Ward 11 - Rosedale, wanda ke da kujerar  budewa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Toronto Votes 2022: Interim Ward 13 councillor Robin Buxton Potts enters Ward 11 race |url=https://canada-info.ca/en/toronto-votes-2022-interim-ward-13-councillor-robin-buxton-potts-enters-ward-11-race/ |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=Canada Info |language=en-CA |archive-date=2022-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003010845/https://canada-info.ca/en/toronto-votes-2022-interim-ward-13-councillor-robin-buxton-potts-enters-ward-11-race/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; An kayar da ita, ta zo a matsayi na uku tare da kashi 8.9% na kuri'un, bayan dan takarar da ya lashe [[Dianne Saxe]] da kuma dan takara na biyu Norm Di  Pasquale . 

Bayan zaben shekarar 2022, Councillor Shelley Carroll ya hayar da Buxton Potts a matsayin  Babban Mai ba da shawara na dabarun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Councillor Shelley Carroll - City of Toronto |url=https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/council/members-of-council/councillor-ward-17/ |access-date=March 20, 2025 |website=City of Toronto - Members of Council - Councillor Ward 17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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'''Martin Černáček''' (an haife shi 9 Nuwamban shekarar 1979) ɗan wasan baya ne [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|na ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Slofakiya|ta Slovak]] wanda a halin yanzu yake bugawa FC Ned .

Černáček, ɗan asalin Myjava kuma kyaftin na Spartak Myjava na dogon lokaci, ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta samu nasara daga gasar rukuni na huɗu zuwa babban rukuni. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-12-30 |title=Myjava mala dohrať súťaž, tvrdí jej bývalý kapitán |url=https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/415293-myjava-mala-dohrat-sutaz-tvrdi-jej-byvaly-kapitan/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Športweb.sk |language=sk-SK}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/415293-myjava-mala-dohrat-sutaz-tvrdi-jej-byvaly-kapitan/ &quot;Myjava mala dohrať súťaž, tvrdí jej bývalý kapitán&quot;]. ''Športweb.sk'' (in Slovak). 30 December 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;6 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Slovak-language sources (sk)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==

=== Farkon aiki ===
Černáček ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a TJ Spartak Myjava. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=a.s |first=Petit Press |title=Pracovné voľno vybavuje kapitán Černáček |url=https://my.sme.sk/trencin/c/pracovne-volno-vybavuje-kapitan-cernacek |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=my.sme.sk |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1998, ya koma FC Spartak Trnava . Kafin kakar wasa ta 2000/01, ya tafi aro zuwa ŠK Jaslovské Bohunice, daga nan ya koma Trnava shekara guda bayan haka. A watan Maris na 2002, ya bar ƙungiyar ya sanya hannu kan kwangila da FC Neded . Bayan haka, ya yi aiki sau biyu a ƙasashen waje. Da farko, ya buga wa ƙungiyar Czech SK Tatran Poštorná wasa sannan ya saka rigar ASV Asparn ta Austrian. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-12-11 |title=Futbalový život som mal nadávkovaný, zatiaľ netuším, ako ho nahradím |url=https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/413582-futbalovy-zivot-som-mal-nadavkony-zatial-netusim-ako-to-nahradim/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Športweb.sk |language=sk-SK}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Spartak Myjava ===
A lokacin canja wurin hunturu na kakar wasa ta 2006/07, ya koma Myjava . Tare da ƙungiyar, ya ci gaba zuwa gasar rukuni na uku a kakar wasa ta 2008/09, shekaru biyu bayan haka zuwa gasar ta biyu mafi girma, kuma a bazara ta 2012 ya kasance cikin ƙungiyar Myjava da aka ɗaukaka zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-02 |title=Nováčik Corgoň ligy z Myjavy: Ak neuspejeme, nezbláznime sa |url=https://www1.pluska.sk/sport/futbal/novacik-corgon-ligy-myjavy-ak-neuspejeme-nezblaznime |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Plus jeden deň |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haka kuma a lokacin ne ya zama kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Černáček zavesí kopačky na klinec: Som na to pripravený |url=http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok216973-Cernacek_zavesi_kopacky_na_klinec_Som_na_to_pripraveny.htm |website=Profootball.SK |access-date=2026-06-29 |archive-date=2016-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220135756/http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok216973-Cernacek_zavesi_kopacky_na_klinec_Som_na_to_pripraveny.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Černáček ya fara buga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko a Spartak Myjava a wasan da suka yi da MŠK Žilina a ranar 13 ga Yulin 2012, inda ya buga dukkan wasan da rashin nasara da ci 4-1. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MŠK Žilina - Spartak Myjava {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=http://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/760-msk-myj |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Niké liga}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙwallon farko da ya ci a kakar wasa ta bana ta zo ne a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 1-0 a waje da FK Senica, wanda hakan ya tabbatar wa Myjava nasarar a minti na 78. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FK Senica - Spartak Myjava {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=http://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/796-sen-myj |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Niké liga}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya ƙare aikinsa na ƙwararru a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 2016, a zagaye na ƙarshe na kakar wasa ta 2016/17 ta Fortuna League bayan kunnen doki 1-1 da ŠK Slovan Bratislava . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Na Myjave tri červené karty a deľba bodov (video) |url=http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok217037-Na_Myjave_tri_cervene_karty_a_delba_bodov_video.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220133221/http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok217037-Na_Myjave_tri_cervene_karty_a_delba_bodov_video.htm |archive-date=2016-12-20 |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=www.profutbal.sk |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-12-11 |title=Futbalový život som mal nadávkovaný, zatiaľ netuším, ako ho nahradím |url=https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/413582-futbalovy-zivot-som-mal-nadavkony-zatial-netusim-ako-to-nahradim/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Športweb.sk |language=sk-SK}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.spartakmyjava.sk/component/joomleague/?func=showPlayer&amp;p=18&amp;pid=8 Bayanin Spartak Myjava] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917173003/http://www.spartakmyjava.sk/component/joomleague/?func=showPlayer&amp;p=18&amp;pid=8 |date=2019-09-17 }}
* {{Soccerway|martin-ernaek/104424}} 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]]</text>
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'''Martin Černáček''' (an haife shi 9 Nuwamban shekarar 1979) ɗan wasan baya ne [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|na ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Slofakiya|ta Slovak]] wanda a halin yanzu yake bugawa FC Ned .

Černáček, ɗan asalin Myjava kuma kyaftin na Spartak Myjava na dogon lokaci, ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta samu nasara daga gasar rukuni na huɗu zuwa babban rukuni. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-12-30 |title=Myjava mala dohrať súťaž, tvrdí jej bývalý kapitán |url=https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/415293-myjava-mala-dohrat-sutaz-tvrdi-jej-byvaly-kapitan/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Športweb.sk |language=sk-SK}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/415293-myjava-mala-dohrat-sutaz-tvrdi-jej-byvaly-kapitan/ &quot;Myjava mala dohrať súťaž, tvrdí jej bývalý kapitán&quot;]. ''Športweb.sk'' (in Slovak). 30 December 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;6 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Slovak-language sources (sk)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==

=== Farkon aiki ===
Černáček ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a TJ Spartak Myjava. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=a.s |first=Petit Press |title=Pracovné voľno vybavuje kapitán Černáček |url=https://my.sme.sk/trencin/c/pracovne-volno-vybavuje-kapitan-cernacek |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=my.sme.sk |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1998, ya kuma koma FC Spartak Trnava . Kafin kakar wasa ta 2000/01, ya tafi aro zuwa ŠK Jaslovské Bohunice, daga nan ya koma Trnava shekara guda bayan haka. A watan Maris na 2002, ya bar ƙungiyar ya sanya hannu kan kwangila da FC Neded . Bayan haka, ya yi aiki sau biyu a ƙasashen waje. Da farko, ya buga wa ƙungiyar Czech SK Tatran Poštorná wasa sannan ya saka rigar ASV Asparn ta Austrian. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-12-11 |title=Futbalový život som mal nadávkovaný, zatiaľ netuším, ako ho nahradím |url=https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/413582-futbalovy-zivot-som-mal-nadavkony-zatial-netusim-ako-to-nahradim/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Športweb.sk |language=sk-SK}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Spartak Myjava ===
A lokacin canja wurin hunturu na kakar wasa ta 2006/07, ya koma Myjava . Tare da ƙungiyar, ya ci gaba zuwa gasar rukuni na uku a kakar wasa ta 2008/09, shekaru biyu bayan haka zuwa gasar ta biyu mafi girma, kuma a bazara ta 2012 ya kasance cikin ƙungiyar Myjava da aka ɗaukaka zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-02 |title=Nováčik Corgoň ligy z Myjavy: Ak neuspejeme, nezbláznime sa |url=https://www1.pluska.sk/sport/futbal/novacik-corgon-ligy-myjavy-ak-neuspejeme-nezblaznime |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Plus jeden deň |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haka kuma a lokacin ne ya zama kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Černáček zavesí kopačky na klinec: Som na to pripravený |url=http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok216973-Cernacek_zavesi_kopacky_na_klinec_Som_na_to_pripraveny.htm |website=Profootball.SK |access-date=2026-06-29 |archive-date=2016-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220135756/http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok216973-Cernacek_zavesi_kopacky_na_klinec_Som_na_to_pripraveny.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Černáček ya fara buga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko a Spartak Myjava a wasan da suka yi da MŠK Žilina a ranar 13 ga Yulin 2012, inda ya buga dukkan wasan da rashin nasara da ci 4-1. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MŠK Žilina - Spartak Myjava {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=http://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/760-msk-myj |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Niké liga}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙwallon farko da ya ci a kakar wasa ta bana ta zo ne a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 1-0 a waje da FK Senica, wanda hakan ya tabbatar wa Myjava nasarar a minti na 78. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FK Senica - Spartak Myjava {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=http://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/796-sen-myj |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Niké liga}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya ƙare aikinsa na ƙwararru a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 2016, a zagaye na ƙarshe na kakar wasa ta 2016/17 ta Fortuna League bayan kunnen doki 1-1 da ŠK Slovan Bratislava . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Na Myjave tri červené karty a deľba bodov (video) |url=http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok217037-Na_Myjave_tri_cervene_karty_a_delba_bodov_video.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220133221/http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok217037-Na_Myjave_tri_cervene_karty_a_delba_bodov_video.htm |archive-date=2016-12-20 |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=www.profutbal.sk |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-12-11 |title=Futbalový život som mal nadávkovaný, zatiaľ netuším, ako ho nahradím |url=https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/413582-futbalovy-zivot-som-mal-nadavkony-zatial-netusim-ako-to-nahradim/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Športweb.sk |language=sk-SK}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.spartakmyjava.sk/component/joomleague/?func=showPlayer&amp;p=18&amp;pid=8 Bayanin Spartak Myjava] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917173003/http://www.spartakmyjava.sk/component/joomleague/?func=showPlayer&amp;p=18&amp;pid=8 |date=2019-09-17 }}
* {{Soccerway|martin-ernaek/104424}} 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]]</text>
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'''Martin Černáček''' (an haife shi 9 Nuwamban shekarar 1979) ɗan wasan baya ne [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|na ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Slofakiya|ta Slovak]] wanda a halin yanzu yake bugawa FC Ned .

Černáček, ɗan asalin Myjava kuma kyaftin na Spartak Myjava na dogon lokaci, ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta samu nasara daga gasar rukuni na huɗu zuwa babban rukuni. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-12-30 |title=Myjava mala dohrať súťaž, tvrdí jej bývalý kapitán |url=https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/415293-myjava-mala-dohrat-sutaz-tvrdi-jej-byvaly-kapitan/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Športweb.sk |language=sk-SK}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/415293-myjava-mala-dohrat-sutaz-tvrdi-jej-byvaly-kapitan/ &quot;Myjava mala dohrať súťaž, tvrdí jej bývalý kapitán&quot;]. ''Športweb.sk'' (in Slovak). 30 December 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;6 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Slovak-language sources (sk)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==

=== Farkon aiki ===
Černáček ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a TJ Spartak Myjava. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=a.s |first=Petit Press |title=Pracovné voľno vybavuje kapitán Černáček |url=https://my.sme.sk/trencin/c/pracovne-volno-vybavuje-kapitan-cernacek |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=my.sme.sk |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1998, ya kuma koma FC Spartak Trnava . Kafin kakar wasa ta 2000/01, ya tafi aro zuwa ŠK Jaslovské Bohunice, daga nan ya koma Trnava shekara guda bayan haka. A watan Maris na 2002, ya bar ƙungiyar ya sanya hannu kan kwangila da FC Neded . Bayan haka, ya yi aiki sau biyu a ƙasashen waje. Da farko, ya buga wa ƙungiyar Czech SK Tatran Poštorná wasa sannan ya saka rigar ASV Asparn ta Austrian. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-12-11 |title=Futbalový život som mal nadávkovaný, zatiaľ netuším, ako ho nahradím |url=https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/413582-futbalovy-zivot-som-mal-nadavkony-zatial-netusim-ako-to-nahradim/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Športweb.sk |language=sk-SK}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Spartak Myjava ===
A lokacin canja wurin hunturu na kakar wasa ta 2006/07, ya koma Myjava . Tare da ƙungiyar, ya ci gaba zuwa gasar rukuni na uku a kakar wasa ta 2008/09, shekaru biyu bayan haka zuwa gasar ta biyu mafi girma, kuma a bazara ta shekarar 2012 ya kasance cikin ƙungiyar Myjava da aka ɗaukaka zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-02 |title=Nováčik Corgoň ligy z Myjavy: Ak neuspejeme, nezbláznime sa |url=https://www1.pluska.sk/sport/futbal/novacik-corgon-ligy-myjavy-ak-neuspejeme-nezblaznime |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Plus jeden deň |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haka kuma a lokacin ne ya zama kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Černáček zavesí kopačky na klinec: Som na to pripravený |url=http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok216973-Cernacek_zavesi_kopacky_na_klinec_Som_na_to_pripraveny.htm |website=Profootball.SK |access-date=2026-06-29 |archive-date=2016-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220135756/http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok216973-Cernacek_zavesi_kopacky_na_klinec_Som_na_to_pripraveny.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Černáček ya fara buga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko a Spartak Myjava a wasan da suka yi da MŠK Žilina a ranar 13 ga Yulin 2012, inda ya buga dukkan wasan da rashin nasara da ci 4-1. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MŠK Žilina - Spartak Myjava {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=http://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/760-msk-myj |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Niké liga}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙwallon farko da ya ci a kakar wasa ta bana ta zo ne a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 1-0 a waje da FK Senica, wanda hakan ya tabbatar wa Myjava nasarar a minti na 78. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FK Senica - Spartak Myjava {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=http://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/796-sen-myj |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Niké liga}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya ƙare aikinsa na ƙwararru a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 2016, a zagaye na ƙarshe na kakar wasa ta 2016/17 ta Fortuna League bayan kunnen doki 1-1 da ŠK Slovan Bratislava . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Na Myjave tri červené karty a deľba bodov (video) |url=http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok217037-Na_Myjave_tri_cervene_karty_a_delba_bodov_video.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220133221/http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok217037-Na_Myjave_tri_cervene_karty_a_delba_bodov_video.htm |archive-date=2016-12-20 |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=www.profutbal.sk |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-12-11 |title=Futbalový život som mal nadávkovaný, zatiaľ netuším, ako ho nahradím |url=https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/413582-futbalovy-zivot-som-mal-nadavkony-zatial-netusim-ako-to-nahradim/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Športweb.sk |language=sk-SK}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.spartakmyjava.sk/component/joomleague/?func=showPlayer&amp;p=18&amp;pid=8 Bayanin Spartak Myjava] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917173003/http://www.spartakmyjava.sk/component/joomleague/?func=showPlayer&amp;p=18&amp;pid=8 |date=2019-09-17 }}
* {{Soccerway|martin-ernaek/104424}} 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]]</text>
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'''Martin Černáček''' (an haife shi 9 Nuwamban shekarar 1979) ɗan wasan baya ne [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|na ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Slofakiya|ta Slovak]] wanda a halin yanzu yake bugawa FC Ned .

Černáček, ɗan asalin Myjava kuma kyaftin na Spartak Myjava na dogon lokaci, ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta samu nasara daga gasar rukuni na huɗu zuwa babban rukuni. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-12-30 |title=Myjava mala dohrať súťaž, tvrdí jej bývalý kapitán |url=https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/415293-myjava-mala-dohrat-sutaz-tvrdi-jej-byvaly-kapitan/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Športweb.sk |language=sk-SK}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/415293-myjava-mala-dohrat-sutaz-tvrdi-jej-byvaly-kapitan/ &quot;Myjava mala dohrať súťaž, tvrdí jej bývalý kapitán&quot;]. ''Športweb.sk'' (in Slovak). 30 December 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;6 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Slovak-language sources (sk)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==

=== Farkon aiki ===
Černáček ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a TJ Spartak Myjava. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=a.s |first=Petit Press |title=Pracovné voľno vybavuje kapitán Černáček |url=https://my.sme.sk/trencin/c/pracovne-volno-vybavuje-kapitan-cernacek |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=my.sme.sk |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1998, ya kuma koma FC Spartak Trnava . Kafin kakar wasa ta 2000/01, ya tafi aro zuwa ŠK Jaslovské Bohunice, daga nan ya koma Trnava shekara guda bayan haka. A watan Maris na 2002, ya bar ƙungiyar ya sanya hannu kan kwangila da FC Neded . Bayan haka, ya yi aiki sau biyu a ƙasashen waje. Da farko, ya buga wa ƙungiyar Czech SK Tatran Poštorná wasa sannan ya saka rigar ASV Asparn ta Austrian. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-12-11 |title=Futbalový život som mal nadávkovaný, zatiaľ netuším, ako ho nahradím |url=https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/413582-futbalovy-zivot-som-mal-nadavkony-zatial-netusim-ako-to-nahradim/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Športweb.sk |language=sk-SK}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Spartak Myjava ===
A lokacin canja wurin hunturu na kakar wasa ta 2006/07, ya koma Myjava . Tare da ƙungiyar, ya ci gaba zuwa gasar rukuni na uku a kakar wasa ta 2008/09, shekaru biyu bayan haka zuwa gasar ta biyu mafi girma, kuma a bazara ta shekarar 2012 ya kasance cikin ƙungiyar Myjava da aka ɗaukaka zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-02 |title=Nováčik Corgoň ligy z Myjavy: Ak neuspejeme, nezbláznime sa |url=https://www1.pluska.sk/sport/futbal/novacik-corgon-ligy-myjavy-ak-neuspejeme-nezblaznime |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Plus jeden deň |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haka kuma a lokacin ne ya zama kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Černáček zavesí kopačky na klinec: Som na to pripravený |url=http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok216973-Cernacek_zavesi_kopacky_na_klinec_Som_na_to_pripraveny.htm |website=Profootball.SK |access-date=2026-06-29 |archive-date=2016-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220135756/http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok216973-Cernacek_zavesi_kopacky_na_klinec_Som_na_to_pripraveny.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Černáček ya fara buga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko a Spartak Myjava a wasan da suka yi da MŠK Žilina a ranar 13 ga Yulin shekarar 2012, inda ya buga dukkan wasan da rashin nasara da ci 4-1. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MŠK Žilina - Spartak Myjava {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=http://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/760-msk-myj |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Niké liga}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙwallon farko da ya ci a kakar wasa ta bana ta zo ne a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 1-0 a waje da FK Senica, wanda hakan ya tabbatar wa Myjava nasarar a minti na 78. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FK Senica - Spartak Myjava {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=http://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/796-sen-myj |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Niké liga}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya ƙare aikinsa na ƙwararru a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 2016, a zagaye na ƙarshe na kakar wasa ta 2016/17 ta Fortuna League bayan kunnen doki 1-1 da ŠK Slovan Bratislava . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Na Myjave tri červené karty a deľba bodov (video) |url=http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok217037-Na_Myjave_tri_cervene_karty_a_delba_bodov_video.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220133221/http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok217037-Na_Myjave_tri_cervene_karty_a_delba_bodov_video.htm |archive-date=2016-12-20 |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=www.profutbal.sk |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-12-11 |title=Futbalový život som mal nadávkovaný, zatiaľ netuším, ako ho nahradím |url=https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/413582-futbalovy-zivot-som-mal-nadavkony-zatial-netusim-ako-to-nahradim/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Športweb.sk |language=sk-SK}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.spartakmyjava.sk/component/joomleague/?func=showPlayer&amp;p=18&amp;pid=8 Bayanin Spartak Myjava] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917173003/http://www.spartakmyjava.sk/component/joomleague/?func=showPlayer&amp;p=18&amp;pid=8 |date=2019-09-17 }}
* {{Soccerway|martin-ernaek/104424}} 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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'''Martin Černáček''' (an haife shi 9 Nuwamban shekarar 1979) ɗan wasan baya ne [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|na ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Slofakiya|ta Slovak]] wanda a halin yanzu yake bugawa FC Ned .

Černáček, ɗan asalin Myjava kuma kyaftin na Spartak Myjava na dogon lokaci, ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta samu nasara daga gasar rukuni na huɗu zuwa babban rukuni. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-12-30 |title=Myjava mala dohrať súťaž, tvrdí jej bývalý kapitán |url=https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/415293-myjava-mala-dohrat-sutaz-tvrdi-jej-byvaly-kapitan/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Športweb.sk |language=sk-SK}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/415293-myjava-mala-dohrat-sutaz-tvrdi-jej-byvaly-kapitan/ &quot;Myjava mala dohrať súťaž, tvrdí jej bývalý kapitán&quot;]. ''Športweb.sk'' (in Slovak). 30 December 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;6 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Slovak-language sources (sk)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==

=== Farkon aiki ===
Černáček ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a TJ Spartak Myjava. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=a.s |first=Petit Press |title=Pracovné voľno vybavuje kapitán Černáček |url=https://my.sme.sk/trencin/c/pracovne-volno-vybavuje-kapitan-cernacek |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=my.sme.sk |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1998, ya kuma koma FC Spartak Trnava . Kafin kakar wasa ta 2000/01, ya tafi aro zuwa ŠK Jaslovské Bohunice, daga nan ya koma Trnava shekara guda bayan haka. A watan Maris na 2002, ya bar ƙungiyar ya sanya hannu kan kwangila da FC Neded . Bayan haka, ya yi aiki sau biyu a ƙasashen waje. Da farko, ya buga wa ƙungiyar Czech SK Tatran Poštorná wasa sannan ya saka rigar ASV Asparn ta Austrian. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-12-11 |title=Futbalový život som mal nadávkovaný, zatiaľ netuším, ako ho nahradím |url=https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/413582-futbalovy-zivot-som-mal-nadavkony-zatial-netusim-ako-to-nahradim/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Športweb.sk |language=sk-SK}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Spartak Myjava ===
A lokacin canja wurin hunturu na kakar wasa ta 2006/07, ya koma Myjava . Tare da ƙungiyar, ya ci gaba zuwa gasar rukuni na uku a kakar wasa ta 2008/09, shekaru biyu bayan haka zuwa gasar ta biyu mafi girma, kuma a bazara ta shekarar 2012 ya kasance cikin ƙungiyar Myjava da aka ɗaukaka zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-02 |title=Nováčik Corgoň ligy z Myjavy: Ak neuspejeme, nezbláznime sa |url=https://www1.pluska.sk/sport/futbal/novacik-corgon-ligy-myjavy-ak-neuspejeme-nezblaznime |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Plus jeden deň |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haka kuma a lokacin ne ya zama kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Černáček zavesí kopačky na klinec: Som na to pripravený |url=http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok216973-Cernacek_zavesi_kopacky_na_klinec_Som_na_to_pripraveny.htm |website=Profootball.SK |access-date=2026-06-29 |archive-date=2016-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220135756/http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok216973-Cernacek_zavesi_kopacky_na_klinec_Som_na_to_pripraveny.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Černáček ya fara buga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko a Spartak Myjava a wasan da suka yi da MŠK Žilina a ranar 13 ga Yulin shekarar 2012, inda ya buga dukkan wasan da rashin nasara da ci 4-1. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MŠK Žilina - Spartak Myjava {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=http://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/760-msk-myj |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Niké liga}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙwallon farko da ya ci a kakar wasa ta bana ta zo ne a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 1-0 a waje da FK Senica, wanda hakan ya tabbatar wa Myjava nasarar a minti na 78. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FK Senica - Spartak Myjava {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=http://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/796-sen-myj |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Niké liga}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya ƙare aikinsa na ƙwararru a ranar 10 ga Disamban shekarar 2016, a zagaye na ƙarshe na kakar wasa ta 2016/17 ta Fortuna League bayan kunnen doki 1-1 da ŠK Slovan Bratislava . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Na Myjave tri červené karty a deľba bodov (video) |url=http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok217037-Na_Myjave_tri_cervene_karty_a_delba_bodov_video.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220133221/http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok217037-Na_Myjave_tri_cervene_karty_a_delba_bodov_video.htm |archive-date=2016-12-20 |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=www.profutbal.sk |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-12-11 |title=Futbalový život som mal nadávkovaný, zatiaľ netuším, ako ho nahradím |url=https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/413582-futbalovy-zivot-som-mal-nadavkony-zatial-netusim-ako-to-nahradim/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Športweb.sk |language=sk-SK}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.spartakmyjava.sk/component/joomleague/?func=showPlayer&amp;p=18&amp;pid=8 Bayanin Spartak Myjava] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917173003/http://www.spartakmyjava.sk/component/joomleague/?func=showPlayer&amp;p=18&amp;pid=8 |date=2019-09-17 }}
* {{Soccerway|martin-ernaek/104424}} 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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  <page>
    <title>Sky Gilbert</title>
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&lt;references /&gt;
'''Schuyler Lee (Sky) Gilbert Jr.''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan  Disamba, shekara ta 1952) marubuci ne na Kanada, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, masanin  kimiyya kuma mai jan hankali. An haife shi a Norwich, Connecticut, ya yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar York da ke [[Toronto|Toronto, Ontario]], da kuma Jami'ar Toronto, kafin ya zama co-kafa da kuma darektan  fasaha na Buddies in Bad Times, kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na Toronto wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga wasan kwaikwayo na [[Mutanen LGBTQ|LGBT]]. Sunansa shine Jane . Gilbert  tsohon farfesa ne a Jami'ar Guelph .

Kodayake da  farko marubucin wasan kwaikwayo ne, Gilbert ya kuma buga litattafai, shayari da tarihin kansa. Ayyukansa  suna magana ne game da batutuwan jinsi da jima'i. Yawancin ayyukan Gilbert ana samar da su a Buddies a gidan wasan  kwaikwayo na Bad Times . Ya kuma kasance mai ba da labari na yau da kullun ga  Toronto's eye weekly.

Gilbert ita ce tsohon  Shugaban Jami'ar a Rubuce-rubuce da Nazarin Wasanni a Jami'ar Guelph . Ya sami Ph.D. a Jami'ar  Toronto .

Gilbert shine darektan zane-zane na  Kamfanin Hammertheatre, wanda aka kafa a watan Janairun 2007, kamfani ne da aka sadaukar da shi ga  binciken wasan kwaikwayo a Hamilton, Ontario. Gidan wasan kwaikwayon yana cikin tsohuwar ginin Tsohon Order  of Foresters a cikin unguwar James Street North, cibiyar zane-zane ta Hamilton. A shekara ta 2000, Pride Toronto ta kira  Gilbert da Michelle Douglas a matsayin manyan marshals don fareti a wannan shekarar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.pridetoronto.com/organization/history/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213034204/http://www.pridetoronto.com/organization/history/ |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |access-date=13 June 2025 |publisher=[[Pride Toronto]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gilbert yana zaune a  Hamilton tun shekara ta 2004 tare da abokin aikinsa, mai zane Ian Jarvis . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-07-05 |title=SKY GILBERT: Gentrification and Hamilton Artists |url=http://hamiltonfringe.ca/sky-gilbert-gentrification-hamilton-artists/ |access-date=2019-09-18 |website=Hamilton Fringe Festival |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819055402/http://hamiltonfringe.ca/sky-gilbert-gentrification-hamilton-artists/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==

=== Wasanni ===

* ''Art Rat'' (1980) 
* ''Lana Turner ta fadi!'' (1980)
* Cavafy (1981) 
* Kisan kai / Soyayya (1982) 
* ''Pasolini / Pelosi'' (1983) 
* Peace Banquet: Tsohon Girka Ya Gamu da Zamanin Atomic - an rubuta shi tare da Micah Barnes, Cynthia Grant, [[Dean Gilmour]], Charis Polatos, Kim Renders, Judith Rudakoff, Philip Shepherd, da Maureen White (an fara yi Nuwamba 1983) 
* ''The Dressing Gown: labari ne mai ban sha'awa ga manya kawai'' (Playwrights Canada Press, 1984,  ) {{ISBN|0-88754-442-8}}
* The Postman Rings Once: wasan kwaikwayo (Playwrights Canada Press, 1985) 
* Theatrelife: wasan kwaikwayo na zamani (Playwrights Canada Press, 1987) 
* Drag Queens in Outer Space: a dreamplay (Playwrights Canada Press, 1990; Second Scene Editions, 2006,  ) {{ISBN|0-88754-707-9}}
* Ban Wannan Nunin: wasa a cikin nau'in dare (Playwrights Union of Canada, 1990,  ) {{ISBN|1-55155-040-7}}
* ''Ramuwar gayya: wasan kwaikwayo na Victorian '' (Playwrights Union of Canada,  ) {{ISBN|1-55155-594-8}}
* Suzie Goo: Sakatariyar Mai zaman kanta (1991; Na biyu Scene Editions, 2006,  ) {{ISBN|0-88754-709-5}}
* ''A cikin abin da Pier Paolo Pasolini ya ga Mutuwarsa a Fuskar Ɗa'' (1991) 
* Dare na tare da Tennessee (1992) 
* ''Bincike a cikin Labarin Baƙon Wildboy: mafarki a cikin takarda'' (Playwrights Union of Canada, 1992,  ) {{ISBN|1-55155-270-1}}
* ''Kashewa''-kashen Wasan (Blizzard Publishing, 1993,  ) {{ISBN|0-921368-49-6}}
* ''Drag Queens on Trial: wasan kwaikwayo na kotu'' (Playwrights Union of Canada, 1994) 
* ''Hester: Gabatarwa'' (1994) 
* Ƙarin Allah (1994) 
* ''Jim Dandy'' (1995) 
* ''Crater'' (Playwrights Union of Canada, 1997,  ) {{ISBN|1-55173-463-X}}
* Goma ruminations a kan wani elegy da aka danganta ga William Shakespeare (Playwrights Union of Canada, 1997),   &lt;nowiki&gt;{{isbn}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;: yi watsi da kuskuren ISBN (link),    
* ''Schubert ya yi ƙarya'' (1998) 
* ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Yancin kai'' (1998) 
* Masu sha'awar motsin rai (Blizzard, 2000,  ) {{ISBN|1-55331-001-2}}
* Heliogabalus: Labarin Ƙauna (Kamfanin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Cabaret, 2002) 
* Rope Enough (Playwrights Canada Press,  , Buddies 2005) {{ISBN|0-88754-872-5}}
* ''Malaman Malamai marasa kyau'' (Buddies 26 Afr-7 Mayu 2006) 
* ''Shin J.T. LeRoy na Gaskiya Za a Tsaye?''  (zuwa ga Afrilu 2007, Buddies) 
* &quot;''Ina da cutar kanjamau! ''  ''(An gabatar da shi a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 2009, Buddies) '' 
* The Situationists (An fara Afrilu 2011, Buddies) 
* Ga kaina a 28 (2013, SummerWorks Theatre Festival) 
* A Few Brittle Leaves (An gabatar da shi a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2013, Buddies) 

==== Tarin abubuwa ====

* ''Wannan Nama da ba a sani ba: Tarin Wasanni na Sky Gilbert'' (Coach House Press, 1995,  ) {{ISBN|0-88910-479-4}}
* Fintura, gurbata, tsarkakewa: wasan kwaikwayo huɗu (Playwrights Canada Press, 1996,  ) {{ISBN|0-88754-550-5}}
* ''Hanyoyin gujewa'' (Broken Jaw Press, 2001,  ) {{ISBN|1-896647-50-2}}
* Cikakken abin da ba daidai ba: wasan kwaikwayo bakwai na gay (editor) (Playwrights Canada Press, 2006,  ) {{ISBN|0-88754-852-0}}

=== Littattafai ===

* ''Laifi'' (Insomniac Press, 1998,  ) {{ISBN|1-895837-29-4}}
* St. Stephen's (Insomniac Press, 1999,  ) {{ISBN|1-895837-70-7}}
* ''Ni ne Kasper Klotz'' (ECW Press, 2001,  ) {{ISBN|1-55022-477-8}}
* Wani ɗan Ingilishi (ReLit Award; littafin, Littattafan Cormorant, 2004,  ) {{ISBN|1-896951-55-4}}
* Ɗan'uwa Dumb (littafi, ECW Press, 2006) 

=== Waƙoƙi da Sauran ===

* Digressions of a Naked Party Girl (waƙoƙi, ECW Press, 1998,  ) {{ISBN|1-55022-364-X}}
* ''Jaraba ga matashi mai laifi'' (waƙoƙi, ECW Press, 2003,  ) {{ISBN|1-55022-612-6}}
* ''Wuri Mai Kyau Don Ziyarci'' (waƙoƙi, ECW Press, 2009,  ) {{ISBN|978-1-55022-893-9}}
* Fitarwa daga Charm Factory: tarihin rayuwa (autobiography, ECW Press, 2000,  ) {{ISBN|1-55022-432-8}}
* ''Shakespeare Beyond Science: Lokacin da Waƙoƙi suka kasance Duniya'' (rashin amincewa da wallafe-wallafen, Guernica Editions, 2020  ) {{ISBN|978-1-77183-503-9}}

=== Fim din ===

* ''Saurari Birnin'' (1984) 
* Fim (1992) 
* ''Kanada'' (1993) 
* ''Abincin da nake yi'' shi (1994) 
* ''Bubbles Galore'' (1996) 
* Hutun bazara na (1996) 
* ''Blue Hermaphrodite'' (1996) 
* Babu Gasar II (1997) 
* ''Jima'i da yawa'' (2000) 

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Haɗin waje ==

* [http://home.istar.ca/~anita/ Sky Gilbert]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Protein na M1</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="7772" sha1="fi74fi7wl37ka28w69z6a225uuwz5p9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox protein family|Symbol=Flu_M1|Name=Flu_M1|image=PDB 1ea3 EBI.jpg|width=|caption=influenza virus m1 protein|Pfam=PF00598|Pfam_clan=|InterPro=IPR001561|SMART=|PROSITE=|MEROPS=|SCOP=1aa7|TCDB=|OPM family=42|OPM protein=1aa7|CAZy=|CDD=}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; |Ruwa_M1
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:PDB_1ea3_EBI.jpg|frameless]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;Kwayar cutar mura m1 furotin&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ddd; background-color: light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important; color:inherit;&quot; |Bayyanawa
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3; background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #332c1a) !important; color:inherit;&quot; |Alamar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;&quot; |Ruwa_M1
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3; background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #332c1a) !important; color:inherit;&quot; |[[Pfam]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data pfam&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;&quot; |[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/pfam/PF00598 PF00598]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3; background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #332c1a) !important; color:inherit;&quot; |[[InterPro]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;&quot; |[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR001561 IPR001561]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3; background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #332c1a) !important; color:inherit;&quot; |[[Structural Classification of Proteins|SCOP2]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;&quot; |[http://scop2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/search?t=txt;q=1aa7 1aa7]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} / [https://scop.berkeley.edu/pdb/code=1aa7 SCOPe] / [http://supfam.org/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/search.cgi?search_field=1aa7 SUPFAM]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3; background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #332c1a) !important; color:inherit;&quot; |[[Orientations of Proteins in Membranes database|Superfamily na OPM]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;&quot; |[https://opm.phar.umich.edu/protein_superfamilies/42 42]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3; background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #332c1a) !important; color:inherit;&quot; |[[Orientations of Proteins in Membranes database|Protein na OPM]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;&quot; |[https://opm.phar.umich.edu/proteins?search=1aa7 1aa7]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
{| class=&quot;infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ddd; color:inherit;&quot; |Tsarin furotin da ke akwai:
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;&quot; |PDB
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;&quot; |[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/InterPro/IPR001561/structure/PDB IPR001561] [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/pfam/PF00598/structure/PDB/ PF00598] ([http://prodata.swmed.edu/ecod/complete/search?kw=PF00598 ECOD]; [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/pdbsum/GetPfamStr.pl?pfam_id=PF00598 PDBsum]) 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;&quot; |AlphaFold
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Hlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;hlist&quot;&gt;
* [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/InterPro/IPR001561/alphafold/ IPR001561]
* [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/pfam/PF00598/alphafold PF00598]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}
'''Protein na M1''' shine furotin na kwayar cuta [[Influenza|mura]]. Yana samar da rigar a cikin ambulaf ɗin kwayar cuta. Wannan furotin ne mai haɗin membrane / RNA wanda ke matsakanci da ƙwayoyin [[RNA-nucleoprotein|nucleoprotein]] a cikin ambulaf ɗin membrane. Saboda haka ana buƙatar cewa M1 yana ɗaurewa duka membrane da RNA a lokaci guda.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid9164466&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sha B, Luo M |date=March 1997 |title=Structure of a bifunctional membrane-RNA binding protein, influenza virus matrix protein M1 |journal=Nat. Struct. Biol. |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=239–44 |doi=10.1038/nsb0397-239 |pmid=9164466 |s2cid=22521750}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Protein na M1 yana ɗaure zuwa RNA na kwayar cuta. Haɗin ba takamaiman ba ne ga kowane jerin RNA, kuma ana yin sa ta hanyar jerin [[peptide]] masu wadata da [[Amino acid]] na asali. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2022}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Har ila yau, yana da ayyuka masu yawa na tsari, wanda aka yi ta hanyar hulɗa tare da abubuwan da ke cikin tantanin halitta. Hanyoyin da aka tsara sun haɗa da rawar da za a taka wajen fitar da ribonucleoproteins na kwayar cuta daga ƙwayoyin halitta, hana fassarar kwayar cutaa, da rawar da take takawa a cikin taron kwayar cute da budding. An gano furotin yana fuskantar phosphorylation a cikin tantanin halitta. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2022}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Protein na M1 yana samar da Layer a ƙarƙashin takalma na membrane na tantanin halitta wanda ke da wadata tare da haemagglutinin na kwayar cuta, neuraminidase da M2 Transmembrane sunadarai, kuma yana sauƙaƙa budding na ƙwayoyin cuta masu girma. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2022}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

M1 ya ƙunshi yankuna biyu da aka haɗa ta hanyar jerin masu haɗawa. Yankin N-terminal yana da tsari mai yawa wanda za'a iya raba shi zuwa yankuna biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid11162800&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |vauthors=Arzt S, Baudin F, Barge A, Timmins P, Burmeister WP, Ruigrok RW |date=January 2001 |title=Combined results from solution studies on intact influenza virus M1 protein and from a new crystal form of its N-terminal domain show that M1 is an elongated monomer |journal=Virology |volume=279 |issue=2 |pages=439–46 |doi=10.1006/viro.2000.0727 |pmid=11162800 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yankin C-terminal kuma ya ƙunshi tsari alpha-helical.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Tsarin kwayar halitta na H5N1

== Tushen da bayanin kula ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Viral proteins}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sylvie Bérard</title>
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[[Fayil:Sylvie_Bérard_10_mars_2020.jpg|thumb|Sylvie Bérard]]
'''Sylvie Bérard''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1965) masanin kimiyya ce kuma  marubuciya a Kanada.

An haife ta ne  a [[Montréal|Montreal]],  ta yi karatun semiotics a Jami'ar Quebec a Montréal  kuma ta ci gaba da yin lacca ga Sashen Faransanci kuma ta yi  bincike bayan digiri a Jami'an Toronto. &lt;ref name=&quot;york&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sylvie Bérard |url=http://www.math.yorku.ca/Who/Faculty/Brettler/public_html/berard.html |publisher=York University}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya ta ba da lacca kan wallafe-wallafen  Quebec a Jami'ar Trent; ta kuma kasance darakta na Sashen  Harsuna da wallafe-kashen zamani.&lt;ref name=&quot;uqam&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=La science-fiction: de la perspective à la prospective |url=http://www.crsdd.uqam.ca/Pages/docs/08-2012.pdf |publisher=Université du Québec à Montréal |access-date=2026-06-30 |archive-date=2015-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219234919/http://www.crsdd.uqam.ca/Pages/docs/08-2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bérard ya fara buga gajerun labaru a  shekarar 1987. Takaitaccen labarinta &quot;La Guerre sans  temps&quot; ya sami lambar yabo ta Prix Aurora . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prix Aurora |url=http://www.revue-solaris.com/pour-les-ecrivains/prix-litteraires-sfq/prix-aurora-awards/ |publisher=Revue Solaris}}{{In lang|fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta wallafa labarai a cikin mujallu masu yawa. Ta kuma kasance  memba na kwamitin edita na mujallar ''XYZ'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;york&quot;/&gt;

Ta kuma yi aiki  a matsayin mai fassara. Tare da abokin aiki [[Suzanne Grenier]], ta  lashe Kyautar Gwamna Janar don fassarar Turanci zuwa Faransanci a Kyautar Gwamna Janar ta 2025 don Les sœurs de la muée,  fassarar littafin Larissa Lai The Tiger Flu .  An zabi su a baya a cikin wannan rukuni a Kyautar Gwamna Janar ta 2022 don Le fruit de la  puanteur, fassarar su na Lai's Salt Fish Girl . 

An sanya ta cikin jerin  sunayen don kyautar Trillium Book Award don Faransanci a cikin shekarar 2026 don Mes morts jeunes . 

== Ayyukan da aka zaɓa ==

* ''Ta mutu a ƙarshe'', labari (1993) tare da Brigitte Caron 
* ''Littattafan soyayya 50 da ya kamata a karanta'' (1996) tare da Julia Bettinotti da Gaëlle Jeanneson &lt;ref name=&quot;york&quot;/&gt;
* Terre des Autres (2004), wanda aka fassara a matsayin Of Wind and Sand (2009), ya sami Prix des lecteurs de Radio-Canada &lt;ref name=&quot;uqam&quot;/&gt;
* La Saga d'Illyge (2011), wanda aka zaba don kyautar Aurora &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nominations, Prix Aurora/Boréal 2012 |url=http://congresboreal.ca/prixauroraboreal/2012/ |website=Prix Aurora Awards |access-date=2026-06-30 |archive-date=2016-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020172657/http://congresboreal.ca/prixauroraboreal/2012/ |url-status=dead }}{{In lang|fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]]</text>
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    <title>Steven Fortes</title>
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      <text bytes="4487" sha1="ls7iatsw5ablw1902qesu1xuo4eax0t" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football biography|name=Steven Fortes|image=|fullname=Steven Fortes|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1992|4|17}}|birth_place=Marseille, Farans|position=Mai tsaron baya|currentclub=|nationalteam1=Cape Verde|nationalyears1=2015–2022|nationalcaps1=13|nationalgoals1=0}}'''Steven Fortes''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1992) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin '''mai tsaron baya na tsakiya''' (centre-back). An haife shi a birnin Marseille na ƙasar Faransa, amma yana wakiltar '''ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Cape Verde''' a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Ya shahara saboda tsayinsa, ƙwarewarsa wajen dakile hare-haren abokan hamayya, da kuma iya taka leda a manyan gasannin ƙwallon ƙafa na Faransa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Steven Fortes profile |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/steven-fortes/profil/spieler/276895 |access-date=3 July 2026 |website=Transfermarkt}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Steven Fortès |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/player/_/id/186989/steven-fortes |access-date=3 July 2026 |website=ESPN}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Steven Fortes a ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1992 a Marseille, Faransa. Ya taso ne a tsarin koyar da ƙwallon ƙafa na yankin kudancin Faransa, inda ya fara haɓaka ƙwarewarsa kafin ya shiga ƙungiyoyin matasa daban-daban. Duk da cewa an haife shi a Faransa, yana da asalin iyali daga Cape Verde, abin da ya ba shi damar wakiltar ƙasar a wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Steven Fortes player profile |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/steven-fortes/profil/spieler/276895 |access-date=3 July 2026 |website=Transfermarkt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙungiya ==
Fortes ya fara taka leda a matakin manya tare da '''Arles-Avignon''', inda ya nuna bajinta a gasar Ligue 2 ta Faransa. Daga nan ya koma '''Le Havre''', inda ya buga wasanni da dama tsakanin shekarun 2014 zuwa 2017, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu tsaron baya na ƙungiyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Steven Fortès joins Toulouse |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Steven-fortes-le-havre-s-engage-a-toulouse/811557 |access-date=3 July 2026 |website=L'Équipe}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin 2017 ya koma '''Toulouse FC''' bayan ƙarewar kwantiraginsa da Le Havre. Sai dai raunin da ya samu ya rage masa damar buga wasanni akai-akai. A watan Janairun 2019 aka ba shi aro zuwa '''RC Lens''', inda ya taka rawar gani sosai har ƙungiyar ta saye shi na dindindin bayan ƙarshen kakar wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Steven Fortes signs for RC Lens |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/steven-fortes-transfert-rclens-20190621 |access-date=3 July 2026 |website=RC Lens }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan ya taimaka wa Lens wajen samun matsayi mai kyau a Ligue 1, an ba shi aro zuwa ƙungiyar '''KV Oostende''' ta Belgium a shekarar 2021 domin samun ƙarin lokacin wasa. Bayan dawowarsa ya ci gaba da neman damar taka leda kafin daga bisani ya koma '''Quevilly-Rouen Métropole''' a shekarar 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Steven Fortes joins KV Oostende |url=https://kvo.be/nieuws/steven-fortes-is-de-vervanger-van-hendry/ |access-date=3 July 2026 |website=KV Oostende}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Steven Fortes signs for Quevilly-Rouen |url=https://qrm.fr/steven-fortes-un-nouveau-renfort-dexperience-a-qrm/ |access-date=3 July 2026 |website=Quevilly-Rouen Métropole}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Ko da yake an haife shi a Faransa, Fortes ya zaɓi wakiltar Cape Verde saboda asalinsa. Ya fara bugawa '''ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Cape Verde''' wasa a shekarar 2015. Daga baya ya kasance cikin 'yan wasan da aka zaɓa domin shiga gasar '''Kofin Nahiyar Afirka ta AFCON 2021''', inda Cape Verde ta kai zagayen 'yan 16 na ƙarshe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Cape Verde include veteran quartet for AFCON |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37625444/cape-verde-include-veteran-quartet-afcon |access-date=3 July 2026 |website=ESPN}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon wasa ==
Steven Fortes yana taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya na tsakiya. Ya shahara da tsayinsa (mita 1.92), ƙarfinsa a bugun kai, iya karanta wasan abokan hamayya, da kuma nutsuwarsa wajen fara gina hare-hare daga bayan fili. Waɗannan siffofi sun sa ya dace da tsarin wasan da ke buƙatar mai tsaron baya mai iya riƙe ƙwallo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Steven Fortes profile |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/steven-fortes/profil/spieler/276895 |access-date=3 July 2026 |website=Transfermarkt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Stamatis Benas''' (madadin rubutun kalmomi: Mpanas) ( Greek  ,  ; an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 1985) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon]] kwando ne na Girka. Benas ya shafe dukkan aikinsa a gasar lig-lig ta Girka. Ya wakilci Girka a matakin matasa .

== Sana'ar ƙwararru ==
Benas ya fara buga ƙwallon kwando a matsayin Aris Thessaloniki . &lt;ref name=&quot;greek&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Σταμάτης Μπένας |url=http://basket.gr/index.php/playerview?playerid=1118 |access-date=18 August 2015 |publisher=Hellenic Basketball Federation |language=Greek}}&lt;/ref&gt; A matakin farko ya fara buga ƙwallon kwando ga ''Galaxias Adendro'', ƙungiyar 'yan wasa masu son wasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;ira1908&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 July 2015 |title=Απέκτησε τον Μπένα |url=http://www.iraklis1908.gr/%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B5-%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD-%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B1/ |access-date=18 August 2015 |publisher=iraklis1908.gr |language=Greek}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fara buga wasa a ƙwararru a shekarar 2007 lokacin da ya shiga MENT na gasar A2 ta Girka . &lt;ref name=&quot;pamesports&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 August 2014 |title=Στον Ερμή Λαγκαδά ο Μπένας! |url=http://www.pamesports.gr/303099/filiko-me-venetsia-o-olympiakos |access-date=18 August 2015 |publisher=pamesports.gr |language=Greek}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2010 ya koma KAOD, inda ya samu ci gaba zuwa gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Girka a shekarar 2011. &lt;ref name=&quot;pamesports&quot; /&gt; Ya buga wasanni uku a matakin farko na ƙwallon kwando ta Girka, inda ya buga wasanni 57, inda ya samu matsakaicin maki 2.3 da kuma dawowa 1.5 a kowane wasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;pamesports&quot; /&gt; A ranar 7 ga Agusta, 2014, Benas ya sanya hannu ga Ermis Lagkada a gasar A2 ta Girka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Basketplus |date=7 August 2014 |title=Και επίσημα Μπένας |url=http://www.basketplus.gr/index.php/a2/ermis-lagkada/item/63839-kai-episima-benas |access-date=18 August 2015 |publisher=basketplus.gr |language=Greek}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Yuli na 2015, ya koma Iraklis Thessaloniki . &lt;ref name=&quot;ira1908&quot; /&gt; Bayan kakar wasa ɗaya da Iraklis, ya sanya hannu ga ƙungiyar Kastorias ta mataki na uku . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kyritsis, Thomas |date=12 July 2016 |title=Υπέγραψε στην Καστοριά ο Μπένας |url=http://www.basketblog.gr/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=164002:2016-07-12-15-05-44&amp;catid=4:b-ethniki&amp;Itemid=15 |access-date=29 October 2016 |publisher=basketblog.gr |language=Greek |archive-date=29 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029175717/http://www.basketblog.gr/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=164002:2016-07-12-15-05-44&amp;catid=4:b-ethniki&amp;Itemid=15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Benas ya wakilci Girka a matakin matasa. Ya buga wasanni 8, matsakaicin maki 4.1 a kowane wasa . &lt;ref name=&quot;greek&quot;/&gt; Mpenas memba ne na tawagar Girka a gasar FIBA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 ta 2004. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Stamatis Benas Player profile |url=https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/45301/sid/3419/tid/291/_/2004_European_Championship_for_Men_U18_Qualifying_Round/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112214708/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/45301/sid/3419/tid/291/_/2004_European_Championship_for_Men_U18_Qualifying_Round/index.html |archive-date=January 12, 2018 |access-date=18 August 2015 |publisher=FIBA Europe}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/lid_38135_cp/1/pid/45301/q/Benas/rpp//_//players.html Bayanin FIBA.com] 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist|30em}}</text>
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    <title>Femi Okurounmu</title>
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|name = Femi Okurounmu
|image                  = 
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|term_start1            = 3 June 1999
|term_end1              = 3 June 2003
|predecessor1           = 
|successor1             = [[Ibikunle Amosun]]
|birth_date             = 
|birth_place            = [[Ogun State]], [[Nigeria]]
|alma_mater             = {{plainlist|
*[[Harvard University]]
*[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
}}
|death_date             = 
|party                  = 
}}
'''Femi Okurounmu''' an zaɓe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Mazabar Sanatan Ogun ta Tsakiya a Jihar Ogun, Najeriya, a farkon Jamhuriya ta Huɗu ta Najeriya, a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar Alliance for Democracy (AD). Ya riƙe wannan muƙami daga ranar 3 ga Yunin shekarar 1999 zuwa 3 ga Yuni, 2003.&lt;ref&gt;http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/n/nigeria/nigerialeg2.txt&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin hakan, Okurounmu ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Ma'aikatar Ayyuka ta Jihar Ogun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2008/sep/161.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-07-07 |archive-date=2022-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331033713/https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2008/sep/161.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan ya shiga Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar 1999, an naɗa shi mamba a kwamitocin Kasuwanci da Harkokin Tattalin Arziki.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20091118151316/http://www.nigeriacongress.org/assembly/committees1.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Ya sake neman zaɓe a shekarar 2003, amma Alhaji Ibikunle Amosun na jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP) ya kayar da shi da ƙuri'u 111,920 yayin da shi ya samu ƙuri'u 52,390.&lt;ref&gt;http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/apr/14/043.html{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya an naɗa Okurounmu a matsayin Sakatare Janar na ƙungiyar zamantakewa da siyasa ta Yarabawa mai suna Afenifere. A watan Janairun 2005, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin dabaru da shirye-shirye na wani taro da ya haɗa shugabannin Afenifere da na Yoruba Council of Elders, waɗanda suka kasance cikin saɓani tun daga shekarar 1999.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20090105202528/http://www.odili.net/news/source/2005/jan/24/1.html&lt;/ref&gt;

A wani zaman sauraron ra'ayoyin jama'a da aka gudanar a watan Fabrairun 2006 kan yiwuwar gyaran kundin tsarin mulki domin bai wa Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo damar yin wa'adi na uku, Okurounmu ya gabatar da matsayin ɓangaren Afenifere da Cif Reuben Fasoranti ke jagoranta. Ya bayyana cewa ya kamata ƙasar ta ci gaba da tsarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu-huɗu ga shugaban ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;http://odili.net/news/source/2006/feb/27/403.html{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Haka kuma, ya nesanta al'ummar Yarabawa daga shirin neman wa'adi na uku na Obasanjo, yana mai cewa wannan ra'ayi na shugaban ƙasa ne da jam'iyyar PDP.&lt;ref&gt;http://odili.net/news/source/2006/feb/27/439.html{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yulin 2008, Okurounmu ya danganta rikice-rikicen da suka faru a yankin Kudu maso Yammacin Najeriya da siyasar son kai da neman ɗaukaka kai, inda ya ce wasu 'yan siyasa suna neman mulki ne kawai domin biyan bukatunsu na kansu.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/powergame/2008/jul/20/powergame-20-07-2008-004.htm&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Janairun 2009, ya bayyana cewa membobcin Afenifere a buɗe yake ga kowa, ba tare da la'akari da jam'iyyar siyasar da mutum yake bi ba, muddin yana goyon bayan manufofi da akidar Afenifere da ta Awolowo.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20100106230708/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/powergame/2009/jan/25/powergame-25-01-2009-001.htm&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Mayun 2010, ya soki tsarin rabon shugabancin ƙasa na jam'iyyar PDP, wanda ke ba yankunan Arewa da Kudu damar yin musayar shugabancin ƙasa bayan wa'adi biyu. Ya bayyana tsarin a matsayin wanda ba shi da ma'ana, tare da goyon bayan hakkin Goodluck Jonathan na sake neman zaɓe.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20100106230708/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/powergame/2009/jan/25/powergame-25-01-2009-001.htm&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Janairun 2010, Okurounmu, wanda yake matsayin '''Baba Ijo''' (uban ikilisiya) na Cocin Anglican na St. Paul da ke Sodubi, Abeokuta, an ruwaito cewa ya jagoranci adawar wasu dattawan cocin ga limamin cocin. Wasu fusatattun matasa sun rufe ƙofofin cocin domin hana masu ibada halartar ibadar ranar Lahadi, har ma suka yi barazanar kai masa hari. Sai da jami'an 'yan sanda guda 15 suka shiga tsakani domin hana lamarin rikidewa zuwa tashin hankali.&lt;ref&gt; &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Cite news On 1 October 2013, President Goodluck Jonathan appointed Femi Okurounmu the head of an advisory committee to prepare for a National Dialogue. |title=Anglican Church crisis: Okurounmu escapes lynching |date=10 JANUARY 2010 |author=KUNLE OLAYENI |work=Nigerian Compass&lt;/nowiki&gt;
&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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|name = Femi Okurounmu
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|term_start1            = 3 June 1999
|term_end1              = 3 June 2003
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*[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
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'''Femi Okurounmu''' an zaɓe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Mazabar Sanatan Ogun ta Tsakiya a Jihar Ogun, Najeriya, a farkon Jamhuriya ta Huɗu ta Najeriya, a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar Alliance for Democracy (AD). Ya kuma riƙe wannan muƙami daga ranar 3 ga Yunin shekarar 1999 zuwa 3 ga Yuni, 2003.&lt;ref&gt;http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/n/nigeria/nigerialeg2.txt&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin hakan, Okurounmu ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Ma'aikatar Ayyuka ta Jihar Ogun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2008/sep/161.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-07-07 |archive-date=2022-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331033713/https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2008/sep/161.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan ya shiga Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar 1999, an naɗa shi mamba a kwamitocin Kasuwanci da Harkokin Tattalin Arziki.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20091118151316/http://www.nigeriacongress.org/assembly/committees1.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Ya sake neman zaɓe a shekarar 2003, amma Alhaji Ibikunle Amosun na jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP) ya kayar da shi da ƙuri'u 111,920 yayin da shi ya samu ƙuri'u 52,390.&lt;ref&gt;http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/apr/14/043.html{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya an naɗa Okurounmu a matsayin Sakatare Janar na ƙungiyar zamantakewa da siyasa ta Yarabawa mai suna Afenifere. A watan Janairun 2005, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin dabaru da shirye-shirye na wani taro da ya haɗa shugabannin Afenifere da na Yoruba Council of Elders, waɗanda suka kasance cikin saɓani tun daga shekarar 1999.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20090105202528/http://www.odili.net/news/source/2005/jan/24/1.html&lt;/ref&gt;

A wani zaman sauraron ra'ayoyin jama'a da aka gudanar a watan Fabrairun 2006 kan yiwuwar gyaran kundin tsarin mulki domin bai wa Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo damar yin wa'adi na uku, Okurounmu ya gabatar da matsayin ɓangaren Afenifere da Cif Reuben Fasoranti ke jagoranta. Ya bayyana cewa ya kamata ƙasar ta ci gaba da tsarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu-huɗu ga shugaban ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;http://odili.net/news/source/2006/feb/27/403.html{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Haka kuma, ya nesanta al'ummar Yarabawa daga shirin neman wa'adi na uku na Obasanjo, yana mai cewa wannan ra'ayi na shugaban ƙasa ne da jam'iyyar PDP.&lt;ref&gt;http://odili.net/news/source/2006/feb/27/439.html{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yulin 2008, Okurounmu ya danganta rikice-rikicen da suka faru a yankin Kudu maso Yammacin Najeriya da siyasar son kai da neman ɗaukaka kai, inda ya ce wasu 'yan siyasa suna neman mulki ne kawai domin biyan bukatunsu na kansu.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/powergame/2008/jul/20/powergame-20-07-2008-004.htm&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Janairun 2009, ya bayyana cewa membobcin Afenifere a buɗe yake ga kowa, ba tare da la'akari da jam'iyyar siyasar da mutum yake bi ba, muddin yana goyon bayan manufofi da akidar Afenifere da ta Awolowo.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20100106230708/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/powergame/2009/jan/25/powergame-25-01-2009-001.htm&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Mayun 2010, ya soki tsarin rabon shugabancin ƙasa na jam'iyyar PDP, wanda ke ba yankunan Arewa da Kudu damar yin musayar shugabancin ƙasa bayan wa'adi biyu. Ya bayyana tsarin a matsayin wanda ba shi da ma'ana, tare da goyon bayan hakkin Goodluck Jonathan na sake neman zaɓe.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20100106230708/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/powergame/2009/jan/25/powergame-25-01-2009-001.htm&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Janairun 2010, Okurounmu, wanda yake matsayin '''Baba Ijo''' (uban ikilisiya) na Cocin Anglican na St. Paul da ke Sodubi, Abeokuta, an ruwaito cewa ya jagoranci adawar wasu dattawan cocin ga limamin cocin. Wasu fusatattun matasa sun rufe ƙofofin cocin domin hana masu ibada halartar ibadar ranar Lahadi, har ma suka yi barazanar kai masa hari. Sai da jami'an 'yan sanda guda 15 suka shiga tsakani domin hana lamarin rikidewa zuwa tashin hankali.&lt;ref&gt; &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Cite news On 1 October 2013, President Goodluck Jonathan appointed Femi Okurounmu the head of an advisory committee to prepare for a National Dialogue. |title=Anglican Church crisis: Okurounmu escapes lynching |date=10 JANUARY 2010 |author=KUNLE OLAYENI |work=Nigerian Compass&lt;/nowiki&gt;
&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>893376</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T09:29:59Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Jawa D Jawa</username>
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      <text bytes="4989" sha1="e7anyzuiyq69mprotocmmxq3ps2m773" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name = Femi Okurounmu
|image                  = 
|office1                = Senator for Ogun Central
|term_start1            = 3 June 1999
|term_end1              = 3 June 2003
|predecessor1           = 
|successor1             = [[Ibikunle Amosun]]
|birth_date             = 
|birth_place            = [[Ogun State]], [[Nigeria]]
|alma_mater             = {{plainlist|
*[[Harvard University]]
*[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
}}
|death_date             = 
|party                  = 
}}
'''Femi Okurounmu''' an zaɓe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Mazabar Sanatan Ogun ta Tsakiya a Jihar Ogun, Najeriya, a farkon Jamhuriya ta Huɗu ta Najeriya, a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar Alliance for Democracy (AD). Ya kuma riƙe wannan muƙami daga ranar 3 ga Yunin shekarar 1999 zuwa 3 ga Yuni, 2003.&lt;ref&gt;http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/n/nigeria/nigerialeg2.txt&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin hakan, Okurounmu ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Ma'aikatar Ayyuka ta Jihar Ogun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2008/sep/161.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-07-07 |archive-date=2022-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331033713/https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2008/sep/161.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan ya shiga Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar 1999, an naɗa shi mamba a kwamitocin Kasuwanci da Harkokin Tattalin Arziki.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20091118151316/http://www.nigeriacongress.org/assembly/committees1.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Ya sake neman zaɓe a shekarar 2003, amma Alhaji Ibikunle Amosun na jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP) ya kayar da shi da ƙuri'u 111,920 yayin da shi ya samu ƙuri'u 52,390.&lt;ref&gt;http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/apr/14/043.html{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya an naɗa Okurounmu a matsayin Sakatare Janar na ƙungiyar zamantakewa da siyasa ta Yarabawa mai suna Afenifere. A watan Janairun 2005, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin dabaru da shirye-shirye na wani taro da ya haɗa shugabannin Afenifere da na Yoruba Council of Elders, waɗanda suka kasance cikin saɓani tun daga shekarar 1999.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20090105202528/http://www.odili.net/news/source/2005/jan/24/1.html&lt;/ref&gt;

A wani zaman sauraron ra'ayoyin jama'a da aka gudanar a watan Fabrairun 2006 kan yiwuwar gyaran kundin tsarin mulki domin bai wa Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo damar yin wa'adi na uku, Okurounmu ya gabatar da matsayin ɓangaren Afenifere da Cif Reuben Fasoranti ke jagoranta. Ya bayyana cewa ya kamata ƙasar ta ci gaba da tsarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu-huɗu ga shugaban ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;http://odili.net/news/source/2006/feb/27/403.html{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Haka kuma, ya nesanta al'ummar Yarabawa daga shirin neman wa'adi na uku na Obasanjo, yana mai cewa wannan ra'ayi na shugaban ƙasa ne da jam'iyyar PDP.&lt;ref&gt;http://odili.net/news/source/2006/feb/27/439.html{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yulin shekarar 2008, Okurounmu ya danganta rikice-rikicen da suka faru a yankin Kudu maso Yammacin Najeriya da siyasar son kai da neman ɗaukaka kai, inda ya ce wasu 'yan siyasa suna neman mulki ne kawai domin biyan bukatunsu na kansu.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/powergame/2008/jul/20/powergame-20-07-2008-004.htm&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Janairun 2009, ya bayyana cewa membobcin Afenifere a buɗe yake ga kowa, ba tare da la'akari da jam'iyyar siyasar da mutum yake bi ba, muddin yana goyon bayan manufofi da akidar Afenifere da ta Awolowo.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20100106230708/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/powergame/2009/jan/25/powergame-25-01-2009-001.htm&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Mayun 2010, ya soki tsarin rabon shugabancin ƙasa na jam'iyyar PDP, wanda ke ba yankunan Arewa da Kudu damar yin musayar shugabancin ƙasa bayan wa'adi biyu. Ya bayyana tsarin a matsayin wanda ba shi da ma'ana, tare da goyon bayan hakkin Goodluck Jonathan na sake neman zaɓe.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20100106230708/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/powergame/2009/jan/25/powergame-25-01-2009-001.htm&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Janairun 2010, Okurounmu, wanda yake matsayin '''Baba Ijo''' (uban ikilisiya) na Cocin Anglican na St. Paul da ke Sodubi, Abeokuta, an ruwaito cewa ya jagoranci adawar wasu dattawan cocin ga limamin cocin. Wasu fusatattun matasa sun rufe ƙofofin cocin domin hana masu ibada halartar ibadar ranar Lahadi, har ma suka yi barazanar kai masa hari. Sai da jami'an 'yan sanda guda 15 suka shiga tsakani domin hana lamarin rikidewa zuwa tashin hankali.&lt;ref&gt; &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Cite news On 1 October 2013, President Goodluck Jonathan appointed Femi Okurounmu the head of an advisory committee to prepare for a National Dialogue. |title=Anglican Church crisis: Okurounmu escapes lynching |date=10 JANUARY 2010 |author=KUNLE OLAYENI |work=Nigerian Compass&lt;/nowiki&gt;
&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Matteo Sioli</title>
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'''Matteo Sioli''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Oktoban shekarar 2005) ɗan wasan tsalle-tsalle ne na Italiya. Ya lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Cikin Gida ta Italiya kuma ya lashe lambar tagulla a Gasar Cin Kofin Cikin Gida ta Turai a 2025. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Matteo Sioli |url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/italy/matteo-sioli-15010318 |access-date=23 Feb 2015 |website=World Athletics}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
Ya fito ne daga Paderno Dugnano a birnin Milan, Lombardy, kuma Felice Delani ne ke horar da shi. Shi memba ne na Paderno Dugnano na Euroatletica 2002. Ya kammala na shida a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 2023 da aka yi a [[Jerusalem|birnin Jerusalem]] a watan Yulin 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 December 2024 |title=Athletics, the future of the Italian high jump and beyond at UdinJump 2025 |url=https://www.ilpais.it/2024/12/18/atletica-il-futuro-del-salto-in-alto-azzurro-e-non-solo-a-udinjump-2025/ |access-date=23 Feb 2025 |website=Ilpais}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 March 2025 |title=Paderno Dugnano, Sioli wins bronze at the European Championships |url=https://www.nordmilano24.it/2025/03/10/paderno-dugnano-sioli-conquista-il-bronzo-agli-europei/#goog_rewarded |access-date=22 April 2025 |website=Nordmilano24.it |language=Italian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya zama zakaran Junior na Italiya a waje da kuma a cikin gida, kuma ya kafa sabon mafi kyawun tsayi na mita 2.21 a watan Yunin 2024. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 June 2024 |title=Sioli Takes Off: 2.21 (2nd Junior in the World 2024) |url=https://www.fidal-lombardia.it/index.php/news/gare/lo-junior-sioli-decolla-2-21-ad-arco |access-date=23 Feb 2025 |website=Fidal.Lonbardia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya lashe lambar azurfa a tsalle mai tsayi a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan kasa da shekara 2024, a [[Lima]], Peru, a watan Agustan 2024, tare da sabon mafi kyawun tsere na mita 2.23. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 August 2024 |title=Paderno Dugnano, Matteo Sioli medaglia d'argento ai Mondiali U20 |url=https://www.nordmilano24.it/2024/08/31/paderno-dugnano-matteo-sioli-medaglia-dargento-ai-mondiali-u20/ |access-date=23 Feb 2025 |website=Nordmilano24.it}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 31, 2024 |title=Matteo Sioli silver at the under 20 World Championships |url=https://milano.fidal.it/content/Matteo-Sioli-argento-ai-Mondiali-under-20/172502 |access-date=23 Feb 2025 |website=Fidal.it}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 December 2024 |title=Athletics, Matteo Sioli flies to Parma: 2.25 and U20 record in indoor high jump |url=https://www.sportface.it/atletica-leggera/atletica-matteo-sioli-vola-parma-225-record-u20-alto-indoor/2762003 |access-date=23 Feb 2025 |website=SportFace}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya inganta mafi kyawunsa zuwa mita 2.25 yayin da yake fafatawa a Parma, Italiya, a watan Disamba na 2024, tsalle mafi girma da wani ɗan wasa ɗan Italiya ya taɓa yi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 December 2024 |title=High Jump. Sioli Clears 2,25 at Only Nineteen Years Old |url=https://sport.quotidiano.net/en/altri-sport/salto-in-alto-sioli-supera-b8bb3af5 |access-date=23 Feb 2025 |website=Quotidiano.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya sake samun wannan tsayin, yana fafatawa a Udine, Italiya, a watan Fabrairu na 2025. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 Feb 2025 |title=Athletics Matteo Sioli on the shields in UdinJump Development Great emotions on the platform |url=https://www.zazoom.it/2025-02-07/atletica-matteo-sioli-sugli-scudi-nelludinjump-development-grandi-emozioni-in-pedana/16328428/ |access-date=23 Feb 2025 |website=Oasport.it |archive-date=23 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423065429/https://www.zazoom.it/2025-02-07/atletica-matteo-sioli-sugli-scudi-nelludinjump-development-grandi-emozioni-in-pedana/16328428/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya a wannan watan, ya lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Wasannin Cikin Gida ta Italiya da sabon mafi kyawun tsalle na mita 2.28, a Ancona . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 Feb 2025 |title=Fortunato shatters world indoor 5000m race walk record in Ancona |url=https://www.european-athletics.com/news/fortunato-shatters-world-indoor-5000m-race-walk-record-in-ancona |access-date=23 Feb 2025 |website=European Athletics}}&lt;/ref&gt; An zaɓe shi don Gasar Cin Kofin Wasannin Cikin Gida ta Turai ta 2025 a Appeldoorn, Netherlands, a watan Maris na 2025. A gasar cin Kofin, ya lashe lambar tagulla da sabon mafi kyawun tseren mita 2.29, daidai da tsallen ɗan wasan tsalle na Czech Jan Stefela wanda aka ba shi matsayi na biyu a kan ramawa, tare da duka biyun a bayan Oleh Doroshchuk na Ukraine, wanda ya share mita 2.34, tare da ɗan ƙasar Sioli Manuel Lando a matsayi na huɗu da mita 2.26. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 February 2025 |title=Europei indoor: 39 azzurri per Apeldoorn |url=https://www.fidal.it/content/Europei-indoor-39-azzurri-per-Apeldoorn/175815 |access-date=26 February 2025 |website=Fidal.it}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 March 2025 |title=European golds for Iapichino and Diaz, Sioli bronze in high jump |url=https://www.laprovinciaunicatv.it/stories/italpress-news/ori-europei-iapichino-diaz-sioli-bronzo-nel-salto-alto-o_2888462_11/ |access-date=22 April 2025 |website=laprovinciaunicatv.it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya yi tseren mita 2.15 don kammala gasar a matsayi na shida a watan Mayu 2025 a gasar Doha Diamond League ta 2025. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 May 2025 |title=Results - Doha Diamond League 2025 |url=https://www.watchathletics.com/page/6640/results-doha-diamond-league-2025 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=Watch Athletics}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mako mai zuwa, ya zo na takwas a gasar Metting International ta 2025 Mohammed VI d'Athlétisme de Rabat, wacce kuma wani bangare ne na gasar Diamond League ta 2025, a watan Mayu 2025. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 May 2025 |title=Results - Rabat Diamond League 2025 |url=https://www.watchathletics.com/page/6666/results-rabat-diamond-league-2025 |access-date=28 May 2025 |website=Watch Athletics}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zo na biyar da tsallen mita 2.23 a gasar Diamond League a gasar Golden Gala ta 2025 da aka yi a Rome a ranar 6 ga Yuni 2025. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 June 2025 |title=Results - Rome Diamond League Golden Gala 2025 |url=https://www.watchathletics.com/page/6705/results-rome-diamond-league-golden-gala-2025#google_vignette |access-date=7 June 2025 |website=Watch Athletics}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zo na biyu a tsallen tsayi a gasar European Athletics Team Championships Championships ta 2025 a Madrid a ranar 28 ga Yuni 2025. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Broadbent |first=Chris |date=28 Jun 2025 |title=Czechia's Stefela wins high jump with the highest mark outdoors in 2025 |url=https://www.european-athletics.com/home/news/czechias-stefela-wins-high-jump-with-the-highest-mark-outdoors-in-2025 |access-date=28 June 2025 |website=Eurorpean Athletics}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kafa sabon mafi kyawun tseren mita 2.30 don lashe gasar European Athletics U23 Championships ta 2025 a [[Bergen]], Norway. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mills |first=Steven |date=20 Jul 2025 |title=Sioli skies 2.30m lifetime best to win high jump gold in Bergen |url=https://www.european-athletics.com/home/news/sioli-clears-2-30m-high-jump-lifetime-best-to-win-gold-in-bergen |access-date=20 July 2025 |website=European Athletics}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In September, he cleared 2.24 metres to place joint-eighth at the 2025 World Athletics Championships in [[Tokyo]], Japan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 September 2025 |title=World Athletics Championships, Tokyo 2025 |url=https://worldathletics.org/competition/calendar-results/results/7190593?eventId=10229615 |access-date=22 September 2025 |website=World Athletics}}&lt;/ref&gt; In September 2025, he was nominated for the European Athletics male rising star award.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Broadbent |first=Chris |date=25 Sep 2025 |title=Nominees revealed! Vote for 2025 men's Rising Star |url=https://www.european-athletics.com/home/news/nominees-revealed-vote-for-your-2025-mens-rising-star |access-date=26 September 2025 |website=European Athletics}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 4 ga Yunin 2026 ya yi nasarar farko a gasar Diamond League a gasar Golden Gala ta 2026 da ke Rome, inda ya yi nasarar tsere da mita 2.28 don lashe gasar a gaban Erick Portillo na Mexico. A ranar 19 ga Yuni ya sake lashe gasar da mita 2.29, inda Mutaz Barshim wanda aka fi so a gida ya zo na biyu, a gasar Doha Diamond League ta 2026. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 June 2026 |title=Zapletalová and Paulino break meeting records in Doha |url=https://worldathletics.org/competitions/diamond-league/news/doha-diamond-league-zapletalova-paulino-velazco-pichardo |access-date=20 June 2026 |website=World Athletics}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mills |first=Steven |date=4 Jun 2026 |title=Third fastest European in history! Zapletalova improves to 52.58 in Rome |url=https://www.european-athletics.com/home/news/third-fastest-european-in-history-zapletalova-improves-to-52-58-in-rome |access-date=4 June 2026 |website=European Athletics}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lakabi na ƙasa ==
Sioli ta lashe gasar kasa a matakin manya .

* Gasar Wasannin Cikin Gida ta Italiya
** Babban tsalle: 2025

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rhulani Mokwena</title>
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'''Rulani Mlungisi Mokwena''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Janairu 1987) manajan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Afirka ta Kudu wanda shine manajan ƙungiyar Al-Ittihad SC ta ƙasar Libya a yanzu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-04-03 |title=Mokwena Names Full Al-Ittihad Technical Team |url=https://www.soccerladuma.co.za/psl/sa-players-abroad/rulani-mokwena-confirms-technical-team-at-al-ittihad |access-date=2026-04-03 |website=Soccer Laduma |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɗan tsohuwar 'yar wasan [[Orlando Pirates FC|Orlando Pirates]] Julias Sono Hloae, kuma ɗan'uwa ga Jomo Sono, Mokwena ya fito daga dangin ƙwallon ƙafa kuma ya fara aikinsa na horar da 'yan wasa a tsarin matasa a Silver Stars, kafin ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin manaja a Mamelodi Sundowns da Pirates. A shekarar 2019, ya zama manajan riƙo na ƙungiyar ta ƙarshe, inda ya riƙe wannan matsayi na tsawon watanni biyar, kafin a naɗa shi babban koci a Chippa United a shekara mai zuwa.

== Farkon aikina ==
Farkon shigar Mokwena cikin harkar ƙwallon ƙafa ya zo ne a Silver Stars, wanda daga baya aka fi sani da Platinum Stars, inda ya ƙware a fannin ƙwarewa a ƙarƙashin masu horarwa kamar Steve Komphela, Cavin Johnson da Allan Freese .  A shekarar 2014, ya koma Mamelodi Sundowns inda, bayan ya yi fice a ƙungiyar ci gaban ƙungiyar, aka ɗaukaka shi zuwa ɗaya daga cikin mataimakan manajojin manaja Pitso Mosimane, tare da Manqoba Mngqithi da Alex Bapela .  Mokwena ya zauna tare da Masandawana har zuwa 2017, inda ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar lashe gasar zakarun CAF ta 2016, kafin ya ɗauki matsayin mataimakin manaja ga Milutin Sredojević a [[Orlando Pirates FC|Orlando Pirates]] . 

== Aikin gudanarwa ==

=== 'Yan fashin teku na Orlando ===
A watan Agusta na 2019, bayan da Sredojević ya yi murabus ba zato ba tsammani a Pirates, an nada Mokwena a matsayin sabon manajan riƙo na ƙungiyar kuma ya fara jagorantarta da rashin nasara a hannun MTN 8 da ci 1-0 a hannun Highlands Park .  A cikin watanni biyar masu zuwa, ya jagoranci wasanni 15, ya ci biyar, ya yi canjaras biyar sannan ya sha kashi biyar, kafin ya koma matsayin mataimakin manaja bayan naɗin Josef Zinnbauer a watan Disamba. 

=== Chippa United ===
A ranar 4 ga Maris 2020, Mokwena ya bar ƙungiyar Zinnbauer bayan an naɗa shi babban kocin ƙungiyar [[Chippa United FC|Chippa United]] ta Premier a kan yarjejeniyar ɗan gajeren lokaci.  Duk da haka, lokacinsa da ƙungiyar ya kawo cikas sakamakon [[Cutar COVID-19 a Afirka ta Kudu|barkewar cutar COVID-19]], wanda ya sa aka dakatar da gasar daga baya a wannan watan, kuma kafin ƙarshen kwangilarsa a watan Yuni ya jagoranci wasa ɗaya kacal a kakar wasa ta bana. 

=== Mamelodi Sundowns ===
A shekarar 2020, Mokwena ya zama kocin Mamelodi Sundowns tare da Manqoba Mngqithi . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dylan |date=2020-07-08 |title=Rhulani Mokwena returns to Mamelodi Sundowns |url=https://www.sportsclub.co.za/soccer/mokwena-returns-to-sundowns/ |access-date=2026-01-24 |website=SportsClub |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260711110058/https://www.sportsclub.co.za/soccer/mokwena-returns-to-sundowns/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Oktoban 2022, &quot;An nada Mngqithi a matsayin sabon kocin Sundowns a wani mataki na rage masa matsayi daga mukamin kocin. Yanzu zai yi aiki a karkashin sabon kocin Rulani Mokwena,&quot; in ji Goal.com .  Ya lashe Kocin Gasar Firimiya ta Afirka ta Kudu a watan Fabrairu, Maris, da Agusta 2023. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Monoalibe |first=Siyasanga |date=2023-03-30 |title=Mokwena, Rayners bag coach and player of the month accolades |url=https://sundayworld.co.za/sports/soccer/mokwena-rayners-bag-coach-and-player-of-the-month-accolades/ |access-date=2026-01-24 |website=Sunday World |language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rulani and Khenyeza clinch DStv Prem monthly awards |url=https://supersport.com/football/betway-premiership/news/6835753a-3665-4e93-ac77-aadf36309285/rulani-and-khenyeza-clinch-dstv-prem-monthly-awards |access-date=2026-01-24 |website=SuperSport |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya lashe kyautar Kocin Kashi na 2023/24 . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Serero |first=Lerato |date=2023-05-31 |title=Mokwena scoops Coach of the Season Award |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/sedibeng-ster/news/2023/05/31/mokwena-scoops-coach-of-the-season-award/ |access-date=2026-01-24 |website=Sedibeng Ster |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 3 ga Yulin 2024, an tabbatar da cewa shi da Mamelodi Sundowns sun rabu, suna ambaton cewa sun yi la'akari da manufofi da tsammanin hukumar &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-07-03 |title=Mamelodi Sundowns and Rhulani Mokwena Agree to Part Ways – Mamelodi Sundowns {{!}} Official Website |url=https://sundownsfc.co.za/mamelodi-sundowns-and-rhulani-mokwena-agree-to-part-ways/ |access-date=2024-07-03 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An nada shi a matsayin kocin shekara a bikin bayar da kyaututtukan COSAFA na farko. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-05-10 |title=Rulani Mokwena happy to see young coaches from Cosafa making waves on the continent |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/soccer/2024-05-10-rulani-mokwena-happy-to-see-young-coaches-from-cosafa-making-waves-on-the-continent/ |access-date=2026-01-24 |website=TimesLIVE |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Wydad AC ===
A ranar 11 ga Yuli, 2024, Mokwena ya koma ƙungiyar Botola [[Wydad AC]] a matsayin babban koci, ta hanyar sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 2027. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 July 2024 |title=Wydad AC Signs Rulani Mokwena as Head Coach on Two-Year Contract |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2024/07/17281/wydad-ac-signs-rulani-mokwena-as-head-coach-on-two-year-contract/ |publisher=Morocco World News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bosoga |first=Thato |title=Rulani goes back to his roots to cope with Wydad's FIFA ban |url=https://www.snl24.com/kickoff/sanews/sa-players-abroad/new-wydad-head-coach-mokwena-reveals-plan-amid-departures-and-fifa-ban-20240719 |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=Kickoff |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 2025, ƙungiyar ta kori Mokwena yayin da sauran wasanni kaɗan na kakar wasa suka rage. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 April 2025 |title=Morocco's Wydad part ways with coach Mokwena |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/moroccos-wydad-part-ways-with-coach-mokwena-2025-04-29/ |publisher=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙungiyar ta sanar da dakatar da kwangilarsa bisa amincewar juna a ranar 20 ga Mayu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 May 2025 |title=Mokwena dismissed as Wydad coach |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/club-world-cup/usa-2025/articles/mokwena-dismissed-wydad-coach |publisher=FIFA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== MC Alger ===
Ya koma ƙungiyar [[MC Alger]] ta ƙasar Algeria a gasar Ligue Professionnelle ta 1 a watan Yulin 2025. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vilakazi |first=Martin |date=2025-07-14 |title=MOKWENA APPOINTED AS NEW MC ALGER HEAD COACH - VOW88.1 |url=https://vowfm.co.za/2025/07/14/mokwena-appointed-as-new-mc-alger-head-coach/,%20https://vowfm.co.za/2025/07/14/mokwena-appointed-as-new-mc-alger-head-coach/ |access-date=2025-07-15 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya lashe kofinsa na farko tare da ƙungiyar a gasar cin kofin Super Cup ta ƙasar Algeria ta 2025. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-01-18 |title=Former Mamelodi Sundowns coach Pitso Mosimane hails Rhulani Mokwena following MC Alger Super Cup win, 'he will be better than me' {{!}} Goal.com South Africa |url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/lists/former-mamelodi-sundowns-coach-pitso-mosimane-hails-rhulani-mokwena-following-mc-alger-super-cup-win-he-will-be-better-than-me/blt5d81a220b3033743 |access-date=2026-01-24 |website=www.goal.com |language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 14 ga Maris, 2026, ya bar ƙungiyar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 March 2026 |title=MC Alger : Rhulani Mokwena s’en va |url=https://mediafootdz.dz/mc-alger-rhulani-mokwena-sen-va/ |access-date=14 March 2026 |website=mediafootdz.dz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Al-Ittihad ===
Mokwena ya koma kulob din Al Ittihad na Libya a cikin Maris 2026. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dube |first=Mthokozisi |date=March 17, 2026 |title=Badela, Robinson headline Rulani Mokwena’s Al Ittihad technical team |url=https://farpost.co.za/2026/03/17/badela-robinson-headline-rulanis-al-ittihad-technical-team/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=FARPost ZA |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƙididdigar gudanarwa ==
{{Updated|25 May 2026}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.sofascore.com/manager/rulani-mokwena/792999|publisher=Sofascore|title=Rhulani Mokwena|accessdate=19 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;	
|+Managerial record by team and tenure
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Team
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nat.
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |From
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |To
! colspan=&quot;8&quot; |Record
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref|Reference}}
|-
!{{Tooltip|G|Games managed}}
!{{Tooltip|W|Games won}}
!{{Tooltip|D|Games drawn}}
!{{Tooltip|L|Games lost}}
!{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}}
!{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}}
!{{Tooltip|GD|Goal difference}}
!{{Tooltip|Win %|Winning percentage}}
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Orlando Pirates FC|Orlando Pirates]] (interim)
|{{Flagicon|South Africa}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |17 August 2019
| align=&quot;left&quot; |10 December 2019
{{WDL|14|4|5|5|for=21|against=23|diff=yes}}
|
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Chippa United FC|Chippa United]] (interim)
|{{Flagicon|South Africa}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |4 March 2020
| align=&quot;left&quot; |30 June 2020
{{WDL|2|1|1|0|for=2|against=1|diff=yes}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-03-04 |title=JUST IN {{!}} Rulani Mokwena named as new Chippa United coach |url=https://www.theherald.co.za/sport/2020-03-04-just-in-rulani-mokwena-named-as-new-chippa-united-coach/ |access-date=2026-01-24 |website=The Herald |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |Mamelodi Sundowns
|{{Flagicon|South Africa}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |4 October 2020
| align=&quot;left&quot; |4 July 2024
{{WDL|195|122|55|18|for=341|against=113|diff=yes}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Wydad AC]]
|{{Flagicon|Morocco}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |10 July 2024
| align=&quot;left&quot; |29 April 2025
{{WDL|38|16|14|8|for=55|against=32|diff=yes}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mokwena leaves Wydad Casablanca, misses out on Club World Cup |url=https://supersport.com/football/general/news/94989a0c-cdba-4bd8-896e-b8b39636a1af/mokwena-leaves-wydad-casablanca-misses-out-on-club-world-cup |access-date=2026-01-24 |website=SuperSport |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[MC Alger]]
|{{Flagicon|Algeria}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |21 July 2025
| align=&quot;left&quot; |14 March 2026
{{WDL|34|20|8|6|for=41|against=19|diff=yes}}
|
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; |Al-Ittihad
|{{Flagicon|Libya}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |17 March 2026
| align=&quot;left&quot; |present
{{WDL|9|5|3|1|for=14|against=6|diff=yes}}
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |'''Career total'''
{{WDLtot|292|168|86|38|for=474|against=193|diff=yes}}
!—
|}

== Daraja ==
'''Mamelodi Sundowns'''

* Gasar Firimiya ta Afirka ta Kudu : 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24
* [[Gasar Super League ta Afrika|Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Afirka]] : 2023

'''MC Alger'''

* Gasar Super Cup ta Aljeriya : 2025

'''Mutum ɗaya'''

* Kocin COSAFA na Shekara : 2023 &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;
* Kocin Gasar Firimiya ta Afirka ta Kudu mafi Kyau : 2022/23, 2023/24 &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;, 2024/25
* Kocin Gasar Firimiya ta Afirka ta Kudu na Watan : Fabrairu 2023, Maris 2023 &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;, Agusta 2023 &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;, Afrilu 2024 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Modiba |first=Katlego |date=2024-05-08 |title=Mokwena wins PSL coach of month for April |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/sport/soccer/local-soccer/mokwena-wins-psl-coach-of-month-for-april/ |access-date=2026-01-24 |website=The Citizen |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]]

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Simon Mai Girma</title>
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'''Simon Grand''' (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 1984) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] ga Bamber Bridge .

Ya taka rawar gani a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Rochdale, Carlisle United, Grimsby Town, Morecambe da Aldershot Town, sannan kuma ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da ƙasa a Northwich Victoria, Fleetwood Town, Southport, Mansfield Town, AFC Telford United, Barrow, Salford City, AFC Fylde da Chester .

== Sana'a ==

=== Rochdale ===
An haife shi a Chorley, Grand ya fara aikinsa a Rochdale a matsayin mai horarwa a watan Agusta na 2001 kuma ya lashe kyautar matashin ɗan wasa na shekara ta ƙungiyar a watan Mayu na 2002. &lt;ref name=&quot;sbase&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Simon Grand |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=28648 |access-date=8 November 2007 |website=Soccerbase |publisher=Racing Post}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;RAFC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 May 2002 |title=End of Season Bash |url=http://www.rochdaleafc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10441~217468,00.html |access-date=8 November 2007 |publisher=Rochdale AFC Official Site }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fara buga wasa a zagaye na biyu na gasar cin kofin FA da Bristol Rovers a watan Disamba na 2002 kuma ya kafa kansa a cikin ƙungiyar farko, inda ya buga wasanni 28 a dukkan gasa a sauran kakar wasa ta 2002-03 kuma ya taimaka wa Rochdale zuwa zagaye na 5 na gasar cin kofin FA a watan Fabrairu na 2003 inda Wolves ta doke su. &lt;ref name=&quot;sbase&quot; /&gt;  Ya fara kakar wasa ta 2003-04 a ƙungiyar farko kuma ya kasance mai horarwa har zuwa Janairu na 2004 lokacin da, bayan ya buga wasanni 21 a duk gasa, aka kore shi daga ƙungiyar bayan isowar sabon koci Steve Parkin . &lt;ref name=&quot;sbase&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Manager History for Rochdale |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/manager_history.sd?teamid=2175 |access-date=8 November 2007 |website=Soccerbase |publisher=Racing Post |archive-date=18 August 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060818231425/http://www.soccerbase.com/manager_history.sd?teamid=2175 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bai sake buga wasa a Rochdale ba kuma kulob din ya sallame shi a watan Mayun 2004. &lt;ref name=&quot;sbase&quot; /&gt; 

=== Carlisle United ===
Grand ya koma ƙungiyar Conference National, Carlisle United, a watan Agusta na 2004, bayan gwajin da ya yi nasara. &lt;ref name=&quot;sbase&quot;/&gt;  Ya zura kwallaye a wasansa na farko da Tamworth a watan Satumba na 2004 kuma ya buga wasanni 29 a dukkan gasa a kakar wasa ta 2004-05 yayin da Carlisle ya lashe gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwallon ƙafa . &lt;ref name=&quot;sbase&quot; /&gt;   Jim kaɗan kafin ƙarshen kakar wasa, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu wanda zai sa ya ci gaba da zama a ƙungiyar har zuwa 2007.  A watan Disamba na 2005, ya ci bugun fenariti mai nasara a wasan yayin da Carlisle ta doke Tranmere Rovers da ci 11-10 a bugun fenariti a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwallon ƙafa ta Football League Cup .  Duk da haka, ya ga ya yi masa wahala ya wuce Kevin Gray, Danny Livesey da Peter Murphy a matsayin ɗan baya na tsakiya kuma ya buga wasanni 14 kacal a kakar wasa ta 2005-06 yayin da Carlisle ya sami ci gaba a karo na biyu a jere a matsayin zakaran League Two. &lt;ref name=&quot;sbase&quot; /&gt;  A ƙarshen kakar wasa, Carlisle ya yarda ya saurari tayin Grand, kuma bayan ya sake buga wasanni shida a Carlisle a kakar wasa ta 2006-07, ya koma Grimsby Town . &lt;ref name=&quot;sbase&quot; /&gt; 

=== Garin Grimsby ===
Grand ya koma Grimsby Town a watan Janairun 2007, da farko a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2006-07, amma ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin ta watanni 18 makonni biyu bayan haka.   Duk da haka, bayan ya buga wasanni bakwai kacal ga Grimsby, an sake shi a watan Mayun 2007. 

=== Morecambe ===
Grand ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Morecambe a watan Agusta na 2007 kan yarjejeniyar watanni 12, bayan ya yi nasarar gwada shi da ƙungiyar Christie Park . 

=== Ba na League ba ===
Bayan ya bar Morecambe a ƙarshen kakar wasa, Grand ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da ba ta da kwangila a Northwich Victoria a watan Agusta na 2008.  Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar dindindin har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2008-09 a watan Oktoba. &lt;ref name=&quot;Defensive duo pen deals&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Simpson, Andrew |date=8 October 2008 |title=Defensive duo pen deals |url=http://www.northwichguardian.co.uk/vics/3737166.Defensive_duo_pen_deals/ |access-date=27 June 2011 |website=Northwich Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Grand ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Fleetwood Town kafin fara kakar wasa ta 2010-11, kuma a watan Oktoban 2010, ya koma Mansfield Town a matsayin aro, inda ya buga wasanni 9 a gasar Conference League da kuma gasar FA Cup. A watan Janairun 2011, ya koma Aldershot Town a matsayin aro. 

Kafin fara kakar wasa ta 2011-12, Grand ya koma gabar tekun yammacin Ingila don komawa Southport a kan yarjejeniyar canja wuri kyauta  kuma ya fara buga wasa a kulob dinsa na gasa a ranar 13 ga Agusta 2011 a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta 2011-12.  Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Southport, inda ya zura kwallo ta biyu a raga a wasan da suka doke [[Forest Green Rovers FC|Forest Green]] da ci 3-2 a waje. Grand ya zura kwallaye uku a raga ga Southport a kakar wasa ta 2011-12, sannan ya jagoranci kungiyar a wasu lokutan ba tare da kyaftin din kungiyar ba, Alan Moogan. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2012, an nada Grand a matsayin sabon kyaftin din kungiyar Southport, bayan da Moogan ya koma zama dan wasa/koci.

Bayan an sallame shi daga Southport, an sanar da shi a shafin kungiyar cewa ya koma Telford a ranar 10 ga Mayu 2013, inda ya sake komawa Liam Watson . A ranar 26 ga Afrilu 2014 ya sami lambar yabo ta gasar Conference Premier tare da Telford bayan sun lashe gasar Conference North a wasan karshe na kakar wasa.

A ranar 20 ga Mayu 2014, Grand ya koma Barrow, kuma an nada shi a matsayin kyaftin na ƙungiyar a watan Agusta 2014 don kakar wasa mai zuwa ta 2014-15.

A watan Yulin 2016 ya koma Salford City . 

Daga baya ya shiga AFC Fylde . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 July 2017 |title=Coasters Make Grand Signing |url=http://nonleague.pitchero.com/headlines/coasters-make-grand-signing/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chester ===
A watan Yulin 2018, Grand mai shekaru 34 ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar Chester tare da tsoffin manajojinsa na Salford City Anthony Johnson da Bernard Morley &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 July 2018 |title=Chester FC make Grand swoop for Simon |url=http://www.chesterfc.com/2018/07/20/breaking-chester-fc-make-grand-swoop-for-simon/ |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-date=2 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502160919/https://www.chesterfc.com/2018/07/20/breaking-chester-fc-make-grand-swoop-for-simon/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya tsawaita kwangilarsa na tsawon shekara guda a watan Mayun 2019.  Ya dawo da kyakkyawar alaƙa da ƙwararren ɗan wasan tsakiya Danny Livesey, wanda aka kafa a baya a Carlisle United a 2004-06, sannan aka sake gina shi a Barrow a 2014-16.

Grand ya buga kowace minti a kowane wasa na yau da kullun a shekararsa ta biyu a Chester amma bai yi watsi da ritayarsa ba saboda kakar wasa ta ƙare saboda annobar korona kuma makomarsa ba ta da tabbas.  Bayan da Chester ya sha kashi a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar, ya amince da sabuwar kwangila kafin kakar wasa ta 2020-21. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 August 2020 |title=Key players sign new deals at Chester FC |url=https://www.chesterfc.com/2020/08/18/breaking-key-players-sign-new-deals-at-chester-fc/ |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426160632/https://www.chesterfc.com/2020/08/18/breaking-key-players-sign-new-deals-at-chester-fc/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Grand ya buga wasa na 100 ga Chester a ranar 2 ga Janairu 2021 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 January 2021 |title=Simon Grand: 100 games for Chester FC |url=https://www.chesterfc.com/2021/01/02/milestone-simon-grand-100-games-for-chester-fc/ |access-date=4 May 2023 |archive-date=4 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504090722/https://www.chesterfc.com/2021/01/02/milestone-simon-grand-100-games-for-chester-fc/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya amince da sharuɗɗan ci gaba da zama a kakar wasa ta 2021/22. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 May 2021 |title=Simon Grand remains with Chester FC for 2021/22 |url=https://www.chesterfc.com/2021/05/14/breaking-simon-grand-remains-with-chester-fc-for-2021-22/ |access-date=4 May 2023 |archive-date=4 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504090724/https://www.chesterfc.com/2021/05/14/breaking-simon-grand-remains-with-chester-fc-for-2021-22/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake shi a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2021-22. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 May 2022 |title=Chester FC Retained List 2021/22 |url=https://www.chesterfc.com/2022/05/20/news-chester-fc-retained-list-2021-22/ |access-date=4 May 2023 |archive-date=2 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502061037/https://www.chesterfc.com/2022/05/20/news-chester-fc-retained-list-2021-22/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ƙarin aiki ===
A watan Yulin 2022, Grand ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar North West County Premier Division Charnock Richard, kuma ya zura ƙwallo a ragar Padiham a wasansa na farko.

A watan Janairun 2024, Grand ya shiga Bamber Bridge . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|title=📝Welcom, Simon Grand! We are delighted to announce the signing of Simon Grand from @LancasterCityFC #UptheBrig|user=BamberBridgeFC|date=25 January 2024|accessdate=26 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƙididdigar aiki ==
{{Updated|match played 16 April 2024}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Grand's total appearance&quot;&gt;{{soccerway|simon-grand/63533|accessdate=25 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Club
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Season
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |League
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |FA Cup
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |League Cup
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Other
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Rochdale
|2002–03
|Third Division
|23
|2
|5
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|28
|2
|-
|2003–04
|Third Division
|17
|0
|2
|0
|1
|0
|1&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; name=&quot;FLT&quot; /&gt;
|0
|21
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!40
!2
!7
!0
!1
!0
!1
!0
!49
!2
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Carlisle United
|2004–05
|Conference Premier
|23
|2
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2
|1
|29
|3
|-
|2005–06
|League Two
|8
|2
|1
|0
|1
|0
|4
|1
|14
|3
|-
|2006–07
|League One
|4
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|1&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; name=&quot;FLT&quot; /&gt;
|0
|6
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!35
!4
!5
!0
!2
!0
!7
!2
!49
!6
|-
|Grimsby Town
|2006–07&lt;ref name=&quot;SG06&quot; /&gt;
|League Two
|7
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|7
|0
|-
|Morecambe
|2007–08
|League Two
|6
|1
|1
|0
|1
|0
|4&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; name=&quot;FLT&quot; /&gt;
|0
|12
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Northwich Victoria
|2008–09
|Conference Premier
|34
|5
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|34
|5
|-
|2009–10
|Conference North
|29
|4
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|30
|4
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!63
!9
!1
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!0
!0
!64
!9
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Fleetwood Town
|2009–10
|Conference North
|6
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|6
|1
|-
|2010–11
|Conference Premier
|4
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|4
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!10
!1
!0
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!0
!0
!10
!1
|-
|Mansfield Town (loan)
|2010–11
|Conference Premier
|6
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1
|0
|9
|0
|-
|Aldershot Town (loan)
|2010–11
|League Two
|6
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|0
|0
|6
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Southport
|2011–12
|Conference Premier
|42
|4
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; name=&quot;FAT&quot; /&gt;
|0
|44
|4
|-
|2012–13
|Conference Premier
|41
|7
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; name=&quot;FAT&quot; /&gt;
|0
|44
|7
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!83
!11
!2
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!3
!0
!88
!11
|-
|Telford United
|2013–14
|Conference North
|35
|4
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; name=&quot;FAT&quot; /&gt;
|0
|37
|4
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Barrow
|2014–15
|Conference North
|40
|4
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|40
|4
|-
|2015–16
|National League
|40
|2
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; name=&quot;FAT&quot; /&gt;
|0
|42
|2
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!80
!6
!0
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!2
!0
!82
!6
|-
|Salford City
|2016–17
|National League North
|40
|9
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2
|0
|42
|9
|-
|AFC Fylde
|2017–18
|National League
|35
|4
|4
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2
|0
|41
|5
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Chester
|2018–19&lt;ref name=&quot;IronM&quot;&gt;{{Soccerway|simon-grand/63533|Games played by Simon Grand in 2018/2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|National League North
|36
|4
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|3
|0
|41
|4
|-
|2019–20&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=England – S. Grand – Profile with news, career statistics and history – Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/simon-grand/63533/ |access-date=2022-02-19 |website=int.soccerway.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|National League North
|32
|3
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|5
|0
|39
|3
|-
|2020–21&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|National League North
|17
|1
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2&lt;ref name=&quot;FAT&quot; group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; /&gt;
|0
|22
|1
|-
|2021–22&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|National League North
|36
|1
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|38
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |total
!121
!9
!9
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!10
!0
!140
!9
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Charnock Richard
|2022–23&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Simon Grand Match List (First Team) – Charnock Richard Football Club |url=https://www.charnockrichardfc.co.uk/matchesplayed/1077/simon-grand |access-date=2022-12-29 |website=charnockrichardfc.co.71 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|NWCFL Premier Division
|41
|10
|5
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|7
|1
|53
|11
|-
|2023–24&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Simon Grand Match List (First Team) - Charnock Richard Football Club |url=https://www.charnockrichardfc.co.uk/matchesplayed/1077/simon-grand?fplyShowAll=true&amp;fdfaShowAll=true&amp;frt=rescomp&amp;fsea=17&amp;fdfa=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|NWCFL Premier Division
|2
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!43
!10
!5
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!7
!1
!55
!12
|-
|Lancaster City
|2023–24&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lancaster City &amp;#124; Appearances &amp;#124; Simon Grand &amp;#124; Football Web Pages |url=https://www.footballwebpages.co.uk/lancaster-city/appearances/simon-grand/953747}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Northern Premier League|NPL Premier Division]]
|24
|3
|3
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2
|0
|29
|6
|-
|Bamber Bridge
|2023–24&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bamber Bridge &amp;#124; Appearances &amp;#124; Simon Grand &amp;#124; Football Web Pages |url=https://www.footballwebpages.co.uk/bamber-bridge/appearances/simon-grand/962422}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|NPL Premier Division
|11
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|11
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Career total
!645
!73
!39
!5
!4
!0
!43
!3
!731
!81
|}
 

== Ƙididdigar gudanarwa ==
{{Updated|match played 9 April 2024}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|+Tarihin gudanarwa ta ƙungiya da kuma lokacin aiki
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Ƙungiyar
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Daga
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Zuwa
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; | Rikodi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Abbr|Ref|Reference}}
|-
! {{Abbr|P|Matches played}}
! {{Abbr|W|Matches won}}
! {{Abbr|D|Matches drawn}}
! {{Abbr|L|Matches lost}}
! {{Abbr|Win %|Win percentage}}
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Lancaster City (mai kula da)
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 5 Janairu 2024
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 26 Janairu 2024{{WDL|3|1|0|2|decimals=1}}
| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lancaster City caretaker manager and captain leaves club |url=https://www.beyondradio.co.uk/news/local-sport/lancaster-city-caretaker-manager-and-captain-leaves-club/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Defender Simon Grand leaves Lancaster City to join Bamber Bridge |url=https://www.beyondradio.co.uk/news/local-sport/defender-simon-grand-leaves-lancaster-city-to-join-bamber-bridge/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lancaster City fixtures &amp; results |url=https://www.pitchero.com/clubs/lancastercity/teams/25604/fixtures-results}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Jimilla
{{WDLtot|3|1|0|2|decimals=1}}
!
|}

== Daraja ==
'''Carlisle United'''

* Wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwallon ƙafa : 2005–06 

'''Mutum ɗaya'''

* Tawagar Arewa ta Shekara: 2014–15 

== Nassoshi ==

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* Simon Grand at Soccerbase 
{{2013–14 Conference North Team of the Year}}
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Simon Grand</title>
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'''Simon Grand''' (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 1984) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] ga Bamber Bridge .

Ya taka rawar gani a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Rochdale, Carlisle United, Grimsby Town, Morecambe da Aldershot Town, sannan kuma ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da ƙasa a Northwich Victoria, Fleetwood Town, Southport, Mansfield Town, AFC Telford United, Barrow, Salford City, AFC Fylde da Chester .

== Sana'a ==

=== Rochdale ===
An haife shi a Chorley, Grand ya fara aikinsa a Rochdale a matsayin mai horarwa a watan Agusta na 2001 kuma ya lashe kyautar matashin ɗan wasa na shekara ta ƙungiyar a watan Mayu na 2002. &lt;ref name=&quot;sbase&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Simon Grand |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=28648 |access-date=8 November 2007 |website=Soccerbase |publisher=Racing Post}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;RAFC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 May 2002 |title=End of Season Bash |url=http://www.rochdaleafc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10441~217468,00.html |access-date=8 November 2007 |publisher=Rochdale AFC Official Site }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fara buga wasa a zagaye na biyu na gasar cin kofin FA da Bristol Rovers a watan Disamba na 2002 kuma ya kafa kansa a cikin ƙungiyar farko, inda ya buga wasanni 28 a dukkan gasa a sauran kakar wasa ta 2002-03 kuma ya taimaka wa Rochdale zuwa zagaye na 5 na gasar cin kofin FA a watan Fabrairu na 2003 inda Wolves ta doke su. &lt;ref name=&quot;sbase&quot; /&gt;  Ya fara kakar wasa ta 2003-04 a ƙungiyar farko kuma ya kasance mai horarwa har zuwa Janairu na 2004 lokacin da, bayan ya buga wasanni 21 a duk gasa, aka kore shi daga ƙungiyar bayan isowar sabon koci Steve Parkin . &lt;ref name=&quot;sbase&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Manager History for Rochdale |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/manager_history.sd?teamid=2175 |access-date=8 November 2007 |website=Soccerbase |publisher=Racing Post |archive-date=18 August 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060818231425/http://www.soccerbase.com/manager_history.sd?teamid=2175 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bai sake buga wasa a Rochdale ba kuma kulob din ya sallame shi a watan Mayun 2004. &lt;ref name=&quot;sbase&quot; /&gt; 

=== Carlisle United ===
Grand ya koma ƙungiyar Conference National, Carlisle United, a watan Agusta na 2004, bayan gwajin da ya yi nasara. &lt;ref name=&quot;sbase&quot;/&gt;  Ya zura kwallaye a wasansa na farko da Tamworth a watan Satumba na 2004 kuma ya buga wasanni 29 a dukkan gasa a kakar wasa ta 2004-05 yayin da Carlisle ya lashe gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwallon ƙafa . &lt;ref name=&quot;sbase&quot; /&gt;   Jim kaɗan kafin ƙarshen kakar wasa, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu wanda zai sa ya ci gaba da zama a ƙungiyar har zuwa 2007.  A watan Disamba na 2005, ya ci bugun fenariti mai nasara a wasan yayin da Carlisle ta doke Tranmere Rovers da ci 11-10 a bugun fenariti a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwallon ƙafa ta Football League Cup .  Duk da haka, ya ga ya yi masa wahala ya wuce Kevin Gray, Danny Livesey da Peter Murphy a matsayin ɗan baya na tsakiya kuma ya buga wasanni 14 kacal a kakar wasa ta 2005-06 yayin da Carlisle ya sami ci gaba a karo na biyu a jere a matsayin zakaran League Two. &lt;ref name=&quot;sbase&quot; /&gt;  A ƙarshen kakar wasa, Carlisle ya yarda ya saurari tayin Grand, kuma bayan ya sake buga wasanni shida a Carlisle a kakar wasa ta 2006-07, ya koma Grimsby Town . &lt;ref name=&quot;sbase&quot; /&gt; 

=== Garin Grimsby ===
Grand ya koma Grimsby Town a watan Janairun 2007, da farko a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2006-07, amma ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin ta watanni 18 makonni biyu bayan haka.   Duk da haka, bayan ya buga wasanni bakwai kacal ga Grimsby, an sake shi a watan Mayun 2007. 

=== Morecambe ===
Grand ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Morecambe a watan Agusta na 2007 kan yarjejeniyar watanni 12, bayan ya yi nasarar gwada shi da ƙungiyar Christie Park . 

=== Ba na League ba ===
Bayan ya bar Morecambe a ƙarshen kakar wasa, Grand ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da ba ta da kwangila a Northwich Victoria a watan Agusta na 2008.  Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar dindindin har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2008-09 a watan Oktoba. &lt;ref name=&quot;Defensive duo pen deals&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Simpson, Andrew |date=8 October 2008 |title=Defensive duo pen deals |url=http://www.northwichguardian.co.uk/vics/3737166.Defensive_duo_pen_deals/ |access-date=27 June 2011 |website=Northwich Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Grand ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Fleetwood Town kafin fara kakar wasa ta 2010-11, kuma a watan Oktoban 2010, ya koma Mansfield Town a matsayin aro, inda ya buga wasanni 9 a gasar Conference League da kuma gasar FA Cup. A watan Janairun 2011, ya koma Aldershot Town a matsayin aro. 

Kafin fara kakar wasa ta 2011-12, Grand ya koma gabar tekun yammacin Ingila don komawa Southport a kan yarjejeniyar canja wuri kyauta  kuma ya fara buga wasa a kulob dinsa na gasa a ranar 13 ga Agusta 2011 a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta 2011-12.  Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Southport, inda ya zura kwallo ta biyu a raga a wasan da suka doke [[Forest Green Rovers FC|Forest Green]] da ci 3-2 a waje. Grand ya zura kwallaye uku a raga ga Southport a kakar wasa ta 2011-12, sannan ya jagoranci kungiyar a wasu lokutan ba tare da kyaftin din kungiyar ba, Alan Moogan. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2012, an nada Grand a matsayin sabon kyaftin din kungiyar Southport, bayan da Moogan ya koma zama dan wasa/koci.

Bayan an sallame shi daga Southport, an sanar da shi a shafin kungiyar cewa ya koma Telford a ranar 10 ga Mayu 2013, inda ya sake komawa Liam Watson . A ranar 26 ga Afrilu 2014 ya sami lambar yabo ta gasar Conference Premier tare da Telford bayan sun lashe gasar Conference North a wasan karshe na kakar wasa.

A ranar 20 ga Mayu 2014, Grand ya koma Barrow, kuma an nada shi a matsayin kyaftin na ƙungiyar a watan Agusta 2014 don kakar wasa mai zuwa ta 2014-15.

A watan Yulin 2016 ya koma Salford City . 

Daga baya ya shiga AFC Fylde . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 July 2017 |title=Coasters Make Grand Signing |url=http://nonleague.pitchero.com/headlines/coasters-make-grand-signing/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chester ===
A watan Yulin 2018, Grand mai shekaru 34 ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar Chester tare da tsoffin manajojinsa na Salford City Anthony Johnson da Bernard Morley &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 July 2018 |title=Chester FC make Grand swoop for Simon |url=http://www.chesterfc.com/2018/07/20/breaking-chester-fc-make-grand-swoop-for-simon/ |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-date=2 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502160919/https://www.chesterfc.com/2018/07/20/breaking-chester-fc-make-grand-swoop-for-simon/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya tsawaita kwangilarsa na tsawon shekara guda a watan Mayun 2019.  Ya dawo da kyakkyawar alaƙa da ƙwararren ɗan wasan tsakiya Danny Livesey, wanda aka kafa a baya a Carlisle United a 2004-06, sannan aka sake gina shi a Barrow a 2014-16.

Grand ya buga kowace minti a kowane wasa na yau da kullun a shekararsa ta biyu a Chester amma bai yi watsi da ritayarsa ba saboda kakar wasa ta ƙare saboda annobar korona kuma makomarsa ba ta da tabbas.  Bayan da Chester ya sha kashi a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar, ya amince da sabuwar kwangila kafin kakar wasa ta 2020-21. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 August 2020 |title=Key players sign new deals at Chester FC |url=https://www.chesterfc.com/2020/08/18/breaking-key-players-sign-new-deals-at-chester-fc/ |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426160632/https://www.chesterfc.com/2020/08/18/breaking-key-players-sign-new-deals-at-chester-fc/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Grand ya buga wasa na 100 ga Chester a ranar 2 ga Janairu 2021 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 January 2021 |title=Simon Grand: 100 games for Chester FC |url=https://www.chesterfc.com/2021/01/02/milestone-simon-grand-100-games-for-chester-fc/ |access-date=4 May 2023 |archive-date=4 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504090722/https://www.chesterfc.com/2021/01/02/milestone-simon-grand-100-games-for-chester-fc/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya amince da sharuɗɗan ci gaba da zama a kakar wasa ta 2021/22. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 May 2021 |title=Simon Grand remains with Chester FC for 2021/22 |url=https://www.chesterfc.com/2021/05/14/breaking-simon-grand-remains-with-chester-fc-for-2021-22/ |access-date=4 May 2023 |archive-date=4 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504090724/https://www.chesterfc.com/2021/05/14/breaking-simon-grand-remains-with-chester-fc-for-2021-22/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake shi a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2021-22. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 May 2022 |title=Chester FC Retained List 2021/22 |url=https://www.chesterfc.com/2022/05/20/news-chester-fc-retained-list-2021-22/ |access-date=4 May 2023 |archive-date=2 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502061037/https://www.chesterfc.com/2022/05/20/news-chester-fc-retained-list-2021-22/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ƙarin aiki ===
A watan Yulin 2022, Grand ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar North West County Premier Division Charnock Richard, kuma ya zura ƙwallo a ragar Padiham a wasansa na farko.

A watan Janairun 2024, Grand ya shiga Bamber Bridge . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|title=📝Welcom, Simon Grand! We are delighted to announce the signing of Simon Grand from @LancasterCityFC #UptheBrig|user=BamberBridgeFC|date=25 January 2024|accessdate=26 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƙididdigar aiki ==
{{Updated|match played 16 April 2024}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Grand's total appearance&quot;&gt;{{soccerway|simon-grand/63533|accessdate=25 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Club
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Season
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |League
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |FA Cup
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |League Cup
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Other
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Rochdale
|2002–03
|Third Division
|23
|2
|5
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|28
|2
|-
|2003–04
|Third Division
|17
|0
|2
|0
|1
|0
|1&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; name=&quot;FLT&quot; /&gt;
|0
|21
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!40
!2
!7
!0
!1
!0
!1
!0
!49
!2
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Carlisle United
|2004–05
|Conference Premier
|23
|2
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2
|1
|29
|3
|-
|2005–06
|League Two
|8
|2
|1
|0
|1
|0
|4
|1
|14
|3
|-
|2006–07
|League One
|4
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|1&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; name=&quot;FLT&quot; /&gt;
|0
|6
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!35
!4
!5
!0
!2
!0
!7
!2
!49
!6
|-
|Grimsby Town
|2006–07&lt;ref name=&quot;SG06&quot; /&gt;
|League Two
|7
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|7
|0
|-
|Morecambe
|2007–08
|League Two
|6
|1
|1
|0
|1
|0
|4&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; name=&quot;FLT&quot; /&gt;
|0
|12
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Northwich Victoria
|2008–09
|Conference Premier
|34
|5
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|34
|5
|-
|2009–10
|Conference North
|29
|4
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|30
|4
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!63
!9
!1
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!0
!0
!64
!9
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Fleetwood Town
|2009–10
|Conference North
|6
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|6
|1
|-
|2010–11
|Conference Premier
|4
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|4
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!10
!1
!0
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!0
!0
!10
!1
|-
|Mansfield Town (loan)
|2010–11
|Conference Premier
|6
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1
|0
|9
|0
|-
|Aldershot Town (loan)
|2010–11
|League Two
|6
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|0
|0
|6
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Southport
|2011–12
|Conference Premier
|42
|4
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; name=&quot;FAT&quot; /&gt;
|0
|44
|4
|-
|2012–13
|Conference Premier
|41
|7
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; name=&quot;FAT&quot; /&gt;
|0
|44
|7
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!83
!11
!2
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!3
!0
!88
!11
|-
|Telford United
|2013–14
|Conference North
|35
|4
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; name=&quot;FAT&quot; /&gt;
|0
|37
|4
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Barrow
|2014–15
|Conference North
|40
|4
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|40
|4
|-
|2015–16
|National League
|40
|2
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; name=&quot;FAT&quot; /&gt;
|0
|42
|2
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!80
!6
!0
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!2
!0
!82
!6
|-
|Salford City
|2016–17
|National League North
|40
|9
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2
|0
|42
|9
|-
|AFC Fylde
|2017–18
|National League
|35
|4
|4
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2
|0
|41
|5
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Chester
|2018–19&lt;ref name=&quot;IronM&quot;&gt;{{Soccerway|simon-grand/63533|Games played by Simon Grand in 2018/2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|National League North
|36
|4
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|3
|0
|41
|4
|-
|2019–20&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=England – S. Grand – Profile with news, career statistics and history – Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/simon-grand/63533/ |access-date=2022-02-19 |website=int.soccerway.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|National League North
|32
|3
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|5
|0
|39
|3
|-
|2020–21&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|National League North
|17
|1
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2&lt;ref name=&quot;FAT&quot; group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; /&gt;
|0
|22
|1
|-
|2021–22&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|National League North
|36
|1
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|38
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |total
!121
!9
!9
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!10
!0
!140
!9
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Charnock Richard
|2022–23&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Simon Grand Match List (First Team) – Charnock Richard Football Club |url=https://www.charnockrichardfc.co.uk/matchesplayed/1077/simon-grand |access-date=2022-12-29 |website=charnockrichardfc.co.71 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|NWCFL Premier Division
|41
|10
|5
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|7
|1
|53
|11
|-
|2023–24&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Simon Grand Match List (First Team) - Charnock Richard Football Club |url=https://www.charnockrichardfc.co.uk/matchesplayed/1077/simon-grand?fplyShowAll=true&amp;fdfaShowAll=true&amp;frt=rescomp&amp;fsea=17&amp;fdfa=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|NWCFL Premier Division
|2
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!43
!10
!5
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!7
!1
!55
!12
|-
|Lancaster City
|2023–24&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lancaster City &amp;#124; Appearances &amp;#124; Simon Grand &amp;#124; Football Web Pages |url=https://www.footballwebpages.co.uk/lancaster-city/appearances/simon-grand/953747}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Northern Premier League|NPL Premier Division]]
|24
|3
|3
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2
|0
|29
|6
|-
|Bamber Bridge
|2023–24&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bamber Bridge &amp;#124; Appearances &amp;#124; Simon Grand &amp;#124; Football Web Pages |url=https://www.footballwebpages.co.uk/bamber-bridge/appearances/simon-grand/962422}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|NPL Premier Division
|11
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|11
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Career total
!645
!73
!39
!5
!4
!0
!43
!3
!731
!81
|}
 

== Ƙididdigar gudanarwa ==
{{Updated|match played 9 April 2024}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|+Tarihin gudanarwa ta ƙungiya da kuma lokacin aiki
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Ƙungiyar
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Daga
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Zuwa
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; | Rikodi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Abbr|Ref|Reference}}
|-
! {{Abbr|P|Matches played}}
! {{Abbr|W|Matches won}}
! {{Abbr|D|Matches drawn}}
! {{Abbr|L|Matches lost}}
! {{Abbr|Win %|Win percentage}}
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Lancaster City (mai kula da)
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 5 Janairu 2024
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 26 Janairu 2024{{WDL|3|1|0|2|decimals=1}}
| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lancaster City caretaker manager and captain leaves club |url=https://www.beyondradio.co.uk/news/local-sport/lancaster-city-caretaker-manager-and-captain-leaves-club/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Defender Simon Grand leaves Lancaster City to join Bamber Bridge |url=https://www.beyondradio.co.uk/news/local-sport/defender-simon-grand-leaves-lancaster-city-to-join-bamber-bridge/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lancaster City fixtures &amp; results |url=https://www.pitchero.com/clubs/lancastercity/teams/25604/fixtures-results}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Jimilla
{{WDLtot|3|1|0|2|decimals=1}}
!
|}

== Daraja ==
'''Carlisle United'''

* Wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwallon ƙafa : 2005–06 

'''Mutum ɗaya'''

* Tawagar Arewa ta Shekara: 2014–15 

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* Simon Grand at Soccerbase 
{{2013–14 Conference North Team of the Year}}
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sarah Perry</title>
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 {{Blockquote|I wrote about the power of place in my PhD thesis, particularly the importance of buildings in the Gothic (a genre which I find myself inhabiting without ever having meant to). Fiction in the Gothic inheritance makes much of the potent importance of the interior, from the castle where Jonathan Harker finds himself holed up to Thornfield, and from the suburban homes in Hilary Mantel's ''Beyond Black'' to the ghastly crypts in ''The Monk''.}}{{Databox}}
'''Sarah Grace Perry''' FRSL (born 28 November 1979) is an English author. She has had four novels published: ''After Me Comes the Flood'' (2014), ''The Essex Serpent'' (2016), ''Melmoth'' (2018) and ''Enlightenment'' (2024). Her work has been translated into 22 languages.
She was appointed Chancellor of the University of Essex in July 2023,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Acclaimed author Dr Sarah Perry appointed as new Chancellor {{!}} University of Essex |url=https://www.essex.ac.uk/news/2023/07/17/acclaimed-author-dr-sarah-perry-appointed-as-new-chancellor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806022212/https://www.essex.ac.uk/news/2023/07/17/acclaimed-author-dr-sarah-perry-appointed-as-new-chancellor |archive-date=6 August 2023 |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=www.essex.ac.uk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; officially starting in this role on 1 August 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=University Chancellor {{!}} University of Essex |url=https://www.essex.ac.uk/governance-and-strategy/chancellor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204131626/https://www.essex.ac.uk/governance-and-strategy/chancellor |archive-date=4 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=www.essex.ac.uk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life and education ==
Perry was born, the youngest of five sisters, in Chelmsford, Essex, into a family of devout [[Kirista|Christians]] who were members of a Strict Baptist church. Growing up with almost no access to contemporary art, culture, and writing, she filled her time with classical music, classic novels and poetry, and church-related activities. She says this early immersion in old literature and the King James Bible profoundly influenced her writing style. She attended Chelmsford County High School for Girls. She married her husband Robert Perry at the age of 20. She graduated from Anglia Polytechnic University (now Anglia Ruskin University) with a degree in English Literature, then worked briefly in the Civil Service.

Perry has a PhD in creative writing from Royal Holloway University where her supervisor was Sir [[Andrew Motion]]. Her doctoral thesis was on the Gothic in the writing of Iris Murdoch, and Perry has subsequently published an article on the Gothic in ''Aeon'' magazine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Perry |first=Sarah |title=Gothic: the ancient roots of a dark thrill &amp;#124; Aeon Essays |url=https://aeon.co/essays/gothic-the-ancient-roots-of-a-dark-thrill |website=Aeon |access-date=2026-07-14 |archive-date=2024-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104174240/https://aeon.co/essays/gothic-the-ancient-roots-of-a-dark-thrill |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Perry |first=Sarah |date=2014 |title=The Genesis of 'After Me Comes the Flood' |url=http://shinynewbooks.co.uk/bookbuzz01/the-genesis-of-after-me-comes-the-flood-sarah-perry/ |website=Shiny New Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Blockquote|I wrote about the power of place in my PhD thesis, particularly the importance of buildings in the Gothic (a genre which I find myself inhabiting without ever having meant to). Fiction in the Gothic inheritance makes much of the potent importance of the interior, from the castle where Jonathan Harker finds himself holed up to Thornfield, and from the suburban homes in Hilary Mantel's ''Beyond Black'' to the ghastly crypts in ''The Monk''.}}

== Career ==
In 2013, she was a writer-in-residence at Gladstone's Library.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Writers in Residence 2013 |url=https://www.gladstoneslibrary.org/events/writers-in-residence/writers-in-residence-2013 |website=Gladstone's Library |access-date=2026-07-14 |archive-date=2016-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121171752/https://www.gladstoneslibrary.org/events/writers-in-residence/writers-in-residence-2013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

In June 2018, Perry was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in its &quot;40 Under 40&quot; initiative.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Flood |first=Alison |date=2018-06-28 |title=Royal Society of Literature admits 40 new fellows to address historical biases |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/28/royal-society-of-literature-40-under-40-fellows |access-date=2018-07-03 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In October 2019 she was awarded the title of Honorary Doctor of Letters by Anglia Ruskin University.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sarah Perry |url=http://www.aru.ac.uk/graduation-and-alumni/honorary-award-holders2/sarah-perry |access-date=7 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 2020, she wrote a short 96-page book about the existing stereotype about the hometown Essex, entitled ''Essex Girls''.

Her 2025 book ''Death of an Ordinary Man'' was longlisted for the 2026 Women's Prize for Non-Fiction.

== Novels ==

=== ''After Me Comes the Flood'' ===
Perry's debut novel, ''After Me Comes the Flood'', was released in 2014 by Serpent's Tail, receiving high praise from reviewers including those of ''The Daily Telegraph'' and ''[[The Guardian]]''. The novel tells the story of a man named John Cole who wanders into a strange world while seeking out his brother amidst a drought. John Burnside, writing for ''The Guardian'', called it &quot;extraordinary&quot; and &quot;a remarkable debut&quot;.

=== ''The Essex Serpent'' ===
Her second novel, ''The Essex Serpent'', was also published by Serpent's Tail, in 2016. Inspired by the myth of a sea serpent on the Essex coast, it tells the story of a Victorian widow, Cora Seaborne, and the friends who surround her after the death of her bullying husband. Cora is intrigued and compelled by the possibility of the serpent's return, but clashes with the local vicar, William Ransome, who is determined to lay superstition to rest in his rural parish.

The novel is again written in a gothic style, and explores themes of goodness, friendship, superstition, and love and once again received positive reviews; John Burnside, quoted on the book's cover, writes: &quot;Had Charles Dickens and Bram Stoker come together to write the great Victorian novel, I wonder if it would have surpassed ''The Essex Serpent''? No way of knowing, but with only her second outing, Sarah Perry establishes herself as one of the finest fiction writers working in Britain today.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Essex Serpent - Serpent's Tail Books |url=https://serpentstail.com/the-essex-serpent-6636.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806080359/https://serpentstail.com/the-essex-serpent-6636.html |archive-date=6 August 2016 |access-date=2016-07-23 |website=serpentstail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''The Essex Serpent'' was nominated in the Novel category for the 2016 Costa Book Awards and was named Waterstones Book of the Year 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Waterstones Book of the Year 2020 &amp;#124; Waterstones |url=https://www.waterstones.com/book-awards/waterstones-book-of-the-year}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was placed on the long list for the 2017 Baileys Women's Prize for Fiction. It was adapted for a limited series on Apple TV+ in 2022.

=== ''Melmoth'' ===
Her third novel is titled ''Melmoth'', and was inspired by Charles Maturin's gothic novel ''Melmoth the Wanderer''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Onwuemezi |first=Natasha |date=16 September 2017 |title=Sarah Perry reveals 'even more ambitious' next novel |url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/serpents-tail-signs-third-sarah-perry-title-638756}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was published by Serpent's Tail in October 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Melmoth - Serpent's Tail Books |url=https://serpentstail.com/melmoth.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016165031/https://serpentstail.com/melmoth.html |archive-date=2018-10-16 |website=serpentstail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Melmoth'' was shortlisted for the 2019 [[Kyautar Dylan Thomas|Dylan Thomas Prize]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-04-03 |title=2019 Dylan Thomas Prize shortlist announced |url=https://www.booksandpublishing.com.au/articles/2019/04/03/131044/2019-dylan-thomas-prize-shortlist-announced/ |access-date=2019-04-03 |website=Books+Publishing |language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ''Enlightenment'' ===
Perry's fourth novel, ''Enlightenment'', was published by Cape in May 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;z544&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Leavitt |first=David |date=2024-06-04 |title=Book Review: 'Enlightenment,' by Sarah Perry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/04/books/review/sarah-perry-enlightenment.html |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;h699&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-08-05 |title=Sarah Perry's 'Enlightenment' ponders faith, astronomy and friendship : NPR's Book of the Day |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/08/05/1196981344/nprs-book-of-the-day-sarah-perry-enlightenment |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=NPR}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The Times Literary Supplement'' called it an &quot;uplifting perspective on the relationship between faith and facts&quot; and &quot;a delicate piece of misdirection.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maitzen |first=Rohan |date=10 May 2024 |title=The comet in us all |url=https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/enlightenment-sarah-perry-book-review-rohan-maitzen/ |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=TLS}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was longlisted for the 2024 Booker Prize.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Takalma na kai na Tiger</title>
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[[Fayil:Child's_shoes,_China,_Shanghai,_Qing_dynasty,_1800s_AD_-_Östasiatiska_museet,_Stockholm_-_DSC09539.JPG|thumb|Takalmin kai na tiger, daular Qing, 1800s AD]]
'''Takalman kai na Tiger''' ( {{Lang-zh|}} ) misali ne na [[Chinese folk art|sana'ar gargajiya ta gargajiya ta ƙasar Sin]] da ake amfani da ita a matsayin takalma ga yara. Sunansu ya fito ne daga hular yatsu, wadda take kama da kan damisa. A Arewacin ƙasar Sin, mutane suna kiransu '''takalman kan kuliyoyi''' . A al'adun ƙasar Sin, ana ɗaukar damisa a matsayin abin farin ciki; mutane suna yin ado da kan da saman takalman da zane-zanen kan damisa ko na damisa, da fatan 'ya'yansu za su yi ƙarfi da kuzari kamar damisa. Haka kuma, ana tunanin hoton da ke nuna siffar kan damisa yana korar mugayen ruhohi don kare 'ya'yansu daga cututtuka da bala'o'i. Aiki ne mai rikitarwa don yin takalman kan damisa, akwai ayyukan dinki da yawa masu laushi kamar dinki, ko saƙa kawai a kan takalman. [[takalmi|Mace mai laushi]] (ɓangaren saman takalmin) galibi ana yin su da ja da rawaya, kuma mazauna wurin suna yin su da launin ja da rawaya, kuma mazauna wurin suna yin su da launuka masu haske.  yawanci suna amfani da layuka masu kauri don zana layin baki, gira, hanci da idanun damisar don bayyana ikonta ta hanyar da aka wuce gona da iri. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=邯郸县风俗文化 &amp;#124; 米胖 |url=http://travel.mipang.com/bible/51583 |access-date=2012-06-05 |publisher=Travel.mipang.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=虎头鞋官方网站-民间手工艺品（非物质文化遗产-虎头鞋） - Powered by ECShop |url=http://www.hutouxie.cn/ |access-date=2012-06-05 |publisher=Hutouxie.cn |archive-date=2012-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103041122/http://www.hutouxie.cn/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba a san asalin takalman kai ba, amma akwai tatsuniyoyi da yawa game da su. Takalma na kai-takarda suna da alama ta hanyar fitar da mugayen ruhohi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010-01-26 |title=虎头鞋的寓意和传说 浏览文章 大鹏新闻网 |url=http://www.dpcm.cn/html/zhuanti/linshi_gongyi/20100126/8c3f72d2d88aa103.htm |access-date=2012-06-05 |publisher=Dpcm.cn |archive-date=2014-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140928100717/http://www.dpcm.cn/html/zhuanti/linshi_gongyi/20100126/8c3f72d2d88aa103.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan suna daya daga cikin tatsuniyoyi:

Tun da daɗewa, akwai wata mace da ke da hannu masu basira da hankali. Tana da baiwa sosai a cikin zane-zane, don haka ɗanta koyaushe yana da kyau. Wata dare, wani dodon ya zo ƙauyen kuma ya kama dukkan yaran da ke wurin sai dai ɗanta. Tun daga wannan lokacin mutane sun fara fahimtar cewa takalman da yaron ya sa an yi musu ado da kan damisa a gaba wanda ya tsoratar da dodon, don haka ya bar yaron lafiya. Saboda haka, mutane sun fara yin koyi da wannan al'ada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=虎头鞋里的故事 |url=http://d.g.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_kxzy201010009.aspx |access-date=2012-06-05 |publisher=D.g.wanfangdata.com.cn}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Takalman kai na Tiger sun shahara a Arewacin China, musamman a lardunan Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shandong, Shanxi. Yankuna daban-daban sun samar da hanyoyi daban-daban na yin takalma na kai. A kudancin lardin Hebei, an fi sanannun nau'in kayan ado.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-04-20 |title=虎头鞋[邯郸市丛台教育网(丛台区文教体局)&amp;#93; |url=http://www.ctjyw.com.cn/shyyd/ArticleShow.asp?ArticleID=2880 |access-date=2012-07-01 |publisher=Ctjyw.com.cn |archive-date=2021-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022022255/http://www.ctjyw.com.cn/shyyd/ArticleShow.asp?ArticleID=2880 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009-10-20 |title=大学生用虎头鞋创业 年收50多万元(图文)-虎头鞋,鞋,布鞋-制鞋行业-hc360慧聪网 |url=http://info.shoes.hc360.com/2009/10/20105956078-2.shtml |access-date=2012-07-01 |publisher=Info.shoes.hc360.com |archive-date=2012-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719094012/http://info.shoes.hc360.com/2009/10/20105956078-2.shtml |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=申罡 |date=2012-03-07 |title=武香环：&quot;虎头鞋&quot;绣出致富路_中国人物 |url=http://news.china.com.cn/txt/2012-03/07/content_24832608.htm |access-date=2012-07-01 |publisher=News.china.com.cn |archive-date=2012-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507032148/http://news.china.com.cn/txt/2012-03/07/content_24832608.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=永年县&quot;虎头鞋&quot;俏销(图)-河北新闻-河北新闻网 |url=http://zhuanti.hebnews.cn/2012/2012-01/16/content_2491993.htm |access-date=2012-07-01 |publisher=Zhuanti.hebnews.cn |archive-date=2013-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224003855/http://zhuanti.hebnews.cn/2012/2012-01/16/content_2491993.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin al'adun kasar Sin, ana ganin damisa a matsayin mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi tare da taken &quot;sarkin dabbobi&quot;. Don haka, lokacin da aka ambaci shi, mutane za su ji ikon da tsoro. A sakamakon haka, maganganun da suka  damisa, kamar kukan damisa (Sinanci: 虎ː; : ), bayyanarsa mai ban tsoro (Sinansi: 虎威; ), da kuma kalmar &quot;mai ƙarfi kamar damisa&quot; (Sinancin: 虎有气) sun kasance, tare da bautar halitta.

Lokacin da yaro yake girma, zai fuskanci jerin hatsarori ko ma bala'o'i da yanayi ko al'umma suka haifar. Wadannan hatsarori da bala'o'i suna buƙatar cin nasara, don yaron ya girma lafiya. Saboda haka, ana sa ran ya zama mai girman kai, mai daraja, kuma mai ƙarfi kamar damisa, kuma yana da dukkan halaye na ciki na damisa. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke tattare da wannan fata shine yin ado da alamu na kawunan damisa a kan yatsun takalma da na sama.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>STS Sedov</title>
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'''STS ''Sedov''''' ( Russian   ), wanda a da '''''Magdalene Vinnen II''''' (1921–1936) da '''''Kommodore Johnsen''''' (–1948), wani jirgin ruwa ne mai ƙarfe huɗu wanda tsawon kusan shekaru 80 shine babban jirgin ruwa na gargajiya da ke aiki. An gina ''Sedov'' a matsayin jirgin ruwa na jigilar kaya na Jamus, a yau jirgin ruwan horar da jiragen ruwa ne, yana horar da ɗaliban jami'o'in [[Kaliningrad]], [[Saint-Petersburg|Saint Petersburg]] da Astrakhan . Tana shiga cikin manyan tarukan ƙasa da ƙasa na teku a matsayin mai masaukin baki mai gata kuma ta kasance mai shiga cikin tseren Jiragen Ruwa Masu Tsayi .

== Tarihi ==

=== ''Magdalene Vinnen II'' ===
An ƙaddamar da ''Sedov'', wanda aka fara kiransa ''Magdalene Vinnen II'', a [[Kiel]], Jamus a shekarar 1921 ta hannun Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft don kamfanin jigilar kaya na [[F. A. Vinnen &amp; Co.|FA Vinnen &amp; Co.]] na [[Bremen]], ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin jigilar kaya na Jamus a farkon ƙarni na 20. Da farko kamfanin jigilar kaya ya ƙi amincewa da sanya injin a cikin jirgin, amma farfajiyar jirgin (tare da goyon bayan kwamitin gwamnati) ya yi nasarar yin jayayya kan injin, wanda ya sa jirgin ya zama jirgin ruwa na farko mai injin taimako wanda aka tsara bisa ga ƙa'idodin zamani.

A lokacin '', Magdalene Vinnen ta Biyu'' ita ce babbar tashar jiragen ruwa mafi girma a duniya kuma ana amfani da ita ne kawai a matsayin jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar kaya tare da ma'aikatan jirgin da suka ƙunshi wasu ƙananan sojoji. Ta yi tafiya a kan tafiyarta ta farko a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1921. Har zuwa tafiyarta ta ƙarshe a matsayin ''Magdalene Vinnen ta Biyu'' a shekarar 1936, jirgin ya yi tafiya zuwa Argentina, Afirka ta Kudu, Ostiraliya, Reunion da [[Seychelles]] .

=== ''Kommodore Johnsen'' ===
A ranar 9 ga Agusta 1936, an sayar da ''Magdalene Vinnen II'' ga Norddeutscher Lloyd na Bremen sannan aka sake mata suna zuwa ''Kommodore Johnsen'' . Sabon mai shi ya canza ta zuwa jirgin horo mai ɗaukar kaya.

=== ''Sedov'' ===
[[Fayil:Sedov_(ship,_1921)_and_Kruzenshtern_(ship,_1926),_Sète,_France.jpg|right|thumb|''Sedov'' da Kruzenshtern a Sète, Faransa.]]
[[Fayil:Amsterdam_Sail_2010_0819_Sedov_01.jpg|thumb|''Sedov'' a kan mashigin Tekun Arewa a lokacin ''SAIL Amsterdam 2010'']]
[[Fayil:Prow_of_the_STS_Sedov.JPG|thumb|An ɗauki hoton STS ''Sedov'', wanda ke nuna garkuwar Murmansk da aikin gungurawa. An ɗauka a lokacin ziyarar Afrilu 2013 zuwa Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin {{'}} ''Sedov'' a duk faɗin duniya.]]
[[Fayil:Russian_tallship_Sedov.png|thumb|Zane-zanen layi na ''Sedov'']]
Ta kasance ƙarƙashin ikon mallakar ƙasar Rasha bayan da Jamus ta miƙa wuya - a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1945, Turawan Birtaniya suka miƙa jirgin ga Tarayyar Soviet a matsayin diyya ta yaƙi. A Tarayyar Soviet, an mayar da ita jirgin horar da jiragen ruwa na Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Soviet . An sake sanya mata suna ''Sedov'' bayan mai binciken Arctic Georgy Sedov wanda ya mutu a lokacin bincike a [[Arctic]] a 1914, an yi amfani da ita a matsayin jirgin horo na Rundunar Sojan Ruwa daga 1952 zuwa 1957. Daga 1957 zuwa 1966 an yi amfani da ita a matsayin jirgin bincike na teku a [[Tekun Atalanta|Arewacin Atlantika]] . A 1966 lokacin da aka mayar da ita wurin ajiyar kaya a Kronstadt, a hukumance ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Kamun Kifi.

A shekarar 1981, ''Sedov'' ta sake bayyana bayan an gyara ta. Tana aiki a Sashen Horar da Jiragen Ruwa na Baltic da ke [[Riga]], ta fara horar da 'yan makaranta daga makarantun [[Kaliningrad]] da Murmansk. Bayan ayyana 'yancin kai na [[Laitfiya|Latvia]] a shekarar 1991, ta bar Riga zuwa Murmansk, aka mayar da ita makarantar sojojin ruwa ta Murmansk tare da birnin Murmansk don tabbatar da kula da ita da kuma kula da ita.

A ranar 20 ga Yunin 2013, ''Sedov'' ya yi karo da &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwXQ&quot;&gt;Kraweel&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ''Lisa von Lübeck'' a gefen Texel, Arewacin Holland, Netherlands. An jefa jiragen ruwa biyu a Den Helder . &lt;ref name=&quot;FM1646&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Voytenko |first=Mikhail |date=21 June 2013 |title=Russian training tall ship Sedov allided with German replica cog Lisa Von Luebeck |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2013/1646/russian-training-tall-ship-sedov-allided-german-re/ |access-date=14 December 2017 |publisher=Fleetmon |archive-date=15 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215053328/https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2013/1646/russian-training-tall-ship-sedov-allided-german-re/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masu ba da bashi na Tarayyar Rasha da ba a biya ''su'' ba kamar Nessim Gaon (wanda yanzu ya daina aiki a kungiyar Swiss NOGA, wani misali na Gaon) da kuma masu riƙe da takardun lamuni na Faransa da aka cire daga asusun Rasha; a shekarar 2002, an tilasta wa ''Sedov'' barin [[Marseille]] cikin gaggawa ba zato ba tsammani kuma ba zato ba tsammani  don guje wa samun takardar izini daga [[AFPER]] (ƙungiyar masu riƙe da takardun lamuni na Daular Rasha) washegari da safe.

Fiye da shekara guda kenan da Faransawa masu riƙe da takardun lamuni na Rasha suka yi gargaɗin cewa za su sake tsarawa tare da fitar da ikirarinsu zuwa yankunan Anglo-Saxon, waɗanda suka fi abokantaka da 'yan ƙasa masu zaman kansu fiye da Faransawa.

A watan Mayun 2008, bayan rikicin da ya barke tsakanin Birtaniya da Rasha, Moscow ta umurci ''Sedov'' da kada ya tsaya a filin jirgin sama  kamar yadda aka tsara a Southend-on-Sea . Ziyarar Satumba ta 2008 zuwa Falmouth, wurin fara tseren FUNCHAL 500 zuwa Madeira, ita ma ta yi kama da tana cikin haɗari. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 June 2008 |title=Russian tall ship in doubt for Falmouth |url=http://falmouthpacket.co.uk/mostpopular.var.2331243.mostcommented.russian_tall_ship_in_doubt_for_falmouth.php |access-date=3 May 2016 |website=the Packet |archive-date=12 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612213202/http://www.falmouthpacket.co.uk/mostpopular.var.2331243.mostcommented.russian_tall_ship_in_doubt_for_falmouth.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2011, ''Sedov'' ta yi bikin cika shekaru 90 da kafuwa. A shekarar 2012, ''Sedov'' ta fara tafiyarta ta farko a duniya, wadda ta shafe sama da watanni 13.  Tafiyar ta ƙare a ranar 20 ga Yuli, 2013 a [[Saint-Petersburg|Saint Petersburg]], Rasha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 July 2013 |title=Sailing Ship Sedov in Saint Petersburg |url=http://englishrussia.com/2013/07/22/sailing-ship-sedov-in-saint-petersburg/ |access-date=3 May 2016 |website=English Russia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2017, ''Sedov'' ta canza tashar jiragen ruwa ta gida zuwa Kaliningrad kuma Jami'ar Fasaha ta Jihar Kaliningrad ce ke kula da ita. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 April 2017 |title=World's biggest sailing ship Sedov changes home port |url=http://tass.com/world/940520 |access-date=16 July 2017 |website=Tass}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin manyan jiragen ruwa na ruwa
* Mai jefa iska

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shaun Whalley</title>
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'''Shaun James Whalley''' (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Agusta 1987) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Ingila wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan gaba a ƙungiyar EFL League Two Accrington Stanley . An haifi Whalley a Prescot, Merseyside, kuma ya buga wa Norwich City da Southport wasa tun yana ƙarami kafin ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Chester City a 2004.

Bayan ya bar Chester, ya shafe lokaci yana buga ƙwallon ƙafa ba tare da ƙungiyar League ba tare da Runcorn FC Halton da Witton Albion . A lokacin da yake kan ganiyarsa a Witton, ya shafe makonni biyar yana gwaji tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] ta ƙwallon ƙafa ta ɗaya, amma ba a ba shi kwangila ba, don haka ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar League Two Accrington Stanley a shekara ta 2006. Whalley ya shafe kusan shekaru biyu a ƙungiyar Lancashire, amma bayan an sallame shi a lokacin bazara na 2008, ya koma ƙungiyar da ba ta cikin gasar League ba, da farko tare da Wrexham . A lokacin da yake Wrexham, ya yi ɗan gajeren lokaci na aro a Southport inda ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar zuwa wasan share fage na Conference North. Daga baya ya buga wasa a Droylsden, inda yake cikin ƙungiyar da ta lashe Kofin Premier na Manchester a 2010, da kuma Hyde kafin ya sake komawa Southport na dindindin a watan Janairun 2011. Luton Town ta saye shi a lokacin bazara na 2013 kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, kuma ya koma AFC Telford United a matsayin aro a 2014. Luton da Telford sun lashe gasarsu a kakar wasa ta 2013–14, wanda hakan ya sanya Whalley ta zama zakara a gasar Conference Premier da kuma Conference North a kakar wasa daya. Ya bar Luton a watan Mayun 2015, daga baya ya koma Shrewsbury .

Tsohon abokin wasansa Paul Mullin ya bayyana Whalley a matsayin &quot;jirgin ƙasa mai sauri a kan fikafikai&quot;, kuma an kira Whalley cikin tawagar ' yan wasan da ke jiran a buga wasa da Hallam, wasan da ake yi don murnar cika shekaru 150 da kafa ƙungiyar. Shi ɗa ne ga tsohon kyaftin ɗin Preston North End, Neil Whalley, wanda shi ma ɗan wasan tsakiya ne.

== Farko da rayuwar mutum ==
An haifi Whalley a Prescot, Merseyside amma ya girma a Widnes. Tun yana ƙarami, Whalley ya kasance mai sha'awar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] sosai.  Tun yana yaro, ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ga ƙungiyoyin yankinsa har zuwa 2001 lokacin da Norwich City ta gan shi. Ya je ya buga wa makarantarsu wasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 January 2011 |title=Whalley set for Premier move |url=http://www.bluesqfootball.com/story/0,20970,13041_6700198,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312165054/http://www.bluesqfootball.com/story/0,20970,13041_6700198,00.html |archive-date=12 March 2012 |access-date=31 January 2011 |publisher=Blue Square North}}&lt;/ref&gt; inda ya buga wasa na tsawon shekaru uku kafin ya tafi a shekarar 2004. Daga baya ya koma Merseyside ya koma Southport, inda ya buga wasanni da dama na ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta reserve. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Player profile: Shaun Whalley |url=http://www.southportfootballclub.co.uk/home/player.php?id=1694&amp;type=11 |access-date=12 February 2011 |publisher=Southport FC |archive-date=6 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006213749/http://www.southportfootballclub.co.uk/home/player.php?id=1694&amp;type=11 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin bazara na wannan shekarar, Whalley ya zama ƙwararre lokacin da ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Chester City . 

Mahaifin Whalley, Neil Whalley, shi ma ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne a farkon shekarun 1990. Shi ma ya buga wasa a tsakiya kuma ya buga wasanni sama da 50 a Preston North End, inda shi ma ya kasance kyaftin na tsawon lokaci. 

Ya bayyana cewa yana da matsala da barasa da caca, amma ya rage yawan amfani da duka biyun. 

== Sana'a ==

=== Farkon aikina ===
Tare da Chester, Whalley ya buga wasa galibi a ƙungiyar matasa da kuma ta 'yan wasa masu zaman kansu, amma ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar a wasan da suka tashi 0-0 da Cambridge United a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2004, inda ya maye gurbin [[Shafin Darryn|Darryn Stamp]] . Wasansa na farko ya zo ne kwana ɗaya kacal bayan ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar ƙwararru da Chester; manaja Ian Rush ya sanya shi a benci ne kawai sakamakon raunin da Daryl Clare da Michael Branch suka samu.  A makon da ya biyo baya, ya kasance cikin ƙungiyar da ta doke Sheffield Wednesday a filin wasa na Hillsborough a zagaye na biyu na Kofin Zakarun Kwallon Kafa .  Whalley ya sake buga wasanni uku na manyan 'yan wasa ga Chester, duk a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa, kafin ya bar kulob din a lokacin bazara na 2005. 

A watan Agusta na wannan shekarar, Whalley ya koma ƙwallon ƙafa ta daban da ta League, inda Runcorn ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin sabbin 'yan wasa da suka sayi ƙungiyar [[Northern Premier League]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 August 2005 |title=Whole host of newcomers for Linnets |url=http://www.nonleaguedaily.com/news/index.php?newsmode=FULL&amp;nid=28742 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002101238/http://www.nonleaguedaily.com/news/index.php?newsmode=FULL&amp;nid=28742 |archive-date=2 October 2012 |access-date=7 February 2011 |publisher=Non-League Daily}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fara bayyana a ƙungiyar a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Frickley Athletic, daga baya kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙungiyar farko. &lt;ref name=&quot;whalley0506&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shaun Whalley appearances 2005–06 |url=http://www.soccerfactsuk.co.uk/s2005/player_details.php?playerid=4070 |access-date=7 February 2011 |publisher=Soccer Facts UK}}&lt;/ref&gt; Whalley ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ragar Runcorn a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun kungiyar Prescot Cables da ci 5-1, kuma ya sake zura kwallo a mako mai zuwa a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Matlock Town . &lt;ref name=&quot;whalley0506&quot; /&gt; Ya buga wasanni 21 a gasar Runcorn kafin ya koma Witton Albion a watan Maris na 2006. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokacin da ya yi a ƙungiyar, ya zura kwallaye 6 a wasanni 18 da ya buga a gasar. &lt;ref name=&quot;Shaun Whalley - 2005-06&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shaun Whalley 2005–06 |url=http://www.soccerfactsuk.co.uk/s2005/player_details.php?playerid=4070 |access-date=21 March 2011 |publisher=SoccerFactsUK}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Accrington Stanley ===
A watan Satumba na 2006, lokacin da yake Witton, Whalley ya yi makonni biyar a gwaji a kulob din League One [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 September 2006 |title=Crewe chance for Whalley |url=http://www.nonleaguedaily.com/news/index.php?newsmode=FULL&amp;nid=37430 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714192103/http://www.nonleaguedaily.com/news/index.php?newsmode=FULL&amp;nid=37430 |archive-date=14 July 2011 |access-date=10 February 2011 |publisher=Non-League Daily}}&lt;/ref&gt;  amma ba a ba shi kwangilar dindindin ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 November 2006 |title=Alex would not be rushed over Whalley |url=http://www.crewealex.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10414~928041,00.html |access-date=10 February 2011 |publisher=Crewe Alexandra FC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya ya koma ƙungiyar League Two Accrington Stanley a matsayin aro watanni biyu bayan haka.  Whalley ya fara buga wa kulob din wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi 1-2 a hannun Hartlepool United a filin wasa na Crown Ground . Duk da haka, bayan makonni biyu, an kore shi a wasan Kofin Kwallon Kafa da Doncaster Rovers bayan wani babban hari da ya yi wa Theo Streete, duk da cewa kocin Accrington John Coleman ya ji cewa ƙalubalen bai cancanci a ba shi jan kati ba.  Dakatarwar da aka yi daga baya ta nuna cewa Whalley ya shafe kusan wata guda ba tare da ya buga wasa ba kafin ya dawo a ƙarshen Disamba a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Bristol Rovers . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bristol Rovers 4-0 Accrington Stanley&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bristol Rovers 4–0 Accrington Stanley |url=http://www.football.co.uk/match_reports/accrington_stanley_bristol_rovers_3033147.shtml |access-date=22 March 2011 |publisher=football.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya koma Accrington na dindindin a watan Janairun 2007, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da kulob din,  kuma a makon da ya biyo baya ya ci kwallo mai nasara a wasan da suka doke Mansfield Town da ci 3-2, wanda shi ne kwallonsa ta farko da ya ci wa kungiyar.  Whalley ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin 'yan wasa na farko a ƙungiyar har tsawon kakar wasa ta 2006-07, kuma ya riƙe matsayinsa a cikin 'yan wasan farko a mafi yawan kakar wasa da ta biyo baya, kuma ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a Accrington a waje da Crown Ground a wasan da suka sha kashi 8-2 a hannun Peterborough United a ranar 15 ga Janairun 2008.  Whalley ya buga wasanni 51 a gasar Accrington, inda ya zura kwallaye 5, amma a watan Mayun 2008, yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa 10 da ƙungiyar ta saki. 

=== Komawa ga wanda ba na League ba ===
A watan Yunin 2008, ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Conference Premier Wrexham .  Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Wrexham a wasansa na farko a wasan da suka doke [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage]] da ci 5-0. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wrexham 5–0 Stevenage |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/results3.sd?gameid=562028 |access-date=31 January 2011 |publisher=Soccerbase }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Whalley ya biyo baya da wani ƙwallo a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Rushden &amp;amp;amp; Diamonds . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rushden 1–1 Wrexham |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/results3.sd?gameid=575869 |access-date=31 January 2011 |publisher=Soccerbase }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zura kwallaye na uku da na huɗu a watan yayin da Wrexham ta doke Salisbury City da ci 4-1, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Salisbury 1–4 Wrexham |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/results3.sd?gameid=566248 |access-date=31 January 2011 |publisher=Soccerbase }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda hakan ya zama wasansa na ƙarshe a wannan kulob ɗin. Daga nan ya koma ƙungiyar Southport ta Conference North a matsayin aro a watan Fabrairun 2009 don sauran kakar wasa ta 2008-09. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wrexham A.F.C. |author-link=Wrexham A.F.C. |date=3 February 2009 |title=Whalley Joins Southport on Loan |url=http://www.wrexhamafc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10311~1543228,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225164439/http://www.wrexhamafc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10311~1543228,00.html |archive-date=25 February 2012 |access-date=18 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Whalley ya fara buga wasansa na farko a Southport a wasan da suka doke Hyde United da ci 2-0 a Haig Avenue . &lt;ref name=&quot;Whalley Southport 200809&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shaun Whalley Southport appearances 2008–09 |url=http://www.southportfootballclub.co.uk/home/player.php?id=1694&amp;season_id_page=82&amp;season_name_page=2008/2009 |access-date=12 February 2011 |publisher=Southport FC |archive-date=6 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006213717/http://www.southportfootballclub.co.uk/home/player.php?id=1694&amp;season_id_page=82&amp;season_name_page=2008/2009 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ci gaba da buga wasanni 13 na gasar lig ga ƙungiyar yayin da suka kai wasan share fage na Conference North, amma Gateshead ya sha kashi a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe.  A lokacin zaman aro, Whalley ya buga wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar FA, amma bai iya hana Southport shan kashi a wasanni 3-2 a jere a wasanni biyu da suka fafata da AFC Telford United ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;Whalley Southport 200809&quot; /&gt; A lokacin bazara na 2009, Wrexham ya sallame shi tare da wasu 'yan wasa takwas da suka bar kwantiraginsu. 

A watan Agusta na 2009, bayan an sake shi daga Wrexham, Whalley ya koma taron Arewa don shiga Droylsden . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=News &amp; Announcements |url=http://www.droylsdenfc.com/default.asp?nc=4577&amp;id=100 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008140521/http://www.droylsdenfc.com/default.asp?nc=4577&amp;id=100 |archive-date=8 October 2011 |access-date=18 August 2009 |publisher=Droylsden F.C}}&lt;/ref&gt; Whalley ya zura kwallaye biyu na farko a kulob din yayin da Droylsden ta doke Northwich Victoria da ci 5-1. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 August 2009 |title=Droylsden 5–1 Northwich Victoria |url=http://www.droylsdenfc.co.uk/zarc0910report6northwichhome.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005024301/http://www.droylsdenfc.co.uk/zarc0910report6northwichhome.php |archive-date=5 October 2011 |access-date=31 January 2011 |publisher=droylsdenfc.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ƙara wani ƙwallo a cikin jimillar kwallayen da ya ci, inda ya ci ƙwallo a wasan da suka doke Fleetwood Town da ci 2-0, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 September 2009 |title=DROYLSDEN 2 – 0 FLEETWOOD TOWN |url=http://www.droylsdenfc.co.uk/zarc0910report8fleetwoodhome.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005024322/http://www.droylsdenfc.co.uk/zarc0910report8fleetwoodhome.php |archive-date=5 October 2011 |access-date=31 January 2011 |publisher=droylsdenfc.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; kafin ya ƙara wasu ƙwallo biyu a cikin sunansa yayin da Droylsden ta doke Harrogate Town da ci 5-0. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 September 2009 |title=DROYLSDEN 5–0 HARROGATE TOWN |url=http://www.droylsdenfc.co.uk/zarc0910report11harrogatehome.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005024352/http://www.droylsdenfc.co.uk/zarc0910report11harrogatehome.php |archive-date=5 October 2011 |access-date=31 January 2011 |publisher=droylsdenfc.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasa a karo na uku a kakar wasa yayin da Droylsden ta yi nasara a kan Solihull Moors da ci 5-3 a filin wasa na Butcher's Arms Ground . Ya lashe kyautar lashe gasar Premier ta Manchester a kakar wasa daya da ya yi a Droylsden &lt;ref name=&quot;manchesterfa.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Manchester Premier Cup 2009–2010 |url=http://www.manchesterfa.com/FixturesAndResults/CountyCups/ManchesterPremierCup/Archive/2009-2010/?tab=results&amp;js=1 |access-date=3 February 2011 |publisher=manchesterfa.com }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; kafin ya tafi a karshen kakar wasa ta 2009-10, bayan ya zura kwallaye 15 a wasanni 32 da ya buga a gasar. &lt;ref name=&quot;2009–10 appearances&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2009–10 appearances |url=http://www.sportbox.tv/football/players/player.php?playerid=110899&amp;season=2010 |access-date=31 January 2011 |publisher=sportbox.tv}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hyde ===
[[File:Whalley_Shoots.jpg|alt=Whalley nearly scores against [[Harrogate Town F.C.|Harrogate Town]]|right|thumb|235x235px| Whalley yana wasa kuma yana ƙoƙarin zura kwallo a raga a kan [[Harrogate Town F.C.|Harrogate Town]] ; bugunsa yana tashi sama da sandar da aka saka.]]
Whalley ya koma Hyde a ranar 21 ga Agusta 2010 bayan an sake shi daga Droylsden .  Ya fara buga wasa ne 'yan sa'o'i bayan ya sanya hannu a kungiyar Tigers a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Alfreton Town da ci 5-1 a gida.  A wasa na uku da ya buga wa Hyde, an kore shi daga fili a wasan da Guiseley ya sha kashi da ci 1-0.  Whalley ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Hyde a wasan da suka doke Corby Town da ci 2-1 a gida. 

A farkon watan Oktoba, yayin da yake kan ganiyarsa a Hyde, an kira shi zuwa tawagar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta XI tare da abokin wasansa Scott Mooney don buga wasa da Hallam FC don murnar cika shekaru 150 da kafa ƙungiyar da ke Sheffield.  Whalley ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin da ya ci wa kulob din a wasan da suka doke Oldham Boro da ci 4-0 a gasar cin kofin Manchester Premier,  amma kasa da mako guda bayan haka, ya ci kwallon da kansa a matsayin wani bangare na rashin nasara a hannun Blyth Spartans da ci 3-0 a waje,  sannan aka sake korarsa saboda laifuka biyu da za a iya cire masa katin gargadi a kan Vauxhall Motors 

Whalley ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a sabuwar shekara a wasan da suka doke abokan hamayyarsu na gida Stalybridge Celtic da ci 2-1. &lt;ref name=&quot;Stalybridge Celtic 1–2 Hyde&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 January 2011 |title=Stalybridge Celtic 1–2 Hyde |url=http://www.hydefc.co.uk/report.php?id=1873 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427075336/http://www.hydefc.co.uk/report.php?id=1873 |archive-date=27 April 2011 |access-date=2 January 2011 |publisher=hydefc.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya sake zura kwallo a wasan kwata-kwata na gasar cin kofin Premier ta Manchester da tsohuwar kungiyarsa Droylsden, &lt;ref name=&quot;Match Details: Droylsden 3-1 Hyde&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 January 2011 |title=Match Details: Droylsden 3–1 Hyde |url=http://www.hydefc.co.uk/report.php?id=1879 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221183733/http://www.hydefc.co.uk/report.php?id=1879 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=11 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda hakan ya zama na karshe da ya zura wa kungiyar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 January 2011 |title=Player Released |url=http://www.hydefc.co.uk/newsarticle.php?id=308 |access-date=24 January 2011 |publisher=hydefc.co.uk }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Southport ===
Hyde ya saki Whalley domin ya koma Southport a karo na biyu a watan Janairun 2011.  Ya fara buga wasa a ranar Asabar mai zuwa a wasan da suka doke York City da ci 4-0, inda ya zura kwallaye na biyu da na hudu a ragar Southport .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 January 2011 |title=Southport 4 York City 0 |url=http://www.york.vitalfootball.co.uk/matchrep.asp?a=230016 |access-date=29 January 2011 |publisher=Vital Football}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, ƙasa da mako guda bayan haka, Whalley ya sake zura kwallo a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Grimsby Town wanda hakan ya kai tarihin zura kwallaye uku a wasanni biyu,  kafin a kore shi daga fili saboda rashin da'a bayan an dakatar da shi daga wasanni hudu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kirkbride, Phillip |date=4 February 2011 |title=Gray can fill the void left by Whalley, says Southport boss |url=http://www.southportvisiter.co.uk/southport-sport/2011/02/04/tony-gray-can-fill-the-void-left-by-shaun-whalley-says-southport-fc-boss-101022-28110934/ |access-date=20 February 2011 |publisher=Southport Visitor}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 26 ga Fabrairu bayan ya rasa mafi kyawun lokacin wannan watan sakamakon dakatarwar da aka yi masa, ya dawo, don fara wasa da rashin nasara 2-1 a hannun Bath City, amma bai sami damar zura kwallo ko daya ba.  Ya biyo bayan wannan wasan ta hanyar zura kwallaye a wasanni biyu da ya buga, inda ya zura kwallaye a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 3-1 a kan Histon  sannan kuma ya zura kwallo daya tilo da Southport ta zura, a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 4-1 a hannun Eastbourne Borough .  Ya kammala gasar Maris bayan ya zira kwallaye huɗu a wannan watan, bayan ya ƙara kwallaye biyu a ɓangaren na ƙarshe, na farko a wasan da Barrow ya sha kashi da ci 4-2 , ɗayan kuma ya zo ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Rushden &amp;amp;amp; Diamonds . 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]]</text>
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    <title>Sanaullah Khan Mastikhel</title>
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'''Muhammad Sanaullah Khan Mastikhel''' (Urdu: محمد ثناء الله خان مستی خیل; an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Oktoba 1971) ɗan siyasan Pakistan ne, wanda ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Pakistan tun daga watan Fabrairun 2024 kuma a baya ya yi aiki a wannan mukamin daga watan Agusta 2018 har zuwa Janairun 2023 kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar lardin Punjab . &lt;ref name=&quot;PA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Punjab Assembly |url=http://www.pap.gov.pk/index.php/members/profile/en/19/502 |access-date=17 March 2016 |website=pap.gov.pk |archive-date=13 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313121441/http://www.pap.gov.pk/index.php/members/profile/en/19/502 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan siyasa ==
A cikin zaben 2002, ya yi takara a kan tikitin Pakistan Muslim League (Q) daga NA-73, mazabar Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa kuma an zabe shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokoki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 September 2002 |title=Bhakkar: PPP, PML ally against Shujaat |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/56685/bhakkar-ppp-pml-ally-against-shujaat |access-date=18 March 2016 |website=dawn.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ELECTIONS 2002 (Sargodha Division) |url=http://archives.dailytimes.com.pk/national/03-Oct-2002/elections-2002-sargodha-division |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325165211/http://archives.dailytimes.com.pk/national/03-Oct-2002/elections-2002-sargodha-division |archive-date=25 March 2016 |access-date=18 March 2016 |website=DailyTimes}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin zaɓen 2008, ya yi takara a kan tikitin Pakistan Muslim League (N) daga PP-47, wani mazabar lardin Punjab kuma ya lashe wannan zaben ta hanyar samun kuri'u 37,713 yayin da abokin hamayyarsa mafi kusa, mai zaman kansa Amir Muhammad Khan ya sami kuri'u 35,277. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Result of Election 2008 |url=http://electionsite.org/pk/pp-47.php |access-date=18 March 2016 |website=electionsite.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kuma kasance dan takara daga mazabar Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa NA-73 a shekara ta 2008  wanda ya rasa ga wani mai zaman kansa Abdul Majeed Khan Khanan Khel wanda zai shiga PML (N) a shekara ta 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=LIST OF CONTESTING CANDIDATES |url=http://www.urdupoint.com/elections/Files/PDF/punjab2.pdf |access-date=18 March 2016 |website=Urdu Point}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hamariweb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=NA-73 Election 2013 Results Details, Candidates, Constituency, Pakistan Election 2013 |url=https://hamariweb.com/pakistan-election/General/2013/NA-73/ |access-date=18 March 2016 |website=hamariweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya samu kuri'u 82,740 idan aka kwatanta da kuri'u 8,850 na Khanan Khel . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=RESULT GENERAL ELECTIONS 2008 |url=http://www.pmln.us/result-general-elections-2008/ |access-date=18 March 2016 |website=pmln.us |archive-date=26 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326225504/http://www.pmln.us/result-general-elections-2008/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya daina kasancewa memba na PML (N) kuma ya tsaya takarar babban zaben 2013 a matsayin mai zaman kansa daga NA-73. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 May 2013 |title=Punjab's second city: High turnout, some violations of ECP rules |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/547986/punjabs-second-city-high-turnout-some-violations-of-ecp-rules/ |access-date=18 March 2016 |website=The Express Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya samu kuri'u 91,066 a wannan zaben amma ya rasa shi ga Khanan Khel na PML (N) wanda ya samu kuri'un 97,676.&lt;ref name=&quot;hamariweb&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Asad Haroon |date=10 May 2013 |title=NA-73 Results – Bhakkar |url=http://www.dnd.com.pk/na-73-results-bhakkar/17653 |access-date=18 March 2016 |website=Dispatch News Desk}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin wannan zaben, ya kuma yi takara a mazabar PP-47. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ROs issue final list of candidates. |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/ROs+issue+final+list+of+candidates.-a0327203459 |access-date=18 March 2016 |website=thefreelibrary.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake zabarsa a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa a matsayin dan takara mai zaman kansa daga NA-97 Bhakkar-I a Babban zaben Pakistan na 2018. Ya samu kuri'u 120,729 kuma ya ci Abdul Majeed Khan, dan takarar PML (N). Ya shiga Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) bayan zabensa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ECP - Election Commission of Pakistan |url=https://www.ecp.gov.pk/ConstResult.aspx?Const_Id=NA-97&amp;type=NA&amp;Election_ID=10070&amp;Election=GENERAL+ELECTION+25+JUL+2018 |access-date=13 August 2018 |website=www.ecp.gov.pk}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Independent candidates continue to join PTI in center, Punjab |url=https://www.radio.gov.pk/30-07-2018/independent-candidates-continue-to-join-pti-in-center-punjab |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=www.radio.gov.pk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake zabarsa a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa a matsayin dan takara mai zaman kansa wanda PTI ta goyi bayan NA-91 Bhakkar-I a Babban zaben Pakistan na 2024. Ya samu kuri'u 106,153 kuma ya ci Abdul Majeed Khan, dan takarar PML (N). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of Pakistan |url=https://ecp.gov.pk/general-elections-2024 |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=ecp.gov.pk |archive-date=2024-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106074323/https://ecp.gov.pk/general-elections-2024 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>94eje8foevnu4w6mopoye8szn72xo45</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Simon Russell (mai wasan ƙwallon ƙafa)</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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'''Simon Craig Russell''' (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Maris 1985) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Ingila wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]].

Ya taba bugawa Hull City da [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] a gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila kafin ya koma kungiyar Non-League da York City, Tamworth, Cambridge United, Lincoln City, Alfreton Town da North Ferriby United da kuma Gainsborough Trinity .

== Sana'a ==
An haife shi a Hull, East Riding na Yorkshire, Russell ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai horo a Hull City .  Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko bayan ya dawo a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa na minti 60 a wasan da suka buga da Port Vale a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2002, wanda aka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1.  Ya fara buga gasar a rukuni na uku a gasar a wasan da suka doke [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] da ci 4-1 a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 2003. &lt;ref name=&quot;Games played by Simon Russell in 2002/2003&quot; /&gt; Bai buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko ta Hull ba a kakar wasa ta 2003–04,  amma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar reserve ta lashe gasar East Riding Senior Cup bayan ya zura kwallaye a wasan ƙarshe, wanda ya kare da ci 3-0. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 November 2004 |title=Tigers victorious in East Riding Senior Cup Final |url=http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338~524444,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829231440/http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338~524444,00.html |archive-date=29 August 2012 |access-date=11 April 2011 |publisher=Hull City A.F.C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hull ta sallame shi a lokacin bazara na 2004 bayan ya buga wasanni biyu a madadin ƙungiyar, kuma ƙungiyar Ligue Two Kidderminster ta saye shi a watan Yulin 2004 akan kwantiragin shekaru biyu, wanda kocinsa Jan Mølby ya bayyana shi a matsayin, &quot;...&amp;nbsp;[yana da] injin mai ban mamaki kuma yana iya tashi da kwallo ɗaya ko biyu.&quot; 

Ya kammala kakar wasa ta farko bayan Kidderminster da wasanni 29 da kuma kwallaye 2 yayin da aka mayar da su zuwa gasar Conference National .  Ya samu karyewar wuyan hannu a watan Nuwamba na 2005 wanda hakan ya hana shi yin wasa na tsawon watanni uku na 2005–06,  amma ya dawo bayan watanni biyu lokacin da ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 63 a wasan da suka yi da Altrincham a ranar 2 ga Janairun 2006.  Ya kammala kakar wasa da wasanni 35 da kuma kwallaye 2. &lt;ref name=&quot;2005-06&quot; /&gt; Bayan ya buga wasanni 52 kuma ya zura kwallaye 6 a kakar wasa ta 2006–07, &lt;ref name=&quot;Non-League Club Directory 2008 118-119&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|edition=Tony}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekara guda da kulob din, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi dadewa a kungiyar a yanzu.  Ya samu rauni a cinyarsa wanda hakan ya hana shi buga wasa a farkon kakar wasa ta 2007–08, sannan ya dawo wasa a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 3-1 a kan Droylsden a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2007.   Ya kammala kakar wasa da wasanni 36 da kuma kwallaye 6. &lt;ref name=&quot;Non-League Club Directory 2009 96-97&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|edition=Tony}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Simon_Russell_09-05-2009_1.jpg|thumb| Russell bayan ya buga wa York City wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin FA ta 2009]]
Bayan ya buga wasanni uku a Kidderminster har zuwa wannan lokacin a 2008–09, &lt;ref name=&quot;2008/09Kiddy&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|edition=James}}&lt;/ref&gt; Russell ya sanya hannu a kulob din Conference Premier na York City a kan yarjejeniyar canja wuri kyauta a ranar 22 ga Agusta 2008.  Ya fara buga wasa a karon farko bayan kwana ɗaya a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a minti na 54 a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Northwich Victoria .  Ya ji rauni a cinyarsa a lokacin wasan York da Grays Athletic a watan Disamba,  wanda hakan ya sa bai buga wasan Histon ba.  Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga York kai tsaye daga bugun kusurwa a wasan da Barrow ya sha kashi da ci 3-1 a gasar cin kofin Conference League a ranar 20 ga Janairun 2009. &lt;ref name=&quot;2008/09York&quot; /&gt; Ya shigo ne a matsayin madadinsa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin FA na 2009 a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] a ranar 9 ga Mayu 2009, wanda York ta sha kashi 2-0 a hannun [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;2008/09York&quot; /&gt; Russell ya ƙi amincewa da tayin aro ga ƙungiyoyi biyu na Conference North a watan Satumba na 2009, domin yana son ya zauna ya yi fafutukar neman gurbinsa a York. 

Ya koma ƙungiyar abokan hamayyar York ta Conference Premier Tamworth a ranar 17 ga Satumba 2009 akan aro na wata ɗaya,  bayan ya kasa buga wasa a York har zuwa wannan lokacin a 2009–10 .  An tsawaita rancen har zuwa 1 ga Janairu 2010 a watan Oktoba.  Ya koma York a ranar 19 ga Disamba 2009  kuma ya koma Cambridge United a matsayin aro har zuwa ƙarshen 2009-10 a ranar 22 ga Janairu 2010.  Ya fara buga wasa a karon farko a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 1-0 a hannun Crawley Town a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 2010.  Ya koma York a ƙarshen kakar wasa bayan ya buga wasanni 17 a matsayin aro a Cambridge, &lt;ref name=&quot;2009/10Cambridge&quot; /&gt; kuma manaja Martin Ling ya ce ƙungiyar za ta ba Russell kwangilar dindindin idan York ta sallame shi.  Ya sake sanya hannu a Cambridge na dindindin kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu a ranar 10 ga Mayu.  Russell ya fara kakar wasa ta 2010–11 cikin kyakkyawan yanayi ga Cambridge, inda ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Crawley a ranar 17 ga Agusta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 August 2010 |title=Cambridge vs Crawley Town |url=http://www.cambridge-united.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0,,10423~54363,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313183507/http://www.cambridge-united.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0%2C%2C10423~54363%2C00.html |archive-date=13 March 2012 |publisher=Cambridge United F.C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; sannan ya kara kwallaye hudu don jagorantar jadawalin kwallayen kulob din a watan Nuwamba.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2016}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Russell ya sanya hannu a sabuwar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Conference Premier da aka rage daga gasar Lincoln City a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2011 bisa kwangilar shekara ɗaya bayan Cambridge ta ba shi damar shiga gasar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 July 2011 |title=Imps snap up midfielder Russell |url=http://www.redimps.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10440~2397535,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905143829/http://www.redimps.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10440~2397535,00.html |archive-date=5 September 2012 |access-date=20 July 2011 |publisher=Lincoln City F.C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2011–12 da wasanni 30 da kuma kwallaye 1 da ya ci wa Lincoln &lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=S. Russell |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/simon-russell/36141/ |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}&lt;/ref&gt; kafin ya sanya hannu a kwangilar shekara guda da Alfreton Town a ranar 13 ga Yuli, 2012.  Ya sanya hannu a kulob din Conference North Gainsborough Trinity akan yarjejeniyar canja wuri kyauta a ranar 10 ga Janairu 2013. 

Russell ya sanya hannu a sabuwar ƙungiyar National League ta North Ferriby United a ranar 14 ga Yuni 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Withers |first=Phil |date=14 June 2016 |title=Second new signing and two familiar faces |url=http://northferribyunited.com/second-new-signing-and-two-familiar-faces-n |access-date=14 June 2016 |publisher=North Ferriby United A.F.C. |archive-date=14 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614224955/http://northferribyunited.com/second-new-signing-and-two-familiar-faces-n |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Janairun 2018, Russell ya sake shiga Gainsborough Trinity .

Russell ya sanya hannu a Tadcaster Albion kafin kakar wasa ta 2020-21. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Simon Russell – Tadcaster Albion AFC Tadcaster Albion |url=https://www.tadalbion.com/teams/111701/player/simon-russell-2557225/78339}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Yunin 2022, Russell ya sanar da yin ritaya. 

== Ƙididdigar aiki ==
{{Updated|match played 29 April 2017}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Club
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Season
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |League
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |FA Cup
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |League Cup
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Other
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Hull City
|2002–03
|Third Division
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|1{{Efn|Appearance in [[EFL Trophy|Football League Trophy]]}}
|0
|2
|0
|-
|2003–04
|Third Division
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!1
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!1
!0
!2
!0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]]
|[[2004–05 Kidderminster Harriers F.C. season|2004–05]]
|League Two
|28
|2
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|29
|2
|-
|2005–06
|Conference National
|31
|2
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|3{{Efn|Two appearances in Football League Trophy, one in [[FA Trophy]]}}
|0
|35
|2
|-
|2006–07&lt;ref name=&quot;Non-League Club Directory 2008 118-119&quot;/&gt;
|Conference National
|42
|4
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|9{{Efn|Appearance(s) in FA Trophy}}
|2
|52
|6
|-
|2007–08&lt;ref name=&quot;Non-League Club Directory 2009 96-97&quot;/&gt;
|Conference Premier
|30
|6
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|5{{Efn|Three appearances in FA Trophy, two appearances and one goal in [[Conference League Cup]]}}
|1
|36
|7
|-
|2008–09&lt;ref name=&quot;2008/09Kiddy&quot;/&gt;
|Conference Premier
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|3
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!134
!14
!4
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!17
!3
!155
!17
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |York City
|2008–09
|Conference Premier
|24
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|7{{Efn|Two appearances and one goal in Conference League Cup, five appearances in FA Trophy}}
|1
|33
|1
|-
|2009–10
|Conference Premier
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!24
!0
!2
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!7
!1
!33
!1
|-
|Tamworth (loan)
|2009–10&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|edition=James}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Conference Premier
|11
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|12
|0
|-
|Cambridge United (loan)
|2009–10
|Conference Premier
|15
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2[c]
|0
|17
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Cambridge United
|2010–11&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot; /&gt;
|Conference Premier
|31
|6
|3
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|3[c]
|1
|37
|8
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!46
!6
!3
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!5
!1
!54
!8
|-
|Lincoln City
|2011–12&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot; /&gt;
|Conference Premier
|26
|1
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|3[c]
|0
|30
|1
|-
|Alfreton Town
|2012–13&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot; /&gt;
|Conference Premier
|15
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|15
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Gainsborough Trinity
|2012–13&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot; /&gt;
|Conference North
|15
|4
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|4[c]
|1
|19
|5
|-
|2013–14&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot; /&gt;
|Conference North
|40
|10
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1[c]
|0
|42
|10
|-
|2014–15&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=McMillan |first=Dave |title=Gainsborough Trinity 4–0 Marine |url=http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/marine/news/gainsborough-trinity-4-0-marine-1309452.html |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Marine F.C. |via=Pitchero}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Conference North
|35
|7
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|37
|7
|-
|2015–16&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot; /&gt;
|National League North
|35
|5
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2[c]
|0
|41
|5
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!125
!26
!7
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!7
!1
!139
!27
|-
|North Ferriby United
|2016–17&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot;/&gt;
|National League
|20
|1
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|21
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Career total
!402
!48
!19
!1
!0
!0
!40
!6
!461
!55
|}
{{Notelist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://northferribyunited.com/simon-russell-lp Bayanin Simon Russell] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715174255/http://northferribyunited.com/simon-russell-lp |date=2017-07-15 }} a shafin yanar gizon North Ferriby United AFC
* Simon Russell 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Rony Lopes</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="21045" sha1="kcdmy5lxju024mon921dxzldkgqkbcn" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Marcos Paulo Mesquita''' &quot; '''Rony''' &quot; '''Lopes''' (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1995) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe na dama]] . An haife shi a Brazil, ya wakilci Portugal a ƙasashen duniya.

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haife shi a [[Belém]], [[Pará]], Brazil ga uba ɗan ƙasar Brazil kuma uwa 'yar ƙasar Portugal, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Azevedo |first=Afonso |date=8 September 2016 |title=Entre Brasil e Portugal, enquanto brilha em França |trans-title=Between Brazil and Portugal, while he shines in France |url=http://blog.bet.pt/rony-lopes/ |access-date=5 August 2017 |publisher=Bet.pt |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lopes ya ƙaura zuwa Portugal yana ɗan shekara huɗu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 March 2012 |title=Ronny Lopes, 16 (Manchester City) |url=https://olheiro-pt.blogspot.com/2012/03/ronny-lopes-16-manchester-city.html |access-date=29 April 2013 |publisher=Olheiro |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tomé |first=Bruno |date=15 February 2014 |title=Bloco de notas: Os jovens talentos que estão a fugir de Portugal |trans-title=Notebook: The young talents that are fleeing Portugal |url=http://www.futebol365.pt/artigo/107966-bloco-de-notas-os-jovens-talentos-que-estao-a-fugir-de-portugal/ |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=Futebol 365 |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==

=== Manchester City ===
Lopes ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa a Benfica daga shekaru 10 zuwa 15, inda ya sanya hannu a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] a 2011. &lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite web |date=11 July 2011 |title=Rony confirmado no Manchester City |trans-title=Rony confirmed at Manchester City |url=http://www.espbr.com/noticias/rony-confirmado-no-manchester-city |access-date=5 January 2013 |publisher=ESPBR |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kasance wani abin mamaki da ya ƙara wa ƙungiyar farko a shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa a shekara mai zuwa, amma sai da ya jira har zuwa 7 ga Janairu 2013 kafin ya fara buga wasa a gasar, lokacin da ya zo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin David Silva a minti na 88 a wasan zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin FA da Watford kuma ya zura ƙwallo ta ƙarshe a wasan da suka ci 3-0, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan ƙaramin ɗan wasa da ya taɓa zura ƙwallo a ƙungiyar yana da shekaru 17 da kwana 9. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 January 2013 |title=Marcos makes his mark |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Team-news/2013/January/Lopes-crowned-king |access-date=7 January 2013 |publisher=Manchester City F.C. |archive-date=16 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016125445/http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Team-news/2013/January/Lopes-crowned-king |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lopes ya kasance a cikin ƙungiyar ci gaban Elite ta City a kakar wasa ta 2012-13, kuma ya ci gaba da lashe kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta farko ta Academy bayan ya lashe zaɓen jama'a. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |date=8 April 2015 |title=What role will Marcos Lopes play for Manchester City in 2015/16 season? |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2423629-what-role-will-marcos-lopes-play-for-manchester-city-in-201516-season |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=[[Bleacher Report]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An saka shi cikin ƙungiyar da ta buga wasan farko na gasar UEFA Youth League, inda ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Viktoria Plzeň da ci 4-1.  Ya ƙara kwallaye uku a wasan da [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] ta doke su da ci 6-0 a gida. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 October 2013 |title=Lopes scores three as City put six past Bayern |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefayouthleague/news/0253-0d040be75fea-9fcfb84343c7-1000--lopes-scores-three-as-city-put-six-past-bayern/ |access-date=21 September 2020 |publisher=UEFA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2014, Lopes ya fara wasa da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a zagaye na biyu na wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin Zakarun Turai . A wasan, ya taimaka wa Sergio Agüero da Álvaro Negredo su ci kwallo kowannensu, a wasan da suka ci 3-0 a waje (9-0 a jimilla). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=21 January 2014 |title=West Ham United 0–3 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25723655 |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 7 ga Yulin 2014, an ba da Lopes aro ga Lille har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 July 2014 |title=Transfer news: Manchester City midfielder Marcos Lopes joins Lille on loan |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11679/9374865/transfer-news-manchester-city-midfielder-marcos-lopes-joins-lille-on-loan |access-date=22 July 2014 |publisher=[[Sky Sports]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasansa na farko a [[Ligue 1|gasar Ligue 1]] ya faru ne a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, a wasan da suka tashi babu ci a gida da Metz . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 August 2014 |title=French Ligue 1 report: Goalless between Lille and Metz |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/311908/report |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=Sky Sports}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 14 ga Satumba, a wasan da suka doke Nantes da ci 2-0 a filin wasa na Stade Pierre-Mauroy . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 September 2014 |title=Origi inspires Lille to top of the table |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/origi-inspires-lille-to-top-of-the-table.htm |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=[[Ligue 1]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An saka Lopes a cikin tawagar City don rangadin wasannin share fagen kakar wasa a Ostiraliya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 July 2015 |title=Official tour 2015 squad list |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Tour-2015/2015/Official-Manchester-City-Tour-2015-squad-list/1436520345 |access-date=10 July 2015 |publisher=Manchester City F.C. |archive-date=15 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715122441/http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Tour-2015/2015/Official-Manchester-City-Tour-2015-squad-list/1436520345 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, an ƙara masa matsayi zuwa ƙungiyar farko tare da Jason Denayer da [[Kelechi Iheanacho]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 August 2015 |title=.@Jasondenayer, @Rony10Lopes &amp; @67Kelechi on stage now. Three academy graduates promoted to the first team. #citylive |url=https://twitter.com/MCFC/status/629006017259544576 |access-date=7 August 2015 |publisher=[[Twitter]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Monaco ===
A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2015, Lopes ya koma ƙungiyar [[Ligue 1]] ta Monaco kan kuɗi fam miliyan 9, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 August 2015 |title=Lopes joins Monaco |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Team-news/2015/August/Marcos-Lopes-joins-Monaco/1440517269 |access-date=28 August 2015 |publisher=Manchester City F.C. |archive-date=30 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150830010926/http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Team-news/2015/August/Marcos-Lopes-joins-Monaco/1440517269 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ya raba ƙungiyoyi da ɗimbin 'yan ƙasarsa ciki har da manaja Leonardo Jardim . A farkon watan Janairun 2016, an sake ba shi aro ga Lille har zuwa watan Yuni. 

A watan Yulin 2016, wanda har yanzu mallakar Monaco ne, Lopes ya sake rattaba hannu a Lille na tsawon kakar wasa daya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 July 2016 |title=LOSC: Rony Lopes reste à Lille une saison de plus |trans-title=LOSC: Rony Lopes remains at Lille for another season |url=http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/nord-pas-de-calais/losc-rony-lopes-reste-lille-une-saison-de-plus-1044759.html |access-date=12 August 2016 |publisher=[[France 3]] |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan farko na gasar, amma a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Metz da ci 3-2. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 August 2016 |title=Le LOSC s'écroule à Metz |trans-title=LOSC collapse at Metz |url=http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/nord-pas-de-calais/nord/lille/ligue-1-le-losc-s-ecroule-metz-1065455.html |access-date=16 August 2016 |publisher=France 3 |language=fr |archive-date=17 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817102445/http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/nord-pas-de-calais/nord/lille/ligue-1-le-losc-s-ecroule-metz-1065455.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lopes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 2017, lokacin da ya fara shan kashi a hannun Strasbourg a gida da ci 3-0. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 September 2017 |title=Falcao stars as Monaco sweep past Strasbourg |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/falcao-stars-as-monaco-sweep-past-strasbourg.htm |access-date=17 September 2017 |publisher=Ligue 1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fara wasa a karon farko a [[UEFA Champions League|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Beşiktaş]] a wasan rukuni . 

=== Sevilla ===
A ranar 14 ga Agusta 2019, Lopes ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar a [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] ta [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]] ta Spain, inda ya maye gurbin [[Wissam Ben Yedder]] .  A kakarsa ta farko, ya buga wasanni 14 kacal a hukumance. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cáceres |first=Ignacio |date=12 July 2020 |title=Vieira quiere a Rony Lopes en su Niza |trans-title=Vieira wants Rony Lopes in his Nice |url=https://eldesmarque.com/sevilla/sevilla-futbol-club/1214153-vieira-quiere-a-rony-lopes-en-su-niza |access-date=30 July 2020 |publisher=El Desmarque |language=es |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806170229/https://eldesmarque.com/sevilla/sevilla-futbol-club/1214153-vieira-quiere-a-rony-lopes-en-su-niza |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 29 ga Yuli 2020, Lopes ya koma Nice a kan yarjejeniyar aro ta kakar wasa mai zuwa tare da zaɓin siye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 July 2020 |title=Rony Lopes loaned to OGC Nice, with option to buy |url=https://www.ogcnice.com/en/news/40174/rony-lopes-loaned-to-ogc-nice-with-option-to-buy- |access-date=29 July 2020 |publisher=OGC Nice |archive-date=7 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307034001/https://www.ogcnice.com/en/news/40174/rony-lopes-loaned-to-ogc-nice-with-option-to-buy- |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 16 ga Agusta 2021, a wani mataki makamancin haka, ya sanya hannu da Olympiacos . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cholidis |first=Kostas |date=16 August 2021 |title=Ολυμπιακός: Προσγειώθηκε στην Αθήνα ο Ρόνι Λόπες |trans-title=Olympiacos: Rony Lopes landed in Athens |url=https://www.sport24.gr/football/olympiakos-prosgeiothike-stin-athina-o-roni-lopes.9324992.html |access-date=16 August 2021 |publisher=Sport 24 |language=el}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar ta ƙarshe a ranar 4 ga Disamba, a wasan da suka yi da OFI da ci 3-1 a waje. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Konstantopoulos |first=Vassilis |date=4 December 2021 |title=ΟΦΗ – Ολυμπιακός 1–3: Διπλό με… Σισέ-ντερ φορ! (vids) |trans-title=ΟFI – Οlympiacos 1–3: Brace for Cissé! (video) |url=https://www.novasports.gr/sport/podosfairo/event/super-league-1/article/12214123/ofi-olympiakos-1-3-diplo-me-sise-nter-for-vids/ |access-date=4 December 2021 |publisher=Nova Sports |language=el}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lopes ya sake yin wani aro a kakar wasa ta 2022-23, a Troyes a babban rukunin Faransa. 

=== Braga ===
A ranar 2 ga Agusta 2023, Lopes ya sanya hannu a kulob din Primeira Liga Braga kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da kuma canja wurin kyauta, wanda zai iya kaiwa €500,000 ya danganta da sharuddan da aka gindaya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 August 2023 |title=Rony Lopes É Gverreiro! |trans-title=Rony Lopes Is Gverreiro! |url=https://scbraga.pt/rony-lopes-e-gverreiro/ |access-date=2 August 2023 |publisher=S.C. Braga |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a ranar 9 ga Satumba, inda ya bude wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Moreirense da ci 3-2 a waje. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Delgado |first=Evandro |date=9 September 2023 |title=Braga vence Moreirense com golo aos 90+6 e sobe ao 7.º lugar |trans-title=Braga beat Moreirense with 90+6 goal and climb to 7th place |url=https://desporto.sapo.pt/futebol/primeira-liga/artigos/braga-vence-moreirense-em-jogo-com-duas-reviravoltas-e-sobe-ao-7-o-posto |access-date=21 April 2024 |publisher=[[SAPO (company)|SAPO]] |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Daga baya aiki ===
A ranar 16 ga Agusta 2024, bayan ya yanke alaƙarsa da Braga, wanda har yanzu yana da haƙƙin samun kashi 10% na duk wani canja wuri na gaba, Lopes ya amince da yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Alanyaspor na Turkish [[Süper Lig]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 August 2024 |title=OFICIAL: Rony Lopes deixa Sp. Braga e ruma à Turquia |trans-title=OFFICIAL: Rony Lopes leaves Sp. Braga and heads to Turkey |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/made-in/rony-lopes/oficial-rony-lopes-deixa-sp-braga-e-ruma-a-turquia |access-date=9 August 2025 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin canja wurin 'yan wasa da ke tafe, ya koma Portugal a matsayin aro na watanni biyar a Farense . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 February 2025 |title=OFICIAL: Farense anuncia contratação de Rony Lopes |trans-title=OFFICIAL: Farense announce signing of Rony Lopes |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/liga/farense/oficial-farense-anuncia-contratacao-de-rony-lopes |access-date=9 August 2025 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lopes ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin manyan 'yan wasan Portugal a kakar wasa ta 2025–26, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da Tondela . 

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Lopes ya zaɓi wakiltar Portugal a ƙasashen duniya, &lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite web |last=Teixeira |first=Nuno R. |date=27 August 2014 |title=Marcos Lopes quer representar Portugal no Mundial sub-20 (com fotos) |trans-title=Marcos Lopes wants to represent Portugal at the under-20 World Cup (with pictures) |url=https://relvado.sapo.pt/seleccao/galeria/marcos-lopes-quer-representar-portugal-no-mundial-sub-20-com-fotos-499106 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085110/http://relvado.sapo.pt/seleccao/galeria/marcos-lopes-quer-representar-portugal-no-mundial-sub-20-com-fotos-499106 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=Relvado |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya lashe wasanni a kowane matakin matasa.  Ya bayyana tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2015, inda ya buga dukkan wasannin da aka yi a [[New Zealand]] kuma ya taimaka wa ƙasarsa ta kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 June 2015 |title=Brazil through as profligate Portugal pay the penalty |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/matches/round=271598/match=300269537/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616174100/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/matches/round=271598/match=300269537/match-report.html |archive-date=16 June 2015 |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=FIFA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 5 ga Janairun 2014, Lopes har yanzu yana da shekaru 18, ya fara buga wasa da 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21, inda ya buga kusan mintuna 20 a wasan da suka doke Macedonia da ci 2-0 a gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA ta 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Santos |first=Carlos Jorge |date=5 March 2014 |title=Perfect Portugal dispatch FYROM |url=https://www.uefa.com/under21/news/0257-0ded0c0f1fc3-1f2832299780-1000/ |access-date=5 May 2022 |publisher=UEFA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fara bayyana a matsayin cikakken ɗan wasa a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 2017, inda ya maye gurbin Gonçalo Guedes a ƙarshen rabin na biyu na wasan sada zumunci da suka tashi 1-1 da Amurka . 

An sanya sunan Lopes a cikin jerin 'yan wasa 35 na farko da za su fafata a [[Kofin kwallon kafar duniya ta 2018|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2018]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 May 2018 |title=Revealed: Every World Cup 2018 squad – 23-man &amp; preliminary lists &amp; when will they be announced? |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/revealed-every-world-cup-2018-squad-23-man-preliminary-lists/oa0atsduflsv1nsf6oqk576rb |access-date=17 May 2018 |publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; amma bai shiga jerin 'yan wasa na karshe ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 May 2018 |title=Nearly half Portugal's Euro squad to miss World Cup |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/portugal-world-cup-squad |access-date=17 May 2018 |publisher=[[Special Broadcasting Service]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƙididdigar aiki ==

=== Kulob ===
{{Updated|match played 16 May 2026}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Club
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Season
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |League
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Coupe de France]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Greek Football Cup]], [[Taça de Portugal]]}}
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[Football League Cup]], [[Coupe de la Ligue]], [[Taça da Liga]]}}
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Other
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]
|2012–13
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Premier League]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1
|1
|-
|2013–14
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1
|0
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|4
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!0
!0
!2
!1
!3
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!5
!1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Lille (loan)
|2014–15
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Ligue 1]]
|23
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1
|0
|3{{Efn|Two appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]], one appearance in [[UEFA Europa League]]}}
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|27
|3
|-
|2015–16&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot;&gt;{{Soccerway|marcos-paulo-mesquita-lopes/214882}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|12
|2
|1
|1
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|16
|3
|-
|2016–17&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot; /&gt;
|25
|4
|2
|2
|0
|0
|2{{Efn|Appearances in UEFA Europa League}}
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|29
|6
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!60
!9
!3
!3
!4
!0
!5
!0
!0
!0
!72
!12
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Monaco
|2015–16&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot; /&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ligue 1
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2
|0
|-
|2017–18&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot; /&gt;
|38
|15
|2
|1
|4
|0
|5{{Efn|Appearances in UEFA Champions League}}
|1
|1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Trophée des Champions]]}}
|0
|50
|17
|-
|2018–19&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot; /&gt;
|24
|2
|2
|0
|2
|2
|0
|0
|1[f]
|0
|29
|4
|-
|2019–20&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot; /&gt;
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!65
!17
!4
!1
!6
!2
!5
!1
!2
!0
!82
!21
|-
|[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]]
|2019–20&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot; /&gt;
|[[La Liga]]
|5
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|7[d]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|14
|0
|-
|Nice (loan)
|2020–21&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot; /&gt;
|Ligue 1
|28
|3
|1
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|4[d]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|33
|5
|-
|Olympiacos
|2021–22&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot; /&gt;
|Super League Greece
|18
|3
|3
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|6[d]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|27
|4
|-
|Troyes (loan)
|2022–23
|Ligue 1
|32
|7
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|32
|7
|-
|Braga
|2023–24
|Primeira Liga
|23
|2
|3
|2
|2
|0
|4{{Efn|Three appearances in UEFA Champions League, one appearance in UEFA Europa League}}
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|32
|4
|-
|Alanyaspor
|2024–25
|[[Süper Lig]]
|15
|0
|3
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|18
|1
|-
|Farense (loan)
|2024–25
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Primeira Liga
|14
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|14
|1
|-
|Tondela
|2025–26
|16
|4
|1
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|18
|4
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Career total
!276
!46
!22
!10
!16
!2
!31
!1
!2
!0
!347
!59
|}
{{Notelist}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Bayyanar da kwallayen da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta zura da kuma shekarar da ta gabata 
! Tawagar ƙasa
! Shekara
! Manhajoji
! Ƙwallaye
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Portugal
| 2017
| 1
| 0
|-
| 2018
| 1
| 0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Jimilla
! 2
! 0
|}

== Daraja ==
'''Manchester City'''

* Kofin Gasar Kwallon Kafa : 2013–14 &lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot;&gt;{{Soccerway|marcos-paulo-mesquita-lopes/214882}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar cin kofin FA : 2012–13 &lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot; /&gt;

'''Lille'''

* Coupe de la Ligue : 2015-16 &lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot;&gt;{{Soccerway|marcos-paulo-mesquita-lopes/214882}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Monaco'''

* Coupe de la Ligue: 2017-18 &lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot;&gt;{{Soccerway|marcos-paulo-mesquita-lopes/214882}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Trophée des Champions : 2017, 2018 &lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot; /&gt;

'''Sevilla'''

* Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA : 2019–20 &lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot;&gt;{{Soccerway|marcos-paulo-mesquita-lopes/214882}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Olympiakos'''

* Gasar Super League ta Girka : 2021–22 

'''Braga'''

* Taca da Liga : 2023-24 

'''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Yan ƙasa da shekara 19 a Portugal'''

* Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA : 2014 &lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot;&gt;{{Soccerway|marcos-paulo-mesquita-lopes/214882}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* Rony Lopes at ForaDeJogo (archived) 
* Rony Lopes at Soccerbase 
* Rony Lopes at L'Équipe Football (in French)
* Rony Lopes national team profile at the Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese)
* {{NFT player|69389}}
* {{FIFA player|385022}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shymkent</title>
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{{Databox|Q485496}}

'''Shymkent''' ({{Lang-kk|Шымкент}}; har zuwa shekarar 1992 ana rubuta sunan a hukumance da '''Chimkent''' a harshen Rasha) birni ne da ke kudancin [[Kazakistan]], kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin birane uku masu matsayi na jamhuriya a ƙasar tare da [[Astana]] da [[Almaty]]. Shymkent yana zama sashe na musamman na gudanarwa da ƙasa, don haka ba ya cikin Yankin Turkistan da yake kewaye da shi. Birnin ya sami matsayin birni mai muhimmanci na jamhuriya a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;decree2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.akorda.kz/ru/legal_acts/decrees/o-nekotoryh-voprosah-administrativno-territorialnogo-ustroistva-respubliki-kazahstan |title=Wasu batutuwa game da tsarin gudanarwa da yankunan Jamhuriyar Kazakistan |date=2018-06-19 |publisher=Shafin hukuma na Shugaban Jamhuriyar Kazakistan |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya zuwa 1 ga Yuni 2026, birnin yana da mazauna 1,308,120; ta fuskar yawan jama'a Shymkent shi ne birni na uku a Kazakistan bayan Almaty da Astana.&lt;ref name=&quot;population2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/341320/file/ru/ |title=Yawan jama'ar Jamhuriyar Kazakistan a ranar 1 ga Yuni 2026 |date=2026-07-01 |format=XLSX |publisher=Ofishin Kididdiga na Ƙasa na Hukumar Tsare-tsare da Sauye-sauye ta Jamhuriyar Kazakistan |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Faɗin yankin gudanarwar birnin ya kai kilomita murabba'i 1,163.&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent/documents/details/572558?lang=ru |title=Shirin raya birnin Shymkent na shekarun 2021—2025 |date=2023-12-21 |publisher=Gwamnatin birnin Shymkent |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shymkent yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin masana'antu, cinikayya, sufuri, ilimi da al'adu na kudancin ƙasar. Masana'antun sarrafawa, cinikayya, gine-gine, sufuri da hidimomi suna da muhimmiyar rawa a tattalin arzikinsa; musamman matatar mai, masana'antar magunguna, sarrafa abinci da kera kayan gini.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/ |title=Birnin Shymkent: taƙaitattun sakamakon ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arzikin yankin |publisher=Ofishin Kididdiga na Ƙasa na Hukumar Tsare-tsare da Sauye-sauye ta Jamhuriyar Kazakistan |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Binciken kayan tarihi da aka yi a tsohon mazaunin da ke cibiyar tarihi ya gano tarin shimfiɗar al'adu mai kauri har zuwa mita 14; tukwane daga matakan ƙasa sun kasance daga ƙarshen ƙarni na uku zuwa farkon ƙarni na biyu kafin haihuwar Yesu. Bisa wannan, ana ƙiyasta cewa mazaunin birnin ya kai aƙalla shekaru 2,200.&lt;ref name=&quot;archaeology&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent-turizm/press/news/details/60485?lang=ru |title=Tsohon mazaunin Shymkent |publisher=Sashen yawon buɗe ido, hulɗar waje da masana'antun kirkire-kirkire na birnin Shymkent |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, ƙayyadadden shekarun mazaunin ta hanyar kayan tarihi ba daidai yake da ranar da aka fara ambaton sunan a rubuce ba: sunan ya bayyana a cikin ''Zafarnama'' na Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi, wanda aka rubuta a ƙarni na 15 yana bayyana abubuwan da suka faru a shekarun 1365—1366.&lt;ref name=&quot;zafar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent-turizm/press/news/details/72607?lang=ru |title=Dalilai bakwai na ziyartar Shymkent |publisher=Sashen yawon buɗe ido, hulɗar waje da masana'antun kirkire-kirkire na birnin Shymkent |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Asalin suna ==

Wata fassara da aka fi sani tana danganta sunan birnin da kalmomin ''chim'' ko ''shym'', masu nufin “ciyawar ƙasa”, “ciyawa”, “makiyaya” ko “wuri mai kore”, da kuma ''kent'', wato “birni” ko “mazauni”. Bisa wannan fahimta, sunan yana iya nufin “birni mai kore”, “birni a tsakiyar makiyaya” ko “birni mai bunƙasa”. Ƙarin ''-kent'', wanda ya samo asali daga tsohuwar al'adar sunayen wurare ta Iran, yana bayyana a sunayen wurare da yawa na Asiya ta Tsakiya, ciki har da [[Tashkent]], Zharkent da Mankent.&lt;ref name=&quot;investintro&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://shymkent.invest.gov.kz/ru/doing-business-here/intro/ |title=Birnin Shymkent: cikakken bayani |publisher=Kamfanin ƙasa Kazakh Invest |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A majiyoyin harshen Rasha na ƙarnuka na 19 da 20, rubutun '''Chimkent''' ya zama ruwan dare. A shekarar 1914 an sake wa birnin suna '''Chernyaev''' don girmama Janar Mikhail Chernyaev, wanda ya jagoranci sojojin Rasha wajen karɓar birnin a 1864. A shekarar 1924 an maido da tsohon sunan. Ta hanyar ƙudurin Shugabancin Majalisar Koli ta Jamhuriyar Kazakistan na 8 ga Satumba 1992, an daidaita rubutun sunan a harshen Rasha zuwa '''Shymkent'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;rename1992&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920001800_ |title=Game da sauya suna da daidaita rubutun sunayen wasu sassan gudanarwa da yankuna na Jamhuriyar Kazakistan a harshen Rasha |date=1992-09-08 |publisher=Tsarin bayanan doka na “Adilet” |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Zamanin da da Tsakiyar Zamani ===

Mutane sun zauna a yankin Shymkent na yau tun zamanin da. Tsohon mazaunin yana cikin cibiyar tarihi ta birnin, kuma faɗinsa kusan hekta 4.5 ne. Haƙa ƙasa da masana daga Cibiyar Kayan Tarihi ta A. H. Margulan da Jami'ar Kudancin Kazakistan ta M. O. Auezov suka gudanar, sun gano jerin shimfiɗar al'adu na zamanin da, farkon Tsakiyar Zamani da ƙarshen Tsakiyar Zamani.&lt;ref name=&quot;archaeology&quot;/&gt;

Ci gaban mazaunin ya danganta da matsayinsa a ƙasan tsaunukan yammacin [[Tian Shan]], a kan hanyoyin da suka haɗa kwarin Syr Darya, wuraren noma na Mawarannahr da filayen Kazakistan. A kusa da shi akwai Sayram, wanda marubutan Tsakiyar Zamani suka sani da Ispijab, kuma ya kasance babbar cibiyar kan hanyoyin Hanyar Siliki.

An ambaci sunan Shymkent a cikin ''Zafarnama'' na Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi yayin bayanin abubuwan da suka faru a 1365—1366. A lokuta daban-daban birnin da kewayensa sun shiga ƙarƙashin tasirin daulolin Asiya ta Tsakiya, ciki har da Timuridawa da Daular Kazakh. A ƙarnuka na 17 da 18, yaƙe-yaƙen Kazakh da Dzungar sun shafi yankin; daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 18 zuwa rabin farko na ƙarni na 19, Daular Kokand da Masarautar Bukhara sun yi takara kan biranen kudancin Kazakistan.

=== Daular Kokand da Daular Rasha ===

A farkon ƙarni na 19, Shymkent ya shiga cikin Daular Kokand. Kusan shekarar 1810 an mayar da birnin sansanin soja da cibiyar gudanarwa mai katanga. Kagarar tana kan wani tudu a tsakiyar mazaunin, tana kuma sa ido kan hanyoyin da suka haɗa Tashkent, Turkistan da yankunan ƙasan tsaunuka.

A watan Satumba 1864 sojojin Rasha suka karɓi Chimkent. Daga baya birnin ya zama cibiyar gunduma a Yankin Syr-Darya na Babban Gwamnatin Turkistan.&lt;ref name=&quot;history1864&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://auezov.edu.kz/media/attachments/2022/03/24/5-..-25-29.pdf |title=Masu binciken Rasha game da birnin Shymkent |publisher=Jami'ar Kudancin Kazakistan ta M. O. Auezov |format=PDF |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin juyin juya halin Rasha, tattalin arzikin birnin ya dogara ne kan cinikayya, sana'o'in hannu da sarrafa amfanin gona. A shekarun 1880 an kafa masana'antar samar da santonin daga wani nau'in ciyawar ''Artemisia cina'', wadda ta zama tushen masana'antar magunguna ta Shymkent ta zamani. Gina layin dogo a farkon ƙarni na 20 ya ƙara muhimmancin birnin a matsayin cibiyar cinikayya da sufuri.

=== Zamanin Tarayyar Soviet ===

Bayan kafa mulkin Soviet, birnin ya kasance bi-da-bi a cikin Jamhuriyar Soviet mai cin gashin kanta ta Turkistan, Jamhuriyar Soviet mai cin gashin kanta ta Kazakh da Jamhuriyar Soviet ta Kazakh. A shekarar 1924 an maido wa birnin Chernyaev sunan Chimkent. A 1932 ya zama cibiyar gudanarwa ta sabon Yankin Kudancin Kazakistan.&lt;ref name=&quot;museumhistory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://museum.bhost.kz/index.php/ru/about-uko/history-uko/26-o-yuko/162-history-of-uko-part1 |title=Tarihin Yankin Kudancin Kazakistan tun farkon ƙarni na 20 |publisher=Gidan tarihin tarihi da al'adun gargajiya na Yankin Kudancin Kazakistan |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A lokacin bunƙasa masana'antu, an gina ko faɗaɗa masana'antun ƙarafa marasa baƙin ƙarfe, sinadarai da magunguna, mai da kitse, abinci da masana'antar tufafi. Manyan masana'antun sun haɗa da masana'antar gubar Chimkent da masana'antar sinadarai da magunguna. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], an kwashe masana'antu da hukumomi daga yammacin Tarayyar Soviet zuwa Chimkent; birnin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin masana'antu na bayan fage.

A shekarun bayan yaƙi, yawan jama'a da faɗin Chimkent sun karu da sauri. An gina sababbin unguwannin zama, masana'antun injina da kayan gini, da cibiyoyin ilimi da lafiya. A shekarun 1980 aka fara aiki da Matatar Man Shymkent.

=== Kazakistan mai cin gashin kanta ===

Bayan Kazakistan ta ayyana 'yancin kai, Shymkent ya ci gaba da kasancewa babbar cibiyar tattalin arzikin kudancin ƙasar. A shekarar 1992 an canja rubutun sunan birnin na Rasha daga Chimkent zuwa Shymkent.&lt;ref name=&quot;rename1992&quot;/&gt;

A shekarar 2014 an faɗaɗa iyakokin gudanarwar birnin sosai ta hanyar haɗa filaye da ƙauyukan gundumomin da ke kusa. A wannan shekarar aka kafa gundumar birni ta huɗu, wadda daga baya aka ba ta suna Karatau.&lt;ref name=&quot;district2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V14UA002836 |title=Kafa gunduma ta huɗu da ƙayyade iyakokin gundumomin birnin Shymkent |date=2014-10-07 |publisher=Tsarin bayanan doka na “Adilet” |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 19 ga Yuni 2018, an sanya Shymkent cikin rukunin birane masu matsayi na jamhuriya. An mayar da cibiyar gudanarwar Yankin Kudancin Kazakistan zuwa [[Turkistan]], sannan aka sauya sunan yankin zuwa Yankin Turkistan.&lt;ref name=&quot;decree2018&quot;/&gt; A shekarar 2022 aka kafa gundumar gudanarwa ta biyar, wato Turan.&lt;ref name=&quot;turan2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V22E0029189 |title=Kafa sabuwar gunduma a birnin Shymkent da ba ta suna “Turan” |date=2022-08-12 |publisher=Tsarin bayanan doka na “Adilet” |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Labarin ƙasa ==

=== Matsayin ƙasa ===

Shymkent yana kudancin Kazakistan, a filin ƙasan tsaunukan yammacin [[Tian Shan]], ba da nisa sosai daga iyakar [[Uzbekistan]] ba. Birnin yana kan tsohuwar da sabuwar hanyar sufuri da ke haɗa Tashkent, Turkistan, Taraz da Almaty. Yankin gudanarwarsa ya kai hekta 116,300, ko kilomita murabba'i 1,163.&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt;

Manyan hanyoyin ruwa su ne kogunan Badam da Koshkarata tare da reshen Karasu. Birnin yana da magudanan ruwa tara masu tsawon kusan kilomita 91 gaba ɗaya, ciki har da Badam, Shymkent, Yangichek, Tekesu da Koshkarata. Faɗin gandun daji na gwamnati da korayen wurare ya kai hekta 5,332.7.&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt;

=== Yanayi ===

Yanayin Shymkent na nahiya ne, da dogon lokacin zafi mai tsanani da kuma hunturu mai sauƙi idan aka kwatanta da sauran sassan Kazakistan. Yawancin ruwan sama yana sauka ne a rabin shekarar da ke da sanyi da kuma bazara, yayin da lokacin zafi yakan kasance busasshe. Kamfanin “Kazhydromet” yana lissafa ƙa'idodin yanayin birnin bisa bayanan shekarun 1991—2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;climate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.kazhydromet.kz/ru/klimat/shymkent |title=Halayen yanayin Shymkent |publisher=Kamfanin gwamnati “Kazhydromet” |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin gudanarwa ==

An raba Shymkent zuwa gundumomin gudanarwa guda biyar: Abay, Al-Farabi, Enbekshi, Karatau da Turan.&lt;ref name=&quot;akimat&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent?lang=ru |title=Gwamnatin birnin Shymkent |publisher=Haɗaɗɗiyar dandalin intanet na hukumomin gwamnati na Jamhuriyar Kazakistan |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bisa sabuwar ƙiyasta a farkon 2026, yawan jama'ar gundumomin ya kasance kamar haka:&lt;ref name=&quot;ethnos2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/348012/file/ru/ |title=Yawan jama'ar Jamhuriyar Kazakistan bisa wasu ƙabilu a farkon 2026, takardar “Birnin Shymkent” |date=2026-03-27 |format=XLSX |publisher=Ofishin Kididdiga na Ƙasa na Hukumar Tsare-tsare da Sauye-sauye ta Jamhuriyar Kazakistan |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Gunduma
! Yawan jama'a a farkon 2026
|-
| Abay
| 259,325
|-
| Al-Farabi
| 262,566
|-
| Enbekshi
| 206,679
|-
| Karatau
| 334,139
|-
| Turan
| 231,341
|}

Shugaban ɓangaren zartarwa na birnin shi ne akim. Gabit Abdimazhitovich Syzdykbekov ne yake riƙe da mukamin akim na Shymkent.&lt;ref name=&quot;akimat&quot;/&gt;

== Yawan jama'a ==

A farkon shekarar 2026, birnin yana da mutane 1,294,050; zuwa 1 ga Yuni 2026 adadin ya karu zuwa 1,308,120.&lt;ref name=&quot;ethnos2026&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;population2026&quot;/&gt; Bisa faɗin kilomita murabba'i 1,163, yawan jama'a ya kai kusan mutane 1,125 a kowace kilomita murabba'i.

Daga Janairu zuwa Mayu 2026, ƙaruwar jama'a ta halitta ta kai mutane 8,287: an haifi mutane 10,261, yayin da mutane 1,974 suka mutu. Ma'aunin ƙaura ya kasance mai kyau da mutane 5,783, ciki har da 5,687 daga ƙaura a cikin ƙasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;/&gt;

=== Rukunin ƙabilu ===

Shymkent birni ne mai ƙabilu da yawa. Bisa sabuwar ƙiyasta ta Ofishin Kididdiga na Ƙasa a farkon 2026, manyan ƙabilun sun kasance:&lt;ref name=&quot;ethnos2026&quot;/&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Ƙabila
! Yawan mutane
! Kashi, %
|-
| Kazakhawa
| 929,724
| 71.85
|-
| Uzbekawa
| 203,098
| 15.69
|-
| Rashawa
| 74,404
| 5.75
|-
| Azerbaijanawa
| 23,814
| 1.84
|-
| Tatarawa
| 11,346
| 0.88
|-
| Sauran ƙabilu
| 51,664
| 3.99
|}

Harshen hukuma shi ne [[Harshen Kazakh|Kazakh]]. A hukumomin gwamnati da na ƙananan hukumomi, ana amfani da harshen Rasha a hukumance tare da Kazakh bisa Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Kazakistan. A rayuwar yau da kullum, wani muhimmin ɓangare na jama'a yana amfani da [[Harshen Uzbek|Uzbek]].

== Tattalin arziki ==

Shymkent yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin masana'antu da cinikayya na Kazakistan. Masana'antun sarrafawa, cinikayyar jumla da ta sayarwa kai tsaye, gine-gine, sufuri, ajiyar kaya da sauran hidimomi suna da babban matsayi a tsarin tattalin arzikinsa.

Daga Janairu zuwa Maris 2026, jimillar kayan da hidimomin yankin ta kai tiriliyan tenge 1.352; haƙiƙanin bunƙasa idan aka kwatanta da makamancin lokacin 2025 ya kai kashi 8.9. Hidimomi sun samar da kashi 61.6 na jimillar, yayin da samar da kayayyaki ya kai kashi 30.1.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;/&gt;

Daga Janairu zuwa Yuni 2026, ƙimar samar da masana'antu ta kai biliyan tenge 817.46, wato ta karu da kashi 11 a shekara. Samarwa a masana'antun sarrafawa ya karu da kashi 9.6. Ayyukan gine-gine sun kai biliyan tenge 136.26, yayin da aka kammala gidaje masu faɗin murabba'in mita dubu 558.6. Cinikayyar sayarwa kai tsaye ta kai biliyan tenge 628.47. Zuba jari a manyan kadarori ya kai biliyan tenge 308.38.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;/&gt;

Masana'antun gargajiya sun haɗa da tace mai, magunguna, samar da abinci da abin sha, saka da ɗinki, kera injina, ƙarafa da kayan gini. A birnin akwai Matatar Man Shymkent, masana'antun magunguna, siminti, abinci da masana'antar tufafi. Ana raya Yankin Tattalin Arziki na Musamman “Ontustik”, yankunan masana'antu da kayayyakin aikin sufuri da dabarun kaya.

Ya zuwa 1 ga Yuli 2026, an yi rajistar hukumomin shari'a 29,410 a Shymkent, daga cikinsu 24,907 suna aiki; yawancin ƙungiyoyin da ke aiki ƙananan kamfanoni ne.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;/&gt;

== Sufuri ==

Shymkent babban mahadar sufuri ne a kudancin Kazakistan. Hanyoyin mota na ƙasa da ƙasa da na tsakanin yankuna, Tashkent — Shymkent — Taraz — Almaty da Tashkent — Shymkent — Turkistan — Samara, suna ratsawa ta cikin birnin ko kusa da shi. Haka kuma akwai babban layin dogo da ke haɗa Tashkent, Arys, Taraz da Almaty.&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt;

=== Sufurin cikin birni ===

Motocin bas su ne ginshiƙin sufurin jama'a. Faɗaɗa yankin birnin bayan 2014 ya sa aka inganta manyan tituna da hanyoyin haɗa sababbin unguwannin zama. Ana biyan kuɗin tafiya ta hanyoyin lantarki da katunan sufuri.

=== Sufurin jirgin ƙasa ===

Tashar Shymkent tana kula da fasinjoji da kaya a layin Tashkent — Arys — Taraz — Almaty. A yammacin birnin akwai babbar tashar haɗin layuka ta Arys I, wadda ke haɗa hanyoyi zuwa Turkistan, Kyzylorda da yankunan arewacin Kazakistan.

=== Sufurin sama ===

Filin jirgin saman Shymkent na ƙasa da ƙasa yana kula da jiragen cikin gida da na ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma shi ne babban sansanin kamfanin jiragen sama na SCAT Airlines. An buɗe sabon ginin fasinjoji a ranar 25 ga Disamba 2024. Faɗinsa ya kai murabba'in mita dubu 40, kuma bayan buɗewarsa ƙiyasin ƙarfin filin jirgin ya karu daga fasinjoji dubu 800 zuwa miliyan 6 a shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;airporthub&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/transport/press/news/details/1055087?lang=ru |title=Filayen jiragen sama na Astana, Almaty, Shymkent da Aktobe za su zama cibiyoyin sufuri iri-iri na matakin duniya |publisher=Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Jamhuriyar Kazakistan |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2025 an buɗe jirage kai tsaye daga Shymkent zuwa wasu birane a Turai, Gabashin Asiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Shirin raya filin jirgin ya haɗa da gina sabon titin sauka da tashin jirage mai tsawon kilomita 3.5 da kafa cibiyar sufuri da dabarun kaya mai haɗa hanyoyi da dama.&lt;ref name=&quot;airroutes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/transport/press/news/details/1004307?lang=ru |title=Sabuwar cibiyar jiragen sama: an buɗe jirage kai tsaye daga Shymkent zuwa Turai da Asiya |publisher=Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Jamhuriyar Kazakistan |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;airporthub&quot;/&gt;

== Ilimi da kimiyya ==

Shymkent babbar cibiyar ilimi ce a kudancin Kazakistan. Akwai makarantun yara, makarantun firamare da sakandare, cibiyoyin fasaha da sana'o'i, jami'o'i da karatun digiri na gaba. Kididdigar hukuma ta yankin tana wallafa bayanai dabam-dabam game da yawan jami'o'i, ɗalibai, masu karatun digiri na biyu da na uku, malamai da cibiyoyin bincike da bunƙasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;educationstats&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/dynamic-tables/1473/ |title=Jerin bayanai masu sauyawa: ilimi, kimiyya da kirkire-kirkire a birnin Shymkent |publisher=Ofishin Kididdiga na Ƙasa na Hukumar Tsare-tsare da Sauye-sauye ta Jamhuriyar Kazakistan |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Manyan jami'o'in sun haɗa da:

* Jami'ar Bincike ta Kudancin Kazakistan ta M. O. Auezov — jami'a mai fannoni da yawa wadda take da matsayin jami'ar bincike;&lt;ref name=&quot;auezov&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://auezov.edu.kz/rus/ |title=Jami'ar Bincike ta Kudancin Kazakistan ta Mukhtar Auezov |publisher=Jami'ar M. O. Auezov |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Makarantar Likitanci ta Kudancin Kazakistan, wadda take horar da ƙwararru a fannin likitanci da magunguna;&lt;ref name=&quot;skma&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://skma.edu.kz/ |title=Makarantar Likitanci ta Kudancin Kazakistan |publisher=SKMA |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Jami'ar Koyarwa ta Kudancin Kazakistan ta Özbekäli Zhanibekov, wadda ta ƙware wajen horar da malamai.&lt;ref name=&quot;zhanibekov&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.zhanibekov.edu.kz/ |title=Jami'ar Koyarwa ta Kudancin Kazakistan ta Özbekäli Zhanibekov |publisher=Zhanibekov University |lang=kk |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haka kuma akwai Jami'ar Shymkent, Jami'ar Miras, Jami'ar Kirkire-kirkire ta Asiya ta Tsakiya da sauran manyan makarantu. A shekarar 2026 ana ci gaba da shirya aikin kafa Jami'ar Al'adu da Fasaha ta musamman bisa sashen da ya dace na Jami'ar M. O. Auezov.&lt;ref name=&quot;cultureuni&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mam/press/news/details/1200906?lang=ru |title=Jami'ar al'adu da fasaha da sabon gidan wasan opera da ballet: manyan ayyuka biyu a Shymkent |publisher=Ma'aikatar Al'adu da Bayanai ta Jamhuriyar Kazakistan |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kiwon lafiya ==

Shymkent yana aiki a matsayin babbar cibiyar lafiya ga kudancin Kazakistan. Birnin yana da asibitoci da cibiyoyin lafiya na fannoni da yawa, cibiyoyin haihuwa, bincike, zuciya, sankara da cututtuka masu yaɗuwa, tashoshin agajin gaggawa, asibitoci masu zaman kansu da dakunan gwaje-gwajen likitanci. Ilimin likitanci da ƙwarewar birnin a magunguna suna da alaƙa da Makarantar Likitanci ta Kudancin Kazakistan da masana'antun magunguna.

== Al'adu ==

A birnin akwai ƙungiyoyin wasan kwaikwayo na Kazakh, Rasha da Uzbek, gidajen tarihi, ɗakunan karatu, ƙungiyoyin kide-kide, wuraren baje koli, gidan circus da ƙungiyoyin kirkire-kirkire. Manyan gidajen wasan kwaikwayo sun haɗa da Gidan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Kazakh na Jami'a mai suna Zhumat Shanin, Gidan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Rasha, Gidan Opera da Ballet, Gidan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Uzbek da Gidan Wasan Tsana da Matasa na birni.

Cibiyar gidajen tarihi ta haɗa da tarin tarihi da na fasaha, gidan tarihin waɗanda aka zalunta saboda siyasa, gidan tarihin al'adu da bukukuwa, da kuma baje kolin rukunin tarihi da al'adu na “Shymqala”.

A shekarar 2020 Shymkent ya shiga shirin ƙasashe da yawa na “Manyan Birane na Al'adu na Commonwealth” a matsayin babban birnin al'adu na CIS. A wannan shekarar kuma an yi bikin cika shekaru 2,200 na birnin, wanda aka sanya cikin kalandar ranakun tunawa ta UNESCO.&lt;ref name=&quot;cisculture&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.mfgs-sng.org/news/shymkent-otkryl-programmu--kul-turnaja-stolitsa-sng--0-0-/ |title=Shymkent ya buɗe shirin “Babban Birnin Al'adu na CIS — 2020” |date=2020-06-20 |publisher=Asusun haɗin gwiwar jin kai na ƙasashen CIS |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wuraren tarihi da yawon buɗe ido ==

Babban wurin tarihi na birnin shi ne rukunin “Shymqala”, wanda aka kafa a kan tsohon mazaunin da tsohuwar kagarar Kokand. Ya haɗa da wuraren binciken kayan tarihi, katangar kariya da aka sake ginawa, wuraren baje kolin tarihi da dandamalin kallon birni.&lt;ref name=&quot;archaeology&quot;/&gt;

Sanannun wurare da filayen jama'a sun haɗa da Dandalin Ordabasy, abin tunawa na “Zher-Ana”, Filin Shakatawa na 'Yanci, abin tunawa na Baidibek-bi, Filin Shakatawa na Abay, Lambun itatuwa na Asanbay Askarov, Gidan namun daji na Shymkent, Arbat, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da hanyar yawo a gefen Koshkarata, masallatai, cocin Orthodox da tsofaffin gine-ginen tarihi da suka rage.

Shymkent yana zama wurin farawa don tafiye-tafiye zuwa Sayram, Gandun Dajin Ƙasa na Sayram-Ugam, Wurin Kare Halittu na Aksu-Zhabagly, Turkistan, Otrar da sauran wuraren halitta, tarihi da al'adu na kudancin Kazakistan.

== Gine-gine da tsara birane ==

Tsarin birnin ya haɗa tsohuwar cibiyar da ke kewaye da kagara da tsoffin unguwannin kasuwanci, gidajen zamanin Soviet da sababbin unguwannin dogayen gine-gine. Bayan faɗaɗa iyakokin gudanarwa a 2014, babban ɓangaren gina gidaje da kayayyakin more rayuwa ya koma arewa, yamma da arewa maso yammacin birnin. Ana raya unguwannin zama da kasuwanci na Turan, Shymkent City, Bozaryk, Tassay da sauransu.

Daga Janairu zuwa Yuni 2026, an kammala gidaje masu faɗin murabba'in mita dubu 558.6, ciki har da murabba'in mita dubu 445 a gine-ginen gidaje masu iyalai da yawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;/&gt; Ci gaban tsara birane yana tafiya tare da gina sababbin tituna, hanyoyin ruwa da lantarki, makarantu, cibiyoyin lafiya da wuraren al'adu.

== Wasanni ==

Ana bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafa, dambe, kokawa, ɗaga nauyi, motsa jiki, wasan tennis, iyo da tseren keke a Shymkent. Babban kulob ɗin ƙwallon ƙafa na maza shi ne FC Ordabasy, wanda ya lashe gasar Kazakistan a karon farko a 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;ordabasy2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://orda.kz/ordabasy-vpervye-stal-chempionom-kazahstana-378076/ |title=Ordabasy ya zama zakaran ƙwallon ƙafa na Kazakistan a karon farko |date=2023-10-23 |publisher=Orda.kz |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kulob ɗin mata na BIIK-Shymkent ya lashe gasar ƙasar sau da yawa kuma ya halarci gasannin kulob na Turai.&lt;ref name=&quot;biik2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://kff.kz/ru/news/25518 |title=BIIK-Shymkent — zakaran Kazakistan na 2023 a tsakanin ƙungiyoyin mata |publisher=Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Kazakistan |lang=ru |access-date=2026-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Manyan wuraren wasanni sun haɗa da Babban Filin Wasa na Khadzhimukan Munaitpasov, rukunin wasannin motsa jiki, manyan ɗakunan wasanni, cibiyoyin tennis da wuraren iyo.

== Muhalli da samar da korayen wurare ==

Batutuwan muhalli na birnin sun haɗa da rage hayakin masana'antu da na ababen hawa, sabunta kayayyakin more rayuwa na jama'a, tsaftace ruwan sharar gida, kula da shara mai ƙarfi da kiyaye korayen wurare. Shirye-shiryen raya birnin sun tanadi samar da iskar gas, sabunta sufurin jama'a, gyaran magudanan koguna da rafuka, dasa itatuwa da faɗaɗa koren zobe.&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt;

Tsarin maɓuɓɓugan Koshkarata da Karasu, kwarin Badam, lambun itatuwa da korayen wurare masu faɗin sama da hekta dubu 5.3 suna da muhimmanci na musamman ga halitta da nishaɗi.&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt;

== Garuruwan tagwaye ==

Shymkent yana da dangantakar 'yan uwantaka da haɗin gwiwa da garuruwa masu zuwa:

* [[Mogilev]] ([[Belarus]]);
* [[Stevenage]] ([[Birtaniya]]) — tun 1990;
* [[Acharnes]] ([[Girka]]);
* [[Izmir]] ([[Turkiyya]]) — tun 2004;
* [[Pattaya]] ([[Thailand]]) — tun 2004;
* [[Grosseto]] ([[Italiya]]);
* [[Baiyin]] ([[Sin]]) — tun 16 ga Agusta 1994;
* [[Xi'an]] ([[Sin]]) — tun Mayu 2023;
* [[Khujand]] ([[Tajikistan]]) — tun 2003;
* [[Eskişehir]] ([[Turkiyya]]);
* [[Balıkesir]] ([[Turkiyya]]) — tun 1995;
* [[Genoa]] ([[Italiya]]) — tun Yuni 2023;
* [[Adana]] ([[Turkiyya]]) — tun Disamba 2021;
* [[Vanadzor]] ([[Armeniya]]) — tun Afrilu 2024;
* [[Osh]] ([[Kirgistan]]) — tun Oktoba 2023;
* [[Plovdiv]] ([[Bulgariya]]) — tun 9 ga Yuni 2025;
* [[Faisalabad]] ([[Pakistan]]) — tun 10 ga Fabrairu 2026.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Biranen Kazakistan]]
* [[Tarihin Kazakistan]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Littattafai ==

* Bartold, V. V. ''Rubuce-rubuce. Juzu'i na III: Ayyuka kan labarin ƙasa na tarihi''. Moscow: Nauka, 1965.
* Baipakov, K. M. ''Biranen Tsakiyar Zamani na Kazakistan a kan Babbar Hanyar Siliki''. Almaty.
* ''Tarin wuraren tarihi da al'adu na Kazakistan. Yankin Kudancin Kazakistan''. Almaty.
* ''Bayanan binciken kayan tarihi na tsohon mazaunin Shymkent''. Shymkent.

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent Shafin hukuma na gwamnatin birnin Shymkent]
* [https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/ Kididdigar hukuma ta birnin Shymkent]
* [https://visit-shymkent.com/ Tashar yawon buɗe ido ta Visit Shymkent]
* [https://shymkent.invest.gov.kz/ru/ Tashar zuba jari ta birnin Shymkent]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shymkent}}
[[Category:Biranen Kazakistan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Magungunan Noma</title>
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        <id>21281</id>
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      <comment>sabuwar fassara</comment>
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      <text bytes="954" sha1="kaeucwlh19oq8hk33gepi3g8yn0akad" xml:space="preserve">A agrishemical ko agrichemical, sinadarin noma, samfurin sinadarai ne da ake amfani da shi a aikin gona na al'ada ko na masana'antu.[1] Agrochemical yawanci yana nufin magungunan kashe kwari da taki na roba. Kalmar agrochemical wani lokacin ana amfani da ita ba bisa ka'ida ba tare da magungunan kashe kwari ba, wani lokacin kuma ba bisa ka-ida ba don nufin magungunan kwari da taki, kuma wani lokacin mafi kyau don haɗawa da duk sunadarai da aka yi amfani da su a aikin gona.[2][3] Sauran sunadarai da aka yi amfani da su a aikin gona sune hormones na shuka-shuke da masu kula da ci gaban shuke-huke (PGRs), abubuwan jan hankalin kwari, Masu hana kwari, masu kare tsire-tsire, masu saurin kare herbicide, [4] masu taimakawa da masu haɗin gwiwa, [4] masu yanayin ƙasa da gyare-gyaren ƙasa, [5] liming da masu saurin acid.[6][7][8][9] Don kayan abinci na dabbobi, Masu kula da ci gaban dabbobi, anthelmintics da sauran magungunan rigakafi.[10][11][12]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mustysummy</username>
        <id>21281</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>saka manazarta</comment>
      <origin>892972</origin>
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      <text bytes="1132" sha1="ooq6h2ozcisoway3msed0dgywjt0je0" xml:space="preserve">A agrishemical ko agrichemical, sinadarin noma, samfurin sinadarai ne da ake amfani da shi a aikin gona na al'ada ko na masana'antu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128170366000091&lt;/ref&gt;Agrochemical yawanci yana nufin magungunan kashe kwari da taki na roba. Kalmar agrochemical wani lokacin ana amfani da ita ba bisa ka'ida ba tare da magungunan kashe kwari ba, wani lokacin kuma ba bisa ka-ida ba don nufin magungunan kwari da taki, kuma wani lokacin mafi kyau don haɗawa da duk sunadarai da aka yi amfani da su a aikin gona.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.britannica.com/technology/agrochemical&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.britannica.com/technology/agrochemical&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran sunadarai da aka yi amfani da su a aikin gona sune hormones na shuka-shuke da masu kula da ci gaban shuke-huke (PGRs), abubuwan jan hankalin kwari, Masu hana kwari, masu kare tsire-tsire, masu saurin kare herbicide, masu taimakawa da masu haɗin gwiwa,  masu yanayin ƙasa da gyare-gyaren ƙasa,  liming da masu saurin acid. Don kayan abinci na dabbobi, Masu kula da ci gaban dabbobi, anthelmintics da sauran magungunan rigakafi.
==Manazarta==</text>
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        <id>21281</id>
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      <comment>saka databox</comment>
      <origin>892973</origin>
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      <text bytes="1143" sha1="lz03q4t3mnjce72cjm5lwauthbjcfzd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}A agrishemical ko agrichemical, sinadarin noma, samfurin sinadarai ne da ake amfani da shi a aikin gona na al'ada ko na masana'antu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128170366000091&lt;/ref&gt;Agrochemical yawanci yana nufin magungunan kashe kwari da taki na roba. Kalmar agrochemical wani lokacin ana amfani da ita ba bisa ka'ida ba tare da magungunan kashe kwari ba, wani lokacin kuma ba bisa ka-ida ba don nufin magungunan kwari da taki, kuma wani lokacin mafi kyau don haɗawa da duk sunadarai da aka yi amfani da su a aikin gona.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.britannica.com/technology/agrochemical&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.britannica.com/technology/agrochemical&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran sunadarai da aka yi amfani da su a aikin gona sune hormones na shuka-shuke da masu kula da ci gaban shuke-huke (PGRs), abubuwan jan hankalin kwari, Masu hana kwari, masu kare tsire-tsire, masu saurin kare herbicide, masu taimakawa da masu haɗin gwiwa,  masu yanayin ƙasa da gyare-gyaren ƙasa,  liming da masu saurin acid. Don kayan abinci na dabbobi, Masu kula da ci gaban dabbobi, anthelmintics da sauran magungunan rigakafi.
==Manazarta==</text>
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    <title>Aikin noma na masana'antu</title>
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      <comment>sabuwar fassara</comment>
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      <text bytes="2678" sha1="q6ks75qpwda1xjf59tjprbusehx403o" xml:space="preserve">Aikin noma na masana'antu wani nau'i ne na aikin gona na zamani wanda ke nufin samar da amfanin gona da dabbobi da kayayyakin dabbobi kamar ƙwai ko madara. Hanyoyin aikin gona na masana'antu sun haɗa da kirkire-kirkire a cikin injunan noma da hanyoyin noma, Fasahar kwayar halitta, dabaru don cimma tattalin arzikin sikelin a cikin samarwa, ƙirƙirar sabbin kasuwanni don amfani, aikace-aikacen kariya ga bayanan kwayar halitta. Wadannan hanyoyin suna da yawa a cikin Kasashe masu tasowa kuma suna karuwa a duk duniya. Yawancin nama, madara, ƙwai, 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu da ke cikin manyan kantuna ana samar da su ta wannan hanyar.
==Tarihi==
Aikin noma na masana'antu ya tashi tare da Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu gabaɗaya. Gano nitrogen, potassium da phosphorus (wanda ake kira da acronym NPK) a matsayin mahimman abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban shuke-shuke ya haifar da ƙera taki roba, yana ba da damar samar da nau'ikan noma masu yawa. Binciken bitamin da rawar da suke takawa a cikin Abinci mai gina jiki na dabbobi, a cikin shekaru ashirin na farko na karni na 20, ya haifar da kariyar bitamin, wanda a cikin shekarun 1920 ya ba da damar haɓaka wasu dabbobi a cikin gida, yana rage bayyanar su ga abubuwa masu illa. Binciken maganin rigakafi da allurar rigakafi ya sauƙaƙa kiwon dabbobi a cikin maida hankali, sarrafa ayyukan ciyar da dabbobi ta hanyar rage cututtukan da ke haifar da tarwatsawa. Chemicals da aka kirkira don amfani a yakin duniya na biyu sun haifar da magungunan kashe kwari. Ci gaban hanyoyin sadarwar jigilar kayayyaki da fasaha sun sanya rarraba kayan aikin gona na nesa.

Aikin noma a duk faɗin duniya ya ninka sau huɗu tsakanin 1820 da 1975 (ya ninka sau biyu tsakanin 1820 zuwa 1920; tsakanin 1920 da 1950; tsakanin 1950 da 1965; kuma tsakanin 1965 da 1975) don ciyar da yawan mutanen duniya biliyan daya a cikin 1800 da biliyan 6.5 a cikin 2002. 29 A wannan lokacin, yawan mutanen da ke da hannu a aikin gona ya ragu yayin da tsarin ya zama mai sarrafa kansa. A cikin shekarun 1930, kashi 24 cikin 100 na yawan jama'ar Amurka sun yi aiki a aikin gona idan aka kwatanta da kashi 1.5 cikin 100 a 2002; a cikin 1940, kowane ma'aikacin gona ya samar da masu amfani 11, yayin da a cikin 2002, kowane ma'aikata ya samar da Masu amfani 90.[1]: 29 Yawan gonaki ma sun ragu, kuma mallakar su ta fi mayar da hankali. Misali, a cikin 2000s, farashin gonaki a Amurka ya karu saboda rikicin noma na Midwest.[2] Adadin ayyukan noma na ƙananan da matsakaici ya ragu saboda karuwar samarwa da farashin gonaki.[2] Wannan ya tilasta wa manoma su sami madadin ta hanyar amfani da sabbin kayayyakin aikin gona na masana'antu kamar samar da kudi.</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>892976</id>
      <parentid>892975</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T12:11:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mustysummy</username>
        <id>21281</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>saka manazarta</comment>
      <origin>892976</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2823" sha1="ap8vldhizyv9o9skg0tm39x6z08a3qs" xml:space="preserve">Aikin noma na masana'antu wani nau'i ne na aikin gona na zamani wanda ke nufin samar da amfanin gona da dabbobi da kayayyakin dabbobi kamar ƙwai ko madara. Hanyoyin aikin gona na masana'antu sun haɗa da kirkire-kirkire a cikin injunan noma da hanyoyin noma, Fasahar kwayar halitta, dabaru don cimma tattalin arzikin sikelin a cikin samarwa, ƙirƙirar sabbin kasuwanni don amfani, aikace-aikacen kariya ga bayanan kwayar halitta. Wadannan hanyoyin suna da yawa a cikin Kasashe masu tasowa kuma suna karuwa a duk duniya. Yawancin nama, madara, ƙwai, 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu da ke cikin manyan kantuna ana samar da su ta wannan hanyar.
==Tarihi==
Aikin noma na masana'antu ya tashi tare da Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu gabaɗaya. Gano nitrogen, potassium da phosphorus (wanda ake kira da acronym NPK) a matsayin mahimman abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban shuke-shuke ya haifar da ƙera taki roba, yana ba da damar samar da nau'ikan noma masu yawa. Binciken bitamin da rawar da suke takawa a cikin Abinci mai gina jiki na dabbobi, a cikin shekaru ashirin na farko na karni na 20, ya haifar da kariyar bitamin, wanda a cikin shekarun 1920 ya ba da damar haɓaka wasu dabbobi a cikin gida, yana rage bayyanar su ga abubuwa masu illa. Binciken maganin rigakafi da allurar rigakafi ya sauƙaƙa kiwon dabbobi a cikin maida hankali, sarrafa ayyukan ciyar da dabbobi ta hanyar rage cututtukan da ke haifar da tarwatsawa. Chemicals da aka kirkira don amfani a yakin duniya na biyu sun haifar da magungunan kashe kwari. Ci gaban hanyoyin sadarwar jigilar kayayyaki da fasaha sun sanya rarraba kayan aikin gona na nesa.

Aikin noma a duk faɗin duniya ya ninka sau huɗu tsakanin 1820 da 1975 (ya ninka sau biyu tsakanin 1820 zuwa 1920; tsakanin 1920 da 1950; tsakanin 1950 da 1965; kuma tsakanin 1965 da 1975) don ciyar da yawan mutanen duniya biliyan daya a cikin 1800 da biliyan 6.5 a cikin 2002. 29 A wannan lokacin, yawan mutanen da ke da hannu a aikin gona ya ragu yayin da tsarin ya zama mai sarrafa kansa. A cikin shekarun 1930, kashi 24 cikin 100 na yawan jama'ar Amurka sun yi aiki a aikin gona idan aka kwatanta da kashi 1.5 cikin 100 a 2002;&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=4lSplJlgc_sC&lt;/ref&gt; a cikin 1940, kowane ma'aikacin gona ya samar da masu amfani 11, yayin da a cikin 2002, kowane ma'aikata ya samar da Masu amfani 90.&lt;ref&gt;https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:acd73b7f-0ef7-4ce5-81cf-b06151d1745e&lt;/ref&gt;: 29 Yawan gonaki ma sun ragu, kuma mallakar su ta fi mayar da hankali. Misali, a cikin 2000s, farashin gonaki a Amurka ya karu saboda rikicin noma na Midwest. Adadin ayyukan noma na ƙananan da matsakaici ya ragu saboda karuwar samarwa da farashin gonaki. Wannan ya tilasta wa manoma su sami madadin ta hanyar amfani da sabbin kayayyakin aikin gona na masana'antu kamar samar da kudi.
==Manazarta==</text>
      <sha1>ap8vldhizyv9o9skg0tm39x6z08a3qs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>892977</id>
      <parentid>892976</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T12:12:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mustysummy</username>
        <id>21281</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>saka databox</comment>
      <origin>892977</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2834" sha1="ggc6otklhpgnsqhvhj2qqtxwvptugsg" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Aikin noma na masana'antu wani nau'i ne na aikin gona na zamani wanda ke nufin samar da amfanin gona da dabbobi da kayayyakin dabbobi kamar ƙwai ko madara. Hanyoyin aikin gona na masana'antu sun haɗa da kirkire-kirkire a cikin injunan noma da hanyoyin noma, Fasahar kwayar halitta, dabaru don cimma tattalin arzikin sikelin a cikin samarwa, ƙirƙirar sabbin kasuwanni don amfani, aikace-aikacen kariya ga bayanan kwayar halitta. Wadannan hanyoyin suna da yawa a cikin Kasashe masu tasowa kuma suna karuwa a duk duniya. Yawancin nama, madara, ƙwai, 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu da ke cikin manyan kantuna ana samar da su ta wannan hanyar.
==Tarihi==
Aikin noma na masana'antu ya tashi tare da Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu gabaɗaya. Gano nitrogen, potassium da phosphorus (wanda ake kira da acronym NPK) a matsayin mahimman abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban shuke-shuke ya haifar da ƙera taki roba, yana ba da damar samar da nau'ikan noma masu yawa. Binciken bitamin da rawar da suke takawa a cikin Abinci mai gina jiki na dabbobi, a cikin shekaru ashirin na farko na karni na 20, ya haifar da kariyar bitamin, wanda a cikin shekarun 1920 ya ba da damar haɓaka wasu dabbobi a cikin gida, yana rage bayyanar su ga abubuwa masu illa. Binciken maganin rigakafi da allurar rigakafi ya sauƙaƙa kiwon dabbobi a cikin maida hankali, sarrafa ayyukan ciyar da dabbobi ta hanyar rage cututtukan da ke haifar da tarwatsawa. Chemicals da aka kirkira don amfani a yakin duniya na biyu sun haifar da magungunan kashe kwari. Ci gaban hanyoyin sadarwar jigilar kayayyaki da fasaha sun sanya rarraba kayan aikin gona na nesa.

Aikin noma a duk faɗin duniya ya ninka sau huɗu tsakanin 1820 da 1975 (ya ninka sau biyu tsakanin 1820 zuwa 1920; tsakanin 1920 da 1950; tsakanin 1950 da 1965; kuma tsakanin 1965 da 1975) don ciyar da yawan mutanen duniya biliyan daya a cikin 1800 da biliyan 6.5 a cikin 2002. 29 A wannan lokacin, yawan mutanen da ke da hannu a aikin gona ya ragu yayin da tsarin ya zama mai sarrafa kansa. A cikin shekarun 1930, kashi 24 cikin 100 na yawan jama'ar Amurka sun yi aiki a aikin gona idan aka kwatanta da kashi 1.5 cikin 100 a 2002;&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=4lSplJlgc_sC&lt;/ref&gt; a cikin 1940, kowane ma'aikacin gona ya samar da masu amfani 11, yayin da a cikin 2002, kowane ma'aikata ya samar da Masu amfani 90.&lt;ref&gt;https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:acd73b7f-0ef7-4ce5-81cf-b06151d1745e&lt;/ref&gt;: 29 Yawan gonaki ma sun ragu, kuma mallakar su ta fi mayar da hankali. Misali, a cikin 2000s, farashin gonaki a Amurka ya karu saboda rikicin noma na Midwest. Adadin ayyukan noma na ƙananan da matsakaici ya ragu saboda karuwar samarwa da farashin gonaki. Wannan ya tilasta wa manoma su sami madadin ta hanyar amfani da sabbin kayayyakin aikin gona na masana'antu kamar samar da kudi.
==Manazarta==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zacchaeus Adangor</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>162913</id>
    <revision>
      <id>892979</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T12:29:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357907389|Zacchaeus Adangor]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>892979</origin>
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'''Zacchaeus Adangor''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda shi ne Babban Lauyan Jihar Rivers . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zacchaeus Adangor (PhD) |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rP0-63EAAAAJ&amp;hl=en |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=scholar.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shi ne Kwamishinan Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Jihar Rivers. Shi Farfesa ne na Dokar Tsarin Mulki da albarkatun kasa tare da Faculty of Law, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Adangor |first=Zacchaeus |last2=Emejuru |first2=C.T. |date=2019 |title=FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT, 2011 AND THE QUEST FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE IN NIGERIA: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331530067 |journal=Rivers State University Journal of Public Law |pages=488–514 |via=Research Gate}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Jami'ar Jihar Ribas|Jami'ar Jihar Rivers]], Port Harcourt . A cikin 2020, an rantsar da shi a matsayin [[Babban Lauyan Najeriya]] (SAN). Har ila yau, shi memba ne na Cibiyar Yarjejeniyar Arbitrators (UK) kuma Knight na Saint Christopher (Ksc). Farfesa Zacchaeus Adangor ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga ci gaban Dokar Tsarin Mulki a Najeriya. An buga iliminsa ko'ina a cikin mujallu na gida da na duniya tare da surori da yawa na littattafai da litattafai &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Adangor |first=Zacchaeus |date=February 2019 |title=Sanctity of oath of the office under Nigerian Constitutional Law |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332242140 |journal=The Journal of Jurisprudence, International Law and Contemporary Issues |publication-date=2019 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=234 |via=Research Gate}}&lt;/ref&gt;((((((Professor of Constitutional Law and Natural Resources with the Faculty of Law,[1] Rivers State University, Port Harcourt . In 2020, he was sworn in as a Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN). Also, he is a member of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators (UK) and a Knight of Saint Christopher (Ksc). Prof. Zacchaeus Adangor has contributed significantly to the development of Constitutional law in Nigeria.￼

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Gwamnonin Nijeriya]]</text>
      <sha1>39m9cf9eh96qk909va1ias11zu2iss0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>892980</id>
      <parentid>892979</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T12:30:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>892980</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1658" sha1="l0ng43yy1ddfe5apw8ya81oofgujo62" xml:space="preserve">
'''Zacchaeus Adangor''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda shi ne Babban Lauyan Jihar Rivers . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zacchaeus Adangor (PhD) |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rP0-63EAAAAJ&amp;hl=en |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=scholar.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shi ne Kwamishinan Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Jihar Rivers. Shi Farfesa ne na Dokar Tsarin Mulki da albarkatun kasa tare da Faculty of Law, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Adangor |first=Zacchaeus |last2=Emejuru |first2=C.T. |date=2019 |title=FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT, 2011 AND THE QUEST FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE IN NIGERIA: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331530067 |journal=Rivers State University Journal of Public Law |pages=488–514 |via=Research Gate}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Jami'ar Jihar Ribas|Jami'ar Jihar Rivers]], Port Harcourt . A cikin 2020, an rantsar da shi a matsayin [[Babban Lauyan Najeriya]] (SAN). Har ila yau, shi memba ne na Cibiyar Yarjejeniyar Arbitrators (UK) kuma Knight na Saint Christopher (Ksc). Farfesa Zacchaeus Adangor ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga ci gaban Dokar Tsarin Mulki a Najeriya. An buga iliminsa ko'ina a cikin mujallu na gida da na duniya tare da surori da yawa na littattafai da litattafai &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Adangor |first=Zacchaeus |date=February 2019 |title=Sanctity of oath of the office under Nigerian Constitutional Law |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332242140 |journal=The Journal of Jurisprudence, International Law and Contemporary Issues |publication-date=2019 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=234 |via=Research Gate}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Gwamnonin Nijeriya]]</text>
      <sha1>l0ng43yy1ddfe5apw8ya81oofgujo62</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Haɗuwa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>162914</id>
    <redirect title="Tozeur" />
    <revision>
      <id>892995</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T14:40:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9834</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>DaSupremo moved page [[Haɗuwa]] to [[Tozeur]]: Misspelled title</comment>
      <origin>892995</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20" sha1="03art78sin5lti1x5j2k2vsevbwoyto" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Tozeur]]</text>
      <sha1>03art78sin5lti1x5j2k2vsevbwoyto</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bulunkutu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>162916</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893025</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:09:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Salihu Aliyu</username>
        <id>12360</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ƙirƙirar sabon maƙala</comment>
      <origin>893025</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="212" sha1="cwbwaffiwf6uxfpqa31lxebxzbzdbi5" xml:space="preserve">'''Bulunkutu''' Wata unguwa ce dake a cikin garin Maiduguri, ƙarƙashin ƙaramar hukumar Borno ta Kudu, jihar Borno, Najeriya. Bulunkutu tana akan hanyar Filin Jirgi. Akwai babbar kasuwar wayoyi a cikin unguwar.</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893031</id>
      <parentid>893025</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:12:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Salihu Aliyu</username>
        <id>12360</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ƙara sashe</comment>
      <origin>893031</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="241" sha1="t1t2te8om9ji75cmu8lhjr7vf3ntd4g" xml:space="preserve">'''Bulunkutu''' Wata unguwa ce dake a cikin garin Maiduguri, ƙarƙashin ƙaramar hukumar Borno ta Kudu, jihar Borno, Najeriya. Bulunkutu tana akan hanyar Filin Jirgi. Akwai babbar kasuwar wayoyi a cikin unguwar.

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>t1t2te8om9ji75cmu8lhjr7vf3ntd4g</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893070</id>
      <parentid>893031</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:25:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Salihu Aliyu</username>
        <id>12360</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ Sanya manazarta</comment>
      <origin>893070</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="356" sha1="7ie23ml3owmqmw4w8bk8mtq8u9stnbo" xml:space="preserve">'''Bulunkutu''' Wata unguwa ce dake a cikin garin Maiduguri, ƙarƙashin ƙaramar hukumar Borno ta Kudu, jihar Borno, Najeriya. Bulunkutu tana akan hanyar Filin Jirgi. Akwai babbar kasuwar wayoyi a cikin unguwar.&lt;ref&gt;https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1666860-ambaliyar-ruwa-ta-rusa-gidaje-8-a-borno-mutane-sun-rasa-muhallansu/ &lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>7ie23ml3owmqmw4w8bk8mtq8u9stnbo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893094</id>
      <parentid>893070</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:32:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Salihu Aliyu</username>
        <id>12360</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Gyara manazarta</comment>
      <origin>893094</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="573" sha1="lbujvyurkm2myp7r65nnur2bksgij2t" xml:space="preserve">'''Bulunkutu''' Wata unguwa ce dake a cikin garin Maiduguri, ƙarƙashin ƙaramar hukumar Borno ta Kudu, jihar Borno, Najeriya. Bulunkutu tana akan hanyar Filin Jirgi. Akwai babbar kasuwar wayoyi a cikin unguwar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1666860-ambaliyar-ruwa-ta-rusa-gidaje-8-a-borno-mutane-sun-rasa-muhallansu/|date = 30 July 2025|accessdate= 8 August 2026|title= Hotuna: An ga yadda Ambaliyar Ruwa Ta Rusa Gidaje a Borno, Mutane Sun Fara Hijira|last= Ibrahim |first=Hamza|publisher= hausa.legit.ng|language=ha}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>lbujvyurkm2myp7r65nnur2bksgij2t</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893102</id>
      <parentid>893094</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:34:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Salihu Aliyu</username>
        <id>12360</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ Ƙaramin gyara</comment>
      <origin>893102</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="570" sha1="or4atbz7u898phe1vnekhbf1eez3o9v" xml:space="preserve">'''Bulunkutu''' Wata unguwa ce dake a cikin garin Maiduguri, ƙarƙashin ƙaramar hukumar Borno ta Kudu, jihar Borno, Najeriya. Bulunkutu tana akan hanyar Filin Jirgi. Akwai babbar kasuwar wayoyi a cikin unguwar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1666860-ambaliyar-ruwa-ta-rusa-gidaje-8-a-borno-mutane-sun-rasa-muhallansu/|date = 30 July 2025|accessdate= 8 August 2026|title= Hotuna: An ga yadda Ambaliyar Ruwa Ta Rusa Gidaje a Borno, Mutane Sun Fara Hijira|last= Sani |first=Hamza|publisher= hausa.legit.ng|language=ha}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368289867|Vladimir Screciu]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Vladimir Ionuț Screciu''' ({{IPA|ro|vladiˈmir joˈnut͡s ˈskret͡ʃju}} ; an haife shi a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2000) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Romania wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron baya]] ko kuma ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta La Liga I Universitatea Craiova da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Romania .

== Aikin kulob ==

=== Farkon aiki da Universitatea Craiova ===
An haife shi a Corabia, Olt County, Screciu ya fara aikinsa tare da CSȘ Corabia na gida a cikin 2010. A shekara mai zuwa ya shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta FC Universitatea Craiova, kuma a shekara ta 2013 ya koma CS Universitatea Craiova .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vladimir Screciu |url=https://www.ucv1948.ro/Vladimir-Screciu |access-date=19 June 2018 |publisher=CS Universitatea Craiova |language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 2 ga Oktoba 2016, babban kocin Gheorghe Mulțescu ya bai wa Screciu mai shekaru 16 damar fara buga wasa a gasar La Liga ta farko, inda ya shiga cikin minti na 82 na rashin nasara a waje da FC Steaua București 1-2. 

A watan Afrilun 2017, jaridar Portugal ''O Jogo'' ta ruwaito cewa Benfica ta nuna sha'awar sayen dan wasan.  Ya kasance wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba a wasan karshe na Cupa României na 2018 a ranar 27 ga Mayu, yayin da ''Alb-albaștrii'' ta yi nasara a kan Hermannstadt da ci 2-0. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cupa_Romaniei_2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 May 2018 |title=Toată lumea știe, Cupa-i în Bănie! |trans-title=Everyone knows, the Cup is in Bănie! |url=https://www.ucv1948.ro/Toata-lumea-stie-Cupa-i-in-Banie |access-date=20 June 2018 |publisher=CS Universitatea Craiova |language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin da ya fara wasa a kulob din, Screciu ya buga wasanni 44 a dukkan gasannin da ya buga.

=== Genk ===
A ranar 19 ga Yuni 2018, Genk ta sanar da sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Screciu a kan kwantiragin shekaru uku tare da zaɓin wata shekara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 June 2018 |title=Welkom Vladimir Screciu! |trans-title=Welcome Vladimir Screciu! |url=https://www.krcgenk.be/nl/nieuws/detail/3511/welkom-vladimir-screciu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620001201/https://www.krcgenk.be/nl/nieuws/detail/3511/welkom-vladimir-screciu |archive-date=20 June 2018 |access-date=19 June 2018 |publisher=K.R.C. Genk |language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙungiyar 'yan wasan Belgium ta biya rade-radin cewa za a biya Yuro miliyan 2 tare da kari kan canja wurin.  

=== Koma zuwa Jami'ar Craiova ===
Screciu ya ji rauni a lokacin da yake jinya a Belgium,  kuma ya koma Jami'ar Craiova a shekarar 2021.
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;'''Vladimir Ionuț Screciu''' ({{IPA|ro|vladiˈmir joˈnut͡s ˈskret͡ʃju}} ; an haife shi a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2000) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Romania wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron baya]] ko kuma ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta La Liga I Universitatea Craiova da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Romania .

== Aikin kulob ==

=== Farkon aiki da Universitatea Craiova ===
An haife shi a Corabia, Olt County, Screciu ya fara aikinsa tare da CSȘ Corabia na gida a cikin 2010. A shekara mai zuwa ya shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta FC Universitatea Craiova, kuma a shekara ta 2013 ya koma CS Universitatea Craiova .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vladimir Screciu |url=https://www.ucv1948.ro/Vladimir-Screciu |access-date=19 June 2018 |publisher=CS Universitatea Craiova |language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 2 ga Oktoba 2016, babban kocin Gheorghe Mulțescu ya bai wa Screciu mai shekaru 16 damar fara buga wasa a gasar La Liga ta farko, inda ya shiga cikin minti na 82 na rashin nasara a waje da FC Steaua București 1-2. 

A watan Afrilun 2017, jaridar Portugal ''O Jogo'' ta ruwaito cewa Benfica ta nuna sha'awar sayen dan wasan.  Ya kasance wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba a wasan karshe na Cupa României na 2018 a ranar 27 ga Mayu, yayin da ''Alb-albaștrii'' ta yi nasara a kan Hermannstadt da ci 2-0. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cupa_Romaniei_2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 May 2018 |title=Toată lumea știe, Cupa-i în Bănie! |trans-title=Everyone knows, the Cup is in Bănie! |url=https://www.ucv1948.ro/Toata-lumea-stie-Cupa-i-in-Banie |access-date=20 June 2018 |publisher=CS Universitatea Craiova |language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin da ya fara wasa a kulob din, Screciu ya buga wasanni 44 a dukkan gasannin da ya buga.

=== Genk ===
A ranar 19 ga Yuni 2018, Genk ta sanar da sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Screciu a kan kwantiragin shekaru uku tare da zaɓin wata shekara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 June 2018 |title=Welkom Vladimir Screciu! |trans-title=Welcome Vladimir Screciu! |url=https://www.krcgenk.be/nl/nieuws/detail/3511/welkom-vladimir-screciu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620001201/https://www.krcgenk.be/nl/nieuws/detail/3511/welkom-vladimir-screciu |archive-date=20 June 2018 |access-date=19 June 2018 |publisher=K.R.C. Genk |language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙungiyar 'yan wasan Belgium ta biya rade-radin cewa za a biya Yuro miliyan 2 tare da kari kan canja wurin.  

=== Koma zuwa Jami'ar Craiova ===
Screciu ya ji rauni a lokacin da yake jinya a Belgium,  kuma ya koma Jami'ar Craiova a shekarar 2021.

== Salon wasan ==
Screciu yana taka rawa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan]] [[Mai buga tsakiya|tsakiya]] ko na baya, amma kuma yana iya aiki a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron tsakiya]] . 

== Ƙididdigar aiki ==

=== Kulob ===
{{Updated|6 August 2026}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Soccerway|vladimir-screciu/445545|publisher=Soccerway|accessdate=19 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Club
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Season
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |League
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Național cup{{Efn|Includes [[Cupa României]].}}
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Other
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Universitatea Craiova
|2016–17
|Liga I
|13
|0
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|16
|0
|-
|2017–18
|Liga I
|25
|0
|3
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|28
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!38
!0
!6
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!44
!0
|-
|Genk
|2019–20
|Belgian Pro League
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|Lommel (loan)
|2019–20
|Belgian First Division B
|2
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |Universitatea Craiova
|2020–21
|Liga I
|16
|0
|4
|1
|1{{Efn|Appearance in [[UEFA Europa League]]}}
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|21
|1
|-
|-
|2021–22
|Liga I
|36
|0
|4
|0
|1{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Conference League]]}}
|0
|2{{Efn|One appearance in [[2021 Supercupa României|Supercupa României]], one appearance in [[2021–22 Liga I#European play-offs|Liga I play-offs for UEFA Conference League]]}}
|0
|43
|0
|-
|2022–23
|Liga I
|36
|0
|2
|1
|6[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|44
|1
|-
|2023–24
|Liga I
|25
|1
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|27
|1
|-
|2024–25
|Liga I
|31
|0
|2
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|33
|0
|-
|2025–26
|Liga I
|36
|1
|4
|0
|9[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|49
|1
|-
|2026–27
|Liga I
|2
|0
|0
|0
|3{{Efn|Two appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]], one appearance in UEFA Europa League}}
|0
|1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Supercupa României]]}}
|0
|6
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!182
!2
!18
!2
!20
!0
!3
!0
!223
!4
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Career total
!222
!2
!24
!2
!20
!0
!3
!0
!269
!4
|}
{{Notelist}}

=== Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa ===
{{Updated|match played 2 June 2026}}&lt;ref name=&quot;EU&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://eu-football.info/_player.php?id=32409|title=Vladimir Screciu|publisher=European Football|accessdate=20 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|+Bayyanar da kwallayen da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta samu da kuma shekarar da ta gabata
! Tawagar ƙasa
! Shekara
! Manhajoji
! Ƙwallaye
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | Romania
| 2023
| 4
| 0
|-
| 2024
| 0
| 0
|-
| 2025
| 2
| 0
|-
| 2026
| 2
| 0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Jimilla
! 8
! 0
|}

== Daraja ==
'''Jami'ar Craiova'''

* La Liga ta 1 : 2025–26 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 May 2026 |title=Universitatea Craiova, campioană după 35 de ani de așteptare |url=https://www.radioromania.ro/sport/universitatea-craiova-campioana-dupa-35-de-ani-de-asteptare-id180924.html |access-date=18 May 2026 |website=radioromania.ro |language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Cupa Romaniei : 2017–18 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 May 2018 |title=CS U Craiova a câștigat Cupa României la fotbal |url=https://www.romania-actualitati.ro/stiri/sport/cs-u-craiova-a-castigat-cupa-romaniei-la-fotbal-id109821.html |access-date=28 May 2018 |website=romania-actualitati.ro |language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2020–21, 2025–26 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 May 2026 |title=U Cluj - Universitatea Craiova 0-0 (5-6 d.l.d.). Oltenii au câștigat Cupa României la loviturile de departajare |url=https://www.digisport.ro/fotbal/cupa-romaniei/u-cluj-universitatea-craiova-0-0-5-6-d-l-d-oltenii-au-castigat-cupa-romaniei-la-loviturile-de-departajare-4251965 |access-date=14 May 2026 |website=digisport.ro |language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Supercupa Romania : 2021, 2026

== Manazarta ==

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* Vladimir Screciu at RomanianSoccer.ro (in Romanian)
* {{UEFA player|250104552}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]]</text>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;'''Vladimir Ionuț Screciu''' ({{IPA|ro|vladiˈmir joˈnut͡s ˈskret͡ʃju}} ;an haife shi a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2000) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Romania wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron baya]] ko kuma ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta La Liga I Universitatea Craiova da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Romania .

== Aikin kulob ==

=== Farkon aiki da Universitatea Craiova ===
An haife shi a Corabia, Olt County, Screciu ya fara aikinsa tare da CSȘ Corabia na gida a cikin 2010. A shekara mai zuwa ya shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta FC Universitatea Craiova, kuma a shekara ta 2013 ya koma CS Universitatea Craiova .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vladimir Screciu |url=https://www.ucv1948.ro/Vladimir-Screciu |access-date=19 June 2018 |publisher=CS Universitatea Craiova |language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 2 ga Oktoba 2016, babban kocin Gheorghe Mulțescu ya bai wa Screciu mai shekaru 16 damar fara buga wasa a gasar La Liga ta farko, inda ya shiga cikin minti na 82 na rashin nasara a waje da FC Steaua București 1-2. 

A watan Afrilun 2017, jaridar Portugal ''O Jogo'' ta ruwaito cewa Benfica ta nuna sha'awar sayen dan wasan.  Ya kasance wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba a wasan karshe na Cupa României na 2018 a ranar 27 ga Mayu, yayin da ''Alb-albaștrii'' ta yi nasara a kan Hermannstadt da ci 2-0. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cupa_Romaniei_2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 May 2018 |title=Toată lumea știe, Cupa-i în Bănie! |trans-title=Everyone knows, the Cup is in Bănie! |url=https://www.ucv1948.ro/Toata-lumea-stie-Cupa-i-in-Banie |access-date=20 June 2018 |publisher=CS Universitatea Craiova |language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin da ya fara wasa a kulob din, Screciu ya buga wasanni 44 a dukkan gasannin da ya buga.

=== Genk ===
A ranar 19 ga Yuni 2018, Genk ta sanar da sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Screciu a kan kwantiragin shekaru uku tare da zaɓin wata shekara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 June 2018 |title=Welkom Vladimir Screciu! |trans-title=Welcome Vladimir Screciu! |url=https://www.krcgenk.be/nl/nieuws/detail/3511/welkom-vladimir-screciu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620001201/https://www.krcgenk.be/nl/nieuws/detail/3511/welkom-vladimir-screciu |archive-date=20 June 2018 |access-date=19 June 2018 |publisher=K.R.C. Genk |language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙungiyar 'yan wasan Belgium ta biya rade-radin cewa za a biya Yuro miliyan 2 tare da kari kan canja wurin.  

=== Koma zuwa Jami'ar Craiova ===
Screciu ya ji rauni a lokacin da yake jinya a Belgium,  kuma ya koma Jami'ar Craiova a shekarar 2021.

== Salon wasan ==
Screciu yana taka rawa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan]] [[Mai buga tsakiya|tsakiya]] ko na baya, amma kuma yana iya aiki a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron tsakiya]] . 

== Ƙididdigar aiki ==

=== Kulob ===
{{Updated|6 August 2026}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Soccerway|vladimir-screciu/445545|publisher=Soccerway|accessdate=19 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Club
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Season
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |League
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Național cup{{Efn|Includes [[Cupa României]].}}
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Other
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Universitatea Craiova
|2016–17
|Liga I
|13
|0
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|16
|0
|-
|2017–18
|Liga I
|25
|0
|3
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|28
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!38
!0
!6
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!44
!0
|-
|Genk
|2019–20
|Belgian Pro League
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|Lommel (loan)
|2019–20
|Belgian First Division B
|2
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |Universitatea Craiova
|2020–21
|Liga I
|16
|0
|4
|1
|1{{Efn|Appearance in [[UEFA Europa League]]}}
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|21
|1
|-
|-
|2021–22
|Liga I
|36
|0
|4
|0
|1{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Conference League]]}}
|0
|2{{Efn|One appearance in [[2021 Supercupa României|Supercupa României]], one appearance in [[2021–22 Liga I#European play-offs|Liga I play-offs for UEFA Conference League]]}}
|0
|43
|0
|-
|2022–23
|Liga I
|36
|0
|2
|1
|6[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|44
|1
|-
|2023–24
|Liga I
|25
|1
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
|27
|1
|-
|2024–25
|Liga I
|31
|0
|2
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|33
|0
|-
|2025–26
|Liga I
|36
|1
|4
|0
|9[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|49
|1
|-
|2026–27
|Liga I
|2
|0
|0
|0
|3{{Efn|Two appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]], one appearance in UEFA Europa League}}
|0
|1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Supercupa României]]}}
|0
|6
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!182
!2
!18
!2
!20
!0
!3
!0
!223
!4
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Career total
!222
!2
!24
!2
!20
!0
!3
!0
!269
!4
|}
{{Notelist}}

=== Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa ===
{{Updated|match played 2 June 2026}}&lt;ref name=&quot;EU&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://eu-football.info/_player.php?id=32409|title=Vladimir Screciu|publisher=European Football|accessdate=20 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|+Bayyanar da kwallayen da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta samu da kuma shekarar da ta gabata
! Tawagar ƙasa
! Shekara
! Manhajoji
! Ƙwallaye
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | Romania
| 2023
| 4
| 0
|-
| 2024
| 0
| 0
|-
| 2025
| 2
| 0
|-
| 2026
| 2
| 0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Jimilla
! 8
! 0
|}

== Daraja ==
'''Jami'ar Craiova'''

* La Liga ta 1 : 2025–26 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 May 2026 |title=Universitatea Craiova, campioană după 35 de ani de așteptare |url=https://www.radioromania.ro/sport/universitatea-craiova-campioana-dupa-35-de-ani-de-asteptare-id180924.html |access-date=18 May 2026 |website=radioromania.ro |language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Cupa Romaniei : 2017–18 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 May 2018 |title=CS U Craiova a câștigat Cupa României la fotbal |url=https://www.romania-actualitati.ro/stiri/sport/cs-u-craiova-a-castigat-cupa-romaniei-la-fotbal-id109821.html |access-date=28 May 2018 |website=romania-actualitati.ro |language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2020–21, 2025–26 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 May 2026 |title=U Cluj - Universitatea Craiova 0-0 (5-6 d.l.d.). Oltenii au câștigat Cupa României la loviturile de departajare |url=https://www.digisport.ro/fotbal/cupa-romaniei/u-cluj-universitatea-craiova-0-0-5-6-d-l-d-oltenii-au-castigat-cupa-romaniei-la-loviturile-de-departajare-4251965 |access-date=14 May 2026 |website=digisport.ro |language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Supercupa Romania : 2021, 2026

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* Vladimir Screciu at RomanianSoccer.ro (in Romanian)
* {{UEFA player|250104552}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364520443|Lukáš Urminský]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Lukáš Urminský''' (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Yuli 1992) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Slovakia wanda a halin yanzu yake buga wasa na tsawon shekaru 5. La Liga FK Tatran Turzovka, a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron gida]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=V Turzovke opäť pocítil radosť z futbalu. Pre Urminského sú už Kysuce druhým domovom |url=https://mykysuce.sme.sk/c/22847474/v-turzovke-opat-pocitil-radost-z-futbalu-pre-urminskeho-su-uz-kysuce-druhym-domovom.html |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=mykysuce.sme.sk |publisher=Petit Press |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Urminský ɗan ƙasar Prievidza ne, amma kuma ya buga wa Dubnica da Myjava wasa . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nepriestrelný mních z Prievidze: Lukáš Urminský nedostal gól rekordné množstvo minút! |url=https://myhornanitra.sme.sk/c/20445766/nepriestrelny-mnich-z-prievidze-lukas-urminsky-nedostal-gol-rekordne-mnozstvo-minut.html |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=myhornanitra.sme.sk |publisher=Petit Press |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==

=== Spartak Myjava ===
A cikin 2014, Urminský ya shiga ƙungiyar farko ta Spartak Myjava . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 July 2014 |title=Myjava chce lákať diváka na štadión |url=https://www.netky.sk/clanok/myjava-chce-lakat-divaka-na-stadion |access-date=17 January 2026 |website=netky.sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasan da suka buga a gasar Fortuna Liga a watan Mayun 2015 da AS Trenčín, an kore shi daga fili a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 3-1. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 May 2015 |title=Nespokojný Gergely, maturant Bero zariadil už tretiu jedenástku |url=https://mytrencin.sme.sk/c/7808800/nespokojny-gergely-maturant-bero-zariadil-uz-tretiu-jedenastku.html |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=mytrencin.sme.sk |publisher=Petit Press |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=AS Trenčín - Spartak Myjava {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=https://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/541-tre-myj |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=Niké liga}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan 'yan kwanaki, Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Slovak ta soke jan katin bayan da Spartak Myjava ya daukaka kara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 May 2015 |title=Brankár Urminský omilostený, Banská Bystrica s pokutou 600 eur |url=https://www.netky.sk/clanok/brankar-urminsky-omilosteny-banska-bystrica-s-pokutou-600-eur |access-date=17 January 2026 |website=netky.sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin hunturu na 2016, Urminský ya soke kwangilarsa da Myjava ta hanyar yarjejeniya ta juna. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 January 2016 |title=Piroska v Myjave skončil, Spartak chce brať väčší zreteľ na domácich hráčov |url=http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok202708-Piroska_v_Myjave_skoncil_Spartak_chce_brat_vacsi_zretel_na_domacich_hracov.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126074126/http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok202708-Piroska_v_Myjave_skoncil_Spartak_chce_brat_vacsi_zretel_na_domacich_hracov.htm |archive-date=26 January 2016 |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=www.profutbal.sk |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== FK Pohronie ===
A shekarar 2017, Urminský ya koma FK Pohronie na dindindin bayan ya yi aro a kulob din a kakar wasa ta baya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ya buga wasa a wasan da suka doke FK Slavoj Trebišov da ci 4-0, inda ya ci kwallo daya tilo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=S gólmi sa roztrhlo vrece. Pohronie zdemolovalo Trebišov |url=https://myziar.sme.sk/c/20644950/s-golmi-sa-roztrhlo-vrece-pohronie-zdemolovalo-trebisov.html |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=myziar.sme.sk |publisher=Petit Press |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayin da yake bugawa Pohranie wasa, Urminský ya kafa tarihi a mafi yawan mintuna ba tare da an zura masa kwallo a raga ba a wasanni biyun. Liga, kiyaye zanen gado mai tsabta a wasanni da Šamorín, Skalica, Svätého Jur, Nitra, Žilina B da Banik Prievidza, taimakawa Pohranie ya guje wa relegation. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nepriestrelný mních z Prievidze: Lukáš Urminský nedostal gól rekordné množstvo minút! |url=https://myhornanitra.sme.sk/c/20445766/nepriestrelny-mnich-z-prievidze-lukas-urminsky-nedostal-gol-rekordne-mnozstvo-minut.html |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=myhornanitra.sme.sk |publisher=Petit Press |language=sk}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://myhornanitra.sme.sk/c/20445766/nepriestrelny-mnich-z-prievidze-lukas-urminsky-nedostal-gol-rekordne-mnozstvo-minut.html &quot;Nepriestrelný mních z Prievidze: Lukáš Urminský nedostal gól rekordné množstvo minút!&quot;]. ''myhornanitra.sme.sk'' (in Slovak). Petit Press&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;6 October&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Slovak-language sources (sk)]]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Šokujúci koniec Urminského v Pohroní. Prestúpil do klubu z Fortuna ligy |url=https://myhornanitra.sme.sk/c/20769129/sokujuci-koniec-urminskeho-v-pohroni-prestupil-do-klubu-z-fortuna-ligy.html |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=myhornanitra.sme.sk |publisher=Petit Press |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== MFK Ružomberok ===

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]]</text>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364520443|Lukáš Urminský]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Lukáš Urminský''' (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Yuli 1992) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Slovakia wanda a halin yanzu yake buga wasa na tsawon shekaru 5. La Liga FK Tatran Turzovka, a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron gida]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=V Turzovke opäť pocítil radosť z futbalu. Pre Urminského sú už Kysuce druhým domovom |url=https://mykysuce.sme.sk/c/22847474/v-turzovke-opat-pocitil-radost-z-futbalu-pre-urminskeho-su-uz-kysuce-druhym-domovom.html |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=mykysuce.sme.sk |publisher=Petit Press |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Urminský ɗan ƙasar Prievidza ne, amma kuma ya buga wa Dubnica da Myjava wasa . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nepriestrelný mních z Prievidze: Lukáš Urminský nedostal gól rekordné množstvo minút! |url=https://myhornanitra.sme.sk/c/20445766/nepriestrelny-mnich-z-prievidze-lukas-urminsky-nedostal-gol-rekordne-mnozstvo-minut.html |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=myhornanitra.sme.sk |publisher=Petit Press |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==

=== Spartak Myjava ===
A cikin 2014, Urminský ya shiga ƙungiyar farko ta Spartak Myjava . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 July 2014 |title=Myjava chce lákať diváka na štadión |url=https://www.netky.sk/clanok/myjava-chce-lakat-divaka-na-stadion |access-date=17 January 2026 |website=netky.sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasan da suka buga a gasar Fortuna Liga a watan Mayun 2015 da AS Trenčín, an kore shi daga fili a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 3-1. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 May 2015 |title=Nespokojný Gergely, maturant Bero zariadil už tretiu jedenástku |url=https://mytrencin.sme.sk/c/7808800/nespokojny-gergely-maturant-bero-zariadil-uz-tretiu-jedenastku.html |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=mytrencin.sme.sk |publisher=Petit Press |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=AS Trenčín - Spartak Myjava {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=https://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/541-tre-myj |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=Niké liga}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan 'yan kwanaki, Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Slovak ta soke jan katin bayan da Spartak Myjava ya daukaka kara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 May 2015 |title=Brankár Urminský omilostený, Banská Bystrica s pokutou 600 eur |url=https://www.netky.sk/clanok/brankar-urminsky-omilosteny-banska-bystrica-s-pokutou-600-eur |access-date=17 January 2026 |website=netky.sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin hunturu na 2016, Urminský ya soke kwangilarsa da Myjava ta hanyar yarjejeniya ta juna. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 January 2016 |title=Piroska v Myjave skončil, Spartak chce brať väčší zreteľ na domácich hráčov |url=http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok202708-Piroska_v_Myjave_skoncil_Spartak_chce_brat_vacsi_zretel_na_domacich_hracov.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126074126/http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok202708-Piroska_v_Myjave_skoncil_Spartak_chce_brat_vacsi_zretel_na_domacich_hracov.htm |archive-date=26 January 2016 |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=www.profutbal.sk |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== FK Pohronie ===
A shekarar 2017, Urminský ya koma FK Pohronie na dindindin bayan ya yi aro a kulob din a kakar wasa ta baya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ya buga wasa a wasan da suka doke FK Slavoj Trebišov da ci 4-0, inda ya ci kwallo daya tilo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=S gólmi sa roztrhlo vrece. Pohronie zdemolovalo Trebišov |url=https://myziar.sme.sk/c/20644950/s-golmi-sa-roztrhlo-vrece-pohronie-zdemolovalo-trebisov.html |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=myziar.sme.sk |publisher=Petit Press |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayin da yake bugawa Pohranie wasa, Urminský ya kafa tarihi a mafi yawan mintuna ba tare da an zura masa kwallo a raga ba a wasanni biyun. Liga, kiyaye zanen gado mai tsabta a wasanni da Šamorín, Skalica, Svätého Jur, Nitra, Žilina B da Banik Prievidza, taimakawa Pohranie ya guje wa relegation. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nepriestrelný mních z Prievidze: Lukáš Urminský nedostal gól rekordné množstvo minút! |url=https://myhornanitra.sme.sk/c/20445766/nepriestrelny-mnich-z-prievidze-lukas-urminsky-nedostal-gol-rekordne-mnozstvo-minut.html |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=myhornanitra.sme.sk |publisher=Petit Press |language=sk}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://myhornanitra.sme.sk/c/20445766/nepriestrelny-mnich-z-prievidze-lukas-urminsky-nedostal-gol-rekordne-mnozstvo-minut.html &quot;Nepriestrelný mních z Prievidze: Lukáš Urminský nedostal gól rekordné množstvo minút!&quot;]. ''myhornanitra.sme.sk'' (in Slovak). Petit Press&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;6 October&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Slovak-language sources (sk)]]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Šokujúci koniec Urminského v Pohroní. Prestúpil do klubu z Fortuna ligy |url=https://myhornanitra.sme.sk/c/20769129/sokujuci-koniec-urminskeho-v-pohroni-prestupil-do-klubu-z-fortuna-ligy.html |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=myhornanitra.sme.sk |publisher=Petit Press |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== MFK Ružomberok ===
A lokacin rani na 2018, Urminský ya shiga gefen rukuni na farko MFK Ružomberok . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Teraz.sk |date=14 February 2018 |title=Futbalový Ružomberok sa chce na jar prebojovať do pohárovej Európy |url=https://www.teraz.sk/sport/futbal-fl-ruzomberok-sa-chce-na-jar-pr/308602-clanok.html |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=TERAZ.sk |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fara bugawa MFK Ružomberok a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai da ci 3-0 a waje da FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda, ya zo ne a madadin Nermin Haskić a cikin minti na 44 bayan jan kati da aka nuna wa mai tsaron gida Matúš Macík . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda - MFK Ružomberok {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=https://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/1186-dac-ruz |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=Niké liga}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Daga baya aiki ===
A shekarar 2019, Urminský ta shiga matsayi na 5. La Liga FK Tatran Turzovka . Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta kai ga gasar lig ta 4 a shekarar 2022. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=a.s |first=Petit Press |title=V Turzovke opäť pocítil radosť z futbalu. Pre Urminského sú už Kysuce druhým domovom |url=https://my.sme.sk/kysuce/c/v-turzovke-opat-pocitil-radost-z-futbalu-pre-urminskeho-su-uz-kysuce-druhym-domovom |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=MY Kysuce |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
A shekarar 2011, an zabi Urminský don ya buga wa ƙungiyar Slovakia ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 wasanni biyu na sada zumunci da Belgium U19 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gerzaničová |first=Emília |date=7 April 2011 |title=Nominácia tímu SR &quot;19&quot; na priateľský dvojzápas v Belgicku |url=https://futbalsfz.sk/nominacia-timu-sr-19-na-priatelsky-dvojzapas-v-belgicku/ |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=futbalsfz.sk |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya a wannan shekarar, an kira shi don zagaye na biyu na Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 da aka gudanar a [[Romainiya|Romania]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gerzaničová |first=Emília |date=15 May 2011 |title=Nominácia tímu SR &quot;19&quot; na kvalifikačný turnaj ME - aktualizované |url=https://futbalsfz.sk/nominacia-timu-sr-19-na-kvalifikacny-turnaj-me-aktualizovane/ |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=futbalsfz.sk |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* Lukáš Urminský at Soccerway.com 

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]]</text>
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'''Lukáš Urminský''' (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Yuli 1992) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Slovakia wanda a halin yanzu yake buga wasa na tsawon shekaru 5. La Liga FK Tatran Turzovka, a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron gida]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=V Turzovke opäť pocítil radosť z futbalu. Pre Urminského sú už Kysuce druhým domovom |url=https://mykysuce.sme.sk/c/22847474/v-turzovke-opat-pocitil-radost-z-futbalu-pre-urminskeho-su-uz-kysuce-druhym-domovom.html |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=mykysuce.sme.sk |publisher=Petit Press |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Urminský ɗan ƙasar Prievidza ne, amma kuma ya buga wa Dubnica da Myjava wasa . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nepriestrelný mních z Prievidze: Lukáš Urminský nedostal gól rekordné množstvo minút! |url=https://myhornanitra.sme.sk/c/20445766/nepriestrelny-mnich-z-prievidze-lukas-urminsky-nedostal-gol-rekordne-mnozstvo-minut.html |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=myhornanitra.sme.sk |publisher=Petit Press |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==

=== Spartak Myjava ===
A cikin 2014, Urminský ya shiga ƙungiyar farko ta Spartak Myjava . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 July 2014 |title=Myjava chce lákať diváka na štadión |url=https://www.netky.sk/clanok/myjava-chce-lakat-divaka-na-stadion |access-date=17 January 2026 |website=netky.sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasan da suka buga a gasar Fortuna Liga a watan Mayun 2015 da AS Trenčín, an kore shi daga fili a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 3-1. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 May 2015 |title=Nespokojný Gergely, maturant Bero zariadil už tretiu jedenástku |url=https://mytrencin.sme.sk/c/7808800/nespokojny-gergely-maturant-bero-zariadil-uz-tretiu-jedenastku.html |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=mytrencin.sme.sk |publisher=Petit Press |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=AS Trenčín - Spartak Myjava {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=https://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/541-tre-myj |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=Niké liga}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan 'yan kwanaki, Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Slovak ta soke jan katin bayan da Spartak Myjava ya daukaka kara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 May 2015 |title=Brankár Urminský omilostený, Banská Bystrica s pokutou 600 eur |url=https://www.netky.sk/clanok/brankar-urminsky-omilosteny-banska-bystrica-s-pokutou-600-eur |access-date=17 January 2026 |website=netky.sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin hunturu na 2016, Urminský ya soke kwangilarsa da Myjava ta hanyar yarjejeniya ta juna. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 January 2016 |title=Piroska v Myjave skončil, Spartak chce brať väčší zreteľ na domácich hráčov |url=http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok202708-Piroska_v_Myjave_skoncil_Spartak_chce_brat_vacsi_zretel_na_domacich_hracov.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126074126/http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok202708-Piroska_v_Myjave_skoncil_Spartak_chce_brat_vacsi_zretel_na_domacich_hracov.htm |archive-date=26 January 2016 |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=www.profutbal.sk |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== FK Pohronie ===
A shekarar 2017, Urminský ya koma FK Pohronie na dindindin bayan ya yi aro a kulob din a kakar wasa ta baya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ya buga wasa a wasan da suka doke FK Slavoj Trebišov da ci 4-0, inda ya ci kwallo daya tilo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=S gólmi sa roztrhlo vrece. Pohronie zdemolovalo Trebišov |url=https://myziar.sme.sk/c/20644950/s-golmi-sa-roztrhlo-vrece-pohronie-zdemolovalo-trebisov.html |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=myziar.sme.sk |publisher=Petit Press |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayin da yake bugawa Pohranie wasa, Urminský ya kafa tarihi a mafi yawan mintuna ba tare da an zura masa kwallo a raga ba a wasanni biyun. Liga, kiyaye zanen gado mai tsabta a wasanni da Šamorín, Skalica, Svätého Jur, Nitra, Žilina B da Banik Prievidza, taimakawa Pohranie ya guje wa relegation. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nepriestrelný mních z Prievidze: Lukáš Urminský nedostal gól rekordné množstvo minút! |url=https://myhornanitra.sme.sk/c/20445766/nepriestrelny-mnich-z-prievidze-lukas-urminsky-nedostal-gol-rekordne-mnozstvo-minut.html |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=myhornanitra.sme.sk |publisher=Petit Press |language=sk}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://myhornanitra.sme.sk/c/20445766/nepriestrelny-mnich-z-prievidze-lukas-urminsky-nedostal-gol-rekordne-mnozstvo-minut.html &quot;Nepriestrelný mních z Prievidze: Lukáš Urminský nedostal gól rekordné množstvo minút!&quot;]. ''myhornanitra.sme.sk'' (in Slovak). Petit Press&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;6 October&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Slovak-language sources (sk)]]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Šokujúci koniec Urminského v Pohroní. Prestúpil do klubu z Fortuna ligy |url=https://myhornanitra.sme.sk/c/20769129/sokujuci-koniec-urminskeho-v-pohroni-prestupil-do-klubu-z-fortuna-ligy.html |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=myhornanitra.sme.sk |publisher=Petit Press |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== MFK Ružomberok ===
A lokacin rani na 2018, Urminský ya shiga gefen rukuni na farko MFK Ružomberok . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Teraz.sk |date=14 February 2018 |title=Futbalový Ružomberok sa chce na jar prebojovať do pohárovej Európy |url=https://www.teraz.sk/sport/futbal-fl-ruzomberok-sa-chce-na-jar-pr/308602-clanok.html |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=TERAZ.sk |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fara bugawa MFK Ružomberok a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai da ci 3-0 a waje da FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda, ya zo ne a madadin Nermin Haskić a cikin minti na 44 bayan jan kati da aka nuna wa mai tsaron gida Matúš Macík . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda - MFK Ružomberok {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=https://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/1186-dac-ruz |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=Niké liga}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Daga baya aiki ===
A shekarar 2019, Urminský ta shiga matsayi na 5. La Liga FK Tatran Turzovka . Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta kai ga gasar lig ta 4 a shekarar 2022. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=a.s |first=Petit Press |title=V Turzovke opäť pocítil radosť z futbalu. Pre Urminského sú už Kysuce druhým domovom |url=https://my.sme.sk/kysuce/c/v-turzovke-opat-pocitil-radost-z-futbalu-pre-urminskeho-su-uz-kysuce-druhym-domovom |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=MY Kysuce |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
A shekarar 2011, an zabi Urminský don ya buga wa ƙungiyar Slovakia ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 wasanni biyu na sada zumunci da Belgium U19 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gerzaničová |first=Emília |date=7 April 2011 |title=Nominácia tímu SR &quot;19&quot; na priateľský dvojzápas v Belgicku |url=https://futbalsfz.sk/nominacia-timu-sr-19-na-priatelsky-dvojzapas-v-belgicku/ |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=futbalsfz.sk |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya a wannan shekarar, an kira shi don zagaye na biyu na Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 da aka gudanar a [[Romainiya|Romania]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gerzaničová |first=Emília |date=15 May 2011 |title=Nominácia tímu SR &quot;19&quot; na kvalifikačný turnaj ME - aktualizované |url=https://futbalsfz.sk/nominacia-timu-sr-19-na-kvalifikacny-turnaj-me-aktualizovane/ |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=futbalsfz.sk |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* Lukáš Urminský at Soccerway.com 

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Enzo Crivelli</title>
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'''Enzo Vito Gabriel Crivelli''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 1995) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Faransa wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba .

Crivelli ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar Bordeaux a shekarar 2014, kuma ya buga wasanni sama da 50 a ƙungiyar tsawon shekaru biyu da rabi masu zuwa. A watan Agustan 2016, ya koma Bastia a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa, kafin ya sanya hannu na dindindin a Angers a shekara mai zuwa. Bayan ya yi wasa a Caen, Crivelli ya koma ƙungiyar İstanbul Başakşehir ta Turkiyya, inda aka kuma tura shi aro zuwa [[Antalyaspor]] da Saint-Étienne . A shekarar 2022, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zuwa Servette a Switzerland.

Shi ma tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma shi ne ɗan wasan da ya fi zura ƙwallo a Gasar Toulon ta 2015 inda Faransa ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai.

== Aikin kulob ==

=== Bordeaux ===

==== Farkon aikina ====
An haife shi a [[Rouen]], Crivelli ya ci gaba ta hanyar makarantar koyon aikin likitanci ta Cannes, kafin ya koma Bordeaux a shekarar 2012.  A kakar wasansa ta farko a kulob din, ya taimaka wa kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekara 19 ta yi nasara a gasar Coupe Gambardella ta 2013. &lt;ref name=&quot;FFW&quot; /&gt; Daga nan ya fara buga gasar [[Ligue 1]] a ranar 26 ga Janairun 2014 da Saint-Étienne, inda ya maye gurbin [[Abdou Traoré (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi a shekara ta 1988)|Abdou Traoré]] bayan mintuna 83 a wasan da suka ci gida 2-0.  Bayan watanni biyu, ya sake bayyana a wasan gida da Nice .  Crivelli ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Bordeaux a watan Mayun 2015. Kwanaki kaɗan bayan sanya hannu kan kwantiragin, ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a gasar ga ''Les Girondins'' a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Lyon . 

==== kakar 2015–16 ====
Crivelli ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Europa League ga Bordeaux a ranar 27 ga Agusta 2015, a wasan da suka sha kashi 2-1 a hannun Kairat . Yajin aiki ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci, domin ya bai wa Bordeaux damar zura kwallo a raga, wanda hakan ya taimaka musu su kai matakin rukuni na gasar.  Ya bi sahun jarumtarsa ta gasar Europa League ta hanyar zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta 2015-16 ta Ligue 1 a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Toulouse a ranar 20 ga Satumba.  Kwana uku bayan haka, a fafatawar da suka yi da Nice, ya sanya Jaroslav Plašil ya zura kwallon farko, kafin a kore shi a minti na 50. Bordeaux ta sha kashi a wasan da ci 6-1.  A watan Nuwamba, Crivelli ya ƙara kwallaye biyu a ragarsa, inda ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Rennes, kafin ya ci kwallo ta ƙarshe a wasan da Caen ta sha kashi da ci 4-1.   Kwallo da Crivelli ya ci wa Caen ita ce kwallon ƙarshe da ya ci a kakar wasa ta bana, domin bai samu damar zura kwallo a rabin lokaci na biyu na kakar wasa ba, wanda daga ƙarshe ya ƙare da dawowar kwallaye 3 a wasanni 29 da ya buga a gasar. Crivelli ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Europa League ga Bordeaux a ranar 27 ga Agusta 2015, a wasan da suka sha kashi 2-1 a hannun Kairat . Yajin aiki ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci, domin ya bai wa Bordeaux damar zura kwallo a raga, wanda hakan ya taimaka musu su kai matakin rukuni na gasar.  Ya bi sahun jarumtarsa ta gasar Europa League ta hanyar zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta 2015-16 ta Ligue 1 a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Toulouse a ranar 20 ga Satumba.  Kwana uku bayan haka, a fafatawar da suka yi da Nice, ya sanya Jaroslav Plašil ya zura kwallon farko, kafin a kore shi a minti na 50. Bordeaux ta sha kashi a wasan da ci 6-1.  A watan Nuwamba, Crivelli ya ƙara kwallaye biyu a ragarsa, inda ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Rennes, kafin ya ci kwallo ta ƙarshe a wasan da Caen ta sha kashi da ci 4-1.   Kwallo da Crivelli ya ci wa Caen ita ce kwallon ƙarshe da ya ci a kakar wasa ta bana, domin bai samu damar zura kwallo a rabin lokaci na biyu na kakar wasa ba, wanda daga ƙarshe ya ƙare da dawowar kwallaye 3 a wasanni 29 da ya buga a gasar. 

==== Lokacin 2016-17: Lamuni ga Bastia ====
A ranar 3 ga Agusta 2016, Bordeaux ta sanar a lokaci guda cewa Crivelli ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da kulob din na tsawon shekara guda kuma zai yi kakar wasa mai zuwa a matsayin aro a kungiyar Bastia ta Ligue 1.  Ya fara buga wasa a kulob din a ranar 12 ga Agusta 2016, a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 1-0 a hannun zakarun Ligue 1 [[Paris Saint-Germain]] .  Crivelli ya zura kwallayensa na farko a kungiyar a mako mai zuwa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Lorient da ci 3-0. Ya kuma rasa bugun fenariti a lokacin wasan.  A ranar 24 ga Satumba, Crivelli ya zura kwallo daya tilo a wasan da suka doke Guingamp da ci 1-0. Bayan mintuna uku, an kore shi daga fili saboda laifin da aka yi masa na biyu, kuma sakamakon haka, Kwamitin Ladabtarwa na LFP ya dakatar da shi na wasanni hudu.  Ya ƙare kakar wasa da kwallaye 10 a wasanni 24, duk da cewa dawowarsa bai isa ya hana Bastia komawa gasar Ligue 2 ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Andrew |date=20 May 2017 |title=Marseille in Europe, Bastia Down |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/marseille-in-europe-bastia-down.htm |access-date=20 May 2017 |website=Ligue 1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fushi ===
A ranar 27 ga Yuni 2017, Crivelli ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru huɗu tare da ƙungiyar [[Ligue 1]] ta Angers . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2017 |title=Le SCO d'Angers recrute Enzo Crivelli pour quatre ans |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Le-sco-d-angers-recrute-enzo-crivelli-pour-quatre-ans/813984 |access-date=5 July 2017 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ci kwallo a wasansa na farko a kulob din a ranar 12 ga Agusta, inda ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka doke Amiens da ci 2-0 a gasar Ligue 1. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 August 2017 |title=Les Verts enchaînent, Bordeaux se lance |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Les-verts-enchainent-bordeaux-se-lance/825303 |access-date=12 August 2017 |website=[[L'Equipe]]}}{{In lang|fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Caen ===
A ranar 31 ga Janairun 2018, an ba da aro ga Crivelli ga Caen har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa tare da zaɓin siye bisa ga rayuwar Caen a Ligue 1. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 January 2018 |title=Transferts : Enzo Crivelli (Angers) prêté à Caen |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Transferts-enzo-crivelli-angers-prete-a-caen/871721 |access-date=31 January 2018 |website=[[L'Equipe]]}}{{In lang|fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 9 ga Yuni 2018, Caen ta kunna zaɓin siyan kan kusan Yuro miliyan 3. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 June 2018 |title=Crivelli définitivement transféré à Caen |url=http://sport24.lefigaro.fr/football/transferts/fil-info/crivelli-definitivement-transfere-a-caen-officiel-912605 |access-date=9 June 2018 |website=sport24.lefigaro.fr}}{{In lang|fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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'''Enzo Vito Gabriel Crivelli''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 1995) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Faransa wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba .

Crivelli ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar Bordeaux a shekarar 2014, kuma ya buga wasanni sama da 50 a ƙungiyar tsawon shekaru biyu da rabi masu zuwa. A watan Agustan 2016, ya koma Bastia a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa, kafin ya sanya hannu na dindindin a Angers a shekara mai zuwa. Bayan ya yi wasa a Caen, Crivelli ya koma ƙungiyar İstanbul Başakşehir ta Turkiyya, inda aka kuma tura shi aro zuwa [[Antalyaspor]] da Saint-Étienne . A shekarar 2022, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zuwa Servette a Switzerland.

Shi ma tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma shi ne ɗan wasan da ya fi zura ƙwallo a Gasar Toulon ta 2015 inda Faransa ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai.

== Aikin kulob ==

=== Bordeaux ===

==== Farkon aikina ====
An haife shi a [[Rouen]], Crivelli ya ci gaba ta hanyar makarantar koyon aikin likitanci ta Cannes, kafin ya koma Bordeaux a shekarar 2012.  A kakar wasansa ta farko a kulob din, ya taimaka wa kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekara 19 ta yi nasara a gasar Coupe Gambardella ta 2013. &lt;ref name=&quot;FFW&quot; /&gt; Daga nan ya fara buga gasar [[Ligue 1]] a ranar 26 ga Janairun 2014 da Saint-Étienne, inda ya maye gurbin [[Abdou Traoré (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi a shekara ta 1988)|Abdou Traoré]] bayan mintuna 83 a wasan da suka ci gida 2-0.  Bayan watanni biyu, ya sake bayyana a wasan gida da Nice .  Crivelli ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Bordeaux a watan Mayun 2015. Kwanaki kaɗan bayan sanya hannu kan kwantiragin, ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a gasar ga ''Les Girondins'' a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Lyon . 

==== kakar 2015–16 ====
Crivelli ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Europa League ga Bordeaux a ranar 27 ga Agusta 2015, a wasan da suka sha kashi 2-1 a hannun Kairat . Yajin aiki ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci, domin ya bai wa Bordeaux damar zura kwallo a raga, wanda hakan ya taimaka musu su kai matakin rukuni na gasar.  Ya bi sahun jarumtarsa ta gasar Europa League ta hanyar zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta 2015-16 ta Ligue 1 a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Toulouse a ranar 20 ga Satumba.  Kwana uku bayan haka, a fafatawar da suka yi da Nice, ya sanya Jaroslav Plašil ya zura kwallon farko, kafin a kore shi a minti na 50. Bordeaux ta sha kashi a wasan da ci 6-1.  A watan Nuwamba, Crivelli ya ƙara kwallaye biyu a ragarsa, inda ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Rennes, kafin ya ci kwallo ta ƙarshe a wasan da Caen ta sha kashi da ci 4-1.   Kwallo da Crivelli ya ci wa Caen ita ce kwallon ƙarshe da ya ci a kakar wasa ta bana, domin bai samu damar zura kwallo a rabin lokaci na biyu na kakar wasa ba, wanda daga ƙarshe ya ƙare da dawowar kwallaye 3 a wasanni 29 da ya buga a gasar. Crivelli ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Europa League ga Bordeaux a ranar 27 ga Agusta 2015, a wasan da suka sha kashi 2-1 a hannun Kairat . Yajin aiki ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci, domin ya bai wa Bordeaux damar zura kwallo a raga, wanda hakan ya taimaka musu su kai matakin rukuni na gasar.  Ya bi sahun jarumtarsa ta gasar Europa League ta hanyar zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta 2015-16 ta Ligue 1 a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Toulouse a ranar 20 ga Satumba.  Kwana uku bayan haka, a fafatawar da suka yi da Nice, ya sanya Jaroslav Plašil ya zura kwallon farko, kafin a kore shi a minti na 50. Bordeaux ta sha kashi a wasan da ci 6-1.  A watan Nuwamba, Crivelli ya ƙara kwallaye biyu a ragarsa, inda ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Rennes, kafin ya ci kwallo ta ƙarshe a wasan da Caen ta sha kashi da ci 4-1.   Kwallo da Crivelli ya ci wa Caen ita ce kwallon ƙarshe da ya ci a kakar wasa ta bana, domin bai samu damar zura kwallo a rabin lokaci na biyu na kakar wasa ba, wanda daga ƙarshe ya ƙare da dawowar kwallaye 3 a wasanni 29 da ya buga a gasar. 

==== Lokacin 2016-17: Lamuni ga Bastia ====
A ranar 3 ga Agusta 2016, Bordeaux ta sanar a lokaci guda cewa Crivelli ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da kulob din na tsawon shekara guda kuma zai yi kakar wasa mai zuwa a matsayin aro a kungiyar Bastia ta Ligue 1.  Ya fara buga wasa a kulob din a ranar 12 ga Agusta 2016, a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 1-0 a hannun zakarun Ligue 1 [[Paris Saint-Germain]] .  Crivelli ya zura kwallayensa na farko a kungiyar a mako mai zuwa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Lorient da ci 3-0. Ya kuma rasa bugun fenariti a lokacin wasan.  A ranar 24 ga Satumba, Crivelli ya zura kwallo daya tilo a wasan da suka doke Guingamp da ci 1-0. Bayan mintuna uku, an kore shi daga fili saboda laifin da aka yi masa na biyu, kuma sakamakon haka, Kwamitin Ladabtarwa na LFP ya dakatar da shi na wasanni hudu.  Ya ƙare kakar wasa da kwallaye 10 a wasanni 24, duk da cewa dawowarsa bai isa ya hana Bastia komawa gasar Ligue 2 ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Andrew |date=20 May 2017 |title=Marseille in Europe, Bastia Down |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/marseille-in-europe-bastia-down.htm |access-date=20 May 2017 |website=Ligue 1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fushi ===
A ranar 27 ga Yuni 2017, Crivelli ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru huɗu tare da ƙungiyar [[Ligue 1]] ta Angers . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2017 |title=Le SCO d'Angers recrute Enzo Crivelli pour quatre ans |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Le-sco-d-angers-recrute-enzo-crivelli-pour-quatre-ans/813984 |access-date=5 July 2017 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ci kwallo a wasansa na farko a kulob din a ranar 12 ga Agusta, inda ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka doke Amiens da ci 2-0 a gasar Ligue 1. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 August 2017 |title=Les Verts enchaînent, Bordeaux se lance |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Les-verts-enchainent-bordeaux-se-lance/825303 |access-date=12 August 2017 |website=[[L'Equipe]]}}{{In lang|fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Caen ===
A ranar 31 ga Janairun 2018, an ba da aro ga Crivelli ga Caen har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa tare da zaɓin siye bisa ga rayuwar Caen a Ligue 1. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 January 2018 |title=Transferts : Enzo Crivelli (Angers) prêté à Caen |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Transferts-enzo-crivelli-angers-prete-a-caen/871721 |access-date=31 January 2018 |website=[[L'Equipe]]}}{{In lang|fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 9 ga Yuni 2018, Caen ta kunna zaɓin siyan kan kusan Yuro miliyan 3. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 June 2018 |title=Crivelli définitivement transféré à Caen |url=http://sport24.lefigaro.fr/football/transferts/fil-info/crivelli-definitivement-transfere-a-caen-officiel-912605 |access-date=9 June 2018 |website=sport24.lefigaro.fr}}{{In lang|fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== İstanbul Başakşehir ===
A ranar 27 ga Yulin 2019, Crivelli ya koma kulob din Turkiyya na İstanbul Başakşehir . 

A ranar 31 ga Janairun 2022, Crivelli ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro da Saint-Étienne, ƙungiyar Ligue 1, har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa. An haɗa da zaɓin siyayya a cikin yarjejeniyar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 January 2022 |title=Enzo Crivelli s'engage avec l'ASSE ! |trans-title=Enzo Crivelli signs for ASSE! |url=https://www.asse.fr/fr/actualites/enzo-crivelli-s-engage-avec-l-asse--ac31697 |publisher=[[AS Saint-Étienne]] |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
A watan Yunin 2015, Crivelli ya shiga gasar, kuma ya yi nasara a gasar Toulon tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da shekaru 20 ta Faransa . Ya zira kwallaye huɗu a lokacin gasar kuma an zaɓe shi a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye, tare da ɗan wasan Morocco [[Asharaf Bencharki|Achraf Bencharki]] . 

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
An haifi Crivelli a Faransa, ga mahaifin Pied-Noir ɗan ƙasar Aljeriya, kuma asalinsa ɗan asalin Italiya ne da Aljeriya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=rabah |first=Farid Kada |title=Enzo Crivelli parle de ses origines Algériennes &amp;#124; DZBallon L'actu du football Algérien |url=http://dzballon.com/2020/03/15/enzo-crivelli-parle-de-ses-origines-algeriennes/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 November 2019 |title=Enzo Crivelli, chi è l'attaccante dal nome italiano del Başakşehir |url=https://www.direttanews.it/2019/11/28/enzo-crivelli-chi-e/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƙididdigar aiki ==
{{Updated|match played 29 March 2025}}&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot;&gt;{{Soccerway|enzo-crivelli/309689}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Club
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Season
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |League
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coupe de France]], [[Turkish Cup]], [[Swiss Cup]]}}
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coupe de la Ligue]]}}
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Other
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Bordeaux B
|2013–14
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |CFA
|17
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|17
|3
|-
|2014–15
|12
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|12
|3
|-
|2015–16
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!30
!6
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!30
!6
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Bordeaux
|2013–14
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Ligue 1]]
|2
|0
|1
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|3
|0
|-
|2014–15
|11
|1
|1
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|12
|1
|-
|2015–16
|29
|3
|2
|2
|2
|0
|8{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]|name=UEL}}
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|41
|6
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!42
!4
!4
!2
!2
!0
!8
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!56
!7
|-
|Bastia (loan)
|2016–17
|Ligue 1
|24
|10
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|24
|10
|-
|Angers
|2017–18
|Ligue 1
|15
|1
|0
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|17
|1
|-
|Caen (loan)
|2017–18
|Ligue 1
|11
|2
|3
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|14
|2
|-
|Caen
|2018–19
|Ligue 1
|33
|6
|1
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|35
|6
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |İstanbul Başakşehir
|2019–20
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Süper Lig]]
|30
|11
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|11{{Efn|Two appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]], nine appearances and three goals in UEFA Europa League}}
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|44
|14
|-
|2020–21
|36
|2
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|4{{Efn|Appearances in UEFA Champions League|name=UCL}}
|0
|1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Turkish Super Cup]]|name=TSC}}
|0
|44
|2
|-
|2022–23
|1
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|3{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa Conference League]]}}
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|4
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!67
!13
!6
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!18
!3
!1
!0
!92
!16
|-
|[[Antalyaspor]] (loan)
|2021–22
|Süper Lig
|12
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1{{Efn|name=TSC}}
|0
|14
|0
|-
|Saint-Étienne (loan)
|2021–22
|Ligue 1
|4
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2{{Efn|Appearances in [[Ligue 1 relegation/promotion play-offs]]}}
|0
|6
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Servette
|2022–23
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Swiss Super League
|19
|4
|3
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|22
|7
|-
|2023–24
|28
|8
|3
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|11{{Efn|Three appearances in UEFA Champions League, four appearances and one goal in UEFA Europa League, four appearances in UEFA Europa Conference League}}
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|42
|11
|-
|2024–25
|26
|8
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|4{{Efn|Two appearances in UEFA Europa League, two appearances and one goal in UEFA Conference League}}
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|30
|9
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!74
!20
!6
!5
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!15
!2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!94
!27
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Career total
!311
!62
!21
!7
!5
!0
!41
!6
!4
!0
!382
!75
|}
{{Notelist}}

== Daraja ==
'''İstanbul Başakşehir'''

* [[Süper Lig|Gasar Super League]] : 2019–20 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 July 2020 |title=Istanbul's Medipol Başakşehir wins first ever Turkish Süper Lig title |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/sports/football/istanbuls-medipol-basaksehir-wins-first-ever-turkish-super-lig-title |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=Daily Sabah}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Servet'''

* Kofin Switzerland : 2023–24 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2024 Schweizer Cup Final |url=https://www.schweizercup.ch/schweizer-cup/Spiele-und-Statistik/Spiele-und-Resultate.aspx/oid-1/s-2024/cp-4647/cr-109/tg-3984720/ |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=Schweizer Cup |language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Yan ƙasa da shekara 20 na Faransa'''

* Gasar Toulon : 2015 

'''Mutum ɗaya'''

* Wanda Ya Fi Kowa Cin Kwallaye a Gasar Toulon : 2015 

== Manazarta ==

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* Enzo Crivelli at the French Football Federation (in French)
* Enzo Crivelli at the French Football Federation (archived) (in French)
* Enzo Crivelli – French league stats at LFP – also available in French (archived)
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]]</text>
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'''Enzo Vito Gabriel Crivelli''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 1995) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Faransa wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba .

Crivelli ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar Bordeaux a shekarar 2014, kuma ya buga wasanni sama da 50 a ƙungiyar tsawon shekaru biyu da rabi masu zuwa. A watan Agustan 2016, ya koma Bastia a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa, kafin ya sanya hannu na dindindin a Angers a shekara mai zuwa. Bayan ya yi wasa a Caen, Crivelli ya koma ƙungiyar İstanbul Başakşehir ta Turkiyya, inda aka kuma tura shi aro zuwa [[Antalyaspor]] da Saint-Étienne . A shekarar 2022, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zuwa Servette a Switzerland.

Shi ma tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma shi ne ɗan wasan da ya fi zura ƙwallo a Gasar Toulon ta 2015 inda Faransa ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai.

== Aikin kulob ==

=== Bordeaux ===

==== Farkon aikina ====
An haife shi a [[Rouen]], Crivelli ya ci gaba ta hanyar makarantar koyon aikin likitanci ta Cannes, kafin ya koma Bordeaux a shekarar 2012.  A kakar wasansa ta farko a kulob din, ya taimaka wa kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekara 19 ta yi nasara a gasar Coupe Gambardella ta 2013. &lt;ref name=&quot;FFW&quot; /&gt; Daga nan ya fara buga gasar [[Ligue 1]] a ranar 26 ga Janairun 2014 da Saint-Étienne, inda ya maye gurbin [[Abdou Traoré (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi a shekara ta 1988)|Abdou Traoré]] bayan mintuna 83 a wasan da suka ci gida 2-0.  Bayan watanni biyu, ya sake bayyana a wasan gida da Nice .  Crivelli ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Bordeaux a watan Mayun 2015. Kwanaki kaɗan bayan sanya hannu kan kwantiragin, ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a gasar ga ''Les Girondins'' a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Lyon . 

==== kakar 2015–16 ====
Crivelli ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Europa League ga Bordeaux a ranar 27 ga Agusta 2015, a wasan da suka sha kashi 2-1 a hannun Kairat . Yajin aiki ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci, domin ya bai wa Bordeaux damar zura kwallo a raga, wanda hakan ya taimaka musu su kai matakin rukuni na gasar.  Ya bi sahun jarumtarsa ta gasar Europa League ta hanyar zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta 2015-16 ta Ligue 1 a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Toulouse a ranar 20 ga Satumba.  Kwana uku bayan haka, a fafatawar da suka yi da Nice, ya sanya Jaroslav Plašil ya zura kwallon farko, kafin a kore shi a minti na 50. Bordeaux ta sha kashi a wasan da ci 6-1.  A watan Nuwamba, Crivelli ya ƙara kwallaye biyu a ragarsa, inda ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Rennes, kafin ya ci kwallo ta ƙarshe a wasan da Caen ta sha kashi da ci 4-1.   Kwallo da Crivelli ya ci wa Caen ita ce kwallon ƙarshe da ya ci a kakar wasa ta bana, domin bai samu damar zura kwallo a rabin lokaci na biyu na kakar wasa ba, wanda daga ƙarshe ya ƙare da dawowar kwallaye 3 a wasanni 29 da ya buga a gasar. Crivelli ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Europa League ga Bordeaux a ranar 27 ga Agusta 2015, a wasan da suka sha kashi 2-1 a hannun Kairat . Yajin aiki ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci, domin ya bai wa Bordeaux damar zura kwallo a raga, wanda hakan ya taimaka musu su kai matakin rukuni na gasar.  Ya bi sahun jarumtarsa ta gasar Europa League ta hanyar zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta 2015-16 ta Ligue 1 a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Toulouse a ranar 20 ga Satumba.  Kwana uku bayan haka, a fafatawar da suka yi da Nice, ya sanya Jaroslav Plašil ya zura kwallon farko, kafin a kore shi a minti na 50. Bordeaux ta sha kashi a wasan da ci 6-1.  A watan Nuwamba, Crivelli ya ƙara kwallaye biyu a ragarsa, inda ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Rennes, kafin ya ci kwallo ta ƙarshe a wasan da Caen ta sha kashi da ci 4-1.   Kwallo da Crivelli ya ci wa Caen ita ce kwallon ƙarshe da ya ci a kakar wasa ta bana, domin bai samu damar zura kwallo a rabin lokaci na biyu na kakar wasa ba, wanda daga ƙarshe ya ƙare da dawowar kwallaye 3 a wasanni 29 da ya buga a gasar. 

==== Lokacin 2016-17: Lamuni ga Bastia ====
A ranar 3 ga Agusta 2016, Bordeaux ta sanar a lokaci guda cewa Crivelli ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da kulob din na tsawon shekara guda kuma zai yi kakar wasa mai zuwa a matsayin aro a kungiyar Bastia ta Ligue 1.  Ya fara buga wasa a kulob din a ranar 12 ga Agusta 2016, a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 1-0 a hannun zakarun Ligue 1 [[Paris Saint-Germain]] .  Crivelli ya zura kwallayensa na farko a kungiyar a mako mai zuwa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Lorient da ci 3-0. Ya kuma rasa bugun fenariti a lokacin wasan.  A ranar 24 ga Satumba, Crivelli ya zura kwallo daya tilo a wasan da suka doke Guingamp da ci 1-0. Bayan mintuna uku, an kore shi daga fili saboda laifin da aka yi masa na biyu, kuma sakamakon haka, Kwamitin Ladabtarwa na LFP ya dakatar da shi na wasanni hudu.  Ya ƙare kakar wasa da kwallaye 10 a wasanni 24, duk da cewa dawowarsa bai isa ya hana Bastia komawa gasar Ligue 2 ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Andrew |date=20 May 2017 |title=Marseille in Europe, Bastia Down |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/marseille-in-europe-bastia-down.htm |access-date=20 May 2017 |website=Ligue 1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fushi ===
A ranar 27 ga Yuni 2017, Crivelli ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru huɗu tare da ƙungiyar [[Ligue 1]] ta Angers . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2017 |title=Le SCO d'Angers recrute Enzo Crivelli pour quatre ans |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Le-sco-d-angers-recrute-enzo-crivelli-pour-quatre-ans/813984 |access-date=5 July 2017 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ci kwallo a wasansa na farko a kulob din a ranar 12 ga Agusta, inda ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka doke Amiens da ci 2-0 a gasar Ligue 1. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 August 2017 |title=Les Verts enchaînent, Bordeaux se lance |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Les-verts-enchainent-bordeaux-se-lance/825303 |access-date=12 August 2017 |website=[[L'Equipe]]}}{{In lang|fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Caen ===
A ranar 31 ga Janairun 2018, an ba da aro ga Crivelli ga Caen har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa tare da zaɓin siye bisa ga rayuwar Caen a Ligue 1. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 January 2018 |title=Transferts : Enzo Crivelli (Angers) prêté à Caen |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Transferts-enzo-crivelli-angers-prete-a-caen/871721 |access-date=31 January 2018 |website=[[L'Equipe]]}}{{In lang|fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 9 ga Yuni 2018, Caen ta kunna zaɓin siyan kan kusan Yuro miliyan 3. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 June 2018 |title=Crivelli définitivement transféré à Caen |url=http://sport24.lefigaro.fr/football/transferts/fil-info/crivelli-definitivement-transfere-a-caen-officiel-912605 |access-date=9 June 2018 |website=sport24.lefigaro.fr}}{{In lang|fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== İstanbul Başakşehir ===
A ranar 27 ga Yulin 2019, Crivelli ya koma kulob din Turkiyya na İstanbul Başakşehir . 

A ranar 31 ga Janairun 2022, Crivelli ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro da Saint-Étienne, ƙungiyar Ligue 1, har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa. An haɗa da zaɓin siyayya a cikin yarjejeniyar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 January 2022 |title=Enzo Crivelli s'engage avec l'ASSE ! |trans-title=Enzo Crivelli signs for ASSE! |url=https://www.asse.fr/fr/actualites/enzo-crivelli-s-engage-avec-l-asse--ac31697 |publisher=[[AS Saint-Étienne]] |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
A watan Yunin 2015, Crivelli ya shiga gasar, kuma ya yi nasara a gasar Toulon tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da shekaru 20 ta Faransa . Ya zira kwallaye huɗu a lokacin gasar kuma an zaɓe shi a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye, tare da ɗan wasan Morocco [[Asharaf Bencharki|Achraf Bencharki]] . 

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
An haifi Crivelli a Faransa, ga mahaifin Pied-Noir ɗan ƙasar Aljeriya, kuma asalinsa ɗan asalin Italiya ne da Aljeriya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=rabah |first=Farid Kada |title=Enzo Crivelli parle de ses origines Algériennes &amp;#124; DZBallon L'actu du football Algérien |url=http://dzballon.com/2020/03/15/enzo-crivelli-parle-de-ses-origines-algeriennes/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 November 2019 |title=Enzo Crivelli, chi è l'attaccante dal nome italiano del Başakşehir |url=https://www.direttanews.it/2019/11/28/enzo-crivelli-chi-e/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƙididdigar aiki ==
{{Updated|match played 29 March 2025}}&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot;&gt;{{Soccerway|enzo-crivelli/309689}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Club
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Season
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |League
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coupe de France]], [[Turkish Cup]], [[Swiss Cup]]}}
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coupe de la Ligue]]}}
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Other
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Bordeaux B
|2013–14
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |CFA
|17
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|17
|3
|-
|2014–15
|12
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|12
|3
|-
|2015–16
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!30
!6
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!30
!6
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Bordeaux
|2013–14
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Ligue 1]]
|2
|0
|1
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|3
|0
|-
|2014–15
|11
|1
|1
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|12
|1
|-
|2015–16
|29
|3
|2
|2
|2
|0
|8{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]|name=UEL}}
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|41
|6
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!42
!4
!4
!2
!2
!0
!8
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!56
!7
|-
|Bastia (loan)
|2016–17
|Ligue 1
|24
|10
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|24
|10
|-
|Angers
|2017–18
|Ligue 1
|15
|1
|0
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|17
|1
|-
|Caen (loan)
|2017–18
|Ligue 1
|11
|2
|3
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|14
|2
|-
|Caen
|2018–19
|Ligue 1
|33
|6
|1
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|35
|6
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |İstanbul Başakşehir
|2019–20
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Süper Lig]]
|30
|11
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|11{{Efn|Two appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]], nine appearances and three goals in UEFA Europa League}}
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|44
|14
|-
|2020–21
|36
|2
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|4{{Efn|Appearances in UEFA Champions League|name=UCL}}
|0
|1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Turkish Super Cup]]|name=TSC}}
|0
|44
|2
|-
|2022–23
|1
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|3{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa Conference League]]}}
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|4
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!67
!13
!6
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!18
!3
!1
!0
!92
!16
|-
|[[Antalyaspor]] (loan)
|2021–22
|Süper Lig
|12
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|1{{Efn|name=TSC}}
|0
|14
|0
|-
|Saint-Étienne (loan)
|2021–22
|Ligue 1
|4
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2{{Efn|Appearances in [[Ligue 1 relegation/promotion play-offs]]}}
|0
|6
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Servette
|2022–23
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Swiss Super League
|19
|4
|3
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|22
|7
|-
|2023–24
|28
|8
|3
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|11{{Efn|Three appearances in UEFA Champions League, four appearances and one goal in UEFA Europa League, four appearances in UEFA Europa Conference League}}
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|42
|11
|-
|2024–25
|26
|8
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|4{{Efn|Two appearances in UEFA Europa League, two appearances and one goal in UEFA Conference League}}
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|30
|9
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!74
!20
!6
!5
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!15
!2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!94
!27
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Career total
!311
!62
!21
!7
!5
!0
!41
!6
!4
!0
!382
!75
|}
{{Notelist}}

== Daraja ==
'''İstanbul Başakşehir'''

* [[Süper Lig|Gasar Super League]] : 2019–20 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 July 2020 |title=Istanbul's Medipol Başakşehir wins first ever Turkish Süper Lig title |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/sports/football/istanbuls-medipol-basaksehir-wins-first-ever-turkish-super-lig-title |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=Daily Sabah}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Servet'''

* Kofin Switzerland : 2023–24 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2024 Schweizer Cup Final |url=https://www.schweizercup.ch/schweizer-cup/Spiele-und-Statistik/Spiele-und-Resultate.aspx/oid-1/s-2024/cp-4647/cr-109/tg-3984720/ |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=Schweizer Cup |language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Yan ƙasa da shekara 20 na Faransa'''

* Gasar Toulon : 2015 

'''Mutum ɗaya'''

* Wanda Ya Fi Kowa Cin Kwallaye a Gasar Toulon : 2015 

== Manazarta ==

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* Enzo Crivelli at the French Football Federation (in French)
* Enzo Crivelli at the French Football Federation (archived) (in French)
* Enzo Crivelli – French league stats at LFP – also available in French (archived)
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]]</text>
      <sha1>60a3wtvztj9y52xjzzwai2l91mg7gvl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tarek Hamed</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>162920</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893155</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:50:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdurra'uf</username>
        <id>23412</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360411422|Tarek Hamed]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>893155</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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'''Tarek Hamed''' ( Arabic   ; an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Oktoba 1988) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Masar wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya na tsaron gida]] .

== Aikin kulob ==

=== Smouha ===
Bayan sanya hannu kan Smouha, Hamed ya kasance babban ɗan wasa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Hamada Sedki . Ya yi nasarar zama na biyu a gasar Premier League ta Masar da kuma gasar cin kofin Masar .

=== Zamalek ===
A shekarar 2014, Hamed ya rattaba hannu da Zamalek, inda ya zama babban ɗan wasa, inda ya lashe gasa goma sha uku na ƙasa da na nahiyar Turai tare da ƙungiyar.

=== Al-Ittihad ===
A ranar 24 ga Yuli 2022, Hamed ya koma kulob din Al-Ittihad na Saudiyya kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=اتحاد جدة يضم طارق حامد لاعب الزمالك السابق |url=https://www.alarabiya.net/sport/2022/07/24/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D8%B6%D9%85-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AF-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Damac ===
A ranar 4 ga Satumba 2023, Hamed ya koma kulob din Damac na Saudi Pro League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=رسميًا .. ضمك يعلن التعاقد مع طارق حامد |url=https://www.alyaum.com/article/6485385}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kyaututtukan CAF ===
An zabi Hamed a matsayin [[Gwarzon ɗan Wasan Ƙwallon Ƙafar Afirka na Shekara|gwarzon ɗan wasan Afirka na shekara]] a 2017 da 2019 kuma ya ƙare a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa uku da suka kai zagayen ƙarshe a [[Kyautar CAF|gasar CAF Awards]] ta 2019 don mafi kyawun ɗan wasan Afirka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Football |first=CAF-Confedération Africaine du |title=Total CAF Awards |url=https://www.cafonline.com/awards/nominees |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=CAFOnline.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Hamed ya sha yin wasa akai-akai a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Masar, inda ya samu damar buga wasa a karon farko da ya buga da Saudiyya .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2025}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Ya fara dukkan wasanni shida na Masar a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta 2017, inda Masar ta lashe lambar azurfa. Ya kuma buga dukkan wasanni hudu na Masar a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta 2019 .

A watan Mayun 2018, an sanya shi cikin jerin 'yan wasan farko na Masar don [[Kofin kwallon kafar duniya ta 2018|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2018]] a Rasha, inda daga ƙarshe ya fara dukkan wasanni uku na Masar. 

A watan Disamba na 2023, ya sanar da yin ritaya daga buga kwallon kafa ta duniya.

== Ƙididdigar aiki ==

=== Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Misira
|-
! Shekara
! Manhajoji
! Ƙwallaye
|-
| 2013
| 1
| 0
|-
| 2014
| 1
| 0
|-
| 2015
| 2
| 0
|-
| 2016
| 4
| 0
|-
| 2017
| 12
| 0
|-
| 2018
| 11
| 0
|-
| 2019
| 10
| 0
|-
| 2020
| 2
| 0
|-
| 2021
| 6
| 0
|-
| 2022
| 3
| 0
|-
| 2023
| 6
| 1
|-
! Jimilla
! 58
! 1
|}

== Daraja ==
'''Zamalek'''

* Gasar Firimiya ta Masar : 2014–15, 2020–21, 2021–22
* Kofin Masar : 2014–15, 2015–16, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21
* Kofin Super na Masar : 2016, 2019
* Kofin Confederation na CAF : 2018–19
* [[CAF Super Cup]] : 2020
* Kofin Super Cup na Saudiyya da Masar : 2018

'''Al-Ittihad'''

* Ƙungiyar Ƙwararru ta Saudiyya : 2022–23
* Kofin Super na Saudiyya : 2022

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* {{UEFA player}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]]</text>
      <sha1>djb329utfusbjd7bwbw5j5erdz0cdc5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893159</id>
      <parentid>893155</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T16:51:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdurra'uf</username>
        <id>23412</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>inganta muqala</comment>
      <origin>893159</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3801" sha1="fkrrlsqa3n9sb8o1yc2wj4yeeg23rcd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Tarek Hamed''' ( Arabic   ; an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Oktoba 1988) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Masar wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya na tsaron gida]] .

== Aikin kulob ==

=== Smouha ===
Bayan sanya hannu kan Smouha, Hamed ya kasance babban ɗan wasa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Hamada Sedki . Ya yi nasarar zama na biyu a gasar Premier League ta Masar da kuma gasar cin kofin Masar .

=== Zamalek ===
A shekarar 2014, Hamed ya rattaba hannu da Zamalek, inda ya zama babban ɗan wasa, inda ya lashe gasa goma sha uku na ƙasa da na nahiyar Turai tare da ƙungiyar.

=== Al-Ittihad ===
A ranar 24 ga Yuli 2022, Hamed ya koma kulob din Al-Ittihad na Saudiyya kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=اتحاد جدة يضم طارق حامد لاعب الزمالك السابق |url=https://www.alarabiya.net/sport/2022/07/24/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D8%B6%D9%85-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AF-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Damac ===
A ranar 4 ga Satumba 2023, Hamed ya koma kulob din Damac na Saudi Pro League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=رسميًا .. ضمك يعلن التعاقد مع طارق حامد |url=https://www.alyaum.com/article/6485385}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kyaututtukan CAF ===
An zabi Hamed a matsayin [[Gwarzon ɗan Wasan Ƙwallon Ƙafar Afirka na Shekara|gwarzon ɗan wasan Afirka na shekara]] a 2017 da 2019 kuma ya ƙare a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa uku da suka kai zagayen ƙarshe a [[Kyautar CAF|gasar CAF Awards]] ta 2019 don mafi kyawun ɗan wasan Afirka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Football |first=CAF-Confedération Africaine du |title=Total CAF Awards |url=https://www.cafonline.com/awards/nominees |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=CAFOnline.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Hamed ya sha yin wasa akai-akai a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Masar, inda ya samu damar buga wasa a karon farko da ya buga da Saudiyya .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2025}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Ya fara dukkan wasanni shida na Masar a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta 2017, inda Masar ta lashe lambar azurfa. Ya kuma buga dukkan wasanni hudu na Masar a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta 2019 .

A watan Mayun 2018, an sanya shi cikin jerin 'yan wasan farko na Masar don [[Kofin kwallon kafar duniya ta 2018|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2018]] a Rasha, inda daga ƙarshe ya fara dukkan wasanni uku na Masar. 

A watan Disamba na 2023, ya sanar da yin ritaya daga buga kwallon kafa ta duniya.

== Ƙididdigar aiki ==

=== Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Misira
|-
! Shekara
! Manhajoji
! Ƙwallaye
|-
| 2013
| 1
| 0
|-
| 2014
| 1
| 0
|-
| 2015
| 2
| 0
|-
| 2016
| 4
| 0
|-
| 2017
| 12
| 0
|-
| 2018
| 11
| 0
|-
| 2019
| 10
| 0
|-
| 2020
| 2
| 0
|-
| 2021
| 6
| 0
|-
| 2022
| 3
| 0
|-
| 2023
| 6
| 1
|-
! Jimilla
! 58
! 1
|}

== Daraja ==
'''Zamalek'''

* Gasar Firimiya ta Masar : 2014–15, 2020–21, 2021–22
* Kofin Masar : 2014–15, 2015–16, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21
* Kofin Super na Masar : 2016, 2019
* Kofin Confederation na CAF : 2018–19
* [[CAF Super Cup]] : 2020
* Kofin Super Cup na Saudiyya da Masar : 2018

'''Al-Ittihad'''

* Ƙungiyar Ƙwararru ta Saudiyya : 2022–23
* Kofin Super na Saudiyya : 2022

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* {{UEFA player}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Ondřej Čelůstka</title>
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'''Ondřej Čelůstka''' Ondřej Čelůstka (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Yuni 1989; an furta shi [ˈondr̝ɛj ˈtʃɛluːstka]) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Czech wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya.

Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Czech daga 2013 zuwa 2021 kuma ya wakilci ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 a Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta 2011.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>893185</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-08T17:02:32Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Abdurra'uf</username>
        <id>23412</id>
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      <comment>inganta muqala</comment>
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'''Ondřej Čelůstka''' Ondřej Čelůstka (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Yuni 1989; an furta shi [ˈondr̝ɛj ˈtʃɛluːstka]) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Czech wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya.

Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Czech daga 2013 zuwa 2021 kuma ya wakilci ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 a Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta 2011.

== Aikin kulob ==
Farkon aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa
Čelůstka ya fara aikinsa tare da Fastav Zlín, inda ya fara buga wasa a gasar Czech First League a kakar wasa ta 2007-08, sannan ya buga wasa akai-akai a wannan kakar. Kyawawan ayyukansa sun tabbatar masa da kasancewa a matsayinsa na yau da kullun tare da ƙungiyar Slavia Prague mai jagoranci a Czech, wacce ya buga wasanni goma sha huɗu tare da ita kuma ya zira kwallo a rabin farko na gasar Czech First League ta 2009-10.

A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2010, Čelůstka ya sanya hannu da ƙungiyar Serie A ta U.S. Città di Palermo a matsayin aro, tare da zaɓin ɗaukar sa har abada a ƙarshen kakar wasa. An ba shi rigar rosanero mai lamba #89. Ya fara buga gasar Serie A ta 2010, inda ya maye gurbin Marco Calderoni a rabin na biyu yayin da suka yi nasara a gida da Bologna da ci 3-1.</text>
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        <id>23412</id>
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'''Ondřej Čelůstka''' Ondřej Čelůstka (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Yuni 1989; an furta shi [ˈondr̝ɛj ˈtʃɛluːstka]) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Czech wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya.

Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Czech daga 2013 zuwa 2021 kuma ya wakilci ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 a Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta 2011.

== Aikin kulob ==
=== Farkon aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa ===

Čelůstka ya fara aikinsa tare da Fastav Zlín, inda ya fara buga wasa a gasar Czech First League a kakar wasa ta 2007-08, sannan ya buga wasa akai-akai a wannan kakar. Kyawawan ayyukansa sun tabbatar masa da kasancewa a matsayinsa na yau da kullun tare da ƙungiyar Slavia Prague mai jagoranci a Czech, wacce ya buga wasanni goma sha huɗu tare da ita kuma ya zira kwallo a rabin farko na gasar Czech First League ta 2009-10.

A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2010, Čelůstka ya sanya hannu da ƙungiyar Serie A ta U.S. Città di Palermo a matsayin aro, tare da zaɓin ɗaukar sa har abada a ƙarshen kakar wasa. An ba shi rigar rosanero mai lamba #89. Ya fara buga gasar Serie A ta 2010, inda ya maye gurbin Marco Calderoni a rabin na biyu yayin da suka yi nasara a gida da Bologna da ci 3-1.</text>
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'''Ondřej Čelůstka''' Ondřej Čelůstka (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Yuni 1989; an furta shi [ˈondr̝ɛj ˈtʃɛluːstka]) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Czech wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya.

Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Czech daga 2013 zuwa 2021 kuma ya wakilci ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 a Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta 2011.

== Aikin kulob ==
=== Farkon aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa ===

Čelůstka ya fara aikinsa tare da Fastav Zlín, inda ya fara buga wasa a gasar Czech First League a kakar wasa ta 2007-08, sannan ya buga wasa akai-akai a wannan kakar. Kyawawan ayyukansa sun tabbatar masa da kasancewa a matsayinsa na yau da kullun tare da ƙungiyar Slavia Prague mai jagoranci a Czech, wacce ya buga wasanni goma sha huɗu tare da ita kuma ya zira kwallo a rabin farko na gasar Czech First League ta 2009-10.

A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2010, Čelůstka ya sanya hannu da ƙungiyar Serie A ta U.S. Città di Palermo a matsayin aro, tare da zaɓin ɗaukar sa har abada a ƙarshen kakar wasa. An ba shi rigar rosanero mai lamba #89. Ya fara buga gasar Serie A ta 2010, inda ya maye gurbin Marco Calderoni a rabin na biyu yayin da suka yi nasara a gida da Bologna da ci 3-1.

== Trabzonspor ==
A ranar 8 ga Yulin 2011, Čelůstka ya koma kulob din Trabzonspor na Turkiyya kan kudin canja wuri na €900,000 kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar. Kungiyar ta ba shi rigar lamba 28.

A lokacin wasan da suka yi da Inter Milan a San Siro, Čelůstka ya ci kwallo daya tilo a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Trabzonspor da ci 1-0 a waje a gasar zakarun Turai ta 2011-12.

== An ba shi aro zuwa Sunderland ==

Čelůstka ya koma kulob din Premier League na [[Ingila]] Sunderland kan yarjejeniyar aro na tsawon kakar wasa a ranar 12 ga Agusta 2013. Ya fara buga gasar Premier a filin wasa na Stadium of Light kwanaki biyar bayan haka, inda ya buga rabin raga daga yadi 30 wanda Maarten Stekelenburg ya cece shi yayin da kungiyar ta fara kakar wasa da rashin nasara 1-0 a hannun [[Fulham]]. Čelůstka ba a yi amfani da shi ba a lokacin da Sunderland ta sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun [[Manchester City]] a wasan ƙarshe na cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa na 2014 a filin wasa na Wembley ranar 2 ga Maris.</text>
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        <id>23412</id>
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      <comment>inganta muqala</comment>
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      <text bytes="3380" sha1="th64z9prnxpptaw3dmywef4izg1s76y" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Ondřej Čelůstka''' Ondřej Čelůstka (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Yuni 1989; an furta shi [ˈondr̝ɛj ˈtʃɛluːstka]) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Czech wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya.

Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Czech daga 2013 zuwa 2021 kuma ya wakilci ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 a Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta 2011.

== Aikin kulob ==
=== Farkon aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa ===

Čelůstka ya fara aikinsa tare da Fastav Zlín, inda ya fara buga wasa a gasar Czech First League a kakar wasa ta 2007-08, sannan ya buga wasa akai-akai a wannan kakar. Kyawawan ayyukansa sun tabbatar masa da kasancewa a matsayinsa na yau da kullun tare da ƙungiyar Slavia Prague mai jagoranci a Czech, wacce ya buga wasanni goma sha huɗu tare da ita kuma ya zira kwallo a rabin farko na gasar Czech First League ta 2009-10.

A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2010, Čelůstka ya sanya hannu da ƙungiyar Serie A ta U.S. Città di Palermo a matsayin aro, tare da zaɓin ɗaukar sa har abada a ƙarshen kakar wasa. An ba shi rigar rosanero mai lamba #89. Ya fara buga gasar Serie A ta 2010, inda ya maye gurbin Marco Calderoni a rabin na biyu yayin da suka yi nasara a gida da Bologna da ci 3-1.

== Trabzonspor ==
A ranar 8 ga Yulin 2011, Čelůstka ya koma kulob din Trabzonspor na Turkiyya kan kudin canja wuri na €900,000 kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar. Kungiyar ta ba shi rigar lamba 28.

A lokacin wasan da suka yi da Inter Milan a San Siro, Čelůstka ya ci kwallo daya tilo a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Trabzonspor da ci 1-0 a waje a gasar zakarun Turai ta 2011-12.

== An ba shi aro zuwa Sunderland ==

Čelůstka ya koma kulob din Premier League na [[Ingila]] Sunderland kan yarjejeniyar aro na tsawon kakar wasa a ranar 12 ga Agusta 2013. Ya fara buga gasar Premier a filin wasa na Stadium of Light kwanaki biyar bayan haka, inda ya buga rabin raga daga yadi 30 wanda Maarten Stekelenburg ya cece shi yayin da kungiyar ta fara kakar wasa da rashin nasara 1-0 a hannun [[Fulham]]. Čelůstka ba a yi amfani da shi ba a lokacin da Sunderland ta sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun [[Manchester City]] a wasan ƙarshe na cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa na 2014 a filin wasa na Wembley ranar 2 ga Maris.

==  Daga baya aiki ==
A ranar 24 ga Agusta 2014, Čelůstka ya koma 1. FC Nürnberg na 2. Bundesliga a kan canja wuri kyauta bayan an sake shi daga Trabzonspor.

A ranar 31 ga Yuli 2020, Čelůstka ya koma Sparta Prague na Czech First League a kan canja wuri kyauta bayan an sake shi daga Antalyaspor.

A ranar 6 ga Yuli 2023, Čelůstka ya koma Bodrum na TFF First League a kan canja wuri kyauta bayan an sake shi daga Sparta Prague.

A ranar 16 ga Yuni 2025, Čelůstka ya sanar a shafukan sada zumunta cewa ya ƙare aikinsa saboda dalilai na lafiya.

== Ayyukansa na ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Čelůstka ya wakilci ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa na Czech Republic daban-daban waɗanda suka kama daga 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 zuwa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21. Ayyukansa a Gasar Cin Kofin Kwallon Kafa ta UEFA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta 2011 sun sa aka sanya shi cikin ƙungiyar Gasar. A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 2013, ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar wasa a wasan da suka doke Kanada da ci 2-0, inda ya ci kwallaye bayan mintuna uku kacal.

== Ƙididdigar aiki ==</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Abdurra'uf</username>
        <id>23412</id>
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      <comment>inganta muqala</comment>
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'''Ondřej Čelůstka''' Ondřej Čelůstka (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Yuni 1989; an furta shi [ˈondr̝ɛj ˈtʃɛluːstka]) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Czech wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.ilpalermocalcio.it/it/0910/news_scheda.jsp?id=19710|title=Ultimi movimenti di mercato per i rosa|date=1 February 2010|access-date=1 February 2010|publisher=US Città di Palermo|language=it|archive-date=4 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204094627/http://www.ilpalermocalcio.it/it/0910/news_scheda.jsp?id=19710|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Czech daga 2013 zuwa 2021 kuma ya wakilci ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 a Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.ilpalermocalcio.it/it/0910/news_scheda.jsp?id=19731|title=Maglia numero 89 per Celustka|date=3 February 2010|access-date=3 February 2010|publisher=US Città di Palermo|language=it}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==
=== Farkon aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa ===

Čelůstka ya fara aikinsa tare da Fastav Zlín, inda ya fara buga wasa a gasar Czech First League a kakar wasa ta 2007-08, sannan ya buga wasa akai-akai a wannan kakar. Kyawawan ayyukansa sun tabbatar masa da kasancewa a matsayinsa na yau da kullun tare da ƙungiyar Slavia Prague mai jagoranci a Czech, wacce ya buga wasanni goma sha huɗu tare da ita kuma ya zira kwallo a rabin farko na gasar Czech First League ta 2009-10.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.kap.gov.tr/yay/Bildirim/Bildirim.aspx?id=161098|title=Profesyonel futbolcu Ondrej Celustka ile anlaşma sağlanmıştır.|website=Turkish Public Disclosure System (KAP)|date=8 July 2011|access-date=23 September 2011|language=tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2010, Čelůstka ya sanya hannu da ƙungiyar Serie A ta U.S. Città di Palermo a matsayin aro, tare da zaɓin ɗaukar sa har abada a ƙarshen kakar wasa. An ba shi rigar rosanero mai lamba #89. Ya fara buga gasar Serie A ta 2010, inda ya maye gurbin Marco Calderoni a rabin na biyu yayin da suka yi nasara a gida da Bologna da ci 3-1.

== Trabzonspor ==
A ranar 8 ga Yulin 2011, Čelůstka ya koma kulob din Trabzonspor na Turkiyya kan kudin canja wuri na €900,000 kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar. Kungiyar ta ba shi rigar lamba 28.

A lokacin wasan da suka yi da Inter Milan a San Siro, Čelůstka ya ci kwallo daya tilo a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Trabzonspor da ci 1-0 a waje a gasar zakarun Turai ta 2011-12.

== An ba shi aro zuwa Sunderland ==

Čelůstka ya koma kulob din Premier League na [[Ingila]] Sunderland kan yarjejeniyar aro na tsawon kakar wasa a ranar 12 ga Agusta 2013. Ya fara buga gasar Premier a filin wasa na Stadium of Light kwanaki biyar bayan haka, inda ya buga rabin raga daga yadi 30 wanda Maarten Stekelenburg ya cece shi yayin da kungiyar ta fara kakar wasa da rashin nasara 1-0 a hannun [[Fulham]]. Čelůstka ba a yi amfani da shi ba a lokacin da Sunderland ta sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun [[Manchester City]] a wasan ƙarshe na cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa na 2014 a filin wasa na Wembley ranar 2 ga Maris.

==  Daga baya aiki ==
A ranar 24 ga Agusta 2014, Čelůstka ya koma 1. FC Nürnberg na 2. Bundesliga a kan canja wuri kyauta bayan an sake shi daga Trabzonspor.

A ranar 31 ga Yuli 2020, Čelůstka ya koma Sparta Prague na Czech First League a kan canja wuri kyauta bayan an sake shi daga Antalyaspor.

A ranar 6 ga Yuli 2023, Čelůstka ya koma Bodrum na TFF First League a kan canja wuri kyauta bayan an sake shi daga Sparta Prague.

A ranar 16 ga Yuni 2025, Čelůstka ya sanar a shafukan sada zumunta cewa ya ƙare aikinsa saboda dalilai na lafiya.

== Ayyukansa na ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Čelůstka ya wakilci ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa na Czech Republic daban-daban waɗanda suka kama daga 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 zuwa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21. Ayyukansa a Gasar Cin Kofin Kwallon Kafa ta UEFA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta 2011 sun sa aka sanya shi cikin ƙungiyar Gasar. A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 2013, ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar wasa a wasan da suka doke Kanada da ci 2-0, inda ya ci kwallaye bayan mintuna uku kacal.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Abdurra'uf</username>
        <id>23412</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>inganta muqala</comment>
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'''Ondřej Čelůstka'''&lt;ref&gt;https://www.sport.cz/clanek/fotbal-ceska-1-liga-fotbalovy-obrance-celustka-vymeni-spartu-za-druhou-tureckou-ligu-4319172&lt;/ref&gt; Ondřej Čelůstka (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Yuni 1989; an furta shi [ˈondr̝ɛj ˈtʃɛluːstka]) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Czech wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.ilpalermocalcio.it/it/0910/news_scheda.jsp?id=19710|title=Ultimi movimenti di mercato per i rosa|date=1 February 2010|access-date=1 February 2010|publisher=US Città di Palermo|language=it|archive-date=4 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204094627/http://www.ilpalermocalcio.it/it/0910/news_scheda.jsp?id=19710|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Czech daga 2013 zuwa 2021 kuma ya wakilci ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 a Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.ilpalermocalcio.it/it/0910/news_scheda.jsp?id=19731|title=Maglia numero 89 per Celustka|date=3 February 2010|access-date=3 February 2010|publisher=US Città di Palermo|language=it}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==
=== Farkon aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa ===

Čelůstka ya fara aikinsa tare da Fastav Zlín, inda ya fara buga wasa a gasar Czech First League a kakar wasa ta 2007-08, sannan ya buga wasa akai-akai a wannan kakar. Kyawawan ayyukansa sun tabbatar masa da kasancewa a matsayinsa na yau da kullun tare da ƙungiyar Slavia Prague mai jagoranci a Czech, wacce ya buga wasanni goma sha huɗu tare da ita kuma ya zira kwallo a rabin farko na gasar Czech First League ta 2009-10.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.kap.gov.tr/yay/Bildirim/Bildirim.aspx?id=161098|title=Profesyonel futbolcu Ondrej Celustka ile anlaşma sağlanmıştır.|website=Turkish Public Disclosure System (KAP)|date=8 July 2011|access-date=23 September 2011|language=tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2010, Čelůstka ya sanya hannu da ƙungiyar Serie A ta U.S. Città di Palermo a matsayin aro, tare da zaɓin ɗaukar sa har abada a ƙarshen kakar wasa. An ba shi rigar rosanero mai lamba #89. Ya fara buga gasar Serie A ta 2010, inda ya maye gurbin Marco Calderoni a rabin na biyu yayin da suka yi nasara a gida da Bologna da ci 3-1.

== Trabzonspor ==
A ranar 8 ga Yulin 2011, Čelůstka ya koma kulob din Trabzonspor na Turkiyya kan kudin canja wuri na €900,000 kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar. Kungiyar ta ba shi rigar lamba 28.

A lokacin wasan da suka yi da Inter Milan a San Siro, Čelůstka ya ci kwallo daya tilo a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Trabzonspor da ci 1-0 a waje a gasar zakarun Turai ta 2011-12.

== An ba shi aro zuwa Sunderland ==

Čelůstka ya koma kulob din Premier League na [[Ingila]] Sunderland kan yarjejeniyar aro na tsawon kakar wasa a ranar 12 ga Agusta 2013. Ya fara buga gasar Premier a filin wasa na Stadium of Light kwanaki biyar bayan haka, inda ya buga rabin raga daga yadi 30 wanda Maarten Stekelenburg ya cece shi yayin da kungiyar ta fara kakar wasa da rashin nasara 1-0 a hannun [[Fulham]]. Čelůstka ba a yi amfani da shi ba a lokacin da Sunderland ta sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun [[Manchester City]] a wasan ƙarshe na cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa na 2014 a filin wasa na Wembley ranar 2 ga Maris.

==  Daga baya aiki ==
A ranar 24 ga Agusta 2014, Čelůstka ya koma 1. FC Nürnberg na 2. Bundesliga a kan canja wuri kyauta bayan an sake shi daga Trabzonspor.

A ranar 31 ga Yuli 2020, Čelůstka ya koma Sparta Prague na Czech First League a kan canja wuri kyauta bayan an sake shi daga Antalyaspor.

A ranar 6 ga Yuli 2023, Čelůstka ya koma Bodrum na TFF First League a kan canja wuri kyauta bayan an sake shi daga Sparta Prague.

A ranar 16 ga Yuni 2025, Čelůstka ya sanar a shafukan sada zumunta cewa ya ƙare aikinsa saboda dalilai na lafiya.

== Ayyukansa na ƙasa da ƙasa ==
Čelůstka ya wakilci ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa na Czech Republic daban-daban waɗanda suka kama daga 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 zuwa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21. Ayyukansa a Gasar Cin Kofin Kwallon Kafa ta UEFA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta 2011 sun sa aka sanya shi cikin ƙungiyar Gasar. A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 2013, ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar wasa a wasan da suka doke Kanada da ci 2-0, inda ya ci kwallaye bayan mintuna uku kacal.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Rodrigo Zalazar</title>
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'''Rodrigo Zalazar Martínez''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Agusta 1999) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Uruguay wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari a ƙungiyar Primeira Liga Sporting CP da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Uruguay.

== Aikin kulob ==
===Tun daga farkon aikinsa===
Zalazar ya shiga rukunin matasa na Albacete Balompié a shekarar 2007, yana da shekaru takwas. A shekarar 2014, ya koma Málaga CF kuma an fara sanya shi cikin tawagar Cadete.

A shekarar 2018, bayan kammala horar da shi, an daukaka Zalazar zuwa kungiyar ajiyar Málaga a Segunda División B, amma bai yi rijista ba tsawon kakar wasa bayan da kungiyar ba ta da guraben yin rijista kyauta; daga nan ya ki amincewa da aro ga kungiyar Tercera División, domin kwantiraginsa zai kare a bazara mai zuwa.

===Eintracht Frankfurt===
A ranar 2 ga Yuli 2019, Zalazar ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu da kungiyar Bundesliga Eintracht Frankfurt a ranar 2 ga Yuli 2019.

===Lamuni ga Korona Kielce===
Kwanaki uku bayan ya koma Eintracht Frankfurt, kungiyar Ekstraklasa Korona Kielce ta sanya hannu kan Zalazar kan yarjejeniyar aro na shekara daya don kakar 2019-20. Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasa na farko a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2019, inda ya maye gurbin Erik Pačinda a minti na 70 a wasan da suka doke Raków Częstochowa da ci 1-0 a gasar La Liga.

Ba a cika amfani da Zalazar a ƙungiyar farko ba, kuma ya buga wa Korona Kielce II wasa a gasar III, inda ya zira kwallaye uku a wasanni 10.

===An ba shi aro zuwa FC St. Pauli===
A ranar 6 ga Agusta 2020, 2. Kungiyar Bundesliga FC St. Pauli ta sanar da siyan Zalazar a kan yarjejeniyar aro na tsawon kakar wasa. Ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a fannin ƙwararru a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, inda ya zira kwallon da ta ba shi damar cin bugun fenariti a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da FC Nürnberg.

Zalazar ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2020-21 da kwallaye shida a wasanni 35 gaba ɗaya, yayin da St. Pauli ya kare a matsayi na 10.</text>
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'''Rodrigo Zalazar Martínez''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Agusta 1999) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Uruguay wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari a ƙungiyar Primeira Liga Sporting CP da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Uruguay.

== Aikin kulob ==
===Tun daga farkon aikinsa===
Zalazar ya shiga rukunin matasa na Albacete Balompié a shekarar 2007, yana da shekaru takwas. A shekarar 2014, ya koma Málaga CF kuma an fara sanya shi cikin tawagar Cadete.

A shekarar 2018, bayan kammala horar da shi, an daukaka Zalazar zuwa kungiyar ajiyar Málaga a Segunda División B, amma bai yi rijista ba tsawon kakar wasa bayan da kungiyar ba ta da guraben yin rijista kyauta; daga nan ya ki amincewa da aro ga kungiyar Tercera División, domin kwantiraginsa zai kare a bazara mai zuwa.

===Eintracht Frankfurt===
A ranar 2 ga Yuli 2019, Zalazar ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu da kungiyar Bundesliga Eintracht Frankfurt a ranar 2 ga Yuli 2019.

===Lamuni ga Korona Kielce===
Kwanaki uku bayan ya koma Eintracht Frankfurt, kungiyar Ekstraklasa Korona Kielce ta sanya hannu kan Zalazar kan yarjejeniyar aro na shekara daya don kakar 2019-20. Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasa na farko a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2019, inda ya maye gurbin Erik Pačinda a minti na 70 a wasan da suka doke Raków Częstochowa da ci 1-0 a gasar La Liga.

Ba a cika amfani da Zalazar a ƙungiyar farko ba, kuma ya buga wa Korona Kielce II wasa a gasar III, inda ya zira kwallaye uku a wasanni 10.

===An ba shi aro zuwa FC St. Pauli===
A ranar 6 ga Agusta 2020, 2. Kungiyar Bundesliga FC St. Pauli ta sanar da siyan Zalazar a kan yarjejeniyar aro na tsawon kakar wasa. Ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a fannin ƙwararru a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, inda ya zira kwallon da ta ba shi damar cin bugun fenariti a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da FC Nürnberg.

Zalazar ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2020-21 da kwallaye shida a wasanni 35 gaba ɗaya, yayin da St. Pauli ya kare a matsayi na 10.

==Schalke 04==
A ranar 4 ga Agusta 2021, Zalazar ya amince ya koma ƙungiyar Schalke 04 ta rukuni na biyu a kan aro na tsawon kakar wasa tare da zaɓin sanya shi na dindindin har zuwa 2026. A ranar 25 ga Maris 2022, Schalke ta yi amfani da wannan zaɓin, kuma ya amince da kwangilar shekaru huɗu na dindindin tare da ƙungiyar, wanda zai fara aiki daga ranar 1 ga Yuli. Ya kammala kakar wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan farko na yau da kullun yayin da ƙungiyar ta sami nasarar shiga gasar Bundesliga a matsayin zakara, inda ya zira ƙwallon da ta ba da mamaki a wasan da suka doke St. Pauli da ci 3-2 wanda ya tabbatar da samun ci gaba.

Zalazar ya fara buga wasa a babban rukunin ƙwallon ƙafa na Jamus a ranar 7 ga Agusta 2022, inda ya fara da rashin nasara a waje da FC Köln da ci 3-1. Ya zira ƙwallonsa ta farko a babban rukuni kwanaki shida bayan haka, inda ya zira ƙwallon farko a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Borussia Mönchengladbach.

A watan Yunin 2023, bayan da Schalke ta koma mataki na biyu, jaridar Bild ta ruwaito cewa Zalazar yana neman barin ƙungiyar.

===Braga===
A watan Yulin 2023, Zalazar ya koma ƙungiyar Primeira Liga Braga, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru huɗu kan kuɗin canja wuri da aka ruwaito na €6m.

===Sporting CP===
A ranar 15 ga Mayu 2026, Sporting CP ta sanar da siyan Zalazar kan kuɗin €30m, da kuma yarjejeniyar sakin €80m. Wannan ya sa ya zama mafi tsada tsakanin ƙungiyoyi biyu na Portugal, wanda ya zarce tarihin da Porto ta biya na €20m a baya kan David Carmo.

==Aikin ƙasashen duniya==
An haife shi a Spain ga iyayensa 'yan Uruguay, Zalazar ya cancanci wakiltar Uruguay da Spain a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Yayin da babban ɗan'uwansa ya zaɓi Spain, ya bi sawun mahaifinsa kuma ya zaɓi ya buga wa Uruguay wasa.

Zalazar ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a shekarar 2018, kuma an haɗa shi cikin tawagar Fabián Coito don Gasar Cin Kofin 'Yan Ƙasa na Kudancin Amurka ta 2019 a watan Janairun 2019. Ya buga wasanni bakwai a gasar, inda ya taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa ta kare a matsayi na uku.

A watan Yunin 2023, Zalazar ya sami kiran farko zuwa babbar ƙungiyar don wasannin sada zumunci da Nicaragua da Cuba. Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 14 ga Yuni, inda ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 4-1 a kan tsohuwar. A ranar 31 ga Mayu 2026, an sanya shi cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 26 ta Uruguay don Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA ta 2026.

==Rayuwar Kansa==
Rodrigo ɗan tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Uruguay ne José Zalazar, kuma ɗan'uwan tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Sipaniya Kuki Zalazar da ɗan wasan Schalke 04 Mauro Zalazar. An haife shi a Albacete, Castilla–La Mancha, yayin da mahaifinsa ɗan wasan ƙungiyar Albacete ta gida ne.</text>
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'''Rodrigo Zalazar Martínez'''&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rodrigo_Zalazar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1&lt;/ref&gt; (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Agusta 1999) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Uruguay wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari a ƙungiyar Primeira Liga Sporting CP da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Uruguay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://as.com/futbol/internacional/rodrigo-zalazar-talento-uruguayo-cultivado-en-albacete-n/|title=Rodrigo Zalazar: talento uruguayo cultivado en Albacete|trans-title=Rodrigo Zalazar: Uruguayan talent raised at Albacete|publisher=[[Diario AS]]|language=es|date=4 July 2023|accessdate=12 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==
===Tun daga farkon aikinsa===
Zalazar ya shiga rukunin matasa na Albacete Balompié a shekarar 2007, yana da shekaru takwas. A shekarar 2014, ya koma Málaga CF kuma an fara sanya shi cikin tawagar Cadete.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.marca.com/2014/11/06/futbol/futbol_internacional/resto_de_america/1415292651.html|title=La saga de los Zalazar|trans-title=The saga of the Zalazar|publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]]|language=es|date=6 November 2014|accessdate=12 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2018, bayan kammala horar da shi, an daukaka Zalazar zuwa kungiyar ajiyar Málaga a Segunda División B, amma bai yi rijista ba tsawon kakar wasa bayan da kungiyar ba ta da guraben yin rijista kyauta; daga nan ya ki amincewa da aro ga kungiyar Tercera División, domin kwantiraginsa zai kare a bazara mai zuwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.merchanendirecto.es/futbol/incomprensible-melendez-y-rodri-zalazar-sin-ficha/|title=¡Incomprensible! Meléndez y Rodri Zalazar, sin ficha|trans-title=Incomprehensible! Meléndez and Rodri Zalazar, unregistered|publisher=Merchán en directo|language=es|date=3 September 2018|accessdate=12 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Eintracht Frankfurt===
A ranar 2 ga Yuli 2019, Zalazar ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu da kungiyar Bundesliga Eintracht Frankfurt a ranar 2 ga Yuli 2019.

===Lamuni ga Korona Kielce===
Kwanaki uku bayan ya koma Eintracht Frankfurt, kungiyar Ekstraklasa Korona Kielce ta sanya hannu kan Zalazar kan yarjejeniyar aro na shekara daya don kakar 2019-20. Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasa na farko a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2019, inda ya maye gurbin Erik Pačinda a minti na 70 a wasan da suka doke Raków Częstochowa&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fcstpauli.com/en/news/published/rodrigo-zalazar-speaks-to-the-press-after-the-nurnberg-game/|title=Zalazar: &quot;I feel very much at home and try to show that on the pitch&quot;|publisher=FC St. Pauli|date=21 October 2020|accessdate=12 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; da ci 1-0 a gasar La Liga.

Ba a cika amfani da Zalazar a ƙungiyar farko ba, kuma ya buga wa Korona Kielce II wasa a gasar III, inda ya zira kwallaye uku a wasanni 10.

===An ba shi aro zuwa FC St. Pauli===
A ranar 6 ga Agusta 2020, 2. Kungiyar Bundesliga FC St. Pauli ta sanar da siyan Zalazar a kan yarjejeniyar aro na tsawon kakar wasa. Ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a fannin ƙwararru a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, inda ya zira kwallon da ta ba shi damar cin bugun fenariti a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da FC Nürnberg.

Zalazar ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2020-21 da kwallaye shida a wasanni 35 gaba ɗaya, yayin da St. Pauli ya kare a matsayi na 10.

==Schalke 04==
A ranar 4 ga Agusta 2021, Zalazar ya amince ya koma ƙungiyar Schalke 04 ta rukuni na biyu a kan aro na tsawon kakar wasa tare da zaɓin sanya shi na dindindin har zuwa 2026. A ranar 25 ga Maris 2022, Schalke ta yi amfani da wannan zaɓin, kuma ya amince da kwangilar shekaru huɗu na dindindin tare da ƙungiyar, wanda zai fara aiki daga ranar 1 ga Yuli. Ya kammala kakar wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan farko na yau da kullun yayin da ƙungiyar ta sami nasarar shiga gasar Bundesliga a matsayin zakara, inda ya zira ƙwallon da ta ba da mamaki a wasan da suka doke St. Pauli da ci 3-2 wanda ya tabbatar da samun ci gaba.

Zalazar ya fara buga wasa a babban rukunin ƙwallon ƙafa na Jamus a ranar 7 ga Agusta 2022, inda ya fara da rashin nasara a waje da FC Köln da ci 3-1. Ya zira ƙwallonsa ta farko a babban rukuni kwanaki shida bayan haka, inda ya zira ƙwallon farko a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Borussia Mönchengladbach.

A watan Yunin 2023, bayan da Schalke ta koma mataki na biyu, jaridar Bild ta ruwaito cewa Zalazar yana neman barin ƙungiyar.

===Braga===
A watan Yulin 2023, Zalazar ya koma ƙungiyar Primeira Liga Braga, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru huɗu kan kuɗin canja wuri da aka ruwaito na €6m.

===Sporting CP===
A ranar 15 ga Mayu 2026, Sporting CP ta sanar da siyan Zalazar kan kuɗin €30m, da kuma yarjejeniyar sakin €80m. Wannan ya sa ya zama mafi tsada tsakanin ƙungiyoyi biyu na Portugal, wanda ya zarce tarihin da Porto ta biya na €20m a baya kan David Carmo.

==Aikin ƙasashen duniya==
An haife shi a Spain ga iyayensa 'yan Uruguay, Zalazar ya cancanci wakiltar Uruguay da Spain a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Yayin da babban ɗan'uwansa ya zaɓi Spain, ya bi sawun mahaifinsa kuma ya zaɓi ya buga wa Uruguay wasa.

Zalazar ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a shekarar 2018, kuma an haɗa shi cikin tawagar Fabián Coito don Gasar Cin Kofin 'Yan Ƙasa na Kudancin Amurka ta 2019 a watan Janairun 2019. Ya buga wasanni bakwai a gasar, inda ya taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa ta kare a matsayi na uku.

A watan Yunin 2023, Zalazar ya sami kiran farko zuwa babbar ƙungiyar don wasannin sada zumunci da Nicaragua da Cuba. Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 14 ga Yuni, inda ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 4-1 a kan tsohuwar. A ranar 31 ga Mayu 2026, an sanya shi cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 26 ta Uruguay don Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA ta 2026.

==Rayuwar Kansa==
Rodrigo ɗan tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Uruguay ne José Zalazar, kuma ɗan'uwan tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Sipaniya Kuki Zalazar da ɗan wasan Schalke 04 Mauro Zalazar. An haife shi a Albacete, Castilla–La Mancha, yayin da mahaifinsa ɗan wasan ƙungiyar Albacete ta gida ne.</text>
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'''Rodrigo Zalazar Martínez'''&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rodrigo_Zalazar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1&lt;/ref&gt; (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Agusta 1999) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Uruguay wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari a ƙungiyar Primeira Liga Sporting CP da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Uruguay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://as.com/futbol/internacional/rodrigo-zalazar-talento-uruguayo-cultivado-en-albacete-n/|title=Rodrigo Zalazar: talento uruguayo cultivado en Albacete|trans-title=Rodrigo Zalazar: Uruguayan talent raised at Albacete|publisher=[[Diario AS]]|language=es|date=4 July 2023|accessdate=12 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==
===Tun daga farkon aikinsa===
Zalazar ya shiga rukunin matasa na Albacete Balompié a shekarar 2007, yana da shekaru takwas. A shekarar 2014, ya koma Málaga CF kuma an fara sanya shi cikin tawagar Cadete.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.marca.com/2014/11/06/futbol/futbol_internacional/resto_de_america/1415292651.html|title=La saga de los Zalazar|trans-title=The saga of the Zalazar|publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]]|language=es|date=6 November 2014|accessdate=12 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2018, bayan kammala horar da shi, an daukaka Zalazar zuwa kungiyar ajiyar Málaga a Segunda División B, amma bai yi rijista ba tsawon kakar wasa bayan da kungiyar ba ta da guraben yin rijista kyauta; daga nan ya ki amincewa da aro ga kungiyar Tercera División, domin kwantiraginsa zai kare a bazara mai zuwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.merchanendirecto.es/futbol/incomprensible-melendez-y-rodri-zalazar-sin-ficha/|title=¡Incomprensible! Meléndez y Rodri Zalazar, sin ficha|trans-title=Incomprehensible! Meléndez and Rodri Zalazar, unregistered|publisher=Merchán en directo|language=es|date=3 September 2018|accessdate=12 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Eintracht Frankfurt===
A ranar 2 ga Yuli 2019, Zalazar ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu da kungiyar Bundesliga Eintracht Frankfurt a ranar 2 ga Yuli 2019.

===Lamuni ga Korona Kielce===
Kwanaki uku bayan ya koma Eintracht Frankfurt, kungiyar Ekstraklasa Korona Kielce ta sanya hannu kan Zalazar kan yarjejeniyar aro na shekara daya don kakar 2019-20. Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasa na farko a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2019, inda ya maye gurbin Erik Pačinda a minti na 70 a wasan da suka doke Raków Częstochowa&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fcstpauli.com/en/news/published/rodrigo-zalazar-speaks-to-the-press-after-the-nurnberg-game/|title=Zalazar: &quot;I feel very much at home and try to show that on the pitch&quot;|publisher=FC St. Pauli|date=21 October 2020|accessdate=12 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; da ci 1-0 a gasar La Liga.

Ba a cika amfani da Zalazar a ƙungiyar farko ba, kuma ya buga wa Korona Kielce II wasa a gasar III, inda ya zira kwallaye uku a wasanni 10.

===An ba shi aro zuwa FC St. Pauli===
A ranar 6 ga Agusta 2020, 2. Kungiyar Bundesliga FC St. Pauli ta sanar da siyan Zalazar a kan yarjejeniyar aro na tsawon kakar wasa. Ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a fannin ƙwararru a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, inda ya zira kwallon da ta ba shi damar cin bugun fenariti a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da FC Nürnberg.

Zalazar ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2020-21 da kwallaye shida a wasanni 35 gaba ɗaya, yayin da St. Pauli ya kare a matsayi na 10.

==Schalke 04==
A ranar 4 ga Agusta 2021, Zalazar ya amince ya koma ƙungiyar Schalke 04 ta rukuni na biyu a kan aro na tsawon kakar wasa tare da zaɓin sanya shi na dindindin har zuwa 2026. A ranar 25 ga Maris 2022, Schalke ta yi amfani da wannan zaɓin, kuma ya amince da kwangilar shekaru huɗu na dindindin tare da ƙungiyar, wanda zai fara aiki daga ranar 1 ga Yuli. Ya kammala kakar wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan farko na yau da kullun yayin da ƙungiyar ta sami nasarar shiga gasar Bundesliga a matsayin zakara, inda ya zira ƙwallon da ta ba da mamaki a wasan da suka doke St. Pauli da ci 3-2 wanda ya tabbatar da samun ci gaba.

Zalazar ya fara buga wasa a babban rukunin ƙwallon ƙafa na Jamus a ranar 7 ga Agusta 2022, inda ya fara da rashin nasara a waje da FC Köln da ci 3-1. Ya zira ƙwallonsa ta farko a babban rukuni kwanaki shida bayan haka, inda ya zira ƙwallon farko a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Borussia Mönchengladbach.

A watan Yunin 2023, bayan da Schalke ta koma mataki na biyu, jaridar Bild ta ruwaito cewa Zalazar yana neman barin ƙungiyar.

===Braga===
A watan Yulin 2023, Zalazar ya koma ƙungiyar Primeira Liga Braga, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru huɗu kan kuɗin canja wuri da aka ruwaito na €6m.

===Sporting CP===
A ranar 15 ga Mayu 2026, Sporting CP ta sanar da siyan Zalazar kan kuɗin €30m, da kuma yarjejeniyar sakin €80m. Wannan ya sa ya zama mafi tsada tsakanin ƙungiyoyi biyu na Portugal, wanda ya zarce tarihin da Porto ta biya na €20m a baya kan David Carmo.

==Aikin ƙasashen duniya==
An haife shi a Spain ga iyayensa 'yan Uruguay, Zalazar ya cancanci wakiltar Uruguay da Spain a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Yayin da babban ɗan'uwansa ya zaɓi Spain, ya bi sawun mahaifinsa kuma ya zaɓi ya buga wa Uruguay wasa.

Zalazar ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a shekarar 2018, kuma an haɗa shi cikin tawagar Fabián Coito don Gasar Cin Kofin 'Yan Ƙasa na Kudancin Amurka ta 2019 a watan Janairun 2019. Ya buga wasanni bakwai a gasar, inda ya taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa ta kare a matsayi na uku.

A watan Yunin 2023, Zalazar ya sami kiran farko zuwa babbar ƙungiyar don wasannin sada zumunci da Nicaragua da Cuba. Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 14 ga Yuni, inda ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 4-1 a kan tsohuwar. A ranar 31 ga Mayu 2026, an sanya shi cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 26 ta Uruguay don Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA ta 2026.

==Rayuwar Kansa==
Rodrigo ɗan tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Uruguay ne José Zalazar, kuma ɗan'uwan tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Sipaniya Kuki Zalazar da ɗan wasan Schalke 04 Mauro Zalazar. An haife shi a Albacete, Castilla–La Mancha, yayin da mahaifinsa ɗan wasan ƙungiyar Albacete ta gida ne.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Edinah Rotich''' Edinah (Edna ko Ednah) Jemutai Rotich (an haife ta a ranar 29 ga Maris 1981) 'yar wasan ƙwallon raga ce ta ƙasar Kenya kuma kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar ƙasa. Ta kuma yi aiki a ƙarƙashin uwargidan shugaban ƙasa Margaret Kenyatta.

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi Rotich a shekarar 1981 a Eldoret.

Ita da Gladys Munge sun fafata a wasan ƙwallon raga na bakin teku a shekarar 2006.

A shekarar 2007, Rotich tana bugawa ƙungiyar ƙwallon raga ta Friends Volleyball lokacin da take cikin ƙungiyar Kenya da ta fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIVB. Duk sauran 'yan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa na Kenya sun fito ne daga gidajen yarin Kenya ko kuma ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon raga na Bankin Kasuwanci na Kenya, ciki har da Jane Wacu, Dorcas Nakhomicha Ndasaba, Janet Wanja, Mercy Moim, Catherine Wanjiru da Brackcides Khadambi. Sun doke Algeria don cin nasara, kuma an yi wa Ndasaba alkalanci a matsayin 'yar wasa mafi kyau bayan ta sami maki na ƙarshe don samun nasara a jere.

An sake zaɓenta a shekarar 2010 don shiga ƙungiyar gasar ƙwallon raga ta mata ta FIVB ta duniya ta 2010. Har yanzu ita ce kaɗai zaɓi daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon raga ta Friends, amma Brackcides Khadambi yanzu ita ce kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar. Rotich shine kyaftin din ƙungiyar a shekarar 2011 kuma daga baya ta ci gaba da jagorantar ƙungiyar ƙasa.

A watan Fabrairun 2012, Rotich tana ƙasar Aljeriya tana fafatawa don samun gurbi a gasar Olympics ta Landan ta 2012. Ƙungiyar Kenya ita ce zakarun Afirka amma ƙungiyar gida ta sha kashi a hannunsu kuma Algeria ce ta je gasar Olympics a Landan.

A shekarar 2014, tana Entebbe inda ita da Juma Yelena suka lashe gasar ƙwallon raga ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta Castle Light.

Daga 2014 zuwa 2015, ita ce mataimakiyar uwargidan shugaban ƙasar Kenya Margaret Kenyatta, tana aiki a ofishinta. Har yanzu tana wasa kuma tana lashe kofunan ƙwallon raga na bakin teku tare da Eunice Maiyo.

Rotich mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin shan ƙwayoyi ce ta Hukumar Yaƙi da Shan Ƙwayoyi ta Kenya kuma tana cikin kwamitin ba da shawara na Gidauniyar Love [[Kenya]].</text>
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'''Edinah Rotich''' Edinah (Edna ko Ednah) Jemutai Rotich (an haife ta a ranar 29 ga Maris 1981) 'yar wasan ƙwallon raga ce ta ƙasar Kenya kuma kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar ƙasa. Ta kuma yi aiki a ƙarƙashin uwargidan shugaban ƙasa Margaret Kenyatta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=E Rotich|url=https://www.eurosport.fr/geoblocking.shtml |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=www.eurosport.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi Rotich a shekarar 1981 a Eldoret.

Ita da Gladys Munge sun fafata a wasan ƙwallon raga na bakin teku a shekarar 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=EDINAH ROTICH |url=http://eotvoscup.fw.hu/edinah%20rotich.htm |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=eotvoscup.fw.hu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2007, Rotich tana bugawa ƙungiyar ƙwallon raga ta Friends Volleyball lokacin da take cikin ƙungiyar Kenya da ta fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIVB. Duk sauran 'yan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa na Kenya sun fito ne daga gidajen yarin Kenya ko kuma ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon raga na Bankin Kasuwanci na Kenya, ciki har da Jane Wacu, Dorcas Nakhomicha Ndasaba, Janet Wanja, Mercy Moim, Catherine Wanjiru da Brackcides Khadambi. Sun doke Algeria don cin nasara, kuma an yi wa Ndasaba alkalanci a matsayin 'yar wasa mafi kyau bayan ta sami maki na ƙarshe don samun nasara a jere.&lt;ref name=t2007&gt;{{Cite web |title=2007 Women's World Cup / Team Roster KEN |url=https://www.fivb.org/EN/volleyball/competitions/WorldCup/2007/Women/Teams/Team_Roster.asp?TRN=WWC2007&amp;TEAM=KEN&amp;sm=36 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=www.fivb.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake zaɓenta a shekarar 2010 don shiga ƙungiyar gasar ƙwallon raga ta mata ta FIVB ta duniya ta 2010. Har yanzu ita ce kaɗai zaɓi daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon raga ta Friends, amma Brackcides Khadambi yanzu ita ce kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar. Rotich shine kyaftin din ƙungiyar a shekarar 2011 kuma daga baya ta ci gaba da jagorantar ƙungiyar ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=MOKGANEDI |first=MOSAH |date=Feb 2011 |title=Kenyan skipper gives Botswana the thumbs-up |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/sport/kenyan-skipper-gives-botswana-the-thumbs-up/news |access-date=24 Dec 2024 |work=Mmegi online}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Fabrairun 2012, Rotich tana ƙasar Aljeriya tana fafatawa don samun gurbi a gasar Olympics ta Landan ta 2012. Ƙungiyar Kenya ita ce zakarun Afirka amma ƙungiyar gida ta sha kashi a hannunsu kuma Algeria ce ta je gasar Olympics a Landan.

A shekarar 2014, tana Entebbe inda ita da Juma Yelena suka lashe gasar ƙwallon raga ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta Castle Light.

Daga 2014 zuwa 2015, ita ce mataimakiyar uwargidan shugaban ƙasar Kenya Margaret Kenyatta, tana aiki a ofishinta. Har yanzu tana wasa kuma tana lashe kofunan ƙwallon raga na bakin teku tare da Eunice Maiyo.

Rotich mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin shan ƙwayoyi ce ta Hukumar Yaƙi da Shan Ƙwayoyi ta Kenya kuma tana cikin kwamitin ba da shawara na Gidauniyar Love [[Kenya]].</text>
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'''Edinah Rotich''' Edinah (Edna ko Ednah) Jemutai Rotich (an haife ta a ranar 29 ga Maris 1981) 'yar wasan ƙwallon raga ce ta ƙasar Kenya kuma kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar ƙasa. Ta kuma yi aiki a ƙarƙashin uwargidan shugaban ƙasa Margaret Kenyatta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=E Rotich|url=https://www.eurosport.fr/geoblocking.shtml |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=www.eurosport.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi Rotich a shekarar 1981 a Eldoret.

Ita da Gladys Munge sun fafata a wasan ƙwallon raga na bakin teku a shekarar 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=EDINAH ROTICH |url=http://eotvoscup.fw.hu/edinah%20rotich.htm |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=eotvoscup.fw.hu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2007, Rotich tana bugawa ƙungiyar ƙwallon raga ta Friends Volleyball lokacin da take cikin ƙungiyar Kenya da ta fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIVB. Duk sauran 'yan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa na Kenya sun fito ne daga gidajen yarin Kenya ko kuma ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon raga na Bankin Kasuwanci na Kenya, ciki har da Jane Wacu, Dorcas Nakhomicha Ndasaba, Janet Wanja, Mercy Moim, Catherine Wanjiru da Brackcides Khadambi. Sun doke Algeria don cin nasara, kuma an yi wa Ndasaba alkalanci a matsayin 'yar wasa mafi kyau bayan ta sami maki na ƙarshe don samun nasara a jere.&lt;ref name=t2007&gt;{{Cite web |title=2007 Women's World Cup / Team Roster KEN |url=https://www.fivb.org/EN/volleyball/competitions/WorldCup/2007/Women/Teams/Team_Roster.asp?TRN=WWC2007&amp;TEAM=KEN&amp;sm=36 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=www.fivb.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake zaɓenta a shekarar 2010 don shiga ƙungiyar gasar ƙwallon raga ta mata ta FIVB ta duniya ta 2010. Har yanzu ita ce kaɗai zaɓi daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon raga ta Friends, amma Brackcides Khadambi yanzu ita ce kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar. Rotich shine kyaftin din ƙungiyar a shekarar 2011 kuma daga baya ta ci gaba da jagorantar ƙungiyar ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=MOKGANEDI |first=MOSAH |date=Feb 2011 |title=Kenyan skipper gives Botswana the thumbs-up |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/sport/kenyan-skipper-gives-botswana-the-thumbs-up/news |access-date=24 Dec 2024 |work=Mmegi online}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Fabrairun 2012, Rotich tana ƙasar Aljeriya tana fafatawa don samun gurbi a gasar Olympics ta Landan ta 2012. Ƙungiyar Kenya ita ce zakarun Afirka amma ƙungiyar gida ta sha kashi a hannunsu kuma Algeria ce ta je gasar Olympics a Landan.

A shekarar 2014, tana Entebbe inda ita da Juma Yelena suka lashe gasar ƙwallon raga ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta Castle Light.

Daga 2014 zuwa 2015, ita ce mataimakiyar uwargidan shugaban ƙasar Kenya Margaret Kenyatta, tana aiki a ofishinta. Har yanzu tana wasa kuma tana lashe kofunan ƙwallon raga na bakin teku tare da Eunice Maiyo.&lt;/ref&gt; She was still playing and winning [[beach volleyball]] cups partnered with Eunice Maiyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=NDUNDA |first=ERNEST |title=Veterans Rotich, Maiyo win beach volleyball cup |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/sports/volleyball-and-handball/article/2000150245/www.digger.co.ke |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=The Standard |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;


Rotich mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin shan ƙwayoyi ce ta Hukumar Yaƙi da Shan Ƙwayoyi ta Kenya kuma tana cikin kwamitin ba da shawara na Gidauniyar Love [[Kenya]].

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Schreiber123qwer</title>
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        <username>AmmarBot</username>
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      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
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== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Schreiber123qwer! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Schreiber123qwer|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
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      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893222</origin>
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== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Namorlei! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Namorlei|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1197" sha1="1tnyx2z10j0gumiv7yyw7kwr7caobzg" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Abdulbaqi1! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Abdulbaqi1|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>1tnyx2z10j0gumiv7yyw7kwr7caobzg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Cervus nippon</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162927</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893224</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:23:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893224</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1203" sha1="8rori43n8jygnryx6mf7vdfic8bm24m" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Cervus nippon! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Cervus nippon|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>8rori43n8jygnryx6mf7vdfic8bm24m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:CAlbon (WMF)</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162928</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893225</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:23:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893225</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1201" sha1="kyc6wmwjjzpfz910nsd5o142d3f5ijn" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, CAlbon (WMF)! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/CAlbon (WMF)|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>kyc6wmwjjzpfz910nsd5o142d3f5ijn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Magnetic Chutney</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162929</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893226</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:24:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893226</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1209" sha1="am83mge3v1tr6pfd890bfyye42y1sra" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Magnetic Chutney! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Magnetic Chutney|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>am83mge3v1tr6pfd890bfyye42y1sra</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Vinitborde</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162930</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893227</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:24:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893227</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1197" sha1="3img13jdvgq4shtg5vbtt6od560vfl1" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Vinitborde! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Vinitborde|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>3img13jdvgq4shtg5vbtt6od560vfl1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:CronicasNobiliarias01</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162931</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893228</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:24:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893228</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1219" sha1="es1i1m43h702rzj528op13lx8nfxgzx" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, CronicasNobiliarias01! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/CronicasNobiliarias01|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>es1i1m43h702rzj528op13lx8nfxgzx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Guidkaya</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162932</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893229</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:24:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893229</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1193" sha1="rbsav0nt7ltbhzfa4tvv0ikjot2zb1x" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Guidkaya! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Guidkaya|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>rbsav0nt7ltbhzfa4tvv0ikjot2zb1x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Ժաննա Սուլթանյան</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162933</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893230</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:24:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893230</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1239" sha1="33tai0xze62venffpn6xq807alcu1df" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ժաննա Սուլթանյան! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ժաննա Սուլթանյան|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>33tai0xze62venffpn6xq807alcu1df</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Commonwealth of Halbert</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162934</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893231</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:24:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893231</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1223" sha1="srr5y8cvf8m8tun34lm72zjnuin4xk0" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Commonwealth of Halbert! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Commonwealth of Halbert|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>srr5y8cvf8m8tun34lm72zjnuin4xk0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Fateema abubakar</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162935</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893232</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:25:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893232</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1209" sha1="ek5xearrz1yx7pebf513nd8e66khxl1" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Fateema abubakar! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Fateema abubakar|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>ek5xearrz1yx7pebf513nd8e66khxl1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Hauwarh Abdullahi</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162936</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893233</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:25:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893233</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1211" sha1="s5z8j68uwrwuyubzdd036o44lgc1krb" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hauwarh Abdullahi! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hauwarh Abdullahi|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>s5z8j68uwrwuyubzdd036o44lgc1krb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Bilkeesu62</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162937</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893234</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:25:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893234</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1197" sha1="ono89dpukogzi8zlzzgox5ykfw009ge" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Bilkeesu62! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Bilkeesu62|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>ono89dpukogzi8zlzzgox5ykfw009ge</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Umar aliyu abdullahi</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162938</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893235</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:25:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893235</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1217" sha1="366pcrn18v0sclyyvjhyweb25scx4zf" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Umar aliyu abdullahi! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Umar aliyu abdullahi|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>366pcrn18v0sclyyvjhyweb25scx4zf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Haleemaah93</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162939</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893236</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:25:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893236</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1199" sha1="55vu98uvr1x2587tb00fm865yvlpblg" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Haleemaah93! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Haleemaah93|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>55vu98uvr1x2587tb00fm865yvlpblg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Zarteemarh</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162940</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893237</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:25:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893237</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1197" sha1="l1j0u5lzwddn6on9kfk60vw8bbxaa38" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Zarteemarh! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Zarteemarh|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>l1j0u5lzwddn6on9kfk60vw8bbxaa38</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Fresh Shila</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162941</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893238</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:26:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893238</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1199" sha1="84rgr5rp2j7opb15gqbx23mezc2zysb" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Fresh Shila! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Fresh Shila|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>84rgr5rp2j7opb15gqbx23mezc2zysb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Luki 096</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162942</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893239</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:26:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893239</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1193" sha1="ne3yr2pzufxqwrmtlbdyzf49p71w84p" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Luki 096! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Luki 096|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>ne3yr2pzufxqwrmtlbdyzf49p71w84p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Elena Patrise</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162943</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893240</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:26:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893240</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1203" sha1="eidzv8yx8uo9bd9p1eoksv0t6ves497" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Elena Patrise! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Elena Patrise|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>eidzv8yx8uo9bd9p1eoksv0t6ves497</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Dyrekcja</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162944</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893241</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:26:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893241</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1193" sha1="rkro2ti1sm8gy7mgxfpnwwx6luzzhl7" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Dyrekcja! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Dyrekcja|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>rkro2ti1sm8gy7mgxfpnwwx6luzzhl7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Kyh148</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162945</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893242</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:26:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893242</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1189" sha1="qfmehrgq7576zh26fzeduo70icmd8z8" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Kyh148! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Kyh148|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>qfmehrgq7576zh26fzeduo70icmd8z8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Melcous</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162946</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893243</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:26:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893243</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1191" sha1="s2is3z6w6hd49so7rnnpw8g0h8mbib8" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Melcous! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Melcous|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>s2is3z6w6hd49so7rnnpw8g0h8mbib8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:YaBoi Cribby</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162947</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893244</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:27:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
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      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893244</origin>
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== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, YaBoi Cribby! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/YaBoi Cribby|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Clapam</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162948</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893245</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:27:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>893245</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1189" sha1="8vnbx4kfwl6r91soqp72pg41gcdmi1h" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Clapam! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Clapam|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 8 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Yaúca</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>162949</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893269</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:57:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Galdiz</username>
        <id>9880</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1260885658|Yaúca]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>893269</origin>
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'''António Fernandes''' (18 a Watan Yuni shekarar n 1935 - 2 Janairu 1992), wanda aka fi sani da '''Yaúca''', tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Portugal wanda ya buga a matsayin mai gaba.

A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1970 ya taka leda a gwagwalada kasashen waje a gasar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Kanada tare da Toronto First Portuguese .  A kakar wasa ta farko tare da Toronto ya gwagwalada taimaka wajen samun kofin NSL ta hanyar zira kwallaye a kan Toronto Hellas . 

== Ayyuka ==
Yaúca ya ci kwallaye 10 kuma ya zira kwallaye 4 ga Portugal. Ya fara bugawa a ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamba shekaran 1959 a [[Faris|Paris]] da Faransa, a cikin shan kashi 3-5.

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Haɗin waje ==

* Yaúcaa EU-Football.info (an adana shi) 
* Yaúcaa WorldFootball.net
* Yaúcaa ForaDeJogo (an adana shi) 
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1935]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>893270</id>
      <parentid>893269</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:57:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Galdiz</username>
        <id>9880</id>
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      <minor />
      <origin>893270</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="849" sha1="mf3jzknavlf8zrlk11aln7dlrgf1aae" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''António Fernandes''' (18 a Watan Yuni shekarar n 1935 - 2 Janairu 1992), wanda aka fi sani da '''Yaúca''', tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Portugal wanda ya buga a matsayin mai gaba.

A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1970 ya taka leda a kasashen waje a gasar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Kanada tare da Toronto First Portuguese .  A kakar wasa ta farko tare da Toronto ya taimaka wajen samun kofin NSL ta hanyar zira kwallaye a kan Toronto Hellas . 

== Ayyuka ==
Yaúca ya ci kwallaye 10 kuma ya zira kwallaye 4 ga Portugal. Ya fara bugawa a ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamba shekaran 1959 a [[Faris|Paris]] da Faransa, a cikin shan kashi 3-5.

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Haɗin waje ==

* Yaúcaa EU-Football.info (an adana shi) 
* Yaúcaa WorldFootball.net
* Yaúcaa ForaDeJogo (an adana shi) 
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1935]]</text>
      <sha1>mf3jzknavlf8zrlk11aln7dlrgf1aae</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Pedro Xavier</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>162950</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893273</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T00:07:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Galdiz</username>
        <id>9880</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302060691|Pedro Xavier]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>893273</origin>
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      <text bytes="1723" sha1="eepp96fo700880uinxs6nj06sj9f5wo" xml:space="preserve">
 

'''Pedro Alexandre Marques Caldas Xavier''' (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1962) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na gwagwalada Portugal da ya yi ritaya wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin mai gaba.

== Ayyukan kulob din ==
An haifi Xavier a [[Maputo|Lourenço Marques]], Portuguese Mozambique . Wani matashi mai digiri na Sporting CP gwagwalada wanda bai yi nasara ba, ya ci gaba da wakiltar G.D. Estoril Praia, Académica de Coimbra, C.F. Estrela da gwagwalada Amadora, S.C. Campomaiorense, F.C. Barreirense da C.D. Olivais da Moscavide a kasarsa. Ya shafe shekaru goma a Premier League, inda ya buga gwagwalada wasanni 224 da kwallaye 48.

Lokacin da yake da gwagwalada shekaru 33, Xavier ya koma kasashen waje, ya buga shekaru uku a [[Hong Kong]] don Kudancin gwagwalada China AA kafin ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa.

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
Bayan gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 1986 - kusan gwagwalada dukkanin tawagar sun yi watsi da tawagar kasa saboda Saltillo Affair - Xavier ya lashe mafi kawuna gwagwalada ɓangaren kwallaye hudu da ya yi wa Portugal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 February 2004 |title=Lista completa dos internacionais portugueses |trans-title=Complete list of Portuguese internationals |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/geral/selecao/lista-completa-dos-internacionais-portugueses |access-date=12 July 2022 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Ɗan'uwan [[tagwaye]] na Xavier, Carlos, shi ma gwagwalada ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne. [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]], ya buga wasanni da gwagwalada yawa tare da tawagar farko ta Sporting.

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]]</text>
      <sha1>eepp96fo700880uinxs6nj06sj9f5wo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893274</id>
      <parentid>893273</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T00:08:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Galdiz</username>
        <id>9880</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>893274</origin>
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      <text bytes="1653" sha1="7ltfxxrxm8zbsgu8jjcbfshjc8wp6fz" xml:space="preserve">
 

'''Pedro Alexandre Marques Caldas Xavier''' (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1962) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na  Portugal da ya yi ritaya wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin mai gaba.

== Ayyukan kulob din ==
An haifi Xavier a [[Maputo|Lourenço Marques]], Portuguese Mozambique . Wani matashi mai digiri na Sporting CP  wanda bai yi nasara ba, ya ci gaba da wakiltar G.D. Estoril Praia, Académica de Coimbra, C.F. Estrela da gwagwalada Amadora, S.C. Campomaiorense, F.C. Barreirense da C.D. Olivais da Moscavide a kasarsa. Ya shafe shekaru goma a Premier League, inda ya buga  wasanni 224 da kwallaye 48.

Lokacin da yake da gwagwalada shekaru 33, Xavier ya koma kasashen waje, ya buga shekaru uku a [[Hong Kong]] don Kudancin gwagwalada China AA kafin ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa.

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
Bayan gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 1986 - kusan  dukkanin tawagar sun yi watsi da tawagar kasa saboda Saltillo Affair - Xavier ya lashe mafi kawuna  ɓangaren kwallaye hudu da ya yi wa Portugal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 February 2004 |title=Lista completa dos internacionais portugueses |trans-title=Complete list of Portuguese internationals |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/geral/selecao/lista-completa-dos-internacionais-portugueses |access-date=12 July 2022 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Ɗan'uwan [[tagwaye]] na Xavier, Carlos, shi ma  ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne. [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]], ya buga wasanni da  yawa tare da tawagar farko ta Sporting.

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]]</text>
      <sha1>7ltfxxrxm8zbsgu8jjcbfshjc8wp6fz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893276</id>
      <parentid>893274</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T00:08:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Galdiz</username>
        <id>9880</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>893276</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1660" sha1="b94o2jp3ty3tzqcd5wm9jco0t0jx7ur" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Pedro Alexandre Marques Caldas Xavier''' (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1962) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na  Portugal da ya yi ritaya wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin mai gaba.

== Ayyukan kulob din ==
An haifi Xavier a [[Maputo|Lourenço Marques]], Portuguese Mozambique . Wani matashi mai digiri na Sporting CP  wanda bai yi nasara ba, ya ci gaba da wakiltar G.D. Estoril Praia, Académica de Coimbra, C.F. Estrela da gwagwalada Amadora, S.C. Campomaiorense, F.C. Barreirense da C.D. Olivais da Moscavide a kasarsa. Ya shafe shekaru goma a Premier League, inda ya buga  wasanni 224 da kwallaye 48.

Lokacin da yake da gwagwalada shekaru 33, Xavier ya koma kasashen waje, ya buga shekaru uku a [[Hong Kong]] don Kudancin gwagwalada China AA kafin ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa.

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
Bayan gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 1986 - kusan  dukkanin tawagar sun yi watsi da tawagar kasa saboda Saltillo Affair - Xavier ya lashe mafi kawuna  ɓangaren kwallaye hudu da ya yi wa Portugal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 February 2004 |title=Lista completa dos internacionais portugueses |trans-title=Complete list of Portuguese internationals |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/geral/selecao/lista-completa-dos-internacionais-portugueses |access-date=12 July 2022 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Ɗan'uwan [[tagwaye]] na Xavier, Carlos, shi ma  ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne. [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]], ya buga wasanni da  yawa tare da tawagar farko ta Sporting.

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]]</text>
      <sha1>b94o2jp3ty3tzqcd5wm9jco0t0jx7ur</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>162951</id>
    <redirect title="User:IB Muazzam" />
    <revision>
      <id>893284</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T01:16:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Deepfriedokra</username>
        <id>13105</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Deepfriedokra moved page [[User:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]] to [[User:IB Muazzam]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]]&quot; to &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/IB Muazzam|IB Muazzam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>893284</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="29" sha1="gjn8fuf6zckoud666cadrsm535ip3rl" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[User:IB Muazzam]]</text>
      <sha1>gjn8fuf6zckoud666cadrsm535ip3rl</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>162952</id>
    <redirect title="Tattaunawar user:IB Muazzam" />
    <revision>
      <id>893285</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T01:16:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Deepfriedokra</username>
        <id>13105</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Deepfriedokra moved page [[Tattaunawar user:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]] to [[Tattaunawar user:IB Muazzam]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]]&quot; to &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/IB Muazzam|IB Muazzam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>893285</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" sha1="66wdf1uljr8aiusbm2krpsrnysx33q3" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Tattaunawar user:IB Muazzam]]</text>
      <sha1>66wdf1uljr8aiusbm2krpsrnysx33q3</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Acid Maria</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>162954</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893362</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T08:54:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nnamadee</username>
        <id>31123</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1292684835|Acid Maria]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>893362</origin>
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[[Fayil:Acid_Maria_at_Munich_nightclub_Die_Registratur.jpg|thumb| Acid Maria a Munich Club Die Registratur a 2005.]]
'''DJ Acid Maria''', wacce aka haifa a '''Angelika Lepper,''' DJ ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus kuma mai shirya waƙoƙin lantarki . Salon waƙarta yana tsakanin [[techno]] da Chicago house . Ta shahara a matsayin DJ na gidan kulab ɗin [[München|Munich]] Ultraschall da Harry Klein.&lt;ref name=&quot;berliner_zeitung&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marcus Weingärtner |date=2014-01-07 |title=Thomas Meinecke und Acid Maria: Maria und Meinecke |url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/berlin/thomas-meinecke-und-acid-maria-maria-und-meinecke-3270096 |access-date=2019-03-16 |publisher= |pages= |language= |format= |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=von Thülen |first=Sven |date=December 12, 2014 |title=Der Klang des Ultraschall - Die Geburt der Münchener Techno-Szene |url=http://dasfilter.com/kultur/der-klang-des-ultraschall-ueber-die-geburt-der-muenchener-techno-szene |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110233524/http://dasfilter.com:80/kultur/der-klang-des-ultraschall-ueber-die-geburt-der-muenchener-techno-szene |archive-date=2015-01-10 |access-date=2021-05-14 |website=Das Filter |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Aikinta ya fara ne a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 1992, lokacin da ta yi wa mutane ashirin wasa a &quot;Jockey Slut Night&quot; a Club Alcatraz da ke Munich. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Female:Pressure - Acid Maria |url=https://www.byte.fm/sendungen/femalepressure/2016-08-07/00/acid-maria/ |access-date=2021-05-14 |website=ByteFM |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin yanayin Munich, an sake saninta a matsayin wacce ta mallaki wani shago da ke sayar da kayan kwalliya. &lt;ref name=&quot;xletter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Patrick Gruban |date=1995-05-04 |title=Szene München |url=http://archiv.gruban.de/x-letter/m9505dc.html |access-date=2019-03-18 |publisher= |pages= |language= |quote=}} (in German)&lt;/ref&gt;

Acid Maria ita ce DJ na farko a gidan Ultraschall na ƙungiyar techno ta Munich tun bayan kafa ta. &lt;ref name=&quot;dasfilter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sven von Thülen |date=2014-12-10 |title=Der Klang des Ultraschall: Die Geburt der Münchener Techno-Szene |url=http://dasfilter.com/kultur/der-klang-des-ultraschall-ueber-die-geburt-der-muenchener-techno-szene |access-date=2017-06-27 |publisher= |pages= |language= |format= |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi aiki kuma ta shirya ayyuka ga kamfanin DJ Hell 's International DeeJay Gigolo Records label, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1996. Daga baya ta sami damar yin DJ a kulob din Munich Harry Klein, kulob din [[Berlin]] WMF da kuma taron kulob din Killekill, da kuma kulob din [[Köln|Cologne]] Subway.

A tsakanin waɗannan ayyukan, ta yi rangadin duniya, tana wasa a &quot;Festival Tecnogeist 2000&quot; a [[Mexico (birni)|birnin Mexico]], Womb Club a [[Tokyo]] da kuma Mayday a [[Dortmund]] .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Madrid |first=Alejandro L. |date=2003 |title=Navigating Ideologies in &quot;In-Between&quot; Cultures: Signifying Practices in Nor-tec Music |url=http://muse.jhu.edu/content/crossref/journals/latin_american_music_review/v024/24.2madrid.html |journal=Latin American Music Review |language=en |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=270–286 |doi=10.1353/lat.2003.0022 |issn=1536-0199 |s2cid=193888458 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ta yi aiki tare kuma ta shirya kundin waƙoƙi tare da Steve Bug, Markus Güntner, Teichman Brothers, da Abe Duque.

Ta yi karatun Fasahar Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai da Falsafa da Ƙawa a Jami'ar Fasaha da Zane ta Karlsruhe . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Female:Pressure - Acid Maria |url=https://www.byte.fm/sendungen/femalepressure/2016-08-07/00/acid-maria/ |access-date=2021-05-14 |website=ByteFM |language=de}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.byte.fm/sendungen/femalepressure/2016-08-07/00/acid-maria/ &quot;Female:Pressure - Acid Maria&quot;]. ''ByteFM'' (in German)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-05-14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Tsakanin 2004 da 2014, ta koyar a jami'o'i daban-daban a Berlin, ciki har da a Konrad Wolf Film University of Babelsberg a [[Postdam|Potsdam]] da Bauhaus-Universität Weimar a Weimar.&lt;ref name=&quot;wodjmag&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date= |year= |title=Acid Maria: DJ pionnière et artiste engagée |url=https://wodjmag.com/acid-maria-dj-pionniere-et-artiste-engagee/ |access-date=2019-03-18 |publisher= |pages= |language=fr |format= |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ita ce mamba a cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar mata ta duniya:pressure, ƙungiya ce ta mata, masu fasahar canza jinsi da kuma waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da jinsi a fannin kiɗan lantarki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nemec |first=Christina |date=March 6, 2019 |others=Translated by Dave Dempsey |title=21 years female:pressure – a talk with Electric Indigo |url=https://www.musicexport.at/21-years-femalepressure-a-talk-with-electric-indigo/ |journal=Austrian Music Export}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Female:Pressure - Acid Maria |url=https://www.byte.fm/sendungen/femalepressure/2016-08-07/00/acid-maria/ |access-date=2021-05-14 |website=ByteFM |language=de}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.byte.fm/sendungen/femalepressure/2016-08-07/00/acid-maria/ &quot;Female:Pressure - Acid Maria&quot;]. ''ByteFM'' (in German)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-05-14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Tare da Electric Indigo ta haɗa ''Female Pressure Presents: Welttour'' [World Tour] a shekarar 2003. 

DJ Acid Maria tana zaune a Utting am Ammersee. &lt;ref name=&quot;wodjmag&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date= |year= |title=Acid Maria: DJ pionnière et artiste engagée |url=https://wodjmag.com/acid-maria-dj-pionniere-et-artiste-engagee/ |access-date=2019-03-18 |publisher= |pages= |language=fr |format= |quote=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://wodjmag.com/acid-maria-dj-pionniere-et-artiste-engagee/ &quot;Acid Maria: DJ pionnière et artiste engagée&quot;]. ''Wodjmag'' (in French)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2019-03-18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Female:Pressure - Acid Maria |url=https://www.byte.fm/sendungen/femalepressure/2016-08-07/00/acid-maria/ |access-date=2021-05-14 |website=ByteFM |language=de}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.byte.fm/sendungen/femalepressure/2016-08-07/00/acid-maria/ &quot;Female:Pressure - Acid Maria&quot;]. ''ByteFM'' (in German)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-05-14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kundin Waƙoƙi ==

* 1995: Steve Bug &amp; Acid Maria – ''Toby Nation'' (Raw Elements)
* 1996: Steve Bug &amp; Acid Maria – ''Indescreet'' (Raw Elements)
* 1998: Steve Bug da Acid Maria - ''You Might Be Surprised'' (Raw Elements)
* 2003: Acid Maria &amp; Electric Indigo – ''Matsi na Mata Ya Gabatar: Welttour'' (Welttour, True People)
* 2005: Acid Maria da Abe Duque - ''Kashe fitilun'' (Abe Duque Records)

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <text bytes="7279" sha1="laxaa0ukx9ymmywjn1k7hqykxy33sek" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Acid_Maria_at_Munich_nightclub_Die_Registratur.jpg|thumb| Acid Maria a Munich Club Die Registratur a 2005.]]
'''DJ Acid Maria''', wacce aka haifa a '''Angelika Lepper,''' DJ ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus kuma mai shirya waƙoƙin lantarki . Salon waƙarta yana tsakanin [[techno]] da Chicago house . Ta shahara a matsayin DJ na gidan kulab ɗin [[München|Munich]] Ultraschall da Harry Klein.&lt;ref name=&quot;berliner_zeitung&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marcus Weingärtner |date=2014-01-07 |title=Thomas Meinecke und Acid Maria: Maria und Meinecke |url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/berlin/thomas-meinecke-und-acid-maria-maria-und-meinecke-3270096 |access-date=2019-03-16 |publisher= |pages= |language= |format= |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=von Thülen |first=Sven |date=December 12, 2014 |title=Der Klang des Ultraschall - Die Geburt der Münchener Techno-Szene |url=http://dasfilter.com/kultur/der-klang-des-ultraschall-ueber-die-geburt-der-muenchener-techno-szene |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110233524/http://dasfilter.com:80/kultur/der-klang-des-ultraschall-ueber-die-geburt-der-muenchener-techno-szene |archive-date=2015-01-10 |access-date=2021-05-14 |website=Das Filter |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Aikinta ya fara ne a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 1992, lokacin da ta yi wa mutane ashirin wasa a &quot;Jockey Slut Night&quot; a Club Alcatraz da ke Munich. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Female:Pressure - Acid Maria |url=https://www.byte.fm/sendungen/femalepressure/2016-08-07/00/acid-maria/ |access-date=2021-05-14 |website=ByteFM |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin yanayin Munich, an sake saninta a matsayin wacce ta mallaki wani shago da ke sayar da kayan kwalliya. &lt;ref name=&quot;xletter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Patrick Gruban |date=1995-05-04 |title=Szene München |url=http://archiv.gruban.de/x-letter/m9505dc.html |access-date=2019-03-18 |publisher= |pages= |language= |quote=}} (in German)&lt;/ref&gt;

Acid Maria ita ce DJ na farko a gidan Ultraschall na ƙungiyar techno ta Munich tun bayan kafa ta. &lt;ref name=&quot;dasfilter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sven von Thülen |date=2014-12-10 |title=Der Klang des Ultraschall: Die Geburt der Münchener Techno-Szene |url=http://dasfilter.com/kultur/der-klang-des-ultraschall-ueber-die-geburt-der-muenchener-techno-szene |access-date=2017-06-27 |publisher= |pages= |language= |format= |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi aiki kuma ta shirya ayyuka ga kamfanin DJ Hell 's International DeeJay Gigolo Records label, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1996. Daga baya ta sami damar yin DJ a kulob din Munich Harry Klein, kulob din [[Berlin]] WMF da kuma taron kulob din Killekill, da kuma kulob din [[Köln|Cologne]] Subway.

A tsakanin waɗannan ayyukan, ta yi rangadin duniya, tana wasa a &quot;Festival Tecnogeist 2000&quot; a [[Mexico (birni)|birnin Mexico]], Womb Club a [[Tokyo]] da kuma Mayday a [[Dortmund]] .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Madrid |first=Alejandro L. |date=2003 |title=Navigating Ideologies in &quot;In-Between&quot; Cultures: Signifying Practices in Nor-tec Music |url=http://muse.jhu.edu/content/crossref/journals/latin_american_music_review/v024/24.2madrid.html |journal=Latin American Music Review |language=en |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=270–286 |doi=10.1353/lat.2003.0022 |issn=1536-0199 |s2cid=193888458 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ta yi aiki tare kuma ta shirya kundin waƙoƙi tare da Steve Bug, Markus Güntner, Teichman Brothers, da Abe Duque.

Ta yi karatun Fasahar Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai da Falsafa da Ƙawa a Jami'ar Fasaha da Zane ta Karlsruhe . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Female:Pressure - Acid Maria |url=https://www.byte.fm/sendungen/femalepressure/2016-08-07/00/acid-maria/ |access-date=2021-05-14 |website=ByteFM |language=de}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.byte.fm/sendungen/femalepressure/2016-08-07/00/acid-maria/ &quot;Female:Pressure - Acid Maria&quot;]. ''ByteFM'' (in German)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-05-14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Tsakanin 2004 da 2014, ta koyar a jami'o'i daban-daban a Berlin, ciki har da a Konrad Wolf Film University of Babelsberg a [[Postdam|Potsdam]] da Bauhaus-Universität Weimar a Weimar.&lt;ref name=&quot;wodjmag&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date= |year= |title=Acid Maria: DJ pionnière et artiste engagée |url=https://wodjmag.com/acid-maria-dj-pionniere-et-artiste-engagee/ |access-date=2019-03-18 |publisher= |pages= |language=fr |format= |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ita ce mamba a cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar mata ta duniya:pressure, ƙungiya ce ta mata, masu fasahar canza jinsi da kuma waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da jinsi a fannin kiɗan lantarki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nemec |first=Christina |date=March 6, 2019 |others=Translated by Dave Dempsey |title=21 years female:pressure – a talk with Electric Indigo |url=https://www.musicexport.at/21-years-femalepressure-a-talk-with-electric-indigo/ |journal=Austrian Music Export}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Female:Pressure - Acid Maria |url=https://www.byte.fm/sendungen/femalepressure/2016-08-07/00/acid-maria/ |access-date=2021-05-14 |website=ByteFM |language=de}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.byte.fm/sendungen/femalepressure/2016-08-07/00/acid-maria/ &quot;Female:Pressure - Acid Maria&quot;]. ''ByteFM'' (in German)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-05-14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Tare da Electric Indigo ta haɗa ''Female Pressure Presents: Welttour'' [World Tour] a shekarar 2003. 

DJ Acid Maria tana zaune a Utting am Ammersee. &lt;ref name=&quot;wodjmag&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date= |year= |title=Acid Maria: DJ pionnière et artiste engagée |url=https://wodjmag.com/acid-maria-dj-pionniere-et-artiste-engagee/ |access-date=2019-03-18 |publisher= |pages= |language=fr |format= |quote=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://wodjmag.com/acid-maria-dj-pionniere-et-artiste-engagee/ &quot;Acid Maria: DJ pionnière et artiste engagée&quot;]. ''Wodjmag'' (in French)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2019-03-18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Female:Pressure - Acid Maria |url=https://www.byte.fm/sendungen/femalepressure/2016-08-07/00/acid-maria/ |access-date=2021-05-14 |website=ByteFM |language=de}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.byte.fm/sendungen/femalepressure/2016-08-07/00/acid-maria/ &quot;Female:Pressure - Acid Maria&quot;]. ''ByteFM'' (in German)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-05-14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kundin Waƙoƙi ==

* 1995: Steve Bug &amp; Acid Maria – ''Toby Nation'' (Raw Elements)
* 1996: Steve Bug &amp; Acid Maria – ''Indescreet'' (Raw Elements)
* 1998: Steve Bug da Acid Maria - ''You Might Be Surprised'' (Raw Elements)
* 2003: Acid Maria &amp; Electric Indigo – ''Matsi na Mata Ya Gabatar: Welttour'' (Welttour, True People)
* 2005: Acid Maria da Abe Duque - ''Kashe fitilun'' (Abe Duque Records)

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Zeyneb Kandouci''' (Arabic; an haife ta a ranar 16 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1994) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Aljeriya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga kungiyar 'yan mata ta Saudiyya ta farko ta Phoenix da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Algeria|Kungiyar Aljeriya]]. ZAINAB yar wasan raka leda ce wanda ta shagara

== Ayyukan kulob din ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]]</text>
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'''Zeyneb Kandouci''' (Arabic; an haife ta a ranar 16 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1994) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Aljeriya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga kungiyar 'yan mata ta Saudiyya ta farko ta Phoenix da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Algeria|Kungiyar Aljeriya]]. ZAINAB yar wasan raka leda ce wanda ta shagara itadin dai ta kasance yar moroco kuma babba sosai a harkai

== Ayyukan kulob din ==
Kandouci ta fara tafiyarta ta kwallon kafa tana da shekaru biyar kuma ta shiga Afak Relizane tana da shekaru goma sha huɗu, inda ta taka leda daga 2009 zuwa 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;Early career&quot; /&gt; A wannan lokacin, ta lashe [[Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Aljeriya|Gasar Zakarun Aljeriya]] biyar, [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Aljeriya|Kofin Aljeriya]] hudu, da kuma gasar Maghreb biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Early career&quot; /&gt; A shekara ta 2013, ta koma {{Interlanguage link|Association sportive Intissar Oran|fr}} , inda ta samu kofin Aljeriya na kasa da shekaru 20, kafin ta koma {{Interlanguage link|Association sportive de la Sûreté nationale|fr}}  daga 2014 zuwa 2018, inda ta kara karin [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Aljeriya|Kofuna]] biyu da Kofin League ga nasarorin da ta samu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Early career&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 September 2024 |title=لاعبة المنتخب الجزائري بكرة القدم زينب قندوسي تلقيت عدت صعوبات..لكن طموحاتي كبيرة |trans-title=Algerian national football team player Zineb Kandouci: I faced several challenges... but my ambitions are high. |url=https://forum.kooora.com/f.aspx?t=39380521 |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=forum.kooora.com |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yulin 2021 Ta shiga tare da Afak Relizane a gasar cin kofin mata ta CAF kuma ta zira kwallaye a kan AS Banque de l'Habitat . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 July 2021 |title=افاق غليزان الجزائري يفوز على نادي بنك الاسكان التونسي في افتتاح تصفيات اتحاد شمال افريقيا المؤهلة الى نهائيات دوري ابطال افريقيا للاندية النسائية |trans-title=Afak Relizane of Algeria wins against Tunisian Bank of Housing in the opening match of the North African Union qualifiers for the Women's African Champions League. |url=https://www.unafonline.org/ar/%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%ba%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b2-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d9%86%d9%83/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=unafonline.org |language=ar |quote=And Zineb Kandouci scored in the 61st minute.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]]</text>
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'''Zeyneb Kandouci''' (Arabic; an haife ta a ranar 16 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1994) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Aljeriya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga kungiyar 'yan mata ta Saudiyya ta farko ta Phoenix da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Algeria|Kungiyar Aljeriya]]. ZAINAB yar wasan raka leda ce wanda ta shagara itadin dai ta kasance yar moroco kuma babba sosai a harkai

== Ayyukan kulob din ==
Kandouci ta fara tafiyarta ta kwallon kafa tana da shekaru biyar kuma ta shiga Afak Relizane tana da shekaru goma sha huɗu, inda ta taka leda daga 2009 zuwa 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;Early career&quot; /&gt; A wannan lokacin, ta lashe [[Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Aljeriya|Gasar Zakarun Aljeriya]] biyar, [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Aljeriya|Kofin Aljeriya]] hudu, da kuma gasar Maghreb biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Early career&quot; /&gt; A shekara ta 2013, ta koma {{Interlanguage link|Association sportive Intissar Oran|fr}} , inda ta samu kofin Aljeriya na kasa da shekaru 20, kafin ta koma {{Interlanguage link|Association sportive de la Sûreté nationale|fr}}  daga 2014 zuwa 2018, inda ta kara karin [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Aljeriya|Kofuna]] biyu da Kofin League ga nasarorin da ta samu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Early career&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 September 2024 |title=لاعبة المنتخب الجزائري بكرة القدم زينب قندوسي تلقيت عدت صعوبات..لكن طموحاتي كبيرة |trans-title=Algerian national football team player Zineb Kandouci: I faced several challenges... but my ambitions are high. |url=https://forum.kooora.com/f.aspx?t=39380521 |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=forum.kooora.com |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yulin 2021 Ta shiga tare da Afak Relizane a gasar cin kofin mata ta CAF kuma ta zira kwallaye a kan AS Banque de l'Habitat . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 July 2021 |title=افاق غليزان الجزائري يفوز على نادي بنك الاسكان التونسي في افتتاح تصفيات اتحاد شمال افريقيا المؤهلة الى نهائيات دوري ابطال افريقيا للاندية النسائية |trans-title=Afak Relizane of Algeria wins against Tunisian Bank of Housing in the opening match of the North African Union qualifiers for the Women's African Champions League. |url=https://www.unafonline.org/ar/%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%ba%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b2-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d9%86%d9%83/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=unafonline.org |language=ar |quote=And Zineb Kandouci scored in the 61st minute.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 16 ga Mayu 2024, Etihad ta sanar da sanya hannu kan Kandouci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 May 2024 |title=Etihad Club officially signs with the Algerian superstar Kandousi Zeyneb |url=https://www.instagram.com/etihadclubjo/p/C7B4fHlINrT/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |via=[[Instagram]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Etihad&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 May 2024 |title=الاتحاد الأردني يتعاقد مع اللاعبة الجزائرية زينب قندوسي |trans-title=Jordanian Etihad signs Algerian player Zineb Gendouci.Zeyneb Kandouci |url=https://koraplus.com/Article/50273/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8-%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=koraplus.com |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta shiga tare da kulob din a Gasar Zakarun Mata ta AFC . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 August 2024 |title=فريق الاتحاد للسيدات يكشف عن قائمته الآسيوية ويستعد لمواجهة ليون |trans-title=The Etihad women's team unveils its Asian squad and prepares to face Lion. |url=https://alghad.com/Section-180/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-1797035 |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=alghad.com |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]]</text>
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        <username>Abdallah5194</username>
        <id>47750</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336461787|Zeyneb Kandouci]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Zeyneb Kandouci''' (Arabic; an haife ta a ranar 16 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1994) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Aljeriya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga kungiyar 'yan mata ta Saudiyya ta farko ta Phoenix da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Algeria|Kungiyar Aljeriya]]. ZAINAB yar wasan raka leda ce wanda ta shagara itadin dai ta kasance yar moroco kuma babba sosai a harkai

== Ayyukan kulob din ==
Kandouci ta fara tafiyarta ta kwallon kafa tana da shekaru biyar kuma ta shiga Afak Relizane tana da shekaru goma sha huɗu, inda ta taka leda daga 2009 zuwa 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;Early career&quot; /&gt; A wannan lokacin, ta lashe [[Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Aljeriya|Gasar Zakarun Aljeriya]] biyar, [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Aljeriya|Kofin Aljeriya]] hudu, da kuma gasar Maghreb biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Early career&quot; /&gt; A shekara ta 2013, ta koma {{Interlanguage link|Association sportive Intissar Oran|fr}} , inda ta samu kofin Aljeriya na kasa da shekaru 20, kafin ta koma {{Interlanguage link|Association sportive de la Sûreté nationale|fr}}  daga 2014 zuwa 2018, inda ta kara karin [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Aljeriya|Kofuna]] biyu da Kofin League ga nasarorin da ta samu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Early career&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 September 2024 |title=لاعبة المنتخب الجزائري بكرة القدم زينب قندوسي تلقيت عدت صعوبات..لكن طموحاتي كبيرة |trans-title=Algerian national football team player Zineb Kandouci: I faced several challenges... but my ambitions are high. |url=https://forum.kooora.com/f.aspx?t=39380521 |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=forum.kooora.com |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yulin 2021 Ta shiga tare da Afak Relizane a gasar cin kofin mata ta CAF kuma ta zira kwallaye a kan AS Banque de l'Habitat . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 July 2021 |title=افاق غليزان الجزائري يفوز على نادي بنك الاسكان التونسي في افتتاح تصفيات اتحاد شمال افريقيا المؤهلة الى نهائيات دوري ابطال افريقيا للاندية النسائية |trans-title=Afak Relizane of Algeria wins against Tunisian Bank of Housing in the opening match of the North African Union qualifiers for the Women's African Champions League. |url=https://www.unafonline.org/ar/%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%ba%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b2-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d9%86%d9%83/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=unafonline.org |language=ar |quote=And Zineb Kandouci scored in the 61st minute.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 16 ga Mayu 2024, Etihad ta sanar da sanya hannu kan Kandouci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 May 2024 |title=Etihad Club officially signs with the Algerian superstar Kandousi Zeyneb |url=https://www.instagram.com/etihadclubjo/p/C7B4fHlINrT/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |via=[[Instagram]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Etihad&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 May 2024 |title=الاتحاد الأردني يتعاقد مع اللاعبة الجزائرية زينب قندوسي |trans-title=Jordanian Etihad signs Algerian player Zineb Gendouci.Zeyneb Kandouci |url=https://koraplus.com/Article/50273/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8-%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=koraplus.com |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta shiga tare da kulob din a Gasar Zakarun Mata ta AFC . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 August 2024 |title=فريق الاتحاد للسيدات يكشف عن قائمته الآسيوية ويستعد لمواجهة ليون |trans-title=The Etihad women's team unveils its Asian squad and prepares to face Lion. |url=https://alghad.com/Section-180/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-1797035 |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=alghad.com |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
Kandouci dan kasar Aljeriya ne na yanzu wanda ya wakilci tawagar kasar Aljgeria a babban matakin tun shekara ta 2010. &lt;ref name=&quot;Etihad&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 May 2024 |title=الاتحاد الأردني يتعاقد مع اللاعبة الجزائرية زينب قندوسي |trans-title=Jordanian Etihad signs Algerian player Zineb Gendouci.Zeyneb Kandouci |url=https://koraplus.com/Article/50273/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8-%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=koraplus.com |language=ar}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://koraplus.com/Article/50273/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8-%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A &quot;الاتحاد الأردني يتعاقد مع اللاعبة الجزائرية زينب قندوسي&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Jordanian Etihad signs Algerian player Zineb Gendouci.Zeyneb Kandouci&amp;#x5D;. ''koraplus.com'' (in Arabic). 28 May 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 October&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)]]&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin da, an haɗa ta a cikin tawagar karshe ta gasar cin kofin Afirka ta mata ta 2018, gasar cin kocin mata ta UNAF ta 2020, da kuma gasar cin kofen mata ta Larabawa ta 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 November 2018 |title=Coupe d'Afrique des nations 2018 (Dames) : Fertoul dévoile une liste de 24 joueuses |url=https://footalgerien.com/coupe-dafrique-nations-2018-dames-fertoul-devoile-liste-de-24-joueuses/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=footalgerien.com |language=fr |quote=Kendouci Zineb (JF Khroub)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 November 2020 |title=EN Fem. : Les Vertes préparent le tournoi UNAF |url=https://www.dzfoot.com/equipes-nationales/en-fem-les-vertes-preparent-le-tournoi-unaf-176335.html |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=dzfoot.com |language=fr |quote=Kandouci Zyneb {{!}} Affak Relizane}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Abdallah5194</username>
        <id>47750</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336461787|Zeyneb Kandouci]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Zeyneb Kandouci''' (Arabic; an haife ta a ranar 16 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1994) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Aljeriya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga kungiyar 'yan mata ta Saudiyya ta farko ta Phoenix da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Algeria|Kungiyar Aljeriya]]. ZAINAB yar wasan raka leda ce wanda ta shagara itadin dai ta kasance yar moroco kuma babba sosai a harkai

== Ayyukan kulob din ==
Kandouci ta fara tafiyarta ta kwallon kafa tana da shekaru biyar kuma ta shiga Afak Relizane tana da shekaru goma sha huɗu, inda ta taka leda daga 2009 zuwa 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;Early career&quot; /&gt; A wannan lokacin, ta lashe [[Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Aljeriya|Gasar Zakarun Aljeriya]] biyar, [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Aljeriya|Kofin Aljeriya]] hudu, da kuma gasar Maghreb biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Early career&quot; /&gt; A shekara ta 2013, ta koma {{Interlanguage link|Association sportive Intissar Oran|fr}} , inda ta samu kofin Aljeriya na kasa da shekaru 20, kafin ta koma {{Interlanguage link|Association sportive de la Sûreté nationale|fr}}  daga 2014 zuwa 2018, inda ta kara karin [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Aljeriya|Kofuna]] biyu da Kofin League ga nasarorin da ta samu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Early career&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 September 2024 |title=لاعبة المنتخب الجزائري بكرة القدم زينب قندوسي تلقيت عدت صعوبات..لكن طموحاتي كبيرة |trans-title=Algerian national football team player Zineb Kandouci: I faced several challenges... but my ambitions are high. |url=https://forum.kooora.com/f.aspx?t=39380521 |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=forum.kooora.com |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yulin 2021 Ta shiga tare da Afak Relizane a gasar cin kofin mata ta CAF kuma ta zira kwallaye a kan AS Banque de l'Habitat . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 July 2021 |title=افاق غليزان الجزائري يفوز على نادي بنك الاسكان التونسي في افتتاح تصفيات اتحاد شمال افريقيا المؤهلة الى نهائيات دوري ابطال افريقيا للاندية النسائية |trans-title=Afak Relizane of Algeria wins against Tunisian Bank of Housing in the opening match of the North African Union qualifiers for the Women's African Champions League. |url=https://www.unafonline.org/ar/%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%ba%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b2-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d9%86%d9%83/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=unafonline.org |language=ar |quote=And Zineb Kandouci scored in the 61st minute.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 16 ga Mayu 2024, Etihad ta sanar da sanya hannu kan Kandouci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 May 2024 |title=Etihad Club officially signs with the Algerian superstar Kandousi Zeyneb |url=https://www.instagram.com/etihadclubjo/p/C7B4fHlINrT/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |via=[[Instagram]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Etihad&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 May 2024 |title=الاتحاد الأردني يتعاقد مع اللاعبة الجزائرية زينب قندوسي |trans-title=Jordanian Etihad signs Algerian player Zineb Gendouci.Zeyneb Kandouci |url=https://koraplus.com/Article/50273/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8-%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=koraplus.com |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta shiga tare da kulob din a Gasar Zakarun Mata ta AFC . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 August 2024 |title=فريق الاتحاد للسيدات يكشف عن قائمته الآسيوية ويستعد لمواجهة ليون |trans-title=The Etihad women's team unveils its Asian squad and prepares to face Lion. |url=https://alghad.com/Section-180/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-1797035 |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=alghad.com |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
Kandouci dan kasar Aljeriya ne na yanzu wanda ya wakilci tawagar kasar Aljgeria a babban matakin tun shekara ta 2010. &lt;ref name=&quot;Etihad&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 May 2024 |title=الاتحاد الأردني يتعاقد مع اللاعبة الجزائرية زينب قندوسي |trans-title=Jordanian Etihad signs Algerian player Zineb Gendouci.Zeyneb Kandouci |url=https://koraplus.com/Article/50273/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8-%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=koraplus.com |language=ar}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://koraplus.com/Article/50273/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8-%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A &quot;الاتحاد الأردني يتعاقد مع اللاعبة الجزائرية زينب قندوسي&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Jordanian Etihad signs Algerian player Zineb Gendouci.Zeyneb Kandouci&amp;#x5D;. ''koraplus.com'' (in Arabic). 28 May 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 October&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)]]&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin da, an haɗa ta a cikin tawagar karshe ta gasar cin kofin Afirka ta mata ta 2018, gasar cin kocin mata ta UNAF ta 2020, da kuma gasar cin kofen mata ta Larabawa ta 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 November 2018 |title=Coupe d'Afrique des nations 2018 (Dames) : Fertoul dévoile une liste de 24 joueuses |url=https://footalgerien.com/coupe-dafrique-nations-2018-dames-fertoul-devoile-liste-de-24-joueuses/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=footalgerien.com |language=fr |quote=Kendouci Zineb (JF Khroub)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 November 2020 |title=EN Fem. : Les Vertes préparent le tournoi UNAF |url=https://www.dzfoot.com/equipes-nationales/en-fem-les-vertes-preparent-le-tournoi-unaf-176335.html |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=dzfoot.com |language=fr |quote=Kandouci Zyneb {{!}} Affak Relizane}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daraja ==
'''Afak Relizane'''

* Gasar Mata ta Aljeriya: 2009-10, 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-142013–14
* [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Aljeriya|Kofin Mata na Aljeriya]]: 2009-10, 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13

'''AS Tsaro na Kasa'''

* [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Aljeriya|Kofin Mata na Aljeriya]]: 2014-15, 2016-17
* Kofin Kungiyar Mata ta Aljeriya: 2017-182017–18

'''Etihad'''

* Jordan Women's Pro League: 2024
* Kofin Jordan na Mata: 2024

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]]</text>
      <sha1>a8k0j4kxfmjrnkirnm8lhj82djgwj9f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893515</id>
      <parentid>893514</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:29:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdallah5194</username>
        <id>47750</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Goge rubutu</comment>
      <origin>893515</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7264" sha1="j7yjlobttp81ib1k7417x5ywxt6cc7x" xml:space="preserve">
 

'''Zeyneb Kandouci''' (Arabic; an haife ta a ranar 16 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1994) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Aljeriya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga kungiyar 'yan mata ta Saudiyya ta farko ta Phoenix da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Algeria|Kungiyar Aljeriya]]. 

== Ayyukan kulob din ==
Kandouci ta fara tafiyarta ta kwallon kafa tana da shekaru biyar kuma ta shiga Afak Relizane tana da shekaru goma sha huɗu, inda ta taka leda daga 2009 zuwa 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;Early career&quot; /&gt; A wannan lokacin, ta lashe [[Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Aljeriya|Gasar Zakarun Aljeriya]] biyar, [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Aljeriya|Kofin Aljeriya]] hudu, da kuma gasar Maghreb biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Early career&quot; /&gt; A shekara ta 2013, ta koma {{Interlanguage link|Association sportive Intissar Oran|fr}} , inda ta samu kofin Aljeriya na kasa da shekaru 20, kafin ta koma {{Interlanguage link|Association sportive de la Sûreté nationale|fr}}  daga 2014 zuwa 2018, inda ta kara karin [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Aljeriya|Kofuna]] biyu da Kofin League ga nasarorin da ta samu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Early career&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 September 2024 |title=لاعبة المنتخب الجزائري بكرة القدم زينب قندوسي تلقيت عدت صعوبات..لكن طموحاتي كبيرة |trans-title=Algerian national football team player Zineb Kandouci: I faced several challenges... but my ambitions are high. |url=https://forum.kooora.com/f.aspx?t=39380521 |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=forum.kooora.com |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yulin 2021 Ta shiga tare da Afak Relizane a gasar cin kofin mata ta CAF kuma ta zira kwallaye a kan AS Banque de l'Habitat . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 July 2021 |title=افاق غليزان الجزائري يفوز على نادي بنك الاسكان التونسي في افتتاح تصفيات اتحاد شمال افريقيا المؤهلة الى نهائيات دوري ابطال افريقيا للاندية النسائية |trans-title=Afak Relizane of Algeria wins against Tunisian Bank of Housing in the opening match of the North African Union qualifiers for the Women's African Champions League. |url=https://www.unafonline.org/ar/%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%ba%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b2-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d9%86%d9%83/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=unafonline.org |language=ar |quote=And Zineb Kandouci scored in the 61st minute.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 16 ga Mayu 2024, Etihad ta sanar da sanya hannu kan Kandouci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 May 2024 |title=Etihad Club officially signs with the Algerian superstar Kandousi Zeyneb |url=https://www.instagram.com/etihadclubjo/p/C7B4fHlINrT/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |via=[[Instagram]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Etihad&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 May 2024 |title=الاتحاد الأردني يتعاقد مع اللاعبة الجزائرية زينب قندوسي |trans-title=Jordanian Etihad signs Algerian player Zineb Gendouci.Zeyneb Kandouci |url=https://koraplus.com/Article/50273/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8-%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=koraplus.com |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta shiga tare da kulob din a Gasar Zakarun Mata ta AFC . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 August 2024 |title=فريق الاتحاد للسيدات يكشف عن قائمته الآسيوية ويستعد لمواجهة ليون |trans-title=The Etihad women's team unveils its Asian squad and prepares to face Lion. |url=https://alghad.com/Section-180/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-1797035 |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=alghad.com |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
Kandouci dan kasar Aljeriya ne na yanzu wanda ya wakilci tawagar kasar Aljgeria a babban matakin tun shekara ta 2010. &lt;ref name=&quot;Etihad&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 May 2024 |title=الاتحاد الأردني يتعاقد مع اللاعبة الجزائرية زينب قندوسي |trans-title=Jordanian Etihad signs Algerian player Zineb Gendouci.Zeyneb Kandouci |url=https://koraplus.com/Article/50273/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8-%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=koraplus.com |language=ar}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://koraplus.com/Article/50273/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8-%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A &quot;الاتحاد الأردني يتعاقد مع اللاعبة الجزائرية زينب قندوسي&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Jordanian Etihad signs Algerian player Zineb Gendouci.Zeyneb Kandouci&amp;#x5D;. ''koraplus.com'' (in Arabic). 28 May 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 October&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)]]&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin da, an haɗa ta a cikin tawagar karshe ta gasar cin kofin Afirka ta mata ta 2018, gasar cin kocin mata ta UNAF ta 2020, da kuma gasar cin kofen mata ta Larabawa ta 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 November 2018 |title=Coupe d'Afrique des nations 2018 (Dames) : Fertoul dévoile une liste de 24 joueuses |url=https://footalgerien.com/coupe-dafrique-nations-2018-dames-fertoul-devoile-liste-de-24-joueuses/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=footalgerien.com |language=fr |quote=Kendouci Zineb (JF Khroub)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 November 2020 |title=EN Fem. : Les Vertes préparent le tournoi UNAF |url=https://www.dzfoot.com/equipes-nationales/en-fem-les-vertes-preparent-le-tournoi-unaf-176335.html |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=dzfoot.com |language=fr |quote=Kandouci Zyneb {{!}} Affak Relizane}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daraja ==
'''Afak Relizane'''

* Gasar Mata ta Aljeriya: 2009-10, 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-142013–14
* [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Aljeriya|Kofin Mata na Aljeriya]]: 2009-10, 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13

'''AS Tsaro na Kasa'''

* [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Aljeriya|Kofin Mata na Aljeriya]]: 2014-15, 2016-17
* Kofin Kungiyar Mata ta Aljeriya: 2017-182017–18

'''Etihad'''

* Jordan Women's Pro League: 2024
* Kofin Jordan na Mata: 2024

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]]</text>
      <sha1>j7yjlobttp81ib1k7417x5ywxt6cc7x</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893560</id>
      <parentid>893515</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:44:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Musa Vacho77</username>
        <id>9881</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Saka databox</comment>
      <origin>893560</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7277" sha1="9n7245t5z3c6yzl9kmnk1582qypjjgw" xml:space="preserve">
 

{{Databox}}

'''Zeyneb Kandouci''' (Arabic; an haife ta a ranar 16 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1994) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Aljeriya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga kungiyar 'yan mata ta Saudiyya ta farko ta Phoenix da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Algeria|Kungiyar Aljeriya]]. 

== Ayyukan kulob din ==
Kandouci ta fara tafiyarta ta kwallon kafa tana da shekaru biyar kuma ta shiga Afak Relizane tana da shekaru goma sha huɗu, inda ta taka leda daga 2009 zuwa 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;Early career&quot; /&gt; A wannan lokacin, ta lashe [[Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Aljeriya|Gasar Zakarun Aljeriya]] biyar, [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Aljeriya|Kofin Aljeriya]] hudu, da kuma gasar Maghreb biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Early career&quot; /&gt; A shekara ta 2013, ta koma {{Interlanguage link|Association sportive Intissar Oran|fr}} , inda ta samu kofin Aljeriya na kasa da shekaru 20, kafin ta koma {{Interlanguage link|Association sportive de la Sûreté nationale|fr}}  daga 2014 zuwa 2018, inda ta kara karin [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Aljeriya|Kofuna]] biyu da Kofin League ga nasarorin da ta samu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Early career&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 September 2024 |title=لاعبة المنتخب الجزائري بكرة القدم زينب قندوسي تلقيت عدت صعوبات..لكن طموحاتي كبيرة |trans-title=Algerian national football team player Zineb Kandouci: I faced several challenges... but my ambitions are high. |url=https://forum.kooora.com/f.aspx?t=39380521 |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=forum.kooora.com |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yulin 2021 Ta shiga tare da Afak Relizane a gasar cin kofin mata ta CAF kuma ta zira kwallaye a kan AS Banque de l'Habitat . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 July 2021 |title=افاق غليزان الجزائري يفوز على نادي بنك الاسكان التونسي في افتتاح تصفيات اتحاد شمال افريقيا المؤهلة الى نهائيات دوري ابطال افريقيا للاندية النسائية |trans-title=Afak Relizane of Algeria wins against Tunisian Bank of Housing in the opening match of the North African Union qualifiers for the Women's African Champions League. |url=https://www.unafonline.org/ar/%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%ba%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b2-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d9%86%d9%83/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=unafonline.org |language=ar |quote=And Zineb Kandouci scored in the 61st minute.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 16 ga Mayu 2024, Etihad ta sanar da sanya hannu kan Kandouci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 May 2024 |title=Etihad Club officially signs with the Algerian superstar Kandousi Zeyneb |url=https://www.instagram.com/etihadclubjo/p/C7B4fHlINrT/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |via=[[Instagram]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Etihad&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 May 2024 |title=الاتحاد الأردني يتعاقد مع اللاعبة الجزائرية زينب قندوسي |trans-title=Jordanian Etihad signs Algerian player Zineb Gendouci.Zeyneb Kandouci |url=https://koraplus.com/Article/50273/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8-%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=koraplus.com |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta shiga tare da kulob din a Gasar Zakarun Mata ta AFC . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 August 2024 |title=فريق الاتحاد للسيدات يكشف عن قائمته الآسيوية ويستعد لمواجهة ليون |trans-title=The Etihad women's team unveils its Asian squad and prepares to face Lion. |url=https://alghad.com/Section-180/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-1797035 |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=alghad.com |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
Kandouci dan kasar Aljeriya ne na yanzu wanda ya wakilci tawagar kasar Aljgeria a babban matakin tun shekara ta 2010. &lt;ref name=&quot;Etihad&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 May 2024 |title=الاتحاد الأردني يتعاقد مع اللاعبة الجزائرية زينب قندوسي |trans-title=Jordanian Etihad signs Algerian player Zineb Gendouci.Zeyneb Kandouci |url=https://koraplus.com/Article/50273/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8-%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=koraplus.com |language=ar}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://koraplus.com/Article/50273/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8-%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A &quot;الاتحاد الأردني يتعاقد مع اللاعبة الجزائرية زينب قندوسي&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Jordanian Etihad signs Algerian player Zineb Gendouci.Zeyneb Kandouci&amp;#x5D;. ''koraplus.com'' (in Arabic). 28 May 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 October&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)]]&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin da, an haɗa ta a cikin tawagar karshe ta gasar cin kofin Afirka ta mata ta 2018, gasar cin kocin mata ta UNAF ta 2020, da kuma gasar cin kofen mata ta Larabawa ta 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 November 2018 |title=Coupe d'Afrique des nations 2018 (Dames) : Fertoul dévoile une liste de 24 joueuses |url=https://footalgerien.com/coupe-dafrique-nations-2018-dames-fertoul-devoile-liste-de-24-joueuses/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=footalgerien.com |language=fr |quote=Kendouci Zineb (JF Khroub)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 November 2020 |title=EN Fem. : Les Vertes préparent le tournoi UNAF |url=https://www.dzfoot.com/equipes-nationales/en-fem-les-vertes-preparent-le-tournoi-unaf-176335.html |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=dzfoot.com |language=fr |quote=Kandouci Zyneb {{!}} Affak Relizane}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daraja ==
'''Afak Relizane'''

* Gasar Mata ta Aljeriya: 2009-10, 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-142013–14
* [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Aljeriya|Kofin Mata na Aljeriya]]: 2009-10, 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13

'''AS Tsaro na Kasa'''

* [[Gasar Cin Kofin Matan Aljeriya|Kofin Mata na Aljeriya]]: 2014-15, 2016-17
* Kofin Kungiyar Mata ta Aljeriya: 2017-182017–18

'''Etihad'''

* Jordan Women's Pro League: 2024
* Kofin Jordan na Mata: 2024

== Manazarta ==
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1315532016|Jacqueline Diffring]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Jacqueline Diffring''' (7 ga Fabrairu 1920 - 28 ga Satumba 2020) ƙwararren mai sassaka ce ta Jamus-Birtaniya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Berlin.de&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Das Innere Auge, Skulptur von Jacqueline Diffring |url=https://www.berlin.de/ba-charlottenburg-wilmersdorf/bezirk/lexikon/dasinnereauge.html |access-date=23 April 2013 |website=Lexikon: Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf von A bis Z |publisher=Berlin.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita kuma 'yar'uwar jarumi Anton Diffring ce .

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
An haifi Diffring a [[Koblenz]], Jamus a watan Fabrairun 1920. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jacqueline Diffring Foundation |url=http://www.berlin.de/ba-charlottenburg-wilmersdorf/bezirk/jacqueline_diffring_foundation.html |access-date=14 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta fara karatunta na fasaha tun tana 'yar shekara 17 a Makarantar Reimann da ke Berlin. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, tsananin wariya da ramuwar gayya daga ' yan gurguzu na ƙasa ya sa ta yi ƙaura zuwa Burtaniya. Diffring ya sami takardar zama ɗan ƙasar Birtaniya kuma ya kammala karatunsa a fannin zane-zane a Kwalejin Fasaha da ke Cambridge a shekarar 1946. A Makarantar Fasaha ta Chelsea da ke Landan ta yi karatun sassaka tare da Willi Soukop da Mac William a ƙarƙashin [[Henry Moore]] . Bayan ta kammala karatunta a Jami'ar Landan, ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta a Makarantar Grammar ta Wisbech . Tun farkon shekarun 1960, Jacqueline Diffring ta zauna kuma ta yi aiki a Faransa.

A shekara ta 2007 ta ƙaddamar da wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta: Gidauniyar Jacqueline Diffring, wacce ta sadaukar da kanta don haɓaka fasaha da al'adu, tana ba da kyautar Yuro 5000 kowace shekara ga wani matashin mai sassaka na duniya.

Diffring ya cika shekaru 100 a watan Fabrairun 2020  kuma ya mutu a watan Satumba a Châteauneuf Grasse, Faransa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 October 2020 |title=Jacqueline Diffring Foundation |url=https://www.diffringfoundation.com/?p=505}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin mata 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Jamus

== Manazarta ==

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'''Jacqueline Diffring''' (7 ga Fabrairu 1920 - 28 ga Satumba 2020) ƙwararren mai sassaka ce ta Jamus-Birtaniya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Berlin.de&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Das Innere Auge, Skulptur von Jacqueline Diffring |url=https://www.berlin.de/ba-charlottenburg-wilmersdorf/bezirk/lexikon/dasinnereauge.html |access-date=23 April 2013 |website=Lexikon: Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf von A bis Z |publisher=Berlin.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita kuma 'yar'uwar jarumi Anton Diffring ce .

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
An haifi Diffring a [[Koblenz]], Jamus a watan Fabrairun 1920. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jacqueline Diffring Foundation |url=http://www.berlin.de/ba-charlottenburg-wilmersdorf/bezirk/jacqueline_diffring_foundation.html |access-date=14 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta fara karatunta na fasaha tun tana 'yar shekara 17 a Makarantar Reimann da ke Berlin. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, tsananin wariya da ramuwar gayya daga ' yan gurguzu na ƙasa ya sa ta yi ƙaura zuwa Burtaniya. Diffring ya sami takardar zama ɗan ƙasar Birtaniya kuma ya kammala karatunsa a fannin zane-zane a Kwalejin Fasaha da ke Cambridge a shekarar 1946. A Makarantar Fasaha ta Chelsea da ke Landan ta yi karatun sassaka tare da Willi Soukop da Mac William a ƙarƙashin [[Henry Moore]] . Bayan ta kammala karatunta a Jami'ar Landan, ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta a Makarantar Grammar ta Wisbech . Tun farkon shekarun 1960, Jacqueline Diffring ta zauna kuma ta yi aiki a Faransa.

A shekara ta 2007 ta ƙaddamar da wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta: Gidauniyar Jacqueline Diffring, wacce ta sadaukar da kanta don haɓaka fasaha da al'adu, tana ba da kyautar Yuro 5000 kowace shekara ga wani matashin mai sassaka na duniya.

Diffring ya cika shekaru 100 a watan Fabrairun 2020  kuma ya mutu a watan Satumba a Châteauneuf Grasse, Faransa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 October 2020 |title=Jacqueline Diffring Foundation |url=https://www.diffringfoundation.com/?p=505}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin mata 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Jamus

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]]
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  <page>
    <title>Elvira Bach</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1287475200|Elvira Bach]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Elvira Bach''' (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga Yuni 1951) wata mai zane ce 'yar Jamus [[Postmodernism|mai ra'ayin zamani]] wadda aka san ta da kyawawan hotunan mata. &lt;ref name=&quot;LLC1987&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=New York Media, LLC |date=23 March 1987 |title=New York Magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c-QCAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA72 |journal=New York |publisher=New York Media, LLC |page=72 |issn=0028-7369 |access-date=18 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mamba ce a ƙungiyar fasaha ta Junge Wilde, tana zaune kuma tana aiki a Berlin. &lt;ref name=&quot;Giessen&quot; /&gt; Ita ce uwar 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando Maodo Lô . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hermsmeier |first=Lukas |date=2015-03-16 |title=Berliner Basketballer in den USA: Maodo Lo, der gefragte Kleptomane |url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/sport/berliner-basketballer-in-den-usa-maodo-lo-der-gefragte-kleptomane/11470890.html |access-date=2015-04-08 |website=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==

=== Rayuwar farko ===
An haifi Elvira Bach a ranar 22 ga Yuni 1951 a Neuenhain a Hesse, [[Yammacin Jamus]] . Ta girma tare da tagwayen 'yar uwarta Ingrid a wani yanki na karkara. 

=== Rayuwa da ilimi ===
Daga shekarar 1967 zuwa 1970, Bach ya yi karatu a makarantar koyon sana'o'i ta Erwin-Stein-Schule (makarantar koyon sana'o'i ta jiha) da ke Hadamar . Bayan haka, ta koma Berlin ta kuma yi karatun zane-zane daga 1972 zuwa 1979 a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Berlin tare da &quot;Junge Wilde&quot; ko &quot;Neue Wilde&quot; masu taken Rainer Fetting da Salomé . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elvira Bach Kunst online kaufen – art box berlin |url=https://www.artboxberlin.com/kuenstler/elvira-bach.html#page=1 |access-date=2019-03-30 |website=artboxberlin.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin karatunta, ta yi aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Schaubühne da ke Berlin. &lt;ref name=&quot;Elvira Bach – Biography&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elvira Bach – Biography |url=https://rogallery.com/Bach_Elvira/bach-biography.htm |access-date=2019-03-30 |website=rogallery.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1981, wani tallafin karatu ya jagoranci Elvira Bach zuwa Jamhuriyar Dominican don yin karatu a matsayin &quot;mai zane a wurin zama&quot;, kuma abubuwan da ta fuskanta a can sun ba ta kwarin gwiwa sosai. A wannan shekarar, an gayyace ta ta shiga cikin &quot; Documenta VII &quot;. Wannan shine nasarar da ta samu wanda ya kai ga nune-nunen zane-zane na ƙasa da ƙasa da na ƙasashen waje. &lt;ref name=&quot;Elvira Bach – Biography&quot; /&gt;

== Tarin abubuwa da nune-nunen ==

* 1978: Metzgerei &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=ELVIRA BACH |url=https://www.karlundfaber.de/en/product-category/artist/elvira-bach-en/ |access-date=2019-03-30 |website=Karl&amp;Faber |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1979: zane-zanen baho, SO 36, Berlin &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* 1982: takardun tarihi 7, Kassel &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* 1988: Zane Mai Gyaran Gado - Hoton Jamusanci 1969–1988, Gidan Tarihi na Guggenheim, New York
* 1990/1991: Mannheimer Kunstverein, Mannheim da Kunsthalle Wilhelmshaven, Wilhelmshaven da Neue Galerie Graz
* 1999: Gidan a kan Lützowplatz Berlin
* 2001: Gidan Tarihi na Jihar Bavarian a Asbach Abbey
* 2002: Kunsthalle Dominikanerkirche, Osnabrück
* 2004: Kunstverein Salzgitter
* 2006: Kronacher Kunstverein e. V., a kan kagara Rosenberg
* 2006: Gidan a kan Lützowplatz, Berlin
* 2007: Hotunan Nuha, Augsburg
* 2009: Stadtgalerie Bad Soden im Taunus; ''Tasirin 'yan Afirka'', Frauenmuseum Bonn
* 2010: Gidan Tarihi na Fasahar Turai (NRW), Gidan Tarihi na Nörvenich, kusa da Cologne
* 2011: Galerie Jaeschke, Brunswick
* 2012: Gallery Anne Moerchen, Hamburg
* 2013: Hotunan Art350, Istanbul
* 2013: Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi, Limburg an der Lahn
* 2015: Gidan kayan tarihi na Art na zamani - Diether Kunerth, Ottobeuren
* Yanzu haka: MoMA a New York, Vancouver Art Gallery, da kuma Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha a Augsburg &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Salo ==
Hotunan mata na Bach masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun yi kama da jigogin rayuwarta, kuma da yawa daga cikin ayyukanta sun yi kama da mai zane. Sau da yawa tana nuna hotunan mata masu launuka iri-iri waɗanda ke wakiltar fannoni da yawa na rayuwar mace, daga rauni zuwa sha'awa zuwa ga son kai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elvira Bach |url=https://www.artcadia-gallery.com/artist/artist-a-e/elvira-bach/ |access-date=2019-03-30 |website=Artcadia Gallery Store |language=de-DE}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayyukan Bach na farkon shekarun 1980 galibi suna nuna ra'ayin kansu ne kuma suna mai da hankali kan kansu ( ''Dare Owl'', ''Sophisticated Lady'', ''Always Me'' ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-12-19 |title=Exhibition: Elvira Bach – Frühe Werke 1979-1990 – 68projects {{!}} ART@Berlin |url=https://www.artatberlin.com/en/exhibition-elvira-bach-fruehe-werke-1979-1990-68projects-artberlin/ |access-date=2019-03-30 |website=ART at Berlin {{!}} Contemporary Art {{!}} Ausstellungen {{!}} Galerien {{!}} Museen {{!}} Galerieführer {{!}} Kunst {{!}} Map |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, bayan aurenta da haihuwar 'ya'yanta maza biyu, fasaharta ta zama mafi wakilcin sabon yanayin gidanta na sirri da kuma rayuwar gida. Duk da cewa Elvira Bach ta fi mayar da hankali kan zane-zane, tana kuma aiki a kan sassaka na tagulla, yumbu da kuma sassaka gilashin Murano .

== Manazarta ==

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{{Databox}}
'''Elvira Bach''' (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga Yuni 1951) wata mai zane ce 'yar Jamus [[Postmodernism|mai ra'ayin zamani]] wadda aka san ta da kyawawan hotunan mata. &lt;ref name=&quot;LLC1987&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=New York Media, LLC |date=23 March 1987 |title=New York Magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c-QCAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA72 |journal=New York |publisher=New York Media, LLC |page=72 |issn=0028-7369 |access-date=18 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mamba ce a ƙungiyar fasaha ta Junge Wilde, tana zaune kuma tana aiki a Berlin. &lt;ref name=&quot;Giessen&quot; /&gt; Ita ce uwar 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando Maodo Lô . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hermsmeier |first=Lukas |date=2015-03-16 |title=Berliner Basketballer in den USA: Maodo Lo, der gefragte Kleptomane |url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/sport/berliner-basketballer-in-den-usa-maodo-lo-der-gefragte-kleptomane/11470890.html |access-date=2015-04-08 |website=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==

=== Rayuwar farko ===
An haifi Elvira Bach a ranar 22 ga Yuni 1951 a Neuenhain a Hesse, [[Yammacin Jamus]] . Ta girma tare da tagwayen 'yar uwarta Ingrid a wani yanki na karkara. 

=== Rayuwa da ilimi ===
Daga shekarar 1967 zuwa 1970, Bach ya yi karatu a makarantar koyon sana'o'i ta Erwin-Stein-Schule (makarantar koyon sana'o'i ta jiha) da ke Hadamar . Bayan haka, ta koma Berlin ta kuma yi karatun zane-zane daga 1972 zuwa 1979 a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Berlin tare da &quot;Junge Wilde&quot; ko &quot;Neue Wilde&quot; masu taken Rainer Fetting da Salomé . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elvira Bach Kunst online kaufen – art box berlin |url=https://www.artboxberlin.com/kuenstler/elvira-bach.html#page=1 |access-date=2019-03-30 |website=artboxberlin.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin karatunta, ta yi aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Schaubühne da ke Berlin. &lt;ref name=&quot;Elvira Bach – Biography&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elvira Bach – Biography |url=https://rogallery.com/Bach_Elvira/bach-biography.htm |access-date=2019-03-30 |website=rogallery.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1981, wani tallafin karatu ya jagoranci Elvira Bach zuwa Jamhuriyar Dominican don yin karatu a matsayin &quot;mai zane a wurin zama&quot;, kuma abubuwan da ta fuskanta a can sun ba ta kwarin gwiwa sosai. A wannan shekarar, an gayyace ta ta shiga cikin &quot; Documenta VII &quot;. Wannan shine nasarar da ta samu wanda ya kai ga nune-nunen zane-zane na ƙasa da ƙasa da na ƙasashen waje. &lt;ref name=&quot;Elvira Bach – Biography&quot; /&gt;

== Tarin abubuwa da nune-nunen ==

* 1978: Metzgerei &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=ELVIRA BACH |url=https://www.karlundfaber.de/en/product-category/artist/elvira-bach-en/ |access-date=2019-03-30 |website=Karl&amp;Faber |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1979: zane-zanen baho, SO 36, Berlin &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* 1982: takardun tarihi 7, Kassel &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* 1988: Zane Mai Gyaran Gado - Hoton Jamusanci 1969–1988, Gidan Tarihi na Guggenheim, New York
* 1990/1991: Mannheimer Kunstverein, Mannheim da Kunsthalle Wilhelmshaven, Wilhelmshaven da Neue Galerie Graz
* 1999: Gidan a kan Lützowplatz Berlin
* 2001: Gidan Tarihi na Jihar Bavarian a Asbach Abbey
* 2002: Kunsthalle Dominikanerkirche, Osnabrück
* 2004: Kunstverein Salzgitter
* 2006: Kronacher Kunstverein e. V., a kan kagara Rosenberg
* 2006: Gidan a kan Lützowplatz, Berlin
* 2007: Hotunan Nuha, Augsburg
* 2009: Stadtgalerie Bad Soden im Taunus; ''Tasirin 'yan Afirka'', Frauenmuseum Bonn
* 2010: Gidan Tarihi na Fasahar Turai (NRW), Gidan Tarihi na Nörvenich, kusa da Cologne
* 2011: Galerie Jaeschke, Brunswick
* 2012: Gallery Anne Moerchen, Hamburg
* 2013: Hotunan Art350, Istanbul
* 2013: Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi, Limburg an der Lahn
* 2015: Gidan kayan tarihi na Art na zamani - Diether Kunerth, Ottobeuren
* Yanzu haka: MoMA a New York, Vancouver Art Gallery, da kuma Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha a Augsburg &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Salo ==
Hotunan mata na Bach masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun yi kama da jigogin rayuwarta, kuma da yawa daga cikin ayyukanta sun yi kama da mai zane. Sau da yawa tana nuna hotunan mata masu launuka iri-iri waɗanda ke wakiltar fannoni da yawa na rayuwar mace, daga rauni zuwa sha'awa zuwa ga son kai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elvira Bach |url=https://www.artcadia-gallery.com/artist/artist-a-e/elvira-bach/ |access-date=2019-03-30 |website=Artcadia Gallery Store |language=de-DE}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayyukan Bach na farkon shekarun 1980 galibi suna nuna ra'ayin kansu ne kuma suna mai da hankali kan kansu ( ''Dare Owl'', ''Sophisticated Lady'', ''Always Me'' ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-12-19 |title=Exhibition: Elvira Bach – Frühe Werke 1979-1990 – 68projects {{!}} ART@Berlin |url=https://www.artatberlin.com/en/exhibition-elvira-bach-fruehe-werke-1979-1990-68projects-artberlin/ |access-date=2019-03-30 |website=ART at Berlin {{!}} Contemporary Art {{!}} Ausstellungen {{!}} Galerien {{!}} Museen {{!}} Galerieführer {{!}} Kunst {{!}} Map |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, bayan aurenta da haihuwar 'ya'yanta maza biyu, fasaharta ta zama mafi wakilcin sabon yanayin gidanta na sirri da kuma rayuwar gida. Duk da cewa Elvira Bach ta fi mayar da hankali kan zane-zane, tana kuma aiki a kan sassaka na tagulla, yumbu da kuma sassaka gilashin Murano .

== Manazarta ==

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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343885817|Juliane Wilhelmine Bause]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Fayil:1785_Graff_Portrait_Juliane_Wilhelmine_Bause_anagoria.JPG|thumb|229x229px| Juliane Wilhelmine Bause; Hoton Anton Graff (c.1785)]]
[[Fayil:J._W._Bause_-_Eremit.jpg|thumb|325x325px| Tsarin ƙasa tare da Hermit]]
'''Juliane Wilhelmine Bause''' (4 ga Yuli 1768, [[Leipzig]] - 8 ga Agusta 1837, Leipzig) ɗan ƙasar Jamus ne mai zane da zanen tagulla .

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
Ita ce ƙarama a cikin 'ya'ya mata biyu da mai sassaka tagulla, Johann Friedrich Bause, da matarsa, Henriette Charlotte, wacce aka haifa a shekara ta 1742–1818, suka haifa. Mahaifinta ne ya ba ta darussan zane na farko; daga baya ya koya mata dabarun sassaka da sassaka. Ta haɗu da fitattun masana ilimi da yawa lokacin da suka ziyarci ɗakin aikinsa, ciki har da [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]], Schiller da Charlotte von Stein . Yayanta, {{Interlanguage link|Friederike Charlotte Bause|de}}, ƙwararren mawaƙi ne, amma ya mutu yana da shekaru goma sha tara.

A cikin 1792, ta auri ma'aikacin banki Carl Eberhard Löhr (1763-1813), ɗan ma'aikacin banki {{Interlanguage link|Eberhard Heinrich Löhr|de}} . Lokacin da ya mutu a shekara ta 1798, sun gaji gadonsa, {{Interlanguage link|Löhrs Garten|de}}, wani babban wurin shakatawa mai babban gida. Jim kaɗan bayan mutuwar mijinta, Janar Jean Toussaint Arrighi de Casanova, gwamnan Leipzig na Faransa ya kore ta daga gidan. Ta gudu zuwa Weimar, tare da 'yarta mai shekaru goma sha tara, Henriette, tare da mahaifinta, wanda ya mutu a can a shekara mai zuwa.

A Weimar, Henriette ta haɗu da mawaƙi kuma marubuci, {{Interlanguage link|Johann Georg Keil|de}}, kuma sun yi aure a shekara ta 1814. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, duk suka koma Leipzig suka sake kwace kadarorin iyali, wanda aka lalata a lokacin Yaƙin Leipzig . Baya ga ayyukan adabinsa, Keil ya gyara kuma ya faɗaɗa lambuna. Ya kuma kula da tarin zane-zanen da suka kasance na Eberhard Heinrich Löhr, da kuma tarin zane-zanen da aka gada daga Johann Friedrich Bause.

Lokacin ƙirƙirar Juliane ya yi gajere, domin ya ƙare lokacin da ta auri Carl Eberhard. Daga 1789 zuwa 1791, ta zana wasu zane-zane na musamman, bayan Masters na Dutch da kuma wasu 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Jamus da suka mutu kwanan nan; ciki har da Ferdinand Kobell da {{Interlanguage link|Johann Georg Wagner|de}} . An rarraba waɗannan a sirri.  Akwai kuma wasu zane-zane da launukan ruwa a kan asali.

{{Interlanguage link|Stadtgeschichtliches Museum Leipzig|de}} tana da zane-zane da zane-zane tara.  Ana iya samun wasu ayyuka a Albertina, da Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden da Philadelphia Museum of Art .

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[[Fayil:1785_Graff_Portrait_Juliane_Wilhelmine_Bause_anagoria.JPG|thumb|229x229px| Juliane Wilhelmine Bause; Hoton Anton Graff (c.1785)]]
[[Fayil:J._W._Bause_-_Eremit.jpg|thumb|325x325px| Tsarin ƙasa tare da Hermit]]
'''Juliane Wilhelmine Bause''' (4 ga Yuli 1768, [[Leipzig]] - 8 ga Agusta 1837, Leipzig) ɗan ƙasar Jamus ne mai zane da zanen tagulla .

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
Ita ce ƙarama a cikin 'ya'ya mata biyu da mai sassaka tagulla, Johann Friedrich Bause, da matarsa, Henriette Charlotte, wacce aka haifa a shekara ta 1742–1818, suka haifa. Mahaifinta ne ya ba ta darussan zane na farko; daga baya ya koya mata dabarun sassaka da sassaka. Ta haɗu da fitattun masana ilimi da yawa lokacin da suka ziyarci ɗakin aikinsa, ciki har da [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]], Schiller da Charlotte von Stein . Yayanta, {{Interlanguage link|Friederike Charlotte Bause|de}}, ƙwararren mawaƙi ne, amma ya mutu yana da shekaru goma sha tara.

A cikin 1792, ta auri ma'aikacin banki Carl Eberhard Löhr (1763-1813), ɗan ma'aikacin banki {{Interlanguage link|Eberhard Heinrich Löhr|de}} . Lokacin da ya mutu a shekara ta 1798, sun gaji gadonsa, {{Interlanguage link|Löhrs Garten|de}}, wani babban wurin shakatawa mai babban gida. Jim kaɗan bayan mutuwar mijinta, Janar Jean Toussaint Arrighi de Casanova, gwamnan Leipzig na Faransa ya kore ta daga gidan. Ta gudu zuwa Weimar, tare da 'yarta mai shekaru goma sha tara, Henriette, tare da mahaifinta, wanda ya mutu a can a shekara mai zuwa.

A Weimar, Henriette ta haɗu da mawaƙi kuma marubuci, {{Interlanguage link|Johann Georg Keil|de}}, kuma sun yi aure a shekara ta 1814. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, duk suka koma Leipzig suka sake kwace kadarorin iyali, wanda aka lalata a lokacin Yaƙin Leipzig.&lt;ref&gt;Appendix in: Georg Keil: Catalog des Kupferstichwerkes von Johann Friedrich Bause: mit einigen biografischen Notizen; Leipzig, 1849 (Online)&lt;/ref&gt; Baya ga ayyukan adabinsa, Keil ya gyara kuma ya faɗaɗa lambuna. Ya kuma kula da tarin zane-zanen da suka kasance na Eberhard Heinrich Löhr, da kuma tarin zane-zanen da aka gada daga Johann Friedrich Bause.

Lokacin ƙirƙirar Juliane ya yi gajere, domin ya ƙare lokacin da ta auri Carl Eberhard. Daga 1789 zuwa 1791, ta zana wasu zane-zane na musamman, bayan Masters na Dutch da kuma wasu 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Jamus da suka mutu kwanan nan; ciki har da Ferdinand Kobell da {{Interlanguage link|Johann Georg Wagner|de}} . An rarraba waɗannan a sirri.  Akwai kuma wasu zane-zane da launukan ruwa a kan asali.

{{Interlanguage link|Stadtgeschichtliches Museum Leipzig|de}} tana da zane-zane da zane-zane tara.  Ana iya samun wasu ayyuka a Albertina, da Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden da Philadelphia Museum of Art .

== Manazarta ==</text>
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[[Fayil:J._W._Bause_-_Eremit.jpg|thumb|325x325px| Tsarin ƙasa tare da Hermit]]
'''Juliane Wilhelmine Bause''' (4 ga Yuli 1768, [[Leipzig]] - 8 ga Agusta 1837, Leipzig) ɗan ƙasar Jamus ne mai zane da zanen tagulla .

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
Ita ce ƙarama a cikin 'ya'ya mata biyu da mai sassaka tagulla, Johann Friedrich Bause, da matarsa, Henriette Charlotte, wacce aka haifa a shekara ta 1742–1818, suka haifa. Mahaifinta ne ya ba ta darussan zane na farko; daga baya ya koya mata dabarun sassaka da sassaka. Ta haɗu da fitattun masana ilimi da yawa lokacin da suka ziyarci ɗakin aikinsa, ciki har da [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]], Schiller da Charlotte von Stein . Yayanta, {{Interlanguage link|Friederike Charlotte Bause|de}}, ƙwararren mawaƙi ne, amma ya mutu yana da shekaru goma sha tara.

A cikin 1792, ta auri ma'aikacin banki Carl Eberhard Löhr (1763-1813), ɗan ma'aikacin banki {{Interlanguage link|Eberhard Heinrich Löhr|de}} . Lokacin da ya mutu a shekara ta 1798, sun gaji gadonsa, {{Interlanguage link|Löhrs Garten|de}}, wani babban wurin shakatawa mai babban gida. Jim kaɗan bayan mutuwar mijinta, Janar Jean Toussaint Arrighi de Casanova, gwamnan Leipzig na Faransa ya kore ta daga gidan. Ta gudu zuwa Weimar, tare da 'yarta mai shekaru goma sha tara, Henriette, tare da mahaifinta, wanda ya mutu a can a shekara mai zuwa.

A Weimar, Henriette ta haɗu da mawaƙi kuma marubuci, {{Interlanguage link|Johann Georg Keil|de}}, kuma sun yi aure a shekara ta 1814. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, duk suka koma Leipzig suka sake kwace kadarorin iyali, wanda aka lalata a lokacin Yaƙin Leipzig.&lt;ref&gt;Appendix in: Georg Keil: Catalog des Kupferstichwerkes von Johann Friedrich Bause: mit einigen biografischen Notizen; Leipzig, 1849 (Online)&lt;/ref&gt; Baya ga ayyukan adabinsa, Keil ya gyara kuma ya faɗaɗa lambuna. Ya kuma kula da tarin zane-zanen da suka kasance na Eberhard Heinrich Löhr, da kuma tarin zane-zanen da aka gada daga Johann Friedrich Bause.

Lokacin ƙirƙirar Juliane ya yi gajere, domin ya ƙare lokacin da ta auri Carl Eberhard. Daga 1789 zuwa 1791, ta zana wasu zane-zane na musamman, bayan Masters na Dutch da kuma wasu 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Jamus da suka mutu kwanan nan; ciki har da Ferdinand Kobell da {{Interlanguage link|Johann Georg Wagner|de}} . An rarraba waɗannan a sirri.  Akwai kuma wasu zane-zane da launukan ruwa a kan asali.

{{Interlanguage link|Stadtgeschichtliches Museum Leipzig|de}} tana da zane-zane da zane-zane tara.  Ana iya samun wasu ayyuka a Albertina, da Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden da Philadelphia Museum of Art .

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336458547|Adoudou Konaté]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Adoudou Konaté''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 1994) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar [[Mali|Malian]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon mata ta ƙasar Mali . Ta fafata a Mali a gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2018, inda ta buga wasanni biyar. Tanada matukar anfani

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336458547|Adoudou Konaté]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Adoudou Konaté''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 1994) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar [[Mali|Malian]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon mata ta ƙasar Mali . Ta fafata a Mali a gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2018, inda ta buga wasanni biyar. Tanada matukar anfani

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{Mali squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}}{{Mali squad 2024 Women's Africa Cup of Nations}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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'''Adoudou Konaté''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 1994) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar [[Mali|Malian]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon mata ta ƙasar Mali . Ta fafata a Mali a gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2018, inda ta buga wasanni biyar. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{Mali squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}}{{Mali squad 2024 Women's Africa Cup of Nations}}
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{{Databox}}

'''Adoudou Konaté''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 1994) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar [[Mali|Malian]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon mata ta ƙasar Mali . Ta fafata a Mali a gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2018, inda ta buga wasanni biyar. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{Mali squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}}{{Mali squad 2024 Women's Africa Cup of Nations}}
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354683375|Ruth Bernhard]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Ruth Bernhard''' (14 ga Oktoba, 1905 – 18 ga Disamba, 2006) ɗan ƙasar Jamus ne mai ɗaukar hoto ɗan Amurka. 

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Bernhard a Berlin ga Lucian Bernhard da Gertrude Hoffmann. An san Lucian Bernhard da zane-zanen fosta da rubutu, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu suna ɗauke da sunansa kuma har yanzu ana amfani da su. Iyayen Bernhard sun rabu lokacin da take 'yar shekara 2 kuma ta haɗu da mahaifiyarta sau biyu kacal bayan rabuwar.  'Yan'uwa mata biyu na malaman makaranta ne suka rene ta da mahaifiyarsu.  Mahaifin Bernhard, Lucian, babban mai goyon bayan aikin Ruth ne, kuma yana ba ta shawara akai-akai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Corinne |first=Tee A. |title=Bernhard, Ruth |url=http://www.glbtqarchive.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bernhard ta yi karatun tarihin fasaha da kuma rubutun rubutu a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Berlin daga 1925 zuwa 1927  kafin ta koma birnin New York don ta haɗu da mahaifinta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ruth Bernhard at Historic Camera – History Librarium |url=http://historiccamera.com/cgi-bin/librarium2/pm.cgi?action=app_display&amp;app=datasheet&amp;app_id=2096 |access-date=March 11, 2017 |website=historiccamera.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta fara koyarwa a Jami'ar California a shekarar 1958, yayin da take ba da laccoci, darussa da kuma bita a duk faɗin Amurka. 

== Aikin daukar hoto ==
A shekarar 1927 Bernhard ta ƙaura zuwa birnin New York, inda mahaifinta yake zaune. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiya ga Ralph Steiner a mujallar ''Delineator'', amma ya sallame ta saboda rashin nuna damuwa. Ta amfani da albashin sallama, Bernhard ta sayi kayan aikin kyamara nata.  A ƙarshen shekarun 1920, lokacin da yake zaune a Manhattan, Bernhard ya shiga cikin al'adun 'yan madigo na al'ummar masu fasaha, inda ya zama abokai da mai ɗaukar hoto Berenice Abbott da masoyinta, mai suka Elizabeth McCausland. Farkon fahimtarta cewa tana sha'awar wasu mata ya faru ne a ranar Sabuwar Shekara ta 1928 lokacin da ta haɗu da mai zane Patti Light.  Ta rubuta game da &quot;gudunmawarta ta maza biyu&quot; a cikin tarihin rayuwarta.  A shekarar 1934 Bernhard ya fara ɗaukar hotunan mata a cikin tsirara.  Wannan fasahar ce za ta zama sananniyar da za ta shahara da ita daga ƙarshe.  A shekarar 1935, ta samu damar haɗuwa da Edward Weston a bakin teku a Santa Monica .  Daga baya za ta ce;

Bernhard ya sami kwarin gwiwa sosai daga ayyukan Weston har ta kai ga, bayan ta haɗu da shi a shekarar 1935, ta ƙaura zuwa California (inda yake zaune). A shekarar 1939, Bernhard ta koma New York na tsawon shekaru takwas, a lokacin ne ta haɗu da mai ɗaukar hoto Alfred Stieglitz. 

Bernhard ta sami kwarin gwiwa daga ƙananan abubuwan da ke cikin rayuwarta. A wata hira da Ruth ta yi da 1999 tare da [[Photographers Forum|Dandalin Masu Daukar Hoto]], ta ce, &quot;Ina matukar sha'awar—ƙananan abubuwan da babu wanda ya lura da su, waɗanda babu wanda yake tunanin suna da wani amfani&quot;.  A cikin wannan hirar ta bayyana cewa, &quot;Komai na duniya ne&quot; kuma ta &quot;sane sosai game da hakan&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Wannan ra'ayin minimalism ya motsa sha'awarta ga daukar hoto.

== Rayuwa a Gabar Tekun Yamma ==
A shekarar 1944 ta haɗu kuma ta fara hulɗa da mai zane kuma mai tsara Eveline (Evelyn) Phimist. Su biyun sun ƙaura tare, kuma suka zauna tare tsawon shekaru goma a Carmel, California . A nan, Bernhard ya yi aiki tare da Rukunin f/64 . Ba da daɗewa ba, ganin Carmel a matsayin wuri mai wahala don samun abin rayuwa, suka ƙaura zuwa Hollywood inda ta fara sana'ar ɗaukar hoto ta kasuwanci. A shekarar 1953, sun ƙaura zuwa San Francisco  inda ta zama abokin aikin masu ɗaukar hoto kamar [[Ansel Adams]], Imogen Cunningham, Minor White, da Wynn Bullock .

Yawancin ayyukan Bernhard sun dogara ne akan situdiyo, tun daga rayuwa mai sauƙi zuwa tsirara mai rikitarwa. A shekarun 1940 ta yi aiki tare da masanin kimiyyar zane Jean Schwengel.  Ta yi aiki kusan kawai a cikin baƙaƙe da fari, kodayake akwai jita-jita cewa ta yi wasu ayyukan launi . An kuma san ta da ayyukanta masu taken 'yan madigo', musamman ''Two Forms'' (1962). A cikin wannan aikin, an nuna wata baƙar fata da wata farar mace waɗanda masoya ne na gaske, jikinsu tsirara an matse shi da juna. 

Tashi daga aiki ya kasance tare da Melvin Van Peebles (a matsayin &quot;Melvin Van&quot;), wani matashin direban kebul (direba) a lokacin a San Francisco. Van Peebles ne ya rubuta rubutun, Bernhard kuma ya ɗauki hotunan da ba a ɗauka ba don littafin ''The Big Heart'', wani littafi game da rayuwa a kan motocin kebul.

A farkon shekarun 1980, Bernhard ya fara aiki tare da Carol Williams, mamallakin Photography West Gallery da ke Carmel, California. Bernhard ta shaida wa Williams cewa ta san za a sami littafin daukar hotonta bayan mutuwarta, amma tana fatan za a iya buga daya a rayuwarta. Williams ya tuntubi Ƙungiyar Zane-zane ta New York, da wasu masu buga littattafan daukar hoto da dama, amma an shawarce shi da cewa &quot;Ansel Adams ne kawai zai iya sayar da littattafan daukar hoto na baƙi da fari .&quot; Bernhard da Williams sun yanke shawarar sayar da takardu guda biyar masu iyaka domin tara kudaden da ake buƙata don buga wani littafi mai inganci na Ruth Bernhard tsirara. An buga bugu na gaba ta hannun David Gray Gardner na Gardner Lithograph, (wanda kuma shi ne mawallafin littattafan Adams) kuma aka kira shi ''The Eternal Body'' . Ta lashe kyautar Littafin Daukar Hoto na Shekara a shekarar 1986 daga Abokan Daukar Hoto. Ruth Bernhard sau da yawa ta yaba wa wannan littafin a matsayin wani taimako mai girma ga aikinta na gaba da kuma yadda take girmama jama'a. An sake buga littafin The Eternal Body ta Chronicle Books, daga baya kuma aka sake buga shi a matsayin littafin Centennial mai rahusa don murnar cika shekaru 100 da haihuwar Ruth Bernhard a watan Oktoban 2005. Carol Williams ta yaba wa Ruth Bernhard saboda ƙarfafa ta ta shiga buga littattafai, sannan daga baya ta buga wasu takardu na ɗaukar hoto. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2018 |title=Female Pioneers of Photography. I guess unseen can be applied here |url=https://www.anatomyfilms.com/female-pioneers-photography/ |access-date=March 5, 2020 |website=Anatomy Films |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2006]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1905]]</text>
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'''Ruth Bernhard''' (14 ga Oktoba, 1905 – 18 ga Disamba, 2006) ɗan ƙasar Jamus ne mai ɗaukar hoto ɗan Amurka. 

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Bernhard a Berlin ga Lucian Bernhard da Gertrude Hoffmann. An san Lucian Bernhard da zane-zanen fosta da rubutu, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu suna ɗauke da sunansa kuma har yanzu ana amfani da su. Iyayen Bernhard sun rabu lokacin da take 'yar shekara 2 kuma ta haɗu da mahaifiyarta sau biyu kacal bayan rabuwar.  'Yan'uwa mata biyu na malaman makaranta ne suka rene ta da mahaifiyarsu.  Mahaifin Bernhard, Lucian, babban mai goyon bayan aikin Ruth ne, kuma yana ba ta shawara akai-akai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Corinne |first=Tee A. |title=Bernhard, Ruth |url=http://www.glbtqarchive.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bernhard ta yi karatun tarihin fasaha da kuma rubutun rubutu a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Berlin daga 1925 zuwa 1927  kafin ta koma birnin New York don ta haɗu da mahaifinta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ruth Bernhard at Historic Camera – History Librarium |url=http://historiccamera.com/cgi-bin/librarium2/pm.cgi?action=app_display&amp;app=datasheet&amp;app_id=2096 |access-date=March 11, 2017 |website=historiccamera.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta fara koyarwa a Jami'ar California a shekarar 1958, yayin da take ba da laccoci, darussa da kuma bita a duk faɗin Amurka. 

== Aikin daukar hoto ==
A shekarar 1927 Bernhard ta ƙaura zuwa birnin New York, inda mahaifinta yake zaune. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiya ga Ralph Steiner a mujallar ''Delineator'', amma ya sallame ta saboda rashin nuna damuwa. Ta amfani da albashin sallama, Bernhard ta sayi kayan aikin kyamara nata.  A ƙarshen shekarun 1920, lokacin da yake zaune a Manhattan, Bernhard ya shiga cikin al'adun 'yan madigo na al'ummar masu fasaha, inda ya zama abokai da mai ɗaukar hoto Berenice Abbott da masoyinta, mai suka Elizabeth McCausland. Farkon fahimtarta cewa tana sha'awar wasu mata ya faru ne a ranar Sabuwar Shekara ta 1928 lokacin da ta haɗu da mai zane Patti Light.  Ta rubuta game da &quot;gudunmawarta ta maza biyu&quot; a cikin tarihin rayuwarta.  A shekarar 1934 Bernhard ya fara ɗaukar hotunan mata a cikin tsirara.  Wannan fasahar ce za ta zama sananniyar da za ta shahara da ita daga ƙarshe.  A shekarar 1935, ta samu damar haɗuwa da Edward Weston a bakin teku a Santa Monica .  Daga baya za ta ce;

Bernhard ya sami kwarin gwiwa sosai daga ayyukan Weston har ta kai ga, bayan ta haɗu da shi a shekarar 1935, ta ƙaura zuwa California (inda yake zaune). A shekarar 1939, Bernhard ta koma New York na tsawon shekaru takwas, a lokacin ne ta haɗu da mai ɗaukar hoto Alfred Stieglitz. 

Bernhard ta sami kwarin gwiwa daga ƙananan abubuwan da ke cikin rayuwarta. A wata hira da Ruth ta yi da 1999 tare da [[Photographers Forum|Dandalin Masu Daukar Hoto]], ta ce, &quot;Ina matukar sha'awar—ƙananan abubuwan da babu wanda ya lura da su, waɗanda babu wanda yake tunanin suna da wani amfani&quot;.  A cikin wannan hirar ta bayyana cewa, &quot;Komai na duniya ne&quot; kuma ta &quot;sane sosai game da hakan&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Wannan ra'ayin minimalism ya motsa sha'awarta ga daukar hoto.

== Rayuwa a Gabar Tekun Yamma ==
A shekarar 1944 ta haɗu kuma ta fara hulɗa da mai zane kuma mai tsara Eveline (Evelyn) Phimist. Su biyun sun ƙaura tare, kuma suka zauna tare tsawon shekaru goma a Carmel, California . A nan, Bernhard ya yi aiki tare da Rukunin f/64 . Ba da daɗewa ba, ganin Carmel a matsayin wuri mai wahala don samun abin rayuwa, suka ƙaura zuwa Hollywood inda ta fara sana'ar ɗaukar hoto ta kasuwanci. A shekarar 1953, sun ƙaura zuwa San Francisco  inda ta zama abokin aikin masu ɗaukar hoto kamar [[Ansel Adams]], Imogen Cunningham, Minor White, da Wynn Bullock .

Yawancin ayyukan Bernhard sun dogara ne akan situdiyo, tun daga rayuwa mai sauƙi zuwa tsirara mai rikitarwa. A shekarun 1940 ta yi aiki tare da masanin kimiyyar zane Jean Schwengel.  Ta yi aiki kusan kawai a cikin baƙaƙe da fari, kodayake akwai jita-jita cewa ta yi wasu ayyukan launi . An kuma san ta da ayyukanta masu taken 'yan madigo', musamman ''Two Forms'' (1962). A cikin wannan aikin, an nuna wata baƙar fata da wata farar mace waɗanda masoya ne na gaske, jikinsu tsirara an matse shi da juna. 

Tashi daga aiki ya kasance tare da Melvin Van Peebles (a matsayin &quot;Melvin Van&quot;), wani matashin direban kebul (direba) a lokacin a San Francisco. Van Peebles ne ya rubuta rubutun, Bernhard kuma ya ɗauki hotunan da ba a ɗauka ba don littafin ''The Big Heart'', wani littafi game da rayuwa a kan motocin kebul.

A farkon shekarun 1980, Bernhard ya fara aiki tare da Carol Williams, mamallakin Photography West Gallery da ke Carmel, California. Bernhard ta shaida wa Williams cewa ta san za a sami littafin daukar hotonta bayan mutuwarta, amma tana fatan za a iya buga daya a rayuwarta. Williams ya tuntubi Ƙungiyar Zane-zane ta New York, da wasu masu buga littattafan daukar hoto da dama, amma an shawarce shi da cewa &quot;Ansel Adams ne kawai zai iya sayar da littattafan daukar hoto na baƙi da fari .&quot; Bernhard da Williams sun yanke shawarar sayar da takardu guda biyar masu iyaka domin tara kudaden da ake buƙata don buga wani littafi mai inganci na Ruth Bernhard tsirara. An buga bugu na gaba ta hannun David Gray Gardner na Gardner Lithograph, (wanda kuma shi ne mawallafin littattafan Adams) kuma aka kira shi ''The Eternal Body'' . Ta lashe kyautar Littafin Daukar Hoto na Shekara a shekarar 1986 daga Abokan Daukar Hoto. Ruth Bernhard sau da yawa ta yaba wa wannan littafin a matsayin wani taimako mai girma ga aikinta na gaba da kuma yadda take girmama jama'a. An sake buga littafin The Eternal Body ta Chronicle Books, daga baya kuma aka sake buga shi a matsayin littafin Centennial mai rahusa don murnar cika shekaru 100 da haihuwar Ruth Bernhard a watan Oktoban 2005. Carol Williams ta yaba wa Ruth Bernhard saboda ƙarfafa ta ta shiga buga littattafai, sannan daga baya ta buga wasu takardu na ɗaukar hoto. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2018 |title=Female Pioneers of Photography. I guess unseen can be applied here |url=https://www.anatomyfilms.com/female-pioneers-photography/ |access-date=March 5, 2020 |website=Anatomy Films |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2006]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1905]]</text>
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    <title>Olga Bontjes van Beek</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368376565|Olga Bontjes van Beek]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Olga Bontjes van Beek''' (née Breling; 14 ga Agusta 1896 a Fischerhude - 12 Fabrairu 995 a Fischerhude) ɗan [[Rawa|wasan]] [[Jamus|Bajamushe]] ne, mai sassaƙa, kuma [[Painting|mai zane]] .

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
An haifi Olga Bontjes van Beek a cikin iyali mai fasaha a matsayin ƙaramar 'yar mai zane Heinrich Breling . Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta ita ce Louise Breling, wadda daga baya ta zama matar Otto Modersohn ta uku. A shekarar 1914, ta fara horar da rawa a makarantar Elisabeth Duncan da ke Darmstadt . Daga baya ta yi rangadin rawa da dama a Jamus da kuma ƙasashen waje, wani lokacin kuma tare da mai buga piano Walter Gieseking . A matsayinta na ɗalibar rawa mai ra'ayin bayyana ra'ayi a ƙarƙashin Sent M'Ahesa, ta yi rangadin yawon buɗe ido a shekarun 1919 da 1920 tare da abokin rawanta Jan Bontjes van Beek, wanda ta aura a shekarar 1920. Tare suka haifi 'ya'ya uku: Cato, Mietje, da Tim.

Tun daga shekarar 1925, ta sadaukar da kanta ga zane-zane kuma ta yi karatu a ƙarƙashin mai zane Fritz Mühsam a birnin Paris. Ta kasance abokai, da sauransu, Bernhard Hoetger, wanda take yawan kwaikwayonsa, mai zane Heinrich Vogeler, da kuma masanin falsafa Theodor Lessing . A kan tafiye-tafiyenta, ta sadu da Kurt Schwitters da Joachim Ringelnatz . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Film &amp; Medienbüro Nds.: Rundbrief 44 |url=http://www.filmbuero-nds.de/Rundbrief-44/olga.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025103622/http://www.filmbuero-nds.de/Rundbrief-44/olga.html |archive-date=2007-10-25 |access-date=2026-08-08 |website=www.filmbuero-nds.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], ta yi shekaru goma sha biyu a kotu a kan jihar [[Lower Saxony]] don gyara 'yarta Cato, wacce aka kashe a shekarar 1943 a matsayin memba na Red Orchestra a Berlin-Plötzensee, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=40. Nordische Filmtage Lübeck/ Filme |url=http://www.luebeck.de/filmtage/98/filmprogramm/filme/108.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722213552/http://www.luebeck.de/filmtage/98/filmprogramm/filme/108.html |archive-date=2018-07-22 |access-date=2026-08-08 |website=www.luebeck.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta yi nasara a shari'ar.

Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zane da sassaka har zuwa mutuwarta. An nuna ayyukanta sosai. Shekaru uku bayan rasuwarta, an fitar da wani fim na shirin gaskiya na Sara Fruchtmann da Konstanze Radziwill, wanda ya haskaka rayuwar mawakiyar da kuma aikinta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Innovista |title=Medienwerkstatt Linden - Auftrags- und Koproduktionen |url=http://www.medienwerkstatt-linden.de/home/filmpro/koprod/koprod.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624081244/http://www.medienwerkstatt-linden.de/home/filmpro/koprod/koprod.htm |archive-date=2008-06-24 |access-date=2026-08-08 |website=www.medienwerkstatt-linden.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Adabi ==

* Susanne Triebel: ''Olga Bontjes van Beek – ein Porträt.'' ''Vom Tanz zur Malerei.'' A cikin: ''Weltkunst.'' 57. Jg. Lamba ta 7, 1. Afrilu 1987, S. 1026f.
* ''Olga Bontjes van Beek: Künstlerin und Künstlermodell – eine Ausstellung der Kunstsammlungen Böttcherstraße.'' Bremen 1996, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-3-9804677-1-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Olga Bontjes van Beek: Gemälde.'' Ausstellung zum 90. Geburtstag der Künstlerin in der Kunsthalle Bremen. 1986.
* Simone Ewald: ''Olga Breling.'' A cikin: ''Tagulla Bewegte.'' ''Tanzplastiken von Bernhard Hoetger.'' Paula Modersohn-Becker Museum, Bremen 2012, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-3-9810296-9-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;, S. 28-41.
* Gerd Presler: Taƙaice Olga Bontjes van Beek, A cikin: Gemälde. Ausstellung zum 90. Geburtstag der Künstlerin, Kunsthalle Bremen 1986, o.&amp;#x20;S.
* Barbara Delia Johnson: ''Bontjes van Beek, Olga.'' A cikin: Heike Schlichting (Hrsg.): ''Lebensläufe zwischen Elbe und Weser.'' ''Tarihin Rayuwar Lexikon.'' Bd. 3. Stade 2018, S. 41–45.
* Ingrid von der Dollen: ''Malerinnen der Sammlung Joseph Hierling.'' ''Bildkunst der &quot;verschollenen Generation&quot;'', Bugun Joseph Hierling, Tutzing 2018.
* Werner Irro: ''Kunstort, Gesprächsort, Erinnerungsort.'' ''Der Kontakt zu Olga Bontjes van Beek da Kirista Modersohn.'' a cikin: Helmut und Loki Schmidt-Stiftung (Hrsg.): ''Kanzlers Kunst: Die mai zaman kansa Sammlung von Helmut und Loki Schmidt.'' Hamburg 2020, S. 84–95.
* Reiner Lehberger: ''Fischerhude da Olga Bontjes van Beek: Kunst, Musik da Siyasa.'' A cikin: Reiner Lehberger: ''Helmut Schmidt am Klavier.'' ''Ein Leben mit Music.'' Hamburg 2021, S. 59–86.
* ''Olga Bontjes van Beek - das malerische Werk.'' Ausstellung im Kunstverein Fischerhude a cikin Buthmanns Hof, 12. Janairu 1. Yuni 2025
* Iris Radisch: ''Die Malerin Olga Bontjes van Beek, deren Bilder Helmut Schmidt als seelische Heimat bezeichnete'', DIE ZEIT, 15/2025 vom 9. Afrilu 2025.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mai zane-zanen Jamus]]
[[Rukuni:Matattun 1995]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1896]]</text>
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'''Olga Bontjes van Beek''' (née Breling; 14 ga Agusta 1896 a Fischerhude - 12 Fabrairu 995 a Fischerhude) ɗan [[Rawa|wasan]] [[Jamus|Bajamushe]] ne, mai sassaƙa, kuma [[Painting|mai zane]] .

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
An haifi Olga Bontjes van Beek a cikin iyali mai fasaha a matsayin ƙaramar 'yar mai zane Heinrich Breling . Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta ita ce Louise Breling, wadda daga baya ta zama matar Otto Modersohn ta uku. A shekarar 1914, ta fara horar da rawa a makarantar Elisabeth Duncan da ke Darmstadt . Daga baya ta yi rangadin rawa da dama a Jamus da kuma ƙasashen waje, wani lokacin kuma tare da mai buga piano Walter Gieseking . A matsayinta na ɗalibar rawa mai ra'ayin bayyana ra'ayi a ƙarƙashin Sent M'Ahesa, ta yi rangadin yawon buɗe ido a shekarun 1919 da 1920 tare da abokin rawanta Jan Bontjes van Beek, wanda ta aura a shekarar 1920. Tare suka haifi 'ya'ya uku: Cato, Mietje, da Tim.

Tun daga shekarar 1925, ta sadaukar da kanta ga zane-zane kuma ta yi karatu a ƙarƙashin mai zane Fritz Mühsam a birnin Paris. Ta kasance abokai, da sauransu, Bernhard Hoetger, wanda take yawan kwaikwayonsa, mai zane Heinrich Vogeler, da kuma masanin falsafa Theodor Lessing . A kan tafiye-tafiyenta, ta sadu da Kurt Schwitters da Joachim Ringelnatz . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Film &amp; Medienbüro Nds.: Rundbrief 44 |url=http://www.filmbuero-nds.de/Rundbrief-44/olga.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025103622/http://www.filmbuero-nds.de/Rundbrief-44/olga.html |archive-date=2007-10-25 |access-date=2026-08-08 |website=www.filmbuero-nds.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], ta yi shekaru goma sha biyu a kotu a kan jihar [[Lower Saxony]] don gyara 'yarta Cato, wacce aka kashe a shekarar 1943 a matsayin memba na Red Orchestra a Berlin-Plötzensee, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=40. Nordische Filmtage Lübeck/ Filme |url=http://www.luebeck.de/filmtage/98/filmprogramm/filme/108.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722213552/http://www.luebeck.de/filmtage/98/filmprogramm/filme/108.html |archive-date=2018-07-22 |access-date=2026-08-08 |website=www.luebeck.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta yi nasara a shari'ar.

Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zane da sassaka har zuwa mutuwarta. An nuna ayyukanta sosai. Shekaru uku bayan rasuwarta, an fitar da wani fim na shirin gaskiya na Sara Fruchtmann da Konstanze Radziwill, wanda ya haskaka rayuwar mawakiyar da kuma aikinta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Innovista |title=Medienwerkstatt Linden - Auftrags- und Koproduktionen |url=http://www.medienwerkstatt-linden.de/home/filmpro/koprod/koprod.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624081244/http://www.medienwerkstatt-linden.de/home/filmpro/koprod/koprod.htm |archive-date=2008-06-24 |access-date=2026-08-08 |website=www.medienwerkstatt-linden.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Adabi ==

* Susanne Triebel: ''Olga Bontjes van Beek – ein Porträt.'' ''Vom Tanz zur Malerei.'' A cikin: ''Weltkunst.'' 57. Jg. Lamba ta 7, 1. Afrilu 1987, S. 1026f.
* ''Olga Bontjes van Beek: Künstlerin und Künstlermodell – eine Ausstellung der Kunstsammlungen Böttcherstraße.'' Bremen 1996, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-3-9804677-1-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Olga Bontjes van Beek: Gemälde.'' Ausstellung zum 90. Geburtstag der Künstlerin in der Kunsthalle Bremen. 1986.
* Simone Ewald: ''Olga Breling.'' A cikin: ''Tagulla Bewegte.'' ''Tanzplastiken von Bernhard Hoetger.'' Paula Modersohn-Becker Museum, Bremen 2012, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-3-9810296-9-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;, S. 28-41.
* Gerd Presler: Taƙaice Olga Bontjes van Beek, A cikin: Gemälde. Ausstellung zum 90. Geburtstag der Künstlerin, Kunsthalle Bremen 1986, o.&amp;#x20;S.
* Barbara Delia Johnson: ''Bontjes van Beek, Olga.'' A cikin: Heike Schlichting (Hrsg.): ''Lebensläufe zwischen Elbe und Weser.'' ''Tarihin Rayuwar Lexikon.'' Bd. 3. Stade 2018, S. 41–45.
* Ingrid von der Dollen: ''Malerinnen der Sammlung Joseph Hierling.'' ''Bildkunst der &quot;verschollenen Generation&quot;'', Bugun Joseph Hierling, Tutzing 2018.
* Werner Irro: ''Kunstort, Gesprächsort, Erinnerungsort.'' ''Der Kontakt zu Olga Bontjes van Beek da Kirista Modersohn.'' a cikin: Helmut und Loki Schmidt-Stiftung (Hrsg.): ''Kanzlers Kunst: Die mai zaman kansa Sammlung von Helmut und Loki Schmidt.'' Hamburg 2020, S. 84–95.
* Reiner Lehberger: ''Fischerhude da Olga Bontjes van Beek: Kunst, Musik da Siyasa.'' A cikin: Reiner Lehberger: ''Helmut Schmidt am Klavier.'' ''Ein Leben mit Music.'' Hamburg 2021, S. 59–86.
* ''Olga Bontjes van Beek - das malerische Werk.'' Ausstellung im Kunstverein Fischerhude a cikin Buthmanns Hof, 12. Janairu 1. Yuni 2025
* Iris Radisch: ''Die Malerin Olga Bontjes van Beek, deren Bilder Helmut Schmidt als seelische Heimat bezeichnete'', DIE ZEIT, 15/2025 vom 9. Afrilu 2025.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mai zane-zanen Jamus]]
[[Rukuni:Matattun 1995]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1896]]</text>
      <sha1>5ya0e36l9znt3u1w3k7fkl4hkijlh4o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893565</id>
      <parentid>893559</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:44:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nnamadee</username>
        <id>31123</id>
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'''Olga Bontjes van Beek''' (née Breling; 14 ga Agusta 1896 a Fischerhude - 12 Fabrairu 995 a Fischerhude) 'yar [[Rawa|wasan]] [[Jamus|Bajamushe]] ce, mai sassaƙa, kuma [[Painting|mai zane]].

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
An haifi Olga Bontjes van Beek a cikin iyali mai fasaha a matsayin ƙaramar 'yar mai zane Heinrich Breling . Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta ita ce Louise Breling, wadda daga baya ta zama matar Otto Modersohn ta uku. A shekarar 1914, ta fara horar da rawa a makarantar Elisabeth Duncan da ke Darmstadt . Daga baya ta yi rangadin rawa da dama a Jamus da kuma ƙasashen waje, wani lokacin kuma tare da mai buga piano Walter Gieseking . A matsayinta na ɗalibar rawa mai ra'ayin bayyana ra'ayi a ƙarƙashin Sent M'Ahesa, ta yi rangadin yawon buɗe ido a shekarun 1919 da 1920 tare da abokin rawanta Jan Bontjes van Beek, wanda ta aura a shekarar 1920. Tare suka haifi 'ya'ya uku: Cato, Mietje, da Tim.

Tun daga shekarar 1925, ta sadaukar da kanta ga zane-zane kuma ta yi karatu a ƙarƙashin mai zane Fritz Mühsam a birnin Paris. Ta kasance abokai, da sauransu, Bernhard Hoetger, wanda take yawan kwaikwayonsa, mai zane Heinrich Vogeler, da kuma masanin falsafa Theodor Lessing . A kan tafiye-tafiyenta, ta sadu da Kurt Schwitters da Joachim Ringelnatz . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Film &amp; Medienbüro Nds.: Rundbrief 44 |url=http://www.filmbuero-nds.de/Rundbrief-44/olga.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025103622/http://www.filmbuero-nds.de/Rundbrief-44/olga.html |archive-date=2007-10-25 |access-date=2026-08-08 |website=www.filmbuero-nds.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], ta yi shekaru goma sha biyu a kotu a kan jihar [[Lower Saxony]] don gyara 'yarta Cato, wacce aka kashe a shekarar 1943 a matsayin memba na Red Orchestra a Berlin-Plötzensee, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=40. Nordische Filmtage Lübeck/ Filme |url=http://www.luebeck.de/filmtage/98/filmprogramm/filme/108.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722213552/http://www.luebeck.de/filmtage/98/filmprogramm/filme/108.html |archive-date=2018-07-22 |access-date=2026-08-08 |website=www.luebeck.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta yi nasara a shari'ar.

Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zane da sassaka har zuwa mutuwarta. An nuna ayyukanta sosai. Shekaru uku bayan rasuwarta, an fitar da wani fim na shirin gaskiya na Sara Fruchtmann da Konstanze Radziwill, wanda ya haskaka rayuwar mawakiyar da kuma aikinta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Innovista |title=Medienwerkstatt Linden - Auftrags- und Koproduktionen |url=http://www.medienwerkstatt-linden.de/home/filmpro/koprod/koprod.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624081244/http://www.medienwerkstatt-linden.de/home/filmpro/koprod/koprod.htm |archive-date=2008-06-24 |access-date=2026-08-08 |website=www.medienwerkstatt-linden.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Adabi ==

* Susanne Triebel: ''Olga Bontjes van Beek – ein Porträt.'' ''Vom Tanz zur Malerei.'' A cikin: ''Weltkunst.'' 57. Jg. Lamba ta 7, 1. Afrilu 1987, S. 1026f.
* ''Olga Bontjes van Beek: Künstlerin und Künstlermodell – eine Ausstellung der Kunstsammlungen Böttcherstraße.'' Bremen 1996, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-3-9804677-1-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* ''Olga Bontjes van Beek: Gemälde.'' Ausstellung zum 90. Geburtstag der Künstlerin in der Kunsthalle Bremen. 1986.
* Simone Ewald: ''Olga Breling.'' A cikin: ''Tagulla Bewegte.'' ''Tanzplastiken von Bernhard Hoetger.'' Paula Modersohn-Becker Museum, Bremen 2012, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-3-9810296-9-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;, S. 28-41.
* Gerd Presler: Taƙaice Olga Bontjes van Beek, A cikin: Gemälde. Ausstellung zum 90. Geburtstag der Künstlerin, Kunsthalle Bremen 1986, o.&amp;#x20;S.
* Barbara Delia Johnson: ''Bontjes van Beek, Olga.'' A cikin: Heike Schlichting (Hrsg.): ''Lebensläufe zwischen Elbe und Weser.'' ''Tarihin Rayuwar Lexikon.'' Bd. 3. Stade 2018, S. 41–45.
* Ingrid von der Dollen: ''Malerinnen der Sammlung Joseph Hierling.'' ''Bildkunst der &quot;verschollenen Generation&quot;'', Bugun Joseph Hierling, Tutzing 2018.
* Werner Irro: ''Kunstort, Gesprächsort, Erinnerungsort.'' ''Der Kontakt zu Olga Bontjes van Beek da Kirista Modersohn.'' a cikin: Helmut und Loki Schmidt-Stiftung (Hrsg.): ''Kanzlers Kunst: Die mai zaman kansa Sammlung von Helmut und Loki Schmidt.'' Hamburg 2020, S. 84–95.
* Reiner Lehberger: ''Fischerhude da Olga Bontjes van Beek: Kunst, Musik da Siyasa.'' A cikin: Reiner Lehberger: ''Helmut Schmidt am Klavier.'' ''Ein Leben mit Music.'' Hamburg 2021, S. 59–86.
* ''Olga Bontjes van Beek - das malerische Werk.'' Ausstellung im Kunstverein Fischerhude a cikin Buthmanns Hof, 12. Janairu 1. Yuni 2025
* Iris Radisch: ''Die Malerin Olga Bontjes van Beek, deren Bilder Helmut Schmidt als seelische Heimat bezeichnete'', DIE ZEIT, 15/2025 vom 9. Afrilu 2025.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mai zane-zanen Jamus]]
[[Rukuni:Matattun 1995]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1896]]</text>
      <sha1>ev6ue172idq6nr082h8c5cl8syykbgj</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Myra Brodsky</title>
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        <username>Nnamadee</username>
        <id>31123</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1310947671|Myra Brodsky]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Myra Brodsky''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Myra Brodsky Tattoo &amp; Illustration |url=http://www.myrabrodsky.com |access-date=2016-01-05 |website=www.myrabrodsky.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; (an haife ta a shekara ta 1987) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce kuma mai zane a Jamus wadda ta ƙware a zane-zane masu launuka iri-iri waɗanda [[zamanin Victorian]], Rococo da Art Nouveau suka yi tasiri a kansu. Tana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar zane-zane ta zamani, wadda ta haɗa zane-zanen jarfa na gargajiya da jigogi da dabarun zamani.

== Tarihi ==
Brodsky ta fara yin zane a shekarar 2008 tana da shekaru 19, da farko tana yin atisaye a kanta, abokai, da iyalai yayin da take nazarin sadarwa ta gani. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-09-27 |title=„Meine ersten Tattoos waren richtig scheiße“ |url=https://www.qiez.de/tattoo-berlin-taetowieren-kreuzberg/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=QIEZ |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

A shekarar 2012, ta buɗe ɗakin zane nata, The Decay Parlour, a gundumar Prenzlauer Berg da ke [[Berlin]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abgestochen in Berlin {{!}} VICE |url=https://www.vice.com/de/article/stuff-abgestochen-in-berlin-myra-brodsky/ |access-date=2016-01-05 |website=VICE |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rufe sitidiyon a shekarar 2014, bayan haka ta shiga ''Black Mirror Parlour'' da ke Kreuzberg, inda ta yi aiki har zuwa shekarar 2017. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-11-08 |title=Tattoo Artist Myra Brodsky’s Premiere Art Exhibition @ LARRY Gallery – BERLIN LOVES YOU |url=https://berlinlovesyou.com/tattoo-artist-myra-brodskys-premiere-art-exhibition-larry-gallery/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2015, ta gudanar da baje kolin fasaha na farko a ''gidan adana kayan tarihi na LARRY'' da ke Berlin. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-11-08 |title=Tattoo Artist Myra Brodsky’s Premiere Art Exhibition @ LARRY Gallery – BERLIN LOVES YOU |url=https://berlinlovesyou.com/tattoo-artist-myra-brodskys-premiere-art-exhibition-larry-gallery/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://berlinlovesyou.com/tattoo-artist-myra-brodskys-premiere-art-exhibition-larry-gallery/ &quot;Tattoo Artist Myra Brodsky's Premiere Art Exhibition @ LARRY Gallery – BERLIN LOVES YOU&quot;]. 2019-11-08&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-07-01&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An nuna aikinta a VICE Jamus, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abgestochen in Berlin {{!}} VICE |url=https://www.vice.com/de/article/stuff-abgestochen-in-berlin-myra-brodsky/ |access-date=2016-01-05 |website=VICE |language=de}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.vice.com/de/article/stuff-abgestochen-in-berlin-myra-brodsky/ &quot;Abgestochen in Berlin | VICE&quot;]. ''VICE'' (in German)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2016-01-05&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Deutsche Welle, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tattoos als Körperkunst |url=http://www.dw.com/de/tattoos-als-k%C3%B6rperkunst/av-16512700 |access-date=2016-01-05 |website=Deutsche Welle |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Der Tagesspiegel &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Video: Berliner Juden erzählen ihre Lieblingswitze - Stadtleben - Berlin - Tagesspiegel |url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/stadtleben/video-berliner-juden-erzaehlen-ihre-lieblingswitze/8352094.html |access-date=2016-01-05 |website=www.tagesspiegel.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; da mujallun tattoo kamar Inkedmag, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Myra Brodsky - Inked Magazine |url=http://www.inkedmag.com/artists/myra-brodsky/ |access-date=2016-01-05 |website=Inked Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Total Tattoo magazine|Total Tattoo]] da [[:de:TätowierMagazin|TätowierMagazin]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ROCK'N'ROAD - Tattoo /// undquot;Scratch Girlsundquot; Berliner Taetowiererinnen |url=http://www.rockandroad.de/tattoo/news/undquot%253bscratch+girlsundquot%253b+berliner+taetowiererinnen+auf+sendung_138.html |access-date=2016-01-05 |website=www.rockandroad.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Brodsky wani ɓangare ne na sabuwar ƙungiyar zane-zane ta gargajiya wadda ke haɗa hotunan gargajiya da ra'ayoyin zamani.

A shekarar 2021, Forbes ta yi mata hira, inda ta bayyana cewa wahayinta ya fito ne daga tsoffin littattafai, Film Noir, da Orson Welles . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sayej |first=Nadja |title=Tattoo Artist Myra Brodsky On Craftsmanship, Magic And Film Noir |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/nadjasayej/2021/05/01/tattoo-artist-myra-brodsky-on-craftsmanship-magic-and-film-noir/ |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ta bayyana a shekarar 2022 cewa tana zaune a Munich. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893575</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:47:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nnamadee</username>
        <id>31123</id>
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'''Myra Brodsky''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Myra Brodsky Tattoo &amp; Illustration |url=http://www.myrabrodsky.com |access-date=2016-01-05 |website=www.myrabrodsky.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; (an haife ta a shekara ta 1987) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce kuma mai zane a Jamus wadda ta ƙware a zane-zane masu launuka iri-iri waɗanda [[zamanin Victorian]], Rococo da Art Nouveau suka yi tasiri a kansu. Tana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar zane-zane ta zamani, wadda ta haɗa zane-zanen jarfa na gargajiya da jigogi da dabarun zamani.

== Tarihi ==
Brodsky ta fara yin zane a shekarar 2008 tana da shekaru 19, da farko tana yin atisaye a kanta, abokai, da iyalai yayin da take nazarin sadarwa ta gani. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-09-27 |title=„Meine ersten Tattoos waren richtig scheiße“ |url=https://www.qiez.de/tattoo-berlin-taetowieren-kreuzberg/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=QIEZ |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

A shekarar 2012, ta buɗe ɗakin zane nata, The Decay Parlour, a gundumar Prenzlauer Berg da ke [[Berlin]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abgestochen in Berlin {{!}} VICE |url=https://www.vice.com/de/article/stuff-abgestochen-in-berlin-myra-brodsky/ |access-date=2016-01-05 |website=VICE |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rufe sitidiyon a shekarar 2014, bayan haka ta shiga ''Black Mirror Parlour'' da ke Kreuzberg, inda ta yi aiki har zuwa shekarar 2017. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-11-08 |title=Tattoo Artist Myra Brodsky’s Premiere Art Exhibition @ LARRY Gallery – BERLIN LOVES YOU |url=https://berlinlovesyou.com/tattoo-artist-myra-brodskys-premiere-art-exhibition-larry-gallery/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2015, ta gudanar da baje kolin fasaha na farko a ''gidan adana kayan tarihi na LARRY'' da ke Berlin. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-11-08 |title=Tattoo Artist Myra Brodsky’s Premiere Art Exhibition @ LARRY Gallery – BERLIN LOVES YOU |url=https://berlinlovesyou.com/tattoo-artist-myra-brodskys-premiere-art-exhibition-larry-gallery/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://berlinlovesyou.com/tattoo-artist-myra-brodskys-premiere-art-exhibition-larry-gallery/ &quot;Tattoo Artist Myra Brodsky's Premiere Art Exhibition @ LARRY Gallery – BERLIN LOVES YOU&quot;]. 2019-11-08&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-07-01&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An nuna aikinta a VICE Jamus, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abgestochen in Berlin {{!}} VICE |url=https://www.vice.com/de/article/stuff-abgestochen-in-berlin-myra-brodsky/ |access-date=2016-01-05 |website=VICE |language=de}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.vice.com/de/article/stuff-abgestochen-in-berlin-myra-brodsky/ &quot;Abgestochen in Berlin | VICE&quot;]. ''VICE'' (in German)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2016-01-05&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Deutsche Welle, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tattoos als Körperkunst |url=http://www.dw.com/de/tattoos-als-k%C3%B6rperkunst/av-16512700 |access-date=2016-01-05 |website=Deutsche Welle |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Der Tagesspiegel &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Video: Berliner Juden erzählen ihre Lieblingswitze - Stadtleben - Berlin - Tagesspiegel |url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/stadtleben/video-berliner-juden-erzaehlen-ihre-lieblingswitze/8352094.html |access-date=2016-01-05 |website=www.tagesspiegel.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; da mujallun tattoo kamar Inkedmag, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Myra Brodsky - Inked Magazine |url=http://www.inkedmag.com/artists/myra-brodsky/ |access-date=2016-01-05 |website=Inked Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Total Tattoo magazine|Total Tattoo]] da [[:de:TätowierMagazin|TätowierMagazin]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ROCK'N'ROAD - Tattoo /// undquot;Scratch Girlsundquot; Berliner Taetowiererinnen |url=http://www.rockandroad.de/tattoo/news/undquot%253bscratch+girlsundquot%253b+berliner+taetowiererinnen+auf+sendung_138.html |access-date=2016-01-05 |website=www.rockandroad.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Brodsky wani ɓangare ne na sabuwar ƙungiyar zane-zane ta gargajiya wadda ke haɗa hotunan gargajiya da ra'ayoyin zamani.

A shekarar 2021, Forbes ta yi mata hira, inda ta bayyana cewa wahayinta ya fito ne daga tsoffin littattafai, Film Noir, da Orson Welles . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sayej |first=Nadja |title=Tattoo Artist Myra Brodsky On Craftsmanship, Magic And Film Noir |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/nadjasayej/2021/05/01/tattoo-artist-myra-brodsky-on-craftsmanship-magic-and-film-noir/ |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ta bayyana a shekarar 2022 cewa tana zaune a Munich. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lena Braun</title>
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        <id>31123</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365417616|Lena Braun]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Lena Braun''' (an haife ta a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1961, a [[Wuppertal]], Jamus) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce, mai kula da kuma marubuciya da ke zaune a Berlin. Tana aiki a matsayin mai fasaha iri-iri a fannoni daban-daban na wasan kwaikwayo da [[Zane-zane na gani|zane-zane]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 May 2012 |title=Lena Braun |url=https://archive.transmediale.de/de/content/lena-braun |access-date=1 May 2021 |website=transmediale festival for art and digital culture in Berlin |publisher= |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt; sau da yawa tana magance matsalar mace da kuma nuna jinsi. Wuraren fasaha da ta tsara tun 1988 sun sa ta shahara a matsayin &quot;Grand Dame&quot; na Berlin. 

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
Braun ya girma a yammacin Jamus kuma ya zo Berlin a shekarar 1981 don yin karatu a Jami'ar FU Free . A shekarar 1987, ta rubuta takardar digirin digiri na biyu kan littafin &quot;The Tigress: A Strange Love Story&quot; na Walter Serner . A shekarar 1988, ta buɗe na farko daga cikin wuraren zane-zanenta - har zuwa yau - guda 9 a Berlin. Mujallar fasaha ta Kunstforum International ta kira ta &quot;wurin taro ga matasa, wurin fasaha na gwaji&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Funken |first=Peter |date=1989 |title=Florian Truembach |url=https://www.kunstforum.de/artikel/florian-trumbach/ |journal=Kunstforum International |language=de |volume=100 |issue= |pages=426f |access-date=1 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma Braun ba da daɗewa ba ta yi suna a matsayin &quot;ainihin diva na al'adun Berlin&quot;.  Ɗaya daga cikin wuraren zane-zanenta, Boudoir a Berlin-Mitte (1991 - 1995), Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani (MoMA) da ke New York ya karrama ta da baje kolin &quot;Boudoir a cikin Fitowa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1994 |title=Boudoir in Exile. Museum of Modern Art, New York. Apr 28 – May 14, 1994 |url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/4585 |access-date=1 May 2021 |website=moma.org |publisher= |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma yanzu ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin &quot;First Queer Art Salon&quot; a Berlin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Defcon |first=Robert |date=2014-07-30 |title=To debate and plan revolutions: Berlin's First Queer Art Salon |url=https://www.electronicbeats.net/to-debate-and-plan-revolutions-lena-braun-on-boudoir/ |access-date=2021-04-27 |website=electronic beats |quote=Boudoir was Berlin's first lounge, an exhibition site and a stage for performance art.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1993, ta kafa Queen Barbie Lodge, wadda aka ayyana a matsayin &quot;ƙungiyar mata masu fasaha ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa&quot;. Gidan, wanda Braun ya jagoranta har zuwa 2009, shine mataimakin mace ga wata ƙungiya ta maza da aka sani da [[Lord Jim Lodge]], wacce masu fasaha kamar Martin Kippenberger da Albert Oehlen (da sauransu) ke gudanarwa. Sarauniyar Barbie Lodge tana shirya nune-nune da wasanni akai-akai waɗanda ke burge [[Wariyar Jinsi|mata]] da kuma ƙarfafa mata gwiwa. Mujallar birnin Berlin Tip ta rubuta: &quot;Lena Braun wacce aka fi sani da Sarauniya Barbie ba wai kawai mai kula da harkokin zane ba ce, har ma mai zane-zane kuma mafi mahimmanci mai wasan kwaikwayo mai ban tsoro. A matsayinta na mai kula da harkokin zane-zane, ... galibi tana tallata da kuma nuna mata masu fasaha, ba tare da yin tsauraran ra'ayi game da hakan ba.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Doerre |first=Stefanie |date=7 March 2011 |title=Arbeiten von Jinran Kim im Su de Coucou |trans-title=Jinran Kim exhibiting at Su de Coucou |url=https://www.tip-berlin.de/kultur/ausstellungen/arbeiten-von-jinran-kim-im-su-de-coucou/ |url-status=dead |journal=Tip. Berlin City Magazine |language=de |location=Berlin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304092629/https://www.tip-berlin.de/kultur/ausstellungen/arbeiten-von-jinran-kim-im-su-de-coucou/ |archive-date=4 March 2021 |access-date=1 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:Queen-barbie-loge-zentralorgan-tattoo.jpg|alt=Viennese magazine ST/A/R about a life tattoo session with Lena Braun aka Queen Barbie| Mujallar Vienna ST/A/R game da zaman zane-zane na rayuwa tare da Lena Braun wacce aka fi sani da Sarauniya Barbie
Fayil:Queen-barbie-loge-zentralorgan-18-01.jpg|alt=Periodical of the Queen Barbie Lodge. Braun published 36 issues between 1993 and 2008| Mujallar Sarauniya Barbie Lodge da ake bugawa akai-akai. Braun ya buga mujallu 36 tsakanin 1993 da 2008.
&lt;/gallery&gt;Baya ga ayyukanta na kula da yara, Lena Braun kuma tana aiki a matsayin marubuciya mai zaman kanta kuma mai zane. A shekarun 1990 da 2000, ta rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo, ta yi rawa a fina-finai &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lena Braun, Internet Movie Database |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0105809/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1 |access-date=2021-04-27 |website=IMDb.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; sannan ta buga wani labari na musamman ga Queen Barbie Lodge (fitowa 36, zane-zanen Xerox ). A shekarar 2013 ta kafa wani kamfanin adabi mai suna Edition Fortyfour, inda take buga littattafanta. Ayyukan fasaha na Braun sun haɗa da wasan kwaikwayo, hotunan kwaikwaiyo da kuma shigarwa . Ta yi baje kolin a Jamus da kuma a ƙasashen duniya.

== Wuraren Fasaha ==
Lena Braun ta fara da kuma tsara wuraren zane-zane a Berlin tun daga shekarar 1988. Tana ganin wurarenta a matsayin wuraren da aka gina, wato muhallin wucin gadi da ke gabatar da zane-zane (sabanin nuna shi a cikin farin kube). Don wani baje koli a kan &quot;Today's Avant-Garde &quot; a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani ta Kindle da ke Berlin (2017) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Today's Avant-Garde as Tomorrow's Salon Art? Kindl Center for Contemporary Art, Berlin. Apr 2 – Aug 6, 2017 |url=https://www.kindl-berlin.com/uad |access-date=28 April 2021 |website=www.kindl-berlin.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Braun ta ƙirƙiri wani tsari wanda ke nuna ra'ayinta: &quot;Wuraren fasaha na wurare ne masu sansani waɗanda ke tsara salon rayuwa daban-daban na 'yan luwaɗi kuma suna dakatar da alamun wariya na gargajiya kamar shekaru, asali, ko iya siyarwa.&quot; 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5846" sha1="60esvm5vpxauk8ror473fo4y9rq99cx" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Lena Braun''' (an haife ta a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1961, a [[Wuppertal]], Jamus) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce, mai kula da kuma marubuciya da ke zaune a Berlin. Tana aiki a matsayin mai fasaha iri-iri a fannoni daban-daban na wasan kwaikwayo da [[Zane-zane na gani|zane-zane]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 May 2012 |title=Lena Braun |url=https://archive.transmediale.de/de/content/lena-braun |access-date=1 May 2021 |website=transmediale festival for art and digital culture in Berlin |publisher= |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt; sau da yawa tana magance matsalar mace da kuma nuna jinsi. Wuraren fasaha da ta tsara tun 1988 sun sa ta shahara a matsayin &quot;Grand Dame&quot; na Berlin. 

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
Braun ya girma a yammacin Jamus kuma ya zo Berlin a shekarar 1981 don yin karatu a Jami'ar FU Free . A shekarar 1987, ta rubuta takardar digirin digiri na biyu kan littafin &quot;The Tigress: A Strange Love Story&quot; na Walter Serner . A shekarar 1988, ta buɗe na farko daga cikin wuraren zane-zanenta - har zuwa yau - guda 9 a Berlin. Mujallar fasaha ta Kunstforum International ta kira ta &quot;wurin taro ga matasa, wurin fasaha na gwaji&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Funken |first=Peter |date=1989 |title=Florian Truembach |url=https://www.kunstforum.de/artikel/florian-trumbach/ |journal=Kunstforum International |language=de |volume=100 |issue= |pages=426f |access-date=1 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma Braun ba da daɗewa ba ta yi suna a matsayin &quot;ainihin diva na al'adun Berlin&quot;.  Ɗaya daga cikin wuraren zane-zanenta, Boudoir a Berlin-Mitte (1991 - 1995), Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani (MoMA) da ke New York ya karrama ta da baje kolin &quot;Boudoir a cikin Fitowa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1994 |title=Boudoir in Exile. Museum of Modern Art, New York. Apr 28 – May 14, 1994 |url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/4585 |access-date=1 May 2021 |website=moma.org |publisher= |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma yanzu ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin &quot;First Queer Art Salon&quot; a Berlin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Defcon |first=Robert |date=2014-07-30 |title=To debate and plan revolutions: Berlin's First Queer Art Salon |url=https://www.electronicbeats.net/to-debate-and-plan-revolutions-lena-braun-on-boudoir/ |access-date=2021-04-27 |website=electronic beats |quote=Boudoir was Berlin's first lounge, an exhibition site and a stage for performance art.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1993, ta kafa Queen Barbie Lodge, wadda aka ayyana a matsayin &quot;ƙungiyar mata masu fasaha ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa&quot;. Gidan, wanda Braun ya jagoranta har zuwa 2009, shine mataimakin mace ga wata ƙungiya ta maza da aka sani da [[Lord Jim Lodge]], wacce masu fasaha kamar Martin Kippenberger da Albert Oehlen (da sauransu) ke gudanarwa. Sarauniyar Barbie Lodge tana shirya nune-nune da wasanni akai-akai waɗanda ke burge [[Wariyar Jinsi|mata]] da kuma ƙarfafa mata gwiwa. Mujallar birnin Berlin Tip ta rubuta: &quot;Lena Braun wacce aka fi sani da Sarauniya Barbie ba wai kawai mai kula da harkokin zane ba ce, har ma mai zane-zane kuma mafi mahimmanci mai wasan kwaikwayo mai ban tsoro. A matsayinta na mai kula da harkokin zane-zane, ... galibi tana tallata da kuma nuna mata masu fasaha, ba tare da yin tsauraran ra'ayi game da hakan ba.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Doerre |first=Stefanie |date=7 March 2011 |title=Arbeiten von Jinran Kim im Su de Coucou |trans-title=Jinran Kim exhibiting at Su de Coucou |url=https://www.tip-berlin.de/kultur/ausstellungen/arbeiten-von-jinran-kim-im-su-de-coucou/ |url-status=dead |journal=Tip. Berlin City Magazine |language=de |location=Berlin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304092629/https://www.tip-berlin.de/kultur/ausstellungen/arbeiten-von-jinran-kim-im-su-de-coucou/ |archive-date=4 March 2021 |access-date=1 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:Queen-barbie-loge-zentralorgan-tattoo.jpg|alt=Viennese magazine ST/A/R about a life tattoo session with Lena Braun aka Queen Barbie| Mujallar Vienna ST/A/R game da zaman zane-zane na rayuwa tare da Lena Braun wacce aka fi sani da Sarauniya Barbie
Fayil:Queen-barbie-loge-zentralorgan-18-01.jpg|alt=Periodical of the Queen Barbie Lodge. Braun published 36 issues between 1993 and 2008| Mujallar Sarauniya Barbie Lodge da ake bugawa akai-akai. Braun ya buga mujallu 36 tsakanin 1993 da 2008.
&lt;/gallery&gt;Baya ga ayyukanta na kula da yara, Lena Braun kuma tana aiki a matsayin marubuciya mai zaman kanta kuma mai zane. A shekarun 1990 da 2000, ta rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo, ta yi rawa a fina-finai &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lena Braun, Internet Movie Database |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0105809/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1 |access-date=2021-04-27 |website=IMDb.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; sannan ta buga wani labari na musamman ga Queen Barbie Lodge (fitowa 36, zane-zanen Xerox ). A shekarar 2013 ta kafa wani kamfanin adabi mai suna Edition Fortyfour, inda take buga littattafanta. Ayyukan fasaha na Braun sun haɗa da wasan kwaikwayo, hotunan kwaikwaiyo da kuma shigarwa . Ta yi baje kolin a Jamus da kuma a ƙasashen duniya.

== Wuraren Fasaha ==
Lena Braun ta fara da kuma tsara wuraren zane-zane a Berlin tun daga shekarar 1988. Tana ganin wurarenta a matsayin wuraren da aka gina, wato muhallin wucin gadi da ke gabatar da zane-zane (sabanin nuna shi a cikin farin kube). Don wani baje koli a kan &quot;Today's Avant-Garde &quot; a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani ta Kindle da ke Berlin (2017) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Today's Avant-Garde as Tomorrow's Salon Art? Kindl Center for Contemporary Art, Berlin. Apr 2 – Aug 6, 2017 |url=https://www.kindl-berlin.com/uad |access-date=28 April 2021 |website=www.kindl-berlin.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Braun ta ƙirƙiri wani tsari wanda ke nuna ra'ayinta: &quot;Wuraren fasaha na wurare ne masu sansani waɗanda ke tsara salon rayuwa daban-daban na 'yan luwaɗi kuma suna dakatar da alamun wariya na gargajiya kamar shekaru, asali, ko iya siyarwa.&quot; 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Marie von Brühl</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367995597|Marie von Brühl]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Marie Sophie von Clausewitz''' {{Efn|{{German title von}}}} (an haife shi '''Maria Sophia Gräfin {{Efn|{{German title|Gräfin}}}} von Brühl''' ; 3 Yuni 1779 &amp;#x2013; 28 Janairu 1836) memba ne na babban dangin Brühl na Jamus wanda ya samo asali a Thuringia . Baya ga aikinta na mai kula da fasaha a Berlin, an san ta da gyara da wallafa ayyukan mijinta Carl von Clausewitz, musamman littafinsa na soja mai taken ''&quot;On War&quot;'' .

== Rayuwar farko da aiki ==
An haifi Brühl a [[Wosaa|Warsaw]], 'yar Count {{Interlanguage link|Carl Adolph von Brühl|de}} (1742–1802) ta hanyar aurensa da Sophie Gomm (1761–1837). Kakaninta na uba ɗan siyasa ne ɗan ƙasar Poland-Saxon Heinrich von Brühl, yayin da mahaifiyarta goggon mashawarcin filin wasa na Burtaniya William Maynard Gomm ce .  Iyayenta sun sanya mata suna Maria Sophia, amma danginta suna kiranta da Marie. &lt;ref name=&quot;Bellinger&quot; /&gt; Ita ce babbar 'ya'ya, amma da yawa daga cikin 'yan uwanta sun mutu tun suna jarirai. Saboda haka, Marie ta kare 'yar uwarta Fanny, wacce ta tsira daga annobar [[Agana|cutar kyanda]] .  Lokacin da Fanny ta mutu a watan Maris na 1804 saboda matsaloli yayin haihuwa, an bar Marie ta kula da 'yar marayu. Brühl ta kuma yi wa ƙanenta Fitz kallon ɗa fiye da ɗanta. 

Ilminta ta fara ne a gida a ƙarƙashin jagorancin mahaifinta. Ya koya wa Marie yadda ake rubutu da karatu a [[Faransanci]], da kuma yadda ake rubuta wasiƙu ta hanyar da ta dace da &quot;mace mai babban al'umma.&quot;  Mahaifiyarta ta koya mata Turanci, wanda Marie ta yi magana da kyau kuma daga baya ta koya wa 'ya'yan abokanta. Marie da Fanny sun kuma ɗauki darussa a fannin zane, kiɗa, da tarihi. Manufar mahaifiyarsu ce ta ƙirƙiri &quot;abin mamaki na gaske&quot; daga cikin 'ya'yanta mata. 

Ta kasance ƙwararren mai zane kuma mai kula da fasaha. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bellinger |first=Vanya Eftimova |date=January 6, 2016 |title=Five Things You Didn't Know About Carl von Clausewitz |url=http://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2016/01/06/five_things_you_didnt_know_about_carl_von_clausewitz_108863.html |journal=Real Clear Defense |access-date=7 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kasance abokiyar abokiyar marubuci Bettina von Arnim da mijinta Ludwig Achim von Arnim,  da na {{Interlanguage link|Sophie von Schwerin|de}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;

A lokacin da take da shekaru 18, Brühl ta zama mace mai jiran gadon sarauniya Frederika Louisa ta Hesse-Darmstadt .  An dakatar da wannan matsayi a watan Fabrairun 1805 sakamakon mutuwar sarauniya mai jiran gado.  Daga baya, ta zama babbar matar da ke jiran Gimbiya Charlotte, wacce take da shekaru goma sha ɗaya kacal a lokacin.  Bayan mutuwar mijinta, Brühl ta ɗauki matsayin babbar mai jiran Gimbiya Augusta a Berlin.  Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukanta shine kula da kuma ilmantar da Yarima Frederick, wanda daga baya aka san shi da Sarki Frederick na Uku . 

A shekara ta 1813, a lokacin da ake gab da ƙarshen Yaƙin Napoleon, Brühl ma'aikaciyar jinya ce mai sa kai a wani asibitin sojoji. 

== Shekaru tare da Carl von Clausewitz ==
[[Fayil:Clausewitz.jpg|left|thumb| Zanen Carl von Clausewitz]]
Brühl ta haɗu da Carl von Clausewitz a watan Disamba na 1803 ta hanyar abokansu na juna, Gimbiya Louise da mijinta Yarima Antoni Radziwił .  Taronsu ya zo ne kasa da shekara guda bayan mutuwar ba zato ba tsammani ta mahaifin Brühl sakamakon matsalolin da suka shafi cutar hanta a watan Yulin 1802. 

Su biyun sun daɗe suna soyayya saboda dalilai daban-daban; ɗaya daga cikinsu ita ce rashin amincewar mahaifiyarta da dangantakar da ke tsakaninta da wani mutum wanda ba shi da matsayi a cikin al'umma. Clausewitz ba shi da gado kuma zai dogara ne kawai da albashin mataimakinsa, wanda bai isa ya kula da iyali ba.  Yin aure ba tare da albarkar mahaifiyarta ba ba zai yiwu ba bisa doka. 

Marie kanta ta yi jinkirin amincewa da dangantakar kuma dole ne ta yi la'akari da duk yanayin da ke tattare da soyayyar. Tana cikin shekarunta na ashirin a lokacin da aka fara rubuta wasiƙu tsakanin Carl da kanta. An yi la'akari da wannan a baya bayan &quot;shekarun aure&quot; na manyan al'umma.  Duk da haka Brühl tana ɗaya daga cikin mata kaɗan marasa aure a wancan lokacin waɗanda ke samun kuɗin shiga da kanta. Ba ta son rasa abin da ta kira &quot;'yancinta na ciki.&quot; 

Su biyun sun tabbatar da dangantakarsu a hukumance a watan Mayu na shekarar 1806.  A watan Agusta na shekarar 1810, Clausewitz ya sami wata muhimmiyar wasiƙa daga Friedrich Wilhelm wadda ta ɗaukaka shi zuwa matsayin babban jami'i, kuma ta ba shi izinin aure a hukumance.  A ranar 17 ga Disamba, 1810, Brühl ya auri Clausewitz. 

Su biyun sun sha tattaunawa kan siyasa, adabi, da kuma abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu tare. Sun ɗauki juna a matsayin daidai, wanda ba kasafai mutum zai yi tunanin matarsa ba. 

Carl da Marie ba su iya ɗaukar ciki ba. Ka'idojin yau da kullum suna nuna cewa rashin lafiyar Carl mai ɗorewa ce ke haifar da hakan. 

== Manazarta ==

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'''Marie Sophie von Clausewitz'''  (an haife ta '''Maria Sophia Gräfin  von Brühl''' ; 3 Yuni 1779 &amp;#x2013; 28 Janairu 1836) memba ce ta babban dangin Brühl na Jamus wanda ya samo asali a Thuringia . Baya ga aikinta na mai kula da fasaha a Berlin, an san ta da gyara da wallafa ayyukan mijinta Carl von Clausewitz, musamman littafinsa na soja mai taken ''&quot;On War&quot;'' .

== Rayuwar farko da aiki ==
An haifi Brühl a [[Wosaa|Warsaw]], 'yar Count {{Interlanguage link|Carl Adolph von Brühl|de}} (1742–1802) ta hanyar aurensa da Sophie Gomm (1761–1837). Kakaninta na uba ɗan siyasa ne ɗan ƙasar Poland-Saxon Heinrich von Brühl, yayin da mahaifiyarta goggon mashawarcin filin wasa na Burtaniya William Maynard Gomm ce .  Iyayenta sun sanya mata suna Maria Sophia, amma danginta suna kiranta da Marie. &lt;ref name=&quot;Bellinger&quot; /&gt; Ita ce babbar 'ya'ya, amma da yawa daga cikin 'yan uwanta sun mutu tun suna jarirai. Saboda haka, Marie ta kare 'yar uwarta Fanny, wacce ta tsira daga annobar [[Agana|cutar kyanda]] .  Lokacin da Fanny ta mutu a watan Maris na 1804 saboda matsaloli yayin haihuwa, an bar Marie ta kula da 'yar marayu. Brühl ta kuma yi wa ƙanenta Fitz kallon ɗa fiye da ɗanta. 

Ilminta ta fara ne a gida a ƙarƙashin jagorancin mahaifinta. Ya koya wa Marie yadda ake rubutu da karatu a [[Faransanci]], da kuma yadda ake rubuta wasiƙu ta hanyar da ta dace da &quot;mace mai babban al'umma.&quot;  Mahaifiyarta ta koya mata Turanci, wanda Marie ta yi magana da kyau kuma daga baya ta koya wa 'ya'yan abokanta. Marie da Fanny sun kuma ɗauki darussa a fannin zane, kiɗa, da tarihi. Manufar mahaifiyarsu ce ta ƙirƙiri &quot;abin mamaki na gaske&quot; daga cikin 'ya'yanta mata. 

Ta kasance ƙwararren mai zane kuma mai kula da fasaha. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bellinger |first=Vanya Eftimova |date=January 6, 2016 |title=Five Things You Didn't Know About Carl von Clausewitz |url=http://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2016/01/06/five_things_you_didnt_know_about_carl_von_clausewitz_108863.html |journal=Real Clear Defense |access-date=7 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kasance abokiyar abokiyar marubuci Bettina von Arnim da mijinta Ludwig Achim von Arnim,  da na {{Interlanguage link|Sophie von Schwerin|de}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;

A lokacin da take da shekaru 18, Brühl ta zama mace mai jiran gadon sarauniya Frederika Louisa ta Hesse-Darmstadt .  An dakatar da wannan matsayi a watan Fabrairun 1805 sakamakon mutuwar sarauniya mai jiran gado.  Daga baya, ta zama babbar matar da ke jiran Gimbiya Charlotte, wacce take da shekaru goma sha ɗaya kacal a lokacin.  Bayan mutuwar mijinta, Brühl ta ɗauki matsayin babbar mai jiran Gimbiya Augusta a Berlin.  Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukanta shine kula da kuma ilmantar da Yarima Frederick, wanda daga baya aka san shi da Sarki Frederick na Uku . 

A shekara ta 1813, a lokacin da ake gab da ƙarshen Yaƙin Napoleon, Brühl ma'aikaciyar jinya ce mai sa kai a wani asibitin sojoji. 

== Shekaru tare da Carl von Clausewitz ==
[[Fayil:Clausewitz.jpg|left|thumb| Zanen Carl von Clausewitz]]
Brühl ta haɗu da Carl von Clausewitz a watan Disamba na 1803 ta hanyar abokansu na juna, Gimbiya Louise da mijinta Yarima Antoni Radziwił .  Taronsu ya zo ne kasa da shekara guda bayan mutuwar ba zato ba tsammani ta mahaifin Brühl sakamakon matsalolin da suka shafi cutar hanta a watan Yulin 1802. 

Su biyun sun daɗe suna soyayya saboda dalilai daban-daban; ɗaya daga cikinsu ita ce rashin amincewar mahaifiyarta da dangantakar da ke tsakaninta da wani mutum wanda ba shi da matsayi a cikin al'umma. Clausewitz ba shi da gado kuma zai dogara ne kawai da albashin mataimakinsa, wanda bai isa ya kula da iyali ba.  Yin aure ba tare da albarkar mahaifiyarta ba ba zai yiwu ba bisa doka. 

Marie kanta ta yi jinkirin amincewa da dangantakar kuma dole ne ta yi la'akari da duk yanayin da ke tattare da soyayyar. Tana cikin shekarunta na ashirin a lokacin da aka fara rubuta wasiƙu tsakanin Carl da kanta. An yi la'akari da wannan a baya bayan &quot;shekarun aure&quot; na manyan al'umma.  Duk da haka Brühl tana ɗaya daga cikin mata kaɗan marasa aure a wancan lokacin waɗanda ke samun kuɗin shiga da kanta. Ba ta son rasa abin da ta kira &quot;'yancinta na ciki.&quot; 

Su biyun sun tabbatar da dangantakarsu a hukumance a watan Mayu na shekarar 1806.  A watan Agusta na shekarar 1810, Clausewitz ya sami wata muhimmiyar wasiƙa daga Friedrich Wilhelm wadda ta ɗaukaka shi zuwa matsayin babban jami'i, kuma ta ba shi izinin aure a hukumance.  A ranar 17 ga Disamba, 1810, Brühl ya auri Clausewitz. 

Su biyun sun sha tattaunawa kan siyasa, adabi, da kuma abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu tare. Sun ɗauki juna a matsayin daidai, wanda ba kasafai mutum zai yi tunanin matarsa ba. 

Carl da Marie ba su iya ɗaukar ciki ba. Ka'idojin yau da kullum suna nuna cewa rashin lafiyar Carl mai ɗorewa ce ke haifar da hakan. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Marie Sophie von Clausewitz'''  (an haife ta '''Maria Sophia Gräfin  von Brühl''' ; 3 Yuni 1779 &amp;#x2013; 28 Janairu 1836) memba ce ta babban dangin Brühl na Jamus wanda ya samo asali a Thuringia . Baya ga aikinta na mai kula da fasaha a Berlin, an san ta da gyara da wallafa ayyukan mijinta Carl von Clausewitz, musamman littafinsa na soja mai taken ''&quot;On War&quot;'' .

== Rayuwar farko da aiki ==
An haifi Brühl a [[Wosaa|Warsaw]], 'yar Count {{Interlanguage link|Carl Adolph von Brühl|de}} (1742–1802) ta hanyar aurensa da Sophie Gomm (1761–1837). Kakaninta na uba ɗan siyasa ne ɗan ƙasar Poland-Saxon Heinrich von Brühl, yayin da mahaifiyarta goggon mashawarcin filin wasa na Burtaniya William Maynard Gomm ce .  Iyayenta sun sanya mata suna Maria Sophia, amma danginta suna kiranta da Marie. &lt;ref name=&quot;Bellinger&quot; /&gt; Ita ce babbar 'ya'ya, amma da yawa daga cikin 'yan uwanta sun mutu tun suna jarirai. Saboda haka, Marie ta kare 'yar uwarta Fanny, wacce ta tsira daga annobar [[Agana|cutar kyanda]] .  Lokacin da Fanny ta mutu a watan Maris na 1804 saboda matsaloli yayin haihuwa, an bar Marie ta kula da 'yar marayu. Brühl ta kuma yi wa ƙanenta Fitz kallon ɗa fiye da ɗanta. 

Ilminta ta fara ne a gida a ƙarƙashin jagorancin mahaifinta. Ya koya wa Marie yadda ake rubutu da karatu a [[Faransanci]], da kuma yadda ake rubuta wasiƙu ta hanyar da ta dace da &quot;mace mai babban al'umma.&quot;  Mahaifiyarta ta koya mata Turanci, wanda Marie ta yi magana da kyau kuma daga baya ta koya wa 'ya'yan abokanta. Marie da Fanny sun kuma ɗauki darussa a fannin zane, kiɗa, da tarihi. Manufar mahaifiyarsu ce ta ƙirƙiri &quot;abin mamaki na gaske&quot; daga cikin 'ya'yanta mata. 

Ta kasance ƙwararren mai zane kuma mai kula da fasaha. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bellinger |first=Vanya Eftimova |date=January 6, 2016 |title=Five Things You Didn't Know About Carl von Clausewitz |url=http://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2016/01/06/five_things_you_didnt_know_about_carl_von_clausewitz_108863.html |journal=Real Clear Defense |access-date=7 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kasance abokiyar abokiyar marubuci Bettina von Arnim da mijinta Ludwig Achim von Arnim,  da na {{Interlanguage link|Sophie von Schwerin|de}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;

A lokacin da take da shekaru 18, Brühl ta zama mace mai jiran gadon sarauniya Frederika Louisa ta Hesse-Darmstadt .  An dakatar da wannan matsayi a watan Fabrairun 1805 sakamakon mutuwar sarauniya mai jiran gado.  Daga baya, ta zama babbar matar da ke jiran Gimbiya Charlotte, wacce take da shekaru goma sha ɗaya kacal a lokacin.  Bayan mutuwar mijinta, Brühl ta ɗauki matsayin babbar mai jiran Gimbiya Augusta a Berlin.  Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukanta shine kula da kuma ilmantar da Yarima Frederick, wanda daga baya aka san shi da Sarki Frederick na Uku . 

A shekara ta 1813, a lokacin da ake gab da ƙarshen Yaƙin Napoleon, Brühl ma'aikaciyar jinya ce mai sa kai a wani asibitin sojoji. 

== Shekaru tare da Carl von Clausewitz ==
[[Fayil:Clausewitz.jpg|left|thumb| Zanen Carl von Clausewitz]]
Brühl ta haɗu da Carl von Clausewitz a watan Disamba na 1803 ta hanyar abokansu na juna, Gimbiya Louise da mijinta Yarima Antoni Radziwił .  Taronsu ya zo ne kasa da shekara guda bayan mutuwar ba zato ba tsammani ta mahaifin Brühl sakamakon matsalolin da suka shafi cutar hanta a watan Yulin 1802. 

Su biyun sun daɗe suna soyayya saboda dalilai daban-daban; ɗaya daga cikinsu ita ce rashin amincewar mahaifiyarta da dangantakar da ke tsakaninta da wani mutum wanda ba shi da matsayi a cikin al'umma. Clausewitz ba shi da gado kuma zai dogara ne kawai da albashin mataimakinsa, wanda bai isa ya kula da iyali ba.  Yin aure ba tare da albarkar mahaifiyarta ba ba zai yiwu ba bisa doka. 

Marie kanta ta yi jinkirin amincewa da dangantakar kuma dole ne ta yi la'akari da duk yanayin da ke tattare da soyayyar. Tana cikin shekarunta na ashirin a lokacin da aka fara rubuta wasiƙu tsakanin Carl da kanta. An yi la'akari da wannan a baya bayan &quot;shekarun aure&quot; na manyan al'umma.  Duk da haka Brühl tana ɗaya daga cikin mata kaɗan marasa aure a wancan lokacin waɗanda ke samun kuɗin shiga da kanta. Ba ta son rasa abin da ta kira &quot;'yancinta na ciki.&quot; 

Su biyun sun tabbatar da dangantakarsu a hukumance a watan Mayu na shekarar 1806.  A watan Agusta na shekarar 1810, Clausewitz ya sami wata muhimmiyar wasiƙa daga Friedrich Wilhelm wadda ta ɗaukaka shi zuwa matsayin babban jami'i, kuma ta ba shi izinin aure a hukumance.  A ranar 17 ga Disamba, 1810, Brühl ya auri Clausewitz. 

Su biyun sun sha tattaunawa kan siyasa, adabi, da kuma abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu tare. Sun ɗauki juna a matsayin daidai, wanda ba kasafai mutum zai yi tunanin matarsa ba. 

Carl da Marie ba su iya ɗaukar ciki ba. Ka'idojin yau da kullum suna nuna cewa rashin lafiyar Carl mai ɗorewa ce ke haifar da hakan. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346916080|Alice Kusi]]&quot;</comment>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;'''Alice Kusi''' (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1995) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Ghana wacce ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasa ta Ghana . Ta fafata a Ghana a gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2018, inda ta buga wasanni uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Soccerway&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A. Kusi |url=https://women.soccerway.com/players/alice-kusi/355247/ |access-date=16 June 2019 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Da ta fara aikinta a [[Ghana]] a Fabulous Ladies, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alice Kusi proud as brace sends Fabulous Ladies to Women's FA Cup final |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/715410/alice-kusi-proud-as-brace-sends-fabulous-ladies.html |access-date=2019-10-05 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusi ta koma Zouk Mosbeh na Lebanon a shekarar 2017 daya kwangilar shekara guda. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: Black Queens midfielder Alice Kusi signs for Zouk Mosbeh Girls FC in Lebanon |url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/exclusive-black-queens-midfielder-alice-kusi-signs-for-zouk-mosbeh-girls-fc-in-lebanon |access-date=2019-10-05 |website=GhanaSoccernet |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin kakar wasa daya da ta yi a Lebanon, ta lashe gasar, kofin da Super Cup, kuma an lashe ta a matsayin mai zira kwallaye a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bebli |first=Anthony |title=Black Queens' Alice Kusi wins three trophies with Lebanese side Zouk Mosbeh FC {{!}} Starr Fm |url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/01/black-queens-alice-kusi-wins-three-trophies-lebanese-side-zouk-mosbeh-fc/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224003320/https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/01/black-queens-alice-kusi-wins-three-trophies-lebanese-side-zouk-mosbeh-fc/ |archive-date=24 February 2025 |access-date=2019-10-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusi ya koma Fabulous Ladies a cikin 2018 na shekara guda. Yan iska kawai masu Bari da ido day 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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'''Alice Kusi''' (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1995) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Ghana wacce ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasa ta Ghana . Ta fafata a Ghana a gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2018, inda ta buga wasanni uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Soccerway&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A. Kusi |url=https://women.soccerway.com/players/alice-kusi/355247/ |access-date=16 June 2019 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kulob din ==
Da ta fara aikinta a [[Ghana]] a Fabulous Ladies, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alice Kusi proud as brace sends Fabulous Ladies to Women's FA Cup final |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/715410/alice-kusi-proud-as-brace-sends-fabulous-ladies.html |access-date=2019-10-05 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusi ta koma Zouk Mosbeh na Lebanon a shekarar 2017 daya kwangilar shekara guda. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: Black Queens midfielder Alice Kusi signs for Zouk Mosbeh Girls FC in Lebanon |url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/exclusive-black-queens-midfielder-alice-kusi-signs-for-zouk-mosbeh-girls-fc-in-lebanon |access-date=2019-10-05 |website=GhanaSoccernet |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin kakar wasa daya da ta yi a Lebanon, ta lashe gasar, kofin da Super Cup, kuma an lashe ta a matsayin mai zira kwallaye a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bebli |first=Anthony |title=Black Queens' Alice Kusi wins three trophies with Lebanese side Zouk Mosbeh FC {{!}} Starr Fm |url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/01/black-queens-alice-kusi-wins-three-trophies-lebanese-side-zouk-mosbeh-fc/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224003320/https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/01/black-queens-alice-kusi-wins-three-trophies-lebanese-side-zouk-mosbeh-fc/ |archive-date=24 February 2025 |access-date=2019-10-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusi ya koma Fabulous Ladies a cikin 2018 na shekara guda. Yar kwailace shahararriyi wacce aka Santa a duk fadin dunia baki daya

A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2020, Kusi ya koma Lebanon, ya sanya hannu a Safa a tsakiyar kakar 2019-20. Ta zira kwallaye ga sabon kulob dinta bayan kwana uku, a kan Stars of South a cikin nasara 5-0. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-01-20 |title=LEBANON – Alice Kusi scores hat trick in 5:0 thrashing of South Stars |url=https://nbsportslive.com/lebanon-alice-kusi-scores-hat-trick-in-50-thrashing-of-south-stars/ |access-date=2020-02-27 |website=NB Sports Live |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusi ta ƙare kakar wasa tare da kwallaye 13 a wasanni bakwai, ta taimaka wa tawagarta ta zo ta biyu a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=SAFA WFC – Season 19 20 |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/449761702/SAFA-WFC-Season-19-20 |access-date=2020-03-02 |website=Scribd |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
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'''Alice Kusi''' (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1995) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Ghana wacce ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasa ta Ghana . Ta fafata a Ghana a gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2018, inda ta buga wasanni uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Soccerway&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A. Kusi |url=https://women.soccerway.com/players/alice-kusi/355247/ |access-date=16 June 2019 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kulob din ==
Da ta fara aikinta a [[Ghana]] a Fabulous Ladies, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alice Kusi proud as brace sends Fabulous Ladies to Women's FA Cup final |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/715410/alice-kusi-proud-as-brace-sends-fabulous-ladies.html |access-date=2019-10-05 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusi ta koma Zouk Mosbeh na Lebanon a shekarar 2017 daya kwangilar shekara guda. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: Black Queens midfielder Alice Kusi signs for Zouk Mosbeh Girls FC in Lebanon |url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/exclusive-black-queens-midfielder-alice-kusi-signs-for-zouk-mosbeh-girls-fc-in-lebanon |access-date=2019-10-05 |website=GhanaSoccernet |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin kakar wasa daya da ta yi a Lebanon, ta lashe gasar, kofin da Super Cup, kuma an lashe ta a matsayin mai zira kwallaye a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bebli |first=Anthony |title=Black Queens' Alice Kusi wins three trophies with Lebanese side Zouk Mosbeh FC {{!}} Starr Fm |url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/01/black-queens-alice-kusi-wins-three-trophies-lebanese-side-zouk-mosbeh-fc/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224003320/https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/01/black-queens-alice-kusi-wins-three-trophies-lebanese-side-zouk-mosbeh-fc/ |archive-date=24 February 2025 |access-date=2019-10-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusi ya koma Fabulous Ladies a cikin 2018 na shekara guda. Yar kwailace shahararriyi wacce aka Santa a duk fadin dunia baki daya kuma da sunanta ya taiaka waje tara mata masoya saboda shaadan da tayi

A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2020, Kusi ya koma Lebanon, ya sanya hannu a Safa a tsakiyar kakar 2019-20. Ta zira kwallaye ga sabon kulob dinta bayan kwana uku, a kan Stars of South a cikin nasara 5-0. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-01-20 |title=LEBANON – Alice Kusi scores hat trick in 5:0 thrashing of South Stars |url=https://nbsportslive.com/lebanon-alice-kusi-scores-hat-trick-in-50-thrashing-of-south-stars/ |access-date=2020-02-27 |website=NB Sports Live |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusi ta ƙare kakar wasa tare da kwallaye 13 a wasanni bakwai, ta taimaka wa tawagarta ta zo ta biyu a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=SAFA WFC – Season 19 20 |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/449761702/SAFA-WFC-Season-19-20 |access-date=2020-03-02 |website=Scribd |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ta shiga kulob din Spartak Subotica na Serbia kafin kakar 2021-22, inda ta fito a Gasar Zakarun Mata ta UEFA . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hansen |first=Quarcoopome |date=2021-08-28 |title=Black Queens midfielder Alice Kusi stars for club in Champions League qualifier |url=https://yen.com.gh/sports/192408-black-queens-midfielder-alice-kusi-stars-club-uefa-champions-league-qualifier/ |access-date=2022-02-04 |website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daraja ==
'''Zouk Mosbeh'''

* Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Lebanon: 2017-18
* Kofin FA na Mata na Lebanon: 2017-18
* Gasar Super Cup ta Mata ta Lebanon: 2018

'''Shabab Al-Ordon'''

* Gasar Kungiyoyin Mata ta WAFF: 2019

'''Mutumin da ya fi so'''

* Babban mai zira kwallaye na gasar zakarun mata ta WAFF: 2019
* Babban mai zira kwallaye na gasar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Lebanon: 2017-18

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]]</text>
      <sha1>fp7szbbg8s4digajqvs1pkygq1e5s22</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893595</id>
      <parentid>893592</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T11:02:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Hajiya ihsana</username>
        <id>47752</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Gyara</comment>
      <origin>893595</origin>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 

'''Alice Kusi''' (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1995) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Ghana wacce ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasa ta Ghana . Ta fafata a Ghana a gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2018, inda ta buga wasanni uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Soccerway&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A. Kusi |url=https://women.soccerway.com/players/alice-kusi/355247/ |access-date=16 June 2019 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kulob din ==
Da ta fara aikinta a [[Ghana]] a Fabulous Ladies, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alice Kusi proud as brace sends Fabulous Ladies to Women's FA Cup final |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/715410/alice-kusi-proud-as-brace-sends-fabulous-ladies.html |access-date=2019-10-05 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusi ta koma Zouk Mosbeh na Lebanon a shekarar 2017 daya kwangilar shekara guda. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: Black Queens midfielder Alice Kusi signs for Zouk Mosbeh Girls FC in Lebanon |url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/exclusive-black-queens-midfielder-alice-kusi-signs-for-zouk-mosbeh-girls-fc-in-lebanon |access-date=2019-10-05 |website=GhanaSoccernet |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin kakar wasa daya da ta yi a Lebanon, ta lashe gasar, kofin da Super Cup, kuma an lashe ta a matsayin mai zira kwallaye a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bebli |first=Anthony |title=Black Queens' Alice Kusi wins three trophies with Lebanese side Zouk Mosbeh FC {{!}} Starr Fm |url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/01/black-queens-alice-kusi-wins-three-trophies-lebanese-side-zouk-mosbeh-fc/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224003320/https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/01/black-queens-alice-kusi-wins-three-trophies-lebanese-side-zouk-mosbeh-fc/ |archive-date=24 February 2025 |access-date=2019-10-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusi ya koma Fabulous Ladies a cikin 2018 na shekara guda. 

A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2020, Kusi ya koma Lebanon, ya sanya hannu a Safa a tsakiyar kakar 2019-20. Ta zira kwallaye ga sabon kulob dinta bayan kwana uku, a kan Stars of South a cikin nasara 5-0. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-01-20 |title=LEBANON – Alice Kusi scores hat trick in 5:0 thrashing of South Stars |url=https://nbsportslive.com/lebanon-alice-kusi-scores-hat-trick-in-50-thrashing-of-south-stars/ |access-date=2020-02-27 |website=NB Sports Live |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusi ta ƙare kakar wasa tare da kwallaye 13 a wasanni bakwai, ta taimaka wa tawagarta ta zo ta biyu a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=SAFA WFC – Season 19 20 |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/449761702/SAFA-WFC-Season-19-20 |access-date=2020-03-02 |website=Scribd |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ta shiga kulob din Spartak Subotica na Serbia kafin kakar 2021-22, inda ta fito a Gasar Zakarun Mata ta UEFA . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hansen |first=Quarcoopome |date=2021-08-28 |title=Black Queens midfielder Alice Kusi stars for club in Champions League qualifier |url=https://yen.com.gh/sports/192408-black-queens-midfielder-alice-kusi-stars-club-uefa-champions-league-qualifier/ |access-date=2022-02-04 |website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daraja ==
'''Zouk Mosbeh'''

* Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Lebanon: 2017-18
* Kofin FA na Mata na Lebanon: 2017-18
* Gasar Super Cup ta Mata ta Lebanon: 2018

'''Shabab Al-Ordon'''

* Gasar Kungiyoyin Mata ta WAFF: 2019

'''Mutumin da ya fi so'''

* Babban mai zira kwallaye na gasar zakarun mata ta WAFF: 2019
* Babban mai zira kwallaye na gasar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Lebanon: 2017-18

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]]</text>
      <sha1>81leoo07fet765dtpy4wyx4jlpof3bo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893600</id>
      <parentid>893595</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T11:12:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Musa Vacho77</username>
        <id>9881</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Saka databox</comment>
      <origin>893600</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3704" sha1="jt36s119poic8ut6dtuk0kwokwtnyno" xml:space="preserve">
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 

{{Databox}}

'''Alice Kusi''' (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1995) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Ghana wacce ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasa ta Ghana . Ta fafata a Ghana a gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2018, inda ta buga wasanni uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Soccerway&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A. Kusi |url=https://women.soccerway.com/players/alice-kusi/355247/ |access-date=16 June 2019 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kulob din ==
Da ta fara aikinta a [[Ghana]] a Fabulous Ladies, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alice Kusi proud as brace sends Fabulous Ladies to Women's FA Cup final |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/715410/alice-kusi-proud-as-brace-sends-fabulous-ladies.html |access-date=2019-10-05 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusi ta koma Zouk Mosbeh na Lebanon a shekarar 2017 daya kwangilar shekara guda. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: Black Queens midfielder Alice Kusi signs for Zouk Mosbeh Girls FC in Lebanon |url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/exclusive-black-queens-midfielder-alice-kusi-signs-for-zouk-mosbeh-girls-fc-in-lebanon |access-date=2019-10-05 |website=GhanaSoccernet |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin kakar wasa daya da ta yi a Lebanon, ta lashe gasar, kofin da Super Cup, kuma an lashe ta a matsayin mai zira kwallaye a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bebli |first=Anthony |title=Black Queens' Alice Kusi wins three trophies with Lebanese side Zouk Mosbeh FC {{!}} Starr Fm |url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/01/black-queens-alice-kusi-wins-three-trophies-lebanese-side-zouk-mosbeh-fc/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224003320/https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/01/black-queens-alice-kusi-wins-three-trophies-lebanese-side-zouk-mosbeh-fc/ |archive-date=24 February 2025 |access-date=2019-10-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusi ya koma Fabulous Ladies a cikin 2018 na shekara guda. 

A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2020, Kusi ya koma Lebanon, ya sanya hannu a Safa a tsakiyar kakar 2019-20. Ta zira kwallaye ga sabon kulob dinta bayan kwana uku, a kan Stars of South a cikin nasara 5-0. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-01-20 |title=LEBANON – Alice Kusi scores hat trick in 5:0 thrashing of South Stars |url=https://nbsportslive.com/lebanon-alice-kusi-scores-hat-trick-in-50-thrashing-of-south-stars/ |access-date=2020-02-27 |website=NB Sports Live |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusi ta ƙare kakar wasa tare da kwallaye 13 a wasanni bakwai, ta taimaka wa tawagarta ta zo ta biyu a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=SAFA WFC – Season 19 20 |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/449761702/SAFA-WFC-Season-19-20 |access-date=2020-03-02 |website=Scribd |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ta shiga kulob din Spartak Subotica na Serbia kafin kakar 2021-22, inda ta fito a Gasar Zakarun Mata ta UEFA . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hansen |first=Quarcoopome |date=2021-08-28 |title=Black Queens midfielder Alice Kusi stars for club in Champions League qualifier |url=https://yen.com.gh/sports/192408-black-queens-midfielder-alice-kusi-stars-club-uefa-champions-league-qualifier/ |access-date=2022-02-04 |website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daraja ==
'''Zouk Mosbeh'''

* Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Lebanon: 2017-18
* Kofin FA na Mata na Lebanon: 2017-18
* Gasar Super Cup ta Mata ta Lebanon: 2018

'''Shabab Al-Ordon'''

* Gasar Kungiyoyin Mata ta WAFF: 2019

'''Mutumin da ya fi so'''

* Babban mai zira kwallaye na gasar zakarun mata ta WAFF: 2019
* Babban mai zira kwallaye na gasar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Lebanon: 2017-18

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]]</text>
      <sha1>jt36s119poic8ut6dtuk0kwokwtnyno</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Alice Cohn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>162966</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893586</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:54:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nnamadee</username>
        <id>31123</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1321107612|Alice Cohn]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>893586</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12861" sha1="44zca7uyd9lnn3w8pea78fj2lu0l1m6" xml:space="preserve">
'''Alice Cohn''' (1914–2000) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce daga Jamus da Bayahudiya kuma ƙwararriyar mai ƙirƙira ga gwagwarmayar Holland a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lebovic |first=Matt |date=3 January 2018 |title=How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Cohn ya bar Lichtenstein a shekarar 1936, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Levin |first=Menucha Chana |date=8 January 2018 |title=Alice Cohn: Jewish Heroine Of The Holocaust |url=https://www.jewishpress.com/in-print/from-the-paper/alice-cohn-jewish-heroine-of-the-holocaust/2018/01/08/ |access-date=2021-12-04 |website=[[The Jewish Press]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; don zama a [[Holand|Netherlands]] bisa takardar izinin ɗalibi. Da farko Cohn ya fara zama a [[Amsterdam]], ya koyi harshen Dutch kuma ya yi aiki a kan kwamiti wajen ƙirƙirar fosta na sinima da kayan wasan yara. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lebovic |first=Matt |date=3 January 2018 |title=How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLebovic2018&quot;&gt;Lebovic, Matt (3 January 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ &quot;How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives&quot;]. ''[[The Times of Israel]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-12-06&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A farkon yaƙin, Cohn ta sami matsayi a ''Majalisar Yahudawa'' ta Amsterdam a matsayin mataimakiyar likita, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wanda ya ba ta 'yanci fiye da sauran mazauna Yahudawa. Ta yi amfani da wannan 'yancin wajen ceto wani yaro ɗan shekara 3. Léonie de Picciotto, {{Efn|Léonie de Picciotto is referred to as Lonnie Lesser in most source material.}} &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wakiliyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Matan Yahudawa ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=2019-01-21 |title=Passports for Life Exhibition |url=https://icjw.org/passports-for-life-exhibition/ |access-date=2021-12-04 |website=ICJW |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ta tuna da yadda Cohn ta fitar da ita daga gidan renon yara da ke titin Plantage {{Interlanguage link|Middenlaan Street|nl|Plantage Middenlaan}} &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alice Cohn posthumously awarded with significant international distinction - Jewish Cultural Quarter |url=https://jck.nl/en/pers/alice-cohn-posthumously-awarded-significant-international-distinction |access-date=2021-12-04 |website=jck.nl |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; sanye da kayan aikin jinya.  Bayan ta ga yarinyar a cikin aminci, sai ta gudu zuwa Utrecht, inda ta ɓoye a cikin wani ɗaki a {{Interlanguage link|Wilhelmina Park|nl|Wilhelmina Park}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Daga ƙarshe an sake haɗuwa da yarinyar da aka ceto tare da iyayenta, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pen |first=Hanneloes |date=2017-10-27 |title=Holocaust Museum exposeert valse persoonsbewijzen |url=https://www.parool.nl/gs-b950ac73 |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=Het Parool |language=nl-NL}}&lt;/ref&gt; godiya ga fasfo na jabu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

a shekarar 1947, ta koma Lichtenstein, kuma ta ci gaba da aikinta na zane-zane, tana tsara littattafan yara, fosta da kayan wasan yara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sijtsma |first=Thomas |date=2017-10-30 |title=Verzetsstrijder Cohn postuum geëerd voor vervalsingswerk |url=https://www.parool.nl/gs-b75b5247 |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=Het Parool |language=nl-NL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Juriyar Holland ===
Da zarar a Utrecht, ta kafa ''Hukumar jabu'' tare da Rutger Mathijssen da Siem Buddingh. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Levin |first=Menucha Chana |date=8 January 2018 |title=Alice Cohn: Jewish Heroine Of The Holocaust |url=https://www.jewishpress.com/in-print/from-the-paper/alice-cohn-jewish-heroine-of-the-holocaust/2018/01/08/ |access-date=2021-12-04 |website=[[The Jewish Press]] |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLevin2018&quot;&gt;Levin, Menucha Chana (8 January 2018). [https://www.jewishpress.com/in-print/from-the-paper/alice-cohn-jewish-heroine-of-the-holocaust/2018/01/08/ &quot;Alice Cohn: Jewish Heroine Of The Holocaust&quot;]. ''[[The Jewish Press]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-12-04&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1941, bayan mamayar da Jamus ta yi wa Netherlands, katunan shaidar zama Yahudawa sun zama tilas ga duk wanda ya wuce shekaru 14. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Identity Cards and Forgeries - Jewish Cultural Quarter |url=https://jck.nl/en/exhibition/identity-cards-and-forgeries |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=jck.nl |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma'aikacin gwamnati na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida, {{Interlanguage link|Jacob Lentz|nl|Jacob Lentz}}, ya ƙirƙiro katin shaida mai inganci, na farko da ya ɗauki hoto, ya nuna yatsan mai riƙe da shi, kuma ga Yahudawa mazauna, babban harafi J. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Duk da imanin cewa Lentz' [[:nl:persoonsbewijs|''persoonsbewijs'']] (PB), kamar yadda ya ba su suna, &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; ba zai yiwu a ƙirƙira shi ba, Cohn ya sami damar ƙirƙirar wasu daga cikin katunan shaida guda ɗaya da suka wuce binciken Nazi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hukumar ta ambaci takardun jabu da suka ƙirƙira, waɗanda suka haɗa da PB, takardun abinci, da sauran muhimman takardu da suka wajaba don rayuwa a matsayin ''takardu marasa inganci.'' &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lebovic |first=Matt |date=3 January 2018 |title=How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLebovic2018&quot;&gt;Lebovic, Matt (3 January 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ &quot;How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives&quot;]. ''[[The Times of Israel]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-12-06&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ita da 'yan'uwanta mata, waɗanda ake kira ''Kwamitin Yara na Utrecht'', sun ceci ɗaruruwan [[Yahudawa]] daga korarsu zuwa sansanonin tsare mutane na Nazi da [[Kisan kiyashi|kisan kare dangi]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alice Cohn posthumously awarded with significant international distinction - Jewish Cultural Quarter |url=https://jck.nl/en/pers/alice-cohn-posthumously-awarded-significant-international-distinction |access-date=2021-12-04 |website=jck.nl |language=en-us}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://jck.nl/en/pers/alice-cohn-posthumously-awarded-significant-international-distinction &quot;Alice Cohn posthumously awarded with significant international distinction - Jewish Cultural Quarter&quot;]. ''jck.nl''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-12-04&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar ƙarshe ta yaƙin, 1945, aikin jabun Cohn ya taimaka wajen hana a tura samarin Holland zuwa Jamus a matsayin masu aikin tilas. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lebovic |first=Matt |date=3 January 2018 |title=How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLebovic2018&quot;&gt;Lebovic, Matt (3 January 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ &quot;How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives&quot;]. ''[[The Times of Israel]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-12-06&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2017, Cohn ya zama ɗan ƙasar Liechtenstein na farko da ya karɓi kyautar ''Yahudawan Rescuer's Citation'' . B'nai B'rith ne ya ba Cohn kyautar bayan mutuwarsa, tare da Mathijssen da Buddingh, saboda ceto Picciotto da kuma aikinsu na ƙirƙirar takardu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alice Cohn posthumously awarded with significant international distinction - Jewish Cultural Quarter |url=https://jck.nl/en/pers/alice-cohn-posthumously-awarded-significant-international-distinction |access-date=2021-12-04 |website=jck.nl |language=en-us}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://jck.nl/en/pers/alice-cohn-posthumously-awarded-significant-international-distinction &quot;Alice Cohn posthumously awarded with significant international distinction - Jewish Cultural Quarter&quot;]. ''jck.nl''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-12-04&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; 'Yar Cohn har yanzu tana da kayan aikinta da yawa, gami da littafin rubutu wanda ke ɗauke da darussan ƙirƙirar sa hannu, &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Identity Cards and Forgeries - Jewish Cultural Quarter |url=https://jck.nl/en/exhibition/identity-cards-and-forgeries |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=jck.nl |language=en-us}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://jck.nl/en/exhibition/identity-cards-and-forgeries &quot;Identity Cards and Forgeries - Jewish Cultural Quarter&quot;]. ''jck.nl''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-12-06&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta ba da gudummawar tarin na ɗan lokaci don nunawa a {{Interlanguage link|National Holocaust Museum|nl|Nationaal Holocaust Museum}} a Amsterdam. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lebovic |first=Matt |date=3 January 2018 |title=How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLebovic2018&quot;&gt;Lebovic, Matt (3 January 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ &quot;How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives&quot;]. ''[[The Times of Israel]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-12-06&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Bayan an 'yantar da ita, Cohn ta sami labarin cewa an kashe dukkan danginta daga Breslau, ciki har da iyayenta. Yayin da take ci gaba a aikinta, Cohn ta fara samun masaku daga wani ɗan kasuwa mai suna Rudolf Bermann da ke Lichtenstein. Sun yi aure a shekarar 1947, kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, namiji da mace. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lebovic |first=Matt |date=3 January 2018 |title=How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLebovic2018&quot;&gt;Lebovic, Matt (3 January 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ &quot;How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives&quot;]. ''[[The Times of Israel]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-12-06&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Cohn ya mutu a shekara ta 2000. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lebovic |first=Matt |date=3 January 2018 |title=How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLebovic2018&quot;&gt;Lebovic, Matt (3 January 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ &quot;How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives&quot;]. ''[[The Times of Israel]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-12-06&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2000]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1914]]</text>
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'''Alice Cohn''' (1914–2000) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce daga Jamus da Bayahudiya kuma ƙwararriyar mai ƙirƙira ga gwagwarmayar Holland a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lebovic |first=Matt |date=3 January 2018 |title=How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Cohn ya bar Lichtenstein a shekarar 1936, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Levin |first=Menucha Chana |date=8 January 2018 |title=Alice Cohn: Jewish Heroine Of The Holocaust |url=https://www.jewishpress.com/in-print/from-the-paper/alice-cohn-jewish-heroine-of-the-holocaust/2018/01/08/ |access-date=2021-12-04 |website=[[The Jewish Press]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; don zama a [[Holand|Netherlands]] bisa takardar izinin ɗalibi. Da farko Cohn ya fara zama a [[Amsterdam]], ya koyi harshen Dutch kuma ya yi aiki a kan kwamiti wajen ƙirƙirar fosta na sinima da kayan wasan yara. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lebovic |first=Matt |date=3 January 2018 |title=How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLebovic2018&quot;&gt;Lebovic, Matt (3 January 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ &quot;How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives&quot;]. ''[[The Times of Israel]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-12-06&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A farkon yaƙin, Cohn ta sami matsayi a ''Majalisar Yahudawa'' ta Amsterdam a matsayin mataimakiyar likita, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wanda ya ba ta 'yanci fiye da sauran mazauna Yahudawa. Ta yi amfani da wannan 'yancin wajen ceto wani yaro ɗan shekara 3. Léonie de Picciotto, {{Efn|Léonie de Picciotto is referred to as Lonnie Lesser in most source material.}} &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wakiliyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Matan Yahudawa ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=2019-01-21 |title=Passports for Life Exhibition |url=https://icjw.org/passports-for-life-exhibition/ |access-date=2021-12-04 |website=ICJW |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ta tuna da yadda Cohn ta fitar da ita daga gidan renon yara da ke titin Plantage {{Interlanguage link|Middenlaan Street|nl|Plantage Middenlaan}} &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alice Cohn posthumously awarded with significant international distinction - Jewish Cultural Quarter |url=https://jck.nl/en/pers/alice-cohn-posthumously-awarded-significant-international-distinction |access-date=2021-12-04 |website=jck.nl |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; sanye da kayan aikin jinya.  Bayan ta ga yarinyar a cikin aminci, sai ta gudu zuwa Utrecht, inda ta ɓoye a cikin wani ɗaki a {{Interlanguage link|Wilhelmina Park|nl|Wilhelmina Park}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Daga ƙarshe an sake haɗuwa da yarinyar da aka ceto tare da iyayenta, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pen |first=Hanneloes |date=2017-10-27 |title=Holocaust Museum exposeert valse persoonsbewijzen |url=https://www.parool.nl/gs-b950ac73 |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=Het Parool |language=nl-NL}}&lt;/ref&gt; godiya ga fasfo na jabu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

a shekarar 1947, ta koma Lichtenstein, kuma ta ci gaba da aikinta na zane-zane, tana tsara littattafan yara, fosta da kayan wasan yara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sijtsma |first=Thomas |date=2017-10-30 |title=Verzetsstrijder Cohn postuum geëerd voor vervalsingswerk |url=https://www.parool.nl/gs-b75b5247 |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=Het Parool |language=nl-NL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Juriyar Holland ===
Da zarar a Utrecht, ta kafa ''Hukumar jabu'' tare da Rutger Mathijssen da Siem Buddingh. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Levin |first=Menucha Chana |date=8 January 2018 |title=Alice Cohn: Jewish Heroine Of The Holocaust |url=https://www.jewishpress.com/in-print/from-the-paper/alice-cohn-jewish-heroine-of-the-holocaust/2018/01/08/ |access-date=2021-12-04 |website=[[The Jewish Press]] |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLevin2018&quot;&gt;Levin, Menucha Chana (8 January 2018). [https://www.jewishpress.com/in-print/from-the-paper/alice-cohn-jewish-heroine-of-the-holocaust/2018/01/08/ &quot;Alice Cohn: Jewish Heroine Of The Holocaust&quot;]. ''[[The Jewish Press]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-12-04&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1941, bayan mamayar da Jamus ta yi wa Netherlands, katunan shaidar zama Yahudawa sun zama tilas ga duk wanda ya wuce shekaru 14. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Identity Cards and Forgeries - Jewish Cultural Quarter |url=https://jck.nl/en/exhibition/identity-cards-and-forgeries |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=jck.nl |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma'aikacin gwamnati na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida, {{Interlanguage link|Jacob Lentz|nl|Jacob Lentz}}, ya ƙirƙiro katin shaida mai inganci, na farko da ya ɗauki hoto, ya nuna yatsan mai riƙe da shi, kuma ga Yahudawa mazauna, babban harafi J. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Duk da imanin cewa Lentz' [[:nl:persoonsbewijs|''persoonsbewijs'']] (PB), kamar yadda ya ba su suna, &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; ba zai yiwu a ƙirƙira shi ba, Cohn ya sami damar ƙirƙirar wasu daga cikin katunan shaida guda ɗaya da suka wuce binciken Nazi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hukumar ta ambaci takardun jabu da suka ƙirƙira, waɗanda suka haɗa da PB, takardun abinci, da sauran muhimman takardu da suka wajaba don rayuwa a matsayin ''takardu marasa inganci.'' &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lebovic |first=Matt |date=3 January 2018 |title=How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLebovic2018&quot;&gt;Lebovic, Matt (3 January 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ &quot;How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives&quot;]. ''[[The Times of Israel]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-12-06&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ita da 'yan'uwanta mata, waɗanda ake kira ''Kwamitin Yara na Utrecht'', sun ceci ɗaruruwan [[Yahudawa]] daga korarsu zuwa sansanonin tsare mutane na Nazi da [[Kisan kiyashi|kisan kare dangi]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alice Cohn posthumously awarded with significant international distinction - Jewish Cultural Quarter |url=https://jck.nl/en/pers/alice-cohn-posthumously-awarded-significant-international-distinction |access-date=2021-12-04 |website=jck.nl |language=en-us}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://jck.nl/en/pers/alice-cohn-posthumously-awarded-significant-international-distinction &quot;Alice Cohn posthumously awarded with significant international distinction - Jewish Cultural Quarter&quot;]. ''jck.nl''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-12-04&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar ƙarshe ta yaƙin, 1945, aikin jabun Cohn ya taimaka wajen hana a tura samarin Holland zuwa Jamus a matsayin masu aikin tilas. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lebovic |first=Matt |date=3 January 2018 |title=How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLebovic2018&quot;&gt;Lebovic, Matt (3 January 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ &quot;How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives&quot;]. ''[[The Times of Israel]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-12-06&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2017, Cohn ya zama ɗan ƙasar Liechtenstein na farko da ya karɓi kyautar ''Yahudawan Rescuer's Citation'' . B'nai B'rith ne ya ba Cohn kyautar bayan mutuwarsa, tare da Mathijssen da Buddingh, saboda ceto Picciotto da kuma aikinsu na ƙirƙirar takardu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alice Cohn posthumously awarded with significant international distinction - Jewish Cultural Quarter |url=https://jck.nl/en/pers/alice-cohn-posthumously-awarded-significant-international-distinction |access-date=2021-12-04 |website=jck.nl |language=en-us}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://jck.nl/en/pers/alice-cohn-posthumously-awarded-significant-international-distinction &quot;Alice Cohn posthumously awarded with significant international distinction - Jewish Cultural Quarter&quot;]. ''jck.nl''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-12-04&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; 'Yar Cohn har yanzu tana da kayan aikinta da yawa, gami da littafin rubutu wanda ke ɗauke da darussan ƙirƙirar sa hannu, &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Identity Cards and Forgeries - Jewish Cultural Quarter |url=https://jck.nl/en/exhibition/identity-cards-and-forgeries |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=jck.nl |language=en-us}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://jck.nl/en/exhibition/identity-cards-and-forgeries &quot;Identity Cards and Forgeries - Jewish Cultural Quarter&quot;]. ''jck.nl''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-12-06&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta ba da gudummawar tarin na ɗan lokaci don nunawa a {{Interlanguage link|National Holocaust Museum|nl|Nationaal Holocaust Museum}} a Amsterdam. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lebovic |first=Matt |date=3 January 2018 |title=How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLebovic2018&quot;&gt;Lebovic, Matt (3 January 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ &quot;How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives&quot;]. ''[[The Times of Israel]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-12-06&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Bayan an 'yantar da ita, Cohn ta sami labarin cewa an kashe dukkan danginta daga Breslau, ciki har da iyayenta. Yayin da take ci gaba a aikinta, Cohn ta fara samun masaku daga wani ɗan kasuwa mai suna Rudolf Bermann da ke Lichtenstein. Sun yi aure a shekarar 1947, kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, namiji da mace. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lebovic |first=Matt |date=3 January 2018 |title=How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLebovic2018&quot;&gt;Lebovic, Matt (3 January 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ &quot;How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives&quot;]. ''[[The Times of Israel]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-12-06&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Cohn ya mutu a shekara ta 2000. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lebovic |first=Matt |date=3 January 2018 |title=How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLebovic2018&quot;&gt;Lebovic, Matt (3 January 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-artist-beat-foolproof-nazi-system-to-forge-dutch-id-papers-save-350-lives/ &quot;How artist beat 'foolproof' Nazi system to forge Dutch ID papers, save 350 lives&quot;]. ''[[The Times of Israel]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-12-06&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2000]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1914]]
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    <title>MadC</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338076977|MadC]]&quot;</comment>
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'''MadC''' (an haife ta '''Claudia Walde''', 1980) marubuciya ce kuma mai zane -zanen bango. An haife ta ne a Bautzen, Jamus, kuma an fi saninta da manyan zane-zanenta na waje.

MadC ta fara ne a matsayin matashiyar marubuciya a fannin zane-zane, kuma tun daga lokacin ta haɓaka ayyukanta na ƙirƙira zuwa fannoni daban-daban masu alaƙa (ciki har da zane-zane, rubutu, da zane-zane masu kyau). MadC ta zana zanen zane-zanenta na farko a shekarar 1996, tana da shekaru 16. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Artist of the Week – MadC |url=http://www.widewalls.ch/artist-of-the-week-madc-january-2015/ |access-date=2016-04-21 |website=WideWalls}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MadC - The Rebirth of Tradition |url=http://www.widewalls.ch/feature-article-madc-the-rebirth-of-tradition/ |access-date=2016-04-21 |website=WideWalls}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Fasaha da Zane ta Burg Giebichenstein da ke Halle da kuma Kwalejin Central Saint Martins da ke [[Landan]] . MadC tana da digiri na biyu a fannin zane-zane.

== Manyan ayyuka ==

=== Littattafai (kamar Claudia Walde) ===

* ''City Sticker – Takarda Graffiti Art'' (2007)
* ''Rubutun Titi - Haruffan Graffiti Daga Ko'ina Cikin Duniya'' (2011). Aiki daga masu fasaha 154, daga ƙasashe 30 daban-daban. A lokacin ƙirƙirar littafin, MadC ta umurci masu fasaha da su yi amfani da haruffan ƙasashen duniya waɗanda ta shafe shekaru biyu tana yawo a duniya don tattarawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thames &amp; Hudson Publishers {{!}} Essential illustrated art books {{!}} Street Fonts {{!}} Graffiti Alphabets from Around the World |url=http://www.thamesandhudson.com/Street_Fonts/9780500515594 |access-date=2016-04-21 |website=Thamesandhudson.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Murya ta XXL'' (2015)

=== Bango 700 ===
Babban ci gaban da ta samu a duniya ya zo ne a shekarar 2010 tare da samar da aikin da aka fi sani da ''700-Wall'' - aikin da ya kai murabba'in mita 700 a layin jirgin ƙasa tsakanin [[Berlin]] da Halle. Wannan zanen wataƙila shine mafi girman zane-zanen bango da mutum ɗaya ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya ɗauki watanni huɗu kafin a kammala shi. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 January 2014 |title=MadC - Kolly Gallery |url=http://kollygallery.ch/artists/madc/ |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Kollygallery.ch}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon fasaha ==
Sauyin MadC daga zane-zanen titi zuwa aikin gallery wani sauyi ne, kamar yadda ta bayyana, &quot;daukar kuzarin titi zuwa zane da kuma yadda fenti mai feshi ya fassara zuwa zane daban-daban&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MadC Interview - Widewalls Podcast #13 |url=http://www.widewalls.ch/widewalls-podcast-13-interview-madc/ |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Widewalls.ch}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya ta koma ga 'Spectra' Paint, wanda ya yi tasiri a aikinta na feshi. An kuma san ta da amfani da tawada, ruwan launi, fenti na acrylic da alamomin acrylic a cikin aikinta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MadC - TEAM REX |url=http://www.teamrex.org/gallery/madc/ |access-date=2016-04-21 |website=TEAM REX |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Salon rubutunta ya ƙunshi almarar kimiyya da abubuwan almara, kuma masu fasaha kamar [[Vincent van Gogh|Vincent Van Gogh]] da marigayi mai zane-zanen bango Dare (sunan gaske Siegfried von Koeding, wanda ta yi aiki tare da shi a cikin fim ɗinsa ''na Basel'' ) sun yi tasiri a kansa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MadC Interview - Widewalls Podcast #13 |url=http://www.widewalls.ch/widewalls-podcast-13-interview-madc/ |access-date=2016-04-21 |website=WideWalls}}&lt;/ref&gt; Walde ta sadaukar da aikinta mai lamba ''6313 – Here to Stay'' to Dare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=» 3 years without Dare |url=http://madc.tv/3-years-without-dare/ |access-date=2016-04-21 |website=Madc.tv}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mad C kuma yana aiki da feshi fenti akan zane. A bikin farko na gidan adana kayanta na kaɗaici a shekarar 2015, ''wato Dare da Rana'', ta nuna ayyuka kamar ''Nineteen Nineteen'' da ''Twenty One Zero Six'' . Waɗannan ayyukan suna da tushe baƙi ko fari (alama ce ta aikinta na dare da rana da ake buƙata daga gare ta don yin alama), kuma sun binciki &quot;alaƙar da ke tsakanin launuka masu haɗuwa, haske, gilashi da motsi na zane-zane&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Artist of the Week – MadC |url=http://www.widewalls.ch/artist-of-the-week-madc-january-2015/ |access-date=2016-04-21 |website=WideWalls}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.widewalls.ch/artist-of-the-week-madc-january-2015/ &quot;Artist of the Week – MadC&quot;]. ''WideWalls''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2016-04-21&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Don zane-zanenta, tana canja falsafar haɗa sassa ɗaya zuwa wani yanki - bango, gaba, layuka da siffofi. Don ƙirƙirar waɗannan ayyukan, MadC tana amfani da fenti mai feshi, fenti mai haske, tawada, ruwan ruwa, fenti mai acrylic da alamun acrylic. Tana yin fenti a kan zane, da kuma kwali, daga akwatunan feshi.

Bayan ''700 Wall'', MadC ta gina sabon tsarin aiki, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na nunin ''Reflections'' a Kolly Gallery a 2014. A wannan shekarar, ta ƙirƙiri ''Muryar Tahiti'' a Tahiti . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 January 2014 |title=MadC - Kolly Gallery |url=http://kollygallery.ch/artists/madc/ |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Kollygallery.ch}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://kollygallery.ch/artists/madc/ &quot;MadC - Kolly Gallery&quot;]. ''Kollygallery.ch''. 16 January 2014&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;8 May&lt;/span&gt; 2018&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

* 2013: Shoreditch da Chance, Gabashin London &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 August 2013 |title=MadC New Mural In London, UK - StreetArtNews |url=http://www.streetartnews.net/2013/08/madc-new-mural-in-london-uk.html/ |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=[[StreetArtNews]].net}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2013: Le Mur Paris (Faransa) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MADC LE MUR PARIS 2013 - GRAFFART |url=http://graffart.eu/blog/2013/07/madc-le-mur-paris-2013/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201707/http://graffart.eu/blog/2013/07/madc-le-mur-paris-2013/ |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=graffart.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2013: ''500Wall'' (Jamus), Graffiti &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 May 2018 |title=MADC 500 Wall in Leipzig |url=http://www.molotow.com/magazine/blog/blog/2013/10/04/madc-mural-in-leipzig/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307060652/http://www.molotow.com/magazine/blog/blog/2013/10/04/madc-mural-in-leipzig/ |archive-date=7 March 2014 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Molotow.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019: Zane mai hawa 18 a New Jersey &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adrienne Romero {{!}} The Jersey Journal |date=2019-07-15 |title=All of Jersey City's murals in one place |url=https://www.nj.com/hudson/2019/07/you-can-now-find-all-of-jersey-citys-murals-on-this-website.html |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''MadC''' (an haife ta '''Claudia Walde''', 1980) marubuciya ce kuma mai zane -zanen bango. An haife ta ne a Bautzen, Jamus, kuma an fi saninta da manyan zane-zanenta na waje.

MadC ta fara ne a matsayin matashiyar marubuciya a fannin zane-zane, kuma tun daga lokacin ta haɓaka ayyukanta na ƙirƙira zuwa fannoni daban-daban masu alaƙa (ciki har da zane-zane, rubutu, da zane-zane masu kyau). MadC ta zana zanen zane-zanenta na farko a shekarar 1996, tana da shekaru 16. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Artist of the Week – MadC |url=http://www.widewalls.ch/artist-of-the-week-madc-january-2015/ |access-date=2016-04-21 |website=WideWalls}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MadC - The Rebirth of Tradition |url=http://www.widewalls.ch/feature-article-madc-the-rebirth-of-tradition/ |access-date=2016-04-21 |website=WideWalls}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Fasaha da Zane ta Burg Giebichenstein da ke Halle da kuma Kwalejin Central Saint Martins da ke [[Landan]] . MadC tana da digiri na biyu a fannin zane-zane.

== Manyan ayyuka ==

=== Littattafai (kamar Claudia Walde) ===

* ''City Sticker – Takarda Graffiti Art'' (2007)
* ''Rubutun Titi - Haruffan Graffiti Daga Ko'ina Cikin Duniya'' (2011). Aiki daga masu fasaha 154, daga ƙasashe 30 daban-daban. A lokacin ƙirƙirar littafin, MadC ta umurci masu fasaha da su yi amfani da haruffan ƙasashen duniya waɗanda ta shafe shekaru biyu tana yawo a duniya don tattarawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thames &amp; Hudson Publishers {{!}} Essential illustrated art books {{!}} Street Fonts {{!}} Graffiti Alphabets from Around the World |url=http://www.thamesandhudson.com/Street_Fonts/9780500515594 |access-date=2016-04-21 |website=Thamesandhudson.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Murya ta XXL'' (2015)

=== Bango 700 ===
Babban ci gaban da ta samu a duniya ya zo ne a shekarar 2010 tare da samar da aikin da aka fi sani da ''700-Wall'' - aikin da ya kai murabba'in mita 700 a layin jirgin ƙasa tsakanin [[Berlin]] da Halle. Wannan zanen wataƙila shine mafi girman zane-zanen bango da mutum ɗaya ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya ɗauki watanni huɗu kafin a kammala shi. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 January 2014 |title=MadC - Kolly Gallery |url=http://kollygallery.ch/artists/madc/ |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Kollygallery.ch}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon fasaha ==
Sauyin MadC daga zane-zanen titi zuwa aikin gallery wani sauyi ne, kamar yadda ta bayyana, &quot;daukar kuzarin titi zuwa zane da kuma yadda fenti mai feshi ya fassara zuwa zane daban-daban&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MadC Interview - Widewalls Podcast #13 |url=http://www.widewalls.ch/widewalls-podcast-13-interview-madc/ |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Widewalls.ch}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya ta koma ga 'Spectra' Paint, wanda ya yi tasiri a aikinta na feshi. An kuma san ta da amfani da tawada, ruwan launi, fenti na acrylic da alamomin acrylic a cikin aikinta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MadC - TEAM REX |url=http://www.teamrex.org/gallery/madc/ |access-date=2016-04-21 |website=TEAM REX |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Salon rubutunta ya ƙunshi almarar kimiyya da abubuwan almara, kuma masu fasaha kamar [[Vincent van Gogh|Vincent Van Gogh]] da marigayi mai zane-zanen bango Dare (sunan gaske Siegfried von Koeding, wanda ta yi aiki tare da shi a cikin fim ɗinsa ''na Basel'' ) sun yi tasiri a kansa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MadC Interview - Widewalls Podcast #13 |url=http://www.widewalls.ch/widewalls-podcast-13-interview-madc/ |access-date=2016-04-21 |website=WideWalls}}&lt;/ref&gt; Walde ta sadaukar da aikinta mai lamba ''6313 – Here to Stay'' to Dare. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=» 3 years without Dare |url=http://madc.tv/3-years-without-dare/ |access-date=2016-04-21 |website=Madc.tv}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mad C kuma yana aiki da feshi fenti akan zane. A bikin farko na gidan adana kayanta na kaɗaici a shekarar 2015, ''wato Dare da Rana'', ta nuna ayyuka kamar ''Nineteen Nineteen'' da ''Twenty One Zero Six'' . Waɗannan ayyukan suna da tushe baƙi ko fari (alama ce ta aikinta na dare da rana da ake buƙata daga gare ta don yin alama), kuma sun binciki &quot;alaƙar da ke tsakanin launuka masu haɗuwa, haske, gilashi da motsi na zane-zane&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Artist of the Week – MadC |url=http://www.widewalls.ch/artist-of-the-week-madc-january-2015/ |access-date=2016-04-21 |website=WideWalls}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.widewalls.ch/artist-of-the-week-madc-january-2015/ &quot;Artist of the Week – MadC&quot;]. ''WideWalls''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2016-04-21&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Don zane-zanenta, tana canja falsafar haɗa sassa ɗaya zuwa wani yanki - bango, gaba, layuka da siffofi. Don ƙirƙirar waɗannan ayyukan, MadC tana amfani da fenti mai feshi, fenti mai haske, tawada, ruwan ruwa, fenti mai acrylic da alamun acrylic. Tana yin fenti a kan zane, da kuma kwali, daga akwatunan feshi.

Bayan ''700 Wall'', MadC ta gina sabon tsarin aiki, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na nunin ''Reflections'' a Kolly Gallery a 2014. A wannan shekarar, ta ƙirƙiri ''Muryar Tahiti'' a Tahiti . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 January 2014 |title=MadC - Kolly Gallery |url=http://kollygallery.ch/artists/madc/ |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Kollygallery.ch}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://kollygallery.ch/artists/madc/ &quot;MadC - Kolly Gallery&quot;]. ''Kollygallery.ch''. 16 January 2014&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;8 May&lt;/span&gt; 2018&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

* 2013: Shoreditch da Chance, Gabashin London &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 August 2013 |title=MadC New Mural In London, UK - StreetArtNews |url=http://www.streetartnews.net/2013/08/madc-new-mural-in-london-uk.html/ |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=[[StreetArtNews]].net}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2013: Le Mur Paris (Faransa) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MADC LE MUR PARIS 2013 - GRAFFART |url=http://graffart.eu/blog/2013/07/madc-le-mur-paris-2013/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201707/http://graffart.eu/blog/2013/07/madc-le-mur-paris-2013/ |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=graffart.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2013: ''500Wall'' (Jamus), Graffiti &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 May 2018 |title=MADC 500 Wall in Leipzig |url=http://www.molotow.com/magazine/blog/blog/2013/10/04/madc-mural-in-leipzig/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307060652/http://www.molotow.com/magazine/blog/blog/2013/10/04/madc-mural-in-leipzig/ |archive-date=7 March 2014 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Molotow.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019: Zane mai hawa 18 a New Jersey &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adrienne Romero {{!}} The Jersey Journal |date=2019-07-15 |title=All of Jersey City's murals in one place |url=https://www.nj.com/hudson/2019/07/you-can-now-find-all-of-jersey-citys-murals-on-this-website.html |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>3ebp87mt0nqdms3t9v9lb26f0qd9mrg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ellen Marx (mai zane)</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>893596</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Nnamadee</username>
        <id>31123</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360924774|Ellen Marx (artist)]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>893596</origin>
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[[Fayil:Ellen_Marx_en_2013.jpg|thumb| '''Ellen Marx''' a shekarar 2013]]
'''Ellen Marx''' (22 ga Fabrairu 1939 - 5 ga Mayu 2023) [[Zane-zane na gani|ƙwararren mai zane ne]] na Faransa-Jamus kuma marubuciya a littattafan tunani game da launi.

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
An haifi Marx a Saarbrücken, Jamus, inda ta yi nazarin binciken gani da zane-zane daga 1957 zuwa 1962 a ''Staatliche [[Kunstgewerbeschule|Werkkunstschule]]'', Saarbrücken musamman tare da farfesa [[Oskar Holweck]],  wani mai fasaha wanda ke cikin ƙungiyar ZERO a Jamus ( Günther Uecker, Otto Piene, Heinz Mack ). Aikinsa da koyarwarsa za su yi tasiri sosai ga aikinta. A shekarar 1962 Ellen Marx ta je Paris kuma shekaru biyu bayan haka ta kafa wani babban kamfanin sitiyari mai suna 40.&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga birnin Paris inda ta zauna kuma ta yi aiki har zuwa mutuwarta. Bayan binciken E.Chevreul, Johannes Itten da Josef Albers, Marx ta ƙididdige bambancin launi a karon farko, a cikin littafinta ''mai suna Optical Color and Simultaneity'' .  A daidai lokacin da aka buga littafin a shekarar 1983, an gudanar da wani baje kolin kaɗaici a Cibiyar Georges Pompidou da ke Paris.  Launukan da aka yi amfani da su a wannan baje kolin sun kasance masu hulɗa kuma suna canzawa koyaushe tare da ra'ayin mai kallo. An gudanar da wasu nune-nunen rukuni da na mutum ɗaya da yawa a Turai, musamman ''Relief Concrete a Jamus a yau''  tare da masu fasaha na Jamus na Fasahar Siminti a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Zamani na Gidan Tarihi na Saar, Jamus a 1981. A cikin 1989 editan Faransanci na Marx Pierre Zech ya buga a cikin tarin &quot;Le Temps Apprivoisé&quot; littafinta &quot;Méditer la couleur&quot;  wanda yayi nazari dalla-dalla game da abin da ya faru na bambanci.

An gayyaci Marx ta zama Mai Ba da Jawabi Mai Muhimmanci na Babban Jawabi na Taron Duniya kan Ilimin Launi  wanda Jami'ar Fasaha da Zane da ke [[Helsinki]] ta shirya kuma wanda a lokaci guda ya nuna ayyukanta a wani baje koli tare da zane-zanen Josef Albers. Tun daga shekarar 2000 take ɗaukar zane-zanenta da kwamfuta.

Ellen Marx ta mutu a ranar 5 ga Mayu 2023 a Jumeauville, Faransa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Death Register Jumeauville |url=https://www.acte-deces.fr/acte-de-deces-jumeauville |access-date=2 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Littattafan tarihi ==

* Ellen Marx: ''Les contrastes de la couleur'' Dessain et Tolra, Paris 1973,{{ISBN|2-249-25010-3}}
** Fassarar Turanci ''Bambancin launuka'' New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold 1973,{{ISBN|9780442251147}} A cewar WorldCat, an gudanar da littafin a cikin ɗakunan karatu 290 
** Fassarar Jamusanci, ''Die Farbkontraste : Eine anschauliche Einführung in die Gesetzmässigkeiten der Farbe.''{{ISBN|9783473615537}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9783473615537|&lt;bdi&gt;9783473615537&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
** Fassarar Yaren mutanen Holland ''De kleurkontrasten''{{ISBN|9789021300542}}
** Jafananci translation''色彩の対比 / Shikisai no taih'' OCLC 703800883
* Ellen Marx: ''Couleur Optique'' Dessain et Tolra, Paris 1983 -{{ISBN|2-249-25026-X}}
** Fassarar Jamusanci ''Farbintegration da Simultankontrast'' Muster Schmidt Verlag, Zürich, Göttingen 1989{{ISBN|3-7881-4045-3}}
* Ellen Marx: ''Launi Mai Kama da Daidaito'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York,{{ISBN|0-442-23864-9}} A cewar WorldCat, an gudanar da littafin a cikin ɗakunan karatu 347 
* Ellen Marx ''Méditer La Couleur.'' Paris: P. Zech, 1989{{ISBN|9782283580967}}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1939]]</text>
      <sha1>fys51781gemleubh8jvkkx6mgbw65s4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893597</id>
      <parentid>893596</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T11:04:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nnamadee</username>
        <id>31123</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893597</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3474" sha1="b2841gmy42zlsll4iw5vdrdhb1lwiol" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Ellen_Marx_en_2013.jpg|thumb| '''Ellen Marx''' a shekarar 2013]]
'''Ellen Marx''' (22 ga Fabrairu 1939 - 5 ga Mayu 2023) [[Zane-zane na gani|ƙwararren mai zane ne]] na Faransa-Jamus kuma marubuciya a littattafan tunani game da launi.

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
An haifi Marx a Saarbrücken, Jamus, inda ta yi nazarin binciken gani da zane-zane daga 1957 zuwa 1962 a ''Staatliche [[Kunstgewerbeschule|Werkkunstschule]]'', Saarbrücken musamman tare da farfesa [[Oskar Holweck]],  wani mai fasaha wanda ke cikin ƙungiyar ZERO a Jamus ( Günther Uecker, Otto Piene, Heinz Mack ). Aikinsa da koyarwarsa za su yi tasiri sosai ga aikinta. A shekarar 1962 Ellen Marx ta je Paris kuma shekaru biyu bayan haka ta kafa wani babban kamfanin sitiyari mai suna 40.&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga birnin Paris inda ta zauna kuma ta yi aiki har zuwa mutuwarta. Bayan binciken E.Chevreul, Johannes Itten da Josef Albers, Marx ta ƙididdige bambancin launi a karon farko, a cikin littafinta ''mai suna Optical Color and Simultaneity'' .  A daidai lokacin da aka buga littafin a shekarar 1983, an gudanar da wani baje kolin kaɗaici a Cibiyar Georges Pompidou da ke Paris.  Launukan da aka yi amfani da su a wannan baje kolin sun kasance masu hulɗa kuma suna canzawa koyaushe tare da ra'ayin mai kallo. An gudanar da wasu nune-nunen rukuni da na mutum ɗaya da yawa a Turai, musamman ''Relief Concrete a Jamus a yau''  tare da masu fasaha na Jamus na Fasahar Siminti a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Zamani na Gidan Tarihi na Saar, Jamus a 1981. A cikin 1989 editan Faransanci na Marx Pierre Zech ya buga a cikin tarin &quot;Le Temps Apprivoisé&quot; littafinta &quot;Méditer la couleur&quot;  wanda yayi nazari dalla-dalla game da abin da ya faru na bambanci.

An gayyaci Marx ta zama Mai Ba da Jawabi Mai Muhimmanci na Babban Jawabi na Taron Duniya kan Ilimin Launi  wanda Jami'ar Fasaha da Zane da ke [[Helsinki]] ta shirya kuma wanda a lokaci guda ya nuna ayyukanta a wani baje koli tare da zane-zanen Josef Albers. Tun daga shekarar 2000 take ɗaukar zane-zanenta da kwamfuta.

Ellen Marx ta mutu a ranar 5 ga Mayu 2023 a Jumeauville, Faransa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Death Register Jumeauville |url=https://www.acte-deces.fr/acte-de-deces-jumeauville |access-date=2 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Littattafan tarihi ==

* Ellen Marx: ''Les contrastes de la couleur'' Dessain et Tolra, Paris 1973,{{ISBN|2-249-25010-3}}
** Fassarar Turanci ''Bambancin launuka'' New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold 1973,{{ISBN|9780442251147}} A cewar WorldCat, an gudanar da littafin a cikin ɗakunan karatu 290 
** Fassarar Jamusanci, ''Die Farbkontraste : Eine anschauliche Einführung in die Gesetzmässigkeiten der Farbe.''{{ISBN|9783473615537}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9783473615537|&lt;bdi&gt;9783473615537&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
** Fassarar Yaren mutanen Holland ''De kleurkontrasten''{{ISBN|9789021300542}}
** Jafananci translation''色彩の対比 / Shikisai no taih'' OCLC 703800883
* Ellen Marx: ''Couleur Optique'' Dessain et Tolra, Paris 1983 -{{ISBN|2-249-25026-X}}
** Fassarar Jamusanci ''Farbintegration da Simultankontrast'' Muster Schmidt Verlag, Zürich, Göttingen 1989{{ISBN|3-7881-4045-3}}
* Ellen Marx: ''Launi Mai Kama da Daidaito'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York,{{ISBN|0-442-23864-9}} A cewar WorldCat, an gudanar da littafin a cikin ɗakunan karatu 347 
* Ellen Marx ''Méditer La Couleur.'' Paris: P. Zech, 1989{{ISBN|9782283580967}}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1939]]</text>
      <sha1>b2841gmy42zlsll4iw5vdrdhb1lwiol</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893598</id>
      <parentid>893597</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T11:05:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nnamadee</username>
        <id>31123</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>893598</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3476" sha1="gaaofcu8i7qa9o64kaopjokakupovgk" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Ellen_Marx_en_2013.jpg|thumb| '''Ellen Marx''' a shekarar 2013]]
'''Ellen Marx''' (22 ga Fabrairu 1939 - 5 ga Mayu 2023) [[Zane-zane na gani|ƙwararriyat mai zane ce]] ta Faransa-Jamus kuma marubuciya a littattafan tunani game da launi.

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
An haifi Marx a Saarbrücken, Jamus, inda ta yi nazarin binciken gani da zane-zane daga 1957 zuwa 1962 a ''Staatliche [[Kunstgewerbeschule|Werkkunstschule]]'', Saarbrücken musamman tare da farfesa [[Oskar Holweck]],  wani mai fasaha wanda ke cikin ƙungiyar ZERO a Jamus ( Günther Uecker, Otto Piene, Heinz Mack ). Aikinsa da koyarwarsa za su yi tasiri sosai ga aikinta. A shekarar 1962 Ellen Marx ta je Paris kuma shekaru biyu bayan haka ta kafa wani babban kamfanin sitiyari mai suna 40.&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga birnin Paris inda ta zauna kuma ta yi aiki har zuwa mutuwarta. Bayan binciken E.Chevreul, Johannes Itten da Josef Albers, Marx ta ƙididdige bambancin launi a karon farko, a cikin littafinta ''mai suna Optical Color and Simultaneity'' .  A daidai lokacin da aka buga littafin a shekarar 1983, an gudanar da wani baje kolin kaɗaici a Cibiyar Georges Pompidou da ke Paris.  Launukan da aka yi amfani da su a wannan baje kolin sun kasance masu hulɗa kuma suna canzawa koyaushe tare da ra'ayin mai kallo. An gudanar da wasu nune-nunen rukuni da na mutum ɗaya da yawa a Turai, musamman ''Relief Concrete a Jamus a yau''  tare da masu fasaha na Jamus na Fasahar Siminti a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Zamani na Gidan Tarihi na Saar, Jamus a 1981. A cikin 1989 editan Faransanci na Marx Pierre Zech ya buga a cikin tarin &quot;Le Temps Apprivoisé&quot; littafinta &quot;Méditer la couleur&quot;  wanda yayi nazari dalla-dalla game da abin da ya faru na bambanci.

An gayyaci Marx ta zama Mai Ba da Jawabi Mai Muhimmanci na Babban Jawabi na Taron Duniya kan Ilimin Launi  wanda Jami'ar Fasaha da Zane da ke [[Helsinki]] ta shirya kuma wanda a lokaci guda ya nuna ayyukanta a wani baje koli tare da zane-zanen Josef Albers. Tun daga shekarar 2000 take ɗaukar zane-zanenta da kwamfuta.

Ellen Marx ta mutu a ranar 5 ga Mayu 2023 a Jumeauville, Faransa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Death Register Jumeauville |url=https://www.acte-deces.fr/acte-de-deces-jumeauville |access-date=2 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Littattafan tarihi ==

* Ellen Marx: ''Les contrastes de la couleur'' Dessain et Tolra, Paris 1973,{{ISBN|2-249-25010-3}}
** Fassarar Turanci ''Bambancin launuka'' New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold 1973,{{ISBN|9780442251147}} A cewar WorldCat, an gudanar da littafin a cikin ɗakunan karatu 290 
** Fassarar Jamusanci, ''Die Farbkontraste : Eine anschauliche Einführung in die Gesetzmässigkeiten der Farbe.''{{ISBN|9783473615537}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9783473615537|&lt;bdi&gt;9783473615537&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
** Fassarar Yaren mutanen Holland ''De kleurkontrasten''{{ISBN|9789021300542}}
** Jafananci translation''色彩の対比 / Shikisai no taih'' OCLC 703800883
* Ellen Marx: ''Couleur Optique'' Dessain et Tolra, Paris 1983 -{{ISBN|2-249-25026-X}}
** Fassarar Jamusanci ''Farbintegration da Simultankontrast'' Muster Schmidt Verlag, Zürich, Göttingen 1989{{ISBN|3-7881-4045-3}}
* Ellen Marx: ''Launi Mai Kama da Daidaito'', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York,{{ISBN|0-442-23864-9}} A cewar WorldCat, an gudanar da littafin a cikin ɗakunan karatu 347 
* Ellen Marx ''Méditer La Couleur.'' Paris: P. Zech, 1989{{ISBN|9782283580967}}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1939]]</text>
      <sha1>gaaofcu8i7qa9o64kaopjokakupovgk</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Agnes Meyer-Brandis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>162969</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893603</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T11:15:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nnamadee</username>
        <id>31123</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365931987|Agnes Meyer-Brandis]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>893603</origin>
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      <text bytes="1975" sha1="1h8tlf8xxjr0h98pyl3szs6n0higsaf" xml:space="preserve">
'''Agnes Meyer-Brandis''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1973) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce ta ƙasar Jamus, wacce aka san ta da Moon Goose Colony, wani zane-zane da fim da aka nuna a duniya wanda (wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga labarin Francis Godwin ) ta yi kiwon garken geese kuma ta koya musu zama 'yan sama jannati .    

Bayan ɗan gajeren karatun ilmin ma'adanai a Jami'ar RWTH Aachen, Meyer-Brandis ya yi karatun sassaka a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Maastricht da ke [[Holand|Netherlands]], ya yi karatu tare da mai ɗaukar hoto na Czech kuma mai zane mai ra'ayi Magdalena Jetelová a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf da ke [[Düsseldorf]], Jamus, sannan ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kafofin watsa labarai na gani na sauti daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai ta Cologne da ke [[Köln|Cologne]], Jamus.  

Sauran ayyukan fasaha na Meyer-Brandis sun haɗa da Iceberg Probe, wacce ta lashe kyautar farko a transmediale 2006,   wani shiri na 2008 wanda ke bincike daga mahangar fasaha game da tasirin kusufin rana gaba ɗaya akan gidan namun daji a [[Novosibirsk]],  da kuma wani aiki tare da birnin [[Ekaterinburg|Yekaterinburg]] a Biennale na uku na Moscow a 2009.  A shekarar 2014, Meyer-Brandis ya shiga cikin baje kolin 'The Invisible Force Behind' a Imai – cibiyar fasaha ta kafofin watsa labarai &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Imai - inter media art institute |url=http://www.imaionline.de/content/view/228/lang,de/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222171319/http://www.imaionline.de/content/view/228/lang,de/ |archive-date=2014-02-22 |access-date=2014-02-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; a cikin Quadriennale [[Düsseldorf]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Informationen zu Kunst, Museen und Ausstellungsräumen, Ausstellungen und Galerien in der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf &amp;#124; Art in Düsseldorf |url=http://quadriennale-duesseldorf.de/english/programme/the_invisible_force_behind.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]]</text>
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'''Agnes Meyer-Brandis''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1973) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce ta ƙasar Jamus, wacce aka san ta da Moon Goose Colony, wani zane-zane da fim da aka nuna a duniya wanda (wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga labarin Francis Godwin ) ta yi kiwon garken geese kuma ta koya musu zama 'yan sama jannati .    

Bayan ɗan gajeren karatun ilmin ma'adanai a Jami'ar RWTH Aachen, Meyer-Brandis ya yi karatun sassaka a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Maastricht da ke [[Holand|Netherlands]], ya yi karatu tare da mai ɗaukar hoto na Czech kuma mai zane mai ra'ayi Magdalena Jetelová a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf da ke [[Düsseldorf]], Jamus, sannan ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kafofin watsa labarai na gani na sauti daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai ta Cologne da ke [[Köln|Cologne]], Jamus.  

Sauran ayyukan fasaha na Meyer-Brandis sun haɗa da Iceberg Probe, wacce ta lashe kyautar farko a transmediale 2006,   wani shiri na 2008 wanda ke bincike daga mahangar fasaha game da tasirin kusufin rana gaba ɗaya akan gidan namun daji a [[Novosibirsk]],  da kuma wani aiki tare da birnin [[Ekaterinburg|Yekaterinburg]] a Biennale na uku na Moscow a 2009.  A shekarar 2014, Meyer-Brandis ya shiga cikin baje kolin 'The Invisible Force Behind' a Imai – cibiyar fasaha ta kafofin watsa labarai &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Imai - inter media art institute |url=http://www.imaionline.de/content/view/228/lang,de/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222171319/http://www.imaionline.de/content/view/228/lang,de/ |archive-date=2014-02-22 |access-date=2014-02-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; a cikin Quadriennale [[Düsseldorf]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Informationen zu Kunst, Museen und Ausstellungsräumen, Ausstellungen und Galerien in der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf &amp;#124; Art in Düsseldorf |url=http://quadriennale-duesseldorf.de/english/programme/the_invisible_force_behind.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]]</text>
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    <title>Vera Matyukh</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1284129884|Vera Matyukh]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Vera Fedorovna Matyukh''' ( Russian   ; 1910–2003) ƙwararren mai zane ne na gani na Rasha daga Berlin. Ta yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da zane-zanen ruwa, zane-zanen lithography, zane-zanen rubutu, zane-zane, da zane. &lt;ref name=&quot;anniversary&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=To the 110th anniversary of the artist Vera Matyukh |url=https://spbculture.ru/en/kulturnye-sobytiya/culture_event_details/38816 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605112208/https://spbculture.ru/en/kulturnye-sobytiya/culture_event_details/38816 |archive-date=June 5, 2021 |website=St. Petersburg Committee for Culture}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An haife ta a [[Berlin]] ga mahaifiyar Jamus kuma mahaifin Rasha ne. &lt;ref name=&quot;journal&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2020 |title=В Петербурге представили альбом о жизни и творчестве Веры Матюх |url=https://spbvedomosti.ru/news/culture/v-peterburge-predstavili-albom-o-zhizni-i-tvorchestve-very-matyukh/ |website=St. Petersburg Journal |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta zauna a can har zuwa 1923, lokacin da iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Kharkiv. Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Fasaha ta Jihar Kharkiv a ƙarshen shekarun 1920 tare da [[Vasili Ermilov]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vera Matyukh |url=https://ls.vanabbemuseum.nl/M/matiukh/text/matiukh.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226192810/https://ls.vanabbemuseum.nl/M/matiukh/text/matiukh.htm |archive-date=February 26, 2021 |website=LS Collection: Russian and Soviet Artists and Journals of the 20th Century |publisher=[[Van Abbemuseum]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta zauna kuma ta yi aiki a Leningrad a shekarun 1930. Ta samu tasiri daga ƙungiyoyin avant-garde na Rasha kamar Constructivism da masu fasaha kamar Mikhail Matyushin, Pavel Filonov, Kazimir Malevich da kuma jagoranta Pavel Kondratiev . Ta kuma yi karatu tare da [[Lev Yudin]], [[Konstantin Rozhdestvensky]], [[Georgi Vereisky]] da [[Nikolai Tyrsa]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;faith&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2020 |title=Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh |url=https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |website=Russian Art + Culture}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan yaƙin, ta kasance memba na [[Leningrad Experimental Graphics Workshop]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Streeting |first=Louisa |date=November 16, 2019 |title=Russian artists capture everyday Soviet life – in pictures |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2019/nov/16/russian-artists-capture-everyday-soviet-life-in-pictures?page=with%3Aimg-1 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da [[Aleksandr Vedernikov]], Anatoli Kaplan, da [[Boris Ermolaev]] . Ta zauna kuma tana aiki a Leningrad. &lt;ref name=&quot;journal&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2020 |title=В Петербурге представили альбом о жизни и творчестве Веры Матюх |url=https://spbvedomosti.ru/news/culture/v-peterburge-predstavili-albom-o-zhizni-i-tvorchestve-very-matyukh/ |website=St. Petersburg Journal |language=ru}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://spbvedomosti.ru/news/culture/v-peterburge-predstavili-albom-o-zhizni-i-tvorchestve-very-matyukh/ &quot;В Петербурге представили альбом о жизни и творчестве Веры Матюх&quot;]. ''St. Petersburg Journal'' (in Russian). 1 September 2020.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)]]&lt;/ref&gt; An san ta da aikinta na yin zane mai launi. A shekarar 1961, Eric Estorick ya jawo hankalin duniya game da ayyukan makarantar LEGL ta hanyar shahararrun nune-nunen da aka yi a Landan da New York. &lt;ref name=&quot;faith&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2020 |title=Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh |url=https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |website=Russian Art + Culture}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ &quot;Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh&quot;]. ''Russian Art + Culture''. 22 August 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ Archived] from the original on 4 May 2023.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana gudanar da ayyukanta a cikin tarin kayan tarihi daban-daban, ciki har da Gidan Tarihi na Jihar Tretyakov, Gidan Tarihi na Rasha na Jiha, Gidan Tarihi na St. Petersburg, Gidan Tarihi na Adabi da Tunawa na Anna Akhmatova, Gidan Tarihi na Derfner Judaica, Gidan Tarihi na Tsarskoselskaya Kolleksiya da ke St. Petersburg, da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani a New York. &lt;ref name=&quot;faith&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2020 |title=Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh |url=https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |website=Russian Art + Culture}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ &quot;Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh&quot;]. ''Russian Art + Culture''. 22 August 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ Archived] from the original on 4 May 2023.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Masanin tarihin zane-zane na St. Petersburg [[Nikolai Kononikhin]] ya rubuta wani littafi game da rayuwarta mai taken ''Imani: Rayuwa da Ƙirƙirar Vera Matyukh'', tare da tallafin [[Frants Art Foundation|Gidauniyar Fasaha ta Frants]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;faith&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2020 |title=Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh |url=https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |website=Russian Art + Culture}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ &quot;Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh&quot;]. ''Russian Art + Culture''. 22 August 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ Archived] from the original on 4 May 2023.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Matattun 2003]]
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'''Vera Fedorovna Matyukh''' ( Russian   ; 1910–2003) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce ta gani na Rasha daga Berlin. Ta yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da zane-zanen ruwa, zane-zanen lithography, zane-zanen rubutu, zane-zane, da zane. &lt;ref name=&quot;anniversary&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=To the 110th anniversary of the artist Vera Matyukh |url=https://spbculture.ru/en/kulturnye-sobytiya/culture_event_details/38816 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605112208/https://spbculture.ru/en/kulturnye-sobytiya/culture_event_details/38816 |archive-date=June 5, 2021 |website=St. Petersburg Committee for Culture}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An haife ta a [[Berlin]] ga mahaifiyar Jamus kuma mahaifin Rasha ne. &lt;ref name=&quot;journal&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2020 |title=В Петербурге представили альбом о жизни и творчестве Веры Матюх |url=https://spbvedomosti.ru/news/culture/v-peterburge-predstavili-albom-o-zhizni-i-tvorchestve-very-matyukh/ |website=St. Petersburg Journal |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta zauna a can har zuwa 1923, lokacin da iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Kharkiv. Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Fasaha ta Jihar Kharkiv a ƙarshen shekarun 1920 tare da [[Vasili Ermilov]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vera Matyukh |url=https://ls.vanabbemuseum.nl/M/matiukh/text/matiukh.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226192810/https://ls.vanabbemuseum.nl/M/matiukh/text/matiukh.htm |archive-date=February 26, 2021 |website=LS Collection: Russian and Soviet Artists and Journals of the 20th Century |publisher=[[Van Abbemuseum]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta zauna kuma ta yi aiki a Leningrad a shekarun 1930. Ta samu tasiri daga ƙungiyoyin avant-garde na Rasha kamar Constructivism da masu fasaha kamar Mikhail Matyushin, Pavel Filonov, Kazimir Malevich da kuma jagoranta Pavel Kondratiev . Ta kuma yi karatu tare da [[Lev Yudin]], [[Konstantin Rozhdestvensky]], [[Georgi Vereisky]] da [[Nikolai Tyrsa]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;faith&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2020 |title=Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh |url=https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |website=Russian Art + Culture}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan yaƙin, ta kasance memba na [[Leningrad Experimental Graphics Workshop]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Streeting |first=Louisa |date=November 16, 2019 |title=Russian artists capture everyday Soviet life – in pictures |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2019/nov/16/russian-artists-capture-everyday-soviet-life-in-pictures?page=with%3Aimg-1 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da [[Aleksandr Vedernikov]], Anatoli Kaplan, da [[Boris Ermolaev]] . Ta zauna kuma tana aiki a Leningrad. &lt;ref name=&quot;journal&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2020 |title=В Петербурге представили альбом о жизни и творчестве Веры Матюх |url=https://spbvedomosti.ru/news/culture/v-peterburge-predstavili-albom-o-zhizni-i-tvorchestve-very-matyukh/ |website=St. Petersburg Journal |language=ru}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://spbvedomosti.ru/news/culture/v-peterburge-predstavili-albom-o-zhizni-i-tvorchestve-very-matyukh/ &quot;В Петербурге представили альбом о жизни и творчестве Веры Матюх&quot;]. ''St. Petersburg Journal'' (in Russian). 1 September 2020.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)]]&lt;/ref&gt; An san ta da aikinta na yin zane mai launi. A shekarar 1961, Eric Estorick ya jawo hankalin duniya game da ayyukan makarantar LEGL ta hanyar shahararrun nune-nunen da aka yi a Landan da New York. &lt;ref name=&quot;faith&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2020 |title=Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh |url=https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |website=Russian Art + Culture}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ &quot;Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh&quot;]. ''Russian Art + Culture''. 22 August 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ Archived] from the original on 4 May 2023.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana gudanar da ayyukanta a cikin tarin kayan tarihi daban-daban, ciki har da Gidan Tarihi na Jihar Tretyakov, Gidan Tarihi na Rasha na Jiha, Gidan Tarihi na St. Petersburg, Gidan Tarihi na Adabi da Tunawa na Anna Akhmatova, Gidan Tarihi na Derfner Judaica, Gidan Tarihi na Tsarskoselskaya Kolleksiya da ke St. Petersburg, da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani a New York. &lt;ref name=&quot;faith&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2020 |title=Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh |url=https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |website=Russian Art + Culture}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ &quot;Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh&quot;]. ''Russian Art + Culture''. 22 August 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ Archived] from the original on 4 May 2023.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Masanin tarihin zane-zane na St. Petersburg [[Nikolai Kononikhin]] ya rubuta wani littafi game da rayuwarta mai taken ''Imani: Rayuwa da Ƙirƙirar Vera Matyukh'', tare da tallafin [[Frants Art Foundation|Gidauniyar Fasaha ta Frants]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;faith&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2020 |title=Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh |url=https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |website=Russian Art + Culture}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ &quot;Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh&quot;]. ''Russian Art + Culture''. 22 August 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ Archived] from the original on 4 May 2023.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Matattun 2003]]
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      <text bytes="6985" sha1="o41wpf8zyqdqzt0x4fvslmrr0xy1yvp" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Vera Fedorovna Matyukh''' (1910–2003) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce ta gani na Rasha daga Berlin. Ta yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da zane-zanen ruwa, zane-zanen lithography, zane-zanen rubutu, zane-zane, da zane. &lt;ref name=&quot;anniversary&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=To the 110th anniversary of the artist Vera Matyukh |url=https://spbculture.ru/en/kulturnye-sobytiya/culture_event_details/38816 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605112208/https://spbculture.ru/en/kulturnye-sobytiya/culture_event_details/38816 |archive-date=June 5, 2021 |website=St. Petersburg Committee for Culture}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An haife ta a [[Berlin]] ga mahaifiyar Jamus kuma mahaifin Rasha ne. &lt;ref name=&quot;journal&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2020 |title=В Петербурге представили альбом о жизни и творчестве Веры Матюх |url=https://spbvedomosti.ru/news/culture/v-peterburge-predstavili-albom-o-zhizni-i-tvorchestve-very-matyukh/ |website=St. Petersburg Journal |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta zauna a can har zuwa 1923, lokacin da iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Kharkiv. Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Fasaha ta Jihar Kharkiv a ƙarshen shekarun 1920 tare da [[Vasili Ermilov]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vera Matyukh |url=https://ls.vanabbemuseum.nl/M/matiukh/text/matiukh.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226192810/https://ls.vanabbemuseum.nl/M/matiukh/text/matiukh.htm |archive-date=February 26, 2021 |website=LS Collection: Russian and Soviet Artists and Journals of the 20th Century |publisher=[[Van Abbemuseum]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta zauna kuma ta yi aiki a Leningrad a shekarun 1930. Ta samu tasiri daga ƙungiyoyin avant-garde na Rasha kamar Constructivism da masu fasaha kamar Mikhail Matyushin, Pavel Filonov, Kazimir Malevich da kuma jagoranta Pavel Kondratiev . Ta kuma yi karatu tare da [[Lev Yudin]], [[Konstantin Rozhdestvensky]], [[Georgi Vereisky]] da [[Nikolai Tyrsa]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;faith&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2020 |title=Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh |url=https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |website=Russian Art + Culture}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan yaƙin, ta kasance memba na [[Leningrad Experimental Graphics Workshop]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Streeting |first=Louisa |date=November 16, 2019 |title=Russian artists capture everyday Soviet life – in pictures |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2019/nov/16/russian-artists-capture-everyday-soviet-life-in-pictures?page=with%3Aimg-1 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da [[Aleksandr Vedernikov]], Anatoli Kaplan, da [[Boris Ermolaev]] . Ta zauna kuma tana aiki a Leningrad. &lt;ref name=&quot;journal&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2020 |title=В Петербурге представили альбом о жизни и творчестве Веры Матюх |url=https://spbvedomosti.ru/news/culture/v-peterburge-predstavili-albom-o-zhizni-i-tvorchestve-very-matyukh/ |website=St. Petersburg Journal |language=ru}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://spbvedomosti.ru/news/culture/v-peterburge-predstavili-albom-o-zhizni-i-tvorchestve-very-matyukh/ &quot;В Петербурге представили альбом о жизни и творчестве Веры Матюх&quot;]. ''St. Petersburg Journal'' (in Russian). 1 September 2020.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)]]&lt;/ref&gt; An san ta da aikinta na yin zane mai launi. A shekarar 1961, Eric Estorick ya jawo hankalin duniya game da ayyukan makarantar LEGL ta hanyar shahararrun nune-nunen da aka yi a Landan da New York. &lt;ref name=&quot;faith&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2020 |title=Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh |url=https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |website=Russian Art + Culture}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ &quot;Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh&quot;]. ''Russian Art + Culture''. 22 August 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ Archived] from the original on 4 May 2023.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana gudanar da ayyukanta a cikin tarin kayan tarihi daban-daban, ciki har da Gidan Tarihi na Jihar Tretyakov, Gidan Tarihi na Rasha na Jiha, Gidan Tarihi na St. Petersburg, Gidan Tarihi na Adabi da Tunawa na Anna Akhmatova, Gidan Tarihi na Derfner Judaica, Gidan Tarihi na Tsarskoselskaya Kolleksiya da ke St. Petersburg, da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani a New York. &lt;ref name=&quot;faith&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2020 |title=Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh |url=https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |website=Russian Art + Culture}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ &quot;Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh&quot;]. ''Russian Art + Culture''. 22 August 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ Archived] from the original on 4 May 2023.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Masanin tarihin zane-zane na St. Petersburg [[Nikolai Kononikhin]] ya rubuta wani littafi game da rayuwarta mai taken ''Imani: Rayuwa da Ƙirƙirar Vera Matyukh'', tare da tallafin [[Frants Art Foundation|Gidauniyar Fasaha ta Frants]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;faith&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2020 |title=Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh |url=https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |website=Russian Art + Culture}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ &quot;Faith: The Life and Creativity of Vera Matyukh&quot;]. ''Russian Art + Culture''. 22 August 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230504113608/https://www.russianartandculture.com/faith-the-life-and-creativity-of-vera-matyukh/ Archived] from the original on 4 May 2023.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Matattun 2003]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1910]]</text>
      <sha1>o41wpf8zyqdqzt0x4fvslmrr0xy1yvp</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ada Mee</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343251216|Ada Mee]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Fayil:Ada_Mee_Antipoden.jpg|right|thumb| ''Antipoden'' ta Ada Mee, 2015, lithography]]
'''Ada Mee''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1946) wata 'yar ƙasar Jamus ce da ke zaune a Heidelberg wadda ke aiki a fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da zane, zane-zane da kuma ɗaukar hoto.

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi Ada Mee a shekarar 1946 a Thuringia kuma ta zauna a [[Jena]] har zuwa lokacin da ta tsere zuwa [[Jamus|Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus]] a shekarar 1952. Ta girma a [[Bremen]], Eifel, Swabian Jura da [[Stuttgart]], inda ta kammala karatunta. Ta yi karatun gine-gine a Karlsruhe, inda ta kammala a matsayin injiniya mai ƙwarewa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mee |first=Ada |title=ADA MEE, Künstlerin aus Heidelberg |url=https://www.ada-mee.de/home |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.ada-mee.de |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; A halin yanzu tana zaune a Heidelberg kuma tana da aure da 'ya mace ɗaya.

== Sana'a ==
[[Fayil:Ada_Mee_Hommage_an_Charlie_Hebdo.jpg|right|thumb| ''Hommage da Charlie Hebdo'' ta Ada Mee, 2015, zane-zanen hoto da aka shirya]]
[[Fayil:Ada_Mee_Puijiang.jpg|right|thumb| ''Das Wunder von Puijiang'' da ''E-Mann'' na Ada Mee, 2013 da 2015, tsararrun fasaha]]
[[Fayil:Ada_mee_ring-zum-richard-wagner-jahr.jpg|right|thumb| ''Der Ring zum Richard-Wagner-Jahr'' na Ada Mee, 2013, abu da aka yi da tubalan dutse guda biyu na Neckar-Odenwald tare da haɗin gwiwa, zobe da kuma tushe da aka yi da ƙarfe V2A.]]
[[Fayil:Ada_mee_conchita.jpg|right|thumb| ''Conchita, unterwegs zwischen den Geschlechtern'' na Ada Mee, 2014, tagulla, Karl Casper]]
Mee memba ne na Bundesverband Bildender Künstlerinnen und Künstlers (Jamusanci Association of Fine Artists), Heidelberger Forum für Kunst (Art Forum of Heidelberg) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mitglieder des Heidelberger Forum für Kunst |url=http://www.heidelberger-forum-fuer-kunst.de/mitglieder.html |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.heidelberger-forum-fuer-kunst.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma Kunsthöfle Gallery a Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mitglieder |url=https://www.kunsthoefle.com/mitglieder/ |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=kunsthoefles Webseite! |language=de-DE}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kayan Mee sun haɗa da fenti mai launin acrylic, launin ruwa, gouache, fensir, tawada ta Indiya a kan itace, kati da nau'ikan takarda daban-daban. Mee ta kira fasahar daukar hoto da ke kan zane a matsayin &quot;fasahar aikace-aikace&quot;, wanda ya kunshi sauya fasalin gine-gine na farko ta hanyar zane da/ko zane-zane na dijital. A cikin tsarinta, Ada Mee ta haɗa zane da hotunanta.

=== Fasahar ra'ayi mai tsari ===
Misali ɗaya daga cikin zane-zanenta na tunani shine ''Das Wunder von Puijang'' ('Abin Mamaki na Puijang'), wanda ke nuna jariri da aka haifa yayin da mahaifiyar ke tsugunne a kan bayan gida wanda ya shiga cikin bututun shara kuma aka ceto shi ta hanyar yankewa a cikin bututun.

== Ganewa da kyaututtuka ==

* 2023: an zaɓe shi don lambar yabo ta 29 ta Mainz Art Prize, Eisenturm
* 2019: An zaɓi wanda zai yi nasara a kyautar Perron Art Prize, Frankenthal
* 2013: zaben HEISE Kunstpreis 2014
* 2009: gabatarwa ta Stiftungen Landesbank-Baden-Württemberg, ''Catalogue: Lithographien vom Stein''
* 2008: gabatarwa ta Stiftungen Landesbank-Baden-Württemberg, ''Catalogue: Maroc mon amour.'' ''1996, Malerei zur Ausstellung im Presseclub Bonn''
* 2006: Ƙwararrun sana'a &quot;UnFAIRblümt&quot;, Haus der Demokratie und Menschenrechte, Berlin
* 2006: kyautar fasaha ta gundumar Alzey-Worms 
* 2005: zaɓen kalandar zane ta Johann Kasper Zeus, 2006, Kronach

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>nkganm2mwlzbbzzob8quj09nr9zbvhs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>893612</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T11:22:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nnamadee</username>
        <id>31123</id>
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      <text bytes="3568" sha1="rbsp1sz6huj67tgxp1z9yavesh6xsbu" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Ada_Mee_Antipoden.jpg|right|thumb| ''Antipoden'' ta Ada Mee, 2015, lithography]]
'''Ada Mee''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1946) wata 'yar ƙasar Jamus ce da ke zaune a Heidelberg wadda ke aiki a fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da zane, zane-zane da kuma ɗaukar hoto.

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi Ada Mee a shekarar 1946 a Thuringia kuma ta zauna a [[Jena]] har zuwa lokacin da ta tsere zuwa [[Jamus|Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus]] a shekarar 1952. Ta girma a [[Bremen]], Eifel, Swabian Jura da [[Stuttgart]], inda ta kammala karatunta. Ta yi karatun gine-gine a Karlsruhe, inda ta kammala a matsayin injiniya mai ƙwarewa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mee |first=Ada |title=ADA MEE, Künstlerin aus Heidelberg |url=https://www.ada-mee.de/home |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.ada-mee.de |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; A halin yanzu tana zaune a Heidelberg kuma tana da aure da 'ya mace ɗaya.

== Sana'a ==
[[Fayil:Ada_Mee_Hommage_an_Charlie_Hebdo.jpg|right|thumb| ''Hommage da Charlie Hebdo'' ta Ada Mee, 2015, zane-zanen hoto da aka shirya]]
[[Fayil:Ada_Mee_Puijiang.jpg|right|thumb| ''Das Wunder von Puijiang'' da ''E-Mann'' na Ada Mee, 2013 da 2015, tsararrun fasaha]]
[[Fayil:Ada_mee_ring-zum-richard-wagner-jahr.jpg|right|thumb| ''Der Ring zum Richard-Wagner-Jahr'' na Ada Mee, 2013, abu da aka yi da tubalan dutse guda biyu na Neckar-Odenwald tare da haɗin gwiwa, zobe da kuma tushe da aka yi da ƙarfe V2A.]]
[[Fayil:Ada_mee_conchita.jpg|right|thumb| ''Conchita, unterwegs zwischen den Geschlechtern'' na Ada Mee, 2014, tagulla, Karl Casper]]
Mee memba ne na Bundesverband Bildender Künstlerinnen und Künstlers (Jamusanci Association of Fine Artists), Heidelberger Forum für Kunst (Art Forum of Heidelberg) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mitglieder des Heidelberger Forum für Kunst |url=http://www.heidelberger-forum-fuer-kunst.de/mitglieder.html |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.heidelberger-forum-fuer-kunst.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma Kunsthöfle Gallery a Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mitglieder |url=https://www.kunsthoefle.com/mitglieder/ |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=kunsthoefles Webseite! |language=de-DE}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kayan Mee sun haɗa da fenti mai launin acrylic, launin ruwa, gouache, fensir, tawada ta Indiya a kan itace, kati da nau'ikan takarda daban-daban. Mee ta kira fasahar daukar hoto da ke kan zane a matsayin &quot;fasahar aikace-aikace&quot;, wanda ya kunshi sauya fasalin gine-gine na farko ta hanyar zane da/ko zane-zane na dijital. A cikin tsarinta, Ada Mee ta haɗa zane da hotunanta.

=== Fasahar ra'ayi mai tsari ===
Misali ɗaya daga cikin zane-zanenta na tunani shine ''Das Wunder von Puijang'' ('Abin Mamaki na Puijang'), wanda ke nuna jariri da aka haifa yayin da mahaifiyar ke tsugunne a kan bayan gida wanda ya shiga cikin bututun shara kuma aka ceto shi ta hanyar yankewa a cikin bututun.

== Ganewa da kyaututtuka ==

* 2023: an zaɓe shi don lambar yabo ta 29 ta Mainz Art Prize, Eisenturm
* 2019: An zaɓi wanda zai yi nasara a kyautar Perron Art Prize, Frankenthal
* 2013: zaben HEISE Kunstpreis 2014
* 2009: gabatarwa ta Stiftungen Landesbank-Baden-Württemberg, ''Catalogue: Lithographien vom Stein''
* 2008: gabatarwa ta Stiftungen Landesbank-Baden-Württemberg, ''Catalogue: Maroc mon amour.'' ''1996, Malerei zur Ausstellung im Presseclub Bonn''
* 2006: Ƙwararrun sana'a &quot;UnFAIRblümt&quot;, Haus der Demokratie und Menschenrechte, Berlin
* 2006: kyautar fasaha ta gundumar Alzey-Worms 
* 2005: zaɓen kalandar zane ta Johann Kasper Zeus, 2006, Kronach

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>rbsp1sz6huj67tgxp1z9yavesh6xsbu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Yana Milev</title>
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    <id>162972</id>
    <revision>
      <id>893613</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T11:25:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nnamadee</username>
        <id>31123</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1335534625|Yana Milev]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Yana Milev''' ƙwararriyar masaniyar al'adu ce ta Jamus, [[Kimiyar al'umma|masanin zamantakewa]], mai nazarin al'adu, kuma mai kula da al'adu.

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi Yana Milev a [[Leipzig]], Gabashin Jamus, a matsayin ɗan fari na likitan Bulgaria kuma masanin ilimin ɗan adam Gancho Milev, wanda ya yi ƙaura zuwa GDR a farkon shekarun 1960, da kuma mai fassara da fassara Karin Fahr-Mileva da ke Leipzig. Bayan kammala karatun sakandare a abin da a lokacin ake kira GDR, ta fara karatun zane-zane da zane-zanen kaya a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Dresden (HfBK), wanda daga ƙarshe ta kammala da takardar shaidar difloma bayan haɗewar Jamus. Bayan haka, ta yi karatun digiri na biyu a matsayin ɗalibi na biyu a Günter Hornig . A shekarun ƙarshe na Jamhuriyar Demokraɗiyya ta Tsakiya, Milev ya kasance mai himma a cikin al'adun ƙasar. Ta shahara da fina-finai masu zaman kansu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma zane-zanen ra'ayi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1988 |title=Autonome Kunst in der DDR, Hochschule der Bildenden Künste Dresden, In Aspik von Yana Milev, HfBK Nachtmahr-Kunstaktion |url=https://www.bpb.de/geschichte/deutsche-geschichte/autonome-kunst-in-der-ddr/56156/bildergalerie-hochschule-fuer-bildende-kuenste?show=image&amp;k=7 |access-date=23 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tralau |first=Marianne |last2=Kleinert |first2=Peter |date=1988 |title=Freiheit wird nicht erbettelt, sondern erkämpft |url=http://www.nrhz.de/flyer/beitrag.php?id=10571 |access-date=28 September 2021 |publisher=Neue Rheinische Zeitung |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Daniels |first=Dieter |last2=Stoschek |first2=Jeannette |date=2007 |title=Grauzone 8 mm. Materialien zum autonomen Künstlerfilm in der DDR |url=https://www.hatjecantz.de/grauzone-8-mm-1888-0.html?article_id=1888&amp;clang=0 |access-date=28 September 2021 |publisher=Hatje Cantz |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Berg |first=Ronald |date=29 August 2016 |title=Gegenstimmen aus der DDR, Zitty |url=https://www.tip-berlin.de/kultur/ausstellungen/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625190453/https://www.tip-berlin.de/kultur/ausstellungen/ |archive-date=25 June 2021 |access-date=23 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tun daga shekarar 1992, an gan ta a kasuwar fasaha ta duniya a matsayin mai fasaha da ke da alaƙa da Galerie EIGEN+ART (Leipzig da Berlin). A shekarar 1995, ta zama mawakiyar GDR ta farko da ta karɓi kyautar Max-Pechstein.  Haka kuma, a matsayinta na mace ta farko mai zane a jam'iyyar GDR da ta yi hakan, Milev ta nuna aiki a cikin shirin X a shekarar 1997.    Tare da goyon bayan [[Sabis ɗin Musayar Ilimi na Jamus|ƙungiyar ilimi ta Jamus]] (DAAD), Milev ta yi tafiya zuwa Japan, inda ta gudanar da nazarin al'adu da kuma horar da dabarun yaƙi na gargajiya na Japan Kyudō da Aikidō a [[Kyoto|Kyōto]] . A cikin 1999, ta sami Sho-Dan na Zen Nippon Kyudo Renmei (全日本弓道連) a [[Tokyo]] .

Bayan dawowarta daga Japan a shekara ta 2003, mai zane-zanenta, Gerd Harry Lybke, ya sake ta Milev. Babban aikinta na mai zane ya kusa ƙarewa nan take, kuma an tilasta mata ta fara sabuwar rayuwa. Milev ya kammala karatun digirin digirgir a fannin falsafa a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Vienna da Jami'ar Fasaha da Zane ta Karlsruhe (HfG). Domin ta sami kuɗin karatun digirin digirgir (PhD), a shekara ta 2004 ta zama malami kuma shugabar ayyuka a Jami'ar Zurich ta Fasaha (ZHdK), da farko a Cibiyar Bincike kan Zane, sannan a shekara ta 2013, a Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adu a Fasaha (ICS).  A lokaci guda, tana aiki tukuru wajen gudanar da ayyukan kula da yara a Jami'ar Zurich ta Fasaha da Cibiyar Karlsruhe ta Fasaha da Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai (ZKM).  &lt;ref&gt;''[https://zkm.de/de/event/2009/03/talks-in-between-emergencies Talks in-between Emergencies. Ausnahmezustand Kunstmarkt - Ausnahmeraum Kunst, ZKM Medientheater, 07.03.2009.] {{Webarchive}}'' Retrieved 23 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1989, Milev ta haɗu da mai yin goge da kuma mai ɗaukar hoto Philipp Beckert, abokin aikinta a ayyukan haɗin gwiwa har zuwa yau.   A shekarar 2020, Milev ta sami izinin zama a Switzerland. Tana zaune a St. Gallen da Berlin.

=== Digirin karatu da kuma zargin satar bayanai ===
A shekarar 2008, Milev ya sami digirin digirgir tare da digirin digirgir a fannin falsafar siyasa, wanda Peter Sloterdijk da Elisabeth von Samsonow (mai karatu na biyu) suka tantance kuma suka ba shi lambar yabo ta ''summa cum laude'' . A shekarar 2022, dandalin satar bayanai na VroniPlag Wiki ya buga rahoto kan shari'o'i da dama na zargin [[Plagiarism|satar bayanai]] a cikin takardar digirin Milev mai suna ''Emergency Empire'' da aka buga a shekarar 2009. A cewar rahoton, littafin ya kwafi labarai daga Wikipedia ta Jamus . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Weber |first=Stefan |date=2022-11-21 |title=Plagiatsfall an der Akademie der bildenden Künste Wien |url=https://plagiatsgutachten.com/blog/dissertationsplagiat-bildende-wien/ |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=DOZ. DR. STEFAN WEBER |language=de-DE}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, Milev ya zama mai ba da shawara kan bincike a Cibiyar Bincike ta HfG Karlsruhe,  kuma a shekara ta 2012 an amince da shi ya yi aikin ''Habilitation'' tare da Seminar for Sociology a Jami'ar St. Gallen (SfS-HSG). A shekarar 2014, ta sami ''digirin Habilitation'' tare da takardar digiri kan batun ilimin zamantakewa na ƙirar siyasa, wanda Franz Schultheis ya jagoranta kuma Sigrid Schade, Oliver Marchart, da Ulf Wuggenig suka jagoranta.  A cikin 2023, VroniPlag Wiki ta buga rahoton saɓo akan ''Habilitationsschrift'' ta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ymh |url=https://vroniplag.fandom.com/de/wiki/Ymh |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=VroniPlag Wiki |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2016, ta gudanar da laccarta ta farko ( ''Antrittsvorlesung'' ) a matsayin malamar waje ( ''Privatdozent'' ) a fannin ilimin zamantakewa na al'adu a Jami'ar St. Gallen, mai taken &quot;On Being Precarious in the Society of Symptoms.&quot;.  A wannan lokacin, Milev ya lura cewa malaman jami'a suna hulɗa da jama'a a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (GDR) waɗanda aka haifa tsakanin 1945 da 1975 an hana su neman aiki. A shekarar 2017 ta ƙaddamar da aikin bincike ''na De-Coupled Society: Liberalization and Resistance a Gabashin Jamus tun daga 1989/90'', wanda ya bayyana a cikin kundin littattafai da yawa tare da Peter Lang tun daga 2018. Domin gudanar da wannan aikin, Milev ya kafa wani dandali mai zaman kansa mai suna AGIO | Nazarin Zamantakewa da Ilimin Siyasa. 

== Aiki ==

=== Fasaha ===
A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Milev ya gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya shirya fina-finai na gwaji, ayyukan gani, shigarwa, da kuma ayyukan shiga tsakani na birane. A cikin shirye-shiryen multimedia na jerin shirye-shirye kan taken ''Horror Vacui'', kamar ''In Aspik, Einneonopern'', ''Second Up'', da ''Eine Messe'', Milev ya yi aiki a zaman wasan opera mai kama da jam tare da mawakan Bo Kondren (Ornament &amp; Verbrechen), Paul Landers da Christian Lorenz (duka membobin Feeling B a lokacin, kuma yanzu suna Rammstein ), André Greiner-Pol (Freygang), Taymur Streng (9 Tage alt), tare da mawaƙin Johannes Jansen da kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo Matthias Baader Holst. Fina-finai kamar ''raster+psyche'' da ''waɗanda ba za a iya canza su ba'' an haɗa su da sautuka masu rai, kuma an ɗora su a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo kamar na kade-kade a cikin mahallin abubuwan da suka faru daban-daban, ciki har da a wurare kamar Dresden Academy of Fine Arts, Cibiyar Nunin da ke Fučíkplatz, House of Young Talents da ke Berlin (a yau: Podewil), da kuma Lindenpark da ke Potsdam.  

A shekarun 1990, an mayar da hankali kan aikin Milev zuwa ga tsarin sanya kayan sararin samaniya, inda aka yi amfani da taken rugujewar yankin Gabas a cikin tsarin sanya kayan aikinta na kafofin watsa labarai a ƙarƙashin taken ''Fitowa'' (I zuwa VII). Milev ya ci gaba da aiki da abubuwan da suka shafi fim da shirye-shiryen talabijin, kuma ya ƙirƙiri wurare masu hasashen abubuwa, ko ''Dandalin Tattaunawa'', waɗanda za a iya shiga. An gabatar da waɗannan ''tarukan hasashen'' a Babban Nunin Nordrhein-Westfalen da ke Düsseldorf (1993), a Gidan Tarihi na Leonhardi da ke Dresden (1995), a Gidan Tarihi na Birnin Zwickau (1995) da kuma a cikin Gallery EIGEN + ART da ke Berlin (1996). A shekarar 1997, Catherine David ta gayyaci Milev don ya ɗauki hoton X, kuma ta gabatar da ''shirin Projection Forum III'' mai hulɗa a Ottoneum .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 April 2022 |title=Medien Kunst Netz &amp;#124; Milev, Yana: Projektionsforum III |url=http://www.medienkunstnetz.de/werke/projektionsforum-iii/bilder/3/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

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'''Yana Milev''' ƙwararriyar masaniyar al'adu ce ta Jamus, [[Kimiyar al'umma|masanin zamantakewa]], mai nazarin al'adu, kuma mai kula da al'adu.

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi Yana Milev a [[Leipzig]], Gabashin Jamus, a matsayin ɗan fari na likitan Bulgaria kuma masanin ilimin ɗan adam Gancho Milev, wanda ya yi ƙaura zuwa GDR a farkon shekarun 1960, da kuma mai fassara da fassara Karin Fahr-Mileva da ke Leipzig. Bayan kammala karatun sakandare a abin da a lokacin ake kira GDR, ta fara karatun zane-zane da zane-zanen kaya a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Dresden (HfBK), wanda daga ƙarshe ta kammala da takardar shaidar difloma bayan haɗewar Jamus. Bayan haka, ta yi karatun digiri na biyu a matsayin ɗalibi na biyu a Günter Hornig . A shekarun ƙarshe na Jamhuriyar Demokraɗiyya ta Tsakiya, Milev ya kasance mai himma a cikin al'adun ƙasar. Ta shahara da fina-finai masu zaman kansu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma zane-zanen ra'ayi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1988 |title=Autonome Kunst in der DDR, Hochschule der Bildenden Künste Dresden, In Aspik von Yana Milev, HfBK Nachtmahr-Kunstaktion |url=https://www.bpb.de/geschichte/deutsche-geschichte/autonome-kunst-in-der-ddr/56156/bildergalerie-hochschule-fuer-bildende-kuenste?show=image&amp;k=7 |access-date=23 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tralau |first=Marianne |last2=Kleinert |first2=Peter |date=1988 |title=Freiheit wird nicht erbettelt, sondern erkämpft |url=http://www.nrhz.de/flyer/beitrag.php?id=10571 |access-date=28 September 2021 |publisher=Neue Rheinische Zeitung |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Daniels |first=Dieter |last2=Stoschek |first2=Jeannette |date=2007 |title=Grauzone 8 mm. Materialien zum autonomen Künstlerfilm in der DDR |url=https://www.hatjecantz.de/grauzone-8-mm-1888-0.html?article_id=1888&amp;clang=0 |access-date=28 September 2021 |publisher=Hatje Cantz |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Berg |first=Ronald |date=29 August 2016 |title=Gegenstimmen aus der DDR, Zitty |url=https://www.tip-berlin.de/kultur/ausstellungen/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625190453/https://www.tip-berlin.de/kultur/ausstellungen/ |archive-date=25 June 2021 |access-date=23 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tun daga shekarar 1992, an gan ta a kasuwar fasaha ta duniya a matsayin mai fasaha da ke da alaƙa da Galerie EIGEN+ART (Leipzig da Berlin). A shekarar 1995, ta zama mawakiyar GDR ta farko da ta karɓi kyautar Max-Pechstein.  Haka kuma, a matsayinta na mace ta farko mai zane a jam'iyyar GDR da ta yi hakan, Milev ta nuna aiki a cikin shirin X a shekarar 1997.    Tare da goyon bayan [[Sabis ɗin Musayar Ilimi na Jamus|ƙungiyar ilimi ta Jamus]] (DAAD), Milev ta yi tafiya zuwa Japan, inda ta gudanar da nazarin al'adu da kuma horar da dabarun yaƙi na gargajiya na Japan Kyudō da Aikidō a [[Kyoto|Kyōto]] . A cikin 1999, ta sami Sho-Dan na Zen Nippon Kyudo Renmei (全日本弓道連) a [[Tokyo]] .

Bayan dawowarta daga Japan a shekara ta 2003, mai zane-zanenta, Gerd Harry Lybke, ya sake ta Milev. Babban aikinta na mai zane ya kusa ƙarewa nan take, kuma an tilasta mata ta fara sabuwar rayuwa. Milev ya kammala karatun digirin digirgir a fannin falsafa a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Vienna da Jami'ar Fasaha da Zane ta Karlsruhe (HfG). Domin ta sami kuɗin karatun digirin digirgir (PhD), a shekara ta 2004 ta zama malami kuma shugabar ayyuka a Jami'ar Zurich ta Fasaha (ZHdK), da farko a Cibiyar Bincike kan Zane, sannan a shekara ta 2013, a Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adu a Fasaha (ICS).  A lokaci guda, tana aiki tukuru wajen gudanar da ayyukan kula da yara a Jami'ar Zurich ta Fasaha da Cibiyar Karlsruhe ta Fasaha da Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai (ZKM).  &lt;ref&gt;''[https://zkm.de/de/event/2009/03/talks-in-between-emergencies Talks in-between Emergencies. Ausnahmezustand Kunstmarkt - Ausnahmeraum Kunst, ZKM Medientheater, 07.03.2009.] {{Webarchive}}'' Retrieved 23 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1989, Milev ta haɗu da mai yin goge da kuma mai ɗaukar hoto Philipp Beckert, abokin aikinta a ayyukan haɗin gwiwa har zuwa yau.   A shekarar 2020, Milev ta sami izinin zama a Switzerland. Tana zaune a St. Gallen da Berlin.

=== Digirin karatu da kuma zargin satar bayanai ===
A shekarar 2008, Milev ya sami digirin digirgir tare da digirin digirgir a fannin falsafar siyasa, wanda Peter Sloterdijk da Elisabeth von Samsonow (mai karatu na biyu) suka tantance kuma suka ba shi lambar yabo ta ''summa cum laude'' . A shekarar 2022, dandalin satar bayanai na VroniPlag Wiki ya buga rahoto kan shari'o'i da dama na zargin [[Plagiarism|satar bayanai]] a cikin takardar digirin Milev mai suna ''Emergency Empire'' da aka buga a shekarar 2009. A cewar rahoton, littafin ya kwafi labarai daga Wikipedia ta Jamus . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Weber |first=Stefan |date=2022-11-21 |title=Plagiatsfall an der Akademie der bildenden Künste Wien |url=https://plagiatsgutachten.com/blog/dissertationsplagiat-bildende-wien/ |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=DOZ. DR. STEFAN WEBER |language=de-DE}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, Milev ya zama mai ba da shawara kan bincike a Cibiyar Bincike ta HfG Karlsruhe,  kuma a shekara ta 2012 an amince da shi ya yi aikin ''Habilitation'' tare da Seminar for Sociology a Jami'ar St. Gallen (SfS-HSG). A shekarar 2014, ta sami ''digirin Habilitation'' tare da takardar digiri kan batun ilimin zamantakewa na ƙirar siyasa, wanda Franz Schultheis ya jagoranta kuma Sigrid Schade, Oliver Marchart, da Ulf Wuggenig suka jagoranta.  A cikin 2023, VroniPlag Wiki ta buga rahoton saɓo akan ''Habilitationsschrift'' ta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ymh |url=https://vroniplag.fandom.com/de/wiki/Ymh |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=VroniPlag Wiki |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2016, ta gudanar da laccarta ta farko ( ''Antrittsvorlesung'' ) a matsayin malamar waje ( ''Privatdozent'' ) a fannin ilimin zamantakewa na al'adu a Jami'ar St. Gallen, mai taken &quot;On Being Precarious in the Society of Symptoms.&quot;.  A wannan lokacin, Milev ya lura cewa malaman jami'a suna hulɗa da jama'a a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (GDR) waɗanda aka haifa tsakanin 1945 da 1975 an hana su neman aiki. A shekarar 2017 ta ƙaddamar da aikin bincike ''na De-Coupled Society: Liberalization and Resistance a Gabashin Jamus tun daga 1989/90'', wanda ya bayyana a cikin kundin littattafai da yawa tare da Peter Lang tun daga 2018. Domin gudanar da wannan aikin, Milev ya kafa wani dandali mai zaman kansa mai suna AGIO | Nazarin Zamantakewa da Ilimin Siyasa. 

== Aiki ==

=== Fasaha ===
A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Milev ya gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya shirya fina-finai na gwaji, ayyukan gani, shigarwa, da kuma ayyukan shiga tsakani na birane. A cikin shirye-shiryen multimedia na jerin shirye-shirye kan taken ''Horror Vacui'', kamar ''In Aspik, Einneonopern'', ''Second Up'', da ''Eine Messe'', Milev ya yi aiki a zaman wasan opera mai kama da jam tare da mawakan Bo Kondren (Ornament &amp; Verbrechen), Paul Landers da Christian Lorenz (duka membobin Feeling B a lokacin, kuma yanzu suna Rammstein ), André Greiner-Pol (Freygang), Taymur Streng (9 Tage alt), tare da mawaƙin Johannes Jansen da kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo Matthias Baader Holst. Fina-finai kamar ''raster+psyche'' da ''waɗanda ba za a iya canza su ba'' an haɗa su da sautuka masu rai, kuma an ɗora su a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo kamar na kade-kade a cikin mahallin abubuwan da suka faru daban-daban, ciki har da a wurare kamar Dresden Academy of Fine Arts, Cibiyar Nunin da ke Fučíkplatz, House of Young Talents da ke Berlin (a yau: Podewil), da kuma Lindenpark da ke Potsdam.  

A shekarun 1990, an mayar da hankali kan aikin Milev zuwa ga tsarin sanya kayan sararin samaniya, inda aka yi amfani da taken rugujewar yankin Gabas a cikin tsarin sanya kayan aikinta na kafofin watsa labarai a ƙarƙashin taken ''Fitowa'' (I zuwa VII). Milev ya ci gaba da aiki da abubuwan da suka shafi fim da shirye-shiryen talabijin, kuma ya ƙirƙiri wurare masu hasashen abubuwa, ko ''Dandalin Tattaunawa'', waɗanda za a iya shiga. An gabatar da waɗannan ''tarukan hasashen'' a Babban Nunin Nordrhein-Westfalen da ke Düsseldorf (1993), a Gidan Tarihi na Leonhardi da ke Dresden (1995), a Gidan Tarihi na Birnin Zwickau (1995) da kuma a cikin Gallery EIGEN + ART da ke Berlin (1996). A shekarar 1997, Catherine David ta gayyaci Milev don ya ɗauki hoton X, kuma ta gabatar da ''shirin Projection Forum III'' mai hulɗa a Ottoneum .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 April 2022 |title=Medien Kunst Netz &amp;#124; Milev, Yana: Projektionsforum III |url=http://www.medienkunstnetz.de/werke/projektionsforum-iii/bilder/3/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341097389|Katja Mragowska]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Katja Mragowska''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1975) ƙwararriyar mai fasaha ce 'yar ƙasar Poland da Jamus wadda ke zaune a [[Stuttgart]].

== Aikin fasaha ==
Tana da ilimi da kwarin gwiwa game da kyawun siffar ɗan adam mai rauni. Mragowska ta samar da sassaka na ƙarfe da kuma na resin masu girman gaske waɗanda ta kira su da abubuwan da aka zana a jikin mutum. 

Mragowska a halin yanzu yana zaune a Jami'ar Newcastle da ke [[Ingila]] . Wani aiki na baya-bayan nan wani rubutu ne mai taken ''Against Capitalism and Materialism ko Bad Primark'' wanda ke nuna wani mutum mai tsawon ƙafa shida wanda aka rufe shi da yadudduka na yadi da kayan haɗi da yawa. Manufarta da wannan rubutun ita ce ta nuna yadda ake sayar mana da asali, da kuma yadda muke zama masu amfani waɗanda ainihin asalinsu ya ɓace ko kuma aka ɓoye su a bayan &quot;kayan&quot;. 

== Nunin Nunin ==
Mragowska ya yi baje kolin a Stuttgart Paladium, Das Whorl, Stuttgart KunstCenter, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani ta Poznan da kuma Gidan Tarihi na Tarayya, Mexico.  Ta lashe kyaututtuka, ciki har da kyautar Oleszczyński don sabon sassaka na Poland (2006) da kyautar Bachhuber (2007). 

Babban aikin Mragowska yana gudana ne a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani ta Poznan.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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'''Katja Mragowska''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1975) ƙwararriyar mai fasaha ce 'yar ƙasar Poland da Jamus wadda ke zaune a [[Stuttgart|Stuttgart.]]

== Aikin fasaha ==
Tana da ilimi da kwarin gwiwa game da kyawun siffar ɗan adam mai rauni. Mragowska ta samar da sassaka na ƙarfe da kuma na resin masu girman gaske waɗanda ta kira su da abubuwan da aka zana a jikin mutum.&lt;ref&gt;Katja Mragowska, Poznan Tak, February 18, 2007&lt;/ref&gt; 

Mragowska a halin yanzu yana zaune a Jami'ar Newcastle da ke [[Ingila]] . Wani aiki na baya-bayan nan wani rubutu ne mai taken ''Against Capitalism and Materialism ko Bad Primark'' wanda ke nuna wani mutum mai tsawon ƙafa shida wanda aka rufe shi da yadudduka na yadi da kayan haɗi da yawa. Manufarta da wannan rubutun ita ce ta nuna yadda ake sayar mana da asali, da kuma yadda muke zama masu amfani waɗanda ainihin asalinsu ya ɓace ko kuma aka ɓoye su a bayan &quot;kayan&quot;. 

== Nunin Nunin ==
Mragowska ya yi baje kolin a Stuttgart Paladium, Das Whorl, Stuttgart KunstCenter, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani ta Poznan da kuma Gidan Tarihi na Tarayya, Mexico.  Ta lashe kyaututtuka, ciki har da kyautar Oleszczyński don sabon sassaka na Poland (2006) da kyautar Bachhuber (2007). 

Babban aikin Mragowska yana gudana ne a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani ta Poznan.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]]</text>
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'''Katja Mragowska''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1975) ƙwararriyar mai fasaha ce 'yar ƙasar Poland da Jamus wadda ke zaune a [[Stuttgart|Stuttgart.]]

== Aikin fasaha ==
Tana da ilimi da kwarin gwiwa game da kyawun siffar ɗan adam mai rauni. Mragowska ta samar da sassaka na ƙarfe da kuma na resin masu girman gaske waɗanda ta kira su da abubuwan da aka zana a jikin mutum.&lt;ref&gt;Katja Mragowska, Poznan Tak, February 18, 2007&lt;/ref&gt; 

Mragowska a halin yanzu yana zaune a Jami'ar Newcastle da ke [[Ingila]] . Wani aiki na baya-bayan nan wani rubutu ne mai taken ''Against Capitalism and Materialism ko Bad Primark'' wanda ke nuna wani mutum mai tsawon ƙafa shida wanda aka rufe shi da yadudduka na yadi da kayan haɗi da yawa. Manufarta da wannan rubutun ita ce ta nuna yadda ake sayar mana da asali, da kuma yadda muke zama masu amfani waɗanda ainihin asalinsu ya ɓace ko kuma aka ɓoye su a bayan &quot;kayan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Holly Willats, The Courier, May 28, 2008&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Nunin Nunin ==
Mragowska ya yi baje kolin a Stuttgart Paladium, Das Whorl, Stuttgart KunstCenter, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani ta Poznan da kuma Gidan Tarihi na Tarayya, Mexico.  Ta lashe kyaututtuka, ciki har da kyautar Oleszczyński don sabon sassaka na Poland (2006) da kyautar Bachhuber (2007). 

Babban aikin Mragowska yana gudana ne a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani ta Poznan.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]]</text>
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        <username>Nnamadee</username>
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'''Katja Mragowska''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1975) ƙwararriyar mai fasaha ce 'yar ƙasar Poland da Jamus wadda ke zaune a [[Stuttgart|Stuttgart.]]

== Aikin fasaha ==
Tana da ilimi da kwarin gwiwa game da kyawun siffar ɗan adam mai rauni. Mragowska ta samar da sassaka na ƙarfe da kuma na resin masu girman gaske waɗanda ta kira su da abubuwan da aka zana a jikin mutum.&lt;ref&gt;Katja Mragowska, Poznan Tak, February 18, 2007&lt;/ref&gt; 

Mragowska a halin yanzu yana zaune a Jami'ar Newcastle da ke [[Ingila]] . Wani aiki na baya-bayan nan wani rubutu ne mai taken ''Against Capitalism and Materialism ko Bad Primark'' wanda ke nuna wani mutum mai tsawon ƙafa shida wanda aka rufe shi da yadudduka na yadi da kayan haɗi da yawa. Manufarta da wannan rubutun ita ce ta nuna yadda ake sayar mana da asali, da kuma yadda muke zama masu amfani waɗanda ainihin asalinsu ya ɓace ko kuma aka ɓoye su a bayan &quot;kayan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Holly Willats, The Courier, May 28, 2008&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Nunin Nunin ==
Mragowska ya yi baje kolin a Stuttgart Paladium, Das Whorl, Stuttgart KunstCenter, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani ta Poznan da kuma Gidan Tarihi na Tarayya, Mexico.  Ta lashe kyaututtuka, ciki har da kyautar Oleszczyński don sabon sassaka na Poland (2006) da kyautar Bachhuber (2007). 

Babban aikin Mragowska yana gudana ne a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani ta Poznan.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]]</text>
      <sha1>80g5h8zsl8czcqifu970n116g5atdbj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
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